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A note to Comcast from a tiny minority
November 7, 2009 in infrastructure | 26 comments
Not long after I overheard a Comcast ad on a college football broadcast, the doorbell rang. It was a guy wearing a Comcast shirt and carrying a clipboard-type contraption with some kind of a phone-like keyboard at one end. Under the clip was a list of channels. We greeted each other, and he asked me if we had cable. I said no, we just had Internet service.
"Oh, from RCN?"
"No, Verizon FiOS."
"Oh. Just Internet?"
"No telephone?"
"We dropped it along with the television. We only use the Net."
"Just Internet?"
"Just Internet."
"What kind of speed are you getting?"
"We have 20Mb symmetrical service. Twenty up, twenty down."
"We can beat that."
"We have fifty."
"Fifty up and down?"
"Fifty. It's expensive, though."
"Seventy a month."
"That's not bad, if it's symmetrical. What's the upstream speed?"
"Fifty."
"You sure? If you can tell me twenty up, we might have a deal."
He wasn't sure. "Hang on. Let me make a call."
A conversation with somebody at Comcast followed. "Oh," he said to the phone. "Okay… okay." After hanging up, he said, "It's fifty down and ten up."
"Can't do twenty, huh?"
He started to walk down the stairs in front of the house. "Only a tiny minority wants that," he said.
"That might be the case nationwide," I replied. "But around here with all these universities and businesses, you'll get more demand. You might have sold me if you could have beaten Verizon's offer."
He shook his head. "It's just a tiny minority." And then he walked down the sidewalk, toward the next doorbell.
Bonus link.
Pingback from Friends of Dave (friendsofdave) 's status on Saturday, 07-Nov-09 22:37:44 UTC - Identi.ca on November 7, 2009 at 6:37 pm
Andrew Leyden on November 7, 2009 at 6:44 pm
The fact that anyone is even asking for better up speed should be a sign more is needed. Most people are clueless about the up but if it has risen to the level of even a 'tiny minority' you would think there was a business there.
Benjamin Straw on November 7, 2009 at 6:44 pm
I wish I could get a better Internet service provider like Verizon FiOS, it would make life a lot happier with out Comcast's BS.. Like the 404 DNS redirect that… no one wants, Technicians that are contractors for your company that don't do anything and blames the customer for the problem, Service that works 99.9% of the time, Tech's and their managers that don't lie to you over the phone and at for face, Tech's that don't show up and when they do they are late or really early.. like 7am on a Saturday, and 4 months of time and headaches wasted trying to get the service to work after Comcast upgrades your service, but some how only works when the tech's are at your home. COMCAST FAIL
BTW this is a rant and I still want Verizon FiOS
Doc Searls on November 7, 2009 at 7:00 pm
Yep. The above is from a longer conversation in which I said that, basically. The guy was selling TV, though.
Inconvenient fact: the best looking pictures you'll get on your new 1080p flat screen come from your 1080p camcorder. They're compressed, but not nearly as much as streams from cable and satellite.
Wait until ordinary folks start wanting to move more hi-def video around. Then that tiny minority will get a lot bigger, fast.
Flip on November 7, 2009 at 9:11 pm
Here in the San Francisco bay area, I only get 2Mbs up.
On a good day, maybe 10Mbs down, but most of the time only 4Mbs down.
Richard Bennett on November 7, 2009 at 10:23 pm
So here's the deal: you can have a symmetrical pipe, or you can have an unmanaged pipe, but you can't have both. Why? Because that's the way the Internet is designed.
Between your house to the nearest Internet Exchange Point, your ISP (any ISP, doesn't matter who it is) aggregates a set of lower-speed pipes onto higher-speed pipes, multiple times; looking at it from the other direction, it disaggregates fat pipes onto narrow pipes multiple times.
If all the pipes are symmetrical but pipes get fatter further from your home, you will have congestion events on the downstream side but not so much on the upstream side. Users do more downstream than upstream, so ISPs provide more b/w on that side, reducing congestion, relieving the need for management, and reducing symmetry.
So which would you rather have, a symmetrical pipe or a dumb pipe? You can't have both, so you have to choose; it's the aggregation, you see.
Russell Nelson on November 8, 2009 at 3:09 am
I'm pretty sure that you don't know what you're talking about, Richard. None of what you say applies to a bunch of Ethernet-connected machines going into a switch or a router, so why should it apply when you leave the house? Are you possibly confused by the DOCIS need to asymmetric bandwidth?
Andrew Leyden on November 8, 2009 at 10:16 am
I'll be in Hong Kong in two months. 100mb for $13 a month, and upto 1Gbps is available if I want it.
http://stopthecap.com/2009/11/02/hong-kong-broadband-network-cuts-price-in-half-100mbps-service-for-13-a-month/
Did I mention it's fully symmetrical?
Doc Searls on November 8, 2009 at 10:21 am
Comcast, being a cable company, uses DOCSIS, by which data moves on frequency bands defined originally by television. The spec differs by version, but it the throughput is, by intent, asymmetrical. This owes not just to demand, but to the nature of the RF spectrum. Higher frequencies can carry more data. Many frequency bands are used, but the same ones cannot be used both upstream and down, so lower frequencies are typically devoted to slower upstream data service.
Verizon's FiOS, which moves data over lightpaths, also uses different frequencies in the light spectrum. These are also asymmetrical, offering 2.4Gbs down and 1.2Gbs up. What gets provisioned in practice is more complicated, but the service is asymmetrical to begin with.
At the relatively low bandwidths that I operate at in my apartment here, it's no trouble for Verizon to give me 20Mb symmetrical service. I suspect it would be possible for Verizon to give me much higher speeds in both directions as well, especially since we don't use TV service at all here. I don't know how high Comcast is able or willing to go in either direction, but I am sure that its offerings will be asymmetrical.
Usage in general will always be asymmetrical, for such is the nature of personal production and consumption.
My point is about demand. We have competition here. Three brands of fiber run on poles outside our house. We use Verizon's FiOS because it best matches our demand. The nature of my demand, especially for off-site backup (using BackBlaze) and for uploading full-size photos to Flickr (over 32,000 so far) is not unique, nor does it belong to a "tiny minority." The Boston metro is thick with professionals and students working in science and higher education, many with legitimate needs for high speed Internet speeds. They are used to those speeds at work, and they might like it at home too — provided it's available. (At Harvard I've measured service at 100Mb in both directions over Ethernet. Same with UCSB.)
The market is there. All the carriers, however, tend to think in national rather than regional or local terms. They also do a lousy job of promoting their Internet offerings. In my case I found out about FiOS' symmetrical offering from a Verizon employee following one of my blog posts.
Years ago in Santa Barbara a Cox cable guy told me there was no demand for higher upstream speeds because they measured demand and it wasn't there. When I asked him how they could measure demand for what they neither allowed nor promoted, he had no answer. Last I checked Cox was busy moving toward DOCSIS 3.0 — I'm told so they can stay ahead of Verizon's likely deployment of LTE wireless rather than FiOS there. Competition works.
What clearly happened at my house was that somebody at Comcast's local office told the salesman at my door to move on, because I was from a "tiny minority." That the salesman laid that label on me said less about his manners than about Comcast deafness to any form of demand other than what they currently support.
So Comcast lost a sale.
But there is far more to sell than what they offer, especially as personal video going both directions will become a growing form of service demand. There are lots of service offerings from ISPs — in addition to fatter bandwidth — that can address that demand. The winning ISPs will find ways to service that demand. So far, Verizon is winning — at least here in my house, on my street, in Massachusetts.
Andrew, can you check the actual speeds (and restrictions) while you're there? Curious about comparing promotion with reality.
Michael R. Bernstein on November 9, 2009 at 3:17 pm
Here in Albuquerque, there is a company offering 100/150Mb symmetrical FTTH service for $80-100/month:
http://www.citylinkfiber.com/ftth-pricing-plans.html
Unfortunately, it is not available across the whole city (but their coverage is expanding):
http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF&msa=0&msid=110651101806739184460.00046e70b9f77595deadd
Brett Glass on November 10, 2009 at 10:29 pm
Lobbyists for regulation of the Internet claim that we MUST have onerous, overly prescriptive regulation because there's no competition. But Doc's account demonstrates that there is, indeed, competition, and that different people will choose different competitive offerings depending upon their needs.
Most home users don't need blazing upstream speeds, so Comcast's service will likely be attractive to a lot of people even though it wasn't to Doc — who truly is part of a tiny minority. (I'm an Internet power user, and I don't need 20 Mbps upstream.)
So, why regulate? It's clear that that competition is working.
Andrew Leyden on November 11, 2009 at 8:18 am
It will be a few months but I will send you an email about speeds when I get there. They guarantee 80% of the speed at all times, but only when using local sites (ha!)
Still, I plan on running several IPTV services from the UK and US while there so I will be testing it quite a bit.
Doc Searls on November 11, 2009 at 12:53 pm
Brett, two things.
One is that I might be a member of a tiny minority now, but this will end. Greater upstream speeds will be required, especially as more of us traffic in video of our own creation.
The other is that competition works where it's available. I'm no fan of government regulation either; but I would favor the kind that open up more available bandwidth from more sources in more places. (Not that this is a current regulatory agenda, by the way.)
Russell Nelson on November 12, 2009 at 2:47 am
Doc, what's keeping $FOO from running fiber all around Cambridge? Well, for one, the poles are privately owned. Okay, so put up your own poles. Oops, the government won't let you do that. Well, then bury it. Nope, you need a license to do that. Well, then just string it from building to building. That's fine until you want to cross a road. Again, gotta ask the government.
The incumbents didn't have to cross all those barriers to entry. Hell, their practices were responsible for some of them being created. They were able to cross the barriers *after* having a proven business model.
We need to be clear here: if there's a natural monopoly in telecom, it's only because the government created it.
Pingback from Technically Philly » Comcast Roundup: NBC deal awaits Vivendi approval, Cohen called most powerful Philadelphian and More | Covering the Community of People Who Use Technology in Philadelphia. on November 12, 2009 at 9:34 am
Trey Sensor on November 13, 2009 at 3:38 pm
Not sure why someone would need 100mb for home use but if there is a need for it then Comcast or other internet service providers should make it affordable so people can get it.
Michelle Murgi, Verizon FiOS on November 13, 2009 at 11:07 pm
Agree with Andrew, "the fact that anyone is even asking for better up speed should be a sign more is needed"…
Brett Glass on November 14, 2009 at 12:23 am
If one is "trafficking" in products that require high bandwidth to transmit, the best solution by far is to rent space in a server farm. Getting the same kind of capacity to every individual home, when most people don't need it, can cost a lot of money and wouldn't be a good investment for the carrier.
As for competition: it exists even in very small towns like the one I live in, which has at least 10 facilities-based providers and dozens of non-facilities-based ones. But admittedly, there is one thing competition won't do: carriers won't compete to lose money on customers. Bandwidth is not free; spectrum isn't free; fiber isn't free; copper isn't free. Competition will keep the price fair, but we will all still have to pay our freight.
Richard Bennett on November 14, 2009 at 4:22 am
Sorry Russell, but I know exactly what I'm talking about.
It doesn't matter whether your first mile is symmetrical or not, the structure of the Internet does not support fully symmetrical usage end-to-end. In order to access the Internet – you know, that big, sprawling, world-wide network – you need to get to an Internet Exchange Point, and the endpoint you want to access has to get to one too. While there's a mesh between well-connected IXPs, the connections between the edge of the first mile network and the IXP are a series of aggregation and disaggregation points. Aggregation is taking many lines down to one, and disaggregation is the reverse. Tell me how we do that with equal size pipes without creating congestion on the aggregated links or with unequal pipes without creating congestion on thr disaggregated links.
Hint: over-provisioning is under-provisioning from another point of view.
Hong Kong is a city of high-rise buildings where it's cheap to pull fiber and easy to advertise ridiculous (local) speeds. Access to content outside HK is at the mercy of undersea cables, so all that bandwidth does for you is get you to the bottleneck faster. I've done ping and traceroute tests from Korea and found the same thing.
Doc Searls on November 14, 2009 at 1:29 pm
Richard, what kinds of speeds, latencies and other variables did you experience in Korea? Not a trick question, just curious.
I also think it's interesting (and consistent with your point) that some providers (e.g. Lafayette, Louisiana's — I'd point to it, but it comes up with annoying music) offers "100 Mbps Peer‐to‐Peer Community Intranet," and lower speeds otherwise: a difference between one local net and The Internet.
Russ, I agree that "government created it," but they were not alone. We have had, in many categories, usually dominated by near-monopolies, what Bob Franskton calls "the regulatorium," and others call "regulatory capture." The result is all kinds of weirdness, ranging from more regulation based on failing capture, and captors of varying power complaining about more regulation of a "free market" that defies the term. I'm still trying to get my head around it all, and I probably never will.
To me what that requires is calling attentions to ironies such as the one I posted above, and otherwise trying to listen with an open mind to everybody who clearly knows more than I do about lots of stuff, which includes everybody in this comment thread.
FWIW, in Santa Barbara the poles are publicly owned, but I see no sign, in spite of strong efforts by locals (including myself), that fiber will ever be run even close to homes. So regulation still requires that all pole-based service to be "undergrounded" (their verbed noun) must be "buried" in a long concrete trench the depth of a grave, so copper phone and cable TV services maintain pole-standard distances from each other under the ground — when in a less complicated future world (like the ones being built, both privately and publicly, in other municipalities), a shallower trench for electrical service plus conduit for fiber, would make more sense.
I actually don't live in Cambridge, but in an adjacent town that decided, wisely, that the best solution was to let every competitor burden the poles with whatever they liked. The result is ugly poles and wiring and a relative paradise of fairly open market competition. The competitors could be a LOT more clueful, but the result is a predictable increase in choice over what a monopoly or duopoly would provide.
Brett Glass on November 14, 2009 at 2:42 pm
Doc, the reason Lafayette, LA can offer very high capacities inside their network but not to the Internet is that they pay $50 per Mbps per month for Internet backbone bandwidth. (You were at Isenberg's conference when they quoted this number.) They can't resell this bandwidth below cost! Unfortunately, unless the FCC is able to free itself of the diversion of unnecessary "network neutrality" regulation and focus on actual problems, such as price gouging on "special access" lines and the middle mile, this situation will persist.
Richard Bennett on November 18, 2009 at 8:48 pm
Pings and traceroutes within Korea are very fast, but between Korea and the rest of the world they're pedestrian.
Mr. Leyden fails to mention an interesting aspect of the Hong Kong service: the international speed is 20 Mb/s. There are services available in the US in comparably densely-populated areas that offer this much capacity for a similar price, once you take out the taxes, fees, USF contributions, eRate, and all the other burdens on the bill.
So what can we learn from Asian broadband? There is an intense transnational rivalry between Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong to offer the highest speed broadband for the lowest price per month. The governments have stoked the rivalry by subsidizing fiber in the cities, where most people live in high-rise buildings. The highest speeds are reserved for local end-to-end connections (no hollow sphere) and their primary use is for low-latency gaming and high capacity P2P (mostly piracy and/or porn).
From these examples and similar dynamics in Scandinavia, one can deduce that extremely high broadband speeds are enabled by population density and subsidy, but they're mainly the result of national rivalries. The US is at a disadvantage, as we don't really have a national rival. We don't particularly care what they can do in Japan or Sweden or even Canada. And if the truth be known, bad weather and crappy TV programming probably creates more demand for very high speed broadband than most other factors.
National telecoms regulators are aware of the fact that the rationale of very high speed broadband is entertainment, not productivity or free speech.
coetsee on December 14, 2009 at 11:21 am
Its all about chasing shadows.
By that I mean latching on to this or that latest, most innovative idea that some self styled money making guru has put out in the hope it'll go viral and make them a lot of money off the backs of all the headless chickens who will follow them blindly down a blind alley. Its a shame but a truism nonetheless that people will follow where someone they see as an expert leads. Even if they lead them to certain disaster, which is what most of the gurus tend to do to their flocks.
The trick is to recognize a shadow when you see it!
http://www.onlineuniversalwork.com


There is a certain irony for drug group Perrigo that a move designed for its perceived tax advantage could end up undermining the finances of the company.
Ireland's corporation tax rate was one of the main attractions for what was then a relatively low-profile pharma group specialising in over-the-counter therapies when it acquired what was left of the State's one-time most successful drug company Elan. It was one a spate of tax-driven transactions at the time, mostly by US companies, known as corporate inversion.
For Perrigo, the Republic's relatively low 12.5 per cent corporate tax rate compared to the US equivalent was augmented by the trading losses built up over a number of years by Elan in its business as a drug development group.
That meant that even with a $3.25 billion transaction like Elan's sale of the rights to the multiple sclerosis drug Tysabri that it had developed, the company would not have to pay any tax at all.
The new assessment – for €1.636 billion with, potentially, interest and penalties to follow – would be a material blow for a company that, as of last night, had a market capitalisation of just $5.2 billion.
Perrigo is not the only company under pressure from the Revenue. Earlier this month, tech company Analog Devices was told that its Irish subsidiary owes about €43 million relating to intercompany transfers stretching back to 2013.
Perrigo noted that Revenue had moved just two months ahead of "the expiry of the applicable five-year statutory limitation period" for review of its 2013 tax bill.
Certainly, Revenue seems to be taking a more activist approach to the tax affairs on multinational operations in the State. There is, however, a suspicion that it might have moved now to establish the claim even if it is not yet clear itself how watertight the case is.
Fianna Fáil finance spokesman Michael McGrath noted Friday that the disputed Perrigo tax assessment brings to over €3 billion the amount of tax that is now subject to appeal.
Speaking on RTÉ, he said there were currently 340 appeals outstanding, some of which have been in the system for more than 10 years. It appears it will be sometime before the exchequer sees the money, if ever.


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Het arrest Faccini Dori/Recreb Srl is een uitspraak van het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Gemeenschappen van 14 juli 1994 (zaak C-91/92), inzake een richtlijn die niet tijdig in nationale wetgeving is omgezet. Kan een particulier bij de nationale rechter een rechtstreeks beroep doen op een bepaling van zo'n richtlijn ten opzichte van een andere particulier?

Richtlijn
Artikel 5 van de  van de Raad van 20 december 1985 betreffende de bescherming van de consument bij buiten verkoopruimten gesloten overeenkomsten luidt:
De consument heeft het recht om, door middel van een kennisgeving binnen een termijn van ten minste 7 dagen na het tijdstip waarop de consument de in artikel 4 bedoelde informatie heeft ontvangen, op de door de nationale wetgeving voorgeschreven wijze en voorwaarden, afstand te doen van de gevolgen van zijn verbintenis. Voor het in acht nemen van de termijn is verzending van de kennisgeving vóór het einde van de termijn voldoende.
De kennisgeving heeft tot gevolg dat de consument van alle verplichtingen uit de opgezegde overeenkomst is ontslagen.

Casus en procesverloop
Mevrouw Paola Faccini Dori heeft in de buurt van het centraal station van Milaan een overeenkomst getekend voor een schriftelijke cursus Engelse handelscorrespondentie bij de vennootschap Interdiffusion. Enkele dagen later, op 23 januari 1989, deelt ze de vennootschap per aangetekende brief mee dat ze haar bestelling annuleert. Zij geeft daarbij aan dat ze, op grond van een Europese richtlijn uit 1985, afstand doet van de gevolgen van de verbintenis, omdat het een buiten verkoopruimten gesloten overeenkomst (colportage) betreft. Nadien heeft Interdiffusion de vordering aan Recreb gecedeerd.

Bij de Giudice conciliatore di Firenze handhaaft Faccini Dori haar standpunt, dat ze conform de richtlijn afstand heeft gedaan van de gevolgen van de verbintenis. Deze rechter verzocht het Hof van Justitie om een prejudiciële beslissing.

Uitspraak Hof
Het Hof stelt vast dat de betreffende Europese richtlijn uit 1985 voor lidstaten de verplichting met zich meebrengt, om voorschriften vast te stellen die de rechtsbetrekkingen tussen handelaren en consumenten regelen. Het is vaste rechtspraak dat een richtlijn uit zichzelf geen verplichtingen aan particulieren kan opleggen. Wel kunnen sommige bepalingen van een richtlijn door particulieren aan de staat of overheidsorganen worden tegengeworpen. Ook moet een nationale rechter de nationale wetgeving zo veel mogelijk uitleggen in lijn met de richtlijn. Is dat niet mogelijk en wordt een particulier benadeeld door een te trage nationale vertaling van een Europese richtlijn dan kan deze schadevergoeding van de staat vorderen, indien (1) de richtlijn ertoe strekt, aan particulieren rechten toe te kennen, (2) die rechten kunnen worden vastgesteld op basis van de richtlijn en (3) er een causaal verband is tussen de geleden schade en de op de staat rustende verplichting.

Conclusie
De uitspraak Faccini Dori bevestigt een belangrijk leerstuk rond Europese richtlijnen:
Een richtlijn is een opdracht (en een verplichting) aan de lidstaten om deze om te zetten in nationale wetgeving, dat wil zeggen om bepaalde voorschriften uit te vaardigen die de richtlijn op nationaal niveau implementeren.
Een particulier kan zich tegenover de overheid beroepen op rechtstreekse werking van bepalingen in een niet tijdig omgezette richtlijn, indien aan een aantal voorwaarden wordt voldaan (verticale rechtstreekse werking).
De horizontale rechtstreekse werking van een niet tijdig omgezette richtlijn is beperkt, omdat particulieren er onderling geen beroep op kunnen doen.
Wel moet een nationale rechter de nationale wetgeving zo veel mogelijk in overeenstemming met de richtlijn uitleggen (richtlijnconforme uitleg).
Bovendien kan een particulier vergoeding vorderen, indien hij schade ondervindt omdat een lidstaat nalatig is om een richtlijn tijdig om te zetten in nationale wetgeving (Francovich-aansprakelijkheid).

Faccini Dori

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Alfred Leyman, 1856 - 1933
Cockington Forge, Torquay, Devon
38.10 x 53.34 cm. (15 x 21 in.)
In the centre of Cockington amongst the pretty thatched cottages stands Cockington Forge. This is one of the most photographed buildings in the country, and dates from the 14th century. In fact, the oldest postcard featuring the village was of the Forge taken in the 1890's. The village was probably founded 2,500 years ago during the Iron Age with evidence of two hill forts on either side of Cockington valley.Little is known about Cockington from that point up until the remains of a small Saxon village were found near the Drum Inn. The evidence from this village shows that it was primarily a fishing and farming village. The first official documentation of the village was in the 10th century.The manor was owned by Alric the Saxon, before William Hostiarus, William de Falesia and Robert FitzMartin, who passed it down to his son Roger, who renounced his name to become Roger de Cockington. The Cockington family owned Cockington Estate from 1048–1348.The Cary family owned the court from 1375 to 1654. It was then sold to the Mallock family, a family of rich silversmiths from Exeter, who owned it from 1654 to 1932 when they sold the estate to the Torquay Corporation.
Leyman was born in Summerland Street in Exeter in 1856 and was the son of John Francis Leyman, a seaman in the Merchant Service, an artist and later a photographer, and Mary Ann Leyman. He spent much of his early life in Exeter which is where he later met, and married his wife Kate Gauntlett in 1887.He moved to Honiton in 1888 and became Art Master at Allhallows School in 1893, a post he filled for forty years until 1933. This seems an extraordinary feat based on the evidence of one pupil who said that Leyman 'had no real teaching ability and he would have been happier alone with his easel, and away from the gathering of rowdy boys'.He seldom left Devon, with the exception of short trips to West Dorset and Somerset, to places like Porlock and Lynton. He supplemented his teaching income by painting popular resorts for the visitors and we regularly see Leyman watercolours of The Guildhall in Exeter, The Butterwalk in Dartmouth, Dittisham, cottages in Clovelly and the street in Otterton.In the period Leyman was at his most prolific, Elands Art Gallery in Exeter were showcasing local artist and staged biannual exhibitions, one in April and one in August. In 1906 sixteen Leyman watercolours were shown and one still finds authentic Eland Gallery labels attached to the old backing boards of Leyman watercolours. Elands were in fact more booksellers than art dealers and the business continued until 2006 when the premises at Mol's Coffee House in Exeter were closed for the last time. Alfred Leyman was a Devon born watercolour artist whose works covered many aspects of late 19th century/ early 20th century Devonion rural life. Leyman did not nationally exhibit his work but did show his paintings locally, at the Annual Devon and Exeter Exhibition held at Elands Art Gallery in 1906 he displayed 16 of his pictures. He concentrated on land and seascapes but was known to have drafted portraits as well as many other scenes from Devonian life as well as a few rare examples of scenery from Dorset and Somerset.He and his wife Kate had one child called Mary who was born in Honiton in 1887.Leyman died in Honiton in 1933 aged 76. His daughter Mary never married and continued to live at the family home until her death in 1963

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Plasmon-driven carbon–fluorine (C(sp 3)–F) bond activation with mechanistic insights into hot-carrier-mediated pathways
Hossein Robatjazi, Junwei Lucas Bao, Ming Zhang, Linan Zhou, Phillip Christopher, Emily A. Carter, Peter Nordlander, Naomi J. Halas
Andlinger Center for Energy & the Environment
The activation of carbon–fluorine bonds is an industrially and environmentally critical, but energetically challenging, transformation. Here we demonstrate a plasmonic photocatalysis approach to visible-light-driven hydrodefluorination that utilizes aluminium–palladium antenna–reactor heterostructures. Photocatalytic hydrodefluorination of aliphatic carbon–fluorine (C(sp3)–F) bonds in fluoromethane as a model molecule, in the presence of deuterium, results in the selective production of monodeuterated methane with a remarkable photocatalytic efficiency and stability. Analysis of the reaction kinetics reveals a reduction in the apparent reaction barrier and changes to the deuterium reaction order under illumination, which suggests a non-thermal contribution from photogenerated hot carriers to the reaction pathway. Using embedded correlated wavefunction methods, the ground- and excited-state energetics and the role of plasmon excitation in lowering the reaction barrier and modifying the kinetics under illumination are determined. Plasmon-mediated carbon–fluorine bond activation represents a promising potential for applications in high-value chemical transformations, as well as in abatement technologies for the mitigation of anthropogenic polyfluoroorganic compounds. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Nature Catalysis
Dive into the research topics of 'Plasmon-driven carbon–fluorine (C(sp 3)–F) bond activation with mechanistic insights into hot-carrier-mediated pathways'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Plasmons Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Deuterium Engineering & Materials Science 81%
Hot carriers Engineering & Materials Science 75%
Lighting Medicine & Life Sciences 63%
fluoromethane Medicine & Life Sciences 53%
Deuterium(.) Chemical Compounds 51%
Illumination Chemical Compounds 50%
Robatjazi, H., Bao, J. L., Zhang, M., Zhou, L., Christopher, P., Carter, E. A., Nordlander, P., & Halas, N. J. (2020). Plasmon-driven carbon–fluorine (C(sp 3)–F) bond activation with mechanistic insights into hot-carrier-mediated pathways. Nature Catalysis, 3(7), 564-573. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-020-0466-5
Robatjazi, Hossein ; Bao, Junwei Lucas ; Zhang, Ming ; Zhou, Linan ; Christopher, Phillip ; Carter, Emily A. ; Nordlander, Peter ; Halas, Naomi J. / Plasmon-driven carbon–fluorine (C(sp 3)–F) bond activation with mechanistic insights into hot-carrier-mediated pathways. In: Nature Catalysis. 2020 ; Vol. 3, No. 7. pp. 564-573.
@article{fd1fb794162249a4b7c078be76384fd4,
title = "Plasmon-driven carbon–fluorine (C(sp 3)–F) bond activation with mechanistic insights into hot-carrier-mediated pathways",
abstract = "The activation of carbon–fluorine bonds is an industrially and environmentally critical, but energetically challenging, transformation. Here we demonstrate a plasmonic photocatalysis approach to visible-light-driven hydrodefluorination that utilizes aluminium–palladium antenna–reactor heterostructures. Photocatalytic hydrodefluorination of aliphatic carbon–fluorine (C(sp3)–F) bonds in fluoromethane as a model molecule, in the presence of deuterium, results in the selective production of monodeuterated methane with a remarkable photocatalytic efficiency and stability. Analysis of the reaction kinetics reveals a reduction in the apparent reaction barrier and changes to the deuterium reaction order under illumination, which suggests a non-thermal contribution from photogenerated hot carriers to the reaction pathway. Using embedded correlated wavefunction methods, the ground- and excited-state energetics and the role of plasmon excitation in lowering the reaction barrier and modifying the kinetics under illumination are determined. Plasmon-mediated carbon–fluorine bond activation represents a promising potential for applications in high-value chemical transformations, as well as in abatement technologies for the mitigation of anthropogenic polyfluoroorganic compounds. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].",
author = "Hossein Robatjazi and Bao, {Junwei Lucas} and Ming Zhang and Linan Zhou and Phillip Christopher and Carter, {Emily A.} and Peter Nordlander and Halas, {Naomi J.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research was financially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI FA9550-15-1-0022) (E.A.C., P.N. and N.J.H.), DTRA (HDTRA1-16-1-0042) (N.J.H. and P.N.) and the Welch Foundation under grants C-1220 (N.J.H.) and C-1222 (P.N.). H.R. acknowledges the Postdoctoral Fellowship support in Chemical Science by the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation. E.A.C. acknowledges the High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) of the US Department of Defense and Princeton University{\textquoteright}s Terascale Infrastructure for Groundbreaking Research in Engineering and Science (TIGRESS) for providing computational resources. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",
journal = "Nature Catalysis",
Robatjazi, H, Bao, JL, Zhang, M, Zhou, L, Christopher, P, Carter, EA, Nordlander, P & Halas, NJ 2020, 'Plasmon-driven carbon–fluorine (C(sp 3)–F) bond activation with mechanistic insights into hot-carrier-mediated pathways', Nature Catalysis, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 564-573. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-020-0466-5
Plasmon-driven carbon–fluorine (C(sp 3)–F) bond activation with mechanistic insights into hot-carrier-mediated pathways. / Robatjazi, Hossein; Bao, Junwei Lucas; Zhang, Ming; Zhou, Linan; Christopher, Phillip; Carter, Emily A.; Nordlander, Peter; Halas, Naomi J.
In: Nature Catalysis, Vol. 3, No. 7, 01.07.2020, p. 564-573.
T1 - Plasmon-driven carbon–fluorine (C(sp 3)–F) bond activation with mechanistic insights into hot-carrier-mediated pathways
AU - Robatjazi, Hossein
AU - Bao, Junwei Lucas
AU - Zhang, Ming
AU - Zhou, Linan
AU - Christopher, Phillip
AU - Carter, Emily A.
AU - Nordlander, Peter
AU - Halas, Naomi J.
N1 - Funding Information: This research was financially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI FA9550-15-1-0022) (E.A.C., P.N. and N.J.H.), DTRA (HDTRA1-16-1-0042) (N.J.H. and P.N.) and the Welch Foundation under grants C-1220 (N.J.H.) and C-1222 (P.N.). H.R. acknowledges the Postdoctoral Fellowship support in Chemical Science by the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation. E.A.C. acknowledges the High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) of the US Department of Defense and Princeton University's Terascale Infrastructure for Groundbreaking Research in Engineering and Science (TIGRESS) for providing computational resources. Publisher Copyright: © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
N2 - The activation of carbon–fluorine bonds is an industrially and environmentally critical, but energetically challenging, transformation. Here we demonstrate a plasmonic photocatalysis approach to visible-light-driven hydrodefluorination that utilizes aluminium–palladium antenna–reactor heterostructures. Photocatalytic hydrodefluorination of aliphatic carbon–fluorine (C(sp3)–F) bonds in fluoromethane as a model molecule, in the presence of deuterium, results in the selective production of monodeuterated methane with a remarkable photocatalytic efficiency and stability. Analysis of the reaction kinetics reveals a reduction in the apparent reaction barrier and changes to the deuterium reaction order under illumination, which suggests a non-thermal contribution from photogenerated hot carriers to the reaction pathway. Using embedded correlated wavefunction methods, the ground- and excited-state energetics and the role of plasmon excitation in lowering the reaction barrier and modifying the kinetics under illumination are determined. Plasmon-mediated carbon–fluorine bond activation represents a promising potential for applications in high-value chemical transformations, as well as in abatement technologies for the mitigation of anthropogenic polyfluoroorganic compounds. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
AB - The activation of carbon–fluorine bonds is an industrially and environmentally critical, but energetically challenging, transformation. Here we demonstrate a plasmonic photocatalysis approach to visible-light-driven hydrodefluorination that utilizes aluminium–palladium antenna–reactor heterostructures. Photocatalytic hydrodefluorination of aliphatic carbon–fluorine (C(sp3)–F) bonds in fluoromethane as a model molecule, in the presence of deuterium, results in the selective production of monodeuterated methane with a remarkable photocatalytic efficiency and stability. Analysis of the reaction kinetics reveals a reduction in the apparent reaction barrier and changes to the deuterium reaction order under illumination, which suggests a non-thermal contribution from photogenerated hot carriers to the reaction pathway. Using embedded correlated wavefunction methods, the ground- and excited-state energetics and the role of plasmon excitation in lowering the reaction barrier and modifying the kinetics under illumination are determined. Plasmon-mediated carbon–fluorine bond activation represents a promising potential for applications in high-value chemical transformations, as well as in abatement technologies for the mitigation of anthropogenic polyfluoroorganic compounds. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
JO - Nature Catalysis
JF - Nature Catalysis
Robatjazi H, Bao JL, Zhang M, Zhou L, Christopher P, Carter EA et al. Plasmon-driven carbon–fluorine (C(sp 3)–F) bond activation with mechanistic insights into hot-carrier-mediated pathways. Nature Catalysis. 2020 Jul 1;3(7):564-573. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-020-0466-5


text:
Home Science & Technology Now Print per...
Now Print perovskite Solar Cells easily and at the cost similar to bringing out a Newspaper!
Researchers of University of Toronto Engineering have found that the solar cells manufactured with perovskite mineral could lead to low-cost solar panels
Solar panels absorbing sunlight. Pixabay
Toronto, Feb 18, 2017: Researchers have found a novel way to print perovskite solar cells easily and at a cost similar to bringing out a newspaper!
A team, led by Hairen Tan from University of Toronto Engineering found that the solar cells manufactured with perovskite mineral could lead to low-cost, printable solar panels capable of turning nearly any surface into a power generator.
NewsGram brings to you current foreign news from all over the world.
"Economies of scale have greatly reduced the cost of silicon manufacturing," Ted Sargent, an expert in emerging solar technologies, said in a university statement.
"Potentially, perovskites and silicon cells can be married to improve efficiency further, but only with advances in low-temperature processes," added Sargent, who is also the Canada Research Chair in Nanotechnology.
NewsGram brings to you top news around the world today.
Perovskite solar cells depend on a layer of tiny crystals — each about 1,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair — made of low-cost, light-sensitive materials.
Because the perovskite raw materials can be mixed into a liquid to form a kind of 'solar ink', they could be printed onto glass, plastic or other materials using a simple inkjet printing process.
"The most effective materials for making electron selective layers (ESLs) start as a powder and have to be baked at high temperatures, above 500 degrees Celsius," said Tan.
Check out NewsGram for latest international news updates.
Tan noted that perovskite solar cells using the older, high-temperature method are only marginally better at 22.1 per cent and even the best silicon solar cells can only reach 26.3 per cent.
Tan's perovskite solar cells were also stable and retained more than 90 per cent of their efficiency even after 500 hours of use. (IANS)
Hairen Tan
latest international news updates
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Palestinians Inaugurates First Solar Plant to Reduce Dependence on Israeli Power Sources
Palestinian workers install solar panels at Khan Younis Waste Water Treatment Plant, in the southern Gaza Strip
solar energy plant


text:
For the past 50 years, since the first Dodge Charger took to the streets in 1966, Americans have enjoyed an obsession with power, performance and style. The 1966 model was the brand's first purpose-built muscle car, and left the competition in the dust with an enormous, optional 426 HEMI® V8 engine that pumped out 425 horsepower at 5, 000 rpm and 490 pound-feet of torque at 4, 000 rpm. The '66 Dodge Charger was a flat-out menace on the asphalt, and a game-changer in a hyper-competitive segment and era.
With the foundation firmly in place, the Dodge Charger continued to grow in size and stature, year after year, always striving for cutting-edge design, awe-inspiring interiors, and performance and capability that broke boundaries with each new iteration of the iconic vehicle.
In this five part series, the Redline Dodge Blog is looking back at five landmark models in the Dodge Charger's 50-year history. Today we're focusing on the 1968 Dodge Charger, with blog posts to follow on the 1969 Charger, 1970 Charger, 2006 Charger and 2016 Charger SRT® Hellcat.
The 1968 Dodge Charger: Interior, Exterior and Engines
The 1968 Dodge Charger built on the reputation and successes of the 1966 model, maintaining the soul and inspiration of the vehicle while introducing new design and performance upgrades. Perhaps most notably, the 1968 Dodge Charger was the first to feature the eye-catching Coke Bottle styling, with a curvier front fender and rear quarter panel.
Designer Richard Sias was the mastermind behind the 1968 Charger's groundbreaking Coke Bottle styling, and Harvey J. Winn was responsible for the front- and rear-end sheet metal. The 1968 Charger replaced the electric motor rotating headlights with a vacuum-operated cover, while staying true to form and retaining the full-width hidden-headlamp grille. Dual circular taillamps replaced the full-width versions, and dual scallops were added to the doors and hood.
Not to be outdone by the Coke Bottle exterior, the interior of the 1968 Charger saw its own upgrades and changes. For starters, the center armrest was removed, along with the rear bucket seats, which were replaced with fixed rear seats. The tachometer was no longer a standard feature, and conventional gauges were added, as well as a vinyl mat in the trunk.
Of course, power is the thing, and the 1968 Dodge Charger had that in spades, featuring a standard 318-cubic-inch (5.2-liter) 2-bbl V8 engine, and later that year, a 225-cubic-inch (3.7-liter) slant-six engine. For those who opted for the high-performance package, the 1968 Dodge Charger R/T boasted a 375-horsepower 440 Magnum or the optional 425-horsepower 426 HEMI engine.
1968 also marked the introduction of the "Scat Pack" and its cartoon ad campaign. The Charger R/T came to be recognized for its bumblebee stripes, not to mention its powerful engine. Even Hollywood took notice; the 1968 Dodge Charger R/T 440 Magnum was featured in one of the big screen's most iconic car chase scenes.
With plenty of power under the hood and an updated design, the 1968 Dodge Charger found its way into movies, auto shows and driveways all across America. The gauntlet was laid, and the most formidable competition would prove to be the following year's model. Stay tuned for an upcoming blog post on the 1969 Dodge Charger.
Tagged 1968, 1968 Dodge Charger, 426 hemi, 426 HEMI Engine, 426 HEMI V8, charger, dodge, Dodge Charger, HEMI, hemi engine, HEMI V8, R/T |


V.G.C. Films shoots have developed an unsavory reputation among regular crew members for the extreme conditions that often accompany them, but the lack of life-threatening temperatures on the set of the plague. was balanced out by the intensity and duration of the shoot. the plague. was an endurance run, but the prize at the finish line is a beautiful one.


Games Start Friday Night at 6:00pm and go through early Sunday evening. Start and end times of each division will vary by the number of teams that enter into each division. Games will be from 7:00am-11:00pm on Saturday and 8:00am-8:00pm on Sunday.
Two referees and scorekeeper for each game.
Teams must submit at least a $250 non- refundable deposit to hold their team's spot.
Teams must be paid in full before their first game.
If you park in the garage under the rink you can park there for free for 3 hours with a validated ticket that you get stamped by the machine upstairs by the skate shop. If you are there for more than 3 hours you can ask a rink associate for a coupon that will grant you free parking. Street parking is also an option if spots are available. Please read the signs in the area for parking rules.
After most points is Head-to-head, Goal Difference, Goals Against, Goals For, Least amount of penalty minutes, coin flip.
Bring your family for public skating sessions on Friday from 8pm - 10pm and Saturday and Sunday from 12:30pm - 1:50pm. Admission is $10 and skate rentals are $5.
Players please send an email to Saints@mahockeyleague.com to request link to register for the MAHL Saints at a discounted rate (Save $25).
Players please email info@mahockeyleague.com if you'd like to register a team or enter as an individual. You will save $150 per team or $25 per player. Full teams must be made up of Skate 22 Members.
please send an email to info@mahockeyleague.com if you'd like to register a team and save $150. All members of the team must be first responders which includes Fire, Police, EMS and Military.
We are offering a variety of sticks for sale in multiple patterns/flexs @ Boston Tea Cup 2019!
- Stick prices: Being sold @ Special Price for only (75$) during the weekend only!
- Contact us: For specific sticks if you prefer certain patterns/flexs etc.
Right next to the rink there is Flat Bread Pizza Co that has bowling and a full bar and great pizza!!
Also next to the rink is the Rail Stop Restaurant. Full bar, great food and fun atmosphere!
You will find the information for your online reservation link below. If you have any questions or need help with the link, please do not hesitate to ask. We appreciate your business and look forward to a successful event.


text:
Billie Fleming
Discussion in 'WWII Era Obituaries (non-military service)' started by GRW, May 30, 2014.
"Billie Fleming, who has died aged 100, set a women's world record in 1938 for the greatest distance cycled in a single year.
Billie Dovey, as she then was, was a 24-year-old secretary and typist who had become inspired by the ideas of the Women's League of Health & Beauty, an organisation founded in the 1930s by Mary Bagot Stack as "a league of women who will renew their energy in themselves and for themselves day by day". A keen cyclist, Billie Dovey decided to put principles into action by embarking on an extensive cycling tour of the British Isles.
The cycle maker Rudge Whitworth agreed to provide her with a bike — a heavy steel machine fitted with a three-speed cycle derailleur gear — and to arrange sponsorship, in return for her agreeing to ride the bike every day of the year and to help promote the company. One of her sponsors, Cadbury, provided her with 5lbs of chocolate every month in return for her appearing in their advertisements.
The "Rudge Whitworth Keep Fit Girl", as she was billed in the press, set out on January 1 1938 from the New Horticultural Halls, Westminster, and rode to Mill Hill, Aylesbury and then back to Mill Hill, a total of 71 miles. After 365 days she had ridden her bike 29,603.4 miles — 35 times the distance from Land's End to John O'Groats; more than eight times the distance from London to New York; and almost three times the distance from London to Sydney. "I just got on my bike in the morning and kept cycling all day. I rode all over the country," she recalled. A hard day's pedalling was often followed by a promotional visit to a Rudge Whitworth cycle dealer, and then sometimes a talk at a village hall or cycling event.
Billie Dovey had no pannier on her bike – just a small saddlebag with a change of clothes and a few tools. She carried no water and relied on local cafés and shops for food. Apart from one puncture, the bike suffered no mechanical problems.
To prove she had travelled the miles she claimed, Billie Dovey had to complete "checking cards" and get them signed by witnesses and posted back to Cycling magazine. She had a cyclometer on her bike and she had to go to the magazine's offices in London at intervals to prove that it had not been tampered with.
Although her average was 81 miles a day, there were days when she did far more. One morning, in York, she decided to cycle back home to Mill Hill, a distance of 186 miles.
In 1942 an Australian woman cyclist set out to take the record from Billie Dovey, but her claim to have cycled 54,402.8 miles in a year was dismissed after the Australian cycling authorities scrutinised her log books. Despite the advent of bikes made with lightweight alloys and fitted with multiple speed gears (a trend Billie thought ridiculous — "three is plenty") her record is thought to have remained unbroken to this day. "I was young and fit and ready to take on anything," she recalled.
The eldest of three sisters, she was born Lilian Irene Bartram on April 13 1914 in Camden, north London, just three months before the outbreak of the First World War. Her father was a toolmaker. She attended the Lyulph Stanley Central School, Camden, which she left aged 16 to become a typist.
She developed a passion for cycling when she met a boy at a youth club who rode a bike and took her on to the Barnet bypass in Mill Hill to teach her how to ride.
After her record-breaking journey in 1938 she had planned to ride across the United States, but was prevented from doing so by the outbreak of the Second World War, during which she worked in the buying office of an aircraft company. She consoled herself in 1940 by breaking three cycling records riding a tricycle — the 25-mile, 50-mile and 100-mile distances."
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10865425/Billie-Fleming-obituary.html
GRW, May 30, 2014


In the past few years there have been a number of entrants into the area of Cloud-based practice management. These companies offer the promise of practice management Nirvana — run your practice on any device, from anywhere with no software installation, no server, and even no network. ActionStep, which has an installed base in New Zealand and Australia, has adapted its practice management system for the U.S. law market. I am going through their training curriculum this summer and will be releasing a formal review on TechnoLawyer's SmallLaw newsletter in September. For now, here are a few highlights.
The "matter manager" is what distinguishes a matter management system from simply a jumped up CRM (Contract Relation Manager). ActionStep has a sophisticated and configurable matter manager. The dashboard lets you see in a glance recent activity, next steps, and billing. And in 3 clicks you can see any information on the file.
Perhaps the most unique feature of ActionStep is their workflow engine. It breaks a matter into "Steps", and each step can be associated with a series of tasks, calls, notes and documents. These Steps can be "imported" into a system allowing for rapid development. They also can have branches depending upon outcomes.
A matter management system without document assembly is simply a glorified calendar and billing system. Even with custom fields, if you can't produce documents using that data, in the words of Prof. Kingsfield in The Paper Chase, "Mister Hart, here is a dime. Take it, call your mother, and tell her there is serious doubt about you ever becoming a lawyer. " Without document assembly, the "raison d'etre" of the system is simply missing.
ActionStep treats document assembly seriously. First, there are custom fields that are data typed. Fields are more than simple text-boxes. They include text, text blocks, number, currency, dae and time, links to appointments, dropdown lists, and multi-select dropdown lists, as well as checkboxes and autonumbers. And you can including repeating custom records, also accessible during document assembly.
They are associated with matter types. Second, you can have collections or lists of custom records with custom fields. And ALL of these fields can be put into the document; including repeating fields with proper handling of repeats and text formatting and changes. The tools are not yet perfect, but there may be some further news down the pike that will bring full function document assembly into ActionStep.
Many Cloud based practice management systems and desktop client-server practice management systems can do billing; and most can do trust accounting; but very few can do full-on accounting inside the same integrated database. ActionStep lets you set up a full chart of accounts. It even supports multiple-division charts of accounts. And that is because much of their business, and where they started was a business workflow system with a full-on accounting in the cloud.
When it comes to Trust Accounting, you can set it up to post the money to multiple bank accounts. The system has reconciliations and a range of accounting features that come close to those of Quickbooks. And because they are in one database, you can do reporting across the accounting back office and the practice management front-office. If you want a separate accounting system, there is integration with Xero.com, a leading Cloud vendor of accounting software and Quickbooks Online integration is under development.
ActionStep builds email into the workflow. Emails can be recieved into ActionStep and sent from ActionStep. Attaching an email to a Matter is as simple as sending it to [MatterNum]@firmname.com. When sending an email from ActionStep, you can make use of email templates that are personal and cusstomized. They can use fields from the matter and any linked contacts on the matter.
These are just "first looks". Be sure to subscribe to www.Technolawyer.com, the SmallLaw newsletter, if you want to read the full review.


text:
Q: Xamarin Forms: Write a file in Android device's internal storage I am developing a cross-platform app using Xamarin Forms PCL project. In this I need to write a file in Android's internal storage so that I can access it. I have given Write to External Storage permissions but when I try to write the file it says Access is denied.
Here is what I tried:
Java.IO.File DataDirectoryPath = Android.OS.Environment.DataDirectory;
string dirPath = DataDirectoryPath.AbsolutePath + "/MyFolder";
bool exists = Directory.Exists(dirPath);
string filepath = dirPath + "/test.txt";
if (!exists)
{
    Directory.CreateDirectory(dirPath);
    if (!File.Exists(filepath))
    {
        File.Create(filepath).Dispose();
        using (TextWriter tw = new StreamWriter(filepath))
        {
            tw.WriteLine("The very first line!");
            tw.Close();
        }
    }
}

A:
In this I need to write a file in android's internal storage so that i can acccess it. I have given Write to External Storage permissions but when I try to write the file it says Access is denied.

First of all, the permission <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> is for external storage, hence it doesn't work for the internal storage.
Based on your code:
Java.IO.File DataDirectoryPath = Android.OS.Environment.DataDirectory;

You used Data Directory for your writing, this directory is owned by system and there is no permission for writing to it, there're several discussions about this issue on SO, for example: Data directory has no read/write permission in Android
.
So, as it suggested in the answer there, you can use getFilesDir() to write in internal storage, in Xamarin, it is Android.Content.Context.FilesDir Property.
Update:
I wrote some code based on your code, it should be the same, for example:
var dirPath = this.FilesDir + "/MyFolder";
var exists = Directory.Exists(dirPath);
var filepath = dirPath + "/test.txt";
if (!exists)
{
    Directory.CreateDirectory(dirPath);
    if (!System.IO.File.Exists(filepath))
    {
        var newfile = new Java.IO.File(dirPath, "test.txt");
        using (FileOutputStream outfile = new FileOutputStream(newfile))
        {
            string line = "The very first line!";
            outfile.Write(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(line));
            outfile.Close();
        }
    }
}

I also checked this file by DDMS, it can be seen under the folder: data\data\yourAPP\files\MyFolder\test.txt:

I just test Xamarin.Android project, didn't tried to use DependencyService for Xamarin.Forms, if you're trying to do that, just replace the word this in the code above to your android context.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
1 dead, 1 seriously injured in La. Highway 6 crash
The Town Talk
A 78-year-old Natchitoches man died after a two-vehicle crash on La. Highway 6 Tuesday afternoon, according to Louisiana State Police.
The crash happened around 5 p.m. east of La. Highway 117 in Hagewood.
The release states that Robert L. Lowery Jr., driving westbound in a 2006 Mercedes-Benz, made a U-turn on the two-lane road and then was hit by another westbound vehicle, a 1998 Chevrolet Silverado driven by 18-year-old Tanner Hale Thompson of Marthaville.
Lowery was taken to a local hospital, where he died. Thompson suffered serious injuries and is being treated at a local hospital.
The crash remains under investigation. It's the fifth fatal crash and sixth fatality of 2020 in Troop E.


This may sound melodramatic but a good fleece really can make or break your autumn-winter (even spring) wardrobe.
When living somewhere with weather as unpredictable and ever-changing as the UK, it's important to layer up wisely and have options that won't weigh you down but will come in handy when it gets a bit too chilly. It's also important to carry versatile clothing that does many jobs in one to save you carrying a ton of things around 'just in case'. Enter: the fleece.
While many may associate fleece with a cosy zipper-that's-not-quite-a-full-jacket, this is just one type of many fleeced-up garments that would even bring you comfort in the middle of a big freeze. So, what can fleece look like? Does it change in weight? Does the weight affect its warmth? Why is it so warm?
We have the answers to all of your burning questions below, so c'mon – get your fleece on!
First, What is Fleece Made Of?
The main benefit of fleece is its effectiveness at trapping body heat and sustaining the warmth. The synthetic fabric is generally made out of polyester. Polyester is a man-made material composed of two petroleum products that can be manufactured from recycled plastic. Polyester fleece is also extremely durable and moisture-resistant, so it just keeps getting better.
In the past, natural wool garments were the go-to for anyone looking to combat the cold and stay warm outdoors. However, due to its mass availability and affordability, fleece has since become favoured over wool as it's warmer and generally much more lightweight.
Its texture is still modeled on natural wool to achieve the ultimate comfort blanket texture that will never let you down in the cold.
Fleece remains wearable for longer as it is moisture resistant and highly breathable avoiding the build up of natural odors.
However, it should be noted that fleece must be dried very carefully as it is flammable and cannot handle heat too well. So, if caught in the rain, ensure that you do not tumble dry or iron it, and if drying over a radiator make sure that it isn't too warm, as it could burn the fleece.
As our fleece is made from polyester or cotton – or sometimes a combo – it is wool-free.
For those conscious of their clothing being vegan, you certainly don't need to freeze when it gets chilly as fleece (sometimes referred to as synthetic wool) is the most comforting and heat-trapping fabric, yet completely ethical. Designed with enough thickness to keep you warm, you don't have to sacrifice on style, colour or price to be happy with your clothing.
Fleece is categorised by weight – in gsm, or grams per square metre – which can be quite confusing as you might not see weight measured in that format everyday but we can explain. The first ever fleece manufacturer split garments into groups defined by how many grams of fleece constituted a square metre.
There are many different types of fleece nowadays, with new variations being introduced onto the market each year. Here we take a look at the three major kinds so you can better match your next fleece garment purchase to your needs.
Microfleece is the thinnest and most lightweight type of fleece. These are the original mid-layers that are worn over base layers and under waterproof jackets. Microfleece provides the lowest level of insulation yet the highest breathability, so they're ideal for active pursuits in weather that isn't too cold.
Generally, any fleece up to 200gsm is considered a microfleece. They allow for the greatest flexibility when doing physical exercise, as the build isn't too thick to restrict movement. The very light weight is the highlight feature of this type of fleece, and it's also frequently chosen as an outer layer when outdoor conditions are mild.
Additional features such as multiple pockets and a large hood are unlikely to be found on microfleece as the scope is to keep it simple and very lightweight.
The Tron Men's Half Zip Microfleece is 130gsm, for example, and is designed with Airtrap fabric to enhance its benefits while being lightweight. This microfleece is anti-pilling and made to capture body heat then maintain it as it traps in warmth.
Mid-weight fleece covers the middle ground of the spectrum. This fleece can easily be worn as an outer layer on hikes and treks when the weather is chilly. Mid-weight fleece is much warmer than lightweight fleece and has higher insulating properties, as well as being more comfortable and breathable.
This type of fleece will offer less flexibility than microfleece but is thick enough to be a good everyday outer layer in cool conditions and a mid-layer when the temperature dips and you have to pair it with a base layer and waterproof jacket, as long as you're not pursuing high-energy activities.
Any fleece between 200gsm and 300gsm is considered to be a mid-weight fleece.
Heavyweight fleece is at the top of the range of fleece weights, coming in at 300gsm or more. This type of fleece is best suited for very cold conditions where physical activity is limited.
Heavyweight fleece is the least flexible of fleeces, but also the warmest and most insulating. This can be stifling if worn when exercising or exerting yourself physically, as you're bound to overheat quickly. The only exception is when you're outdoors in very harsh climates close to polar or Arctic conditions, where you'll be needing as much insulation as you can get.
Heavyweight fleece makes for a great outer layer in cold weather too, and can be staggeringly warm. Our Lovell Kids' Full Zip Fleece Hoodie is 300gsm, making it a real titan of cold defence.
Textured fleece tends to share the same weight range as heavyweight fleece, yet boasts a patterned outer. This is mostly for decorative purposes, although textured fleece tends to be even softer to the touch and comfier than regular fleece.
Often luxurious-looking and velvety, textured fleeces are the dressiest of the lot and are ideal for putting on as an outer layer when out roaming in the cold, or even as a mid-layer when the chill increases.
Fleece is incredibly lightweight material. This makes it great for packing into small bags and rucksacks, so you won't have to carry lots of heavy kit around with you. Imagine taking a heavy woollen jumper on a trek, only to find glorious sunshine on your journey – you would be a bit peeved about having to carry it around with you.
With a lightweight fleece jacket or hoodie, you can have the warmth for half of the weight.
Trespass fleeces are designed with Airtrap® fabric, meaning that the fleece is manufactured to be anti-pilling. This means the fleece fabric is of a quality that will prevent bobbles from forming keeping it looking much newer than it's purchase date and keep you from looking fresher for longer.
Fleeces sometimes have adjustable hems in order to fasten properly. An adjustable hem means you can restrict the passage of air into the garment and seal it in a more windproof structure.
As well as locking in the heat and regulating body temperature, fleece is a wicking material that will wick moisture away from the body. This will prevent sweat from lingering and dampening your skin.
What Trousers Should I Wear Hiking?
Types of Outdoor Jackets: What's the Difference?


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Spatiotemporal evolution of the hydrological cycle throughout the European continent during past abrupt climate changes
What a Stone Age climate crisis can tell us about our own future
An abrupt shift in the climate 12 000 years ago holds clues for how global warming might affect different regions of Europe.
Climate Change and Environment
© Evgeny Trezubov, Shutterstock
Greenhouse gases from human activity are warming the planet, but how climate change will manifest at the fine scale is still an open question. "We know things are not changing uniformly," says palaeoclimatologist and geochemist Dirk Sachse, project coordinator of STEEPclim. "It's more important to know that certain regions have droughts or floods, than a wholesale increase in temperature."
To better understand the properties of a rapidly changing climate, Sachse and his team turned to a historical period known as the Younger Dryas, which occurred ca 12 000 years ago. At the end of the last glaciation, after a period of warmer temperatures and melting continental icesheets, temperatures in the northern hemisphere suddenly plummeted, almost sending Europe back into an ice age. "It was a 4 degree temperature change over 100 years; an extremely abrupt climate change for a geologist," explains Sachse, head of the Organic Surface Geochemistry Lab at GFZ Helmholtz Centre Potsdam in Germany. "These changes happened over the period of a human lifespan." To understand how this period of sudden climate change affected different regions in Europe, Sachse and his team, supported by the EU, looked at sediment cores taken from lakes across the continent. Trapped in the layers of mud are the remnants of leaf waxes, the shiny protective layer of hydrocarbons that covers all higher plants.
Historical record
These compounds are referred to as molecular fossils, and the proportions of stable isotopes of carbon and hydrogen in these waxes act as a record of the hydroclimate at the time. "It's not like we reconstruct temperature, but we can see certain conditions such as droughts and wetter periods," he says. Through collaborators, sediment cores were taken from 20 lakes, from Estonia to southern Spain. Age estimates were made using laminations in the cores that result from seasonal changes in deposition, acting like rings in a tree. These measurements were calibrated with isochrons – ash deposits from volcanic eruptions that appear across all samples at the same moment in time. The work was supported by the European Research Council. "This would never have been possible without such funding," adds Sachse. "We're working on a Europe-wide scale. It could have been done in individual legs, but would have taken 20 years."
Sachse says the evidence shows that western Europe was more immediately affected by the Younger Dryas, with cooler and dryer conditions spreading from Greenland over a period of 170 years. "It shows global change is always about regional change," he notes. The findings will be used to generate more accurate and precise climate models in the future. The Younger Dryas is believed to have been driven by changes to the Gulf Stream, which is also expected to weaken in the future as a result of human-induced climate change and which is considered an important climate system tipping point. "If this were to happen today, there would be huge consequences for society," adds Sachse. "The whole Holocene has been amazingly stable, now we're turning the knobs on this system."
STEEPclim, climate, ice, Holocene, tipping, point, sediment, core, molecular, fossil
STEEPclim
Start date 1 August 2015
End date 31 July 2020
HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM POTSDAM DEUTSCHESGEOFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM GFZ
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Permalink: https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/428752-what-a-stone-age-climate-crisis-can-tell-us-about-our-own-future


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Home Events Amythyst Kiah (Wednesday)
Amythyst Kiah (Wednesday)
November 20, 2019 @ 10:00 pm
The Robin Theatre
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"Amythyst Kiah is one of roots music's most exciting emerging talents, blending a deep knowledge of old time music with sensibilities spanning classic country to contemporary R&B."— ROLLING STONE MAGAZINE
"Her razor-sharp guitar picking alone guarantees her a place among blues masters, but it's her deep-hued voice that can change on a dime from brushed steel to melted toffee that commands attention." —The New York Times
Born in Chattanooga and now based in Johnson City, Amythyst Kiah's commanding stage presence is matched by her raw and powerful vocals—a deeply moving, hypnotic sound that stirs echoes of a distant and restless past.
Accompanied interchangeably with banjo, acoustic guitar, or a full band, her eclectic influences span decades, finding inspiration in old time music, alternative rock, folk, country, and blues.
Our Native Daughters, her recent collaboration with Rhiannon Giddens, Leyla McCalla, and Allison Russell (Birds of Chicago), has delivered a full-length album produced by Rhiannon Giddens and Dirk Powell, Songs of Our Native Daughters (out now on Smithsonian Folkways). NPR described the opening track, Black Myself, written by Amythyst, as "the simmering defiance of self-respect in the face of racism." The supergroup will hit the road in July with a series of special dates that include performances at Washington D.C.'s Smithsonian Museum of African American History & Culture as well as Newport Folk Festival. Most recently, the group has been nominated for Duo/Group of the Year at the 2019 Americana Honors & Awards.
Amythyst regularly tours the United Kingdom and has performed at Celtic Connections, Southern Fried Festival, Cambridge Folk Festival, the Edinburgh Jazz & Blues Festival, and SummerTyne Americana Festival. She is a crowd favorite at Bristol Rhythm & Roots Reunion in the U.S. and has shined at the John F. Kennedy Center for Performing Arts, Smithsonian Folk Life Festival, Winnipeg Folk Festival, and opening for artists such as the Indigo Girls, Rhiannon Giddens, Dom Flemons, Old Crow Medicine Show, First Aid Kit, Darrell Scott, and Tim O'Brien.
Provocative and fierce, Amythyst's ability to cross boundaries is groundbreaking and simply unforgettable.
Online ticket sales will stop at 5pm the day of the show. Any remaining tickets will be sold at the door, starting at 6:30 pm.
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$18 Public; $15 Fiddle Members; $5 Students. Available online or at the box office at 6:30 PM
Americana, Blues, Contemporary Folk, Instrumentalists, Singer Songwriters, Women in Music
https://amythystkiah.com/
Lansing, MI 48901 United States + Google Map
http://tpf191120.brownpapertickets.com
From Scotland, Tannahill Weavers
Friday, February 10 @ 7:30 pm