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is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Shirō Tsunashima. The story revolves around two girls who end up piloting giant humanoid robots called "Jinki" (which translates to "man-machine") and the manipulation behind the scenes that drew them inexorably together in a final battle. It takes place in two parts, in Venezuela during 1988 (Jinki), and in Tokyo, Japan in 1991 (Jinki: Extend). An anime television series adaptation animated by Feel aired from January to March 2005. The 13th episode never aired on television and was released as an OVA. This title was picked up in North America by ADV Films for $91,000, who released the series in three volumes and box set. However, in 2008, the title along with over thirty other ADV titles were transferred to Funimation.

Plot
Aoba loves to make model robots. One day she is taken to a secret base where she saw first a new mecha. It is design to fight the Ancient Jinki.

Characters

"Angel" Members

 Main pilot of Moribito Type-02 during the Venezuela arc and the protagonist of the original Jinki manga series and the Jinki: Extend anime. An avid plastic modeler and only daughter of Tsuzaki Shizuka. She would be "kidnapped" by Ryouhei Ogawara of the special "Angel" unit in Venezuela and join it to combat the Kodai-Jinki (Ancient Jinki) that were appearing rapidly all over the Table Mountain. In the manga, she and Ryouhei are childhood friends from many years earlier, while in the anime they apparently are not.

 One of the members of "Angel" and a former Jinki pilot. He is the only son of Genta Ogawara and is rash and short-tempered. His loyalty to his family and friends however, is second to none. When Genta was slain by Kokushou, Ryouhei vowed to avenge his father, and as seen in the J:E arcs, he would be traveling around searching for a "Katana user". During J:E, he would replace Genta as the leader of "Angel". During the Lost Years arc, Ryouhei would pilot the Moribito Type-0 in search of his father's slayer. In the manga, he and Aoba are childhood friends from many years earlier, while in the anime they apparently are not. It is also notable that while in the anime Ryouhei seemed to play only a support role, in the manga he plays a much larger role in the story.

 Main pilot of Moribito Type-02 during the Tokyo arc and is the protagonist for the J:E manga series. She is a serious girl that made her a group of hitojyogi. Akao is an amnesiac and does not remember anything from before 3 years ago, which was about the same time the events of the Venezuela arc happened. Akao is in fact a clone of Genta's late wife Akana Ogawara, created by Kokushou out of spite for his former mentor.

 Leader of "Angel". Shizuka leads the members of Angel against the mysterious Kodai-Jinki, and she is also the mother of Aoba. Shizuka ordered Aoba's kidnapping because she believed Aoba's cognate abilities would benefit Angel. Her true intentions however, was to turn Aoba into a killing machine that would follow her and Kokushou in destroying the world. The reasons behind this weren't explained in the anime, but was elaborated in detail in the manga series, specifically in volume 7 of Jinki: Extend. After the events in the Venezuela arc, the trauma dealt to her during the conflict turned her into a human vegetable, and her life was eventually used to create the clone, Shiva.

 Leader of "Angel" after Shizuka, and former Jinki pilot as well as having first rate skills with the sword. He trains Aoba seriously. Genta is Ryouhei's father and close acquaintance of Shizuka. Genta would later die from a mortal wound caused by his former student, Kokushou, once known as Hino Hakuya, in a duel. Genta also once piloted the Moribito Type-0, prototype of Moribito Type-01.

 A young tomboy genius with IQ over 300 and grand-daughter to one of Angel's former Jinki scientists. Elny is a budding Jinki technician as well as an able Jinki pilot. Her favorite sport is soccer. Elny first met Aoba and Ryouhei in Venezuela when they were escaping from the military with Moribito's core. With Elny's help, the two were able to rebuild Moribito and fight again. In J:E, Elny pilots the Brocken Touja.

 A young Cognate who works at an Inn and makes her debut in the J:E arc. Satsuki is the young sister of Jinki technician Kawamoto Hiroshi, and loves her brother dearly. Being weak and pacifistic, Satsuki would almost fall prey to the efforts of the predatory Karis Nohman of the Hachishoujin although she would be rescued by Ryouhei and members of the Tokyo division of Angel. Satsuki would later pilot the jinki Nana-Two Light.

 A mysterious woman bent on revenge. In the anime, she was after J. Harn, a member of the Hachishoujin, to avenge the death of her younger brother, Cecil. In the manga however, she was also after J. Harn, but as revenge for the betrayal he wrought on her (as she does not have a younger brother in the manga). Her true name is Michelle E. Harn. Mel J. is an expert marksman whose skills were taught by her former mentor J. Harn. In the manga, Mel J. has the ability to regenerate wounds and damage at an accelerated rate. She pilots the silver-plated Schneigar Touja.

 During Jinki, Minami was the chief of Heavens' recovery team in Kanaiman Angel. In J:E, she was "Angel"'s representative and helps coordinate everything. The more playful Minami of the Jinki arc was replaced with the more serious and responsible adult that she becomes in the J:E arc. During the Venezuela arc, Minami was the upper operator of the Nana-Two Way Custom.

 A "cool" girl is the best way to describe her. Although Rui bears the same surname as Minami, they are in fact not at all related. Rui was put into Minami's care when her father Cole Window, former chief of Heavens' recovery team, lost his life to avenge his friends. Minami treats Rui as if she was her own daughter. When Rui first appeared in the Venezuela arc, she would challenge Aoba many times to become the main pilot of the Moribito. The two would become friends through the process, but their rivalry never ends. Rui pilots the Nana-Two Way Custom with Minami during the Venezuela arc, but she will switch to the Nana-Two Mild in the Tokyo arc.

 One of the many technicians of Angel's Kanaiman branch "Heavens".

 In the anime Kouse is an orphan who, under Shizuka's care, is trained to be a Jinki pilot and cold-blooded killer. She would send him to "test" Aoba in the anime. In the manga however, Kouse was not related to Shizuka in any way, and although he was still an orphan, he was a member of the military, and worked with Shouse (who did not appear in the anime) to stop the autonomous actions of "Angel" in Venezuela. In either case, Aoba befriends him and they work together to stop Kokushou in the manga. In the anime, he would be shot by Shizuka and although he was wounded he does not die from it. Kouse pilots with Shouse, the Jinki "Schneigar CX". In J:E, Kouse is a Jinki test-pilot as well as regular member of "Angel". In what little appearances he made in J:E, he was last seen piloting the prototype flight/transformation-capable Jinki called D-77 Masamune.

 Shouse appears only in the manga. He is a red-headed member of the Venezuelan military, and is Kouse's partner as a Jinki operator. He too would later join "Angel", but would leave the battlefield, and acts as Angel's Uliman branch's intelligence operative; basically a spy.

Kyomu

 Formerly known as Hino Hakuya. Former student of Ogawara Genta, pilot of the Moribito Type-01 as well as leader of Kyomu and Aoba's father. Kokushou (meaning Dark General), wasn't always so hating of the world.
 Kokushou in anime
 As a child, Hakuya was in love with Akana. Later in jealous rage he tried to kill Genta. Instead, Akana threw herself to stop Hakuya, dying in the process. This drives Hakuya on a nihilistic quest to destroy the world. Soon after killing Akana accidentally, Hakuya rapes Shizuka.
 Kokushou in manga
 As a young boy, Hino Hakuya lead a bright and happy life as a Jinki test pilot, and with the love of his life, Tsuzaki Shizuka by his side, nothing was better. However, he would one day be scarred when the Venezuelan military holds Shizuka hostage so that he would crush a peaceful riot with the brutal murderous force of a Jinki, the Moribito Type-01. When he returned to base, he learns that Shizuka had been raped by the soldiers, and in his rage, slaughtered everyone else he saw. Hakuya would come to the conclusion that Jinki are evil, and he set out to kill every living Jinki scientist to cleanse the world of it. In the ensuing chaos, Hakuya would kill many, until he faced his former mentor, Ogawara Genta, in a Jinki battle. Hakuya would be blinded in that battle and though he lost, he would from then on curse the living and promised the destruction of all.
 Thus Kokushou was born. Kokushou would gather a group of elite soldiers, and create the Hachishoujin. He created the clones, Shiva, and Akao, and with aid from unknown benefactors, he was supplied with many Jinki and bio soldiers to achieve his ends. Kokushou pilots the Moribito Type-01 in the manga. In the anime however, he was seen only to have piloted the Kiribito Core.

 The apparent leader of the Hachishoujin as well as a member herself. She serves Kokushou without question and is in fact, the clone of the late Tsuzaki Shizuka. In the anime, she pilots a black Moribito Type-01, but in the manga, she pilots the Kiribito Core (and thus possibly the Kiribto Zai as well, but that has yet to be revealed.) During the Lost Years arc, Shiva pilots the jinki called Black Rondo. In this arc, Shiva is gravely wounded in combat against Ogawara Ryouhei in the Moribito Type-0, suffering severe damage to her reproductive organs. Whether or not these injuries will have any effect on the plot or story is unknown, although a comment made by Yao after he rescues Shiva suggests this. According to official sources, "Shiva", is the correct spelling of her name, though the more popular version "Shiba" is used by many fans.
 Karis Nohman
 An enhanced human and extreme woman hater. He is sadistic to no end and would go into a frenzy if his target is female. He pilots the customized Bargoil Scissor.

 In the anime and manga, Hamad is a member of the Hachishoujin. In the anime however, he was just a simple sex lusting pervert who disobeyed Shiva's commands and was killed for it. In the manga he was a bit more, though still not far from being his anime counterpart. Hamad excels at hypnotism and combat with cloth, and often teams up with Karis. Hamad's Jinki is called K-Ma.
 Cecil
 A young boy genius and a member of the Hachishoujin. He feels an affinity for Elny, who like himself, is a young genius, who feels alone and misunderstood in the world of adults. Although Elny would persuade him to change sides, he would refuse the offer and leave. His Jinki is able to transform into a helicopter-esque flying machine, but has yet to be named. Cecil appears in the anime with the same character design but only in Mel's flashback memories as her younger brother, and not as a member of the Hachishoujin. It is suggested that Cecil will later become Dr. Over from LIFE:ERRORS, which is one of Tsunashima-sensei's earlier works.
 Barkus Vogeil
 A giant of a man and another member of the Hachishou. He holds the belief that only those who win are those who are allowed to rule, and those who lose are doomed to follow. When he was defeated by Akao in volume 2 of the manga, his heart was changed and he decides to once again head back into the baseball field. He pilots the Jinki called O-Jaoga. Barkus does not appear in the anime.
 Julie
 Julie makes her appearance in volume 4 of the manga, and is yet another member of the Hachishoujin. She first appears as a new teacher at the school where Akao goes to, but later reveals to the party that she is in fact, a member of Kyomu. Julie's Jinki is the feminine figured Co-Shaparl. She also appears only in the manga.
 Yao
 The oldest Hachishoujin member who once fought against a younger Ogawara Genta when he lived as a hermit. His Jinki, has only shown appearance once in the Lost Years arc in Chapter 47 where it fires some sort of flash grenade to blind Ogawara Ryouhei and rescue a wounded Shiva. Outside of a Jinki, Yao attacks with taoist magic. Yao does not appear in the anime.

 In the anime, J. Hearn is a member of the Hachishoujin, and is the man responsible for Mel J.'s young brother, Cecil's, death. In the manga, he is also a member of the Hachishou. J. Hearn was once Mel J's surrogate brother, and taught her everything he knew. One day 3 years ago in Venezuela, he betrayed her, and left her for dead. This has led to Mel J's obsessive search for him. J. Harn pilots a black Schneigar Touja called Dark Schneigar.

Others
 Arma Jirou
 Jirou is the armadillo that Aoba befriends in the manga. In the anime, it can be seen at the beginning of each episode where it tells the viewers not to watch anime too close to the TV.
 Daving Soule
 A Lieutenant General of the Venezuelan military who oversaw Rui's Cognate training after Angel was disbanded after the events in 1988. He takes a fancy to Minami, but isn't very good with the words for it. He also took part in the creation of the Hachishoujin and Kyomu after he was approached by Tsuzaki Shizuka and Kokushou. It is also revealed in the manga that Daving was present at both the original testing of the prototype Jinki models, as well as the incident where Tsuzaki Shizuka was taken hostage by the military to force Hino Hakuya into piloting Moribito Type-2. After proposing to Kousaka Minami, Daving was killed in battle in the operation to hold off Kyomu's initial advance towards Caracas in the Lost Years Arc when he used his own Jinki, the White Rondo, as a marker beacon for a nuclear strike which leveled the city and eliminated Kyomu's Jinki forces.

 One of a team of developers responsible for the creation of Jinki. She and Ogawara Genta would fall in love upon meeting and the two would be married soon after. However, when Hino Hakuya started killing everyone involved with Jinki, Ogawara Genta would step in to defend his wife. Though he was successful at defeating Hakuya's Moribito Type-01, Hakuya would attack him from behind and Akana, who saw what Genta could not, stepped in between to protect him. Hakuya would kill Akana before leaving a wounded and grieving Genta.

Media

Manga
In early 2007, the series was dropped from the pages of its publisher, Mag Garden, for many reasons, one of which was Tsunashima disagreeing with the editor-in-chief of Monthly Comic Blade regarding the mecha of the manga. The series eventually restarted in the Dengeki Moeoh magazine published by MediaWorks.

Anime
An anime television series adaptation animated by Feel aired from January to March 2005. The 13th episode never aired on television and was released as an OVA. This title was picked up in North America by ADV Films for $91,000, who released the series in three volumes and box set. However, in 2008, the title along with over thirty other ADV titles were transferred to Funimation.

Video games

Reception

"If you have the same strange urge for girls and robots that I do, you're all but guaranteed to enjoy this one." — Kevin Gifford, Newtype USA.

References

External links
 Official website
 TV Asahi's Jinki: Extend Website
 Funimation's Jinki:Extend website
 Jinki Extend Re:Vision Official Eroge website

2010 video games
ADV Films
ADV Manga
ASCII Media Works manga
Dengeki Comics
Eroge
Feel (animation studio)
Funimation
Gangan Comics manga
Kadokawa Dwango franchises
Mag Garden manga
Mecha anime and manga
Seinen manga
TV Asahi original programming
Visual novels


Vejamos as recomendações de política que os autores derivam de seu estudo.
We explore data from a field test of how an algorithm delivered ads promoting job opportunities in the science, technology, engineering and math fields. This ad was explicitly intended to be gender neutral in its delivery. Empirically, however, fewer women saw the ad than men. This happened because younger women are a prized demographic and are more expensive to show ads to. An algorithm that simply optimizes cost-effectiveness in ad delivery will deliver ads that were intended to be gender neutral in an apparently discriminatory way, because of crowding out. We show that this empirical regularity extends to other major digital platforms.
Imagino que vá gerar alguma polêmica, mas mostra como o alto valor de certos grupos (demográficos, etc) pode gerar resultados aparentemente contraintuitivos em termos de marketing.
p.s. de brinde, este outro pacote.
Pois é. Percebemos, então, que as estatísticas podem ter outra fonte de erros de medida: a dificuldade de mulheres em assumir que estão fazendo turismo sexual. Interessante, né?
Economia da Saúde Neandertal: altruísmo beckeriano ou não?
The most probable evolutionary explanation for apparently 'selfless' care ofadult group members lies not only in the benefits of helping relatives but also the selective advantages of reducing the risk of mortality of other group members in situations where groups are highly interdependent (Frank and Linsenmair, 2017). The selective benefits of are for the ill and injured are clearest where groups consist of close relatives. However where the survival of any one member is strongly linked to that of the others in the group caring for those who are injured is still selectively advantageous even without a high degree of genetic relatedness.
Evidence of care for the ill and injured amongst Neanderthals, inferred through skeletal evidence for survival from severe illness and injury, is widely accepted. However, healthcare practices have been viewed primarily as an example of complex cultural behaviour, often discussed alongside symbolism or mortuary practices. Here we argue that care for the ill and injured is likely to have a long evolutionary history and to have been highly effective in improving health and reducing mortality risks. Healthcare provisioning can thus be understood alongside other collaborative 'risk pooling' strategies such as collaborative hunting, food sharing and collaborative parenting. For Neanderthals in particular the selective advantages of healthcare provisioning would have been elevated by a variety of ecological conditions which increased the risk of injury as well their particular behavioural adaptations which affected the benefits of promoting survival from injury and illness. We argue that healthcare provisioning was not only a more significant evolutionary adaptation than has previously been acknowledged, but moreover may also have been essential to Neanderthal occupation at the limits of the North Temperate Zone.
A influência de x anos de ideologia pode transformar uma sociedade?
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Até que ponto o determinismo prevalece (path dependence) é algo que não sei responder (e incomoda, não?).
Como está a tolerância com a liberdade de expressão em nossas universidades?
O sociólogo aí acima é alguém que não vejo muito citado por aqui, por nossos sociólogos de gabinete…ou por nossos jornalistas que, aliás, hoje divulgaram uma suposta tendência à polarização da sociedade brasileira que seria preocupante. Uma tendência ao radicalismo que parece ser o resultado de uma miríade de fatores e, aposto eu, um deles, a falta de hábito de lidar com a diversidade (um hábito muito incentivado por quase 15 anos no país, por gente que pouco tinha (tem) de valores democráticos "em seu DNA").
Mas o início do vídeo me faz pensar no que vejo por aqui. Não é comum ver pessoas com camisas, digamos, do Bolsonaro nas universidades (e quando aparecem, surgem estranhas acusações de fascismo, etc). Será que a liberdade de expressão está sendo respeitada, praticada e incentivada no Brasil? Existe uma pesquisa séria (ou seja, com método científico, dados, aplicação honesta de métodos quantitativos) sobre o tema por aqui?
A propósito, a pesquisa é do Ipsos (mas não encontrei nada no site).
A professora Leonor Freire Costa é alguém cuja produção acadêmica deve ser recomendada a todos que queiram, seriamente, estudar as companhias privilegiadas de comércio portuguesas. Veja, por exemplo, este último trabalho.


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Home»Respiratory Medicine»Product Index
ASTHALIN Inhaler (Salbutamol sulphate)
Published on: 28 Jan 2016
Undesirable Effects
Each actuation delivers:
Salbutamol Sulphate IP equivalent to Salbutamol IP …….100 mcg
Suspended in propellant 134a…………q.s.
Inhalation aerosol
Salbutamol is a selective beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist. At therapeutic doses, it acts on the beta2-adrenoceptors of bronchial smooth muscle, with little or no action on the beta1-adrenoceptors of the cardiac muscle. Salbutamol provides short-acting (4-6 hours) bronchodilation with a fast onset (within 5 minutes) in reversible airways obstruction.
Pharmacokinetic Properties
Salbutamol administered intravenously has a half-life of 4-6 hours and is cleared partly renally and partly by metabolism to the inactive 4'-O-sulphate (phenolic sulphate), which is also excreted primarily in the urine. The faeces are a minor route of excretion.
After administration by the inhaled route, between 10% and 20% of the dose reaches the lower airways. The remainder is retained in the delivery system or is deposited in the oropharynx from where it is swallowed. The fraction deposited in the airways is absorbed into the pulmonary tissues and circulation, but is not metabolized by the lungs. On reaching the systemic circulation, it becomes accessible to hepatic metabolism and is excreted, primarily in the urine, as unchanged drug and as phenolic sulphate.
The swallowed portion of an inhaled dose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes considerable first-pass metabolism to phenolic sulphate. Both unchanged drug and conjugate are excreted primarily in the urine. Most of a dose of salbutamol given intravenously, orally, or by inhalation is excreted within 72 hours. Salbutamol is bound to plasma proteins to the extent of 10%.
Bronchospasm
ASTHALIN Inhaler is indicated for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease.
Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm
ASTHALIN Inhaler is indicated for the prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older.
Administer ASTHALIN Inhaler by oral inhalation only.
Adults (Including the Elderly)
For relief of acute episodes of bronchospasm:
1 or 2 puffs as necessary repeated every 4 to 6 hours. In some patients, 1 inhalation every 4 hours may be sufficient. More frequent administration or a greater number of inhalations is not recommended.
To prevent allergen- or exercise-induced bronchospasm:
Two inhalations, 15 to 30 minutes prior to exercise or exposure to allergen.
For chronic therapy, two puffs up to four times a day.
The maximum dose up to 800 mcg in 24 hours.
The usual dosage for children under the age of 12 years: one puff (100 micrograms) - The dose may be increased to two puffs if required.
1-2 puffs, 15 to 30 minutes prior to exercise or exposure to allergen
The usual dosage for children under the age of 12 years: up to two puffs 4 times daily.
ASTHALIN Inhaler may be used with a Zerostat/Zerostat VT Spacer device by patients who find it difficult to synchronize aerosol actuation with inspiration of breath.
Hypersensitivity to Any of the Components
Rare cases of hypersensitivity reactions including urticaria, angioedema and rash have been reported after the use of salbutamol.
Although intravenous salbutamol, and occasionally salbutamol tablets, are used in the management of premature labour uncomplicated by conditions such as placenta praevia, ante-partum haemorrhage, or toxaemia of pregnancy, inhaled salbutamol preparations are not appropriate for managing premature labour. Salbutamol preparations should not be used for threatened abortion.
Paradoxical Bronchospasm
Inhaled salbutamol sulphate can produce paradoxical bronchospasm, which may be life-threatening. If paradoxical bronchospasm occurs, ASTHALIN Inhaler should be discontinued immediately and alternative therapy instituted. It should be recognized that paradoxical bronchospasm, when associated with inhaled formulations, frequently occurs with the first use of a new canister.
Cardiovascular Effects
Salbutamol, like all other beta2-adrenergic agonists, can produce clinically significant cardiovascular effects in some patients as measured by pulse rate, blood pressure, and/or symptoms. Although such effects are uncommon after administration of salbutamol at recommended doses, if they occur, the drug may need to be discontinued. In addition, beta-agonists have been reported to produce electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, such as flattening of the T wave, prolongation of the QTc interval, and ST segment depression. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown. Therefore, salbutamol, like all sympathomimetic amines, should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disorders, especially coronary insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypertension.
Deterioration of Asthma
Asthma may deteriorate acutely over a period of hours or chronically over several days or longer. If the patient needs more doses of ASTHALIN Inhaler than usual, this may be a marker of destabilization of asthma and requires re-evaluation of the patient and treatment regimen, with special consideration to the possible need for anti-inflammatory treatment, e.g., corticosteroids.
Use of Anti-Inflammatory Agents
The use of beta-adrenergic agonist bronchodilators alone may not be adequate to control asthma in many patients. Early consideration should be given to adding anti-inflammatory agents, e.g., corticosteroids, to the therapeutic regimen.
Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions may occur after administration of salbutamol sulphate inhalation aerosol, as demonstrated by cases of urticaria, angio-oedema, rash, bronchospasm, hypotension, and anaphylaxis. Discontinue ASTHALIN Inhaler if immediate hypersensitivity reactions occur.
Fatalities have been reported in association with excessive use of inhaled sympathomimetic drugs in patients with asthma. The exact cause of death is unknown, but cardiac arrest following an unexpected development of a severe acute asthmatic crisis and subsequent hypoxia is suspected.
Coexisting Conditions
Salbutamol, like other sympathomimetic amines, should be used with caution in patients with convulsive disorders, hyperthyroidism, or diabetes mellitus and in patients who are unusually responsive to sympathomimetic amines. Salbutamol should be administered cautiously to patients with thyrotoxicosis. Large doses of intravenous salbutamol have been reported to aggravate preexisting diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis.
Hypokalemia
As with other beta-agonists, salbutamol may produce significant hypokalemia in some patients, possibly through intracellular shunting, which has the potential to produce adverse cardiovascular effects. The decrease is usually transient, not requiring supplementation.
Other short-acting sympathomimetic aerosol bronchodilators should not be used concomitantly with salbutamol. If additional adrenergic drugs are to be administered by any route, they should be used with caution to avoid deleterious cardiovascular effects.
Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agents
Beta-blockers not only block the pulmonary effect of beta-agonists, such as ASTHALIN Inhaler, but may also produce severe bronchospasm in patients with asthma. Therefore, patients with asthma should not normally be treated with beta-blockers. However, under certain circumstances, e.g., as prophylaxis after myocardial infarction, there may be no acceptable alternatives to use beta-adrenergic blocking agents in patients with asthma. In this setting, cardioselective beta-blockers should be considered, although they should be administered with caution.
Non–Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
The ECG changes and/or hypokalemia that may result from the administration of nonpotassium-sparing diuretics (such as loop or thiazide diuretics) can be acutely worsened by beta-agonists, especially when the recommended dose of the beta-agonist is exceeded. Although the clinical relevance of these effects is not known, caution is advised in the coadministration of ASTHALIN Inhaler with non-potassium-sparing diuretics. Consider monitoring potassium levels.
Particular caution is advised in acute severe asthma as this effect may be potentiated by concomitant treatment with xanthine derivatives, steroids, digoxin, diuretics, and by hypoxia. It is recommended that serum potassium levels be monitored in such situations.
Mean decreases of 16% to 22% in serum digoxin levels were demonstrated after single dose intravenous and oral administration of salbutamol, respectively, to normal volunteers who had received digoxin for 10 days. The clinical relevance of these findings for patients with obstructive airway disease who are receiving inhaled salbutamol and digoxin on a chronic basis is unclear. Nevertheless, it would be prudent to carefully evaluate the serum digoxin levels in patients who are currently receiving digoxin and salbutamol.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Tricyclic Antidepressants
ASTHALIN Inhaler should be administered with extreme caution to patients being treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants or within 2 weeks of discontinuation of such agents, because the action of salbutamol on the vascular system may be potentiated.
Pregnancy Category C
Administration of ASTHALIN Inhaler during pregnancy should only be considered if the expected benefit to the mother is greater than any possible risk to the foetus. As with the majority of drugs, there is little published evidence of the safety of salbutamol in the early stages of human pregnancy, but in animal studies there was evidence of some harmful effects on the fetus at very high dose levels.
There are no well-controlled human trials that have investigated effects of salbutamol on preterm labor or labor at term. Because of the potential for beta-agonist interference with uterine contractility, use of ASTHALIN Inhaler during labor should be restricted to those patients in whom the benefits clearly outweigh the risk.
As salbutamol is probably secreted in breast milk, its use in nursing mothers requires careful consideration. It is not known whether salbutamol has a harmful effect on the neonate, and so its use should be restricted to situations where it is felt that the expected benefit to the mother is likely to outweigh any potential risk to the neonate.
Results from the 2-week pediatric clinical study in patients with asthma 4 to 11 years of age showed that the adverse reaction profile was similar to that of the adolescent and adult population. These adverse reactions included upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, pyrexia and tachycardia. The safety and effectiveness of ASTHALIN Inhaler in children under 4 years of age has not been established.
Geriatric Patients
Clinical trials of salbutamol did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and older to determine whether older subjects respond differently than younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Use of ASTHALIN Inhaler may be associated with paradoxical bronchospasm, cardiovascular effects, immediate hypersensitivity reactions and hypokalemia. Other rare undesirable effects included hypotension and collapse, mouth and throat irritation, muscle cramps and peripheral vasodilatation. Myocardial infarction was reported as an unknown undesirable effect with salbutamol. Common side- effects with ASTHALIN Inhaler included tremor and headache.
Clinical Trials Experience
Adults and Adolescents 12 Years of Age and Older
The two 12-week, randomized, double blind studies in 610 adolescent and adult patients with asthma that compared salbutamol HFA (n=202), a CFC 11/12-propelled salbutamol inhaler (n=207), and an HFA-134a placebo inhaler (n=201). Overall, the incidence and nature of undesirable effects for salbutamol HFA and the HFA-134a was comparable. Adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of 3% or greater in group treated with salbutamol HFA and more frequently in the group treated with salbutamol HFA than in HFA-134a placebo were: showed common (3% or greater reported) adverse reactions – ear, nose and throat irritation, lower respiratory, upper respiratory inflammation, viral respiratory infections, cough and musculoskeletal pain.
Adverse reactions reported by less than 3% of the adolescents and adult patients receiving salbutamol HFA and by a greater proportion of subjects receiving salbutamol HFA than HFA-134a placebo inhaler and that have the potential to be related to salbutamol HFA include diarrhea, laryngitis, oropharyngeal edema, cough, lung disorders, tachycardia, extrasystoles, palpitation and dizziness.
Postmarketing Experience
Paradoxical bronchospasm, hoarseness, arrhythmias (including atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia and extrasystoles), and hypersensitivity reactions (including urticaria, angioedema, rash) have been reported.
In addition, salbutamol like other sympathomimetic agents, can cause adverse reactions such as hypokalemia, hypertension, peripheral vasodilation, angina, tremor, central nervous system stimulation, hyperactivity, sleeplessness, headache, muscle cramps, drying or irritation of the oropharynx, and metabolic acidosis.
If you experience any side-effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist or write to drugsafety@cipla.com. You can also report side effects directly via the national pharmacovigilance program of India by calling on 1800 180 3024.
By reporting side-effects, you can help provide more information on the safety of this product.
The expected signs and symptoms of overdosage are those of excessive beta-adrenergic stimulation, and/or occurrence or exaggeration of any of the signs and symptoms of beta-adrenergic stimulation viz., seizures, angina, hypertension or hypotension, tachycardia (with rates up to 200 beats/min), arrhythmias, nervousness, headache, tremor, muscle cramps, dry mouth, palpitation, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, malaise, insomnia, , hyperglycemia, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis (serum potassium levels should be monitored) and fatigue. Cardiac arrest and, even, death is associated with the abuse of ASTHALIN Inhaler.
Treatment consists of discontinuation of salbutamol HFA together with appropriate symptomatic therapy. The preferred antidote for overdosage with salbutamol is a cardioselective beta-blocking agent, but beta-blocking drugs should be used with caution in patients with a history of bronchospasm.
If hypokalemia occurs, potassium replacement via the oral route should be given. In patients with severe hypokalemia, intravenous replacement may be necessary. There is insufficient evidence to determine if dialysis is beneficial for overdosage of salbutamol HFA.
ASTHALIN Inhaler …………..Canister containing 200 metered doses
Last Updated: August 2018

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Picture a supernatural being of diminutive human form and possessing magical powers. What do you call this magical personage? A fairy? Or perhaps you favor faerie? What about fay or fey?
Each of these words has a slightly different history, with different connotations in fantasy now. We'll start with the basic fairy.
fairy - This word entered modern English around 1250-1300 from Middle English faierie, (They sure didn't stint on vowels, did they?) which was borrowed from Old French, and which ultimately derived from Latin Fata, fate. Its first usage, now obsolete, was "enchantment," as in "Don't believe your eyes; all that you see is fairy." The next twist to the meaning, now archaic, was "the realm of magic and magical beings, fairyland." And finally the word came to mean the little people themselves, which is how it's used now.
How little are the Little People really? That has varied widely from legend to legend and throughout history. Sometimes the fairies are tiny, sometimes taller than humans, sometimes so insubstantial or illusory that their size is mere appearance without reality. But generally speaking, I think fairies tend to be small, while faeries are more human-sized.
faerie, faery - The primary definition of these variants is given as "fairyland," and the second usage is as an adjective describing the magical land or its denizens. "A supernatural being" is a more minor definition. We have Edmund Spenser to thank for this spelling being in use at all. While spelling variations certainly occurred throughout the early history of the word, it was Spenser who deliberately chose these spellings in the late 1500's for The Faerie Queene, his masterpiece of shameless flattery for Queen Elizabeth I. The faeries in Spenser's poem have little to do with the fairies of folklore, and his use of the alternate spelling has left a legacy of different connotations for the different spellings. I think of fairies as being diminutive sprites, wilder, more mischievous, probably cuter… While faeries are more noble and courtly, but possibly also more powerful and dangerous. However, I also tend to see this spelling as rather pretentious and faux Ye Olde - which, perhaps ironically, may have been exactly how Spenser intended it when he chose it back in 1580.
fay - Again, this word was originally an adjective and is only recently shifting to include a noun definition. It appeared in English around 1350 - 1400 from Middle French feie or fee, but ultimately from the same Latin root for fate, as in a spirit in control of the future, and hence any sort of magical spirit. I think of a fay fairy or fairyland as being particularly wild and unpredictable.
fey - Defined as "whimsical, strange, supernatural, enchanted," I assumed this word was just another one of the spelling variations in the family. Surprise! It's a much older word, and from a completely different root. Fey was in English before 900, deriving from Old English faege, meaning "doomed to die." The ultimate derivation of the word is unclear, but its development seems to have moved from weakness and timidity through visions and premonitions, to suffering from enchantment, to a sort of etherial insanity. When used for the people of Faerie, however, I think fey retains its connotations of strangeness, otherness, and danger.
Which spellings do you prefer? What different connotations do the different variants evoke for you?
The American Sunday-School Union was the most prolific publisher of children's books in nineteenth century America (which gives you a good idea of why non-didactic books like those by Lewis Carroll and Beatrix Potter were so beloved!) But the American Sunday-School Union publishings did have lots of illustrations, mostly printed from wood engravings. These wood blocks were the property of the publisher, not the artists, and were kept and reused through multiple printings (and probably multiple publications, too.) Although names of some of the artists are available, including George Gilbert (d. 1836), Alexander Anderson (1775-1870), John Warner Barber (1798-1885), Augustus Kollner (b. 1813), and James Barton Longacre (1794-1869), the individual blocks are not labelled with their artists or their carvers, so they're effectively anonymous.
carved away areas, especially backgrounds, appear black when they ought to be white. For the block print of the Earth you can see all three images: the photo of the carved block, the approximation of its image, and a page from a printed book in which the image actually appears. You can see how hard it is to get a sense for the finished print by looking at the block or its scanned approximation! Still, it gives you an idea, and the real value of this collection is the ability to see the carving of the blocks themselves.
I love the grace and delicacy of this lily, and the sly glance of the lion below. Since these are nineteenth century wood engravings they are all about the tiny little lines, reproducing line drawings as opposed to really using the unique properties of the relief print medium. You don't get much of a sense of carving from looking at the print. But that's why it's so much fun to be able to see the carved block itself and really see the strokes of the tools where wood has been carved away.
Juvenile fantasy has been a hot genre since the success of Harry Potter, and I couldn't be more delighted. I used to think I'd read a pretty good sampling of the genre, but now there are way too many new books coming out every month and I can't possibly be an expert even in the stuff with lots of buzz. (Besides, there's no way I'll ever read all the new stuff when I don't do vampires!) But of course the down side of all this new stuff is that a lot of really excellent juvenile fantasy falls between the cracks, gets forgotten, or doesn't get the notice it deserves. So today I'll list a handful of books that I think are not very well known. I'll be surprised if there aren't at least one or two that you've never heard of. And if you have a favorite gem that you think needs more attention, please let us all know!
The Facttracker, Jason C. Eaton, 2008 - We all (P, T, and I) got a big kick out of this one. The just small enough boy (who has no name because all his facts about himself have gone missing) and the Facttracker (whose job it is to supply the world with facts) must save their town (and the world) from being overrun with lies (most of which are very silly). The philosophy of the importance of lies struck me as a little suspect, although I guess if you substitute the word "fiction" for the word "lies" then I'd be happy with it… But the real joy of the book is its exuberantly oddball goofiness. The goofiness begins even before the story begins, if you bother to read the dedication, which starts out with the usual family members and editors, blah blah blah, but about halfway through goes on to "I'd like to thank… Todd for inventing a new computer that auto-writes novels for you whilst gently massaging your feet and whispering 'life is water' over and over,… Cindy for informing me that a giant hula-hooping ninja space robot was trying to steal my new computer, Parnell and Marinoff for helping me defeat the space-robot with the power of love and an even bigger robot, Grant for defending me before the intergalactic tribunal…" and so on. It gets zanier. There are no hula-hooping ninja space robots in the actual book, but there are snails, a good explosion, a mountain of sweet potatoes, an octocycle, tuna fish sandwiches that never go bad, and a lot of lies.
Jane's Adventures In and Out of the Book, Jonathan Gathorne-Hardy, 1966 - This is not one of the all-time greats, I admit, but it's a good fun read that hits lots of favorite fantasy themes. Jane (who conveniently lives in a castle with parents who are never around to cramp her style) discovers a book whose pictures transport her into their scenes. With this fun device Jane gets to have serial adventures involving, among other things, a heroic resistance group, a giant jungle, being bug-sized, a sinister sultan, and (outside the book) a great flood. It would be a good introduction to inviting kids to imagine where they might want the book to take them.
Ronia the Robber's Daughter, Astrid Lindgren, 1981 (1985 in English) - This book is apparently pretty well known in Europe and was adapted into a movie there, but I don't think it's so well known here in the US. Lindgren is more famous here for Pippi Longstocking, and this book definitely involves some of the same themes of letting children run wild and fend for themselves. The plot is a standard Romeo and Juliet set-up, with Ronia and the son of the feuding tribe's chieftain becoming friends despite the enmity of their parents. The writing makes the characters strong-willed, infuriating, charming, likeable, and altogether believable. The descriptions of the setting and the children's self-education in the woods are lovely.
Once on a Time, A.A. Milne, 1917 - This really isn't juvenile fantasy, although there's nothing in it that a child shouldn't be reading. But its irony and wry commentary will probably be over the heads of most children. Nevertheless, it deserves a mention as a great example of the fractured fairy tale. There's a plot to take over the throne by an addict of largesse-throwing, there's a war involving kings disguised as pig farmers and an iconic ginger mustache, there's a prince enduring a very embarrassing transformation, and a maid who wants nothing more than to be able to dance like a fairy. It's funny and satirical and sweet, and it ends happily ever after.
The Rise and Fall of Mount Majestic, Jennifer Trafton, 2010 - In this book our hero, a messy girl with a missing father and a missing blue hat, finds herself in the position of having to preserve her island home from the certain destruction that will result if the giant sleeping beneath the mountain should wake up and rise. Along the way are some great characters, including the selfish king, the perpetually worried Worvil, a big-footed Rumblebump, and our hero's mother, who has very strong moral objections to everything from turnips to giants. P did not like the beginning at all - it had too much scariness and grouchiness, and we hadn't had a chance to become sufficiently fond of the characters to make it seem worthwhile - but I convinced him to let me keep reading aloud for a couple more chapters, by which time all three of us enjoyed it very much.
I hope you find something new and enjoyable here!
Picasso (1881-1973) is, of course, one of the most famous artists, his name synonymous for many people with twentieth century art. Personally, I find much of his art more interesting than appealing, but he was certainly prolific enough that everybody ought to be able to find at least a few of his pieces they really enjoy! One of his pieces that I really enjoy is this linoleum block print.
states. Looking at it, however, I'm not sure how that technique produced the red and green printed without any overlap. Of course, one thing Picasso was a real master of was experimentation, so it would hardly be surprising that he and his printer Arnèra came up with plenty of techniques that I haven't thought of! Here's an interesting image of the final state of the block, printed in black only. For once I don't like it better than the color version! For once it definitely looks like only a small part of the whole.
I like lots of things about this "Still Life by Lamplight," especially the design of the goblet and the patterns of the red and yellow light, but my favorite thing of all is the lightbulb and the starry glow around it.
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) dabbled in many genres, particularly horror and mystery. (His work was influential in multiple genres, too.) If you count ghosts, angels, demons, and the supernatural as Fantasy then a large proportion of his work includes at least elements of fantasy.
An interesting element of Poe's work, though, is that his stories and poems are usually ambiguous enough to admit of at least one interpretation in which everything has a logical explanation, as in "The Fall of the House of Usher." Even when fully supernatural things occur, Poe's narrators are often insane or drug-addled to the point where the reader is not required to believe in the accuracy of anything they report, as in "The Black Cat," "Ligeia," and "The Tell-Tale Heart." That makes them a little questionable as fantasy. Into that category falls his most famous poem, "The Raven," (1845).
Like much of Poe's other work, I think "The Raven" hovers near the edges of the fantasy genre. But if nothing else, the dense, magical-sounding language evokes that fantasy feeling of wonder, mystery, and possibility -- even if it is the Gothic possibility of horror. Horror has definitely never been my thing, but the language of "The Raven"
I was thinking about maps and unexplored territory the other day, and the exciting and romantic phrase "Here be dragons" signifying the terror and wonder and limitless possibility of the unknown… Only it turns out that the saying "Here be dragons" is almost as fictional as the dragons themselves. Apparently there exists only one old map with the phrase. The Hunt-Lenox Globe from around 1503-1510 has the Latin HIC SVNT DRACONES on the eastern coast of Asia. (Alas, not visible in any photo I could find.) Whether the phrase was ever intended to refer to actual dragons is also a subject of debate. Clearly this was not a phrase medieval cartographers used to describe the unknown. So, what's the deal with the dragons in unexplored territory? And how did the myth of "Here be dragons" arise?
For the first question, there are certainly a fair number of ancient, medieval, and renaissance maps with pictures of dragons, mythical beasts, or real beasts that seemed every bit as fantastic as dragons to people at the time. For example, elephants and walruses both feature on maps as strange, monstrous creatures inhabiting exotic territories. It seems that the earliest map we know of with a proper dragon on it was the Ebstorf map from the 13th century. (The dragon has the company of a basilisk and some other strange critter, too.) The Ebstorf map was made from 30 goatskins and measured 3.6m x 3.6 m - That's a serious map. It was destroyed in the bombing of Hanover during WWII, but luckily there were at least several photographs and reproductions of it that had been made before it was lost forever, just one more casualty of war.
Another nice example is the "Carta Marina" of Scandinavia (1539), which has a wealth of fabulous monsters in the oceans, plus a beautiful wyvern way in the north (in the upper right of this detail).
But the question of where the "Here be dragons" myth came from turns out to be a mystery. Apparently no one can explain it! There is a nice summary of the question by Erin C. Blake. I find it fascinating that something can have such a hold on the popular imagination without any apparent source! Of course the idea that this phrase was common on ancient maps must have gotten started somewhere. Someone must have started the rumor… but apparently no one's tracked it down.
There's one final twist to the story. According to Wikipedia, ancient Roman and Medieval maps actually had unexplored areas marked HIC SVNT LEONES - "Here are lions" - as a warning of unknown perils. Several sources mention this, and "Here be lions" seems to be a well-known phrase in Europe (although I'd never heard it before), just as everyone knows "Here be dragons..." But this is the thing -- nobody seems to mention many actual examples of maps that warn of lions in unexplored lands. I wonder whether the lions might be almost as mythical as the dragons. Better just stick with Terra Incognita if you want to be safe… But if you want to be enticing, I say go with dragons!
Frasconi has illustrated quite a few books, including a number of bilingual children's books, which is where I had seen his work first. In the children's books his pictures often include blocks of flat color that I don't like so well, so I was delighted when I started looking up more of his work and found that he also does lots of black and white that I really love.
range of subject matter that I find fascinating: the murder victims of "The Disappeared," animals, architecture, fables, portraits, and more. For example, his "Migration" pieces are really interesting. There are other pieces that I find much more pleasing, but I think it's cool that Frasconi chose the wheeling flocks of birds as his subject, and I admire the patience it must have taken to carve. But regardless of the variety of subjects, Frasconi's style always emphasizes the look of the wood.
Look how the grain of the wood is visible in this piece. I love the interplay between the lines of the wood grain and the carved lines of the bricks. I love that Frasconi didn't try to hide the wood grain, or smooth it away, or fight it, but instead let it enrich the texture of the old building. A 1974 book of his work is called Against the Grain, but I don't think that's the right title at all. I know they were trying to be clever, but what I find so wonderful is how well Frasconi cooperates with the grain.
I think my favorite pieces by Frasconi are the architectural ones, (including the strangely beautiful oil rigs above). Something about his rough yet warm style seems really suited to capturing the geometry of human-built structures, yet imbuing them with a touch of life and humor that makes them seem truly human.
Portrait of Albert Einstein, wood block print by Frasconi, 1952.
Variety vs Ease - There are an infinite number of possible sound combinations, but only a very narrow selection of them that native speakers of English can handle. Readers don't like names that are too long or too hard to pronounce. But at the same time, when a book involves characters who are supposed to represent multiple cultures, yet their names all sound like the same language, the reader is getting mixed messages about the world. How different are the cultures really if they all speak the same language and all name their children from the same pool of possibilities? I admit that I may have an abnormal interest in those details. I majored in linguistics in college and have an enduring fascination with the broad range of possibilities within human languages. Different languages have different sets of vowels and consonants and different patterns of syllables, and of course different cultures have different naming conventions. In my Otherworld Series I've given each different culture a different set of phonetic rules for name-building, so that from a character's name you can tell where they come from. I think this is really cool - but the inevitable side effect is that I've been guilty of some names that are too long and/or too hard to pronounce. (One of the main characters of the third book Return to Tchrkkusk is Chlukash. The words and names of her people, the Tchrkkym, aren't really unpronounceable if you just remember that R and Y can be vowels, which is perfectly reasonable in several human languages, but just not English. Wouldn't it be a little strange if every language in the Otherworld built its words by the phonetic rules of English? And yet, of course, my readers are all readers of English.) The stranger the names are, the harder they are for readers to remember. And if readers can't remember which characters are which, they aren't going to enjoy the story as much.
All language is a balancing act between information and ease, and you can really see this principle at work in fantasy names. The speaker (or writer) wants to impart as much information as possible, but the hearer (or reader) doesn't want to have to work too hard to interpret all that information. If the writer tries to put in too much information, the reader gets bogged down. On the other hand, the writer wants to keep things efficient and simple, while the reader wants to be told the whole story. If the writer oversimplifies, the reader isn't satisfied. Names are so much more than just a tag or serial number. They evoke entire worlds. And that's the fun and frustration of fantasy names. Which fantasy names do you really love - or really hate?
I just dropped off a few pieces for a group show leading up to Natick Artists Open Studios, and I've already started the first stages of work for Needham Open Studios. These days I'm doing four "Open Studios" per year... but not one of them is actually an open studio for me because I always opt to show in group space. However, I know that I am always curious to see other artists' work space so, in accordance with the Golden Rule, I thought I'd offer a Virtual Open Studio, showing where I work.
always more trouble than it's worth, alas.) The big shelf behind is where I store all sorts of random craft, sewing, and office supplies. (And the shelf above it is all the volumes of my journal.) I'm sorry to say that a lot of stuff also tends to pile up on the right end of my table, so that my work area decreases and decreases until I can't stand it any more and I clear everything off. Then as soon as I finish a project the piles start encroaching again.
The other view shows my computer desk, used for writing, of course, and all the photo-shopping, and web site work. To the left is a very nice cabinet saved from our old kitchen. That's where all my block printing supplies live. The top of it serves as a cutting table (but it, too, tends to get piled upon, making it a much smaller cutting space than it ought to be… And recently it has a layer of aluminum foil over the top all the time to keep our new cat from nesting up there.) To the left of that, on the edge of the picture, is my supply of mat board, covered in a dark blue blanket to protect it.
When I print an edition I lay the pieces out on the tops of everything to dry. I also have a nice shelf in the basement to keep the frames, print racks, the whole stock of matted prints, note cards, and books, etc. So I've really got a very sweet situation here… a far cry from the days when I worked on the only table and had to clear everything away whenever we wanted to eat a meal!
When P and T are home they're usually active in the next room, just beyond the mat board, which is why I can't write much while they're around. But the older they get the more work I can get done, and of course school's about to start again, so I'll have no more excuse to keep me from getting back to work. I'll be in this one small area for the majority of every day, having fun. I love my table and my art supplies. I love my computer. I love the sunlight coming in my windows. I love the view of the neighborhood. I love the birds that come to the bird feeders right outside. I love my studio!


Gommage Moussant Énergisant from Elancyl is a gel-cream, which helps to gently exfoliate, while providing a draining and toning effect to the skin. Its gel-cream texture, with a mild cleansing base, ivy extract and microspheres, provides an exfoliating, refining, purifying, draining and toning cleansing action. The skin becomes smoother, softer and brighter.
Complete Formula: Water, Sodium laureth sulfate polyethylene, Acrylates copolymer, Alcohol, Blue 1 ( CI42090), Cellulose gum, Citric acid, Disodium EDTA, Limonene, Methylisothiazolinone, Peg-200 hydrogenated glyceryl palmate, Peg-7, Glyceryl cocoate, Phenoxyethanol, Sodium benzoate, Sodium chloride, Sodium hydroxyde sorbitol, Yellow 5 ( CI19140).
Apply 1 to 2 times a week on wet skin with a gentle massage in a circular motion;Rinse thoroughly.


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Offering quick reads, fiction content platform Plop aces ebooks
By News	 Last updated Oct 7, 2020
With love for reading augmented during the Covid-induced lockdown, heres an "immersive fiction" platform that marries the written word with multimedia elements to give one a real-life simulation on your smartphone — an average 15-minute read that has fast overtaken ebooks and has clocked up over 500 writers, more than 1,000 stories and one lakh users in the past six months.
The four main genres of romance, horror, thriller and drama on the Plop Stories platform "bring you immersive fiction that goes beyond written content and merges with visual content, bypassing traditional book distributors. Writers can publish their interactive stories directly on Plop. Because Plop is mobile-first it provides writers a multitude of options to create highly immersive content," its cofounder Vineet Shetty, who has a degree in software engineering and is also an alumnus of the Indian School of Business, told IANS in an interview.
"The stories marry the written word with multimedia elements and give readers a real-life simulation on smartphones. Readers can take decisions and interact with the characters of the stories, making it an extremely immersive experience," Shetty added.
Thus, not only does Plop produce its own stories — Plop Originals — "but it also enables creators to dabble with interactive content gaming and create their own masterpieces. We have a platform. So people create the stories based on the capabilities and once it gets approved it's shown in the app.
"They come and freely produce content of their choice. Based on the number of stories unlocked the writers get paid. As of now there are writers who are making 400 dollars (Rs. 29,000) a month from Plop," Shetty explained.
Q: How does it work?
A: Plop has a tool where anybody can log in and create their "own adventure" kind of stories.
"Initially the first few writers we had to speak to them to guide them. Since we were just born and quality is important. So it was important for us to do the primary check. But now we have a tool named writers' panel. So the first part tells them how to use the feature. And the mandate is the second part. The mandate gives them the framework like how can they make their stories stand out," Shetty said.
With the lockdown, as has been noticed with OTT players like Netflix. "we have seen over a 400 per cent rise in user activity especially from the United States and United Kingdom. And almost 800 per cent increase in in-app purchases. Similarly, there has been a massive growth in the number of writers/creators who have been on-boarded to the platform", he said.
Over 60 per cent of the users are from North America, and rest from Europe and Asia including India.
While it takes an average of 15 minutes to read a story, "power users are active for almost 45 minutes a day" Shetty noted, adding that "over 20 million minutes of engagement time" had been recorded till date.
Q: Can the publishing industry benefit from this?
A: "We already have some publishers who are interested in exploring the Plop format. Just like the pandemic has made production houses warm up to OTT platforms like Netflix and Prime Video, publishing houses are warming up to the idea of alternate reading formats. Publishers can explore Plop as another way to adapt their existing books. Publishers sell the film rights of a book to a film production company, audio book rights to an audio publisher like Audible or Storytel, they could now sell the interactive fiction adaptation rights to Plop," Shetty said.
The platform has also seen a rather interesting fallout
"We have emerged as a platform for Europeans, especially from Germany, Netherlands, and France, as also from countries like Russia and the Philippines, to learn conversational English. This is something very interesting and unexpected. I guess it's because of our focus on the quality of our content – and because most of the stories are written in a conversational style, which makes it easier for readers to relate to them," Shetty concluded.
Good to have guys who can exploit the conditions: Rohit
Majority in advanced world perceive China negatively: Pew survey


The popularity of smartphones and tablets has rapidly increased over the past few years, and this huge change in how people are using – and searching – the internet has forced businesses to improve and adapt their marketing strategies. Those companies who ignore the potential of mobile platforms for their business could end up losing a lot of their customers as they flock to other firms who can offer them what they want, when they want it – which, with mobiles and tablets, is all the time. Customers even use their mobiles to search online while they're actually in a physical shop, making sure they're getting the best possible deal or just to compare the physical products in front of them with what they could be buying online.
With Google Adwords, businesses can set their online advertising budget depending on keywords that their target customers use when searching for specific products, but how much budget should you be setting aside for searches from mobile devices? Smartphones, in particular, have completely revolutionised the way in which customers interact with brands and decide on what they're going to buy, and so you need to make sure that your marketing strategy fully incorporates mobile platforms – especially with regards to paid searches.
So how do you make sure you stay ahead of the game?
With smartphones and tablets soon expected to make up a third of the paid search clicks generated by Google, advertisers need to ensure that they are constantly developing their search campaigns in order to accommodate these mobile users.
Make sure you are optimised for mobile platforms. So many business websites are still not embracing the need to have a mobile optimised website – unreadable text, difficult navigation and slow loading times will put users off. This can be easily remedied by making use of responsive web layouts, and minimising the steps needed for a user to make a purchase. User experience must be considered at every step of the development process.
Track your sales conversions. Of course, you will already be doing this, but separating sales made through your main website and those made through mobile devices will allow you to change your budget accordingly. Are customers using your click-to-call function in order to complete a transaction or to find out more information? Do they look at the map for your physical store with a view to visiting the shop when they're in the local area? Just how much revenue are you generating through your mobile-optimised site?
Constantly review your marketing strategy. With more and more people using their smartphones and tablets to browse – and purchase from – the web, you need to make sure you're aware of all the latest developments that could help your company. Keep on top of the best mobile-optimised website designs, and be creative with offers and rewards targeted specifically at your mobile users.
Some reports estimate that by 2016, Google could be generating over $20 billion just from mobile devices, so make sure you get in on the action now and re-evaluate your mobile advertising budget.


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The new PHP 8.0 (Alpha) version has been added to the Control Panel
July 10, 2020 By admin Hepsia Control Panel
Recently, the PHP team has announced the first testing release of PHP 8.0.0, Alpha.
This has started the release cycle of PHP 8.0, which is expected to make its official, in-production debut by the end of the year.
PHP 8.0 represents a new major version that will introduce some breaking changes, as well as a host of powerful features and performance improvements.
The new major PHP version and the advancements it will introduce are a great way for the global PHP community to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the programming language this year.
What are the key features of PHP 8.0?
Here is a look at some of the most promising additions that should improve the overall performance and reliability of PHP.
PHP JIT (Just in Time) Compiler
The Just-in-time (JIT) compiler is the most anticipated feature coming with PHP 8.
It is aiming for a change to the way the PHP code is interpreted which will bring significant performance improvements to the table.
With JIT, PHP will be able to develop language-specific features.
It will also allow the language to be used for CPU-intensive tasks like, for example, Machine Learning, Game Development or User Interface development.
Union Types
PHP 8.0 also comes with support for Union Types. This means that developers will be able to declare more than one type for properties, parameters, and return types, which is not possible in previous PHP versions.
Attributes, also known as annotations in other languages, will also be a new feature coming with PHP 8.
Using attributes, developers can add meta data to classes, methods, variables, etc. in a structured manner.
You can find a full list of the features coming with 8.0 as well as some code examples here.
As PHP 8 is still under active development, we could see some more changes or new features announced before the Feature Freeze on the 4th of August.
How to enable PHP 8 from your Control Panel?
The new PHP 8.0 (Аlpha) version is accessible from the Advanced section of the Web Hosting Control Panel.
Once in, just click on the PHP settings tab and then select the version from the Account PHP Version menu:
If you want to enable PHP 8.0 for a specific host, then you should do that from the "PHP per Host" tab:
NOTE: Please keep in mind that this is not an in-production version so it should be used for testing purposes only.
Originally published Friday, July 10th, 2020 at 2:16 pm, updated July 13, 2020 and is filed under Hepsia Control Panel.
osCommerce updated to osCommerce 2.3.3 in App Installer
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Q: https URL is working fine with curl but not with Java I am trying to post data to a server with java to this url:
https:www.stackoverflow.com

It's not updating the data.
But when I tried the same with curl it's updating the data with this url:
E:\curl ssl>curl -k -X POST -u"user:pass" "www.stackoverflow.com"

Edit:
public void authenticatePostUrl() {

        HostnameVerifier hv = new HostnameVerifier() {

            @Override
            public boolean verify(String urlHostName, SSLSession session) {
                System.out.println("Warning: URL Host: " + urlHostName
                        + " vs. " + session.getPeerHost());
                return true;
            }
        };
        // Now you are telling the JRE to trust any https server.
        // If you know the URL that you are connecting to then this should
        // not be a problem
        try {
            trustAllHttpsCertificates();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Trustall" + e.getStackTrace());
        }
        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(hv);
        StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw);
        try {
            URL url = new URL("www.stackoverflow.com");

            String credentials = "user" + ":" + "password";
            String encoding = Base64Converter.encode(credentials.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            HttpsURLConnection  uc = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            uc.setDoInput(true);
            uc.setDoOutput(true);
            uc.setRequestProperty("Authorization", String.format("Basic %s", encoding));
            uc.setRequestMethod("POST");
            uc.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
            uc.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
            uc.getInputStream();
            System.out.println(uc.getContentType());
            InputStream content = (InputStream) uc.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    content));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                pw.println(line);
            }
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            pw.println("Invalid URL");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            pw.println("Error reading URL");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(sw.toString());
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        CurlAuthentication au = new CurlAuthentication();
        au.authenticatePostUrl();
        au.authenticateUrl();
    }

    // Just add these two functions in your program

    public static class TempTrustedManager implements
            javax.net.ssl.TrustManager, javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager {
        public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
            return null;
        }

        public boolean isServerTrusted(
                java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] certs) {
            return true;
        }

        public boolean isClientTrusted(
                java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] certs) {
            return true;
        }

        public void checkServerTrusted(
                java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] certs, String authType)
                throws java.security.cert.CertificateException {
            return;
        }

        public void checkClientTrusted(
                java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] certs, String authType)
                throws java.security.cert.CertificateException {
            return;
        }
    }

    private static void trustAllHttpsCertificates() throws Exception {

        // Create a trust manager that does not validate certificate chains:

        javax.net.ssl.TrustManager[] trustAllCerts =

        new javax.net.ssl.TrustManager[1];

        javax.net.ssl.TrustManager tm = new TempTrustedManager();

        trustAllCerts[0] = tm;

        javax.net.ssl.SSLContext sc =

        javax.net.ssl.SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");

        sc.init(null, trustAllCerts, null);

        javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(

        sc.getSocketFactory());

    }

Why is it not working in Java?
(For security reasons I changed the URLs above.)

A: So you are trying to POST do_not_disturb=no to the server? That's why I asked you in the comments to your previous question...
By appending ?do_not_disturb=No to the URL these parameters are automatically send as a GET request to the server, to send them as POST you have to put them in the request body with something like this:
String postData = "do_not_disturb=No";

OutputStreamWriter outputWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(uc.getOutputStream());
outputWriter.write(postData);
outputWriter.flush();
outputWriter.close();

Then your Accept-Header is probably wrong, as this tells the server in which format you are expecting to get some response data (the content). If you expect to get some XML from the server, this should read uc.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/xml");.
UPDATE
By adding the verbose-flag (-v) to your curl command, i got the header it is sending:
POST /api/domains/amj.nms.mixnetworks.net/subscribers/9001/ HTTP/1.1
Authorization: Basic {URL_ENCODED_AUTHENTICATION_STRING}
User-Agent: curl/7.22.0 (i686-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.22.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1 zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.23 librtmp/2.3
Host: 8.7.177.4
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 17
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

so please try changing your code like this:
uc.setRequestProperty("Authorization", String.format("Basic %s", encoding));
uc.setRequestMethod("POST");
uc.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");
uc.setRequestProperty("Accept", "*/*");
uc.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", Integer.toString(postData.getBytes().length));

The user agent string should be of no interest, unless your server is doing really strange things.
If it's still not working, see if your variable encoding has the same value as the part after Basic in a verbose curl run.

A: In my case, curl works for a POST call, HttpUrlConnection in java won't work, returns 403 Forbidden saying I'm using anonymous login, yet the actual job this POST call is supposed to do was done. Very confusing at first. Then found that I need to disable url redirect (this is xtend code but you get the idea):
val conn = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false)

A: There are a few options here.  One is that you could add a Java class to run a bash script using Runtime().exec.
However, I debugged my Java connection and found that I was not using TLSv1.2
        System.setProperty("deployment.security.TLSv1.2", "true");
        System.setProperty("https.protocols", "TLSv1.2");
        System.setProperty("javax.net.debug", "ssl"); // "" or "ssl"

After I moved from Java 7 to Java 8, the Java command worked.
Often times curl works but Java does not or Java works and curl does not.  I generally check the SSL configurations (using -v and -k for curl), try changing http versus https or look at the SSL cert installer here: https://confluence.atlassian.com/download/attachments/180292346/InstallCert.java (I modified this to install the cert during runtime)

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