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#Election2016
Yes, Hillary's Nomination For President Really Is a Big Effin' Deal
Whether you're With Her or Feeling the Bern, there is something quite exciting about bearing witness to a historical milestone that has been centuries in the making. Here's why.
Jen Deaderick Jun 7, 2016
Hillary Rodham Clinton has become the first woman to secure the nomination for president in the primary of a major political party. This was no coronation. This has been a tough, grueling primary, and it's the second one she's been through in the last ten years. Even before her first run for president in 2008, she had spent decades working on progressive causes, wearing out her shoe leather learning how to work in the grassroots ground games, and in the corridors of power. She earned this nomination by working a lot harder, by being a lot smarter, by being a self-starter.
She earned it, but she also stood on a lot of shoulders to get to where she is, walked though a lot of doors that others had opened, or left ajar. Since 1776, women have fought, over and over again, to be full participants in this great political experiment: the United States of America.
When the Founders wrote "All Men are Created Equal," they really did mean to say "men." It was not meant as a universal word meaning humans. Elizabeth "Mum Bett" Freeman saw herself in the Declaration of Independence and sued for her freedom, and Abigail Adams famously urged John to "remember the ladies" in his work at the Constitutional Convention:
"I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation."
Nonetheless, women were decisively excluded from full citizenship.
In 1792, only a couple of years after the U.S. Constitution was fully ratified, Mary Wollstonecraft, as part of an ongoing public discussion of the French Revolution, published A Vindication of the Rights of Woman in England. While it did not call for full equality of the sexes in all things, it did argue that women had inalienable, natural rights, the same as men, and that to deny them those rights was a sin. It was read and discussed throughout the English-speaking world, required reading for any who considered themselves intellectual, including in the still-dewy United States of America.
Our intellectual elite kicked the can down the road. Defining the rights of women was largely left to the states, who generally preserved the only laws that governed the position of women in society: marriage laws. Based primarily on English common-law, state laws on marriage continued to subscribe to coverture, described thusly by William Blackstone in his Commentaries on the Laws of England, originally published in the 1760s:
"By marriage, the husband and wife are one person in law: that is, the very being or legal existence of the woman is suspended during the marriage, or at least is incorporated and consolidated into that of the husband: under whose wing, protection, and cover, she performs every thing…"
Slaves were not allowed to marry; the reasoning was, in part, due to the belief then that it would have caused confusion about who had legal dominion over an enslaved woman: her husband or her master.
In a nation that was redefining leadership and hierarchy, however, boundaries were not etched in stone. The Washingtons, working to establish rituals and protocol around the office of the presidency, held fancy mixed-gender parties at which the wives of the president's cabinet members sat at a table with Martha at the head in the positions their husbands took at the cabinet table. Politics were discussed quite passionately and openly.
The Adamses, of course, continued their partnership of equals as best as they could through his presidency, with Abigail keeping herself informed of daily affairs, and expressing her thoughts in mixed company.
Jefferson's time in France before their revolution, however, had convinced him that the interference of French women in their country's affairs at fancy salons behind closed doors had contributed heavily to France's implosion. To avoid this, he enacted a strict wall between the domestic and public spheres. He banned nearly all formal presidential receptions, and kept groups of politically interested women from meeting in the presidential residence.
Jefferson, who was screwing his deceased wife's enslaved half-sister, found the public sphere distasteful. He sought to protect women—White women, that is—from the contamination of public life, believing them best kept within the domestic sphere, attending to its maintenance, preserving it as a sanctum to which their weary men could retreat after a long filthy day in the outside world.
First Ladies following Jefferson's presidency, particularly Dolley Madison and Louisa Catherine Adams, sought to create a more social and gender inclusive atmosphere in the presidential residence, and Federal political life in general, but the romanticized notion of a woman tending mainly to the domestic sphere continued.
Women outside of the elite class—poorer White women, and Black women both enslaved and free—rarely got to whisper in a powerful male ear, and had to fight for greater access to financial and political participation. Celebrated women like the Lowell Mill Girls, Harriet Tubman, Susan B. Anthony, Sojourner Truth, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Maria Stewart as well as women whose names have been lost to history wrote and spoke and fought to lay their claim to liberty and citizenship. They were part of a national conversation that consumed, and nearly destroyed, the country about what citizenship was, and who got to claim it. The 14th amendment, sweeping and profound in its scope, still specifically secured voting rights only to men, leaving women with no guarantee of citizenship.
In 1872, Victoria Woodhull—who had already founded, with her sister, the first female-run brokerage house in the U.S., and published a newspaper—became the first woman to run for president. She ran largely on a platform that called for changing marriage laws to give women more power over their own lives, including the right to leave a marriage, should they choose. Though she was serious about her cause, the run for the presidency was, in all practical ways, a stunt. Women still didn't even have the right to vote. There was no chance of a woman becoming president.
With the ratification of the 19th amendment in 1920, women got the vote, and the gaping gender gap in the 14th amendment was plugged. But there were still gaps to be filled. That the 14th amendment could delineate certain rights by gender meant that legal equality of the genders was not guaranteed, even with the 19th Amendment. Alice Paul wrote the Equal Rights Amendment in 1923, and it was first introduced to Congress that year. It failed to make it out of committee.
Even without full equal rights, women, including those who were thought to be respectable, started cutting their hair short, drinking and smoking in public, raising their hemlines, having sex a little more openly, dancing in front of strangers, eating food where everyone could see them. Crazy things like that.
The ERA continued to be introduced year after year with no success. Then, in the 1940s, as women were being asked to take over the jobs men had left behind to go to war, the two major political parties adopted passage of the ERA into their party platforms. The Republicans added it in 1940. The Democrats, party of labor, who feared potential job competition from women, didn't put the ERA in their platform until 1944. It still went nowhere.
When the men returned from war, women were shooed back into the domestic sphere, and urged to create that sheltered retreat for their husbands that Jefferson had revered. The ERA was introduced every year, failed to pass every year, and a funny thing happened: The growing common wisdom came to be that men and women actually were equal already, so the ERA wasn't necessary. Men and women had each attained full citizenship, they would just live out their citizenship in their respective separate spheres. Their separate, but equal spheres. Each would respect and value what the other did while performing their own expected roles.
This gender division held at all economic levels, within all racial groups. In families where the woman was unable financially to stay home with her children, the only jobs she could get in the outside world were restricted by gender: domestic worker, teacher, nurse, flight attendant, waitress. Women continued to have little financial control over their lives, especially if they were married.
In 1960, this thinking hit a bit of a peak. A couple that looked like they could have starred in a TV sitcom became President and First Lady. Jackie Kennedy—shy, beautiful, a bit of a homebody—resisted public life, only relenting in her reticence to give her legendary television tour of the White House, revealing publically the nation's domestic sphere.
Jackie's husband, meanwhile, decreased the total number of women in cabinet from what his predecessors had appointed. Furious, several female reporters, along with former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, pressured President Kennedy to increase the number of women in his administration. He relented. Roosevelt also insisted he put together a commission on the status of women. Being a good pro-labor Democrat, she hoped this commission she wanted would prove that the ERA was unnecessary, that women had achieved full equality of citizenship. It began its work in 1961, with Roosevelt as its chair.
In 1963, the Congress passed the Equal Pay Act, Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and the Commission on the Status of Women released its report. Its illustrious chair had died just a few months before, and its results were not what she had hoped. Two years of research had found widespread discrimination against women. Though the Commission stopped short of officially calling for the ERA to be added to the Constitution, it acknowledged that women were not legally equal, and recommended that the Supreme Court rule to extend the 14th Amendment to include gender.
Opponents of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, in an effort to get the bill defeated, included an amendment written by women's rights advocates guaranteeing equal opportunity regardless of sex. The bill passed anyway, giving women a new legal tool to fight discrimination.
Near the very end of that same year, Kisses For My President was released. In the lighthearted comedy, female voters band together to elect a woman to the presidency. Her husband, played by Fred McMurray, has to assume the duties of First Lady. Hilarity ensues.
Five years later, Hillary Rodham, with a stirring valedictorian speech at Wellesley, and a groovy picture spread in Life magazine, leapt into the Public Sphere.
The '70s were a revolutionary time for feminism. Laws and minds were changed. Still, Shirley Chisholm—representative for New York's 12th Congressional district, the first African-American woman to ever win a Congressional seat—ran for the Democratic nomination in 1972, and she wasn't taken seriously as a contender or supported significantly by white feminists. Which is criminal, especially when you consider some of the male candidates who are to this day taken seriously. A woman running for president until recently was seen as a political stunt.
The Equal Rights Amendment came this close to getting into the Constitution, until it didn't. Its defeat marked the rise of the Moral Majority, and the beginning of a severe backlash to Feminist gains.
The '80s brought us a First Lady known for gazing at her husband in awed adoration. Martha Stewart— whom we did not yet realize was a badass whose skills would eventually lead her to crafting the best damn shivs West Virginia had ever seen—sold ubiquitous books on perfecting your personal domestic sphere. The '80s ended with a First Lady who was a tough broad known to keep her opinions to herself.
In 1992, Hillary Rodham's husband ran for president.
She was Hillary Rodham Clinton now, after an unsuccessful attempt to keep her maiden name as First Lady of Arkansas. She'd spent decades doing on-the-ground legal work for progressive causes, primarily those involving women and children. Asked on camera about working outside the home, she replied: "I suppose I could have stayed home and baked cookies!"
If this was a movie preview, now is when you would hear the record scratch.
Oh, the hell that broke loose. Hillary Rodham Clinton was already suspected of being a radical Communist shrew, and now she was insulting women who baked cookies. There was damage control, she participated in a cookie bake-off, and—spoiler alert!—her husband eventually won the presidency. Her cookie recipe was even posted on the White House website. In the end, though, there were people who never forgave her, and some of them would devote themselves to hounding her mercilessly.
It didn't help that her husband wanted Hillary to have an official role in the political life of the Oval Office, as befitted her experience. He half-joked that they would be co-presidents, and put her in charge of his signature policy issue: health-care reform. Many First Ladies had been deeply involved in White House goings on—one even secretly ran the U.S. government for several weeks while her husband recovered from a stroke—but there was something that unsettled people about this being so open. John F. Kennedy had made his brother Attorney General, but First Ladies were supposed to at least pretend to focus primarily on china patterns.
After hours upon hours, years upon years, of investigation—costing millions of taxpayer dollars—the Clinton hunters finally turned up something untoward: the president had engaged in a brief affair. Hillary was publicly humiliated. The nation watched her suffer.
Suddenly, the public opinion changed: Hillary's intelligence, her experience, her hard work never endeared her to the American public. But humiliation did.
You know her story from there. She ran for a New York Senate seat and won. She ran for president in 2008—read Rebecca Traister's book Big Girls Don't Cry for more details—and lost. She served as secretary of State for four years, and reorganized U.S. foreign policy so it focused on women's lives and needs, too.
Thomas Jefferson served as the first secretary of State, and for this country's first few decades, holding the position was considered the last step in one's preparation to be president. Of course the Secretary of State often faces terrible choices—scenarios in which "no one dies" isn't an option. Precisely the kind of public sphere filthiness from which Jefferson sought to shield women. He knew that if women entered the public sphere, they couldn't opt to only engage with the nice stuff.
Women engage in war planning and violent engagements. They now serve (openly) as soldiers. They are police officers, and doctors, and heads of state. They make the hard choices that only men used to get the opportunity to make. We lose the option to be innocent and unsullied if we choose to engage in the world. That is the trade-off.
If Hillary Rodham Clinton becomes president, it won't be a secret. It won't be because an elected president died. She'll become president because she ran to become president, and won. She'll walk into the Oval Office through the front door. Not even Thomas Jefferson will be able to stop her.
There's a classic song from the height of the Second Wave feminist days: "I Am Woman." It is often mocked, but it is truly moving—I highly recommend the bizarre but oddly stirring Ding-a-Ling Sisters version—and expresses something very real:
You can bend but never break me
'Cause it only serves to make me
More determined to achieve my final goal
And I come back even stronger
Not a novice any longer
'Cause you've deepened the conviction in my soul.
That's Hillary, right? If I may be maudlin for a moment, it's American women, in numbers too big to ignore, with 240 years of work behind us.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all human beings are created equal. We are securing the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. We are writing ourselves into the sequel.
Look around, look around. The revolution's happening.
#Election2016 Democratic party DNC ERA Feminism harriet tubman Hillary Clinton presidential election
Jen Deaderick founded the Equal Rights Amendment page on Facebook in 2008. Her illustrated history of women's history in the U.S., She the People, will be published by Seal Press in the spring of 2019.
More by Jen Deaderick
The Feminist Roar Heard 'Round the World
The Real Purpose of Secret Hillary Facebook Groups
Can the ERA Pass in Our Lifetime?
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Category Archives: 1970s
Way back when when, Wednesdays
Posted on August 22, 2018 by adrienne12
Giving the people what they want
There would have been mayhem when a hoard of local shoppers attended the opening of the new Peoplestores retail outlet in the St. Agnes Shopping Centre in 1971. The North East Leader celebrated the event with several pages of photographs, articles and advertisements for the discount department store, in the edition dated 17 November 1971. Just in time for Christmas shopping.
Image: North East Leader, page 5, 17 November 1971
Peoplestores St. Agnes was the eighth store in the retail chain to open in South Australia. In 1971, Peoplestores also traded in Gouger Street in Adelaide City, Modbury (at Clovercrest shopping centre), Para Hills, Rosewater, Elizabeth, Findon and Reynella. There were also six stores in country South Australia.
Advertisement for Peoplestores women's apparel. Image: North East Leader, page 9, 17 November 1971
Image: North East Leader, page 10, 17 November 1971
Library staff who shopped at Peoplestores remember the department stores as being fairly basic, it was better than Kmart but not an upmarket shopping experience. It really was a shop 'for the people'. Peoplestores was fitted out with large bins, through which you would rummage to find your size or chosen colour. This was possibly an attraction, as shoppers love a treasure hunt to find a bargain.
Peoplestores interior at St. Agnes with entry through the Mall. Image: North East Leader, page 5, 17 November 1971
One staff member recalls that Peoplestores always had lovely window displays. Another remembers shopping with her mother at Peoplestores, as they stocked a quality product. It reminded her of a country store with racks of garments on display, grouped around the shop floor. Peoplestores was especially good for buying wool for crochet, dress materials and habedashery such as buttons. They also bought little girl's Red Robin socks! It sounds like Peoplestores did not move far from its origins as a drapery.
In a sales cross-promotion, Peoplestores offered the same special prices on goods to shoppers at its Modbury stores as at the new St. Agnes branch. Plus free gifts for children.
Image: North East Leader page 7, 17 November, 1971
Advertisement for menswear at Peoplestores. Image: North East Leader, page 6, 17 November 1971
Advertisement for womenswear. Image: North East Leader, page 6, 17 November 1971
Advertisement for homewares, manchester and dress materials at Peoplestores. Image: North East Leader, page 11, 17 November 1971
Peoplestores drapery was founded by W.H. Williams in 1905. The cloth merchant was built in 1905 on the corner of Gouger and California Street South near the Adelaide Central Market. Peoplestores expanded several times on the same site in Gouger Street.
Peoplestores Gouger Street in 1938. Image: State Library of South Australia, https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+7416
In the past, people used to travel to the city centre to make special purchases as Adelaide did not yet have suburban shopping malls. Peoplestores on Gouger Street was also close to Moores, Adelaide's iconic department store on Victoria Square. The former Moore's building now houses the law courts and has been renamed the Sir Samuel Way Building.
In this photograph taken around 1939 the façade of the store has had a smart renovation in the Art Deco style, which was popular in the 1920s and 1930s. The renovations included large plate glass windows and a wide cantilevered verandah (https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au).
Peoplestores Gouger Street, circa 1939. Image: https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+8175
Peoplestores Gouger Street in 1979. The cars parked outside the building have certainly changed over the years! Image: https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+37471
Entrance on Grote Street Adelaide to the Gouger Street Peoplestores in 1954. The Adelaide Central Market is to the right of the photograph. Image: https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+12989
The large store in Gouger Street was eventually redeveloped as part of the Adelaide Central Market. This building has now been demolished and is currently the site of several food outlets, including Krispy Kreme donuts.
During the 1980s Peoplestores ceased trading in South Australia, closing its last remaining stores.
#waybackwhenwednesdays
Posted in 1970s, adelaide, community history, Messenger, Modbury, North East Leader, shopping, South Australia, St Agnes, Uncategorized, Way back when Wednesdays	| Tagged Adelaide Central Market, Community History, Gouger Street, Grote Street, local history, men's fashion, Peoplestores, retail, shopping, St Agnes, St. Agnes shopping centre, Way back when Wednesdays, waybackwhenwednesdays, women's fashion
Posted on July 18, 2018 by adrienne12
South Australia's local royalty
Would you like to be crowned Miss Home Laundry? Is this ultimate glorification of the mid-century domestic goddess or is it a sad reflection on the role of housewives in this era? It's neither! On the cover of the edition dated 14 July 1971 The North-East Leader, a Messenger Newspaper recognised pretty Elizabeth Chapman's impressive fundraising efforts. Representing Radio Rentals store at Tea Tree Plaza, her work assisted charities in South Australia, through a partnership between the appliance retailer and Telethon SA.
It appears that the title of Charity Queen, Miss Home Laundry was related to a sales promotion (probably for white goods), given the nature of Radio Rentals' business.
Telethon SA is a non-profit organisation that endorses and supports ethical fundraising and it has been a leading sponsor of South Australian charities since 1960. Through support provided by South Australian businesses, Telethon assists charities with advertising and promotion and offers them opportunities to participate in various fully managed fundraising projects and events (https://www.telethon.com.au).
During the 1960s and 1970s Telethon SA was renowned for holding fundraising appeals which were televised from the studios of NWS Channel Nine (hence the name Telethon). These annual appeal shows lasted several hours and they featured celebrities and television personalities. These entertainers performed for free and they asked viewers to donate money, by telephoning a number which appeared on the screen. The Telethon Appeal also showed people how their donations had helped others in the community.
1975 Telethon SA Appeal with Helen Woods, Humphrey Bear and Dean Davis. Photo: http://www.adelaidenow.com.au
Telethon SA ran the high profile beauty pageant, the Miss Telethon Quest. In the newspaper photo above, Miss Sue Dolman, who was named Miss Telethon in 1971, has presented Elizabeth Chapman with her winner's sash. The Miss Telethon Quest was not just about looks. The young women who entered would compete to raise funds. The entrant who raised the most money would be crowned as a charity queen; she did not have to win the overall competition. The winner of Miss Telethon would be expected to be a dedicated and hardworking ambassador for her organisation. Winning Miss Telethon could lead to other opportunities, such as in the entertainment industry or in public relations. Telethon also conducted charity auctions and the House of Hope competition.
Nowadays you probably would have heard of Telethon SA in relation to the annual Home & Land Lottery. Telethon SA describe the Lottery as the cornerstone of its fundraising activities as it has raised more than $28 million for SA charities since its inception in 1977 (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-30/telethon-sa-rescued-after-closure-fears/8401562).
Humphrey Bear and the builders at the 1984 Fairmont Pacific Telethon house in Redward Park. Photo: http://www.adelaidenow.com.au
In February 2017 Telethon SA announced that it may have to close as it could no longer afford to hold the Home & Land Lottery in the current economic climate. The Lottery relied on the donation of a new house and land package by the residential building industry. The State Government land agency Renewal SA had withdrawn its offer of vacant land. So Telethon SA would have been forced to pay for an allotment.
Fortunately for the charities of South Australia, Renewal SA reversed its decision and made the commitment to donate a block of land for the Home & Land Lottery for a period of three years. Rivergum Homes also pledged its support of a house on the land for each of those three years, in conjunction with its South Australian residential building partners. The board of Telethon SA accepted the offers of free houses and land. The Telethon SA Rivergum Home and Land Lottery 2017 raised $1,027,290. Telethon SA continues its good work for our state.
(http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-30/telethon-sa-rescued-after-closure-fears/8401562)
(https://www.news.com.au/national/south-australia/telethon-sa-saved-from-closure-after-surge-of-public-support/news-story/9c56f055175e1f0b4c869cc3ab8c5e3a)
Advertisement for the The Telethon SA Rivergum Home and Land Lottery in 2017 Photo: www.grow.org.au
Posted in 1970s, adelaide, community history, cultural icons, Leader Messenger, local history, local television, Messenger, North East Leader, Tea Tree Plaza, Way back when Wednesdays	| Tagged Elizabeth Chapman, Humphrey Bear, Messenger, Miss Home Laundry, Miss Telethon, North East Leader, Radio Rentals, Sue Dolman, Tea Tree Plaza, Telethon SA, Way back when Wednesdays, waybackwhenwednesdays
Posted on June 13, 2018 by adrienne12
Suit up Seventies style
At first glance you might think that the clever lady in the photograph has recycled some bathmats and sewn herself a tailored outfit. This is certainly not the case. In the edition dated 14 July 1971, the North East Leader tells us that Mrs June Cooper is in fact, modelling a stylish suit made from jumbo cord. This photograph on page 19 was taken to promote the Witchery Boutique at Tea Tree Plaza. According to the North East Leader, it was a modish outfit that women would have wanted to wear in the early 1970s.
Corduroy fabric has been used in the manufacture of workwear since the 18th century in Britain and Europe. During the 20th century, factories in many other countries started produced clothing made from corduroy, often for the working classes. In the 1970s garments made from corduroy became incredibly popular. They were easy to launder, soft and warm in winter and affordable. Corduroy garments could also be dressed up or down. Both men and women could wear a corduroy suit to the office or wear the jacket or pants separately on weekends.
Corduroy jeans, jackets and skirts are still worn today. In the cooler weather, corduroy always seems to be a popular choice for jeans.
Corduroy on the catwalk in 2017. Image: http://corduroy.in/corduroy-news/
If you are not familiar with corduroy, it is a durable cotton or cotton blend cloth, which is basically a ridged form of velvet. Corduroy comes in a multitude of colours and it can be plain or printed. Multiple cords are woven into the base fabric to form ridges or wales, which lie parallel to each other in clear lines. Sometimes you can see channels where the bare fabric between the cords is visible. Corduroy fabric with a standard or wide wale (jumbo cord) is used to upholster furniture, such as sofas, or it is made into trousers. Fabric with medium (midwale) narrow, and fine wale (such as pinwale or pincord) is used in the manufacture in garments worn above the waist. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corduroy (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/Modern-World-Part-II-1961-1979/Corduroy.html).
Different wales of corduroy. Image: http://market-research-explore-report.blogspot.com/2018/02/world-corduroy-fabric-market-2018.html
The 1970s was revolutionary for women as it was the first time in history in which it was acceptable for women to wear what they wanted. Asian women had worn pants under tunics for many years. Now western women seemed to prefer wearing pants to dresses and skirts (https://www.retrowaste.com/1970s/fashion-in-the-1970s/1970s-fashion-for-women-girls/). Women wore pantsuits to the city, and some could wear them to the office. A trendy or elegant pantsuit was just the thing to wear out to dinner. As the 1970s progressed, pants for both men and women became low rise and firmer on the hips. Legs widened out and were sometimes cuffed. Eventually, flares came into fashion (http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1971fashions.html).
This issue of the North East Leader also featured an extensive sales promotion for the St. Agnes shopping centre. Take a look at this advertisement for Witchery which was printed on page 11 and the funky bohemian image that this brand was trying to sell. In the 1960s and 1970s Witchery opened retail outlets at many suburban locations such as at the St. Agnes and Ingle Farm shopping centres.
Posted in 1970s, adelaide, community history, cultural icons, fashion, Leader Messenger, Messenger, Modbury, North East Leader, St Agnes, Uncategorized, Way back when Wednesdays	| Tagged 1970s, 1971, corduroy, Modbury, North East Leader, St Agnes, Tea Tree Plaza, Way back when Wednesdays, waybackwhenwednesdays, winter fashion, Witchery
Funky fashion arrives in the North East
The days are getting shorter and the Autumn/Winter fashions are now in the stores. Let's have a look at what people were wearing in 1971. The North East Leader, a Messenger Newspaper covered the coolest threads on offer for men, women and boys, from pages 36 – 37 of the edition dated 14 July 1971.
Yes, these photographs are real. Perhaps these brands of menswear should have been labelled with a hazard warning "Wearing this garment may compel doe-eyed women to hang themselves precariously off your person at any given opportunity."
These articles focused on how it was essential for a man to be stylish if he wanted to be admired and attract a lady companion. The photographs are over the top by modern standards but we all know that the advertising industry still uses sex appeal and prestige to sell products! John Brown's smart knitted suits for casual and weekend wear were styled following overseas trends. Note the focus on Australian manufacture, no doubt using fine Australian wool. Maybe these women are not really gazing adoringly up at the male models – they are really just feeling the texture of these garments. For as the article states, women might be coveting the clothing for themselves!
A married man would make his wife's life at home a lot easier if he chose to wear modern, easy care drip dry fabrics. Synthetic fabrics had been popular during the 1960s. These colourful and distinctive knit shirts in the 'Summerknits' range by John Brown were made from high tech fabrics such as Tricel and Teteron.
Conversely, the ladies modelling a new range of women's clothing don't need men as accessories in these photoshoots. Wearing funky hotpants, this girl is confident, in style and ready to have fun.
During the 1970s fashions changed greatly from the beginning of the decade to its end. In 1971 the fashions were very much like those of 1969. Garments made from polyester were popular as they were inexpensive and did not need ironing. Bright colours and bold prints were still in demand. Checks and tweeds were in vogue too.
Distinctive fashions by young Prue Acton, the first Australian designer to break into the American market. Prue embraced both new synthetic and natural fibres, to create her bold and colourful designs (https://collections.museumvictoria.com.au/articles/2377).
Young women still liked mini-skirts but long, flowing skirts were also worn. Fashion continued to be influenced by the hippie era and ethnic influence of the late 1960s. Women wore long bohemian print dresses with billowing sleeves. Men's loose shirts in floral patterns had ties around the neck or an open neckline. Not forgetting the leather sandals and scarves tied around your head. And hippie men wore beards and long hair.
Turtleneck jumpers were popular with both sexes and every woman owned at least one cowl neck jumper, to wear with pants or under a pinafore dress. Ladies still liked trendy short hair styles. But long hair might be worn down loose, plaited or dressed in a soft, bohemian up-style for a natural look. Or you could set it in waves.
Another trend emerged – the 1970s was the first decade where women wore pants and pantsuits for work and leisure. Women could wear jeans at home and elegant or trendy pants to a nightclub or restaurant. Some dress codes allowed women to wear business suits with pants to the office. By the end of the decade, women could basically wear what they wanted, which was revolutionary (https://www.retrowaste.com/1970s/fashion-in-the-1970s/1970s-fashion-for-women-girls/). Trousers for both men and women were low rise, firm on the hips and with a wider leg which was sometimes cuffed. Corduroy clothing or men and women such as jeans, and sports coats with wide lapels, were seen everywhere (http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1971fashions.html).
Knitwear and shirts by John Brown for little men, made from machine washable wool.
Posted in 1960s, 1970s, adelaide, autumn, community history, culture, fashion, Leader Messenger, local history, Messenger, North East Leader, shopping, Way back when Wednesdays, Women, youth	| Tagged 1970s, 1971, advertising, autumn, clothing, fashion, John Brown, Leader, men, North East Leader, Prue Acton, sexism, Way back when Wednesdays, waybackwhenwednesdays, Winter, Women, youth
A leisurely Sunday at your library
Bestselling author Amy Tan has been quoted as saying that "Libraries are the pride of the City." http://www.azquotes.com/author/14434-Amy_Tan There is also a proverb that says that a Sunday well spent brings a week of content. Sundays can be a chance to relax, read, put on some music, spend time with family and just enjoy yourself. Which is why many people visit their local library. On 7 February 1979, the North East Leader, a Messenger Newspaper, printed an article that focused on the success of opening the City of Tea Tree Gully Library on Sunday. We also learn from the article about the popularity of the library at North East Road and how much it had to offer patrons. The Messenger story provides modern readers with a snapshot of this era and we can see how some things have changed.
In 1979 the Library was situated at 1020 North East Road, which is now the site of the Tea Tree Plus shopping centre. The Library was housed in a modern building, which opened in 1975, adjacent to, and constructed in the same mid-century modern architectural style as the Tea Tree Gully Civic Centre. The Council building had opened in 1967.
The Library at 1020 North East Road Modbury. Image: Community History Photograph Collection, Tea Tree Gully Library. PH03979
Most public libraries in South Australia did not open on Sundays until the late 1980s/early 1990s. In the Messenger article the Chief Council Librarian Felicity Langeveldt stated that opening Sundays had been successful because it was a convenient days for residents to use the Library service but also that many of them took advantage of using the listening posts.
In an era where listening to your favourite songs was not simply a matter of downloading music from iTunes or Google Play, the residents of the City of Tea Tree Gully congregated at the Library to put on headphones and sit around a listening station. It would be interesting to find out if you played vinyl records or audio cassettes. Now we can borrow CDs to play at home or in the car. Or you can login to a computer at the Library to play CDs or listen to UTube.
Opening of the Library on North East Road, Modbury in 1975,
photograph PH01012.
Sundays continue to be a popular time to visit the Library. In 2017 there was an average of 521 people coming through the door each Sunday (door counts varied from 395 to 625). Our members still love reading and using the City of Tea Tree Gully Library service. The Library remains a community hub and our collections have grown considerably in size and type since 1979! We have approximately 64,000 books for adults, 25000 for children and adolescents, 4,500 magazines and 17,000 audio visual materials (this includes DVDs, CDs and audiobooks). You can now also access audio and ebooks and take advantage of approximately 4 million items through the SA Public Libraries One Card Network.
In 2017 the Library lent out an average of 73,210 items per month. In December loans totalled 53,273, December being our quietest month and the Civic Centre was closed over the Christmas holiday period. Today, most people search for information online as well as going to a public library. Or they can stream web based entertainment.
Thirty-nine years have elapsed since the date of the Messenger article. So if you think about it, the Tea Tree Gully Library must have been a very busy place, lending out 46,624 items way back in December 1979!
Posted in 1970s, adelaide, City of Tea Tree Gully, community history, cultural icons, Leader Messenger, libraries, Messenger, Modbury, reading, tea tree gully library, Uncategorized, Way back when Wednesdays, weekend	| Tagged 1970s, 1979, Leader Messenger, libaries, Messenger, mid century modern architecture, Modbury, North East Leader, North East Road, public libraries, Tea Tree Gully Library
Posted on March 7, 2018 by adrienne12
Out there on my own
International Women's Day 8 March 2018
It's the early 1970s. Imagine being thrown out onto the street by your family because you became pregnant – they no longer wanted you. You only had the clothes you were wearing and some loose change in your pocket. You were homeless and you had no way to support yourself. There was no Parenting Benefit in existence at this time.
In the edition dated 25 August 1971, the North East Leader, a Messenger Newspaper told one woman's story, which highlighted the plight of young unmarried mothers. In a special report, made up of two articles on pages 1 and 3 the Leader sought to raise awareness of the financial issues, condemnation and social isolation single mothers experienced. A new South Australian organisation called 'The Council for The Single Mother and Her Child' could offer these girls help.
We have all heard the horror stories of young unmarried women being coerced or forced into giving up their babies for adoption during the 1960s. Children were also put in state run institutions such as orphanages. The Commonwealth Department of Social Services was created in 1939 and became fully operative in 1941. However, the Government did not introduce a supporting mother's benefit for single mother's pension until 1973. From 1942 in Australia, a single mother could only receive a small pension if she had been married and was widowed, deserted by her husband or divorced. You were also entitled to a benefit if you husband was in prison or a committed to a mental hospital, Seeing the lighter side, A history of the single parent pension in Australia.
"In 1973 supporting mother's benefit was introduced for single mothers not entitled to widow's pension. The new benefit was payable after a six-month waiting period, during which time the States remained responsible for the single mother's income support under the Commonwealth-State cost-sharing arrangements introduced in 1968. The supporting mother's benefit was extended in 1977 to single fathers, including widowers and divorcees, and renamed supporting parent's benefit. The six-month waiting period for this benefit was abolished in 1980 when the States withdrew from the Commonwealth-State cost-sharing arrangements." Australian Bureau of Statistics
Unfortunately the Australian Bureau of Statistics does not hold data on the number of babies born in South Australia in 1971 but"1500 illegitimate births" does seem quite high for the population of South Australia. So you might think that having a baby 'out of wedlock' was not uncommon. However, Society viewed an unmarried pregnant women as having loose morals.
A woman seemed to experience most of the shame, rather than the father of the child. It could also be difficult for the mother of an illegitimate child to find a man to marry her and adopt her child as their own. Living together in a de-facto relationship was socially unacceptable. Unless your family were willing to support you financially and emotionally, a single pregnant woman faced some tough choices.
Sometimes a girl's parents would insist on a young couple getting married as quickly as possible before her pregnancy started to show – what is known as a 'shotgun wedding'. This was an attempt to not only hide the unplanned pregnancy or at least regain some of the respect that their daughter had lost by getting pregnant. The girl's boyfriend was basically threatened by her father and told to take responsibility for the baby! Adoption was a common choice. The girl was supposed to move on with her life, when in fact she would always be dealing with the loss of her child. It should be acknowleged that some fathers also reluctantly lost their children to adoption.
Legal abortions were not readily available. Never an easy decision for the mother, abortion was legalised in South Australia in 1969. Abortion was only legal if performed in a hospital and it was deemed by two medical practitioners that continuing a pregnancy was detrimental to the physical and mental health of the mother or if there was a substantial risk that the child would be seriously physically or mentally handicapped if it was born, Abortion Law in Australia Frightened women also sought out illegal abortions, putting themselves at risk of infection and death.
Some brave young women did decide to keep their babies. At least 'The Council for The Single Mother and Her Child' was in existence in South Australia to help supply them with baby clothing, and support with finding accommodation and employment. A single mother would have received a child endowment payment as the Commonwealth Government's Child Endowment Act of 1941 had introduced the payment of weekly sums to mothers of children under the age of 16. But it would have been very almost impossible for a single woman to find somewhere to live with a baby and no other income. Day care centres and government subsidised childcare are a modern invention. A woman would have had to leave her child with relatives and friends or pay somebody she knew to look after them while she was at work.
Note also the small article printed on page 3 about the organisation 'Birthright' which was trying to establish a branch in Tea Tree Gully to assist widows and their children. Living on a widow's pension was not easy either.
Most sole parent families still live on low incomes and those on Centrelink payments face a high risk of poverty. "Unemployment among sole parents is generally about twice the rate across the whole workforce. The reasons for this include their responsibility for caring for a child alone, together with low educational qualifications and the need to live in areas where rents are low but jobs are scarce (such as public housing estates). Many of those who do have a job are vulnerable to unemployment because they work in casual and part time jobs." Fact sheet: sole parent payments
Posted in 1970s, adelaide, Australia, community history, history, Leader Messenger, local history, Messenger, North East Leader, South Australia, Way back when Wednesdays, Women	| Tagged 1970s, 1971, international womens day, Leader Messenger, Messenger, mothers, North East Leader, single parents, unmarried mothers, unplanned pregancy, Way back when Wednesdays, waybackwhenwednesdays, Women
Posted on February 28, 2018 by adrienne12
Girl with a guitar
Some of our readers may remember watching Franci Chamings on the Adelaide show for children called Young 7. Young 7 screened at 9am on ADS Channel 7 in the mornings during the 1970s.
In the edition dated 17 November 1971, the North East Leader, a Messenger Newspaper reported on a local girl from Dernancourt who had been singing on Adelaide television. As stated in the article, Franci performed on the children's program The Super Duper Flying Fun Show and The Tonight Show hosted by radio identity and former footballer Barry Ion.
After gaining a following on a children's television show, Singer/songwriter Franci also performed live on stage such as at her Family with Franci Chamings concert in 1975.
Franci did go on to make recordings. She recorded the 45rpm single For You (B side: Why) with Pussycat Records, Australia.
Image taken from: http://www.45cat.com/record/nc168385au
In 1976 she made the vinyl LP album for young children entitled Favourite Nursery Rhymes and Actions Songs at Slater Sound in Adelaide. The album featured a collection of traditional children's rhymes. Maybe you have it in your childhood record collection! http://www.45cat.com/record/nc168385au
Image taken from: http://www.tvmem.com/OZST/tv/D/DUDLEYDO/DUDLEYDO.html
Sammy the Seagull also appeared on Young 7. He is pictured here with young Gavin Swindler and Suzanne Fox at Christies Beach. Photograph B 70869/14138. https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+70869/1413
Posted in 1970s, adelaide, arts, children's programs, community history, Dernancourt, history, Leader Messenger, music, North East Leader, South Australia, Women	| Tagged ADS Seven, children's music, Children's television, franci chamings, music, Way back when Wednesdays, waybackwhenwednesdays
Way back when, Wednesday
Entrepreneurial Elf
Have you ever wondered what the elves do with themselves in the off-season, when they are not employed in Santa's workshop? In the 2005 picture book The Elf on the Shelf: A Christmas Tradition by Carol Aebersold, Chanda Bell and Coë Steinwart, the elves visit peoples' houses. Once adopted, they watch vigilantly to see if children have been naughty or nice, then make a report to Santa.
The Elf on the Shelf. Reserve this book through the Library's online catalogue
Perhaps a more commercially minded member of the fairy folk may have swapped the elven tunic, leggings and shoes with curled up toes for a suit and tie, then set up his own small business in Adelaide. The North East Leader, a Messenger Newspaper printed this advertisement for real estate agent Ernie D. Elf on page 25 of the edition dated 4 July 1973.
If Ernie Elf sold your house or you bought a property through him, please let us know about your experience. Ernie Elf certainly looks like his name. Notice how his chin-length, Seventies style hair could hide a pair of pointed ears!
Elf real estate no longer operates at 598 North East Road, Holden Hill, this is now the site of a Caltex service station. What happened to Ernie? Although Elf Realty is listed in Queensland, Ernie is not listed as an agent. Maybe Ernie joined another firm or eventually retired.
Thank you for reading 'Way back when, Wednesday' this year, best wishes for a Merry Christmas!
Posted in 1970s, children's books, children's literature, Christmas, community history, Holden Hill, Leader Messenger, local history, Messenger, North East Leader, Way back when Wednesdays	| Tagged 1973, books, children's literature, Christmas, Community History, elves, Ernie Elf, Holden Hill, Leader Messenger, local history, Messenger, North East Leader, North East Road, real estate, Santa, Santa's elves, Way back when Wednesdays, waybackwhenwednesdays
Celebrate the season with Pyramid Power
Never mind the Santa hat! Imagine yourself relaxing, after the noise and bustle of the festivities is over, wearing your Pyramid Meditation Hat. The North East Leader printed this advertisement for Experimental Pyramids and Pyramid Mediation Hats on page 37 of the edition dated 20 December 1978.
During the mid 1970s people became fascinated with the concept of Pyramid Power. Though not a new idea, various authors such as Sheila Ostrander and Lynn Schroeder, Max Toth and Patrick Flanagan wrote books examining the concept that pyramid shapes can focus and generate energy, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_power.
The design of the Great Cheops Pyramid of Egypt gave rise to the study of Pyramid Power. The construction of the Cheops Pyramid was ordered by the pharoah Khufu (Cheops) during the Fourth Dynasty and completed around 2560 BCE. The Cheops Pyramid is a marvel of engineering and is considered to be the most mathematically perfect structure on Earth. The pyramid is aligned north-south, exactly parallel to the earth's magnetic axis. The King's Chamber forms the centre of gravity. Fans of Pyramid Power believe that the other small chambers carved out of the solid rock are recepticles for energy to collect and resonate. In the 1930s Frenchman Antoine Bovis experimented with the idea that small models of pyramids can preserve food. He constructed a scale model of the Cheops pyramid, under which he put organic matter. His work was based on the idea that when locals collected small dead animals which had wandered into the Cheops Pyramid in Egypt, the corpses were mummified, instead of decaying, despite the hot and humid atmosphere, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_power
Advocates of Pyramid Power in the 1970s claimed that food kept under a structure designed like the Cheops pyramid kept fresher for longer. The food dehydrated instead of rotting. An intrepid manufacturer produced pyramid shaped canisters designed for better food storage. Even more astonishing was the assertion that razor blades were kept sharp as the pyramid focused the cosmic energy and realigned the crystals in the steel! You could also polish tarnished metal using the power of the pyramid, http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/PyramidPower
Sitting or lying under your pyramid was also supposed to speed up the healing of cuts and burns, lead to better sleep and even improve your sex life.
Experimental research claimed that wearing a pyramid shaped hat could help relieve a headache. The pyramid also assisted you with focusing your mind, thereby increasing your ability to learn in the long term. The hat mentioned in the advertisement is not cheap. According to the Reserve Bank Inflation Calculator) you would now need $79.53 to purchase it. Your experimental pyramid would cost $124.29! One may argue that sitting quietly and meditating is of benefit anyway, even without the hat. During the late 1970s there were even designs for pyramids shaped learning booths in which school students could relax and study, https://futurism.media/what-is-pyramid-power.
There are still people who believe in the properties of pyramids. However it should be noted that there is no scientific evidence to support the concept of Pyramid Power, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_power.
Posted in 1970s, Christmas, community history, local history, Messenger, North East Leader, Way back when Wednesdays	| Tagged 1970s, 1978, advertising, Christmas, Christmas presents, humour, Leader Messenger, Messenger, North East Leader, Pyramid Power, pyramids, Way back when Wednesdays, waybackwhenwednesdays
Posted on November 29, 2017 by adrienne12
Married at the Mall
Organising a wedding is usually expensive. It can be difficult to find a venue and you will probably need to book months ahead. Have you considered getting married at Tea Tree Plaza? One Adelaide couple did! During July 1975 the North East Leader Messenger reported on the 'Wedding of the Year' that took place at Tea Tree Plaza.
On page 25 of the edition dated 9 July, 1975 the North East Leader featured the wedding celebration of Marcella Denengelse and Robert Scott. The ceremony took place on Friday 4 July in the mall on the upper level of Tea Tree Plaza. The couple had won the Wedding of the Year competition and all of their expenses were paid for by the shopping centre. Adelaide socialite and television personality Jaye Walton was invited to attend Marcella as her matron of honour and Adelaide journalist Paul Makin acted as Robert's best man.
The Wedding of the Year competition was essentially a sales promotion, designed to advertise the wares of businesses at Tea Tree Plaza and bring people into the shopping centre. In the week before the wedding on 2 July, Tea Tree Plaza and the North East Leader focused on the local traders who would be donating products and services for Marcella and Robert's wedding.
A large number of businesses, many of which were situated at Tea Tree Plaza, sponsored the competition.
Adelaide icon Balfours used to have bakeries and tea rooms around Adelaide. Balfours at Tea Tree Plaza supplied the two tier wedding cake, which the public were invited to share after the wedding ceremony.
Orlando wines, from Rowland Flat in the Barossa Valley, provided tastings of the popular sparkling Orlando Starwine. Started by the Gramp family, Orlando Wines is now owned by an international company controlled by Pinot Ricard but it is more commonly known by its brand Jacob's Creek.
Wytt Morro Sparkling Starwine, colour print on paper: 11.4 x 10.1cm, South Australiana Collections, State Library of South Australia
Joseph's Gallery of Beauty dressed the hair of the bride and her attendants. Italian hairdresser Joseph was well known in Adelaide at the time. He owned several salons and had his own regular television segment on Channel 10.
Marcella and Robert, their attendants and the Mother of the Bride were outfitted by Katies Vogue, John Cook Suit Hire, Myer and Witchery. Who knew that Katies used to sell formal wear and wedding apparel? Katies has now closed. Zamels, which is still in business at Tea Tree Plaza, donated the wedding rings.
Drumminor restaurant held the wedding reception. The historic building which used to house the Drumminor Restaurant on Golden Grove Road, Ridgehaven is now part the Harrison's Funerals complex. Built in 1843, it was originally the home of Scottish immigrants Robert and Alison Milne. The Milne family lived at Drumminor up until 1937.
Drumminor Gardens, Harrison Funerals Ridgehaven
The couple spent their wedding night at the Town House at 164 Hindley Street. This hotel and conference centre still operates as the Adelaide Rockford. You may not think that it looks particularly glamourous but remember that in 1975 Adelaide did not yet have prestigious hotels such as the Hilton International and the Stamford Plaza.
Adelaide Rockford, present day
This competition proved so popular that Tea Tree Plaza planned to hold it again in 1976. Notice how the advertisement states that the organisers are looking for a young couple. The Equal Opportunity Act of 1984 (SA) would now make it unlawful to publish advertisements that indicate an intention to discriminate according to different criteria, including age http://www.eoc.sa.gov.au/eo-you/what-discrimination/places-discrimination/advertising .
North East Leader, page 15, 2 July, 1975
In more recent times, a British couple decided to get married at their local supermarket where they had visited the in-store café on their first date.
Posted in 1970s, adelaide, City of Tea Tree Gully, community history, Leader Messenger, local television, Messenger, Monopoly, North East Leader, shopping, Tea Tree Plaza, Way back when Wednesdays	| Tagged getting married at a shopping centre, Leader Messenger, marriage, Messenger, North East Leader, Tea Tree Plaza, Way back when Wednesdays, waybackwhenwednesdays, wedding, wedding planner

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
NASDAQ: ARCT
Arcturus Therapeutics stock rockets higher amid expansion of Ultragenyx collaboration
The companies plan to discover and develop mRNA, DNA and small interfering RNA therapeutics to target a slate of rare diseases
The partnership will pay Arcturus for major milestones reached in the development process
Arcturus Therapeutics Holdings Inc (NASDAQ:ARCT) shares surged after the messenger RNA medicine company announced Wednesday the continuation of its collaboration with Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc (NASDAQ:RARE).
The companies plan to discover and develop mRNA, DNA and small interfering RNA therapeutics to target a slate of rare diseases.
Arcturus shares jumped nearly 42% to $8.19. Shares of Ultragenyx, a large-cap pharmaceutical company, ticked up 0.6% to $62.70.
READ: Melinta stock doubles on FDA approval of a supplemental new drug application for BAXDELA to treat pneumonia
The partnership will pay Arcturus for major milestones reached in the development process. The two companies have been working together since October 2015.
The first such treatment is designed to treat Glycogen Storage Disease Type III, a hereditary disorder that impairs the body's ability to break down carbohydrates.
"The expansion of the collaboration with Ultragenyx underscores the partnership's early successes and ongoing commitment," CEO Joseph Payne said. "Our expertise in the discovery, early development and manufacturing of RNA medicines aligns well with Ultragenyx's proven clinical development and commercial experience in rare diseases."
Arcturus Therapeutics is an RNA medicines company based in San Diego, California. Itstreatment pipeline includes therapies for Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency, Cystic Fibrosis, Glycogen Storage Disease Type 3, Hepatitis B, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Contact Andrew Kessel at [email protected]
Follow him on Twitter @andrew_kessel
Andrew Kessel
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What is social first publishing?
Social first has allowed sites like UNILAD to amass a huge audience with very little capital injection, but what is social first publishing and how is it changing the nature of content and advertising?
Integumen's digital revolution
Here we take a closer look at Integumen PLC (LON:SKIN), which has developed and digitised an artificial skin
eWellness Healthcare sparks digital revolution in physical therapy
The Californian company is a bet on an industry that is in need of transformation
Arcturus Therapeutics
Arcturus Therapeutics is developing a portfolio of nucleic acid therapeutics for treatment of diseases with high unmet medical needs. Our hope and vision is to build transformative, life-changing medicines for patients and their families.
Our team has extensive experience in the discovery and development of RNA medicines, as well as design and utilization of lipid-mediated drug delivery systems. This combination of in-house expertise, innovative spirit, and passion for what we do, uniquely positions us to catalyze the next generation of nucleic medicines.
Market: NASDAQ
EPIC: ARCT
Market Cap: $120.17 M
Latest Price: $9.160 (2.461 % )
52-week H/L: $10.25 / $4.11
Sector: Health Care, Equipment & Services


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Mar 2012 - Apr 2013
Community (x)
Koen Broekema's Photographs (x)
Koen Broekema's Photograph 217
An abandoned cafe located in the Pavilion building on Cashel Street. Magazines and newspapers are laid out on the counter and the reflection of Les Mills Gym can be seen in the window.
Koen Broekema
3:39am 11th March 2013
A member of the public holds a juggling torch as the busker climbs onto his unicycle. The performance was in the Re:Start mall.
A crowd watch a busker perform in the Re:Start mall. Members of the public holds the buskers juggling torch and unicycle.
A view down Cashel Street looking east. The Westpac building and Holiday Inn building are in the background.
Crowds at the Re:Start mall.
The gutted Canterbury Pacific Trust building on Worcester Street, viewed from behind security fencing. Desks and other debris can be seen at the entrance.
A view down Manchester Street of damaged buildings and vacant lots. The facade of the Excelsior Sports Bar building is supported by a stack of shipping containers.
Spotlights seen through the steel bracing of Christ Church Cathedral.
Flowers outside Ballantynes at Re:Start mall.
A view from Cambridge Terrace of the damaged Our City O-Tautahi building, formerly the Municipal Chambers. Scaffolding has been placed along the side of the building.
Damage to the front of Christ Church Cathedral. The photograph was taken from a walkway that was opened up from Gloucester Street to the Square to allow the public a closer look.
A crowd watch a busker juggling on a unicycle. The performance was in the Re:Start mall
The corner of Gloucester Street and Cambridge Terrace. Security fences and road cones surround the Santorini Greek Ouzeri restaurant and bar.
Christ Church Cathedral's damaged tower.
The cordoned-off Design and Arts College building on Worcester Street. The windows have been boarded up.
A crowd watch a busker juggling on a unicycle. The performance was in the Re:Start mall.
A soft drink cup and napkins lie on the floor of an abandoned McDonalds.
Demolished buildings on Cashel Street, surrounded by a cordon fence.
A crane and a digger demolish the Gallery Apartments building on Gloucester Street. A sign that reads, 'Road closed' has been placed in front of the security fencing.
Tape woven into the mesh of the cordon fence on Madras Street spells out 'Hapori'.


A round robin bet gets it's name from the round robin style of tournament. A "Round Robin" is an old fashioned term used to describe a sports event in which every team plays every other team. Most football (soccer) leagues around the world are organised in a "double round robin" format, as each team plays every other team twice. Once at home, and once away.
The term is thought to derive from the French phrase "rond ruban" – a petition written in a circle on a piece of ribbon. The circle meant that it wasn't possible to work out who signed the petition first, or last. In the UK, this became "Round Robin", meaning something in which no one was given an advantage, or disadvantage.
In betting terms, a round robin is a bet consisting of ten bets on three events: three up and down single stakes about pairs, three doubles and one accumulator.
Which Betting Company Offers Round Robin Bet?
What is a single stakes about bet?
Is Round Robin Bet Right For Me?
All major bookmakers will accept Round Robin bets. If you go into a high street bookmakers, such as William Hill, you will find special betting slips that are easy to fill in and are especially designed for round robin bets.
Unfortunately online bookmakers do not offer this service and tend to offer only trixie and patent bets as a multiple option. You can read all about the trixie bet and Patent bet at the bottom of this page.
Say if you were to place three separate ten pound bets on each horse, and they all won, then you win (10 x 4/1 = £50; 10 x 5/2 = £35; 10 x 10/3 = £43) £128 for a £30 stake.
With the three separate bets you obtained odds of (128/30) 21/5, or 4.25/1. With the round robin those odds increased to (1655/100) or 16.55/1.
A single stakes about is a bet that incorporates two single bets from two different events and uses winnings from the first bet (if any) to double the stake of the second bet and vice versa. So for our single bets about stake on the King of Clubs and Mulberry Hill, the £10 win on King of clubs would have paid back £50.
£40 would be retained as winnings and an extra £10 would then be placed on Mulberry Hill, meaning a £20 stake in total. When Mulberry Hill won that would have returned £70 .
– If all of your selections win, you win much more than than if you had just bet on each selection separately.
– if one or two of your selections lose, the whole bet does not collapse, and you will still receive some money back.
The returns can be significantly less if one selection does let you down, but this very much depends on the odds on each of your selections.
The only negative aspect of the round robin bet is that your initial wager increases as well, by 3 1/3 times. However, if you are successful at picking winners, then betting on them in a round robin will see you win more cash than betting on them separately, so that extra outlay is often worthwhile.
The round robin bet is an excellent little bet, especially when applied to horse racing. If you can find three horses with good odds in handicap races at meetings where the going is good or better, then it is likely to pay you more if you combine your selections into a round robin, rather than three separate selections.
As well as the round robin bet selection, you can also bundle up your three selections in to a trixie or patent. You can read how these types of bets are made up from the buttons below.


Introducing Rebel EM 235ic - the next level Rebel welding machine for MIG welding performance in a portable package. When it comes to getting around and getting work done, Rebel EM 235ic is second to none. It is the most mobile welder in its class and has the power and performance to crush even the most demanding jobs.
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sMIG Technology - innovative "smart-MIG" feature that dynamically monitors the arc characteristics ultimately adapting to your technique resulting in a smooth, stable arc. Set wire diameter and plate thickness and you are ready to weld.
Includes power supply, Tweco SprayMaster 250 MIG gun, Victor argon flowmeter regulator, 12.5 ft. (3.8 m) hose, return clamp with leads, drive rolls and contact tips, .035 in. (0.9 mm) wire, power adapter, and operator's manual.
Rebel EM 235ic with Cart package also includes single cylinder cart.


text:
US20110288525A1 - Ocular surgical procedure - Google Patents
Ocular surgical procedure Download PDF
plug member
Paul Hallen
Alcon Research Ltd
2011-05-19 Application filed by Alcon Research Ltd filed Critical Alcon Research Ltd
2011-05-19 Assigned to ALCON RESEARCH, LTD. reassignment ALCON RESEARCH, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HALLEN, PAUL, MURRAY, TIMOTHY
A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
A61F9/0008—Introducing ophthalmic products into the ocular cavity or retaining products therein
A61F9/0017—Introducing ophthalmic products into the ocular cavity or retaining products therein implantable in, or in contact with, the eye, e.g. ocular inserts
A61F9/00736—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments
A61F9/00781—Apparatus for modifying intraocular pressure, e.g. for glaucoma treatment
Aspects of forming a wound-conforming pressure seal in the eye, such as upon completion of an ocular surgical procedure, are described herein. Forming the seal includes introducing a plug member into an opening formed in the eye to block vitreous from exiting from the eye through the opening. Consequently, the seal is operable to substantially reduce or eliminate hypotony (i.e., lowering of intraocular pressure below safe levels) and/or endophthalmitis (i.e., infections to the eye).
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/346,672, filed May 20, 2010, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The present disclosure relates to various aspects of gaining access to an interior of the eye. Particularly, the present disclosure describes features associated with gaining entry into an interior of the eye and closing the eye once access to the eye's interior is no longer required and/or desired.
In many surgical procedures involving the eye, an opening may be formed in the sclera of the eye to permit access to an interior of the eye. For example, in some instances, the opening may be formed in the sclera of the eye to permit access to an interior volume of the posterior segment of the eye. The opening may be utilized, for example, to pass materials and/or instruments into and/or out of the eye, such as to perform a medical procedure therein, or otherwise gain access to interior structures of the eye.
The present disclosure relates to surgical procedures related to the eye. According to one aspect, the disclosure describes a method for sealing an opening formed in the eye, the opening having a cannula disposed therein. A plug member may be inserted into a passageway formed in the cannula disposed in the opening of the eye, and at least a portion of the plug member may be positioned at a location within the passageway adjacent to where the eye engages the cannula at the opening. Additionally, the cannula may be retracted from the opening such that at least a portion of the plug member resides in the opening to form a seal.
Another aspect encompasses a method of forming a wound-conforming seal during one of a 20 gauge, 23 gauge, 25 gauge, or 27 gauge ocular surgical procedure. The method may include coupling a collagen plug to a distal end of a surgical instrument. The distal end may be introduced into an interior passageway of a cannula extending through an opening in the sclera of an eye, and the collagen plug may be positioned within the interior passageway via the surgical instrument such that at least a portion of the collagen plug is within the opening. The cannula may be removed from the opening formed in the sclera such that at least a portion of the collagen plug resides within the opening formed in the sclera to seal the opening. The collagen plug may be released from the surgical instrument.
A further aspect relates to an ocular surgical procedure. The ocular surgical procedure may include forming an opening in the sclera of the eye with a trocar. A cannula may be inserted into the opening formed in the eye. The cannula may include an interior passageway providing communication between an interior of the eye and an exterior of the eye. A collagen plug may be coupled to a surgical instrument, and the collagen plug may be inserted into the interior passageway with the surgical instrument. The collagen plug may be positioned within the interior passageway to a position such that at least a portion of the collagen plug is disposed within the opening formed in the sclera, and the cannula may be removed from the opening while the position of the collagen plug relative to the opening formed in the sclera may be substantially maintained such that at least a portion of the collagen plug resides within the opening formed in the sclera when the cannula is removed.
The various aspects may include one or more of the following features. The plug member may elute medication to treat a condition of the eye. The eluted medication may include an anti-inflammatory medication. The eluted medication may include anti-VEGF medication. The eluted medication may be an anti-infective medication. Inserting a plug member into a passageway formed in a cannula disposed in an opening formed in the eye may include coupling the plug member to a first end of an instrument and introducing the first end of the instrument coupled to the plug member into the passageway. Also, positioning at least a portion of the plug member at a location within the passageway to where the eye engages the cannula at the opening may include extending the instrument through the passageway along a longitudinal axis thereof until at least a portion of the plug member is located within the passageway at a location where the opening annularly surrounds the cannula. Retracting the cannula from the opening such that at least a portion of the plug member resides in the opening to form a seal may include releasing the plug member from the instrument and withdrawing the instrument. Also, the plug member may be formed from collagen. Further, the plug member may be infused with medication. The plug member may include at least one flange portion.
The various aspects may also include one or more of the following features. Medication may be introduced into the collagen plug. The medication may be one of an anti-inflammatory medication, an anti-infective medication, or an anti-VEGF medication. The collagen plug residing in the opening formed in the eye may be hydrated with a fluid drug. The surgical procedure may be one of a 20 gauge, 23, gauge, 25 gauge, or 27 gauge surgical procedure. The surgical instrument for inserting the collagen plug into the interior passageway may be a trocar. Medication may be introduced into the collagen plug. Further, the collagen plug may be adapted to elute medication introduced therein. The medication introduced into the collagen plug may include at least one of an anti-inflammatory medication, an anti-infective medication, or an anti-VEGF medication. The collagen plug residing in the opening formed in the eye may be formed in the sclera with a fluid drug. The collagen plug may include at least one flange portion. Medication may be eluted into the eye from the collagen plug.
The details of one or more implementations of the present disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the eye having an opening formed therein and a cannula inserted through the opening to provide communication between an interior and exterior of the eye.
FIGS. 2-5 show installation of a plug member into an opening formed in the eye.
FIGS. 6-8 show cross-sectional views of additional example plug members.
FIGS. 9-11 show cross-sectional views of further example plug members.
Access to an interior of the eye, such as to an interior of the posterior segment of the eye, may be required during a surgical procedures. For example, access to the interior of the posterior segment may be required when access to the retina is needed. Access may be gained by forming an opening in the sclera of the eye. In some instances, the opening may be formed with a trocar. Additionally, the trocar may be utilized to insert a cannula in the opening of the sclera
FIG. 1 shows a partial cross-sectional view of an eye 10 in which an opening 20 (also referred to as a wound) is formed in the sclera 30. A cannula 40 is shown disposed in the opening 20. The cannula 40 may be used to aspirate materials from the interior 50 of the eye 10 and/or introduce materials or equipment, such as vitrectomy surgical devices, into the interior 50 of the eye 10. Further, more than one cannula may be introduced into other openings formed in the sclera. Thus, during some procedures, several openings, having a cannula disposed respectively therein, may be formed in the sclera. Although the cannula 40 is shown in FIG. 1 disposed in the opening 20 such that a longitudinal axis 42 of the cannula is oriented perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly to a plane 44 tangent to an outer surface 46 of the eye 10, the cannula 40 may be disposed at any desired or suitable orientation. That is, the cannula 40 may be inserted through the sclera and form any desired or suitable angle between the longitudinal axis 42 and plane 44.
The cannula 40 defines an interior passageway 60 through which one or more instruments may be repeatedly inserted and/or retracted during a surgical procedure, for example. Further, the cannula 40 provides repeated access to the interior 50 of the eye 10 without the need for the medical practitioner to relocate the opening 20 formed in the sclera 30 and without causing repeated trauma to the eye structures as the instruments and/or materials are inserted into and/or withdrawn from the eye 10 through the opening 20.
The opening 20 formed in the sclera 30 may be closed, such as at the conclusion of a medical procedure. FIGS. 2-5 illustrate insertion of a plug member into an opening formed in the sclera of an eye. An instrument 70, such as a trocar, having a plug member 80 disposed at a first end 90 of the instrument 70 may be inserted into the passageway 60 of the cannula 40, as shown in FIGS. 2-3. The plug member 80 may be disposed within the passageway 60 of the cannula 40 such that at least a portion of the plug member 80 is positioned within the opening 20. That is, the plug member 80 may be located within the passageway 60 at a location adjacent where the cannula 40 engages the sclera 30. That is, in some implementations, the plug member 80 may be longitudinally positioned along the passageway 60 such that at least a portion of the plug member 80 is positioned between the outer surface 46 and an inner surface 48 of the eye. The cannula 40 may be retracted along the instrument 70 as the plug member 80 is maintained or substantially maintained at its position relative to the opening 20, as shown in FIG. 4. In some implementations, the cannula 40 may be removed with forceps. The plug member 80 may be released from the instrument 70 and the instrument 70 retracted, as shown in FIG. 5. As a result, the plug member 80 may be inserted into the opening 20. The plug member 80 may be hydrated by aqueous humor, i.e., fluid naturally generated by the ciliary process of the eye, or other fluid, such as a fluid drug applied directly or indirectly to the plug member 80. Consequently, the plug member 80 forms a wound-conforming pressure seal operable to provide one or more of the benefits described herein.
Although FIGS. 2-5 illustrate the plug member 80 as having a substantially cylindrical shape, the plug member 80 may have other shapes. For example, the plug member 80 may have one or more flanged portions, as shown in FIGS. 6-8. The example plug member 80 shown in FIG. 6 has flanged portions disposed at opposing ends of a cylindrical portion 110.
In other implementations, as shown in FIG. 7, the plug member 80 may include a flange portion 100 disposed at a single end of the cylindrical portion 110. The plug member 80 having a single flange portion 100 may be inserted into the eye 10 having a first orientation (shown in FIG. 7) in which the flange portion is disposed at the exterior of the eye or a second orientation (shown in FIG. 8) in which the flange portion 100 is disposed in the interior 50 of the eye 10. The flange portion(s) 100 may be compressible to aid in insertion into and/or retention within the eye 10. Thus, upon removal of the cannula 40 when the plug member 80 is in position within the opening 20, the flange portion(s) 100 expand to aid in holding the plug member 80 in position.
As shown in FIGS. 6-8, the flange portions 100 may have a surface 120 that defines a tapered edge 130. In some instances, the surface 120 may be a curved surface as shown in FIGS. 6-8. The surface 120 and/or the tapered edge 130 may facilitate retention of the plug member 80 within the opening 20. For example, the curved surface 120 and/or tapered edge 130 may prevent a tissue contacting the eye from inadvertently dislodging the plug member 80, such as by relative movement between the eye 10 and the adjacent, contacting tissue.
Further, although the surface 120 of the example plug member 80 is shown as having a curved shape, the disclosure is not so limiting. Rather, in other implementations, the surface 120 may be flat with or without a radiused edge 140 (FIG. 9) or a chamfered edge 150 (FIG. 10). Another example plug member 80 shown in FIG. 11 may have a tapered surface 160. In still other implementations, the surface 120 may form define a semi-hemispherical shape. However, the surface 120 may have any suitable or desired shape. Further, although FIGS. 9-11 show a plug member 80 having a single flange portion 110, in other instances, the plug member 80 may include two flange portions 110 that may have an identical shape or a different shape than the other flange portion 110.
For example, use of a plug member 80 having the second orientation may be beneficial in maintaining the plug member 80 within the opening 20 as the cannula 40 is withdrawn from the eye 10. When the plug member 80 is at a desired location within the opening 20, as the cannula 40 is withdrawn past the flange portion 100, the flange portion 100 expands to seal the opening 20. Further, expansion of the flange portion 100 within the eye 10 provides mechanical resistance to withdrawal of the plug member 80 as the cannula 40 is further withdrawn from the eye 10. Thus, the flange portion 100 not only aids in sealing the opening 20, the flange portion 100 also provides a locating function to maintain a position of the plug member 80 as the cannula 40 is withdrawn from the eye 10.
While the flange portion(s) 100 of the plug member 80 is described as being compressible (and expandable to retain its original shape after a compressive force is removed), other portions of the plug member 80 may also be compressible to some extent. In some instances, the cylindrical portion 110 may be sized to substantially correspond to the interior passageway 60 of the cannula 40. That is, in some instances, the cylindrical portion 110 may have a dimension (e.g., diameter) that corresponds to the dimension (e.g., diameter) of the interior passageway 60. In other instances, the cylindrical portion 110 may be slightly larger than the interior passageway 60 such that, when inserted into the interior passageway 60, the cylindrical portion 110 is compressed slightly. In still other instances, the cylindrical portion 110 may be slightly smaller than the interior passageway 60 (e.g., the diameter of the cylindrical portion 110 may be slightly smaller than a diameter of the interior passageway 60).
In some implementations, the plug member 80 may be a collagen plug. In some implementations, the plug member 80 may be adapted to absorb and elute one or more materials, such as one or more medications. For example, the plug member 80 may be adapted to absorb and elute an anti-inflammatory material. Example anti-inflammatory materials may include triamcinolone acetonide as well any other suitable material and/or medication for treating and/or reducing inflammation of ocular tissues. Thus, according to some implementations, the plug member, such as plug member 80, may be operable to decrease swelling of the eye, particularly at the site of the opening, such as opening 20. In still other implementations, the plug member 80 may be adapted to absorb and elute anti-vascular endothelial growth factor ("anti-VEGF") materials. Example anti-VEGF materials may include Lucentis®, produced by Genetech, Inc. of 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, Calif. 94080. In still other implementations, the plug member 80 may be adapted to absorb and elute an anti-infective material. An example anti-infective material may include Vigamox® (moxiflocacin) produced by Alcon Laboratories, Inc. of South Freeway, Fort Worth, Tex. 76134. Another example anti-VEGF material may include Avastin®, also produced by Genetech, Inc. Consequently, in some instances, the plug member, such as plug member 80, may be adapted to reduce or eliminate the growth of abnormal blood vessels in at least a portion of the eye.
Still further, in some instances, a plurality of drugs may be absorbed into the plug member 80. Thus, a combination of different medications that may include, for example, one or more anti-inflammatory medications, anti-VEGF medications, anti-infective medications, and/or other medications may be may be absorbed into the plug member 80. Still other types of medications and combinations thereof other than or in combination with one or more of the materials described above may be used. Further, other types of biological agents and/or small molecule medicaments may be included in the plug member 80 for elution into the eye 10. As such, when inserted into the eye 10, the plug member 80 is operable to elute multiple, different medications into the eye 10. In still other implementations, the plug member 80 may be used as a port for the injection of one or more of the medications and/or substances described herein. As such, one or more materials may be directly injected into the eye through the plug member 80.
One or more of the implementations described herein may be used in combination with 20 gauge ("20 g") to 27 gauge ("27 g") wounds to the eye or 20 g to 27 g surgical techniques. For example, one or more of the implementations described herein may be used in combination with 20 g, 23 gauge ("23 g"), 25 gauge ("25 g"), or 27 g surgical procedures. However, the scope of use is not so limited, and one or more of the implementations described above may be use with larger or smaller openings or with larger or smaller surgical techniques. A plug member, such as plug member 80, may form a pressure seal to seal the opening formed in the sclera, such as opening 20, while the eye heals. As a result, hypotony (i.e., the reduction of intraocular pressure to unsafe levels) may be substantially reduced or eliminated. Additionally, the plug member 80 may substantially reduce or prevent intraocular vitreous strands from wicking out onto external conjunctiva and, thereby, proving a pathway for microbes to enter the eye and cause infections. These infections, referred to as endophthalmitis, can severely damage the eye and cause blindness.
In still other implementations, a plug member, such as one or more of the plug members 80 described above, may be inserted into a wound formed in the eye without the use of a cannula. For example, a plug member may be inserted into a cataract surgical entry wound or other ocular surgical wound without the use of a cannula. Thus, a plug member may be inserted into a wound formed in the eye with or without the use of a cannula.
Further, it should be understood that, although many aspects have been described herein, some implementations may include all of the features, while others may include some features while omitting others. That is, various implementations may include one, some, or all of the features described herein.
A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.
1. A method for sealing an opening formed an eye, the opening having a cannula disposed therein, the method comprising:
inserting a plug member into a passageway formed in the cannula disposed in the opening of the eye;
positioning at least a portion of the plug member at a location within the passageway adjacent to where the eye engages the cannula at the opening; and
retracting the cannula from the opening such that at least a portion of the plug member resides in the opening to form a seal.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising eluting medication from the plug member to treat a condition of the eye.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein eluting medication from the plug member to treat a condition of the eye comprises eluting anti-inflammation medication from the plug member.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein eluting medication from the plug member to treat a condition of the eye comprises eluting anti-VEFG medication from the plug member.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein eluting medication from the plug member to treat a condition of the eye comprises eluting an anti-infective medication from the plug member.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein inserting a plug member into a passageway formed in the cannula disposed in the opening of the eye comprises:
coupling the plug member to a first end of an instrument; and
introducing the first end of the instrument coupled to the plug member into the passageway.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein positioning at least a portion of the plug member at a location within the passageway adjacent to where the eye engages the cannula at the opening comprises extending the instrument through the passageway along a longitudinal axis thereof until at least a portion of the plug member is located within the passageway at a location where the opening annularly surrounds the cannula.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising releasing the plug member from the instrument and withdrawing the instrument.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the plug member is formed from collagen.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the plug member comprises at least one flange portion.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising infusing medication into the plug member.
12. A method of forming a wound-conforming seal during one of a 20 gauge, 23 gauge, 25 gauge, or 27 gauge ocular surgical procedure, the method comprising:
coupling a collagen plug to a distal end of a surgical instrument;
introducing the distal end into an interior passageway of a cannula extending through an opening in the sclera of an eye;
positioning the collagen plug within the interior passageway via the surgical instrument such that at least a portion of the collagen is within the opening;
removing the cannula from the opening formed in the sclera such that at least a portion of the collagen plug resides within the opening formed in the sclera to seal the opening; and
releasing the collagen plug from the surgical instrument.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising introducing medication into the collagen plug.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the medication is one of an anti-inflammatory medication, an anti-infective medication, or an anti-VEGF medication.
15. The method of claim 12 further comprising hydrating the collagen plug disposed in the opening formed in the eye with a fluid drug.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein the collagen plug comprises at least one flange portion.
17. An ocular surgical procedure comprising:
forming an opening in the sclera of the eye with a trocar;
inserting a cannula into the opening formed in the eye, the cannula comprising an interior passageway providing communication between an interior of the eye and an exterior of the eye;
coupling a collagen plug to a surgical instrument;
inserting the collagen plug into the interior passageway with the surgical instrument;
positioning the collagen plug within the interior passageway to a position such that at least a portion of the collagen plug is disposed within the opening formed in the sclera; and
removing the cannula from the opening while substantially maintaining the position of the collagen plug relative to the opening formed in the sclera such that at least a portion of the collagen plug resides within the opening formed in the sclera when the cannula is removed.
18. The ocular surgical procedure of claim 17, wherein the scale of the surgical procedure is one of a 20 gauge, 23 gauge, 25 gauge, or 27 gauge surgical procedure.
19. The ocular surgical procedure of claim 17, wherein the surgical instrument is a trocar.
20. The ocular surgical procedure of claim 17 further comprising introducing medication into the collagen plug.
21. The ocular surgical procedure of claim 20, further comprising eluting the medication from the collagen plug into the eye.
22. The ocular surgical procedure of claim 20, wherein introducing medication into the collagen plug comprises introducing at least one of an anti-inflammatory medication, an anti-infective medication, or an anti-VEGF medication.
23. The ocular surgical procedure of claim 17 further comprising hydrating the collagen plug residing in the opening formed in the sclera with a fluid drug.
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Owner name: ALCON RESEARCH, LTD., TEXAS
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We Americans sure enjoy our stuff. Or do we?
The average size of an American home has more than doubled since 1950 just to contain our belongings, but studies show that we tend to regularly use only 40% of the square footage we live in. We also have an average of $7200 worth of unused items in our homes.
As our homes overflow, we use self-storage space: $32.7 billion worth annually, according to IBISworld, a figure expected to grow by over $1 billion every year.
We are drowning in our possessions.
There is this crazy truth called the Law of Diminishing Returns. After a certain point, more stuff doesn't equate to more happiness. Many of us may be asking ourselves: "Is this it? Is all this stuff actually making me happy or is it just cluttering up my life?" On the other hand we think, "I spent an awful lot of money acquiring all this stuff." And hence our dilemma.
If you're ready to begin, let's rethink our things by categorizing them.
We all have things we love and use. They bring joy to our lives or serve a purpose. You may love your bookshelves and books, your mug collection, your old vinyl records, and your camping equipment. Keep that stuff. It makes you happy and you use it regularly.
Shoes with holes in the back of the closet. The bits and pieces in the junk drawer. The 10-year-old car seat no one needs anymore. The old paintbrushes, plastic bags, and empty boxes. This stuff likely fills a lot of your shed or garage or the gloomy backs of closets. Maybe it's time to toss, recycle, or donate these items to local thrift stores.
We all have things that are far too good to just throw away, but we don't use or need them. The new toaster still in a box you've never opened. Your second set of china. Unused gifts. A sweater that never fit you. The treadmill that is now a coat hanger because you go to the gym instead, or at least say you do.
Here's where you can make a drastic move from living with items you don't need to doing good for organizations you care about passionately.
Use Better Finds like Craigslist or OfferUp. Download the free app, post photos of what you want to donate and list a price. Buyers can purchase the item and the amount will go directly to the charity of the seller's choice. The item for sale does all the work. The seller gets a donation receipt for taxes, the buyer gets the item they need, and you gain space and sanity in your home.


Published in the Journal of Child Neurology. 2018.
Authors: Kimberly Goodspeed, MD; Cassandra Newsom, PsyD; Mary Ann Morris, PhD, BCSE; Craig Powell, MD, PhD; Patricia Evans, MD, PhD; and Sailaja Golla, MD.
duplication case reported to date.
Full report is here. Download it here.
Image below: Alexandra poses with authors Kimberly Goodspeed, MD and Sailaja Golla, MD in November, 2016.