Every landlord understands the importance of choosing quality tenants. But not every landlord's tenant screening policy is as effective as it could be.
A landlord who cuts corners with tenant screening is no different than another business owner who hires an employee without first verifying the person's qualifications.
In both cases, the business owners risk theft, liability and income loss.
But unlike other business owners — who can simply fire bad employees — landlords have a much harder time getting rid of problem tenants.
1. Not screening each and every tenant.
A landlord cannot predict with absolute certainty whether an applicant will become a problem tenant. But screening every tenant greatly reduces the risk of inheriting a bad tenant. Trusting an applicant's appearance or demeanor and judging the rental application on its face without verification are risky mistakes. Problem tenants know how to play that game.
That's why it is important to demand a tenant background check from every tenant, which includes all adults in cases of multiple occupants.
2. Not starting the screening process early enough.
Tenant screening is a process of elimination throughout each phase of leasing, and that process begins with the first communication. The longer the process lasts, the more information the landlord will have to reference, and the more likely any inconsistencies will be revealed. Starting early also discourages bad tenants from applying, and that will save time.
3. Not realizing a vacancy is less costly than a bad tenant.
In the rush to fill a vacancy, especially in a property subject to a looming mortgage payment, landlords run the risk of making mistakes. Professional tenants — the ones who burn landlord after landlord — are watching for this very situation.
Bad tenants don't just skip out without paying rent — sometimes they fight the landlord's eviction and remain in the property for months. While they live rent-free, they have no compunction about damaging the property. Because the potential costs to repair property damage or to prosecute a prolonged eviction are virtually unlimited, it's safe to assume it will cost less to allow the property to sit vacant a few days — or even a month — while searching for the right tenant.
4. Not applying the same tenant screening policies to everyone.
Screening policies that vary from tenant to tenant can give rise to discrimination claims — and the associated income loss.
What's more, a standardized policy allows the landlord to use the best screening techniques for each new tenant. That greatly increases the likelihood of discovering a problem tenant.
5. Using the wrong criteria for evaluating applicants.
For screening to be most effective, the landlord must know the end game — the specific qualifications they are looking for in a tenant. Inappropriate criteria that don't relate to ability to pay rent and care for the rental property limit a landlord's choices, and can give rise to liability if an otherwise qualified applicant is rejected. For instance, one landlord rejected tenants for not maintaining an open line of credit and was sued for discrimination; another could only envision students in her rental, and turned away all other qualified applicants.
6. Not checking with current and previous landlords.
Harsh words, but they convey an important message. Imagine the frustration a landlord feels when a problem tenant has no problem finding a new landlord.
TVS/ATS member received a set of Operating Instructions after sign up. The Tips therein advise the steps that you should take to minimize risk of rental income loss. That includes contacting the current and if possible the previous landlord. http://www.criminalfraud.com click on landlord fraud, gives you some insight with respect to interviewing a current or previous landlord. http://www.landlordfraud.com is another educational website for landlords and property managers. It takes 30 minutes to develop a tenant screening process that you can use in each and every instance. It will save you time in the long run, it will minimize your risk of rental income loss and it will ensure that you cannot be accused of rental discrimination if used for each rental applicant. Run your rental business like a professional…you will benefit from it. Educate yourself with your State/Provincial tenancy laws. Professional Landlord Abusers will take advantage of you if you don't.


Daniel Zampieri survived a wild start to the race and Giacomo Altoe brought the No. 5 Antonelli Motorsport Lamborghini Huracan Super Trofeo Evo home to win Pro/Pro Am Race 2 and secure the Lamborghini World Final championship.
Contact as the field came to the green flag took out several championship contenders, including Race 1 winners Afiq Yazid and Kei Cozzolino, but Zampieri was clear of the melee due to qualifying on the Race 2 pole yesterday.
Zampieri led by over 5 seconds by the time he entered the pits to turn the car over to Altoe who cruised unchallenged to the finish, ultimately winning by a whopping 19.983 seconds.
James Pull and Kelvin Snoeks finished second for Bonaldi Motorsport, followed by the No. 26 Leipert Motorsport duo of Niels Lagrange and Frederik Schandorff, while Andrea Amici held off Trent Hindman in a thrilling battle for fourth and fifth.
Target Racing drivers Simon Larsson and Dennis Lind won in the Pro Am class, while Loris Spinelli and JC Perez secured the class title in remarkable fashion, adding to their season-long championships in Super Trofeo North American and Super Trofeo Europe won earlier this year.
Perez was involved in the first lap carnage and actually made a pit stop to remove damaged body work under the ensuing safety car.
Perez, who on the live web stream said the car had significant suspension damage and was pulling to the left after the contact, started the recovery back through the field on his stint before turning the car over to Spinelli.
The Italian continued the charge and ultimately finished fourth in class on the road, but a post-race time penalty for Francesca Linossi and Stefano Colombo put the P1 Motorsports duo on the podium in third with just enough points to clinch the class title, one more than their nearest challenger.


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Sometimes, okay all the time, one or two hands go up. This indicates the people who are eager to please, and not necessarily the people who like to write or are eager to write.
At this point, I've established that my hand is the one in the air and that I'm there to help people become better writers and communicators. I don't care that they like or dislike writing. In a class dedicated to reading and writing, my goal is to get people writing.
What's important in all this is that I actually do like to write. Quite a lot, in fact. However, liking to write is different from being good at writing or being successful with writing (as in make a career at it). It's one of the things I do all the time. I make my own journals in part to save money and in part because I need things to take notes in and write in and work in.
You might even say that, for me, writing is a massive part of my life. I've dedicated a good portion of it, my income, and my time to the act and process. I'd like to think I'm pretty good at writing, though that may actually be a subjective thing, though the objective granting of a Masters of Fine Arts in Creative Writing may suggest otherwise.
In addition to writing, I'm pretty passionate about teaching writing, though I doubt I'll ever follow through on some of my larger projects in that regard. Meaning, I won't write the book I think needs to be written because the market for writing books is seriously saturated and I don't want my work lost.
Writing, however, requires Reading, or you have to read and take things in so you can then produce something new and unique (to you). Which, by the way, is not something truly new or unique. Which leads me to, the more you read, the better you will write so long as you write something everyday. Notice I didn't say you have to write something specific (like that novel or screenplay or poem you're working on), and that you write something.
Finally, in order to improve there will always be a need to go back to the basics and review, re-learn, and attempt to find new ways to interpret what makes effective writing what it is. For me, this has included a history of the English language, dips into Latin (language) and Greek (language) and constantly going back to textbooks and material on writing and grammar.
My goal isn't to be the most successful author or writer or teacher. Instead, it's to be the best writer I can be with no expectation for anything more. If I can help others in the process, all the better. However, at the end of my day, so long as I've done what I can, I will always sleep well and be happy with where I'm at. Because, regardless of anything else, I *want to be happy with where I am and what I'm doing.
In order to write well and often, you need something to write with and something to write on. For some people, this may be a computer (keyboard, some kind of text editor or word processor), a typewriter, or a pen or pencil and a notebook or paper of some kind.


A Retardo and the Iron Golem walkthrough complete with locations of all mushrooms properly highlighted for your mushroom finding pleasure. With this guide, you should be able to complete the game quickly in order to rank high in the high scores.
In each scene, click on the numbers in the sequence as shown accordingly.
With a total of 55 Mushrooms and 100 score per Mushroom collected, an additional 5500 score can be added to your final score if you acquired them all.
1. Scatter the spears on the spears rack.
3. Crush the guard on the left with the pile of rocks.
1. Remove all 12 screws marked "x" on the bridge.
2. Shove the spike balls onto the floor.
3. Ring the bell again when the guard is at the top of the bell tower.
1. Put out the lantern, the guard will go and light it back.
2. Open the door of the meat grinder before the guard gets back into position.
3. Close the door of the meat grinder when the guard is back in position.
4. Start the meat grinder.
3. Flip the level to send Retardo down the tracks.
You must act quickly or else Retardo might be separated into 2 halves.
You must act quickly in this scene as well.
1. Pick up the level.
2. Attach the level to its base.
3. Pick up the gear cog.
4. Connect the gear back into the machine.
5. Activate the level to start the machine.
6. Bring down the elevator to crush the guard.
7. Shove the pile of rocks away.
8. Raise the ladder into position.
9. Climb up the ladder.
10. Bring up the elevator when Retardo is standing on the elevator platform.
1. Pick up the bucket.
2. Fill the bucket with water from the tap.
3. Put out the torch with the bucket of water.
4. Knock the cup off the table.
5. Activate the level to lower the door.
6. Pick up the bucket again.
7. Again, fill the bucket with water from the tap.
8. Splash the bucket of water onto the guard to wake him up.
9. Activate the wheel to raise the door once the guard is impaled onto the door spikes.
10. Enter the next room.
1. Pick up a cannon ball.
2. Dip the cannon ball into the barrel of tar.
3. Activate the wheel to lower the firing arm of the catapult.
4. Place the sticky cannon ball onto the firing pad of the catapult.
6. Activate the wheel when the guard is on top of the firing pad, inspecting the cannon ball.
1. Pull up the rope and set it into position.
2. Remove the stopper of the cart.
3. Pick up the loose spike.
4. Connect the rope, loose spike and cart together.
Retardo and the Iron Golem – Game Over!
If you are lazy to play through the game and want to watch the ending straight away, go visit the author's home page and use the password moronia to access the various goodies for players who have completed this cute point and click adventure flash game.
Christmas is coming soon! Are you an anime lover? Check out this cute Anime Star Christmas wallpaper, courtesy of levian.
The author already made a walkthrough, but the locations of the mushrooms were not highlighted. This walkthrough is based upon the author's walkthrough, except the locations of all the mushrooms were properly highlighted for the ease of mushroom finding.
How come the Iron Golem has red blood? Or is that some sort of mechanical fluid?
I suspect that the GA thinks that all blood must be red!
since only the blood lovers pay attention.
Very nice quest!It have blood, kills, and the end, with the princes….is GREAT!:D:D:D:D:D!Very nice and easy game(with cheats),I like it, and I will hope to have second part!
I'm searching girlfriend, on 12 or 13!E-mail love!


Welcome to Moura, heart of the Dawson Valley, two hours south-west of Rockhampton. The information centre and museum is the custodian of the district's history, both industrial and pioneering. Specially themed rooms have been set-up inside the museum filled with photographs and other memorabilia. A feature of the museum is a collection of Japanese collectables which were gifts from the Mitsui Mining Company.
Phone: 07 4992 9500 for further information.
It is no secret that coal mining has played a major role in the town's development and this can be easily witnessed on the drive into town from either the south or east.
From the highway some of the massive dump trucks can be seen crawling up the towering piles of earth, but to gain a closer perspective of the multi-million dollar industry, including a view of a monster dragline, a special viewing platform has been established on Gibihi Road.
The three tragic mining disasters are part of the coal mining history. A bronze statue of a miner stands guard over the Dawson Highway at the western end of town; the town's high class entertainment complex, Kianga Memorial Hall, is named in memory of those miners who never came home, as is the town's world class Memorial Olympic-sized swimming pool.
In addition to coal mining, the Queensland Nitrate Plant, coal seam gas, cotton gin and Grain Corp provide additional opportunities for employment.
Located 4km east of Moura is the 150th Meridian marker. Two large rocks with drill holes in them (the by-product of blasting to reach coal deposits at the mine) are situated on the site.
By lining up the two holes and looking through them your eyes are aligned with the 150th meridian from which EST is measured. While in town visitors are more than welcome to utilise the bowls and tennis clubs. Afterwards enjoy a drink or a meal or take a stroll along the many walking paths. The town is blessed with several parks including the recently redeveloped Lions Park located on the Dawson Highway. It is pretty hard to miss; just keep an eye out for the rocket and new playground equipment. The Moura Recreation Reserve is beautifully maintained and is home to local rugby union, league and soccer teams.
The Reserve also plays host to the annual Coal and Country Festival in August. Features of the festival include the unique Queensland Coal Shovelling and Roof Bolting Championships and a Pro Rodeo.
On your way out to the river stop by the sale yards and witness a real country cattle auction, held each fortnight. But be careful who you wave to, or you might end up with a few head of Brahmans.
While there is a diverse range of things to see and do around Moura the highlight has to be the mighty Dawson River.Stay awhile at the well kept camping area, spend time fishing or boating or just enjoy the peace and quiet with the local birds and wildlife.
The annual Muddy Water Fishing Classic is held in April. Across the road from the camping area is the well kept golf course where visitors are more than welcome.
Dump Point – Moura-Bindaree Road Lat. 24.56477 Long. 149.97411.


text:
AAS Job Register
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DAWN fellowship at the Cosmic Dawn Center (post-doc or assistant professor level)
Post-doctoral Positions and Fellowships
Institution Classification/Type:
Large Academic
Institution/Company:
Job Announcement Text:
The Cosmic Dawn Centre (DAWN) invites applications for the DAWN Fellowships. The fellowships are intended for outstanding early career scientists whose research falls within DAWN's research themes: high-redshift galaxy evolution, epoch of re-ionization, first stars and galaxies, dust and ISM in the early universe and dark matter. DAWN Fellows are expected to pursue their own independent, cutting edge research programs, either in theory or observations.
DAWN is a new center of excellence funded by the Danish National Research Foundation, and is located at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen and at the Space division of the Danish Technical University (DTU-Space). In addition the center has a number of associate members at major research institutes across Europe, North America, and Australia. The center brings together experts in all aspects of early Universe galaxy evolution and is deeply involved in major existing and upcoming surveys with HST, ALMA, Euclid and JWST, as well as cosmological and zoom in simulations. For more information on the Center's activities and researchers, please see http://dawn.nbi.ku.dk/.
Dawn Fellowships are for three years. The employment is scheduled to start in the fall of 2018 or upon agreement with the chosen candidate.
Applications received by 4 December 2017 will receive full consideration. Short-listed candidates will be contacted for interview in early January.
Applicants may also be considered for other postdoctoral positions at the Cosmic Dawn Center.
Applications consist of a CV, a list of publications, and a brief research statement that describes research interests, future plans and relevant technical experience. The research statement should not exceed 3 pages (text, figures and references included) with a font size no smaller than 11pt Times New Roman (or equivalent).
Fellows who wish to be appointed as Assistant Professor would be expected to formally contribute to the teaching at the Institute. Candidates should include in the application: evidence of teaching experience and indicate interest in contributing to teaching and supervision in the astrophysics bachelor and/or master's programs at the University of Copenhagen.
Applications are submitted electronically, via the University of Copenhagen's central employment pages. Follow the directions for applying carefully. You will find a link to the application here: http://employment.ku.dk/faculty/?show=146073
Applicants should also arrange to have three letters of reference sent to [email protected] by the deadline.
DAWN Fellows receive support for computing, travel and publication expenses and are expected to collaborate with the international institutes associated with DAWN.
The starting salary is currently up to DKK 413,717 including annual supplement (+ pension up to DKK 68,750). Negotiation for salary supplement is possible.
Most non-Danish citizens are eligible for a favorable tax scheme. Copenhagen is a beautiful, family-friendly city with a large international community, a lively and diverse cultural scene, and a very high quality of life. More on employment conditions and living in Copenhagen: http://ism.ku.dk.
Included Benefits:
Six weeks paid vacation and generous social benefits, including: pension, full health cover (also for family), paid sick leave, access to paid parental leave, etc. More on employment conditions: http://ism.ku.dk/
Cosmic Dawn Center
Niels Bohr Institute
Selection Deadline:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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security.pattern.image.strokeStyle.cross

Setting strokeStyle to a pattern of a different-origin image makes the canvas origin-unclean

Actual output:

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FAIL (fallback content)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


While working as an inspector at the RTA, I was out and about doing my job. This one particular day, I remembered that one of our bus drivers, a guy named Victor, had recently lost his father, a well loved Pastor in the area.
I have always avoided wakes and funerals ever since my father passed away when I was only fourteen. They are difficult for me and bring back a flood of memories from my childhood.
As I exited the inspector car in the parking area, I could hear beautiful music filtering outside to the city streets! What I saw next was absolutely magnetic! Opening the sanctuary door I entered to a jam packed interior of believers who were standing, clapping, singing, and rejoicing, like no other funeral service I had ever attended. The sounds pulled me in to rejoice with all of them!
As I stood in the very back of the building, I became overwhelmed with the Holy Spirit like never before! It was incredible! I never wanted to leave! I just wanted to stay there forever in that peaceful place, never to return to the city streets again!
I was happy, joyous, and content. The music filled my soul, my mind, and my heart, and yet I didn't even know this well respected man. My friend and coworker Victor finally spotted me hiding in the nave of the church and came to thank me for stopping by.
Victor gently smiled at me, as my radio woke me up to reality. I hugged him good bye and sadly said, "I have to go back to work! " Then slowly, ever so slowly, I left heaven and returned to earth!
The entire rest of my shift all I wanted to do was run back to that precious service of rejoicing! I will never forget that time in my life when, for a unique few minutes, I stepped out of the hell of the city streets and into a heavenly church funeral!
In my early 30's I began to wonder if there was more to God than I knew about. And so my search started! My best friend was also searching. Both of us were unsettled in our worlds and wondering what was missing in our lives.
One day, over a cup of tea at her home, we were asking each other many questions about religion and God. While chatting, there was a knock on her front door and it was the new young pastor from the church in our little town of East Brookfield, Massachusetts.
Pastor John was invited in and we proceeded to bombard that poor man with questions! He politely answered all of them, and then invited us to a women's bible study on Thursday mornings.
After attending that class for a couple of months and studying the bible, as I sat at the weekly study, one very bold lady looked me squarely in the face and said, "Have you invited Jesus into your heart yet?" I hesitated and shook my head no!
"Well, what are you waiting for?" she blurted out.
I didn't know it then, but several ladies were offended at her bluntness towards me. Actually, what she said was exactly what I needed to hear! All the way home I thought about her comment and questioned myself, "What am I waiting for?" That very night, while I was washing my supper dishes and staring out the window, I invited Jesus Christ into my heart, and my life has never been the same since.
A few days later the pastor stopped by to visit me and apologize for the bluntness of my study partner.
Obviously he was elated! Shortly after that evening I started writing these journal stories about how Jesus has changed my life, and now as I turn 74 years old this month, I am still writing my life's stories.
I'm not sure why the Lord wanted me to reblog my testimony today, but after several years of blogging, I am still trying to be obedient to what I feel Him impressing on my mind! This is His blog site, not mine! I know He blesses obedience.
PS My friend got saved as well!


Full post production on 1 x 90 minute feature documentary for Channel 4.
A Year of British Murder is a powerful documentary that uncovers peoples lives altered forever by murder. It explores the effects that murder has on modern Britain.
Sonny Sheridan graded the series using Digital Visions Nucoda, whilst Tam Osman completed the online using Avid Symphony.
Nick Fry mixed the audio using ProTools 12.
Post produced by Milena Cave.


text:
import { LatticeFactory as LF } from 'graphql-lattice'

export const docs = {
  Car: {
    [LF.TYPE]: docTag`
      A sample GraphQL type denoting a, typically, 4 wheeled vehicle
    `,
    name: `The name of the car`,
    wheels: `The total number of wheels connected to the drivetrain`
  },

  Query: {
    findQuad: `Finds the nearest four wheeled vehicle`
  }
}

export default docs


Please contact me about booking your programs for my school.
I know you won't share my personal information outside of Einstein Alive!
Please let me know when you're coming to my geographic area.
Please fill in the blanks, as appropriate.
Thanks for your interest. We'll be in touch with you very soon.


All Veterans of Jones County, Iowa. Receive a free dental check up and Bitewing X-rays on Veterans Day! Call 319-465-4666.
Free Check-ups for Veterans. One day only! Veterans Day, Monday November 12. Call us today to set up an appointment for Monday. *must bring your discharge papers.
Welcome to the Blog of Wolken Dental!
Whether you are an existing patient or searching for a dentist in the Monticello, IA area, we're excited you are here. With the dental industry advancing, we recognize the importance of keeping our patients and visitors up to date with all of the new and exciting things taking place in our practice.
As we move forward with our blog, we hope to promote dental awareness as a vital part of your healthy lifestyle. Here you will find a variety of articles and topics including dental news, advancements in dental technology and treatment, practical dental health advice and updates from Dr. Meleah Luensman and her staff.


text:
Our PhilosophyCoursesPodcast
Human Achievement and Human Development
Written by Dr. Matt Bateman on July 16, 2021
It is well-known that Maria Montessori views child development as a self-directed process. When children learn, whether it's to grasp or to walk, to count or to write, to classify plants or to empathize with others, it is done by the child's activity. Educators and caretakers can and ought to help children learn and grow in a variety of ways, by providing content, structure, opportunities, encouragement, and more. But, fundamentally, those are all inputs for the internally driven, self-activated processes of learning and growing up.
But Montessori's view goes deeper than that. Her view is that human development is in significant part an act of creation. The human child is similar not just to a budding plant or infant mammal—who also grow and learn according to internally driven processes—but to a novelist or an inventor. The child, in growing up, learning, and creating herself, is achieving something, is creating something new: she is gradually creating her adult self.
In Montessori's view, there is continuity between progress of civilization and the development of each individual child. The invention of the printing press, the idea goes, is fundamentally similar to learning how to walk.
Moreover, appreciating these achievements is itself an achievement. Whether we're talking about an adult invention or a child's hard-earned milestone, there is a risk of interpretation: that of taking achievement for granted. We can come to see the products of human creativity as things that are just sort of there, as part of the furniture of the universe. We can even become cynical about them; we can see them as flowing from ill motives or causing more harm than good.
Montessori is worried that we'll take fail to appreciate the inventions, achievements, and creations of civilization—and also that we'll take for granted a child's process of growing up. She sees these mistakes as connected and is concerned to ensure that educators do not make either of them.
Here I'll explore both halves of this idea in turn as well the whole view that emerges from them.
The Achievement of Civilization
In the first of her 1946 London Lectures, Maria Montessori makes the connection between the creative adult and the child explicit. She writes that our "interest must centre on the achievements of the child" (p. 5), and then immediately offers an exhortation to consider humanity—not children in particular, but mankind as a whole—from a certain perspective. Quoting her at length:
We have only to look at civilization to realize the greatness of which man is capable. But we are focused on his errors and mistakes, not on his greatness. The fault lies with us. Think how many things man has created—the wireless, to mention but one. Look around at all we have—small, great or beautiful—whatever it is, it has been created by man. But while asking for more and more of these marvellous inventions, we never think of the man that created them. We do not consider him at all. Although we try to do everything we can to enhance our comfort, we do not consider the greatness of man, we only consider his defects. We do not consider man, the creator. Therefore I say we must refocus our hearts. We must be the creations of man at the centre, and not his defects.
We have only to look at civilization to realize the greatness of which man is capable. But we are focused on his errors and mistakes, not on his greatness. The fault lies with us. Think how many things man has created—the wireless, to mention but one. Look around at all we have—small, great or beautiful—whatever it is, it has been created by man. But while asking for more and more of these marvellous inventions, we never think of the man that created them. We do not consider him at all. Although we try to do everything we can to enhance our comfort, we do not consider the greatness of man, we only consider his defects. We do not consider man, the creator. Therefore I say we must refocus our hearts. We must be the creations of man at the centre, and not his defects. We must adopt the same attitude towards the child. When we see the miracle of a child walking, we take no notice because it is a daily occurrence. And yet we correct all his small peccadilloes. How much fuller and richer life would be if we saw the child in all his greatness, all his beauty, instead of focusing on all his little mistakes? These are so great in our eyes that they lead us to despondency because we see baseness all the time. Our aim is to study the child from this new point of view. With this change in our hearts we will want to study him in all his different phases, to study all his miracles, to realize how man reaches the stage of man through the child that constructs him.
Maria Montessori, 1946 London Lectures, pp. 5-6
The reverence for the adult creator is a current that runs throughout Montessori's work. In the passage above, she references the creation of the wireless (likely a reference to radio communication), and earlier in the lecture she more generally mentions the adults "who have and will produce (through multiple centuries) all the marvelous things that have ever been created to form civilization" (p. 4).
Her discussions of education for older students, elementary and beyond, are shot through with reminders to "never teach the various scientific subjects—geography, history, etc., without relating the passionate endeavors of the men who, with their work, their dedication, their sacrifice, brought light to new truths" (SRL 2, p. 21). She writes that we should teach, by example, that "every achievement has come by the sacrifice of someone now dead" (TEHP 3), and includes in the set of achievements the infrastructure of literacy (books, writing utensils, the alphabet, etc.), explorers who created maps, and the aforementioned scientists and investors. As a pedagogical point she is worried that children will be incurious or ungrateful about the amazing creations around them, and her antidote is always the same: a proper approach to history education, one that emphasizes the twin facts that the world did not always have such things and that these things were brought about by human creators.
Montessori is unabashedly positive about human civilization, and does see it as an achievement, as something fundamentally new. She writes of the importance of "the feeling that human life is triumphant over the cosmos: humankind should feel itself king of all that has been created, transformer of the earth, builder of a new nature, collaborator in the universal work of creation" (FCTA C). That she links human creation to divine creation shows how profound she considers the human achievements to be.
What about the argument that these many supposed human achievements are in fact ills in disguise, or motivated by petty selfishness, or achieved by exploitation?
While Montessori doesn't address this sort of narrative at length, what she does say about it is quite damning. "A great obstacle what I call the cultivation of humanity," she writes, "is the prevalent opinion that men are selfish" (SRL p. 18). In the same lecture she notes the globalization and advance of the world's economy is a major instance of human solidarity (p. 16), one that creates interdependencies (pp. 13ff), solidarity, and "human progress" (p. 19). Instead of being cynical of these things, what we should be doing is morally elevating our view of these things, becoming conscious of how they are amazing, morally great achievements. She thinks this is true of helping children becoming conscious of them in this way, but also of ourselves: "If our educational task is to enhance the intellectual and affective faculties of children, we must first enhance our own" by ensuring that we see the heroism in mankind; if we do not, "our spirits will become arid, as will those of the little ones we are striving to educate for life" (p. 21).
While it is never a great idea to speak for the dead, it's worth reflecting on how her views on these things might apply today. It is easy to encounter the view that civilization is in a state of general decline or significant depravity; that there is at least some category of technological innovation that represent, at best, a double-edged sword and at worst a civilization regression; that supposed "progress" is coupled with environmental destruction, increasing materialism, the destruction of our attention spans, our communities, and our willingness to connect with one another.
While there are real concerns here, at least some of which I personally share, it's worth reflecting on the fact that Montessori's immediate processing of World War II, the horrors of which touched her personally, is not to question but to double down on the greatness of human civilization. Her first lecture in 1946 begins by reflecting on "the sad times that have just passed" (p. 1), which notably include adults who are "crueler than the monsters in films", "bloodthirsty, indulging in continuous slaughter" (p. 3). But she ends her lecture with the diagnosis quoted above, to "look at the civilization to realize the greatness of which man is capable." The problem is that "we are focused on his errors and mistakes, not on his greatness. The fault lies with us" (p. 5).
For Montessori, the fundamental is human greatness, and greatness lies in achievement, in creation. The point isn't to be a Pollyannaish optimist, or to ignore horrors. The point is we are surrounded by the evidence of mankind's capacity for progress, achievement, creation, and improvement—and that we routinely ignore it, fail to properly valorize it, paying no heed to creators and taking their creations for granted.
The Achievement of Development
This sort of failure of awareness—ignorance of the source and value of the human goods—is a double failure for educators.
In part, this is for reasons already alluded to above. If we take for granted the achievements of mankind, we then inevitably convey—by modeling—that take-it-for-granted attitude to the children in our care. We not only make our own spirits arid, but those of the next generation.
Again, the point here is not to shelter children from the real struggles and failures in human history. The point is rather to emphasize how these struggles have been gradually overcome. The older children she worked with, Montessori writes, "were particularly interested in the difficulties these men had to overcome, the prejudices they had to fight, the privations they had to suffer in order to discover the secrets of the unknown world and of the mysterious forces of nature" (SRL, p. 20).
Human achievement is always a struggle, against both nature and the worse elements of our natures—but it is possible. She was actively engaged in a curricular project that made achievement morally central, particular more morally central than moral flaws and corruption:
Beyond everything I should work to inspire a faith in the greatness of man, the greatness that has been proved by enormous progress. Make clear to them [viz. children] man's place in the world as an improver of the environment of nature, how he has always struggled on, despite being weighed down by so many moral defects. Help them to face up to and understand these moral defects that have crept into all the wonderful things that he has created. They do aspire for something fine, they have a faith in life; but each year that they live in the world they see these institutions of man to be so full of corruption that they attempt to disregard or destroy them. Instead we should help them to see how wonderful is the essence of the truth that lies beyond them, help them to understand exactly where the moral corruption lies, and then they can do their best to be free of it.
CSW, p. 104
So there is the achievement-oriented stylization of disciplinary content. But there is a deeper pedagogical point to be made: that all of human development is an achievement. "We need to change our attitude" towards humans not just to understand the great achievements of adults, but to "see the greatness of the child's achievements" (1946, p. 5).
Montessori's view is that every adult represents the result of years of work of a developing child. It is not just the case that children turn into adults, a truism, but rather than children actively create the adults they turn into. A child both teaches herself to walk and talk, and gradually comes to a view as to what this means in terms of her independence. She gradually builds her capacities, both his her and willingness to flourish and participate in human life, through her own efforts.
Each stage of human development represents work. We see children effortfully struggling to move, attentively observing and imitating human sounds, practicingbasic motions and cognitive exercises, seeking out certain experiences and interactions. It is not an exaggeration to say that Montessori's core point about these activities is that they are effortful activities of the child that are key to producing the developmental milestones in that child. It is clearly not the case that children learn to speak by anything resembling adult language instruction. But it is also not the case that children learn to speak by a passive process, simply internalizing the linguistic nutrients of their surrounds. There is an observably effortful process—one that is simultaneously the expression of and development of the individual agency of the child.
Montessori thinks that in the same way that we are liable to look at a radio while being insensitive to the discoverers of electromagnetic waves and the inventors of wireless telephony—we are also liable to look at a toddler who is walking and talking while being insensitive to the true creator of those capacities. There is a deeply important respect in which it is neither us nor nature (though both are sources of important raw materials) but the child who gave herself her own powers. This is true of motor control, language, moral character—the whole stack of human powers gained over development. These are human achievements, each with a human achiever.
In those who tend to roll their eyes at the advent of material progress, Montessori sees those who tend to turn their heads at feats of human development.
It's not an accident that, in the first 1946 lecture we've been considering, her contrasting emphasis is on the "defects" of the child. The wrong sort of attitude, one not centered on achievement, is most evidence when we are frustrated with a child—when they are misbehaving, or not understanding something, or otherwise causing trouble for us. It's precisely because we take basic, good adult behavior and capacities for granted that we are inclined to attempt to read them back into childhood.
In reality, good manners, self-regulation, and a capacity to fluently communicate and resolve conflicts are not naturally present in adults. They are achievements built gradually throughout childhood. It necessarily follows that children either won't have them in whole. The frustrating behaviors of children don't really represent defects; most fundamentally they represent the absence of a hard-won achievement, one that is likely actively being worked on by the child. It can be frustrating to deal with a human who lacks basic physical self-control, emotional self-regulation, self-awareness, and has only the most miniscule capacity to communicate. But these lacks are the default state, not the product of some sort of defect or vice in the child. The child hasn't achieved these momentous capacities yet; he is working on it and, indeed, needs our support.
That children create the adults they grow into is not just a biological point, or even a developmental one. For Montessori it means assigning the locus of control and responsibility to each child in a way that gives her real human credit for her developmental achievements, and gives each caretaker and educator the proper perspective, sympathy, and valorization of the effort that goes into the child's achievements.
Montessori's view is that in both the case of the child and the adult "we must refocus our hearts" and "put the creations of man at the centre" (1946, p. 6). And her view is that this is not an abstract point but a lived issue, one that colors our every interaction with the adult world.
For everyone, and particularly for educators, Montessori considers it important to sensitize oneself to achievement and to readily recognize it everywhere. This means a mindset that includes the following interrelated imperatives:
Habitually identifying the achievers and creators, contemporary and historical, of everyday human values
Not taking values for granted, whether material or characterological
Taking seriously that disorder, frustration, and even danger is the default state, and that systematic departures from this state are achievements
Taking seriously the chosen thought and effort that goes into every achievement
It's worth noting, as a postscript, that not everything in development represents an achievement in the sense discussed here. While a child's personality and character are fundamentally his achievement, there are aspects of his personality that are "native", or perhaps developmentally canalized with respect to his effort (e.g. temperament). And while the coupling of a child's capacity for action and his emerging conscious mind are achieved, there is an aspect of her basic neural and physical development that is given and that enables this development. Humans aren't literally created ex nihilo, and it's worth considering and separating out their achievements from the material that they have to work with. (There are further nuances worth exploring in terms of continuities of self-directedness with human and non-human growth, and differences between human child and human adult achievement.) Lastly, it's also not the case that what the adults around children do have no impact on their capacity to achieve their growth. It does, and every advance in pedagogy is also a real achievement.
For Montessori, the point is that being achievement-oriented is an integrated perspective—an achievement in and of itself—that is culturally missing in general, that applies in spades to children, and that is there is, perforce, tremendous value in being a special area of internal focus for educators.
Montessori's reverence for human beings is not an optional aside, or a peripheral motivator of her work. Loving humans—including adult humans, including material progress, including frustratingly ignorant children who are painstakingly growing themselves—is a critical part of her pedagogy.
All citations above are from Montessori:
1946: The 1946 London Lectures
CSW: Child, Society, and the World
FCTA: From Childhood to Adolescence
SRL: The San Remo Lectures
TEHP: To Educate the Human Potential
Dr. Matt Bateman
Dr. Matt Bateman earned his Ph.D. in Philosophy in 2012 from the University of Pennsylvania. He taught and continued his research at Franklin and Marshall College in the Department of Psychology, on topics ranging from neuroscience to evolutionary theory to philosophy, before joining the LePort Schools as Director of Curriculum and Pedagogy in 2014.
In 2016, Dr. Matt Bateman became a founding member of Higher Ground Education. He is now Vice President of Pedagogy for Higher Ground and the Executive Director of Montessorium.
We Need a New Philosophy of Progress
We live in an age that has lost its optimism. Polls show that people think the world is getting worse, not better. Children fear dying from environmental catastrophe before they reach old age. Technologists are as likely to be told that they are ruining society as that they are bettering it.
But it was not always so.
Progress Studies and Montessori: Jason Crawford and Matt Bateman
Dr. Matt Bateman joins Jason Crawford, creator of Progress Studies for Young Scholars, on The Torch of Progress to discuss Montessori education and its relation to the emerging field of Progress Studies.
Connectedness Through Material Progress
From clothing to food, from automobiles to the roof over our heads; the parts that cover our essential needs have been produced by people all over the globe, often not speaking our language, not accustomed to our particular culture. Yet, we are tied together in a growing net of interconnectedness.
Montessorium represents the philosophy of Higher Ground Education. It is a school of thought in Montessori education, emphasizing the development of the fully lived human life and its underpinnings: knowledge, work, agency, and mutualism.
Contact us at [email protected].
The History of Education
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The Pedagogy of Progress
Montessori in the Digital Age
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One of the most important factors that must be understood on the management of coastal area is the distribution of benthic habitat. Benthic habitat is an economically and ecologically important natural resource in coastal area. The distribution of benthic habitat can be well-presented using map. Benthic habitat map is a powerful tool for coastal management planning such as locating protected area, prediction species occurrence, evaluation of management effect and also biodiversity assessment. One of the cost-effective methods to provide such information with fast, high repetition and accurate result is using satellite image to map those resources in combination with field observation. Remote sensing technology allows us to produce good habitat maps. The problem is thehabitats are located submerged and limit the ability of remote sensing data to map the habitat.
The aims of this study is to inverse the submerged reflectance into wet reflectance using integration of concepts on how pixels value over benthic habitat is recorded by sensor, water column attenuation, and bathymetry data. The accuracy of the integrated model will be compared with the accuracy of the existing model on each classification scheme. Last purpose is to combine the integrated model with PCA to get more detailed information on benthic habitat types. The hierarchical benthic habitat classifications were derived from ecological basis and habitat spectral separability analysis. The purpose of using hierarchical scheme is to cover all the possible existing habitat and to cover different management needs. The methods used in the study were conversion into surface reflectance, sunglint removal, water column and bathymetry generation, water depth invariant index, PCA (Principle Component Analysis) transformation and integrated model. Digital classification process was carried out using maximum likelihood with knowledge-based image segmentation.
The result shows that the integrated model could inverse the submerged reflectance into wet reflectance but produced slightly lower accuracy compared to Lyzenga or PCA on each habitat classification scheme due to discrete zoning in bathymetry data. In classifying 5, 7, and 13 habitat class, Lyzenga was the most accurate with 79.59%, 74.73% and 37.89% accuracy respectively, PCA produced 82.65%, 71.57% and 37.89% respectively, and the integrated model produced 73.46%, 69.47% and 37.89% accuracy respectively. The combination of integrated model with PCA produced the most accurate result on the detailed classification scheme with average accuracy of 61.56% and overall accuracy 50%. The integrated model competes well with other methods on each classification scheme, especially on detailed classification scheme.
classification scheme, water column, integrated model.
Mangroves are one of the most important objects of wetland ecosystems, which are threatened by both anthropogenic and natural disturbances. It is necessary to monitor and assess these environments to assist conservation and restoration efforts. Remote sensing methods are required to effectively and accurately mapping and monitoring mangroves due to their location and extent. The advance in remote sensing technology, especially the hyperspectral sensor, has significantly improved its ability to differentiate earth surface objects into higher detail, including mangrove species. This study aims to investigate the ability of high-resolution hyperspectral data, CASI-2, for mangrove species mapping using a pixel-based approach and object-based approach, and examine the different results between them.
The study area is located at the mouth of the Brisbane River area, southeast Queensland, Australia. The primary dataset used in this study was CASI-2 hyperspectral dataset with 4 m spatial resolution and 30 optimised bands for vegetation studies. A comparison of three classification methods with different analysis domains has been performed, which were spectral angle mapper (per-pixel), linear spectral unmixing (sub-pixel), and a combination of rule-based and nearest neighbour classification (object-based). The existing mangrove map from Queensland Herbarium/EPA has been used as guidance for the selection of targeted mapping objects and as reference for evaluating resulting maps. In conjunction with the pixel purity index (PPI) map, nine endmembers have been collected as the targeted classification for pixel-based approaches, namely closed Avicennia, closed Ceriops, closed Rhizophora, open Avicennia, shallow saltmarsh, medium saltmarsh, deep saltmarsh, vegetated saltmarsh, and water body. A combination rule-based and sampling method was incorporated to identify these classes in the object-based approach.
The spectral angle mapper (SAM) compared the angle between the endmembers' vector and each pixel vector in n-dimensional space. The pixel with the smallest angle with the certain endmember was assigned to the corresponding class. The resulting map showed solid class boundaries with only few unclassified pixels with overall accuracy of 69% (Kappa 0.57). Linear spectral unmixing (LSU) accounted for the abundance values of each endmember for every pixel. The results were images describing the endmembers fraction abundance on each pixel. The final classification map showed a patchy pattern of classes and there were many unclassified objects with overall accuracy of 56% (Kappa 0.41). Object-based (OB) approach analysed the image in object space rather than in pixel space, which consists of sequences of segmentation and classification procedures (together form the rule sets). The resulting map has very solid polygons of classes with overall accuracy of 76% (Kappa 0.67).
Post-classification comparison (PCC) has been employed to quantify the degree of class agreement between reference map and resulting maps with five classes, and among resulting maps with nine classes. In comparison to the reference, SAM has the highest degree of class agreement, followed by OB and LSU. The agreement percentages were 60.4%, 57.3%, and 41.2%, respectively. Among resulting maps, SAM-LSU has 47.3%, SAM-OB has 57.7%, and LSU-OB has 42.7% of classes match. The mismatches were mostly found within closed Avicennia and saltmarsh classes, this was due to the highly mixed pixel in these classes. Other factors influencing the low results were the division of saltmarsh into finer detail (for among resulting maps comparison) and the coarse resolution of reference map. This study indicated that SAM, which fully regarded the endmembers and worked on a pixel basis, was the best classifier to map the distribution of mangrove species. However, object-based approach was also proven to be very effective in delineating mangrove species patches.
Penelitian ini didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa dengan heterogenitas dan kompleksitas kenampakan permukaan bumi, khususnya objek tutupan lahan, diperlukan algoritma klasifikasi parametrik yang lebih fleksibel terhadap pola spektral tutupan lahan. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan kajian optimalisasi klasifikasi digital tutupan lahan dari citra penginderaan jauh dengan cara 1) memodifikasi dan mengimplementasikan algoritma Bayesian Model Averaging Classifier (BMAC) dengan berbagai model distribusi data untuk klasifikasi multispektral tutupan lahan dari citra penginderaan jauh; 2) menguji akurasi hasil klasifikasi modifikasi algoritma BMAC dengan berbagai kombinasi model distribusi data kemudian membandingkannya dengan akurasi hasil klasifikasi algoritma Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Classifier (GMLC); dan 3) menguji efisiensi waktu eksekusi algoritma BMAC dengan berbagai kombinasi model distribusi data.
Algoritma BMAC diimplementasikan menggunakan Interactive Data Language (IDL) agar menjadi sebuah perangkat terintegrasi dengan perangkat lunak pengolah citra digital. Lebih dari 500 baris kode program ditulis untuk mentransformasi algoritma BMAC menjadi sebuah perangkat lunak antarmuka grafis interaktif. Beberapa model dan parameter statistik tertentu yang digunakan dalam BMAC mengalami simplifikasi dan modifikasi sebelum proses implementasi, untuk tujuan efisiensi kode dan waktu eksekusi program. Hasil implementasi algoritma BMAC diujicoba pada Citra Landsat ETM+ multispektral, dengan 15 kelas tutupan lahan. Akurasi hasil klasifikasi BMAC kemudian dibandingkan dengan akurasi GMLC menggunakan metode Confusion Matrix. Selanjutnya efisiensi waktu eksekusi algoritma juga diuji dengan menggunakan satuan waktu eksekusi relatif terhadap waktu eksekusi GMLC.
Hasil klasifikasi menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan akurasi GMLC lebih akurat dari BMAC. Dengan demikian, hipotesis bahwa akurasi keseluruhan hasil klasifikasi digital tutupan lahan akan meningkat dengan kombinasi model distribusi pada algoritma BMAC, ternyata tidak terbukti berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini. Akan tetapi, hasil klasifikasi juga menunjukkan terdapat beberapa kelas tutupan lahan yang memiliki Producer's Accuracy atau User's Accuracy yang lebih tinggi pada BMAC. Kenyataan ini merupakan sebuah indikasi bahwa tidak semua kelas memiliki nilai spektral terdistribusi normal, sehingga asumsi GMLC tidak selamanya benar. Terkait uji efisiensi, eksekusi algoritma BMAC berjalan jauh lebih lambat dibanding GMLC. Karena bentuk persamaan BMAC yang lebih kompleks dari pada GMLC, selain itu juga terdapat beberapa algoritma ekstensi dalam BMAC seperti Bayesian Information Criterion, dan berbagai aktifitas teknis seperti kalibrasi nilai diskriminan. Hasil uji akurasi dan uji efisiensi algoritma menunjukkan bahwa, GMLC merupakan algoritma yang paling optimal untuk klasifikasi digital tutupan lahan. Dengan demikian, tujuan optimalisasi klasifikasi digital tutupan lahan menggunakan algoritma BMAC, secara umum tidak tercapai dalam penelitian ini. Akan tetapi, dengan ditemukannya beberapa kelas yang memiliki akurasi individu lebih tinggi pada model-model non-Gaussian, menunjukkan bahwa BMAC optimal untuk kelas-kelas tertentu.
As viewed from remote sensing perspective, urban region is a veru heterogeneous area, which gives reflectance from various land cover types and materials. The limitation of the spatial resolution from moderate resolution sensors like Landsat is that it requires analyses at sub-pixel level. Mixed pixel in remote sensing data is one of the sources of error in accuracy assessment in conventional classification. This research tried to apply Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis (LSMA) method to detect land cover change (vegetation, impervious surface, bare soil and water) at sub-pixel level in Banjarbaru City based on Landsat multitemporal data.
LSMA is an approach incorporating analysis of sub-pixel, which can give information on the fraction in each pixel, so that it offers a potential solution for pixel-based classification problems. In this study, a Maximum Likelihood Classifier was applied as a comparsion for the LSMA. Accuracy assessment of this method was based on the higher spatial resolution of IKONOS image. Several processing stages were applied in this research to increase the accuracy, i.e. Atmospheric Correction, Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) and Pixel Purity Index (PPI). Change Detection was done with multitemporal image differencing method.
The percentage of each land cover component in each pixel was performed by the fraction images, which derived from the LSMA method. By this model, with the error average is 0.017 for 1992 image and 0.016 for 2003 image, which indicate that each endmember of land cover has been associated well with small deviation standard. The accuracy assessment of abundance for each endmember by using IKONOS image showed a value of 95%, which indicates that LSMA provides a high accuracy result to detect the endmember of land cover at sub-pixel level.
Change detection result showed that the vegetation land cover in the study area increased by 2.84% for the entire study area, bare soil increased by 30.42%, and water body increased by 20.2%, while the impervious surface decreased by 35,31%. The change detection result found that the LSMA can show the change within each pixel or in every area at size of 30x30 m, which is presented in terms of increase and decrease of endmember fractions. This information was found very useful to compensate the lack of such ability performed by the Maximum Likelihood algorithm.


What is the first feeling you have when you see your name in the holy PDF of UPSC?
Now that we have so many members here , selected. Can you share with us, what was the first feeling, emotion or reaction you had when you saw your name in the holy PDF?
We can begin with @doodlebean Ma'am and this years Pub Ad Heroes - @Yo_Yo_Choti_Singh @IWRA and @Haze ?
Location: Barmer, somewhere in Thar desert.
I was in the daily evening meeting with my bosses where we plan, do and review ( They call it PDR meeting) the various jobs. We were in the cabin of our big boss. He was taking updates, asking questions, cross-questions. I was ofcourse checking the mobile and live updates from Dholpur house( Thanks to that telegram group). I was least interested in the meeting.
In the five minutes of the meeting, the PDF was uploaded. I downloaded the PDF and for a moment my heart skipped several beats. This was it. In next few minutes my fate was to be decided. By this time, I have totally forgotten what my bosses and colleagues were discussing. I went through the first page and could not find my name. I sensed the similar deja-vu like last year. I was sad. I went to the 2nd page and there it was ..I did not have to scroll more. I couldn't believe that I was there. I checked again, matched my roll no... That's it...that was me( Rank 54).I had made it. I was stunned for few seconds, looked at my bosses, my colleagues and still not able to make what they were discussing.
Now I was in dilemma, how do I get out of this room without telling them, and without disturbing the meeting. And my excitement was too high to keep me there in the room. So, I had to intervene...I said.." Sorry sir to intervene, but I have to go. I have qualified civil services exam with all India rank 54. I need to go downstairs and talk to my parents"...I could sense their astonishment. The meeting came to a halt and they were shocked ( they were hearing this for the first time, I have kept my UPSC journey a secret for 6 years there).
I went downstairs, and call my mother first.." Maa, Mai collector ban Gaya" ! I could sense the happiness and proud in her voice.
@IWRA Congratulations sir!! Apke boss and colleague abhi tak ashcharya se bahar nahi aye honge !!
Year 2015 for the first time UPSC announced in advance date and timing of result. So needless to mention I wasn't able to sleep a night before (Failed in 2014 after reaching interview stage, those memories kept haunting ) . We were on Forum all night. Forum is a big saviour this way.Poori raat bakar chal raha tha.
Got strict instructions from Dad that I'm not the one who's going to check my result . He knew once I start crying nobody on earth can stop it.
1 pm result was supposed to be declared and quarter to 1 I was sitting in front of TV—-numb— like I'm not able to hear or sense anything. Phone by my side but screen was little hazy, I was atleast sensing water in my eyes. At 1:01 pm phone screen lit up. My heart definitely skipped 10 beats in a row. Screen displayed- ' मुबारक हो अफ़सर साहिबा ' — from a fellow forum friend who helped me a lot in UPSC preparation.
Ofcourse this is what I aimed at . Me after Him.
@doodlebean parents ki khushi dekhne layak hoti hai.. that is the best moment in any child's life! Congratulation ma'am!
UPSC is an emotion !!
@doodlebean It is. The things we do for UPSC !
@root will write soon sir g.
@IWRA @doodlebean inspiring and touching write ups.
@IWRA @doodlebean got goosebumps while reading your writeups.
@IWRA Maa mai collector ban gya. Dying to use these words.
@Hakunah_Matata you will! have faith.
Congratulations to you all for having brought a smile on your Parents, friends and well-wishers face. The journey worth travelling.
@IWRA Had goosebumps when I read "Maa mai collector ban gya", kitna acha laga hoga maa ko, unki khushi ka koi thikana nahi hoga!
Just because 'unki khushi is your khushi' you'll achieve wonders one day.
@doodlebean reading these i imagined myself in that situation....i wonder how my experience will be...people like you really help to keep our hopes and motivation high...thank you for sharing your happiest moment of your life...it really helped.
Hoping for the best in my coming 1st attempt.
Hey Itachi ... are you the same @Itachi ?


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20/20 Movie Reviews Home
Reviews: A-Z
2 G's & a Key (2000)
"Some Gangstas Never Learn"
Director: Paul Wynne
Cast: Conroe Brooks, Alan Smithee, Kiki Watson
Synopsis: After doing three years in prison, an ex-con tries to settle an old debt with a drug dealer, but discovers the dealer wants him dead instead.
2 G's and a Key takes the viewer into the now familiar 'hood of the US 'homey', a world crammed with casual sex, casual violence, and casual drug-taking. It's a sub-genre of the crime film that seems to have fascinated us since the blaxploitation flicks of the 1970s, and which shows no signs of losing popularity. It's a portal into that violent world in which we love to abide — as long as we know none of the bullets can cause us harm, and none of the punches bruise us. Perhaps, second only to porn, this kind of flick is the most voyeuristic of movie genres — unlike sci-fi, it depicts a believable world, populated by mavericks who do the things many of us would like to do but from which we restrain due to the potential consequences.
Conroe Brooks plays Curtis, fresh out of prison after serving a three-year sentence, and keen to make some cash to pay off a drug dealer to whom he owes money. He's met outside the prison gates by Warren (the pseudonymous Alan Smithee) who fixes him up with a job delivering drugs for Andre (Charles D. Allen). Three years in the pen is a long time for a homey to be without a woman though, and instead of delivering his first consignment, Curtis engages in a spot of rumpy with his ex-girlfriend, Letisha (Kiki Watson), and samples a little of the package he's supposed to be delivering…
Director Paul Wynne clearly has talent, and it's equally clear that his talent is hampered by a non-existent budget and a certain lack of constraint; he needs a guiding hand to tell him when he's over-indulging in the use of unusual camera angles, and to perhaps sharpen his editing technique. Paradoxically, the low budget partly works in the movie's favour in that it lends 2 G's and a Key a rawness that suits the slum locations in which the story unfolds. To a large extent, these minor quibbles, while noticeable — and occasionally irritating — rarely fail to spoil the viewer's enjoyment of the movie. Sadly, the same can't be said for the quality of some of the acting (much of which seems to be improvised), and the distinctly amateurish feel of the action sequences — particularly the shootout at Andre's place. Only former football star Aaron D. Spears stands out, as the vengeful dealer Sad Dogg.
Although the film itself is quite likable (and watchable) there are no likable characters (apart from Warren, a hapless foil whose function is obvious from the outset) — which is perhaps as it should be considering the story being told. The problem is, their low characters prevent us from getting involved in their tale. We don't like them, so we don't really care what happens to them. Curtis is marked out as a loser from the start, with no morals or loyalties (other than to himself) and, while he does undergo a transformation as the story unfolds, he doesn't particularly redeem himself in the eyes of the audience: the Curtis at the end of this movie may have picked up a twisted (and inconsistent) kind of morality, but he's still a low-life criminal unworthy of any admiration.
There's no law that states there has to be any kind of moral message attached to a movie, but there are few movies that choose to ignore the inherent need of the viewer to receive such a message — however subliminal it might be. 2 G's and a Key shuns any kind of message (unless, as the final scene in which a couple of Curtis and Warren clones are in a Jag on their way to Pomona echoes an earlier one, it's the bleak message that while everything changes, the world remains the same) — and it leaves us feeling curiously dissatisfied because of it. Only by watching the film as mindless entertainment can you avoid this dissatisfaction, but by doing so you risk overlooking much of the good work that Wynne has put into this effort.
(Reviewed 24th September 2005)
2 G's and a Key Trailer
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© 2014-2017: Richard Cross


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Top 8 Weirdest Laws In the United States
Every country has its fair share of weird laws, but with all its different states, America might be at the top of the country with the weirdest laws around the globe. The United States has 50 states, and each of them has its fair share of strange and deranged laws but reading about them is fun. So, without further ado, let's dive into this blog and learn some of the weirdest laws in North America.
1. Alaska: it is illegal to wake up a sleeping bear to take a picture
It is forbidden (under penalty of fine) to wake up a sleeping bear to take a picture in Alaska. Even if this law seems logical, the 49th state of the United States does not count anymore the number of fatal accidents linked to some imprudent tourists who let themselves be tempted by a souvenir photo with this animal as emblematic as dangerous.
2. Idaho: it is prohibited to offer a box of chocolate weighing more than 22 kg
This law will not make chocolate lovers happy. According to a law passed in Idaho, it is forbidden to offer a box of more than 22 kilograms of chocolate (50 pounds) to your beloved. But is it really possible to eat that much chocolate without getting sick? So yeah, there are a couple of weird laws in the United states. Like come on, this one is just ridiculous!
3. Arizona: it is illegal to make donkeys sleep in bathtubs
This law, which dates back to 1924, is still in effect in Arizona. During a storm, the village of Kingman was the scene of an original incident: a donkey was stuck in a bathtub for several hours after being swept away by the river. Its owner had taken the habit of letting his animal sleep in an old bathtub. The donkey was saved from drowning, but the State of Arizona decided to prevent this kind of situation in the future.
4. Arizona: it is prohibited to hunt camels
If the law still exists in Arizona, it won't be easy to find a camel. However, they did exist. In 1855, the United States Army imported several herds from the Middle East to transport goods between Arizona and Texas. The Americans quickly adopted this robust animal capable of walking long hours in an arid climate. Unfortunately, the Civil War broke out, and the army abandoned the animals, which became the targets of hunters. A law was passed to make hunting them illegal.
5. Tennessee: it is illegal to share your Netflix password
Presented as the television of the future, Netflix was already well known to Americans when in 2011, Tennessee passed a law to ban password sharing. Tennessee residents who venture to watch Netflix with their neighbor's password face a $2,500 fine and a year in jail.
6. Arkansas: it is prohibited not to pronounce "Arkansas" correctly
Woe betides anyone who doesn't know how to pronounce "Arkansas." According to a law passed in 2010, mispronunciation harms the state's reputation, and the State Historical Society and the Eclectic Society of Little Rock had to agree on the official pronunciation. Thus, "Arkansas" should be pronounced in three syllables with the silent "s" and the second "a" should be pronounced as an "ai".
7. Alabama: it is illegal to wear a fake mustache that could cause laughter in a church
In Alabama, religion is a serious matter. Thus, it is strictly forbidden to wear a fake mustache during mass and make people laugh in church. However, it is perfectly legal to wear a real mustache, as long as you remain serious. However, it is perfectly legal to wear a real mustache, as long as you remain serious.
8. Texas: It's prohibited to sell your eye
According to the Texas Penal Code, a person commits a crime if they intentionally sell or offer their eye or the eye of a neighbor. Fortunately, the law extends to most organs (liver, stomach, kidneys, heart, lungs, bones, or skin), except hair and blood.
Sound off in the comments section below and tell us what you want to read next and if you want to read more about the weirdest laws in United States.
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TheBiggestJesus: "Erasing Hell" author changing his tune?
I'm currently working on a 4-part critique of Erasing Hell, written by popular Christian authors/speakers Francis Chan and Preston Sprinkle. This book attempts to refute universal salvation through Jesus. Both authors teach that God will punish for all eternity those who don't believe in Jesus in this life.
Since co-authoring the very popular Erasing Hell in 2011, Preston Sprinkle has been speaking frequently and positively about annihilationism. This is the teaching that those who don't receive Jesus in this life will be resurrected, judged, then completely annihilated by God—they will no longer exist. You can hear his podcasts from 2016 here. The podcasts are played in reverse order and are numbers 186-169. Sprinkle has made it abundantly clear that he is not an annihilationist.
In addition to this, in 2017 on the podcast Pastor With No Answers (episode 84), host Joey Svendsen challenges his guests at the 21:20 mark, "Put a number to the chances that universalism is true." Sprinkle squirmingly gives his answer at the 26:30 mark. He says he is a "hopeful universalist." His number: "33.3333%" that universalism is true. He has more positive things to say in the podcast about the subject of universal salvation. Listen for yourself.
I'm also currently preparing for a discussion/debate with annihilationist Chris Date on the Pastor With No Answers podcast in mid September. Chris Date is a host on the Rethinking Hell podcast.
Is he saying that he is thirty-three and a third percent confident that universalism is true?
Yes. Which is a huge step for someone who co-wrote a very popular book refuting universal salvation.
Me too Cathy! The world needs to hear how great our Savior is.
Good luck with your debate/discussion with Chris Date! I've been wanting to do that again for years. He's a good guy.
Thanks Jason. I listened your debate on Chris' podcast. I'm looking forward to it.


Since signing with Island Records last year, we've been patiently waiting, hands outstretched, for a body of work from Ray BLK. Now, two years since her Durt mini-album, the South East Londoner is ready to present her new project Empress, available to buy, stream and download now.
Throughout eight tracks, Ray BLK explores emotional but important topics such as police brutality and youth violence (see: "Run Run"), as well as empowering topics such as womanhood and embracing herself as a woman of colour in songs like the title track "Empress". But these aren't gimmicks or something to just fit the times; the songwriting and execution portray her genuine feelings towards these topics, which are scattered throughout the project.
As always, Ray BLK's vocals are a joy to behold, and over a variety of instrumentals (including a flip on a Tupac classic) truly show her living up to the potential that she showed when she became the first unsigned act to top the BBC Sound Of... list in 2017. Now we're even more excited for the album, but you can listen to this latest project below.


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Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen of the Eighteenth District of Florida Votes Against Health Care for Poor Children
How sad it is to be represented by a Republican with such a safe seat that she can vote against her community's interests.
Final Vote Results for Roll Call 906: Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen of the 18th District of Florida voted against the Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act which would have expanded the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). In other words, she voted against insuring another four million kids who lack health insurance because their parents simply don't make enough money to pay for it.
Florida has an estimated 658,000 uninsured children. This bill would have provided health insurance for about 240,000 of them (down from the larger number in the original Democratic version of the bill). But even that one-third increase was too much for Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, who toed the GOP party line that effective government programs must not be allowed to grow, for fear that people might start to believe that government can actually help them.
What a terrible, terrible vote. It's not the childrens' fault that their parents are poor. And the amount of money at stake is remarkably low in the grand scheme of things — compared to tax cuts for the richest Americans for example.
Will no one rid of this representative who votes against our interests?
[Update: cf. Who Will Run Against Ros-Lehtinen? (All Politics Is Local).]
This entry was posted in Politics: FL-18. Bookmark the permalink.
2 Responses to Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen of the Eighteenth District of Florida Votes Against Health Care for Poor Children
Priscilla Greenfield says:
How tragic and very sad, but at the same time typical, that Ms. Ros-Lehtinen,
who lives in one of the poorest cities in the country (Miami) can muster plenty of
strength to keep voting billions monthly to Iraq but can't do so to help American
children in her own city and state. While claiming to be pro-life, she has proven
is pro-war and pro-womb but won't do a thing to assist poor children to have a
better quality of life and future by giving them the basic right to health care.
So, it's back to the emergency room for these children, the most expensive health
care there is that will be paid by taxpayers. Absolutely pathetic.
Shame on her.
LACJ says:
Speak it, Ma'am! Love the high-quality shrillness!
Womb-babies got a right to live. After that, they are on their own.


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The Japanese edition of "Room Service" features a previously unreleased bonus track, "Entering Your Heart (Extended version)". The same song, but 30 seconds shorter, appeared as the b-side for "The Centre Of The Heart" single. The extended version contains lyrics missing from the single version.


Moderate inflation over the coming years? Deflation perhaps?
The price of gold begs to differ.
After breaking an all time high of $1,045 USD on Tuesday, gold has hit yet another high early Wednesday morning.
As of this moment, the spot gold price has a bid of $1,047.60, and seems to be trucking steadily towards the $1,050 mark.
Gold bulls are reveling in the fact that their favorite commodity has sailed past the $1,000 mark and is currently soaring into uncharted territory.
Despite recent reassuring comments from various Fed officials and Wall Street analysts, many investors remain worried about the prospects of high inflation in the United States.
The Federal Reserve is being forced to manufacture money out of thin air in order to purchase new debt offerings. This act is inflationary as it adds to the money supply, and gold is a hedge against inflation.
If you want to hedge against inflation, then one of the best things to purchase is gold.
How high will gold trade over the coming years? Some very smart traders, ex-hedge fund managers and market commentators believe that it could trade as high as $5000/oz.
If this happens then inflation will have its icy claws firmly clasped around the heart of the US economy. Let's hope that this doesn't happen, but it almost seems unavoidable at this point.


The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences held a reception for director and honorary Oscar® recipient Sidney Lumet in New York City at the Hotel Plaza Athenee Wednesday, February 23, 2005. Pictured here: Sidney Lumet (right) and past Oscar® winner Sean Connery. Lumet will be receiving his award at the 77th Academy Awards®, televised live February 27, 2005, by the ABC Television Network beginning at 8 p.m. PST / 5 p.m. EST with a half-hour arrivals segment.
keywords: Sean Connery and director Sidney Lumet.
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences held a reception for director and honorary Oscar® recipient Sidney Lumet in New York City at the Hotel Plaza Athenee Wednesday, February 23, 2005. Pictured here: Sidney Lumet (left) and Academy president Frank Pierson. Lumet will be receiving his award at the 77th Academy Awards®, televised live February 27, 2005, by the ABC Television Network beginning at 8 p.m. PST / 5 p.m. EST with a half-hour arrivals segment.
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences held a reception for director and honorary Oscar® recipient Sidney Lumet in New York City at the Hotel Plaza Athenee Wednesday, February 23, 2005. Pictured here: Sidney Lumet (center) with past Oscar® nominee Lynn Redgrave (right) and Amanda Plummer. Lumet will be receiving his award at the 77th Academy Awards®, televised live February 27, 2005, by the ABC Television Network beginning at 8 p.m. PST / 5 p.m. EST with a half-hour arrivals segment.
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences held a reception for director and honorary Oscar® recipient Sidney Lumet in New York City at the Hotel Plaza Athenee Wednesday, February 23, 2005. Pictured here: Sidney Lumet (center) with actors Peter Dinklage (left) and Linus Roache. Lumet will be receiving his award at the 77th Academy Awards®, televised live February 27, 2005, by the ABC Television Network beginning at 8 p.m. PST / 5 p.m. EST with a half-hour arrivals segment.
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences held a reception for director and honorary Oscar® recipient Sidney Lumet in New York City at the Hotel Plaza Athenee Wednesday, February 23, 2005. Pictured here: Sidney Lumet (left) and actress Ellen Barkin. Lumet will be receiving his award at the 77th Academy Awards®, televised live February 27, 2005, by the ABC Television Network beginning at 8 p.m. PST / 5 p.m. EST with a half-hour arrivals segment.
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences held a reception for director and honorary Oscar® recipient Sidney Lumet in New York City at the Hotel Plaza Athenee Wednesday, February 23, 2005. Pictured here: Sidney Lumet (right) and past Oscar® nominee Lauren Bacall. Lumet will be receiving his award at the 77th Academy Awards®, televised live February 27, 2005, by the ABC Television Network beginning at 8 p.m. PST / 5 p.m. EST with a half-hour arrivals segment.


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AYU's Commitment to Racial Equity
The Altitude Youth Ultimate board is appalled at the oppression by police of black and brown people that — while a long-standing issue in this country — has been most recently brought to light by the murders of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Elijah McCain and many others. We are also heartened by the world's response, rising up with words and deeds to try to put a stop to unfair policing and to promote social justice. And while we find that the actions and conversations happening within the Ultimate community are particularly important and necessary, we know that words or a moment of action are not enough. Continue reading
Summer Camps Can Open June 1
The Colorado governor has given us new safety guidelines and announced that children's day camps and youth sports camps will be able to open on June 1 "I know this has been a very different school year than many students were expecting, and thanks to the success of our social distancing efforts so far, Colorado kids will be able to enjoy day camps and youth sports camps this summer in as safe a manner as possible." Governor Jared Polis said. Register for a camp today! We expect that Denver and other cities/counties will follow the state's guidance and we feel confident that we will run MOST Camps this Summer! BUT BEWARE THAT THERE WILL LIKELY BE A 10 or 25 CAMPER MAX SO SIGN UP TODAY, SPACE WILL GO QUICK WITH THIS NEWS! Continue reading
Ultimate Social Distancing Resources
While our community is social distancing and sheltering in place to stay safe, we want to provide a space and opportunity for our community members to engage and connect with each other! Here are some resources and tips we hope will give us all a way to come closer while we're apart. Continue reading
March 16 Update: AYU and USAU Respond to COVID-19
CDC Website: COVID-19 USA Ultimate Response to COVID-19 This post will be updated frequently as this situation is quickly evolving. Please take the necessary steps personally to keep yourself and others around you healthy. March 16 Update USA Ultimate has made the decision to follow the CDC's guidance, released yesterday, to limit public gatherings for eight weeks. As a result, USA Ultimate events are being canceled or postponed through at least May 10. That includes canceling college regional championships and postponing, indefinitely, some high school state championships and the Beach Championships. AYU will be evaluating the latest updates and recommendations to make a decision on state championships. March 13 Update USA Ultimate has announced that all USAU-sanctioned events through April 20 will be postponed or canceled. This applies to clinics, leagues, practices, and tournaments – including coaching clinics. This means that all AYU events sanctioned through USAU will be postponed or canceled. On behalf of our entire board and staff, postponing and delaying events, shortening seasons, and other cancellations or 'pauses' is the last decision any of us wanted to make. We appreciate your understanding and commitment to this sport and the health and safety of the players and the community. The large organizations we are keeping a close eye on are: CHSAA (Colorado's governing varsity sports' organizers) USA Ultimate Colorado Governor's office Local School Districts CDC and other health officials We will be taking the lead from these organizations on how to proceed following the suspension of events. We will keep posting to this page and to our social media platforms. As frustrations and disappointments elevate, please keep in mind our social responsibility to the rest of the community. It is a privilege to be strong and healthy at this time, and with privilege comes the responsibility of taking care of those not as healthy. Continue reading
Introducing AYU's new EDI Coordinator!
We would like to introduce Marissa Torres, AYU's new EDI Coordinator. Marissa will be responsible for developing a relationship with community partners and fostering youth Ultimate in racially diverse and historically marginalized communities in Denver. She is a teacher at Parklane Elementary in Aurora and has a mean low-release flick! She's currently playing in leagues and plans to play club this summer- say hi to her when you see her. Marissa will work closely with and be supported by the AYU EDI Taskforce and Board of Directors. Continue reading
2020 AYU Indoor Tournaments Recap
AYU was excited to host 4 great indoor hat tournaments this winter! Thank you to all players who attended and played with great spirit and enthusiasm and made these tournaments a great environment to have fun and meet new people. We had 197 high school and college players attend this year, with a total of 330 players between the 4 tournaments. Between the tournaments in January and February, we collected 130 items of canned food to donate to the Action Center in Lakewood. Continue reading
Cutthroat Winter Clinics Recap
We want to thank all the players and coaches who participated during the Cutthroat Winter Clinics! We had over 40 players play in all kinds of weather throughout the clinics with excellent coaches leading sessions. The U20 boys finished out the clinics with a fourth-place finish at a college tournament at the Air Force Invite! Continue reading
Coaching Requirements Explained
Since USAU now requires one certified coach per high school team to compete at State Championships, we have been planning certification clinics throughout the spring to give coaches as many opportunities as possible to become certified. We have four coaching certification clinics scheduled before the State Championships. Find the clinic that fits your schedule and location best >>> Continue reading
2020 Winter Indoor Wrap up
Thanks to all of the players that participated in Winter Indoor 2020 this season! Congratulations to Team 8 Grey for winning the league championship game. Continue reading
Colorado Cutthroat 2020 Tryouts
Colorado Cutthroat is Colorado's premier youth ultimate club program, with top players from many different HS teams coming together to represent Colorado in a national tournament in August in Blaine, Minnesota. Cutthroat players get high-level coaching from some of the top coaches in the state, experience top-level competition, and get to be teammates with many of their top opponents on other teams! Learn more about Colorado Cutthroat Continue reading
NW Denver Full Day Summer Camp June 21-25, 2021
SE Denver Full Day Summer Camp June 21-25, 2021
NE Denver Full Day Summer Camp June 21-25, 2021


Situated close to the areas biggest and most popular attractions, this hotel in Green Bay offers easy access to the best this city has to offer, including Lake Michigan, the Resch Center, Bay Beach Amusement Park, Green Bay Botanical Gardens, Heritage Hill State Park, Oneida Casino and Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary. Sport enthusiasts will also be just a block from football games and stadium tours at Lambeau Field and just a short distance from Green Bay Gamblers Hockey, the Packers Training Camp and Packers Hall of Fame. Several shopping and dining outlets are also nearby.
Corporate guests will find that conducting business as usual here is as easy as being in the office. For guests convenience, we offer a business center, ballroom and meeting/banquet facilities that can accommodate to 425 guests and a close proximity to Georgia-Pacific, United Healthcare, Procter and Gamble and Shopko. The Best Western Green Bay Inn Conference Center is also perfect for weddings.
Theres never been a better time to book your Green Bay vacation. Our friendly staff is waiting to welcome you, so reserve a stay today and save! Enjoy your stay. Management reserves the right to refuse to provide accommodations to persons less than 21 years of age unless accompanied by a parent. Identification is required at check-in.


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Q: SQL Server 2008 R2 Distributor on Subscriber for Reporting DB? I have to setup a database for reporting, and I chose transactional replication for that because it seems the easiest way (setup has to be easy, i will have to explain to customers how to do that). Now for that i do need a distributor database, and i found information that it should not be on the publisher. As there will only be one subscriber, and the performance of the publisher matters alot and the performance of the subscriber does not, I was thinking of setting up the distributor on the subscriber. Does that make sense and is that even possible?

A: Flo,
Yes, this is a popular configuration.  You'll want to configure distribution on the Subscriber and have it act as a remote Distributor for the Publisher.  After configuring distribution on the Subscriber and creating the publication on the Publisher, you can then create the subscription on the Subscriber.
Remote Distributors are covered in Configuring Distribution and in How to: Configure Publishing and Distribution (SQL Server Management Studio).
Hope this helps.

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