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Issue #205 – Promethea
Posted on: November 4, 2015 Written by: mossfoot@gmail.com
Moore Meta, Moore Problems.
If I were to sum up Alan Moore's Promethea comic series into a convenient nutshell, I would describe it as Watchmen meets Neil Gaiman meets CS Lewis.
In case you've lived under a rock the last century, Alan Moore is one of the most respected names in the comic book industry, with an almost legendarily unorthodox personality. He's best known for Watchmen, but most of his works have made it to the big screen, with varying degrees of success or, more likely, failure.
Somehow Promethea slipped under my radar. I'd never heard about it until I stumbled across it one day at my local FLGS.
Promethea starts with a tantalizing myth: a fake history of a literary character known as Promethea, who first appeared in poetry in the late 18th century, reappeared in early 20th century comic strip dailies, then later in pulp fiction, then in golden age comics, and finally modern day. Well, sort of modern day…
Perhaps the best way to review this series is to describe exactly how it fits into the categories I gave earlier.
Promethea is like Watchmen in terms of its basic story structure. You have an alternate earth existing in a parallel present that is more akin to science fiction. In the case of Watchmen these differences were subtle, and worked into a 1980s present-day. Differences like electric cars and dirigibles in the sky were never thrown in your face, but allowed to come out and surprise you, causing you to look back and re-examine everything you'd read before. Promethea's present, on the other hand, is more like super-science set at the turn of the millennium. And while Watchmen was in effect a look at comics in history, Promethea is broader in that it covers all storytelling: poetry, pulp fiction, daily comics, and modern comics.
Like Watchmen you have different artistic mediums being used—in one case even using photography to convey hyper-reality. Major props go out to J.H. Williams III and Mick Gray who pencil and ink these pages. Like Watchmen, you find yourself pouring over the art and looking at the details, going back and re-reading pages a few times just because you're also trying to see what is going on in the background, looking for the subtlety that is on virtually every page. It's those seemingly inexhaustible bits of hidden complexity that breathe life into this fictional world, as do the continuing secondary stories, which continue to hint at other events not tied into the main story at all.
The comparisons to Neil Gaiman come mostly through his Sandman series. Sandman was as much an exploration of the worlds of the Endless as it was plot driven. Both are explorations of myth and story not just in our world, but beyond it. A great deal of Promethea explores a reality beyond the material world. The main difference would be that Sandman already knows everything he needs to, but is an enigmatic character and reveals it only what is necessary to the audience through his actions. Promethea on the other hand has the human and myth merge, and she ends up needing to learn what is going on and how it works. It is, in fact, a study of the Kabbalah. Which gets me to C.S. Lewis.
Promethea is a lecture in a belief system disguised as a story. C.S. Lewis famously made no bones about the allegorical nature of his Narnia series, but even more obvious was his epistolary novel The Screwtape Letters. In this, a minor demon is corresponding with his powerful uncle down in Hell looking for advice on how to trip up his assignment into losing his soul. It is an amusing vehicle for Lewis to explore Catholicism in terms of damnation, salvation, and humanity.
Moore also uses his comic to explore his beliefs, in this case the Kabbalah. A large part of the story is a literal journey through all the paths and paths through it. It is, if nothing else, an education in mysticism if you've ever been curious about it. These lessons are interspersed with events back in the real world
And this, while its most intriguing strength, is also its greatest weakness. By the time you get to the end of Volume 2 you realize you are being lectured (albeit entertainingly) and that awareness makes it more difficult to enjoy the story, more aware of how far you're being sidetracked through these lessons.
(Small aside—given the flak that D&D got back in the 80s for promoting devil worship and teaching magic, one can only conclude that had Promethea came out back then Moore would have been burned as a witch. Kabbalah has nothing to do with that, of course, but then, neither did D&D)
Plenty of authors mix philosophy and belief and deeper meaning with their works. Terry Pratchett is famous for doing it in a humorous yet moving way (Small Gods is my favourite example). But Pratchett never made me feel like I was going to be quizzed later.
Basically it feels like Moore is trying to take everything he's learned studying magic and myth over the decades, and distilling it down to a comprehensible single philosophy, under the guise of a larger story. But the problem to his approach to this is simple: Sometimes the strings show.
This is ultimately a minor quibble. There is more than enough going on here to keep you entertained, both visually, intellectually, and philosophically.
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Find good collection of car images and auto gallery.
ANALYSIS AND OPINION: It hasn't been a week since the Tesla Y unveil at the Design Studio and the Tesla Fan Base and media alike are now speculating what the already iconic pickup truck will shape out to be. So over Model Y and it's ho hum, the excitement energy is already now building for Model U.
Read more about Done With Model Y, Tesla Fans Move on to the Pickup Truck: What Will it Be Like?
ANALYSIS AND OPINION: The Eve of the Ides of March like the Model Y unveil at the Tesla Design Studio came like the new car itself and went like any other event without much fanfare. Both are no frills or gimmicks, the most practical you can get in a car and an event, neither didn't take much money to make, and in the car's case it has the potential to outsell it's siblings combined.
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Sometime next year BMW will be introducing their first real non-compliant full production all electric car. It won't look as funky as i3 does. It'll actually look like a real normal car. And it'll be based off the 4 series. So with my BMW in the shop AGAIN, and the dealer giving me a 430 coupe as a loaner, I decided to take this opportunity to give you a dynamic of what to expect from a 4 series electric by looking at the gas one and my car, a 3 Series, first.
The Car Lab Mad Doc Looks to Sign a Pact With Besos and Bloody Mary: Is the GM Buy-In to Rivian the Coming of the American Rolls Royce? Or Just Another GM Saab Story?
ANALYSIS AND OPINION: I hope this is about as mad as the mad doctor can be, signing a pact with the almost-devil of the car industry right before industrial birth of start up production. I guess he'll be the industrial obstetrician. I hope the car baby ain't no Rosemary's. Dr. Scaringe is looking to make a deal with a devil who has more money than God. Jeff Besos of Amazon is in with this. What a strange three way this could be. I cringe: gee Doctor: will it be good for you too?
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By selling the entire model range in three categories, Tesla Corporation makes each car more cheaply, and simplifies discerning which car is which. If you want "Ludicrous," which now comes in a separate upgrade package at a $20,000 premium, no more looking at old school Bentley-like badges to see battery energy capacity, you just look for "Performance." This also helps with pricing and sales: by having cheaper Base Models S and X, Tesla is getting ready to sell Base Model 3.
The Cadillac XT6-Gate Debate: Luxury Car Brands: Are They Even Needed Anymore In the Age of Car Sharing, RoboTaxis, and Autonomy?
ANALYSIS AND OPINION: It's not looking too good in the public relations arena for Cadillac and GM when the national, now world conversation nows turns toward questioning the existence of luxury car brands after the Cadillac XT6-Gate GM Debacle. Aston Martin's CEO weighed in with the XT6-Gate to establish six ultra brands, and none of the ones below it like Cadillac will surpass them. But let's be clear: XT6-Gate is an American problem, not a European one.
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This past weekend brought about the first double header event for the Global RallyCross series as the drivers headed to Munich Germany for the third leg of the XGames series this year – with Liam Doran taking the top spot on Saturday in his brand new Mini GRC car.
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You are here: Home / News & Articles / Announcements / Town of New Paltz Transfer Tax
Town of New Paltz Transfer Tax
February 3, 2021 /in Announcements, Articles /by nancyh
From an email from the NYSLTA we have learned that The Town of New Paltz has a new transfer tax.
The Town of New Paltz has imposed a new real estate transfer tax, effective immediately.
Local Law No. 5 of 2020, codified as Article III, entitled "Real Estate Transfer Tax" of Chapter 59 of the Town of New Paltz Town Code, entitled "Community Preservation", imposes a 1.5% real estate transfer tax on each conveyance of real property interest therein.
The transfer tax applies to all conveyances in the Town of New Paltz and the Village of New Paltz, occurring on or after February 1, 2021, unless a binding written contract was entered into prior to February 1, 2021.
The date of execution of each contract must be confirmed by evidence such as recording of the contract, payment of a deposit, or other facts and circumstances acceptable to the County Commissioner of Finance.
This tax will be paid by the buyer at the time of closing. If the buyer has failed to pay the tax or if the buyer is exempt from the tax, the payment of the tax imposed will fall to the seller.
The list of exemptions are listed in section 59-13. In addition, there is an exemption equal to the median sales price of residential real property within the town of New Paltz, as determined by the State Commissioner of Taxation and Finance. The current median Sales Price is $245,000.
The County Clerk's office will obtain and make the median sales price available on their website annually.
Please be advised that a Town of New Paltz transfer tax form must be filed, and a five dollar filing fee is required.
http://www.agtitleservices.com/content/uploads/2021/05/AGlogo_PMS_LOGO-V2-300x258.png 0 0 nancyh http://www.agtitleservices.com/content/uploads/2021/05/AGlogo_PMS_LOGO-V2-300x258.png nancyh2021-02-03 19:31:272021-02-03 19:31:27Town of New Paltz Transfer Tax
We're hiring! Post-Closing Specialist

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Celebrate Doctor Who's 53rd Birthday By Watching Its Lead Character Die 13 Times
Video: I mean, that is how you celebrate birthdays, right?
Doctor Who first aired 53 years ago, at 5:16PM on the evening of 23 November 1963, and to mark the occasion, the BBC has whipped up a quick montage of every regeneration the Doctor has gone through so far in his more than half-a-century on our screens.
It has the actual regenerations for each Doctor up to Peter Capaldi — including John Hurt's War Doctor, and even that one time David Tennant almost but not really regenerated in "The Stolen Earth/Journey's End", so it's pretty complete in terms of every time the Doctor has basically faced truly fatal peril.
Bit morbid for a birthday celebration though.
[Laughing Squid]


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Announcement of Periodic Review:
Moody's announces completion of a periodic review for a group of Metals and Mining issuers in Asia
New York, August 17, 2022 -- Moody's Investors Service ("Moody's") has completed a periodic review of the ratings -and other ratings that are associated with the same analytical units for the rated entity(entities) listed below.
The review was conducted through a portfolio review discussion held on 10 August 2022 in which Moody's reassessed the appropriateness of the ratings in the context of the relevant principal methodology(ies), recent developments, and a comparison of the financial and operating profile to similarly rated peers. A possible outcome from periodic reviews is a referral of a rating to a rating committee.
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Key Rating Considerations
The principal methodology used for the rated entities listed below was Mining published in October 2021. Please see the Rating Methodologies page on https://ratings.moodys.com for a copy of this methodology.
Key rating considerations on a forward-looking basis may include but are not limited to the following summarized below.
Scale: Scale is a consideration because it provides indications of a company's revenue-generating capability, its overall market strength and importance to the markets it serves, and its resilience to changes in commodity prices and demand. Companies with larger scale generally have greater flexibility to manage their businesses under different price and demand scenarios, which is important in an industry that is cyclical. A large revenue base can also lead to economies of scale that lower overall costs for raw materials and to efficiencies for corporate administration of the business, in areas such as finance, legal, tax and accounting. Larger companies also tend to generate higher cash flow for capital reinvestment and debt reduction and have greater access to the capital markets, which can reduce the cost of capital. Total revenue is an indicator of scale.
Business Profile: A mining company's business profile is an indicator of its ability to generate earnings and cash flow and the relative stability and sustainability of that cash flow, which are important considerations in an industry characterized by cyclicality and high price volatility. Susceptibility to environmental, regulatory, and political risk is another important aspect of a company's business profile. The location and number of a company's mines is also a consideration because having multiple, discrete assets in different regions typically lessens the impact of strikes, equipment failures, operational event risks, or other events that could curtail production. Geographic diversity also helps mining companies mitigate the impact of trade barriers and tariffs on exports.
Profitability: Profits are considered because they are needed to generate sustainable cash flow through different economic environments, reinvest in strategic growth projects and service debt and other obligations, which are especially important for an industry as capital-intensive as mining. How well a company can control its costs is a consideration because of the industry's price volatility, limited pricing power and vulnerability to fluctuations in input costs. A strong cost position is an important indicator of a company's ability to maintain profitability during a downturn. EBIT margin is one indicator of profitability.
Leverage and Coverage: Leverage and cash flow coverage measures provide indications of how much financial risk a mining company is willing to undertake. These metrics are also indications of the company's ability to sustain its competitive position, invest in growth opportunities and service debt. Ratios including EBIT/ Interest, Debt/ Book Capitalization, Cash from Operations minus Dividends/ Debt are indicators of leverage and coverage.
Financial Policy: Financial policy encompasses management and board tolerance for financial risk and commitment to a strong credit profile. It is a consideration, because it directly affects debt levels, credit quality, the future direction for the company and the risk of adverse changes in financing and capital structure. Financial risk tolerance serves as a guidepost to investment and capital allocation. Liquidity management is also considered and can provide insight into risk tolerance.
Other Considerations: Other considerations may include: financial controls and the quality of financial reporting; corporate legal structure; the quality and experience of management; assessments of corporate governance as well as environmental and social considerations; exposure to uncertain licensing regimes; and possible government interference in some countries. Regulatory, litigation, liquidity, technology, and reputational risk as well as changes to consumer and business spending patterns, competitor strategies and macroeconomic trends are also considered.
• ABM Investama Tbk (P.T.)
• Adaro Indonesia (P.T.)
• Alcoa of Australia Limited
• Bayan Resources Tbk (P.T.)
• BHP Group Limited
• Bumi Resources Tbk (P.T.)
• China Minmetals Corporation
• China National Gold Group Co., Ltd.
• Coronado Global Resources Inc.
• Fortescue Metals Group Ltd
• Freeport Indonesia (P.T.)
• Golden Energy And Resources Ltd
• Indika Energy Tbk (P.T.)
• Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (Persero) (P.T.)
• Korea Mine Rehabilitation & Mineral Res Corp
• Mineral Resources Limited
• Newcrest Mining Limited
• Shandong Energy Group Company Limited
• South32 Limited
• Yankuang Energy Group Company Limited
The principal methodology used for the rated entities listed below was Business and Consumer Services published in November 2021. Please see the Rating Methodologies page on https://ratings.moodys.com for a copy of this methodology.
Scale: Scale is considered because larger scale can be an indicator of a company's ability to influence business trends and pricing within its service segments and to support a stable or growing market position. Scale also can be an indicator of greater resilience to changes in demand, geographic diversity, cost absorption, R&D capabilities and of greater bargaining strength with customers, labor, and vendors. Revenue is an indicator of scale.
Business Profile: The business profile of a company is considered because it greatly influences its ability to generate sustainable earnings and operating cash flows. The business and consumer service industry comprises a vast array of business models encompassing a multitude of identifiable customer bases worldwide. We consider the underlying demand characteristics of a company's service offerings and their relative breadth, strength, and endurance of demand. Companies that have established a long history of strong demand for a diverse range of service offerings that are critical to customer needs generally entail lower risk compared to those that offer a single line of service which have less importance for customer needs or have a limited history of success.
Profitability: Profits matter because they are necessary to maintain a business's competitive position, including sufficient reinvestment in marketing, research, facilities, and human capital. Sustained high profitability is generally a strong indicator of substantial competitive advantages, particularly if combined with evidence of a stable or rising market share. EBITA Margin is an indicator of profitability.
Leverage and Coverage: Leverage and coverage measures are indicators of a company's financial flexibility and long-term viability, including its ability to adapt to changes in the economic and business environment within the segments in which it operates. Indicators of leverage and coverage include ratios such as: Debt / EBITDA, EBITA / Interest Expense, and Retained Cash Flow/ Net Debt.
Financial Policy: Management and board tolerance for financial risk is a consideration because it directly affects debt levels, credit quality, and the risk of adverse changes in financing and capital structure. Our assessment of financial policies includes the perceived tolerance of a company's governing board and management for financial risk and the future direction for the company's capital structure. Considerations include a company's public commitments in this area, its track record for adhering to commitments, and our views on the ability for the company to achieve its targets. Financial risk tolerance serves as a guidepost to investment and capital allocation.
Other Rating Considerations: Other considerations may include but are not limited to financial controls and the quality of financial reporting; corporate legal structure; the quality and experience of management; assessments of corporate governance as well as environmental and social considerations; exposure to uncertain licensing regimes; and possible government interference in some countries. Regulatory, litigation, liquidity, technology, and reputational risk as well as changes to consumer and business spending patterns, competitor strategies and macroeconomic trends also affect ratings.
• Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama (P.T.)
• Perenti Global Limited
• Thiess Group Holdings Pty Ltd
The principal methodology used for the rated entities listed below was Equipment and Transportation Rental published in February 2022. Please see the Rating Methodologies page on https://ratings.moodys.com for a copy of this methodology.
Equipment and Transportation Rental
Scale: We consider scale because it is an indicator of the overall depth of a company's business and its success in attracting a variety of customers, as well as its resilience to shocks s, such as sudden shifts in demand or rapid cost increases Scale not only takes into account size, but also reflects customer and geographic diversification as well as equipment investment. Large rental companies, particularly those with contiguous operations, can share equipment and maintenance staff across a large area. This ability improves equipment utilization rates and allows companies to maintain their fleet more efficiently, as well as improve service to customers by providing greater equipment availability. Scale also often allows large rental companies enhanced purchasing power when buying equipment from Original Equipment Manufacturers, which can aid in their overall profitability. Scale is measured using total reported revenue.
Business Profile: We consider the business profile as relevant in assessing credit quality for companies in the equipment and transportation rental industry. Entry into this industry requires significant capital investment, the need for which can extend through the cycle. companies seek to efficiently manage their fleet with the goal of maximizing returns on the equipment over the long term. Companies with relatively stronger market positions generally have geographically diverse operations, a broader customer base and a range of well-maintained or newer equipment. Companies with these characteristics can also benefit from comparatively higher equipment utilization and lower maintenance costs. Such companies are in stronger positions to fund necessary investments, and often have a lower cost of capital. In our qualitative assessment, we consider the expected volatility of a company's results and the strength of its market position. In addition, we consider a company's fleet management and the level of its equipment utilization. Cost-effectiveness is also assessed.
Profitability: Profitability provides a measure of the company's ability to generate sustainable cash flow and maintain a c competitive position. Pretax Income as a percentage of Sales is an indicator of profitability and it provides an indication of the overall efficiency of a company's cost structure which is an important consideration in a capital intensive industry.
Leverage and Coverage: Leverage and coverage measures provide indications of a company's financial capacity and long-term viability... These metrics are indicators of a company's ability to sustain its competitive position, access capital to invest in its business and service debt through difference phases of the economic cycles. Among others, ratios such as Debt/EBITDA, EBITDA/ Interest Expense, and Funds from Operations/ Debt are indicators of leverage and coverage.
Financial Policy: Management and board tolerance for financial risk is considered as it directly affects debt levels, credit quality, and the risk of adverse changes in financing and capital structure. Our assessment of financial policies includes the perceived tolerance of a company's governing board and management for financial risk and the future direction for the company's capital structure. Considerations include a company's public commitments in this area, its track record for adhering to commitments, and our views on the ability of the company to achieve its targets.
Other Factors: Other factors may include, but are not limited to, our assessment of the quality of management, corporate governance, financial controls, liquidity management, event risk and seasonality.
• Emeco Holdings Limited
The principal methodology used for the rated entities listed below was Government-Related Issuers Methodology published in February 2020. Please see the Rating Methodologies page on https://ratings.moodys.com for a copy of this methodology.
Government-Related Issuers Methodology
Assigning a Baseline Credit Assessment (BCA): The majority of Government-Related Issuers (GRIs) begin with an assessment of the GRI's standalone strength (i.e. BCA) – its ability to service and repay outstanding debt without recourse to extraordinary support from the supporting government - using the published sector-specific methodology that is most suitable for the predominant activities of the GRI. Our assessment of standalone strength includes any day-to-day support received from the government that can be clearly distinguished from extraordinary support. Support mechanisms, such as an obligation of the government to ensure the GRI's solvency and liquidity, are reflected in the BCA when they are legally or contractually documented.
Government uplift: The GRI's ratings include any uplift due to systemic support and typically focus on three structural factors and three factors explaining the level of the government's willingness to provide support. Structural factors address the legal and quasi-legal aspects of the government's relationship with the GRI and include: (1) guarantees, (2) ownership level and (3) barriers to support. The factors underlying willingness consider the softer connections between the two entities and include (4) the likelihood of government intervention, (5) political linkages and (6) economic importance. Support is determined using a joint default analysis framework which considers an estimate of the likelihood of extraordinary support, an assessment of the credit quality of the supporting government, and default correlation between the two entities.
GRIs without a BCA: In limited instances, it is not possible or meaningful to assign a BCA. The GRI is so inextricably linked to the government that a meaningful standalone BCA cannot be derived. In such cases, a top-down analytical approach is used that chiefly considers the ability and willingness of the government to provide timely support, instead of the usual bottom-up approach of starting with the BCA and then considering uplift towards the government's rating.
This announcement applies only to Rated Entities with EU rated, UK rated, EU endorsed and UK endorsed ratings. Rated Entities, with Non EU rated, non UK rated, non EU endorsed and non UK endorsed ratings may be referenced herein to the extent necessary, if they are part of the same analytical unit.
Please see the Issuer page on https://ratings.moodys.com for each of the ratings covered, most updated credit rating action, rating history, and Credit Rating action Press Release including the rating rationale and factors that could lead to a rating upgrade or downgrade.
This publication does not announce a credit rating action.
For any credit ratings referenced in this publication, please see the issuer/deal page on https://ratings.moodys.com
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amortization schedule extra payments excel : In the original amortization schedule tutorial I left out a feature that is of interest to a lot of people: adding extra principal payments in order to pay off the loan earlier than the loan contract calls for. In this tutorial we will add this feature. Before we get started let me mention one important thing: You can almost always (actually as far as I know it is always) just go ahead and add ...How to Calculate Mortgage Payments in Excel With Home Loan Amortization Schedule & Extra Payments Want to Calculate Mortgage Payments Offline? We have offered a downloadable Windows application for calculating mortgages for many years, but we have recently had a number of people request an Excel spreadsheet which shows loan amortization tables.Loan calculator with extra payments. This loan calculator template generates a loan amortization schedule based on the details you specify. Enter the interest rate, loan amount, and loan period, and see what your monthly principal and interest payments will be.Financial freedom is actually becoming debt-free. Do you want to pay off your loan or mortgage faster with some extra and irregular payments? My Excel template (Amortization schedule with irregular payments) will solve your mortgage paying off problem in different ways: Amortization schedule with regular payment (PMT) Amortization schedule with regular extra payment (Recurring Extra […]Scheduling Extra Payments in Amortization Schedule. When you have extra payments in hand, you either choose to schedule extra payments in a lump sum or at regular intervals in the loan schedule. The advantage of making extra payments can help you in saving money in compounding interest and reduce the length of your loan too.Auto Loan Amortization Schedule Template . Use this loan amortization Excel template to determine the total loan amount when you purchase a car, factoring in trade-ins, rebates, down payments, sales tax, and any other extra fees.You can also find a free excel loan amortization spreadsheet by doing a search in Excel after going to File > New. Some of them use creative Excel formulas for making the amortization table and a couple allow you to manipulate the schedule by including extra payments.There you'll find all the supporting number that went into the above analysis. There's a detail amortization schedule showing the periodic payment and interest charges as well as the extra payments coming off the principal balance. After the loan payment schedule, you'll find a future value or investment schedule.Extra Payment Mortgage Calculator. ... The calculator lets you determine monthly mortgage payments, find out how your monthly, yearly, or one-time pre-payments influence the loan term and the interest paid over the life of the loan, and see complete amortization schedules.This loan calculator - also known as an amortization schedule calculator - lets you estimate your monthly loan repayments. It also determines out how much of your repayments will go towards the principal and how much will go towards interest. Simply input your loan amount, interest rate, loan term and repayment start date then click "Calculate".


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Tag: pelugion
Pelugion – I
Review by Dawn King
On 27th July 2018, Ever Metal had the privilege and the honour to premier Pelugion's video for the track 'Bane Of Humanity' and now we are proud to review their debut EP "I".
Pelugion are a three-piece rock/metal outfit from Coventry, England and the trio, Andy Sweeney, John Pittaway and Brandon Balou, first met at college in September 2012 while they were studying music performance. They started off by doing Black Sabbath and Metallica covers at college gigs, but once the college days were over, they found new rehearsal rooms and wrote their first original track.
It was then that Pelugion was born!
The threesome gigged heavily around England, they won a slot playing the Godiva Festival, which is the UK's biggest free family festival, and signed a management deal with FATangel Management and PR, as well as releasing a music video for the track 'Serpent's Mistress'. This extensive gigging gained them recognition for their energetic performances and massive sound.
In 2016, they released the song 'Bide My Time', which was produced, mixed and mastered at Woodworm Studio by Mike Exeter, who has worked with legends such as Black Sabbath, Dio and Judas Priest, and this grabbed the attention of Wildfire Festival in Scotland, where they performed later that year.
2017 was a busy year for them. They played the sold-out HRH Metal at the O2 Academy in Birmingham, were a special guest performer at the Mosh Against Cancer in Coventry, performed their first acoustic set at Uprising Festival in Leicester (which we also had the pleasure of reviewing) and embarked on a tour with Welsh heavyweights, Lifer!
2018 saw them head back to Wales for the popular Dementia Aware Fest and they once again appeared on the bill at Uprising. They also gained a spot at Bloodstock Festival in Derby after winning the Coventry Metal 2 The Masses and receiving worldwide radio airplay is helping them on their way to becoming an international band!
So, what of this fantastic EP? Well, I think I just said it. It's fantastic! From the opening basslines of first track 'Monster' I knew this was going to be a killer EP. With influences such as Black Sabbath, Metallica, Megadeth, Soundgarden, Alterbridge, Black Label Society, Kyuss and Down, they have added their own unique twist on things to produce what can only be described as a stonking sound. Heavy, sometimes sludgy yet melodic and upbeat, if this EP doesn't have you banging your head and throwing the horns then nothing will.
The EP is a collection of the band's recordings to date, put together over a period of three years! Some of it has never been heard before, while some of it had only been available on digital format, but now for the first time it has all come together on CD, and really is a must for fans old and new.
This has everything a great EP should. Groove-laden, chunky riffs, melodic, powerful vocals with just the right amount of grit, funky bass lines and frantic drumming. Pelugion can seemingly turn their hand to anything, from the slow-tempo Sabbathesque type tracks to speedy and more thrash numbers.
We recently set up a page on the Ever Metal site showcasing bands we support and Pelugion were one of the first to be added to the list. This was due to their extreme capabilities, talent and hardworking ethic.
It may have taken three years to get this EP out, but if this is an indication of what is to come from this group of lads, then we all should be very excited about the future of metal.
Just don't let it take three years for the follow up!
1. Monster
2. Bide My Time
3. Desire
4. Bane Of Humanity
5. Remedy
6. Bury Me
7. Serpent's Mistress
8. Believe
https://www.facebook.com/pelugion/
https://pelugion.bandcamp.com/
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBqeFH9qFFkcu35PAQWVXxQ
Tweets by Pelugion
https://www.instagram.com/pelugion/
Disclaimer: This review is solely the property of Dawn King and Ever Metal. It is strictly forbidden to copy any part of this review, unless you have the strict permission of both parties. Failure to adhere to this will be treated as plagiarism and will be reported to the relevant authorities.
Posted on March 23, 2019 Categories Album ReviewsTags England, English Metal, EP Review, FAT Angel, Groove, metal, pelugion, Pelugion I, rock, Self Release, Self Released, sludge, thrashLeave a comment on Pelugion – I
Pelugion – Bane Of Humanity Video/Single Premiered on Ever Metal!
Pelugion – Bane Of Humanity Single/Video
Ever Metal are beyond proud to premiere the brand new video/single 'Bane Of Humanity' from Coventry based Hard Rock/Metal band Pelugion. As soon as we first saw them live we knew they were something special and 'Bane Of Humanity' only reinforces that feeling!
Having recently won Coventry Metal 2 The Masses, this single is taken from the bands forthcoming EP entitled I (ONE) which is to be released before their appearance at Bloodstock Festival!
Bane Of Humanity was recorded, mixed & mastered by Dan Willett at Univibe Studios. The video was shot at Coventry Rehearsal Rooms and on location by Tim Paling of Lost In The Crowd Media.
Pelugion – 'Bane Of Humanity
Andy Sweeney, John Pittaway and Brandon Balou first met in college September 2012 whilst studying music performance. Starting off at the college rehearsal rooms and playing Metallica and Black Sabbath covers at a couple of college gigs, it wasn't long before college was over, new rehearsal rooms were found, their first original song was written and Pelugion was born.
Since the beginnings of the band, Pelugion have gigged heavily around England with an arsenal of original songs, won a slot playing the Godiva Festival which is the UK's biggest free family festival, inked a management deal with UK based FATangel management and PR and released a lyric video for the song 'Serpents Mistress'. Pelugion are a band gaining national recognition for their energetic live performance and massive sound.
The band released the single 'Bide My Time' in 2016, which was produced, mixed and mastered at Woodworm studios by Mike Exeter who has worked with such legends as Black Sabbath, Dio and Judas Priest, this brought them to the attention of Wildfire Festival Scotland where Pelugion performed later in the same year.
2017 saw Pelugion busy writing and recording for their first official EP release recording with Mike Exeter and Dan Willett but also taking time to keep gigging as much as possible, including a performance at the SOLD-OUT HRH Metal at the O2 Academy in Birmingham, a special guest performance at Mosh against Cancer in Coventry, their first and as yet only acoustic performance at Uprising Leicester and a tour with South Wales heavyweights Lifer.
2018 is set to be the busiest year to date for the Coventry three-piece who have already headed back to South Wales to join Lifer once more for the Welsh leg of the popular Dementia Aware Fest at the start of the year and have since gained a slot at Bloodstock Festival after winning the Coventry Metal 2 The Masses and have once again returned to Uprising weekend In Leicester. Their performance at Bloodstock will be pre-empted by the release of their much anticipated EP entitled I (ONE) and a video for their latest recording Bane Of Humanity!
Pelugion are going from strength to strength with dates already in the books for 2019. They are now breaking the boundaries toward becoming an international band thanks to the worldwide radio airplay they are now receiving.
Pelugion describe their main influences as Black Sabbath, Metallica, Megadeth, Soundgarden, Alterbridge, Black Label Society, Kyuss & Down.
John Pittaway – Guitar
Andy Sweeney – Vocals / Bass
Brandon Balou – Drums
https://www.instagram.com/pelugion
Disclaimer: This article is solely the property of Ever Metal. It is strictly forbidden to copy any part of this article, unless you have the strict permission of Ever Metal. Failure to adhere to this will be treated as plagiarism and will be reported to the relevant authorities.
Posted on July 27, 2018 Categories Album ReviewsTags baneofhumanity, exclusive, fatangel, fatangelfamily, fatangelmanagement, fatangelpr, newvideo, pelugion, videopremier, videoreleaseLeave a comment on Pelugion – Bane Of Humanity Video/Single Premiered on Ever Metal!
Bloodstock 'Metal 2 The Masses' North Wales Final Central Station, Wrexham 15/06/2018
Bloodstock 'Metal 2 The Masses' North Wales Final
Central Station, Wrexham 15/06/2018
Review by Beth Jones with pointless bits from Rick Tilley!
After what seemed a very long time, Friday 15th June was the night – The Bloodstock Metal 2 The Masses North Wales Final! It was the culmination of months of hard work by both the bands and the organisers, and was set to be a great show, combining competition bands and showcase bands for an evening extravaganza! We, at Ever Metal HQ, were really excited for the event, not least because it was a chance to have a catch up with old friends, but more so because we had been at most of the heats, and the semis, and were excited to see which band would be rewarded for their efforts with the ultimate prize – a spot on the New Blood Stage at Bloodstock 2018.
Following the packed nature of the heats, it was good to see a move of venue for the final, from the 'cosy and bijou' Atomic, to the much more substantial Central Station Venue. This allowed NEW Metal Productions to have two stages and alternate them – a brave decision, but did it work? We will come to that later!
First up on the main stage, to get us all in the mood, were instrumental trio, Archetype. This was our first experience of them. One word – Proggywoggydoodahh! I don't think I need to explain any further than that. It was quite funny trying to watch the audience bang their heads to the rhythm, only to be fooled by a random bar of 13/8 instead of a good old 4/4 beat. Watching reasonably sober metal heads collectively trying to look cool when someone steals their solid rhythm is quite amusing! Aside from that, Archetype were clearly very talented musicians and clearly know how to write a good prog tune, but I have to say, after a short while, I found it quite difficult to listen to. It was too much for my brain to take sober, Rick, on the other hand, loved them!
https://www.facebook.com/wearethearchetypeUK/
A quick hop over to the second stage followed to catch Pelugion. We love these guys and it is easy to see why they have had success this year in the M2TM final in Coventry – if their performance that evening was half as good as their performance as guests here, then they were very worthy winners. They make one hell of a sound with just the three of them, and their connection is really strong, which gives their performance a confidence beyond their years. They provide you with classic heavy metal, quite Sabbath like in places, and give everything 100% welly! Love them.
Next was the first of the competition bands on the main stage, Impavidus. In my last review, I called them 'female fronted' and got a bit of stick for it, so this time I shall refer to them as Michelle and her all male backing band!! Joking aside, these guys are all properly talented musicians, and Michelle's vocal versatility is astounding. We had been massively impressed with them at the Semi Final and felt certain that they would walk it in the final. Sadly, the sound let them down. Central Station is a notorious venue for problematic acoustics, and Impavidus were not helped by this one little bit. I think that the bad sound quality gave them a bit of a knock, and the spark and chemistry we saw in the semis just wasn't quite there, which in turn affected their overall performance. Maybe it was nerves, maybe it was the size of the venue, maybe it was the low – level lighting or the way it sounded on stage, who knows. We were truly gutted for them, but I think it was probably a worthwhile experience – things like that tend to focus your mind on areas that you can improve on.
https://www.facebook.com/impavidusuk/
Moving back to the second stage, we were greeted by local band, IN DEPTHS. Again, another first time for us, but with them hailing from just over the border and having had success recently in the Mammothfest Best Band competition, we were intrigued to check them out. The first thing that caught my attention was the bright white floor lights that they were using on stage. This totally changed the mood of the performance in a very clever way. The effect of it was almost like a bad dream – strange shadows creating distortions in features, which fitted well with their musical style. It was much harsher than I was expecting and quite intricate and complex, a bit Djent, and quite animated. Whilst I'm not a massive fan of the genre, it was really good to see them thinking about the overall look and staging and it was nice to see a bass player, on a six – string bass, actually utilising all the strings – kudos for that!
https://www.facebook.com/InDepths/
Returning once again to the main stage, we were ready and waiting for our next competition band, Cadence Noir. Again, we had really enjoyed these guys from their heat and semi and had high hopes for them. They were very different to everything that had been on so far, with much more of a party feel to them. They were lively, rocky, well-rehearsed, and had the best sound of the evening so far. They too had thought about their image, and the fact that they have a violin player and the bass player switches between standard electric bass and upright semi acoustic double bass gave them more of an edge. They gave a great performance and had the whole crowd bouncing and dancing and really partying. It was certainly a hard act to follow and I was pretty confident that we had just seen a winning performance, although the band themselves where not of the same opinion when we had a chat with them in the smoking area afterwards, during what was a well needed break from proceedings.
https://www.facebook.com/CadenceNoir/
Following the short interval, the next competition band, Redwood Avenue, took to the main stage. As you all know by now, my opinion of these guys has changed a lot from when I first saw them, however I think this is because they have grown in confidence and finesse, and their performance here was no exception to this rule. They always have a good following too, which helps drive their performance along. Front man Aled is very animated, and the skills of the drummer keep everything very tight throughout their complex songs. With their Djent, Modern Metal sound, it was a huge contrast to the previous two bands we had seen in the competition this evening, which was great – variety is the spice of life, and they do what they do well. I sometimes wish their guitarists would be a little more animated though. I think this is made more noticeable by the fact that the bass player and drummer, along with Aled, are animated, so it sticks out like a sore thumb. To coin a phrase I used in my first review about them, they are only young; it will come with time and experience!
https://www.facebook.com/redwoodavenue2014/
Once more back over to the second stage we headed, for the last band of the night on that stage, the fantastic Welsh nutcases, Lifer! Although I have listened to plenty of their music, this was a first time for me seeing them live. What a diamond bunch of lads they are, and what a chemistry they create on stage. They are thrashy, doomy, and heavy, and generally awesome. Scriv has a great presence as a front man and knows how to hold a tune and an audience in the palm of his hand. I really enjoyed their set and will endeavour to see them again soon. It was nice to have them in the mix with all the young bands that we had seen so far, as they are like the voice of experience for them – the ones who have been there, done that, bought the t-shirt, and are still loving it and showing us that they are loving it!
https://www.facebook.com/lifermetal/
The final Competition band was up next – OMV. Hold on to your hats folks, things are about to get a lot more sweary. One thing is for certain – Richie OMV certainly has a lot of fucks to give! Call me a prude, but there was a bit too much fuckery for my liking if I'm honest, which is a shame, as I really like their music, but the over use of our favourite expletive, as well as a few other choice words, was a big turn off for me. That said, they did put on a good show and it was, as ever, tight and well-rehearsed. I love the fact also that they had more than one generation of their family there to support them – as they have had at each of their performances in the M2TM competition. That was really nice and they did do their family proud with their performance – just please lay off the expletives a little – it doesn't do you any favours!
https://www.facebook.com/omvmetalband/
And that was it for competition bands. Whilst Rob Bannister deliberated on, what was most definitely, a very tough decision, we were treated to some good solid thrash metal in the form of Solitary. They were our guest headliners and they certainly filled that spot brilliantly, even if quite a few of the audience hadn't got the stamina to stay until the end…lightweights! The people who did stay were treated to a fantastic performance from them, with huge energy and passion and groove laden tunes back to back throughout their set.
https://www.facebook.com/Official.Solitary/
So, to the decision – Rob took to the stage, the room divided into four definite parties! Who would win? I had a feeling I knew but was intrigued to see if Rob would go that way. 'The winner of this year's Metal 2 The Masses North Wales Final is ………… CADENCE NOIR!!!!' Whilst there was obvious disappointment in the room from the fans of the other bands, the general consensus was that it was the correct decision on the night – apart from the Cadence Noir guys, who were completely shocked and thought Redwood Avenue should have won! After obligatory congrats / commiserations / photos, the crowd drifted off, all knowing they had just witnessed a super night of music with a competition of four bands, completely diverse in style, but all equally talented at what they do. It really was anyone's game. We had an absolute blast, as we have had throughout the competition, and came home happy and content that a good night had most definitely been had. My only criticism was that the night seemed to take a long time to get to the decision. I think the second stage was good, but possibly dragged things out a little too much, however all the bands on there were fantastic. The sound on there was better than the sound on the main stage, which kind of irritated me a bit, but the room which the second stage was in is much easier to set sound in – that is more a fault with the building though – believe me I saw Soulfly in there a good while ago and it was a wall of noise, so even the big bands struggle.
Myself and Rick feel very privileged to have been at all these gigs and would like to express our thanks for the hard work and dedication of all involved, not only the bands, But Fozzy and Beany for having the determination to pull off the events, all of which ran like absolute clockwork. Also, thanks to Rob Bannister for coming all the way to little old Wrexham to judge it, as well as Dani Maguire from 'Powerzone' on Calon FM and John Matthews from 'Totally Tankered', who cast the judges votes in the heats and semis. Not only have we had a great time at each show, but we have met and become friends with some wonderful people along the way, and that is what music is all about – the universal language that brings people together. It would be lovely to see this as the springboard for more of the same in this town.
Huge congratulations to Cadence Noir – have fun at BOA 2018. LONG LIVE METAL!
North East Wales Metal Productions:
https://www.facebook.com/N.E.WMetalProductions/
The Powerzone Radio Show:
https://www.facebook.com/Powerzonemetal/
Metal 2 The Masses Official Public Group Page:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/m2tmofficial/
Bloodstock Festival:
https://www.facebook.com/bloodstock/
Central Station, Wrexham:
https://www.facebook.com/centralstationvenue/
Disclaimer: This review is solely the property of Beth Jones and Ever Metal. It is strictly forbidden to copy any part of this review, unless you have the strict permission of both parties. Failure to do adhere to this will be treated as plagiarism and will be reported to the relevant authorities.
All photographs are the property of Beth Jones and PhotograBee – http://www.facebook.com/PhotograBeeImages
Posted on June 21, 2018 November 10, 2018 Categories Gig ReviewsTags archetype, bloodstock, bringonbloodstock, cadencenoir, centralstation, gigreview, Impavidus, indepths, lifer, M2TM, M2TMFinal, M2TMNORTHWALES, metalreview, northeastwalesmetal, OMV, pelugion, redwoodavenue, roadtobloodstock, solitaryLeave a comment on Bloodstock 'Metal 2 The Masses' North Wales Final Central Station, Wrexham 15/06/2018


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Instructional Technology, Arithmetic Training, And Science Education
Author Games And Software 29/04/2019 24/01/2018 arithmetic, education, instructional, science, technology, training
 To reposition TVET institutions in line with global pattern, the Department of Know-how and Science Schooling carried out the Needs Evaluation of equipment and services in the 21 Federal Science and Technical Colleges (FSTCs) as a case research to establish gaps and recommend appropriate intervention in keeping with the strategic plan of the Ministry for 2012 and beyond. You will study education concept and follow which can equip you with educating aptitudes and abilities on which you will build a sound philosophy and strategy to instructing. The Royal Society's Advisory Committee on Arithmetic Education (ACME) advises the Society on arithmetic schooling policy. These were later abolished and the DES's obligations became channelled through research councils established under the Science and Expertise Act 1965. If you have already got an MSc in Science or Mathematics, you might be eligible for admission to the one-year Academic Master's programme Leraar voorbereidend hoger onderwijs (in Dutch), which additionally leads to a educating certificate. The Public Department of Schooling didn't respond to questions on why the language about evolution and local weather change was watered down within the first place.
The Finnish greater schooling system consists of universities and universities of applied sciences. Established in 1895 as the primary U.S. scholarly journal in its area, the American Journal of Sociology (AJS) remains a number one voice for analysis and analysis in the social sciences. The journal goals to be interdisciplinary and contributions from other disciplines of drugs and social science are all the time welcomed. Prof Sreyashi Jhumki Basu 35 published extensively on the necessity for equity in Science Education within the United States. The journal covers all areas of the natural sciences, including physics and mathematics, chemistry, life sciences, earth sciences, supplies sciences, and data sciences. The Ministry of Schooling changed the Board of Education underneath the 1944 Schooling Act. In addition to our commitment to research and graduate schooling, ITMS is deeply dedicated to trainer education.
The Faculty of Schooling provides an M.A.T. in Science Education , which ends up in State of Iowa secondary instructor licensure. The Division of Technology and Science Schooling is to play its oversight operate and likewise engage in monitoring the sustainability of the venture within the States. ITMS oversees all trainer preparation programs in elementary mathematics and science training and partners with colleagues within the sciences and arithmetic in the preparation of secondary science and arithmetic lecturers. With its distinctive combination of theoretical and practical approaches to the problems of legislation and economics, the journal offers readers a singular alternative to remain in contact with the newest developments in this quickly evolving area.
Your science self-discipline shall be put in a broader societal perspective, and you'll develop your personal views on how your self-discipline should be related to secondary education and to the general public at massive. It additionally trains teachers, runs on-line education programs, and holds science literacy events for the general public. Language and Schooling offers a forum for the discussion of latest subjects and issues within the language disciplines which have a right away bearing upon thought and observe in education. In 2011, Federal Ministry of Training commenced the development of the JSS component of the textual content as much as critique level. In English and Welsh faculties, science is a compulsory subject in the Nationwide Curriculum.
The internships and the analysis undertaking in science education and communication will help you to develop as a skillful practitioner as well as an innovator. Combine a broad liberal arts education, pre-professional trainer training, and certification with a BS/BSEd in Biology/Science Training.
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Annie Hall (Blu-ray)
Posted in: Disc Reviews by Bob Ross on February 10th, 2012
DTS HD 2.0 Master Audio (English)
This April will mark 35 years since Woody Allen emerged as a world-class comic filmmaker. Although Annie Hall was his seventh feature (if you include the voice-over spy-spoof What's Up, Tiger Lily?, which you certainly should), and although Allen already had a sizable group of admirers (including this longtime fan), his 1977 mainstream smash gave him commercial clout and a little something called the Best Picture Academy Award.
What kind of movie wins major awards, earns big box-office, and puts its writer-director-star in position to make a feature a year for the next 35 years? Here's the catch: You can't cram this gem into one easy category. Sure, it's essentially a romantic comedy, and you can call it that without getting huge arguments. But the story of neurotic, selfish comedian Alvy Singer (Allen, of course) and his up-and-down affair with equally neurotic, selfish Midwesterner Annie Hall (Diane Keaton in a bravura, signature performance), is much more than your basic boy-girl three-act love story.
For starters, Annie Hall boasts the pre-eminent collection of memorable Allen one-liners. The film begins and ends with well-aged Borscht Belt jokes, and the intervening 93 minutes are packed with witticisms both classic and topical. Even better, his 1977 gags still ring true in the new century. Try this for a sample: … "the rest of the country looks upon New York like we're left-wing, communist, Jewish, homosexual pornographers. I think of us as that sometimes and I live here." That joke would go over great at a modern Tea Party convention, don't you think?
And of course, there's Annie, with her goofy outfits (allegedly wearing her own clothes and definitely kicking off a late-'70s fashion trend), white-bread background and "la-di-da" speech patterns. How about Alvy's jaundiced view of Los Angeles? When Annie observes, "it's so clean out here," Alvy replies, "That's because they don't throw their garbage away, they turn it into television shows." Is that still valid or what?
You also get a meditation novice who forgot his mantra (Jeff Goldblum in a one-line bit part), a memorable sight gag about sneezing into party dust, and early screen appearances by, among others, Sigourney Weaver, Shelley Hack, Shelley Duvall, Paul Simon (in a minor role that propels a key plot point) and – in a cameo that sets a standard for comic creepiness – Christopher Walken as Annie's troubled brother. The one-liners never let up, and the fantasy sequences (ghostly visits to the past, an animated scene, a fantasy vindication in a movie queue) keep the audience alert and amused.
But enough with the jokes. There's so much more here – real humanity floats in this sea of glib observations. The very nature of romantic love is questioned, twisted, batted around, and then left up to the viewer to decipher. Because it lacks the traditional rom-com conclusion, this film set a new standard for the genre that gave us Doris Day-Rock Hudson cutesiness. Annie Hall is different because its cutting edge doesn't carve into the heart of genuine feeling.
There's even good music: Annie's singing debut gives us the standards "Seems Like Old Times" and "It Had To Be You" (the latter song made even more of a classic when it came up in another grand comedy, When Harry Met Sally … ). It's a wonder Keaton didn't keep on singing in the rest of her films.
There's more to enjoy, and I'm here to advise you that no matter how many times you've seen this movie, you'll get more out of it by watching the new Blu-Ray edition. Details and clarity pop out.
Annie Hall is presented in its original aspect ratio of 1.85:1. The 1080p image is arrived at with an AVC MPEG-4 codec at an average 30 mbps. The Blu-Ray imagery is superbly sharp, especially compared to the old DVD release that we slapped on the screen for comparison. The colors are snappier, the edges more defined, the close-ups more natural.
The DTS-HD Master Audio 2.0 is a serviceable enough audio presentation. You can hear the dialog just fine, and the musical cues sound about how you would expect as much of it is source music. The mix respects the original material with no need at all to try to update what you hear outside of making it cleaner than it has ever been.
No, there aren't any extras. Allen doesn't do commentaries or show deleted scenes. There are no retrospective interviews with the principals – a sad sign of neglect. Just a trailer remains here.
As one who bought this film on VHS, laser disc and DVD, I'm delighted to have the chance to earn a Blu-Ray copy by sharing my love for this timeless masterpiece from a filmmaker who may not always be great, but who has remained steadfastly fascinating for four decades.
Meet the Browns – Season 4	Safe House


Understanding the anatomy, topography, and calculus type is essential to effective power instrumentation of deep pockets.
Periodontal pocket depths greater than 5 mm, as measured by a periodontal probe, are considered deep pockets in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Probing depth is an essential disease parameter for planning a patient's individualized debridement for initial periodontal therapy.
Although periodontal probing depth is important when planning instrumentation, additional disease indicators should be taken into account. The probing depth must be considered with the clinical attachment level to gain perspective on the patient's root structure and his or her disease status.
The topography of the periodontal pocket requires analysis. Periodontal pockets can be wide and curved (bathtub shaped) or narrow and long (cylindrical shaped). The pocket shape could also be wide and narrow or complex, such as a spiral pocket curving from one surface to another (Figure 1).
Also, calculus size, tenacity, and location within the pocket are significant. The use of an explorer designed for periodontal instrumentation (eg, extended shank 11/12) is essential to evaluate the type of deposit, such as heavy and tenacious, or moderate and nontenacious. This explorer is used to reassess instrumentation and evaluate the clinical endpoint.
Additionally, the degree of inflammation, bleeding on probing, furcation invasions, tissue tone, and location of restorations should be considered. Accurate assessment findings are necessary to select the appropriate ultrasonic insert/tip (UIT) for quality debridement.
UIT selection is based on assessment data. Water delivery method and handle design are both the clinician's choice because these features are independent of assessment findings. The choice of shank shape and width, as well as UIT length, however, are dependent on the assessment data, tissue tone, and use of local anesthesia.
The shank diameter in cross section can be thought of as a rectangle (eg, beavertail), diamond (eg, triple bend) or circle (eg, universal or thin subgingival UITs). The length of the UIT is determined by its name and by manufacturer photographs or samples. Generally, the thinner the UIT, the longer the shank and tip. Also, many thin UITs are tapered near the working end; therefore, the width at the active tip area (ie, up to 4 mm for magnetostrictive; 2 mm to 3.5 mm for piezoelectric) is important in relation to effectiveness. Only the active tip area will be adapted to the root; use of more than 4 mm can create incomplete removal or burnishing of hard deposits.
Many manufacturers recommend that most subgingival UITs be used for light to moderate calculus with low to medium power settings. This recommendation limits the choices for large, tenacious deposit removal. However, a few UITs can be used for this purpose on higher power (eg, beavertail, triple bend). Therefore, the shape and diameter are important elements for choosing an UIT that matches the pocket dynamics.
Initially, traditional UITs with wider and bent shanks are used for larger tenacious calculus. The active tip area needs to reach and touch the subgingival deposit to remove it. Additionally, hand instruments, such as working files (eg, Hirschfeld 3/7 and 5/11) can be used in conjunction with UITs to fracture the hard deposit. Using a long, fine, and round UIT in this situation, no matter the power setting, will likely burnish tenacious calculus. This choice might be tempting if considering only pocket depth instead of type of deposit or other assessment information.
Next, use of thinner UITs, which are round in diameter, are indicated on a lower power setting. For example, in a 7-mm area with light calculus and plaque biofilm, a very thin round tip may be used (eg, After Five Series of straight, left, and right). However, if the area is shallower (5 mm), the same UITs could be used or a shorter round UIT (eg, #10). This choice depends on pocket topography, as well as access to the deposits based on tissue tone and use of local anesthesia. A triple bend design for subgingival debridement with magnetostrictive units (XT Triple Bend ) is available that is thinner than the traditional triple bend design (#3).
Another consideration is root anatomy. The curvature of the UIT's shank should be such that it can access the pocket and adapt to the root's concavities and furcation anatomy. Most UIT manufacturers have guides on their websites to aid in selection.
To begin periodontal debridement, decide if the pocket environment can be instrumented from the epithelial attachment (EA) to gingival margin (GM) or vice versa. Often with deep pockets, the approach will be from the GM to the EA. Conversely, moving from the EA to the GM in deep pockets will only be appropriate if the EA is easily accessed due to inflamed gingiva or the presence of only light to moderate nontenacious calculus. The descriptions below address curved and narrow pocket shapes, however, not all situations or approaches are addressed. For additional recommendations on power settings and technique, refer to other articles in Dimensions of Dental Hygiene and manufacturer instructions.
Initially, adapt the UIT by touching the deposit with the pointed or blunt end, depending on the UIT chosen (Figure 2). Generally, the active tip area is used to engage hard deposits during instrumentation; however, use of the end is best for calculus removal in this circumstance. Continue fracturing the deposit by "tapping" the end on the top and sides of the calculus. Advance by reaching further subgingivally toward the EA as the deposit is removed. The shank will be vertical and parallel to the long axis of the tooth (Figure 2) or bisecting the long axis. Horizontal strokes are not recommended in this first phase of instrumentation because of the potential for burnishing a deposit by shaving it from the outside to the inside. Use hand instruments intermittently as described above.
Decide if the pocket can be debrided in its entirety from GM to EA (Figure 3) or if it would be advantageous to divide the pocket into sections (Figure 4). Concentrating on activation in these two sections aids in thorough debridement. The coronal most portion can be instrumented, followed by instrumentation of the apical section. This decision depends on the topography of the pocket, type of calcified deposits within the environment, and where the calcified deposits are located on the root.
The second stage of periodontal debridement occurs after the large deposits are removed. For deposits in bathtub-shaped pockets, oblique strokes from the EA to the GM are activated adapting the active tip area (eg, 2 mm to 3 mm) (Figure 5). Horizontal and vertical strokes are also used to thoroughly remove plaque biofilm and calculus.
If the pocket is very deep (7 mm or greater) consider dividing the space in half. In this case, the first set of strokes will proceed from the EA to the middle of the pocket located about 3.5 mm from the EA (Figure 6). The next set of strokes will begin from the middle of the pocket to the GM. The entire root surface must be touched with the active tip at about a 10° angle to remove both fine calculus and plaque biofilm in small 2 mm increments. Therefore, oblique, horizontal, and vertical strokes are applied in an organized sequence. Hand instrumentation must be used to complete scaling and root planing.
Narrow pocket depth can manifest on any surface, often creating challenges. The pocket contour might be narrow on an anterior or premolar tooth surface, such as the facial, or a posterior tooth on the buccal surface of either the distal or mesial root (Figure 7). Even greater challenges occur when the location of the narrow pocket is at the line angle or on proximal surfaces (Figure 8).
As described above, calculus removal will progress from the GM to the EA, initially by engaging the end of the UIT with a tapping motion to fracture calculus from its top edge, moving apically. The narrow nature of the pocket indicates a mostly vertical approach with the tip. An oblique or bisecting approach will not be effective in reaching all sides of the pocket due to the pockets' restricted width and depth.
FIGURE 7. Narrow pocket on posterior tooth.
FIGURE 8. Narrow pocket on the line angle.
The approach will move from EA to the GM in the second stage of instrumentation. The motions can be across the root from side to side (Figure 9) or in varying directions accomplishing crosshatching, if space permits (Figure 10). Again, pocket depth is considered when determining if debridement will be from the EA to GM in its entirety, or if the depth will be divided into two sections: one at the apical end and one toward the GM. Mini- or micro mini-bladed curets are useful in the narrow pocket for completing scaling and root planing.
There is limited research about specific UITs and their effectiveness. One study reported thin ultrasonic inserts produced a root surface free of plaque, calculus, gouges, and scratches at 4.65 mm compared with 3.13 mm for standard inserts.1 A study comparing #10 and thin inserts found no statistically significant difference between the two in debridement in pockets of varying depths.2 Both inserts, however, reached the apical plaque border of pockets of any depth. A trend was noted in that the thin inserts more easily debrided the apical plaque border in pockets 7 mm or greater.
FIGURE 9. Narrow pocket: activation side to side.
FIGURE 10. Narrow pocket: activation crosshatching.
Approaching deep pockets knowing the topography, anatomy, and calculus types is essential. Thorough periodontal assessment data are paramount for proper UIT selection, adaptation, and activation to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of power instrumentation. Adapting the appropriate active tip area and thorough root coverage are key to success. Planning the approach to ultrasonic instrumentation in deep pockets is essential to achieving a quality clinical endpoint for optimal healing.
Dragoo MR. A clinical evaluation of hand and ultrasonic instruments on subgingival debridement with unmodified and modified ultrasonic inserts. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1992;12:310–323.
Clifford LR, Needleman Ig. Chan YK. Comparison of periodontal pocket penetration by conventional and microultrasonic inserts. J Clin Perio. 1999;26:124–130.
From Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. January 2019;17(1):16,18,21.
Kathleen O. Hodges, RDH, MS, is a professor emerita in the Department of Dental Hygiene at Idaho State University in Pocatello who teaches in the Master of Science program. She has 40 years of experience in dental hygiene education, including clinical teaching and administration. Hodges works in private practice and is a member of the American Dental Hygienists' Association. She is also a board member for the Western Society of Periodontology and a Dimensions of Dental Hygiene Editorial Advisory Board member.