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Crimea River, Obama's Ukrainian Blunder By Mike Whitney
21 March 2014 — Counterpunch
"There is no question but that Russia is confronted with an existential threat. The integration of Ukraine into the expanding anti-Moscow alliance would render Russia more vulnerable to imperialist aggression and destabilization. Future operations will unfold not only on the periphery of Russia, but within its borders. The United States and the European imperialist powers will have no difficulty finding new "human rights" causes to encourage, finance and arm."" – The Crisis in Ukraine", International Committee of the Fourth International
"In the eastern part of Ukraine and Crimea in particular, we have seen the emergence of people from Kiev with a clear intention of repeating what has been happening in the Western part of Ukraine." (Coup plotters) "want to replace regional governments." – Vitaly Churkin, the Russian Federation's ambassador to the United Nations
Here's something you won't read in the mainstream media: Ukraine's fake revolution is over. It ended when Russian Intelligence agents uncovered a plan by coup plotters to destabilize the Crimea using the same strategy they'd used in Kiev, that is, seizing government buildings, inciting violence, and spreading terror. The discovery, which included "hacked" e mails, shaped events on the ground. Russian troops were deployed to beef up security at the airports and government buildings making it impossible for the putsch to succeed. In other words, the Kremlin implemented its own "preemption" scheme and it worked like a charm. The Washington-backed coup in the Crimea was foiled and order was maintained. Score one for Russia. Here's the scoop from blogger Moon of Alabama from a post titled "The Crimean Anti-Coup Move". Here's an excerpt:
"On February 27 Russian forces stationed in the Crimea and supported by allegedly local paramilitary took over security at two airports and of some government buildings in Crimean cities. A Turkish flight to Simferopol airport was called back and further Turkish fights to Crimea were canceled." ("The Crimean Anti-Coup Move" Moon of Alabama,)
So, what was Russian Intel reacting to, you ask?
Well, according to Voice of Russia, hacked emails pointed to a group of Tatar troublemakers, neo-Nazis and others who were allegedly getting assistance from Turkish Intelligence. There were also two incidents where masked men carried out paramilitary-type operations on government buildings in Simferopol in Crimea on February 27 and February 28 which suggested that something big was afoot. (Russian ambassador to the UN, Vitaly Churkin confirmed that the Crimean interior ministry was attacked on Saturday by armed men sent by Kiev in a statement he made before the UN Security Council.) The incidents were captured on tape and can be seen here:
Here's an excerpt from one of the hacked emails, also from the same post, allegedly between the coup plotters in Kiev and a Tatar leader:
"Everything is going according to the plan. We are ready to proceed with the second part of the play. As agreed earlier last week, my guys together with people from the "Karpatskaya Sech" and UNA-UNSO will arrive wherever is needed and with the necessary weapons. You only need to let us know the addresses of the warehouses in Simferopol, Sevastopol, Kerch, Feodosia and Yalta, and the time of the meeting…" (The Crimean Anti-Coup Move" Moon of Alabama)
Yep, "everything is going according to plan", all right…..Everything except for those Russian regulars that are guarding the buildings we're supposed to blow up. Where'd they come from?
Sounds like a Monty Python skit, doesn't it?
Of course, I have no way of verifying the information here, but it seems like a plausible scenario given what we already know about foreign involvement in these phony made-in-the-US revolutions.
Here's more from the same post:
"According to news appearing in the French, Ukrainian and Russian press, Turkish Intelligence has a finger in the ongoing pro-EU protests in Ukraine. News stories from these three nations have claimed that the governmental intelligence organization of Turkey, the National Intelligence Organization (M?T) organized the transfer of separatist, jihadist Tatars trained in Turkey to the Ukraine. According to French news site Egalite et Réconciliation, dozens of Crimean Tatar Jihadists were extracted from Syria by the M?T and transferred to Ukraine via Turkey on an ?stanbul-Sevastopol flight of Turkish Airlines on the 22 November. According to information based on sources from the Security Service of Ukraine, (SBU), Crimean Tatars who attended the protests in Ukraine's capital Kiev on November 21 were charged with establishing the security of the square." ("The Crimean Anti-Coup Move" Moon of Alabama)
Nice, eh? So, Turkey's spy agency is arming and training "jihadist Tatars" and then shipping them off to Ukraine to fight in Uncle Sam's NWO Sweepstakes? What a tangled web we weave. But, then, just about everyone knew that the so called Ukrainian "revolution" was a big, fat fraud engineered by foreign Intel agencies, subversive NGOs and voracious globalist oligarchs. Still, it makes it a lot easier when the main players leave their fingerprints on the murder weapon so you can figure out who's who. In this case, we know the State Department was at least tangentially involved because of Victoria Nuland's hacked phone call. At the very least, we know that the Obama braintrust was pulling strings behind the scenes to get rid of the democratically-elected president Viktor Yanukovych and replace him with a compliant US puppet. And they certainly succeeded in that regard, too. It's the rest of the plan that went south.
You may have noticed that the above post mentions a third group along with the Tatar jihadis and the Nazis. They also mention the UNA-UNSO. So who the heck are these guys anyway?
As it turns out, political analyst, F. William Engdahl has done a bit of research on the group and gives a rundown in a recent article titled "The Rape of Ukraine; Phase Two Begins". Here's what he says:
"The question unanswered until now is who deployed the snipers? (who shot into the crowd in Maidan Square) According to veteran US intelligence sources, the snipers came from an ultra-right-wing military organization known as Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defense (UNA-UNSO).
Ever since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 the crack-para-military UNA-UNSO members have been behind every revolt against Russian influence. The one connecting thread in their violent campaigns is always anti-Russia. The organization, according to veteran US intelligence sources, is part of a secret NATO "GLADIO" organization, and not a Ukraine nationalist group as portrayed in western media….
"These people are the dangerous mercenaries used all over the world to fight NATO's dirty war, and to frame Russia because this group pretends to be Russian special forces…..
If true that UNA-UNSO is not "Ukrainian" opposition, but rather a highly secret NATO force using Ukraine as base, it would suggest that the EU peace compromise with the moderates was likely sabotaged by the one major player excluded from the Kiev 21 February diplomatic talks—Victoria Nuland's State Department." (F. William Engdahl, "The Rape of Ukraine; Phase Two Begins", Information Clearinghouse)
So, were there NATO-backed paramilitaries on the ground stirring up trouble prior to the coup? Did they instigate the coup by firing into the crowd on Maidan Square, killing innocent people and creating the panic that forced Yanukovych to flee the country? Did they execute this plan to avoid new elections which were agreed upon by the opposing parties? Did they execute the plan to take advantage of the fact that Putin was still bogged down at the Olympic games and unable to give the crisis his undivided attention?
These are just some of the questions that remain unanswered, but even without all the details, there's certainly enough to suggest that agents of foreign governments played a critical role in toppling Ukraine's president.
At present, the situation in the Crimea appears to be relatively calm due to stepped up security. The Russian military has secured the main government buildings, airports, military bases and harbors. Working people are still able to carry out their daily activities much as they had before the government was toppled. Putin has done what he had to do to defend Russian security and protect Russian-speaking people in the Crimea. Obama would have done the same thing had he been in a similar situation.
Naturally, the Obama team is hopping mad. Their plan failed, they have egg on their face, and they want revenge. That's why they dispatched the dreary John Kerry to make the rounds on the Sunday talk shows, so he could wave his finger threateningly at Putin while boring people to death with his monotone bloviating. The whole Obama team is having a giant hissyfit because they rolled the dice and came up snakeyes. That's unfortunate, but what do they plan to do about it; that's the question? After all, holding your breath and stomping your feet may be personally gratifying, but it doesn't translate into effective foreign policy. That takes insight, vision and a solid grasp of the facts, all of which are sadly lacking among the dismal members of the present administration. The problem is, there are no good options. Aside from launching a full-blown ground war, which nobody wants, Obama is just going to have to suck it up and move on, because, at the end of the day, Moscow's still going to control the Crimea and Obama and his EU collaborators are still going to be stuck with a broken, underwater province run by technocrats, kleptocrats, and neo-Nazi, clownshoes politicos. So, deal with it.
Here's how the president of the Council on Foreign Relations, Richard Haass, summed it up in an interview on CNN earlier in the week. He said, "This is not Syria, where the United States did have real options, and the president chose not to implement them. Here we really don't have very good options to introduce."
Indeed. There are "no good options" which is why we think that Moscow will shrug off the mudslinging and the saber rattling and go about its business much like before. In the words of an old Russian proverb, "Dogs bark, but the caravan passes on."
Posted in: Russia, Ukraine, USA | Tagged: crimea, Maidan, regime change, Right Sector
Israeli embassy pressured Amnesty to cancel launch of 'apartheid' book By Phil Weiss and Alex Kane
VTJP Occupied Palestine and Israel: News and Articles 22 March 2014
One thought on "Crimea River, Obama's Ukrainian Blunder By Mike Whitney"
Tad Davison says:
If ever the BBC, Sky News, CNN, Fox News, and a host of others tells you it's raining outside, I think you really ought to go and check for yourself!
Their reporting is so poor and so biased, it's hardly worth listening to, except as a reminder of what western propaganda is all about.
Tad Davison
Richest 1% owns more than TWICE as much wealth as 6.9 billion people – Oxfam
A super-rich one percent of the world's population has accumulated twice as much wealth as the remaining 90 percent, global charity Oxfam said in a newly-released report.
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text:
La contea di Pearl River (in inglese Pearl River County) è una contea dello Stato del Mississippi, negli Stati Uniti d'America. La popolazione al censimento del 2000 era di  abitanti. Il capoluogo di contea è Poplarville.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Pearl River

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dust 514: Beta key Giveaways!
Nine years have passed since the last game in the series and while graphics and gameplay may have changed greatly, the main man himself remains as he was left. Max Payne, unable to move on from the murder of his wife and daughter seeks salvation in bleak bars and at the bottom of whisky bottles. This addiction to brown liquor and pills, although not the characteristics we'd expect from a protagonist, plays a significant role in character development and realistic reaction to the trauma he has faced. Watching a man systematically destroy his life because it eases the pain becomes one of the main themes for Max Payne 3. While there are likely to be many variant reading of disapproval and disgust at this behaviour. The dominant feeling is that of pity for Max. Unlike many other third person shooters fighting through large quantities of enemies, Max Payne feels the most human and relatable I have ever come across. Rockstar have constructed their protagonist almost perfectly.
Location in Max Payne 3 is one of the biggest changes over its predecessor. No longer confined in the dark rundown representation of New York, Max Payne 3 opts for a more sunny approach that is found in São Paulo. Max is now working as a private security guard for the wealthy Branco family. Of course it wouldn't be Max Payne unless there were elaborate schemes afoot and so the kidnapping of Rodrigo Branco's trophy wife Fabiana sees Max begin the retrieval for his employer, only to discover things aren't all they seem. There is a large variety of different scenery that the player finds themselves in. From the poor streets of a slum to the bustling São Paulo nightclubs, no two levels look the same. All unique and all beautifully designed.
Controversy and a sense of dark irony can be found throughout the game, the idea of a wealthy family looking over the poverty of the outer city from a penthouse party brings forth one such example. While many games would overlook such a controversial issue, Max Payne seems to address it directly. Pointing to this failed distribution of wealth within the society while almost asking the player how this is allowed to persist. As well as highlighting issues of corruption that can be found in many third world countries, the game almost conveys positive connotations to those who are driven into gang affiliation. Suggesting that it is a means of survival for those who are poor, when all they have is a gun and a dream. Mixed with an incredible performance from James McCaffrey playing Max, delivering every line from the outstanding written script and playing the perfect mix of cynical, dark, out-of-place and still badass character we associate with Max Payne. The level of writing in both interactions and even the running monologue are of the highest quality, as you'd expect from a Rockstar game and wouldn't look out-of-place in any hollywood film.
In fact Max Payne 3 is almost a film in itself. Gameplay is separated frequently by cinematics and over the top quick time events. While this means the story is more compelling and action packed there is one fundamental flaw with this. It feels as if gameplay has taken a backseat to story. While gameplay in Max Payne is not bad by any means, far from it. It feels that these frequent cut scenes are intrusive to the players gaming experience. Max Payne is almost something you simply watch instead of control. When you are tasked with controlling Max the formula is always the same, move from point A to B while killing everyone among the way, the standard linear shooter's formula. However Max Payne feels more than that. While the game only really gives one way of progressing this is easily excused by the level of detail within the environment. repetitive shooting is less tedious due to the bulletdodge ability, in which Max will throw his body in a direction, aiming up shots in slow motion and moving towards cover simultaneously. Not that the cover may be sustainable for very long, Max Payne's destructable enviroments looks impressive and realistic, adding a faster pace than simply camping behind one wall. The lack of regenerating health also forces players to think about how they will engage situations as well as the pace of the action. When a player has a lot of pain killers, it's not uncommon to see them take more risks with a faster more audacious play style. This contrast in the speed of the game keeps it interesting and engaging and it provides a great feeling when you find pain killers on the brink of death.
Kill cam see's the camera follow a the killing bullet into the last enemy, all while in slow motion. Players can choose to either slow the process even more, or fire more shots into the dead man. While this process is visually striking, as well as informing the player when a wave of enemies is defeated. It also exhibits the violence within Max Payne. Throughout the play through there are many acts of brutality and some shocking images that more than warrant the 18 certificate. However these images aren't brutality for the sake of it, they are realistic constructions of violence within poorer parts of the world, especially gang orientated violence. All the violence conveys a message that most other games wouldn't dare address and this bravery is refreshing in such a saturated market.
Multiplayer is a surprise gem in Max Payne. Though I had low expectations upon entering, after my first few games alone I was convinced that it is a definite worthwhile addition to the game. Not only does it provide a surprisingly deep customisation it also has several game types that can months of extra gameplay, with new modes such a gang wars a mix of narrative with an outcome determined by the players, as well as the classics such as deathmatch and team deathmatch. There is even a rookie mode to ease players new to the online by pitting them against equal low-level players.
Overall I enjoyed every second of Max Payne 3 and felt fully engaged by its story and style. Several modes such as arcade mode and New York minuite add an incentive to play through the game again as well as the vast collectables throughout the game. Each clue is followed by a section of dialogue that can provide some very interesting information which makes Max Payn's story feel deep and realisitic. Rockstar have really outdone themselves this time.


Happy Saturday to you! This weeks tip is not about habits but focused on taking a nap. Yes, this weeks tip is to take a nap this weekend. As adults we really don't get enough sleep. So taking a nap is a great way to revive and refresh ourselves so we're rested and better for ourselves and the people around us.
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Despite many socalled figureheads in politics, sport, showbiz and other areas of public life showing a distinct lack of ethics pick your own favourite baddie it seems torching their own Nike. Nike and the Heaven brand to do when the No 1 baddie likes your brand? Not much Abercrombie &amp Fitch did not want Mike The Situation Sorrentino whose nickname refers to his abdominal muscles. especially since the threat of sanctions did little to deter Nike from clothing Irans team in the past &quotThose risks are even greater as we reimpose nuclearrelated sanctions,&quot Mandelker said &quotWe wi. Encouraging people to get high is rather an odd stance for one of the worlds best known sports brands But it seems thats the message Nike are selling with a new range of mens TShirts emblazoned. the big eyes and facial features splashed across the outfits are fairly DUesque Just look at the DU dress Baddie Winkle wore on the VMAs red carpet Or these DU bras Or this dress Awkward That be. Kanye West wants to claim the trademark to his Red October shoes, the final ones he designed for Nike before his switch to Adidas the rights to the name for use in selling footwear and clothing, i. Of course, that is because Genos is rocking the outfit Android 16 made famous Its just that Genos is far more likely to grind on as a hero rather than a humanhating baddie. But Camilla was left blushing for all the wrong reasons when she turned up in a stunning creme ensemble which was almost identical to her hosts outfit Standing beside Gretta Salinas de Medina, the. The model throws a Halloween bash every year and always impresses with her outfits Shes been a butterfly and a monkey This year he stuck with the animated character theme, but with a baddie Ur. The model and designer can be seen sitting in the middle of an elevator with Riccardo wearing an allblack outfit and a white pair of the Dunk Lux Highs Bella is rocking a black Nike sports bra which. What gadgetitem of clothing could you not go without? So many runners, including me, obsess over their shoes My goto pair are the Nike Pegasus they feel right whether Im racing, training on a tra. Brolys hair and outfit look much the same as it does in the film, but there is one rather glaring difference As you can see to the lefthand side, it looks like Toriyama designed Broly with an adult.
Related Post "Baddie Nike Outfit"


text:
Namor #26-33 Up:
Web of Spider-Man annual #9
Namor #34-40
Issue(s): Namor #34, Namor #35, Namor #36, Namor #37, Namor #38, Namor #39, Namor #40
Cover Date: Jan-Jul 93
Title: "Call from home" / "Dark awakenings" / "Killing time" / "When princely blood is shed" / "Shadows of ancient evils" / "Family reunion" / "Bitter sacrifices"
Bob Harras - Writer
Jae Lee / Jimmy Palmiotti & Bill Sienkiewicz / Scott Kolins - Penciler
Jae Lee / Bill Sienkiewicz, Shawn McManus, Christopher Ivy, Malcom Jones III, & Jimmy Palmiotti / Bill Sienkiewicz / Scott Kolins - Inker
Terry Kavanagh - Assistant Editor
Mark Powers - Editor
Jae Lee inks himself through issue #37. Issue #38 has the multitude of inkers. Lee is off the book with issue #39, which is drawn by Jimmy Palmiotti and "Howard Rourke" (Palmiotti is "breakdowns", Rourke is "artist"), and #40 is by Scott Kolins. These issue are pretty much the entirety of Bob Harras' run (he also concluded John Byrne's storyline in issue #33). "Howard Rourke" has been confirmed to be a pseudonym for Bill Sienkiewicz. See the comments of Blaze: Legacy of Blood #1-4 for more.
With these issues, the Namor series makes a hard turn from the previous themes of the series to a swords and sorcery setting. The fantasy setting may have been thought of as a better match for Jae Lee's art. But what's also interesting is that i usually think of Bob Harras as a sort of hard nosed commercially driven editor, thanks to the way he handled the X-Men franchise and then the larger Marvel universe when he became EiC. But these issues (and really starting with #33) prove that he's also a big continuity geek as he brings in a lot of obscure elements from Namor's previous series. This isn't the first sign of that aspect of Harras, but it really is on display here. At the same time, though, a lot of stuff is reimagined for the 90s, with extreme redesigns for Tiger Shark and even Namor (who gets a bulky suit of armor). Of course, those redesigns are pretty much by necessity when you have Jae Lee on art; i don't know if it's even possible for him to be on model (i guess his much later Inhumans series proved that he more or less could).
Seemingly immediately after the destruction of the Oracle building during the fight with Master Khan (the top of the building is still smoking), Vashti shows up with news of a fear growing in Atlantis. He also says that Warlord Seth is alive.
Note Vashti talking like he's never been to the surface world before despite Namor annual #1. Granted he wasn't in very good shape at that point. I also think it's funny to see Vashti complaining about how bright it is; not exactly supported by the moody art and coloring.
Vashti also recognizes the woman claiming to be Fen. Fen doesn't recognize Vashti, however, which is correct from a continuity perspective. I could easily see a writer assuming that Vashti had been an elder advisor since forever, but in fact Namor found him on the outskirts of Atlantis and made him a vizier in Tales To Astonish #71-76.
Namor agrees to go back to Atlantis with Vashti. Phoebe Marrs shows up to say that his departure is a good thing, since she's managed to take control of Oracle (as seen in the last arc). Namorita stays behind to try to deal with that situation, and Iron Fist and the Daughters of the Dragon drop from the series at this point as well.
Meanwhile, we see a vaguely human (i.e., not blue, but shrouded) man with his pregnant Atlantean wife Mara, but they are attacked by the Faceless Ones and Mara is killed. We learn that the man is Tiger Shark.
Also meanwhile, we see Prince Byrrah visited by a dwarf named Socus claiming that the "Old Ones" (not to be confused with the Faceless Ones) are returning.
The dwarf later visits Seth as well, telling him that his escape was in vain and that Namor has been dealt with. Namor and Vashti are attacked by Faceless Ones and seemingly killed. And Tiger Shark is joined by Tamara (not to be confused with Mara) Rahn.
Namor of course was not killed, but when he returns to Atlantis he finds that Fen has taken over.
Namor does not believe that "Fen" is really his mother, with the fact that she was decades older at the time she seemingly died being one pretty big clue. He joins forces with Tamara and Tiger Shark (and amazingly recognizes the latter). It's an uneasy alliance, of course.
I don't know when Tamara swore that she'd never return to Atlantis. She just kind of disappeared in the late 70s.
The story has cool fantasy elements...
...but continues the trend in this title towards major decompression, to the point where the plot feels like it is meandering.
The main bad guy Suma-Ket, the Lord of the Unforgiven Dead.
Ket was an ancient Atlantean sorcerer that made a bargain with the Atlantean people, wiping out the Faceless Ones in the area in return for them killing their current ruler, King Harran, and putting him in his place. Prince Byrrah is lured to his death with promises of being returned to the throne of Atlantis (it's not said what has happened to Attuma), and his death is what allows Suma-Ket to return. "Fen" is really Suma-Ket's wife, Artys-Gran, but she is possessing Fen, and Fen's memories bubble up and plague her.
Ket also has four additional women, the "Neried", working for him.
Beginning in issue #36, the stories are shortened a bit and the books are padded out with profiles of some of the characters. Issue #38 is when Jae Lee needed major inking help and then he's gone after that, so i suspect the profiles (which do include art from Lee) were an attempt to ease deadline pressures. I guess they also serve to provide backgrounds for obscure characters like Tamara Rahn and Warlord Seth, especially since the book refuses to use footnotes. Issue #37 has a foil cover (and a 75 cent price bump to go with it), but that's hardly worth noting anymore.
Namor gets stabbed by Suma-Ket in issue #37.
But a prayer from Seth brings Neptune...
...who heals Namor and even finally restores his long missing ankle-wings.
Neptune also gives Namor a suit of armor.
The Palmiotti/Rourke art in issue #39 looks more like it's trying to match Bill Sienkiewicz than Jae Lee, but it generally keeps the experimental nature of the book. (For what it's worth, i wrote this before seeing from Walter and Brian in the comments that Rourke is likely a pseudonym for Sienkiewicz.)
In #39, Namor and his allies go to the grave of Fen and open it. Fen is "alive" but looking much worse than her imposter.
Namor's group then heads back to Atlantis for a final confrontation with Suma-Ket (and we are now into the Scott Kolins art).
The people of Atlantis were in kind of a thrall, but the voice of the real Fen breaks them out of it. And Namor is able to kill Suma-Ket using the trident of Neptune, which is said to be a symbol of a newer age compared the the Old Ones that Ket represents. Fen is killed again by Socus but the threat is ended.
In the days of Conan's popularity, the Sub-Mariner's book picked up some elements from that genre, and this story is a kind of callback to that. Of course, with (mostly) Lee's art, the story is inevitably much more abstract and the same "it's more pin-up than plot" problem that occurred when Lee was working with Byrne is still in effect. There are interesting elements, and it's nice to see characters like Tamara and Seth, but the story is devoid of things that might have given it more depth. There's little in the way of characterization, and since everything relating to Byrne's run has been jettisoned, there are no subplots at all, just a very straight adventure. The use of Tiger Shark as a reluctant ally of Namor's doesn't feel as momentous as it should, and i mean the character is pretty much unrecognizable, both in look and in the idea that he had been settling down with an Atlantean woman.
All while Jae Lee was on the book, the letters were very positive. Which doesn't surprise me in and of itself, in part because i think Marvel generally selects more positive letters plus there's a little bit of self-selection (i.e. people that don't like the book just drop it and don't write in). And Lee's art is very nice to look at on a page by page basis, even if the storytelling is non-existent and after a while the uniqueness of it starts to fade. But what's interesting is that as soon as Lee is off the book with issue #39, we suddenly start seeing critical letters ("Subby is now an ugly hippie covered with veins"). Sales have basically been halved over the past two years, which isn't surprising given the pacing (even going back to the latter half of Byrne's run) and unusual, niche art. I guess you could say that the decline correlates with Byrne coming off pencils. But the book does manage to hang in there for another two years.
Statement of Ownership Total Paid Circulation: Average of Past 12 months = 113,327. Single issue closest to filing date = 103,300.
Quality Rating: D+
Historical Significance Rating: 2 - death of Prince Byrrah. Namor's ankle-wings are restored and he gets the armor of Kalen.
Chronological Placement Considerations: It's a little unclear if this is meant to start as a direct continuation from issue #33 or if the supporting characters (Iron Fist, Colleen & Misty, Namorita) have just returned to be with Namor again as Vashti is arriving. But the top of the Oracle building seems to still be smoking, so i guess it's a direct continuation. Which does mean a continued compression of the Namor series, putting these issues with cover dates of Jan-Jul 93 back in mid-1992. Namor has been wrapped up in the events of his own series since Namor #26 (and really even earlier than that, excepting a special case for the 1992 annuals). Among other things, this causes the 1993 annual to get pushed back in publication time.
There are no footnotes in these issues despite the decades-old references, but: The deaths of Lady Dorma (Sub-Mariner #37) and Marrina (Avengers #293) are mentioned several times in this arc.
The Faceless Ones were first seen in Tales To Astonish #70-76, the same arc that introduced Vashti.
Seth died in Sub-Mariner #21.
Princess Fen's death was shown in a flashback in Sub-Mariner #1.
Tamara Rahn was last seen in Avengers #156 (she also appeared in #33, covered in the previous entry).
At one point we see a dream of Artys-Gran, showing the day that she was executed by the "Sons of Kamuu". That's not really a reference, but Kamuu was the ruler of Atlantis at the time it sunk into the sea, as seen in back-up stories beginning in Sub-Mariner #63. The armor that Namor is given was originally worn by Kalen, the grandson of Kamuu.
Namor #55
Characters Appearing: Artys-Gran, Byrrah, Colleen Wing, Dara, Iron Fist, Misty Knight, Namorita, Neptune, Phoebe Marrs, Princess Fen, Socus, Sub-Mariner, Tamara Rahn, Tiger Shark, Vashti, Warlord Seth
I think the Dara in this story is supposed to be the same Dara as in the 1984 Sub-Mariner series- if that's the case he should be listed as a Character Appearing.
Posted by: Michael | August 25, 2016 5:54 PM
Is Howard Rourke a pseudonym--a riff on "Howard Roark" in Ayn Rand's Fountainhead?
Posted by: Walter Lawson | August 25, 2016 8:03 PM
When this fantasy-horror theme first showed up, I was intrigued enough to pick up the title again. I liked the build up, but I was disappointed that there were no footnotes explaining any of these characters. However, the actual story and denoeument were disappointing. I think this should have been more of an ongoing subplot for a while, with Namor doing other things, and then a final revelation when the bad guys make their move.
A bigger mistake is to completely jettison what Byrne built instead of integrating other Namor/Atlantean mythos elements back into the title.
What this book has always needed was a good rogues gallery with ongoing villains who could return. Desmond Marrs doesn't count because he was more an ongoing story and villainous foil, a much more wicked JJJ, than a true villain. The failure to use Roxxon Oil effectively as a corporate villain was a big disappointment. Super Skrull was just a long term story. Namor needed villains who would show up once sometime in issues 1-10, then a second time somewhere in 12-18, and a third time during 24-30 for example. That is how you build engagement with the title.
Namor does have some good villains with interesting personalities and motivations (although rarely a variety of powers). Tiger Shark, Attuma, Krang, and Orka spring to mind. If you take those, add some other existing villains looking for a good home, plus some new ones then that would be a good start to an effective rogues gallery.
Posted by: Chris | August 25, 2016 9:26 PM
@Michael, thanks regarding Dara. I've added him and found a few more appearances as well thanks to the Marvel Appendix and Marvel's Wiki.
And since i didn't mention him in the entry: Lord Dara is Warlord Seth's twin brother and a member of the Atlantean court. Towards the end of this story, Dara attacks Artys-Gran, but he's killed by an enthralled Atlantean, and his death is actually what triggers the prophecy that would have brought back the Old Ones.
@Walter, i don't know if it's a pseudonym or not, but Howard Rourke also will get an inking credit on all four parts of the 1993-1994 Blaze miniseries.
Posted by: fnord12 | August 26, 2016 8:01 AM
I can't prove "Howard Rourke" is Bill Sienkiewicz, but there's a couple art sites selling a Blaze miniseries cover and a pin-up as being inked by Sienkiewicz under the name of Rourke. Take that for you will.
Posted by: Brian C. Saunders | August 26, 2016 11:33 AM
Am I the only one who thinks that Jae Lee's art here is indefensible? It has some superficial coolness factor, but it also has zero storytelling capability, the characters are nearly unrecognizable and the enviroments are non-existant. McFarlane has been bashed around here (and with good reason), but compared to this, his storytelling was crystal-clear!
Seriously, this is just awful.
Posted by: Piotr W | August 26, 2016 3:46 PM
Some full-face pages do bring to mind the work of French artist Philippe Druillet. Then again, Druillet had some storytelling problems of his own eventually...
Posted by: Mark Drummond | August 27, 2016 11:34 AM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Was very flexible and made a very nice design!!! Will come back to him every time from now on.
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Awesome work. Very willing to make changes, and quick response time. Absolutely satisfied with the finished product.


"Cambodian language" redirects here. For other languages spoken in Cambodia, see Demographics of Cambodia § Languages.
Khmer /kmɛər/ or Cambodian (natively ភាសាខ្មែរ phiəsaa khmae Khmer pronunciation: [pʰiə.ˈsaː kʰmae], dialectal khmæ or khmɛɛr, or more formally ខេមរភាសា kheemaʾraʾ phiəsaa Khmer pronunciation: [kʰeː.maʔ.raʔ pʰiə.ˈsa:]) is the language of the Khmer people and the official language of Cambodia. With approximately 16 million speakers, it is the second most widely spoken Austroasiatic language (after Vietnamese). Khmer has been influenced considerably by Sanskrit and Pali, especially in the royal and religious registers, through Hinduism and Buddhism. The more colloquial registers have influenced, and have been influenced by, Thai, Lao, Vietnamese, and Cham, all of which, due to geographical proximity and long-term cultural contact, form a sprachbund in peninsular Southeast Asia. It is also the earliest recorded and earliest written language of the Mon–Khmer family, predating Mon and by a significant margin Vietnamese, due to Old Khmer being the language of the historical empires of Chenla, Angkor and, presumably, their earlier predecessor state, Funan.
The vast majority of Khmer speakers speak Central Khmer, the dialect of the central plain where the Khmer are most heavily concentrated. Within Cambodia, regional accents exist in remote areas but these are regarded as varieties of Central Khmer. Two exceptions are the speech of the capital, Phnom Penh, and that of the Khmer Khe in Stung Treng province, both of which differ sufficiently enough from Central Khmer to be considered separate dialects of Khmer. Outside of Cambodia, three distinct dialects are spoken by ethnic Khmers native to areas that were historically part of the Khmer Empire. The Northern Khmer dialect is spoken by over a million Khmers in the southern regions of Northeast Thailand and is treated by some linguists as a separate language. Khmer Krom, or Southern Khmer, is the first language of the Khmer of Vietnam while the Khmer living in the remote Cardamom mountains speak a very conservative dialect that still displays features of the Middle Khmer language.
Khmer is primarily an analytic, isolating language. There are no inflections, conjugations or case endings. Instead, particles and auxiliary words are used to indicate grammatical relationships. General word order is subject–verb–object, and modifiers follow the word they modify. Classifiers appear after numbers when used to count nouns, though not always so consistently as in languages like Chinese. In spoken Khmer, topic-comment structure is common and the perceived social relation between participants determines which sets of vocabulary, such as pronouns and honorifics, are proper.
Khmer differs from neighboring languages such as Thai, Burmese, Lao and Vietnamese in that it is not a tonal language. Words are stressed on the final syllable, hence many words conform to the typical Mon–Khmer pattern of a stressed syllable preceded by a minor syllable. The language has been written in the Khmer script, an abugida descended from the Brahmi script via the southern Indian Pallava script, since at least the seventh century. The script's form and use has evolved over the centuries; its modern features include subscripted versions of consonants used to write clusters and a division of consonants into two series with different inherent vowels. Approximately 79% of Cambodians are able to read Khmer.
Khmer is a member of the Austroasiatic language family, the autochthonous family in an area that stretches from the Malay Peninsula through Southeast Asia to East India. Austroasiatic, which also includes Mon, Vietnamese and Munda, has been studied since 1856 and was first proposed as a language family in 1907. Despite the amount of research, there is still doubt about the internal relationship of the languages of Austroasiatic. Diffloth places Khmer in an eastern branch of the Mon-Khmer languages. In these classification schemes Khmer's closest genetic relatives are the Bahnaric and Pearic languages. More recent classifications doubt the validity of the Mon-Khmer sub-grouping and place the Khmer language as its own branch of Austroasiatic equidistant from the other 12 branches of the family.
Khmer is spoken by some 13 million people in Cambodia, where it is the official language. It is also a second language for most of the minority groups and indigenous hill tribes there. Additionally there are a million speakers of Khmer native to southern Vietnam (1999 census) and 1.4 million in northeast Thailand (2006).
Khmer dialects, although mutually intelligible, are sometimes quite marked. Notable variations are found in speakers from Phnom Penh (Cambodia's capital city), the rural Battambang area, the areas of Northeast Thailand adjacent to Cambodia such as Surin province, the Cardamom Mountains, and southern Vietnam. The dialects form a continuum running roughly north to south. Standard Cambodian Khmer is mutually intelligible with the others but a Khmer Krom speaker from Vietnam, for instance, may have great difficulty communicating with a Khmer native of Sisaket Province in Thailand.
The following is a classification scheme showing the development of the modern Khmer dialects.
Standard Khmer, or Central Khmer, the language as taught in Cambodian schools and used by the media, is based on the dialect spoken throughout the Central Plain, a region encompassed by the northwest and central provinces.
Northern Khmer (called Khmer Surin in Khmer) refers to the dialects spoken by many in several border provinces of present-day northeast Thailand. After the fall of the Khmer Empire in the early 15th century, the Dongrek Mountains served as a natural border leaving the Khmer north of the mountains under the sphere of influence of the Kingdom of Lan Xang. The conquests of Cambodia by Naresuan the Great for Ayutthaya furthered their political and economic isolation from Cambodia proper, leading to a dialect that developed relatively independently from the midpoint of the Middle Khmer period. This has resulted in a distinct accent influenced by the surrounding tonal languages Lao and Thai, lexical differences, and phonemic differences in both vowels and distribution of consonants. Syllable-final /r/, which has become silent in other dialects of Khmer, is still pronounced in Northern Khmer. Some linguists classify Northern Khmer as a separate but closely related language rather than a dialect.
Western Khmer, also called Cardamom Khmer or Chanthaburi Khmer, is spoken by a very small, isolated population in the Cardamom mountain range extending from western Cambodia into eastern Central Thailand. Although little studied, this variety is unique in that it maintains a definite system of vocal register that has all but disappeared in other dialects of modern Khmer.
Phnom Penh Khmer is spoken in the capital and surrounding areas. This dialect is characterized by merging or complete elision of syllables, which speakers from other regions consider a "relaxed" pronunciation. For instance, "Phnom Penh" is sometimes be shortened to "m'Penh". Another characteristic of Phnom Penh speech is observed in words with an "r" either as an initial consonant or as the second member of a consonant cluster (as in the English word "bread"). The "r", trilled or flapped in other dialects, is either pronounced as a uvular trill or not pronounced at all. This alters the quality of any preceding consonant, causing a harder, more emphasized pronunciation. Another unique result is that the syllable is spoken with a low-rising or "dipping" tone much like the "hỏi" tone in Vietnamese. For example, some people pronounce /trəj/ ('fish') as [təj]: the /r/ is dropped and the vowel begins by dipping much lower in tone than standard speech and then rises, effectively doubling its length. Another example is the word /riən/ ('study'), which is pronounced [ʀiən], with the uvular "r" and the same intonation described above.
Khmer Krom or Southern Khmer is spoken by the indigenous Khmer population of the Mekong Delta, formerly controlled by the Khmer Empire but part of Vietnam since 1698. Khmers are persecuted by the Vietnamese government for using their native language and, since the 1950s, have been forced to take Vietnamese names. Consequently, very little research has been published regarding this dialect. It has been generally influenced by Vietnamese for three centuries and accordingly displays a pronounced accent, tendency toward monosyllablic words and lexical differences from Standard Khmer.
Khmer Khe is spoken in the Se San, Srepok and Sekong river valleys of Sesan and Siem Pang districts in Stung Treng Province. Following the decline of Angkor, the Khmer abandoned their northern territories, which the Lao then settled. In the 17th century, Chey Chetha XI led a Khmer force into Stung Treng to retake the area. The Khmer Khe living in this area of Stung Treng in modern times are presumed to be the descendants of this group. Their dialect is thought to resemble that of pre-modern Siem Reap.
Linguistic study of the Khmer language divides its history into four periods one of which, the Old Khmer period, is subdivided into pre-Angkorian and Angkorian. Pre-Angkorian Khmer, the Old Khmer language from 600 CE through 800, is only known from words and phrases in Sanskrit texts of the era. Old Khmer (or Angkorian Khmer) is the language as it was spoken in the Khmer Empire from the 9th century until the weakening of the empire sometime in the 13th century. Old Khmer is attested by many primary sources and has been studied in depth by a few scholars, most notably Saveros Pou, Phillip Jenner and Heinz-Jürgen Pinnow. Following the end of the Khmer Empire the language lost the standardizing influence of being the language of government and accordingly underwent a turbulent period of change in morphology, phonology and lexicon. The language of this transition period, from about the 14th to 18th centuries, is referred to as Middle Khmer and saw borrowing from Thai, Lao and, to a lesser extent, Vietnamese. The changes during this period are so profound that the rules of Modern Khmer can not be applied to correctly understand Old Khmer. The language became recognizable as Modern Khmer, spoken from the 19th century till today.
The following table shows the conventionally accepted historical stages of Khmer.
Just as modern Khmer was emerging from the transitional period represented by Middle Khmer, Cambodia fell under the influence of French colonialism. Thailand, which had for centuries claimed suzerainty over Cambodia and controlled succession to the Cambodian throne, began losing its influence on the language. In 1887 Cambodia was fully integrated into French Indochina, which brought in a French-speaking aristocracy. This led to French becoming the language of higher education and the intellectual class. By 1907, the French had wrested over half of modern-day Cambodia, including the north and northwest where Thai had been the prestige language, back from Thai control and reintegrated it into the country.
Many native scholars in the early 20th century, led by a monk named Chuon Nath, resisted the French and Thai influences on their language. Forming the government sponsored Cultural Committee to define and standardize the modern language, they championed Khmerization, purging of foreign elements, reviving affixation, and the use of Old Khmer roots and historical Pali and Sanskrit to coin new words for modern ideas. Opponents, led by Keng Vannsak, who embraced "total Khmerization" by denouncing the reversion to classical languages and favoring the use of contemporary colloquial Khmer for neologisms, and Ieu Koeus, who favored borrowing from Thai, were also influential. Koeus later joined the Cultural Committee and supported Nath. Nath's views and prolific work won out and he is credited with cultivating modern Khmer-language identity and culture, overseeing the translation of the entire Pali Buddhist canon into Khmer. He also created the modern Khmer language dictionary that is still in use today, thereby ensuring that Khmer would survive, and indeed flourish, during the French colonial period.
The phonological system described here is the inventory of sounds of the standard spoken language, represented using appropriate symbols from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
The voiceless plosives /p/, /t/, /c/, /k/ may occur with or without aspiration (as [p] vs. [pʰ], etc.); this difference is contrastive before a vowel. However, the aspirated sounds in that position may be analyzed as sequences of two phonemes: /ph/, /th/, /ch/, /kh/. This analysis is supported by the fact that infixes can be inserted between the stop and the aspiration; for example [tʰom] ('big') becomes [tumhum] ('size') with a nominalizing infix. When one of these plosives occurs initially before another consonant, aspiration is no longer contrastive and can be regarded as mere phonetic detail: slight aspiration is expected when the following consonant is not one of /ʔ/, /b/, /d/, /r/, /s/, /h/ (or /ŋ/ if the initial plosive is /k/).
The voiced plosives are pronounced as implosives [ɓ, ɗ] by most speakers, but this feature is weak in educated speech, where they become [b, d].
In syllable-final position, /h/ and /ʋ/ approach [ç] and [w] respectively. The stops /p/, /t/, /c/, /k/ are unaspirated and have no audible release when occurring as syllable finals.
In addition, the consonants /ɡ/, /f/, /ʃ/ and /z/ occur occasionally in recent loan words in the speech of Cambodians familiar with French and other languages.
Various authors have proposed slightly different analyses of the Khmer vowel system. This may be in part because of the wide degree of variation in pronunciation between individual speakers, even within a dialectal region. The description below follows Huffman (1970). The number of vowel nuclei and their values vary between dialects; differences exist even between the Standard Khmer system and that of the Battambang dialect on which the standard is based.
In addition, some diphthongs and triphthongs are analyzed as a vowel nucleus plus a semivowel (/j/ or /w/) coda because they can not be followed by a final consonant. These include: (with short monophthongs) /ɨw/, /əw/, /aj/, /aw/, /uj/; (with long monophthongs) /əːj/, /aːj/; (with long diphthongs) /iəj/, /iəw/, /ɨəj/, /aoj/, /aəj/ and /uəj/.
A Khmer syllable begins with a single consonant, or else with a cluster of two, or rarely three, consonants. The only possible clusters of three consonants at the start of a syllable are /str/, /skr/, and (with aspirated consonants analyzed as two-consonant sequences) /sth/, /lkh/. There are 85 possible two-consonant clusters (including [pʰ] etc. analyzed as /ph/ etc.). All the clusters are shown in the following table, phonetically, i.e. superscript ʰ can mark either contrastive or non-contrastive aspiration (see above).
After the initial consonant or consonant cluster comes the syllabic nucleus, which is one of the vowels listed above. This vowel may end the syllable or may be followed by a coda, which is a single consonant. If the syllable is stressed and the vowel is short, there must be a final consonant. All consonant sounds except /b/, /d/, /r/, /s/ and the aspirates can appear as the coda (although final /r/ is heard in some dialects, most notably in Northern Khmer).
Stress in Khmer falls on the final syllable of a word. Because of this predictable pattern, stress is non-phonemic in Khmer (it does not distinguish different meanings).
Compounds, however, preserve the stress patterns of the constituent words. Thus សំបុកចាប, the name of a kind of cookie (literally 'bird's nest'), is pronounced [sɑmˌbok ˈcaːp], with secondary stress on the second rather than the first syllable, because it is composed of the words [sɑmˈbok] ('nest') and [caːp] ('bird').
Khmer once had a phonation distinction in its vowels, but this now survives only in the most archaic dialect (Western Khmer). The distinction arose historically when vowels after Old Khmer voiced consonants became breathy voiced and diphthongized; for example *kaa, *ɡaa became *kaa, *ɡe̤a. When consonant voicing was lost, the distinction was maintained by the vowel (*kaa, *ke̤a); later the phonation disappeared as well ([kaː], [kiə]). These processes explain the origin of what are now called a-series and o-series consonants in the Khmer script.
Although most Cambodian dialects are not tonal, colloquial Phnom Penh dialect has developed a tonal contrast (level versus peaking tone) as a by-product of the elision of /r/.
Intonation often conveys semantic context in Khmer, as in distinguishing declarative statements, questions and exclamations. The available grammatical means of making such distinctions are not always used, or may be ambiguous; for example, the final interrogative particle ទេ /teː/ can also serve as an emphasizing (or in some cases negating) particle.
The intonation pattern of a typical Khmer declarative phrase is a steady rise throughout followed by an abrupt drop on the last syllable.
Other intonation contours signify a different type of phrase such as the "full doubt" interrogative, similar to yes-no questions in English. Full doubt interrogatives remain fairly even in tone throughout, but rise sharply towards the end.
Exclamatory phrases follow the typical steadily rising pattern, but rise sharply on the last syllable instead of falling.
/prɑdouc/ "to bite each other"
/bɑŋriən/ "to cause to break"
"to take for a walk"
Compounding in Khmer is a common derivational process that takes two forms, coordinate compounds and repetitive compounds. Coordinate compounds join two unbound morphemes (independent words) of similar meaning to form a compound signifying a concept more general than either word alone.:296 Coordinate compounds join either two nouns or two verbs. Repetitive compounds, one of the most productive derivational features of Khmer, use reduplication of an entire word to derive words whose meaning depends on the class of the reduplicated word.:185 A repetitive compound of a noun indicates plurality or generality while that of an adjectival verb could mean either an intensification or plurality.
Khmer nouns do not inflect for grammatical gender or singular/plural. There are no articles, but indefiniteness is often expressed by the word for "one" (មួយ, /muəj/) following the noun as in ឆ្កែមួយ (/cʰkae muəj/ "a dog"). Plurality can be marked by postnominal particles, numerals, or reduplication of a following adjective, which, although similar to intensification, is usually not ambiguous due to context.
Pronouns are subject to a complicated system of social register, the choice of pronoun depending on the perceived relationships between speaker, audience and referent (see Social registers below). Kinship terms, nicknames and proper names are often used as pronouns (including for the first person) among intimates. Subject pronouns are frequently dropped in colloquial conversation.
Adjectives, verbs and verb phrases may be made into nouns by the use of nominalization particles. Three of the more common particles used to create nouns are /kaː/, /sec kdəj/, and /pʰiəp/.:45–48 These particles are prefixed most often to verbs to form abstract nouns. The latter, derived from Sanskrit, also occurs as a suffix in fixed forms borrowed from Sanskrit and Pali such as /sokʰa.pʰiəp/ ("health") from /sok/ ("to be healthy").
Adjectives, demonstratives and numerals follow the noun they modify. Adverbs likewise follow the verb. Morphologically, adjectives and adverbs are not distinguished, with many words often serving either function. Adjectives are also employed as verbs as Khmer sentences rarely use a copula.
Degrees of comparison are constructed syntactically. Comparatives are expressed using the word ជាង /ciəŋ/: "A X /ciəŋ/ [B]" (A is more X [than B]). The most common way to express superlatives is with ជាងគេ /ciəŋ keː/: "A X /ciəŋ keː/" (A is the most X). Intensity is also expressed syntactically, similar to other languages of the region, by reduplication or with the use of intensifiers.
Khmer verbs are a relatively open class and can be divided into two types, main verbs and auxiliary verbs.:254 Huffman defined a Khmer verb as "any word that can be (negated)",:56 and further divided main verbs into three classes.
Adjectival verbs are a word class that has no equivalent in English. When modifying a noun or verb, they function as adjectives or adverbs, respectively, but they may also be used as main verbs equivalent to English "be + adjective".
Syntax is the rules and processes that describe how sentences are formed in a particular language, how words relate to each other within clauses or phrases and how those phrases relate to each other within a sentence to convey meaning. Khmer syntax is very analytic. Relationships between words and phrases are signified primarily by word order supplemented with auxiliary verbs and, particularly in formal and literary registers, grammatical marking particles. Grammatical phenomena such as negation and aspect are marked by particles while interrogative sentences are marked either by particles or interrogative words equivalent to English "wh-words".
A complete Khmer sentence consists of four basic elements—an optional topic, an optional subject, an obligatory predicate, and various adverbials and particles. The topic and subject are noun phrases, predicates are verb phrases and another noun phrase acting as an object or verbal attribute often follows the predicate.
Negation is achieved by putting មិន /mɨn/ before the verb and the particle ទេ /teː/ at the end of the sentence or clause. In colloquial speech, verbs can also be negated without the need for a final particle, by placing ឥត /ʔɑt/~/ʔət/ before them.
There are three basic types of questions in Khmer.:46 Questions requesting specific information use question words. Polar questions are indicated with interrogative particles, most commonly /teː/, a homonym of the negation particle. Tag questions are indicated with various particles and rising inflection.:57 The SVO word order is generally not inverted for questions.
In more formal contexts and in polite speech, questions are also marked at their beginning by the particle /taə/.
Counting in Khmer is based on a biquinary system (the numbers from 6 to 9 have the form "five one", "five two", etc.) However, the words for multiples of ten from 30 to 90 are not related to the basic Khmer numbers, but are probably borrowed from Thai. Khmer numerals, which were inherited from Indian numerals, are used more widely than Western Arabic numerals.
The principal number words are listed in the following table, which gives Western and Khmer digits, Khmer spelling and IPA transcription.
Intermediate numbers are formed by compounding the above elements. Powers of ten are denoted by loan words: រយ /rɔːj/ (100), ពាន់ /pŏən/ (1,000), ម៉ឺន /məɨn/ (10,000), សែន /saen/ (100,000) and លាន /liən/ (1,000,000) from Thai and កោដិ /kaot/ (10,000,000) from Sanskrit.
Ordinal numbers are formed by placing the particle ទី /tiː/ before the corresponding cardinal number.
Khmer employs a system of registers in which the speaker must always be conscious of the social status of the person spoken to. The different registers, which include those used for common speech, polite speech, speaking to or about royals and speaking to or about monks, employ alternate verbs, names of body parts and pronouns. This results in what appears to foreigners as separate languages and, in fact, isolated villagers often are unsure how to speak with royals and royals raised completely within the court do not feel comfortable speaking the common register. As an example, the word for "to eat" used between intimates or in reference to animals is /siː/. Used in polite reference to commoners, it is /ɲam/. When used of those of higher social status, it is /pisa/ or /tɔtuəl tiən/. For monks the word is /cʰan/ and for royals, /saoj/. Another result is that the pronominal system is complex and full of honorific variations, just a few of which are shown in the table below.
Khmer is written with the Khmer script, an abugida developed from the Pallava script of India before the 7th century when the first known inscription appeared. Written left-to-right with vowel signs that can be placed after, before, above or below the consonant they follow, the Khmer script is similar in appearance and usage to Thai and Lao, both of which were based on the Khmer system. The Khmer script is also distantly related to the Mon script, the ancestor of the modern Burmese script. Within Cambodia, literacy in the Khmer alphabet is estimated at 77.6%.
The following text is from Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
mnoussa teangoasa kaetamk mean seripheap ning pheap smae knea knong setthi ning sechakdeithlaithnaur. mnoussa krobroub sotthote mean vichearonanhnhean ning satesambochonhnh haey trauv br pru td champoh knea towvinhtowmk knong smartei reaban knea chea bangobaaun.
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