text:
\section{Introduction}
Deep inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering experiments, involving squares of four momentum transfers ($Q^2$) between 10 and hundreds of GeV$^2$,  have shown that nuclear structure functions (per nucleon) are different than that of free nucleons. This phenomenon is known as the EMC effect, named after the European Muon Collaboration where it was first observed; see {\it e.g.} the review~\cite{Hen:2016kwk} and the original work~\cite{Aubert:1983xm,Gomez:1993ri}. This was a shocking result as it was assumed that deep inelastic scattering (DIS) off a nucleus $A$ was the same as scattering off $A$ nucleons. This experimental observation taught us quark interactions in nuclei are important, and that parton distribution functions (PDFs) depend on the nuclear environment. The EMC effect is not large, of order 10-15\%, but is of fundamental interest because it involves the influence of nuclear properties on scales that resolve the nucleon size. \\
However, scales larger than the nucleon size are relevant because modifications of nucleon structure must be caused by interactions with nearby nucleons. Indeed, after the nucleon size, the next largest length is the inter-nucleon separation length, $d$; this is the scale associated with short range correlations (SRCs) between nucleons. Therefore, the EMC effect is naturally connected with short range correlations between nucleons. On the other hand, the inter-nucleon separation is not much smaller than that of the nuclear size. This means that effects involving the entire nucleus cannot be disregarded. Such effects are known as mean-field effects in which each nucleon moves in the mean field provided by other nucleons. Thus, an explanation of the EMC effect should involve physics at all three length scales~\cite{Miller:2020eyc}.\\

The contents of this paper is as follows: In Sec. II, we will discuss the role of virtuality in motivating the use of quark degrees of freedom, as well as aid us in identifying the dominant interactions in the EMC effect. In Sec. III we will present a two-component model of the nucleon that will guide our intuition throughout this paper. Furthermore, this model of the nucleon will give us a relationship between virtuality and the nuclear potential. In Sec. IV we will present our construction of a new model of the EMC effect using holographic QCD. We will first summarize results from \cite{sufian_analysis_2017,deTeramond:2018ecg}, giving a framework in obtaining free nucleon Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) from free nucleon form factors. Then, we will introduce the effects of a nuclear medium, allowing one to obtain the modified nucleon PDFs. In Sec. V we will present the model's expressions for the EMC ratios show the model's results for the EMC ratios for a variety of nuclei. Sec. VI will present an argument that will identify the dominant interaction in the EMC effect, mean field or SRC. Lastly, Sec. VII will provide a check of the change in the electric charge radius of a nucleon inside a nucleus. Our concluding remarks are given in Sec. VIII

\section{Virtuality - a small-distance scale

Bound nucleons of four momentum $p$ do not obey the standard Einstein relation: $p_\mu p^\mu=p^2=M^2$, and are thus said to be off their mass shell. By examining the intermediate nucleons in nucleon-nucleon scattering, we can gain insight into why bound nucleons do not obey Einstein's relation. In the Blankenbecler-Sugar \cite{PhysRev.142.1051} and Thompson reductions~\cite{Thompson:1970wt} of the Bethe-Salpeter equation~\cite{Salpeter:1951sz}, one nucleon emits a meson of zero energy and non-zero momentum, while the other nucleon absorbs the meson. Since the momenta of the nucleons have changed, but their energies have not, $p^2 \neq M^2$, meaning the intermediate nucleons are off their mass shell. In other reductions of the Bethe-Salpeter equation \cite{Gross:1969rv}, one nucleon is on the mass shell, and the other is not. This means that the nuclear wave function, treated relativistically, contains nucleons that are off their mass shell. Such nucleons must undergo interactions before they can be observed, and are thus denoted as virtual, with difference $p^2-M^2$ being proportional to the virtuality, $\cal V$~\cite{Miller:2019mae}. Experiments~\cite{Egiyan:2003vg,Egiyan:2005hs,Fomin:2011ng} using leptonic probes at large values of Bjorken $x$ interrogate the virtuality of the bound nucleons. Plateaus, kinematically corresponding to scattering by a pair of closely connected nucleons, have been observed \cite{Fomin:2017ydn} in this region. \\

For a nucleon to be so far off the mass shell, it needs to be interacting strongly with another nearby nucleon. To see that, consider a configuration of two bound nucleons initially at rest in the nucleus. This is a good approximation for roughly 80\% of the nuclear wave function. To acquire a large virtuality, one nucleon must exchange a boson or bosons with four-momentum, $\vec P$, comparable to that of the incident virtual photon.
Such a bosonic system can only travel a short distance $\Delta r$ between the nucleons with

\begin{equation} \label{small}
    \Delta r \sim \frac{1}{|\vec P|}
\end{equation}
 thus a highly virtual nucleon gets its virtuality from another nearby nucleon which must be closely separated. High virtuality is a short-distance phenomenon, and as such will help us determine whether an interaction is being affected by SRCs. \\

Additionally, high virtuality serves as an intermediate step between using nucleonic and quark degrees of freedom. To better understand this, consider a virtual nucleon as a superposition of physical states that are eigenfunctions of the QCD Hamiltonian.
Virtual states with nucleon quantum numbers can be expressed using the completeness of states of QCD,
\begin{eqnarray} |N(\Cv)\rangle=\sum_{n=1}^{n_{\rm max}} c_n |N_n\rangle, \label{sup} \end{eqnarray} in which
the states $|N_n\rangle$ are resonances and also nucleon-multi-pion states.   Each of these states (with the total three-momentum of the state $ |N(\Cv)\rangle)$ has a detailed underlying structure in terms of quarks and gluons.
In  exclusive reactions  with not very large momentum transfer  few states are excited and  one may use \eq{sup} to describe the physics.  However, for high energy inclusive reactions of experimental relevance one needs many states. Because of the large number of states entering in \eq{sup} it is most efficient to use quark degrees of freedom to understand DIS large values of $Q^2$. Thus, the free nucleon can be regarded as a superposition of various configurations or Fock states, each with a different quark-gluon structure.

\section{Two-Component Model of the Nucleon}
As discussed in Sec. II, it is most efficient to use quark degrees of freedom due to the large number of states entering Eq. (\ref{sup}).
Motivated by the the QCD  physics of color transparency \cite{Frankfurt:1985cv,Brodsky:1987xw,Ralston:1988rb,Jennings:1993hw}, we will treat the infinite number of quark-gluon configurations of the nucleon as two configurations: a large-sized, blob-like configuration  (BLC), consisting of complicated configurations of many quarks and gluons, and a small-sized, point-like configuration (PLC) consisting of 3 quarks. The BLC can be thought of as an object that is similar to a nucleon, and the PLC is meant to represent a three-quark system of small size that is responsible for the high-$x$ behavior of the distribution function; the smaller the number of  quarks, the more likely one can carry a large momentum fraction.  \\

When placed in a nucleus, the blob-like configuration feels the
usual  nuclear attraction and its energy decreases. The
point-like-configuration feels far less nuclear-attraction   by virtue of color screening \cite{Frankfurt:1994hf}, in which the
effects of gluons emitted by small-sized configurations are cancelled in low-momentum transfer processes. The nuclear
attraction increases the energy difference between the BLC and the PLC, therefore reducing the PLC probability~\cite{Frankfurt:1985cv}. Reducing the probability of PLCs in the nucleus reduces the quark momenta, in qualitative agreement with the EMC effect. Working out the consequences of the BLC-PLC model enables the connection between the EMC effect and virtuality to be clarified.\\

\subsection{The Free Nucleon}
The Hamiltonian  for a free nucleon  in the two-component model can be expressed schematically by the matrix
\begin{eqnarray} H_0=
\left[ \begin{array}{cc}
    E_B & V \\
    V & E_P \end{array} \right] \end{eqnarray}
where $P$ the PLC and $B$ represents BLC.
We define the energy difference between the PLC and the BLC to be $\Delta = E_P - E_B$.
The hard-interaction potential, $V$, connects the two
components, causing the eigenstates of $H_0$ to be  $|N\rangle$ and $|X\rangle$  rather
than $|B\rangle$ and $|P\rangle$.
 The normalized
eigenstates are given by

\begin{equation} \label{nuc0}
    |N\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\epsilon^2}}(|B\rangle  +\epsilon|P\rangle),
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
    |X\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\epsilon_X^2}}(|B\rangle + \epsilon_X|P\rangle).
\end{equation}

\noindent where

\begin{equation}
    \epsilon =\frac{-2V}{\Delta + \bar\Delta} \, , \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\ \epsilon_X=\frac{2V}{- \Delta + \bar\Delta} \, , \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\
      \bar\Delta\equiv\sqrt{\Delta^2+4V^2}
\end{equation}

\noindent The notation $|X\rangle$  is used to denote the  orthogonal excited  state. For later use, the probability of the PLC, $P_{PLC}$, for free nucleon is

\begin{equation} \label{prob_nomod}
    P_{PLC}= \frac{\epsilon^2}{1 + \epsilon^2}.
\end{equation}

\subsection{Medium effects}
 Now suppose the nucleon is bound to a nucleus. The nucleon feels an attractive nuclear potential, here represented by  $H_{1(n,p)}$, with
 \begin{eqnarray} H_{1(n,p)}= \left[ \begin{array}{cc}
U_{(n,p)} & 0 \\
0 & 0  \end{array} \right]
 ,\label{H1}\end{eqnarray}
to represent the idea that  only the large-sized component of the nucleon feels the influence of the nuclear attraction. Note that $U_{(n,p)}$ is dependent on $A$ and $Z$. The treatment of the nuclear interaction, $U_{(n,p)}$,  as a number is clearly a simplification because
the interaction necessarily varies with the relevant kinematics.\\

The complete Hamiltonian $H=H_0+H_{1(n,p)}$ is:
\begin{eqnarray} H= \left[ \begin{array}{cc}
E_B-|U_{(n,p)}| & V \\
V & E_P \end{array} \right],
 \end{eqnarray}
in which the attractive nature of the nuclear  binding potential is
emphasized. Then interactions with the nucleus increase the energy difference between
the bare BLC and  PLC states and thereby decreasing the PLC
probability.  \\

The medium-modified nucleon and its excited state,
$|\tilde{N}\rangle$ and $|\tilde{X}\rangle$, are now
\begin{equation}
    |N\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\tilde{\epsilon}^2}}(|B\rangle  +\tilde{\epsilon}|P\rangle),
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
    |X\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\tilde{\epsilon}_X^2}}(|B\rangle + \tilde{\epsilon}_X|P\rangle).
\end{equation}

The expression for $\tilde{\epsilon}$ can be obtained by making the replacement: $\Delta \rightarrow \Delta + |U_{(n,p)}|$

\begin{equation} \label{e_mod_no_expansion}
       \tilde{\epsilon}={- 2V\over \Delta + |U_{(n,p)}| + \sqrt{(\Delta + |U_{(n,p)}|)^2 + 4V^2}}
\end{equation}

Since $V$ is associated with the strong force, and $U_{(n,p)}$ to the nuclear force, we can expand Eq. (\ref{e_mod_no_expansion}) to first order in $\frac{|U_{(n,p)}|}{\Delta}$,
\begin{equation}
\tilde{\epsilon}_{(n,p)} \approx \epsilon(1 - {|U_{(n,p)}|\over \bar\Delta}) \label{epsilon_mod}
\end{equation}

\noindent The probability of the modified PLC for the nucleon, $\tilde{P}_{PLC}(n,p)$, is now

\begin{equation} \label{pdef1}
    \tilde{P}_{PLC}(n,p)= {\tilde{\epsilon}_{(n,p)}^2\over 1+\tilde{\epsilon}_{(n,p)}^2}
\end{equation}

\noindent Replacing $\tilde{\epsilon}_{(n,p)}$ with Eq. (\ref{epsilon_mod}), expanding to first order in $\frac{|U_{(n,p)}|}{\bar{\Delta}}$, and solving for $\tilde{r}_{(n,p)}$ we get

\begin{equation} \label{prob_mod}
 \tilde{P}_{PLC}(n,p)={\epsilon^2\over 1 + \epsilon^2} - \frac{2 |U_{(n,p)}|  \epsilon^2}{\bar{\Delta} (1 + \epsilon^2)^2} = P_{PLC} \left(  1 - \frac{2|U_{(n,p)}|}{\bar{\Delta} (1 + \epsilon^2)  } \right)
\end{equation}.

\subsection{Connecting the Nuclear Potential to Virtuality}
The next step is to relate $  U_{(n,p)}$  to the virtuality which is done in Ref. \cite{CiofidegliAtti:2007ork}.
 Suppose a photon interacts with a virtual nucleon of four-momentum $ {\bf P}_{\rm miss}$.
 The three-momentum
 ${\bf P}_{\rm miss}$
opposes the $A-1$ recoil momentum ${\bf p}\equiv {\bf P}_{\rm miss}=-{\bf P}_{A-1}$. The  mass of the on-shell recoiling nucleus is given by
  $M_{A-1}^*=M_A-M+E,$ where $E>0$ represents the excitation energy of
  the spectator $A-1$ nucleus, and $M$ is the mass of the nucleon.
  \begin{eqnarray}
 &M^2 \Cv=
 P_{\rm miss}}\def\n{\nu^2-M^2\\&
 =(M_A-\sqrt{(M_{A-1}^*)^2 +{\bf p} ^2}\,\,)^2
- {\bf p}^2-M^2
 \end{eqnarray}
which reduces  in the non-relativistic limit to
  \begin{eqnarray}
M^2 \Cv_{(n,p)}&\approx& -2M\left({{\bf p}^2\over 2M_r}+E_{(n,p)}\right),
\label{virt}
\end{eqnarray}

where the reduced mass  $M_r= M(A-1)/A$. The virtuality,  $\Cv(n,p)$,  is less than 0, and its magnitude increases with both the $A-1$ excitation energy and the  initial momentum of the struck nucleon.

Refs.~\cite{Frankfurt:1985cv,CiofidegliAtti:2007ork} obtained a relation between
the potential $U_{(n,p)}$ and the virtuality $\Cv_{(n,p)}$ by using the extension of the Schroedinger equation to an
operator form:
\begin{eqnarray}
{{\bf p}^2\over 2M_r}+U_{(n,p)}=-E_{(n,p)},
\end{eqnarray}

so that $ {{\bf p}^2\over 2M_r}+E_{(n,p)}=-U_{(n,p)}=|U_{(n,p)}|$, we get

\begin{eqnarray} \label{cv}
\Cv_{(n,p)} = {-2|U_{(n,p)}|\over M},
\end{eqnarray}

\noindent thus directly connecting the nuclear potential and the virtuality.

\section{Medium Modification in LFHQCD}
We will now introduce a new model of the EMC effect using holographic QCD nucleon form factors as a starting point \cite{sufian_analysis_2017}. The SU(6) spin-flavor symmetric quark model is used in calculating the effective charges of positive and negative helicity protons and neutrons. These effective charges are used to obtain expressions for the nucleon form factors. In order to extend this model to nuclei, the key idea is that the nuclear medium will affect the probabilities of finding a spin up or down quark $q$ in a proton or neutron, breaking SU(6) symmetry; thus, the effective charges are ultimately modified as well. We will use intuition from the two-component model of the nucleon to guide us in parameterizing the new modified effective charges. Furthermore, connecting to arguments presented in Sec. II, the formalism of LFHQCD presented in Ref. \cite{sufian_analysis_2017} allows us to write valence free and modified PDFs in terms of quark degrees of freedom.

\subsection{Free Nucleon PDFs from Holographic QCD}

To summarize results in \cite{sufian_analysis_2017}, in LFHQCD the electromagnetic form factor for an arbitrary twist-$\tau$ hadron is

\begin{equation} \label{hff}
    F_{\tau}(Q^2) = \int \frac{dz}{z^3} V(Q^2,z)\Phi_{\tau}^2
\end{equation}

\begin{equation} \label{hlfwf}
     \Phi_{\tau}(z) = \sqrt{\frac{2}{\Gamma(\tau - 1})} \kappa^{\tau - 1}z^{\tau} e^{\kappa^2 z^2/2}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $V(Q^2,z)$ is the bulk to boundary propogator, and $\Phi_{\tau} (z)$ is the twist-$\tau$ hadronic wave function. The spin-nonflip elastic Dirac form factor for a nucleon $N$, $F_1^N$, is given by

\begin{equation} \label{F1N}
F_1^N(Q^2)  = \sum_{\pm} g_{\pm}^N \int \frac{dz}{z^4} V(Q^2,z) \Psi_{\pm}^2 (z)
\end{equation}

\noindent with

\begin{equation}\label{gpm}
\begin{split}
    g_{+}^N = P_{N \uparrow}^u e_u + P_{N \uparrow}^d e_d
    \\
    g_{-}^N = P_{N \downarrow}^u e_u + P_{N \downarrow}^d e_d,
\end{split}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $g_{\pm}^N$ are the effective charges for a positive ($+$) or negative ($-$) chirality nucleon $N$, $P_{N (\uparrow,\downarrow)}^{q}$ is the probability to find a spin up or down quark $q$ in a nucleon $N$, $e_q$ is the charge of a quark $q$ in units of positron charge $e$, and $\Psi_{\pm} (z)$ are the wave functions corresponding to a positive ($+$) or negative ($-$) chirality nucleon. Notably, $\Psi_{\pm} (z)$ have the following dependencies,

\begin{equation}\label{nlfwf}
\begin{split}
    \Psi_+(z) \sim z^{\tau + \frac{1}{2}} e^{\kappa^2 z^2/2} \,\,\,\,\,
    \\
    \Psi_-(z) \sim z^{\tau + 1 + \frac{1}{2}} e^{\kappa^2 z^2/2}.
\end{split}
\end{equation}

The SU(6) symmetry approximation is used order to obtain $P_{N (\uparrow,\downarrow)}^{q}$. Using this symmetry approximation, the effective charges become

\begin{equation}
    g_+^p = 1, \,\,\ g_-^p = 0, \,\,\ g_+^n = -\frac{1}{3}, \,\,\ g_-^n = \frac{1}{3}.
\end{equation}

Ref. \cite{sufian_analysis_2017} next introduces a free parameter, $r$, that multiplies the neutron effective charges, $g_+^n$ and $g_-^n$, in order to properly match $F_1^n$ to existing experimental data. In this paper, we will use $r = 1.5$, as done in Ref. \cite{deTeramond:2018ecg} and further motivated by an argument using wave function normalization \cite{privateconvo}. The effective charges now become

\begin{equation} \label{eff_charge_nomod}
    g_+^p = 1, \,\,\ g_-^p = 0, \,\,\ g_+^n = -\frac{1}{2}, \,\,\ g_-^n = \frac{1}{2}.
\end{equation}

In order to obtain expressions for the nucleon form factors, a simplified model is introduced which only uses the leading twist-3 term in the nucleon wave function. This leads to the following results for $F_1^N$,

\begin{equation} \label{f1p_nomod}
    F_1^p(Q^2)  = F_{\tau=3}(Q^2)
\end{equation}

\begin{equation} \label{f1n_nomod}
    F_1^n(Q^2)  = -\frac{1}{2}F_{\tau=3}(Q^2)  + \frac{1}{2} F_{\tau = 4}(Q^2).
\end{equation}

One can obtain the up ($u$) and down ($d$) valence PDFs of the free proton and neutron by using a flavor decomposition of nucleon form factors \cite{cates_flavor_2011}, and by writing the form factors for quark flavor $q$, $F^q$, in terms of the valence GPD $H^q_v (x,t)$,

\begin{equation} \label{flavordecomp}
    F_1^N  = \frac{2}{3} (F_1^u)^N - \frac{1}{3}(F_1^d)^N,
\end{equation}

\begin{equation} \label{flavordecomp_isospin}
    F_1^N = \frac{2}{3} (F_1^u)^N - \frac{1}{3}(F_1^d)^N \xrightarrow[\text{Symmetry}]{\text{Isospin}} (F_1^u)^p = 2F_1^p + F_1^n, \,\,\ (F_1^d)^p = F_1^p + 2F_1^n,
\end{equation}

\begin{equation} \label{flavorff}
    (F^q_1)^N = \int_0^1 dx \, H^q_v (x,t) = \int_0^1 dx \, q_v^N(x) e^{t f(x)},
\end{equation}

\noindent where $(F_1^q)^N$ is the $F_1$ flavor form factor for quark $q$ in nucleon $N$, $q_v^N(x)$ is the valence PDF for quark flavor $q$ in nucleon $N$, and $f(x)$ is the profile function \cite{deTeramond:2018ecg}.

Furthermore, Ref. \cite{de_teramond_gaugegravity_2010} recast Eq. (\ref{hff}) in terms of an Euler Beta Function and determined what the PDF is for $(F^q_1)^N = F_\tau$. The corresponding PDF for $F_\tau$, referred to as $q_\tau(x)$, is normalized to unity and is given by,

\begin{eqnarray}  &
q_\tau(x) =\frac{\Gamma \left(\tau -\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\sqrt{\pi } \Gamma (\tau -1)}\big(1- w(x)\big)^{\tau-2}\, w(x)^{- {\frac{1}{2}}}\, w'(x), \label{qt}
  \end{eqnarray}

\noindent with \begin{eqnarray} w(x) = x^{1-x} e^{-a (1-x)^2} \end{eqnarray}

\noindent where the flavor-independent parameter $a = 0.531 \pm 0.037$. Using Eqs. (\ref{f1p_nomod}, \ref{f1n_nomod}, \ref{flavordecomp_isospin}, \ref{flavorff}) one can obtain the valence $u$ and $d$ proton quark distributions at the matching scale between LFHQCD and pQCD, $\mu_0=1.06\pm 0.15 $ GeV \cite{deTeramond:2018ecg}.
\begin{eqnarray} &
u_v^p(x) ={3\over 2}q_3(x) +{1\over 2} q_4(x)\nonumber\\
&d_v^p(x)=q_4(x) \label{qdist}
,\end{eqnarray}
One can obtain the neutron valence PDFs through isospin symmetry.

From now on, we will drop the subscript $v$ and it is implied that all PDFs presented in this paper are valence. Also, notice that the above PDFs are expressed as a superposition of twist-$\tau$ PDFs, our quark degrees of freedom. The square of the proton and neutron wave functions are characterized by,

\begin{equation} \label{wfp_nomod}
    \Psi_p^2 \sim u^{p} + d^{p} = \frac{3}{2}q_3(x) + \frac{3}{2}q_4(x)
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}\label{wfn_nomod}
    \Psi_n^2 \sim u^{n} + d^{n} = \frac{3}{2}q_3(x) + \frac{3}{2}q_4(x)
\end{equation}

Tying back to the two-component model, the elastic form factors in the LFHQCD model fall asymptotically as $1/Q^{2\tau}$, and the slope of form factors as $Q^2=0$ is proportional to $\tau$. These features  mean  that an increase in the value of $\tau$ corresponds to an increase in effective size. Furthermore, Ref. \cite{deTeramond:2018ecg} notes that $\tau$ refers to the number of constituents in a given Fock component of the hadron. Therefore, the function $q_3$ is naturally associated with the a three quark PLC system and $q_4$ with the BLC. This association is also consistent with the discussion regarding the PLC dominating at high-$x$ as can be seen by analyzing $f(x) = q_3/q_4$ (Fig. \ref{fig:fxfig}).

\begin{figure}[H]
\hspace*{2.5cm}\includegraphics[width=5in]{f_x.pdf}
\caption{A plot of $f(x) = q_3/q_4$, as a function of $x$. Notice that $f(x)$ increases with increasing $x$, displaying the PLC dominance at high-$x$.}
\label{fig:fxfig}
\end{figure}

Lastly, normalizing Eqs. (\ref{wfp_nomod}, \ref{wfn_nomod}), the probability of the PLC, $P_{PLC}$, for both nucleons is equal to 1/2. Using Eq. (\ref{prob_nomod}), we find that $\epsilon = -1$.

\subsection{Modified Nucleon PDFs From Holographic QCD}
In order to introduce the effects of a nuclear medium we must identify terms in which the medium would modify: these terms are the probabilities that go into calculating the effective charges, $P_{N (\uparrow \downarrow)}^q$, and the nucleon wave functions, $\Psi_{\pm}(z)$. To obtain the nucleon wave functions, one must solve the effective single-variable light-front Schr\"{o}dinger Equation (SE) \cite{de_teramond_gaugegravity_2010}. The SE involves an effective potential that encompasses the confining interaction terms in the QCD Lagrangian, i.e. the potential due to the strong force. On the other hand, the nuclear medium can be thought of as the potential due to the nuclear force. As a result, the modification to the effective potential due to a nuclear medium is small; the same is true for $P_{N (\uparrow \downarrow)}^q$ by similar reasoning. In this study, we will only consider the consequences of nuclear mediums breaking SU(6) symmetry - i.e. modifying $P_{N (\uparrow \downarrow)}^q$.

Motivated by np dominance in SRCs, we expect the nuclear potential to depend on whether one introduces a proton or neutron into the nucleus. For example, we expect the proton to feel a stronger attraction to a nucleus if there is an abundance of neutrons and vice versa. We apply medium effects by introducing two free parameters (which both depend on mass and atomic numbers $A$ and $Z$ respectively), $\delta r_p(A,Z)$ and $\delta r_n(A,Z)$. With these two phenomenological parameters, we parameterize the effective charges in Eq. (\ref{eff_charge_nomod}) as

\begin{equation} \label{eff_charge_mod}
    \tilde{g}_+^p = 1 - \delta r_p(A,Z), \,\,\ \tilde{g}_-^p = \delta r_p(A,Z), \,\,\ \tilde{g}_+^n = -\frac{1}{2} - \delta r_n(A,Z), \,\,\ \tilde{g}_-^n = \frac{1}{2} + \delta r_n(A,Z).
\end{equation}

\noindent The $A$ and $Z$ dependencies in $\delta r_p$ and $\delta r_p$ are dropped from now on and are implied. The signs in front of $\delta r_p$ and $\delta r_n$ are motivated by the suppression of the PLC from the two-component model. We will soon see that the above parameterization leads to a suppression of the PLC, $q_3(x)$. Notice that if there is no nuclear medium, $\delta r_p$ = $\delta r_n$ = $0$, and the free nucleon effective charges are regained.

With Eq. (\ref{eff_charge_mod}), Eqs. (\ref{f1p_nomod}, \ref{f1n_nomod}) now become

\begin{equation} \label{f1p_mod}
    \tilde{F}_1^p(Q^2)  = (1 - \delta r_p)F_{\tau=3}(Q^2)  + \delta r_p F_{\tau=4}(Q^2),
\end{equation}

\begin{equation} \label{f1n_mod}
     \tilde{F}_1^n(Q^2)  = -\left(\frac{1}{2} + \delta r_n\right)F_{\tau=3}(Q^2)  + \left(\frac{1}{2} + \delta r_n\right) F_{\tau = 4}(Q^2).
\end{equation}

Care must be taken in obtaining the modified nucleon $u$ and $d$ valence PDFs. For $N \neq Z$, one cannot use Eq. (\ref{flavordecomp_isospin}) as the nuclear medium modifies protons and neutrons differently. However, one can use Eq. (\ref{flavordecomp_isospin}) for $N = Z$. We can thus obtain the expressions of modified nucleon valence PDFs for $N = Z$ and use their forms to intuit expressions for what the valence PDFs should be for arbitrary $N$ and $Z$. This process gives us the following medium modified proton valence PDFs,

\begin{equation} \label{mod_p_u}
    \tilde{u}^p = \left(\frac{3}{2} - 3\delta r_p\right)q_3(x) + \left(\frac{1}{2} + 3\delta r_p\right)q_4(x)
\end{equation}

\begin{equation} \label{mod_p_d}
    \tilde{d}^p = \left( - 3\delta  r_p\right)q_3(x) + \left(1 + 3\delta r_p\right)q_4(x)
\end{equation}

\noindent and the following modified neutron valence PDFs.

\begin{equation} \label{mod_n_u}
    \tilde{u}^n = \left( - 3\delta  r_n\right)q_3(x) +\left(1 + 3\delta r_n\right)q_4(x)
\end{equation}

\begin{equation} \label{mod_n_d}
    \tilde{d}^n = \left(\frac{3}{2} - 3\delta r_n\right)q_3(x) + \left(\frac{1}{2} + 3\delta  r_n\right)q_4(x)
\end{equation}

One can check that the above expressions for the modified PDFs, using Eqs. (\ref{flavordecomp}, \ref{flavorff}), give Eqs. (\ref{f1p_mod}, \ref{f1n_mod}). Again, notice that the above modified PDFs are expressed as a superposition quark degrees of freedom, $q_\tau$. Further, notice that we have a suppression of the PLC contribution to the above modified nucleon valence PDFs.

It is important to note that Eqs. (\ref{mod_p_u}, \ref{mod_p_d}, \ref{mod_n_u}, \ref{mod_n_d}) are not quantities constrained by data, the quantites that experimental DIS data constrains are the nuclear PDFs, $f^A$. Motivated by Ref. \cite{kovarik_ncteq15_2016}, we will define the nuclear PDFs as

\begin{equation}
    f^{A} = Z \tilde{f}^p + N \tilde{f}^n,
\end{equation}

\noindent Where $f$ denotes the quark flavor, $Z$ is the atomic number, $N$ is the number of neutrons, and $\tilde{f}^p$ ($\tilde{f}^n$) is the modified proton (neutron) PDF in nucleus $A$.

Lastly, the square of the modified proton and neutron wave functions are characterized by,

\begin{equation} \label{wfp_mod}
    \tilde{\Psi}_p^2 \sim \tilde{u}^p + \tilde{d}^p = \left(\frac{3}{2} - 6\delta r_p \right) q_3(x) + \left(\frac{3}{2} + 6 \delta r_p \right) q_4(x)
\end{equation}

\begin{equation} \label{wfn_mod}
    \tilde{\Psi}_n^2 \sim \tilde{u}^n + \tilde{d}^n = \left(\frac{3}{2} - 6\delta r_n \right) q_3(x) + \left(\frac{3}{2} + 6 \delta r_n \right) q_4(x)
\end{equation}

\noindent where even though we ignored the effects of the nuclear medium on $\Psi^{\pm}$, the wave functions still get modified due to modifications in the effective charges. Normalizing Eqs. (\ref{wfp_mod}, \ref{wfn_mod}), we find that the modified PLC probability is

\begin{equation}
    \tilde{P}_{PLC} = \frac{1}{2} - 2\delta r_p.
\end{equation}

Using Eq. (\ref{prob_mod}) and noting that $P_{PLC} = 1/2$, which leads to $\epsilon = 1$, we get a relationship between $\delta r_{(n,p)}$ and the nuclear potential,

\begin{equation}
    \tilde{P}_{PLC} = \frac{1}{2} - 2\delta r_p  = \frac{1}{2} \left(  1 - \frac{|U_{(n,p)}|}{\bar{\Delta}} \right),
\end{equation}

\begin{equation} \label{deltar}
    \delta r_{(n,p)} = \frac{1}{4} \frac{|U_{(n,p)}|}{\bar{\Delta}}.
\end{equation}

Lastly, using Eq. (\ref{cv}) we can obtain a relationship between $\delta r_{(n,p)}$ and virtuality

\begin{equation} \label{deltar_relations}
    \delta r_{(n,p)} = \frac{1}{4} \frac{|U_{(n,p)}|}{ \bar{\Delta}}=- \frac{M}{8} \frac{ \Cv_{(n,p)}}{\bar{\Delta}}.
\end{equation}

\section{EMC Ratios}
Rewriting the modified proton valence PDFs in Eqs. (\ref{mod_p_u}, \ref{mod_p_d}),

\begin{equation}
    \tilde u^p = u^p +3 \delta r_p (q_4 - q_3)
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
    \tilde d^p = d^p +3 \delta r_p (q_4 - q_3),
\end{equation}

\noindent and vice versa for the modified neutron PDFs. The modified DIS structure function for the proton is,

\begin{equation}
    \frac{\tilde F_2^p}{x} = \frac{4}{9} \tilde u^p + \frac{1}{9} \tilde d^p
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
       \frac{\tilde F_2^p}{x} = \frac{F_2^p}{x} + \frac{5}{3} \delta r_p (q_4 - q_3)
\end{equation}

The modified DIS structure function for the neutron is obtained the same way:

\begin{equation}
       \frac{\tilde F_2^n}{x} = \frac{F_2^n}{x} + \frac{5}{3} \delta r_n (q_4 - q_3).
\end{equation}

Thus, the $F_2$ DIS form factor for a nucleus of mass number A, with Z protons and N neutrons, is

\begin{equation}
    F_2^A = Z \tilde F_2^p + N \tilde F_2^n = \frac{4}{9} u^A +  \frac{1}{9} d^A,
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
     F_2^A = Z F_2^p + N F_2^n - \frac{5x}{3}(q_4 - q_3 )(Z \delta r_p + N \delta r_n).
\end{equation}

The EMC ratio for deuterium is thus,

\begin{equation}
    \frac{F_2^d}{F_2^p + F_2^n} = 1 - 4 \, \delta r(^2H)\left( \frac{1 - f(x)}{1 + f(x)} \right),
\end{equation}

\noindent where $\delta r(^2H)$ is the value of $\delta r_p$ and $\delta r_n$ for deuterium. Lastly, the EMC ratio, relative to deuterium, for a nucleus of mass and atomic numbers A and Z is

\begin{equation}
     \frac{2}{A} \frac{F_2^A}{F_2^{d}} = \frac{2}{A} \frac{Z F_2^p + N F_2^n - \frac{5}{3}(Z \delta r_p + N \delta r_n)(q_4 - q_3 )}{F_2^p + F_2^n - \frac{10}{3}\delta r(^2H)(q_4 - q_3 )}.
\end{equation}

\subsection{Fitting}
We determined $\delta r_p$ and $\delta r_p$ for a variety of nuclei by performing a $\chi^2$ minimization procedure.

\begin{equation} \label{chi}
    \chi^2 = \sum_{exp} \sum_{i} \frac{ ( f(x_{i}) - y_{i} * \eta_{exp})^2}{\sigma_{i^2}}
\end{equation}

We have a sum over experiments because we have data from different experiments for the same EMC ratio measurement. It is implied that the sum over $i$ is for the given experiment that is being summed over. $f(x_{i})$ is the model's prediction for the EMC effect evaluated at Bjorken $x_i$, $y_i$ is the experimental EMC effect data measured at Bjorken $x_i$, $\sigma_i$ is the uncertainty in the measurement of the EMC effect at Bjorken $x_i$, and $\eta_{exp}$ is the normalization factor that multiplies every data point in a given experiment. The inclusion of $\eta_{exp}$ is to further optimize the fitting of our model to experimental data. Most experiments include a normalization uncertainty, meaning that all measured data points can be multiplied by a constant that is within the normalization uncertainty. In addition to $\delta r_{p}$ and $\delta r_{p}$, $\eta_{exp}$ is also used as a fitting parameter with its fitting bounds being the normalization uncertainty for the given experiment being summed over.

Furthermore, uncertainties in $\delta r_p$ and $\delta r_n$ due to uncertainties outside of fitting, e.g. uncertainties in experimental data, were obtained through Monte Carlo error propagation. The uncertainties due to fitting were accounted for by adding them to the Monte Carlo uncertainties in quadrature, and then taking the square root.

The fitting procedure done in this paper goes as follows: we first fit the deuterium EMC ratio data in order to obtain $\delta r(^2H)$. Using this value of $\delta r(^2H)$, we then fit the rest of the EMC ratio data we had. For the case with $^3He/^2H$ and $^3He/^3H$, we performed a simultaneous fitting in order to obtain $\delta r_p$ and $\delta r_n$ values for $^3He$ and $^3H$.

\subsection{Results}
For the figures in this section, the published data from SLAC was obtained from Ref. \cite{slacdata1}, JLab from Refs. \cite{jlabdata1,jlabdata2}, CLAS from Ref. \cite{Schmookler:2019nvf}, MARATHON from Ref. \cite{abrams_measurement_2022}, and BONuS from Ref. \cite{griffioen_measurement_2015}. Furthermore, all experimental data used in this paper was removed of isoscalar corrections.

\begin{figure}[H]
\hspace{0.7in}\includegraphics[width=5in]{deutplt.pdf}
\caption{Deutherium EMC ratio comparisons between the LFHQCD model (red line) and published experimental data (removed isoscalar corrections) obtained from BONuS data (filled stars). The red bands display 1$\sigma$ uncertainties for the LFHQCD EMC model. The number in parenthesis next to the experiment name in the legend is the normalization factor that multiplies all the data points, $\eta_{exp}$ in Eq. (\ref{chi}).}
\label{fig:deutplot}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics[width=6.5in]{plt1.pdf}
\caption{EMC ratio comparisons between the LFHQCD model (red line) and published experimental data (removed isoscalar corrections) obtained from JLab (solid points) and MARATHON (solid triangles). The red bands display 1$\sigma$ uncertainties for the LFHQCD EMC model. The number in parenthesis next to the experiment name in the legend is the normalization factor that multiplies all the data points, $\eta_{exp}$ in Eq. (\ref{chi}).}
\label{fig:plt1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\hspace{-2.5cm}\includegraphics[width=8.75in]{plt2.pdf}
\caption{EMC ratio comparisons between the LFHQCD model (red line) and published experimental data (removed isoscalar corrections) obtained from SLAC (open boxes), JLab (solid points), and CLAS (crosses). The red bands display 1$\sigma$ uncertainties for the LFHQCD EMC model. The number in parenthesis next to the experiment name in the legend is the normalization factor that multiplies all the data points, $\eta_{exp}$ in Eq. (\ref{chi}).}
\label{fig:plt2}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\hspace{-2.5cm}\includegraphics[width=8.75in]{plt3.pdf}
\caption{EMC ratio comparisons between the LFHQCD model (red line) and published experimental data (removed isoscalar corrections) obtained from SLAC (open boxes), JLab (solid points), and CLAS (crosses). The red bands display 1$\sigma$ uncertainties for the LFHQCD EMC model. The number in parenthesis next to the experiment name in the legend is the normalization factor that multiplies all the data points, $\eta_{exp}$ in Eq. (\ref{chi}).}
\label{fig:plt3}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics[width=6.5in]{plt4.pdf}
\caption{EMC ratio comparisons between the LFHQCD model (red line) and published experimental data (removed isoscalar corrections) obtained from SLAC (open boxes), JLab (solid points), and CLAS (crosses). The red bands display 1$\sigma$ uncertainties for the LFHQCD EMC model. The number in parenthesis next to the experiment name in the legend is the normalization factor that multiplies all the data points, $\eta_{exp}$ in Eq. (\ref{chi}).}
\label{fig:plt4}
\end{figure}

There are strong parallels in the expressions for $F_2^A$ in this model and the SRC-based model in Ref. \cite{Schmookler:2019nvf}. Specifically, both models have expressions for $F_2^A$ which involve "free", $Z F_2^p + N F_2^n$, and medium modified contributions. Furthermore, in both models, the medium modified contribution depends on two parameters that capture the effects of a nuclear medium on the proton and neutron, multiplied by a function that is nucleus independent (the approach of using a nuclear independent universal function was also used in Ref. \cite{Alekhin:2022tip}, which controlled off shell correlations ). Motivated by this, we determined the relationships between our $\delta r_p$ and $\delta r_n$ values and the $a_2^p$ and $a_2^n$ values given in Ref. \cite{Schmookler:2019nvf}.

\begin{equation}
    a_2^p = \frac{1}{Z}\frac{\sigma_A(Q^2,x)}{\sigma_d(Q^2,x)} \Bigg|_{Q^2 > 1.5, \,\, 1.5 \,\,  \leq \,\, x \,\, \leq 2} \,\,\, , \,\,\,\,\,\, a_2^n = \frac{1}{N}\frac{\sigma_A(Q^2,x)}{\sigma_d(Q^2,x)}\Bigg|_{Q^2 > 1.5, \,\, 1.5 \,\, \leq \,\,  x \,\, \leq 2}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation} \label{a2_relations}
    a_2^p = \frac{\delta r_p}{\delta r(^2H)}, \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,  a_2^n = \frac{\delta r_n}{\delta r(^2H)}
\end{equation}

Where $A$ is the atomic number, $Z$ is the number of neutrons, $\sigma_A$ is the cross section of nucleus $A$, $\sigma_d$ is the cross section of deuterium, and the evaluation of $Q^2$ is in units of GeV$^2$. $a_2^p$ and $a_2^n$ are the per-proton and per-neutron SRC scaling coefficients, which are interpreted as the relative abundance of high-momentum nucleons in the measured nucleus relative to deuterium; they take into account the kinematic plateaus due to SRCs in inclusive QE scattering. With this parallel between both models in mind, our results for $\delta r_{(p,n)}$ from fitting are subject to the same relation between $a_2^p$ and $a_2^n$.

\begin{equation}
    \frac{a_2^p}{a_2^n} = \frac{\delta r_p}{\delta r_n} = \frac{N}{Z}
\end{equation}

Fig. \ref{fig:univ_func_comp} shows a comparison between the universal function in Ref. \cite{Schmookler:2019nvf}, parameterized in Ref. \cite{segarra_neutron_2020}, and the LFHQCD EMC model. They both agree within uncertainty within $0.35 < x < 0.7$.

\begin{figure}[H]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=5.5in]{universal_function_comparison.pdf}
    \caption{Comparison between Deuterium EMC ratio predicted by the LFHQCD Model (blue line) and by the universal function (orange line) parameterized in Segarra $\it{et}$ $\it{al.}$ 2020: Ref. \cite{segarra_neutron_2020}. The blue and orange shaded regions are the 1$\sigma$ uncertainty bands for the LFHQCD Model and universal function respectively.}
    \label{fig:univ_func_comp}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[H]
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{|P{1.5cm}|P{2.2cm}|P{2.2cm}|P{2.2cm}|P{2.2cm}|P{2.2cm}|P{2.2cm}|}
    \hline
    \multicolumn{1}{|c}{Nucleus} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{This Work} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{B. Schmookler $\it{et}$ $\it{al.}$ 2019} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{O. Hen $\it{et}$ $\it{al.}$ 2012} \\ \cline{2-7}
    \rule{0pt}{3ex}
    & $\delta r_p$ & $\delta r_n$ & $\delta r_p$ & $\delta r_n$ & $\delta r_p$ & $\delta r_n$ \\
    \hline
    \rule{0pt}{3ex}
    $^2$H & 0.010 $\pm$ 0.003 & 0.010 $\pm$ 0.003 & & & & \\
    \hline
    \rule{0pt}{3ex}
    $^3$He & 0.031 $\pm$ 0.003 & 0.061 $\pm$ 0.006 & & & 0.016 $\pm$ 0.005 & 0.03 $\pm$ 0.01\\
    \hline
    \rule{0pt}{3ex}
    $^3$H & 0.032 $\pm$ 0.006 & 0.016 $\pm$ 0.003 & & & & \\
    \hline
    \rule{0pt}{3ex}
    $^4$He & 0.040 $\pm$ 0.004 & 0.040 $\pm$ 0.004 & & & 0.04 $\pm$ 0.01 & 0.04 $\pm$ 0.01 \\
    \hline
    \rule{0pt}{3ex}
    $^9$Be & 0.044 $\pm$ 0.004 & 0.035 $\pm$ 0.003 & & & 0.045 $\pm$ 0.014 & 0.036 $\pm$ 0.012 \\
    \hline
    \rule{0pt}{3ex}
    $^{12}$C & 0.049 $\pm$ 0.003 & 0.049 $\pm$ 0.003 & 0.046 $\pm$ 0.015 & 0.046 $\pm$ 0.015 & 0.048 $\pm$ 0.016 & 0.048 $\pm$ 0.016 \\
    \hline
    \rule{0pt}{3ex}
    $^{27}$Al & 0.057 $\pm$ 0.003 & 0.053 $\pm$ 0.003 & 0.051 $\pm$ 0.016 & 0.047 $\pm$ 0.015 & & \\
    \hline
    \rule{0pt}{3ex}
    $^{56}$Fe & 0.074 $\pm$ 0.003 & 0.064 $\pm$ 0.003 & 0.053 $\pm$ 0.017 & 0.046 $\pm$ 0.015 & & \\
    \hline
    \rule{0pt}{3ex}
    $^{63}$Cu & 0.052 $\pm$ 0.003 & 0.044 $\pm$ 0.003 & & & 0.058  $\pm$ 0.019 & 0.049  $\pm$ 0.016\\
    \hline
    \rule{0pt}{3ex}
    $^{197}$Au & 0.072 $\pm$ 0.004 & 0.048 $\pm$ 0.003 & & & 0.065 $\pm$ 0.021 & 0.044 $\pm$ 0.014\\
    \hline
    \rule{0pt}{3ex}
    $^{208}$Pb & 0.078 $\pm$ 0.005 & 0.051 $\pm$ 0.003 & 0.062 $\pm$ 0.020 & 0.041 $\pm$ 0.013 & & \\
    \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \caption{The $\delta r_p$ and $\delta r_n$ medium modifications used in this study and ones calculated from values in B. Schmookler $\it{et}$ $\it{al.}$ 2019: Ref [29] and O. Hen $\it{et}$ $\it{al.}$ 2012: Ref [34] using Eq. (\ref{a2_relations}). The uncertainties for $\delta r_p$ and $\delta r_n$ calculated from the references were propagated using Eq. (\ref{a2_relations}). }
    \label{tab:tabulated_delta}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[H]
\hspace{2.5cm}\includegraphics[width=4.5in]{rp.pdf}
\caption{Plotted $\delta r_p$ values as a function of mass number, A, from Table. I (B. Schmookler $\it{et}$ $\it{al.}$ 2019: Ref [29], O. Hen $\it{et}$ $\it{al.}$ 2012: Ref [34]). }
\label{fig:plt5}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
\hspace{2.5cm}\includegraphics[width=4.5in]{rn.pdf}
\caption{Plotted $\delta r_n$ values as a function of mass number, A, from Table. I (B. Schmookler $\it{et}$ $\it{al.}$ 2019: Ref [29], O. Hen $\it{et}$ $\it{al.}$ 2012: Ref [34]).}
\label{fig:plt6}
\end{figure}

\section{Test for SRC Dominance}
From Eq. \ref{deltar_relations}, we see that $\delta r_{(n,p)}$ is proportional to the nuclear potential $|U_{(n,p)}|$, which is also proportional to the virtually. We can determine $|U_{(n,p)}|$ from our fitted $\delta r_{(p,n)}$ values by using Eq. (\ref{deltar}), and noting that the energy difference, $\bar{\Delta}$, between the nucleon ground state, $|N\rangle$, and the first excited state, $|X\rangle$, is approximately equal to the 500 MeV, the Roper Resonance. For $A \geq 4$, $\delta r_{(p,n)}$ values range from 0.035 to 0.078, thus $ 70 \,\, \mbox{MeV} \leq |U_{(n,p)}| \leq 156 \,\, \mbox{MeV}$. We decompose the nuclear potential into mean field and SRC contributions,

\begin{equation}
    U_{(n,p)} = U_{mean} + U_{SRC}
\end{equation}

Using a value of 50 MeV for the absolute value of the mean field \cite{Lilley:2009zz}, obtained from the nuclear shell model, we find the model is consistent with the intuition that high virtuality is due to SRCs; by "high" virtuality, we mean virtuality greater than the typical average virtuality due to the nuclear mean field. The arguments presented here cannot be used for nuclei with $A < 4$, as the mean field is undetermined.

\section{Nucleon Charge Radius Check}
Using our values of $\delta r_{(p,n)}$, we can determine the effects of medium modifications to the charge radius. The modified electromagnetic Sachs form factor is

\begin{equation}
    \tilde{G}_{EM}^N(Q^2) = \tilde{F}_1^N(Q^2)  - \frac{Q^2}{2M^2} \tilde{F}_2^N(Q^2).
\end{equation}

Where $F_1^N$ is obtained from Eqs. (\ref{f1p_nomod}, \ref{f1n_nomod}), $\tilde{F}_1^N$ is obtained from Eqs. (\ref{f1p_mod}, \ref{f1n_mod}), and $M$ is the nucleon mass which is approximately 938 MeV for the proton and neutron. The elastic form factors $F_2^N$ from LFHQCD are obtained from Ref. \cite{sufian_analysis_2017},

\begin{equation}
    F_2^p = \chi_p [   (1- \gamma_p)F_{\tau = 4} + \gamma_p F_{\tau = 6}],
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
    F_2^n = \chi_n [   (1- \gamma_n)F_{\tau = 4} + \gamma_n F_{\tau = 6}].
\end{equation}

\noindent Where $\chi_p = 1.793$ is the proton anomalous moment, $\chi_n = -1.913$ is the neutron anomalous moment, and $\gamma_p$ and $\gamma_n$ are the higher Fock probabilities given as 0.27 and 0.38 respectively from Ref. \cite{sufian_analysis_2017}. It is important to note that in our study, $F_2^N$ is not modified by the nuclear medium because it's expression does not involve effective charges. The change in the charge radius is given by

\begin{equation}
\sqrt{\frac{d \tilde{G}_{EM}^N (Q^2)}{d Q^2}\Bigg|_{Q^2 = 0} \Bigg/ \frac{d G_{EM}^N (Q^2)}{d Q^2}
\Bigg|_{Q^2 = 0}}
\end{equation}

Using the largest values for $\delta r_p$ and $\delta r_n$ from our fits, we find that, in the sample of nuclei that we have studied, the greatest increase in the proton and neutron charge radius is by 0.48\% and 2.9\% respectively. These results are consistent with an upper limit on the charge radius increase of 3.6\% given in Ref. \cite{mckeown_precise_1986}.

\section{Summary \& Discussion}
The results presented here provide a new model for the EMC effect using LFHQCD, motivated by a two-component model of the nucleon. The model suggests that the EMC effect is a result of the nuclear potential further breaking SU(6) symmetry. The effects of a nuclear medium are applied through two free parameters, $\delta r_p$ and $\delta r_n$, which modify the effective charges of a proton and neutron with positive and negative chiralities. The LFHQCD EMC model has strong parallels with the phenomenological model presented in Ref. \cite{Schmookler:2019nvf} in that the nuclear structure functions have contributions from uncorrelated nucleons and correlated nucleons in SRC pairs. As such, the model displays a connection with the correlation between the EMC effect and the SRC pair density. This model leads to good description of the EMC effect for a variety of nuclei, and gives results regarding changes to the proton and neutron charge radii that are consistent with Ref. \cite{mckeown_precise_1986}. A further study into the medium modification of nucleon wave functions would lead to a complete description of nuclear modifications in LFHQCD, as well as provide the first corrections to this model. Additionally a study into the nuclear potential's $A$ and $Z$ dependence would provide useful insight into the analytic form of $\delta r_{(n,p)}$. The degeneracy in the BLC and PLC due to $r$ = 3/2 leads to $\Delta = 0$, meaning that the PLC and BLC energy is degenerate, and is an unresolved issue.

\section*{Acknowledgements}

 D. N. Kim and G. A. Miller would like to thank Barak Schmookler, Or Hen, John Arrington, Guy F. de Teramond, Stanley J. Brodsky, Andrew W. Denniston, and Jackson Pybus for useful discussions. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under Award Number DE-FG02-97ER-41014.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


is there a way from code to see if the role "WebEditors" is included in CmsEditors?
The MappedRole virtual role exposes a Roles property. So you can use IVirtualRoleRepository.TryGetRole then cast the result to the EPiServer.Security.MappedRole type then access the Roles property.
I'm curious to know why you would want to do this though? As a developer you configure the application therefore configure the roles attribute so should know the roles without having to do a programmatic lookup?
we are using external identity provider but have to handle permissions and roles in episerver..
Just from looking at the role i dont know what that role is and if i should add some others claims needed to enter the edit mode..
Also i found that by adding user to Site1Editors does not add them automatically to WebEditors, so questions is if i have to add them manually to WebEditors?.. they cant access edit mode without being in WebEditors or Site1Editors be added to the edit path of cms.. i thought roles="WebEditors" did just that but looks like it does not..
Maybe im not on the right way here..
I think you might have gotten the config backwards. The config line you mentioned above will add a new virtual role called Site1Editors. And in order to be part of that role the user needs to be part of the role WebEditors.
That will make it so that any user that is part of the Site1Editors role (which ever system it comes from) will be considered to be part of the CmsEditors role.
Also, I suggest to look at the <location path="EPiServer"> section in your web.config to see what roles are allow to access it.
I post the solution to my original question even tho i wont be using it anymore since Per´s answer solved my problem :)..


Are Sidethorn and Granny part of the hidden hand/show? One thing for sure: normal people don't confront crisis actors like they do – as much as they want to.
This entry was posted in Controlled Opposition, Faketube on June 20, 2018 by ab.


How can I Recover Data from My Dead iPhone?
"My iPhone 6 Plus is dead – it won't charge. How do I retrieve my data, especially the pics?"
When your iPhone is dead, saving the data from it is urgent. We have already covered easy solutions to get back lost data from iPhone which is working properly. But, what should you do with a dead iPhone? Take it easy. You can recover dead iPhone data in just a few clicks with the help of a professional dead iPhone data recovery tool. It retrieves dead iPhone contacts, messages, pictures, videos and more. Currently, it works perfectly on iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, iPhone 6 Plus, 6, 5S, 5C, 5, 4S, 4. It is safe since you don't need to worry about the leakage of your crucial data.
iPhone Data Recovery for Mac can retrieve dead iPhone contacts, messages, pictures, videos, notes and more. And according to our situations, it has 2 different recovery methods: recover dead iPhone data via iTunes backup(solution 1), or iCloud backup(solution 2).
Free download the trial version below and have a try.
The guide below is based on the Mac version of the software. Windows (Windows 8.1/8/7/XP/Vista) can refer to how to recover dead iPhone data on Windows.
A dead iPhone usually can't to be scanned successfully. But if you have backed up your data via iTunes, you are allowed to access these files through iTunes backup.
Launch iPhone Data Recovery, and switch to "Recover Data from iTunes Backup File" on the main interface. Select your iTunes backup file and scan the backup. After scanning, you can start to restore photos, contacts, messages from your dead iPhone.
If you have an iCloud account and backed up data in iCloud, you can also recover data from iCloud backup.
Switch to "Recover Data from iCloud Backup File" on the program. Sign into your iCloud account and select the iCloud backup file to download. Then you can freely view all files on the dead iPhone and retrieve them.
Note: If you have logged in to iCloud on your computer before, you can switch to Software Access which enables you to log in automatically.
Considering the iCloud insecurity to save data, you are advised to secure your iCloud account and private data.
To fix a dead iPhone, a free iOS stuck fix utility is suggested. It is adept in solving these iPhone dead problems, white apple logo, red iTunes logo, and iPhone reboot loop problems. Turn to our detailed step-by-step guide to fix your dead iPhone.
When your iPhone restarts, it will come back to normal. If you lose anything, directly get back lost files from your iPhone.


The movie story deals with Dorababu, a happy go lucky villager living life to his fullest and just believing in spreading warmth and happiness. And gradually in due course of time he falls head over heels for Swapna. A charming beauty and a lovable soul, Sapna also falls for his simplicity and affection. he undergoes a hypnotic experience when he accidentally jumps into the village river near an undiscovered temple area. He gathers strength after losing all his energy after an arrac-guzzling bout, raises like a possessed man, fights those who have come to raze the temple with gusto, sits on the temple steps and twirls his moustache like the royal Devaraya.


text:
Find the latest news from MakanDay
Pamela was in Namwala and observed that the affected areas, and the entire town, has no drainage system. She established that the only available single culvert, with Road Development Agency (RDA) branding, is old, small and can hardly hold off a huge volume of water.
In Uganda, repression by the ageing Museveni's 37-year-old National Resistance Movement regime is only intensifying. The country is home to one of the world's youngest populations, with 77% of citizens below 25 years old.
Zimbabwe | No human rights for 'bad apples'
According to Zimbabwe's leaders, suppressing the people described by acting ZANU-PF spokesman Patrick Chinamasa as 'hired hooligans and hoodlums' is simply the right thing to do.
Brezh Malaba
UN experts intervene in toxic legacy class action against lead pollution
The class action suit was filed on behalf of children and women of child-bearing age who have suffered injury and harm as a result of exposure to lead pollution.
Cry Freedom
Repression and resistance: how a new generation challenges African autocrats and their international allies
Evelyn Groenink
GLOBETROTTING NEWS ANCHOR WITH A PASSION FOR AFRICA
Although Viviers has lived in South Africa for most of her life, she has her roots in Zambia
In this column, Bazzi plots new ways of becoming famous, and investigates The President's claim to Christian Sainthood. Perhaps both The President and Bazzi need a career change.
Zambia | A long and potholed road ahead
The challenge of a New Dawn in a thoroughly damaged country
Charles Mafa / ZAM Magazine
LONG WAIT FOR NYIRENDA'S BURIAL
With results of the mandatory post-mortem still pending release, disturbing details of the Nyirenda debacle are slowly beginning to emerge. For instance, is the body purported to be that of Nyirenda really the one being closely guarded at the UTH mortuary? Furthermore, is there a body at all?
Pamela Kapekele & Linda Soko
Dr Malungo is part of a team at Smile Train that has provided free corrective surgery to 1.5 million children with cleft lip and palate across the world. Her journey began at the University of Zambia where she obtained a Bachelor of Science in Human Biology, Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery.
HICHILEMA'S ABOLITION OF CRIMINAL DEFAMATION OF THE PRESIDENT
The author argues that the decision by President Hakainde Hichilema to abolish the crime of defaming the Zambian President is a judgment on the competence of the Zambian Judiciary.
Dr. O'Brien Kaaba
Zambia-trained Rwandan genocide survivor becomes one of South Africa's gynaecologist oncologists
Uzabakiriho, who got his first job clearing dead bodies off the streets in Congo is now one of the eight African male gynaecologist oncologists in South Africa. His recent graduation at the University of Pretoria marked a culmination of a dream that began in 1994.
CHAOTIC DISTRIBUTION OF CDF FACING SCRUTINY
Tempers are rising high in Mansa, caused by delays in the release of CDF money meant for various development initiatives. Adding fuel to the fire are allegations that disbursements were focused mainly on Patriotic Front dominated cooperatives, writes Annabel Mulenga in Mansa.
Abigail Mulenga - Luapula Province
ZAMBIAN STUDENT WHO DIED IN UKRAINE WAS RECRUITED BY RUSSIA'S PRIVATE WAGNER MILITARY GROUP
In November this year, the head of Wagner, Yevgeny Prigozhin, admitted recruiting Nyirenda from prison, claiming the young man willingly agreed to go and fight against Ukraine.
Pamela Mutale Kapekele Video and pictures by Linda Soko-Tembo
Defaming Democracy
GOVERNMENT SHUTS CHINESE MINES
After years of resident complaints of toxic fumes and health issues, Government has issued an order to close the Chinese-owned Collum coal mine in Sinazongwe district in Southern Province.
Linda Soko Tembo
ANTI-CORRUPTION WATCHDOG "UNAWARE" OF CORRUPTION CLAIMS AT ZCF
ACC head of corporate communications Timothy Moono, said during the routine quarterly media briefing in Lusaka that the "Commission does not have eyes everywhere" and that help from citizens is required to deal with corruption.
LINYUNGANDAMBO AND THE BAROTSELAND AGREEMENT QUESTION
In this article, the author tries to demonstrate that Linyungandambo has a genuine concern and that a lawful and constitutionally viable solution can be found.
THE ZAMBIAN STUDENT WHO DIED ON THE RUSSIAN FRONTLINE
Lemekhani Nathan Nyirenda was serving a nine-year prison sentence in Russia. So how did he end up dying in combat in Ukraine?
Pamela Kapekele
KINAHAN CARTEL: Drug lord's African dream to buy a fleet of obsolete Egyptian military aircraft
Kinahan, 65, is the leader of one of Europe's most notorious gangs, a narcotics, money-laundering and arms-trafficking cartel with ties to Asia, Latin America and the Middle East.
Golden Matonga and ICIJ
RUNNING STOMACHS, THE ORDER OF THE DAY IN NKADABBWE
The water which residents use for cooking, drinking, cleaning and irrigating their crops is from Nkadabbwe stream which flows through the mine. The residents allege that their wells and boreholes are equally contaminated.
Mfuwe revisited
In this newest monthly column, Bazzi does not promise to be as entertaining as Roy Clarke, but he only promises to try his best to get deported.
TOP ZAMBIAN PRESIDENTIAL ADVISOR EMBROILED IN POLICE INVESTIGATION INTO 'MISDIRECTED' SUN PHARMACEUTICALS' FUNDS
The MakanDay Centre for Investigative Journalism's attempts to get an explanation from government or presidential authorities have been unsuccessful. No official or politician seems to know anything about Sadhu's arrest and release.
Charles Mafa
IMPOSTERS FLOOD THE LABOUR MARKET
The consultants, who are supposed to advise citizens about labour-related matters, are also faking as labour officers and charging clients exorbitant amounts of money for the service.
LESOTHO'S DANGEROUS WATER GAMBLE
The Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA), says mining operations of Letšeng Diamond Mine, Storm Mountain Diamonds (Kao) and Liqhobong Diamond Mine continue to pollute water sources critical in the project catchment areas in Mokhotlong & Botha-Botha
PASCALINAH KABI - Bertha Fellow
ZAMBIA: MINES SAFETY DEPARTMENT'S APPALLING RECORD
MakanDay prepared a set of questions, including what action has been taken to prevent injuries and deaths at a Chinese-owned mine in north-western Zambia, the department chose to redirect the request to the parent ministry.
ZAMBIAN "HYENA MAN" ACCUSED OF ATTEMPTED RAPE OF A 14-YEAR-OLD GIRL
The family of a 14-year-old girl are calling for criminal charges to be laid against a man who participated in the "kuthila nsembe" traditional ceremony of the Nsenga people in Chieftainess Mwanjabanthu's chiefdom in Petauke district in eastern Zambia.
THE CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF GAY PEOPLE IN ZAMBIA
It is clear to us that gay people are entitled to all rights in the Constitution, like any other person. These include freedoms of expression, assembly and association, privacy, equality and dignity, Dr. O'Brien Kaaba and Dr. Pamela Towela Sambo writes that they should be left alone.
Dr. O'Brien Kaaba & Dr. Pamela Towela Sambo
Gone with the wind: Lesotho's $15-billion energy pipedream
A wind farm hailed as Africa's largest renewable energy project and the solution to Lesotho's hefty electricity costs has ground to a halt. Sechaba Mokhethi investigates why.
Sechaba Mokhethi
A DECADE-LONG LAND OWNERSHIP WRANGLE REFUSES TO DIE
Experts say because of farmers' inability to prove ownership, legal disputes and land grabs are escalating land wrangles in the country.
Christopher Miti - Chipata (Eastern Province)
Find the latest COVID 19 news from MakanDay
My journey to the edge with Covid-19 - Part 5
Part V IN the last of his final installment of this exclusive series, JOHN MUKELA, MakanDay's managing partner, recounts his ordeal with Cov
John Mukela
My journey to the edge with Covid – 19 - Part 4
Part IV JOHN MUKELA, MakanDay's managing partner is a Covid-19 survivor. In this fourth installment of this exclusive series, he recounts hi
Part III JOHN MUKELA, MakanDay's managing partner, recounts his brush with Covid-19 in this exclusive series. AROUND midnight, I was awaken
Part II JOHN MUKELA, MakanDay's managing partner, has just recovered from Covid-19. In this second installment of this exclusive series, he
JOHN MUKELA, MakanDay's managing partner and editor-in-chief, has just recovered from Covid-19. In this series of articles, he recounts his

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If your organization made this list of top performing large sales organizations, CONGRATULATIONS! You are Best in Class in Profiles RMPC Large Sales Force Analysis. Best in Class companies are listed here alphabetically. You can get the complete list by downloading the full report.


In India, much is written and discussed on the topic of home purchase, because homeownership is a topic close to the heart of most Indians. Also, buying a home invariably involves a very big part of an average Indian family's existing and future finances. This is why when things go wrong in home purchase, the fallout can be quite severe. That particular path obviously needs to be plotted very carefully.
• The money spent on renting a home is obviously not an investment which can yield returns.
• Shared apartments: In this model, working individuals or students can pool their money to rent an apartment and live in it together, more or less on their own terms and certainly without the limitations of a PG scenario. They have their own privacy and do not come under the owners' scrutiny unless there are issues with other apartment owners, or the apartment is not used as specified in the rental agreement. Like PG accommodation, the shared apartment model is popular in areas which have educational institutions or office complexes in the neighbourhood.


STEINHAUSEN, Switzerland, July 10, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Transocean Ltd. (NYSE:RIG) announced today that Transocean Pontus Limited ("Transocean Pontus"), a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Transocean, has priced an offering of senior secured notes. Transocean Pontus will issue U.S. $600 million in aggregate principal amount of senior secured notes due 2025 (the "Notes") to eligible purchasers pursuant to Rule 144A/Regulation S.
The Notes will bear interest at the rate of 6.125% per annum and will be callable after August 1, 2021. The offering is expected to close on or about July 20, 2018, subject to customary closing conditions. Transocean Pontus expects to receive aggregate net proceeds of approximately $586 million from the offering, after deducting the initial purchasers' discount and estimated offering costs.


15-Year Anniversary in style with a sensational 12-bout card featuring the best local talent.
Presented by DiBella Entertainment and Uprising Promotions in association with The Real Deal Boxing, tickets, priced at $150, $125, $100, $60 and $35, can be purchased in advance through the Kings Theatre Box Office or online HERE. Kings Theatre is located at 1027 Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11226. Doors will open on the night of the event at 6:00pm. More information about the venue can be found on their website, www.KingsTheatre.com.
Boxing fans worldwide can also catch all the nonstop action on the new DiBella Entertainment streaming home at a cost of $4.95 by clicking HERE.
The 21-year-old knockout artist Edgar Berlanga (8-0, 8 KOs), of Brooklyn, NY, will clash with Washington, D.C. native Gregory Clark (3-2-1, 1 KO) in a scheduled six-rounder. Berlanga returns to Kings Theatre following his first-round stoppage of Aaron Garcia on June 9. The 27-year-old Clark will be looking to bounce back into the win column following a hard-fought six-round decision loss to undefeated prospect Carlos Monroe on June 30.
In a six-round junior lightweight battle, top undefeated prospect Jude "King Zar" Franklin (8-0, 7 KOs), of Brooklyn, NY, will face battle-tested veteran Danny "Venado" Flores (15-13-1, 8 KOs), of Mexico City, Mexico. The 23-year-old will be making the third start of his 2018 campaign, most recently scoring a fourth-round stoppage of Angel Jimenez on June 21, in Queens, NY. Flores has faced numerous undefeated prospects including Hairon Socarras, Francisco Martinez, Emilio Sanchez, Ramon Cardenas and Ivan Morales.
In an eight-round welterweight bout, 20-year-old Josue "The Prodigy" Vargas (11-1, 7 KOs), of Bronx, NY, will face Dieumerci "The Elephant" Nzau (11-5, 8 KOs), of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A fan favorite among the Puerto Rican community, Vargas will be looking to build on his five-bout winning streak, most recently recording a seventh-round stoppage of Victor Vasquez on April 21. The 30-year-old Nzau will be making his debut in the United States having recently compiled a six-bout winning streak, five by knockout.
(10-3-4, 1 KO) will battle undefeated Mayra Hernandez (6-0, 4 KOs), of Tulsa, OK. A native of Haiti, the Brooklyn-based St. Vil most recently challenged for the WBC Super Featherweight World Title, losing a very close, hard fought majority decision to Eva Wahlstrom in Helsinki, Finland, on April 6.Hernandez will be making her first start of the year, having scored a fourth-round knockout over Mistery Neal on September 9, 2017.
In the welterweight division, Mathew "Lefty Gunz" Gonzalez (6-0, 4 KOs), of Ridgewood, NY, looks to stay unbeaten in a scheduled six-rounder against Jordan Morales (3-4, 2 KOs), of Sunbury, PA. The 23-year-old Gonzalez will be making his fifth start of 2018 on September 29 with his last three victories coming at Kings Theatre. Morales is coming off a four-round decision victory against previously undefeated Rick Pyle on August 4.
Fighting for the first time at Kings Theatre, 22-year-old Khalid Twaiti (3-0, 2 KOs), of Brooklyn, NY, will face off against Carlos "Noe" Ramirez (1-2, 1 KO), of Ensenada, Mexico, in a four-round junior featherweight bout. The all-action Twaiti returns to battle following a third-round knockout of Joseph Cole on May 5. Ramirez earned his first victory on August 3, with a second-round stoppage of Hector Gonzalez.
Former amateur standout Justin "The Brooklyn Torch" Biggs (4-0, 4 KOs), of Brooklyn, NY, will face Noe Lozano (2-3), of Fort Pierce, FL, in a scheduled six-round middleweight bout. Having won multiple New York Golden Gloves titles, Biggs continues to show promise as a professional with two knockout victories this year at Kings Theatre. Lozano looks to return to the win column following a hard-fought decision loss to Yulian Tembotov on March 10.
Heavyweights will see action in a scheduled six-rounder as Bahkodir Jalolov (1-0, 1 KO), of Los Angeles, CA, clashes with Eduardo Vitela (3-2, 2 KOs), of Durango, Mexico. Jalolov, a 2016 Olympian from Uzbekistan, kicked off his professional career with a third-round knockout of Hugo Trujillo on May 5. Vitela is returning to battle after a first-round knockout of Cesar Escareno on June 19, in Monterrey, Mexico. Jalolov versus Vitela is presented in association with Fight Promotions Inc.
In a six-round welterweight scrap, Brooklyn's Zachary "Zungry" Ochoa (19-1, 7 KOs), will face Michael Odhiambo (15-9, 12 KOs), of Nairobi, Kenya. Since suffering his only loss in March 2017, the 25-year-old Puerto Rican prospect has gotten back on track with three straight victories including a six-round unanimous decision versus Oscar Barajas on June 9, at Kings Theatre. Fighting for the first time in the United States, Odhiambo will be looking to return to the win column having previously won three of his last four from the start of 2016.
Popular cruiserweight newcomer Giovanni Scuderi, of Italy, will make his professional debut in a scheduled four-round bout against Charles Johnson (1-1, 1 KO), of Upper Marlboro, MD.
Popular super middleweight prospect Junior Younan (13-0-1, 9 KOs), of Brooklyn, NY, returns to action in an eight-round battle against Evert Bravo (24-8-1, 18 KOs), of Arboletes, Colombia. The unbeaten Younan looks to charge back into the win column after a nationally televised split decision draw against Ronald Ellis on February 2. This past November, Bravo challenged Long Island's Seanie Monaghan, dropping a hard-fought eight-round decision in Brooklyn.
Rounding out the stacked card in a four-round welterweight battle, Pablo Valdez (1-0, 1 KO), of the Dominican Republic, faces off against Alexander Serna (1-2, 1 KO).


writing poetry (experimental poetry)- I've been writing since I was 16. The last time I counted I had over 120 poems. I wish I could write daily like Walt Whitman did, but that's nearly impossible for me.
website & graphic design- This hobby started in 1999. I was inspired by MPVixen & Michael Dutton's websites.
gardening (I love roses & terrariums)- It brings me a lot of joy to visit the rose garden at the New York Botanical Garden.
touring historic homes & sites- This is something my husband & I both enjoy very much.
miniatures & dollhouses- My husband's Grandma Hope inspired me. This hobby began in 2003, with the partial construction of my Greenleaf Dollhouse-Pierce/Annabelle. I will continue to post my progress.
I would love to travel much more than I currently do! I love beachy destinations most.
Books: The Shopaholic series by Sophie Kinsella, Bergdorf Blondes & Debutante Divorcee by Plum Sykes, The Power Broker by Robert A. Caro, Bringing Home The Birkin by Michael Tonello. I probably like the less academic type books sometimes since I need something to balance out my very Type A personality.
TV Shows: Criminal Minds, Law & Order SVU, Frasier, Life On Mars, Dexter, Person of Interest, Breaking Bad, Elementary, The Americans, Better Call Saul, anything Marvel.
Music: I'm very eclectic in what I like.


compact microwave oven built in compact microwave oven.
compact microwave oven light duty compact microwave oven.
compact microwave oven compact microwave oven with grill.
compact microwave oven stainless steel compact microwave oven with grill.
compact microwave oven black compact microwave oven.
compact microwave oven compact microwave oven em.
compact microwave oven built in compact microwave oven brushed steel.
compact microwave oven ice white glass compact microwave oven with grill.
compact microwave oven watt microwave built in stainless steel new from.
compact microwave oven ft compact microwave stainless steel front standard.
compact microwave oven liter grill compact microwave oven black silver brand warranty.
compact microwave oven compact microwave oven.
compact microwave oven built in compact microwave high wide.
compact microwave oven compact microwave oven stainless steel design cm.
compact microwave oven previous next.
compact microwave oven watt microwave oven.
compact microwave oven watt compact microwave with 3 year warranty.
compact microwave oven new white compact microwave oven model max 1.


WestEast Design Group LLC, San Antonio, Texas, has been awarded an indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract with a program ceiling of $950,000,000 for design and construction services. Contractor will provide Architect-Engineering (A-E) 2013 design and construction service, including A-E services to support Sustainment, Restoration and Modernization programs in the continental U.S. - Central Region. The work includes efforts to perform Title I, Title II, and other A-E services to administer, coordinate, and technically support the Air Force Civil Engineer's Sustainment, Restoration and Modernization program areas. Work will be performed at government locations in the following states: Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming, and is expected to be complete by Aug. 7, 2023. This award is the result of a competitive acquisition and 83 offers received. Fiscal 2016 operation and maintenance funds in the amount of $3,000 are being obligated at the time of award. Air Force Installation Contracting Agency, 772nd Enterprise Sourcing Squadron, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas, is the contracting activity (FA8903-16-D-0022).
Reid Middleton Inc., Everett, Washington, has been awarded an indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract with a program ceiling of $950,000,000 for design and construction services. Contractor will provide Architect-Engineering (A-E) 2013 design and construction service, including A-E services to support Sustainment, Restoration and Modernization programs in the continental U.S. - West Region. The work includes efforts to perform Title I, Title II, and other A-E services to administer, coordinate, and technically support the Air Force Civil Engineer's Sustainment, Restoration and Modernization program areas. Work will be performed at government locations in the following states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington, and is expected to be complete by Aug. 7, 2023. This award is the result of a competitive acquisition and 83 offers received. Fiscal 2016 operation and maintenance funds in the amount of $3,000 are being obligated at the time of award. Air Force Installation Contracting Agency, 772nd Enterprise Sourcing Squadron, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas, is the contracting activity (FA8903-16-D-0016).
CB&I Federal Services LLC, Alexandria, Virginia, has been awarded a $400,000,000 indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract for the Facilities Acquisitions for Restoration and Modernization program. Contractor will provide for the mechanical, electrical, and controls for construction, and/or design-build projects for military ground testing facilities. These projects include plan and infrastructure sustainment, restoration, and modernization to support the research, development, test and evaluation mission. Work will be performed at Arnold Engineering Development Complex, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, and its associated geographically separated units at White Oak, Maryland; and Moffett Field, California, and is expected to be complete by Aug. 7, 2021. This award is a result of a competitive, multiple-award acquisition, and 13 offers were received. Fiscal 2016 research, development, test and evaluation funds in the amount of $758,463 are being obligated at the time of award. The Air Force Test Center, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee is the contracting activity (FA9101-16-D-0006).
Black & Veatch Construction Inc., Overland Park, Kansas, has been awarded a $400,000,000 indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract for the Facilities Acquisitions for Restoration and Modernization program. Contractor will provide for the mechanical, electrical, and controls for construction, and/or design-build projects for military ground testing facilities. These projects include plan and infrastructure sustainment, restoration, and modernization to support the research, development, test and evaluation mission. Work will be performed at Arnold Engineering Development Complex, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, and its associated geographically separated units at White Oak, Maryland; and Moffett Field, California, and is expected to be complete by Aug. 7, 2021. This award is a result of a competitive, multiple-award acquisition, and 13 offers were received. Fiscal 2016 research, development, test and evaluation funds in the amount of $910,594 are being obligated at the time of award. The Air Force Test Center, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, is the contracting activity (FA9101-16-D-0007).
Turner Construction Co., New York, New York, has been awarded a $400,000,000 indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract for the Facilities Acquisitions for Restoration and Modernization program. Contractor will provide for the mechanical, electrical, and controls for construction, and/or design-build projects for military ground testing facilities. These projects include plan and infrastructure sustainment, restoration, and modernization to support the research, development, test and evaluation mission. Work will be performed at Arnold Engineering Development Complex, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, and its associated geographically separated units at White Oak, Maryland; and Moffett Field, California, and is expected to be complete by Aug. 7, 2021. This award is a result of a competitive, multiple-award acquisition, and 13 offers were received. Fiscal 2016 research, development, test and evaluation funds in the amount of $583,529 are being obligated at the time of award. The Air Force Test Center, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, is the contracting activity (FA9101-16-D-0008).
Healtheon Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, has been awarded a $400,000,000 indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract for the Facilities Acquisitions for Restoration and Modernization program. Contractor will provide for the mechanical, electrical, and controls for construction, and/or design-build projects for military ground testing facilities. These projects include plan and infrastructure sustainment, restoration, and modernization to support the research, development, test and evaluation mission. Work will be performed at Arnold Engineering Development Complex, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, and its associated geographically separated units at White Oak, Maryland; and Moffett Field, California, and is expected to be complete by Aug. 7, 2021. This award is a result of a competitive, multiple-award acquisition, and 13 offers were received. Fiscal 2016 research, development, test and evaluation funds in the amount of $657,494 are being obligated at the time of award. The Air Force Test Center, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, is the contracting activity (FA9101-16-D-0009).
Automotive & Industrial Supply Co., Ogden, Utah, has been awarded a $9,541,470 indefinite-delivery requirements contract for FP-360 aircraft coating. Contractor will provide advanced spectrally filled polyurethane topcoat and related products used by the 309th Aircraft Maintenance Group for painting F-16 aircraft. Work will be performed at Hill Air Force Base, Utah, and is expected to be complete by July 31, 2020. This award is the result of a sole-source acquisition. No funds are being obligated at the time of award. Air Force Sustainment Center, Hill Air Force Base, Utah, is the contracting activity (FA8224-16-D-0004).
General Atomics - Aeronautical Systems Inc., Poway, California, has been awarded a $8,833,175 contract for the Block 30 ground control station kit upgrades and Predator mission aircrew training system Delta kits effort. Work will be performed at Poway, California, and is expected to be completed by March 28, 2018. This award is the result of a sole-source acquisition. Fiscal 2014 and 2016 aircraft procurement funds in the amount of $8,833,175 are being obligated at the time of award. Air Force Life Cycle Management Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, is the contracting activity (FA8620-15-G-4040).
Raytheon Missile Systems, Tucson, Arizona, was awarded a $129,429,079 modification (P00047) to a foreign military sales contract W31P4Q-12-C-0265 for procurement of tube launched optically tracked wireless guided missiles for the Marine Corps, Army, and foreign military customers Bahrain and Morocco. Work will be performed in Tucson, Arizona (65 percent); and Farmington, New Mexico (35 percent), with an estimated completion date of Aug. 4, 2018. Fiscal 2016 operations and maintenance funds in the amount of $93,224,425; fiscal 2015 operations and maintenance, Army funds in the amount of $6,723,463; fiscal 2014 operations and maintenance, Army funds in the amount of $55,637; and fiscal 2010 other funds in the amount of $29,425,554 were obligated at the time of the award. Army National Guard Bureau, Arlington, Virginia, is the contracting activity.
Atkins North America Inc., Dallas, Texas, was awarded a $45,000,000 firm-fixed-price contract for architect-engineer services for Army and Air National Guard in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia. Services include planning, programming design and construction support. Bids were solicited via the Internet with 33 received. Work locations and funding will be determined with each order, with an estimated completion date of Aug. 7, 2021. Army National Guard Bureau, Arlington, Virginia, is the contracting activity (W9133L-16-D-0008).
K Belle Consultants LLC,* New Orleans, Louisiana, was awarded a $13,076,228 firm-fixed-price contract for hurricane protection system. Bids were solicited via the Internet with nine received. Work will be performed in Venice, Louisiana, with an estimated completion date of Dec. 5, 2018. Fiscal 2016 other funds in the amount of $13,076,228 were obligated at the time of the award. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana, is the contracting activity (W912P8-16-C-0051).
BBIX LLC,* Boston, Massachusetts, was awarded a $12,595,000 firm-fixed-price contract for construction of a new dormitory at Hanscom Air Force Base. Bids were solicited via the Internet with nine received. Work will be performed in Bedford, Massachusetts, with an estimated completion date of Aug. 20, 2018. Fiscal 2015 military construction funds in the amount of $12,595,000 were obligated at the time of the award. Army Corps of Engineers, Concord, Massachusetts, is the contracting activity (W912WJ-16-C-0011).
Martin Brothers Construction,* Sacramento, California, was awarded an $11,760,406 firm-fixed-price contract for construct phase a 400 parking ramp including demolition, excavation, constructing new pavement, Taxiway H, drainage system, pavement markings and accessories. Bids were solicited via the Internet with one received. Work will be performed at Travis Air Force Base, California, with an estimated completion date of Nov. 5, 2017. Fiscal 2016 operations and maintenance, Army funds in the amount of $11,760,406 were obligated at the time of the award. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento, California, is the contracting activity (W91238-16-C-0022).
Mike Hooks LLC, Westlake, Louisiana, was awarded an $11,249,000 firm-fixed-price contract for maintenance dredging. Bids were solicited via the Internet with four received. Work will be performed at Lake Charles, Louisiana, with an estimated completion date of June 30, 2017. Fiscal 2016 operations and maintenance, Army funds in the amount of $11,249,000 were obligated at the time of the award. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana, is the contracting activity (W912P8-16-C-0052).
The Protective Group, A Point Blank Co., Miami Lakes, Florida, was awarded a $7,500,000 modification (P00002) to contract W911W6-13-D-0014 for advancement of state-of-the-art in balance protection by increasing the ballistic performance; reducing areal density and thickness; and improving multi-hit performance of component- and system-level threat protection devices and systems. Work locations and funding will be determined with each order, with an estimated completion date of March 18, 2017. Army Contracting Command, Fort Eustis, Virginia, is the contracting activity.
Caddell-Nan JV, Montgomery, Alabama, is being awarded a $79,721,831 firm-fixed-price contract for construction of the medical/dental clinic replacement at Marine Corps Base Hawaii. Work will be performed in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, and is expected to be completed by December 2018. Fiscal 2016 military construction (Defense-wide) contract funds in the amount of $79,721,831 are obligated on this award, of which $49,905,837 will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured via the Federal Business Opportunities website, with five proposals received. The Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii, is the contracting activity (N62742-16-C-1312).
Pave-Tech Inc.,* Vista, California, is being awarded a $10,971,235 firm-fixed-price contract for construction of P-8A Detachment support facilities at Marine Corps Base Hawaii. Renovation performed on the second floor of Building 6470 are for the P-8A Detachment crew and for training spaces. Renovation performed on the first floor of Hangar 104 will provide P-8A support equipment spaces. Work also provides for construction of a rinse facility utility building. Work will also include the enlargement and realigning of the existing aircraft rinse facility (Facility 6107) and P-8A parking apron to include airfield lighting and associated site improvements. The contract also contains one unexercised option, which if exercised, would increase the cumulative contract value to $11,085,756. Work will be performed in Oahu, Hawaii, and is expected to be completed by June 2018. Fiscal 2016 military construction (Navy) contract funds in the amount of $10,971,235 are obligated on this award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured via the Navy Electronic Commerce Online website with five proposals received. The Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii, is the contracting activity (N62742-16-C-1307).
A&D GC Inc.,* Santee, California, is being awarded $9,656,000 for firm-fixed-price task order 0005 under a previously awarded multiple award construction contract (N62473-15-D-2403) for the construction of Combat Service Support Facility at Marine Corps Base, Camp Pendleton. The work to be performed provides for the construction of headquarters, operations, and maintenance support facility. The facility provides administrative, operational, and maintenance spaces for the West Coast-based combat service support organization units of 1st Marine Special Operations Support Battalion assigned to Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command. The task order also contains three unexercised options, which if exercised, would increase cumulative task order value to $10,083,000. Work will be performed in Oceanside, California, and is expected to be completed by February 2018. Fiscal 2016 military construction (Defense-wide) contract funds in the amount of $9,656,000 are obligated on this award; of which $2,000,000 will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. Three proposals were received for this task order. The Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Southwest, San Diego, California, is the contracting activity.
Management Consulting Inc., Virginia Beach, Virginia, is being awarded $8,997,465 for modification P00018 under a previously awarded, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity, firm-fixed-price contract (N00189-13-D-0038) with task orders provisions to exercise the third option for materials, supplies, equipment, specialty equipment, and integrated logistical services for Naval Supply Systems Command Fleet Logistics Center Norfolk, Supply Management Division Midwest, Crane, Indiana, in support of Naval Facilities Engineering Command Midwest (Public Works Department, Supply Management). With this option exercised, it will bring the contract value to $32,964,974. This contract includes a 12-month base period and four 12-month optional periods, which if all options are exercised, will bring the contract value to $42,500,837. Work will be performed in Crane, Indiana, and is expected to be completed by August 2017; if all options are exercised, work will continue through August 2018. No funding will be obligated at the time of award. Fiscal 2016 operations and maintenance (Navy) funds will be obligated as individual task orders are issued, and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured with the solicitation posted to the Navy Electronic Commerce Online website, with four offers received. Naval Supply Systems Command Fleet Logistics Center Norfolk, Contracting Department, Norfolk, Virginia, is the contracting activity.
Canadian Commercial Corp., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, is being awarded a $7,600,000 firm-fixed-price, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract for the procurement of Enhanced Combat Optical Sights - Carbine (ECOS-C). The ECOS-C is a variable power, optical day scope with illuminated reticle for use on carbine rifles. Reticles are ballistic drop compensated for various calibers of carbine rifles. The manufacturer is Raytheon Canadian Ltd., ELCAN Optical Technologies Division, Midland, Ontario, Canada. Work will be performed in Midland, Ontario, Canada, and is expected to be completed by August 2019. Fiscal 2016 operation and maintenance (Defense) funds in the amount of $148,870 will be obligated at time of award, with $124,058 expiring at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was not competitively procured and is being issued on a sole-source basis in accordance with the statutory authority of 10 U.S. Code 2304(c)(1) as implemented by Federal Acquisition Regulation 6.302-1 - only one responsible source and no other supplies or services will satisfy agency requirements. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane, Indiana, is the contracting activity (N00164-16-D-JQ89).
Avwatch Inc., Plymouth, Mass., is being awarded a five-year, multiple award, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract (H92240-16-D-0026) for aviation support services in support of U.S. Special Operations Command, Naval Special Warfare Command. The contract value is $41,792,678. Fiscal 2016 operations and maintenance funds in the amount of $2,500 are being obligated at time of award. This contract was awarded through full and open competition, and four proposals were received. This contract is a multiple award contract; all four vendors will be awarded a contract and the task orders will be competed among the vendors. The work will be performed in various states within the continental U.S., and will have a five-year ordering period ending on Aug. 7, 2021. Naval Special Warfare Command, Coronado, California, is the contracting activity.
Broadbay Group Corp., Virginia Beach, Virginia, is being awarded a five-year, multiple award, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract (H92240-16-D-0027) for aviation support services in support of U.S. Special Operations Command, Naval Special Warfare Command. The contract value is $51,577,203. Fiscal 2016 operations and maintenance funds in the amount of $2,500 are being obligated at time of award. This contract was awarded through full and open competition, and four proposals were received. This contract is a multiple award contract; all four vendors will be awarded a contract and the task orders will be competed among the vendors. The work will be performed in various states within the continental U.S., and will have a five-year ordering period ending on Aug. 7, 2021. Naval Special Warfare Command, Coronado, California, is the contracting activity.
Coastal Defense Inc., Mill Hall, Pennsylvania, is being awarded a five-year, multiple award, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract (H92240-16-D-0028) for aviation support services in support of U.S. Special Operations Command, Naval Special Warfare Command. The contract value is $41,096,548. Fiscal 2016 operations and maintenance funds in the amount of $2,500 are being obligated at time of award. This contract was awarded through full and open competition, and four proposals were received. This contract is a multiple award contract; all four vendors will be awarded a contract and the task orders will be competed among the vendors. The work will be performed in various states within the continental U.S. and will have a five-year ordering period ending on Aug. 7, 2021. Naval Special Warfare Command, Coronado, California, is the contracting activity.
Consulting Services Group LLC, Purcellville, Virginia, is being awarded a five-year, multiple award, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract (H92240-16-D-0029) for aviation support services in support of U.S. Special Operations Command, Naval Special Warfare Command. The contract value is $45,790,188. Fiscal 2016 operations and maintenance funds in the amount of $2,500 are being obligated at time of award. This contract was awarded through full and open competition, and four proposals were received. This contract is a multiple award contract; all four vendors will be awarded a contract and the task orders will be competed among the vendors. The work will be performed in various states within the continental U.S. and will have a five-year ordering period ending on August 7, 2021. Naval Special Warfare Command, Coronado, California, is the contracting activity.
Lockheed Martin Corp., Palmdale, California, has been awarded a $7,440,549 modification (P00013) to previously awarded HR0011-12-C-0039 for completing and testing a model to predict bond quality. The modification brings the total cumulative face value of the contract to $21,941,634 from $14,501,085. Work will be performed in Palmdale, California (87 percent); and San Antonio, Texas (13 percent), with an expected completion date of October 2018. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Arlington, Virginia, is the contracting activity.


text:
Antal Dániel honlapja
Esetek
Economic Impact Assessment
Mapping the Music Industry
Economic Impact Assessment of Music Industry
Experimental Data Sources
Open Data & Public Sector Information
Royalty Setting
Tariff Setting
Private Copying Remuneration
Music Professionals surveys
Cultural Access and Participation surveys
Music Export & Music Import
Artificial intelligence and algorithms
How CEEMID intelligence can help?
Music Export
Music export is complicated to define, because music has a live and recorded element. In recorded music, the author, the performer and the producer are eligible for copyright and neighboring right royalties. In live music, the author and the performer are eligible for revenues, and they may or may not have a different nationality, and the concert promoter and booking manager may earn profits in another country.
Finding out the domestic country for the author, the performer and the producer may be a very difficult task. While language is very important in most genres of popular music and in world music, language affiliation is usually a help only in small nation repertoires. But the language of a song is so important that it may be the target variable of cultural policy tools such as radio or audiovisual quotas. In classical and world music, the author may not be known or eligible for royalties anymore. In popular music and some jazz, the author and performer are usually the same artists. Nevertheless, the complexity remains. In contemporary classical music, jazz and some genres of popular music, language is not an issue because the music is instrumental, or the human voice has no real natural language connection.
In our view, music export and music import cannot be separated from each other. Every single European market is a net importer of recorded music, given that there are no music markets where the domestic music market share exceeds 50%. In live music, domestic music traditionally is market leader in all markets, but the concentration of ticket revenues in large arena concerts and the growth of festivals is threatening the positions of domestic live music. The competition among songs, label and national repertoires is increasing very significantly with the rise of global streaming.
In the recorded markets, radio and audiovisual quotas and an activist role of public broadcasters could maintain a 15-30 percent market share for local artists even in smaller markets. The rise of music streaming and SVOD streaming in audiovisual works makes many of these gatekeepers irrelevant unless they find their audience and role in the new streaming channels.
In the live performances, some countries, especially Hungary, Serbia, Croatia and Poland found ways to create very significant export revenues for programming large festivals aimed at Western European audiences. While these solutions create vital export revenues for the music ecosystem, i.e. for promoters and technicians, it creates less opportunity for local artists. There is a growing pressure on domestic bands to extend their tour network abroad, given that the depth of domestic tour network is shrinking due to global and EU-wide small venue problem.
In the 21st century the total global repertoire of the last 60 years is in simultaneous competition with each other. Close to 100 million sound recordings are available in most markets. In this global competition, most music is sold by AI algorithms.
Teach new algorithms that help defending the declining domestic markets, and recommend vibrant, new local music to local audiences, and connect them on live performances, too;
Extend market insight and tour scheduling for the whole European market, with cost, audience demography, audience taste, revenue forecast intelligence;
Design quota schemes and public broadcaster strategies that maintain the public mandate in the 21st century;
Design music grants that give the correct incentives to the right people. Help both foreign market reach and domestic market cultivation with correct ex ante and ex post evaluations;
Given the complexity of the concept of 'music export' in the context of cultural affiliation, language, artist residence, potential separation of composer, performer and producer, music export and import is a difficult topic that requires professional, fact-driven advocacy.
Music Industry Mapping
Open Data & Re-use Of Public Sector Information
Utoljára frissítve 2020-12-09
© 2018 - © 2020
Másolat Letöltés


There are cops, and there are little people.
There is a whole class of slaves. It is illegal for them to escape slavery. The cops are supposed to murder the slaves if they escape, because there is a risk that they will start to think they're people. But the cops know that the slaves are not people, so it's okay to murder them. The greatest danger, the thing the cops are supposed to prevent, is that the slaves will try to assimilate into the society that relies on their labor.
Scott's final cut — was painstakingly assembled from original elements, including the original 65mm negative. De Lauzirika has been working on it over a seven-year period. "And this time, Ridley approved every single thing that went into it — every single cut, every single effect," he says. "We're right back to square one," Galvao says of The Final Cut elements. "We scanned the cut negative, plus the negatives we dug out of vaults in England, here at Warner Bros., and [co-executive producer] Jerry Perenchio's vault as well. We went through and viewed every frame of every roll that we could find." "Honestly, I got to go through 977 boxes and cans of mag, IP, INs, 65mm visual effects comps, 35mm original dailies … everything ever printed," de Lauzirika says.
[comics] He say Blade Runner — BeaucoupKevin posts a page from Marvel's comic adaptation of Blade Runner.
[film] Ridley Scott answers a freqeuntly asked question about his film Blade Runner — Is Deckard a Replicant?. 'In Channel 4's documentary On The Edge Of Blade Runner, Scott discusses the scenes and asked what they mean, he confirms with a grin: "He's a replicant"'.


The first time I became Daddigyrl I was like wow !
I got kids with somebody that I had wanted for so long. It wasn't easy at first, I had to get use to it because I was only use to running the streets but when these Lil guys came in my life I changed for the better. My sons have given me life and now I have another one on the way.
I just love being a Daddigyrl to my kids.
I am the CoFounder of Daddigyrl. Being a Daddigyrl is one of the reasons why I breath! Yes! I am a Stud and I love my kids and wouldn't trade them for the world , which is why I will always fight for lgbt rights. I don't mind the stares or the question's. Its always funny to me when my neighbor or other people that are observing my family say's " So you are are a normal family!" I have 3 Kids and I'm legally married to their Mother. I'm also a Gran Daddigyrl t and I love him to pieces. My kids don't consider me a step-parent and neither does my parents. Taking a stand and educating people about the other Parents in the lgbt community. We are family and blood isnt the only way to make a family, Love is key and we have plenty of that.
I am the Founder of Daddigyrl and I have 4 son's and 3 daughters. They reside in California, Texas and Louisiana. Being a Daddigyrl can be hard,especially because ALL my kids are grown. .
I have a Great relationship with each of them and every year I vacation in two different States. Parenting doesn't stop at 18. I'm a Gran Daddigyrl too, I have 6 Grand Kids who I also love so much.