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In his newly retubed 5m RIB, Roger was out fishing at the Graveyard in Kaipara Harbour when he caught a good sized shark. As he turned to pick up a knife and cut the shark off the line, his mate decided to wrestle it by the tail. What did the shark do? Turned around and bit the boat! Lucky the RIB is built with 5 separate chambers, so Roger and his crew made it back to shore safely, but a little 'deflated'.


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Pharma Market | Zejula's priority review; Erytech Pharma's new facility; good news for Krystal
FDA grants priority review to Zejula
Niraparib (Zejula) received a priority review by the U.S. FDA, in response to a supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) submitted by Tesaro. The drug, acquired by GlaxoSmithKline along with the drugmaker Tesaro for USD 5.1 Million, has an action date of October 24, 2019. The sNDA submitted supports new treatments for the advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer patients treated with 3 or more prior chemotherapy regimens and whose cancer is associated with either BRCA mutation or homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and who have progressed more than 6 months after the last platinum-based chemotherapy. The current Ovarian cancer therapies include Targeted Therapy and Chemotherapy. Ovarian cancer is the 8th most common cancer among women affecting 21,000 females in the U.S.
Erytech Pharma opens up a new manufacturing facility
Erytech Pharma– a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company – announced the opening of its new Princeton, NJ GMP manufacturing facility. The new facility will be fully equipped to support production capacity needs for its lead candidate Graspa (eryaspase). Eryaspase is in Phase III testing for the treatment of second-line metastatic pancreatic cancer at approximately 120 clinical sites in Europe and the United States. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth-leading cause of cancer death in both men and women, with an estimated 43,090 deaths in 2017. Some of the FDA-approved drugs
in the pancreatic cancer treatment market are Genentech's Tarceva (erlotinib), Ipsen's Onivyde (irinotecan liposome injection), Eli Lilly's Gemzar (gemcitabine HCL) and many more.
Krystal Biotech shares soar after gene therapy berakthrough
Shares of Krystal Biotech experienced a huge boost of up to 27% after the drugmaker received an expedited review designation from the FDA for its lead drug candidate to treat a skin condition called dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). Krystal announced positive results for its drug, called KB102, which is a viral vector responsible for delivering collagen directly into cells. Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a genetic condition that makes the skin very fragile and gets blistered easily. There is currently no cure for all types of Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. The treatment generally focuses on managing signs and symptoms.
The post Pharma Market | Zejula's priority review; Erytech Pharma's new facility; good news for Krystal appeared first on autoforex Research.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home / Categories / Culture / American Civil War / Andrew Jackson / Cherokee / Indian Removal Act / Trail Of Tears / United States / Controversies Durong Andrew Jackson Presidency
Controversies Durong Andrew Jackson Presidency
American Civil War , Andrew Jackson , Cherokee , Indian Removal Act , Trail Of Tears , United States
I have chosen to write about the controversies before, during and after the Andrew Jackson presidential elections in the United States from 1824 – 1832. This period was considered to be unique in American history because Jackson was considered by many to be the first "non elitist" to be elected to the nation's highest office. My search for primary sources on this topic for has been effective and wide reaching in scope. Ultimately, many historians come down to three questions in this discussion:
First, was the ultimate election of John Quincy Adams in 1824 a result of political meddling and meant to damage Andrew Jackson and his popularity going forward?
Second, if this election was indeed "stolen "by Adams, did the voting public sense this and punish the latter Adams by electing Andrew Jackson in a landslide in 1828?Finally, if questions one and two are valid, a third question is evident: Did these events give the renegade Jackson even more cause to push forward his populist agenda during his term as President and how did his 1824 defeat fuel his political appetite in 1828 on through his second term and give him motivation to push a "peoples" agenda?
More often than not much of this information that was written about the 15 years from 1824 to 1838 were even then critical towards Jackson, who was considered to be a political outsider, not a true "founding father", too rough and uncultured to hold office to which he was elected. Therefore, I will be using ongoing later research and try to find the primary and secondary sources that help me get a good feel of the populist electorate that felt robbed in 1824 and were ultimately repaid with a Jackson election in 1828. Therefore, I will be using a combination of old and new research and try to find the primary and secondary sources to speak to these questions. The advance of electronic libraries has made the search for this material much easier and can be made to return results that are more directly aligned with the points that I wish to cover with my research. This premise may be updated upon examination of sources and as to whether they are abundant and accurate enough to continue along this line of research.
Further, I would like to go to some of the cases of the actual controversies enumerated in the Jackson Presidential years on a case by case basis to compare the way they were written about in different eras by different historians. I will be using ongoing research trying to find different primary and secondary sources that better help me get a ""general gist "" of the early 1820s up until the actual election of Andrew Jackson, which was considered a direct result of the mechanics of 1824. The following in an annotated bibliography of referenced material which I intend to use in my historiographical essay on the "Controversial Age of Jackson."
Jeffrey Normand Bourdon, PhD. University of Mississippi in 2010 and adjunct professor of American history at the University of Mississippi and the University of Memphis penned a 2011 article in American Nineteenth Century History Journal speaking of the only American female newspaper editor active during the election of 1832, Anne Royall .The central theme of this journal article was to take a closer look at Royall's travels from 1818 to 1822 and show that she eventually became a public supporter of Andrew Jackson, not an insignificant thing for women in the mid-1800s. Bourdon writes that she was an important figure in both the 1828 and 1832 elections to Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams, she was highly sought after by both campaigns as a front woman for their voices, although she declined citing no interest in the already inflamed, muckraking campaigns that were already several years into destroying each other.
Bourdon does an excellent job of fleshing out this female personality who came from a time when women were generally sent to the back burner and political and even sociological discussions. There are no hints of bias here, just a glowing admiration piece written by an admirer.
Donald B. Cole, professor emeritus at Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, and the author of a number of books on early American history including the work, Vindicating Andrew Jackson: The 1828 Election and the Rise of the Two-Party System Presidential Studies, speaks of partisan political activities between 1824 and 1828 in six states -New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and Virginia in his treatment of the Andrew Jackson election cycles in this period. Broad issues that political historians of the early republic typically rely on to explain the election of 1828 are missing from Cole's treatment. They are replaced by a colorful cast of Democratic partisans who innovatively labored together to form a new, more energized type of politics that enhanced popular democracy. The presidential election of 1828 is one of the most compelling stories in American history: Andrew Jackson, hero of the Battle of New Orleans and man of the people, bounced back from his controversial loss four years earlier to unseat John Quincy Adams in a campaign notorious for its mudslinging. With his victory, the torch was effectively passed from the founding fathers to the people.
Cole's work looks in to the election at the local and state levels, as well as nationwide, focusing on the previously mentioned states to provide a lens of sociology and politics in 1828 America. He seems to use some bias in favor of the Jackson political machinery even in the 1824 loss to show the better grass roots organization of Jackson's base-the average 1824-28 American. This work will be a valuable insight for my research into both of Jackson's controversial campaigns.
Furman University Professor of Communication Studies Brandon Inabenet's article is a review presented for several books including ""The Birth of Modern Politics: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams and the Election of 1828,"" by Lynn Hudson Parsons, ""The Market Revolution in America: Liberty, Ambition, and the Eclipse of the Common Good,"" by John Lauritz and "What God Hath Wrought, The Transformation of America, by Daniel Walker Howe.
Inabenet shows these historians explicitly connect the remarkable transition of those times to the present. They show the precedents for our respect for Jackson and an understanding of our confusion in understanding his odd decisions. For newer Jacksonian historians interested in controversy within U.S. electoral politics, these books fare a rich resource. Each book deals with Andrew Jackson's road to the White House, with two elaborating on Jackson's campaigns specifically. All of the books center on the idea that Jackson's election in 1828 changed American of U.S. political style. This work is fairly balanced with both Jackson's popularity and foibles and a separate investigation of each work in this article will be valuable in my research into Jackson's inner workings during this period.
Steve Inskeep is an American journalist who graduated from Morehead State University in Morehead, Kentucky in 1990. In Jacksonland : President Andrew Jackson, Cherokee Chief John Ross, and a Great American Land Grab, he presents a concurrent narrative of Andrew Jackson (U.S. Army general, land speculator, and eventually president) and John Ross (merchant of mixed native ancestry, and eventual leader of the Cherokee Nation). This work spirals through the governmental and professional careers and personal lives of the two men and uses various intersections between the two in the ongoing battle between Jackson and the Cherokee Indian Nation and its eventual displacement across the Mississippi River and removal from the lands that Jackson sought for the expanding white settlers of a burgeoning United States of America. In only his second historical work ; Inskeep takes each man from their early days into the intersections that helped shape the controversial Indian Removal Act and its aftermath. Inskeep uses a fair, biographical and historical lenses to speak to each man and his influence in this troubled controversial time.
In Driven West : Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears to the Civil War, USC professor of journalism A. J. Langguth makes a declaration that America's first civil war was fought in the 1830s when Andrew Jackson removed Indian tribes from the southern United States. Langguth ,a noted fiction and non-fiction author whose work previously dealt with the War of 1812, uses the events from the 1820s through the Civil War to put into context the expulsion of the Cherokees and the tragic Trail of Tears. Langguth's work focuses chapter by chapter on one figure or event in the history each, from Jackson to Cherokee chief John Ross among other principals in the story. This is a fairly constructed history of the event with no bias taken by the author, other than speaking to the hardships that befell the Cherokee in route and beyond. It will be valuable in a parallel manner when compared to the previously mentioned Jacksonland.
David Martin's article from 1974 in Explorations in Economic History is an analysis of the ideology and legislative program of the Metallists (1820-37) and tries to proves that the Bank War was a controversy involving the structure of banking in the 1820's and the control of the quantity of money, but also goes in the direction of Andrew Jackson's meddling with the U.S. financial system while President. This is a small bit of research into this controversy, but will be useful as a stepping off point in the research in Jackson's controversy with the United States financial system.
Ann Woodbury Moore in Cobblestone magazine writes a 1993 article about the process and controversy in the 1824 Presidential election. This election was famous for the final single party election in the United States on a national level with four candidates; all of which were qualified and seemingly having their own base of support. William Crawford, Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and Henry Clay weathered a campaign that ended up being decided by the House of Representatives, making Adams the recipient of the election that many think he may have not won at the polls.
Moore's work is chock-full of details about the four-man and about the process which drove them in the Electoral process. The work itself is a standalone reference guide for the 1824 election, but also it becomes useful when extrapolating the final election that ever was contested with candidates from only one party. This will be useful in my work, prefacing the historiography of Jackson and Quincy's two election cycles, whereas in 1828, Jackson ran again against Adams, promising that the will of the people would not be set aside again.
The 1828 presidential election, pitted Major General Andrew Jackson against incumbent John Quincy Adams, and has long been seen as a seminal political and sociological event in American history. It was an election in which a rough, ill tempered, man from the southwestern frontier who unabashedly and openly advertised himself as a man of the people, thrashed a New England of money politician and what was considered at the time to be a revolutionary election.
In The Birth of Modern Politics, Dr. Lynn Parsons, who began his career as an instructor of the History department at the University College, Dublin in 1962 seems to indicate also that the Adams-Jackson 1828 election oddly mimics current American political jousting. These two men are shown by Parsons as men once political companions by 1828, became trapped in a shifting political landscape, and were polarized in not one political cycle, but two. An excellent study in the election of Jackson will be welcome in my research into the inner workings of how the Jacksonian electorate was formed and voted.
The election of 1824 is a watershed interesting contest involving several men with different backgrounds and personalities—John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and William H. Crawford. Donald Radcliffe's work hints that Jackson may not have been the most popular candidate and the "corrupt bargain" was possibly a myth. The election was the death knell of both the dominant Democratic – Republican Party and the Federalist Party.
Radcliffe shows how Democratic Republicans wanted to control the election but couldn't, until the contest was decided in the House of Representatives. The One-Party Presidential Contest is a detailed account of the proceedings, and balances the undisciplined the candidates' personal issues with policy in an excellent way. In short, an alternate viewpoint is available here in this revisionist account of this famous presidential election and is a valuable counterpoint in the examination of the Jackson/Adams controversy.
An American Betrayal: Cherokee Patriots and the Trail of Tears is a 2011 work written by Daniel Blake Smith, Ph.D. ,University of Virginia . Smith speaks to the Cherokee Nation's reaction to President Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy. The author generally points out that Cherokee leaders disagreed over the meaning of patriotism during the removal era and uses the work to show said divisions and disagreements internally affecting the Tribe. In the book's eight chapters Smith explores different Cherokee visions beginning with the "civilization" program and ending with post-removal Cherokee Nation violence. The book's core are the chapters that examine how Cherokees responded to the 1830 Indian Removal Act. Smith generally narrates this uneasy time and will be a valuable piece of historiographic reference.
Kenneth Valliare wrote an article in the Tennessee Historical Quarterly in 1982 speaking to the way that a specific Tennessee and was affected by the transitional move of the Cherokees from their native land. Hey man, Benjamin curry who was an idea of Nashville and a junior member of the Andrew Jackson Entourage was given the title of superintendent of Cherokee immigration. This work speaks to The way he saw this developed through his own eyes and the way you're affected a common man from the state of Tennessee. A general biographical piece, this journal article will serve me well as a representation of just how the "Trail of Tears "affected one man.
Matthew Warshauer, History Professor at Central Connecticut State University and a newer voice in the history and legacy of Andrew Jackson writes in "Andrew Jackson and the Politics of Martial Law: Nationalism, Civil Liberties, and Partisanship of the political debates during the 1824 and 1828 presidential elections in relation to Andrew Jackson's role as the commander at the Battle of New Orleans and his Seminole wars in Florida in 1814 and 1818 Jackson was at the time (and later )was criticized for his his invocation of martial law and the suspension of habeas corpus and argued that Jackson's actions demonstrated he was a tyrant, unfit for the presidency.
This work seems to be more than slightly biased against Jackson in that it appears to assume that Jackson had no basis, legal or otherwise for these actions. The work will suit my research well as it is highly critical of Jackson and supports the anti-Jackson historiography well"
Controversies Durong Andrew Jackson Presidency. (2021, Mar 27). Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/controversies-durong-andrew-jackson-presidency/
American Civil War	,	Andrew Jackson	,	Cherokee	,	Indian Removal Act	,	Trail Of Tears	,	United States
Andrew Jackson's Role of Dueling	Pages: 3 (871 words)
Life Way of Andrew Jackson	Pages: 5 (1351 words)
Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears	Pages: 3 (1008 words)
A Lifetime of Injustice for the Native Americans under American Colonization	Pages: 5 (1621 words)
The Presidency of Andrew Jackson Essay	Pages: 3 (815 words)
John Ross, Father of the Cherokee Nation	Pages: 2 (684 words)
About the Trail of Tears
After the American Revolution, and the creation of the United States, the Native Americans were thought of as a separate nation within a sovereign country even though they wanted a peaceful coexistence with the white settlers. Eventually the white settlers became more concerned with the resources that the Native Americans sat on, then with the [...]
Topics: Andrew Jackson, Cherokee, Indian Removal Act, Trail Of Tears, United States
The Effects of Colonization on Native Americans
Though European travelers and settlers referred to the Americas as "the new world", there was nothing new about the lands they had "discovered". For thousands of years, Native people roamed the lands freely in the form of hundreds of different tribes. They built communities, practiced their own religions, spoke their own languages, and lived their [...]
Topics: Andrew Jackson, Cherokee, Christopher Columbus, Colonialism, Indian Removal Act, Trail Of Tears, United States
Andrew Jackson Biography
Andrew Jackson was a man of the people. He was born in the back woods of Tennessee in a wooden cabin. At a very young age he was left as an orphan. He helped soldiers fight. At a young age he was a troublemaker. Jackson served in the years of 1829-1837. When he served there [...]
Topics: Andrew Jackson, Indian Removal Act, Trail Of Tears, United States
Chapter Seven Summary of Zinn's Book
As with the rest of his book, Zinn has a very interesting approach to the topics presented in chapter seven of his book. In this chapter, Zinn discusses the cruelty and deceit of the Native Americans in the United States. This chapter also exposes many leaders like Andrew Jackson, along with significant events such as [...]
Topics: Andrew Jackson, Book, Cherokee, Trail Of Tears, United States
How a President Became a King
Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States, erupts many arguments concerning the actions he took during his presidency. Where some see him as an icon and a hero, the truth is that Jackson was not only a murderer but, he was a corrupt, inexcusable man that should not have ruled the nation. He [...]
Topics: Andrew Jackson, Bank, Cherokee, Money, Trail Of Tears, United States
The Impact of Native American Relocation in the United States of America
During the 19th Century A Good Indian is a Dead Indian! This is how many white Americans felt in the 1800s when greed and racial prejudice forced the relocation of Native Americans. The Trail of Tears refers to the forceful relocation of the Native American communities from the South Eastern regions of the United States [...]
Topics: Cherokee, Indian Removal Act, Trail Of Tears, United States


April 11 is World Parkinson's Day, dedicated to raising awareness and support for people who have the disease. Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the central nervous system, with tremors being the most recognizable symptom. Over the years, researchers have found that dopamine acts as a messenger between Parkinson's patients' brain cells and enables them to complete everyday behaviors like moving, eating, and learning.
Dr. Leah Chase, associate professor of biology and chemistry, is one of those researchers conducting Parkinson's disease investigations at the cellular level. In fact, looking into the brain's biological and chemical flaws, especially as they pertain to Parkinson's, has driven her neurological research agenda in Schaap Science Center for the past 15 years. She and her student research team made a first-time discovery about how dopaminergic brain cells naturally protect themselves against oxidative stress, a known problem in the cells of Parkinson's sufferers. "Our research is the basic science needed in order for somebody, someday to fix the problem with a new drug," Chase said.


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Der Distrikt Sangallaya liegt in der Provinz Huarochirí der Region Lima im zentralen Westen von Peru. Der Distrikt wurde am 30. September 1954 gegründet. Der Distrikt hat eine Fläche von 81,92 km². Beim Zensus 2017 lebten 630 Einwohner im Distrikt. Die Distriktverwaltung befindet sich in der  hoch gelegenen Ortschaft Sangallaya, knapp 90 km östlich der Landeshauptstadt Lima. Weitere Ortschaften im Distrikt sind Alloca, Coranche, Huancata, Pucllacanchi und Quiripa.

Geographische Lage
Der Distrikt Sangallaya befindet sich im zentralen Süden der Provinz Huarochirí. Er liegt in der peruanischen Westkordillere am westlichen Flussufer des Oberlaufs des Río Mala, der nach Süden fließt.

Der Distrikt Sangallaya grenzt im Westen an den Distrikt Mariatana, im Nordwesten an den Distrikt Huarochirí, im Osten an den Distrikt San Lorenzo de Quinti sowie im Süden an den Distrikt Quinocay (Provinz Yauyos).

Weblinks
 Municipalidad Distrital de Sangallaya
 Peru: Region Lima (Provinzen und Bezirke) bei www.citypopulation.de

Distrikt in der Provinz Huarochirí
Distrikt in Peru

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Scottish employers have given their support to a Government scheme to boost the skills and experience of young jobseekers and help them into work.
As part of the Government's Get Britain Working measures to give jobseekers the support need to get a job, Jobcentre Plus and Hilton Hotel, Glasgow held an employer meeting today to highlight the benefits of work experience with local employers.
"The UK Government is working hard to address unemployment in Scotland and work experience is a great example of this. The Government has committed £60 million to help the most vulnerable young people find work and is committed to doing it all it can to get people back into work across Scotland.
"I was pleased to see a range of organisations attending the event and I firmly believe that it influenced everyone to hear directly from the young people what Work Experience has meant to them.
Hilton Hotels has pledged 100 work experience places nationally,10 in the Glasgow hotel alone.


Jesus of Nazareth, is the central figure of Christianity and a major prophet of Islam.
Jesus (name), as given name and surname, derived from the Latin name Iesus and the Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iesous).
Nostra Senyora de Jesús is a village on the northern side of Ibiza Bay, On the Spanish island of Ibiza, Spain. The village is in the municipality of Santa Eulària des Riu and is located on the designated road PMV 810. The village is 2.0 miles (3.2 km) North of Ibiza Town and 6.7 miles (10.8 km) of Ibiza Airport.
The village of Jesús is short distance along the road to Cala Llonga from Ibiza town. No longer a village but more of a suburb of the Ibiza town these days. The village offers a wide range of restaurants and small shops. There are also several beaches in the vicinity of the village, such as Platja S'Estanyol and Talamanca.
On the hillside above the village are two important housing developments. The Can Pep Simó estate, designed in the 1970s by Catalan architect's of Erwin Broner and Josep Lluís Sert. The developments are described as a combination of traditional and modern architecture and attracts students of architecture from across the globe.


I must, however, be of opinion, that the sentiments of those, who are inclined to think favourably of mankind, are more advantageous to virtue, than the contrary principles, which give us a mean opinion of our nature. When a man is prepossessed with a high notion of his rank and character in the creation, he will naturally endeavour to act up to it, and will scorn to do a base or vicious action, which might sink him below that figure which he makes in his own imagination. Accordingly we find, that all our polite and fashionable moralists insist upon this topic, and endeavour to represent vice as unworthy of man, as well as odious in itself.
David Hume, Of the Dignity or Meanness of Human Nature.
Larry Sparks, "Bitterweeds". Unfortunately only an excerpt. But you can hear the original version of the whole song sung by Barbara Wilkinson at SongSpace. I think Wilkinson's song is likely to become a classic: a clear, easy to sing, and memorable story.
'Every happening has a cause that produces it.' This proposition means exactly the same as the following: 'It is impossible for our intelligence to think a happening without thinking a cause that produced it.' To show that 'a happening without a cause cannot be thought', we must show that 'the concept of a happening without a cause involves contradiction.' Once this is demonstrated, we will have deduced the principle of cause from the principle of contradiction.
The demonstration is as follows: to say 'What does not exist, acts' is a contradiction. But a happening without a cause means 'What does not exist, acts.' Therefore a happening without a cause is a contradiction. The proofs follow.
As regards the major: to conceive mentally an action (a change) without an ens, is to conceive without conceiving, which is a contradiction. Indeed, the principle of knowledge states: 'The object of thought is ens'; therefore without an ens, we cannot mentally conceive. To conceive an action without conceiving an ens that performs the action, is to conceive without conceiving. Therefore to apply the action to something that does not exist is a contradiction in terms, which was to be proved.
As regards the minor: a happening is an action (a change). If this action has no cause, it is conceived by itself, without belonging to an ens; there is then an action without ens or, which is the same, what does not exist, acts. Thus the minor is proved (cf. 350-352).
Major: 'Something that does not exist, acts' is a contradiction.
(1) What is conceived is conceived as a being.
(2) An action conceived without being conceived as a being acting, is not conceived as a being.
(3) Therefore, an action conceived without being conceived as a being acting is a contradiction.
Minor: A happening without a cause entails that something that does not exist, acts.
(1) A happening is an action.
(2) An action conceived without a cause is not conceived as a being that acts.
(3) Therefore, a happening conceived without a cause is not conceived as a being that acts.
1. We conceive coming into existence, a concept which includes that of change.
2. The concept of change contains that of new operation.
3. The concept of new operation contains that of prior existence.
4. The concept of prior existence contains that of cause.
Conclusion: A happening without a cause is a contradiction.
I am currently in the last week of term, so I am envying the Hungarian snake's dormition.
She opposes this view to what she calls the "foetal container model", in which "the pregnancy is literally a container and in the middle of the container there is a hollow in which sits the foetus—and there is no problematic part-whole relationship." (I take it that the key point here is the 'no problematic part-whole relationship', since spatially the fetus is literally contained. That is, the point is that the fetus is not contained in a pregnant organism the way a gift is in a box but is integrated into it in complex ways.) Unfortunately, we don't get Kingma's argument for the one organism view. There are other views than these two on the table. For instance, my own view of the matter, which I've mentioned before, is a two-organism view in which one organism is an integrated and dependent functional part generated in the other. (Of course, there is always some complication with what, precisely we mean by 'organism', since the term notoriously has no strict definition; but in the human case, I would say the same with 'human being': a pregnant mother is a human being who has another human being as a proper part.) The pregnant mother is not a mere container for the fetus; like Kingma's model, it is a part-whole model, since the fetus is literally and physically an interactive part of the mother, qua mother. But nothing about this, as far as I can see, requires that we hold there is only one organism. One potential worry about Kingma's one-then-two view is that birth is not a momentary happening,but a rather extended and complicated process; while the position looks like it would have a fairly simple way to distinguish organisms in the pregnancy case, it cannot actually do so. Is the relevant point the beginning of labor? The exit through the birth canal? The cutting of the umbilical? The first breath (after all, merely severing your hand doesn't make it a different organism, even though vital functions continue for a while)? There's no obvious way to answer this, and this seems to suggest that at least at some point in the process we can perfectly well have one organism that is still in some strict sense part of another, and if that's the case, it isn't clear why we shouldn't have said that all along -- or, at least, it seems that we could have said it much earlier just as well as later.
I find the idea that 'crossing through space' has much to do with whether one is doing harm difficult to understand. We obviously can harm ourselves. And we can clearly draw a distinction between doing and allowing even with regard to ourselves; most of what happens in our bodies we simply allow, although sometimes our allowance is more active and sometimes less. This is a worrisome fact, given that the position attributed to Kingma is that subject/object (or doer and done-to) break down, so that, in her words, "a doing-and-allowing construction (of harm) cannot be applied to pregnancy"; but if we're talking subject and object of actions, it is unclear how this can be the case. We can clearly be both subject and object of active harm to ourselves. Since the doing-and-allowing construction doesn't break down even in cases where there is obviously only a single organism and no question of pregnancy, it isn't clear at all to me why we would think it would break down here. The more obvious implication of Kingma's model (it is an implication of my own, as well) is that, at first approximation, for a mother to harm her fetus is to harm herself, and to harm a fetus is to harm the mother (although this is not necessarily a straightforward matter since part-whole relations are not always straightforward when it comes to harms); this is not, I suspect, where Kingma wishes to go with the matter. The assumption in the not-very-elaborated comments in the summary seems to be that Kingma holds that we cannot harm ourselves. This is, to say the least, very counterintuitive, and there are very good reasons to reject any such assumption. But it is perhaps an artifact of the summary rather than Kingma's own view.
Kingma is certainly right, though, that pregnancy is worth some thought. For such a common thing, it is remarkably overlooked when people talk about matters to which it would obviously be relevant.
and makes a point most true.
to be of thought a clue.
the Savior, King, and Son of God.
pray for us, Mary, who made the just choice.
and raise us to meet Him in light face to face.
pray for us, purest, from now to the end.
All questions concerning the proper medium between extremes are difficult to be decided; both because it is not easy to find words proper to fix this medium, and because the good and ill, in such cases, run so gradually into each other, as even to render our sentiments doubtful and uncertain.
David Hume, "Of the Independency of Parliament".
The solution, broadly, is to restore human responsibility as the activating force of law and regulation. Law should be radically simplified into goals and governing principles, like the Constitution, and leave to accountable humans the responsibility to achieve those goals fairly and sensibly. Law becomes a fence around a corral, within which humans can try to achieve results in their own way. Any successful regulatory oversight works this way. The FAA, for example, certifies new planes as "airworthy" without detailed codes on how many rivets per square foot etc. Would you rather fly on a plane that was permitted to fly only because a court decided it complied with detailed regs? Australia replaced a thousand rules for nursing homes with 31 broad principles such as requiring "a homelike setting" and respecting "privacy and dignity." The experts scoffed. Within a year the nursing homes were materially better.
The truth is that human rights law has failed to accomplish its objectives. There is little evidence that human rights treaties, on the whole, have improved the wellbeing of people. The reason is that human rights were never as universal as people hoped, and the belief that they could be forced upon countries as a matter of international law was shot through with misguided assumptions from the very beginning.
It is time to start over with an approach to promoting wellbeing in foreign countries that is empirical rather than ideological. Human rights advocates can learn a lot from the experiences of development economists – not only about the flaws of top-down, coercive styles of forcing people living in other countries to be free, but about how one can actually help those people if one really wants to....Helping other countries means giving them cash, technical assistance and credit where there is reason to believe that these forms of aid will raise the living standards of the poorest people.
And he ends with the insistence, "A humbler approach is long overdue."
There are a number of problems with the argument. It is noticeable that the criticism of human rights law from the beginning was that it doesn't improve wellbeing, so it seems a little peculiar that wellbeing projects are themselves the alternative; and rather suspicious that while human rights law is criticized for not being a wellbeing project, there is neither a hint nor shadow of recognition of the fact that someone could question whether wellbeing projects improve situations from the perspective of human rights. Human rights law is criticized both for being imposed on governments and for not influencing government behavior; and, for that matter, it is criticized for not influencing government behavior and for being the language governments go out of their way to use in order to justify themselves.
There is simply no sense in which focus on wellbeing is a "humbler approach" than human rights law. Wellbeing projects are notorious for being forced on local populations who do not need them or cannot use them. Some wellbeing projects have excellent results. Others destroy the local economy and create new problems on top of the old ones that they failed to fix. Posner notes that a lot of studies of wellbeing projects have been done, and touts the empirical approach as a good one; what he doesn't say is that most of those studies show that a very large portion of those projects fail even in their particular objectives. What is more, a project that works very well in one place may fail miserably in another. It takes a lot of work, and a lot of local cooperation and initiative, to make these things succeed at all. Indeed, for them to be successful, they primarily have to be powered by local efforts in the first place, with the aid and assistance just supplementing what those local efforts are doing.
If one insists on the importance of scale, a human rights approach can be handled on a small scale. This is what International Justice Mission does, for instance, defending individuals and working with local governments, and it is only one organization of many. Posner focuses almost entirely on large scale treaties. But most of those were never intended to do the substantive work, but only to lay down the general lines.
So, in other words, whether or not human rights approaches are worthwhile, there seems to be no good reason to think that Posner's proposed alternative actually fares any better, even according to some of his own criteria. If we are considering particular cases in which wellbeing projects succeed, there are particular cases in which human rights law succeeds; if we are considering the failure of human rights law to contribute to wellbeing in general, wellbeing projects, rather ironically, apparently fail to contribute to wellbeing in general. And it's ironic that he ends by comparing the hubris of human rights law to the hubris of nineteenth-century "civilising efforts", since the latter were certainly thought of in terms much more like the "humbler" wellbeing project than they were thought of in terms like human rights law. That Posner chooses to name his proposed civilizing efforts 'wellbeing promotion' scarcely changes what he seems to be proposing, however humbly he conceives of them, unless he just means 'give local people some occasional help in doing what they already happen to be trying to do'.
Hanukkah begins the evening of December 16 this year, and thus overlaps the next fortnight, after which I'll be taking a week off from the Fortnighly Book for Christmas. So what I've decided to do is to do something a little different and lead up to Hanukkah with an appropriate set of texts: First Maccabees, Second Maccabees, Third Maccabees, and Fourth Maccabees. All of these are very different books.
First Maccabees is a deuterocanonical work that gives us the story of the revolt of the Maccabees, that is, the rebellion of the Jewish priest, Mattathias ben Johanan, and his sons, Judah Maccabeus, Jonathan Apphus, and Simon Thassi against the attempt of the Greco-Syrian king Antiochus IV Epiphanes to stamp out the Jewish religion. The book was certainly written originally in Hebrew, although only the Greek version is extant.
Second Maccabees is a deuterocanonical work that also covers the Maccabean revolt. However, it focuses on a much narrower portion of the history (roughly about the first seven chapters of 1 Maccabees), supplementing it with additional traditions. The author of Second Maccabees states that he is abridging a five-volume history by Jason of Cyrene, whose work has not survived and who, unfortunately, is otherwise unknown, and the book was almost certainly originally written in Greek. It is much more theological in tone than 1 Maccabees. 1 and 2 Maccabees are both in Catholic versions of the Biblical canon.
Third Maccabees is the odd book out; it has nothing directly to do with the Maccabees or their revolt at all, being concerned (insofar as it is concerned with actual historical events) with a different persecution of Jews that happened decades before. However, it can perhaps be considered a Maccabean book in the broad sense, in that it covers an important part of the historical background, and in that it can be said to have a number of thematic links and occasional verbal similarities (enough to indicate that the author may have had access to 2 Maccabees). The persecuting king in this work is the Greco-Egyptian ruler, Ptolemy IV Philopator, who had recently defeated the Greco-Syrian king Antiochus III. It is not, however, a book concerned particularly with history, but with conveying a wealth of folk legend about Jewish survival of persecution. It was originally written in Greek.
Fourth Maccabees is a philosophical work. It draws from a particular set of episodes in 2 Maccabees 6-7, and can be read both as a general treatise on virtue and as a philosophical reflection on Jewish martyrdom. In both aspects it is a work devoted to helping the reader cultivate a better life. Originally written in Greek, it is a masterpiece of early Hellenistic Jewish philosophy.
The sheer diversity of these books should make it interesting to read them all together. Read such a way, I think they can be seen as a rich exploration of the problems faced by Jews in dealing with the rise of Hellenistic culture from the time of Alexander the Great, and the complexities of living in a civilization that was not merely a political unity but primarily a unity of an all-encompassing and, to the Jews, alien culture. I'll probably be reading them all in the New Revised Standard Version.
Hanukkah (Hebrew for 'Dedication') is, of course, the holiday celebrating the rededication of the Temple that crowned the Maccabean victories. It is a minor holiday in the Jewish calendar; the importance it has in broader culture has more to do with its proximity to Christmas than its significance among the Jews. While the basic story of the Maccabees relevant to Hanukkah is certainly influenced by 1 Maccabees, the book is not part of the Jewish canon -- hence its survival in Greek as part of the Septuagint but not in Hebrew Thus ironically, the Christian canon has more on this very Jewish holiday than the Jewish canon. (This is true, barely, even for the Protestant canon, in which 1 Maccabees is not regarded as canonical; Hanukkah is explicitly mentioned in the Gospel of John 10:22ff., and recognizing this is in fact essential for understanding what is going on in the story.) However, the elements of Hanukkah celebration most widely recognized are those surrounding the story of the miracle of lights, which is a rabbinical tradition that in its earliest written form in the Talmud (Shabbat 21b) long postdates any of the Maccabean books, so, alas, we'll not see it here. Hanukkah is also, of course, called the Festival of Lights; the earliest mention of this is in Josephus, who (interestingly) does not connect the name with any literal light at all, instead taking it metaphorically to mean the sudden manifestation of unhoped-for liberty.
That old bell, presage of a train, had just sounded through Oxford station; and the undergraduates who were waiting there, gay figures in tweed or flannel, moved to the margin of the platform and gazed idly up the line. Young and careless, in the glow of the afternoon sunshine, they struck a sharp note of incongruity with the worn boards they stood on, with the fading signals and grey eternal walls of that antique station, which, familiar to them and insignificant, does yet whisper to the tourist the last enchantments of the Middle Age.
Summary: Zuleika Dobson, or An Oxford Love Story introduces us to the stunningly beautiful granddaughter of the Warden of Judas College, who is arriving for a visit during the bump-races between the colleges. Zuleika (rhymes with seeker, not with hiker) is a professional magician -- or, rather, she is someone who has stage magic as a profession and is successful in it, since we quickly discover that almost her entire repertoire consists of amateur tricks. It is her beauty, not her skill, that has led her to pack international theaters and play before Princes and Dukes; for Zuleika Dobson has the advantage over other magicians that every man falls in love with her the moment he sees her. It is also a personal problem. While she has an ordinary vanity, and thus likes the attention, nonetheless having endless numbers of men falling head over heels in love with her has left her with a firm conviction that a man who falls in love with her is not worth loving. It is with great excitement, then, that she meets John Albert Edward Claude Orde Angus Tankerton (pronounced Tacton) Tanville-Tankerton (pronounced Tavvle-Tacton), the Duke of Dorset, Oxford's pride and joy, who is wealthy, noble, extraordinarily handsome, fluent in all modern languages, and talented in painting and piano. He is also a narcissist used to unmarried women throwing themselves at him. But, alas, even the Duke is not actually immune to her charms, and thus is touched off a chain of events that will destroy the entire Oxford student body.
The work is constantly farcical, but avoids being wearying by ranging from light-hearted to mock-heroic to very dark and morbid. It has a great many in-jokes about Oxford; most of them can be caught fairly easy, but I found I caught some things only because of a summer spent in Oxford in college, and I imagine that it would be most hilarious of all for an actual Oxford undergraduate. The edition I read had an excellent short introduction by Douglas Cleverdon that laid out the key elements it helps to know about Eights Week and Beerbohm himself.
"You have never dipped into the Greek pastoral poets, nor sampled the Elizabethan sonneteers?"
"No, never. You will think me lamentably crude: my experience of life has been drawn from life itself."
"Yet often you talk as though you had read rather much. Your way of speech has what is called 'the literary flavour'."
"Ah, that is an unfortunate trick which I caught from a writer, a Mr. Beerbohm, who once sat next to me at dinner somewhere. I can't break myself of it. I assure you I hardly ever open a book. Of life, though, my experience has been very wide. Brief? But I suppose the soul of man during the past two or three years has been much as it was in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and of—whoever it was that reigned over the Greek pastures. And I daresay the modern poets are making the same old silly distortions. But forgive me," she added gently, "perhaps you yourself are a poet?"
Recommendation: Quite amusing and occasionally hilarious. Recommended.


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Klobuchar's presidential campaign spent one-and-a-half times more than it raised in the third quarter
The relatively high spending from Klobuchar's campaign comes as she still needs to reach 3 percent support in three more qualifying polls before Nov. 13 in order to qualify for the next debate.
By Gabe Schneider | MinnPost Staff Writer
Sen. Amy Klobuchar's fundraising total puts her in eighth place among her rivals for the Democratic nomination; she was in sixth place after the first quarter and seventh place for the third.
REUTERS/Steve Marcus
The deadline for presidential candidates to file their third quarter campaign finance reports with the Federal Election Commission was Oct. 15, the night of the fourth Democratic debate, by midnight. While other candidates had released their reports in the days prior, Sen. Amy Klobuchar's campaign filed its report close to the deadline, at 11:08 p.m.
Klobuchar, as her campaign said earlier in the week, raised $4.8 million. But not mentioned in her press release, which emphasized how she raised more money than the last quarter, was that her campaign spent $7.8 million. That means she spent about one-and-a-half times more than she raised, much of it on fundraising, staff, and digital consultants.
Klobuchar's fundraising total puts her in eighth place among her rivals for the Democratic nomination; she was in sixth place after the first quarter and seventh place for the third.
Entrepreneur Andrew Yang, who is polling on average at around 2 percent, surpassed Klobuchar's total for the third quarter, raising close to $10 million and spending $4.4 million. Sen. Cory Booker, who often polls close to Klobuchar, raised $6 million but spent $7.1 million.
Of those consistently at the top of polls, only former Vice President Joe Biden spent more money than he raised in the third quarter: He raised $15.7 million but spent 17.6 million (over $1 million of it on private jets). Sen. Bernie Sanders raised $28 million and spent $21.5 million, and Sen. Elizabeth Warren raised $24.6 million and spent $18.7 million.
The relatively high spending from Klobuchar's campaign comes as she still needs to reach 3 percent support in three more qualifying polls before Nov. 13 in order to qualify for the next debate on Nov. 20.
"Klobuchar's campaign is likely overspending because she is one of the few candidates in the Democratic primaries who is not among the front-runners but is not so far back that they have realistically no hope of making a push," said Timothy Lindberg, a political science professor at the University of Minnesota Morris. "Spending now allows her to enhance awareness of her campaign and to establish herself more clearly as a relative moderate within the Democratic field.
"Overall this is an indication that internally the Klobuchar campaign is not giving up and continues to believe they could be a factor later on in this cycle after other candidates drop out," said Lindberg. "Given the polling numbers Klobuchar is receiving in national polls, however, that is a significant uphill battle. Despite that, with nothing to lose at this point other than depleting her campaign funds, she has little incentive to withdraw from the race."
Klobuchar has seen a notable upswing in fundraising since pushing back against Warren during the last debate, calling her health care plan a "pipe dream." Her campaign says the Minnesota senator raised $1.1 million in the 24 hours after the debate.
"We look forward to building on this momentum as we continue to make investments in our early state infrastructure and work to build a grassroots operation that can win big in 2020," her campaign said in a statement.
Gabe Schneider
Gabe Schneider is MinnPost's Washington correspondent. Before joining MinnPost, he served as a reporting fellow for the nonprofit Texas Tribune, and he has written for The Columbia Journalism Review, Vox, Los Angeles Magazine, and more.
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UK issues passports without 'European Union' on cover
UK issues passports without 'European Union' on cover /node/1478811/world
Ahead of an EU summit on Wednesday, Prime Minister Theresa May was forced to ask them for another extension, until June 30, to prevent Britain departing with no deal at the end of next week. (Shutterstock)
Ahead of an EU summit on Wednesday, she was forced to ask them for another extension, until June 30, to prevent Britain departing with no deal at the end of next week
LONDON: Britain has begun issuing passports with the words "European Union" removed from the front cover — despite Brexit being delayed and its political leaders deadlocked over how to extricate the country from the bloc.
The interior ministry said Saturday that a longstanding decision to start introducing passports without reference to the EU had gone ahead from March 30, the day after the original date for Brexit.
Prime Minister Theresa May has delayed leaving the bloc after 46 years of membership amid stubborn opposition in parliament to the divorce deal she finalized with European leaders in November.
MPs have comprehensively rejected the agreement three times.
Ahead of an EU summit on Wednesday, she was forced to ask them for another extension, until June 30, to prevent Britain departing with no deal at the end of next week.
But the other 27 members must give unanimous backing to any further postponement and are increasingly impatient at the paralysis in Westminster. They could offer just a shorter postponement — or a longer period of up to a year.
French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian told reporters at a G7 meeting in France on Saturday that it was time for the Brexit crisis to end.
"The British authorities and the British parliament need to understand that (the EU) is not going to be able to constantly exhaust itself with the ups and downs of domestic British politics," he said.
However Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar cautioned it was "extremely unlikely" a member would veto another extension, while revealing he now favored a lengthy delay.
May is trying to break the parliamentary gridlock by striking a compromise deal with the main Labour opposition.
Senior ministers have spent several days negotiating with its leaders, but there are signs of the talks stalling after Labour complained of no "real change or compromise."
British finance minister Philip Hammond nevertheless struck an optimistic tone at a meeting Saturday of European finance ministers in Bucharest.
There were "no red lines" in the ongoing discussions, he told reporters, adding: "I expect we will reach some form of agreement."
Britain's interior ministry meanwhile confirmed that some newly issued passports now omit references to the EU on the cover, while others still bear the bloc's name.
The discrepancy was due to an attempt to save public money by using up "leftover stock," but both designs would be "equally valid for travel," they insisted.
"Passports that include the words 'European Union' will continue to be issued for a short period," a spokeswoman said.
British passports had already become ensnared in the country's Brexit divisions after the government announced in 2017 it would return to traditional blue passports "to restore national identity."
The travel documents had dark blue covers from 1921, but Britain switched to burgundy from 1988, in common with other members of the-then European Community.
Last year it emerged that Franco-Dutch company Gemalto had won the contract to make the new blue passports, prompting fury from Brexit campaigners and more ridicule from Remainers that a British company was not chosen.
The new production contract is to begin in October 2019, with passports currently being issued in the burgundy color.
Whether Britain will have left the bloc by then is uncertain.
Even those of May's Conservative colleagues who back her deal have denounced any outreach to Labour, while the most hard-line Brexiteers remain implacably opposed to her deal.
Hammond, who backed Remain in Britain's 2016 referendum and is seen as favoring as soft a Brexit as possible, urged his divided party to show flexibility.
"We should be open to listen to suggestions that others have made and some people in the Labour Party are making other suggestions," he said.
Labour is pushing for a much closer post-Brexit alliance with the EU, including participation in a customs union.
May has previously dismissed the idea because it bars Britain from striking its own trade deals with global giants such as China and the United States.
Labour's home affairs spokeswoman Diane Abbott also called for compromise.
"The government perhaps has to show a little more flexibility than it seems to have done so far," she told the BBC.
Topics: British passport Brexit
Britain's May asks EU for Brexit extension to June 30
UK losing £6.6bn pounds a quarter since Brexit referendum, says S&P
UK hopes to be able to consider lockdown easing in March /node/1794011/world
UK hopes to be able to consider lockdown easing in March
Prime Minister Boris Johnson has set a target of vaccinating the elderly, including care home residents, the clinically vulnerable and frontline workers
LONDON: Britain's government hopes it can meet its target for rolling out COVID-19 vaccines and be able to consider easing lockdown restrictions by March, foreign minister Dominic Raab said on Sunday.
The country, which has Europe's highest COVID-19 death toll, has been under a national lockdown since Jan. 5, when schools were closed for most pupils, non-essential businesses were shut to the public, and people were ordered to work from home where possible.
"What we want to do is get out of this national lockdown as soon as possible," Raab told Sky News television.
"By early spring, hopefully by March, we'll be in a position to make those decisions. I think it's right to say we won't do it all in one big bang. As we phase out the national lockdown, I think we'll end up phasing through a tiered approach."
Prime Minister Boris Johnson has set a target of vaccinating the elderly, including care home residents, the clinically vulnerable and frontline workers — or roughly more than 13 million people — by mid-February.
If all goes smoothly, he has said that England can consider easing lockdown restrictions from that time.
The Sunday Times newspaper said British ministers had reached a deal to approve a three-point plan that could lead to some lockdown restrictions being lifted as soon as early March.
Areas will have restrictions eased once their death rate has fallen, the number of hospital admissions drops and some people aged between 50 and 70 are vaccinated, the newspaper said.
The Sunday Times quoted cabinet ministers as saying they were prepared to resist pressure from health advisers to delay the changes until most people are vaccinated, a process that would take until the summer at least.
"For the first time there are no significant divisions between hawks and doves in the cabinet," a cabinet source told the newspaper. "Everyone accepted that we need to lock down hard and everyone accepts that we need to open up before everyone is vaccinated."
A spokesman in Johnson's office declined to comment on the report.
Topics: UK COVID-19
UK economy shrinks by 2.6% in November, first drop since April


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Easter Eggs Us On To God's Message
Church of England Article By Lord Taylor of Warwick
It was Samuel Taylor Coleridge – sadly no relation – who said: "In politics, what begins in fear usually ends in folly"
So much of the political rhetoric concerning asylum and immigration has historically been motivated by fear: fear of the foreigner, fear of those who look or sound different. But Britain now needs to face facts: it has a skills shortage and needs to attract, rather than repel, migration.
The mood of the nation is affected by significant events like the Olympics and major international soccer tournaments, such as the World Cup and European Championships. Although England's performances at this level have been patchy over recent years, they have created a resurgence of the Union flag and the cross of St George. For some years these national emblems had been hi-jacked by the British National Party.
It is inspiring to see black Englishmen like Rio Ferdinand and Sol Campbell representing their country at soccer, not forgetting the great England spin bowling cricketer, Monty Panesar. Dame Kelly Holmes brought Olympic double glory for Britain. There are thousands more from the ethnic minority communities who are not famous, but contribute to the nation's prosperity
My parents came to live in Birmingham, West Midlands, in the early 1950s. My father was born in Trench Town, Jamaica, in the West Indies, He was one of nine children, growing up in a two-bedroom shack, just a few yards away from where Bob Marley – the Reggae artist – lived. My father drove a taxi during the day for white tourists and studied during the night. By the time he got to England he was a fully qualified Chartered Accountant. But the only job he could get was as a toilet cleaner at the Lucas factory.
During those years, my father and other newcomers to Britain suffered many setbacks due to the colour of their skin. Not only jobs, but housing and basic dignity were denied to these immigrants, in a country they regarded as the motherland. My father was one of the more fortunate ones. His cricketing skills were noticed and he signed as a professional county cricketer and then coach for the Warwickshire Bears. In the winter months he was also able to earn a few pounds as a talent scout for Aston Villa Football Club. It is ironic that decades later, I am one of the Villa Patron. My father had come to England to stay, not to be defeated by racism. He and others helped to pave the way for Britain's modern multi-racial society.
I am frequently asked to advise private and public sector organisations on diversity issues. The vocabulary of the debate has widened from one of discrimination and racial equality. It is now increasingly recognized that such organisations can be more effective and successful if they embrace diversity in their workforce and consumer base. This is manifesting itself also now in the corridors of power, where more ethnic minorities are becoming Members of Parliament.
Racial diversity opens a window to the world and through managed migration, the United Kingdom can continue to compete successfully in the global marketplace. Managed migration will help build bridges between races, not walls.
There is little evidence that host workers suffer by losing jobs to migrants. On the contrary, migrants create new business and fill labour market gaps. However, migration must never become a substitute for other policies concerning skills, education and training, Moreover, it seems sensible that migrants should be proficient in English and have some understanding of our British constitution.
Unfortunately, when immigration is discussed, it often becomes entangled in the emotive issue of asylum. Asylum-seekers are entitled to claim protection from the persecution they would suffer if returned to their country of origin. But the Immigration Tribunal system, designed to test the validity of asylum applications, can take years to complete. The asylum system itself must be improved by resolving cases far more quickly. Justice delayed is justice denied.
We must not forget that Jesus himself was an asylum seeker. In Matthew 2: 13-23, he and his parents, Mary and Joseph had to flee from their home in Bethlehem, Judea to another country, Egypt. They were in danger from King Herod and were not able to return to Israel, until after die King died. So Jesus can empathise with those who flee from persecution to a foreign country. But when the time was right, he willingly sacrificed his life, as a sign of his love for us. That is central to God's message to us at Easter time.
The information superhighway can now transport facts, ideas and opinions across all racial and cultural divides, within seconds. The only barrier it cannot penetrate is the closed heart. At this Easter time God wants to open up our hearts, as he reminds us that Jesus died for all races. In fact, there is only one race, the human race.
Aston Villa Football ClubBirminghamBob MarleyBritainBritish constitutionBritish National PartyEuropean ChampionshipsImmigration Tribunal systemJamaicaKelly HolmesKing HerodLucas factoryMary and JosephMonty PanesarOlympicsRio FerdinandSamuel Taylor ColeridgeSol CampbellTrench TownWarwickshire BearsWorld Cup


We read books about bunnies and other creatures that hop during our second storytime of the spring session. There was also a finger puppet play with two little bunnies, some magic rabbits and a whole host of songs & rhymes. There was even a little movie about a hopping frog…well bunnies & frogs hop don't they? Hope everyone enjoyed our bunny hopping time together.
Listed below are the stories, songs, rhymes, flannel boards and video we shared.
What's the Matter Bunny Blue? by Nicola Smee is a sweet tale about a blue bunny who's feeling "blue" because he can't find his granny. All of the animals he encounters try to help him find her but they sure ask a lot of questions! In the meantime, Bunny Blue is crying his eyes out – "…Boo Hoo Hoo." Is there a happy ending you ask? But of course! Nicola Smee writes some great picture books for the toddler crowd – they are visually simple, yet appealing and the story lines are easy for a little one to follow.
Mama Look by Patricia J. Murphy and David Diaz is an exploration into the various creatures we find in nature. I don't think there are many children who haven't asked: "Mama Look!" or "Papa Look!" Just talking with your baby about the world around you creates so many opportunities for bonding and supporting language development. Each page of this book leads to a new animal or insect..grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, frogs, puppies, squirrels, and more! At the very end though it's the baby bee who notices the human baby on Mama's back!
If you want to read more books about bunnies, check these out at your local Pasadena Public Library!


The Queensland Library Achiever of the Year Award is maintained by the ALIA Queensland group.
The Queensland Library Achiever of the Year Award was originally an initiative of the Queensland Library Promotion Council Inc. It was then administered by ALIA Quorum, a group which aimed to support and promote the interests of library and information professionals in Queensland.
The first Award was presented in 1995 and in 2015 we celebrated the 20th anniversary of the Award. The Award winner will receive $200 in cash and a trophy to recognise the Award. Thank you to UQ Library for sponsoring the 2018 award.
Congratulations to Sam Searle who was awarded the Queensland Library Achiever of the Year Award 2018! Sam was presented with this award at the ALIA QLD Mini Conference for her dedication to ALIA and the library and information community and her successful partnership in creating a community of practice for Library IT professionals. Thank you UQ Library for sponsoring this award.
Photo: Sam Searle, Manager, Library Technology Services, Griffith University and Annette McNicol, acting University Librarian, The University of Queensland.
Any individual working in a library or information centre in Queensland, and who is a financial member of ALIA is eligible for nomination.
By one of your peers or a professional colleague.
Innovative practice in the development of library and information services.
Progress achieved in the implementation of new services or new technologies.
Successful collaborative ventures or partnerships in library and information services.
Creative approaches to marketing or promoting library and information services.
Demonstrated dedication to the advancement of libraries.
Please note that nominations do not need to address all criteria.
1. Nominations are sought from all sectors of the library and information profession in Queensland.
A portfolio to demonstrate evidence of the accomplishments may accompany the submission, but is not mandatory.
3. Submissions may be made in either print or electronically.
4. The closing date for nominations for future awards is to be decided.
One member of ALIA, invited by the ALIA Qld Committee.
6. The decisions made by the selection panel are final and no correspondence will be entered into.
7. ALIA reserves the right to withhold an award should the selection panel advise that no nominees have met the given criteria.


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Supercharging Student Recruitment: a short essay
Posted by Nik Higgins on March 4, 2019
When The Access Platform (TAP) first started it was just my Co-founder, and our Chief Exec, George Olesen, living on a houseboat and working from a desk in the British Library. He'd decided to quit his job at Amazon Web Services to pursue an idea that he'd been thinking about whilst at university. As a teenager George had been a boarder at the world-famous Harrow School. He left Harrow in 2011 and went on to study Engineering at Durham University. I'm sure he wouldn't mind me saying that he found the transition to university pretty straightforward. His older sister had friends studying there, so it was easy enough for him to make the trip up there to speak to some of them who were studying engineering and make an informed decision about whether the university and the course was right for him.
George (left) on his houseboat. Apparently it wasn't so pleasant during December!
Shortly after arriving at Durham, the tables turned and George found himself having phone calls and coffees with his friends' younger sisters and brothers about what studying engineering at Durham was like. Having seen the value of these conversations from both sides, George questioned whether access to these advisory conversations with students was equal, and what could be done to make them more easily available to everyone. It was a problem that stuck with him and, being the entrepreneurial soul that he is, led him to quit his job and explore whether technology might be able to help. After six months of Companies House registrations, showering in a gym, and floating around the canals of North London The Access Platform was born.
I met George later that year. At the time I was running the careers team at a lively, and wonderfully diverse sixth form in Hackney. I remember vividly the first time we spoke. I had just slumped, exhausted into the chair at my desk after de-escalating a mild brawl between two groups of students. The phone rang and I answered to a chipper and optimistic stream of unsolicited questions about university applications, careers support, and further education. I have to confess that I gave the guy at the other end of the line a pretty hard time. Who was this random person quizzing me? What does he know about working with young people? How the hell can technology help? He needed to get real, or so I thought.
The canteen at Brooke House Sixth Form, Hackney, the college I worked in before joining George at TAP
It was a tough time to be working in the FE sector. The government had just initiated it's much maligned 'area review' strategy (a five year process of audit, closures, and forced mergers), Ofsted had just released its new Common Inspection Framework (which, amongst other things, demanded that schools and colleges provide more careers provision, without suggesting where the extra cash for this support should come from), and A Level qualifications were transitioning from the existing AS/A2 model to a 'linear', two year structure (causing a massive headache for teachers who had previously used AS results to favourably predict grades for kids with less traditional educational histories).
Despite all this he caught my attention. There was something in his optimism and the shapelessness of the whole thing that I found exciting. We decided to give it a go, and I quit my job in FE a few months later.
As with any relationship the first few month were a process of 'working things out'. First, on a personal level (Is it ok if I wear shorts and flip-flops to the office?; Does the other guy like going for a pint on Friday's; How many times is it ok to say 'gross margin' without really understanding what it means?), and, second, how we were actually going to make 'technology' help with the problem. The thing we believed in was always clear, however. We shared a deeply held belief that connecting students already studying at a university with those who were yet to make the transition was a powerful, positive, and progressive thing to do.
I had spent the previous five years sitting in on countless university run events where well meaning recruitment and outreach staff had, time and time again, delivered talks and handed out leaflets and prospectuses to my students. I'm sad to say that, good intentions aside, the talks were often met with what was, at best, mild interest and, at worst, outright boredom. The end of each session was always followed by the predictable aftermath of a quickly-executed student exodus from the nominated classroom, and an overfilling of the college bins with glossy printed materials. The visits were never a complete failure though. The university staff always brought student ambassadors along with them. Current undergraduates who, dressed in brightly coloured branded t-shirts, would set up a stall in the college canteen and spend the lunch hour chatting to my students. I was struck by ease with which they chatted to student after student, warmly answering questions that ranged from the mundane to the ridiculous. I couldn't help but notice the keenness with which faces that had, an hour previously, borne looks of blank derision turned to excitement and interest upon chatting to the student ambassadors. I observed this on lots of occasions: at summer schools, open days, and in Q&A sessions. Despite the power of these interactions, the student ambassadors always seemed to be thought of as something of an added benefit, or 'nice to have', by the university staff, rather than as a core part of their strategy to engage my students.
I did a lot of thinking about this in the years before George and I started The Access Platform, and particularly noted that there was a real disconnect between the logic of a large swathe of higher education policy (particularly in relation to the widening participation agenda) and the realities how young people engage with one another and come to be motivated to make certain educational, and dare I say it 'life', decisions. In 2015/16 my college successfully sent three students to Oxbridge (a massive achievement given the socio-economic context of the institution). As well as the tenacity, courage, and brilliance of those young people, a key part of their successful applications to Oxford and Cambridge had been a peer and academic mentoring programme that I had put together. The programme linked these young people with Oxbridge graduates, (I was lucky enough to study at the university between 2009-12, and recruited some of my more socially conscious mates to help out), for advisory conversations and soft academic tuition. It was a massive success, but left me with a feeling of frustration that such interactions were predicated, in a deeply inequitable way, on a member of a college's careers staff being lucky enough to have a load of Oxridge bods in their phone book, and were unscalable because of the physical necessity to meet 'in person' (not to mention the rigmarole of DBS checks and supervision).
A learning curve
Back to George and I in the first months of The Access Platform's existence. I'm ashamed to say that, in those early days, my understanding of technology was about as advanced as a cartwheel. Slightly ridiculous given the fact that I had just quit my career in education to start a tech company. Thankfully, with his background at Amazon, George was on hand to steer the ship. We bounced a couple of ideas around and eventually created what is known in the start-up world as an 'Minimum Viable Product' (MVP). An MVP is basically something you can just about get customers using without them laughing/ shouting at you. We knew from the outset that universities would be our customers. We were laser foucussed on helping young people, but we knew that we could only do that successfully by also creating an institutional solution. We wanted to create a business where everyone benefitted: young people got access to previously unreachable conversations with current students, universities were more successful in their recruitment, marketing, and outreach, and we didn't look like mugs with more bravado than sense. At least that was the idea.
Our first MVP was an online platform that enabled prospective students to book phone calls with student ambassadors. The calls ran through a phone conferencing bridge that we operated, and we ran manual safeguarding checks on all the interactions. Genius, we thought. Problem solved! The only small (well, actually, very big) issue was that no one really booked any calls. We tore our hair out a bit, and then we talked to some young people. They, quite rightly, and very matter-of-factly, told us that 'no-one actually makes calls any these days'. More to the point, it would just be downright weird to have one with a stranger. We'd got it wrong and, in retrospect, it was a daft mistake to make. We'd got carried away with the idea of making these interactions possible without taking enough time to think about the way in which the young people actually wanted to interact. Particularly silly on my part given the fact that I had spent my time in FE stuck in a perpetual cycle of confiscating phones from students more interested in chatting to their mates on Facebook messenger than listening to my presentations on UCAS deadlines! We sucked it up, built a direct messaging feature, and saw a huge increase in the number of interactions on our platform.
A very early MVP from an (unsuccessful) sales meeting
It was a great period. We rapidly grew our number of university customers, hired a Customer Success Manager, Georgina Munn, and took on a couple of interns. We got really quite excited about what we were doing. However, despite the positive direction of travel there was still something niggling us. We were seeing thousands of eyeballs hitting the pages of our universities and observing these eyeballs spending a disproportionate amount of time reading and browsing profiles, but the problem was that not a high enough percentage of the young people viewing profiles were actually going on to start a conversation with a student ambassador. We fiddled around with the aesthetic of the profiles, added some jazzier colours, and told student ambassadors to write more engaging 'about me' sections, but nothing quite seemed to do the trick. We mulled it over for a couple of month and then, in what we thought was a 'eureka' moment, decided to build an 'ask a question' feature. It was obvious! Not everyone must want to start a long conversation with an actual person, they must just want to the answer to a one-off question. That's why they are lurking on the profiles, but not starting a conversation. Problem solved!
And then, somewhat ironically, no one really asked a question.
Rethinking the problem
We realised that we needed to have a bit of a rethink if we were ever actually going to come up with a workable solution; if we were ever going to be able to make technology solve the issue of conversations and connections for prospective students, and the problem of recruitment and outreach for universities. We did what all good startup founders should do. We went back to our customers, back to the data, and found someone much more clever than us.
George and I were joined by our third co-founder, Dominic O'Neill, in early 2018. Dom's something of a savant, he speaks 5 languages, is an expert in coding and product development, and spent the early part of his career designing branding and marketing strategies for Nord Anglia, the international education multinational. We brought Dom on board to help us translate our newest insights into a coherent vision for our product and, ultimately, to do a full redesign of platform to create something really powerful that would enable universities and students alike to be successful.
We took onboard the learnings from the experiments of our first year in business, and started a period of intensive research into the the thousands of direct message interactions that had come through our platform to date. We found discovered some interesting stuff. We learned that only about ⅓ of the direct message conversations were 'deep interactions' (meaningful conversational exchanges that took place over an extended period of time); that, surprisingly, over half of the conversations were little more than question and answer style exchanges (a prospective student asking X question and being given Z answer by a student ambassador; and that just over 10% of the interactions were 'spam' (interactions were ill-suited to a chat style exchange). We also found that, overwhelmingly, the heaviest users of our platform were international students.
Direct message interactions data from The Access Platform
This was interesting for a number of reasons. Primarily, because we had seen something of a reluctance from users to 'ask a question' through our Q&A feature, and also because, although many conversational interactions were brief, there was a clear demand from users for answers and information that was 'served' back to them. In the majority of cases prospective students were using our direct messaging feature for, one-off informational exchanges. Great to see, but not necessarily the most efficient way for them to access the answers they needed, or the best use of student ambassador time. We also confirmed our suspicions about the effectiveness of our 'call' function. Despite being an excellent idea in principle, the data showed that less than 2% of interactions through our platform. We took the tough, but logical, decision to remove this feature and focus on those that were providing most value to customers and prospective students.
At the same time we were doing this research we were also touring the HE conference circuit and spending lots of time speaking to our current customers, student ambassadors, and prospective students to really drill down into how our platform could provide most value to everyone involved. We gained a number of valuable insights from these conversations:
We spoke to 15 universities at the CASE SMC conference and began to understand the increasing value of 'user generated content' as part of student recruitment marketing process, and also learned about the difficulties that marketing and social media teams were having when trying to collect this content. This, coupled with the persuasive statistic that 83% of international students are using social media channels to research universities (and our learning about international student use of our platform), led us to think more about the role content could play in interactions on TAP.
We learned that our customers wanted a more 'holistic solution', something that would allow them to operationalise the value of their student ambassadors across multiple channels, and throughout the entire student recruitment lifecycle. They also wanted a system that gave them access to data and insights, and one that integrated in a complementary way with their CRM systems.
We interviewed about 50 current students and asked them, aside from hourly remuneration, what would make them motivated to work effectively, and in the most responsive way possible, as a student ambassador for their university. It's worth saying that, for the record, we thought it would be prizes (like Iphones and ASOS vouchers). Wrong again. It turns out they want tangible career benefits - something that recognises their efforts in a professional capacity and contributes to their graduate employability.
George and I mulled this all over whilst Dom built a prototype content tool which allowed social media teams to crowdsource UGC from their student ambassadors. The pilots of the content tool were really successful, but we all kept coming to the same conclusion: that it was time to do something a bit more drastic. We did the next thing that all good Startup founders should do, we raised some investment and found more people that were much cleverer than we were.
UGC collected during a content tool pilot at Pearson Business School
The process took over 6 months (and cost George much of his hair), but it paid off. We raised an investment round from expert investors, grew the number of customer support and partnerships staff, hired lots more techies to grow our in-house team, and found some wonderful new directors in David Barnes, former Head of Education at Grant Thornton, and Nick Golding, former CEO of the international pathways provider The Cambridge Education Group. We were so committed to building the best platform for our university partners that we went back to the drawing board and started all over again.
We were going to rebuild The Access Platform and make it the most effective tool on the market. We knew that there were other companies offering peer-to-peer chat plugins, tools that enabled retrospective content collection from social media, and universities who were building their own FAQ pages, but no-one was offering all of these solutions in a single platform built especially for universities. We were going to do just that, and create a powerful one-stop-shop to enable institutions to supercharge their student recruitment marketing.
The key principles of the new platform were to be that:
All information, (profiles, UGC, and FAQs), should be available in a searchable format;
Combining peer-to-peer chat and user generated content creates the most engaging 'hook' for prospective students;
User Generated Content should be collectable and publishable in real time;
Answers to FAQs should be created by the university and automatically 'served' to prospects;
Full access to data and powerful analytics enables universities to most effectively act on the interactions and insights generated by our platform;
Integration with CRM and other management tools is key to ensuring additive benefit for university partners;
Effectively incentivising student ambassadors delivers a better experience for them, and for prospective students;
The platform is never 'finished', the student recruitment market is dynamic and constantly evolving and our technology should continue to meet those changing demands.
Supercharging student recruitment
Back to the present day. We've spent the past 12 months building, refining, and testing our new platform, and I'm pleased to say that, as of last month, it's now finished. The previous version of the platform provided real value to our university partners, extending their international reach, digitising their outreach efforts, and delivering up to 100x ROI on the money they spent with us. The new version of TAP promises to go far beyond this, in a recent trial of our content feature at a prestigious London Business we managed to boost their User Generated Content output by a staggering (and slightly ridiculous sounding 4000%). Encouraging early signs!
The new version of The Access Platform aims to fundamentally redefine the process of student recruitment, and to enable universities to, very genuinely, build awareness, confidence, and a sense of belonging with prospective students anywhere in the world. It brings together two years of data analysis, red herrings, and research with universities, student ambassadors, and prospective students, and a recognition that only by harnessing multiple touch points in the decision making process of prospective students (images and videos to provide insight, questions and answers to provide information, and peer-to-peer conversations to build affinity) can a university truly mobilise its current students to be their most effective recruitment and outreach tool in the ever-changing HE market.
A video overview of our updated platform
Our new platform has four features:
Chat, which enables prospects to have peer-to-peer and group conversations with student ambassadors, and staff;
Content, which enables you to source User Generated Content directly from your student ambassadors;
FAQ, which enables you to source authentic, student answers to common questions;
Analytics, which uses machine learning to enable you to gain a deeper understanding of your prospects and what they care about.
It's simple to set up and run, is fully safeguarded, GDPR compliant, integrates with all CRM systems, has built-in student ambassador incentivisation and automatic career reference tool, and is priced competitively to ensure that it is not out of the reach of any university, whatever the size. It's currently being used for purposes ranging from widening participation to international postgraduate recruitment by institutions like The University of Oxford, The University of Sheffield, The University of East Anglia, King's College London, Bucks New University, and The University of Cumbria (to name but a few).
If you've made it to this point in my mini essay then thank you (and well done!). I want to conclude by making a bit of an appeal. We understand that universities are facing an incredibly tough regulatory and political climate; with changing OfS requirements, student migration patterns, and a demographic dip making the process of recruiting students an ever more difficult task. At The Access Platform we are striving to help institutions, and work with them as partners, rather than customers, to enable them to flourish in a world where prospective applicants demand authenticity and online-first communications. We believe even more strongly in original, abstract idea of using technology to solve the problem, of information and access to connections, for young people as they make embark on their journey to university. We believe equally as strongly in enabling universities to benefit from this technological step-change, from this redefinition of student recruitment, in a globalised, digitally driven HE sector.
We're always looking for new partners, new institutions who can gain value from our platform and help inform the next phase of its development. If anything that you have read above has piqued your interest, made you excited, or driven you to shout angrily at the words on the page, then please do drop me a line. Even if it's only for a quick phone call to say hello, or a coffee to find out more, then we'd love to hear from you. You can reach me here.


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La Valla-en-Gier est une commune française située dans le département de la Loire en région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Les habitants sont appelés Vallauds .

Géographie

La Valla se situe au sud du département de la Loire, à  de Saint-Chamond et  de Saint-Étienne, et fait partie intégrante du parc naturel régional du Pilat. Trois sentiers en boucle au départ du village, permettent de découvrir une commune dont le tiers est recouvert par la forêt. Très vaste, elle comprend une cinquantaine de hameaux et s'étend en amont du barrage de Soulage (440 m) jusqu'au crêt de la Perdrix (1349 m).

La superficie de la commune est de  ; son altitude varie de .

Le bourg, établi à flanc de montagne, domine trois barrages qui servent à l'alimentation en eau potable de la ville de Saint-Chamond, distante d'une dizaine de kilomètres. La commune est entaillée par deux vallées principales marquant profondément le relief. C'est dans ce paysage très accidenté que le Saut du Gier s'impose au visiteur : une cascade impressionnante accessible après une ascension à travers des chirats (éboulis de pierres très caractéristiques sur la commune).

Intercommunalité : Saint-Étienne Métropole depuis 2003.

Urbanisme

Typologie
La Valla-en-Gier est une commune rurale, car elle fait partie des communes peu ou très peu denses, au sens de la grille communale de densité de l'Insee.

Par ailleurs la commune fait partie de l'aire d'attraction de Saint-Étienne, dont elle est une commune de la couronne. Cette aire, qui regroupe , est catégorisée dans les aires de  à moins de .

Histoire

Avant la Révolution française, les habitations de La Valla-en-Gier était rattachées à la seigneurie du Thoil, aujourd'hui lieu-dit (en ruine) du Bessat.

Très ancienne (des travaux ont permis de retrouver les traces d'une église du ), La Valla incluait jusqu'en 1831 la commune voisine du Bessat. En 1817, Marcellin Champagnat, nommé vicaire du village, y fonda la première communauté des frères maristes.

Au , un italien dénommé Gayotti vient s'établir à Luzernod, au-dessus de la Valla-en-Gier. Il apporte avec lui le savoir-faire italien du travail de la soie, introduite en France depuis deux siècles déjà. Il construit alors le premier moulin « à dévider la soie » de la région. Il ira par la suite s'installer à Saint-Chamond, au confluent du Janon et du Gier. Avec lui se développe le moulinage.

Politique et administration

Démographie

Lieux et monuments
 L'église Sainte-Agathe-et-Saint-Andéol, dont le chœur est orné depuis 1987 de plusieurs vitraux sortis de l'atelier du maître-verrier Paul Duckert, artiste formé à Taizé.
 Près de la mairie : le puits des Sœurs (un puits en pierre taillée classé monument historique).
 À l'écart du bourg : une curiosité offerte par les toits du hameau des Serchettes, dont les lignes de faîtages convergent toutes vers le même point.
 Le barrage de la Rive, aménagé sur les rivières « le Ban et le Jarez », construit en 1870.

Personnalités liées à la commune
Marcellin Champagnat (1789-1840), fondateur des frères maristes, nommé vicaire à La Valla en 1816.
Étienne Bedoin (1790-1864), curé de La Valla et fondateur en 1849 des Petites Sœurs de la Sainte-Enfance.
François Rivat (1808-1881)  supérieur général des frères maristes reconnu vénérable par l'Église catholique, né à La Valla.

Voir aussi

 Liste des communes de la Loire
 Saint Andéol
 Saint-Andéol-de-Berg

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

Commune dans la Loire
Commune de Saint-Étienne Métropole
Aire urbaine de Saint-Étienne


Kurt Stand has revealed his latest Strand Craft superyacht concept, the 135 metre California.
Accommodation is for 24 guests and 50 crew with the interior decorated with materials including reclaimed wood, natural stone, inside wall waterfalls and large aquariums. There are 3 pools with waterfalls and a wave machine for surfing.
Interior design would also include a lounge area with a bar, a game room, 24 seat cinema, gym, Turkish bath, wellness center and a night club.
The superyacht will be powered by a hybrid electric propulsion system that allows the yacht to run at a reduced cruising speed of 11 knots for five hours on power provided by a 60-tonne lithium-ion battery bank. All tenders and toys on board would also be electrically powered.
There is a helipad on the foredeck with a hangar for storing the helicopter below the helipad, operated by an automatic elevator system.


text:
Q: Does debugging a netfilter service in windows belong to kernel debug? I know that to do kernel debug I need 2 OS,the hosting OS and the target OS.
but does a netfilter service(ndis filter,to be exact) belong to the kernel?

A: Yes. NDIS filters are loaded into kernel mode. There is an almost identical question already here. Kernel debugging techniques have to be applied.

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