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No. 16 Coastal Carolina tops Texas State, wins Sun Belt East
Coastal Carolina Texas St Football
Coastal Carolina's Fred Payton (9) runs against Texas State during the second half of an NCAA college football game in San Marcos, Texas, Saturday, Nov. 28, 2020. (AP Photo/Chuck Burton)
Texas State's Jahmyl Jeter (28) runs into the end zone against Coastal Carolina's Davon Bomar (48) during the second half of an NCAA college football game in San Marcos, Texas, Saturday, Nov. 28, 2020. (AP Photo/Chuck Burton)
Coastal Carolina's Baden Pinson (31) picks up a fumble during the second half of an NCAA college football game against Texas State in San Marcos, Texas, Saturday, Nov. 28, 2020. Pinson recovered the ball and ran for a touchdown. (AP Photo/Chuck Burton)
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Coastal Carolina Texas State Football
Coastal Carolina's Jordan Morris (16) reaches over Texas State's Jeremiah Haydel (3) after Haydel muffed a punt during the second half of an NCAA college football game in San Marcos, Texas, Saturday, Nov. 28, 2020. Texas State recovered the ball. (AP Photo/Chuck Burton)
Coastal Carolina's Baden Pinson (31) falls into the end zone for a touchdown against Texas State's Emmanuel Galvan-Vazquez (97) and Brendon Luper (25) during the second half of an NCAA college football game in San Marcos, Texas, Saturday, Nov. 28, 2020. (AP Photo/Chuck Burton)
Coastal Carolina's CJ Marable (1) runs for a touchdown against Texas State during the second half of an NCAA college football game in San Marcos, Texas, Saturday, Nov. 28, 2020. (AP Photo/Chuck Burton)
RAUL DOMINGUEZ
28 November 2020, 11:26 pm ·4-min read
SAN MARCOS. Texas (AP) — Coastal Carolina coach Jamey Chadwell was apprehensive because he is aware that when it rains, it pours.
Coming off an emotional victory last week over Appalachian State, the No. 16 Chanticleers were on the road facing a Texas State team looking for a bright spot in a dismal season. To make matters worse, steady rain was going to limit a passing game that has carried Coastal through a historic season.
The Chants put Chadwell's concerns to rest by putting the Bobcats away quickly.
C.J. Marable ran for 157 yards and three touchdowns and Coastal Carolina wrapped up the Sun Belt Conference East Division title with a 49-14 victory Saturday.
"It wasn't an easy game to play with the weather up here, it was constant rain," Chadwell said. "Everybody was talking about how this could potentially be a trap game with the big win we had last week, but our team came out focused from the opening kickoff."
The Chanticleers (9-0, 7-0) had 572 yards of offense in extending their winning streak to 10 games. They moved up to the Football Bowl Subdivision three seasons ago.
Texas State (2-10, 2-6) closed its sixth straight losing season. It was the second-most points the Bobcats have allowed in regulation this season.
Texas State held a moment of silence for sophomore defensive back Khambrail Winters, who was fatally shot Tuesday what the San Marcos Police Department said was a drug deal gone wrong.
As forecast, steady rain began early in the first quarter and continued throughout the game.
"Our plan was coming up here to try to run the football, especially once we found out the weather was going to be what it was," Chadwell said.
Coastal took command early at Bobcat Stadium, scoring touchdowns on its first two possessions en route to a 35-7 lead at the half.
The Chants drove 81 yards on their opening possession for the game's first touchdown. Marable had five rushes for 67 yards in the seven-play drive, including a 14-yard scoring run 1:14 into the game.
"I love to play in this weather because I know for a fact, we're going to pound the ball and run the ball constantly," Marable said.
The senior running back followed that with a 9-yard scoring run on Coastal's second possession. The 45-yard drive was set up when Chants junior safety Alex Spillum forced and recovered a fumble. It was Texas State's fourth fumble of the season.
Marable added a 23-yard scoring run two minutes into the third quarter. He closed with 16 carries, averaging 9.8 yards per attempt.
The Chants rushed for 406 yards and five touchdowns.
Texas State's lone touchdown in the first half came on a 14-yard pass from Brady McBride to Javen Banks with 4:33 remaining in the first quarter. The 77-yard drive cut the Chants' lead to 14-7 at the time.
McBride, the Sun Belt's reigning Offensive Player of the Week, completed 20 of 26 passes for 202 yards and a touchdown.
The Bobcats were held to 318 yards, including just 116 yards rushing on 24 carries.
PROVING THEM WRONG
Coastal won the Sun Belt's East Division after being picked to finish last in the conference's preseason poll.
"That's so special," Marable said. "We're all excited because we know last few years since I've been here, we've been 5-7 back to back. Coming into this season the goal was winning the Sun Belt championship. We knew with what type of team that we had (that) we knew we could do that. Everything falls into line like we thought it was going to be. It's a blessing. It's a blessing to be there."
Texas State: The Bobcats have finished above .500 just once in their last nine seasons. They have three two-win seasons in the past five years and are 5-19 in two seasons under Jake Spavital, who signed a five-year contract with the school in 2018. Texas State was 7-28 in three seasons under previous head coach Everett Withers before his dismissal.
Coastal Carolina: The Chants can focus on closing out a perfect regular season and prepare for a rematch against the Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns for the Sun Belt championship. Coastal beat Louisiana 30-27 on Oct. 14.
Texas State: Season over.
Coastal Carolina: Hosts Liberty next Saturday.
Iran's Zarif tells France: Avoid 'absurd nonsense' about Tehran's nuclear work
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As Penny Stocks Make Massive Waves in the Market, Is Now the Time to Buy?
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Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif on Sunday dismissed a claim by France that Tehran was in the process of building up its nuclear weapons, calling it "absurd nonsense". French foreign minister Jean-Yves Le Drian, in an interview with the Journal du Dimanche published on Saturday, said Iran was building up its nuclear weapons' capacity and it was urgent that Tehran and Washington return to a 2015 nuclear agreement.
Every Premier League fixture for the 2020/21 season plus confirmed dates and kick-off times
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Penny stocks are having a moment right now. Of the top 10 most active stocks in mid-January, stocks trading at less than $1 per share took up six spots on the list, according to data gathered by Joseph Saluzzi, co-founder and co-head of equity trading at Themis Trading. Penny stocks are generally considered among the riskier types of investments, and it's rare to see them make such massive waves in the market.
Joe Biden reveals executive orders he will sign on day one of his presidency
In his first hours as president, Joe Biden plans to take executive action to roll back some of the most controversial decisions of his predecessor and to address the raging coronavirus pandemic, his incoming chief of staff said Saturday. The opening salvo would herald a 10-day blitz of executive actions as Biden seeks to act swiftly to redirect the country in the wake of Donald Trump's presidency without waiting for Congress.On Wednesday, following his inauguration, Biden will end Trump's restriction on immigration to the U.S. from some Muslim-majority countries, move to rejoin the Paris climate accord and mandate mask-wearing on federal property and during interstate travel. Those are among roughly a dozen actions Biden will take on his first day in the White House, his incoming chief of staff, Ron Klain, said in a memo to senior staff.Other actions include extending the pause on student loan payments and actions meant to prevent evictions and foreclosures for those struggling during the pandemic."These executive actions will deliver relief to the millions of Americans that are struggling in the face of these crises," Klain said in the memo. "President-elect Biden will take action — not just to reverse the gravest damages of the Trump administration — but also to start moving our country forward.""Full achievement" of Biden's goals will require Congress to act, Klain wrote, including the $1.9 trillion virus relief bill he outlined on Thursday. Klain said that Biden would also propose a comprehensive immigration reform bill to lawmakers on his first day in office.Providing a path to citizenship for millions of immigrants in the U.S. illegally will be part of Biden's agenda, according to people briefed on his plans. Ali Noorani, president of the National Immigration Forum and among those briefed, said immigrants would be put on an eight-year path. There would be a faster track for those in the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, which shields people from deportation who came to the U.S. as children, and for those from strife-torn countries with temporary status.Day Two for the new presidentOn Thursday, the new president's second day in office, Biden would sign orders related to the COVID-19 outbreak aimed at reopening schools and businesses, and expanding virus testing, Klain said. The following day, Friday, will see action on providing economic relief to those suffering the economic costs of the pandemic.In the following week, Klain said, Biden would take additional actions relating to criminal justice reform, climate change and immigration — including a directive to speed the reuniting of families separated at the U.S.-Mexico border under Trump's policies.More actions will be added, Klain said, once they clear legal review.Incoming presidents traditionally move swiftly to sign an array of executive actions when they take office. Trump did the same, but he found many of his orders challenged and even rejected by courts.Klain maintained that Biden should not suffer similar issues, saying "the legal theory behind them is well-founded and represents a restoration of an appropriate, constitutional role for the President."(AP)
(Bloomberg) -- Qatar stocks led losses in the Middle East as companies started reporting results across the region.Profitability for lenders in the Gulf Arab region remains under pressure, with disruptions to trade and travel continuing to rattle the energy-rich region. Qatar National Bank QPSC, the Middle East's biggest lender, reported last week a 16% drop in net income for 2020. Some banks in Oman also published results that showed a decline from last year. After the market closed on Sunday, Qatar Islamic Bank SAQ posted earnings that beat estimates.The focus this week "will be on banks as they will be the first to report 4Q earnings in the United Arab Emirates," said Harshjit Oza, head of research at Abu Dhabi-based International Securities. "We are expecting improved sequential performance in general for the sector."Doha's QE Index fell 0.5%, the most in the region. Dubai's DFM General Index dropped as much as 1.4%, before paring losses to 0.3% at close. Equity gauges in Bahrain, Kuwait, Israel and Egypt lost as much as 0.4%, while those in Abu Dhabi and Oman climbed as much as 0.3%.Dividend-paying stocks will also be in the spotlight, Oza said, citing Abu Dhabi-based companies including Aldar Properties PJSC and First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC.MIDDLE EASTERN MARKETS:In Riyadh, phone operators Mobily and Zain Saudi dropped 0.7% and 1% after the kingdom fined them on several matters, including making promotional offers in violation of rulesMORE: Saudi NCB Hires Banks for Additional Tier 1 Dollar SukukQatar National Bank, the Middle East's biggest bank, fell 0.7% in DohaQNB's margin may still decline 4-6 basis points in 2021 versus a 12 basis-point drag last year, Bloomberg Intelligence analysts Edmond Christou and Philip Richards write in a noteKuwait's Premier Market Index dropped 0.2%Kuwait's long-term foreign currency debt rating affirmed by S&P Global Ratings at AA-, outlook remains negativeFinancial results:Qatar Islamic Bank FY Net Income Beats EstimatesSohar International Bank (BKSB OM) FY Profit 20m Rials, -42% Y/y; Est. 20.2mBank Dhofar (BKDB OM) FY Profit 30.6m Rials, +1.2% Y/y, Est. 29.0mRaysut Cement (RCCI OM) FY Loss 14m Rials vs. Profit 2.26m Y/yHSBC Bank Oman (HBMO OM) FY Loss 8.2m Rials vs. Profit 29.3m Y/yFor more articles like this, please visit us at bloomberg.comSubscribe now to stay ahead with the most trusted business news source.©2021 Bloomberg L.P.
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The Maggie May singer admitted to being "a bit spiteful" about his friend in a 2018 interview.
2 Reasons to Avoid Jumia Stock
As a result, e-commerce platforms like Ozon Holdings in Russia took advantage, but not all did. Here, we will explore two main reasons why Jumia Technologies (NYSE: JMIA) -- a company striving to be the Amazon of Africa -- is not a good investment. To be fair to the company, it has been pulling back on growth spending in order to more quickly achieve profitability.
The appeal comes amid criticism of the Welsh Government for vaccinating fewer people in proportion to its population than other UK countries.


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When did you first arrive on Island/how did you get here?
My parents brought me to Fishers as a newborn. I am a fourth generation summer resident. My grandfather Maxwell Porter came to Fishers with his parents as an infant in 1898.
Play golf, enjoy the beauty, fish, and do water related activities.
What does Fishers mean to you?
Family, natural beauty, and community.


Underhand pitch: What common problem are shredded plastic bags tied to a de-bladed fan, golf tees stuck into the top of drinks, and a plastic bag of water swinging on a rope meant to solve? A hint lies in the water-filled bag photo, with the woman using a newspaper to lend some (visual/superficial) support.
Curveball: Which photo was taken in which country?


On March 28, Stanley Buchanan, former president of National Association of Letter Carriers Branch 493, pleaded guilty in Smith County (Tex.) Court to unauthorized use of a credit card issued by the Tyler-based union. He then was sentenced to deferred adjudication, placed in community supervision for three years, and ordered to pay $6,406 in restitution and $348 in court costs. Smith had been charged last December with credit card fraud in the amount of $7,776. The actions follow an investigation by the U.S. Labor Department's Office of Labor-Management Standards.


Popular Ghanaian actress Jackie Appiah, has stunned her fans and followers on social media with a beautiful photo.
Appiah was not only flaunting her beautiful face and designer clothings, but the photo also shows her plush bedroom.
The actress posed right in front of the bedroom with the doors widely opened, with a heartwarming smile.
Apart from the bed being neatly arranged, the aura of the bedroom would in no way escape anyone's notice.
It looked serene, and well-crafted with modernity. The lightening system also looks great in the photo.
This goes a long way to tell clearly the kind of expensive and plush lifestyle Jackie Appiah lives.
The photo has warmed the hearts of her fans who can't keep calm but to heap much praises on her.
There are many of such messages which show how Jackie's fans love and admire her.
She was in the news recently following a list of single mothers and their baby daddies published by YEN.com.gh.
Another report was published of how she used to have a wonderful relationship with her ex-husband.
Jackie also remains one of Ghana's respected actresses who has carved a niche for herself in the movie industry.


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Adding Garage Doors to your smart security system is sure to add a new level of convenience and efficiency to your Melbourne and Central FL home. Call to get started today (855) 732-8701.


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Red Sox pitching prospect Bryan Mata nearing return from Tommy John surgery
Red Sox pitching prospect is nearing his return to the mound and will soon start throwing live batting practice, according to The Boston Globe's Alex Speier.
Mata, who turns 23 next month, underwent Tommy John surgery last April after slightly tearing the ulnar collateral ligament in his right elbow during spring training. The procedure was performed by Dr. Neal ElAttrache.
Originally signed out of Venezuela for just $25,000 as an international free agent in 2016, Mata comes into the 2022 season regarded by Baseball America as the No. 8 prospect in the Red Sox' farm system, ranking second among pitchers in the organization behind only Brayan Bello.
While continuing to rehab from Tommy John surgery this spring, Mata was seen throwing off flat ground and going through drills on the back fields of the Fenway South complex in Fort Myers.
As noted by Speier, Mata is expected to join Triple-A Worcester's starting rotation at some point this season. The right-hander is already a member of Boston's 40-man roster, so him contributing at the big-league level later in the year is not out of the picture, either.
Listed at 6-foot-3 and 229 pounds, Mata operates with a five-pitch mix that consists of a 94-96 mph four-seam fastball, a 91-93 mph two-seam fastball, an 86-90 mph slider, a 78-80 mph curveball, and an 84-86 changeup, per his SoxProspects.com scouting report.
That, of course, was before Mata underwent elbow reconstruction one year ago. If he can retain that arsenal to some degree, the righty — as Speier writes — could "could emerge as a mid- to late-year bullpen option" for the Red Sox.
(Picture of Bryan Mata: Billie Weiss/Boston Red Sox/Getty Images)
Author Brendan CampbellPosted on April 14, 2022 Categories Baseball, Sports, UncategorizedTags 2022 season, Baseball, boston, bryan mata, mlb, pitching prospects, red sox, tommy john surgery, worcester red sox
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John Keleman: Junior Class President
Tsavo Cole, Reporter|March 11, 2020
Q: What position are you running for? Why?
A: Junior Class President. I enjoy being on the officer board because we do the extra things in student council, kind of the behind the scenes things. I also like representing my class.
Q: What is an area of concern that you've decided to address? How did you identify this need?
A: I've been focusing on inclusivity. I think that especially with social media and the current world it's so easy to exclude people, and so I think that's really something that we could focus on in our school and just making people feel appreciated for who they are.
Q: What is your slogan?
A: He's got a heart, he's got a vision, voting for John is the right decision.
Q: What are some of your qualifications for this?
A: I was freshman and am currently sophomore class president. I'm also a member of link crew, I'm in NHS, and I was the captain of my soccer team.
Q: What are some extracurricular activities you do?
A: I've played soccer all my life;I really enjoy doing that. I enjoy track, and I also like helping around the community, I volunteer a lot through NHS.
Q: What is your campaigning strategy?
A: Most people try and campaign in the three weeks that is designated campaigning, but my strategy is campaigning based on my behavior and how I treat people throughout the year. It's more than just the three weeks of campaigning, which is also important, and I've been making stickers and posters. [But] I'm looking for the more personal vote and just trying to represent myself throughout the year and making those bonds with people so that they will vote for me.
Q: How has your past role in STUCO helped you to run for office?
A: I've had leadership positions and with that I've coordinated a blood drive and staff appreciation week, so I already have experience coordinating events within the school and with other groups. Junior class president does prom and so I would have some experience leading into that.
Tsavo Cole, Reporter
Tsavo Cole is an incoming freshmen who likes to hangout with friends and play ice hockey. He enjoys talking to people and learning more about what they...


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Top Mountain Cross Point
Brian's Bikes
From the Editor ~ 169
Gigi Montrose "Speed" motorcycle jacket
Of Bikers and Baiku
The Rider's Digest Live
Real world motorcycling
Motolit & Culture
Riders' Lives
What's in your garage
Lois Fast-Lane
Harriet Ridley
Tinks
Blez
Jonathan Boorstein
Dave Gurman
Martin Haskell
Stuart Jewkes
Nick Lojik
Martin Newman
Ricardo Rodrigues
Andy Tribble
Rod Young
A beautiful biker jacket
Davida Jet crash helmet
Bitz: Fat Skeleton Wyoming Photochromic Yellow to Dark Riding Glasses
Riders' Lives ~ Steve Parrish
Riders' Lives ~ Wildcat
Riders' Lives ~ Mary-Anne Hobbs
Riders' Lives ~ CJ
Riders' Lives ~ Anthony Catalano
Riders' Lives ~ Grayson Perry
Riders' Lives ~ Lois Pryce
Contributors Jonathan Boorstein Motolit & Culture
Culture – With an Eagle on the Back
10th July 2020 10th July 2020 Dave Gurman	0 Comments
Sometimes I think my life is ruled by synchronicity.
Synchronicity is a concept developed by Carl Gustav Jung in the 1920s, although he didn't devote an entire paper to the subject until 1952. Synchronicity is a sort of pointed serendipity. It is seeing or experiencing a relationship or meaningful coincidence between or among a number of events or objects. Although the connections are made by meaning, causality is not excluded. Meaning may be provided internally or externally.
In this case, synchronicity took the form of the black leather jacket. The experience felt less like serendipity and more like stalking.
To begin with there was, Motorcycle Cultures: Fashioning Bikes, Building Identities, an exhibition at The Triangle Space of the Chelsea College of Art and Design that accompanied the recent conference of the International Journal of Motorcycle Studies (IJMS), covered in the last issue (181) by The Rider's Digest editor and Fearless Leader Dave Gurman (The Clever Girls and Boys' Club).
One of the artists whose work created a buzz here at The Digest was Tom Helyar-Cardwell, whose Battle Jacket project analyzes and interprets the customization of the black leather jacket in terms of popular, personal and political iconography, as well as its roots in heraldic and military traditions through his art work. The project includes the customized decoration of 'rocker' and 'metal head' jackets as well.
The black leather jacket also played a small part in the summer exhibition Punk: Chaos to Couture at The Costume Institute at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York. The show was less than successful, but the jacket's place as desiderata for proper Punk dress was noted: at least in passing.
In addition, Mick Farren died. He was more than just a professional provocateur in his career as a writer, activist and performer, his social history of the black leather jacket has become as much a classic as the jacket itself.
That led me to go to get my copy of The Black Leather Jacket (1985) off the shelf, only to discover Farren's book was but one of more than a dozen volumes on the topic I had picked up over the years. As for jackets and their customization, Farren himself also observes: "Bike jacket decoration became the new heraldry" (54). Noting the parallel between the leather jacket and medieval armor, he says, "The armour confers both a purpose and an identity" (p.18).
And last and definitely least, I had to take my black leather jacket to the tailor to replace a torn pocket. He conceded that a 15-year-old jacket probably did not need to be cleaned as well. Or at least there was no way I'd have it cleaned.
Of course, all that may just be apophenia (seeing connections where there aren't any).
There is nothing apophenic about the ubiquity of the black leather jacket. It is as much a staple of a complete wardrobe as the little black dress or the navy blue blazer. It can be as quintessential as a Schott Perfecto or as 'this year' as what's on a fashion week catwalk. "Together with jeans and T-shirts, the leather jacket has managed to establish itself as one of the cult items in the contemporary wardrobe," observes Anne-Laure Quilleriet (p.9) in The Leather Book (2004), which has a picture of the Perfecto on the cover.
"What makes the Perfecto The Real Thing is its Bad Boy/Girl, wrong-side-of-the-tracks image. That and the fact that it is a classic, anti-fashion garment, virtually unchanged in its design for some five decades," Ted Polhemus points out in Street Style (p.11). Street Style (1994), the catalogue from an exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum, documents forty different street styles since 1940. Close to half of them include a basic black leather jacket as a way to identify a lifestyle, if not mark territory or assert authenticity.
In an article in the IJMS, Marilyn DeLong, Kelly Gage, Juyeon Park, and Monica Sklar conclude that "The black leather jacket remains the 'go-to' uniform of bikers". They add, "[Bikers] find their black leather jacket provides them with an ability to move between their various life roles" (From Renegade to Regular Joe: The Black Leather Jacket's Values for Bikers, Volume 6, Issue 2: Fall 2010).
While DeLong, Gage, Park, and Sklar point out that there is more to wearing a black leather jacket than just the protection it provides, they shy away from addressing the near-sacred status it has with some riders.
After all, "Riders who do select gear for practical reasons are more likely, however, to order a Darien jacket made of 500 denier Cordura Gore Tex with a fleece lining and Scotchlite reflective tape in hi-viz lime yellow, or a BMW Motorrad Club Jacket made of rugged polyamide impregnated for water resistance with removable safety armour in the elbows and shoulders. Modern fabrics – more lightweight, durable and waterproof – have supplanted leather for rider protection," (p.181) Steven E. Alford and Suzanne Ferris point out in Motorcycle (2007).
A close analogy of the significance of the black leather jacket might be the belt of a martial artist. Tradition has it that the belt holds the martial artist's rank, power, and knowledge. The color, the bars (patches) sewn on, how worn it is, are the martial artist's history, if not his or her résumé. The belt (unlike the uniform or gi) is never washed or cleaned, lest that power and knowledge be washed away. Tying the belt on is a near sacred, almost ritualistic assumption of that identity.
While the black leather jacket isn't quite that layered with significance, it comes close. It protects and projects the rider, a mix of personal safety and public billboard. It's a résumé of who the rider is in style, scratches, and scruff marks.
Quilleriet quotes couturier Jean Colonna as saying, "In a black leather jacket it is easy to pick out the fakers. The jacket is there to protect you and to say who you are" (p.337). She observes about Colonna, "A biker himself, he had no qualms about scuffing jackets with sand paper and putting them in the washing machine" (p.336).
That aspect of the black leather jacket has been noted by others as well. Polhemus quotes Johnny Stuart: "The fancy fashionable versions of the Perfecto which you see all over the place these days water down the significance of the thing, taking away its original magic, castrating it" (p.12).
The lost magic is authenticity. Polhemus observes, "If today more and more people use their dress style to assert 'I am authentic,' it is simply evidence of our hunger for the genuine article in an age which sees to so many to the one of simulation and hype" (p.7).
Going from subversion to submission, from outsider to insider, in less than seventy years is quite an arc for an item of clothing that didn't even exist before World War I. Farren notes, "The black leather jacket has always been the uniform of the bad. Hitler's Gestapo, the Hell's Angels, the Black Panthers, Punk rockers, gay bar cruisers, rock 'n' roll animals and the hardcore mutations of the eighties, all adopted it as their own" (p.12).
It went from the military to the militant, from street to chic. "It has been a comforting companion to first motorists and aviation heroes, a manly symbol for bikers and thoughts, and a powerful erotic armor for fetishists," Quilleriet adds (p.8).
Some want to trace the origins of the black leather jacket to prehistoric cave dwellers dressing themselves in animal skins, which is a bit like Pooh-Bah tracing his ancestry to the primeval ooze.
More common is to trace the leather jacket back to the buckskin jackets of the American Wild West. This historic line goes as far as to see the origins of mixing denim and leather as well. It seems about as likely as saying the origins were in the leather waistcoats worn for warmth in Spain even earlier in the nineteenth century, a point curious enough that the Duke of Wellington commented on it to Philip Stanhope years later (1836).
Another slightly odd choice for the origins of the jacket is in lederhosen, a form of male dress I find less amusing than most having been traumatized as a child at Christmas dinners in German restaurants by oom-pah bands playing Silent Night.
While the relationship between leather jackets and leather trousers falls somewhere between obscure and non-existent, the theory is at least half right. Alford and Ferris state clearly, "The black motorcycle jacket…originated with German aviators of the First World War, such as Manfred von Ricthofen, the famous Red Baron" (p.181-182). It was developed to keep Germany's fighter pilots warm in the open cockpits of the warplanes of World War I around 1915.
This makes the black leather jacket a year or so shy of its centennial. The original jacket was longer, covering at least the hips, and became standard apparel for dispatch riders as well as aviators. As Derek Harris of Lewis Leathers explains in Or Glory (Horst A. Friedrichs, 2013): "Essentially you've got aviators with no cockpits, motorcyclists and drivers of open top cars: the main thing they've got in common is the need to keep warm and dry, and leather was obviously a good medium".
Quilleriet credits an army doctor, Major Malcolm C. Grox, with creating the B3 bomber jacket in the 1930s. A member of the Alaska Corp, he felt restricted by the longer jacket and had it cut off at the waist.
Farren adds, "This combination of dash and democracy must have contributed, at least in part, to the way in which the same leather jacket became the unofficial uniform of the International Brigade in the Spanish Civil War" (30). It was also the unofficial uniform of such pioneering 'aviatrices' as Amy Johnson and Amelia Earhart. (On a less feminist note, they may have also unintentionally pioneered the girls-in-leather fetish.)
Eventually, the back of the bomber jacket became a blank canvas for the pilot to express whatever he held dear or deemed interesting. Emblems, pin-ups, records of hits, all personalized the jacket to its owner.
While the flight/bomber/aviator jacket would continue to embody being one of the good guys, if not virtue, its motorcycling sibling went on a rapid downward spiral, enhanced by the rise of Fascism on the one hand and the film industry on the other. Alford and Ferris note, "Later associations with the Nazis further equated leather (and the colour black) with power and domination" (p.182).
The postwar adventures of the black leather jacket are somewhat better known. As war surplus or souvenir, the leather jacket became a favorite of a range of subcultures that were not obvious fits into the mainstream. Many came from the lower end of the socio-economic scale and became rockers or, earlier, café racers. Here in the States, bikers tended to band together in formal or informal clubs and joined the American Motorcycle Association (AMA). Others formed outlaw gangs. The more brutish (or thuggish) favored Nazi regalia and insignias to annoy and provoke.
Concurrently the black leather jacket became a fetish item for the sexual underground in general and the gay S/M underground in particular. The gay biker clubs of post-World War II California may have organized the gay sadomasochistic underground as well as inspired Santa Monica born-and-bred Kenneth Anger, and perhaps even Tom of Finland.
In their discussion of the black leather jacket as fashion and fetish, Alford and Ferriss quote from Larry Townsend's Leatherman's Handbook (1972) to demonstrate the erotic attraction of leather in general and riding kit in particular (p.185). The quote is from the opening paragraph of an entire chapter dedicated to the gay motorcycling scene (The Bike and its Owner, p.143-155).
Townsend writes: "Intrinsic to the leather scene is the motorcycle and the guy who rides it. The clothing we all find so appealing is primarily designed for the cyclist's use, and the organized in-groups are largely bike groups. There is no disputing the sexual appeal of a leather-clad rider on his great rumbling machine. As a symbol of phallic might the motorcyclist is the epitome, the living embodiment of our fetish" (p.143).
Townsend was an early leader and spokesman for both gay rights and sexual freedom (i.e. sadomasochism). To judge from the motorcycling parts of the chapter, he was a biker at one time himself. Townsend explains the relationship between the organized riding clubs and the eventual organization of the s/m scene, often referred to as leather, and hence the title of the book. The clubs were recognized by the AMA until institutional homophobia drove them away.
It's little wonder that the gay biker look, whether just for riding or other possibilities, is credited by some for helping establish the gay clone look of the black leather jacket and blue Levis, later adapted by straight boys who wanted to suggest that they might, just might want A Walk on the Wild Side.
It is not known how much Anger knew about the gay biker scene before he left for France in 1947 at the suggestion of Jean Cocteau, who would go on to create his own memorable image of eerie and elegant motorcyclists two years later in Orphée. When Anger returned permanently to the US in the early sixties, he drew upon that sub-culture for his cult classic, Scorpio Rising (1963), which features black-leather-clad bad-boy gay bikers sporting Nazi insignia. The film's ability to fetishize the leather and the bikes was quickly picked up by bikesploitation movies, carrying the image and the message of the black leather jacket to the mainstream once again.
Unlike the jacket itself, the erotic illustrations of Tom of Finland would have remained within the gay communities had it not been for Vivienne Westwood and Malcolm McLaren printing one of the pictures on T-shirts in their commodification of Punk. Tom of Finland began sketching pictures of men in tight-fitting uniforms – military and motorcycle – during the Nazi occupation of Finland. Peaked caps and leather jackets figure as prominently as exaggerated genitalia.
It didn't take that long for the fetish look to break into the mainstream, epitomized by women in black leather catsuits. In film, the most famous might be Marianne Faithfull who was 'naked under leather' in Girl on a Motorcycle (1968), sparking adolescent fantasies among a generation of schoolboys that were a lot more interesting than the film itself. The Avengers, starting five years earlier, did the same with first Honor Blackman (Cathy Gale) and then Diana Rigg (Emma Peel). Blackman, a former World War II dispatch rider, had no problems with leathers, while Rigg ditched hers after one year in favor of the knit 'EmmaPeeler'.
Interestingly, the original costume was rejected as too kinky. It made Steed's second look like a female Diabolik in heels. There were also conical inserts to accommodate breasts which anticipate Madonna's cone bra, designed by Jean Paul Gaultier for her 1990 Blonde Ambition tour, by a quarter of a century or so. Madonna has an updated version for her current MDNA tour while the original will be part of an exhibition about Gaultier at the Barbizon next year. The Avengers leather catsuit has been consigned to the dustbin of history.
The elements of fetishism, the mix of sex and street cred, rebellion and rock and roll, were not lost on rock and roll musicians, whatever the sub-genre. The motorcycle jacket went from protection against the road and the weather to an image of action and attitude. Gene Vincent, George Michael, David Bowie, Elvis Presley, and Freddy Mercury, among others, to build or consolidate their fan base.
It took Punk to mix fascist and fetish chic, lacing it with anarchy and nihilism. The black leather jacket, worn, if not torn, sometimes studded, was paired with jeans, always torn, often black, and heavy boots, usually Doc Martens. The white ripped T-shirt – which Farren suggests owes more to Brando in A Streetcar Named Desire than to Richard Hell on the streets of New York (p.81) – was often a billboard for political or pornographic words or images selected to confront and offend. Tom of Finland and the Nazis found a common canvas.
"For Punks in the street, the style was motivated as much by poverty as by rebellion and was distinguished by all kinds of DIY customization: cutting, lettering and safety-pinning, often evoking the anger of Dada, the French Situationists and even early Conceptual art, while foreshadowing postmodern deconstruction," Roberta Smith writes in the New York Times.
Needless to say, it was a Tom of Finland drawing of two near naked and aroused cowboys about to embrace that got Westwood and McLaren charged with an affront to public decency and not any of the purveyors of Nazi regalia.
Although leather clothing was shown by major designers by the 1920s, if not earlier – Jean Patou is but one example – Yves St Laurent was the first couturier to make it truly fashionable in the mid sixties. The black leather jackets of Punk were co-opted before Westwood and McLaren adopted it from New York's Warholian scene.
But as Smith observes: "At once trashy and sexy, Punk provided excellent slumming opportunities… A Moschino full-skirted dress made of shopping bags is a delightful party gag, one that, fittingly, evokes Marie Antoinette in shepherdess drag".
In terms of street wear, this became a casual, dressed-down, forever-young look. Now no couturier or pret-à-porter line would be complete without a black leather jacket.
Somehow that stack of twelve or so books grew to eighteen in the course of writing this piece. At this rate, I'm going to need a new place for all these books.
Farren's Black Leather Jacket is the best overall book on the subject. It's highly readable, well-illustrated, and, behind the breezy approach, better researched than usual. He wrote of his work in NME that "What the paper needed to complete the team was a gonzo alcoholic who knew the Bukowski-Thompson opening tactic of starting a story by describing the hangover". It's a fair description of the narrative style here as well, which quickly goes over the top and cheerfully stays there for the rest of its 96 pages. Describing Mad Max as "Cannibal Apaches on motorcycles" (p.88) is about as good a movie haiku review as it gets.
For him the black leather jacket – too often abbreviated as BLJ, which is not an obvious acronym, but is one letter shy of obscenity – is about protest and personal empowerment, its decorations about identity and idolatry. The term he uses to sum all that up is "magic", which is what is was for him from when he was small.
He ends up complaining about fashion boutiques that sell "decidedly unmagical leathers". Nevertheless he concludes, "Standard bikers wear the standard bike drag and the jackets get more worn, wrinkled and interesting right along with the faces of their owners…. On the gay strips the black leather jacket continues to hold its own…. The black leather jacket continues. At times it looks like it will go on forever" (p.96).
Recommended. If you want one book on the subject, this is probably the best choice.
Stuart's Rockers! (1987) covers the black leather jacket as part of its actual subject matter. The book was discussed in May as part of the Ace Cafe round-up. It is also a good choice for reading about the part the black leather jacket played in the lives of rockers, café racers, and other motorcyclists from the fifties to the seventies.
Stuart was something of an eminence grise (or perhaps noire) to Polhemus's exhibition and catalogue Street Style, even to the point of lending pieces from his own collection to the show. The influence shows. Polhemus presents some 40 different 'street styles', from the forties to the nineties, from zoot suits to grunge and beyond. His main thesis is that 'working class street style' dresses up (teds or mods), while 'middle class style' dresses down (folkies or rockers). Some of the styles he includes seem marginal (zazous or rockabilly), while others seem to be omitted (yuppie or preppie [Sloane ranger]). To a degree, the style you see depends upon the street that you walk.
Because he does note all styles that favor the black leather jacket in one form or another, the book provides an insight into how prevalent it's been and for how long. Eighteen of the styles he identifies use the black leather jacket as a sign/signifier of 'membership' in what he calls a styletribe. If I understand the requirements of each tribe, the jacket would not be unwelcome in close to half of the rest. The reader might well wonder why anyone would be surprised it became a fashion staple.
Ultimately, the book is more likely to be interesting to the fashionista than the motorcyclist. I'll just note it as important in the literature.
Considering how often I quote or refer to Alford and Ferriss's Motorcycle, it's a bit of a surprise that I've never actually reviewed or discussed it. That gap will be addressed another time. As for the book itself, it is recommended as the 'go-to' volume for any discussion about any aspect of motorcycling and popular culture. By necessity the sections on a particular aspect of motorbikes and popular culture will be brief – fashion, for example, counts for approximately 13 pages out of the book's total of 240 – but are quite informative.
The next seven books take a different view of the leather jacket. Rin Tanaka's Motorcycle Jackets: Ultimate Biker's Fashions (2003) and Motorcycle Jackets: A Century of Leather Design (2006); Jon A. Maguire's Silver Wings and Leather Jackets (2009); Maguire and John P. Conway's Art of the Flight Jacket (1995) and American Flight Jackets, second edition (2000); as well as Mick J. Prodger's Luftwaffe vs. RAF (1997) are all published by Schiffer, an imprint specializing in reference books for collectors, in this case flight and biker jackets.
The bulk of the books are pictures, with captions providing as full an identification as possible and, usually, values (prices) as well. Narrative sections are brief histories telling collectors what they need to know to be informed buyers. Each guide is prepared by some sort of expert in the field, either a dealer or a collector, and some are better than others. They are, in a way, coffee table books with solid research.
Some of the painted decorations on the flight jackets are fascinating, others beautiful (and not a few baffling), but too specialized for most. Maguire, Conway, and Prodger's four books are fun and informative, although the target market is for collectors of World War II memorabilia in general and bomber jackets in particular. As the ancestor of how black leather motorcycle jackets are decorated, it's not without historic interest. Recommended for completists and/or those with money to burn.
On the other hand, Tanaka's two books, along with his history of Schott (2013), creators of the Perfecto, are a different matter. A biker born in Japan, the California-based Tanaka is fascinated by post-war fashion in general and motorcycle apparel and accessories in particular. He has produced a regular stream of books, some self-published, some published by Schiffer, including two devoted to vintage and contemporary motorcycle jackets. Those books include old boots, gloves, helmets, kidney belts, and riding breeches as well. There is also a separate volume dedicated to old helmets.
Tanaka started his research in 1994 when he realized that there were no books about old motorcycle jackets, or as we academic types would phrase it, when he realized there was a gap in the literature. His concept, at least in A Century of Leather Design, is to examine both the culture and the industry. Ultimately, the books are more about the products and the companies that manufactured them than the times in which they were produced.
Unfortunately, many of the companies were small and did not last for more than one generation. The records and histories are difficult to find, if not lost forever. Tanaka openly asks readers several times in both volumes to email him with additional information.
Leather Design is in its second edition. Ultimate Biker's Fashions was produced between Leather Design's first and second editions as a supplement and interim update. While each book stands on its own, Leather Design is more the field and price guide; Biker's Fashions, more the history and anecdotes. Since the books are to a high degree interchangeable, they will be discussed together.
Both books round up the usual suspects to thank for help and contributions. Farren, Harris, Stuart, and, of course, the Ace Cafe's Mark Wilsmore, for whom contributing to such projects as this constitutes an occupational hazard. Despite the iconic status of the Schott Perfecto, Leather Design is dedicated to Joseph Buegeleisen, whose company, Buco, manufactured the J-24, which Tanaka describes as "[t]he coolest motorcycle jacket of the century".
Both books provide an overview of the history of styles and materials from zippers replacing buttons to steerhide replacing horsehide. Tanaka writes in Leather Design: "Motorcycle fashions have always set trends for each era. The D-Pocket jacket became the predominant style in late 1940s, but it was expelled from its popular position by Marlon Brando's One-Star jacket after 1953" (p.37).
Citing such companies as Schott Brothers in New York and Leathertogs in Everett, Massachusetts, Tanaka suggests that "the American motorcycle jacket was born in the Northeast" (Leather Design, p.10). Given the overall history of the United States, that is probable without being conclusive.
He begins his history of the motorcycle jacket in the Edwardian age, which, while not inconsistent with the 1915 date, does suggest that the centennial of the black leather jacket may have passed unnoticed. Tanaka describes the first jackets as having a simple two-pocket style in front and plain back with no pleats. By the thirties the style has changed, becoming more like what we think of when we think of a motorcycle jacket. The front has a 'W' collar and a diagonal zipper, while the back has a center pleat and a 'bi-swing' design. By the fifties, the pleat has been abandoned in favor of a kidney panel with belt loops.
Tanaka presents the fifties as the Golden Age of motorcycle jackets. Certainly the brands have as much magic (in Farren's sense) as the jackets themselves: Schott, Buco, Langlitz, Indian, and Harley-Davidson. Both motorcycle companies produced extensive – and now highly collectible – clothing and accessories for their customers.
He also notes the individual decoration of the jackets: "In motorcycle jackets 'kustom' means painting what you want to express, sewing patches on your jacket that proclaims your identity, and adding decorative studs with your own hands" (Biker's Fashions, p.96).
The sixties brought the one or two-piece racing suit, with local racers supporting local manufacturers, who provided a more conventional custom or bespoke product. The leather racing jacket comes into its own, as do jackets in colors other than black or brown. Yellow was a popular color, and not just with Yamaha.
Tanaka's favorite of this period may be ABC Leathers. "The most excellent leather designer, who rendered the greatest achievement in American racing history, is a woman named Clarice Amberg of ABC Leathers in South Gate, California" (Biker's Fashions, p.186). His English frequently goes south but charm, accuracy and enthusiasm make up for a lot.
Amberg, who was also known for her lip-shaped logo, customized racing suits for the likes of American racing legend Kenny Roberts. However, her most notable achievement may have been for Easy Rider (1969). Peter Fonda told Tanaka, "My jacket was custom-made by a lady at ABC" (Biker's Fashions, 186).
The books continue up to contemporary manufacturers and bespoke tailors. Vanson Leathers, Fall River, Massachusetts, gets a long write-up as does the older, more venerable Langlitz Leathers, Portland, Oregon. A legend in the Pacific Northwest, Langlitz is more toward the bespoke end, with limited general production and such special commissions as 45 flight jackets ordered by Neil Young to commemorate his 1986 Crazy Horse Tour with his staff and friends.
Other companies have an even more limited production and customer base. As Tanaka notes in Leather Design: "[L]ots of Hollywood celebrities discovered these craftsmen and ordered special jackets for movies, stage costumes, and their private motorcycle recreation" (p.265). Chrome Hearts, for example, counts Cher and Madonna, Iggy Pop and Eric Clapton among its clients.
The books are an excellent overview of the history of the motorcycle jacket in the United States, which may make them of limited interest for British readers. Yes, Lewis Leathers is mentioned. As is Mascot and Belstaff. And all favorably. But the products did not exactly penetrate the American market, to be kind about it. And in one of Tanaka's rare errors, he identifies Ton-Up Boys as ex-Rockers. The chronological reversal aside, I didn't know there was such a thing as an ex-Rocker.
Recommended for those who want a history of the black leather jacket that specifically deals with the motorcycling life. Caveat for those who want to collect jackets. Prices are already out of date by the time a guide rolls off the press and the emphasis here is on American product lines.
Tanaka's Schott: 100 Years of an American Original is a company history celebrating its centennial. Given Schott's claim that it invented the motorcycle jacket and Tanaka position as 'the' expert in motorcycle jackets, it's a match made in public relations heaven.
The book celebrates all things Schott. It's not a book to learn about Schott's rivals or reversals, but to look at vintage photographs, giggle at how dated old advertising is, and smile at amusing anecdotes.
The company – identified alternately as Schott Brothers or Schott N.Y.C. – was founded in New York's Lower East Side in 1913. Within a couple of years its factory had been moved to Staten Island, and a few years later to New Jersey, where it remains to this day. Most born Manhattanites regard Staten Island as part of New Jersey, but for an accident of American politics, making "Schott N.Y.C." questionable at best. Regardless, Schott is the only reason anyone would have to visit Perth Amboy.
Schott of course doesn't just claim credit for the Perfecto, but inventing the motorcycle jacket itself in 1928 at the request of a Harley-Davidson dealership on Long Island. Irving named it the Perfecto after his favorite Cuban cigar. Close to a quarter of a century later, someone working on the costumes for The Wild Ones purchased a One-Star from Schott's shop in Los Angeles. The rest is history, which is covered in a double-page spread. And, yes, this would mean that while the black leather jacket is about 100 years old, the black leather motorcycle jacket is close behind it at 85.
Of course, Dean and Brando weren't the only celebrities to wear what to many is THE black leather motorcycle jacket. Tanaka happily lists such bold names as Slash, Lou Reed, Lady Gaga, Johnny Rotten, and Bruce Springsteen. Such bands as The Ramones and The Beastie Boys even made the jacket part of their stage presence.
The company history itself includes the family tree, from Irving (who founded Schott with his brother, Jack) to his descendants – the great-grandchildren Jason, Oren and David – who are still involved with the firm. Every label ever used gets a nice photo spread and even non-motorcycle product lines through the years are covered. Such special collections as James Dean or Kenny Rogers get sections of their own.
Because the book presents pictures and pictures of Schott products and advertising along with family and old corporate shots, it's essentially a coffee table item with an 'official tale' of the company's success. To be fair, a successful business that has been in the family for a century is something to be proud of, at least in this day and age in North America. Most have closed or been bought out. I'm a little surprised that the local media here hasn't made more of the anniversary.
Nevertheless, the book itself appeals mostly to those for whom Schott has special significance, probably a collector of motorcycle jackets in general and Schott in particular.
The rest of the books are problematic to a greater or lesser extent. The Leather Book covers not just the black leather jacket, but also anything ever made of leather: bags, shoes, luggage, upholstery, saddles… It covers how leather is made from skin as well as the different kinds of skin used to make leather. Ultimately it focuses on industry statistics, with the emphasis on luxury goods – Hermes, J.P. Tod's – though Schott and Doc Martens are covered as well.
Unlike the luxury goods it admires and promotes, the book itself is shoddily produced. Careless translation is compounded by careless printing. Page 186 in the edition I read was still in French, untranslated into English. Page 148 credits Edith Piaf with the lyrics to a song Quilleriet claims is called The Man on the Bike. The song was written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller and is called Black Denim Trousers. The French translation, which Piaf recorded, is called L'homme à la moto.
Worse, instead of going back to the original English lyrics, the translators, Simon Pleasance and Fronza Woods, translate the French translation into English. "He wore black denim trousers and motorcycle boots, And a black leather jacket with an eagle on the back, He had a hopped-up 'cycle' that took off like a gun, That fool was the terror of Highway 101" becomes "He wore biker pants and boots, and a black leather jacket with an eagle on the back. His bike, which took off like a cannonball, sowed terror throughout the region". Crediting Piaf for Leiber and Stoller's song is common among European researchers, and no less irritating for all that. The translation however violates the Geneva convention. Not recommended.
The Leatherman's Handbook does have interesting information about the image and the history of motorcycles and gay bikers in certain times and places. Townsend, an industrial psychologist, has taken care with his research. It is however incidental to the main point of the book, which is how to become a sado-masochist. Recommended for those who like to have spanners tossed into their works.
Leather Jackets, part of a series called Hamlyn 20th Century Style, would be called a coffee-table book if its size weren't more appropriate for a cigarette table. Essentially a nice but predictable selection of photos, and virtually no text beyond the brief captions. I'm not sure good editing would have saved this book from being marginal, but a caption asking whether Jim Morrison of The Doors can be taken seriously in his leather pants is accompanied by a photo of Morrison from the waist up (39) doesn't help matters. Not recommended.
Punk: Chaos to Couture is the exhibition catalogue to the Costume Institute's show at the Metropolitan Museum. It has a bad introduction by Andrew Bolton; a good essay by Richard Hell; a disingenuous one by John Lydon; and solid piece by Jon Savage that's well-worth reading. The exhibition itself began with a recreation of the unisex restroom at CBGB's before going on to how Punk was co-opted by haute couture, essentially going from the pissoir to the piss elegant. Sadly, Savage's essay doesn't save the catalogue from being a waste of money. Not recommended.
Or Glory: 21st Century Rockers is the edited, paperback version of Pride and Glory: The Art of the Rockers' Jacket. Essentially a photo-essay of, well, the studded, patched, and painted jackets worn by Rockers new and old, male and female, some with their bike, some without. Friedrichs attempts to make his Rocker subjects raw and real, and for the most part succeeds. Other shots are a little too studied, too posed the camera, too ready for the close-up. The paperback is a better deal aesthetically and financially. The shorter cheaper format forced Friedrichs to edit, making for a visually tighter series of photographs at about a third of the price. Recommended for the Rockers and the Rocker wannabes.
Meanwhile, my leather jacket has come back from the tailor, pocket repaired, ready for more years of abuse, until the jacket has more character than I do.
jonathanb@theridersdigest.co.uk
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text:
Manasa Tugia
Fijian politician
Manasa Tugia is a former Fijian politician, who served as Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives from 2005 to 2006, Chairman of Parliament's Justice, Law, and Order Committee, and leading member of the Conservative Alliance, a right-wing political party.
This article about a political figure is a stub. You can help Wikiquote by expanding it.
Parliamentary speech, 5 August 2003Edit
Source: Daily Post, 5 August 2003. The speech relates to the constitutional provisions for a compulsory multi-party Cabinet, which Tugia opposes.
We know that the simplistic, almost childlike naivety or perhaps the intellectual senility of the architects of this concept have not taken into consideration the practical difficulties and impracticalities of sharing power for the sake of sharing power in our society with political parties that are diametrical opposed to each other.
The reality of a democracy is that the political party with a majority in Parliament has the mandate to run the country for a selected number of years because of popular choice - that is the nature of good democracy. "The other political parties are left as opposition parties as alternative Government.
It (a multi-party cabinet) will waste a lot of public funds, and make up for a weak and unstable Government through internal bickering, and brinkmanship that could see shifting alliance in Government, rising and falling coalition that will undermine the stability of Government. This will have adverse effects on the levels of confidence in the country which certainly will manifest itself in many forms including declining investor confidence and lowering the morale of the citizenry at large.
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text:
Q: R: How to install package tiff on Mac OS X Mavericks? I'd like to install package tiff from rforge (http://www.rforge.net/tiff/index.html) on Mac OS X Mavericks.
R-Version is
    > version
                   _
    platform       x86_64-apple-darwin13.1.0
    arch           x86_64
    os             darwin13.1.0
    system         x86_64, darwin13.1.0
    status
    major          3
    minor          1.0
    year           2014
    month          04
    day            10
    svn rev        65387
    language       R
    version.string R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10)
    nickname       Spring Dance

Trying to install it I get the following error:
    > install.packages("tiff","http://rforge.net/",type="source")
    Warning in install.packages :
      'lib = "http://rforge.net/"' is not writable
    Would you like to use a personal library instead?  (y/n) y
    versuche URL 'http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/tiff_0.1-5.tar.gz'
    Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 28925 bytes (28 Kb)
    URL geöffnet
    ==================================================
    downloaded 28 Kb

    * installing *source* package 'tiff' ...
    ** Paket 'tiff' erfolgreich entpackt und MD5 Summen überprüft
    ** libs
    clang -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include    -fPIC  -Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2  -c common.c -o common.o
    In file included from common.c:1:
    ./common.h:5:10: fatal error: 'tiff.h' file not found
    #include <tiff.h>
             ^
    1 error generated.
    make: *** [common.o] Error 1
    ERROR: compilation failed for package 'tiff'
    * removing '/Users/stingl/Library/R/3.1/library/tiff'
    Warning in install.packages :
      installation of package 'tiff' had non-zero exit status

    The downloaded source packages are in
      '/private/var/folders/8_/1kgvxblj3ss4pzmsgx3pkysc0000gn/T/RtmpYmsCmF/downloaded_packages'

Any ideas?

A: If you've got macports or homebrew installed, you should use them to install libtiff.
Here's what you need to run to install libtiff using homebrew:
brew install libtiff

After this is done, you can install the tiff package in R:
install.packages("tiff", type="source")

Cheers,
George

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi ( ; ) or Arkhyp Kuindzhi (; 27 January 1841 – 24 July 1910) was a landscape painter from the Russian Empire of Pontic Greek descent from the area of Mariupol (modern-day East Ukraine). Kuindzhi was one of the best friends of Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleev with whom he collaborated on color studies.

Date of birth
Kuindzhi's exact date of birth is not known. Although it was believed that he was born in 1842, the latest discoveries in archives suggest that he was born in 1841. Kuindzhi himself, when asked by St. Petersburg Academy of Arts to clarify his date of birth, "clearly wrote 1841, then, with doubt, January, and then several times crossed out the month".

The researchers believe he was born somewhere between January and March 1841. The commonly recognized date is January 27, although Kuindzhi celebrated his name day on February 19 O.S. (March 4 N.S.), on the feast of Archippus.

Biography
Arkhip Kuindzhi was born in Mariupolsky Uyezd (one of the subdivisions of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate of the Russian Empire) but spent his youth in the city of Taganrog. His Christian name is a Russian rendering of the Greek, Ἄρχιππος, (Archippos, from ἄρχος (archos) "master" and ἱππος (hippos) "horse": "master of horses"; cf. Colossians 4:17, Philemon 1:2) and his surname came from his grandfather's vocational nickname meaning 'goldsmith' in Crimean Tatar (). He grew up in a poor family; his father was a Pontic Greek shoemaker, Ivan Khristoforovich Kuindzhi (elsewhere Emendzhi). Arkhip was six years old when he lost his parents, so he was forced to make a living working at a church building site, grazing domestic animals, and working at the corn merchant's shop. He received the rudiments of an education from a Greek friend of the family who was a teacher and then went to the local school.

In 1855, at age 13–14, Kuindzhi visited Feodosia to study art under Ivan Aivazovsky, however, he was engaged merely with mixing paints and instead studied with Adolf Fessler, Aivazovsky's student. A 1903 encyclopedic article stated: "Although Kuindzhi cannot be called a student of Aivazovsky, the latter had without doubt some influence on him in the first period of his activity; from whom he borrowed much in the manner of painting." English art historian John E. Bowlt wrote that "the elemental sense of light and form associated with Aivazovsky's sunsets, storms, and surging oceans permanently influenced the young Kuindzhi."

During the five years from 1860 to 1865, Arkhip Kuindzhi worked as a retoucher in the photography studio of Simeon Isakovich in Taganrog.  He tried to open his own photography studio, but without success. After that Kuindzhi left Taganrog for Saint Petersburg.

He studied painting mainly independently and at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (from 1868; a full member since 1893). He was co-partner of travelling art exhibitions (Peredvizhniki), a group of realist artists of Russian Empire who in protest to academic restrictions formed an artists' cooperative which evolved into the Society for Traveling Art Exhibitions (Peredvizhniki) in 1870.

In 1872 the artist left the academy and worked as a freelancer. The painting On the Valaam Island was the first artwork which Pavel Tretyakov acquired for his art gallery. In 1873 Kuindzhi exhibited his painting The Snow which received the bronze medal at the International Art Exhibition in London in 1874. In the middle of the 1870s he created a number of paintings in which the landscape motif was designed for concrete social associations in the spirit of Peredvizhniki (Forgotten Village, 1874; Chumatski Path, 1875; both – in the Tretyakov Gallery).

In his mature period Kuindzhy aspired to capture the most expressive illuminative aspect of the natural condition. He applied composite receptions (high horizon, etc.), creating panoramic views. Using light effects and intense colors shown in main tones, he depicted the illusion of illumination (Evening in Ukraine, 1876; The Birch Grove, 1879; After a Thunderstorm, 1879; all three are in the Tretyakov Gallery; Moonlit Night on the Dnieper, 1880 in the Russian Museum, St. Petersburg). His later works are remarkable for their decorative effects of color building.

Kuindzhi lectured at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (Professor since 1892; professor-head of landscape workshop since 1894; but was fired in 1897 for support of students' protests). Among his students were artists such as Arkady Rylov, Nicholas Roerich, Konstantin Bogaevsky, and others. Kuindzhi initiated the creation of the Society of Artists (1909; later – the Society was named after A.I. Kuindzhi).

Theft and potential destruction of work
In January 2019, his work Ai-Petri. Crimea was stolen from Moscow's Tretyakov Gallery, but was found and safely recovered the next day. The man who stole the painting was sentenced to three years in prison.

In March 2022, it was reported that the Kuindzhi Art Museum had been destroyed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the siege of Mariupol. The museum had housed three of Kuindzhi's works; Red Sunset, Elbrus and Autumn, which were believed to have been removed from the museum but not confirmed.

Tribute

On 27 January 2022, Google Doodle celebrated Arkhip Kuindzhi's 180th birthday.

Gallery

See also

 List of Russian artists

References

V.S. Manin Arkhip Ivanovich Kuinji, Leningrad, 1990,

External links
 Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi (1842-1910)
 Kuindzhi - Artist of Light
 Collection — GTG

1841 births
1910 deaths
People from Mariupol
People from Yekaterinoslav Governorate
Russian people of Greek descent
Peredvizhniki
19th-century painters from the Russian Empire
Russian male painters
20th-century Russian painters
Russian landscape painters
Landscape artists
Imperial Academy of Arts alumni
Burials at Tikhvin Cemetery
19th-century male artists from the Russian Empire
Full Members of the Imperial Academy of Arts
19th-century Greek painters
20th-century Russian male artists
Artists from Taganrog

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
LIFE programme: over €280 million in EU funding for environment, nature and climate action projects
The European Commission has approved an investment package of more than €280 million from the EU budget for over 120 new LIFE programme projects, an amount representing a 37% increase compared to last year. The EU fnding will be made to a wide range of projects on environment, natüre and climate action.
The European Commission has approved an investment package of more than €280 million from the EU budget for over 120 new LIFE programme projects. This EU funding will trigger total investments of nearly €590 million to help meet these projects' ambitious goals for environment, nature, and climate action. This amount represents a 37% rise compared to last year.
The projects will help to achieve the European Green Deal objectives by supporting the EU Biodiversity Strategy and the Circular Economy Action Plan, contributing to the green recovery from the Coronavirus pandemic, and helping Europe become a climate-neutral continent by 2050, among others. Many of the new projects are cross-country projects involving several Member States.
Frans Timmermans, Executive Vice-President for the European Green Deal said: "The European Green Deal is our roadmap to a green, inclusive, and resilient Europe. LIFE projects epitomise these values as they bring together Member States for the protection of our environment, the restoration of nature, and support of biodiversity. I'm looking forward to the results of these new projects."
Virginijus Sinkevičius, Commissioner for the Environment, Oceans and Fisheries added: "LIFE projects can really make a tangible difference on the ground. They bring solutions to some of the most serious challenges of our time such as climate change, loss of nature and unsustainable use of resources. If replicated across the EU at speed and scale, they can help the EU achieve its ambitious EU Green Deal goals and contribute to building a greener and more resilient Europe for all of us, but also for generations to come."
Approximately €220 million are allocated to a wide range of projects on environment and resource efficiency, nature and biodiversity, and environmental governance and information and over €60 million to support climate change mitigation, adaptation and governance and information projects.
This includes major investments aimed at protecting and enhancing Europe's biodiversity. Projects such as restoring peatlands – unique ecosystems home to many highly adapted, rare and threatened species – will contribute to the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy. Peatlands are also an important carbon sink, and can boost Europe's drive toward climate neutrality by 2050.
The LIFE projects also support reducing energy consumption in new buildings, in line with the recently launched EU Renovation Wave Strategy. Funds will go into developing universal and affordable low-carbon solution that could reduce energy consumption in all new buildings by up to 40%.
Funds will also go towards projects that prevent food waste and lead to improved waste management in line with the new EU's Circular Economy Action Plan.
Financial resources are also being earmarked for numerous projects that will help energy-intensive industries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Commission's ambitious Climate Target Plan and our climate neutrality objective.
The numbers in brief
34 LIFE nature & biodiversity projects will support the implementation of the EU Birds and Habitats Directives as well as the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2030. They have a total budget of €221 million, of which the EU will pay €133 million.
47 LIFE environment and resource efficiency projects will mobilise €208 million, of which the EU will provide €76 million. These projects cover actions in five areas: air, environment and health, resource efficiency and circular economy, waste, and water.
8 LIFE environmental governance and information projects of nearly €17 million with just over €9 million EU contribution will raise awareness of environmental issues among the wider public and help public authorities to promote, monitor and enforce compliance with EU environmental legislation.
16 LIFE climate change mitigation projects will have a total budget of approximately €86 million, of which just under €32 million from the EU.
15 LIFE climate change adaptation projects will mobilise €50 million, €26 million of which will come from EU funds.
3 LIFE climate governance and information projects will improve governance and raise awareness about climate change with a total budget of €7 million of which the EU is contributing just under €4 million.
The projects were selected among more than 1250 applications submitted under the LIFE 2019 call for proposals, published in April 2019. The LIFE Programme is the EU's funding instrument for the environment and climate action. It has been running since 1992 and has co-financed more than 5 500 projects across the EU and in third countries. At any given moment, some 1 100 projects are in progress. The budget for 2014–2020 is set at €3.4 billion in current prices. For the next long-term EU budget 2021-2027, the Commission is proposing to increase LIFE funding by almost 60%.
EU ensures continued supply of medicines to Northern Ireland, as well as Cyprus, Ireland and Malta
EU-UK relations: Ensure continued supply of medicines


Free-Weights are the Most Effective and Quickest method of Gaining MuscleStrengthand attaining a Permanent Fat Loss Solution through Increased Metabolism. Free Weights vs. Exercise Machines is no Contest. Free-Weight work Muscle Groups in all Planes of Motion with a Greater Range of Motion. Free Weight Workouts offer even more beneficial for Women; Weight Training Thickens and Strengthens Bones it is Absolutely the Most Effective Defense against Osteoporosis, vastly Superior to any Supplements or other form of Exercise.


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text:
/***************************************************************************
 *   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 *   it  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version  *
 *   2.1 as published by the Free Software Foundation.                     *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but   *
 *   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of            *
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU     *
 *   Lesser General Public License for more details.                       *
 *                                                                         *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public      *
 *   License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software   *
 *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  *
 *   USA                                                                   *
 ***************************************************************************/

using System;

namespace TagLib
{
    public class StringList : ListBase<string>
    {
        public StringList()
        {
        }

        public StringList(string str)
        {
            Add(str);
        }

        public StringList(StringList list)
        {
            Add(list);
        }
        public StringList(string [] array)
        {
            Add(array);
        }

        public StringList(ByteVectorList vectorList, StringType type)
        {
            foreach(ByteVector vector in vectorList) {
                Add(vector.ToString(type));
            }
        }

        public StringList(ByteVectorList vectorList) : this(vectorList, StringType.UTF8)
        {
        }

        public static StringList Split(string str, string pattern)
        {
            StringList list = new StringList();

            int previous_position = 0;
            int position = str.IndexOf(pattern, 0);
            int pattern_length = pattern.Length;

            while(position != -1) {
                list.Add(str.Substring(previous_position, position - previous_position));
                previous_position = position + pattern_length;
                position = str.IndexOf(pattern, previous_position);
            }

            list.Add(str.Substring(previous_position));

            return list;
        }
    }
}


In this guide we'll show you how to manipulate live phone calls using Ruby. We'll also cover how to retrieve information about in progress and completed calls from your Twilio account.
We'll use Twilio's Ruby SDK in these examples to interact with the Twilio REST API's Calls endpoint.
But sometimes you need to change a live phone call outside of Twilio's normal request-response cycle. For those cases, you can use "@call.update()" to tell Twilio to immediately change the TwiML it's using in a phone call.
Check out our tutorials to see full implementations of Twilio Voice in Ruby with Sinatra and Rails.


text:
An Eventful Year Ahead
January is a month of transition, leaving behind the old year and commencing the new. Here at Canadian Environmental Law Association (CELA), we've been reflecting on the successes of last year, the gratitude we have for our client communities, our many diverse types of supporters, our funders, and the work in the courts and in law reform that are ahead in 2022.
We are pleased to share our recently released 2021 annual report with you.
As a legal aid clinic dedicated to environmental equity, justice and health, CELA has joined many calls for green and just recovery over the last two years. We recognize that the pandemic has revealed many social inequities, often mirrored in the disproportionate impact on the health and environments of low-income, disadvantaged, and vulnerable communities.
2021 saw CELA involved in cases protecting drinking water and opposing air pollution, calling for better protection from lead and PFAS in drinking water, and pushing for better implementation of our environmental assessment laws. CELA's work is amplified through your support to the CELA Foundation.
Only a few weeks into 2022, and our lawyers and paralegals are already busy with many important cases. On behalf of Grassy Narrows First Nation, we are challenging Ontario's decision to issue mining exploration permits in their territory. On behalf of Kebaowek First Nation, we are monitoring a federal impact assessment for a pipeline that could impact environmental resources and health and safety in their unceded territory.
CELA will continue to push for the protection of Indigenous rights as Canada proceeds with the Regional Assessment and impact assessments for mineral development projects in the Ring of Fire. We will continue to advocate for climate impacts to be at the forefront of environmental and impact assessments for new mining developments, including our representation of Environment North for a proposed palladium mine in the Lake Superior watershed and collaborative efforts with ENGOs to ensure a new gold mine near Kirkland Lake undergoes a full impact assessment.
On behalf of Citizens Against Radioactive Neighbourhoods, CELA is seeking a judicial review that is key to protecting vulnerable communities from environmental harm, particularly elementary school children who attend school beside the nuclear facility.
For a more fulsome list of CELA's cases in 2022, refer to this blog post.
CELA's work on law reform seeks to change policies that disproportionally impact low-income people and disadvantaged communities, and to assist and empower those same communities to have a greater role in decision-making that affects them.
CELA will continue to advocate for better protection of vulnerable communities in Ontario from the impacts of climate change, to call for a federal Office of Environmental Equity, and to push for improvements in regulatory oversight of polluting industries and major projects that threaten the environmental health and safety of the surrounding communities
Our work on freshwater and Great Lakes includes advocating for the full implementation of Ontario's Clean Water Act, proactively supporting the critical role of conservation authorities, and calling for Ontario's drinking water framework to be strengthened to better protect vulnerable communities, especially children, from the detrimental impacts of lead in drinking water.
Public Legal Education
Last year CELA hosted over a dozen webinars and published numerous toolkits and resources on a variety of topics, including Indigenous and Treaty Rights, freshwater policy, toxic chemicals, and environmental assessment. 2022 will hopefully see a return to some in-person meetings, though we will continue to offer digital sessions – a number of webinars and workshops are already planned for February. We're working on a new toolkit for 2022, specific to establishing Indigenous-led and governed Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas – a recognized means of protecting Indigenous rights, lands and biodiversity.
This is just a brief summary and snapshot of the many cases, law reform efforts, research projects, and education and outreach initiatives that CELA is undertaking in 2022, alongside many valued partners and collaborators. For more detail on all this important work, please read the full blog post on our website.
Photo Credit – CELA Collection
Ring of Fire & Protecting Indigenous and Treaty Rights
CELA stands with the Friends of the Attawapiskat River in calling for the protection of inherent Indigenous rights and the waters of the Hudson and James Bay lowlands. You can take action now – let Canada and Ontario know that developing the Ring of Fire will lead to unprecedented cumulative impacts and threaten the land that has been home to Indigenous nations since time immemorial. Click here to send a letter now.
For more information about the Regional Assessment currently underway for the Ring of Fire, read this backgrounder prepared by CELA and the Friends of the Attawapiskat River.
Photo Credit – Kerrie Blaise
Energy Efficiency for All Canadians
No Canadian household should have to choose between eating, heating, and other essentials. Yet this is an everyday reality for the more than 2.8 million Canadian households that spend a disproportionate amount on their home energy costs. There is an urgent need for the Federal Government to take a leadership position in expanding the scale and scope of low-income energy efficiency funding.
CELA and Low-Income Energy Network (LIEN) have signed on to a letter written by Efficiency Canada to strongly encourage the Federal Government to include funding for energy efficiency for lower income households in the 2022 budget, and to tie this funding to the following best practices. To take part in this important campaign, click here to sign on to the open letter, ask your MP for their support, or share it on social media!
Specialty Clinic Coalition Intervenes in Supreme Court Appeal
In order to safeguard access to justice for low-income persons and vulnerable or disadvantaged communities, CELA joined five other specialty legal clinics in intervening in an important appeal in the Supreme Court of Canada. The appeal arises from a B.C. judgment, and focuses on the proper application of the test for granting public interest standing to groups or organizations that launch legal proceedings in relation to legislative, regulatory or administrative matters. The appeal was heard in mid-January 2022 and the Court has reserved its decision.
*Note that there was an error in the email version of the above case description that was circulated. The above text is corrected and accurate
Community Group Receives Municipal Award
Congratulations are in order to the Citizens Against Radioactive Neighbourhoods (CARN) who recently received a Community Betterment award by the City of Peterborough for their advocacy related to uranium pelleting concerns in the city. CELA is representing CARN in a legal challenge of a licensing decision by Canada's nuclear safety regulator, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC).
Citizens Against Radioactive Neighbourhoods (CARN)
Law Reform Updates
Groups Raise Concerns about Ontario's Draft Project List Regulation
Ontario's Environment Ministry has recently solicited public comments on its proposed regulatory list of projects that will require a Comprehensive Environmental Assessment under the amended Environmental Assessment Act.
Among other things, CELA's review of the draft regulation revealed that too many environmentally significant projects were omitted from the proposed list. Accordingly, CELA and nine other organizations jointly submitted a letter that requests the Ministry to make various revisions to the draft regulation, including an expansion of the project types that will be subject to Part II.3 of the Act.
Tracking Heat-Related Deaths
CELA student Conrad Oliver wrote a compelling blog about the need for the Ontario coroner to track heat-related deaths in order to accurately understand extreme heat and climate change impacts on vulnerable populations.
In anticipation of Ontario's review of the Great Lakes Strategy, CELA has submitted a letter with recommendations to the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks. CELA was an active participant in the consultations that led to the establishment of the Strategy in 2016.
SMR's Have No Place in the Net Zero 2030 Plan
In response to the Government of Canada's engagement on Canada's 2030 Emission Reduction Plan, CELA submitted a letter emphasizing that nuclear Small Modular Reactors should not be part of the path to net-zero. Read the full letter here.
Water Guidelines
CELA and Swim Drink Fish Canada recently provided comments on the draft Guidelines for Canadian Recreational Water Quality. Contaminated recreational water quality is a significant public health and environmental issue across the country.
It's Raining "Forever Chemicals" Across the Great Lakes
PFAS, the "Forever Chemicals", are not on the public radar in Canada – but they should be. Research shows their prevalence around the Great Lakes, and that it's a growing problem across Canada. CELA and the Toxics-Free Great Lakes Binational Network (TFGLBN) have released a toolkit about PFAS, including a map of PFAS contamination, and how you can learn more and reduce your exposure to these hazardous chemicals.
In a joint effort, the TFGLBN, CELA, NorthWatch, Health Environmental Justice Support and Clean Production Action submitted a petition to the Office of the Auditor General on PFAS, seeki more information on PFAS levels in Canada. The petitioners are reviewing the responses received from the federal government and will keep the public updated on this issue. For more information, visit the law reform information page on our website.
Inside CELA
2021 Clawbies Award
If we may toot our own horns for a moment, CELA is proud to have been awarded a Clawbie Award as one of the best law blogs of 2021. The award cited our blog as examing "a remarkable range of topics through an environmental law lens, from lead in drinking water and environmental racism to energy justice and carbon pricing. Canada's environmental challenges are daunting, but this blog reminds us there are dedicated professionals working for change". Thank you to the Canadian Law Blog Awards for the recognition!
Webinar – Intervening at Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission Hearings
Monday, February 7, 2022 – 6:00-7:30pm (AST)
CELA and the Coalition for Responsible Energy Development in New Brunswick invite you to an evening workshop where the public will have an opportunity to learn about the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission's intervention process.
NB Power is asking for a 25-year licence renewal for its Point Lepreau nuclear generating station. Learn more about your environmental rights and how citizens and groups can submit a written or oral 'intervention' at the hearing. Intervening before the Commission is the public's way of participating in decisions relating to the licensing of Canada's nuclear facilities
This workshop will prepare members of the public to provide written and oral comments to the Commission for the licence renewal hearing of NB Power's Point Lepreau Nuclear Generating Station.
Webinar – Environmental Rights and Participation
February 4, 2022 – 6:30-7:30pm (EST)
Environmental assessment is a crucial "look before you leap" tool, allowing us to study and understand the human, social and environmental impacts of a project before development begins. In this webinar, we invite you to learn about the federal environmental assessment process and how it can be used to advance environmental justice in your community.
Drawing on the upcoming public hearing for a palladium mining project, proposed for Northern Ontario in the Lake Superior watershed, we will review the EA process and how individuals and community groups can participate.
Presentation – Climate Change and the Law
CELA lawyer Rick Lindgren made a presentation about climate change litigation during a webinar held by the Canadian Association of the Club of Rome. His presentation is available on our website.
Book Chapter – Key Developments in Environmental Law
CELA lawyers Joe Castrilli and Rick Lindgren have written chapters in the recently published Key Developments in Environmental Law 2021. Joe's chapter addresses the Supreme Court of Canada's judgment on the federal carbon pricing law, while Rick's chapter summarizes the constitutional reference held by the Alberta Court of Appeal on the federal Impact Assessment Act.
Looking for a Publication?
In addition to the search function on our website, all our publications are listed in reverse chronological order on our website here, or you can view a full list here. Looking for an older publication? CELA's archives contain all of CELA's documents up until 2017.
You might also be interested in perusing the library housed by the CELA Foundation. The CELA Foundation website is also home to the Environmental History Program, which includes interesting projects such as Environmental Beginnings and all the publications from the former Environmental Commissioner of Ontario.


text:
Metroid Dread Has Been Leaked Online Ahead Of This Week's Launch
Image: Nintendo
Update [Tue 5th Oct, 2021 05:30 BST]: Well, it seems more than just footage of Metroid Dread has been leaked online ahead of this week's launch. Here's a bit more information courtesy of the Nintendo dataminer OatlmealDome:
[Metroid Dread]
The game leaked a few hours ago on the Internet.
– Codename appears to be "cazadora" (Spanish for "huntress").
– The game engine is something I've never seen before.
– Interestingly, all of the game parameters appears to be contained in an 86kb config.ini file. pic.twitter.com/YnBNXHMnUb
— OatmealDome (@OatmealDome) October 5, 2021
And as usual, no download links from me. I'm going to play on release day with everyone else. (Still need to finish up my Super Metroid playthrough anyway…)
Be careful of spoilers, everyone!
Original story [Sun 3rd Oct, 2021 08:05 BST]: It seems Metroid Dread is the latest victim of a "leak". According to social media and websites like ResetEra, footage of the game is now doing the rounds online.
We've had a look at certain parts of the internet ourselves and can also confirm this. On one page – featuring quite a lot of clips, there was footage at what's believed to be the "second" boss in the game.
In other words, if you're worried about any spoilers – you might want to refrain from searching or looking at anything related to Metroid Dread for the next five days until you get hold of your own copy.
The game is already in the hands of reviewers, and our Metroid Dread review will go live next week ahead of the official launch. Metroid Dread has been described as the conclusion to the original Metroid saga, so the story is expected to be very exciting.
"The first 2D Metroid game with a new story in 19 years is coming this year to Nintendo Switch. Metroid Dread is a direct sequel to 2002's Metroid Fusion and concludes the five-part saga focusing on the strange, interconnected fates of bounty hunter Samus and the Metroids, which kicked off with the original Metroid for NES."
If we hear any other developments, we'll be sure to let you know.