text:
No Radical Changes In Russian Cabinet
Bryan MacDonald has covered PM Mikhail Mishustin's new Cabinet in detail at his RT blog, so I'll avoid repeating the listings there and widely available elsewhere.
Despite the heavy import of Putin's proposed Constitutional changes, the actual change in the Cabinet has been negligible. Sergey Shoigu, Sergey Lavrov (contra initial rumors), and Vladimir Kolokoltsev (see my translation of an interview with him several years back) remain in Defense, Foreign, and Interior Ministries, respectively. So no change in the three most important "power" positions in the Cabinet after the PM.
Anton Siluanov stays as Finance Minister, even if replaced as First Deputy PM by Andrey Belousov. The latter is harder on Russia's comprador oligarchs, constantly coming up with proposals to tax them more. But he is no Sergey Glazyev, who is a genuine Soviet nationalist. Reminder that monetarist hardliner Elvira Nabiullina remains chairwoman of the Russian Central Bank.
And as I have also pointed out, Mikhail Mishustin is himself – in addition to being a wise investor who appears to have honestly become a millionaire in the 2000s, and a skilled technocrat – an economic liberal. He rationalized the land registry system in Russia before taking up his long stint as head of the Federal Tax Service, and in a recent interview he came out against abolishing the flat income tax in favor of progressive taxation on the grounds that the latter are "inefficient" and irrelevant in Russia's context.
So I don't know in what world this is some kind of handover of power from "Atlanticists" to "Sovereignists" as some have described it.
It's not the converse, either. Two notable people who left include Vladimir Medinsky and Olga Vasilyeva, the Culture and Education Ministers, respectively. (As well as the hapless and scandal-wracked Deputy PM and former Sports Minister, Vitaly Mutko). They are outspoken, in the case of the former often comically so, conservatives. Contra Bryan MacDonald, they are not nationalists; they don't call themselves such, neither do actual Russian nationalists. Even so, Medinsky – who has also had his share of scandals, including a plagiarized PhD dissertation – is being replaced by a direct protege, Olga Lyubimova (right)*. Who had been responsible for doling out money to pro-Orthodox films. Meanwhile, Medinsky himself becomes Putin's cultural advisor, so it's hardly a major demotion.
Vasilyeva's replacement is Sergey Kravtsov. He is not a conservative hardliner like his predecessor (though nor is he a liberal), but what he does have is some major real world successes, having played a central role in suppressing cheating in the Unified State Exam, closed 1,500 higher education institutions that functioned as degree mills, and – as will surely be welcomed by many readers of his blog – has pushed Russia to play a more active role in international standardized tests such as TIMSS/PIRLS, PIAAC, ICCS, and PISA.
So no major change in the center of gravity towards "liberalism" (or whatever) either.
Here's a simpler explanation – who stayed, and who went, was significantly dependent on their actual… performance. There are two polls I could find on this topic, though unfortunately both are a bit dated. They are a FOM poll from June 2018 (at the beginning of Medvedev's Second Cabinet) that asks people whether the Minister in question did a good job or not; and a series of VCIOM polls asking people to give each Minister a score out of 5, although unfortunately that series only runs up to 2017.
Nonetheless, assuming that the relative assessment scores/rankings haven't changed cardinally since then, and assuming that popularity in opinion polls proxies performance…
People who stayed:
Defense Minister Shoigu: 50% positive, 2% negative = +48% (FOM); 4.58 (latest VCIOM poll)
Foreign Minister Lavrov: 44% positive, 3% negative = +41% (FOM); 4.65 (latest VCIOM poll)
Interior Minister Kolokoltsev: 6% positive, 5% negative = +1% (FOM); 3.59 (latest VCIOM poll)
Energy Minister Alexander Novak: 4% positive, 4% negative = +0% (FOM); 3.68 (latest VCIOM poll)
Demoted:
Finance Minister Anton Siluanov: 4% positive, 9% negative = -5% (FOM); 2.99 (latest VCIOM poll)
People who left:
Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova: 5% positive, 13% negative = -8% (FOM); 3.22 (latest VCIOM poll)
Education Minister Olga Vasilyeva: 4% positive, 8% negative = -4% (FOM); 3.31 (latest VCIOM poll)
Culture Minister Vladimir Medinsky: 3% positive, 7% negative = -4% (FOM); 3.24 (latest VCIOM poll)
Economic Development Minister Maxim Oreshkin: 2% positive, 7% negative = -5% (FOM); 3.06 (latest VCIOM poll)
Justice Minister Alexander Konovalov: 1% positive, 4% negative = –3% (FOM); 3.04 (latest VCIOM poll)
Well, you get the idea.
I know this sounds really radical, but perhaps the perceived performance of Ministers in office plays some role in whether they stay on or not, as opposed to how Atlanticist or Sovereignist PUTLER feels on any particular day.
Incidentally, the biggest discussions and memes on Runet about the Cabinet reshuffle have centered around orthothot Olga Lyubimova, who has a rather interesting background.
Photo from 2008: "Who are you people? What do you need? I don't know you. Go fuck yourselves."
As a waifu, perhaps quite Poklonskaya tier.
But very low genetic load regardless. Great great grandfather was the governor of the Vologda Governorate under Alexander III, while her great grandfather was the legendary actor Vasily Kachalov.
She also perhaps blogged too much in her youth, including one particularly powerful post from 2008 where she admits to hating museums, opera, ballet, and classical music. Sounds like an excellent qualification for the Ministry of Culture, but some beg to differ.
JPM says
Seems like boring technocratic centrism.
Will Russia ever have a Nationalist government?
She also perhaps blogged too much in her youth, including one particularly powerful post from 2008 where she admits to hating museums, opera, ballet, and classical music.
Exactly what you need from your Culture Minister.
Maïkl Makfaïl says
The promotion of Belousov is the only good news in all this debacle. This government is 90% neo liberal ( i heard that Kravtsov is a kind of a " reformist" technocrat too , he has a reputation of being obsessed with the worst fashionable pedagogical practices in global neo liberal institutions) . So dummy putin still fails to understand that the cause of all Russia's problems is precisely this neo liberal path that he chose over the advices of real economists. Sad Sergey Glazyev isn't listened to more too. Sad for Russia, which is probably saying good bye to high growth rates and technological reawakening ( at least for the next years)with this government of short-sighted accountants and dwarfs who , aside from keeping low inflation rates and public debt are interested in nothing. As a man living in France they pretty much remind me of the kind of elites we have had in France and Germany or Italy for the last decades and that brought us to the situation we find ourselves today in Europe .Putin will be remembered as a neo liberal Brejnev and thats probably the only nickname he really deserves.
Ludwig says
Seems Putin has rolled out two related but distinct initiatives.
Proposals to amend the constitution to increase role of the legislative branch to run Government, while keeping a weaker Presidency still in place to ensure sovereignty is not compromised and potentially along with a formalized State Council to set broad strategic social, economic and foreign/military objectives for the Government to execute/ operate under.
A Government led by proven, widely admired technocrats to competently execute the current objectives, most immediately the demographic/economic issues and the related 12 National Projects.
A feature about these newly ascended technocrats seems to be that they are apolitical without too much overt ideology defying easy political labeling. Their task is to execute to show results to targets that have been communicated , and not to politik too deeply or beyond the minimum needed to execute.
At a meta level, Putin wants to – or at the very least wants to be seen to want to – bring change that Russians increasingly desire, but in an evolutionary and not revolutionary way.
Ultimately the success of all these proposals are going to be not just about measurable economic numbers, but how people feel about how things are going, something that Putin acknowledged in his Federal Assembly address was a key metric.
Wouldn't you want Germany on your teat? To know that you can nourish or strangle it?
One need only see a German water-heater to see how serious they are about "green" energy. And if they are such violent atomophobes, then they are probably scared stiff of aloha snackbars targeting liquefied gas terminals.
Illiterate sovok like Glaziev was never going to bring about "technological awakening". More likely we would get something that looks like Bolivarian socialism.
Russians are generally clueless about economics, with attitudes that resemble South America. The prospect of a populist Russian government implementing popular economic policies scares me. I've come to see neoliberalism as the lesser evil.
Two notable people who left include Vladimir Medinsky and Olga Vasilyeva, the Culture and Education Ministers, respectively. (As well as the hapless and scandal-wracked Sports Minister, Vitaly Mutko).
Mutko was already out at that position. Pavel Kolobkov succeeded Mutko, with Oleg Matytsin succeeding Kolobkov, as part of the recent Russian government cabinet changes.
Economics aside, in foreign policy, the Western neolib influenced mindset is more detrimental to Russia's best interests, when compared to someone like Glazyev.
The comments in the Russian internet that I've seen are really unhappy about Siluanov staying as finance minister, and I don't know how much of a demotion is losing the vice premiership. In the same vein, this Belousov guy seems to be a vice prime minister without a ministry of his own, so that also looks like it's more symbolic than practical.
Olga Lyubimova is based, and her take on culture really is powerful. Hopefully we can see great and brave things from her – imagine for example an anime industry developing in Russia instead of boring operas or whatever. True men of culture will appreciate.
Standardized national testing is a good thing, one of the few schooling interventions observed to have a positive impact on student performance in international assessments.
Weren't people saying this because of the newly suggested double citizenship and 25 year rule ?
That'd cripple the Atlanticist core, it'd also damage the Oligarch and the high ranking Sovok descendants since none of them like living in the Russia that their parents created
imagine for example an anime industry developing in Russia instead of boring operas or whatever
Russian Zoomers can be giant weebs, it wouldn't be that shocking
Hard to get solid numbers on it since Russians, like all E. Euros, are free software and media visionaries
Although the taste of the average Russian and Jap are obviously quite different
What people usually associate with anime (overblown fights, big tits, idiotic romance plots, homosexuality and pedobait) isn't the most popular in Russia, instead it's the more down to earth (by Japanese Anime standards) stuff
Simple "slice of life" shows, comedies, western style cyberpunk and historical series (IE Samurai)
Another reliable way to tell if some show is popular in Russia is if it mentions Russia, has a Russian character or takes place in Russia
Darker than Black, part of it is set in Vladivostok
Girls und Panzer, has a tank team parodying the USSR (a show which actually had crossover promotion with the game War thunder, developed by the Russian studio called Gaijin Entertainment)
Here's them singing Katyusha in Engrish equivalent of Russian
A show called "How Heavy Are the Dumbbells You Lift" which features a character who is a Russian weeb who decides to move to Japan after watching Anime and Jackie Chan movies
Ahem
There's also this
https://cs.phncdn.com/insights-static/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/maps-pornhub-insights-2019-year-review-most-viewed-categories.png
I guess it's proof of the Triune Rus Nation theory 😀
Said people were interpreting the Cabinet reshuffling in these terms. Which is not the case, as I hope I've shown here.
Citizenship law is separate from this, and can indeed be interpreted as a future filter on Atlanticists and crypto-Atlanticists coming to power.
mal says
On Nabiullina – she saved Russia. Putin should buy her flowers and chocolate, and build her a solid gold statue (thanks to her Russia's got gold to spare).
Sure people complain she is hard and chokes economic growth. But countries that are not part of reserve currency club don't get the option of printing without inflation. And it's a club Russia wouldn't want to be a part of anyway.
Solid monetary base is vastly more important for Russia than a percent or two of fake GDP growth for a couple of years. And what's inflation in Russia now? 3%? And that's with sanctions shmanctions.
Once the base is established and people actually trust the money, then print away. And indeed, this has been accomplished, thanks to Nabiullina.
The real controversy here aren't her bog-standard warmed-over NPC takes, it's her cringeworthy spelling and grammar mistakes. ("Sograda Familia", really??)
Saaker, covering this same information, seems to feel that Putler on most days seems to feel Sovereignist or Eurasanist as he puts it and that the new makeup of cabinet members favors this orientation, leaving Medvedev "boxed in".
I would say that the Eurasian Sovereignists have finally secured their full control over the Russian state and that the demise of the Atlantic Integrationists is now a new fact of life.
No surprise here. Sometimes when I'm shopping at the supermarket, I easily substitute in meat filled potstickers for pelemeni. Pirogis are definitely more an Atlantacist sort of thing.
Medvedev associates got Justice and Economic Development, so perhaps Medvedev is still a player.
He's now head of the Security Council, which is probably a promotion compared to being the Prime Minister.
Apparently Iran is not the only country Americans have difficulty locating on a map . . .
Belarus is perplexed by Trump's proposed travel ban
Two years ago, US president Donald Trump closed US borders to citizens of seven countries. Now, seven other countries across the world are rumored to be added to the list in the coming days, according to the Wall Street Journal.
Speaking to reporters on Jan. 22 at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, Trump said he would widen what was already "a very powerful ban" to improve national security. "We're adding a couple of countries" to the ban, he said, adding: "We have to be safe. Our country has to be safe." He did not confirm which countries would be affected or to what extent.
A leak from administration officials to the Journal, however, revealed countries under consideration are reported to be Eritrea, Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania—and Belarus.
Kovar says
If hope Belousov can follow through with his previous ideas regarding the nationalization of Russian natural resources.
Oleg Deripaska: "US created 7 million jobs in 3 years, job opportunities for women, sexual minorities, and people with disabilities have been expanded. 12K new companies created"
"I immediately remember our Central Bank, which can only boast about the destruction of 2.5 mln jobs"
A Jewish oligarch resorting to Critical Theory rhetoric, namely, "power to women, homosexuals, and minorities". Mind you, "women" is universal and includes white women, in this case, ethnic Russian women). Who's left out?
I didn't know Deripaska's political leanings, well, his liberasty is pretty clear now. When Putin goes away, it will be people like Deripaska who will control the Russian rule-making process, with all it implies, now that Putin is destroying the vertical power structure that keeps the parliament submissive to the Kremlin.
Patriotic corruption by Kremlin insiders means that the bribes dolled out by the West and rootless oligarchs are pennies for them. For members of parliament, many of whom will not serve past one or two terms, these bribes and the 'job opportunities' awaiting them outside of government are very enticing indeed.
Probably high percentage of visa overstays (this why Nigeria made the list). And unlike Poland and Ukraine, Belarus isn't an ally.
The President is the head of the Security Council, not Medvedev, his mere deputy.
Ukraine isn't a US ally. A useful idiot, perhaps. That said the decision is certainly to be applauded.
Deripaska is a genuine weirdo from the stories I have heard about him. He's not particularly influential and unlikely to become so.
Visa overstays you say. I'm thinking of the reasons. Must be all the poverty and oppression from the regime, surely AP?
Only this is FAKE NEWS, actually Belarusians have a very low visa overstay rate:
Travel from Belarus to the US is already quite limited: Approximately 20,000 Belarusians received visas to travel or move to the US in 2018, according to the US State Department. More than 17,000 of these travelers were on short-term B-1/2 visas, issued to people seeking the right to travel to the US for business or tourism. It's rare for citizens of Belarus to overstay their US visa term, with an estimated visa overstay rate of about 4%.
https://qz.com/1789425/why-is-belarus-being-considered-for-a-us-travel-ban/
Also the assertion that US visas are distributed only to 'allies' is baseless.
The Belarusian pov:
For Belarus, the ban, if it comes to fruition, would be a surprising step, Hanna Liubakova, an investigative journalist based in Minsk, told Quartz. "We kind of all agree here in Belarus, from political analysts to journalists, that it might be a mistake," Liubakova said. "It doesn't seem like a planned step, so much as a kind of technical error."
Mike Pompeo, the secretary of state, announced yesterday he would be traveling to the country in February. The two countries also announced plans to reintroduce ambassadors to one another's countries for the first time in a decade. The travel ban looks like a step in the other direction, Liubakova noted. "Instead of helping the country to integrate, to warm its relationship with the West, the US is doing the opposite."
No, Hanna. It's PUTLER moving his peons in the Trump admin so Lukashenka feels the urge to welcome the Russian embrace. /jk
Ukraine isn't a US ally.
It is considered so by Americans from across the political spectrum.
A useful idiot, perhaps
Extreme state idiocy ended in 2014
I was just guessing about visa overstays.
It's rare for citizens of Belarus to overstay their US visa term, with an estimated visa overstay rate of about 4%.
Which is double the average of 1.9%:
https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/18_0807_S1_Entry-Exit-Overstay_Report.pdf
Oh yes, that's when Ukraine stopped being nice with Russia, hence, stopped being 'idiot', right?
The wise state of Ukraine is one where Joe Biden can threaten your country's top prosecutor if he dares investigate his son's sinecure in the Ukrainian energy sector, totally due to merit and nothing to do with access to his father's ears, of course.
Ukraine got hundreds of millions in aide in exchange for dropping a corrupt prosecutor.
Is Ukraine a US Ally?
Not among the US foreign policy realists. As for the ones you bring up, they aren't going to war with Russia over Ukraine. Blowing hot air isn't the same.
Ukraine was slated to get that aid, before Biden made his corrupt quid pro quo. In terms of being corrupt, the same has been reasonably said of the succeeding prosecutor.
Hence, it' about a corrupt US VP looking to cover his family.
As for the ones you bring up, they aren't going to war with Russia over Ukraine. Blowing hot air isn't the same.
Providing hundreds of dollars in military aide isn't "blowing hot air."
CIA provided anti-tank rockets to Al Qaeda proxies in Syria as well. This caused actual Russians to materialize on the battlefield, and both Al Qaeda and CIA are regretting that move today.
I understand why US does it – Raytheon has Congress on payroll. But Ukraine won't even see this money. They won't even get a chance to steal some of it. All Ukraine gets is more dead Ukrainians.
After Ilovaisk and Debaltsevo, and especially now, when Ukraine and Russia are at least trying to make peace noises, US military aid strikes more of a curse than a blessing.
Glazyev has a PHD in economics , member of the Russian Academy of Science and member of the government since Yeltsin at least. I dont know what allows you to say he is illiterate. Especially that he is far from the only economist to support a keynesian strategy for Russia. Russian néoliberals on the other hand always brought nothing but disaster for the Russian economy ( and for the economy of every state on the Earth btw). They are proved incompetent.
South America is indeed another place where their disastrous legacy can be contemplated. One only need to look at what mess Macri put Argentina in to measure the extent of their incompetence.
The russians are not more clueless than any other people. They just know where their interests lie . And "popular economic policies " is how Russia got its 15 years of high growth from 1998 to 2012 to begin with.
We can ask ourselves what value those "international assessments " really have though .
It's wasting money on a false premise, as has been eloquently noted by Tucker Carlson among other Americans.
Schiff is off his rocker with the spin of how arming Ukraine is to avoid fighting Russia closer to home (US). Ukraine is better suited for other aid that actually goes to needy Ukrainians as opposed to the likes of Joe Biden's son and a former Polish president.
Raytheon backs huckster Schiff:
https://search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?hspart=dcola&hsimp=yhs-001&type=gsp_lovelytabff_00_00&param1=1&param2=cat%3Dweb%26sesid%3D2d4d2e9bf96dc36cb86ccd676a68e975%26ip%3D72.68.156.52%26b%3DFirefox%26bv%3D72.0%26os%3DWindows-7%26os_ver%3D6.1%26pa%3Dgencoll22%26sid%3D5a7ab0964a2ec490046601dc5c727ceb%26abid%3D%26abg%3D%26a%3Dgsp_lovelytabff_00_00%26sdk_ver%3D%26cd%3D%26cr%3D%26f%3D%26uref%3D&p=adam%20schiff%20raytheon
Schiff's Blatant Lie Unchallenged
Re: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZaYnD63tPs
Refer to the 16:15 mark, showing Adam Schiff falsely saying that Russia has killed 15 thousand in the civil war on the territory of the former Ukrainian SSR.
Laura Ingraham has plenty of company when it comes to US mass media elites not picking up on Schiff's lie.
In reality, that roundabout 15,000 figure includes those killed as a result of action taken by Ukrainian government forces and those loosely affiliated with it. To a considerable extent, the civilian tally in this conflict involves the indiscriminate attacks undertaken by this grouping.


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Gene Drives Found to Work in Mice for First Time
Scientists working at the University of California have developed a form of gene drive to control the inheritance of multiple genes in mice. Until now, such technology has been limited to the control of inheritance in insects only.
Festival of Genomics 2019 – The State of Genomics Today
The introduction of multi-omic research, the advancement of AI and machine learning to improve nearly every aspect of sequencing and data analysis, are just some of the big changes that will only become more prevalent in the future. We spoke to Angela Douglas MBE, Scientific Director of Genetics Laboratories at Liverpool Women's Hospital, for her opinions on the changing nature of genomics and the trends to watch out for.
Sir John Chisholm and Professor John Mattick to Leave Genomics England
Genomics England has announced the appointment of Jonathan Symonds CBE as its new Chair to replace Sir John Chisholm, who leaves the organisation on 29 January 2019. Genomics England's CEO, Professor John Mattick, is also stepping down to be temporarily replaced by Genomic England's current Chief Scientist, Professor Mark Caulfield.
Festival of Genomics 2019 – Festival Highlights
With so many talks and panels occurring across our four stages and Live Lounge, we understand that it can be pretty hard to pick out the most unmissable discussions at the festival this year. Given the conundrum, we thought we'd help out! We've selected a couple of talks and panels occurring across the two days which we think will be incredibly interesting and enormously informative for a whole range of people.
Festival of Genomics 2019 – The War against Rare Diseases: An Interview with Nick Sireau
Front Line Genomics was created with a social mission after our founder lost his father to mesothelioma, a rare form of cancer commonly caused by exposure to asbestos. That's why we thought it so important to showcase Nick Sireau, who co-founded the AKU Society to combat the disease, and is now about to finish a seven-year study into a drug which play a major part in eradicating AKU altogether.
Festival of Genomics 2019 – The Importance of Data Integration in the Pharma Industry
Data integration has been one of the major trends of the last few years, and one which will become ever-more important as the life sciences sectors progress further. Dr. Maya Ghoussaini, Genetic Analysis Team Leader at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, and Dr. Denise Carvalho-Silva, Scientific Outreach Lead at EMBL-EBI, both working at Open Targets, here discuss the importance of this process, and their own work within the realm of data integration.
"Switch Mechanism" in CRISPR Could Prevent Unwanted Side Effects
A new study published in Cell magazine and co-authored by CRISPR pioneer Jennifer Doudna has suggested a potential solution to the unwanted side-effects of using CRISPR in the body. The study details using a "switch" mechanism which could keep the Cas9 enzyme turned off until it reaches its target site.
Chronomics Secures $1.12 Million in Seed Funding
Chronomics a healthtech company which allows individuals to track their health and wellbeing through epigenetic information, has received £1.12 million in seed funding after launching the company last year.
Five Reasons you Should Be at the Festival of Genomics London 2019
We know it's hard to believe, but right now there are still some people who haven't made up their minds to come to the 2019 Festival. Lucky for them we plan for every eventuality, and have prepared the five main reasons everyone should be registering their place at the event right now.
Festival of Genomics 2019: The Survival Guide
With just under two weeks till the festival, it's time to start thinking logistics. The more scatter-brained of our readers needn't worry, however: we've got everything you need covered in this handy guide, whether it's things to remember before you arrive at the festival, the best things to do once there and the last couple of things to remember when it's all done.
Genetics Unzipped: A New Science Podcast Exploring the World of Genes, Genomes and DNA
Genetics Unzipped, a new fortnightly podcast from the UK Genetics Society, has launched ahead of the society's centenary celebrations throughout 2019. Presented by award-winning science writer and former Naked Genetics/Naked Scientists podcast host Kat Arney and produced by First Create The Media, Genetics Unzipped will bring you a wide range of stories from the world of genetics, genomics and DNA.
Neural Network Identifies Possible Syndromes from Facial Profiles
A Boston biotechnology company has built a neural network which examines the overall elements of the human face and compiles a list of the ten genetic syndromes that person potentially has, possibly helping medical professionals narrow down the diagnosis for that individual.
First BabySeq Results are Out – But is the Testing Worth It?
The first results of the BabySeq Project, a study to determine whether deep dives into infant DNA could uncover more diseases, and whether making this procedure routine after childbirth would be worth it, have been published.
New AI Models Can Predict Severity of Cancer Symptoms
A new AI program can predict the symptoms of a patient's cancer and their severity of the course of treatment.
CRISPR Study Determines Science of DNA Replication Timing
A CRISPR study has determined how DNA times its own replication, something which until now has been unknown to scientists.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Reserve your space now for a three-day Ernest Hemingway inspired event that features food, drinks, stories, boating, fly-fishing and other Hemingway favorites, including his daughter-in-law Valerie Hemingway and the head of the Michigan Hemingway Society.
Friday April 29 marks the start of this three-day event package featuring a meet-n-greet with Valerie Hemingway, who was Ernest's personal assistant and daughter-in-law.
The meet-n-greet will also feature John Cohassey, a Hemingway author and Chris Struble, President of the Michigan Hemingway Society.
The Friday night event will feature Hemingway inspired drinks and hors d'oeuvres compliments of the Walloon Lake Inn.
Saturday April 30 includes a guided tour of Horton Bay and a boat tour of Walloon Lake that visits some of Hemingway's favorite haunts.
In the evening guests will enjoy a "Nick Adam's" Feast at the Walloon Lake Inn accompanied by tales of Hemingway as seen through the eyes of his personal assistant.
Sunday wraps up the weekend long Hemingway celebration with the "Sun Also Rises" breakfast at Barrel Back and a fly fishing demonstration on the Bear River to honor the opening of trout season in northern Michigan, a favorite past time of Ernest Hemingway.
Come experience the area that Hemingway enjoyed as a young man and fondly referred to as "The Last Good Country" in his writing.
For more information and to book your reservation please call (231) 535-5000.


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Raiding the Booster Club
Booster Gold #23
The award for most eye-catching cover of the week goes to this issue of "Booster Gold." When was the last time you saw DC or Marvel do a photo cover on one of their mainstream books? It don't happen often. (And no, no idea who the cover model is. Might be Dan Jurgens' wife, maybe? Or daughter… How old is Dan Jurgens anyway?) (UPDATE: Luke in comments informs us that the cover model is Blair Butler from G4TV's "Attack of the Show." Feh, you media-savvy youngsters! FEH!)
Aaaaanyway, Booster and Skeets have completely failed to save the Teen Titans, so they take the late-arriving Raven on a trip into the future (How's that supposed to keep the Titans from getting killed? Quiet, you!) to see what the ultimate result is — the four-eyed interstellar demon Trigon the Terrible takes over the world and kills the JLA! It's all part of a scheme by the evil time-traveling Black Beetle and his mysterious benefactor to do, um, something evil. Meanwhile, Booster, Skeets, Raven, and Rip Hunter meet up with the alternate-future versions of Zatanna and Kyle Rayner, who are part of the rebellion against Trigon. Booster sacrifices himself to keep the rebels' base hidden, but ends up facing Trigon all by himself.
Our second feature, of course, stars the Blue Beetle, who is running around with his friends Paco and Brenda battling a robot disguised as a woman named Maria. She was built by your standard robot-building mad scientist, who considers her his masterpiece because he gave her the ability to feel emotions. But Maria hates having emotions, and she wants her "dad" to take them away. Can the Beetle stop Maria and her army of killer robots before it's too late?
Verdict: It's not that bad, all things considered, but the plot is a lot more illogical and random than seems to be normal, even for your stereotypical comic book. Running around in the future isn't going to keep the Titans from getting killed in the past, so why even bother?
The Blue Beetle story, of course, is pure thumbs-up. Very funny dialogue and great action. The Beetle should have never been cancelled.
Secret Six #12
Wonder Woman shows up on Smyth's slaver island, and she thinks the Secret Six have killed former fill-in Wonder Woman Artemis (She's actually okay, but Wondy doesn't realize that). While it initially looks like none of them can go toe-to-toe with Wondy, Jeanette eventually manages it, despite getting beat like a rented mule, when she fully activates her powers as a banshee, turning into a carbon-copy of the Silver Banshee, making Wondy relive Jeanette's gory death-by-botched-decapitation, and reducing the Amazon to a drooling vegetable. And even that isn't the scariest thing on the island — before long, we meet Smyth's horrific patron.
Verdict: Thumbs up. As always, excellent dialogue and art, but the creepy factor really gets cranked up high in this one. Jeanette's transformation and her memories of her death are pretty disturbing, and Smyth's crucified but still scary friend is unnerving, just by his sudden appearance.
Sir Edward Grey, Witchfinder: In the Service of Angels #2
Sir Edward is on the trail of the monster that attacked him and is murdering people around London. While investigating another murder, Grey finds himself invited to the rotten side of town to meet a man called the Captain, a low-rent, barely legal occult detective. The Captain has an inkling about what's going on, and he takes Grey to meet a medium — the real deal, able to summon an ectoplasmic spirit guide, who offers a small lead in the case and gives Grey a warning about a mysterious spectral figure stalking him. But Grey has other mysterious stalkers to worry about — the demonic bloodsucking monster is still on the prowl.
Verdict: Thumbs up. Very moody, spooky scenes on display throughout here. The medium and her spirit guide are simultaneously wholesome and creepy, and the suspense level gets turned up nice and high by the end.
August 14, 2009 · Filed under Blue Beetle, Booster Gold, Secret Six, Witchfinder
Luke Said,
The cover model is Blair Butler. She is G4TV's AWESOME comic critic on Attack of the Show. She also hosts the podcasts Fresh Ink and Geek Out. http://g4tv.com/attackoftheshow/hosts/blair-butler.html
Scott Slemmons Said,
Man, I need to get a TV.


Lehrbeauftragte an der Justus Liebig University Giessen.
Teaching at Justus Liebig University, Giessen.
Graduation at Justus Liebig University, Giessen with a thesis on interference in advanced English interlanguage (Interlanguage Pragmatics).
Research assistant at the department of Teaching German as a Foreign Language (DaF) (Chair Prof Dr. Rösler).
Research assistant at the department of English Linguistics (Chair Prof. Dr. Mukherjee).
Research assistant at the department of Teaching English as a Foreign Language (Chair Prof. Dr. Legutke).


text:
Aldeia de João Pires é uma aldeia e paróquia do município de Penamacor, actualmente com 11,13 km² de área e 195 habitantes (2011), e  densidade populacional era 17,5 hab/km² - está agora agregada segundo a reorganização administrativa de 2012/2013  União das Freguesias de Aldeia do Bispo, Águas e Aldeia de João Pires.)

De natureza produtiva fundamentalmente agrária, a actividade agrícola, alguns poucos serviços e a emigração são a referência económica. Culturalmente a aldeia distingue-se desde o início do séc. XX pela sua actividade e polo musical.

A Aldeia de João Pires é provavelmente a principal na região na resistência anti-republicana pós 1910 liderada pelo Padre José Maria Lopes Nogueira.

População

Património
 Igreja Matriz
 Museu Paroquial da Aldeia de João Pires
 Capelas de São Miguel e do Espírito Santo (e calvário)
 Casas dos Taborda, de Oliveira Monteiro, do Dr. José M. R. da Costa e casa paroquial
 Fonte de mergulho romana
 Estação arqueológica de Tapado Cabeço
 Cruzeiro do Espírito Santo
 Cruz do Rebolo
 Sequóias
 Casas senhoriais

Equipamentos públicos
 Centro Social Paroquial da Aldeia de João Pires – valências de Centro de Dia e Apoio Domiciliário
 Extensão de Saúde
 Polidesportivo
 Salão Polivalente
 Museu Paroquial de Aldeia de João Pires

Antigas freguesias de Penamacor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Do you want to bring more locally and sustainably produced food to your area?
By Ed Mitchell 2nd June 2010
Growing Communities – a social enterprise based in Hackney, North London, is calling for groups and individuals to join their Start-Up Programme to set up new community-led organic box schemes across the UK.
If you are in a Transition Initiative/food group and are keen to get involved in trading and social enterprise, then this might be just the thing for you.
They are looking for up to five groups who want to use the Growing Communities' model in their own areas to help create a more sustainable and resilient food system. The deadline: June 18. For expressions of interest have a look on their site
The support programme will start in autumn 2010, and there will be an introductory workshop in July. We hope to help these five communities launch successful community-led box schemes from June 2011 onwards.
Growing Communities has run a community-led box scheme since 1993 – three friends, with no money but lots of enthusiasm, each recruited 10 of people and started working with one farm in Oxfordshire. The scheme now packs almost 1,000 bags of fruit and vegetables a week, most of which comes direct from local, sustainable farms. They also run the UK's only all-organic weekly farmers' market, the Stoke Newington Farmers' market, and have pioneered urban food growing – producing salad leaves for the box scheme on small market gardens in Hackney.
Growing Communities estimates that the box scheme and market combined now provide sustainably produced food to over 3,000 people in Hackney every week. At the same time Growing Communities' community-led trading outlets are a key outlet for 30 small-scale, local organic producers and processers. The organisation employs 24 people part-time and has a turnover of around £400,000. All of that income is self-generated.
"We know there are lots of communities and individuals all over the UK who understand that we need to act now to create the local food initiatives that are going make our food system more sustainable and resilient in the face of the challenges of climate change and resource depletion, "said Julie Brown, Growing Communities' director, "We know that our community-led box scheme works and provides sustainably produced food, support for local farmers and jobs in our community – we now want to see how It can work for other communities."
Growing Communities is developing the materials, training and web-tools with which to help other groups set up community-led box schemes over the last year. There is now a dedicated Start- Up website to show groups who are interested in joining the programme what is involved and how they can get started.
There will be a workshop on July 21st to start the process off and you need to get back to Growing Communities by June 18th if you are interested in joining them there.
Growing Communities has funded the programme through its own reserves and some additional financial support from UnLtd. For more information about the Start-Up Programme and to download and Expression of Interest form visit their website.


Thanks to transport companies, we can get in many places and travel far away. Of course, nothing beats a plane by its speed, but anyway, going "on wheels" has its charm. A transport logo is a sign of speed and best service. People must believe that you can deliver them to the right destination. Surely, do it with comfort and without breakdowns and accidents. Use the images of your transport in different ways, abstract or drawn, cars or trucks. Or any of its parts like wheels, helms, highlights, windshield with driver's figure, etc.
Take "technological" shades, like grey, the color of steel, black, and dark blue.
Be sure that by visiting our website and trying out Turbologo, you will easily find everything for making your own powerful transport logo!
We are talking seriously! Just click "Create" to be sure!


The BSc (Hons) in Tourism and Events Management programme combines the theory and practice of business tourism with a customer-service orientation to produce graduates who can perform in a variety of tourism industry positions. Graduates can progress rapidly to management level positions within this sector. This multidisciplinary programme prepares students for careers at the management level in the tourism, and the broader service industries, either locally or internationally. Students learn to be customer-focused, analytical and independent, and at the same time develop communication and leadership skills. They also gain a global perspective to meet the growing challenges that are faced by the dynamic tourism industry.
SHTM students enjoy diverse opportunities for international exposure and practical experience in their chosen professions and are recognised throughout the world for the calibre of their learning. The Student Exchange Programmes enable them to live and learn in another culture and country, Industry Placements let them gain knowledge and practical experience from some of the best names in the hospitality industry around the world, and Study Tours allow them to experience different styles of hospitality first-hand in exciting locations. The opportunity of learning and working at Hotel ICON, the School's ground-breaking teaching and research hotel, makes it all the more exciting!


Premier Road Carriers Ltd.(PRC) began operations in 1968 with a startup capital of Rs.100. What started with a Single Branch Operation in Kolkata, has today sprung into a Pan Indian Logistics Player having reach across the length and breadth of the country. With 45 years of experience and a market capitalization of over Rs.200 Crore, today we pride ourselves in specialization of Dedicated Transportation of Bulk and Over Dimensional Consignments. We are one of the few Logistics companies in the country which are Listed on a Recognized Stock Exchange. Satisfied customers drive our success. Established to service our customers specific logistics needs, PRC operates 35 strategically located self owned branches across India serving 2500 destinations.
We acknowledge your efforts & Services provided for safe & timely delivery of our valuable goods across multi locations.
Copyright © PREMIER 2013. All Rights Reserved.


It was created in 2003 by Sallie Burgess in front of the office where she works in downtown Pavo, GA. The very first haunted house consisted of 1 room, 1 strobe, and her husband with mask and chainsaw. The 2nd year grew to a couple rooms attracting more then in 2007 she was approached by her partner Kenneth Lasseter to join in on the fun then 2 years later we moved to the old school and here we are today!
so now you have the rest of the story!


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The 1970 Anglo-Italian Cup was the inaugural Anglo-Italian Cup competition. The European football competition was played between clubs from England and Italy and was founded by Gigi Peronace in 1970, following the success of the Anglo-Italian League Cup. The competition culminated in a final between Napoli and Swindon Town. Swindon won the competition after leading in the final which was abandoned before full-time due to violence.

Background
The Football League Cup was changed in 1967 so that the winner would additionally receive a place in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. However, when Queens Park Rangers won the final that year, they were in the Third Division and, at that time, UEFA did not allow third-tier teams to compete in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. When another Third Division club, Swindon Town, won the 1969 Football League Cup, the Anglo-Italian League Cup was organised as a way of compensating Swindon for the ruling that prevented them competing in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, and Swindon won a two-legged match against that year's Coppa Italia champions A.S. Roma. Following the popularity of that event, and as a way to generate income to pay players' wages during the extended close season caused by the 1970 FIFA World Cup, the first Anglo-Italian Cup was inaugurated the following season.

Format
For the competition there were six English teams: Swindon Town, Sheffield Wednesday, Middlesbrough, West Bromwich Albion, Sunderland and Wolverhampton Wanderers, and six Italian teams: Napoli, Juventus, Roma, Fiorentina, Lazio and Vicenza. These teams were split into three groups consisting of two English and two Italian teams each. Each team played against the two teams in their group from the opposing nation. Matches were played home and away with the first legs played in England and the second legs played in Italy. Two points were awarded for a win, one point for a draw, and a point for each goal scored. The team with the highest number points from each nation then contested the final.

Group stage

Group 1 games

Group 2 games

Group 3 games

Final team standings

Italian teams

English teams

Final

Swindon continued their spell of success with a comfortable victory to add to the 1969 League Cup and 1969 Anglo-Italian League Cup.

The game was marred by disturbances from the Napoli fans, resulting in two separate pitch invasions until finally – under a barrage of missiles – the referee abandoned the match after 79 minutes.

Trouble started when Arthur Horsfield scored Swindon's third goal in the 63rd minute. Disgruntled fans, angered at the home side's failure to check brilliant Swindon, hurled a fusillade of rocks and bottles on the field, prompting the police to retaliate with teargas. Groups of youngsters then started breaking up stones and wooden benches and hurling them over the wide moat and onto the pitch. A linesman was struck and the referee ordered the players towards the main stand as clearly it was impossible for play to carry on. The players had to run the gauntlet to escape to the dressing rooms and several Swindon players were struck by missiles. Horsfield, in particular, had a nasty bruise on his thigh. – Peter Sheldon

Swindon Town were awarded the trophy by Signor Orfeo Pianelli, vice-president of the Italian Football Federation.

Post game

The Swindon Evening Advertiser reported on the aftermath -

"A fanatical section of the 55,000 crowd incensed by the inability of Napoli to match the craft and finishing of Swindon Town, went berserk during the latter stage of the Anglo-Italian tournament final in Naples last night. They showered the pitch with beer bottles and stones and Austrian referee Paul Schiller called the players off 11 minutes from time" Reuters

Only minutes from the end of the game in Naples, with Swindon holding a comfortable three-goal lead, raging fans went on the rampage. Hundreds of concrete bench seats were torn up and smashed into small chunks which were thrown onto the pitch sending players and officials scurrying to the other side of the field for safety. Fires were started all around the stadium as the hooligans raged out of control. Bottles and blazing cushions were thrown as the match dissolved in chaos 12 minutes from full-time. Swindon Advertiser

"After the fighting, in which at least 40 police, including several officers, and 60 demonstrators were injured, police guarded the San Paolo Stadium. Police said they had arrested 30 people and had 11 others in custody for questioning. According to first estimates, rampaging spectators caused about £20,000 worth of damage to stadium equipment." Reuters

Notes

References

External links
 Anglo-Italian Cup 1970 at RSSSF
 Anglo-Italian Cup Winners 1969/1970 - swindon-town-fc.co.uk
 Swindon Town players memories of the final - Swindon Advertiser, 30 May 2000
Caught in time - reminisces of the tournament from The Times

1970
Anglo-Italian Cup
Anglo-Italian Cup
Football in Naples
20th century in Naples


The Rotkäppchen De-Alcoholised Sparkling Wine is a fresh and fruity alternative for all those who love sparkling wine but want to do with very little alcohol. In addition Rotkäppchen De-Alcoholised is a premium mixer for both alcoholic and non alcoholic cocktails and a perfect substitute for soda. At only 30 calories per serving you can indulge any time of day, every day. The selected wines are de-alcoholised in a very careful fashion to preserve the typical fine, fruity and full-bodied Rotkäppchen taste.


text:
Brachinite
Found 2007
A portion of a fresh, fusion-crusted stone weighing 180 g was found in Northwest Africa and subsequently purchased by M. Cimala in Erfoud, Morocco. A type specimen was submitted for analysis to Northern Arizona University (J. Wittke and T. Bunch), and NWA 4969 was classified as a new brachinite. This brachinite might be paired with other brachinites found in Northwest Africa during a similar timeframe (e.g., NWA 4042, 4872, 4874, 4882 [photo, the largest brachinite mass known], and 6349). Northwest Africa 4969 is a member of the oxidized subgroup of Crossley et al. (2020); see the NWA 3151 and NWA 11756 pages for more details about their classification scheme).
Northwest Africa 4969 is an olivine-rich (~97 vol%) dunite with a protogranular texture typical of this group. It has a bimodal grainsize ranging from fine- to medium-grained (0.1 mm to 1.2 mm). Other minor phases include high-Ca pyroxene (1 vol%), pyrite (1 vol%), and chromite (1 vol%), along with accessory clinopyroxene, K-poor sodic plagioclase (An34.6), Cl,F-apatite, and rare FeNi-metal. Similar to some other brachinites, very fine-grained assemblages of orthopyroxene and opaques (metal and sulfide) line some olivine grain boundaries, a feature that has been attributed to fluctuations in redox conditions (e.g., Rumble III et al, 2008). Several scenarios for the reduction of primary olivine were reviewed by Goodrich et al., 2017), including reaction with methane to form orthopyroxene + metal (Irving et al., 2013), and by sulfidization by a S-rich fluid or gas to form orthopyroxene + sulfide (e.g., Singerling et al., 2013). A petrographic and mineralogical investigation of several brachinites including NWA 4969 led Zhang et al. (2022) to conclude that these pyroxene-troilite intergrowths, as well as spatially associated chlorapatite (showing chromite exsolution and replacement by merrillite), are a byproduct of the sulfidization of olivine by a S-rich vapor during impact heating.
The formation age of the paired brachinite NWA 4882 was calculated by Dunlap et al. (2016) using the short-lived Mn–Cr chronometer. An absolute age relative to the D'Orbigny age anchor was determined to be 4.5502 (±0.0008) b.y. This is ~14.6 m.y. later than the formation of the type specimen for this group, Brachina, which has a Mn–Cr age of 4.5648 (±0.0005) b.y. (Dunlap et al., 2016). In addition, their study revealed that the ε54Cr value for NWA 4882 is similar to that of other brachinites, indicating they all derive from a common parent body which experienced a long duration of impact-heating. In a subsequent study, Dunlap et al. (2017) determined a very ancient Al–Mg absolute age relative to D'Orbigny of 4.5680 (±0.0005) b.y., possibly reflecting the time of partial melting of the source lithology.
Many of the known brachinites have disparate cosmic-ray exposure ages which indicates they represent numerous separate ejection events. As shown in a study by Patzer et al. (2003), the CRE ages of EET 99402/407, Hughes 026, and Eagles Nest form a cluster at ~48 m.y., and those of Reid 013 and ALH 84025 coincide at ~10 m.y. In a separate study by Ma et al. (2003), the cosmogenic nuclide calculations establish a range of CRE ages from 4 m.y. for Brachina to ~25.5 m.y. for Eagles Nest. From their noble gas analyses of 15 brachinite and brachinite-like meteorites, together with the literature values for seven others, Beard et al. (2018) identified three potential CRE age clusters. The oldest cluster reflects a possible ejection event that occurred ~49.9 (±4.1) m.y. ago comprising the six brachinites Eagles Nest, EET 99402, Hughes 026, NWA 4969, NWA 7605, and NWA 10637. Importantly, two of these CRE age clusters include both brachinite and brachinite-like meteorites, which attests to a common parent body for all of these meteorites (see diagram below).
Diagram credit: Beard et al., 81st MetSoc, #6170 (2018)
Information pertaining to the origin and petrogenesis of the brachinites and the meteorite GRA 06128/9, considered to be a possible representative of the feldspathic crust of the brachinite parent body, can be found on the NWA 3151 and Reid 013 pages. The specimen of NWA 4969 shown above is a 0.93 g partial slice. The photo below shows the partial stone as found.
Photo courtesy of Marcin Cimala—Polish Meteorite Laboratory


text:
Home Entertainment Andy Cohen Slammed For Defending Politician Who Used Out-Dated Time period For...
Andy Cohen Slammed For Defending Politician Who Used Out-Dated Time period For Transgender Folks
Page 6 learned that Andy Cohen is now facing the wrath of certain social media users after Andy Cohen defended Senator Claire McCaskill for allegedly using the wrong term to refer to transgender people.
During an MSNBC interview Wednesday, the ex-Missouri politician used the term "transsexual" instead of "transgender", leading some social media users to blow her up. Andy Cohen used his platform to defend them, saying it was likely an honest mistake.
Andy Cohen defends himself against Kathy Griffin Onslaught – says her comments are 'mean' »
In a tweet, Cohen wrote that she simply "misspelled it" and there was no need for her to think about it a second time. According to page 6, many people on the internet were not happy with the fact that Andy was allegedly "unable" to defend transgender people or decide whether to be offended by it.
I am so sorry for using a hurtful term last night. I was tired but never got a good excuse. People misinterpreted what I was trying to say. Our party should never leave our struggle for 4 equality for trans people or anyone who has been marginalized by hatred. My record reflects that.
– Claire McCaskill (@clairecmc) November 5, 2020
BravoCon starts with a surprising appearance by this former RHOBH star »
Page 6 picked up a number of tweets from disgruntled users who claimed Andy was just a "cis guy" making millions of dollars interviewing reality stars and other celebrities. Another person urged him not to speak for her.
You don't speak for me Think about it several times. https://t.co/A5z4EFdo7Q
– THEY🏳⚧HULK (@bizmichael) November 5, 2020
Vanderpump Rules star Katie Maloney actually looks stunned when Andy Cohen asks her about her bullying past »
Not everyone was mad at Cohen and McCaskill, however. For example, one person claimed the "bunch" was unnecessary because the Senator has been supporting transgender people for ages. The Twitter user went on to say that the lesson of being more careful with language had already been learned.
McCaskill responded to the controversy and admitted he was tired. She said she used a "hurtful term" and it was an honest mistake. She added that her records reflect the fact that she is often on the side of protecting marginalized communities.
According to page 6, which the website researched for GLADD, the term "transsexual" is no longer the youngest and politically correct word for transgender. For some, it's offensive and goes back to a different time when transgender people were more discriminated against than it is today.
Cohen and McCaskill are said to have worked together for a long time. They once hosted an event to promote his book Superficial, which was marketed as the media personality's personal diary.
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text:
Guillem Pere de Ravidats o Guillem Pérez de Ravitats. ? - 17 de diciembre de 1176, Lérida. Fue obispo de Lérida entre los años 1143 y 1176.

Con él se empezó la segunda etapa del obispado de Lérida en el año 1149, después de la reconquista por el conde Ramón Berenguer IV de Barcelona, de la ciudad ocupada por los sarracenos.

Fue quien procedente de la diócesis de Roda de Isábena, el que consagró el día 30 de setiembre de 1149, la mezquita como catedral cristiana bajo la advocación de Santa María la Antigua.

Sus restos fueron trasladados cuando la capilla de la Virgen de las Nieves de la Catedral de la Seu Vella de Lérida, estuvo construida. Esta capilla fue destruida en una explosión durante el año 1812.

Bibliografía
Web Obispado de Lérida.

Obispos de Lérida
Obispos de España del siglo XII


text:
Belgian Fighters in Syria and Iraq ~ An Important Review of Our Data
by pietervanostaeyen
pietervanostaeyen | Aug3
August 3, 2016 – by Pieter Van Ostaeyen and Guy Van Vlierden
Belgian fighters in Syria & Iraq – an important review of our data
After a thorough review of our data, we do estimate the total number of Belgian foreign fighters who were active at some point in the current Syrian-Iraqi at 543 individuals now. Almost 70% of them have joined Islamic State, while Shariah4Belgium and the so-called Zerkani network remain the most important recruiters. 127 people have returned to Belgium, while at least 105 were reportedly killed.
We have been keeping track of Belgian foreign fighters for several years now, and we felt that a review of our data was needed. At the time of our very first publication[1], most of the information was vague and much records in our database lacked sufficient identification.
While adding details, the risk of double counting grew. We are pretty confident that the number of fighters not discovered yet, greatly compensated for that. But with all the sources we have now — both publicly available as confidential ones — we thought it would be wise to omit as much of potential doubles as possible.
Therefore, we have reviewed every single entry in our database, investigating the chance that the same person occurred elsewhere. Apart from a rather small number of obvious cases, we finally decided to omit an even number of completely anonymous records dating from before 2014 as the number of fighters we know in detail who had left already at that same time. That is a rather arbitrary measure, but we do believe that it helps to make our estimate more accurate.
On the other hand, we added all the information that we have about minors taken to the battlefield, records that we previously didn't count. It can be feared that the foreign fighters phenomenon will last for many years, and while the minors of today probably will be the fighters of tomorrow, it becomes relevant now to count them in.
Definition of Belgian fighters
Altogether, we do estimate the number of Belgian foreign fighters in the current Syrian-Iraqi conflict at 543 now, defining them as follows:
1) every person of Belgian origin, foreign origin but living in Belgium for a significant time, or clearly recruited by an entity operating from Belgium and departed to the conflict zone via Belgian soil;
2) having at least physically tried to reach the war zone of the Syrian-Iraqi conflict that started in March 2011;
3) with a clear intention to join a local fighting party there, be it as a fighter themselves or in any other role.
While it has to be stressed that this definition is broader than Sunni Islamists, actually 534 (or 98% of all our records) can be considered as such. Other kind of affiliations, such as pro-regime fighters in both Syria and Iraq, certainly are a very small part of the foreign figher phenomenon in reality too. But they are also underrepresented in our database because the focus of our active investigations is the Sunni Islamist part.
In the near future, we may try to get a clearer picture of those other kind of affiliations too. More specifically, we would like to add figures about Kurdish fighters, who aren't included at all for the moment, although we know for sure that they too have Belgian fighters in their ranks. Another possible extension of our database could be the Belgian foreign fighters who have joined Islamic State in Libya.
Our count versus the official one
Although our total estimate is considerably lowered by the review, it is still higher than the number of 458 mentioned by Interior Minister Jan Jambon in April of this year[2]. Probably, authorities do limit their number to fully identified and thus juridically relevant cases, while our database also includes anonymous cases for which the source was deemed reliable. But with much more limited means, we still identified 324 individuals with their full names.
Of all the people in our database, 493 have reached the battle zone — a rate of 90.8%. 32 or 5.9% were stopped somewhere abroad, and 18 or 3.3% before they left the Belgian soil. We have information about 127 people who returned to Belgium — which is slightly higher than the official figures of 114 à 117 mentioned recently[3]. 401 of our records are males, representing 74%. 64 or 12% are females, while the gender is not known for another 78 or 14%.
We have information about 27 children taken to the war zone as minors, of whom at least 18 male and 6 female. These numbers do exclude however youngsters who were juridically still minors at their moment of departure, but apparently have left at their own will. According to official sources, there are at least 48 Belgian minors who have left, of whom 32 were younger than twelve[4].
Islamic State by far the most important group
217 people in our database joined the Islamic State. That is 67.4% of all 322 records for which an exact affiliation is known. Jabhat an-Nusra, the Syrian branch of the global terrorist network al-Qaeda that has rebranded itself into Jabhat Fath as-Sham very recently to indicate a split from al-Qaeda[5], is the second most important group with 43 people for whom it is their last known affiliation.
It must be noted that affiliations often changed in course of time. The third most important group for instance, Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen, became a part of the Islamic State early in 2013. Until then, it was the group joined by almost all the recruits of Shariah4Belgium. Some of them followed their leaders into the Islamic State immediately, while a significant number of others initially switched side to Jabhat an-Nusra. 33 people are still listed in our database with Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen as last known affiliation, because we do not know in which group they landed. But the total number of Belgians who have belonged to Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen at a certain point amounts to 77.
Other Sunni Islamist groups with Belgians in their ranks are Suqur as-Sham (joined by the notorious Brussels based cheikh Bassam Ayachi, and merged in March of last year with Ahrar as-Sham) with 13 people; Katibat al-Khadra and the so-called Katibat des Français with two individuals; and Faylaq as-Sham, Jabhat Ansar al-Din, Jaysh Muhammad, Jund al-Aqsa, Katibat al-Muhajiroun and the Turkistan Islamic Party with each one.
Shariah4Belgium & Zerkani network main recruiters
Looking at recruitment organizations, the Antwerp based Shariah4Belgium still is the most important one. 97 people were at least in touch with that organization before their departure. Second comes the network around the Brussels recruiter Khalid Zerkani, with 72 individuals. An overlap exists, mainly in the circles of the Brussels recruiter Jean-Louis Denis. He worked together with both networks, and has influenced at least 55 people who tried or succeeded to reach the battle zone[6]. The Centre Islamique Belge of the mentioned Bassam Ayachi had proven ties with four fighters, while the so-called 'Terloplein Group' and 'The Way of Life' — both of which can be considered as spin-offs of Shariah4Belgium — had ties with respectively five and one who've tried.
Geographically, the Brussels Capital Region has the highest number of Belgian foreign fighters with 179 individuals on a total of 403 for whom the origin is known, including at least 40 from the now notorious municipality of Molenbeek-Saint-Jean. Antwerp is the second most important place of origin with 98 people, while Vilvoorde (29) and Mechelen (17) add to the importance of the axis Brussels-Antwerp as hotbed of the Belgian jihad[7].
105 deaths, of whom 11 by suicide attacks
Of the Belgian foreign fighers in our database, 105 were reportedly killed. For nine of them, that happened after their return to Europe to commit a terrorist attack: Khalid Ben Larbi and Soufiane Amghar during a police operation on January 15, 2015 in Verviers (Belgium); Bilal Hadfi and Ibrahim Abdeslam while conducting suicide attacks on November 13, 2015 in Paris (France); Abdelhamid Abaaoud and Chakib Akrouh during a police operation following the Paris attacks on November 18, 2015 in Saint-Denis (France); Mohamed Aziz Belkaïd during a police operation on March 15, 2016 in Forest (Belgium); and Najim Laachraoui and Ibrahim El Bakraoui while conducting suicide attacks on March 22, 2016 in Brussels (Belgium).
It has to be stressed that the death of 96 others in the war zone cannot be verified. There are for instance several cases known already of foreign fighters faking their death to lure security services, including the already mentioned Abdelhamid Abaaoud prior to the Verviers plot and the Paris attacks[8]. So, being mentioned in the list of people killed we publish beneath, only means that relevant sources have announced the death of that person, without clear signs that it was inaccurate. Altogether, 11 Belgian fighters have died while committing suicide attacks: six in Iraq, two in France, two in Belgium and one in Syria.
List of Belgian foreign fighters reportedly killed
Julian André Harinton, aka Abu Abdullah al-Belgiki, convert from Antwerp who most likely joined the Free Syrian Army and was killed in April 2012
Hamdi Mahmoud Saad, a Syrian living in Brussels who joined the Free Syrian Army and was killed in Latakia governorate in August 2012
Rustam Gelayev, son of Chechen warlord Ruslan Gelayev who lived a while in Belgium, killed in Aleppo governorate in August 2012
Soufiane Chioua, Brussels recruit of Denis & Zerkani networks who left in October 2012, joined Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen and was killed at an unkown date
Bilal Zinati, recruit of the Denis network who left in December 2012, joined Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen and was killed at an unknown date
Sean Pidgeon, a convert from Brussels recruited by the Denis & Zerkani networks, killed in Aleppo governorate in March 2013
Anonymous fighter from Mechelen, killed before April 2013 according to an imam who assisted his family
Anonymous fighter from Vilvoorde whose death was announced in April 2013. He was barely eightteen years old and got killed by a sniper two weeks after his arrival in Syria
Ahmed Stevenberg, the alias of an unidentified fighter of Jabhat an-Nusra, killed by the Syrian army in the Latakia governorate in April 2013
Raphaël Gendron, aka Abdurauf Abu Marwa, a Frenchman raised in Brussels, killed in the ranks of Suqur as-Sham in April 2013
Tarik Taketloune, aka Abu Khattab, figher from Vilvoorde who was recruited by Shariah4Belgium and joined Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen, killed in May 2013
Saïd Amrani, Denis recruit from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg who was killed in May 2013
Ismail Amgroud, a fighter from Maaseik who joined Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen and was killed in June 2013
Noureddine Abouallal, aka Abu Mujahid, a leader of Shariah4Belgium who joined Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen and was killed in July 2013
Younis Asad Rahman, the alias of a fighter also known as Asad ar-Rahman al-Belgiki, killed in August 2013 in Latakia governorate
Abu Salma al-Belgiki, anonymous fighter killed in August 2013 in Deir ez-Zor governorate
Younes Kharbache, Denis recruit from Brussels and brother of Hamza Kharbache. Joined Islamic State and was killed in August 2013 in Damascus governorate
Ahmed Daoudi, aka Abu Mochsin, Shariah4Belgium recruit who joined Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen, but reportedly soon switched to a hospital job. Was active as a medical worker during the Al Ghouta chemical attack in August 2013, went missing shortly afterwards and was reported dead
Abdel Rahman Ayachi, aka Abu Hajjar, son of the Brussels-Syrian cheikh Bassam Ayachi, killed in the ranks of Suqur as-Sham in September 2013
Abdelgabar Hamdaoui, a Shariah4Belgium recruit fighting for Jabhat an-Nusra, killed in September 2013
Ahmed Dihaj, aka Abu Ateeq, a leading figure within Shariah4Belgium, who left early in 2013 to join Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen and was killed in the ranks of the Islamic State in September 2013
Houssien Elouassaki, aka Abu Fallujah, Shariah4Belgium recruit who became the emir of the foreign chapter within Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen. Switched side to Jabhat an-Nusra and was killed in September 2013
Mohamed Bali, aka Abu Hudayfa, Shariah4Belgium recruit coming from Antwerp, killed in the ranks of the Islamic State in September 2013
Abdelmonhim R'ha, Sunni Islamist fighter from Antwerp, reportedly a relative of former Belgian Guantánamo detainee Moussa Zemmouri. Killed in September 2013
Ibrahim El Harchi, aka Abu Ali, a recruit of Jean-Louis Denis fighting for Islamic State, killed in mid December 2013 during clashes with Ahrar as-Sham in Idlib governorate
Sabri Refla, aka Abu Tourab, Denis recruit from Vilvoorde, who subsequently joined Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen and the Islamic State. Committed suicide attack in Iraq in December 2013
Abu al-Baraa al-Belgiki, an anonymous fighter of Algerian descent, who served as emir for Islamic State in the Syrian town of Saraqib and was killed there in January 2014
Ouafae Sarrar, aka Umm Djarrah, wife of Shariah4Belgium recruit and Islamic State fighter Ilyass Boughalab. Reportedly killed around January 2014
Abdelmonaïm Lachiri, aka Abu Sara, recruit of the Zerkani network and a son of its 'pasionaria' Fatima Aberkan, killed in the ranks of Jabhat an-Nusra in February 2014
Feisal Yamoun, aka Abu Faris, a leader of Shariah4Belgium who left with wife and three young kids, killed in February 2014
Hamza Kharbache, Denis recruit from Brussels and brother of Younes Kharbache, who joined the Islamic State and was killed in February 2014 in Aleppo governorate
Brahim Labrak, Denis recruit from Brussels with French roots, who joined Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen, switched to Islamic State and was killed in February 2014
Nabil Ajraoui, Denis recruit who left as a minor in November 2013 and was killed in February 2014
Ilyass Boughalab, aka Abu Djarrah, Shariah4Belgium recruit killed in March 2014 and mentioned afterwards as a member of Islamic State's elite brigade Katibat al-Battar
Yoni Mayne, aka Abu Dujana al-Mali, Zerkani recruit from Brussels with Belgian father and Malinese mother, killed near ar-Raqqah in March 2014 and mentioned afterwards as member of Islamic State's elite brigade Katibat al-Battar
Saïd El Morabit, aka Abu Muthanna, Shariah4Belgium recruit from Antwerp, killed between ar-Raqqah and Hasakah in March 2014 and mentioned afterwards as member of Islamic State's elite brigade Katibat al-Battar
Abdelilah Jab-Allah, aka Abu Omar, Brussels recruit of Denis & Zerkani networks. Joined Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen and was killed in March 2014
Karim Mahrach, aka Abu Azzam, recruit of Jean-Louis Denis from Brussels, killed in the ranks of the Islamic State in April 2014
Mohamed Said Haddad, Zerkani recruit from Brussels and brother of the Verviers terrorist plot member Abdelmounaim Haddad. Killed in April 2014
Khalid Bali, aka Abu Hamza, brother of Mohamed Bali, killed in the ranks of the Islamic State in May 2014 at the age of seventeen
Khalid Hachti Bernan, aka Abu Mehdi/Abu Qa'qa, member of Islamic State's elite brigade Katibat al-Battar, originally from Virton, who was killed in May 2014
Nabil Azahaf, aka Abu Sayyaf, Shariah4Belgium recruit from Vilvoorde who became a member of Islamic State's elite brigade Katibat al-Battar and was killed in May 2014
Abu Handalah, anonymous Jabhat an-Nusra fighter who appeared in the video 'Turning Point' and was killed in May 2014 near Aleppo
Yassine El Karouni, aka Abu Osama, Shariah4Belgium recruit coming from the Netherlands, but living in Antwerp. Joined Majlis Shura al-Mujahideen and was killed in May 2014
Kiéran Luce, aka Abu al-Qada al-Faransi, recruit of Denis network coming from the French-Caribbean island of Martinique. Joined Islamic State and committed suicide attack in northern Iraq in May 2014
Iliass Azaouaj, an imam from Brussels who left to get Belgian fighters back home, then joined Islamic State himself, but was executed on suspicion of being a spy around July 2014
Anonymous Belgian fighter killed in July 2014 in al-Keshkeyyi, Deir ez-Zor governorate
Adem Ben Amro, aka Abu Obayda at-Tunisi, Tunisian who lived as refugee in Antwerp, joined the Islamic State in July 2014 and committed a suicide attack in Kobanê at an unknown date
Souleymane Abrini, Zerkani recruit and brother of Paris & Brussels attacks accomplice Mohamed Abrini. Joined the Islamic State and was killed in August 2014
Abu Jihad al-Belgiki, anonymous Islamic State fighter, killed in battle for airport in Deir ez-Zor governorate in August 2014
Zakaria El Bouzaidi, best friend of Sean Pidgeon, who was recruited together with him by the Denis & Zerkani networks. Killed in September 2014
Abu Mohsen at-Tunisi, anonymous Belgian fighter of Tunisian descent, fighting for Islamic State and killed in September 2014 during a battle near the airport of Deir ez-Zor
Abu Adnan al-Belgiki, anonymous fighter of Algerian descent who switched from Jabhat an-Nusra to Islamic State at the end of 2013 and was killed in September 2014
Abu Mohamed al-Belgiki, anonymous fighter killed in October 2014 in Deir ez-Zor governorate
Abu Umar al-Belgiki, anonymous fighter of Saudi descent, killed in the ranks of Jabhat an-Nusra in October 2014 in Latakia governorate
Abu Yahya al-Belgiki, anonymous member of Islamic State's elite brigade Katibat al-Battar, killed in October 2014
Abu Umar al-Belgiki, anonymous fighter mentioned on a list of deaths of Islamic State's elite brigade Katibat al-Battar, published in October 2014[9]. It was later confirmed that this kunya doesn't refer to Abdelhamid Abaaoud, who faked his own death around the same time
Abu Sulayman al-Belgiki, anonymous Islamic State fighter of Maghribian descent, killed in Kobanê in November 2014
Bilal Barrani, aka Abu Said, Zerkani recruit of French origin who was living in Brussels, joined Islamic State and was killed in December 2014
Khongr Pavlovitch Matsakov, Sunni Islamist fighter from Ostend with roots in the Russian republic of Kalmykia, killed in January 2015
Abu Taymiyya al-Belgiki, anonymous Islamic State fighter killed in Kobanê in January 2015
Khalid Ben Larbi, aka Abu Zoubeyr, Islamic State fighter from Brussels who was killed during a police operation in Verviers (Belgium) on January 15, 2015
Soufiane Amghar, aka Abu Khalid, Islamic State fighter from Brussels who was killed during a police operation in Verviers (Belgium) on January 15, 2015
Anis Bouzzaouit, aka Abu Ibrahim, a Zerkani recruit who entered the Islamic State's elite brigade Katibat al-Battar and was killed in February 2015 in Deir ez-Zor governorate
Fahd Asamghi, aka Abu Sabir, Shariah4Belgium recruit from Antwerp who subsequently fought for Jaysh al-Muhajirin wa'l Ansar and Jabhat Ansar al-Din. Killed in March 2015
Younes Bakkouy, aka Abu Aziz, Islamic State fighter from Genk who left with two brothers, one of whom (and most likely him) was reportedly killed in March 2015 near Tikrit in Iraq
Abu Bakr al-Belgiki, anonymous Islamic State fighter from Brussels who committed suicide attack in Ramadi (Iraq) on March 11, 2015
Mesut Cankurtaran, aka Abu Abdullah al-Belgiki. Islamic State fighter from Vilvoorde, recruited by Shariah4Belgium and the Denis network. Killed in March 2015 in battle for airport in Deir ez-Zor governorate
Karim Kadir, aka Abu Abdullah al-Belgiki. Islamic State fighter from Charleroi, who committed suicide attack at the Iraqi-Jordan border on April 24, 2015
Abu Tourab al-Belgiki, anonymous Sunni Islamist fighter from Brussels killed in May 2015 in Damascus governorate
Abu Handala al-Belgiki, anonymous Sunni Islamist fighter killed in May 2015
Abu Muslim al-Belgiki. Anonymous Islamic State fighter from Antwerp. His death was announced in June 2015, but reportedly happened around a year earlier
Sami Ladri, aka Abu Waliya, Zerkani recruit from Brussels who joined the Islamic State and committed suicide attack near an-Nukhayba (Iraq) on June 22, 2015
Fayssal Oussaih, aka Abu Shaheed, Islamic State fighter from Maaseik, killed in July 2015
Abu Iliace al-Belgiki, anonymous Islamic State fighter whose death was announced by an Islamic State source in ar-Raqqah in July 2015
Mossi Junior Juma, teenager from Brussels with roots in Burundi, said to be taken to Syria by his mother and killed in July 2015 at the age of sixteen
Lucas Van Hessche, aka Abu Ibrahim, convert from Menen with roots in Haiti, joined Islamic State and was killed in August 2015 in Hasakah governorate
Abu Mariyya al-Belgiki, anonymous fighter from Bruges, apparently of Indian descent. Joined Islamic State and was reportedly killed during his very first battle in August 2015
Abu Ayman al-Belgiki, anonymous Islamic State fighter, killed by British drone strike in ar-Raqqah in August 2015
Brian De Mulder, aka Abu Qasim al-Brazili, convert from Antwerp with Belgian father and Brazilian mother, recruited by Shariah4Belgium. Died in October 2015 of wounds sustained by an air strike three weeks earlier
Mohammed Hajji, Islamic State fighter from Antwerp, killed by an air strike in ar-Raqqah in October 2015
Abu Abdullah al-Belgiki, anonymous Islamic State figher, killed in October 2015 by a French air strike on a training camp near ar-Raqqah
Abdelmalek Boutalliss, aka Abu Nusaybah, Islamic State fighter from Kortrijk who committed suicide attack near Haditha (Iraq) on November 11, 2015
Andy Bizala Lubanza, Zerkani recruit from Brussels with Congolese & Rwandese roots, joined Islamic State and was killed in November 2015
Anonymous, Belgian wife of Islamic State emir 'Abu Khabab' from Saudi Arabia, killed with her husband in November 2015 in Deir ez-Zor
Bilal Hadfi, aka Abu Mujahid al-Faransi, Islamic State fighter of French origin living in Brussels, who committed suicide attack in Paris (France) on November 13, 2015
Ibrahim Abdeslam, aka Abu Qa'qa al-Belgiki, Islamic State fighter of French origin living Brussels, who committed a suicide attack in Paris (France) on November 13, 2015
Abdelhamid Abaaoud, aka Abu Omar al-Belgiki, Zerkani recruit from Brussels, who joined Islamic State's elite brigade Katibat al-Battar and was killed on November 18, 2015 during a police operation in Saint-Denis (France) linked to the Paris attacks
Chakib Akrouh, aka Dhul-Qarnayn al-Belgiki, Zerkani recruit from Brussels, who joined the Islamic State and was killed on November 18, 2015 during police operation in Saint-Denis (France) linked to the Paris attacks
Mohammed Jattari, Sunni Islamist fighter from Tienen, killed at unknown date in 2015
Younes Ahllal, aka Abu Taymiyah al-Belgiki. Zerkani recruit from Brussels, killed in the ranks of the Islamic State in January 2016
Anonymous Belgian fighter killed in the ranks of the Islamic State in Deir ez-Zor governorate on January 20, 2016
Abu Umar al-Belgiki, anonymous Islamic State fighter, killed in al-Hawiqa near Deir ez-Zor on January 30, 2016
Umm Shérazade al-Belgiki, anonymous woman from Brussels who joined the Islamic State and was reportedly executed for witchcraft in February 2016
Anonymous Belgian fighter in the ranks of the Islamic State, reportedly executed for treason in Deir ez-Zor in February 2016
Salahuddin al-Belgiki, anonymous Islamic State fighter, who was killed as an important battle commander in Deir ez-Zor governorate in March 2016
Mohamed Aziz Belkaïd, aka Abu Abdulaziz al-Jazairi, Islamic State fighter of Algerian descent who was killed on March 15, 2016 during a police operation in Forest (Belgium) linked to the Paris attacks
Najim Laachraoui, aka Abu Idriss, Brussels recruit of the Denis & Zerkani networks, who joined the Islamic State and committed a suicide attack at Brussels Airport (Belgium) on March 22, 2016
Ibrahim El Bakraoui, Islamic State fighter from Brussels who was stopped on his way to Syria, but committed suicide attack at Brussels Airport (Belgium) on March 22, 2016 (Belgium)
Abou Souleyman Belgiki, anonymous fighter from Brussels, who switched side from the Islamic State to Jabhat an-Nusra and was killed near Idlib in April 2016, reportedly by an American drone
Abu Anas al-Belgiki, anonymous Islamic State fighter, killed near Mosul (Iraq) in April 2016
Abu Dawoud al-Belgiki, anonymous fighter with Jabhat an-Nusra, identified as deputy emir of its foreign fighters in August 2013. Killed by an air strike in May 2016, targeting a meeting of Jabhat an-Nusra leadership at Abu Adh Dhuhur air base in Idlib governorate
Abu Abdilah al-Belgiki, anonymous Jabhat an-Nusra fighter of Maghribian origin, killed in June 2016 by a tank attack of the Syrian army near Aleppo
Anonymous Belgian fighter, killed as Islamic State commander in a battle near Deir ez-Zor in July 2016
Abu Miqdad al-Belgiki, anonymous Islamic State fighter, killed in battle near Deir ez-Zor in August August 2016
[7] For much more detail on the geographical spread of the Belgian foreign fighter phenomenon, please see http://www.ispionline.it/it/EBook/Rapporto_Hotbeds_2016/Cap.3.pdf
Twitter censors what Israeli State Attorney asks it to
Jews for Justice for Palestinians |
At Israel's request, Twitter is blocking Israelis from viewing certain tweets published overseas. Similar take-down notices have been sent to other international online platforms, the Justice Ministry confirms.
Israeli authorities are taking steps to block their own citizens from reading materials published online in other countries, including the United States.
The Israeli State Attorney's Office Cyber Division has sent numerous take-down requests to Twitter and other media platforms in recent months, demanding that they remove certain content, or block Israeli users from viewing it.
In an email viewed by +972, dated August 2, 2016, Twitter's legal department notified American blogger Richard Silverstein that the Israeli State Attorney claimed a tweet of his violates Israeli law. The tweet in question had been published 76 days earlier, on May 18. Silverstein has in the past broken stories that Israeli journalists have been unable to report due to gag orders, including the Anat Kamm case.
Without demanding that he take any specific action, Twitter asked Silverstein to let its lawyers know, "if you decide to voluntarily remove the content." The American blogger, who says he has not stepped foot in any Israeli jurisdiction for two decades, refused, noting that he is not bound by Israeli law. Twitter is based in California.
Two days later, Twitter sent Silverstein a follow-up email, informing him that it was now blocking Israeli users from viewing the tweet in question. Or in Twitter-talk, "In accordance with applicable law and our policies, Twitter is now withholding the following Tweet(s) in Israel."
The tweet is still available from American and non-Israeli IP addresses, but viewed from Israel, it looks like this:
[The offending Tweet, BREAKING: Israeli Judge Accused of Sexually-Abusing Daughter, Investigated in Secret, is here]
Because I am writing this from Israel, I am legally forbidden from telling you what Silverstein's original tweet said. I can't even tell you the specific legal reason why I can't tell you what I can't tell you.
What I can say is that as the use of military censorship in Israel has become less common and less sweeping over the years, authorities are increasingly using court gag orders to control the flow of information in the country. Often times those gag orders cover the very existence of the gag order itself.
+972 has seen Twitter's correspondence with Silverstein, but not the Israeli Justice Ministry's specific request of Twitter. Justice Ministry spokesperson Noam Sharvit denied, however, that Israel demanded any concrete action of Twitter in Silverstein's case, only that it "brought the violation of the gag order to the company's attention."
A page on Twitter's website explaining the practice of "withholding" content stresses its commitment to being as transparent as possible about its censorship. The company notes that it has partnered with Lumen to make "requests to withhold content" themselves available to the public.
The database of take-down notices provided by Lumen and Twitter, however, does not include the publication of a single request that either mentions or originates from Israel or the Israeli government. Therefore, it is impossible to know with absolute certainty exactly what the Israeli request entailed.
Facebook, on the other hand, provides public data about the number of requests to restrict content in Israel "alleged to violate harassment laws, as well as content related to Holocaust denial." Facebook says it restricted 236 pieces of content in Israel in the second half of 2015, the most recent period for which data is available.
Israeli legal authorities censoring information published inside Israel's geographic and legal jurisdiction might seem like standard practice, albeit morally and ethically objectionable. Attempting to block information published overseas, however, is more akin to the type of censorship we're used to hearing about in countries like China, Turkey, Syria, and Iran.
In most countries where internet censorship is most prominent, the practice is most commonly associated with the suppression of political dissent and attempts to control the free flow of information, upon which democracy and healthy political debate are fully dependent. Those who want to circumvent internet censorship, however, have an array of technical options for accessing blocked content.
This development also comes as the Israeli government has declared non-violent political activists as a high-priority target. Earlier this week, the public security minister and interior minister announced their intentions to deport foreign anti-occupation and BDS activists, and make Israeli citizens whose political activism includes nonviolent tactics like boycotts, "pay a price."
Most of the public discussion surrounding internet censorship in Israel in recent months has focused on alleged Palestinian incitement to violence, which, at least at face value, can be interpreted to be a matter of public safety. Enforcing a gag order, however, is the state attempting to control the flow of information, plain and simple.
Which is not to say that there are not legitimate uses of gag orders, for instance, to protect minors and victims of certain crimes. According to the Israeli Justice Ministry spokesperson, Silverstein's tweet indeed included information that could be used to identify a minor who was the victim of a sex crime.
In a more general sense, however, when a state has demonstrated its willingness to use gag orders and censorship to cover up its own crimes (the Bus 300 Affair and evidence of extrajudicial killings exposed by Anat Kamm) and to stifle legitimate free speech that challenges an undemocratic military regime, it becomes a moral imperative to fight all forms of censorship.
One recent and unfortunate example of how gag orders and censorship can be used to obfuscate justice, and at the very least give the impression of a coverup, is the shooting deaths of two Palestinian siblings by Israeli security contractors at the Qalandia checkpoint in late April of this year.
Palestinian witnesses said that the two, who were said to have knives in their possession, posed no immediate threat to the Israeli guards or police officers stationed at the checkpoint. Israeli authorities, however, have refused to release CCTV footage of the shooting, and placed a sweeping gag order on the investigation and the identity of the suspects. On August 2, the gag order was once again extended until August 31 — 126 days since the shooting.
It may have been possible to justify the original gag order, which was supposed to last only one week, with investigatory considerations. More than four months later, however, it is hard not to question what it is police have to hide.
Asked how many take-down requests have been sent to overseas social media platforms, the Israeli Justice Ministry spokesperson responded:
The Cyber Division, works, among other activities, with various internet providers to remove content that violates Israeli law, including the terms of use of the providers themselves. The division acts against forbidden content like the publication of pedophilia content, incitement to violence and racism, and publications that violate judicial or statutory gag orders. It should be noted that in the terms of use of most providers, the providers themselves declare that they comply with state orders. As part of the division's activities, a number of providers have been approached in recent months with requests to remove such content, in various cases.
Asked whether it has also sent international media outlets requests to block certain content from Israeli readers, the Justice Ministry spokesperson said: "there have been such requests in the past which were sent to foreign providers, also including [publications] that were published in Israel."
By Richard Silverstein, Tikun Olam
Twitter wrote to me this week, asking me to censor a tweet I had posted saying that Israeli judge, Shamai Becker had been accused of sexually assaulting his daughter. Their request originated from a demand by the Israeli attorney general that Twitter censor the tweet because it allegedly violated a gag order in the case.
I told Twitter that I would not do so because the tweet was a truthful report based on Israeli media*. I argued that Twitter should not censor the tweet because the government of the State of Israel had no right to extend the jurisdiction of Israeli law either to me or to U.S. companies.
Twitter replied earlier today with this disappointing message:
Dear Twitter User:
This is a follow-up to our correspondence, dated August 2, 2016, regarding your Twitter account, @richards1052.
In accordance with applicable law and our policies, Twitter is now withholding the following Tweet(s) in Israel.
Follow Tikun Olam @richards1052
השופט שמאי בקר חשוד בביצוע עבירות מין בבתו. צא"פ הוטל על זהותו
http://ln.is/com/3wDGc
9:40 AM – 18 May 2016
BREAKING: Israeli Judge Accused of Sexually-Abusing Daughter, Investigated in Secret
.השופט שמאי בקר חשוד בביצוע עבירות מין בבתו. צא"פ הוטל על זהותו For the past year, the Israeli police have been investigating charges against Israeli magistrate judge, Shamai…
linkis.com
17 17 Retweets 7 7 likes
For more information about withheld content, please review our Country Withheld Content policy page: https://support.twitter.com/articles/20169222.
We cannot provide legal advice. You may wish to contact your own attorney about this matter.
Twitter calls this "withholding" its content. I know what I call it: censorship. They have permitted themselves to be intimidated by the State of Israel, whose officials refuse to honor freedom of expression and the press. They have dragged Twitter down to the low level of Israel.
Imagine this scenario: you are a public figure in your country and the police arrest you for a serious crime. Your lawyers obtain a gag order forbidding the media in your own country from associating your name with the charges. Then your lawyers approach the foremost legal officer of the State and demand that he use the full weight of the state to enforce domestic law in a foreign country. And the State, on your behalf, bullies a foreign company into doing so. I hope you can see the absurdity of this hypothetical case.
This is a slippery slope. Imagine every tin-pot dictator (or even a lowly street-sweeper) in the world finding hundreds or thousands of tweets which accuse him of crimes or misdeeds. The dictator succeeds in obtaining the judgment of a court that silences the media in his own country. After that, the State's leading lawyer tells Twitter that they must censor all content that violates the laws of that country.
Twitter's decision offers a field day for Erdogan or al-Sisi or Xi Jinping. They can now go to town cleaning up all the objectionable content on Twitter. And it could involve not just foreign leaders, but any average citizen who can avail himself of the laws of his land in this fashion. Anyone may object to anything tweeted about them. As long as you can get your nation's legal officer to take up your cause, Twitter will have no recourse because this decision sets a precedent they can't ignore.
Here's another analogy to consider: Israeli media are not legally responsible for what readers post in the talkback section. This is also the case under U.S. law. But the Israeli attorney general is, in effect, arguing that Twitter is directly liable for whatever any of its users tweet which violates Israeli law. If Haaretz isn't responsible for a comment posted which violates Israeli law, then why is Twitter?
* Serious affair court system trying to hide, Ynet, in Hebrew.The judge is not named. Google translation