text:
Meet Japan's Most Viral Teenager
Meet Reika Oozeki, a 19-year-old Japanese Viner who's currently inspiring young girls all over Japan to make cool videos. BuzzFeed News' Ryan Broderick reports from Tokyo.
By Ryan Broderick and iexplorer
Ryan Broderick BuzzFeed News Reporter iexplorer BuzzFeed Staff
Posted on March 11, 2016, at 10:26 a.m. ET
TOKYO — Reika Oozeki has a cold. But as she sits in her agency's office in jeans and a hoodie, drinking a cup of tea, it's clear that — cold or no cold — Reika IRL is not the hyperactive teenager she plays six seconds at a time on the internet. It is hard to believe that this is the same 19-year-old who, currently at 673,000 followers and 676,000,000 loops, has the most followed Vine account in Japan.
For one thing, she isn't riding around on a hoverboard.
Oozeki's Vines are usually delightfully mundane. She's made a lot of videos about how girls act around their boyfriends versus how they act with their friends. She's done videos parodying the movie Frozen. Last year, she made a video of her just making popping noises with her mouth. It has 5 million loops. When she tells jokes, she usually screams while contorting her face. Imagine Jim Carrey channeled through a 19-year-old Japanese girl with a smartphone.
If you ask Oozeki about her viral fame, she'll deny she's anything other than a normal teenager who happens to make six-second videos with her phone. But Oozeki and girls like her are using Vine in particular to quietly carve out a new space for young female performers who want to bypass Japan's incredibly strict and hierarchical entertainment industry. By just doing her thing, she's slowly subverting the typical way young women in Japan achieve stardom — and other girls are noticing.
Oozeki's first big viral hit was a Vine in 2013 about how couples act at Disneyland. The Vine is called "Going to Disneyland" and it starts with Oozeki addressing the camera, selfie-style. "When going to Disneyland with your boyfriend: 'This is so fun! Let's take our time!'" Then there's a cut and Oozeki says, "When going to Disneyland with your friend: 'Let's go! Let's go! Run! Run! Run! They're going to run out of Fastpasses!'" The Vine has over 8 million loops.
She already had a decent following on Twitter, but when she posted the "Disneyland" video, her account went nuts. "I thought, if there are so many people who will laugh at me doing such a silly thing, and since I've always liked getting a laugh out of people, simply put, I was happy. I wanted to do more Vines and get more laughs," she said.
Almost three years after the "Disneyland" Vine, it's safe to call Oozeki "internet famous", though she's still on the lower end of the fame scale. YouTube is the biggest online video platform in Japan. Hikakin is Japan's biggest YouTuber, with 2.8 million subscribers. He has 1.44 million followers on Twitter. Actual Japanese celebrities — for instance, someone like pop star and model Kyary Pamyu Pamyu — typically have millions of followers on Twitter.
On Vine, Oozeki's numbers are smaller than her American contemporaries, like L.A.-based Vine star Logan Paul, who has 9 million followers and almost 4 billion loops. But in Japan, Oozeki is leading the pack. Brian Jesse, a half-Japanese, half-American comedian and impersonator, is a close second. Jesse is the only Vine star to crack a billion loops and has more followers on Twitter, but his following elsewhere doesn't appear to be nearly as rabid. Oozeki's reach is spread all over social media, as well. She has a huge Instagram following, there are Facebook fan pages for her, and compilations of her Vines regularly pull in over a million views on YouTube. Her work is even subtitled in English by her fans.
All of this is to say that both the internet and fame operate differently in Japan than they do in the West. Taken together, Vine and Twitter's native video would be the third-most popular video platform, behind YouTube and a Japanese livestreaming platform called Nico Nico Douga. Almost half of all social media users in Japan use Twitter. It's bigger in Japan than Facebook. According to Alexa data, 10% of all visits to the vine.co domain come from Japan — second only to the U.S.
In Japanese, Twitter's 140-character limit allows you to write whole paragraphs of information and retweets are incredibly popular. It's common to come across tweets with 20,000 or 30,000 retweets. Japanese Twitter users prefer anonymity; it is rare to see someone use their real name as their username and it's even rarer to find someone who is using their own face as their avatar. Japan's attitude towards exhibitionism might be best summed up by the Japanese saying "deru kugi wa utareru" or "The nail that sticks out gets hammered." And that cultural expectation of conformity is even stricter for women, especially for teenage girls like Oozeki.
Beyond the cultural hurdles, Japan's mainstream pop star industry, spread across print, TV, movies, and radio, is regularly accused of child abuse, sexual exploitation, and being a direct pipeline to the Yakuza — Japan's incredibly sophisticated organized crime groups.
The typical process for a young woman in Japan trying to get into the entertainment industry is to first become an "idol." You typically become an idol by starting either as a hostess at a cabaret club or as a guradoru — a magazine idol, or pinup girl. Then if you're pretty and talented enough you get picked up by an agency and put into a grueling gasshukujo — or pop-star bootcamp — with dozens of other girls. After all of that you get assigned an idol group and a sub-team within that idol group. The biggest idol group in Japan right now is AKB48, which has 127 members divvied up over five different teams. Every year, many of Japan's top idol groups then have elections for their main girls. Because being an idol means being an object of fantasy for male fans, most girls sign contracts promising not to have any romantic relationships. Oh, and after all of that, your agency will usually take a cut of about 60% of your earnings. But if you end up a main girl in an idol group, you get TV spots, acting roles, and modeling contracts.
Oozeki's path into minor stardom has been much less structured. After Oozeki's "Disneyland" video, she decided to make more Vines. When asked about the decision to post them under her own name and show her face, she said she was worried about what her family would think.
"I worried that my mother and other family might tell me that was bad, but actually, they didn't act like it was bad at all," said Oozeki. "They said it's fine if that's how I get everyone to know my face. They didn't mind at all."
Oozeki's success caught the eye of GROVE, a company that works with young Japanese social media stars to turn their social media presence into a source of income. In exchange for a portion of her income, GROVE gives her resources, technical support, and artist management services, as well as set her up with brands to make videos with. Oozeki said she still only shoots the videos she wants to make.
"I shoot videos that I find fun, not because I feel like I have to," she said. "But because I just have fun doing it, when I want to shoot something, I do. If I don't feel like it, I don't. Since I only shoot when I want, I don't get that feeling of getting tired of it at all."
In the West, there are regular Vine meet-ups, parties, and conventions for stars to interact with their fans. In Japan, the meet-ups are mainly for the Viners to meet with potential advertisers.
It was at one of these networking events that Oozeki met her current boyfriend and fellow Viner Hokuto Ikura, who goes by Hokupi, and also works with GROVE.
"That night we went to get ramen and I was super interested in him," she said. "He's funny, you know, kind of like that. From there, we kept talking more and more until eventually we started dating." Oozeki said the fan reaction was minimal.
"On the one hand, people were saying things like, 'Reika-chan has a boyfriend, she seems so happy, I'm glad for her,' but on the other, people were making Vines that dissed my offline life. But even as they made fun of me, this was my real life, you know? So I still felt like I was on the winning side," she said, laughing.
When asked if she thinks the freedom to date is one of the charms of using such an open platform like Vine — GROVE never made her sign some kind of idol "no relationships" contract — Oozeki simply replied, "I'm not a celebrity, so it's not a big deal."
That attitude is a really good example of the odd place in Japanese culture where Oozeki exists. When huge Vine stars date in the U.S., fans typically have a lot of opinions over who their favorite stars should and shouldn't date. The most famously disastrous example of this was the collaborative relationship between Curtis Lepore and Jessi Smiles, which ended in Lepore taking a plea deal after being charged with allegedly sexually assaulting Smiles.
And then there's how celebrity "relationships" work for entertainers in Japan. In January, the Japanese entertainment world was rocked by a sex scandal involving the half-Japanese, half-English singer and TV personality Becky. Messages were leaked to weekly magazine Shukan Bunshun, revealing that Becky was having a secret affair with Kawatani Enon, a guitar player in two different J-rock bands. The messages also revealed that Enon was secretly married. Very little happened to Enon — he cried onstage giving a public apology. Meanwhile, Becky is said to be leaving the entertainment industry, her career effectively over.
Luckily for Oozeki, the Japanese definition of celebrity may not extend into the world of Vine just yet. She gets recognized on the street, especially in hip young areas of Tokyo like Harajuku. She gets approached by teenagers all the time. She takes selfies with them. She said it doesn't usually get too weird, but sometimes teenage boys will start to follow her around. When that happens she likes to spin around and freak them out by saying "Hi" first.
This quiet sort of celebrity is working for her. GROVE has helped Oozeki get on TV and written up in newspapers, and has given her resources to shoot more complex Vines. Last September, she scored a role in a Japanese coming-of-age movie called Watashitachi No Haa Haa or Luv Ya Hun!, which follows Oozeki and three other high school girls on a bicycle trip to Tokyo.
"Since I'm used to making six-second videos, anything longer than that seems so much longer to me," she said of filming her first full-length acting role. "But it's not like I was really emotionally or mentally exhausted or anything."
Japanese society may not be watching Oozeki's quiet rise to fame, but other girls her age are. Her influence is pretty noticeable on Japanese Vine. Her spontaneous, quirky, selfie-based videos are a Japanese Vine style all of their own. She thinks that's pretty cool. Girls even send her videos sometimes. She never thinks of it like she's being ripped off.
"I think there are a lot more people who create videos now because of me," she said. "My Vines are me, and those people, even if they copy me, those videos are theirs. I don't really think of it as something that was stolen."
Japanese Viner, Hira "H!RA" Park, noticed Oozeki's influence on Vine, especially when it comes to other young girls. "Because of her, a lot of girls in Japan have changed. I mean that girls are becoming better about putting their own faces in pictures, movies, and on social networking sites like Vine and Instagram," Park said.
One of those girls directly influenced by Oozeki is Alice Morisaki, a YouTuber and Viner who saw Oozeki making Vines and decided she wanted to do the same thing. At first, Morisaki was uploading makeup tutorials to YouTube. But when she saw Oozeki doing natural and relatable videos on Vine, she switched directions entirely. Now, Morisaki makes videos that she describes as "uploading the normal me."
"[Oozeki's] Vine videos are short and have stories, so I feel comfortable watching them. She describes things that Japanese teenage girls think about — I can watch them over and over again and say, 'I know, right?' to many things she says," Morisaki said. "She has had a huge influence on me, and I think there are a lot of girls who are cheered up by her."
Ultimately, Oozeki still doesn't really feel like Vine is something she wants to put all of her energy into just yet. She knows she loves music and performing. She briefly considered joining a theater troupe, but worried it was too strict. School is her main focus at the moment — her teachers are big fans of her videos, she said. As for her video career, Oozeki is content with just seeing what happens.
"All you need to make a video is to press the home key on your phone and then let go," she said with a shrug. "You can record videos casually, as well as watch them casually. You could even watch them on the train. If you want to focus on recording, you can make videos about everyday things, that's what I did at first."
Check out this week's episode of the BuzzFeed's Internet Explorer podcast if you want to hear more about Reika Oozeki and the world of Japanese Vine!
This article contains additional reporting from Keijiro Abe and Eimi Yamamitsu.
Ryan Broderick is a senior reporter for BuzzFeed News and is based in New York City.
Contact Ryan Broderick at ryan@buzzfeed.com.
A podcast where BuzzFeed editors Ryan Broderick and Katie Notopoulos explore the weirdest corners of the internet. They look at things so that you don't have to.
Contact iexplorer at internetexplorer@buzzfeed.com.


text:
in: All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external links from September 2010, Articles with dead external links from October 2010,
Pages with Team Navbuttons
National Football League teams
American football teams in Illinois
American football teams in Chicago, Illinois
Sports in Chicago, Illinois
PLAYERS COACHES SCORES IMAGES SEASONS
Play in Soldier Field
Headquartered in Lake Forest, Illinois
Helmet Logo
League/conference affiliations
Independent (1919)
National Football League (1920–present)
Western Division (1933–1949)
National Conference (1950–1952)
Western Conference (1953–1969)
Central Division (1967–1969)
National Football Conference (1970–present)
North Division (2002–present)
Current uniform
Team colors Navy Blue, Burnt Orange, White[1]
Fight song "Bear Down, Chicago Bears"
Mascot Staley Da Bear
Owner(s) Virginia Halas McCaskey
Chairman Michael McCaskey
CEO Ted Phillips
President Ted Phillips
General manager Jerry Angelo
Head coach Matt Nagy
Decatur Staleys (1919–1920)
Chicago Staleys (1921)
Chicago Bears (1922–present)
NFL Championships (8)
Super Bowl Championships (1)
1985 (XX)
Conference championships (4)
NFL Western: 1956, 1963
NFC: 1985, 2006
NFL Western: 1933, 1934,1937, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1946
NFC Central: 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 2001
NFC North: 2005, 2006, 2010
Home fields
Staley Field (1919–1920)
Wrigley Field (1921–1970)
Soldier Field (I) (1971–2001)
Memorial Stadium (Champaign) (2002)
Soldier Field (II) (2003–present)
The Chicago Bears are a professional American football team based in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the North Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The team is legally and corporately registered as Chicago Bears Football Club, Incorporated.
The Bears have won nine (9) NFL Championships (eight pre-merger, and one Super Bowl). The Bears hold the NFL records for the most enshrinees in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, with 27 members, and the most retired jersey numbers (13). The Bears have also recorded more regular season and overall victories than any other NFL franchise. The franchise recorded its 700th win on November 18, 2010.[2][3][4]
The club was founded in Decatur, Illinois, in 1919,[5] and moved to Chicago in 1921. Along with the Arizona Cardinals (originally from Chicago), it is one of only two remaining franchises from the NFL's founding. The team played home games at Wrigley Field on Chicago's North Side through the 1970 season. With the exception of the 2002 season, they have played their home games at Chicago's Soldier Field every year since 1971. The stadium is located next to Lake Michigan, and was recently remodeled in a modernization intended to update stadium amenities while preserving a historic Chicago structure. The team has a storied, long-standing rivalry with the Green Bay Packers, whom they have played 182 times. The Bears currently hold the edge in head-to-head matchups with a record of 92–82–6. The two teams have met each other twice in the postseason. The Bears won in 1941 and the Packers won in 2011.[6]
The team headquarters, Halas Hall, is in the Chicago suburb of Lake Forest, Illinois. The Bears practice at adjoining facilities there during the season. They hold their annual training camp from late July to mid-August at Ward Field on the campus of Olivet Nazarene University in Bourbonnais, Illinois.
1 Franchise history
1.3 2004–present: Lovie Smith era
2 Logos, uniforms, and mascots
2.1 Logo
2.2 Uniforms
2.3 Mascots
3 Stadium
4 The Bears in popular culture
4.1 Local radio and television
5 Statistics and records
5.1 Season-by-season results
6 Players of note
6.1 Current roster
6.2 Pro Football Hall of Famers
6.3 Retired numbers
7 Coaching staff
Franchise history
Further information: History of the Chicago Bears and List of Chicago Bears seasons
Originally named the Decatur Staleys, the club was established by the A. E. Staley food starch company of Decatur, Illinois in 1919 as a company team. This was the typical start for several early professional football franchises. The company hired George Halas and Edward "Dutch" Sternaman in 1920 to run the team, and turned over full control of the team to them in 1921.[7] However, official team and league records cite Halas as the founder as he took over the team in 1920 when it became a charter member of the NFL.[8]
The team relocated to Chicago in 1921, where the club was renamed the Chicago Staleys. Under an agreement reached by Halas and Sternaman with Staley, Halas purchased the rights to the club from Staley for $100, whereupon they were renamed the Chicago Bears.
The Bears dominated the league in the early years. Their rivalry with the Chicago Cardinals, the oldest in the NFL (and a crosstown rivalry from 1920 to 1959), was key in four out of the first six league titles. During the league's first six years, the Bears lost twice to the Canton Bulldogs (who took two league titles over that span), and split with their crosstown rival Cardinals (going 4–4–2 against each other over that span), but no other team in the league defeated the Bears more than a single time. During that span, the Bears posted 34 shutouts.
The Bears' rivalry with the Green Bay Packers is one of the oldest and most storied in American professional sports, dating back to 1921. In one infamous incident that year, Halas got the Packers expelled from the league in order to prevent their signing a particular player, and then graciously got them re-admitted after the Bears had closed the deal with that player.[9]
In 1922, Halas changed the team name from the Staleys to the Bears. The team moved into Wrigley Field, which was home to the Chicago Cubs baseball franchise. As with several early NFL franchises, the Bears derived their nickname from their city's baseball team (some directly, some indirectly – like the Bears, whose young are called "cubs"). Halas liked the bright orange-and-blue colors of his alma mater, the University of Illinois, and the Bears adopted those colors as their own, albeit in a darker shade of each (the blue is a navy blue, and the orange is Pantone 1665, similar to burnt orange).[citation needed]
The 1924 team photo
The franchise was an early success under Halas, capturing the NFL Championship in 1921 and remaining competitive throughout the decade. In 1924 the Bears claimed the Championship after defeating the Cleveland Bulldogs on December 7, even putting the title "World's Champions" on their 1924 team photo. But the NFL had ruled that games after November 30 did not count towards league standings, and the Bears had to settle for second place behind Cleveland.[10] Their only losing season came in 1929.
During the 1920s the club was responsible for triggering the NFL's long-standing rule that a player could not be signed until his college's senior class had graduated. The NFL took that action as a consequence of the Bears' aggressive signing of famous University of Illinois player Red Grange within a day of his final game as a collegian.[11]
After the financial losses of the 1932 Championship season, Halas' partner Dutch Sternaman left the organization. Halas maintained full control of the Bears until his death in 1983. He also coached the team off-and-on for forty seasons, an NFL record. In the 1932 "Unofficial" NFL Championship, the Bears defeated the Portsmouth Spartans in the first indoor American football game at Chicago Stadium.
The success of the playoff game led the NFL to institute a championship game. In the very first NFL Championship, the Bears played against the New York Giants, defeating them 23–21. The teams met again in the 1934 NFL Championship where the Giants, wearing sneakers[12] defeated the Bears 30–13 on a cold, icy day at the Polo Grounds.
The 1946 NFL Championship team photo
From 1940–1947, quarterback Sid Luckman led the Bears to victories in four out of the five NFL Championship Games in which they appeared. The team acquired the University of Chicago's discarded nickname "Monsters of the Midway" and their now-famous helmet "C", as well as a newly penned theme song that declared them "The Pride and Joy of Illinois". One famous victory during that period was their 73–0 victory over the favored Washington Redskins at Griffith Stadium in the 1940 NFL Championship Game; the score is still an NFL record for lopsided results.[13] The secret behind the one-sided outcome was the introduction of a new offensive formation by Halas. The T-formation, as Halas named it, involved two running backs instead of the traditional one in the backfield. Luckman's success at the quarterback position for the Bears has not been matched, as he still holds club records for passing.[14]
After declining throughout the 1950s, the team rebounded in 1963 to capture their eighth NFL Championship, which would be their last until 1985. The late 1960s and early 1970s produced notable players like Dick Butkus, Gale Sayers, and Brian Piccolo,[15] who died of embryonal carcinoma in 1970. The American television network ABC aired a movie about Piccolo in 1971 entitled Brian's Song, starring James Caan and Billy Dee Williams in the roles of Piccolo and Sayers respectively; Jack Warden won an Emmy Award for his performance as Halas. The movie was later released for theater screenings after first being shown on television.
Halas retired as coach in 1967 and spent the rest of his days in the front office. He became the only person to be involved with the NFL throughout the first 60 years of its existence. He was also a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame's first induction class in 1963. As the only living founder of the NFL at the February 1970 merger between the NFL and the American Football League, the owners honored Halas by electing him the first President of the National Football Conference, a position that he held until his death in 1983. In his honor, the NFL named the NFC Championship trophy as the George Halas Memorial Trophy.
After the merger, the Bears finished the 1970 season last place in their division, a repeat of their placing in the 1969 season. In 1975, the Bears drafted Walter Payton from Jackson State University with their first pick. He won the NFL Most Valuable Player Award in the 1977–78 season.[16][17] Payton would go on to eclipse Jim Brown's NFL career rushing record in 1984 before retiring in 1987, and would hold the mark until 2002, when Emmitt Smith of the Dallas Cowboys surpassed it.[18] Payton's career and personality would capture the hearts of Bear fans, who called him "Sweetness". He died from a rare form of liver cancer in 1999 at the age of 45.
On November 1, 1983, a day after the death of George Halas, his oldest daughter, Virginia McCaskey, took over as the majority owner of the team. Her husband, Ed McCaskey, succeeded her father as the Chairman of the Board.[19] Their son Michael became the third president in team history.[20] Mrs. McCaskey holds the honorary title of "secretary of the board of directors", but the 82-year–old matriarch has been called the glue that holds the franchise together.[21] Mrs. McCaskey's reign as the owner of the Bears was not planned, as her father originally earmarked her brother, George "Mugs" Halas, Jr. as the heir apparent to the franchise. However, he died of a massive heart attack in 1979. Her impact on the team is well-noted as her own family has dubbed her "The First Lady of Sports", and the Chicago Sun-Times has listed her as one of Chicago's most powerful women.[22]
Mike Ditka, a tight end for the Bears from 1961 to 1966, was hired to coach the team by George Halas in 1982. In the 1985 season the fire in the Bears–Packers rivalry was relit when Ditka used 350–plus pound lineman "Refrigerator" Perry as a truly "wide" receiver in a touchdown play at Lambeau Field, flagrantly taunting the Packers. The Bears won their ninth NFL Championship, first since the AFL-NFL merger, in Super Bowl XX after the 1985 season in which they dominated the NFL with their then-revolutionary 46 defense and a cast of characters that recorded the novelty rap song "The Super Bowl Shuffle". The season was notable in that the Bears had only one loss, the "unlucky 13th" game of the season, a Monday night affair in which they were defeated by the Miami Dolphins. At the time, much was made of the fact that the 1972 Dolphins were the only franchise in history to have had an undefeated season and post-season. The Dolphins came close to setting up a rematch in the Super Bowl, but lost to the New England Patriots in the AFC title game. "The Super Bowl Shuffle" was videotaped the day after that Monday night loss in Miami.
After the 1985 Championship season, the Bears remained competitive throughout the 1980s but failed to return to the Super Bowl under Mike Ditka. Since the firing of Ditka at the end of the 1992 season, the Bears have made the playoffs five times under three different head coaches: Dave Wannstedt from 1993 through 1998, Dick Jauron from 1999 through 2003, and current head coach, Lovie Smith. Before the Bears hired Jauron in January 1999, Dave McGinnis (Arizona's defensive coordinator, and a former Bears assistant under Ditka and Wannstedt) backed out of taking the head coaching position. The Bears scheduled a press conference to announce the hiring before McGinnis agreed to contract terms.[23] Soon after Jauron's hiring, Mrs. McCaskey fired her son Michael as president, replacing him with Ted Phillips and promoting Michael to chairman of the board. McCaskey's reign as president has been viewed as a "disaster".[24] Phillips, the current Bears president, became the first man outside of the Halas-McCaskey family to run the team.[25]
2004–present: Lovie Smith era
Lovie Smith accomplished his first objective as the team's head coach by sweeping the Green Bay Packers during the 2005 season.
Lovie Smith, hired on January 15, 2004, is the third and current (as of 2010) post-Ditka head coach. Joining the Bears as a rookie head coach, Smith brought the highly successful Tampa 2 defensive scheme with him to Chicago. Before his second season with the Bears, the team rehired their former offensive coordinator and then Illinois head coach Ron Turner to improve the Bears' struggling offense.[26] In 2005, the Bears won their division and reached the playoffs for the first time in four years. Their previous playoff berth was earned by winning the NFC Central in 2001. The Bears improved upon their success the following season, by clinching their second consecutive NFC North title during Week 13 of the 2006 season, winning their first playoff game since 1995, and earning a trip to Super Bowl XLI.[27] However, they fell short of the championship, losing 29–17 to the Indianapolis Colts. Following the 2006 season, the club decided to give Lovie Smith a contract extension through 2011, at roughly $5 million per year. This comes a season after being the lowest paid head coach in the National Football League.[28]
The club has played in over a thousand games since becoming a charter member of the NFL in 1920. Through the 2010 season, they led the NFL in overall franchise wins with 704 and had an overall record of 704-512-42 (going 687–494–42 during the regular season and 17-18 in the playoffs).[29] On November 18, 2010 the Bears recorded franchise win number 700 in a win against the Miami Dolphins.
Bears' tight end Greg Olsen runs a route before a game in 2008.
Devin Hester at Lambeau Field before a game.
On April 2, 2009, the Bears made one of the biggest trades in franchise history, acquiring Pro Bowl quarterback Jay Cutler and a 5th round selection in the 2009 NFL Draft from the Denver Broncos in exchange for quarterback Kyle Orton, the Bears' 1st and 3rd round selections in the 2009 NFL Draft and the Bears' 1st round selection in the 2010 NFL Draft.[30] On February 1, 2010, offensive guru Mike Martz was hired by the Chicago Bears as their offensive coordinator.[31] On March 5, 2010, the Bears made a big splash in free agency, signing defensive end Julius Peppers, running back Chester Taylor, and tight end Brandon Manumaleuna spending over $100 million on the first day of free agency.[32] The Chicago Bears got their 700th regular season win on November 18, 2010 by beating the Miami Dolphins 16–0. This makes the Bears the first team in the NFL to reach the regular season win mark of 700. On December 20, 2010, the Bears defeated the Minnesota Vikings 40–14 at TCF Bank Stadium in Minneapolis to clinch the NFC North Division title, their third in six years but first since 2006, when they reached Super Bowl XLI. With a 38–34 win against the New York Jets, the Bears clinched the No. 2 seed and a first-round bye for the 2010–11 NFL playoffs. They reached the NFC Championship Game following the defeat of the Seattle Seahawks, where they played Green Bay Packers at Soldier Field - only the second playoff meeting between the two storied rivals, the only other game played in 1941.[33] The Bears lost the game, 21-14.
Virginia McCaskey, her children, and grandchildren control 80% of the team, and Mrs. McCaskey votes her children's stock as well as her own. Patrick Ryan, executive chairman of Aon Corp., and Aon director Andrew McKenna own 15% of the club, and Kevin owns 5% of the club.[34] In a Crain's Chicago Business article, one businessman described his wishes for the team to maximize its potential. In 2009 Yahoo! Sports listed the McCaskey as the third worst owner in the NFL, stating "[T]hey get less for what they've got than any team in our league."[35] There have been rumors that the McCaskey family might split up over the team.[21]
In 2008, Forbes magazine reported that the Chicago Bears franchise is worth $1.1 billion,[36] making it the ninth richest franchise in the NFL. Chicago is the National Football League's second largest market.[37] The team has major sponsorship deals with Chase, Miller Brewing Company, Cadillac, United Airlines, Motorola, U.S. Cellular and Coca-Cola.[38] The team was the first in the NFL to have a presenting sponsor, with the 2004 season advertised as "Bears Football presented by BankOne (now Chase)". Additionally, the Bears have an agreement with WFLD-TV (the Fox affiliate in Chicago) to broadcast pre-season football games.[39]
Logos, uniforms, and mascots
Main article: Chicago Bears logos, uniforms, and mascots
One of the original logos (1962–1973)
The club's first logo was introduced in the early 1950s as a black bear on top of a football. They kept this until 1962, when the Bears trademark 'C' logo was first introduced.[40]
The change in their logo from the black bear was due to the addition of logos on helmets, which pro football teams started adding in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Unlike some NFL franchises that have had many different looks over time, the Bears have kept the wishbone 'C' for over 40 years.
In 1974, the team decided to keep the same white 'C' logo but to change the color of it from white to orange with a white trim. This is the current logo; however, the club has since introduced alternative logos, including a black bear inside of the orange wishbone 'C', introduced in 1995, and an orange bear head, introduced in 1999.
In 1920 the team introduced uniforms containing brown and blue stripes. In the 1930s, the franchise's uniform underwent substantial alterations. By 1933 the Bears donned all-orange jerseys with navy numbers and matching black helmets. In 1936, they modified this design into "an early version of psychedelia" by adding three orange stripes to their helmets, changing the color of the jerseys from orange to white, complementing the new white jerseys with fourteen navy and orange alternating stripes on the sleeves, and introducing socks with a similar striped pattern extending from ankle to knee. Because of poor response from the fans and the media, this design lasted only one season.[1]
Chicago Bears uniform combinations
By 1949, the team was wearing the familiar navy blue shirts with white, rounded numbers. In 1956, the team added "TV numbers" to the sleeves. The Bears 'C' logo first appeared on the helmets in 1962. The logo changed from white to a white-bordered orange logo 11 years later, and has remained unchanged ever since. The Bears added the initials GSH to the left sleeve of their jerseys in 1984 in memory of George Halas.
Chicago Bears uniform: 1962–1972
For decades, the team was known as the only NFL team to wear jersey numbers that were not the traditional block-style numbers (though during the 1971 season, the Bears road jerseys used the block-style numbers). Although a handful of other NFL teams and the Houston Oilers during their early AFL days experimented with rounder jersey numbers, by the mid-1960s the Bears were the only team left to continue wearing rounded jersey numbers. Since the mid-1990s, however, several teams have shifted away from the block numbers in favor of numbers that match a specific team font (e.g. Denver Broncos, Baltimore Ravens, Philadelphia Eagles, etc.) or in the case of the Pittsburgh Steelers, match the jersey number font with the helmet numbers while otherwise leaving the jersey design alone.
Other variations to the Bears uniforms over the years include the addition of navy blue pants as a part of the road kit in 1984. During the 1994 season, the Bears – with most of the other NFL franchises – introduced throwback uniforms to be worn in the honor of the NFL's 75th anniversary. These uniforms with brown and blue stripes resemble the original Bears uniforms worn in the 1920s. On October 7, 2002 the Bears wore navy blue pants with their navy blue home jerseys for the first time, and lost at home to Green Bay before a national Monday Night Football audience. The Bears did not wear the all-blue combination again until the 2006 regular season finale against the Packers, also a loss, on December 31.
Chicago Bears Uniform History (1920–2005)
On November 13, 2005 and October 29, 2006 (both times in games against the San Francisco 49ers), the Bears introduced an orange alternate home jersey. The orange swaps roles with the navy blue on this alternate jersey, as it becomes the dominant color while the navy complements. The orange jerseys were worn again on October 19, 2008 at home against the Minnesota Vikings in a 48–41 victory.[41]
The Bears also wore the orange jerseys against the Detroit Lions on October 28, 2007 and most recently in a November 1, 2009 game vs. the Cleveland Browns (Bears won 30–6). The Bears previously wore orange jerseys as part of a throwback uniform in a Thanksgiving Day game at the Dallas Cowboys in 2004. Their uniforms, especially for their classic look, have been cited as one of the best in the league.[42]
Since 2005, the Bears have worn their alternate orange jerseys for one home game a season that is near Halloween. For the 2005–07 and 2010 home openers, the team wore the white jerseys with the navy blue pants. The team is 4–0 in these games, beating the Lions in 2005, 2006, and 2010, and beating the Chiefs in 2007.
The Bears will honor the original Monsters of the Midway during the 2010 season by wearing throwback uniforms of the era for selected games. The uniforms are a nod to the 1940s when the Bears won four NFL titles with Hall of Famers Danny Fortman, Sid Luckman, George McAfee, George Musso, Bronko Nagurski, Joe Stydahar and Clyde "Bulldog" Turner.[43]
Before the introduction of Staley Da Bear, the club had two unofficial mascots named "Rocky" and "Bearman". "Rocky" was a man who donned a "1" Bears jersey, carried a megaphone, and started chants all over Soldier Field during the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s. There is no known source of who "Rocky" was, except that he disappeared from Soldier Field in the early 1990s and presumably lived in Northwest Indiana.[44] Don Wachter, also known as "Bearman", is a season ticket holder who decided in 1995 that he could also assist the team by cheerleading. The club allowed him to run across the field with a large Bears flag during player introductions and each team score. In 1996, he donned his "costume" of face paint, bear head and arms, and a number 46 jersey. "Bearman" was forced to stop wearing his costume with the introduction of Staley Da Bear in 2003; however, in 2005 Wachter was allowed in costume again.[45]
Main articles: Wrigley Field and Soldier Field
Soldier Field, located on Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, is the current home to the Bears. The Bears moved into Soldier Field in 1971 after outgrowing Wrigley Field, the team's home for 50 years, and Northwestern University's residential neighbors objected to their playing at Dyche Stadium, now called Ryan Field. After the AFL-NFL Merger, the newly merged league wanted their teams to play in stadiums that could hold at least 50,000 fans. Even with the portable bleachers that the team brought into Wrigley, the stadium could still only hold 46,000.[46] Soldier Field's playing turf was changed from astroturf to natural grass in time for the start of the 1988 season. The stadium was the site of the infamous Fog Bowl playoff game between the Bears and Philadelphia Eagles.[47]
In 2002, the stadium was closed and rebuilt with only the exterior wall of the stadium being preserved. It was closed on Sunday, January 20, 2002, a day after the Bears lost in the playoffs. It reopened on September 27, 2003 after a complete rebuild (the second in the stadium's history).[48] Many fans refer to the rebuilt stadium as "New Soldier Field".[49] During the 2002 season, the Bears played their home games at the University of Illinois' Memorial Stadium in Champaign, where they went 3–5.
Many critics have negative views of the new stadium. They believe that its current structure has made it more of an eyesore than a landmark; some have dubbed it the "Mistake on the Lake".[50] Soldier Field was stripped of its National Historic Landmark designation on February 17, 2006.[51]
In the 2005 season, the Bears won the NFC North Division and the No. 2 Seed in the NFC Playoffs, entitling them to play at least one home game in the postseason. The team hosted (and lost) their divisional round match on January 15, 2006 against the Carolina Panthers. This was the first playoff game at Soldier Field since the stadium reopened.
The stadium's end zones and midfield were not painted until the 1982 season.[52] The design sported on the field included the bolded word "Chicago" in both end zones. In 1983, the end zone design returned, with the addition of a large wishbone "C" Bears logo painted at midfield. These field markings remained unchanged until the 1996 season.[53] In 1996 the midfield wishbone "C" was changed to a large blue Bears head, and the end zone design were painted with "Bears" in cursive. This new design remained until the 1999 season, at which point the artwork was returned to the classic "Chicago" and the "C". In the new Soldier Field, the artwork was tweaked to where one end zone had the word "Chicago" bolded and the other had "Bears".[54]
The Bears in popular culture
While the Super Bowl XX Champion Bears were a fixture of mainstream American pop culture in the 1980s, the Bears made a prior mark with the 1971 American TV movie Brian's Song starring Billy Dee Williams as Gale Sayers and James Caan as Brian Piccolo. The film told of how Piccolo helped Sayers recover from a devastating knee injury to return to his status as one of the league's best players, and how Sayers in turn helped the Piccolo family through Brian's fatal illness.[55][56] A 2001 remake of the movie for ABC starred Sean Maher as Piccolo and Mekhi Phifer as Sayers.[57]
The 1985 team is also remembered for recording the song "The Super Bowl Shuffle", which reached number forty-one on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for a Grammy Award.[58][59] The music video for the song depicts the team rapping that they are "not here to start no trouble" but instead "just here to do the Super Bowl Shuffle". The team took a risk by recording and releasing the song before the playoffs had even begun, but were able to avoid embarrassment by going on to win Super Bowl XX by a then-record margin of 46–10. That game was one of the most watched television events in history according to the Nielsen ratings system; the game had a rating of 48.3, ranking it seventh in all-time television history.[60]
In addition to the "Super Bowl Shuffle"[61] rap song, the Bears' success in the 1980s – and especially the personality of head coach Mike Ditka – inspired a recurring sketch on the American sketch comedy program Saturday Night Live, called "Bill Swerski's Superfans".[62] The sketch featured Cheers co-star George Wendt, a Chicago native, as host of a radio talk-show (similar in tone to WGN radio's "The Sportswriters"), with co-panelists Carl Wollarski (Robert Smigel), Pat Arnold (Mike Myers) and Todd O'Connor (Chris Farley). To hear them tell it, "Da Bears" and Coach Ditka could do no wrong. The sketch stopped after Ditka was fired in 1993. The sketch usually showed the panelists drinking lots of beer and eating lots of Polish sausage, and often featured Todd getting so agitated about what was happening with the Bears that he suffered a heart attack, but quickly recovered (through self-administered CPR). The sketch also features the cast predicting unrealistic blowout victories for Bears games.[63] A significantly overweight Farley died in 1997 from a drug overdose exacerbated by arteriosclerosis,[64] and Da Super Fan sketch has not been brought back by SNL, with the exception of a single appearance by Horatio Sanz as a Super Fan for the Cubs on Weekend Update in 2003. Outside of SNL, George Wendt reprised his role of Swerski in the opening promo of Super Bowl XL on ABC.
On TV shows based in Chicago such as Still Standing, According to Jim, Early Edition and The Bernie Mac Show, the main characters are all Bears fans, and have worn Bears' jerseys and t-shirts on some occasions. Some episodes even show them watching Bears games. Rosanne is another TV show based outside of Chicago to feature the Bears as the consensus household favorite. That 70s Show featured several Bears references, as it was based in Wisconsin, home of the Packers. On one episode while the gang is at a Bears vs. Packers game, Eric comes to the seat in a Walter Payton jersey and is booed by the surrounding Packers fans.
Ditka's success and popularity in Chicago has led him to land analyst roles on various American football pregame shows. Ditka worked for both the NFL on NBC and CBS's The NFL Today, and he currently works on ESPN's Sunday NFL Countdown and provided Friday night analysis on the Bears on CBS 2 Chicago, the CBS Chicago affiliate, called "2 on Football" with former CBS 2 Sports Director Mark Malone.[65] He is also the color analyst for all local broadcasts of Bears preseason games. Ditka also co-starred himself alongside actor Will Ferrell in the 2005 comedy film Kicking & Screaming.[66]
Also, Ditka, Dick Butkus, Walter Payton, Jim McMahon, William "Refrigerator" Perry and Brian Urlacher are among Bears figures known for their appearances in TV commercials. Urlacher, whose jersey was among the league's best-selling in 2002, was featured on Nike commercials with former Atlanta Falcons quarterback Michael Vick.[67][68]
In the 1985 cartoon Punky Brewster, the Bears are playing the Green Bay Packers in the episode "The Quartersize Quarterback".[69][70] In the 1961 cartoon Yogi Bear, Yogi helps the Bears beat the New York Giants.[71]
In the popular American sit-com Roseanne, Dan Conner (John Goodman) would often wear a Chicago Bears hoodie.
Chevy Chase (Clark Griswold) appears in some scenes wearing a black Chicago Bears ball cap. He wears the same Chicago Bears cap throughout all four Vacation movies.[72]
Brian Urlacher made a cameo in the seventh season of the HBO series Entourage in 2010.
Local radio and television
Currently, WBBM NewsRadio 780 airs the Bears games with Jeff Joniak doing the play-by-play, along with color commentator Tom Thayer, who played for the Bears from 1985–1992,[73] and sideline reporter Zach Zaidman. Over the years, many Bears play-by-play broadcasters have included Jack Brickhouse, Wayne Larrivee, and color commentator Hub Arkush. Their current preseason TV announcers on Fox Chicago are Sam Rosen (play-by-play), Erik Kramer (color commentary) and Lou Canellis (sideline reporter).
Statistics and records
For more details on this topic, see Chicago Bears statistics.
Bill George and Doug Buffone hold the record for the most seasons in a Bears uniform with 14.[74] George did it between the 1952 and 1965 seasons and Buffone during the 1966 through 1979 seasons. On the other hand, Steve McMichael holds the record for most consecutive games played by a Bear with 191;[74] he accomplished the feat from 1981 to 1993. In second place is Payton, who played 186 games from 1975 to 1987 at running back, a position considered to be conducive to injury, only missing one game in a span of 13 seasons.
Placekicker Kevin Butler holds the club record[74] for scoring the most points in his ten-year Bear career. He scored 1,116 points as the Bears kicker from 1985 to 1995. He is followed in distant second place by Payton, with 750 points. Payton holds the team record for career rushing yards with 16,726.[74] That was an NFL record until Emmitt Smith of the Dallas Cowboys broke it in 2002. Neal Anderson, who played from 1986 to 1993, is the closest to Payton's record with 6,166 yards. Mark Bortz holds the record for most Bear playoff appearances, with 13 between 1983 and 1994, and is followed by Kevin Butler, Dennis Gentry, Dan Hampton, Jay Hilgenberg, Steve McMichael, Ron Rivera, Mike Singletary, and Keith Van Horne, who have each played in 12 playoff games.
The 1940 Chicago Bears team holds the record for the biggest margin of victory in an NFL game (playoff or regular season) with a 73–0 victory over the Washington Redskins in the 1940 NFL Championship Game. The largest home victory for the Bears came in a 61–7 result against the Green Bay Packers in 1980. The largest defeat in club history was a 52–0 loss against the Baltimore Colts in 1964. The club recorded undefeated regular seasons in 1934 and 1942, but (unlike the 1972 Dolphins) did not win the championship game in either season. In 1934, the club completed a 13–0 record but were defeated by the New York Giants, and in 1942 the club completed an 11–0 record but were defeated by the Redskins. Had the Bears won either championship, the club would have completed a championship three-peat – a feat completed only by the Packers (twice), although no team has done it since the AFL-NFL merger.[75] Halas holds the team record for coaching the most seasons with 40 and for having the most career victories of 324. Halas' victories record stood until Don Shula surpassed Halas in 1993. Ditka is the closest Bears coach to Halas, with 112 career victories. No other Bears coach has recorded over 100 victories with the team.[74]
During the 2006 season, return specialist Devin Hester set several kick return records. He currently holds the franchise record for most return yards with 1,449.[76] He had six touchdown returns, setting a record for most returns in a single season.[77] In 2007, he recorded another six touchdown season from returns. One of the most notable of these returns came on November 12, 2006, when he returned a missed field goal for a 108-yard touchdown.[78] The record tied former teammate Nathan Vasher's previous record, which was set almost a year earlier.[79] Additionally, Hester set a Super Bowl record by becoming the first person to return an opening kick of a Super Bowl for a touchdown.[80] On December 20, 2010, Hester set an NFL record for most touchdowns on a punt or kickoff return with his 14th career return coming against the Minnesota Vikings.
Season-by-season results
This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed or in progress by the Bears. For the full season-by-season franchise results, see List of Chicago Bears seasons.
Note: The Finish, Wins, Losses, and Ties columns list regular season results and exclude any postseason play.
Record as of December 28, 2008
Super Bowl Champions Conference Champions Division Champions Wild Card Berth
Post Season Results
2006 NFL NFC North 1st 13 3 0 Won Divisional Playoffs (Seahawks) (27–24 OT)
Won Conference Championship (Saints) (39–14)
Lost Super Bowl XLI (Colts) (29–17)
2007 NFL NFC North 4th 7 9 0
2008 NFL NFC North 2nd 9 7 0
2009 NFL NFC North 3rd 7 9 0
2010 NFL NFC North 1st 11 5 0 Won Divisional playoffs (Seahawks) (35-24)
Lost Conference Championship (Packers) (21–14)
Players of note
For more details on this topic, see List of Chicago Bears players.
Chicago Bears current rosterview · talk · edit
6 Jay Cutler
8 Matt Gutierrez
22 Matt Forté
86 Brandon Manumaleuna FB/TE
29 Chester Taylor
48 Harvey Unga
43 Eddie Williams FB
80 Earl Bennett
-- Andy Fantuz
23 Devin Hester
-- Onrea Jones
13 Johnny Knox
11 Eric Peterman
87 Kellen Davis
82 Greg Olsen
Offensive linemen
62 Johan Asiata G
63 Roberto Garza G/C
79 Levi Horn T
67 Herman Johnson T/G
60 Lance Louis G
68 Frank Omiyale T/G
78 Kevin Shaffer T
73 J'Marcus Webb T
74 Chris Williams G/T
91 Tommie Harris DT
99 Marcus Harrison DT
71 Israel Idonije DE
69 Henry Melton DE
90 Julius Peppers DE
-- Nick Reed DE
75 Matt Toeaina DT
-- Tank Tyler DT
98 Corey Wootton DE
55 Lance Briggs OLB
92 Hunter Hillenmeyer ILB
93 Chris Johnson OLB
96 Patrick Trahan OLB
54 Brian Urlacher ILB
35 Zackary Bowman CB
24 K. J. Gerard CB
46 Chris Harris FS
26 Tim Jennings CB
30 D. J. Moore CB
31 Joshua Moore CB
20 Craig Steltz FS
33 Charles Tillman CB
27 Major Wright FS
9 Robbie Gould K
65 Patrick Mannelly LS
Reserve lists
Unrestricted FAs
95 Anthony Adams DT
36 Josh Bullocks SS
88 Desmond Clark TE/FB
10 Todd Collins QB
81 Rashied Davis WR
21 Corey Graham CB
52 Brian Iwuh OLB
57 Olin Kreutz C
38 Danieal Manning SS
4 Brad Maynard P
53 Nick Roach OLB
59 Pisa Tinoisamoa OLB
58 Rod Wilson OLB
25 Garrett Wolfe RB
Restricted FAs
19 Devin Aromashodu WR
12 Caleb Hanie QB
Exclusive-Rights FAs
32 Kahlil Bell RB
70 Edwin Williams G/C
Rookies in italics
Roster updated February 4, 2011
Depth chart • Transactions
49 active, 0 inactive, 18 FAs
→ AFC rosters → NFC rosters
Pro Football Hall of Famers
Main article: List of Chicago Bears in the Pro Football Hall of Fame
In the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the Bears have the most enshrined primary members with twenty-seven, however the club also have had three Hall of Famers spend a minor portion of their career with the franchise.[81] Founder, owner, head coach, and player George Halas, halfback Bronko Nagurski, and Red Grange were a part of the original class of inductees in 1963. The franchise saw 14 individuals inducted into the Hall of Fame from 1963–1967. Defensive end Richard Dent, a member of the Super Bowl XX team is the most recent Bear inducted, a part of the Class of 2011.
The Bears have retired thirteen uniform numbers, which is the most in the NFL, and ranks fourth behind the basketball Boston Celtics (21), baseball New York Yankees (16), and hockey Montreal Canadiens (15) for the most in North American professional sports.
Chicago Bears Retired Numbersview · talk · edit
Bronko Nagurski
1930-37, 1943
Minnesota George McAfee
1940-41, '45-50
Duke George Halas
End/HC
Illinois Willie Galimore
Florida A&M Walter Payton
Jackson State Gale Sayers
Kansas Brian Piccolo
Sid Luckman
Columbia Dick Butkus
Illinois Bill Hewitt
Michigan Bill George
Wake Forest Clyde
(Bulldog)
C/LB
Hardin-Simmons Harold
1925, 1929-34
For a more in-depth look into the history of the head coaches of the Bears, see List of Chicago Bears head coaches
Chicago Bears staffv · d · e
Secretary of the Board of Directors – Virginia Halas McCaskey
Chairman – George McCaskey
President/CEO – Ted Phillips
General Manager – Phil Emery
Vice President of Football Administration/General Counsel – Cliff Stein
Director of Pro Personnel – Kevin Turks
Assistant Director of Pro Personnel – Dwayne Joseph
Director of College Scouting – Marty Barrett
Head Coach – Marc Trestman
Offensive Coaches
Offensive Coordinator – Aaron Kromer
Quarterbacks – Matt Cavanaugh
Running Backs – Skip Peete
Wide Receivers – Mike Groh
Tight Ends – Andy Bischoff
Offensive Line – Pat Meyer
Offensive Quality Control — Brendan Nugent
Offensive Quality Control — Carson Walch
Defensive Coaches
Defensive Coordinator – Mel Tucker
Defensive Line – Paul Pasqualoni
Assistant Defensive Line – Clint Hurtt
Linebackers – Reggie Herring
Defensive Backs – Jon Hoke
Defensive Quality Control – Chris Harris
Defensive Quality Control — Sean Desai
Special Teams Coaches
Special Teams Coordinator/Assistant Head Coach – Joe DeCamillis
Assistant Special Teams — Dwayne Stukes
Strength and Conditioning – Mike Clark
Strength and Conditioning Assistant – Jim Arthur
Strength Assistant/Skill Development Coach - Joe Kim
Conditioning Assistant – Phil Brauch
→ Coaching Staff
→ Management
→ More NFL staffs
AFC East: BUF · MIA · NE · NYJ • North: BAL · CIN · CLE · PIT • South: HOU · IND · JAC · TEN • West: DEN · KC · OAK · SD
NFC East: DAL · NYG · PHI · WAS • North: CHI · DET · GB · MIN • South: ATL · CAR · NO · TB • West: ARI · STL · SF · SEA
↑ 1.0 1.1 "History of the Chicago Bears Uniform – Chicago Bears official website". Chicagobears.com. http://www.chicagobears.com/tradition/uniform.asp. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
↑ "Chicago Bears Franchise Encyclopedia". Sports Reference LLC. http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/chi/. Retrieved August 15, 2008.
↑ "Green Bay Packers Franchise Encyclopedia". Sports Reference LLC. http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/gnb/. Retrieved August 15, 2008.
↑ "All-Time Win-Loss Records By Team". Pro Football Hall of Fame. 2008. http://www.profootballhof.com/history/stats/win-loss_records.jsp. Retrieved August 15, 2008.
↑ Halas By Halas, by George Halas, Gwen Morgan & Arthur Veysey, McGraw Hill, 1979, p.53-54
↑ "Chicago Bears Team Encyclopedia". Pro-Football-Reference.com. http://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/chi/#headtohead. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
↑ "The Decatur Staleys". Local Website. http://home.comcast.net/~esterneman/sternaman/football.htm. Retrieved June 15, 2006. Information on Dutch Sternaman
↑ "George Halas: Hall of Fame Member". Pro Football Hall of Fame. http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.jsp?player_id=85. Retrieved May 14, 2006.
↑ "Bears-Packers: Love-Hate Relationship". Packers.com. http://www.packers.com/news/stories/2000/09/28/1/. Retrieved September 28, 2000.[dead link]
↑ "1924: THE THIRD TIME IS CHARMED". PFRA. http://www.footballresearch.com/articles/frpage.cfm?topic=1924b. Retrieved February 7, 2007.
↑ "Galloping Ghost scared opponents". ESPN.com. http://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00014213.html. Retrieved December 1, 2005.
↑ See NFL Championship Game, 1934 for more information on how the Giants wore sneakers and defeated the Bears
↑ "General History — Chronology (1940 to 1959)". Pro Football Hall of Fame. http://www.profootballhof.com/history/general/chronology/1940-1959.jsp. Retrieved January 1, 2006.
↑ "Sid Luckman". Pro Football Hall of Fame. http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.jsp?player_id=135. Retrieved July 12, 2006.
↑ the subject of the film Brian's Song
↑ "Walter Payton's Statistics". Pro Football Hall of Fame. http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.jsp?player_id=174. Retrieved June 3, 2006.
↑ "Remembering Walter Payton". Daily Herald. Archived from the original on August 13, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060813132908/http://www.dailyherald.com/special/payton/timeline.htm. Retrieved June 11, 2006.
↑ "Smith passes Payton as NFL's career rushing leader". Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/football/news/2002/10/27/smith_record_ap/. Retrieved June 16, 2006.
↑ "Ed McCaskey". Cook County Clerk. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060901175938/http://www.cookctyclerk.com/html/041503resdoc.htm. Retrieved December 13, 2006.
↑ "Mike McCaskey". ChicagoBears Official Website. http://www.chicagobears.com/tradition/history_80s.asp. Retrieved December 13, 2006.
↑ 21.0 21.1 "McCaskey". Cranes Chicago Business. http://chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/mag/article.pl?article_id=24665. Retrieved July 12, 2006.
↑ "Chicago's Most Powerful Women". Chicago Sun-Times. http://www.suntimes.com/special_sections/powerful_women/sports_mccaskey.html. Retrieved April 16, 2004.
↑ "Dave McGinnis". Bears History. http://www.bearshistory.com/seasons/1999chicagobears.aspx. Retrieved December 13, 2006.
↑ "Michael McCaskey". Cranes Chicago Business. http://chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/mag/article.pl?article_id=24665. Retrieved July 12, 2006.
↑ "Ted Phillips". Chicago Bears.com. Archived from the original on June 26, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060626100503/http://www.chicagobears.com/team/frontofficeBio.jsp?id=29. Retrieved July 12, 2006.
↑ "About the Chicago Bears". Vividseats.com. http://www.vividseats.com/nfl/chicago-bears-tickets.html. Retrieved October 16, 2006.
↑ "GameCenter: Recap — Superbowl.com". Superbowl.com. Archived from the original on January 25, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070125134400/http://www.superbowl.com/gamecenter/recap/NFL_20070121_NO@CHI. Retrieved January 21, 2007.
↑ "ESPN – Bears coach Smith, GM Angelo ink contract extensions – NFL". Sports.espn.go.com. 2007-03-01. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2783609. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
↑ "All-Time Chicago Bears Record". Pro Football Hall of Fame. http://www.profootballhof.com/history/team.jsp?franchise_id=6. Retrieved June 15, 2006.
↑ Mulligan, Mike (April 3, 2009 Many didn't know if this was the right way to go for the bears. After all Kyle Orton was having a great year.). "Bears get Cutler for two first-round picks, Orton". Chicago Sun-Times. http://www.suntimes.com/sports/football/bears/1508720,bears-cutler-040209.article. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
↑ url = http://www.chicagobreakingsports.com/2010/02/mike-martz-hired-as-bears-offensive-coordinator.html
↑ Name (2010-03-04). "Chicago Bears spend $100 on Free Agents - The Way Things Should Be". Chicagonow.com. http://www.chicagonow.com/blogs/way-things-should-be/2010/03/bears-blow-minds-spend-100-million-in-one-day.html. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
↑ "Bears defeat Seahawks to set up NFC Title showdown". chicagobears.com. http://www.chicagobears.com/news/NewsStory.asp?story_id=7496. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
↑ "Bears Minority Owners". Cranes Chicago Business. http://chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/mag/article.pl?article_id=24665. Retrieved July 12, 2006.
↑ Silver, Michael (2009-09-02). "'09 owner rankings, 17–32: Dysfunctional Davis". Yahoo! Sports. http://sports.yahoo.com/nfl/news;_ylt=Aq05aENajGTN9.DNk28SsIdDubYF?slug=ms-ownerrankingspartone09020&prov=yhoo&type=lgns. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
↑ "NFL Team Valuations". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/30/sportsmoney_nfl08_Chicago-Bears_301335.html. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
↑ Silver, Michael (July 22, 2008). "Owner rankings, 17–32: Wayne's wretched world". Yahoo! Sports. http://sports.yahoo.com/nfl/news;_ylt=AvsoBWAn5z0hKBA7xJrctGlDubYF?slug=ms-ownersrankingspartone072208&prov=yhoo&type=lgns. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
↑ "NFL Franchise Sponsors: Chicago Bears". Forbes Magazine. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2005/30/301335.html. Retrieved December 1, 2005.
↑ "Chicago Bears Feel at Home on WFLD-TV". TVweek.com. http://www.tvweek.com/news/2008/04/chicago_bears_feel_at_home_on.php. Retrieved April 23, 2008.
↑ "History of the Chicago Bears Logo". Chicago Bears. Archived from the original on May 20, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050520013751/http://www.chicagobears.com/history/uniform.jsp. Retrieved August 1, 2005.
↑ Yahoo! Sports Bears hang on against Minnesota
↑ "Jay Mohr: Breaking down the best and worst NFL uniforms". Sports Illustrated. November 9, 2005. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2005/writers/jay_mohr/11/09/mohr.sports/. Retrieved November 9, 2005.
↑ "Bears unveil new throwback uniforms". Chicago Breaking Sports. http://www.chicagobreakingsports.com/2010/04/bears-unveil-new-throwback-uniforms.html. Retrieved April 20, 2010.
↑ "Rocky". Bearshistory.com. http://www.bearshistory.com/sidelines/chicagohoneybears.aspx. Retrieved May 3, 2006.
↑ "Bearman". Bearshistory.com. http://www.bearshistory.com/sidelines/chicagohoneybears.aspx. Retrieved May 1, 2006.
↑ "Soldier Field History". BearsHistory.com. http://www.bearshistory.com/lore/soldierfieldhistory.aspx. Retrieved July 16, 2006.
↑ "Flashback: Eagles fly into fog". NFL.com. Archived from the original on October 10, 2004. http://web.archive.org/web/20041010040609/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/7730971. Retrieved September 28, 2004.
↑ "Soldier Field History". Bears History.com. http://www.bearshistory.com/lore/soldierfieldhistory.aspx. Retrieved July 16, 2006.
↑ "Soldier Field History". ChicagoBears.com. http://www.chicagobears.com/history/sf_facts.jsp. Retrieved July 16, 2006.[dead link]
↑ "Mistake on the Lake". The Times of Northwest Indiana. http://www.thetimesonline.com/articles/2003/09/30/news/top_news/965adf222a1ac3af86256db100030920.prt. Retrieved September 1, 2003.
↑ "Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties, 4/17/06 through 4/21/06". National Register of Historic Places Listings. http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20060428.HTM.
↑ "Bears History "Bits"". Bears History.com. http://www.bearshistory.com/sidelines/chicagobearshistorybits.aspx. Retrieved July 16, 2006.
↑ "Bears Midfield Logo". Bears History.com. http://www.bearshistory.com/sidelines/chicagobearshistorybits.aspx. Retrieved July 16, 2006.
↑ "New Soldier Field Art". Bears History.com. http://www.bearshistory.com/sidelines/chicagobearshistorybits.aspx. Retrieved July 16, 2006.
↑ "Brian's Song (1971)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0068315/. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
↑ "Reel Life: Brian's Song". ESPN. http://espn.go.com/page2/s/closer/021004.html. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
↑ "Top 10 Greatest NFL Team's of All-Time". WatchMojo.com. http://www.watchmojo.com/sports/football/010.php. Retrieved July 16, 2006.
↑ "These records were meant to be broken". Floridan. http://www.sptimes.com/News/012801/news_pf/Floridian/These_records_were_ma.shtml. Retrieved January 28, 2001.
↑ "Nielsen's Top 10". Nielsen Ratings. http://www.nielsenmedia.com/ratings/topnetworktelecasts.htm. Retrieved July 16, 2006.
↑ "Remembering the Super Bowl Shuffle". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page3/story?page=katcher/040825. Retrieved August 1, 2004.
↑ "Bill Swerski's Super Fans". SNL Transcripts. http://snltranscripts.jt.org/90/90jsuperfans.phtml. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
↑ "SNL Super Fans Transcripts". SNL Transcripts. http://snltranscripts.jt.org/90/90jsuperfans.phtml. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
↑ "Chris Farley". Find a Death. http://www.findadeath.com/Deceased/F/Chris%20Farley/chris_farley.htm. Retrieved July 14, 2006.
↑ "Ditka joins CBS2". CBS 2 Chicago (WBBM-TV). http://cbs2chicago.com/pressreleases/local_story_197002133.html. Retrieved July 14, 2004.[dead link]
↑ "Kicking and Screaming (2005)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0384642/. Retrieved April 12, 2008.
↑ "Urlacher's not going anywhere". USA Today. June 4, 2003. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/bears/2003-06-04-urlacher_x.htm. Retrieved June 3, 2003.
↑ Elliott, Stuart (February 24, 2004). "A Different Campaign for Nike". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/24/business/media/24adco.html?ex=1392958800&en=7886de57c2852995&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND. Retrieved February 24, 2004.[dead link]
↑ "It's Punky Brewster". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1244308/. Retrieved September 2009.
↑ "Youtube Video". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QB5SMrPM0Rw. Retrieved December 16, 2009.
↑ "Youtube Video". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNZEMeOcP1o. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
↑ "Vacation (1983) - Trivia" IMDb.com
↑ Taylor, Roy. "1985 Chicago Bears". Bearshistory.com. http://www.bearshistory.com/seasons/1985chicagobears.aspx. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 74.4 "Chicago Bears Team Records". Chicago Bears. http://org-www.chicagobears.com/history/records.jsp. Retrieved August 1, 2005.
↑ "NFL History". NFL.com. http://www.nfl.com/history/standings. Retrieved August 1, 2006.
↑ Chicagobears.com Devin Hester's NFL Career Received on September 15, 2009
↑ Super Bowl.com, Hester is Chicago's not-so-secret weapon Retrieved on February 28, 2007
↑ ESPN.com, Hester's record return pushes Bears past sleeping Giants Retrieved on March 11, 2007
↑ ESPN.com Page 2, The Damn! Moment of Week 10 Retrieved on March 11, 2007
↑ Yahoo! Sports, Indianapolis 29, Chicago 17 Retrieved on February 5, 2007
↑ "Hall of Famers by Team". Pro Football Hall of Fame. http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/teams.jsp. Retrieved February 1, 2006.
Taylor, Roy (2004). Chicago Bears History. Arcadia Publishing (SC). ISBN 0-7385-3319-X.
Chicago Bears Official Club Homepage
Chicago Bears at the National Football League Official Homepage
Chicago Bears at the Chicago Sun-Times Online Website
Chicago Bears at the Chicago Tribune Online Website
Chicago Bears History at BearsHistory.com
Chicago Bears Information at Sports E-Cyclopedia.com
v · d · eNational Football League
East North South West
Buffalo Bills Baltimore Ravens Houston Texans Denver Broncos
Miami Dolphins Cincinnati Bengals Indianapolis Colts Kansas City Chiefs
New England Patriots Cleveland Browns Jacksonville Jaguars Oakland Raiders
New York Jets Pittsburgh Steelers Tennessee Titans San Diego Chargers
Dallas Cowboys Chicago Bears Atlanta Falcons Arizona Cardinals
New York Giants Detroit Lions Carolina Panthers St. Louis Rams
Philadelphia Eagles Green Bay Packers New Orleans Saints San Francisco 49ers
Washington Football Team Minnesota Vikings Tampa Bay Buccaneers Seattle Seahawks
Seasons (by team) · Regular season · Playoffs · AFC Championship · NFC Championship · Super Bowl (champions · quarterbacks) · Pro Bowl
League Championship History: AFL Championship (1960–1969) · NFL Championship (1920–1969) · One-game playoff · Playoff Bowl
Owners · Officials · Properties · Stadiums (chronology) · Timeline · Defunct franchises · Records (individual, team, quarterback win–loss, Super Bowl) · All-Pro · Hall of Fame · Lore · Nicknames · AFL · Merger · History in Los Angeles, Toronto (Bills Series) · International Series · TV · Radio · Management Council · NFLPA · Player conduct (suspended players) · Draft · Training camp · Preseason (Hall of Fame Game, American Bowl) · Kickoff · Monday Night Football · Playoff streaks · Playoff droughts · Rivalries · Thanksgiving Classic · Christmas games · NFL Charities · Tied games · Cancelled games · Lockouts · Controversies · Cheerleading
v · d · eNational Football League Charter Members
Akron Pros • Buffalo All-Americans • Canton Bulldogs • Cleveland Tigers • Columbus Panhandles • Dayton Triangles • Decatur Staleys • Hammond Pros • Massillon Tigers • Muncie Flyers • Racine Cardinals • Rochester Jeffersons • Rock Island Independents
Articles with dead external links from September 2010

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Online questionnaires in R where answers can be conveyed among users Is there any R-package to build an online questionnaire with multiple-choice and open-ended questions whose answers can be conveyed from one user to another? Thanks a lot for your help.

A: One possibility is to use Survey Monkey for the survey itself and the Rmonkey package (https://github.com/cloudyr/Rmonkey) to analyze and report the survey results. With this approach, the user must have a Survey Monkey account, a Mashery Survey Monkey Developer account, and a registered API application.

A: You also can use limesurvey, which is free if you have a host server. With the package limer, you can import the responses to R.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


How do I configure the displayed properties of dictation layout within Philips SE Pro Transcribe/Dictate ?
How do I insert worktypes or keywords into recorded dictation properties within Philips SE Pro Transcribe/Dictate v7 when using a speechmike ?
How do I configure the hands-free mode (voice activated) within Philips SE Pro Transcribe/Dictate v7 ?
How do I create a template in Microsoft Word 2003 and use Dragon Naturally Speaking v9 to navigate through the template?
How do I create a Text & Graphics Macro in Dragon NaturallySpeaking v11?
How do I configure user-defined labels on a Philips LFH-9600 DPM within SpeechExec v5.1?
How do I create a user profile within DNS v10 using a Philips Digital Pocket Memo?


Founded in 1970 as a private company, Normandeau Associates, Inc. became employee owned in 2000. As a company, we believe that employee ownership provides us with a competitive advantage in an industry that is characterized by mergers, consolidations, and restructuring. Eligible employees are enrolled in the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) at no cost and become vested according to an annual schedule.
Our employee-owners work on some of the most challenging and rewarding projects around the US. Working at Normandeau will provide you with the opportunity to collaborate with a professional workforce of extremely talented science-based professionals. Many of our senior staff have worked together for over 25 years.


text:
Magic need to improve their defensive rebounding
By Josh Robbins
The Orlando Magic rank 29th in the NBA in defensive rebounding percentage (Julie Jacobson, Associated Press)
In the moments before the Orlando Magic defeated the Oklahoma City Thunder 121-108 Wednesday night, Magic coach Frank Vogel was asked about his team's defensive rebounding.
"We have guys that don't commit to boxing out, quite frankly," Vogel answered. "It's a little frustrating because that's a controllable element of the game, in my mind. We're coaching it and preaching it, but it's not coming fast enough for my taste.
"Combine that with the fact that we're small at most positions, even the center position. We're smaller than our opponents. So naturally we're not going to be a dominant defensive rebounding team. So we've got to do it by committee and we've got to be great with hitting people. That's one of the areas we're not physical enough."
Vogel's comments were prophetic.
The Magic allowed the Thunder to corral 21 offensive rebounds, which led to 22 second-chance points for the Thunder and threatened to swing the game in the Thunder's favor.
The struggles on the defensive boards Wednesday weren't an isolated incident.
In this video, Magic coach Frank Vogel explains how his team must proceed with Terrence Ross out with a knee injury (Josh Robbins)
Through Wednesday, the Magic ranked next to last in the NBA in defensive rebounding percentage. They had collected only 74.4 percent of all available defensive rebounds.
For comparison's sake, the NBA's best defensive rebounding team, the Houston Rockets, had collected 81.7 percent of all available defensive rebounds.
New in town
The Golden State Warriors, who will play the Magic on Friday night at Amway Center, flew in from Los Angeles on Thursday and practiced at Amway Center early Thursday night.
Klay Thompson, who has a sprained right ankle, is listed as questionable to play on Friday.
Following the practice, Stephen Curry (right hand contusion), Kevin Durant (sprained left ankle), Andre Iguodala (sore left knee), and David West (left lateral knee soreness) were upgraded to probable to play against Orlando.
Curry, Durant, Iguodala and West originally were listed as questionable to play.
"The league has actually changed the protocol in terms of how we report injuries," Warriors coach Steve Kerr said. "They just want to constantly have a heads-up on what's going on. I guess today's [initial] injury report was very alarming from what I hear. I didn't even know. I'm hearing, 'Half your team is not going to play!' I was like, 'What?' "
In this video, Orlando Magic swingman Arron Afflalo discusses the impact of Terrence Ross' injury (Josh Robbins)
Center JaVale McGee provided a moment of hilarity Thursday night.
As a few teammates were getting up shots inside Amway Center and Kerr was answering reporters' questions, McGee sat in the courtside seats across from the Magic's bench.
McGee leaned back, and his seat and the adjacent seats collapsed, causing a loud crash and prompting most people in the Warriors' traveling party to laugh.
McGee wasn't hurt.
He stood up with an ear-to-ear grin.
jrobbins@orlandosentinel.com. Read his blog at OrlandoSentinel.com/magicblog and follow him on Twitter at @JoshuaBRobbins.


for some reason i movie that i have was captured in avi format..what is the correct format for a dvd movie?
Many DVD players support avi (DivX, Xvid, etc) but if you want it to work with any player, it will need to be converted.
When burning avi movies to DVD, I use ConvertXtoDVD from VSO Software. It automatically converts it and then will burn it to disc.
ok it seemed to convert the file ok but i also have another film i want to add to the same dvd so 2 films on one dvd..i tried to use nero to do it and it saved it as a nero file then i tried to use that software u said and it wouldent work..
You can do that with ConvertXtoDVD too. You can even tell it to create a menu so you can pick which movie or just play one after another.
what format allows you to play the dvd in all players?
They also have a specific file and directory structure.


text:
Mondiali 1991 può riferirsi ai seguenti campionati mondiali sportivi disputati nel 1991:

Arrampicata
Campionato del mondo di arrampicata 1991 – 1ª edizione

Atletica leggera
Campionati del mondo di atletica leggera 1991 – 3ª edizione

Automobilismo
Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1991 – 42ª edizione

Badminton
Campionati mondiali di badminton 1991 – 7ª edizione

Biathlon
Campionati mondiali di biathlon 1991 – 29ª edizione

Bob
Campionati mondiali di bob 1991 – 43ª edizione

Calcio
Campionato mondiale di calcio femminile 1991 – 1ª edizione

Canoa
Campionati mondiali di canoa/kayak 1991 – 24ª edizione
Campionati mondiali di canoa/kayak slalom 1991 – 22ª edizione

Canottaggio
Campionati del mondo di canottaggio 1991 – 21ª edizione

Ciclismo
Campionati del mondo di ciclismo su pista 1991 – 88ª edizione
Campionati del mondo di ciclismo su strada 1991 – 64ª edizione

Ciclismo indoor
Campionati del mondo di ciclismo indoor 1991 – 36ª edizione

Ciclocross
Campionati del mondo di ciclocross 1991 – 42ª edizione

Curling
Campionato mondiale di curling maschile 1991 – 33ª edizione
Campionato mondiale di curling femminile 1991 – 13ª edizione

Duathlon
Campionati del mondo di duathlon del 1991 – 2ª edizione

Endurance
Campionato mondiale di Endurance (motociclismo) 1991 – 12ª edizione

Freestyle
Campionati mondiali di freestyle 1991 – 4ª edizione

Ginnastica artistica
Campionati mondiali di ginnastica artistica 1991 – 26ª edizione

Ginnastica ritmica
Campionati mondiali di ginnastica ritmica sportiva 1991 – 15ª edizione

Hockey su ghiaccio
Campionato mondiale di hockey su ghiaccio maschile 1991 – 55ª edizione

Hockey su pista
Campionato mondiale maschile di hockey su pista 1991 – 30ª edizione

Ironman
Campionati del mondo Ironman del 1991 – 15ª edizione

Judo
Campionati mondiali di judo 1991 – 17ª edizione

Kendo
Campionati mondiali di kendo 1991 – 8ª edizione

Lotta
Campionati mondiali di lotta 1991 – 43ª edizione

Motociclismo
Motomondiale 1991 – 43ª edizione

Motocross
Campionato mondiale di motocross 1991 – 35ª edizione

Motonautica
Campionato mondiale classe 1 offshore 1991 – 28ª edizione
Campionato mondiale formula 1 motonautica inshore 1991 – 11ª edizione

Mountain bike
Campionati del mondo di mountain bike 1991 – 2ª edizione

Netball
Campionati mondiali di netball 1991 – 8ª edizione

Nuoto
Campionati mondiali di nuoto 1991 – 6ª edizione

Pallanuoto
Campionati mondiali di pallanuoto maschile 1991 – 6ª edizione
Campionati mondiali di pallanuoto femminile 1991 – 2ª edizione

Pattinaggio artistico
Campionati mondiali di pattinaggio artistico a rotelle 1991 – 36ª edizione

Pattinaggio di figura
Campionati mondiali di pattinaggio di figura 1991 – 81ª edizione

Pattinaggio di velocità
Campionati mondiali completi di pattinaggio di velocità 1991 – 83ª edizione
Campionati mondiali di pattinaggio di velocità a rotelle 1991 – 30ª edizione

Pentathlon moderno
Campionati mondiali di pentathlon moderno 1991 – 33ª edizione

Pugilato
Campionati mondiali di pugilato dilettanti 1991 – 6ª edizione

Rally
Campionato del mondo rally 1991 – 19ª edizione

Rugby a 15
Coppa del Mondo di rugby 1991 – 2ª edizione
Coppa del Mondo di rugby femminile 1991 – 2ª edizione

Scherma
Campionato mondiale di scherma 1991 – 40ª edizione

Sci alpino
Campionati mondiali di sci alpino 1991 – 31ª edizione

Sci di fondo
Campionati mondiali di sci nordico 1991 – 38ª edizione

Short track
Campionati mondiali di short track 1991 – 16ª edizione

Skeleton
Campionati mondiali di skeleton 1991 – 4ª edizione

Slittino
Campionati mondiali di slittino 1991 – 28ª edizione

Sollevamento pesi
Campionati mondiali di sollevamento pesi 1991 – 64ª edizione maschile e 5ª femminile

Sportprototipi
Campionato del mondo sportprototipi 1991 – 20ª edizione

Superbike
Campionato mondiale Superbike 1991 – 4ª edizione

Taekwondo
Campionati mondiali di taekwondo 1991 – 10ª edizione

Tennistavolo
Campionati mondiali di tennistavolo 1991 – 41ª edizione

Tiro a volo
Campionati mondiali di tiro a volo 1991 – 24ª edizione

Tiro con l'arco
Campionati mondiali di tiro con l'arco 1991 – 36ª edizione

Trial
Campionato mondiale di trial 1991 – 17ª edizione

Triathlon
Campionati del mondo di triathlon del 1991 – 3ª edizione

Twirling
Campionati mondiali di twirling 1991 – 12ª edizione

Windsurf
Campionati mondiali di windsurf 1991 – 8ª edizione

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to remove all duplicates from a column in excel using VBA only leaving rows that have no duplicate? I'm trying to delete all duplicate values from a column of numbers in Excel.  I want the remaining column to only contain unique values from the original table.
I have tried using the RemoveDuplicates method but it only removes a single instance of a duplicate instead of all of them.
I have also tried using the following code but it has the same problem as RemoveDuplicates. I'm not sure why though since the "Unique" tag is set to "True".
{MYWORKSHEET]AdvancedFilter Action:= _
    xlFilterCopy, CopyToRange:=[MYWORKSHEET].Range("B1"), Unique:=True

I have only found one solution that should work theoretically that uses a nested For loop to iterate over every individual row and check if it is equivalent to any other row in the table. The only problem is that this crashes Excel on my machine because it has to loop so much. Is there any way to do this other than this brute force method?
Here is what I'm looking for:
|-------| |----------------| |-------------------|
| INPUT | | DESIRED OUTPUT | | WHAT I DONT WANT  |
|-------| |----------------| |-------------------|
| 11111 | |      11111     | |       11111       |
|-------| |----------------| |-------------------|
| 22222 | |      55555     | |       22222       |
|-------| |----------------| |-------------------|
| 33333 |                    |       33333       |
|-------|                    |-------------------|
| 22222 |                    |       55555       |
|-------|                    |-------------------|
| 33333 |
|-------|
| 55555 |
|-------|

A: Use the Advanced Filter with a formula criteria of, for example: =COUNTIF($A$6:$A$11,A6)=1

Result:

If you need to use a formula instead, you can do something like:
=IFERROR(INDEX(inputTbl,AGGREGATE(15,6,1/(COUNTIF(inputTbl[Input],inputTbl[Input])=1) * ROW(inputTbl)-ROW(inputTbl[#Headers]),ROWS($1:1))),"")

A: You can load the values into a dictionary and set the value of the key to false, check if the key exists and if so change the value to true. Iterate through the dictionary and only dump keys that are false.
dim mydict as object
dim iter as long
dim lastrow as long
dim cellval as string
dim dictkey as variant

set mydict = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary")

with activesheet

    lastrow = .Cells(.Rows.Count, "ColumnLetter").End(xlUp).row

    for iter = 1 to lastrow
        cellval = .cells(iter, "ColumnLetter").value
        if not mydict.exists(cellval) then
            mydict.add cellval, False
        else
            mydict(cellval) = True
        end if
    next
    iter = 1
    for each dictkey in mydict
        if mydict(dictkey) = False then
            .cells(iter, "ColumnLetter").value = dictkey
            iter = iter + 1
        end if
    next
end with

A: Well, here's a macro to actually do the deletions, or at least get you started:
Private Sub CommandButton1_Click()
    Dim celll, rng As Range
    Dim strRow, strRowList As String
    Dim strRows() As String

    Set rng = Range("a1:a" & Range("a1").End(xlDown).Row)

    For Each celll In rng
        If celll.Address = rng(1, 1).Address Then
            If celll.Value = celll.Offset(1, 0).Value Then strRow = celll.Row
        ElseIf celll.Value = celll.Offset(-1, 0).Value Or celll.Value = celll.Offset(1, 0).Value Then
            strRow = celll.Row
        End If

        If strRowList = "" Then
            strRowList = strRow
        ElseIf strRow <> "" Then
            strRowList = strRowList & "," & strRow
        End If

        strRow = ""
    Next

    MsgBox (strRowList)

    strRows() = Split(strRowList, ",")

    For i = UBound(strRows) To 0 Step -1
        Rows(strRows(i)).Delete
    Next
End Sub


UCD School of Sociology looks forward to welcoming you to Dublin on 6-9 July 2020 for the IVSA Conference 2020 on the theme of "Visualizing Social Changes: Seen and Unseen".
The conference will be hosted in UCD, Dublin. It will begin with an event on the evening of Monday 6 July and end on the afternoon of Thursday 9 July 2020. Dublin is a very popular venue, so we advise early booking to be able to attend the conference and to find accommodation.
As is traditional at IVSA Conferences, we welcome presentations with a visual bent on the theme of "Visualizing Social Changes: Seen and Unseen". A combination of visual sociology and social change provides a broad and welcoming theme. Visual sociologists have developed a specialty in visually chronicling and examining significant social changes, such as visual studies of deinidustrialization and rural decline and ethnic transitions in local neighbourhoods. While many social changes are physically, materially or socially visible and seen, others remain invisible and unseen, like changes in people's values and beliefs, for example people becoming more liberal and progressive or more illiberal and populist. Of course, even values and beliefs can be manifest, for example, symbolically in slogans and posters, socially in protests and marches, and organizationally in social movements, civil society groups and political parties. The theme of the conference is meant to encompass the variety of ways to visualize social change, seen and unseen, while also posing a response to the challenge of social changes that have emerged in societies in recent times.
We will of course let you know more nearer the time.


To everything there is a season – except tax scams – Nickel & Dime Bookkeeping, Inc.
1.Phishing: Taxpayers should watch for fake emails or websites looking to steal personal information.
3.Identity Theft: Taxpayers should be alert to tactics aimed at stealing their identities.
4.Return Preparer Fraud: Most tax professionals provide honest, high-quality service. However, there are some dishonest preparers who scam clients.
5.Fake Charities: Groups masquerading as charitable organizations solicit donations from unsuspecting contributors.
6.Inflated Refund Claims: Taxpayers should be wary of anyone promising inflated tax refunds.
7.Excessive Claims for Business Credits: Taxpayers should avoid improperly claiming the fuel tax credit.
8.Falsely Padding Deductions on Returns: Taxpayers should avoid the temptation to falsely inflate deductions or expenses on their tax returns.
10.Frivolous Tax Arguments: Some taxpayers use frivolous tax arguments to avoid paying tax.
11.Abusive Tax Shelters: Taxpayers who use abusive tax structures do so to avoid paying taxes.
12.Offshore Tax Avoidance: It's a bad bet to hide money and income offshore.


Dr Katy Hayward gives an outline of what border controls could mean for different types of border with the EU after Brexit.
This is a pared-back and simplified overview of complex matters. It is the second draft of a work in progress. The author welcomes corrections, comments and suggestions.
To download the slides, please click here.
Slide 1 shows the different scale of customs controls on the movement of goods across an EU border, depending on the trade relationship a country has with the EU.
Slide 2 shows what customs controls mean in practice for operators and customs agencies.
Slide 3 shows what technology can do at a border and what is still nonetheless required to enforce a customs border.
Slide 4 shows the possible scenarios for UK/EU, GB/NI and NI/IRL border in light of the UK/EU Joint Report of 8 December 2017.
Viewed from England it is all essentially hearsay what happens now at the land border between northern ireland and the irish republic. As I understand there were still routine border checks after the UK and ireland both joined the eEc and its customs union, until the advent of the EU single market was deemed to make them unnecessary. Is that correct? And is it the case that there now never any checks at the crossings, or is it just that there are no routine checks and no random checks but there are sometimes still intelligence driven checks? if so what was the indispensable change which took place, the beneficial effect of which could perhaps be replicated in another way for after the uk has left the EU and its customs union and single market? is the eu assuming that once out of the Eu the uk will be deliberately sending defective or illicit goods across the border which will have to be intercepted by the irish authorities? If the uk is sufficiently trusted to uphold eu law in that regard now, so there is little or no need for any checks at the border, why should the eu suppose that the UK will become untrustworthy once it has left?
Have a look at the border.
THere's nothing there. And as for why the UK may become untrustworthy, have you been following the English newspapers at all?
according to that view of the border, it looks like there are cameras there already??
AS FOR EU LAW, I DON'T THINK IT'S A QUESTION OF the uk 'UPHOLDING' EU LAW or otherwise, SO MUCH AS CONFORMING TO the effect of EU LAWS WITH UK LAWS OF EQUIVALENT EFFECT, AS WOULD BE THE CASE WITH ANY comprehensive FTA.
CANADA DOES NOT really transpose EU LAW into its law and vice versa but an agreement on mutual recognition of conformity assessments on manufactured product safety etc is part of ceta. THAT DOES NOT MEAN ZERO CHECKS BUT IT DOES MINIMISE THEM for a huge array of goods, as does the removal of 99% of customs duties. (rules of origin complicate things but ceta has 'cumulation' agreements which mitigates this to an extent) the terms of a UK-EU FTA will establish how many checks are needed, where they take place, how they are carried out, by whom, etc. it is this process which will establish the level of friction as it will establish to what extent rules will diverge from the start (at which point there is no difference in rules on product standards) and how divergence will be 'managed' in future. the devil will very much be in the detail!
which is why it makes sense to discuss the future trade relationship at the same time as the irish border question. the issues are inseparable.
plenty of people may not like brexit and the uk govt's pursuit of it, and that's understandable, but what makes Canada more trustworthy than the uk on conformity to rules on product safety etc?


text:
package jp.co.exacorp.matchingapp.util;

import javax.json.Json;
import javax.json.JsonArrayBuilder;
import javax.json.JsonObjectBuilder;

public class MessageAPIUtil {
	/**
	 * imageを返す
	 *
	 * @param url
	 *            画像URL
	 * @param preUrl
	 *            サムネ画像URL
	 * @return これ返せばメッセージになる
	 */
	public static JsonObjectBuilder giveImg(String url, String preUrl) {
		JsonObjectBuilder actJob = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.TYPE, LINEConstants.IMAGE);
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.ORG_CONTENT_URL, url);
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.PRE_IMG_URL, preUrl);
		return actJob;
	}

	/**
	 * ボタン作成 imageurlとtitleは必須でないため、ブランクの場合には未指定とする
	 *
	 * @param imageurl
	 *            画像URL
	 * @param title
	 *            タイトル
	 * @param text
	 *            テキスト画像もタイトルも指定しない場合:160文字以内、画像またはタイトルを指定する場合:60文字以内
	 * @param action
	 *            各ボタンのアクション
	 * @return ボタン
	 */
	public static JsonObjectBuilder giveButton(String altText, String imageurl,
			String title, String text, JsonArrayBuilder action) {
		JsonObjectBuilder actJob = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.TYPE, LINEConstants.TEMPLATE);
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.ALTTEXT, altText);

		JsonObjectBuilder template = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		template.add(LINEConstants.TYPE, LINEConstants.BUTTON);
		if (!imageurl.isEmpty()) {
			template.add(LINEConstants.THUMB_URL, imageurl);
		}
		if (!title.isEmpty()) {
			template.add(LINEConstants.TITLE, title);
		}
		template.add(LINEConstants.TEXT, text);
		template.add(LINEConstants.ACTIONS, action);

		actJob.add(LINEConstants.TEMPLATE, template);
		return actJob;
	}

	/**
	 * confirm作成
	 *
	 * @param altText
	 *            代替文字列
	 * @param text
	 *            上に書く文字列
	 * @param action
	 *            makeMessage4Action, makeURI4Actionどちらかかな
	 * @return JOB
	 */
	public static JsonObjectBuilder giveConfirm(String altText, String text,
			JsonArrayBuilder action) {
		JsonObjectBuilder actJob = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.TYPE, LINEConstants.TEMPLATE);
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.ALTTEXT, altText);

		JsonObjectBuilder template = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		template.add(LINEConstants.TYPE, LINEConstants.CONFIRM);
		template.add(LINEConstants.TEXT, text);
		template.add(LINEConstants.ACTIONS, action);

		actJob.add(LINEConstants.TEMPLATE, template);
		return actJob;
	}

	/**
	 * アクション用メッセージ
	 *
	 * @param label
	 *            ボタン表示ラベル
	 * @param text
	 *            送信するテキスト
	 * @return アクション
	 */
	public static JsonObjectBuilder makeMessage4Action(String label, String text) {
		JsonObjectBuilder actJob = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.TYPE, LINEConstants.MESSAGE);
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.LABEL, label);
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.TEXT, text);
		return actJob;
	}

	/**
	 * アクション用URL
	 *
	 * @param label
	 *            ボタン表示ラベル
	 * @param text
	 *            送信するテキスト
	 * @return アクション
	 */
	public static JsonObjectBuilder makeURI4Action(String label, String uri) {
		JsonObjectBuilder actJob = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.TYPE, LINEConstants.URI);
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.LABEL, label);
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.URI, uri);
		return actJob;
	}

	/**
	 * 普通のメッセージ
	 *
	 * @param message
	 *            文章
	 * @return メッセ
	 */
	public static JsonObjectBuilder giveMessage(String message) {
		JsonObjectBuilder job = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		job.add("type", "text");
		job.add("text", message);
		return job;
	}

	/**
	 * @param url
	 *            元のURL
	 * @param duration
	 *            長さ
	 * @return audioメッセ
	 */
	public static JsonObjectBuilder giveAudio(String url, String duration) {
		JsonObjectBuilder actJob = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.TYPE, LINEConstants.AUDIO);
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.ORG_CONTENT_URL, url);
		actJob.add(LINEConstants.DURATION, duration);
		return actJob;
	}

	public static String makeRequestJson(String replyToken,
			JsonArrayBuilder mesJab) {
		JsonObjectBuilder job = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		job.add("replyToken", replyToken);
		job.add("messages", mesJab);
		return job.build().toString();
	}

	/**
	 * カルーセル用のカラム作成
	 *
	 * @param thumbUrl
	 * @param title
	 * @param text
	 * @param actions
	 * @return
	 */
	public static JsonObjectBuilder giveColumns4Carousel(String thumbUrl,
			String title, String text, JsonArrayBuilder actions) {
		JsonObjectBuilder column = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		column.add(LINEConstants.THUMB_URL, thumbUrl);
		column.add(LINEConstants.TITLE, title);
		column.add(LINEConstants.TEXT, text);
		column.add(LINEConstants.ACTIONS, actions);
		return column;
	}

	/**
	 * @param altText
	 * @param columns
	 *            JsonArrayBuilder
	 * @return
	 */
	public static JsonObjectBuilder giveCarousel(String altText,
			JsonArrayBuilder columns) {
		JsonObjectBuilder carousel = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		carousel.add(LINEConstants.TYPE, LINEConstants.TEMPLATE);
		carousel.add(LINEConstants.ALTTEXT, altText);
		JsonObjectBuilder template = Json.createObjectBuilder();
		template.add(LINEConstants.TYPE, LINEConstants.CAROUSEL);
		template.add(LINEConstants.COLUMNS, columns);
		carousel.add(LINEConstants.TEMPLATE, template);
		return carousel;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package top.limitart.game.org.exception;

public class JobNotExistException extends Exception {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

}


text:
Wellington Rocha (nacido el 4 de octubre de 1990) es un futbolista timorense que se desempeña como defensa.

En 2014, Wellington Rocha jugó 4 veces para la selección de fútbol de Timor Oriental.

Trayectoria

Clubes

Selección nacional

Estadística de equipo nacional

Referencias

Futbolistas de Timor Oriental
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Timor Oriental
Futbolistas del Marília Atlético Clube
Futbolistas del FC Gifu
Nacidos en São Paulo


text:
+92-51-2250737 | +92-51-9260693 Ext: 220
Overview of IRD
IRD Governing Council
IRD Team
IRD Fellows
IRD Collaborations
English Publications
Urdu Publications
National Outreach Programs
International Outreach Programs
National & International Conferences
Training / Workshops
Seminars / Symposiums / Lectures
MOUs with National & International Universities
Networking with Civil Society
ED as Keynote Speaker
Inaugural Ceremonies
Rights of the Child in Islam "Theory, Mechanisms, Practices and Convention on the Rights of the child"
Author: Muhammad Munir Ahmad
Price in US$: 15
Rights of the Child in Islam "Theory, Mechanisms, Practices and Convention on the Rights of the child" quantity
Category: English
"In Pakistan, too, many children are left helpless, out of school domestic or bonded laborers, Victims of trafficking, malnourished and without access to water or proper healthcare. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Munir quite evidently shows where the onus to uphold these rights lies on the state, and where their responsibility to protect children from oppressive societal forces begins."
"Rights of the child in Islam:
Theory, Mechanisms, Practices, and Convention on the Rights of the Child is a complete book that tackles the various scopes that the subject brings, providies a fresh perspective and resonates impressively with the world today. The work is a brilliant edition to the archive of the great thinkers of Islam."
Justice (R) Ali Nawaz Chowhan
This work attempts to discuss the rights of the child in Islam to caring, fostering and suckling. The work also highlights child's rights to be loved, right to life, health and education. Some other rights of the child such as the right to play, recreational activities, privacy, and decision making and respecting their views are also discussed in detail. The book describes rights of all children including orphans, step children and illegitimate children, In addition, the book presents duties of children towards their parents and parents towards their children under Islamic law. It depicts a comprehensive picture of some other aspects relating to child's right such as relations between children and their peers and impacts of neglecting child. The work also address the question whether there is any basis under Islamic law for female genital mutilation or FGM. It also takes into account several questions such as; what are the principles of Islamic law for child rearing; how should parents be responsible and accountable for ignoring their children; what is the role of the state in child protection; and what are the duties of a Muslim state in child protection?
Be the first to review "Rights of the Child in Islam "Theory, Mechanisms, Practices and Convention on the Rights of the child"" Cancel reply
Political Leadership, Military Interventions and Democratization in Turkey and Pakistan
₨ 400 ₨ 250 Sale!
Dailogue & its Impact on Promoting National Unity
Post-Islamism: "Islamic Social Movements in the Era of Neoliberal Globalization" (Second Edition)
Madrasah-Extremism Nexus: Context and Contemporary Debates
The IRD has won a respectable place as a global center of excellence and as an open forum for creative work, candid conversation, and lively debates on issues of contemporary relevance to Islamic societies.
International Islamic University Faisal Mosque Old Campus, IRD department, Room: 49, Sector E-8, Islamabad.
Ext: 220
Web: www.ird.iiu.edu.pk
© Copyright - Iqbal International Institute for Research & Dialogue
Political Leadership, Military Interventions and Democratization in Turkey and... Shari'a Today: "Essays on Contemporary Issues and Debates in Muslim...