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Home > Spotlights > Homeland Security > Mumbai 26/11: Islamabad's brazen attack
Mumbai 26/11: Islamabad's brazen attack
By B Raman
Issue Book Excerpt: Mumbai 26/11 | Date : 26 Nov , 2019
The war of civilization between the Muslims and the infidels has begun in Indian territory.
So said the first statement issued in the name of the so-called Indian Mujahideen (IM) in November, 2007, after three orchestrated explosions in three towns of Uttar Pradesh outside local courts.
Intelligence agencies of India as well as the US had reportedly detected chatter in the jihadi circles in Pakistan about the plans of the LeT to attempt a sea-borne terrorist strike in Mumbai.
We saw the latest round of this war in Mumbai from the night of November 26 to 29, 2008.
A group of 10 terrorists belonging to the Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) of Pakistan clandestinely sailed into Mumbai from Karachi in a hijacked Indian fishing trawler, landed in an inflated rubber dinghy in the darkness of early night, launched commando-style attacks in some sea front areas of the city and targeted with frightening precision two five-star hotels preferred by the rich of the country, foreign tourists and businessmen, a Jewish religious-cum-cultural centre, a railway station, a hospital and other places scattered across or near the sea front of this business capital of India.
It was not just 9/11. It was not just Madrid, March, 2004. It was not just London, July, 2005.
It was an act of terrorism the like of which the world had not seen before. It was a mix of a commando-style raid, typical of military special forces and terrorist attacks typical of the LeT. It was an operation conceived, planned and executed by a mix of military and terrorist brains.
The mind boggled as one tried to think and figure out how the terrorists could have planned and carried out terrorist strikes of such magnitude, territorial spread and ferocity without our intelligence and police having been able to get scent of it. Like what the Vietcong did during the Tet offensive in Vietnam.
Everyone connected with counter-terrorism in the Governments of India and Maharashtra was taken by surprise despite many indicators since November, 2007, that an iceberg of jihadi terrorism was on the move.
The iceberg moved from UP to Jaipur.
From Jaipur to Bangalore.
From Bangalore to Ahmedabad and Surat.
From there to Delhi.
It ultimately turned out that it was not this iceberg which hit Mumbai on November 26, 2008. It was a different iceberg, which moved directly from Karachi. Yet, in view of the repeated terrorist strikes in different parts of the country since the suburban train blasts in Mumbai in July, 2006, one would have expected the entire counter-terrorism machinery all over the country to have been in a heightened state of alert.
Particularly in Mumbai — which had seen two acts of mass casual terrorism originating from Pakistan in March, 1993 and in July, 2006. Some of the Information Technology (IT) experts of the Indian Mujahideen had also been arrested in Mumbai. Despite this, every one responsible for counter-terrorism was caught napping once again.
A National Security Guard commando sprints towards the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower hotel for a better position, November 28.
It was not as if no intelligence was available. Intelligence agencies of India as well as the US had reportedly detected chatter in the jihadi circles in Pakistan about the plans of the LeT to attempt a sea-borne terrorist strike in Mumbai. The Taj Mahal Hotel, which was one of the two hotels attacked, had actually figured in the list of likely targets of the LeT.
Despite this, physical security, which is the basis of effective counter-terrorism, was found wanting.
Coastal surveillance and security against likely terrorist intrusions by sea was found wanting.
Alertness in the hotels attacked was found wanting.
The 10 terrorists, who sailed from Karachi to Mumbai to spread death and destruction, maintained communications with their controlling officers in Pakistan… They were not worried over the dangers of their communications being intercepted.
The available intelligence might not have been complete in all respects, but it did provide a wake-up call, which was not heeded.
The Government of India had reacted to the repeated warning signals in the same way the Bush Administration had reacted to reports about the plans of Al Qaeda for an act of aviation terrorism in the US.
In the same way Megawati Sukarnoputri, former President of Indonesia, had reacted to reports about the activities of the Jemmah Islamiyah.
In the same way Khalida Zia, former Prime Minister of Bangladesh, had reacted to reports about the plans of the Jamiat-ul-Mujahideen to organize terrorist strikes in Bangladesh.
It just did nothing.
It was more interested in making peace with Pakistan than in protecting the lives and property of the people of India.
It was more interested in cultivating the so-called Muslim vote bank than in ensuring effective security for the citizens of India.
The country paid a heavy price for its inaction and ambivalence on the issue of terrorism.
One hundred and sixty-six persons — Indian civilians, brave officers and foreign nationals — paid with their lives for its inaction.
There was a big question mark over India's counter-terrorism capability. For the first time, questions were raised abroad about the ability of the Indian State to protect the lives and property of foreign nationals.
Hundreds of Indian civilians — men, women and children — had been killed by Pakistan-sponsored and aided terrorists since 1981, when terrorism made its appearance in India in a big way with the launching of the so-called Khalistan movement by a group of terrorists in Punjab.
But hardly less than 10 foreigners had been killed by terrorists of various hues during the long history of terrorism in Indian territory — if one excludes the foreigners who died when the Babbar Khalsa blew up an aircraft of Air India (named Kanishka) off the Irish coast in June, 1985.
But more foreigners — 25 — were killed by the terrorists of the LeT in Mumbai between November 26 and 29, 2008, than the number killed by different terrorist organizations between 1981 and 2008.
It was a pre-planned and precisely executed attack on India.
It was an attack on India's business and financial capital.
It was an attack on foreign businessmen and investors who come to India to do business.
It was an attack on Israelis and other Jewish people who feel an instinctive sympathy for India because like India, Israel too has been a major victim of a jihadi terrorism of a brutal kind.
It was their ideology emanating from mosques such as Binori in Karachi, which started motivating the post-9/11 global jihad.
It was an attack on nationals of Western countries, which were involved in the war against Al Qaeda and the Taliban in the Pakistan–Afghanistan region.
According to the final investigation report submitted by the Mumbai Police to the trial court, the terrorists killed six from Israel, three each from the US and Germany, two each from Canada and Australia and one each from the UK, France, Belgium, Italy, Thailand, Singapore, Japan, Malaysia and Mauritius.
It was a brazen attack carried out without any regard for communications security. The 10 terrorists, who sailed from Karachi to Mumbai to spread death and destruction, maintained communications with their controlling officers in Pakistan with their own telephones as well as with cellular phones, which they had seized from those held hostage by them. They were not worried over the dangers of their communications being intercepted.
They were not interested in ensuring the deniability of the Pakistani hand in the strike or of the identity of the LeT, which masterminded the attack. It was as if they wanted the entire world to know that a jihadi terrorist superstar has arrived.
As competent as Al Qaeda.
As well-motivated as Al Qaeda
As resourceful and innovative as Al Qaeda.
The world woke up with a shudder to the reality of the emergence of a new global terrorist organization, which could threaten international peace and security in the years to come.
Those who had been following the terrorist scene in Pakistan since 2002 would not have been surprised. There were enough indicators to warn that Al Qaeda was grooming the LeT to exercise the command and control of the global jihad since Al Qaeda found its movements and operational maneuverability restricted by the post 9/11 surveillance and security measures against it.
To share the leadership of the global jihad, Al Qaeda needed another organization about which the West knew little so that it could operate globally without major difficulties. The LeT footed the bill.
Till 2001, the West had looked upon the LeT as a purely Kashmir-centric organization, which threatened Indian lives and property, but not Western lives and property.
Our warnings regarding the pernicious nature of the LeT and the dangers it posed to the world were dismissed derisively as motivated by our dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir.
As a result, Western intelligence agencies paid very little attention to the LeT. Even the fact that Abu Zubaidah, the then No. 3 of Al Qaeda, was arrested from a safe-house of the LeT in Faislabad in Pakistani Punjab in March, 2002, did not sound a wake-up call in the West. "The LeT is India's headache, not ours." So they thought.
From 2003, sleeper cells of the LeT were discovered in the US, the UK, France, Australia and other countries. In subsequent months, there were traces of the LeT in Singapore. The LeT set up overseas bases in Saudi Arabia and Dubai to co-ordinate fund collection and its operations in India.
Still, the monitoring of the LeT received very low priority from the Western intelligence agencies.
But attitudes started changing after the London blasts of July, 2005. There was no evidence of any LeT involvement in the London blasts. But, the Pakistani suicide bombers, who carried out the blasts, had been trained in secret training camps in Pakistan.
Who trained them? Al Qaeda? The LeT? The Jaish-e-Mohammad? Nobody was certain. But almost all experts were convinced that a new brand of terrorists of Pakistani origin had started replacing the old brand of Arab terrorists, who spearheaded the pre-2005 global jihad.
It was no longer only the Salafis of the Arab world, who had to be feared. It was also the Wahabised Deobandis and Ahle Hadiths of Pakistan. It was their ideology emanating from mosques such as Binori in Karachi, which started motivating the post-9/11 global jihad.
We in India had known this for quite some time, but not the experts and policy-makers of the West. Our warnings regarding the pernicious nature of the LeT and the dangers it posed to the world were dismissed derisively as motivated by our dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir. The LeT was seen merely through the Kashmir prism.
The world was surprised and shocked. So were we despite our extensive knowledge of the LeT.
But some started taking the LeT more seriously. They began seeing it as a global threat and not a threat directed merely at India.
The first evidence of this change in the attitude to the LeT was noticed at a special session on the London blasts organized during the annual conference of the Institute for Counter-Terrorism of Herzliya, Israel, in September, 2005. I was invited to be one of the speakers in the session. I could hardly believe my ears as I heard some of the speakers drawing attention to the dangers posed by the LeT.
On my return from Herzliya, I wrote as follows: "India is no longer alone in the fight against the LeT… Other countries of the world have been paying increasing attention to the activities of the pro-Al Qaeda Pakistani jihadi terrorist organizations such as the LeT, the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM), the Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (HUJI) and the Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) in Indian territory and their implications for their national security. This became evident during the fifth International Conference on the Global Impact of Terrorism organized by the world-famous Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT) of Herzliya, Israel, from September 11 to 14, 2005. In his introductory remarks at the Panel on September 14, 2005, Mr. Shabtai Shavit, former Director-General of the MOSSAD, the Israeli external intelligence agency, made a reference to the activities of the LeT in the context of the international fight against Al Qaeda and Dr. Bruce Hoffman, who is considered the world's leading authority on Al Qaeda, inter alia, highlighted the role and the activities of the LeT during his presentation."
After 2005, the world was no longer unaware of the potential and threat of the LeT as a global terrorist organization following in the footsteps of Al Qaeda. But even this growing awareness had not prepared India and the rest of the world for the kind of complex, multi-target, multi-modus operandi commando style attack that the LeT carried out in Mumbai in November, 2008.
The LeT's evolution from a sub-continental to a global jihadi terrorist organization was there for all the world to see as people saw with shock and disbelief live transmissions of the terrorist strikes on their TV screens with live commentaries by TV reporters.
Read Next :
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The views expressed are of the author and do not necessarily represent the opinions or policies of the Indian Defence Review.
B Raman
Former, Director, Institute for Topical Studies, Chennai & Additional Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat. He is the author of The Kaoboys of R&AW, A Terrorist State as a Frontline Ally, INTELLIGENCE, PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE, Mumbai 26/11: A Day of Infamy and Terrorism: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow.
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3 thoughts on "Mumbai 26/11: Islamabad's brazen attack"
leo-7 on December 16, 2014 at 1:57 pm said:
DESPITE BRILLIANT MINDS ONEFAILS TO UNDERSTAND WHY DO THE RAW AND IB AND STATE POLICE DO NOT HAVE MUSLIM INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS AND RANKS LED BY MUSLIMS TO PENETRATE THESE JIHADI BINORI MASJIDS AND NEUTRALISED AND DESTROYED BEFORE THEY CAN COMMIT MAYHEM AND MURDER .
PATROITIC MUSLIMS MUST BE MOBILSED INTO RAW AND IB SEPERATE CADRES AND DEPTS AWAY FROM CENTRE OF THINGS AND ALLOWED TO INDEPENDANTLY FUNCTIONTO PENETRATE AND DESTROY ALL JIHADI CELLS WITHIN AND OUTSIDE THE COUNTRY .
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Ravindra Chaturvedi on November 27, 2014 at 4:20 pm said:
Mr. Raman, I knew what to expect from this piece as soon as I read the caption, "The war of civilization between the Muslims and the infidels has begun in Indian territory." Such a simplistic, convenient reduction of a complex matter pertaining to relationships between states into a simple binary 'Good Religion vs Bad Religion' 'Our Civilization vs Enemy Civilization' logical paradigm is unbecoming of a former Spymaster. I am sorry to say, but there is no surprise our country has failed to detect so many external threats, if our intelligence agencies are led by such thought-processes.
Mchand on November 24, 2013 at 10:03 am said:
I fully agree with Mr. Raman's assessment but beg to differ with the notion that this was primarily a LeT terrorist operation. This is the line that was promoted by the Indian Security apparatus to avoid retaliation against the Pakistani military which was directly behind the operation. It gave the Indian establishment cover in pursuing legal diplomacy waste-of-time with Pakistan, preventing any military to military response and avoiding hard decisions, such as an attack on the terrorist training centers in Pakistan. Why? The Indian leaders have proven out to be spineless again and again. While they can pontificate higher ideals, all they have accomplished is proved to the Pakistani military that their project Mumbai was a success and unintentionally encouraged the enemy to plan even a bigger mission next time. It should be repeated unmistakenly that 26/11 was a Pakistani military operation, well though out, well planned and resourced right up to the death of the last man in the team. If they were on the Indian side, they would earn a VIR Chakra. The leaders of India deserve to be paraded in the street with garlands of shoes.
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One where the other person leaves me the hell alone.
2. Why is it called a "drive-through" if you have to stop?
The last time I went to the Park-up at Dunkin' Donuts in my town, I ordered a Pepsi with a small cup of ice. You'd be surprised how many questions they ask after I order and how often they get it wrong.
Labrador retriever. They are blessed with short hair and a good temperament.
I would move to Connecticut or Rhode Island.
My parents never divorced, my mother cared more for her children than herself and nobody was an alcoholic.
I've been sleeping less and less. And I have a headache to show for it.
Argggh! I have to work.
Honestly? Grilled or fried, I'll take either one. Especially if you grill or fry it.
#5 made my heart hurt for your childhood.
#2 - I am so with you! Nothing's more frustrating to get home and the order be wrong, especially if they left out a major item.
#12 -- you are NOT!


Superficial leg veins, sometimes called "spider veins" occur when tiny veins congregate below the surface of the skin, causing red, blue or purple discolorations. Spider veins get their name from the shape of the discolorations. Some cases of spider veins can be quite small. Others are more noticeable. They may make you feel self-conscious, but they are harmless, and any treatment is usually done for cosmetic reasons only.
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Sagia Imports Look To Be Done?
223/556 mags for modified Saiga?
Need your Help! I need a complete Saiga bolt in .308 or the Shell!
old school brake on new saiga???
wheres all the info on Folding stock?
Santa With His New Saiga!


text:
The Campaign Unfiltered
Ridings to Watch
Canadians Speak
Riding to Watch: Vancouver Granville BC
WATCH ABOVE: CPAC's Ed Watson reports from Vancouver Granville
Can former Liberal justice minister Jody Wilson-Raybould can get herself re-elected as an independent?
Wilson-Raybould's exit from the Liberal party, along with that of her colleague Jane Philpott, was the culmination of the SNC-Lavalin scandal that rocked Parliament Hill and kept Canadians riveted for months.
Taleeb Noormohamed, a hi-tech entrepreneur, is the Liberal candidate this time. Former ministerial aide Zach Segal is the Conservative and climate activist Yvonne Hanson is running for the NDP.
IN 2015:
Jody Wilson-Raybould (Liberal) won with 43.9% support — and a 17.1% margin of victory (12,784 votes) over NDP runner-up Mira Oreck
Vancouver Granville was the 192nd closest race out of all 338 ridings
Voter turnout was 66.2%
THE RIDING IN NUMBERS (CENSUS 2016):
SIZE: 22.4 km2
POPULATION: 103,456 people in 2016: a change of 3.6% from 2011. The average age is 41.7, with 11.1% age 14 and under and 15.8% 65 and older.
CITIZENSHIP: 85.5% are Canadian citizens. 40.8% are immigrants. 1.5% indicated Aboriginal identity. 47.9% are visible minorities. 46.4% are 1st generation Canadians. 25.6% are 2nd generation. 28.1% are 3rd generation and older.
HOUSING: The average home value in 2016 was $1,724,518. Renters paid an average of $1342 per month, with 7.3% in subsidized housing. 18.5% of dwellings are single-detached houses; 34.1% are condos. 6.1% of all homes were built between 2011 and 2016.
INCOME: Median total income in 2015 was $38,101. 18.6% of people were classified as low-income (after tax) — 20.2% of children and 17.3% of seniors.
IDENTITY: Top reported ethnic origins are Chinese: 32475 / English: 20620 / Scottish: 14960 / Irish: 13565 / Canadian: 12605
IMMIGRATION: China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Philippines, United Kingdom are the top birth origins for immigrants. China is the top origin for recent immigrants (2011 to 2016).
LANGUAGE: Mandarin, Cantonese, Spanish, Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino), and Japanese are the most common non-official languages. Official Mother Tongues: 55.1% English and 1.6% French.
EDUCATION: 7.7% have no degree, diploma, or certificate. 48.5% have a university bachelor's degree or above.
-Compiled by Andrew Thomson
Campaign Recap - Atlantic Region
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DeSantis: 'Big Tech Has Become The Censorship Arm Of The Democratic Party'
By Dillon Burroughs
Dec 2, 2021 DailyWire.com
Paul Hennessy/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis called out Big Tech's censorship of conservatives following the release of a new Heritage Foundation video that noted the vast disparity of censorship between Republican and Democratic House members.
"Big Tech has become the censorship arm of the Democratic Party and political left, silencing and de-platforming anyone who rejects the chosen left-wing narrative," DeSantis said on Twitter on Thursday.
"Silicon Valley oligarchs shouldn't be the arbiters of free speech in our country. We must fight back!" he added.
Big Tech has become the censorship arm of the Democratic Party and political left, silencing and de-platforming anyone who rejects the chosen left-wing narrative.
Silicon Valley oligarchs shouldn't be the arbiters of free speech in our country. We must fight back! https://t.co/7x3UZGDlrT
— Ron DeSantis (@RonDeSantisFL) December 2, 2021
The post shared a video by Kara Frederick, a research fellow at the Heritage Foundation, who testified in a hearing before the Communications and Technology Subcommittee of House Energy and Commerce Committee on Wednesday on Capitol Hill.
"Twitter and Facebook censor Republican members of Congress at a rate of 53 to 1 compared to Democrats," Frederick said.
"Twitter suspends conservatives 21 times more often than liberals," she added.
The September study she cited also noted:
But besides censoring those Republicans already in Congress, Big Tech has also reportedly taken measures that impact new Republicans attempting to join the legislative body. Republican candidates running for U.S. Congress have been censored at least 15 times since November of 2019. Free Speech America could not find a single example of Democrat candidates facing censorship.
Frederick worked at Facebook from 2016 to 2017 and helped develop its Global Security Counterterrorism Analysis Program. She believed she was helping improve democracy.
"But I was wrong, it's 2021, and the verdict is in: Big Tech is an enemy of the people," she said.
In her testimony, Frederick also cited an October study that said, "The Wall Street Journal published leaked documents that revealed Facebook created and used two internal tools that suppressed right wing content, media traffic, and reach on its site in the aftermath of Donald Trump's 2016 presidential victory. Facebook's research concluded that if the tools were removed, 'very conservative' traffic would increase by tens of percentages."
DeSantis signed a bill in May to ban social media companies from deplatforming political candidates. The law stated, "Social media platforms that unfairly censor, shadowban, deplatform, or apply post-prioritization algorithms to Florida candidates, Florida users, or Florida residents are not acting in good faith. … Social media platforms have unfairly censored, shadow banned, deplatformed, and applied post-prioritization algorithms to Floridians."
In July, The Daily Wire reported that a federal judge appointed by former President Bill Clinton issued a preliminary injunction blocking the Florida law.
In his injunction, U.S. District Judge Robert Hinkle argued that banning "de-platforming" likely violated the free speech rights of the tech companies, writing, "The legislation compels providers to host speech that violates their standards — speech they otherwise would not host — and forbids providers from speaking as they otherwise would."
He added sarcastically, "Like prior First Amendment restrictions, this is an instance of burning the house to roast a pig. … Balancing the exchange of ideas among private speakers is not a legitimate governmental interest. And even aside from the actual motivation for this legislation, it is plainly content-based and subject to strict scrutiny," NBC News reported.


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When you talk about a product, link to it. Share your thoughts on the product or illustrate the benefits of the product directly related to what you're talking about.
Link to valuable resources. If there is a resource your readers will benefit from, feel free to link to it. Linking to other content makes you a source of valuable information and can open the door to relationships with other content creators, which in turn, could mean promotion for your own content.
A call-to-action is not a keyword link. In pursuit of traffic from search engines, many content writers simply link the phrase they're talking about. For example, they might have something like "I have a website about rose gardening," but there is no call to action. A call to action would be "Click here to get your free rose gardening guide."
Don't make people guess: It's always surprising how many people think if they put content on their website, their visitors will automatically find their newsletter sign up box or will find the products they have to offer. Your readers run busy lives and have other things on their minds besides your business…if you have something to offer them, ALWAYS tell them and tell them in context. Never rely on your side bars and website navigation to do your selling. People are reading your content, not looking at your lovely navigation bar.
The thing about content marketing is that the more you do it and the more you do it strategically, the more benefits you will reap. This doesn't mean you have to pump out article after article, in the hopes of a few clicks, but it does mean you need a plan.
You will always have an available supply of content ideas.
Content can be published for you on a regular basis, without too much effort of your own.
You shape content around your product launches and other projects. A well-planned product launch and promotion should always be done in conjunction with your content planning.
Will you write the content yourself?
Will you hire a ghostwriter?
Will you use private label rights content (PLR)?
Will you use guest authors?
Will you hire staff writers?
Will you use reader/customer-generated content?
Recommended: Will you use a combination of ALL of the above as you grow your content marketing plan?
That doesn't mean you can't write about other topics when the idea strikes you, but it does mean that you are always prepared to publish plenty of content.
Assign the topics. Now that you have a great list of content topics, it's time to assign the work. Decide which topics you will tackle, for which you'll hire a ghostwriter and which might be handled by your guest authors.
Don't worry if you don't have a ghostwriter or guest author at this point (or don't know what these terms mean, they're in the student glossary), we will be covering that in upcoming lessons.
For now, it's important that you regularly come up with plenty of topics, so you can breeze through your content creation…even if you are doing it on your own for now.
When people think of content marketing, they think of a variety of things…but many publishers corner themselves into sticking to one type of publishing. For example, some just do videos. Others just write articles.
If you focus on a variety of formats, the benefits are huge. Just think if you publish content in a variety of formats, you have the ability to reach more of your target audience. When you give them choices, they can choose their method of consuming your content and you can reach them through different areas of the web that your target market frequents.
Different formats serve different purposes for your readers as well. For example, a report is to consume information, but a spreadsheet or worksheet allows people to apply the information they learn. Think about different ways you can serve your audience's needs.
Reports & White Papers: Short reports focused on a particular subject or problem that your target market has.
Articles: Topic focused content that is published on a variety of web pages.
Blog Posts: Similar to an article, but often more informal and published specifically on a blog.
Product or Website Reviews: In-depth reviews of products, services or websites highlighting features, benefits, advantages and drawbacks.
Spreadsheets: Help your readers make calculations, track inventories and other useful information.
Checklists: Help your readers complete certain tasks and projects by providing handy checklists.
Patterns: Think craft patterns, sewing patterns, etc.
Editorials: Opinions on certain topics, articles and other content.
Product Profiles & Detailed Information: Similar to a review, but focuses on the specifications of a particular product.
Workbooks: Help your readers accomplish their goals by giving them a workbook to apply the information you give them.
Pre-recorded audios and podcasts: Make it easy to take your content on the go in the car, when working out and more.
Teleseminars: Information sessions held over a telephone conference line. These can also be turned into audio recordings.
Webinars: Similar to a teleseminar but held online. In addition to an audio component, a webinar may also include video and text chat.
Streaming Video: Video that your audience can view on the web. Think YouTube.com or Ustream.tv for live streaming.
Screen Capture Video: A video that shows a slide presentation, demonstrates software or any type of action on a computer screen.
Audio and Video Transcripts: For those who want to refer to specific information from a recording, transcripts come in handy. Transcripts are a written record of what is said in an audio or video.
Email broadcasts: Email is a very powerful marketing tool. Send email to your list regularly.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions): Collect questions that your readers and customers ask often and create a valuable reference tool around it.
Flowcharts: Demonstrate a process through a flowchart. It's very useful for your more visually-oriented readers.
Coloring Sheets: Parents in your target market? Create fun coloring sheets for the kiddos.
Fill-in-the-Blanks: Help your readers test their knowledge of what they learned or give them an opportunity of self-discovery, where they fill in information about themselves.
Glossaries: Most markets are filled with jargon. Don't leave the new learners out in the cold…provide them with a glossary of terms.
Coming up with a regular stream of content ideas isn't too complicated. This list of ideas will help jog those ideas easily.
Read/Watch the News & Current Events: Pay attention to what's happening in the news and many times you'll find something that ties in perfectly to your audience's interests. For example, if your target market is the parents of teens, stories of online dangers or even stories of inspiring kids is a potential subject to share and comment on.
Keep a Notebook with Ideas: Always keep a little notebook or the notes feature of your phone handy when you come across ideas. Sometimes a little story about what happened to you at restaurant or at your kid's soccer game can become a relevant lesson to your readers.
Reviews: People always appreciate detailed and honest product reviews. A good review will discuss a product's features and potential benefits. It will also clearly show whom the product is suitable for and perhaps, whom it's not suitable for. It will also talk about any potential drawbacks to be aware of.
Conduct Case Studies with Your Clients / Customers: Case studies are perfect because they can be highly-informative, and also provide amazing testimonials for your business.
Interview other Experts / Celebrities in your Market: Find people in your market that people turn to for information, guidance and even entertainment. If they don't have time for an interview, ask them if they might have time to answer a single question that you know your readers would love to have answered.
Have Someone Interview You: This is an ultra-easy way to create content simply by answering questions. You can even have your own readers submit questions for the interview.
Look at Previous Content & Expand On It: If you previously created some popular content, see where you can expand it or possibly target a certain aspect of it in finer detail. For example, if you had created a Top 10 list, take one of those points and create content around that.
Entertain: People use the Internet not only for information, but also for entertainment. You don't always have to come up with earth-shattering information to impress your audience. Have fun, inspire them or make them laugh.
Again, these are just some starting ideas…but they are very powerful. If you sit down and do nothing but planning your content (as was recommended earlier in this lesson), you should be able to come up with a list of great topics.
Well here we are. You know how to start planning your content, you've got some useful content formats planned and you've got plenty of topic ideas. Let's get down to the business of creating the content your audience needs.
Writing: Writing your own content means that content will always match your precise voice, opinions and perspective. The only problem is, you're supposed to be running your business and it's not likely that you have time to do all the writing that your business needs. That's why you need other options.
Hiring: When it comes to outsourcing, there are a couple ways you can do this. You can hire a ghostwriter and then publish the content under your own or your company's name. Or you can hire writers who will write content for you and publish it under their own names.
Buying: You can buy pre-written content and publish it. Sometimes you may purchase content with resell rights, which means you can redistribute the content as long as the content isn't changed and any original company branding remains. Other times, you may want to look into private label rights (PLR) content. This is content that you can edit and brand with your own company name.
Partnering: Many website owners are willing to write for you for free…in exchange for a link to their websites. If you have a busy website, you may have writers lined up to help you. But don't worry if you don't. You can still get people to write with you and we'll cover that in Lesson 10 as well.
Reprinting: Use reprint articles with a byline and link to the author. Many affiliate programs will provide you with content that you can use your affliate link with, so you get credit for any sales generated by your publishing the article.
You've got a ton of options now and even if you just want to use one or two of these for now, you'll still be moving forward in your goal of profiting from content.
Once again, there is no point in creating all of this content if you don't have any purpose or some kind of call-to-action. But it's not enough to tell your readers what you want them to do; you have to make your readers WANT to take action.
Be passionate about your topic. Not all topics are naturally exciting, but show some enthusiasm and interest in what you have to say. Your enthusiasm will be contagious to your readers.
Have an opinion about your topic. Generic content often generates generic results. The more certain you are about your stance on a subject, the more convincing you will be. Don't worry if people don't agree with you, your target audience will appreciate your opinions, particularly if they're backed by strong arguments and supporting evidence.
Shape your content to your products. If you're a writer at heart, this might make you cringe a little, but if you believe in your products…the fit comes naturally. Choose topics that lend themselves to the promotion of your products and make your angle or opinion on those topics complement your products as well.
Be an example and a role model. If you talk the talk, you've got to walk the walk. The more you show yourself doing what you say and reporting your results, the more likely your audience is to take action on the advice you give them.
The more you can incorporate persuasiveness into your content, the more you'll captivate your audience and have them follow your call to action. Now, how do you get eyeballs on that content?
In order to get your content read, you've got to get it out there. If you're just starting to build traffic, you may put more emphasis on publishing your content outside of your website. But never ignore the importance of publishing content on your own website. That virtual real estate you are building will generate traffic over time, encourage repeat visitors and allows for full branding of your business.
Write guest blog posts for busy blogs: Put together a very specialized post, targeted to the specific audience of the busy blog. Send the ready-to-publish content to the blog owner. If they can see your content, know that it's unique to them and it's ready to publish, they're more likely to share it.
Give content to your affiliates to rebrand and add their affiliate links. Webmasters love great content and when they stand to profit from it, they are more than willing to share your content.
Post your content to social media. Promote your content and post original to your social media accounts. Whether it's your Facebook Page or Group, Twitter account or Instagram account, add content where your audience hangs out.
Make it easy to share your content. Include sharing buttons on your website. Add content to sites like YouTube.com and SlideShare.net that provide their users the copy-and-paste code so they can put your videos on their websites too.
Announce your new articles on your blog and to your mailing list. This is a no-brainer way to create a new blog post and also alerts your regular readers to new content.
Submit content to offline publications like magazines, community organizations, etc. It's not just websites that are in need of content. Larger magazines and publications might want more exclusive or first-rights (they publish it before it appears anywhere else) to your content, but smaller local publications might just be happy for the extra content.
Contact targeted website owners directly to publish your content. Submitting to directories can be effective, but if you want targeted publishers to publish your content, contact them directly. And once they've agreed to publish some of your content, be sure to notify them when you have new stuff to share.
Make it a press release. Turn your informative content into a more formal press release and submit it to the media.
Advertise it. There are powerful advertising platforms like Facebook Ads, YouTube Ads and Google Adwords that make it easy to share content. You can also retarget the visitors who consumed your content to share your opt-in offers, products and more.


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The Daniels Corporation Announces the "Accessibility Designed" Program
The Daniels Corporation
Designing inclusive living spaces for people using mobility devices
TORONTO, Oct. 2, 2017 /CNW/ - The Ontario Building Code (OBC) requires every builder to include a certain percentage of barrier-free suites in all new developments. The Daniels Corporation will announce a new Accessibility Designed Program (ADP), which goes well beyond building code requirements. People shopping for a new, accessible condominium can now select from standard suite layouts that are designed specifically with mobility needs in mind. While standard accessible layouts are available at no additional cost, suite layouts can be further tailored and upgraded to meet individual needs. This program, which is currently being launched at the company's newest condominium communities, is a testament to Daniels' commitment to building new homes for the full spectrum of the housing market.
This innovative program is designed with the principles of Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA) in mind: independence, dignity, integration and equality of opportunity.
The announcement and details about The Daniels Corporation's new
Accessibility Designed Program
Video (available to news media outlets) – a virtual tour of an ADP suite from the
perspective of a person using a wheelchair
Jake Cohen, The Daniels Corporation's Vice President of Project Implementation
Luke Anderson, well-known universal design advocate and founder of StopGap Foundation
10:00 a.m. Welcome and Registration
10:30 a.m. SHARP Remarks
Daniels Regent Park Presentation Centre
Let us know ahead of time if you have any specific accessibility needs. In order for those with chemical sensitivities to participate at this event, please do not wear fragranced products.
SOURCE The Daniels Corporation
For further information: David Eisenstadt/Rhoda Eisenstadt, tcgpr, (416) 696-9900 ext.36/33, [email protected] / [email protected]
The Daniels Corporation Commits to a Sustainable Future...


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New FCA regulation levels the playing field for BNPL providers
Have you seen ?
How to get the most out of checkout finance in a downturn
This week, the FCA released the findings of its Woolard Report, which has set out a series of changes and innovations targeting the buy-now-pay-later (BNPL), unsecured lending market.
Decried by some as 'klarnage', named after market leader Klarna, the fallout of the proposed regulations have certainly sent shock waves crashing through an industry riding high on record growth success.
BNPL has seen a huge surge during the pandemic, as consumers turned their backs on more traditional payment methods, such as credit cards, in favour of increased value from new market credit providers. Unsurprisingly, it is these unregulated disruptors that come under the scrutiny of the FCA.
Of course, if we look at the history of top market disruptors, think Uber, AirBnB and Netflix, they all found loopholes and exploited fast-to-market strategies that launched them to the top. Businesses like Klarna and Clearpay have been no exception.
Where it comes to lending and risk, banks were shackled by regulations and their best-in-class rigour, which allowed these bright young businesses to dazzle and win the sprint. But that was the short-term view. The FCA's Woolard Review, with the dash of a pen, has changed the game for the long term.
We work with a number of leading global banks and lenders and see first-hand the disadvantages these regulated organisations incur in a world where other companies are not held to the same high, regulatory standards. It doesn't serve the sector well, nor does it help the consumer.
The playing field is now levelled. Traditional lenders and banks have the opportunity to work with a different kind of disruptor, in companies like ours; one that not only provides the technology to deliver retail finance, at speed, but also embraces regulatory rigour.
Retail finance, when provided as an additional payment option to the financially savvy brings value to the end consumer. As is the case with other regulated finance, it delivers flexibility for those looking to spread payments as part of a calculated and fiscally responsible plan.
The issue for BNPL is not with the payment method itself but rather the fact that it can fail to protect the consumer, where, currently, a purchase can be made without the customer realising they have even entered into a credit agreement.
As Christopher Woolard, Chair of the Review, said: 'The Review sets out a series of recommendations for how the FCA, working with partners, can build a better market in future.'
If the payment method is deployed as part of a regulated financial framework, banks, with their technology partners, will transform retail finance with a superior, responsible and value-driven product.
Buy Now, Pay Later a 'force for good' in heating appliance sector
Buy Now, Pay Later and Clothes: What Merchants Need To Know
Start lending at the point-of-sale with our whitelabel checkout finance platform
Contact our sales team today
Keep up with checkout finance news and insights
Checkout finance can be a force for good in the cost-of-living crisis
By offering consumers more choice over how they manage their finances, merchants can turn an economic downturn into a prosperous opportunity. Divido's new whitepaper makes the case and offers actionable tips to help you lend for good this winter.
Download your free report now
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I had the pleasure of working with Melissa last November on 11/11/11! She got married in Easton on the weekend of the Waterfowl Festival on the Eastern Shore. (I had never heard of this festival before, but apparently it is very popular for those living on the shore.) I absolutely love traveling to the shore–the little towns are so cute and quaint and make for such a perfect wedding setting. Her day was beautiful and cool–ideal for the picturesque fall wedding. She and her gals were such a nice bunch–all making for a relaxing, calm experience. The hair stylists at Shapers Salon in Easton also did http://www.achaten-suisse.com/ a beautiful job and were great to work with! Thank you Melissa for sharing your special day with me! Best of luck!


It happens that a production designer wants a translite photo backing of the house just opposite the "hero" location. This can be at street level or it could be several floors up. I will show you some of these pictures today. Just ordinary stuff for the most part. But I did solve one problem along the way. You'll see.
Streetcar line house tells part of the story for a soap opera.
Another house across the street scene came up in Spider-Man 3. Marko, better known as Sandman, was a character who needed to climb up to enter his daughter's bedroom at night. Production designer Michael Riva and his supervising art director David Klassen showed me a house in a unique part of Brooklyn. New York City streets are often fairly narrow. Widths in Manhattan are often 30 or 32 feet wide, curb to curb. Sidewalks can be 6-12 feet wide as well. But this particular street was so narrow that the house was only about 27 feet from the wall of the house I was in. I decided to use digital capture for this shot. Sam Raimi, the director of the film, expressed a bit of concern when I told him about this at an accidental meeting at the door of the Essex House, but I assured him that I had shot film as well, so we would be covered. Sam did not remember my name or even what I did exactly at first, but he recognized me and was warm in his greeting and genuine in his interest. Perhaps one day we will work together again. That would be fun.
This is the finished shot. I had to do a pan in order to get the scale right on the house. The part of the image on the right side came from another location near the Manhattan Bridge.
Steve Saklad asked me to shoot a backing plate for him in Southern California to use in a film he was designing to be principally shot in Germany. He said that we would be matching a location that their company would shoot on location in the course of production. But they wanted to do the work on the sound stage first and then, after traveling to LA, do the location. Not uncommon in my experience. My LA art director was my friend James Truesdale. After reviewing the set drawings, I discovered a bit of a challenge. Our view, in the translite, started on the left looking up the street, leveled off and running straight for a ways directly across the street, and then turning again to cover the right, as well as covering the view from the front door of the house, which actually was 90 degrees from the view across the street. And in one piece. There are a couple of ways to shoot a long panorama, as you may have noticed before in my posts, and one is rectilinear, the other spherically panned. One gives me as long a pan as I need and the other can cover around 120 degrees max. I had never combined them in one translite backing before, but why not? I tried it. It worked.
Panorama style translite from upcoming feature film of the "house across the street."
Remember, if you like it, share the link. Thanks for your kind attention.
This entry was posted in About Translites, Motion Picture Stories and tagged All My Children, house across the street, James Truesdale, Richard Lund, Sam Raimi, soap opera pix, Steve Saklad, translight background, translite. Bookmark the permalink.


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Community Food Systems Mentor Profile: Nancy Creamer
The Community Food Systems Mentorship Program offers Network members the opportunity to work directly with a food systems expert to support their growth, learn best practices, and connect with seasoned food movement leaders.
Nancy Creamer, Blue Cross and Blue Shield/WK Kellogg Distinguished Professor Emerita, NC State University and former CEFS Director, NC State University.
About Nancy:
I have recently retired from NC State University where I served as the Director of the Center for Environmental Farming Systems for over 20 years, and was also a Professor in the Horticultural Science Department focused on integrating cover crops into vegetable production systems. As Director, I provided leadership for a statewide North Carolina initiative engaging many diverse sectors and partners resulting in a statewide action plan: "From Farm to Fork, a Guide to Building North Carolina's Sustainable Local Food Economy", and then supported the development of many of the strategic initiatives identified in the report including agricultural research, extension programming, food system and supply chain initiatives, and food policy council development locally and statewide. I also led the development of several internship and apprentice programs, youth programming, and a strong focus on racial equity through our Committee on Racial Equity.
In addition to the CEFS work, I was also appointed in 2014 as a founding Board member for the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research which was allocated $200 million in the 2014 Farm Bill (and an additional $185 million in the 2018 farm bill) to support agricultural research through public-private and NGO partnerships. I currently serve on the executive committee of FFAR and Chair of the Development Committee.
Collaborative Grant writing and building interdisciplinary teams
Negotiating the politics at educational institutions and other state agencies
Building inclusive networks
Working with Cooperative Extension
Supporting the next generation of food systems leaders
Statewide Action Planning and Food Policy Council Development
Supporting organizational shifts to incorporate a racial equity lens in traditional agriculture environments
Board Development and mentorship
Seeking to Mentor
I am interested in mentoring food systems leaders who are either embedded in educational institutions or state agencies who keep hitting roadblocks for their work, or those university or community members who want to engage and develop mutually beneficial University-Community partnerships.
Explore all Community Food Systems Mentor Profiles


text:
package li.strolch.agent.impl;

import static li.strolch.model.StrolchModelConstants.INTERPRETATION_RESOURCE_REF;

import li.strolch.agent.api.ResourceMap;
import li.strolch.model.Resource;
import li.strolch.model.parameter.Parameter;

public class TransientResourceMap extends TransientElementMap<Resource> implements ResourceMap {

	@Override
	protected void assertIsRefParam(Parameter<?> refP) {
		ElementMapHelpers.assertIsRefParam(INTERPRETATION_RESOURCE_REF, refP);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
[UPDATED] Halep Shocks Serena To Win Wimbledon Title
Romania's Simona Halep poses with the Venus Rosewater Dish trophy after beating Serena Williams during their women's singles final clash at Wimbledon, on July 13, 2019.
GLYN KIRK / AFP
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Simona Halep torpedoed Serena Williams's latest bid to capture a record-equalling 24th Grand Slam on Saturday when she stormed to a sensational victory in a 56-minute Wimbledon final.
The 27-year-old Romanian captured her second career major with a 6-2, 6-2 victory adding a maiden Wimbledon — the first for her country in both men's and women's singles — to her 2018 Roland Garros triumph.
Defeat for 37-year-old Williams, a seven-time Wimbledon champion who won the last of her 23 Slam titles at the 2017 Australian Open, meant her attempt to equal Margaret Court's all-time record for major wins was put back on ice until at least the US Open.
"My mom said when I was 10 that if I want to do something in tennis I have to play in the final at Wimbledon," said Halep.
"I had lots of nerves, my stomach wasn't very well. I have never played a better match.
"I said at the start of the tournament that one of my motivations was to win and become a lifetime member of the club."
Williams bluntly admitted she had not been at the races against a superior opponent.
"She played out of her mind. I was like a deer in the headlights," said Williams.
Williams was undone by 26 unforced errors to Halep's two.
Williams may have kept Halep waiting to go on the court but if she hoped that would upset her opponent it did quite the opposite.
Indeed the Halep fan who burst into song — waving a Romanian scarf from the 2015 Rugby World Cup — singing "We love you Simona, we do!" served to give her the boost to rattle Williams from the start.
A flashing forehand crosscourt set the tone and she broke her in the first game.
She broke again to lead 3-0 — things clearly not going Williams's way when a Halep shot clipped the net and went over but the American's shot also clipped the net but failed to go over.
Already 3-0 down after eight minutes, Williams was completely at sea and by the time Halep served to lead 4-0 Williams had won just six points.
She finally got on the board with her next service game but Halep had little trouble in sealing the set which included another remarkable point from the Romanian.
The 27-year-old raced to retrieve an incredible get which sneaked over the net and Williams was only able to put her shot into the net.
Williams — who has let slip opportunities to equal Court's record in last year's Wimbledon and US Open finals — appeared to at last get fired up in the first game of the second set.
She let out a long yell at the ground when she won a point on her serve and another on the next point.
However, that was a rare show of her fiery side as Halep broke her to lead 3-2.
Halep rubbed in her superiority to break her again for 5-2 — two powerful serves earlier in the game had Williams saying why was I not able to do this earlier — and took the match and the title with aplomb with the first of her three match points.
She sank to her knees a broad smile on her face before rising to hug Williams.
Her victory also gave Halep's favoured royal Kate, Duchess of Cambridge, bragging rights over sister-in-law Meghan, Duchess of Sussex — they were sitting beside each other in the Royal Box.
Meghan is a close friend of Williams.
Calm Before The Storm? Halep Stands Between Serena And Court Landmark
PHOTOS: Flood Forces Six Schools To Close In Jigawa
Afenifere Renewal Group Mourns Fasoranti's Daughter, Demands Justice


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State Taxes on Capital Gains
| By Elizabeth McNichol
A historically large share of the nation's wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few. As a result, millions of American families have less wealth, and therefore fewer opportunities, than they otherwise would. Further, since wealthy people are overwhelmingly white, this extreme wealth concentration reinforces barriers that make it harder for people of color to make gains. One way states can build more broadly shared prosperity is by strengthening their taxes on capital gains — the profits an investor realizes when selling an asset that has grown in value, such as shares of stock, mutual funds, real estate, or artwork.
One way states can build more broadly shared prosperity is by strengthening their taxes on capital gains — the profits an investor realizes when selling an asset that has grown in value, such as shares of stock, mutual funds, real estate, or artwork.
Most state and local tax systems are upside down: the wealthy pay a smaller share of their income in these taxes, on average, than low- and middle-income people do, even though they are best able to afford to pay more. Capital gains, which go overwhelmingly to the wealthiest households, receive special tax preferences, such as a partial exemption, in a number of states. States with such preferences should eliminate them. States also have several options to boost capital gains revenue to support investments that benefit the state as a whole.
How Are Capital Gains Taxed?
While the value of an asset can increase in each year that it is owned, the capital gain is taxed only when the asset is sold. For example, consider a taxpayer who bought 100 shares of stock for $10 each (total cost of $1,000) and sold them for $15 each (total value of $1,500). The increase in value of $500 is the amount of capital gains income "realized" by the taxpayer. If the sale occurs within a year of the purchase, these are considered short-term capital gains for tax purposes; if more than a year after purchase, they are considered long-term gains. Under current state and federal law, these capital gains are reported and taxed as income in the year that they are realized.
The amount of capital gains (and thus, the revenue generated by taxing them) varies by state, depending in large part on the state's relative wealth. (See Table 1.)
Some States Have Tax Preferences for Capital Gains
The federal government taxes income generated by wealth, such as capital gains, at lower rates than wages and salaries from work. The highest-income taxpayers pay 40.8 percent on income from work but only 23.8 percent on capital gains and stock dividends.[1]
While most states tax income from investments and income from work at the same rate, nine states — Arizona, Arkansas, Hawaii, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Carolina, Vermont, and Wisconsin — tax all long-term capital gains less than ordinary income.[2] These tax breaks take different forms. Typically, these states allow taxpayers to exclude some or all of their capital gains income from their taxable income, but others levy a lower rate than the state tax on ordinary income or provide a credit equal to a percentage of the taxpayer's capital gains. (See Table 2.) In addition, a handful of states (including Colorado, Idaho, Louisiana, and Oklahoma) provide breaks only for capital gains on investments in in-state businesses, and a few states target preferences to investments in specific industries, like farming in Iowa and Wisconsin.[3]
Capital Gains Go Overwhelmingly to Wealthy, White Households
Capital gains are generated by wealth. Because wealth is highly concentrated, so is capital gains income. About 85 percent of capital gains go to the wealthiest 5 percent of taxpayers; 75 percent go to the top 1 percent of taxpayers.[4] (See Figure 1.) Wealthy households are disproportionately white: white families are three times likelier than families of color to be in the top 1 percent.[5]
Capital Gains Tax Breaks Don't Drive State Economic Growth
Proponents of capital gains tax breaks often argue that they spur economic growth by encouraging investment. But historically, "there is no obvious connection between tax rates on capital gains and economic growth" at the national level, tax policy expert Leonard Burman notes.[6] There is even less reason to expect a state tax break on capital gains to boost a state's economy. The companies, bonds, and other assets generating capital gains for a state's residents could be located anywhere in the country or the world, so any possible economic benefit wouldn't necessarily go to the state giving the tax break.
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Moreover, capital gains taxes generate revenue to support three major building blocks of thriving communities: K-12 and higher education, health care, and transportation. And, by increasing the share of state revenues paid by the wealthy, they allow states to keep taxes lower on people with moderate incomes, who spend (rather than save) a larger share of their incomes to boost local economies.
How to Address Volatility in Capital Gains
Capital gains income — and thus capital gains tax revenue — can rise or fall rapidly in response to economic changes. States can manage this volatility by, for example, relying on a variety of taxes, some of which respond less dramatically to swings in the business cycle.[7]
The best way to address volatility in capital gains and other taxes is to establish a rainy day fund and make deposits when strong economic growth boosts revenues, so these funds can smooth out revenue downturns.[8] States can tie these provisions directly to capital gains taxes, if desired. For example, Massachusetts deposits all capital gains revenue above a specific threshold ($1 billion) into its rainy day fund.[9] Similarly, in Connecticut, when income taxes collected through quarterly payments from taxpayers and at the time of filing (as opposed to those withheld during the year) exceed a specified threshold, the "surplus" is deposited into the state's reserves. These are mainly taxes on investment income.[10]
States With Capital Gains Preferences Should Eliminate Them
States that tax capital gains income at a lower rate than wage, salary, and other ordinary income should eliminate this special treatment. Taxing capital gains at the same rate as ordinary income would mitigate the increase in wealth concentration and could raise significant revenues.
Eliminating capital gains preferences in the eight states that had them in 2011 would raise some $500 million per year, the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy estimates.[11] Rhode Island's elimination of its capital gains preference in 2010 brings in over $50 million in additional revenue per year.[12] Vermont and Wisconsin scaled back their preferences to raise revenue in the wake of the Great Recession.[13] New Mexico reduced, from 50 percent to 40 percent, the share of capital gains that are exempt from taxation in 2019.[14]
Only one state without an income tax (New Hampshire) currently taxes capital gains at all. Washington State recently enacted a tax on extraordinary profits from the sale of financial assets of over $250,000 per year, which will take effect in 2022.[15] The remaining non-income-tax states could levy a tax on just this type of income.
Ways to Boost State Revenues From Capital Gains
The remaining 41 states and the District of Columbia, which currently tax capital gains at the same rate as ordinary income, should resist cutting these taxes and instead raise them to generate revenue they can invest in broadly shared prosperity. They have several options:
Raise the capital gains income tax rate. States could simply levy a higher rate on capital gains income than on income from wages, salaries, and other sources, or raise the rate just on short-term capital gains.
Eliminate "stepped-up basis." Under current state and federal law, people who inherit assets such as stocks, bonds, or real estate pay no taxes on any appreciation of those assets that occurred before they inherited them. (Technically, the value of those assets is "stepped up" from the original purchase price to their value on the date of inheritance.) As a result, a large share of capital gains is never taxed.
For example, consider a taxpayer who bought 100 shares of stock for $10 each and held them until their death, when the value had risen to $50 per share. They left them to their daughter, who sold them a number of years later, after the value had risen to $55 per share. Under current law, the daughter's taxable capital gains would reflect the $5-per-share increase that occurred while she owned the stock, not the $45-per-share increase that occurred since their mother bought it.
State estate taxes used to help compensate for stepped-up basis by taxing assets at the time they were inherited. But most states no longer have an estate tax, and the tax thresholds in states that do have the tax are generally so high that very few estates owe it.[16]
Stepped-up basis primarily benefits the wealthiest families because they have the most unrealized capital gains. They can also afford to hold on to their assets until they die and pass them on to their heirs rather than use them to pay expenses in retirement. Families of color have lower savings than white families and are less likely to have pension income, therefore, they are less likely than white families to benefit from this tax break. Around two-thirds of Black and Latino working-age households own no assets in a retirement account, compared to 37 percent of white households.[17]
Eliminating stepped-up basis would result in taxation of the asset's full increase in value since its original purchase. This would have a very progressive impact: 99 percent of the revenue from eliminating stepped-up basis would come from the top 1 percent of filers, and 80 percent would come from the top 0.1 percent, according to the Treasury Department.[18] (See Figure 2.)
Another way states could tax the full increase in value of capital assets is by taxing capital gains each year as they are earned, instead of waiting until the assets are sold. This would be relatively easy for assets like publicly traded stocks and bonds, but applying this type of tax to other assets, such as real estate, might prove unworkable due to the difficulty of estimating their annual increase in value.[19]
Close the "carried interest" loophole. Managers of private equity and hedge funds, many of whom are among the highest-income taxpayers in the country,[20] benefit from special treatment of a large share of their income. Typically, they receive both a management fee, or a percentage of the value of the assets they manage, and a performance fee, which equals a share of the gains they have generated for their clients. The latter is called carried interest.
The federal tax code taxes carried interest at the same rate as capital gains income rather than the higher rate imposed on ordinary income, even though carried interest is compensation for work the managers perform in managing the investments, not a return on capital of their own that they invested.
States could offset this federal tax preference and generate more capital gains revenue by levying a separate tax on carried interest. If an individual state imposed such a tax, fund managers could fairly easily move their businesses to evade it, so some states have formed regional compacts. For example, New Jersey lawmakers adopted a bill in 2017 to tax carried interest that would only take effect if neighboring states adopt a similar provision. Lawmakers in California, Connecticut, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, and Rhode Island have also considered bills to tax carried interest.[21] State initiatives to tax carried interest would not only raise revenue directly but also encourage the federal government to eliminate this loophole by calling attention to the issue. Federal action would eliminate the problem of tax evasion by moving and would increase revenue for many states that link their definition of taxable income to the federal tax code.[22]
Capital Gains as Share of Residents' Total Adjusted Gross Income (AGI), by State
Net Capital Gains
Percent of AGI
WY $2,930 13.4% GA $20,151 6.5%
NV $14,241 13.4% NE $3,927 6.4%
FL $93,024 12.4% MI $19,702 6.2%
MA $35,525 10.3% HI $2,828 6.0%
NY $88,012 10.1% NC $18,540 6.0%
CT $17,678 9.9% NJ $24,379 6.0%
CA $154,271 9.5% ME $2,454 6.0%
CO $21,344 9.4% OK $6,135 6.0%
SD $2,589 9.1% SC $8,371 5.9%
WA $29,191 9.0% VA $19,302 5.9%
MT $2,671 8.4% RI $2,217 5.9%
IL $40,424 8.3% MN $12,605 5.8%
DC $2,966 8.0% MO $10,594 5.8%
NH $4,529 7.8% ND $1,507 5.7%
TX $71,991 7.8% NM $2,934 5.6%
UT $7,586 7.7% WI $11,045 5.6%
VT $1,628 7.7% OH $19,609 5.4%
ID $3,798 7.6% IA $5,139 5.3%
AZ $15,456 7.4% MD $12,948 5.2%
AR $5,527 7.3% LA $6,001 5.0%
TN $14,099 7.1% DE $1,626 4.9%
OR $10,030 7.1% IN $9,177 4.7%
PR $216 6.8% AL $5,545 4.5%
PA $30,349 6.7% AK $1,044 4.1%
KY $7,723 6.7% MS $2,385 3.8%
KS $6,157 6.7% WV $1,239 2.9%
US $924,693 8.0%
Source: Internal Revenue Service
State Tax Preferences for Capital Gains
Arizona Only 75% of capital gains are taxed
Arkansas Only 50% of capital gains are taxed
Hawai'i Capital gains are taxed at 7.2%, lower than rate for ordinary income of up to 11%
Montana Credit of 2% of capital gains
New Mexico Deduction of 50% of capital gains or up to $1,000, whichever is greater
North Dakota 40% of capital gains are excluded from taxation
South Carolina 44% of capital gains are excluded from taxation
Vermont 40% of gains from certain assets held more than three years or up to $5,000 of capital gains are excluded from taxation
Wisconsin 30% of capital gains (60% for farms) are excluded from taxation
Source: State Taxation of Capital Gains, ITEP, September 2020
[1] The 23.8 percent figure includes the top tax rate on capital gains plus the 3.8 percent tax on investment income for high-income taxpayers, which helps fund the Affordable Care Act's health coverage expansions.
[2] Marco Guzman, "State Taxation of Capital Gains: The Folly of Tax Cuts & Case for Proactive Reforms," Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, September 2020, https://itep.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/092520-State-Taxation-of-Capital-Gains_ITEP.pdf.
[3] The legality of limiting capital gains tax reductions to in-state investments has been questioned, as it may violate the U.S. Constitution's interstate commerce clause.
[4] Tax Policy Center, T18-0231 - Distribution of Long-Term Capital Gains and Qualified Dividends by Cash Income Percentile, 2018, November 16, 2018, https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/model-estimates/distribution-individual-income-tax-long-term-capital-gains-and-qualified-30.
[5] "[W]hile 1.2 percent of White families earn enough to place them among the top 1 percent of earners, just 0.4 percent of Latino and Black families are members of this group." Meg Wiehe et al., "Race, Wealth, and Taxes," Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy and Prosperity Now, https://prosperitynow.org/sites/default/files/resources/ITEP-Prosperity_Now-Race_Wealth_and_Taxes-FULL%20REPORT-FINAL_5.pdf.
[6] Chye-Ching Huang, "The Myth That Low Capital Gains Rates Are Very Important to the Economy," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, September 20, 2012, https://www.cbpp.org/blog/the-myth-that-low-capital-gains-rates-are-very-important-to-the-economy.
[7] Elizabeth McNichol, "Strategies to Address the State Tax Volatility Problem," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, April 18, 2013, https://www.cbpp.org/research/strategies-to-address-the-state-tax-volatility-problem.
[8] Pew, "Rainy Day Funds: Best Practices to Mitigate Revenue Volatility," June 7, 2017, https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2017/06/rainy-day-funds-best-practices-to-mitigate-revenue-volatility. Elizabeth McNichol and Ed Lazere, "States Should Improve the Design of Their Rainy Day Funds," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, June 3, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/states-should-improve-the-design-of-their-rainy-day-funds.
[9] Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 29, Section 5G, https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleIII/Chapter29/Section5G.
[10] Connecticut's "volatility cap" requires that all income tax revenue collected when taxpayers file their tax returns that exceeds a specific threshold ($3.15 billion in 2017) be deposited in the state's rainy day fund. The income tax revenue collected at the time of filing is called "estimates and finals," as distinguished from the income taxes withheld during the year. See http://www.ctvoices.org/blog?page=1#volcap.
[11] Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, "A Capital Idea: Repealing State Tax Breaks for Capital Gains Would ease Budget Woes and Improve Tax Fairness," January 2011, https://itep.org/wp-content/uploads/capitalidea0111.pdf.
[12] Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy estimate, November 2018.
[13] Guzman.
[14] Erica Williams, "New Mexico Investing in Children, Advancing Equity," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, April 16, 2019, https://www.cbpp.org/blog/new-mexico-investing-in-children-advancing-equity.
[15] Washington State Budget & Policy Center, "Lawmakers act to balance state tax code by passing capital gains tax," April 24, 2021, https://budgetandpolicy.org/schmudget/lawmakers-act-to-balance-state-tax-code-by-passing-capital-gains-tax/.
[16] Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, "2017 Tax Law Weakens Estate Tax, Benefiting Wealthiest and Expanding Avoidance Opportunities," June 1, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/research/federal-tax/2017-tax-law-weakens-estate-tax-benefiting-wealthiest-and-expanding-avoidance; Elizabeth McNichol, "State Estate Taxes: A Key Tool for Broad Prosperity," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, May 11, 2016, https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/state-estate-taxes-a-key-tool-for-broad-prosperity.
[17] Nari Rhee, "Race and Retirement Insecurity in the United States," National Institute on Retirement Security, December 2013, https://www.nirsonline.org/reports/race-and-retirement-insecurity-in-the-united-states/.
[18] Lily Batchelder, "The 'silver spoon' tax: how to strengthen wealth transfer taxation," Washington Center for Equitable Growth, October 31, 2016, https://equitablegrowth.org/silver-spoon-tax/.
[19] Washington Center for Equitable Growth, "Taxing Capital: Paths to a fairer and broader U.S. tax system," Section 3, August 10, 2016, https://equitablegrowth.org/research-paper/taxing-capital/?longform=true.
[20] Ashley Adams-Mott, "How Much Do Hedge Fund Managers Make?" Chron, updated August 27, 2018, https://work.chron.com/much-hedge-fund-managers-make-23556.html.
[21] PwC, "Recent carried interest proposals in New Jersey, Rhode Island and Illinois," January 2018.
[22] States with income differ in how they conform to the federal tax code. This Federation of Tax Administrators table summarizes those connections: https://www.taxadmin.org/assets/docs/Research/Rates/stg_pts.pdf.
PDF of this issue brief (8 pp.)
The Myth That Low Capital Gains Rates Are Very Important to the Economy
Strategies to Address the State Tax Volatility Problem
States Should Improve the Design of Their Rainy Day Funds
New Mexico Investing in Children, Advancing Equity
How States Can Tax Wealth
Elizabeth McNichol
State Taxes on Inherited Wealth


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On Wednesday, Youngstown State University held its annual Emergency Planning Exercise at the YSU Police Department. Known as a tabletop exercise — deans, YSU police officers and an array of administrators participated in a round table discussion about YSU's protocol and contingency plans during a crisis.
"We brought in all of the different departments and agency heads from across the university to come down and run through scenarios, as to what our response and our responsibilities for each of those departments or schools would be," said YSU Police Chief John Beshara.
Stan Paulson, an FBI special agent from Cleveland, led the exercise by pitching the group a crisis scenario.
Paulson proceeded to question attendees over the four-hour session over how YSU would deal with problems ranging from communicating with students, controlling hysterical crowds, removing students from the incident zone and contacting and controlling the media.
YSUPD officers detailed the specifics of the approach to handle this hypothetical hostage situation. Beshara elaborated on this by defining what tactics and equipment officers would use as the situation evolved further, as well as the response if the situation went south and violence erupted.
As part of this expansive exercise, Paulson encouraged attendees to look toward the future by inquiring about the process to return functions to normal after a crisis. This included making students feel safe on campus again, counseling for those either directly or indirectly impacted by the situation and future crisis prevention techniques.
Anne Lally, the mental health counselor at YSU, highlighted the university's counseling procedure. She said that after the event, YSU's prerogative is to make it apparent that counseling for impacted parties is offered immediately.
By the end of the event, Paulson had tackled a myriad of emergency management's many facets, and participants had thoroughly covered YSU's crisis doctrine.
"So, we have walked through a complex scenario on campus. Our bad guy has been lethally dealt with, our students have been successfully rescued, we've talked about command post operations and we have talked about crisis management in general," Paulson said.