text:
Q-Comm's Annual Student Drag Show
May 5, 2011 at 3:02 am by Demi Anter
The Student Run Drag Show on April 28 — put on by the UCSB Associated Students Queer Commission — rocked my world in so many ways. It also led me to embrace the following:
1. Drag is the highest art form. I'm changing the name of Artsweek to Dragsweek, appearing every Thursday in the Daily Nexdrag.
2. I feel like it was divine intervention that led me to decide to stay in Goleta that Thursday night instead of going to Laguna Beach to visit a friend as I had originally planned.
3. WHERE DO I SIGN UP TO DO THIS?
The show, which took place in conjunction with a professional drag show Wednesday, April 27, was one of many events put on during UCSB's Pride Week. Attendees could be seen waiting in lines that stretched from I.V. Theater to the police station for both free events — and for good reason.
The student show began well with the exceptional emceeing skills of Brent Nakamoto a.k.a. "Coco Puff." Coco Puff made jokes about her weave, fellow drag queens and the tricky business of duct tape, all while looking fine as hell.
The night's MC was also a good sign of what was to come. The first performer, Joel Munoz as "Natasha Marie," sashayed through the theater with considerable ferocity to the tune of the song "The Way You Love Me" by Keri Hilson. The sexy performance did justice to the song's raunchy music video and was a perfect start to the show.
"Sophya Erse" (Abrahán Monzón) brought impressive passion to the stage and catwalk as she showed her "strut" to the crowd and got up close and personal with audience members. Antonio Brooks gave a seductive performance to Rihanna's "Skin" while dancing with a guest on stage. The interaction between the two was, like the song, entertaining and provocative.
Two Nicki Minaj-inspired pieces were also highlights of the evening. In "Moment 4 Life," "Miss Krystal" walked on stage in a wedding gown and then shed it, revealing a skimpy tutu and heels. Leigh Zieske came on as Young Weezy and entertained the crowd with impressive rap-syncing. In another Minaj song, a group of dancers came on stage and shook what their mama's gave them in very colorful outfits.
Though the show was definitely drag queen-heavy, some stand out drag kings graced the stage throughout the evening as well. In one of the hottest performances of the night, Young Weezy came back for another song, seducing the females of the audience (maybe the men, too) with "Pussy Monster." Emily Whitecotton and Marlene Moreno got the audience roaring with their rendition of the beloved SNL skit, "Dick in a Box."
Finally — there was the Lady Gaga performance. Eduardo Ramirez as "Miss Era" strutted to the stage in an outfit that would make Mama Monster proud. Miss Era seduced (and maybe scared) audience members with her moves and eventually made it to the stage to dance to "Judas."
"Born This Way" came on next, making Miss Era the only performer to have two songs by herself. She pulled it off with fantastic energy, though. And, while "Born This Way" could be a bit cliché in such a setting, I have to admit that this was actually the first time I've really enjoyed the song. It made me feel like leaving my chair and dancing around the theater, happy to be — well, born this way.
The night ended with a group performance of "Commander" by Kelly Rowland and "Hold It Against Me" by Britney Spears. Five fabulous dancers — Derion Loman, Maria Hintog, Ruta Phidayeva, David Wilson and Coco Puff — took the stage and performed with considerable skill, even changing costumes as the songs transitioned.
There were a few older men sitting near me, and I remember that at one point, one of them turned and said to me, "You're so lucky to be going to college right now." I promptly responded, "This is the best night of my life."
While that may be a slight exaggeration (the best night of my life was actually my 18th birthday — I was carried into my party on a chair in a cape and gold boots while Cher's "Believe" played and I sang along at top volume — no wonder I have an affinity for drag), the Student Run Drag Show was probably the best thing I've ever attended since coming to UCSB.
Props to everyone who strutted their stuff and performed. You made my heart tremble with joy. I hope to see all of you sexy people again very, very soon.
Drag. All Day, Err' Day.
Erse
Loved the article! as for '3. WHERE DO I SIGN UP TO DO THIS?" There's a drag troupe called Ballroom Royalty on campus, email ucsbqsu@gmail.com if you are interested!


text:
Men's soccer move onto sections
Photo By Jaden Perez
Zachary Sampo, Sports Editor
The Rio Americano soccer team is currently first in their league. However they have had some bumps in the road on the path way to first.
Their first game of league against El Camino was a trouncing, winning by a score of 4-1. In their second game against Cordova,
Rio went in expecting to win. In the first ten minutes they scored 3 goals, goals coming from senior defender Mark Ledbetter, senior defender Ian Kinn, and junior forward Ahmadu Barrie.
In the second half Rio relaxed and only scored one more goal through senior forward Berk Usanmaz.
In their third game, Rio beat second placed Whitney 2-0. With both goals coming from junior midfielder Ryan Burns. The game was a comfortable win for the Raiders who sat back and possessed the ball in the second half.
Then they played Mira Loma.
It was supposed to be an easy win for the Raiders, but they struggled to score and tied 1-1.
The game was essentially a defeat for Rio, who had a perfect record up until that point. "When we tied Mira Loma it felt like we had lost," senior Alex Rizzo said. The only goal for Rio came from Barrie.
Next up was the hardest game of the season against at El Camino. The Raiders fought hard against the pumped up Eagles.
Fortunately, the Raiders scored first. The breakthrough came from a good play between sophomore forward Josh Parkinson and junior forward Ricardo Vega. Vega broke through the El Camino defence to bury the ball into the back of the net. In the second half the Eagles rallied and tied up the game. The game ended in a 1-1 draw despite Rio's best efforts.
When the Raiders played Mira Loma for the second time, Rio crushed them 5-1. The Raiders were elated with their win against Mira Loma because with that win they were able to defend the previous year's league championship.
"Winning the league and going undefeated was unbelievable for me," Barrie said. They are moving into the section playoffs eager to try and win the title.
The offense will be run primarily through Barrie, who leads the team with 10 goals, with four of those coming in the last three games of the season.
Even though the team has won their league, their main season goal of winning the sections are just beginning and the team is going have to work much harder than they have all season to reach their goal.
Latest Rio TV Episode
Watch documentaries, PSAs, skits, and more made by the Introduction to Video Production class! This class is taught by Adam Bearson and is independent of The Mirada. Check out more videos on the Rio TV tab of this website or on YouTube. Comments, criticisms, or video ideas? Email Rio TV.
Racism Against Asian-Americans is Nothing New
The Shack in the Back
Movement to Allow Younger People to Vote
UC President Proposes Dropping SAT/ACT Requirement
The Importance of a Free Press
Coronavirus Journal Entry #6
Not Just Politics
Question Controversy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
AI/AR
Emerson Releases Oversight 2
The new interface features enhanced functionalities, including improved response time, intuitive navigation and multi-language support, which provides an overall user experience that is both powerful and easy to use.
Emerson released Oversight 2, a cloud-based online portal which serves as a real-time resource to monitor in-transit shipment information such as temperature, location and other measurements which may affect the quality of perishable cargo. The new interface features enhanced functionalities, including improved response time, intuitive navigation and multi-language support, which provides an overall user experience that is both powerful and easy to use.
"Our customers expect simple and timely access to the real-time information which we provide to give visibility and insight into the status of their valuable cargo," said Frank Landwehr, vice president and general manager, Cargo Solutions for Emerson. "Oversight 2, with its intuitive design, delivers robust automated reporting, real-time alert information and historical reports, which give our customers the information they need to make important decisions about the status of their in-transit cargo."
Oversight 2 and the Oversight Mobile app provide the tools to manage shipments effectively from start to finish. Both are available in multiple languages, including English, Chinese, Korean, Spanish, Italian, German, Russian, Portuguese, Turkish and French.
Oversight 2 also uses proprietary, state-of-the-art cloud processing to capture precise, in-transit measurements delivered exclusively by Emerson's award-winning GO Real-Time Trackers. These trackers are currently available for use with 2G, 3G and 4G cellular connectivity.
CONTACT Software Partners with the European Cloud Project SmartCLIDE
Shippeo Raises $22 Million to Provide Real-Time Visibility into the Global Supply Chain
Latest in Software & Technology
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Navigating your media investment to drive value and performance
How to Thrive Amidst Semiconductor Shortages Using a Technology Enabled S&OP Process
e-Crib, Wesco's proprietary purchasing and inventory solution software, helps optimize order and stock level management, data visibility, and more.
Why Building Collaborative Supply Chains is Important
How can supply chains jointly build market share and optimize margins if they don't have access to the same information? Supply chains finally have the sophisticated digital resources they need to collaborate effectively.
We have the mandate to make real change and an epochal opportunity to transition to a clean and socially equitable economy. The place is here, and the time is now.
WNS Holdings, Inc.
Supply Chain Evidence Management Platform
Digitally verifiable attestations, representing proof of an event, provide chain of custody data to automate compliance and audit tasks, reducing the error-prone and costly manual handling of these artifacts.
Warehouse Automation Technologies Built to Serve New "iGeneration" of Workers
An all-new supervisor management console provides leadership with a high degree of flexibility and agility to customize data, dashboards and analytics specific to their operation and needs.
3 Out of 4 Organizations Don't Have Proper Technology to Keep Up with On-Demand Economy
59% of companies and hundreds of thousands of developers are building logistics solutions to meet the requirements of on-demand e-commerce. 71% of these companies are in the retail and manufacturing industry.
HyperTrack
Last-Mile Delivery: Retailers and Carriers Need an Urgent Reset
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FarEye
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Businesses around the world are looking for unique and new ways to address industry needs post-pandemic. What this means is that companies are having to do more with less.
Exotec North America
TMS Selection: Finding "The One"
The right TMS has the potential to reduce freight spend by 3% to 7%. In order to realize these savings opportunities, it is important to take the time to do the selection process right.
enVista
Supply chains have been impacted by inflation and this has increased pressure on procurement teams to keep their costs low. But what can be done to change these costs?
Keelvar Systems Ltd.
Media effectiveness has never been more at risk, and many brands are losing portions of their media budgets to waste. Join PwC for a webinar where they will discuss how you can take control of your digital advertising supply chain, and help unlock signifi
Inventory Strategy of the Future: Flexible, Scalable and Highly Dynamic
With the right inventory strategy in place, suppliers can quickly pivot to respond to changes in consumer trends and seasonal demands and accelerate forecasting for the future.
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With this acquisition, Barcoding will target both manufacturing facilities and warehouses that have repeatable material handling processes for FRED and Freddie AGVs.
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With technology that automates decision making, companies can avoid risk and capitalize on opportunity, making it possible to keep pace with the volume and velocity of decisions that must be made each day.
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Supply Chain Visibility to Have Biggest Impact on Retailers' Revenue: Study
Challenges ranging from retail crime, such as e-commerce returns fraud and shoplifting-driven shrinkage, to cybersecurity breaches threatening retailer supply chains and data clearly remain acute challenges for retailers.
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ATOM.AI reduces the time to value by 50%. The platform achieves this through its advanced AI/ML capabilities, pre-built feature store, technical notebooks, deep data sets and third-party integrations.
Tredence
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39% of respondents claimed that labor and staffing shortages were directly impacting operations at the in-store level, with retail being one of the most impacted sectors to date.
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text:
from copy import copy, deepcopy
from argparse import ArgumentParser
from decimal import Decimal
from pprint import pprint

# Tokens in input file
QRY_SEP = "******"
NODE_SEP = "***"
GIVEN = "|"
TRUE = "+"
FALSE = "-"
JOINT = ","
EQUALS = "="
PROBABILITY = "P"
EXP_UTILITY = "EU"
MAX_EXP_UTILITY = "MEU"
NORM_NODE = "normal"
DEC_NODE = "decision"
UTILITY_NODE = "utility"
UNDECIDED = "?"

# Global vars
debug = False

def key_of(value, var):
    """
    Key for index/dictionary
    :param value: assignment
    :param var:  variable
    :return:
    """
    return "%s%s" % (value, var)

def format_float(val, digits=2):
    """
    Formats float number to stated precision after rounding it up
    :param val: value
    :param digits:  digits, default = 2
    :return: string formatted from floating point value
    """
    # format = "%" + (".%d" % digits) + "f"
    # return format % val
    if digits == 0:
        return "%d" % round(val)
    rounder = ['0' for i in range(0, digits-1)]
    rounder.append("1")
    rounder.insert(0, ".")
    rounder = "".join(rounder)
    return str(Decimal(str(val)).quantize(Decimal(rounder)))

def complement_value(value):
    """
    gets complemented assignment for given value
    :param value: value who's complement shall be found
    :return: complemented value
    :raises Exception when complement is unknown
    """
    if value == TRUE:
        return FALSE
    elif value == FALSE:
        return TRUE
    else:
        raise Exception("Complement unknown for %s" % value)

class Node(object):
    """
    Node class in bayes network
    """

    def __init__(self, name, cpt, _type='normal'):
        """
        Creates a node
        :param name: name for this node
        :param cpt: Conditional probability table
        :param _type: node type {'normal', 'decision', 'utility'}
        :return:
        """
        self._type = _type
        self.name = name
        self.cpt = {}
        self.parents = {}
        self.ordered_parents = []

        # fist row in cpt is its header
        if len(cpt[0]) > 1:     # it got parents
            for p in cpt[0][1:]:
                self.ordered_parents.append(p)
        if name == UTILITY_NODE:
            pass
        if _type != DEC_NODE:
            for i in range(1, len(cpt)):
                val = float(cpt[i][0])
                key = []
                for j in range(1, len(cpt[i])):
                    key.append(cpt[i][j])

                if _type == NORM_NODE:
                    key.append(key_of(TRUE, name))
                    self.cpt[tuple(key)] = val          # Happened
                    del key[-1]
                    key.append(key_of(FALSE, name))
                    self.cpt[tuple(key)] = 1.0 - val    # Did not happen
                elif _type == UTILITY_NODE:
                    self.cpt[tuple(key)] = val          # Happened

    def probability(self, value, theta):
        """
        Computes probability of this node
        :param value: assignment/value for this node
        :param theta: dictionary having assignments for its parents
        :return: Conditional probability of this node
        """
        if self._type == NORM_NODE or (self._type == DEC_NODE and self.cpt):
            key = []
            for parent in self.ordered_parents:
                key.append(key_of(theta[parent][0], parent))
            key.append(key_of(value, self.name))
            return self.cpt[tuple(key)]
        else:
            if debug:
                print("ERROR: %s%s not known, %s" % (value, self.name, theta))
            return 1.0  # FIXME:

    def __repr__(self):
        return "(%s<%s>: %s :%s)" % (self.name, self._type, self.parents.keys(), self.cpt)

class DecisionNode(Node):
    """
    Decision node with functionality for making and undoing decisions
    """
    def decide(self, value):
        """
        Decides assignment for this node
        :param value: assignment for this node
        :return:
        """
        self.cpt = {
            tuple([key_of(value, self.name)]): 1.0,
            tuple([key_of(complement_value(value), self.name)]): 0.0
        }

    def undecide(self):
        """
        Clears any previous decisions made
        :return:
        """
        self.cpt = {}

class Query(object):
    """
    this class stores query model
    """

    def __init__(self, _type, query, given=None):
        """
        Creates query
        :param _type: query type = {P, EU, MEU}
        :param query: query variables
        :param given: evidence variables
        :return:
        """
        self._type = _type
        self.given = given
        self.query = query
        self.nodes = []
        self.nodes.extend(query)
        if given:
            self.nodes.extend(given)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "%s (%s | %s)" % (self._type, self.query, self.given)

    def decide(self, decisions):
        """
        Updates assignment of undecided variables in query
        :param decisions:
        :return: variables whose values affected this decision
        """
        changed = []
        node_sets = [self.query]
        if self.given:
            node_sets.append(self.given)
        for nodes in node_sets:
            for i in range(0, len(nodes)):
                if nodes[i][1:] in decisions:
                    chars = list(nodes[i])   # because strings cant be modified inplace
                    chars[0] = decisions[nodes[i][1:]]
                    nodes[i] = "".join(chars)
                    changed.append(nodes[i])
        return changed

class Parser(object):
    """
    This class hnows how to parse the input file. The implementation is specific to assignment instructions and format
    """

    def tokenize(self, statement):
        """
        tokenizes a statement
        :param statement: input statement
        :return: list of tokens
        """
        return statement.strip().split()

    def parse_cpt(self, cpt):
        """
        Parses conditional probability table and build bayesian Node
        :param cpt: conditional probability table
        :return: Node
        """
        name = cpt[0][0]
        _type = UTILITY_NODE if name == UTILITY_NODE else DEC_NODE if cpt[1][0] == DEC_NODE else NORM_NODE
        head = cpt[0]
        if GIVEN in head:      # take out '|' token from header
            head.remove(GIVEN)
        if _type in (NORM_NODE, UTILITY_NODE):
            for i in range(1, len(cpt)):
                cpt[i][0] = float(cpt[i][0])
                for j in range(1, len(cpt[i])):
                    cpt[i][j] = key_of(cpt[i][j], cpt[0][j])
            return Node(name, cpt, _type)
        elif _type == DEC_NODE:
            return DecisionNode(name, cpt, _type)
        else:
            print("Error: %s parsing not implemented" % _type)

    def parse_query(self, statement):
        """
        Parses query
        :param statement: query statement
        :return: Query
        """
        tokens = statement.replace("(", " ").replace(")", " ").replace(",", " , ").strip().split()
        name = tokens[0]
        if name in (PROBABILITY, EXP_UTILITY, MAX_EXP_UTILITY):
            query, given = [], []
            i, evidence = 1, False
            while i < len(tokens):
                token = tokens[i]
                if token == JOINT:
                    pass            # nothing needs to be done for this comma
                elif token == GIVEN:
                    evidence = True   # what follows is evidence
                else:
                    tmp = given if evidence else query
                    if (i+1) < len(tokens) and tokens[i+1] == EQUALS:
                        assignment = tokens[i+2]   # ['Node', '=', 'Assignment']
                        i += 2   # equals and the assignment are consumed
                    else:
                        assignment = UNDECIDED     # ['Decision']
                    tmp.append(key_of(assignment, token))
                i += 1              # move ahead for next iteration
            return Query(name, query, given)
        else:
            raise Exception("Not implemented yet! %s" % name)

    def parse(self, in_file):
        """
        Parses input file
        :param in_file: path to input file
        :return: list of Query objects, BayesNet object
        """
        queries = []
        net = BayesNet()
        with open(in_file) as reader:
            for line in reader:         # queries first
                line = line.strip()
                if line == QRY_SEP:
                    break              # Done parsing queries
                elif line:
                    queries.append(self.parse_query(line))
            cpt = []
            for line in reader:         # parse nodes
                tokens = self.tokenize(line)
                if not tokens:    # skip empty lines if there are any
                    continue
                if tokens[0] == NODE_SEP or tokens[0] == QRY_SEP:   # end of current Node
                    if cpt:
                        net.add_node(self.parse_cpt(cpt))
                    cpt = []
                else:
                    cpt.append(tokens)
            if cpt:
                net.add_node(self.parse_cpt(cpt))
        return queries, net

class BayesNet(object):
    """
    This class models a simple Bayes Network
    """

    def __init__(self):
        """
        Creates Bayes Network
        :return: instance of Bayes network
        """
        self.index = {}
        self.topo_sort = []
        self.decision_nodes = []
        self.utility_node = None

    def add_node(self, node):
        """
        Adds a node to this bayes network
        :param node: Node instance
        :return:
        """
        self.index[node.name] = node
        if node._type != UTILITY_NODE:
            self.topo_sort.append(node)
        for parent in node.ordered_parents:
            node.parents[parent] = self.index[parent]

        if node._type == DEC_NODE:
            self.decision_nodes.append(node)
        elif node._type == UTILITY_NODE:
            self.utility_node = node

    def __repr__(self):
        return str(self.topo_sort)

    def compute(self, state):
        """
        Computes probability of a state
        :param state: state
        :return: probability of state
        """
        res = 1.0
        theta = {}
        for state_val in state:
            val, name = state_val[0], state_val[1:]
            node = self.index[name]
            jpd = node.probability(val, theta)
            res *= jpd
            theta[name] = (val, jpd)
        return res

    def build_jpd_table(self):
        """
        Build joint probability table by enumerating all states
        :return: table (i.e. dictionary of state_key:probability)
        """
        nodes = map(lambda x: x.name, self.topo_sort)
        table = {}

        for i in range(0, 2**len(nodes)):
            state = "{0:0{1}b}".format(i, len(nodes))
            key = []
            for j in range(0, len(state)):
                key.append("{0}{1}".format(FALSE if state[j] == '0' else TRUE, nodes[j]))
            table[tuple(key)] = self.compute(key)
        return table

    def compute_utility(self, q, table):
        """
        Computes utility of given state
        :param q: query
        :param table: JPT
        :return: utility value
        """
        total_util = 0.0
        for key, util in self.utility_node.cpt.items():
            query = list(key)
            given = copy(q.query)
            if q.given:
                given.extend(q.given)
            new_q = Query(PROBABILITY, query, given)
            p = self.compute_by_enumerate(new_q, table)
            if debug:
                print("%s = %s" % (new_q, p))
            total_util += p * util
        return total_util

    def compute_max_utility(self, q):
        """
        Searches for maximum utility states
        :param q: query
        :return: (\maximum utility value, decision choices)
        """
        max_util = 0.0
        q_undecided = map(lambda y: y[1:], filter(lambda x: x[0] == UNDECIDED, q.nodes))        # query undecided
        n_undecided = map(lambda y: y.name, filter(lambda x: not x.cpt, self.decision_nodes))   # network Undecided
        h_undecided = set(n_undecided).difference(q_undecided)         # hidden undecided
        undecided = []
        undecided.extend(q_undecided)   # query vars first
        undecided.extend(h_undecided)   # hidden vars last

        rational_decisions = []
        if undecided:
            last_state = ""
            for i in range(0, 2**len(undecided)):
                state = "{0:0{1}b}".format(i, len(undecided))
                decisions = {}
                for j in range(0, len(state)):
                    assign = FALSE if state[j] == '0' else TRUE
                    self.index[undecided[j]].decide(assign)
                    decisions[undecided[j]] = assign
                table = self.build_jpd_table()
                new_q = deepcopy(q)
                choices = new_q.decide(decisions)
                util = self.compute_utility(new_q, table)
                if debug:
                    print("Choices %s = %s " % (choices, util))
                if util > max_util:
                    max_util = util
                    rational_decisions = choices
                last_state = state
            for j in range(0, len(last_state)):
                self.index[undecided[j]].undecide()
        else:
            max_util = self.compute_utility(q, self.build_jpd_table())
        return max_util, rational_decisions

    def compute_by_enumerate(self, q, table):
        """
        Computes probability of a query state by enumerating over JPT table
        :param q: query state
        :param table: joint probability table
        :return:  probability of query state
        """
        res = 0.0
        for key, val in table.items():
            select = True
            for n in q.nodes:
                if n not in key:
                    select = False
                    break
            if select:
                res += val

        if q.given and res > 0.0:   # Conditional probability given evidence
            denominator = self.compute_by_enumerate(Query(q._type, q.given), table)
            if debug:
                print("Joint : %f  / Evidence : %f" % (res, denominator))
            res /= denominator

        undecided_count = self.count_undecided_nodes(q)  # undecided variables mess up
        if undecided_count >= 1:  # if there are undecided nides
            if debug:
                print("%s Undecided Node count = %d" % (q, undecided_count))
            res /= 2 * undecided_count  # reduce to half
        return res

    def make_decisions(self, decisions):
        """
        Makes decisions for decisions nodes
        :param decisions: dictionary of decision assignments
        :return:
        """
        for name, value in decisions.items():
            self.index[name].decide(value)

    def undo_decisions(self, decisions):
        """
        Clears previously made decisions
        :param decisions: dictionary of decisions
        :return:
        """
        for name in decisions.keys():
            self.index[name].undecide()

    def count_undecided_nodes(self, query):
        assignments = dict(map(lambda x: (x[1:], x[0]), query.nodes))
        num_assignments = 0
        for k in assignments.keys():
            if self.index[k]._type == DEC_NODE:
                num_assignments += 1
        return len(self.decision_nodes) - num_assignments

    def query(self, q):
        """
        Queries this bayes net for given query state's probability or utility or maximum expected utility
        :param q: instance of Query
        :return: result as per grading instructions of assignment
        """
        decisions = {}
        if self.decision_nodes:     # assign decisions as per Query
            assignments = dict(map(lambda x: (x[1:], x[0]), q.nodes))
            for dn in self.decision_nodes:
                # print("Assign %s to %s" % (assignments[dn.name], dn.name))
                if dn.name in assignments and assignments[dn.name] != UNDECIDED:
                    decisions[dn.name] = assignments[dn.name]
        self.make_decisions(decisions)
        if q._type == MAX_EXP_UTILITY:
            res, choices = self.compute_max_utility(q)
            choices = map(lambda x: x[0], choices)
            if debug:
                print("%s = %s, %f" % (q, choices, res))
            res = "%s %s" % (" ".join(choices), format_float(res, 0))
        else:
            table = self.build_jpd_table()
            res = None
            if q._type == PROBABILITY:
                res = self.compute_by_enumerate(q, table)
                if debug:
                    pprint(table)
                    sum = 0.0
                    for v in table.values():
                        sum += v
                    print("Sum = %f" % sum)
                    print("%s = %f" % (q, res))
                res = format_float(res, 2)
            elif q._type == EXP_UTILITY:
                res = self.compute_utility(q, table)
                if debug:
                    print("%s = %f" % (q, res))
                res = format_float(res, 0)
        self.undo_decisions(decisions)
        return res

if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = ArgumentParser(description="CSCI561 Spring2016 HW3 Solution for Deciding under uncertainty" \
                                        + " by Thamme Gowda (2074-669439)", version='1.0')
    parser.add_argument("-i", "--input", help="Path to input file", required=True)
    parser.add_argument("-o", "--output", help="Path to output file", required=False, default="output.txt")
    args = vars(parser.parse_args())
    qs, net = Parser().parse(args['input'])

    with open(args['output'], 'w') as out:
        for i in range(0, len(qs)):
            res = deepcopy(net).query(qs[i])
            out.write("%s" % res)
            if i < len(qs) - 1:         # except last one, graders you !!
                out.write("\n")
# END #

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The personal injury attorneys at Schechter, McElwee, Shaffer & Harris are offering enrolled college students the chance to receive a $1,000 scholarship that will go towards furthering their education. This scholarship will be awarded in the Spring of 2019. The applicant must write a 500+ word essay on the below topic.
Write an argumentation about whether a specific policy (of your choosing) in the personal injury system is unjust and requires reform, or is just and should stay the same.
All applicants must be enrolled at an accredited university or community college.


text:
She's Kinda Hot è un singolo del gruppo musicale australiano 5 Seconds of Summer, pubblicato il 17 luglio 2015 come primo estratto dal secondo album in studio Sounds Good Feels Good.

Descrizione
Il brano è stato scritto dai due membri del gruppo Ashton Irwin e Michael Clifford assieme a Benji e Joel Madden ed è composto in chiave di Mi maggiore con un tempo di 116–120 battiti al minuto.

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Nats getty net worth
Nats Getty Net Worth. Nats belong from a rich family who are among the wealthiest in America. They have their own oil company. As of October 2020, Her total net worth is estimated to be around $35 million, which comes from the clothing and lifestyle brand she owns Nats Getty net worth: Nats Getty is an American model, socialite, designer, artist, and LGBTQ rights activist who has a net worth of $30 million. Nats Getty was born in Los Angeles, California in. Nats Getty Net Worth & Earnings. Model/Designer Nats Getty's net worth amounts to an estimate of $5 million dollars. Getty, who is a fashion model at The Next Management earns an average of $693K from her modeling career. Apart from her modeling career, Getty is also a designer, LGBTQ activist & designer Nats Getty is a member of famous people who are known for being a Fashion Designer, celebrities who are 27 years old, was born in November, in the year 1992.Her zodiac sign is Sagittarius. Go to next page for details on Nats Getty's net worth and earnings Nats Getty Net Worth Nats Getty Net Worth is $5 Billion according to Forbes.Nats Getty is the nickname of Nataliya Getty, who is a famous Fashion Designer and a Model.Nats Getty is the Heiress of the Strike fashion Oil Company, which is the great name of 20 Centuries Petroleum Company.This Oil Company is the main source [
Nats Getty Net Worth. Nats Getty was born on November 30, 1992 in Los Angeles, CA. Custom leather jacket designer for her own clothing and lifestyle brand Strike Oil who is also a model and artist. She is an heiress to Getty oil fortune Net Worth. The estimated net worth of her is about USD 2 Billion. She stands 5 feet 6 inches and 59 kgs. Nuts Getty Wiki. Full Name: Natalia Getty Nick Name: Nats DOB: 30th November 1992 Born: Los Angeles, California Nationality: American Religion: Christianit Nats Getty Net Worth. Nats Getty was born on November 30, 1992 in Los Angeles, CA. Custom leather jacket designer for her own clothing and lifestyle brand Strike Oil who is also a model and artist. She is an heiress to Getty oil fortune. Nats Getty is a member of Fashion Designer. Age, Biography and Wiki Who is Nats Getty? Know Gigi Gorgeous' girlfriend's bio, wiki, salary, & net worth including dating, lesbian, partner, engaged, family, age, height, ethnicity, facts Nats Getty is a American Fashion Designer from Los Angeles, California, USA. In this article, we take a look at Nats Getty's net worth in 2020, total earnings, salary, and biography
The billionaire oil heiress Nats Getty was in a romantic relationship with her partner Gigi for around two years, and now the couple took their relationship to the next level and got engaged. Nats' Short Bio, Family Life, Net Worth. Nats was born on 30 November 1992 in Los Angeles, CA Nats Getty. To speak further of her accomplishments, Nats is also a part of the Ariadne Getty Foundation, serving as the foundation's ambassador. She painted a mural in honor of the 49 victims of the 2017 Orlando nightclub shooting, which is displayed in front of the Pulse nightclub. Nats Getty Net Worth Natalia Williams (born November 30, 1992), better known as Nats Getty, is an American model, socialite, designer, artist and LGBTQ rights activist. Early life and family. Getty was born in Los Angeles to Ariadne Getty and Justin Williams..
Nats Getty Net Worth 2020: Age, Height, Weight, Husband
Nats Getty is a American Billionaire dollar oil heiress and androgynous model., who was born on 30 November, 1992 in Los Angeles, CA, USA. Age 25 Years old. Nats Getty Zodiac Sign is Sagittarius, Ethnicity White & religion Not Available.. Nats Getty Net Worth 2018. Nats Getty estimated net worth in 2018 is Under Review.Here we also added Nats Getty previous years Net Worth, Income, Salary. Are you also wondering how much money is Natalia Williams - Nats Getty making on Youtube, Twitter, Facebook and Instagram? Or, Nats Getty's net worth in US Dollar Oct, 2020? Nats Getty salary income and net worth data provided by People Ai provides an estimation for any internet celebrity's real salary income and net worth like Nats Getty based on real numbers Nats Getty is an American Model and Fashion designer and the owner of Strike Oil is the daughter of one of the richest families with around $5 billion net worth. Her personal net worth is $4 million. She is Dating Girlfriend turned fiance Gigi Gorgeous, a Youtuber Transgender. The couple got engaged in March 2018. Bio contains more details of height, family, relationship, brother Nats Getty Net Worth, Age, Height, Weight, Body Measurements, Dating, Marriage, Relationship Stats, Family, Career, Wiki.Scroll below and check our most recent updates about about Nats Getty's Biography, Salary, Estimated Net worth, Expenses, Income Reports & Financial Breakdown 2020
Wildcatter J. Paul Getty became the richest man in the world after consolidating his empire in the U.S. and then striking an impressive oil deal with Saudi Arabia in the 1960s and 70s. Known as a. Nats Getty has a Net Worth of $6 million being a member of $5 billion Getty family. Nats, who uses her mother's name professionally, work along with her mother and brother to renovate Los Angeles LGBT center and GLAAD. She is known for directing and acting in a short movieSmoking Solitary Nats Getty Net Worth. She is the granddaughter of oil tycoon J. Paul Getty and the heiress of oil company. While, her exact net worth is not available, Forbes puts her family fortune to be massive $5 billion making it America's 54 th richest family
Nats Getty Net Worth Celebrity Net Worth
Who is Nats Getty, Her Net Worth and Relationship with Gigi Gorgeous February 29, 2020 - by Joseph N. Colter If uniqueness is an expression of the universal fabric of creation, then she is a choice material to go for
Nats Getty was born Natalia Williams in November 1992. Nats is the granddaughter of Sir John Paul Getty , who at one time was the richest person in the world. Nats Getty Net Worth
Getty family tree and net worth - from Balthazar and John Paul to Gordon, who are the American oil dynasty. Currently Forbes lists the Getty's as the 56th richest family in America
Billionaire Oil Heiress Nats Getty Net Worth 2018
Some fact of Nats Getty Scroll below and check our most recent updates about Nats Getty Biography, Before Fame, Trivia, Family life, Net Worth, Salary, Age, Profession and Zodiac. You can also discover more information about Current Net Worth as well as Monthly / Year Salary, Expense, Income Reports
Nats Getty is allied with GLAAD where she works as a mediator of supplies to LGBTQ center based in Los Angeles. Being born as the granddaughter of John Paul Getty and heiress of a billion-dollar company Strike Oil, Nats family has a net worth of $5 billion. But as of 2018, the net worth of Nats Getty is projected to be $4 million. Nats Getty Caree
Nats Getty - Bio, Net Worth and Relationship With Partner - Gigi Gorgeous image source The Getty name is one that has been around for a long time, but being the heir to a major oil company is not all Nats Getty is known for, she is a designer who is also a model but her modelling takes an unconventional pattern due to the fact she's androgynous
163.9k Followers, 435 Following, 1,263 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Nats Getty Gorgeous (@natsgetty
Nats' Small Bio, Family Living, Net Worth. Nats has been first born on 30 at Los Angeles. She actually is of twenty five decades old and also the arrival sign is Sagittarius. She includes just one called August, who's really just a fashion designer and had been created to Justin Williams along with mom and dad Ariadne Getty as Natalie Getty
Nats Getty Wiki 2020, Height, Age, Net Worth 2020, Family - Find facts and details about Nats Getty on wikiFame.or
Nats Getty biography with personal life, affair, and married related info. Wiki in timeline with facts age, and info of girlfriend, net worth, salary, nationality, age, Instagram, ethnicity
As of November 2020, Getty family is estimated to have a net worth of $6 billion, and we know oil is increasingly adding value because of its demand so their net worth will continue to take an upturn with time. Although the Getty's appears as if they are a very successful life, but their personal life has always been on the rough The ten facts you need to know about Nats Getty, including life path number, birthstone, body stats, zodiac and net worth. View details that no one tells you about The 24-year-old great-grandson of oil tycoon Jean Paul Getty - at one point considered the richest living American in recorded history - is on a mission to implement Old Hollywood glamour, in an.
Nats Getty Net Worth: Salary & Earnings for 2019-202
Ms. Getty, the granddaughter of oil magnate J. Paul Getty, put the six-bedroom, 5,255-square-foot home back on the market this week for $14.1 million. More: Read More About Luxury Homes in the Los. Gigi Gorgeous and Nats Getty's wedding wasn't exactly what they planned it to be. And true to form, the YouTube star is getting very candid with her fans in a new video on her channel
Nats Getty Net Worth, Wiki, Age,Girlfriend, Wife, Gigi
Gigi Gorgeous and Nats Getty Are Blissful Newlyweds as They Bond at the Beach Post Wedding this link is to an external site that may or may not meet accessibility guidelines
Nats Getty suggested her better-half, Gigi stunning, a Canadian online celebrity, at March 2018, later sharing a relationship affair for a couple of decades. On March 10, Gigi shared with the glimpses of this proposal that happened in Paris via a Youtube movie and gave her supporters an instantaneous surprise
For Getty, a 27-year-old model known for her androgynous appeal and bloodline to the American oil dynasty, it was sparks at first sight. Every day in Paris, I kept saying, 'I have a crush on you
Gigi Gorgeous said, I do!. The YouTube beauty guru, 27, married her longtime love Nats Getty, 26, in a spectacular beachfront wedding at the Rosewood Miramar Beach in Montecito, California.
Apr 8, 2018 - Nats Getty Net Worth Nats Getty Net Worth is $5 Billion according to Forbes.Nats Getty is the nickname of Nataliya Getty, who is a famous Fashion Designer and a Model.Nats Getty is the Heiress of the Strike fashion Oil Company, which is the great name of 20 Centuries Petroleum Company.This Oil Company is the main sour
Nats Getty Bio and WIki | Who is Nats Getty? She is an American model, socialite, designer, artist and LGBTQ rights activist. What is her net worth? As of 2019, Nats Getty has a net worth of over $4 million. Who is her partner? Nats Getty is currently engaged with Canadian socialite and YouTuber Gigi Lazzarato. Read further to know more about Nats Getty's age, parents, earnings, family.
The American model, socialite, designer, artist Natalia Williams aka Nats Getty is the owner of the clothing line, Strike Oil. She is also the family member of Getty s (One of the richest families of America) has a net worth of $5 million. Similarly, she also shares the net worth of $2 million with her fiance, Gigi (who is a famous YouTuber). Her clothing line, modeling career, and family.
Nats Getty: Salary and Net Worth. According to the sources, her net worth is estimated to be $4 million while her salary is unknown. Nats Getty: Rumors and Controversy. In Dubai, being a transgender is considered to be illegal. Nats' girlfriend Gigi when went to Dubai was detained for being a transgender Famous Wikis - Celebrities Net Worth, Biography, Wiki! Search for: Nats Getty. Nats Getty Nats Getty is a American Billionaire dollar oil heiress and androgynous model., who was born on 30 November, 1992 in Read More. Read More. Actor. Actor; Stuart Margolin. Actor; Teddy Stauffer The Getty family, which has a net worth of $5 billion, has a storied history in Los Angeles. Jean Paul grew up and founded Getty Oil here in 1967. He also had five sons (17 grandchildren, 17 great. Ms. Getty, who has a longtime life partner, Louie Rubio, a successful music producer and songwriter, is extraordinarily close to August and Nats, whose names are tattooed on her body Its richest member today is philanthropist Gordon Getty, 81, worth an estimated $2.1 billion. His son Andrew was discovered dead Tuesday in his Los Angeles home
Nats Getty Net Worth • Net Worth Lis
Find the perfect Nats Getty stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Select from premium Nats Getty of the highest quality
YouTube star Gigi Gorgeous marries longtime girlfriend, billionaire heiress Nats Getty in lavish Montecito ceremony. By Annita Katee For Dailymail.com. Published: 12:24 EST, 13 July 2019 | Updated.
Gigi Gorgeous and Nats Getty tied the knot on Friday, July 12, 2019, according to social media posts from the couple. Gigi is a beauty guru with 2.2 million followers on Instagram and another 2.9.
Nats Getty Popularity . Most Popular #20702. Fashion Designer #36. 27 Year Old Fashion Designer #2. Sagittarius Fashion Designer #2. Nats Getty Is A Member Of . 27 Year Olds. Fashion Designers. Born in California. Sagittarius. Nats Getty Fans Also Viewed . Gigi Gorgeous. YouTube Star. Ian Connor. Fashion Designer. Chloe Green
Portrait of An Heiress: LA Oil Socialite Nats Getty. by Anita Dolce Vita. I am absolutely stoked to be also lending my talents as a fashion editor to Curve, the nation's best selling lesbian print magazine! I recently got the opportunity to profile Getty oil heiress and designer Nats Getty for Curve
Nats Getty Net Worth; The New York Times. May 24, 2020 From left, Ariadne Getty and her children, Nats and August, tabloid narrative that wealth has forever doomed the family to tragedy and www.nytimes.com. luxury Beverly Hills condo goes on sale for
Gigi Gorgeous Marries Nats Getty in Stunning California Wedding -- Pics. By Liz Calvario 11:28 AM PDT, July 13, 2019 . Presley Ann/Getty Images for GLAAD/The Hollywood Roosevelt
Gigi Gorgeous and Nats Getty. Pic credit: Gigi Gorgeous/Instagram. YouTube sensation and transgender role model, Gigi Gorgeous (otherwise known as Giselle Loren Lazzarato) tied the knot with her. Watch how it began here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxTyFSNeJBQ&t=7s Thank you to everyone who helped make this day so special. Marrying the love of my. Gigi Gorgeous and Nats Getty are married! People reports the couple tied the knot at a beachside ceremony earlier this month in Montecito, California, with the 27-year-old YouTube star wearing a. Nats Getty married YouTube star Gigi Gorgeous in a beautiful beachfront ceremony in Montecito, CA on July 12, four months after getting engaged. Here are five things you should know about the acti Forbes lists the Getty family as the 54th wealthiest family in America, with a net worth of $5 billion. His father Gordon Getty is worth an estimated $2.1 billion
Getty was worth $1.2 billion dollars, which, adjusted to today's inflation, translates to $9 billion. When it came to distributing his wealth, Getty had many people to consider TRANSGENDER YouTube star Gigi Gorgeous has wed billionaire heiress Nats Getty in a stunning Californian wedding. The pair first started dating in 2016 and got engaged in Paris last year. Gigi, 27, Newlyweds Gigi Gorgeous and Nats Getty enjoy some romantic beach time together!. The 27-year-old YouTuber and the 26-year-old model were spotted sharing a smooch on the sand on Sunday (July 14) in. YouTube star Gigi Gorgeous married Nats Getty in a stunning beachfront wedding on Friday. The Canadian beauty influencer and activist, who famously came out as a transgender woman in 2013, married the model and fashion designer in a stunning beach ceremony at the Rosewood Miramar Beach in Montecito, California Ariadne Getty celebrated as Variety's 2019 Philanthropist of the Year for LGBTQ advocacy with August Getty, Nats Getty and Gigi Gorgeous
Aileen Getty was one of these people who suffered because of her family's enormous wealth - yet she's a survivor. How did it all start? Aileen was the second child of Jean Paul Getty II and his first wife, Gail. They had four children including Jean Paul III who was famously kidnapped in the 1970s 1. Nats. Nats is a California native and her parents are Ariadne Getty and Justin Williams.She uses her mother's last name professionally because of its recognizability; her great grandfather on. Home Nats Getty Wiki & Net Worth: Facts About Gigi Gorgeous' Girlfriend. Nats Getty. Nats Getty. More Articles. Ariadna Gutierrez Net Worth: 5 Facts You Should Know. factsfive-February 17, 2018. Ariadna Gutierre is a Colombian actress and model who won the 1st runner-up title in Miss Universe 2015
Nats Getty Wiki, Bio, Age, Height, Net Worth, Partner Gigi
Getty, whose foundation recently made a $1 million gift to Glaad, told me that she is reluctant to say much about All the Money in the World because it covers such a difficult time in her family's. Balthazar Getty's Net Worth & Salary in 2020. The American actor, producer, and musician Balthazar Getty have an estimated net worth of more than $220 million as of 2020. He earned his couple hundreds of millions through the acting roles he did, the music he worked on and from his rich family Anna Getty Net Worth Anna Getty Net Worth 2020, Age, Height, Relationships, Married, Dating, Family, Wiki Biography. Tom Ford. Anna Getty net worth is. $8 Million. Anna Getty Wiki: Salary, Married, Wedding, Spouse, Family Anna Getty was born on October 25, 1972 in Berlin, Germany as Anna Zacher Are you Looking for Balthazar Getty Age, Birthday, Height, Worth, Wife, Family, Net salary, Weight etc..? Find the latest complete information.Balthazar Getty was born on 22 January 1975, in Tarzana, California, United States. He is an American actor and musician known for his famous known for roles Ralph in Lord of the Flies (1990), Bozo in Feast(2005)
Video: Nats Getty Net Worth
Nats Getty Bio, Wiki, Net Worth, Dating, Girlfriend
John Paul Getty obtained his net value as the founder of Getty Essential oil Firm.2 billion (approximately $8. In 1966, he was called the world's richest personal citizen with around net worth of $1. At his loss of life, he was worth a lot more than $2 billion (around $8.3 billion in 2014) In the year 2018, August opened his boutique named August Getty Atelier in Beverly Hills. He as dressed top celebrities like Kim Kardashian, Gigi Gorgeous, Katy Perry, Miley Cyrus, and Rachel McAdams. As of 2019, August's net worth is estimated at $30 million
Nats Getty's Net Worth in 2020 - Money, Earnings, Incom
As of early-2016, sources inform of a net worth that is at $200 million, mostly acquired through a successful career in television. He's also made films throughout his career, and is the great-grandson of J. Paul Getty , the founder of Getty Oil, so is from a family who's familiar with wealth and this may also be the reason for a continued increase in his riches
ed. Gordon Peter Getty is likely to see an increase in pay. Our team currnetly processing the details financial breakdown. We are constantly updating this page with new financial and earning details
Discover the net worth of Nats Getty on CelebsMoney or at NetWorthStatus. Nats Getty's birth sign is Sagittarius and she has a ruling planet of Jupiter. Videos. Links you might like - View Nats Getty height, weight & body stats - Nats Getty's biography and horoscope Getty Kaspers Net Worth. Her income source comes from her successful singing career, songs, and music project work. Getty Kaspers's estimated Net Worth in 2020 is given below in the table. She is making a good amount of Salary from her songs John Paul Getty III was born on November 5, 1956 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA as Jean Paul Getty. He was an actor, known for Der Stand der Dinge (1982), The Territory (1981) and J. Paul Getty in Sutton Place (1972). He was married to Gisela Getty. He died on February 5, 2011 in Buckinghamshire, England. John Paul Getty III is a member of Acto
Keith & Kristyn Getty's Net Worth And Earnings In 2020 Find How Much Does Keith & Kristyn Getty earns year by year. Learn about the current net worth as well as Keith & Kristyn Getty 's earnings, salary, finances, and income Ms. Getty's mother, Ariadne Getty, a granddaughter of oil tycoon J. Paul Getty, recalls how withdrawn Nats had become before the trip to Paris.She said now is the first time her daughter has. John Paul Getty III's recent death brings to a close a tragic chapter in the wealthy family's decades-long drama of strife and eccentricity. Anthony Haden-Guest reports on their woe
Net Worth; Contact; Home Tags Posts tagged with Nats Getty Tag: Nats Getty. Celebrities EJ Johnson Stunned Everyone at the Premiere of Charlie's Angels and LA. by Elsa Stringer November 16, 2019. by Elsa Stringer November 16, 2019. A few days ago, the movie Charlie's Angels premiered in Los Angeles Her family is also the owner of Getty Images. She studied in a private boarding school in England. The 25-year-old loves to tree climbing, surfing, and skateboarding. Her family's net worth is around $5 Billion dollars. Quick facts: Gigi Gorgeou Getty Oil was left in financial disarray when its founder, J. Paul Getty, died in 1976. Getty Oil heir, Gordon Getty, sought to gain control of the company and to increase the company's stock. After a late night out at Paris Fashion Week in February 2016, designer, model and oil heiress Nats Getty begrudgingly stumbled out of bed to go to the airport to pick up the fashion muse of her.
Nats Getty Age, Gender, Family, Net Worth
Nats Getty, Director: Smoking Solitary. Nats Getty was born as Natalia Williams. She is a director and actress, known for Smoking Solitary (2014), Together in Pride: You Are Not Alone (2020) and Shane & Friends (2016). She has been married to Gigi Lazzarato since July 12, 2019 List Net Worth of Getty family, Net Worth 2018 of Getty family, including Gordon Getty, J. Paul Getty, Andrew Getty, John Paul Getty III, Balthazar Getty Gigi Gorgeous, August Getty, Gordon Peter Getty: Net Worth: $ 4.000.000; Användarens intresse Nats Getty över tiden - inflytande i sökningar Användarens intresse Nats Getty för regioner Social Media Statistik & Evolutions - Nats Getty. statistik twitter. Datum följare; 2020-09-12
Nats Getty's Wiki, net worth, drugs
While the story of the kidnapping of J. Paul Getty III has a lot of callous characters, one constant sympathetic figure is his mother, Abigail Gail Harris Getty. Portrayed by Hilary Swank, Gail. The Getty family of the United States identify with George Franklin Getty and his son Jean Paul Getty as their patriarchs. In the 20th century they were heavily involved in the petroleum industry.The Getty family is of Scots-Irish ancestry from their patrilineal lineage, their ancestors having migrated to North America from Cullavmor, County Londonderry, Ireland The Getty family money came from oil.Though J. Paul's father started the family business, he was the one to turn it into a major success after negotiating leases with Saudi Arabia and Kuwait in 1949 Balthazar Getty is an American actor, singer, producer and member of the Getty family, and his current net worth is $250 million. The son of John Paul Getty III and Gisela Martine Zacher, was born in Tarzana, Los Angeles. He was raised in San Francisco before going to school in the UK The Balthazar Getty net worth and salary figures above have been reported from a number of credible sources and websites. However, there are several factors that affect a celebrity's net worth, such as taxes, management fees, investment gains or losses, marriage, divorce, etc
J Paul Getty Net Worth. Net Worth. Undisclosed. Before Fame. He worked pumping gas in his teenage years for a salary of $100 per month Balthazar Getty Net Worth 2020, Biography, Career and Marital Life. Balthazar Getty Net Worth 2020 - Paul Balthazar Getty is an actor from America known for his role in the series 'Charmed.'He is also a musician, presently affiliated with the indie rock band Ringside and rap duo The Wow Mark Getty is owner of the yacht Talitha, built in 1930. He is heir to the Getty Oil fortune and founder of Getty Images. His net worth is US$ 500 millio Gordon Getty After J. Paul Getty's death in 1976, Gordon assumed control of Getty's $3 billion (£2.1 billion) trust. According to Forbes 400, in September 2011 his net worth was $2 billion (£1.4 billion), ranking him number 212 on the list of wealthy Americans About Jean Paul Getty. American businessman John Paul Getty has an estimated net worth of $2 billion at the time of his death. The Anglo-American industrialist founded Getty Oil Company in 1964. Jean Paul Getty or J. Paul Getty was born on December 15, 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota
August Getty Net Worth. August primary income source is Fashion Designer. Currently We don't have enough information about his family, relationships,childhood etc. We will update soon. Estimated Net Worth in 2019: $100K-$1M (Approx.) August Age, Height & Weight. August body measurements, Height and Weight are not Known yet but we will update. Gigi Gorgeous, Nats Getty, honoree Ariadne Getty and August Getty arrive at the Los Angeles LGBT Center's 49th Anniversary Gala Vanguard Awards at The Beverly Hilton Hotel on September 22, 2018 in... Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Image Sabine Getty Net Worth. Sabine primary income source is Fashion Designer. Currently We don't have enough information about his family, relationships,childhood etc. We will update soon. Estimated Net Worth in 2019: $100K-$1M (Approx.) Sabine Age, Height & Weight. Sabine body measurements, Height and Weight are not Known yet but we will update. Balthazar Getty Net Worth: Balthazar Getty is an American film actor and singer who has a net worth of $200 million. Balthazar Getty was born on January 22, 1975, in Tarzana, California. Balthazar is the great-great grandson of Getty Oil Company founder Jean Paul Getty. Jean Paul Getty was the wealthiest person in the world [
Getty family tree and net worth - from Balthazar and John Paul to Gordon, who are the American oil dynasty. mediabest October 11, 2018 And family Getty net Tree wort. The Getty's have lent their name to a museum, research centre, an oil company, a conservation institute and a photo agency Balthazar Getty Net Worth, Age, Height, Weight, Body Measurements, Dating, Marriage, Relationship Stats, Family, Career, Wiki. Scroll below and check our most recent updates about about Balthazar Getty's Biography, Salary, Estimated Net worth, Expenses, Income Reports & Financial Breakdown 2020! He is one of the successful Movie Actor Balthazar Getty was born on January 22, 1975 in Los Angeles, California, USA as Paul Balthazar Getty. He is an actor and producer, known for Lord of the Flies (1990), Lost Highway (1997) and Feast (2005). He has been married to Rosetta Millington since May 3, 2000 Find the perfect Net Worth stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Select from premium Net Worth of the highest quality Gordon Getty Net Worthy of: Gordon Getty can be an American businessman, investor, philanthropist and classical music composer who includes a net really worth of $2.1 billion. Having acquired the majority of his fortune as venture capitalist in the U.S. In 1983, Gordon Getty became the wealthiest person in the us as in those days, Anna Getty Net Worth Anna Zacher makes how much a year? For this question we spent 12 hours on research (Wikipedia, Youtube, we read books in libraries, etc) to review the post. The main source of income: Actors Total Net Worth at the moment 2020 year - is about $245,2 Million. Youtube Biography Anna Zacher [
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Android kontakte ansicht ändern.
Gospelchor wuppertal barmen.
Inhumans netflix.


How might we tell stories differently so that instead of deepening the grooves of a fragmented society, we shift the way we have conversations?
One of the joys of my life as a writer is that I get to meet and hear firsthand so many stories. Yet, as a communicator by profession, I have a profound sadness about how poorly we tend to share stories. The goal of my new venture — Attainable We — is this: How might we tell stories differently so that instead of deepening the grooves of a fragmented society, we shift the way we have conversations?
I don't believe there are absolute truths. Our society evolves based on the storylines we feed it. Look at science — the world of precise measurement and theory. Even there we've done a lot of shifting about what we believe.
got to Newton's era, we were able to believe in a clock-like universe of immutable laws. He helped us feel like we could predict everything. Now we have black holes and dark energy, and at the subatomic level we cannot predict anything.
We are always changing our truths. And finding new things that existed long before we became aware of them. Yet we still have a tendency to talk as if we see everything there is to be seen, have every perspective in place, and can arrive at a "right" answer.
What if the need to be "right" is … irrelevant? Non-existent even? What if there are simply too many legitimate perspectives?
What if we recognized our interconnected dependence?
I am enchanted with the old BBC show "Connections" with James Burke. The message of his show: nothing about our modern world was created in isolation. One idea leads to another and merges with another, to give us the comforts of home we couldn't replicate on our own. How often today do we recognize what we take for granted in daily life?
What if we became aware of how we fragment ourselves?
My kids and I love watching the show "Brain Games." The job of our brains is not to tell us truth, but to gather information and then interpret it, based on what we've been taught to expect. For example, our brain sees 12 lines on a piece of paper and enables us to perceive those lines as a cube. We know the story the depiction is telling us and we interpret it for ourselves.
How easy it is to make us see what we are asked to see — or are instinctively prone to see — rendering other things invisible that are right before our eyes.
Author Jonathan Haidt says in "The Righteous Mind" that people form beliefs not through careful consideration of data, but with gut emotional reactions to experience. We seek facts that justify our beliefs, not the other way around. His book details why liberals, conservatives and libertarians see things in different ways, and why each side is right.
I believe we'll have a safer society not when media only tells good stories, or we've built some magical wall that weeds out the angry and unsafe, but when we learn not to instinctively act on the categories we create.
What if we found a synchronicity in community?
In the aftermath of the violent events in July, what helped me get out of the fetal position was seeing the video of diverse Dallas residents hugging members of the police who had lost five of their colleagues in a sniper attack.
I believe underneath we are one interconnected universe, whether we act like it or not, and someday more of this species will "get" that. Maybe it's about continuing to tell stories with multiple perspectives. Stories of forgiveness rather than blame. Respect for collaboration and nuance rather than contention and declaration.
If we proactively start with the notion that our universe is connected, then maybe the ways we divide ourselves up politically, economically and socially will begin to seem so inconsequential that it no longer makes sense to fixate on them.
That is what my new AttainableWe.com — a space about science, storytelling and social conscience — aims to do.


At what point do the leaders of countries taking in violent refugees get held accountable for their actions? This young woman was trying to help refugees and she paid with her life.
This is who Democrats want to bring to America.


text:
Q: How can you make a .sh file come on at startup in Lubuntu 12.04? Running lubuntu desktop on samsung N145 netbook.
I got so far as /etc/xdg/lxsession/Lubuntu/autostart
and added the line
@home/magpie/touchpad_settings.sh
Where the name of my file is touchpad_settings.sh and it does execute and work if clicked then executed.
This meant I could no longer login and get my panels though, so I undid it with my USB booter and came here to see if anyone could clarify.
Lubuntu does not use a startup manager and this is a home-made file so it won't be in Desktop session settings either.
As suggested in answers below I tried
#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
/bin/sh /home/magpie/touchpad_settings.sh
exit 0

I also tried the lines:
/bin/bash /home/magpie/touchpad_settings.sh

and
sh /home/magpie/touchpad_settings.sh

which did not work.

A: In the file manager, go to /usr/share/applications. Open it with root access (Tools -> Open Current Folder as Root)

In your root access file manager window, create a new file (File -> Create New -> Blank File)

Name the new file touchpad.desktop.

Find your newly created file, right-click it, edit it with leafpad.

In leafpad, paste the following:
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Touchpad Autostart
Exec=/home/magpie/touchpad_settings.sh
Type=Application
Terminal=false

Save it. If you can't save it, you are not in the window with root access. Start over again and follow the directions really carefully.
Again, find your file in the root access file manager window. Right-click and copy.

Now navigate your root window to the autostart folder:
/etc/xdg/autostart/

Finally, paste in your desktop file you created earlier.

If you did everything correctly, you should see a lot of other autostart files, but you will also see the file, "Touchpad Autostart"

This is not the fastest way to do things, but you seemed to be struggling with a lot of steps in the other answers, so I wanted to take it slow with a lot of details. If your script is still not running after rebooting (do not simply logout and back in), it's a problem with your script. Maybe double check?

A: Open /etc/rc.local in your editor with root permission and add the command you want to execute at startup before the line exit 0 in that file.
In your case it is
sh home/magpie/myfile.sh

A: There are several ways of doing it; the easiest may be to follow these instructions at this page and this one and create a folder called autostart to go in the .config folder and then create a .desktop entry with your text editor and save it in the autostart folder. The desktop entry should have the following lines
  [Desktop Entry]
  Name=script.sh
  Exec=/home/mike/script.sh
  Type=Application
  Terminal=false

Another way is by using the rc.local file:
You usually add the complete path of your script to the rc.local file at /etc/rc.local; rc.local is executed only after everything else has started up, and must be made executable (sudo chmod +x), if it isn't already. (Sudo is necessary as the script is owned by root, and that is why some may see it as a security issue for root to start a users's script, but for home desktop users it is reasonable to use the rc.local method.)
However, make sure that you leave the exit 0 as the last line of the rc.local script: for example, my rc.local file contains the location of a script and two other commands.
If you want to make sure your script is run by /bin/sh or /bin/bash, put that in front of the path; e.g. /bin/bash /home/mike/script.
Finally, use either sudo vi /etc/rc.local or gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local to edit the file.
#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing
# my script here
/bin/bash /home/mike/bin/script
exit 0

A: Here is the simplest way i've been adding autostart programs in LXDE environment.

*

*make 'the.sh' to execute the program you want and save it to /home/user/.config/autostart/the.sh (remember tomake it executeable)

*now add to the /home/user/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart file a line
@sh /home/user/.config/autostart/the.sh and restart the computer.
thats it.

NB! some programs need to be delayed at startup so for an example the 'conky.sh' must be
#!/bin/sh

sleep 3
conky

--so maybe the first way you tried to autostart 'touchpad_settings.sh' just needs a delay in .sh file.

A: You just used a wrong path in /etc/xdg/lxsession/Lubuntu/autostart:
In the line:
@home/magpie/touchpad_settings.sh

the @ will be removed, and the rest executed as a shell command.
It uses a relative path:
home/magpie/touchpad_settings.sh

So if the current working directory is /home/magpie, the script it runs is /home/magpie/home/magpie/touchpad_settings.sh
Add a / to fix it, and make sure the script has the execute permission:
@/home/magpie/touchpad_settings.sh

(The @ means it will get restarted if it exits.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


While his talents weren't greatly utilized in this spring's 300: Rise of an Empire, the same can't be said for Jack O'Connell's next dramas. This month his prison drama Starred Up finally lands in the U.S. (our review) and later this year he'll be seen leading Angelina Jolie's WWII survival story Unbroken.
The rising actor also recently went to war in Yann Demange's '71, a film which earned much acclaim at Berlin Film Festival earlier this year and follows O'Connell as a British soldier who fights in Belfast in 1971. Also starring Sean Harris, Richard Dormer and Paul Anderson, the first trailer has now landed (via The Guardian) and can be seen below. One can see the film in UK theaters on October 10th and it will likely be released by Roadside Attractions next year.
1971, and the conflict in Northern Ireland is escalating towards civil war. Young English recruit Gary is called into action in Belfast. The situation in the city is confusing and challenging – even for experienced military commanders. The town is divided into 'loyal' Protestant and 'hostile' Catholic areas. Both parties have paramilitary units; in addition, radical street gangs and undercover agents from all sides are trying to assert their interests on their own initiative. During a patrol, the soldiers become embroiled in a scuffle and one of them loses their weapon. Gary and a fellow soldier follow the thief who disappears into the crowd. Suddenly Gary is having to fend for himself alone in the midst of enemy territory. His journey back to his base that night is an odyssey filled with uncertainty, fear and desperation. Director Yann Demange exposes the futility of war in which every act of violence only breeds more violence. An existentialist nocturne about hidden identities, creeping paranoia and those forced to take a stand. As the film progresses, it gradually breaks free from specifics to become a more universal anti-war parable.


text:
Contest: Win Batwoman: The Complete Second Season on Blu-ray and Digital!
Prizing for this giveaway is provided by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment.
At the end of the first season, Crows Commander Kane (Dougray Scott) has declared war on Batwoman, forcing everyone around them to choose sides. Season two kicks off with a major game-changer that alters Gotham City and The Bat Team forever. A new hero emerges from the shadows. Relatable, messy, loyal, and a little goofy, Ryan Wilder (Leslie) couldn't be more different than the woman who wore the Batsuit before her, billionaire Kate Kane. Living in her van, Ryan has been made to feel trapped and powerless by the system her whole life and believes the Batsuit is the key to breaking out of it. But what she'll come to discover is that it's not the suit that makes Ryan Wilder powerful, it's the woman inside of it who finds her destiny in changing Gotham City for good.
Batwoman: The Complete Second Season is now available on Blu-ray and DVD, and we have one copy of the Blu-ray pack to give away to a lucky winner! You have from now through midnight Eastern time on the night of Monday, October 11, 2021, to get your entries in. Take a look at the form below to see all the ways you can enter.
Legal Stuff: This giveaway is not sponsored, endorsed, administered by, or associated with Facebook. When you enter our giveaways, Fandomania is the only organization that receives your information. We do not share any of your information with our sponsors or any other companies.
Contest: Win Batwoman: The Third and Final Season on Blu-ray and Digital!
Contest: Win Batwoman: The Complete First Season on Blu-ray and Digital!
Fangirl's Guide to The CW's DC Universe
Women of the DC Universe Batwoman Bust
Supernatural 11.09 – "O Brother, Where Art Thou?" Recap
Jason is the founder and managing editor of Fandomania. He is severely into toy collecting, plays a worryingly large amount of games, watches way too many movies and TV shows, and reads more than his fair share of books and comics. He also likes guacamole.


text:
You are here: Home » 2018 » Leftovers
As of this writing, Sam Ehlinger will play tomorrow versus Kansas. Ehlinger was out for most of the Baylor game and the second half of the Iowa State game because of a right shoulder injury. That's almost 15 percent of the season that Ehlinger has missed so far. The initial injury to the shoulder and the re-injury occurred when Ehlinger was running the ball. The threat of quarterback runs are a major component of the offense that Texas runs now. Ehlinger's health and availability is an issue that Tom Herman could be dealing with for what's the remainder of this and the next two seasons.
Speaking of backup quarterbacks, the new redshirt rule allows a player to appear in up to four games without burning a year of eligibility. Shane Buechele has appeared in two games this season. Let's say Ehlinger goes down tomorrow with a season ending injury, and Buechele leads the Horns to a victory. Heaven forbid that Ehlinger goes down for the year, but if he does I assume Buechele will end up appearing in five games this year and use his junior year of eligibility.
I wonder if Buechele would prefer to redshirt this year and transfer to another school with two years of eligibility remaining. I also wonder, with three games left at most, if there's any chance we'll see either Cameron Rising or Casey Thompson this season. They could play in any or all the games remaining without using a year of eligibility. This is the kind of thing that I think about before I go to sleep at night. Do you think there's something wrong with me?
While we're on the subject of redshirts and eligibility, freshman Ayodele Adeoye (add to dictionary), a four-star recruit has appeared in two games, Texas Tech and Iowa State. Adeoye has been impressive in practice and it would be nice if he could be an upgrade now over Anthony Wheeler but I haven't noticed him on the field and officially he has no tackles. Keep an eye out for him against Kansas.
One other interesting note on red shirts and then I'll move on. Receiver John Burt has played in three games but he will definitely be redshirted this year. If Collin Johnson and or Lil' Jordan Humphrey leave after this season for the NFL , I hope Burt can compensate for those losses and be the difference maker we had hoped for after he led the team in receptions in 2015.
Mensa-boy Tom Herman needs to do a better job of clock management. After Andrew Beck recovered Iowa State's onside kick there was 1:33 left in the game. Iowa State had one time out left. If Herman had instructed Buechele to take a knee four times, there would have been less than :10 left when Iowa State got the ball back down by 14 with no timeouts. Instead, stupidly, Herman called a running play. Daniel Young fumbled and Iowa State got the ball back with 1:26 left with one timeout. Bad things still could have happened. Luckily they didn't, but if Herman makes another flub like this, it could be costly.
Wouldn't it be something—after nine years in the wilderness—if by Friday around 2:30pm or so the Horns had secured a spot in the Big 12 Championship game.
I don't know if I can watch. Okay, I probably will.
Sorry that this a bit brief, but it's post-Thanksgiving dinner at my house and I'm going to try and fall asleep watching the Cowboys and Redskins.
HooK 'Em,
1 Comment to "Leftovers"
Wade Wallace
Willie Earl, take comfort in knowing the redshirt possibilities keeping you awake at night does not mean something is wrong with you. There are, however, plenty of other things to indicate something is wrong with you, lol.
Adeoye- he might not have any stats but I saw him shed a block or two against upperclassmen last week that, at a minimum, gives us hope. Let's win in Lawrence and on to Arlington.
Hook 'em!


text:
Product Narrative: Eyeglasses (Chinese)
Mathilde Chaudron, Margaret Savage, Frederic Seghers, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Alison End Fineberg, Barbara Goedde, ATscale, Global Disability Innovation Hub, UCL, Catherine Holloway, Katherine Perry, Dr Ben Oldfrey, Priya Morjaria, Vicki Austin
At least 1 billion people have a vision impairment that is uncorrected or could have been prevented. Refractive error is the most common cause and can easily be corrected with eyeglasses. The unmet need (at least 826 million) is concentrated in lower-and middle-income countries.
Key market barriers include: low levels of investment by governments; high costs to the end-users; complex in-country supply chains; a service delivery model that requires high levels of resources in terms of personnel and infrastructure; limited number of points of services and sales; and low awareness and acceptance of eyeglasses. Innovations in the identification of refractive errors, refraction devices, service delivery, and eyeglasses themselves may provide opportunities to address some of these barriers.
Increasing access to eyeglasses to eliminate the burden of uncorrected refractive errors in LMICs will require a multisectoral approach that brings together the public and the private sector, multilateral organisations, and donors. This will require an approach that increases the demand for eyeglasses, raises the number of access points for screening and provision, and accelerates the availability of affordable products.
To achieve this, we propose five strategic objectives that can strengthen the market in both the short and longer-term:
• Mobilise key stakeholders, including donors, multilaterals, NGO implementers, and the private sector, around reliable data and scalable proven models to accelerate efforts against vision impairment caused by refractive errors.
• Strengthen global policy guidance around service delivery standards for low-resource settings to accelerate the adoption of innovative models, devices, and products that support a simplified service delivery.
• Support governments to develop comprehensive eye care plans integrating validated models of vision screening and provision within the public health system, and facilitate scale-up of those models.
• Engage the private sector to expand delivery of affordable, quality eyeglasses and related services in LMICs.
• Build and drive awareness and consumer demand for eyeglasses.
We would also appreciate receiving ongoing feedback and comments on these documents. To provide your feedback on the eyeglasses document and/or to indicate interest in participating in consultations with CHAI, please use the following link.
To learn more about the AT2030 programme, please write to Rosa Salazar at rosa.salazar@ucl.ac.uk. For questions on ATscale, please write to Alison End Fineberg, Director of ATscale, at alison@atscale2030.org.
Cite as: Chaudron et al. (2020), Product Narrative: Eyeglasses (Chinese), AT2030 programme & ATscale Global Partnership for Assistive Technology. Available at: https://at2030.org/pn-eyeglasses-chinese/


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text:
Home World
Russia offers Ukraine's passports | The Herald
in World
ST PETERSBURG — Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed an order simplifying the procedure for obtaining a Russian passport for residents of separatist-controlled eastern Ukraine, prompting an angry response from Kiev.
Five years of war between Ukrainian troops and Russian-backed forces have killed 13,000 people despite a notional ceasefire signed in 2015.
Russia's move is an early test for the Ukrainian president-elect Volodymyr Zelenskiy, who won a landslide victory in Sunday's presidential election and has pledged to find a peaceful solution to the conflict. There was no immediate comment from Zelenskiy's team.
"We have no desire to create problems for the new Ukrainian leadership, but to tolerate a situation in which people living in the territory of Donetsk and Luhansk republic are generally deprived of any civil rights, this is already crossing the line from the point of view of human rights," Putin said.
Ukraine Foreign Minister Pavlo Klimkin denounced the move on Twitter as a "continuation of aggression and interference in our internal affairs", urging Ukrainians living under occupation not to apply for Russian passports.
Ukraine said it had informed the United Nations about Russia's move and also asked the EU to take "prompt and decisive" action.
Rebellions broke out against Ukrainian government rule in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions in 2014.
Moscow provided military help for the separatists, according to evidence gathered by Reuters, though Russian officials have denied providing material support.
Swathes of the two regions are now under the de facto control of the Moscow-backed rebels, while Kiev says it is determined to re-assert its control, a position backed by most Western countries.
Oleksandr Turchynov, the secretary of Ukraine's national security council, said Russia's move was intended to give Moscow legal cover for deploying its troops to eastern Ukraine on the pretext of protecting Russian citizens.
Russia has consistently denied Western and Ukrainian accusations that it sends troops and heavy weapons to fight Ukrainian forces in the region.
Relations between Ukraine and Russia plunged after the Maidan street protests in Kiev in 2014 prompted a Kremlin-backed Ukrainian president to flee into exile.
Russia annexed Ukraine's Crimea peninsula a month later in March 2014, triggering Western sanctions.
The United States, the European Union and Russia will be closely watching Zelenskiy's foreign policy pronouncements to see if and how he might try to end the conflict.
Immediately after Zelenskiy's victory, the Kremlin had said it was premature to talk of Putin congratulating Zelenskiy or the possibility of the two leaders working together.
Zelenskiy has pledged to keep Ukraine on a pro-Western course while sounding less emphatic than his predecessor President Petro Poroshenko about possible plans for the country of 42 million people to one day join the EU or NATO. — Reuters
Belt & Road conference kicks-off in Beijing
Botswana ready to increase Zim trade ties
ZACC applauds Govt | The Herald
Stakeholders meet over Mines and Minerals Bill
Strive Masiwa Reveals Steps He's Taking To Connect Africa
Mine Entra begins | The Chronicle


text:
ETSC
Rare Species Guide
Utterbackiana suborbiculata Say, 1831
Flat Floater
MN Status:
special concern
(as Anodonta suborbiculata)
Federal Status:
CITES:
Unionoida
Habitats:
Large Rivers
(Mouse over a habitat for definition)
Map Interpretation
Anodonta suborbiculata
Basis for Listing
The Flat Floater (Utterbackiana suborbiculata) is distributed across parts of the central and eastern United States and is at the northern extent of its continental range in Minnesota. This species was not historically known from the state; it was first discovered in Minnesota in a backwater lake in Pool 8 of the Mississippi River by Havlik (1981). It has since been found at a handful of additional sites in Pools 9, 7, and 5A, and in Lake St. Croix of the St. Croix River near Stillwater, suggesting its range may be expanding in Minnesota as it has in other areas (Williams et al. 2008; Watters et al. 2009; Howells et al. 1996). Although these populations are apparently reproducing, fewer than 30 live individuals have been collected from the Minnesota portion of the Mississippi River, and only four live individuals have been collected from the St. Croix River (as of 2015). This species appears to be restricted mostly to backwater lakes with little or no incoming flow, a habitat that is limited in the Mississippi River due to sediment load filling. More surveys of backwater habitats in the Mississippi River are needed to establish the distribution, abundance, and ecology of this species in Minnesota. In 2013, the Flat Floater was designated a species of special concern.
The Flat Floater has a large and fragile sub-circular and laterally compressed (flat) shell, with a straight dorsal margin. The umbos (beaks) are flat and do not extend above the hinge line; they are sculptured, with two diverging rows of shallow tubercles or broken ridges resembling double loops. Teeth are absent, and the beak cavity is shallow. The outside of the shell is light brown or golden, smooth and glossy, sometimes with weak green rays. The inside of the shell (nacre) has a silvery, salmon, or orangish color. Length: up to 18 cm (7 in.), sexes are alike. The Giant Floater (Pyganodon grandis) is similar but is less round, more inflated, not glossy; umbos extend above the hinge line, and beak sculpture has more robust double loops. The Pink Papershell (Potamilus ohiensis) is also similar but usually has a more pronounced posterior and anterior wing, darker color, pinkish-purple nacre, and thin pseudocardinal and lateral teeth.
In Minnesota, the Flat Floater occurs primarily in silt or soft mud dominated substrates of backwater lakes with little or no incoming flow that are deep enough to prevent complete freezing in winter. The population in Lake St. Croix occurs in similar substrate at depths of up to 9 m (30 ft.). In other regions, the Flat Floater occurs in floodplain lakes, sloughs, oxbows, and reservoirs associated with large streams and rivers (Williams et al. 2008).
Biology / Life History
For most of their lives, mussels are sedentary filter feeders that live buried in the sediments of permanent rivers or lakes. Mussels frequently live in dense aggregations called "mussel beds" that contain 10-30 different species, but isolated lentic (still, fresh water) habitats frequented by the Flat Floater are less diverse and contain fewer than 10 different species (Haag 2012). Mussels burrow into the substrate and can move around slowly with the use of their foot, a hatchet shaped muscle that is extended out between the valves. A mussel will insert its foot into the sediment and then contract it to pull itself along the bottom of its aquatic habitat.
Mussels eat by filtering out small organic particles, including bacteria, algae, and fungus from the water. They draw in water through an incurrent siphon, remove food and oxygen with their gills, and expel the water and waste through their excurrent siphon. Food particles are carried to the mussel's mouth by tiny hair-like cilia on the gills (Cummings and Graf 2014).
The Flat Floater, like other freshwater mussel species, has a fascinating and complex life cycle [BS2] (Haag 2012). Fertilized eggs are brooded in the female's outer gills, where they develop into tiny clam-shaped larvae called "glochidia". In Shannon Lake, Kansas, Flat Floater spawned from mid-September through mid-October, and glochidia were released by the end of February (Barnhart et al. 1996). Utterback (1915) observed gravid individuals in Missouri holding mature glochidia from December through March. This variation could be regional or due to differences in seasonal temperature curves. The spawning and larval brooding cycle has not been examined in Minnesota. To complete development, the glochidia must attach to the gills or fins of a suitable host fish, where they undergo an anatomical metamorphosis and adult structures develop, including paired adductor muscles, gills, a foot, and a digestive system. When juveniles are fully developed, they release from the fish, fall to the substrate, and begin life as free living mussels (Haag 2012).
Mussels employ a variety of strategies to transfer their glochidia to the host, many of which involve elaborate examples of food mimicry to attract a suitable host. Flat Floater mussels have hooked glochidia, barbed spikes on the ventral margin of the larval shell that are adapted for attaching to fins and other soft external tissues. These glochidia are released in a mucus strand or web that entangles on passing fish and allow glochidia to attach to fins (Roberts 1997). Several fishes have been identified as hosts for the Flat Floater in laboratory trials, including Warmouth (Lepomis gulosus), White Crappie (Pomoxis annularis), Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Golden Shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), and Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). Other fish species have been found with attached glochidia in the wild: Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), White Crappie, Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), Largemouth Bass, Golden Shiner, Freshwater Drum (Aplodinotus grunniens), and Brook Silverside (Labidesthes sicculus). Since glochidia are released in winter, when the water temperature is cold, the period of attachment to the host is likely prolonged. Roberts (1997) found that it took about 43 days for glochidia to transform into juveniles at 10 °C (50°F), 20 days at 15 °C (59°F), and only 9 days at 20 °C (68°F).
The lifespan of mussels varies widely among species, with some attaining advanced ages of many decades to over a century (Haag 2012). Flat Floaters grow rapidly, reaching about 7 cm (3 in.) in their first growing season and sexual maturity by age one or two (Barnhart et al. 1996). The maximum age reported is six years (Cope 1983 in Barnhart et al. 1996).
Conservation / Management
Because mussels are sedentary animals with a complex life cycle, they are sensitive to a variety of environmental disturbances. Glochidia and newly transformed juveniles are especially vulnerable. Pollution and habitat degradation throughout the Flat Floater's range are ongoing threats. Of particular concern is the sedimentation and filling of backwater lakes, the primary habitat for this species in Minnesota.
Conservation Efforts in Minnesota
The MN DNR's Mussel Program continues to survey streams in Minnesota to locate new populations, including backwater habitats frequented by the Flat Floater, and monitor survival and recruitment in existing populations.
The DNR has field guides available to help identify freshwater mussels occurring in Minnesota (Sietman 2003) and the Mississippi River (Tiemann et al. 2015). Additional information on the DNR's mussel program is found here (http://dnr.state.mn.us/mussels/index.html).
Authors/Revisions
Bernard E. Sietman (MNDNR), 2018
(Note: all content ©MNDNR)
References and Additional Information
Barnhart, M. C., A. D. Roberts, and F. Ruisech. 1996. Reproductive biology and ecology of the Flat Floater mussel, Anodonta suborbiculata Say in Kansas. Report to Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Pratt. 52 pp.
Cummings, K. S., and C. A. Mayer. 1992. Field guide to freshwater mussels of the Midwest. Illinois Natural History Survey Manual No. 5. 194 pp.
Cummings, K. S., and D. L. Graf. 2014. Mollusca: Bivalvia. Pages 423-506 in J. Thorp and D. C. Rogers, editors. Ecology and General Biology: Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates. Academic Press, Cambridge, Massachusettes.
Fuller, S. L. 1985. Freshwater mussels of the Upper Mississippi River. I. Brynildson, editor. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin. 63 pp.
Haag, W. R. 2012. North American freshwater mussels: natural history, ecology, and conservation. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York. 538 pp.
Havlik, M. E. 1981. The northern extension of the range of Anodonta suborbiculata (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Nautilus 95(2):89-90.
Howells, R. G., R. W. Neck, and H. D. Murray. 1996. Freshwater mussels of Texas. Texas Parks and Wildlife Press, Austin, Texas. 218 pp.
NatureServe. 2009. NatureServe Explorer: an online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. <http://www.natureserve.org/explorer>. Accessed 22 June 2009.
Roberts, A. D. 1997. Reproductive biology of the Flat Floater mussel, Anodonta suborbiculata, Say, 1831 (Mollusca: Unionidae). Thesis, Missouris State University, Springfield. 148 pp.
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Starting at just $59/month or $599 for the year, the core membership includes total access to the facility and training floor as well as a select set of fitness and yoga classes. Current Core Classes: Knockout Conditioning, Cardio Core, Power to Core, Restore.
Starting at just $149/month or $1499 for the year, the unlimited membership includes total access to our amazing 21,000 square foot facility, unlimited yoga and fitness classes, child care, discounts on special programs and training, towel services, and more. Current Unlimted Classes: All classes listed below.
We also offer class pack options and drop-in rates for fitness classes anytime!


Super cute Set of two either tees or Onesies or one of each, Personalized Big Sister Girl and Baby Sister Girl Giraffe tee shirt with awesome Giraffes. This design can actually be done with any combination of boy and girl. If you don't see a listing in my store for the exact combination just send me a convo and I'll let you know how to order it in the combination you need.
Name of each noting which is big sister and which is baby sister if you want it added.
My daughter received the shirts in a very timely manner. She absolutely adores them. Thank you very much. I apologize for the very late posting of your review. Getting everything ready for the baby's arrival next week. Again, thank you.
I received them quickly. They are so adorable.
This was a gift. The parents loved it. Can't wait for the girls to wear it.
Adorable. Shipped quickly. Will buy more items in the future.
Love them! They're totally adorable.