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The Comet Affair
Why the cold war forced the British government to choose between keeping a friend and arming an enemy.
By Jeffrey A. Engel
ON MAY 3, 1952, THE COOL QUIET OF AN ENGLISH MORNING WAS BROKEN BY FOUR JET ENGINES screaming to life. A brand-new airliner was about to make history, inaugurating the world's first commercial jet service. sleek, fast, and wholly without peer, the comet, owned by british overseas airways corporation, held 36 business executives, luxury travelers, and distinguished guests of the airline and the airplane manufacturer, de havilland aircraft. the comet's maIden voyage: a multi-stop journey from england to south africa.
The Comet's sleekly modern look raised the public's confidence in the new mode of jet-propelled passenger flight. But military and economic uncertainties about the Comet made U.S. politicians nervous. (Rolls Royce (SI Neg. #90-9560))
It was a flight that signaled a new age of travel. The Comet's four Rolls-Royce Ghost jet engines, each of which provided 5,000 pounds of thrust, nearly halved the time needed to fly from one end of the British Empire to the other, reducing travel time from London to Johannesburg from 36 hours to 23. With speeds like that, BOAC's chairman, Sir Thomas Miles, boasted, "New Yorkers will be able to take a swim in Bermuda and dry themselves at home."
Unprecedented speed was only half the Comet's allure. The aircraft's engines, advanced aerodynamic design, and the relatively new technology of cabin pressurization enabled it to climb high above inclement weather—nearly twice as high as most airliners of the day—and cruise through skies of unprecedented calm. When the first group of voyagers stepped onto Johannesburg's Palmieterfontein Field—surrounded by 20,000 spectators lined up to witness the arrival—one young woman questioned by reporters paid the airplane the ultimate compliment: During the flight, she had fallen asleep.
The following year, BOAC began to equip a second generation of Comets with Avon engines. Unlike the Ghosts, which used centrifugal flow, the Rolls-Royce Avon employed an axial-flow design, which shot air directly through the engine, a more efficient arrangement. Airlines from around the world lined up to purchase the Avon-powered craft.
British policymakers were hopeful that Comet sales would help give the nation the economic boost it needed in the years following World War II. Duncan Sandy, the United Kingdom's supply minister, wrote to Prime Minister Winston Churchill: "On whether we grasp this opportunity [for extensive Comet sales] and so establish firmly an industry of the utmost strategic and economic importance, our future as a great nation may to no small extent depend."
That goal would not prove easily achieved. The United States objected to the sales, citing concerns that lax airline security in foreign nations offered innumerable opportunities for Communist agents to steal the technological secrets of the Avon. And with Avon-like engines affixed to their wings, Soviet airplanes might gain the range and the payload capacity to launch, for the first time, atomic strikes against the United States.
Theoretically, propeller-driven Soviet bombers operating from secret airfields far above the Arctic Circle could already hit most major U.S. targets (at least during the six months of the year the airfields were not iced in). But those lumbering airplanes would be pushed to the limit of their one-way range; they didn't pose nearly as big a threat as long-range jet bombers capable of outflying U.S. defenses and returning safely home.
The United States had another reason to fear British technology ending up in Soviet aircraft. It had happened before.
"How Mad We Are!"
Pressed with mounting debts at the end of World War II, Prime Minister Clement Attlee's government had offered to sell any Royal Air Force airplane to any nation with the cash.
The British Air Ministry had reassured Attlee that it "did not worry about selling its best warplanes abroad." The technical prowess of British manufacturers was so great that RAF warplanes would surely always outpace Soviet Bloc designs, and indeed, Rolls-Royce was already working on engines far more powerful than the Nene and Derwent. According to the British Air Ministry, "Rolls-Royce are confident that they will be able to keep several steps ahead of any country" to whom they sold an engine. From both military and commercial perspectives, Britain felt secure.
Then the Soviets came calling.
It was a proposition no one expected. In the spring of 1946, without even so much as an informal inquiry beforehand, Moscow sent an order for 20 Nene and Derwent engines. The order came accompanied by a threat: Failure to sell could further harm deteriorating East-West relations, and dash any hope of the British purchasing much-needed Soviet timber. Furthermore, the Russians had a long memory for slights.
Attlee's foreign secretary, Ernest Bevin, warned Attlee that the Soviets might be producing copies of the British engines in as little as three to five years; at one meeting he burst out: "How mad we are!" for even considering the sale.
He had a point: The Soviets had already proved themselves skilled and swift reverse-engineers. In 1944, the Soviets had taken three U.S. B-29s that had been "interned" in Siberia after the pilots had made emergency landings there in World War II's final months (see "Made in the U.S.S.R.," Feb./Mar. 2001); in three years the Soviets had broken the bombers apart piece by piece and produced copies of them, right down to the extra ashtrays and chewing gum containers U.S. pilots had rigged up in the cockpit.
Despite all the misgivings, Attlee felt he had to approve the Nene sales. By the summer of 1947, more than 50 engines had arrived in Soviet ports.
U.S. news media were quick to spread the startling news. "An outrage," one Washington newspaper exclaimed, while another editorialized that "few stories are of greater importance to the American public" than Britain's role in the deaths of American pilots. The news reports sent "all hell bucking loose on Capitol Hill," observed Under Secretary of State Robert Lovett. Air Force Secretary Stuart Symington brooded: "The British government has placed economic factors ahead of any present or future military implications which might be involved," a decision that "might have rather grave implications respecting the security of the United States." Lovett agreed. Selling advanced engines to the Soviets "was not only unwise but unnecessary," he roared at Lord Iverchapel, Britain's ambassador to the United States, but "also showed a surprising lack of cooperation" in the fight against global Communism. Any similar sale in the future "might have very far-reaching results in other matters affecting the relationship of our two governments." In other words: If Britain ever made such a move again, it might soon find itself dangerously alone.
Attlee's decision soon had deadly consequences. Just 18 months after receiving their first shipment of Nene engines, Soviet technicians had produced and installed exact copies into the first MiG-15s, thus producing the Soviets' first world-class jet fighter. Six months later, the Soviets were producing whole squadrons of MiG-15s, powered by Soviet copies of the Nene. By 1950, the year the Korean War began, the MiG-15 fleet numbered in the hundreds, and Soviet factories produced over 200 more each month.
The MiGs soon came to dominate Korean skies. "When MiGs break through our fighter screen," the New York Times military analyst Hanson Baldwin told readers, "a B-29 [is] shot down or damaged nearly every time." In the official Air Force history The United States Air Force in Korea, 1950–1953, author Robert Futrell dourly concluded, "the Soviet fighter's performance rendered obsolete every U.S. plane in the Far East. The Russian fighter outclassed the [U.S. Air Force's piston-driven] Mustang, whose pilots had no hope for survival when attacked by a MiG except to keep turning inside, to hit the deck, and to head for home as fast as possible." The MiG bested every other propeller-driven U.S. fighter brought to battle in the war's first months, and it went on to outpace America's first-generation jets, the F-80 and F-84, as well. In level flight the MiG was fully 100 mph faster than the F-80C; recalls Futrell: "It could climb away from the old Shooting Star as if it were anchored in the sky."
Part of the success was due to Soviet talent: The engine copies the Soviets had made were "a very marked improvement of the [Nene] jet engine that was sold to the Russians several years ago," U.S. Air Force General Hoyt Vandenberg admitted to a secret Senate hearing in 1951, adding that they were "superior to any jet engine we have today." Only the U.S. F-86 had any chance of matching the MiG in speed and maneuverability. Today, aviation historians continue to argue over which was better: the F-86 or the MiG-15. The former was faster in level flight, the latter better at high altitudes. The Soviet airplane employed a powerful cannon; the U.S. craft, six rapid-fire machine guns. Most historians agree that the MiG lacked an adequate gunsight.
Even so, Sabre pilots were almost invariably outnumbered. "I personally counted more than 120 MiGs high above me on one flight," recalls Robinson Risner, who bagged eight MiGs during his combat tour. "This was while we had no more than 75 F-86s for the whole of Korea."
Not only were U.S. fliers outnumbered by MiGs, they were frequently outmatched as well, especially at high altitudes (see "To Snatch a Sabre," June/July 2003). The Soviet airplanes were designed for speed and for swooping down on enemy bomber formations from well above 40,000 feet. "We couldn't touch you if you wanted to get high enough, and you could outrun us," Risner told a Soviet ace nearly 30 years after the war. "But if we got you below 20,000 feet, we'd eat your lunch."
Comparisons are difficult to come to a conclusion about, as the two aircraft were designed for distinctly different purposes: the Soviet as a bomber-interceptor, the American as a dogfighter. "I could make ace in a day flying a MiG just by picking off stragglers trying to come and get me" at 50,000 feet, claims Colonel Stephen Bettinger, a Sabre pilot who did make ace during the war.
In the end, it may well have been better training and a stronger command that helped the U.S. pilots achieve a higher kill ratio.
One thing remains certain: The Soviet fighter would never have had a realistic chance of gaining air superiority over Korea had it not first gotten a British-built engine.
The Allure of the Avon
The speed with which the Soviets had copied the U.S. B-29s and the British Nenes naturally made the U.S. military worry: If Comets were now to be sold to other nations, the aircraft's Avon engines might eventually end up in Soviet hands too, and be duplicated.
Nonetheless, the possibility did little to temper Britain's enthusiasm for marketing the Comet. "Provided the aircraft are not sold to a Communist country, we are simply not concerned who the buyer is," the Foreign Office's Philip de Zulueta told a colleague. British jets had an enormous lead over their closest rival—the first U.S. jetliners were not expected to carry passengers until 1957 at the earliest. No one in Britain wanted to give up that advantage without a fight.
Charged by Churchill with finding a solution to this delicate problem, a Cabinet committee "weighed the security risk against the country's economic advantage and need" and "concluded that safeguards could be imposed which would reduce the security risk sufficiently to warrant the sales of these engines or aircraft, thus enabling us to reap the economic advantages of our technical lead." The safeguards included five major points:
• No airplane powered by, or carrying, a Comet engine could ever fly to, or over, Communist-held territory.
• All scheduled maintenance work, for the engine's first 18 months of service, must be carried out by British technicians, and on British territory.
• All engine maintenance staff employed overseas must be screened for security.
• All spare engines to be sent abroad must be shipped in British vessels.
• Any spare engines held outside the United Kingdom must be maintained in a British territory, and can be flown to foreign territory only when essential. When housed in a foreign country, the engine must be contained in a building owned and supervised by the British.
Officials initially considered mandating that spare engines held overseas be chain-locked to the floor, the key held only by a British embassy official, but they concluded that this requirement was excessive.
But the safeguards weren't enough for Washington policymakers, who balked at placing U.S. national security in the hands of a BOAC or Air France. Airlines, by their nature, cared more about profits than precautions. U.S. diplomats declared that Britain had a duty to protect U.S. security, especially after the Nene transaction. President Dwight Eisenhower's aides buttressed their arguments by citing an obscure 1949 British-U.S. accord that was called the Burns-Templer Agreement; according to its terms, because Avon technology had been developed partly through U.S. assistance and cooperation, the United States deserved a say in whether it should be sold.
"It is virtually certain that the U.S. would not agree to our planned exports of Comets to foreign countries," Sir Harold Alexander, the Ministry of Defence, warned Churchill. "Their agreement would be necessary before we could put these aircraft into service on our own British airlines!" Another diplomat railed: "To accept American ideas about security of advanced jet engines would cripple our aircraft industry."
The U.S. aircraft industry, on the other hand, could actually profit from the restrictions, providing firms such as Boeing and Douglas time to catch up to de Havilland. Neither U.S. company had yet even to fly a prototype jet airliner. In a brief moment of candor, John C. Elliott, a U.S. diplomat in charge of negotiating the Comet affair, chatting with the British ambassador, confided that his negotiators were "under pressure from their own aircraft industry" to restrict Britain's Comet sales.
The pressure wasn't enough. Churchill's cabinet unanimously rejected the idea of letting the United States restrict Comet sales. Anthony Eden, Britain's foreign secretary and future prime minister, explained: "Our economic needs differ from theirs [the Americans] and must be given full weight. We cannot afford to refrain from earning foreign currency, provided adequate security arrangements are made."
Still, the decision hadn't been easy. Britain worried that seeming uninterested in U.S. security could destroy Anglo-American cooperation, the bonds of language, kinship, and mutual security often termed the "Special Relationship" upon which Britain's foreign policy rested. The United States and the United Kingdom had been the closest of allies through two world wars, and each expected much of the other.
The British decided to defend their decision by going on the counterattack. They had learned that the Pentagon was planning to sell advanced fighters—most likely F-86s—with axial-flow engines, similar to the Avon, to air forces throughout western Europe. London charged that these NATO militaries were rife with Communist sympathizers. Indeed, according to a series of British Treasury Office documents declassified in 1999, analysts believed that if France's military got these U.S. aircraft, there would be "a definite risk" of the Soviets' acquiring an engine, and that giving Avons to Italy or Denmark would "in our opinion lead almost inevitably to compromise of the engines to the Russians." One British analyst even said that it would be safer to land a British Comet in Moscow's Red Square than to give such engines to the Italian air force.
If Washington was willing to jeopardize its own security this way, the British declared, then surely it had no grounds for objecting to the British selling Comets to other nations.
In a nation dominated by the cold war and McCarthyism, such arguments failed to impress. The British were selling Comets merely for profit, the Americans retorted. The Pentagon was selling aircraft to protect the entire free world.
The Soviets' Big Surprise
In 1954, London decided to proceed with its Comet export plans. The U.S. state department prepared the Congress for another round of startling revelations: Britain was once more about to sell airplanes that could eventually aid the enemy. U.S. officials were hard at work putting the finishing touches on their damning brief when, in an instant, the entire debate changed forever.
The report that filtered into London was brief but clear. On January 10, 1954, a BOAC Comet had exploded only minutes after departing from Rome. Of the 35 passengers and crew members on board, none had survived. No explanation was available. The same thing had happened to a Comet flight out of Calcutta the previous year: Though the airplane reported no difficulties beforehand, it suddenly burst into a fireball, and 43 lost their lives. Less than four months after the Rome accident, a third Comet exploded, again only minutes after takeoff. This time 21 died.
After the third explosion, London's Air Ministry immediately ordered Comets throughout the world grounded. Years of investigations (entailing raising one of the broken airplanes from the ocean floor) in time proved an unexpected culprit: metal fatigue, combined with problems in the new technology of cabin pressurization. Years of work would be needed to solve these complex, unforeseen problems—years that saw Britain's lead over its U.S. rivals disappear.
So too did America's sense of security from aerial attack. In the midst of Moscow's annual military parade before thousands packed into Red Square on May Day 1954, a large and imposing shape appeared suddenly in the sky. Soon it was followed by four more, then another flight. Then nearly a dozen of the new mammoth airplanes were circling high above, their four engines clearly visible to the eager crowd below. Concealed amid the masses were dozens of British and U.S. spies with hidden cameras.
Within days the film smuggled out of the Soviet Union revealed a chilling truth: Not only were the new aircraft's engines axial flow, they also appeared to be far more powerful than the Comet 2's Avon. Such engines could easily propel a bomb-laden airplane to the heartland of America. The Soviets had not needed British or U.S. engines to produce their own after all.
Sky High in a Starfighter
It Came From Beyond
The Truth About the MiG-29
10 All-Time Great Pilots


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LaTosha Brown
Political Strategist and Award-Winning National Organizer
Contributor to MSNBC, The New York Times, and More
Co-Founder, Black Voters Matter
Advocate for Democracy, Civic Engagement, Philanthropy, and Women's Empowerment
See what's new with LaTosha Brown >
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Award-winning community organizer, political strategist, and jazz singer LaTosha Brown is a trusted expert and resource in political strategy, rural development, and special programming for philanthropies. Brown is the co-Founder of Black Voters Matter Fund – a power-building southern-based civic engagement organization – leveraging over two decades of experience as a revered institution-builder in non-profit and philanthropy sectors. A renowned philanthropic consultant, she has served as an advisor for groups such as the Ford Foundation, Friends of New Orleans, and the Clinton Global Initiative for over 25 years, and is the principle owner of TruthSpeaks Consulting, Inc. Brown is the Visionary, Founder, and Co-Anchor of the Southern Black Girls & Women's Consortium, a $100M, 10-year initiative to invest in organizations that serve Black women and girls. She has launched and served countless organizations with her nationally recognized expertise in issues related to social justice, economic and leadership development, wealth creation, and civil rights.
Brown has served as an American Democracy Fellow with the Charles Warren Center at Harvard University, and is a Senior Practice Fellow in American Democracy at the Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation at Harvard's Kennedy School. She serves on the board of the National Coalition on Black Civic Engagement (NCBCP), the Southern Documentary Fund, and is an active member of several national and international organizations. She and her work have received numerous awards, including the Redbook Magazine Spirit and Strength Award, NCBCP's Spirit of Democracy Award, the White House Champion of Change Award, the Philanthropy Women Breakthrough Award for Thought and Strategy Leadership, and many more. Sought after for her uplifting keynote speeches, Brown shares message of hope and shared humanity, inviting audiences to envision a future and a democracy we deserve.
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Rave Reviews About LaTosha Brown
I just wanted to say, Thank you, Thank you, Thank you!!! She was phenomenal!!! I received several comments including this one that said, "LATOSHA BROWN FOR PRESIDENT". She came onto the stage singing with that powerful voice of hers and it set the tone for one of the most powerful messages that we have heard in a long time. The president of Rowan University enjoyed her message.
- Rowan University
A Sample of the Groups That Have Hosted LaTosha Brown
William Paterson University
Benedictine University
Commencement - Your very presence says you are deserving | Pitzer College [19:32] - Get Sharable Link
https://www.harrywalker.com:443/speakers/latosha-brown?videoid=46256
Commencement - Your very presence says you are deserving | Pitzer College [19:32]
News Commentary - Unconscionable That A Year Later We Do Not Have Voting Rights Legislation Says LaTosha Brown | MSNBC Reidout [7:09]
Keynote clip - Vision: an element of change | William Patterson U. [3:46] 2.2.2021
News Profile and Interview - "This Is Voter Suppression": 198,000 Georgia Residents Were Illegally Purged from Voter Rolls | Democracy Now! [15:44]
Virtual Discussion - Voting Rights and Suppression | Yale U. [1:30:47]
Q&A clip- Find a political home and be in relationship with others | William Patterson U. [6:41]
News Story - Voting Rights Under Attack With Less Than 3 Weeks Until Midterms | MSNBC Hardball [8:34]
Promo - LaTosha Brown: Activating Progressive Power from the Ground Up [3:08]
Panel clip - Hidden Figures | Net Roots Nation [6:20]
Keynote - Cleaning Up the Dirty South | TEDxOilSpill [11:38]
Commentary and Performance - LaTosha Brown sings freedom song for Juneteenth | USA TODAY [1:23]
Explore Talks By LaTosha Brown
The Power of the Sister Vote! The Impact and Influence of Women Voters in the 21st Century
In recent years, the world witnessed one of the largest protest marches in modern history – the 2017 Women's March – and later that year, an unexpected and historic defeat for a U.S. Senate seat in Alabama, resulting from the work of women organizers. More women than ever in this country's history h ...
In recent years, the world witnessed one of the largest protest marches in modern history – the 2017 Women's March – and later that year, an unexpected and historic defeat for a U.S. Senate seat in Alabama, resulting from the work of women organizers. More women than ever in this country's history have been elected to Congress, and the 2020 presidential cycle saw the largest field of women candidates for the highest office in the land.
Looking ahead, what will be the impact of women voters in the next cycle? What are the factors that propelled this increased representation of women within political leadership? Are we moving towards reflective democracy? How is this political moment different from previous feminist and suffrage movements? How does gender identity impact and/or influence the national political landscape?
How to Make a Voter: Creating Engaged and Informed Citizens in Democracy
America's political landscape is shifting in both the global and domestic arenas in ways that threaten the foundation of this country as being a democratic nation. We are bearing witness to the passage and implementation of deeply troubling policies, state sanctioned acts and legislation that impact ...
America's political landscape is shifting in both the global and domestic arenas in ways that threaten the foundation of this country as being a democratic nation. We are bearing witness to the passage and implementation of deeply troubling policies, state sanctioned acts and legislation that impact the civil and human rights of immigrant groups, women, people of color, and the LGBTQ community.
In light of these political changes, we must ask ourselves two critical questions: 1.) How do we implement innovative practices and new political organizing models to reverse this trend? 2.) How do we reinforce and expand America's commitment to democracy? How do we inspire, engage, and motivate American citizens to participate in the political process?
The Death of Democracy: Voter Suppression in the 21st Century
The cornerstone of democracy is the guaranteed right to vote. However, since 2014 over 33 million American citizens have been dropped from the voting rolls. Most have been moved from the rolls due to a resurgence of voter suppression tactics and politics. Minority voters have been intentionally targ ...
The cornerstone of democracy is the guaranteed right to vote. However, since 2014 over 33 million American citizens have been dropped from the voting rolls. Most have been moved from the rolls due to a resurgence of voter suppression tactics and politics. Minority voters have been intentionally targeted with these efforts and are disproportionately impacted. This is perhaps the biggest existential threat to American democracy in modern times. However, as voters and citizens we can solve the voter suppression issue in ways that not only protect the right to vote but ultimately strengthens our democracy.
Culture and Context Matters! Building Political Power through Storytelling and Strategic Messaging
We're currently in an era where people are receiving information and developing political ideologies through non-vetted social media outlets, political soundbites, and opinion-based news networks. Political extremists have built a base of supporters by propagating false information, sensationalized ...
We're currently in an era where people are receiving information and developing political ideologies through non-vetted social media outlets, political soundbites, and opinion-based news networks. Political extremists have built a base of supporters by propagating false information, sensationalized conspiracies and theories based in fear and not fact. This has led to the widespread distrust of American voters in political systems. How do we build trust in the American democratic system? What reforms are needed and what must we protect at all costs?
Who Will Save America Democracy? The Role of Women, Young Voters and People of Color in American Politics
As America becomes younger and more diverse we can predict that an inevitable political shift will occur. What will that shift look like and what will be the long-term impact on democracy? Will identity politics play a role in unifying and/or widening the political divide in America? How will the ne ...
As America becomes younger and more diverse we can predict that an inevitable political shift will occur. What will that shift look like and what will be the long-term impact on democracy? Will identity politics play a role in unifying and/or widening the political divide in America? How will the new majority save and/or expand American Democracy?
We the People: Mobilizing Voters, Strengthening Voting Rights & Combating Voter Suppression
The 2013 Shelby vs. Holder Supreme Court decision gutted the Voting Rights Act of 1964. It opened the floodgates for the devolution of voting rights, thus leaving the door wide open for voter suppression. Since the ruling, we have witnessed the accelerated rolling back of voting rights protections, ...
The 2013 Shelby vs. Holder Supreme Court decision gutted the Voting Rights Act of 1964. It opened the floodgates for the devolution of voting rights, thus leaving the door wide open for voter suppression. Since the ruling, we have witnessed the accelerated rolling back of voting rights protections, particularly in the South. We have also seen the reestablishment of anti-democratic state based laws and the implementation of political barriers that prevent free and fair access to the ballot. In light of this, how do we protect the right to vote with a weakened Voting Rights Act? How do we strengthen democracy in an environment where the right to vote for many is openly being attacked? What are the most effective and innovative strategies in this current political environment to address voter suppression, mobilize voters and expand democracy.
Learn more about LaTosha Brown
LaTosha Brown is a national treasure, tailoring memorable messages of hope and shared humanity
When LATOSHA BROWN stopped by the Harry Walker Agency for a virtual visit, we were simply blown away by her high-energy message of hope and shared humanity. Ms. Brown is an award-winning organizer, political strategist, and consultant with over two decades of experience working in the non-profit and philanthropy sectors, and is perhaps best known for co-founding the Black Voters Matter Fund. Also an accomplished jazz singer, she kicked off the riveting virtual event with an incredible musical interlude, sharing her passion for connection through song as a reminder of our shared humanity. No stranger to the obstacles of advocating for social justice, political empowerment, economic development, and civil rights, Ms. Brown views the current political climate as an opportunity to be honest about the challenges and offers solution-oriented insights geared toward transforming our companies and communities through authenticity, connection, and joy – the laughter on our call was contagious!
As she says, Ms. Brown has the "unmitigated gall to believe humanity can be better," drawing on her experience as an organizer and Black feminist thought leader to invite us to close our eyes and envision the future, and specifically the democracy, that we deserve. Ms. Brown compels us to consider the current, defining moment in our nation's history and to reclaim our humanity – focus on the message we're trying to share, calling one another in, and trusting that, as she affirms, "our greatest resource is each other." A gifted and one-of-a-kind orator, Ms. Brown thoughtfully tailors each event, working with clients to understand what their unique audiences need to ensure the biggest impact possible. Our team described the resounding message of connection as "spirit-lifting" and "amazing!" As she closed with a rendition of 'This Little Light of Mine', positivity erupted in our office, with folks jumping out of their seats to talk about what an impactful conversation Ms. Brown started that is sure to reverberate long after our memorable event.
Case Study: LaTosha Brown speaks to a captivated audience at William Paterson University
Co-founder of Black Voters Matter, national organizer, political strategist, and fellow at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, LATOSHA BROWN spoke to students, faculty, and staff at William Paterson University, delivering her 40 minute keynote "Protecting The Crown: Breaking Generational Curses," followed by a 30 minute Q&A. She is also an accomplished singer and full of electrifying energy, and seamlessly transitioned from spiritual song into her remarks. Eloquent and knowledgeable, Brown held the audience in the palm of her hand as she spoke, and evoked a powerful visualization of the students as the future of America. Brown spoke on her recent work and the current national conversation, and inspired students to redefine and protect the crown of Black identity, family, culture, and more. She received many rave reviews from the community for her captivating speech: "Amazing! We need to bring her back again!," "Definitely loved her message and her exchange with students!," and "LaTosha Brown was fire...great start to the month."
Watch part of her speech here >>
LaTosha Brown, who was recently tapped to develop the Harvard Kennedy School's "Combating Racism" school-wide initiative, is the grassroots organizer, educator, and speaker all audiences love!
You cannot turn on the TV without seeing LATOSHA BROWN speaking about the work she's doing to advance racial justice and political power for marginalized people. Her organization, Black Voters Matter works to activate progressive power in the rural south. In a letter entitled "Combatting Racism", the Dean of the Harvard Kennedy School outlined steps the graduate school will take to address this political moment, shift practices within the school, and expand offerings to students around racial justice. Fellow at the Kennedy School Center for Public Leadership, the Kennedy School Institute of Politics (IOP), Kennedy School Women and Public Policy Program (WAPPP) and the Kennedy School Hauser Institute for Civil Society, Brown will help launch "Teach-in Summer" — a summer of listening, learning, and galvanizing our community to action.
Asked to speak on the recent election and current political and social climate, Brown has appeared on CNN, CBS News, MSNBC, Pod Save America, and countless other outlets. Organizations rave, "I just wanted to say, Thank you, Thank you, Thank you!!! She was phenomenal!!! LATOSHA BROWN FOR PRESIDENT! She came onto the stage singing with that powerful voice of hers and it set the tone for one of the most powerful messages that we have heard in a long time." (Rowan University)
LaTosha Brown Activates Voters Everywhere to Take Claim of the Most Important Role of Our Democracy—The Role of Citizen
America's political landscape is shifting in both the global and domestic arenas and in her talk, How to Make a Voter: Creating Engaged and Informed Citizens of Democracy, LATOSHA BROWN addresses the ways that disengagement threatens the foundations of this country. She empowers audiences to acknowledge and call out what we are witnessing: the shifting of the perception and function of the Executive Branch; the increasing over-reach of Presidential powers; the politicization of the Supreme Court; the intentional reduction of the role of federal agencies in state oversight; an increased polarized Congress based along party lines; and the stacking of the federal courts with conservative judges.
Brown also highlights that we are bearing witness to implementation of deeply troubling policies, state sanctioned acts and legislation that impact the civil and human rights of immigrant groups, women, people of color and the LGBTQ+ community. Despite these political changes, she reminds us to ask ourselves the critical questions: 1.) How do we implement innovative practices and new political organizing models to reverse this trend? 2.) How do we reinforce and expand America's commitment to democracy? 3) How do we inspire, engage and motivate American citizens to participate in the political process?
Best known for her unique ability to Activating Progressive Power from the Ground Up, Brown is a Harvard's Kennedy School of Government Fellow and co-founder of the Black Voters Matter Fund, a power-building southern-based civic engagement organization that played an instrumental role in the 2017 Alabama U.S. Senate race, Brown makes clear that she is a committed voice on the grassroot level working with people everywhere to reclaim their power to influence local and national elections. Throughout her career, Ms. Brown has distinguished herself as a trusted expert and resource in political strategy, rural development and special programming for a number of national and regional philanthropies.
Tweets by LaTosha Brown
Celebrate Black History Month with a Stand-Out Speaker
HWA Speakers on Financial & Career Literacy
HWA Speakers on Building Community, Creating a Sense of Belonging & Finding Joy!
Fresh Voices for MLK Day and Black Heritage Month
Courageous Conversations with JEDI Speakers
Megan Thee Stallion partners with Southern Black Girls on a new tour - Revolt
Organizing, but not compartmentalizing - Harvard Gazette
Meet Cromwell Day Speaker LaTosha Brown - Smith College
Democratic Frustration Boils Over with Lack of Progress on Voting Rights Over - The Atlanta Journal Constitution
2020 Taught Us: Pressure, Protest, Power - Essence
Turning Out the Vote in Georgia - New York Times
How Black voters lifted Georgia Democrats to Senate runoff victories - The Guardian
Black Voters Matter Co-Founder: Black Voters In Georgia Fuel 'New Southern Strategy' - KPBS
'Black Voters Matter' in Georgia's Senate runoff elections - The 19th News
'We've Got to Keep People Engaged': LaTosha Brown, Co-Founder of Black Voters Matter, Dishes On How She Helped Turn Georgia Blue - The Root.com
Series 6, Episode 25: LaTosha Brown (Video) - Channel 4 News
Black Women Aren't Saving America For You. They're Protecting Themselves. - Huffington Post
Black History Now: LaTosha Brown's Next Goal Is to Flip the Country - Shondaland.com
THE SOULFUL SINGER MAKING SURE BLACK VOTERS MATTER - Ozy
How Black Lives Matter Could Reshape the 2020 Elections - TIME
A Juneteenth conversation on race, policing and where America stands - Washington Post
'QUINTESSENTIAL POWER': LATOSHA BROWN - USA Today
Co-founder of Black Voters Matter Fund, jazz singer, and fellow at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government
LaTosha Brown is an award-winning community organizer, philanthropic consultant, jazz singer and political strategist with over twenty years of experience working in the non-profit and philanthropy sectors on a wide variety of issues related to social justice, economic development, leadership development, wealth creation and civil rights.
She is the co-founder of Black Voters Matter Fund, a power building southern based civic engagement organization that played an instrumental role in the 2017 Alabama U.S. Senate race.
Ms. Brown is also principal owner of TruthSpeaks Consulting, Inc., a professional facilitation and philanthropy advisory consulting business based in Atlanta, GA. For more than 25 years, she has served as a consultant and advisor for individual donors, various public foundations and private donors. Former Director of a funder working group of Neighborhood Funders Group (NFG). GSP is comprised of Southern and national funders committed to improving the outcomes, conditions, and opportunities for those who are least well off socially, economically, and politically in the South.
She is a founding member of the Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors' Gulf Coast Fund for Community Renewal and Ecological Health and also served as fund's first Executive Director. Under her leadership the Gulf Coast Fund gained national recognition, created strategic national partnerships and distributed over $6 million in re-granting dollars for community and coastal organizations in the gulf coast region.
Throughout her career, Ms. Brown has distinguished herself as a trusted expert and resource in community organizing, rural development and special programming for a number of national and regional philanthropies. She has consulted and advised foundations such as the Marguerite Casey Foundation, the Ford Foundation, Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation, the Black Belt Community Foundation, Friends of New Orleans, New World Foundation, Open Society Institute, Surdna Foundation, Community Foundation of South Alabama, Clinton Foundation, Clinton Global Initiative, Ibis Partners Investment Group and the Tides Foundation to name a few.
As a native of Alabama, Ms. Brown has dedicated her life's work towards organizing resources and supporting the development of community-based institutions in the South, particularly in the Black Belt and Gulf Coast regions. She has also worked as a trainer, speaker and facilitator in the international arena. She has traveled and/or presented to more than 23 countries abroad. She is currently working with the Guyanese Black Women's Roundtable on a project that will provide training and increase funding and investment opportunities for women led institutions based in Guyana, South America.
Ms. Brown is a well-respected leader that has led numerous initiatives, campaigns and special projects to empower marginalized communities in the South. She is the founder of Saving OurSelves Coalition, a community-led disaster relief organization that helped hundreds of families in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and the Southern Black Women Organizing Project that works to strengthen the network of Black women grassroots leaders in the South. She also currently serves as a board member for the National Coalition on Black Civic Engagement and the Southern Documentary Fund and is an active member of several national and international organizations.
She is the recipient of several national awards including the 2006 Redbook Magazine Spirit and Strength Award, 2007 Spirit of Democracy Award from the National Coalition on Black Civic Participation, the Louis E. Burnham Award for Human Rights, the 2008 Emory Business School MLK Service Award, 2010 Audubon Award, the 2011 White House Champion of Change Award, and most recently the 2020 Breakthrough Award for Thought and Strategy Leadership from the Philanthropy Women magazine. Ms. Brown currently lives in Atlanta, Georgia.
More speakers like LaTosha Brown:
Government Advisors & Appointees
Human Rights & Philanthropy
Humanitarians & Activists
Leadership & Public Service
New Realities: Race, Social Justice & Community
Social Justice & Equity

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Giorgio Cagnotto, född den 2 juni 1947 i Turin, är en italiensk simhoppare.

Han tog OS-brons i svikthopp i samband med de olympiska simhoppstävlingarna 1980 i Moskva.

Referenser

Externa länkar
Sports-reference.com

Italienska simhoppare
Italienska olympiska bronsmedaljörer
Olympiska bronsmedaljörer 1980
Olympiska bronsmedaljörer 1976
Italienska olympiska silvermedaljörer
Olympiska silvermedaljörer 1976
Olympiska silvermedaljörer 1972
Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 1964 från Italien
Tävlande i simhopp vid olympiska sommarspelen 1964
Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 1968 från Italien
Tävlande i simhopp vid olympiska sommarspelen 1968
Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 1972 från Italien
Tävlande i simhopp vid olympiska sommarspelen 1972
Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 1976 från Italien
Tävlande i simhopp vid olympiska sommarspelen 1976
Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 1980 från Italien
Tävlande i simhopp vid olympiska sommarspelen 1980
Idrottare från Turin
Födda 1947
Levande personer
Män

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Is it possible to be one of the world's most infamous arms dealers and still be a victim of political persecution? This is one of the questions raised by The Notorious Mr. Bout ("Bout" pronounced "boot," as in footwear), a powerful documentary made in the vein of other recent investigative pieces that analyze possible government misconduct, such as Deep Web, Citizenfour, and Whitey: United States of America v. James J. Bulger. Mostly edited together from footage captured over the years by its principal subject, Viktor Bout – the model for Nicolas Cage's character in Lord of War – the movie is briskly paced and even-handed in its presentation of the material. We may ultimately doubt the conduct of the U.S. agencies that apprehended Mr. Bout in Thailand in 2008, but we never for a moment dispute the fact that Bout has done some very bad things in his life.
Except that we do see Bout (remember those cameras) in Bulgaria, setting up negotiations between African governments and Kalashnikov factories (looking for new clients after the dissolution of the Communist bloc). Perhaps he's not so innocent, after all. Or, perhaps, he simply has no moral compass, as numerous talking-head interviewees claim throughout the film. One of these subjects notes that, to Russians raised in the Soviet era, "biznizman" was always synonymous with gangster. If making money is inextricably linked with corruption, and you want to make money, then who cares if your clients are unsavory?
After the terrorist attacks against the United States in 2001, however, everything changed for Viktor. The Americans applied enough pressure on Bout's clients and on the United Arab Emirates – where he still ran his original business – that his business collapsed and Dubai revoked his residency permit, forcing him to return to Russia. No longer so young, nor so fresh, Bout found himself at the mercy of his friends' charity, unable to make money as he had before. For the next 7 years, he remained out of the international spotlight – with the exception of the Nicolas Cage film and the 2008 book Merchant of Death: Money, Guns, Planes, and the Man Who Makes War Possible. But U.S. Government agents never forgot about him, and their search forms the spine of the movie. The irony is that by the time they caught up to Bout, he had long since ceased to be a menace. That and the fact that they may have engaged in entrapment lend the film its investigative edge.
It's an impressive piece of work. With well-shot interviews and interesting interstitial graphics, the movie lays out its story clearly and without editorial commentary. The voices we hear are Bout's (voiced by an actor), Bout's wife, various other family members and business associates, and the DEA agents who caught him. This is a model of how all such cinematic profiles should be compiled, and I highly recommend.


text:
The Gitchi-Gami State Trail is a multi-use recreational trail in development along the North Shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota, USA.   Planned to extend  from Two Harbors to Grand Marais, the trail currently comprises five unconnected segments.  The route will be situated primarily along state-owned right-of-way for Minnesota State Highway 61, with deviations for greater scenic diversity.  "Gitchi-Gami" is an anglicization of the name for Lake Superior in the Ojibwe language.

Description
The longest completed section runs  from Gooseberry Falls State Park to the town of Beaver Bay, passing through Split Rock Lighthouse State Park on the way.  Another  segment runs from Schroeder to Tofte through Temperance River State Park.  The trail resumes at the other side of Tofte for a  segment that goes to Lutsen.  Lastly there is a  completed segment outside Two Harbors and a  section leading into Grand Marais.  New sections are under construction during the summer of 2011, with others in planning stages.

References

External links
 Gitchi-Gami State Trail
 Gitchi-Gami Trail Association

Hiking trails in Minnesota
Protected areas of Cook County, Minnesota
Protected areas of Lake County, Minnesota
Minnesota state trails


The vessel, called the Aegean, was participating in a race from Newport to Ensenada, Mexico, when it was reported missing Saturday.
For the second time in a month, sailboat crew members have died while racing off the California coast.
Two weeks ago, five died when their 38-foot boat was swamped by two waves near the Farallon Islands, 27 miles from San Francisco.
And now, four crew members are believed to have been killed when their 37-foot-boat disappeared Saturday on a race between Newport Beach and Ensenada, Mexico. The regatta sponsors believe the sailboat collided with a "much larger vessel" although theU.S. Coast Guard has yet to determine a cause.
But despite these two tragedies, statistics kept by the Coast Guard indicate that even though the waters off the West Coast are heavily used by recreational boaters, merchant ships andU.S. Navyvessels, accidents are exceedingly rare.
In 2010, the last year for which statistics were available, there were six accidents involving recreational boaters reported to the Coast Guard three miles or more into the Pacific Ocean -- with only one fatality. By comparison, there were 18 accidents in the Atlantic.
Sailboat accidents are similarly rare, according to the same report, with eight deaths reported nationwide in 2010. Racing deaths, regardless of the kind of boat, are also rare. Two deaths and 19 injuries were reported nationwide in 2010.
By comparison, there were 10 deaths of kayakers and more than 300 in motorboat accidents nationwide.
A spokesman for the Coast Guard said the agency urges all boaters to file a "float plan" with a family member, neighbor, marine operator or park ranger. Details can be found at www.floatplancentral.org.
The three most common causes nationwide for fatalities among recreational boaters are alcohol, hazardous waters and operator inattention, according to the Coast Guard.
For the Newport-to-Ensenada race, organizers kept track of the 200-plus boats with an online tracking system. The Aegean disappeared about 1:30 a.m. Saturday.
Saturday afternoon, three bodies were found amid a debris field near the sparsely populated Coronado Islands about 15 miles south of San Diego. The yacht's transom was found floating. On Sunday, the Coast Guard and Mexican navy continued to search for a fourth crew member.
The fatalities are the first ever recorded in the 65 years that the annual Newport-to-Ensenada race has been run, race organizers said.
This story was reported by Times Staff Writer Tony Perry in San Diego.


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I recently read Everyday Enlightenment: The Twelve Gateways to Personal Growth by Dan Millman. In summary, if you think you need to read this book, you do, and if you don't think you need to read this book, you still probably do.I first started to read this book in late 2008, shortly after I had separated from my ex-wife. Unfortunately, the opening chapter hit just a little too close to home for me to continue at that time, which is a shame, because the painful parts were over in just a few pages, and then the good stuff started to come out.
The book identifies the twelve gateways to everyday enlightenment, dedicating a chapter to each. The chapters sequentially give you tips and advice on how to discover your worth, reclaim your will, energize your body, manage your money, tame your mind, trust your intuition, accept your emotions, face your fears, illuminate your shadow, embrace your sexuality,� awaken your heart, and finally, to serve your world.
While some of the chapters resonate a little more than others, every one has great pieces of advice which I wished I'd highlighted on my first read through so I could incorporate them into daily reminders. The book is very well-written and eye-opening. As mentioned in the previous paragraph, it covers nearly all aspects of life, and it highly inspirational.
I look forward to re-reading this book soon, and plan on making it a gift to several friends in the coming year.


text:
Rudolph Bruun (født 18. juli 1820 i København, død 24. marts 1906 på Stenalt) var en dansk godsejer, far til Jørgen Bruun.

Han var søn af Anette Christiane Lange og Peter Christian Bruun til Stenalt, som faderen havde købt i 1842, og som han selv overtog i 1847. Bruun var desuden ejer af Kokkedal Slot i Nordjylland fra 1870 til 1881. Han var kammerherre og hofjægermester.

29. september 1847 ægtede han i Fausing Kirke Christiane Mette komtesse Scheel (27. september 1828 på Gammel Estrup - 6. juni 1910 på Stenalt), datter af lensgreve, premierløjtnant Christen Scheel (1792-1844) og Christiane født Pind (1796-1855).

Kilder
Danmarks Adels Aarbog 1943.

Godsejere fra Danmark
Kammerherrer fra Danmark
Hofjægermestre fra Danmark
Danskere i 1800-tallet
Danskere i 1900-tallet
Personer fra København


A selection of The Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod 2012's best Commonwealth performers were invited to perform in The Commonwealth Carnival of Music at Westminster Hall, including choirs from Canada, South Africa and Australia and a dance troupe from India.
In addition, line-up included the Commonwealth Youth Orchestra, Ngāti Rānana Maori Choir who brought the Haka to Westminster, a Welsh Male Voice Choir and The Watoto Children's Choir. There was also be a rare opportunity to see The Parliament Choir whose members include Lords, MPs and other members of Westminster Staff.
Entertaining the audience on stages around the hall during the afternoon before the formal concert in our Croeso Carnival (Welcome Carnival) were BT Melodians Steel Orchestra, The Abraham Darby School Showband from Telford and The Hartley Morris Dancers.
Our Carnival hosts were Baroness Floella Benjamin, TV Presenter, Huw Edwards and Bite The Ballot's Michael Sani. The official proceedings were heralded by a lone piper, from the Pipes and Drums of the London Scottish Regiment and a special letter of best wishes from HHR Prince Charles was read by Lord Alan Watson of Richmond.
We are grateful to all the performers and volunteers who generously gave their time to make this such a memorable day.
Thanks also go to Barrie Neil Photography and Ben Rogers for photographs of the event.
We hope you enjoy looking at the photographs in this gallery.
If you wish to use any of the images you find on our website please contact us regarding copyright and permissions.


text:
Should I reuse variables?
I know that many best practices say you should not do it, however, later, when different developer is debugging the code and have 3 variables that look alike and the only difference is that they are created in different places in the code, he might be confused. Unit-testing is a great example of this.
However, I do know that best practices are most of the time against it. For example they say not to "override" method parameters.
Best practices are even are against nulling the previous variables (in Java there is Sonar that gives a warning when you assign null to variable, that you don't need to do it to call the garbage collector since Java 6. You can't always control which warnings are turned off; most of the time the default is on.)
code-quality coding-style variables
IAdapterIAdapter
Since Java 6? You never needed to assign null to variables in any version of Java. When a variable goes out of scope, it releases the reference to its object. – Kevin Panko Oct 21 '11 at 14:53
re-using of variables is one of the first thing that code-obfuscators use – Lelouch Lamperouge Oct 21 '11 at 15:33
Variable re-use conflicts with choosing decent identifiers for your variables. In modern languages there aren't really any advantages to variable re-use that outweigh the benefits of having good identifiers. – Joren Oct 21 '11 at 19:26
Also note that not all reuse is reuse. Old FORTRAN programmers, even those that have drifted off to other languages, routinely use I,J,K,L,M,N (or i,j,k,l,m,n) for all our DO-loop (for-loop) counters. We are used to seeing things like SUM = SUM + A(I,K) * B(K,J), or sum += a[i][k]*b[k][j];. – John R. Strohm Oct 22 '11 at 15:32
Reusing variables could be justified when programming microcontrollers with very limited resources (a few kBytes of RAM). – m.Alin Oct 26 '11 at 19:09
Your problem appears only when your methods are long and are doing multiple tasks in a sequence. This makes the code harder to understand (and thus maintain) per se. Reusing variables adds on top of this an extra element of risk, making the code even harder to follow and more error prone.
IMO best practice is to use short enough methods which do one thing only, eliminating the whole problem.
Péter TörökPéter Török
what about unit-testing? for example I need to test if after executing the method for the second time it still works as expected. – IAdapter Oct 21 '11 at 8:11
@IAdapter, unit test code is a different issue, where the standards may be more relaxed than for production code. Still, making it readable and easy to maintain is high priority. You can (and should) extract methods from your unit tests as well, to keep them short and easy to read (and to eliminate the need to reuse variables). – Péter Török Oct 21 '11 at 8:17
@IAdapter, for the scenario you described I would not reuse a variable. The appropriate thing would be something like result1 = foo(); result2 = foo(); Assert.AreEqual(result1, result2); I'm not seeing a lot of places where you'd need to reuse a variable in this case. – JSBձոգչ Oct 21 '11 at 14:31
@IAdapter for(int i=0;i<2;i++) {result=foo();assertEquals(expectedResult,result);} – Bill K Oct 21 '11 at 23:07
+1 - this is a good code smell for when to make smaller methods. – user1249 Dec 29 '11 at 10:11
Variable reuse in a method is a strong sign that you should refactor/split it.
So my answer would be that you shouldn't reuse them, because if you do then it would be that much harder to refactor it later.
Thanos PapathanasiouThanos Papathanasiou
Some variables might be created exactly for the purpose of holding a certain kind of data, which can change during the execution of a function. Return codes come to mind here, for example:
void my_function() {
HRESULT errorcode;
errorcode = ::SomeWindowsApiFunction();
if (FAILED(errorcode)) { /* handle error */ }
errorcode = ::AnotherWindowsApiFunction();
The variable name makes it very clear what this variable is intended to store. I think other usecases such as this are possible, where a variable is conceptually a container which is logically used by different instances of very similar things during the course of a function.
In general, however, this should be done only in circumstances where it is absolutely clear to possible readers of the code. In no case, except maybe extreme optimization with no regard to code legibility, should a variable be reused just because the type fits.
All of this basically follows from good practices in variable naming. Names should speak for themselves. If it is difficult to put the exact purpose for all re-uses in a short name, it is best to just use distinct variables.
Felix DombekFelix Dombek
The biggest reason I don't reuse variables (especially in unit tests) is because it introduces an unecessary code path, one that is hard to test and debug. A good unit test should be independent from other tests and when you reuse class (instance) level variable in a unit test fixture you have to ensure to assert on their state before each test. A good unit test also isolates defects so in theory each test case (method) should only assert 1 behavior for the system under test. If your test methods are written like this there is rarely a need or benefit to reusing a method level variable. Last, in languages that support closures and asynchronous processing, it is really hard to reason about what the hell is going on if you are reusing variables throughout a method.
sbrentonsbrenton
so I should write test methods like -testSomething and assert for single method invocation -testSomethingTwoInvocations and asserts for only second invocation? – IAdapter Oct 21 '11 at 9:19
Yes. It helps you pinpoint if it's the first or second iteration that failed. mspec may help for this, its inheritance tree will be very useful. – Bryan Boettcher Oct 21 '11 at 15:37
If you use "variable" when you mean "class variable" or "instance variable" then you need to express yourself more clearly. – gnasher729 Jul 6 '17 at 10:30
You should use different variables. If you are worried that your colleague will be confused, give them names that clearly cover their roles.
Re-using variables is a likely source of confusion in the future; better to clear it up now.
In some cases, the same variable name can be re-used; for example i in a simple counting loop. In these cases, you should of course make sure that the variables are in their own scope.
EDIT: Re-using variables is sometimes a sign that the Single Responsibility Principle is violated. Check to see if the re-used variable is used in the same role. If it is, it may not be re-use at all (although it may still be preferable to have two different variables, to restrict the scope of said variables). If it is used in different roles, you have an SRP violation on your hands.
S.L. Barth - Reinstate MonicaS.L. Barth - Reinstate Monica
There is one situation in which you may want to reuse a variable regardless of the great advice given by other answers: when your compiler needs a helping hand.
In some cases your compiler may not be clever enough to realize that a certain register-allocated variable is no longer being used by the next part of the code. Therefore it will not re-use that theoretically free register for the next variables, and the generated code may be sub-optimal.
Note that I don't know of any current mainstream compilers that fail to catch this situation correctly, so never, ever, ever do this unless you know for a fact that your compiler is generating sub-optimal code. If you are compiling for special embedded systems with custom compilers, you might run into this problem still.
Joris TimmermansJoris Timmermans
-1 unless you can point to a real-world situation where this actually happens, and where reusing a variable makes an appreciable difference. This is a theoretical solution to a theoretical problem, and not a very good one at that. Where the compiler decides to put variables is the compiler's concern; if your compiler generates poor code, and if it really makes a difference, then fix or replace the compiler. – Caleb Oct 21 '11 at 15:35
@Caleb - you do not always have access to the compiler source code for the platform you are developing on, especially for proprietary embedded platforms. I also DID say in my answer that I don't know of any current mainstream compilers (or interpreters/VMs in fact) that do not correctly perform this liveness analysis in all cases that I've looked at. However, I have worked on proprietary embedded systems with custom compilers that were very bare-bones in the past (10 years ago or so). The system was very limited in capability, and so was the compiler, so this situation did occur there. – Joris Timmermans Oct 25 '11 at 7:55
+1 I did exactly such a reuse in past project (highly optimized media code written in ANSI C). As far as I recall the difference was easily visible in assembly and measurable in benchmarks. Never ever did and hope that will never ever have to do such a reuse in Java. – gnat Oct 25 '11 at 13:45
@Caleb fixing or replacing the compiler may not be an option for a number of reasons, and you simply have to make do with what you have. – user1249 Dec 29 '11 at 9:59
@ThorbjørnRavnAndersen Is it conceivable that one might be forced to use a lousy compiler, and furthermore that performance might be so critical that you need to second guess the compiler and manipulate your code in order to reuse a register? Yes. Is it likely? No. MadKeithV agrees that he can't provide a real world example. Is it a best practice? Is it good style? Is it an indicator of code quality? Definitely not. Is this a useful answer to the question as written? Due respect to MadKeithV, but I don't think it is. – Caleb Dec 29 '11 at 13:23
I would say NO.
Think about this scenario: your program crashed and you need to work out what happened by inspecting a core dump... can you see the difference? ;-)
fortranfortran
If your core dump is from an optimized build, it may have the variables share memory anyways. So that's less helpful then it might be. – Winston Ewert Oct 22 '11 at 3:03
of course, an optimized build is not very useful for debugging! but in any case you still have the option of using a debug build... And when you have the debugger attached, you don't need to go step by step from the beginning of a function to see how the variables change, because they don't! :-D – fortran Oct 22 '11 at 11:04
No, you're not improving the code that the machine is running (... the assembly code). Leave reusing whatever memory the compiler uses for the variable to the compiler. Quite often it's going to be a register, and reusing bought you nothing. Focus on making the code easier to read.
RawbertRawbert
It depends. In a dynamic language, where type resides on values rather than variables then if I had a well-named argument to a function that, for example, was a string. I a change in algorithm meant that it was always used after being interpreted as an integer, then, as a first draft I might do the equivalent of
scrote = int(scrote)
But I would eventually look to change the type sent in to the function and note the change in parameter type.
Paddy3118Paddy3118
Putting a line like "scrote = int(scrote)" in the middle of a long batch of code is a great way to drive maintenance programmers crazy. – jhocking Oct 21 '11 at 16:07
The issue is more likely to be with the "long batch of code" you mention. – Paddy3118 Nov 11 '11 at 20:42
Well as the accepted answer notes, reusing variables is only really an issue with long batches of code. Basically, in any situation where you would write something like "scrote=int(scrote)" I would prefer to put int(scrote) in a new variable, or better yet pass int(scrote) to a new function. – jhocking Nov 12 '11 at 15:14
First, look at your development environment. If you have problems debugging because you have five variables in different scopes with identical names, and the debugger doesn't show you which of these variables is the one you need, then don't use five variables with the same name. There are two ways to achieve this: Use one variable, or use five different names.
Your debugger may also make it painful to debug a function with many variables. If a function with 20 variables is harder to debug than one with 16 variables, then you might consider replacing 5 variables with one. ("Might consider" is not the same as "should always").
It's Ok to have one variable used in multiple places as long as the variable always has the same purpose. For example, if ten function calls return an error code, which is handled immediately for each call, use one variable and not 10. But don't use the same variable for completely different things. Like using "name" for a customer name, and 10 lines later using the same variable for a company name, that's bad and will get you into trouble. Worse, using "customerName" for a customer name, and 10 lines later using the same variable "customerName" for a company name.
Importantly, nothing is an iron rule. Everything has advantages and disadvantages. If "best practices" suggests one thing, and you have reasons to say that it's a bad idea in your specific situation, then don't do it.
gnasher729gnasher729
It's Ok to have one variable used in multiple places as long as the variable always has the same purpose. For example, if ten function calls return an error code, which is handled immediately for each call, use one variable and not 10. There is one problem with this: Usually, the compiler will tell you when you use an uninitialised variable. But here, if you read the error code after call 6, but the variable hasn't actually been changed after call 5, you will get useless data without the compiler warning you. Because the variable has been initialised, with data that is now useless.
Use global variables when you need to maintain a state or store constants. By reusing variables you are only reusing the name that points to a location in memory. Descriptive names on initializations can only win you clarity (Assuming Java and no primitive OCD).
Unless you're into code obfuscation by hand or irritating other developers.
Adam Lear♦
JunoAJunoA
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This Beaded Leather Wrap Bracelet is handmade Picasso finish Seed bead and brown distress leather cord. The focal point of this women's bracelet is a Daisy button plum with gold accents Czech glass Button closure. Combine unique brown leather, Ivory and Opaque red garnet seed bead, and a gold brass spacer beads. This bracelet measures 7.5" inches to the of the Button. Please measure your wrist carefully. Although your item will resemble the photo, each piece is created by hand, so no two are identical.
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A couple of weeks back was the National Reconciliation Week. Did you participate in any events? I went to some to learn more about the Aboriginal and Torrens Island cultures and see how our nation is united. On this note, many people from overseas asked me what is typical Aussie cuisine. I cannot answer – Is it Aussie barbecue our national dish? OR modern Australian typical enough to stand for Australia? OR perhaps any dishes using our native plants and meat?
When comes to dishes using native produce, Red Ochre is the most famous to go in Adelaide. Nested together with the River Cafe, the restaurant specialise in using native produce in all sorts of dishes.
This venue is also participating in the Festival of Food 2018 program. Diners can choose to a 3-course menu featuring a tasting platter, one main each and a share petit fours.
However, for people who wants to experience their menu more, the Chef's Feed Me Menu is available at $50 each. We went to Red Ochre a couple of weeks back to experience the menu and it was such a feast!
This was Tina's drink on the night. Drinks are not included as a part of the food menu.
The Chef's Menu contains snacks, entrees, sorbet, mains and desserts. Below are the snacks that we had on the night.
Spencer Gulf prawn tom yum on shrimp cracker – The very fresh prawn was pleasant on the palate and being "tom yum" it gave the slight chilli, fragrant and creamy flavour. Combined with the crunchy shrimp cracker, it is really great to start the dinner with.
Smoked Mussels, whipped fetta and pickles on toast – This was my favourite appetiser. The smoky flavour of the mussels and the toast worked well and the whipped feta improved both the creamy flavour and the mouthfeel. The pickle is very refreshing too. Highly recommended.
Streaky Bay Oysters, samphire and fingerlime – This dish is a good showcase of native plants in modern cuisine. The so-fresh oysters combined well with the fingerlime, which has higher acidity than lemon, to give a much more fragrant flavour on the palate. The samphire looked like caviar and added slight saltiness to the dish as well. This dish also highly stimulated our appetite too. Recommended.
After the snacks/appetisers, the dinner moved onto entrees, which exhibited more native produce.
This was my favourite entree on the night. I never thought emu meat can be so tender and moist that it melt in the mouth with less chewing. Over the years, I have tried alpaca, crocodile, horse, venison, kangaroo and wallaby meat but none of them had similar feeling and experience as the emu fillet. Served rare (maybe blue), the emu pan fillet was very delicate and exhibited plenty of flavours which led me to continuously bite! The muntries added refreshing fruit flavour while the eucalyptus really lifted the flavour. I am a big fan of salt bush as it added salty flavour without the need for salt. Highly Recommended!
The second entree is a crocodile dish.
No feast with native ingredients is complete without crocodile in Australia, isn't it?! As you can see from the ingredients and the presentation, this dish had very strong influence from Asian cuisines. Crocodile after deep frying tastes like chicken and the other ingredients provided saltiness and peppery flavour while the watermelon and cucumber added the freshness and fruit hints.
This lamb cannot get any better! The extremely moist lamb was deep fried but the meat was soft, off the bone and melt in the mouth with balanced amount of fat and meat. It is not greasy but rather it felt like to have a splash of fragrant of oil on the palate. The bush tomato relish is a highlight to add the acidity to equilibrate the fat content. Recommended.
After the three entrees, a palate cleanser, Parsley sorbet with frozen yogurt was served. It cleaned the palate quite effectively and removed any fat or spicy flavours from the entrees that left on the palate.
The mains are coming… On the night we had three mains, a kangaroo, a barramundi and a pumpkin dish.
This is a must try dish! The kangaroo was grilled to perfection. Served med-rare the meat was still pink and was so tender and delicate in the mouth. It maintained the succulent kangaroo flavour while the charred leek and eucalypt smoked mash added creaminess and the smokiness, taking the dish to a completely different channel. The beet flavour and its slight sweetness really balanced the meaty flavour well. Most importantly, I did not need to add any salt! Highly recommended!
The second main course was the Barra.
The fresh barra fillet was pan-fried and served with greens and leeks. The skin was as crispy as possible while the white flesh was soft and easy to break. The fish itself has already been well seasoned. It worked very well with the leek which has been caramelised to give the charred flavours. The puree added thicker mouthfeel and the rivermint fragrant, making every bite a pleasant journey.
This is a pure vegetarian dish. The pumpkin was smoked with redgum and the flavours and smell have been diffused into the flesh. The cherve added creaminess while the crumb added slight acidity and sourness. All flavours worked well by itself but did not excite me personally as a whole. If you have it with the other main dishes, this may improve the flavour and later I heard from the waiter that this was what the dish was designed for, Be sure to accompany it with the other two dishes.
At this point, Tina and I were more and full and we soon found there were more to come – a dessert and petit fours.
This dessert was sooooo good! I am not praising for it but it really has the wow factor. The cream was full of macadamia flavour and the disks was crunchy with fruit fragrance. The quandong yogurt sorbet provided sweetness and freshness on the palate and this really lifted this dish onto the next level. Highly recommended!
Petit Fours – The lamington really made my day! 😀 Sweet and fruity!
As you can see, native ingredients are actively used in recipes of this venue. They make better flavours and improve dishes and their tastes significantly. If you are keen, why not try yourself? Otherwise, I would strongly recommend all of my local readers to try to cook with Australian native produce – there is a lot to be investigated!
All the food sounds yummy!! Photography so beautiful and gorgeous!!
I must try this this restaurant. Thank you.


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The Last Child is a suspense thriller by American novelist John Hart. It was first published in 2009 by Minotaur Books.

Awards and distinctions
2010 Edgar Award winner for Best Novel
2010 Anthony Award nominee for Best Novel
2010 Barry Award winner for Best Novel
2009 Crime Writers' Association Ian Fleming Steel Dagger Award winner for best thriller published in the UK
New York Times best seller
Kirkus Reviews starred review

References

2009 American novels
American thriller novels
Edgar Award-winning works
Minotaur Books books


"The theory proposed in these pages might seem, to any rational mind, to have emanated from an imagination heightened by an abuse of Bacchic libations," writes Dr E Maury, in his epic work of bonkers medicine Your Good Health!. And he's not wrong.
Fully 21 years after its publication in English – Dr Maury is, as his prescriptions make pretty clear, French – I received an email from a marketing person at the publishers, Souvenir Press, asking if I'd like to read it. This is unusual enough in itself. Marketing people tend to lose interest in something within six months of its coming into existence, and here was someone still plugging away half a working lifetime later. As it happened, I did want to read it. This, after all, is a book that promises to reveal "the medical benefits of wine drinking", and that is something that my conscience could really do with knowing all about.
Happily, one of the book's first conclusions is that a person who weighs 11 stone, eats a balanced diet and exercises moderately can safely consume a litre of light wine – around 10% alcohol – every day. "But normally, in view of the sedentary life most of us lead nowadays, wisdom dictates that we should limit ourselves to three quarters of a litre of wine at 11% strength," he writes. "For women, the optimum amount should not exceed half a litre." I'm a fair bit heavier than 11 stone, and go to the gym several times a week, so even though real wine normally weighs in at between 12% and 14%, in my case a full bottle per day should be absolutely fine. A doctor says so. I have read the relevant passage to my wife.
In Mauryworld, drinking wine with food is not just acceptable, but basically mandatory. "A meal washed down with tap water is an unfortunate error in taste and a grave dietary error" which can not only cause indigestion but also has a "negative influence at a psychological level which may encourage a tendency to pessimism and introspection". Add to that the fact – and I use the word "fact" in the loosest possible sense – that modern urban living, which "forces most people to eat out at least once a day … most often in a hurry, amid jostling crowds … swallowing at record speed foods pre-cooked in the bowels of vast industrial kitchens … affects the balance of the autonomic nervous system and leads to a condition of stress". A sandwich and a couple of glasses of water once sounded like a perfectly normal and probably reasonably healthy lunch. Now I know it's a recipe for a life of stress, pessimism, nervousness and introspection, I'll be sure to sit down each day to a proper luncheon with a couple of glasses of wine and a sneer in the direction of the unenlightened stressballs scurrying nervously past on their way to Pret a Manger.
So now we know wine is healthy in a general sense, we need a few specifics. So let's take the wines of the Medoc, which seem to be the most medically efficacious of all. They're great for curing diarrhoea, thanks to their generous tannins which "tone up the smooth intestinal muscles and help to restore the rhythm of contractions" (sweet Vouvray is the drink of choice for the constipated – "a quarter of a bottle per meal is an effective and reasonable dose"). The Medoc's wines also have a healthy dose of phosphates and iron, which promote the elasticity of your stomach muscles (though not as much as Champagne, No2 on the Maurylist of all-time most healthy wines – "the expulsion of gases through the mouth bear witness to this"). Other good reasons to stock your cellar with Bordeaux: it "supplies patients with vitamins", "plays some part in purging the blood of cholesterol" and "slows down the production of histamine", plus it's also handy when you're suffering from a virus, because of the ferrous oxide and organic phosphorous, and the "oenotannins which give it antibiotic properties". So when you've got a virus, or if someone you know has one, or if you're worried about catching one, half a bottle per day of a decent Bordeaux – or a Beaujolais, apparently – is mandatory.
If I had a criticism, it would be that Maury has a tendency to use as evidence convenient quotes from people who wrote in the 17th century or earlier – the opinions of Pliny the Elder, say, or St Paul, whose medical knowledge probably doesn't stand up to the most rigorous of modern examinations. And the language can be a little bewildering, suggesting it was written a lot more than 21 years ago. Take this, for example: "In countries where oenology has an honoured place, people would not dream of eating a meal, however modest, without the accompaniment of one or more glasses of the potion that is sacred to Bacchus." You what?
And if I'm being really picky, I'd probably pick up on the fact that Maury is "a homeopathic doctor" which – and I don't want to traduce any honourable homeopathic physicians here, and there may be some – is a phrase that my brain immediately translates as "the kind of doctor who makes stuff up". Britain's chief medical officer, and the 2010 House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, are united in considering homeopathy to be "scientifically implausible". Well stuff them, I'm going to force myself to plause it. This is my kind of science. Now where's the corkscrew? I've hardly had a glass all day, and it's nearly lunchtime. Lives are at stake here.
You can buy the book second hand via Amazon here.


Young Democrats host a town hall meeting featuring candidates Jessica Critterton for councilwoman, David Horton for mayor, and, their special guest of the evening, Anthony Flaccavento for Congress.
In pursuit of Virginia's 9th congressional seat, Flaccavento is going up against Rep. Morgan Griffith in the upcoming elections.
However, this is now his first time running. In 2012, he lost his bid for the seat due to his status as an environmentalist – which made him realize might have made some people apprehensive.
Some issues he is looking to address have to do with organized labor and unfair laws that make creating or joining unions difficult, non-disclosure agreements between the employer and employee that may encourage sexual harassments, net-neutrality, and the 2018 GOP tax bill.
Flaccavento is a big advocate for student debt relief, and he wants to overturn the measure in the tax bill that would affect existing relief programs.
"Student loan debt relief is on the chopping block. We don't have nearly enough options right now as it is. Because of those tax breaks, we may have even fewer." Flaccavento gave this as one of many ways the current laws are not helping ordinary people.
"Wouldn't it be delightful if the economy worked for humans?" Flaccavento rhetorically asked of his audience.
He was very impressed with the walk-out protests about gun control. While he wants to be clear that he supports the second amendment, he also says that something must be done.
"We have had a policy now for about twenty years that is basically to do nothing." His plan to help prevent further tragedies involves stronger background checks and providing better mental health services.
Talking about the things he was passionate about, Flaccavento said, "For me, the single most important issue, with a lot of close seconds and thirds, is building a healthy economy." He believes firmly in the importance of hard work, and he wants a government that will provide a support network for people to succeed. That includes things like universal healthcare and support for entrepreneurs.
The floor was opened to questions from the public soon after. Some points that were brought up had to do with the train system and bolstering infrastructure, a cycle of poverty in the area, prison systems, the opioid crisis, as well as funding for space travel.
Flaccavento leaned progressive on most of the issues stating how he wanted to be a congressman to all, not just a select few.
"You must simultaneously do well with all age groups," he declared, adding on to how his campaign strategy required everyone to be, "psyched, fired, worked up and going to the polls" on May 1st for local elections and June 12th for congressional district primaries.
However, when it came to space travel, he was skeptic.


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<TITLE>
CommentJsonConverter
</TITLE>

<META NAME="date" CONTENT="2014-04-08">

<LINK REL ="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../../../../../stylesheet.css" TITLE="Style">

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ca.ualberta.cmput301w14t08.geochan.json

Class CommentJsonConverter

java.lang.Object
  ca.ualberta.cmput301w14t08.geochan.json.CommentJsonConverter

All Implemented Interfaces:
com.google.gson.JsonDeserializer<Comment>, com.google.gson.JsonSerializer<Comment>

public class CommentJsonConverter
extends java.lang.Object
implements com.google.gson.JsonSerializer<Comment>, com.google.gson.JsonDeserializer<Comment>

Handles the serialization and deserialization of Comment objects
 to and from JSON format.

Author:

Artem Herasymchuk

Constructor Summary

CommentJsonConverter()

Method Summary

 Comment
deserialize(com.google.gson.JsonElement json,
            java.lang.reflect.Type type,
            com.google.gson.JsonDeserializationContext context)

          Deserializes a Comment object from JSON format.

 com.google.gson.JsonElement
serialize(Comment comment,
          java.lang.reflect.Type type,
          com.google.gson.JsonSerializationContext context)

          Serializes a Comment object into JSON format.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail

CommentJsonConverter

public CommentJsonConverter()

Method Detail

serialize

public com.google.gson.JsonElement serialize(Comment comment,
                                             java.lang.reflect.Type type,
                                             com.google.gson.JsonSerializationContext context)

Serializes a Comment object into JSON format.

Specified by:
serialize in interface com.google.gson.JsonSerializer<Comment>

Parameters:
comment - the Comment to serialize
type - the Type
context - the JSON serialization context

Returns:
A JsonElement representing the serialized Comment.

deserialize

public Comment deserialize(com.google.gson.JsonElement json,
                           java.lang.reflect.Type type,
                           com.google.gson.JsonDeserializationContext context)
                    throws com.google.gson.JsonParseException

Deserializes a Comment object from JSON format.

Specified by:
deserialize in interface com.google.gson.JsonDeserializer<Comment>

Parameters:
json - the JSON element to deserialize
type - the Type
context - the JSON deserialization context

Returns:
The deserialized Comment.

Throws:

com.google.gson.JsonParseException

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


You don't have to go wild with a new Volvo body kit, but if you want to, you can. We have great Volvo body kits that will add to the great Swedish lines of your car. Your car will look more distinguished when you add a few Volvo body pieces. A new body kit will have your car looking more aggressive and make it stand out in a crowd. No longer will you lose your car in a car park when you have a new body kit.
The first part that usually gets upgraded to look better is the Volvo front bumper. A new Volvo front lip will add great looks to the front of your car. A new Volvo bumper is just the first thing to upgrade on your car. Going back, your Volvo side skirts will be extended and made to make your car look lower to the ground. At the back is the new Volvo rear bumper that will really set off your car and make it look fresh.
The entire Volvo body add-on kit is going to exaggerate the lowered look of your car. Without adding any suspension components or bigger wheels, your car will look much better and more menacing. If you need your Swedish people carrier to haul around your friends and luggage, then a new body kit will let you do that in much better style.
We carry all the best additions to make your car better looking. If you want to make your car wider, we have some great looking Volvo fenders to push your wheels out to the very edge of your car. Or you can upgrade your Volvo door sills to make getting in and out a more enjoyable experience. Your Volvo will really look great with some new body parts on it. A new Volvo body kit is a great way to make your car stand out.
Buy Volvo Body Kits for your Volvo. Your Volvo can really be improved with aftermarket or custom Body Kits.


Ying The Label was founded by Ying in November 2014. This emerging local fashion label seeks to design everyday pieces that highlight individuality through self-designed prints and patterns.
It has not been an easy journey prior to the start of Ying The Label as Ying did not have experiences in fashion retailing despite her ardent passion for the industry. She then decided to leave her first job in the finance sector to seek employment in a fashion retailer to learn the ropes. To better equip herself for her dreams, she took up sketching and sewing courses at the same time despite her hectic work schedule.
After much preparation, Ying started her label after she left her second job at the fashion retailer. However, being a full time fashion designer does not satisfy Ying's quest of learning. She then pursued a corporate development job in a listed company and never looked back. Ying enjoys her full time job as she is able to work on different job scope, interact with people and hence develop skills that are essential for growing her business. Ying's never-say-die attitude and desire for personal development have translated into sweet successes within a short span since incorporation.
Ying The Label was invited to strut the runway on the influential Digital Fashion Week (DFW) in Singapore in October 2015 and the Mercedes Benz Stylo Asia Fashion Week (MBSAFW) in Kuala Lumpur in November 2015.


text:
Arsenal, Liverpool & Spurs want Ceballos
Harry Kettle in English Premier League, Transfer News & Rumours 4 Jul 2019
According to a recent report from Marca, three major Premier League clubs are interested in signing Real Madrid midfielder Dani Ceballos – Arsenal, Tottenham Hotspur and Liverpool. The 22 year old put on a string of impressive performances for Spain during the recent European U21 Championship, and could be set to leave the Bernabeu on loan during the summer transfer window. There is believed to be interest in Ceballos from his former club Real Betis, though, who are more than willing to take him on loan.
Arsenal and Tottenham will likely be the two clubs out of the three that would be more urgent in trying to get a deal done, but that doesn't mean we should rule out Liverpool as they attempt to go after the Premier League title in the wake of their Champions League triumph in Madrid.
Either way, it doesn't seem like Ceballos is destined to stay beyond the summer.
Harry Kettle
Harry is a University of Worcester graduate who has been writing professionally for the last two years. He specialises in several sports such as MMA, pro wrestling and athletics, with football being his primary love. He continues to dream of a life in the Premier League as a Wolves fan.


Over £1000 worth of prizes to be won – making this their biggest ever giveaway!
Please read the competition T&Cs before entering.
The Miners Return pub in Kimberley have produced a Dare to Bare charity calendar. Regulars from the pub, including the Nottinghamshire Senior League's Fixture Secretary, Chris Cliff, have come together to raise money and awareness for Prostate Cancer UK.
Of the 250 that were originally printed there are only about 100 left. They are available from the Miners Return or from Chris himself (chriscliff8@gmail.com / 07940 522324) priced at £10 each.
The calendar has been sponsored by various local businesses who covered the cost of printing, which means all of the £10 price goes straight to Prostate Cancer UK.
Read more in the Eastwood & Kimberley Advertiser here.
For the past three years the Nottinghamshire Senior League have been developing referees in conjunction with Nottingham Forest Academy. In a new and ground-breaking initiative we have now kindly been offered an evening of fitness and conditioning by the academy on 20 December, 7-8.30pm.
This is aimed at match officials, from those who are currently just learning their trade through to those on a contributory league, who operate at a grassroots level on a Saturday and Sunday.
Spaces for this unique opportunity are limited. Mentors are also invited. Please contact Referees Secretary Darrell Parkes to register your interest.
Euro Soccer Company is delighted to announce that an agreement has been made for us to co-sponsor the Nottinghamshire Senior League.
The three year deal, which will be ran as a joint collaboration with Samba Sports, will see the league renamed to the Samba Nottinghamshire Senior League with Euro Soccer Company acting as the official retail partner to the set up.
Each team has been provided with two Samba Infiniti match balls (International Match Standard) which were distrubuted at the recently held club meeting at Eastwood CFC by employees James England and Jordan Ruck.
As part of the ongoing pledge, Euro Soccer Company will be supporting the league with monthly prize awards (i.e. fair play, team performances), regular equipment giveaways and exclusive deals on Samba Football equipment as well as Joma Sports match kit and teamwear. We not only hope that this will take some of the financial strain off of the clubs within the establishment, but also to create further interest in the Nottinghamshire Senior League.
We're looking forward to building a strong and healthy relationships for a number of years to come.
Clubs looking to purchase new equipment, kits or clothing are actively encouraged to contact our helpful sales team on 01332 666 595 or to email info@eurosocercompany.com for further details.
Why not visit our showroom? Open weekdays 9.00am until 5.30pm. 14 Nottingham Road, Borrowash, Derby, DE72 3FL.
Andy Frawley is a retired semi-professional footballer, however nowadays you will find him either running the streets of Nottingham or cycling on the roads across the county in a bid to keep fit and raise funds for Prostate Cancer – a charity very close to his heart. In 2013 Andy's father told him he had prostate cancer, as you can imagine he was devastated by the news and automatically thought the worst. Andy, by his fathers' side, watched him fight and beat this horrible disease. All of this was made more bearable by the fantastic support from the team at Prostate Cancer UK.
The Nottinghamshire Senior League (NSL) also lost long serving and popular referee Andrew Rolph to cancer earlier this year. As a show of solidarity, the three Nottinghamshire referee societies (Newark, Mansfield and Nottingham) have agreed to volunteer five referees from each society to take part in a penalty shootout during NSL finals day on Saturday 12 May, with Andy as the goalkeeper. All the societies have agreed to donate to the charity and this will be topped up by an equal donation from the NSL Referees Society.
His latest challenge is taking part in the Football to Amsterdam bike ride in association with Prostate Cancer. This involves cycling a gruelling 145 miles from Barnsley to Amsterdam over the weekend of 1-3 June 2018. The bike ride is backed by the FA and League Managers Association, and last year raised an incredible £600,000. The whole purpose of the challenge is to raise funds and awareness to beat a disease that kills one man every 45 minutes – a truly shocking statistic. Sadly Andy's dad passed away in 2014, so he will be completing the bike ride in his memory.
Andy will be completing the challenge with a team of 14 guys from across Nottingham – Team Ding Dings. The team has currently raised just over £17,500 at the time of writing and are sitting second in the league table of fundraisers for the Barnsley start of the ride.
So, as well as hoping to stop the referees scoring in the half time penalty shootout, Andy is hoping to stop prostate cancer killing one man every 45 minutes. Every penny raised today and from the bike ride, will go towards life changing research. This will help towards one day eliminating this horrible disease through research into earlier detection; and also supporting families at their time of need. Every penny counts so please give generously today – you will be helping to save lives.
If you would like to donate online, please visit Andy's Just Giving page.
The officials will be staying in a hotel at Nottingham University with a fitness session on Friday afternoon/evening, followed by a briefing on Saturday Morning on the sin bin initiative before leaving for their games. Saturday evening will see them indulge in a culture exchange in Nottingham city centre; Sunday morning will see them ply their trade at the Nottingham Forest Academy who are hosting Leeds United FC.


Welcome to the introductory KnowEm Social News Digest! Every once a week or so we plan to send you the latest breaking news in Social Media. There's no shortage of changes happening in the social world, so it's important you as a brand stay on top of it. This week we have a bombshell from Pinterest, and some very interesting acquisitions by Google and Twitter.
In my experience (and I am in one of the most popular Google Plus niches: Search and social media), Google Plus has a huge potential of connecting you to influencers and sending traffic to your site.