The best candidates prefer to work with a credible placement firm!
The Hutton Group specializes in the placement of executives and leaders in hospitals, integrated health systems, physician practices, managed care and consulting.
We have experts who can assist you in find the best, not the only available applicant.
The president and all our consultants are healthcare professionals.
Even our research assistants have prior medical background.
Using our Services Saves you Time and Money!
Screening and interviewing unqualified applicants.
Our fee is a known factor that can be budgeted. Instead of being a deterrent, our fee actually facilitates the hiring process. On your own you never know the ultimate cost.
The candidates we send you are qualified and interested in your position and are not there merely to sharpen their interviewing skills.
A percentage of the fee of the estimated first year's salary is paid up front as a retainer and the total estimated fee is paid in three segments over the tenure of the search. This guarantees a portion of one of our consultant's time to fill your special need. This should always be the choice for high level positions with a salary of up to $100K or better.
Desirable when a position must be filled quickly and when specifications call for a hard-to-find candidate. The client gives our company a limited period of time, usually 90 days, to fill this need and pays a onetime $5,000 retainer, which is deducted from the final fee.
Enables the client to review candidates who are already known our group. The employer's obligation occurs only if a candidates accepts an offer.


text:
Gustav Gotthardt Tiefenthaler (July 25, 1886 – April 14, 1942) was a Swiss-American wrestler who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. In 1904, he won a bronze medal in light flyweight category. He was born in Switzerland and died in St. Louis, Missouri.

References

External links
profile

1886 births
1942 deaths
Wrestlers at the 1904 Summer Olympics
American male sport wrestlers
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in wrestling
Medalists at the 1904 Summer Olympics
Swiss emigrants to the United States

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


What major changes to CA's whistleblower protection law just kicked in?
Here's why: On January 1, 2014, new laws (AB 263, SB 496, and SB 666) went into effect that fixed major gaps in Labor Code § 1102.5, the California whistleblower protection law. These are gaps that you probably didn't even know existed.
make, adopt, or enforce a rule or policy preventing an employee from disclosing information to a government or law enforcement agency that the employee reasonably believes violates state or federal law or regulation.
retaliate against an employee for disclosing information to a government or law enforcement agency that the employee reasonably believes violates a state or federal law or regulation.
retaliate against an employee for refusing to participate in an activity that would violate a state or federal law or regulation.
The biggest one is that, previously, Labor Code § 1102.5 did not protect employees who made internal whistleblower reports about unlawful conduct! This means that an employee who complained to someone at work that a law was being broken was often left unprotected! So, for example, if a worker was demoted for complaining to management that unsafe products were knowingly being sold to consumers, he would have had no recourse under § 1102.5.
In addition, until it was amended, Labor Code § 1102.5 did not prohibit employers from retaliating against or terminating workers who who were suspected of being whistleblowers or who might later disclose unlawful conduct.
who have complained about or refuse to engage in violations of local laws, rules, or regulations (in addition to state and federal laws or regulations).
from retaliation and unlawful conduct by "any person acting on behalf of the employer," not just the employer itself.
even if the disclosures were part of their job duties (so for example, a safety officer is still protected when speaking out about unsafe conditions).
As an employment lawyer who represents workers exclusively, I welcome these changes. Workers are finally protected if they speak up at work about conduct they reasonably believe breaks the law. Not only are they safer, but so are you and I. All Californians stand to gain when workers are allows to blow the whistle on illegal conduct.


text:
Dr Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips is a Jamaican Canadian Islamic Scholar who converted to Islam in the early seventies after journeying politically and intellectually from Christianity to Communism. Shortly after his reversion to Islam, he embarked on a spiritual academic journey to the other side of the world seeking Islamic knowledge. This journey took him to Saudi Arabia where he completed a BA in Islamic studies in Madeenah, and an MA in Islamic Theology in Riyadh. MORE>>
BOOKS WRITTEN BY DR. BILAL PHILIPS:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?php
// PHP permanent URL redirect - generated by www.rapidtables.com
header("Location: https://www.umesh.space", true, 301);
exit();
?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Newt & Azure migrate a large Telco to Cloud – Newt IP DMAP on Roll
Irving, Texas, August 2022 – Newt Global Consulting, is pleased to announce that one of Thailand's largest telecom companies prestigious end-to-end Azure Migration Project has gone live,
Newt started with the discovery & assessment of a mission-critical application in collaboration with Microsoft Azure. It resulted in Newt Global creating a complete inventory of Application/ Database assets. In addition, Newt Global provided a detailed technical analysis of SQL, application interfaces, current TCO for five years, migration cost and timeline, target TCO for five years, and Application/ Database on Azure.
Newt's team established the telecom company's landing zone(s), implemented extensive security policies, built and implemented extensive Azure monitoring, established a tagging policy, and implemented a DevOps toolchain. Cutover to production has been completed and Newt Global is providing ongoing production support.
The business case built by Newt Global demonstrated 50% + savings when migrating to Microsoft Azure and achieved it. This helped the client make a decision to migrate their application to Azure Cloud.
"Large enterprise cloud migrations including app migration, DB migration, DevOps implementation, security implementation, production deployment, and post-production support are Newt Global's forte," said Neeta Goel, President, and CEO of Newt Global. "We strive to provide targeted & measurable cost reduction (typically exceeding 30%) to our clients in the process of digital transformation."
ABOUT CLIENT:
Since 1990, the client has provided mobile, fixed broadband, and digital services. The client offers mobile services for 30+ years. The client is a market leader with 20+ million subscribers nationwide. The client covers most of the population with 4G/3G/2G networks. Digital service focuses on five key areas: video, game, mobile banking, and cloud. Client subsidiaries provide mobile communications, direct international dialing, international roaming, and other telecommunications services as part of their business operations.
ABOUT NEWT GLOBAL CONSULTING, LLC:
Newt Global is a leading Cloud and DevOps implementation company with a presence in multiple locations across USA and India and is headquartered in Irving, TX. We provide strategic consulting and implementation services to leading Consulting, telecom, and airline companies worldwide.
Contact Information: Phone: +1 972 489 9005 | E-mail: sgoel@newtglobalcorp.com
Newt modernize Oracle to Azure database services for one of the pioneers in the shipping service industry!
Irving, Texas, November 2022 – Newt Global Consulting, we have been awarded the prestigious Oracle Migration Project on Azure by one of the largest global shipping service providers/companies. Based on the study of the portfolio of applications, Newt developed...
Newt Global has been awarded the MAPR migration project to Azure Cloud from one of the largest "Oil & Gas Drilling" companies!
Irving, Texas, November 2022 – Newt Global, we have been awarded again a database migration Project to Azure by one of the largest global shipping service providers/companies. The client maintains an in-house platform on which drilling and analytics applications...
Malaysia's leading mortgage corporation chooses Newt as their technology partner to migrate the Oracle database to the Azure cloud using DMAP to automate 70%-80% of manual process
Irving, Texas, November 2022 – Newt Global, we are glad to announce that Malaysia's leading mortgage corporation, with a broad range of ownership and with phenomenal growth rate in the secondary mortgage market has chosen Newt global as...


text:
[assembly: WebActivatorEx.PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(EssentialTools.App_Start.NinjectWebCommon), "Start")]
[assembly: WebActivatorEx.ApplicationShutdownMethodAttribute(typeof(EssentialTools.App_Start.NinjectWebCommon), "Stop")]

namespace EssentialTools.App_Start
{
    using System;
    using System.Web;

    using Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.DynamicModuleHelper;

    using Ninject;
    using Ninject.Web.Common;

    public static class NinjectWebCommon
    {
        private static readonly Bootstrapper bootstrapper = new Bootstrapper();

        /// <summary>
        /// Starts the application
        /// </summary>
        public static void Start()
        {
            DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(OnePerRequestHttpModule));
            DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(NinjectHttpModule));
            bootstrapper.Initialize(CreateKernel);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Stops the application.
        /// </summary>
        public static void Stop()
        {
            bootstrapper.ShutDown();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates the kernel that will manage your application.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The created kernel.</returns>
        private static IKernel CreateKernel()
        {
            var kernel = new StandardKernel();
            try
            {
                kernel.Bind<Func<IKernel>>().ToMethod(ctx => () => new Bootstrapper().Kernel);
                kernel.Bind<IHttpModule>().To<HttpApplicationInitializationHttpModule>();

                RegisterServices(kernel);
                return kernel;
            }
            catch
            {
                kernel.Dispose();
                throw;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Load your modules or register your services here!
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="kernel">The kernel.</param>
        private static void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
        {
            System.Web.Mvc.DependencyResolver.SetResolver(
                new EssentialTools.Infrastructure.NinjectDependencyResolver(kernel));
        }
    }
}


Sports plays a crucial role in the all round development of a student. When effective pedagogic practices form one part of good education, sports enable students to lead a life of fitness and sharpen their competitive spirit. In the contemporary world of team work, quick decision making, and effective manoeuvring, sporting activities provide multi-layered skills to succeed in the world.
The Department of Sports keeps a keen eye to spot and develop talented sportspersons.
Vikram Kanth, Reshma Millet, KP Roy, Thimmiah, Pundalika YB, Shankara Narayanan, Sabya S, Prajwal B, are few of our former students who have represented the country in their respective sports.
Inter-class sports competitions are held to encourage maximum participation of students in sports and games. Representing the College in University level, state level, international levels are encouraged wholeheartedly by the institution.
The College has dynamic teams for cricket, football, basketball, throwball, table tennis. The college also has an athletic team and provides ample guidance and support for kabbadi, swimming, and chess to name a few.


text:
› Taking in receipts as an SSF
› Remedying excessive contributions received by an SSF
Remedying excessive contributions received by an SSF
Depositing questionable contributions
If an SSF receives a contribution that appears to be excessive, the committee may have to refund it to the donor. Within 10 days, the treasurer must either return the questionable check to the donor or deposit it. Once the contribution is deposited, the treasurer must:
Avoid spending the questionable funds by keeping enough money in the committee's account to cover all potential refunds.
Keep a written record explaining why the contribution may be illegal and include this explanation on Schedule A if the contribution has to be itemized before its legality is established.
If a check appears to exceed a contributor's annual limit, seek a reattribution of the excessive portion, following the instructions on this page, or return it.
If a check appears to come from a prohibited source, confirm its legality or return it.
Excessive contributions: Reattributions
Presumptive reattribution
In some cases, an SSF may correct an excessive contribution by presumptively reattributing the excessive portion.
When an SSF receives an excessive contribution made via a written instrument with more than one individual's name imprinted on it, but with only one signature, the SSF may attribute the permissible portion to the signer. The SSF may make a presumptive reattribution of the excessive portion to the other individual whose name is imprinted on the written instrument without obtaining a second signature, so long as the reattribution does not cause the contributor to exceed any other contribution limit.
Within 60 days of receipt of the contribution, the treasurer must notify the contributors of how the contribution was reattributed and that the contributors may request a refund of the excessive portion of the contribution if it was not intended to be a joint contribution.
Requested reattribution
In other situations where a presumptive reattribution is not permitted, the treasurer may request a reattribution from the contributor by asking:
Whether the contribution was intended to be a joint contribution from more than one person; or, alternatively,
Whether the amounts attributed to participants in a joint contribution should be adjusted. (The amount is split equally between the donors unless they indicate a different division in writing.)
In either case, the treasurer must inform the contributor that he or she may instead request a refund of the excessive portion. The treasurer should also inform donors that a reattribution must, within 60 days of the treasurer's receipt of the contribution, be signed by each participating contributor and provided to the treasurer.
Receive reattribution or make refund
A contribution is properly reattributed if the treasurer receives a statement signed by all contributors indicating the amount attributable to each donor. The treasurer must obtain the proper reattribution or refund the excessive portion within 60 days of the receipt of the original contribution.
A multicandidate SSF receives a $6,000 check that is drawn on a joint account but signed by only one account holder. The treasurer deposits the contribution and seeks a reattribution by asking the account holders whether they intended the contribution to be a joint one, partially attributable to the second account holder, or whether the treasurer should refund the excessive $1,000. Within 60 days of receiving the original contribution, the treasurer receives a statement, signed by both contributors, reattributing $1,000 to the second account holder. The committee may now keep the full $6,000.
If the SSF had not received the reattribution, the treasurer would have had to refund the excessive amount within the 60-day period.
Reporting reattributions
This section describes how to report contributions which the committee has presumptively reattributed or for which the committee has requested reattributions from contributors.
Receipt of original contribution
When itemizing a contribution that must be reattributed to correct an excessive amount, include a statement on Schedule A noting that a reattribution has been requested.
Receipt of reattribution
In the report covering the period during which the reattribution is received, itemize as memo entries on Schedule A:
Information on the contribution as it was previously disclosed; and
Information on the contribution as it was reattributed, including the date the reattribution was received; and
For presumptive reattributions, note "presumptive reattribution."
The excessive contribution ($6,000) is recorded in the reporting period in which it was received. Then, in the report covering the period during which the reattribution is received, the initial contribution ($6,000) is reported as a memo entry followed by the portions reattributed between the original contributor and his spouse.
Refund of excessive portion
If the SSF does not receive the reattribution, the committee must refund the excessive portion within 60 days of the treasurer's receipt of the contribution. Disclose the refund on the next report.
Keep verification records
The SSF must also keep documentation for each reattribution to verify it was received within the 60-day time limit.
Limits on contributions received by the SSF
Who can and can't contribute to an SSF
Handling questionable contributions
Recording receipts
Redesignating and reattributing contributions
Continue learning about this topic
Redesignations and reattributions
11 CFR 103.3(a) and (b)
Deposits of receipts and disbursements
11 CFR 104.8(d)(3) and (4)
Uniform reporting of receipts; reattributions and refunds
11 CFR 110.1(k)(2) and (3)(ii)
Joint contributions and reattributions


Time-to-insight is critical to banks, credit card companies, hedge funds, brokerages, insurance firms, and others who want to conduct real-time personalization for credit scoring, risk modeling and other customer-specific applications, execute smarter trades, increase profitability, eliminate fraud, reduce exposure, or implement other data-intensive projects. The financial services and insurance sector is one of the most data-intensive industries in modern business. Unfortunately, that abundance of information has hindered the extraction of business value from data.
However, improvements in technology can take data-related challenges that had, until recently, been considered impossible to overcome and transform them into immediate financial gain and competitive advantage. Previously, the financial services and insurance industries relied on costly, central processing unit (CPU) intensive infrastructure to manage data usage and analysis speed. However, with the emergence of the graphics processing unit (GPU), a new era of supercomputing has arrived, and the potential of GPU computing is still being discovered.
Change is challenging, but ever since Nathan Rothschild improved his time-to-insight by using racing pigeons to carry data from the Battle of Waterloo, the financial services sector has been on the leading-edge of technical innovation.
This new white paper from Penguin Computing highlights how financial services and insurance firms can benefit from GPU computing and spur innovation and future technological developments.


…a very stylised, funky designer led film set in Frankfurt!
We've just completed shooting a funky commercial in a new, modern, fun loving hotel downtown Frankfurt. It was a major logistical challenge preparing and implementing the shoot due to the unusual and ever changing requirements.
After a fairly slow moving July when most people are on holiday things started hotting up mid August with a wide range of shoots throughout Europe.
We crewed and shot a wealth of corporate films and documentaries with small crews, like fixers, drivers and PAs to full blown production crews with all the bells and whistles: production managers, DOPs, additional camera operators, sound recordists, DIT experts, make up artists, gaffers, grips, set designers, translators, autocue operators, photographers and trucks full of state of the art camera kit!
We've just completed an exciting shoot at Germany's famous Hockenheim race track near Frankfurt. Our UK clients came at short notice requesting crew and kit for this unusual car racing shoot.
Being as we only had a couple of days prep we were scrambling to get exactly the right crew members with the appropriate skills. We ended up providing a top crew all ex Frankfurt with the necessary experience and knowledge for specialised car shoots.
Since our last blog we've had a wide variety of shoots, and both our corporate and broadcast clients have kept us on our toes.
For several years now we have been providing fixers, translators and drivers for US based House Hunters International.
Our guy's tasks are to clear shooting permits, translate from German into English and to ferry around the client's crew. We have a wide network of fixers and their local knowledge is invaluable for overseas clients.
Our latest shoots took us to Munich and Eging am See in picturesque Bavaria.
We recently got a request to provide a support crew and kit for a UK company who are producing a clip for Google which explains how YouTube can be a valuable educational tool.
The German bobsleigh 2018 winter Olympic gold medallist Mariama Jamanka studied YouTube clips of the track at Pyeongchang in advance of the event, which she – as a rank outsider – then won to everyone's surprise. The core crew of director, producer and DOP came from the UK and we provided a gaffer, grip, sound recordist, PA, driver, lighting and grip kit. We often get similar requests from production houses and broadcasters worldwide who are keen to save on travel and accommodation costs wherever they can. They often send their own creative crew like director and DOP and rely on local talent to supply the rest of the production crew, especially when you are thinking lights and grip which are too bulky to fly around the world. Furthermore our crews are bilingual so the clients get a free translation service.
We often get requests for Italy's RAI broadcaster to shoot journalistic reports in Germany and Europe.
We shot in Hamburg and Bremen.
We had a request for a fixer/translator near Frankfurt to help a UK based crew to film some wacky Germans called "The Real Life Guys".
We just completed a corporate shoot in Munich with our local DOPs, FS7 kits, AC, Soundie, Teleprompter Operator, Make up artist and talent. We were pleased to be using the relatively new and affordable Fujinon Cine Zooms. Lenses which are not only optically top notch but are parfocal too. Hooray!
One of our regular USA video clients requested a stills photographer to shoot corporate portraits and group shots recently during an event at a hotel in Frankfurt. We have stills photographers in various European cities and this time we used one of our local Frankfurt guys.
We are approved suppliers for the BBC and they just approached us with a cool and unusual request for a camera crew in Southern France. Its filming Clint Eastwood's Jazz musician son, Kyle Eastwood.
We have a couple of designated camera crews on the Cote d'Azur who regularly shoot showbiz and glamour stories for us. After the interview they'll wetransfer the footage back to the BBC for a speedy turnaround.
We are in the midst of a corporate shoot in Munich at the moment shooting with two REDs with EyeDirects for one of our old clients in the USA.
We are providing cameras, lighting, grip and sound kit and local support crew (production coordinator, assistant cameraman, DIT, gaffer, grip, sound recordist and make up artist) for the core team from USA. Good luck guys and have a great shoot!
We enjoy an ongoing relationship producing webcasts for the American communications giant AT&T. This time we were in the picturesque and historical city of Brno in the Czech Republic.
Setting up webcasts abroad is always full of surprises and challenges, particularly when you are dealing with people from a different culture speaking an unknown language. Our core technical team, consisting of cameramen, vision mixer, sound recordist, technical assistants and all the necessary kit came from Berlin, the production crew from Texas. Communicating in English and German works very well but in the Czech Republic the major foreign language is Russian.
However, with a little practice, language barriers can be overcome using hand signals and body language. We even managed to hire some additional technical equipment from a Brno based AV specialist using hands and feet to explain our needs and hard cash to clinch the deal.
As in so many areas of professional film production it's expected we command the highest levels of technical expertise, creativity, friendliness and reliability. In order to complete the picture though the ability to think on your feet, trouble shoot and improvise are paramount.
After weeks of planning and preparations we transformed the Brno AT&T facility into an attractive "Town Hall" venue and the live stream reached a large international audience without a glitch. Key speakers reached out to the AT&T workforce with a variety of presentations and individual awards. To round it all off a traditional Czech folk music trio performed rousing and colorful dance acts.
A few weeks ago we were approached by PBS Chicago to provide a support crew for their upcoming shoot in Europe. They we planning to shoot a story about the renowned architects Nada and Marc Breitman – living and working in Paris and Amsterdam. We were more than happy to offer our production services. We supplied PBS with a sound recordist, fixer, driver and gaffer with a ton of lights  They were happy to have local support in both locations!
On of our many US based pharma clients requested three FS7 camera crews for a drug launch event in Düsseldorf. In addition he needed an autocue with operator and a photographer to take stills.
It's the same old story which I'm sure many of our colleagues can identify with.
However, we all know that blogging and social media updates have to be done, unfortunately ours isn't a daily update and becomes kind of general with many shoots covered in one article as below.
Since our last update about our snowed in crew in Switzerland and our legal videographer in Amsterdam we've been travelling to drier locations throughout the land and beyond.
Discovery Canada got us to interview a Munich based expert whose agenda was glowing chameleons. We knew chameleons changed colour to adapt to their surroundings, but who knew they glowed in UV light?! We then covered another shoot for them in Amsterdam, one of our Swiss clients had us filming an operation in Berlin, Bloomberg had us shooting financial news in and around Frankfurt, DHL kept us busy with corporate interviews in Bonn, one of our regular London based clients had us shooting corporate footage in Frankfurt and last but not least we had a large pharmaceutical shoot in London.
Our legal videographer spent last week in Amsterdam working as always for US based lawyers involved in civil litigation court proceedings.
Legal videography is one of our niche specialities and takes us all over Europe. Amsterdam is understandably one of our favourites with plenty to do and see during down time.
Bloomberg TV is keeping us on our toes again for a shoot in Munich last week. They requested their favourite cameraman from Frankfurt to travel to Bavaria to interview the Telekom CEO at the "Digital Live Design Conference". We shot on the ever so popular Sony PMW200 and used the very handy Live Unit for streaming.
Each year in January world leaders, politicians, bankers, journalists and the media descend on Davos, nestled high in the mountains in Switzerland, for the World Economic Forum. We've also got a crew shooting a corporate film there.
After a well earned break the year kickstarted with some lively shoots in Germany and the Netherlands. Our Cologne and Frankfurt crews have been busy shooting corporates and one of our Amsterdam crews just shot for Rolex in Weerselo (Netherlands). We're currently shooting in Paris for Chicago based PBS and preparing for a long shoot in Davos (Switzerland).
Here's looking forward to another great year!
Looking back to a spectacular year 2017!
Before the holiday season comes to an end we would like to extend our warmest wishes and heartfelt thanks to you, our clients, our colleagues and our friends for making 2017 such a spectacular year for us at CCG.
Discovery Canada requested we shoot the world's tallest wind turbine in Southern Germany.
Christmas is around the corner and we decided to give ourselves a great Christmas present: The one and only PanAura Octodome! It's by far the best light we've got and is high up on most cinematographer's wish list. Simply the best!
We regularly have camera crews shooting for Bloomberg at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt and LiveU makes live broadcasting so easy, versatile and cost effective.
The media giant IMG requested support crew for a week long international Ice Hockey spectacular in Augsburg, Southern Germany. Getting PAs and runners for them was no problem but the much sought after DITs wasn't that easy… Most productions now require a dedicated person to manage the media, its often neglected but highly recommended.
Its a relatively new job title on the film set, where film meets IT, requiring more technically savvy people to whom you can entrust all your footage. DITs are few and far between and command pretty high day rates.
The History Channel requested we use the amazing Lensbaby and Dji Osmo to enhance imagery on our recent shoot in the Netherlands entitled "Return to the Moon". The programme is exploring the very real prospects of colonising the Moon. We interviewed various experts from the ESA (European Space Agency).
We've been pretty busy lately crewing up various shoots and providing production services up and down the country.
There were times when filming corporate interviews in front of green screen was the order of the day. It was mainly driven by the fact that we would often have to film interviews in horribly empty, soulless offices or board rooms.
After all the car madness at the Frankfurt Motor Show we have been busy shooting for a wide variety of clients.
For Discovery Canada we crewed in Nuremberg, Austria and Bavaria shooting crazy inventions and field tests for their technology show "The Daily Planet".
Our corporate clients kept us busy too shooting in Berlin, Brussels, Luxemburg, Cologne and Zurich.
A great mix of camera systems ranging from the Sony FS7, Sony PDW 700, DSLRs, Canon C300 and GoPros.
The Frankfurt Motor Show is a mega press event and we joined the media pack shooting for all and sundry car brands. Apart from regular camera crews we also provided a crane operator for Lamborghini.
We regularly shoot corporate films for DHL in Bonn. Our trusted crews always come from nearby Cologne shooting on the ever so popular Sony FS7.
Discovery Channel Canada produces a daily show which focuses on all things unusual in the technical, scientific world. Last week they requested we send a camera crew from Vienna to Linz (Austria) to film the eccentric inventor of wild and useless machines, Joseph Herscher. All very tongue in cheek stuff and highly amusing.
Since our mega shoots in Cologne at Gamescom we have been very busy crewing for all and sundry in Berlin, Bonn, Weinheim, Düsseldorf and Switzerland.
Happy summer days as you can see from our Morris Dancers image!
Cologne is the flavour of the month due to the mega gamers convention "Gamescom". With a few days left we're still there shooting with multiple camera crews and webcasting services…big time!
We often get requests to shoot b-roll in all major cities of Germany, such as Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt or Hamburg. This time a US based client requested we shoot b-roll and time lapse videos of various sights in Berlin. Our crew shot on the Sony FS7, the Sony a7s and the Panasonic GH5.
We're back again at Gamescom in Cologne, mecca for gamers world wide. This time we're out in force for clients both from the USA and the UK with 5 Sony FS7 camera crews and a large webcast unit. As good as it gets!
After weeks of preparation, finding locations, organising shoot permits, blocking off roads, gathering a small army of extras and providing support equipment and manpower, we finally got round to shooting part of an international thriller at some exciting locations downtown Frankfurt. We were proud to play host to our guests from Copenhagen and wish them every success with the rest of the shoot!
A US-based agency requested a DOP and soundman with Sony FS7 kit in Jülich, near Cologne, recently. They shot high end footage as well as interviews at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre including their server and research rooms.
Deutsche Bank headquarters in Frankfurt requested we shoot testimonials and b-roll at one of their facilities in London. Our local crew in London shot on two Sony F55s.
The lovely Jill Woo from EyeMagic is keeping us on our toes again with two shoots for the US based medical educational giant WebMD. We supplied multi camera crews in both London and Southampton shooting at various clinics and patients homes all relating to the treatment of Leukaemia.
We supply a variety of US based clients with legal videography services in Europe. This time we lucked out and spent several days shooting in party town, Amsterdam. As good as it gets!
A new client from San Diego requested crewing services and kit for a biggish shoot in Munich about Leukaemia.
We've been going flat out the last few weeks crewing shoots in London, Yorkshire, Copenhagen, Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Kassel and Amsterdam.
We spent a busy week crewing for Discovery Channel Canada throughout the whole of Germany. We travelled North to South and Eat to West shooting a variety of topics ranging from solar energy which powers lights 10.000 times stronger than the sun, solar energy powered aeroplanes, a supersonic aeroplane and a good old gigantic trebuchet.
Every year Frankfurt hosts IMEX, a somewhat exotic business trade fair and we're shooting regular XDCam there for The Fred Production Company from the UK. A colourful and lively show!
We had a couple of requests for crewing in Hamburg earlier this week. As so often, testimonials, interviews and b roll for corporate CEO awards. 2 crews shooting with Sony FS7 kits along with fixers and translators.
We have an ongoing relationship with Discovery Channel Canada supplying crews for their daily technology show The Daily Planet. We're always covering whacky, unusual topics and inventions and this time we shot Mr. Un Yong Park with his underwater jet device Scubadec in Denzingen, Southern Germany.
The wonderful Jill Woo from EyeMagic recently requested we crew a shoot for her in London. We supplied two FS7 crews travelling around London for 5 days filming patient testimonials and b roll for the US based mega online publisher for healthcare, WebMD.
Its frightening how good the quality is on the Sony Alpha 7s, making run and gun stuff much easier. This time our DOP preferred the handling and imagery of the C300 mkII for the main camera and matching the Sony footage is no big deal.


text:
Adapted from "Captain John Francis Felter, United States Navy, Deceased" [biography, dated 23 October 1964] in Modern Biographical Files collection, Navy Department Library.
Korean Conflict 1950-1954
China Service 1937-1939, 1945-1957
John Francis Felter
1 February 1914-25 December 1974
Download PDF Version [144KB]
John Francis Felter was born in Pittston, Pennsylvania, on February 1, 1914, son of Austin and Catherine Connahan Felter, both now deceased. He attended Saint John's University in New York City, and enlisted in the US Naval Reserve in September 1933. During the next three months he had recruit training at the Naval Training Station, Norfolk, Virginia, and subsequently served for three years in the Gunnery and Communication Departments of USS New Orleans (CA-32). Released to inactive duty status in September 1937, he was recalled to active duty in September 1940 and spent three months as a student at Midshipmen's School, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
Commissioned Ensign in the US Naval Reserve on December 12, 1940, he was promoted to Lieutenant (junior grade) in 1942, to Lieutenant in 1944, and Lieutenant Commander, to date from July 20, 1945. He was transferred to the US Navy from the Naval Reserve in 1946, and subsequently was promoted to Commander, to date from January 1, 1951, and to Captain, from July 1959.
From December 1940 to April 1941 he had communications duties on board USS New York, and at the outbreak of World War II in December 1941 was on duty as Communication Officer on the Staff of the Commander in Chief, US Atlantic Fleet. He had instruction in Communications at the Navy Department, Washington, DC, from August to October 1942, and continued duty on the Staff of Cinclant until November 1944, with temporary additional duty in July and August 1944 on the Staff of a Task Force Commander in the Atlantic/ Mediterranean Area. He was awarded the Bronze Star Medal with the following citation:
"For meritorious achievement as a Member of the Communication Division of the Staff of the Commander in Chief, US Atlantic Fleet, from July 1941, to November 1944. Possessing superior knowledge of all phases of good communication practices, Lieutenant Felter successfully applied these principles to the extensive communication network servicing the Atlantic Fleet, thereby contributing materially to the efficiency of Atlantic Fleet Communication. In addition, he aided in the establishment of an Atlantic Fleet Coding Board, assured the continuous training of its members and made specialized area and subject studies in order to revise the Fleet Communication orders and doctrines…"
During the latter months of the war, from March to September 1945, and until May 1946, he was on board USS Boise (CL-47), participating in the Borne operation (including action at Tarakan Island, Brunel Bay and Balikpapan), from April through July 1945, as that cruiser's Communication Officer. He then had similar duty for a year in USS Wyoming (AG-17, formerly BB-32). From June 1947 to June 1948 he was a 5- term student at Cornell University, Ithica, New York, after which he was graduated from the General Line School, Newport, Rhode Island, in June 1949.
Service as Executive Officer and Navigator of USS Hanson (DDR-832) was terminated when he was given command of USS Hopewell (DD-681) in March 1951. "For meritorious service as Commanding Officer of USS Hopewell during operations against enemy aggressor forces in Korea from 15 July 1951 to 12 January 1952…" he was awarded a Gold Star in lieu of the Second Bronze Star Medal, with Combat "V". The citation continues:
"An officer of marked skill and resourcefulness, Commander Felter was greatly instrumental in maintaining a high standard of combat readiness within his ship and was largely responsible for the effective fire support afforded friendly forces throughout this period. During day and night bombardment activities at Wonsan, he was eminently successful in directing destructive gunfire on enemy troops and military installations and, when the Hopewell was taken under fire by shore batteries, skillfully maneuvered the ship in delivering accurate return fire on the enemy. His exemplary leadership, marked professional ability and zealous devotion, to duty were major factors in the success achieved by the Hopewell and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service."
Relieved of command of the Hopewell in April 1952, he reported a month later to Headquarters, Third Naval District, where he served until May 1952 as Head of the Reserve Administration and Inspection Division in the Staff of the Commandant until September 1954. He then served for fourteenth months at Steward Air Force Base, Newburgh, New York, as Assistant Director, Plans, on the Staff of the Commander Naval Eastern Continental Air Defense, and on the Staff of the Commander, Joint Eastern Air Defense Force. In January 1956 he assumed command of Southerland (DDR-743), and on September 30, 1957, was ordered detached for instruction at the US Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California.
He had duty at the Naval Electronics Laboratory, San Diego, California, from June 1958 until December 1959, when he was ordered to duty as Chief of the Naval Section, Military Assistance Advisory Group, Pakistan, with headquarters in Karachi. Detached from Pakistan two years later, he then became the Commanding Officer of the Fleet, Antiair Warfare Training Center in San Diego, California. In December 1963 he assumed command of USS Seminole (AKA-104), and on September 1, 1964 was ordered detached for duty as Chief of Staff and Aide to Commander Eastern Sea Frontier and Commander Atlantic Reserve Fleet.
In addition to the Bronze Star Medal with Gold Star and Combat "V," Captain Felter has the Navy Good Conduct Medal; the American Defense Service Medal with bronze "A"; American Campaign Medal; European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific campaign Medal; with two stars; World War II Victory Medal; Navy Occupation Service Medal; Asia Clasp; China Service Medal (extended); National Defense Service Medal; Korean Service Medal with three stars; United Nations Service Medal; and the Philippine Liberation Ribbon. He also has the Korean Presidential Unit Citation Ribbon.
He died December 25, 1974.
Published: Mon Dec 21 07:18:28 EST 2020


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Fifteen students crowd into an auto-rickshaw that seats 5.


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A Brief History of Automotif Limited
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Enslaved Odyssey to the West
By Tom Manners 27 October 2010
Sunset Overdrive (Xbox One)
Quick Review: Dark Souls II
The action adventure genre is jam packed with a number of fantastic titles, including the likes of the Uncharted, Ratchet and Klank and Tomb Raider franchises. Naturally then, new entrants into this market have a lot to live up to should they hope to be noticed.
Enslaved: Odyssey to the West is the most recent young hopeful to take aim at the lofty goal of delivering a successful action adventure title - but does it achieve this? Here's our take on this post war Western pilgrimage.
Developed by Ninja Theory and published by Namco, Enslaved is set 150 years into the future., post global war which has all but destroyed the earth itself and has populated the earth with an antiquated, yet powerful group of robots which seeks to eradicate what remains of humanity.
Enter our protagonists - Monkey, a powerful slave warrior, and Trip, a lithe and intelligent character. Both manage to escape a slave freighter just before it crashes, although Trip manages to do more than this - she enslaves Monkey with a magical headband and forces him to accompany her to her village 300 miles to the west.
Angry at first, Monkey eventually realises that there is nothing he can do and agrees to accompany Trip. Throughout their adventure, the two encounter enemies in the form of the robot army and friends in the form of fellow survivors. Eventually both characters become friends and there is no longer a need for Trip to control Monkey with the headband.
At this point the two realise that there is a much larger force than random, hell bent robots at play. Known as 'Pyramid', Monkey and Trip dedicate themselves to destroying whatever may construct their path towards freeing the world's human slaves.
The gameplay in Enslaved is very similar to that found in other popular action adventure titles, particularly the Uncharted franchise. Players control monkey from a third party perspective, directing him over a number of obstacles with a dynamic camera angle which shifts according to the task at hand.
Monkey is equipped with a number of skills (primarily physical) including the ability to climb, wield a staff and perform a few choice melee moves in the beginning which later evolve as the player gains experience.
Power and abilities can also be upgraded by collecting red orbs which are littered throughout the game world.
Overall we found the gameplay to border on that found in older arcade based titles. Throughout the game the pace is so frenetic that it adds an almost comical feel to Enslaved and certainly detracts from the realism of the title. This in itself is not a negative thing as it adds an enjoyable dimension to the game, unfortunately it eventually becomes tiresome.
We feel as though Ninja Theory might have been better served by adding a more dynamic feel to Enslaved. Instead, it more resembles an advanced (yet enjoyable) version of Crash Bandicoot with robots and weaponry.
If you're looking for a game which is easy on the eye, simple fun and relatively quick to complete then Enslaved will check just two of these boxes. Comprising of fourteen chapters it's anything but short and sweet, nonetheless players looking for a challenge will be pleasantly surprised.
Enslaved is no Uncharted 2 or Tomb Raider, but it does a good job of injecting some frenetic yet simple fun into the genre. Overall it's a great title to pick up and play, but it won't blow your hair back for years to come.
Lots of good, clean and simple fun.
May be too lengthy.
enslavednamconinja theory


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in: Articles with Turkish-language external links, Articles with Russian-language external links, All articles with dead external links,
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Wars involving Georgia (country)
Wars involving Russia
Wars involving the Soviet Union
Wars involving Turkey
1921 in Georgia (country)
Georgia (country)–Russia relations
Democratic Republic of Georgia
Red Army invasion of Georgia
Red Army invasion of the Democratic Republic of Georgia
Part of Russian Civil War and the Turkish War of Independence
South Caucasus (Transcaucasus)
Soviet and Turkish military victory, establishment of the Georgian SSR.
Democratic Republic of Georgia government exiled to Leuville-sur-Orge, France.
Armenian SSR
Azerbaijan SSR
Turkish Provisional Government Democratic Republic of Georgia
Commanders and leaders
Anatoli Gekker
Mikhail Velikanov
Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze
Filipp Makharadze
Kazım Karabekir Giorgi Kvinitadze,
Giorgi Mazniashvili,
Valiko Jugheli
Red Army:
50,000 Infantry
2,500 cavalry
50 airplanes
150 artillery pieces
4,000 machine guns
15 armored trains
40 tanks
Turkish army: XV. Corps:
(20,000 men)
National Guard:
5,000 Guard veterans
10,000 cadets
17,000 volunteers
400 Cavalry
25 - 30 airplanes
8 armored trains
15 armored vehicles
{People's Guard of Georgia}
~ 600 volunteers
Casualties and losses
5,500 Soviet soldiers killed and 2,500 captured. Unknown number of wounded.
30 Turkish soldiers killed, 26 wounded, 46 missing[1] 3,200 soldiers killed or captured. Unknown number of wounded.
3,800 - 5,000 civilians killed[2]
Theaters of the Russian Civil War
October Revolution
Left-wing uprisings
Allied Intervention (Siberia, North Russia)
Vaga River
Bolshie Ozerki
Heimosodat
West Ukraine
Ossetia
Armenia and Azerbaijan
Soviet invasion of Azerbaijan
Tambov
Yakutia
Basmachi
Southern Front
of the Russian Civil War
Kharkiv (1917)
Kiev (1918)
Goychay (1918)
Aghsu (1918)
Kyurdamir (1918)
Donbass-Don (1918)
1st Kuban
Iassy-Don
Crimea (1918)
2nd Kuban
Tsaritsyn
Voronezh–Povorino
Ekaterinoslav March
Northern Caucasus (1918–1919)
Ukraine (1919)
Kiev (January 1919)
Donbass-Don (spring 1919)
Odessa–Nikolaev
Grigoriev Uprising
Vyoshenskaya Uprising
Alexander Fort
Odessa (1919)
Kharkiv (June 1919)
Mamontov Raid
Counteroffensive of Southern Front
Kiev (August 1919)
Peregonovka
Advance on Moscow
Nizhyn–Poltava
Orel–Kursk
Voronezh–Kastornoye
Khopyor–Don
Pavlograd–Ekaterinoslav
Kharkiv (December 1919)
Kiev (December 1919)
Donbass (1919)
Rostov–Novocherkassk
North Caucasus (1920)
Anzali
Ulagay's Landing
Azov Sea
Obytichnyi Spit
Northern Taurida
Makhnovshchina
Tambov Rebellion
Perekop–Chongar
Evacuation of the Crimea (1920)
The Red Army invasion of Georgia (15 February – 17 March 1921), also known as the Soviet–Georgian War[3] or the Soviet invasion of Georgia,[4] was a military campaign by the Soviet Russian (RSFSR) Red Army aimed at overthrowing the Social-Democratic (Menshevik) government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG) and installing a Bolshevik regime in the country. The conflict was a result of expansionist policy by the Soviets, who aimed at control of the same territories which had been part of the Russian Empire[5][6] until the turbulent events of World War I, as well as the revolutionary efforts of mostly Russian-based Georgian Bolsheviks, who did not have sufficient support in their native country to seize power without foreign intervention.[7][8]
Independence of the DRG had been recognized by Soviet Russia in a treaty signed 7 May 1920, and the invasion of Georgia was not universally agreed upon in Moscow. It was largely engineered by two influential Georgian-born Soviet Russian officials – Joseph Stalin and Grigoriy (Sergo) Ordzhonikidze, who obtained, on 14 February 1921, the consent of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin to advance into Georgia, on the pretext of supporting the "peasants and workers rebellion" in the country. Soviet forces took the Georgian capital Tbilisi (then known as Tiflis to most non-Georgian speakers) after heavy fighting and declared the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic on 25 February 1921. The rest of the country was overrun within three weeks, but it was not until September 1924 that Soviet rule was firmly established. Almost simultaneous occupation of a large portion of southwest Georgia by Turkey (February — March 1921) threatened to develop into a crisis between Moscow and Ankara, and led to significant territorial concessions by the Soviets to the Turkish National Government in the Treaty of Kars.
2 Prelude to the war
3 Red Army invasion
3.1 Battle for Tbilisi
3.2 Kutaisi Operation
3.3 Crisis with Turkey
Georgia effectively escaped Russian control in the chaotic aftermath of the February Revolution in Russia in 1917. After an abortive attempt to unite with Armenia and Azerbaijan in a federative state, Georgian leaders proclaimed the country's independence as the Democratic Republic of Georgia on 26 May 1918. Through sporadic conflicts with its neighbors and occasional outbreaks of civil strife, Georgia managed to maintain its precarious independence and achieved more or less firm control over its newly established borders in the troubled years of the Russian Civil War. Despite relatively wide public support and some successful reforms, the Social Democratic leadership of Georgia failed to create a stable economy or build a strong, disciplined army capable of opposing an invasion. Although there were a significant number of highly qualified officers who had served in the Imperial Russian military, the army as a whole was underfed and poorly equipped. A parallel military structure recruited from members of the Menshevik Party, the People's Guard of Georgia, was better motivated and disciplined, but being a lightly-armed, highly politicized organization dominated by party functionaries, had little usefulness as a combat force.
Prelude to the war
File:Headquarter of Caucasus Army.jpg
Mikhail Tukhachevsky with Sergo Ordzhonikidze in the headquarters of the Soviet Caucasus Front, c. 1921
Since early 1920, local Bolsheviks were actively fomenting political unrest in Georgia, capitalizing on agrarian disturbances in rural areas and inter-ethnic tensions within the country. The operational centre of the Soviet military-political forces in the Caucasus was the Kavburo (Caucasian Bureau), attached to the . Set up in February 1920, this body was presided by the Georgian Bolshevik Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, with Sergei Kirov as his deputy. The Sovietization of the Caucasus appeared to Bolshevik leaders an easier task[9] while the Allied powers were preoccupied with the Turkish War of Independence; furthermore, the Ankara-based Turkish national government of Kemal Pasha had expressed its full commitment to close co-operation with Moscow, promising to compel "Georgia… and Azerbaijan… to enter into union with Soviet Russia… and… to undertake military operations against the expansionist Armenia."[9] The Soviet leadership successfully exploited the situation and sent in its army to occupy Baku, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan. Following the establishment of Soviet rule in Baku in April 1920, Ordzhonikidze, most likely acting on his own initiative, advanced on Georgia in support of a planned Bolshevik coup in Tbilisi. When the coup failed, the Georgian government was able to concentrate all its forces on successfully blocking the Soviet advance over the Georgian-Azerbaijani border. Facing a difficult war with Poland, Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin ordered a start to negotiations with Georgia. In the Treaty of Moscow signed on 7 May 1920, Soviet Russia recognized Georgia's independence and concluded a non-aggression pact. The treaty de jure established the existing borders between the two nations and obliged Georgia to surrender all third-party elements considered hostile by Moscow. In a secret supplement, Georgia promised to legalize the local Bolshevik party.[10]
Georgian officers at the Headquarters of People's Guard in Tbilisi
Despite the peace treaty, an eventual overthrow of the Menshevik-dominated government of Georgia was both intended and planned.[11][12] With its well-established diplomatic ties to several European nations, and its control of strategic transit routes from the Black Sea to the Caspian, Georgia was viewed by the Soviet leadership as "an advance post of the Entente". Stalin called his homeland "the kept woman of the Western Powers".[13] Georgian independence was seen as a propaganda victory for exiled Russian Mensheviks in Europe; the Bolsheviks couldn't long tolerate a viable Menshevik state on their own doorstep.[5][14] The cessation of Red Army operations against Poland, the defeat of the White Russian leader Wrangel, and the fall of the First Republic of Armenia provided a favorable situation to suppress the last independent nation in the Caucasus to resist Soviet control.[15] By that time, the British expeditionary corps had completely evacuated the Caucasus, and the West was reluctant to intervene in support of Georgia. Soviet military intervention was not universally agreed upon in Moscow, and there was considerable disagreement among the Bolshevik leaders on how to deal with their southern neighbor. The People's Commissar of Nationalities Affairs, Joseph Stalin, who had, by the end of the Civil War, accumulated a remarkable amount of bureaucratic power, took a particularly hard line with his native Georgia.[16] He strongly supported a military overthrow of the Georgian government and continuously urged Lenin to give his consent for an advance into Georgia. The People's Commissar of War, Leon Trotsky, strongly disagreed with what he described as a "premature intervention", explaining that the population should be able to carry the revolution. Pursuant to his national policy on the right of nations to self-determination, Lenin had initially rejected use of force, calling for extreme caution in order to ensure that Russian support would help but not dominate the Georgian revolution;[17] however, as victory in the Civil War drew ever closer, Moscow's actions became less restrained. For many Bolsheviks, self-determination was increasingly seen as "a diplomatic game which has to be played in certain cases".[18] According to Moscow, relations with Georgia deteriorated over alleged violations of the peace treaty, re-arrest of Georgian Bolsheviks, obstruction of the passage of convoys to Armenia, and a suspicion that Georgia was aiding armed rebels in the North Caucasus.[19]
Red Army invasion
The tactics used by the Soviets to gain control of Georgia were similar to those applied in Azerbaijan and Armenia in 1920, i.e., to send in the Red Army while encouraging local Bolsheviks to stage unrest; however, this policy was difficult to implement in Georgia,[20] where the Communist party did not enjoy popular support and remained an isolated political force. On the night of 11/12 February 1921, at Ordzhonikidze's instigation, Bolsheviks attacked local Georgian military posts in the ethnic Armenian district of Lorri and the nearby village of Shulaveri, near the Armenian and Azerbaijani borders. Armenian-based Red Army units quickly came to the aid of the insurrection, though without Moscow's formal approval.[21] When the Georgian government protested to the Soviet envoy in Tbilisi, Aron Sheinman, over the incidents, he denied any involvement and declared that the disturbances must be a spontaneous revolt by the Armenian communists.[22] Meanwhile, the Bolsheviks had already set up a Georgian Revolutionary Committee (Georgian Revkom) in Shulaveri, a body that would soon acquire the functions of a rival government. Chaired by the Georgian Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze, the Revkom formally applied to Moscow for help. Disturbances also erupted in the town of Dusheti and among Ossetians in northeast Georgia who resented the Georgian government's refusal to grant them autonomy. Georgian forces managed to contain the disorders in some areas, but the preparations for a Soviet intervention were already being set in train. When the Georgian army moved to Lorri to crush the revolt, Lenin finally gave in to the repeated requests of Stalin and Ordzhonikidze[23] to allow the Red Army to invade Georgia, on the pretext of aiding an uprising. The ultimate decision was made at the 14 February meeting of the :
" The Central Committee is inclined to allow the 11th Army to give active support to the uprising in Georgia and to occupy Tiflis provided that international norms are observed, and on condition that all members of the Military Revolutionary Council of the Eleventh Army, after a thorough review of all information, guarantee success. We give warning that we are having to go without bread for want of transport and that we shall therefore not let you have a single locomotive or railway track. We are compelled to transport nothing from the Caucasus but grain and oil. We require an immediate answer by direct line signed by all members of the Military Revolutionary Council of the Eleventh Army.[18] "
The decision to support the invasion was not unanimous. It was opposed by Karl Radek and was held secret from Trotsky who was in the Ural area at that time.[24] The latter was so upset by the news of the Central Committee decision and Ordzhonikidze's role in engineering it that on his return to Moscow he demanded, though fruitlessly, that a special party commission be set up to investigate the affair.[19] Later Trotsky would reconcile himself to the accomplished fact and even defend the invasion in a special pamphlet.[25][26]
Battle for Tbilisi
At dawn on 16 February the main body of 11th Red Army troops under Anatoli Gekker crossed into Georgia and started the Tiflis Operation[27] aimed at capturing the capital. Georgian border forces under General Stephen Akhmeteli were overwhelmed on the Khrami River. Retreating westward, the Georgian commander General Tsulukidze blew up railway bridges and demolished roads in an effort to delay the enemy's advance. Simultaneously, Red Army units marched into Georgia from the north through the Daryal and Mamisoni passes, and along the Black Sea coast towards Sukhumi. While these events were proceeding, the Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs issued a series of statements disclaiming involvement by the Red Army and professing willingness to mediate any disputes which had arisen within Georgia.[22]
The 11th Red Army occupies Tbilisi. 25 February 1921
By 17 February Soviet infantry and cavalry divisions supported by aircraft were less than 15 kilometers northeast of Tbilisi. The Georgian army put up a stubborn fight in defense of the approaches to the capital, which they held for a week in the face of overwhelming Red Army superiority. From 18 to 20 February the strategic heights of Kojori and Tabakhmela passed from hand to hand in heavy fighting. Georgian forces under General Giorgi Mazniashvili managed to push the Soviets back inflicting heavy losses; they quickly regrouped and tightened the circle around Tbilisi. By 23 February the railway bridges had been restored, and Soviet tanks and armored trains joined in a renewed assault on the capital. While the armored trains laid down suppressing fire, tanks and infantry penetrated the Georgian positions on the Kojori heights.[28] On 24 February the Georgian commander-in-chief, Giorgi Kvinitadze, bowed to the inevitable and ordered a withdrawal to save his army from complete encirclement and the city from destruction. The Georgian government and Constituent Assembly evacuated to Kutaisi in western Georgia what gave the Georgian army a huge moralic blow. On 25 February the triumphant Red Army entered Tbilisi. Bolshevik soldiers engaged in widespread looting.[22][29] The Revkom headed by Mamia Orakhelashvili and Shalva Eliava ventured into the capital and proclaimed the overthrow of the Menshevik government, the dissolution of the Georgian National Army and People's Guard, and the formation of a Georgian Soviet Republic. On the same day, in Moscow, Lenin received the congratulations of his commissars – "The red banner blows over Tbilisi. Long live Soviet Georgia!"
Kutaisi Operation
The British Mark V tanks acquired by the Red Army in the course of the Civil War and Foreign Intervention contributed to the Soviet victory in the battle for Tbilisi.[30]
Georgian commanders planned to concentrate their forces at the town of Mtskheta, northwest of Tbilisi, and continue fighting on new lines of defense; the fall of the capital, however, had heavily demoralized the Georgian troops, and Mtskheta was abandoned. The army was gradually disintegrating as it continued its retreat westward, offering sometimes fierce but largely unorganized resistance to the advancing Red Army troops. Sporadic fighting continued for several months as the Soviets secured the major cities and towns of eastern Georgia.
The Mensheviks entertained hopes of aid from a French naval squadron cruising in the Black Sea off the Georgian coast.[22] On 28 February the French opened fire on the 31st Rifle Division of the 9th Red Army under V. Chernishev, but did not land troops. The Georgians managed to regain control of the coastal town of Gagra, but their success was temporary. Soviet forces joined by Abkhaz peasant militias, the Kyaraz, succeeded in taking Gagra on 1 March, New Athos on 3 March, and Sukhumi on 4 March; they then advanced eastward to occupy Zugdidi on 9 March and Poti on 14 March. The Georgians' attempt to hold out near Kutaisi was spoiled by the surprise advance of a Red Army detachment from North Caucasia, which traversed the virtually impenetrable Mamisoni Pass through deep snow drifts, and advanced down the Rioni Valley. After a bloody clash at Surami on 5 March 1921, the 11th Red Army also crossed the Likhi Range into the western part of the country. On 10 March Soviet forces entered Kutaisi, which had been abandoned, the Georgian leadership, army and People's Guard having evacuated to the key Black Sea port city of Batumi in southwest Georgia. Some Georgian forces withdrew into the mountains and continued to fight.
Crisis with Turkey
Red Army commanders in Batum in March 1921
On 23 February, ten days after the Red Army began its march on Tbilisi, Kazım Karabekir, the commander of the Eastern Front of the Turkish Army of the Grand National Assembly, issued an ultimatum demanding the evacuation of Ardahan and Artvin by Georgia. The Mensheviks, under fire from both sides, had to accede, and the Turkish force advanced into Georgia, occupying the frontier areas. No armed engagements took place between the Turkish and Georgian forces. This brought the Turkish army within a short distance of still Georgian-held Batumi, creating the circumstances for a possible armed clash as the Red Army's 18th Cavalry Division under Dmitri Zhloba approached the city. Hoping to use these circumstances to their advantage, the Mensheviks reached a verbal agreement with Karabekir on 7 March, permitting the Turkish army to enter the city while leaving the government of Georgia in control of its civil administration.[4] On 8 March Turkish troops under Colonel Kizim-Bey took up defensive positions surrounding the city, leading to a crisis with Soviet Russia. Georgy Chicherin, Soviet People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, submitted a protest note to Ali Fuat Cebesoy, the Turkish representative in Moscow. In response Ali Fuat handed two notes to the Soviet government. The Turkish notes claimed that the Turkish armies were only providing security to local Muslim elements put under threat by Soviet military operations in the region.[9]
Despite Moscow's military successes, the situation on the Caucasus front had become precarious. Armenians, aided by the Red Army involvement in Georgia, had revolted, retaking Yerevan on 18 February 1921. In the North Caucasus, Dagestani rebels continued to fight the Soviets. The Turkish occupation of Georgia's territories implied the near certainty of a Soviet-Turkish confrontation, and the Georgians repeatedly refused to capitulate. On 2 March Lenin, who feared an unfavourable outcome to the Georgian campaign, sent his "warm greetings to Soviet Georgia", clearly revealing his desire to bring hostilities to an end as quickly as possible. He emphasized the "tremendous importance of devising an acceptable compromise for a bloc" with the Mensheviks. On 8 March the Georgian Revkom reluctantly proposed a coalition government, which the Mensheviks refused.[4]
When the Turkish authorities proclaimed the annexation of Batumi on 16 March the Georgian government was forced to make a choice. Their hopes for French or British intervention had already vanished. France had never considered sending an expeditionary force, and the United Kingdom had ordered the Royal Navy not to intervene; furthermore, on 16 March the British and Soviet governments signed a trade agreement, in which Prime Minister Lloyd George effectively promised to refrain from anti-Soviet activities in all territories of the former Russian Empire. Simultaneously, a treaty of friendship was signed in Moscow between Soviet Russia and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, whereby Ardahan and Artvin were awarded to Turkey, which renounced its claims to Batumi.
The Turks, despite the terms of the treaty, were reluctant to evacuate Batumi and continued its occupation. Fearing permanent loss of the city to Turkey, Georgian leaders agreed to talks with the Revkom. In Kutaisi, Georgian Defense Minister Grigol Lordkipanidze and the Soviet plenipotentiary Avel Enukidze arranged an armistice on 17 March, and then, on 18 March, an agreement which allowed the Red Army to advance in force to Batumi.
Amid the ongoing Turkish-Soviet consultations in Moscow, the armistice with the Mensheviks allowed the Bolsheviks to act indirectly from behind the scenes, through several thousand soldiers of the Georgian National Army mobilized at the outskirts of Batumi and inclined to fight for the city. On 18 March the remaining Georgian army under General Mazniashvili attacked Batumi and was engaged in heavy street fighting with the Turkish army. While the battle raged, the Menshevik government boarded an Italian vessel and sailed into exile escorted by French warships. The battle ended on 19 March with the port and most of the city in Georgian hands. On the same day, Mazniashvili surrendered the city to the Revkom and Zhloba's cavalry entered Batumi to reinforce Bolshevik authority there.
The sanguinary events in Batumi halted the Russian-Turkish negotiations, and it was not until 26 September when the talks between Turkey and the Soviets, nominally including also the representatives of the Armenian, Azerbaijani and Georgian SSRs, finally reopened in Kars. The Treaty of Kars, signed on 13 October contained the provisions agreed upon in March and some other new territorial settlements just reached. In exchange for Artvin, Ardahan, and Kars, Turkey abandoned its claims to Batumi, whose largely Muslim Georgian population was to be granted autonomy within the Georgian SSR.[4]
See also: August Uprising
Despite the Georgian government's emigration and the demobilization of the National Army, pockets of guerrilla resistance still remained in the mountains and some rural areas. The invasion of Georgia brought about serious controversies among the Bolsheviks themselves. The newly established Communist government initially offered unexpectedly mild terms to their former opponents who still remained in the country. Lenin also favored a policy of conciliation in Georgia, where a pro-Bolshevik revolt did not enjoy the popular backing claimed for it,[31] and the population was solidly anti-Bolshevik.[32] In 1922, a strong public resentment over the forcible Sovietization indirectly reflected in the opposition of Soviet Georgian authorities to Moscow's centralizing policies promoted by Dzerzhinsky, Stalin and Ordzhonikidze. The problem, known in modern history writing as the "Georgian Affair", was to become one of the major points at issue between Stalin and Trotsky in the last years of Lenin's leadership[31] and found its reflection in "Lenin's Political Testament".[33] The world largely neglected the violent Soviet takeover of Georgia. On 27 March 1921, the exiled Georgian leadership issued an appeal from their temporary offices in Istanbul to "all socialist parties and workers' organizations" of the world, protesting against the invasion of Georgia. The appeal went unheeded, though. Beyond passionate editorials in some Western newspapers and calls for action from such Georgian sympathizers as Sir Oliver Wardrop, the international response to the events in Georgia was silence.[34] In Georgia, an intellectual resistance to the Bolshevik regime and occasional outbreaks of guerrilla warfare evolved into a major rebellion in August 1924. Its failure and the ensuing wave of large-scale repressions orchestrated by the emerging Soviet security officer, Lavrentiy Beria, heavily demoralized the Georgian society and exterminated its most active pro-independence part. Within a week, from 29 August to 5 September 1924, 12,578 people, chiefly nobles and intellectuals, were executed[35] and over 20,000 exiled to Siberia.[22] From that time, no major overt attempt was made to challenge Soviet authority in the country until a new generation of anti-Soviet movements emerged in the late 1970s.
Soviet historians considered the Red Army invasion of Georgia a part of the larger conflict which they referred to as "the Civil War and Foreign Intervention". In early Soviet history writing, the Georgian episode was considered as a "revolutionary war" and is described in just this term in the first edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopaedia. Later, the term "revolutionary war" went out of fashion among Soviet writers, partly because it was not easy to distinguish from "aggression", in the Soviets' own definition of that word. Hence, the later Soviet histories put things differently. The Red Army intervention, according to the official Soviet version, was in response to a plea for help that followed an armed rebellion by Georgia's peasants and workers. This version exculpated Soviet Russia from any charge of aggression against Georgia by pointing out that the Georgians themselves asked Moscow to send the Red Army into their country, so as to remove their existing government and replace it with a communist one.[36] Using its control over education and the media, the Soviet Union successfully created an image of a popular socialist revolution in Georgia. Most Georgian historians were not allowed to consult Spetskhran, special restricted access library collections and archival reserves that also covered the "unacceptable" events in Soviet history, particularly those that could be interpreted imperialist or contradicted a concept of a popular uprising against the Menshevik government.[10] The 1980s wave of Mikhail Gorbachev's Glasnost ("publicity") policy refuted an old Soviet version of the 1921-4 events. The first Soviet historian, who attempted, in 1988, to revise the hitherto commonly accepted interpretation of the Soviet-Georgian war, was a notable Georgian scholar, Akaki Surguladze, ironically the same historian whose 1982 monograph described the alleged Georgian worker revolt as a truly historical event.[10] Under strong public pressure, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR set up, on 2 June 1989, a special commission for investigation of legal aspects of the 1921 events. The commission came to the conclusion[37] that "the [Soviet Russian] deployment of troops in Georgia and seizure of its territory was, from a legal point of view, a military interference, intervention, and occupation with the aim of overthrowing the existing political order."[38] At an extraordinary session of the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR convened on 26 May 1990, the Sovietization of Georgia was officially denounced as "an occupation and effective annexation of Georgia by Soviet Russia."[39]
Modern Georgian politicians and some observers have repeatedly drawn parallels between the 1921 events and Russia's policy towards Georgia and Western Europe's reluctance to confront Russia over Georgia in the 2000s (decade), especially during the August 2008 war.[40][41][42][43]
On July 21, 2010, Georgia declared February 25 as Soviet Occupation Day to recall the Red Army invasion in 1921.[44][45] The Georgian parliament voted in favor of the government's initiative. The decision, endorsed unanimously by the Parliament of Georgia instructs the government to organize various memorial events every February 25 and to fly the national flag half-mast to commemorate, as the decision puts it, the hundreds of thousands of victims of political repressions of the Communist occupational regime.[46]
↑ Ayfer Özçelik: Ali Fuat Cebesoy: 1882-10 Ocak 1968, publisher Akçağ, 1993, page 206. (Turkish)
↑ According to a Russian statistician and Soviet-era dissident, Professor I.A. Kurganov, the 1921-2 military operations against Georgia took lives of about 20,000 people. [1]
↑ (Russian) "Советско-грузинская война 1921 г. (Soviet-Georgian war of 1921)". Хронос ("Hronos"). http://www.hrono.ru/sobyt/1921gruz.html. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Debo, R. (1992). Survival and Consolidation: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1918-1921, pp. 182, 361-364. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN 0-7735-0828-7
↑ 5.0 5.1 Kort, M (2001), The Soviet Colossus, p.154. M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 0-7656-0396-9
↑ "Russia". (2006). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 27 October 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: [2]
↑ Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994). "The Making of the Georgian Nation". Indiana University Press. p. 207. ISBN 0-253-20915-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=riW0kKzat2sC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA207#v=onepage&q&f=false.
↑ Sicker, M. (2001), The Middle East in the Twentieth Century, p. 124. Praeger/Greenwood, ISBN 0-275-96893-6
↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Kedourie, S., editor (1998), Turkey: Identity, Democracy, Politics, p. 65. Routledge (UK), ISBN 0-7146-4718-7
↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Beichman, A. (1991). The Long Pretense: Soviet Treaty Diplomacy from Lenin to Gorbachev, p. 165. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 0-88738-360-2.
↑ Erickson, J., editor (2001). The Soviet High Command: A Military-Political History, 1918-1941, p. 123. Routledge (UK). ISBN 0-7146-5178-8.
↑ "Russian Civil War". (2006). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 27 October 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: [3]
↑ Mawdsley, Evan (2007), The Russian Civil War, p. 228. Pegasus Books, ISBN 1-933648-15-5
↑ Pethybridge, RW (1990), One Step Backwards, Two Steps Forward: Soviet Society and Politics in the New Economic Policy, p. 254. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-821927-X
↑ Dench, G (2002), Minorities in the Open Society, p. 87. Transaction Publishers, ISBN 0-7658-0979-6
↑ Wood, A (1990), Stalin and Stalinism, p. 22. Routledge (UK), ISBN 0-415-03721-2
↑ "Glossary of Events: Georgian Affair-1921". Encyclopedia of Marxism. http://www.marxists.org/glossary/events/g/e.htm. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
↑ 18.0 18.1 Kowalski, RI (1997), The Russian Revolution, p. 175. Routledge (UK), ISBN 0-415-12437-9
↑ 19.0 19.1 Jeremy Smith (May 1998). "The Georgian Affair of 1922. Policy Failure, Personality Clash or Power Struggle?". pp. 519–544. Digital object identifier:10.1080/09668139808412550. http://www.geocities.com/kartulisite/history/geohist.html. [dead link]
↑ Phillips, S (2000), Lenin and the Russian Revolution, p. 49. ca-print-harcourt_heinemann, ISBN 0-435-32719-4
↑ Арутюнов, Аким Александрович (Arutyunov, Akim Aleksandrovich) (1999), Досье Ленина без ретуши. Документы. Факты. Свидетельства. (Lenin' Dossier without Retouching. Documents, Facts, and Evidences). Moscow: Вече (Veche). ISBN 5-7838-0530-0 (in Russian). See also an abridged online version of the book.
↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 Lang, DM (1962). A Modern History of Georgia, pp. 234-6. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
↑ For further details on the role of Stalin and Ordzhonikidze in the establishment of Soviet rule in the Caucasus, see
(Russian) "Счастье на штыках (Happiness upon Bayonets)". Исторический альманах "Лабиринт времен" (Historic almanac The Labyrinth of Times). http://www.hist.ru/kavbolsh.html. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
Арутюнов, Аким Александрович (Arutyunov, Akim Aleksandrovich) (1999), Досье Ленина без ретуши. Документы. Факты. Свидетельства. (Lenin' Dossier without Retouching. Documents, Facts, and Evidences). Moscow: Вече (Veche). ISBN 5-7838-0530-0 (in Russian). See also an abridged online version of the book.
↑ Brackman, R (2000), The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life, p. 163. Routledge (UK), ISBN 0-7146-5050-1
↑ Deutscher, I. (2003), The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky: 1921-1929, p. 41. Verso, ISBN 1-85984-446-4
↑ This pamphlet by Trotsky is perhaps the best known book justifying the invasion. It was a rebuttal to Karl Kautsky's work which declared Georgia to be a democratic socialist workers and peasants republic.
Trotsky, Leon (1922), Between Red and White: a study of some fundamental questions of revolution, with particular reference to Georgia (Social democracy and the wars of intervention). Encyclopedia of Marxism. Retrieved on 17 April 2007.
Kautsky, Karl (translated by H. J. Stenning; 1921), Georgia: A Social-Democratic Peasant Republic – Impressions And Observations. Encyclopedia of Marxism. Retrieved on 17 April 2007.
↑ (Russian)"Тифлисская операция 1921 (Tiflis Operation of 1921)". Большая советская энциклопедия (БСЭ) (Great Soviet Encyclopedia) (3 ed.). 1969-1978. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20070929135311/http://www.cultinfo.ru/fulltext/1/001/008/110/828.htm.
↑ For further details on the involvement of the Red Army armored trains in the Tiflis Operation, see Дроговоз И. Г. (Drogovoz, IG) (2002), Крепости на колесах: История бронепоездов (Fortresses on wheels: History of armored trains). Минск (Minsk): Харвест (Harvest), ISBN 985-13-0744-0 (in Russian)
↑ Melgunov, SP (1925), The Red Terror in Russia. JM Dent and Sons, London and Toronto. Russian translation: С. П. Мельгунов (2005). Красный террор в России. 1918-1923. Айрис-пресс, ISBN 5-8112-1715-3. Online version: [4]
↑ Aksenov, A., Bullok, D (2006), Armored Units of the Russian Civil War: Red Army, p. Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-545-7
↑ 31.0 31.1 Deutscher, I. (2003), The Prophet Armed: Trotsky: 1879-1921 , p. 393. Verso, ISBN 1-85984-441-3
↑ Conquest, R (1991), The Great Terror: Reassessment, p. 4. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-507132-8
↑ "V.I. Lenin. The Question of Nationalities or "Autonomisation"". Encyclopedia of Marxism. http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1922/dec/testamnt/autonomy.htm. Retrieved 2006-11-02.
↑ King, Charles (2008), The Ghost of Freedom: A History of the Caucasus, p. 173. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-517775-4.
↑ (Russian) "ШЕСТАЯ ГЛАВА ИЗ "ЧЕРНОЙ КНИГИ КОММУНИЗМА"". http://referendym.narod.ru/blackbook.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-21. . A Russian translation of the Chapter 6 from Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panne, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, Stéphane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard University Press, 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 0-674-07608-7
↑ Vigor, Peter Hast (1975), The Soviet View of War, Peace, and Neutrality, pp. 77-78. Routledge, ISBN 0-7100-8143-X
↑ largely based upon extensive studies conducted in the "Georgian Archive" of Houghton Library, Harvard University, which has been opened for researchers since September 1988. [5]
↑ Ментешашвили, А (Menteshashvili, A) (2002), Из истории взаимоотнашений Грузинской Демократическои республики с советской Россией и Антантой. 1918-1921 гг. (History of the Relations of the Democratic Republic of Georgia with Soviet Russia and the Entente of 1918-21)
↑ Soviet Georgia Demands Talks for Independence. Los Angeles Times. 10.03.1990
↑ Saakashvili Urges for EU's Help. Civil Georgia. 2008-05-12.
↑ Saakashvili Address on Russia's Abkhazia, S. Ossetia Recognition. Civil Georgia. 2008-08-26.
↑ Georgia's Statehood Under Danger, Resist Enemy Everywhere – Government Tells the Nation. Civil Georgia. 2008-08-10.
↑ Lee, Eric (Autumn 2008), Global Labor Notes / Russia invades – and the labour movement is silent. Democratiya.
↑ Georgia: 25 February Declared 'Soviet Occupation Day'
↑ Georgia to mark Soviet occupation every year
↑ 25 February Declared Day of Soviet Occupation
Stephen F. Jones (October 1988). "The Establishment of Soviet Power in Transcaucasia: The Case of Georgia 1921-1928". pp. 616–639. JSTOR 151812.
Kazemzadeh, Firuz (1951), The Struggle for the Transcaucasus. (1917–1921). New York: The Philosophical Library of New York.
WED Allen (May 1927). "New Political Boundaries in the Caucasus". pp. 430–441. JSTOR 1782090.
Anita L. Burdett, ed. (1 June 2001). "Caucasian Boundaries. Documents and Maps. 1802–1946". pp. 229–249. http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&eissn=1465-3354&volume=20&issue=2&spage=229.
Kautsky, Karl: Georgia: A Social-Democratic Peasant Republic - Impressions And Observations. International Bookshops Ltd., London [etc.] 1921.
Trotsky, Leon: Between Red and White: A Study of Some Fundamental Questions of Revolution, with Particular Reference to Georgia. Hyperion Press, Westport, Conn. 1975, ISBN 0-88355-189-6
Communist Takeover and Occupation of Georgia. "Special Report No. 6 of the Select Committee on Communist Aggression", United States House of Representatives, 83rd Congress, 2nd session. 31 December 1954. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1955.
Blank, Stephen (1993). The Soviet Conquest of Georgia. Central Asian Survey, 33-46:12.
Keun, Odette (1924). In the Land of the Golden Fleece: Through Independent Menchevist Georgia. London: John Lane.
(Russian) Борисова, И.Д. Российско-грузинские межреспубликанские связи 1917–1922 гг. / И.Д. Борисова // PANDECTAE: сб. ст. преподавателей, аспирантов и соискателей каф. гос.-правовых дисциплин юрид. фак. ВГПУ. – Владимир: Изд-во ВГПУ, 2004.
(Russian) "Оккупация и фактическая аннексия Грузии". Документы и материалы. Сост. А. Ментешашвили, ред. А. Сургуладзе, Тбилиси, 1990.
(French) Andrew Andersen et George Partskhaladze (1/2009), La guerre soviéto-géorgienne et la soviétisation de la Géorgie (février-mars 1921). Revue historique des Armées, 254: 67-75
Invasions of Georgia
Scytho-Cimmerian invasions of the Caucasus
Roman invasion
Sassanid invasion of 526–532
Turkic-Byzantine invasion
Marwan ibn Muhammad's invasion
Sajid invasion
Byzantine invasion
Great Turkish Invasion
Mongol invasions
Timur's invasions
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Shah Tahmasp I's invasions of Georgia
Ottoman invasion of 1578
Shah Abbas I's invasions of Georgia
Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar's sack of Tbilisi
Russian intervention of 2008
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text:
package net.amigochi.amigochi.features.notifications;

import com.google.firebase.messaging.FirebaseMessagingService;
import com.google.firebase.messaging.RemoteMessage;

/**
 * Created by sierisimo on 21/06/16.
 */
public class AmountNotification extends FirebaseMessagingService {
    @Override
    public void onMessageReceived(RemoteMessage remoteMessage) {
        super.onMessageReceived(remoteMessage);
    }
}


text:
8 Signs He's Being Unfaithful Even If He Says Otherwise
Mark Antony
There's just no getting around it. Cheating sucks, but it happens. There are just so many inconsiderate people out there who can't seem to stay loyal in their relationships. They can't just break things off with the people they're with now before embarking in third-party romantic relations No one ever wins in circumstances of infidelity. It's just a really big mess that ends up hurting everyone involved in it. You would never want to be the victim of an unfaithful predator. If you're in a relationship with someone who cheats on you, then you would definitely want to know about it. You wouldn't want to be kept in the dark about your man's infidelities. You would want to know bout his unfaithful activities so that you can call him out on it and leave him.
But that's the thing. Most cheaters will cheat under the assumption that they would never get caught. They would never openly admit to you that they're cheating on you. And that's why it's your job to stay vigilant. You would never want to be made a fool of. You would never want someone to be abusing and using you behind your back. You have to keep yourself guarded. You have to be on top of your game. And that all starts with knowing what you're supposed to be looking for.
So how do you find out if your man really is cheating on you? You just have to keep an eye out for the signs. They might not be openly admitting the fact that they're cheating on you. But they're definitely leaving clues in the trail. You just have to sniff them out. Here are 8 signs he's being unfaithful even if he says otherwise:
1. Your gut is telling you that something isn't right.
Learn to really trust your instincts. Your gut is there for a reason. It's there to look out for you. It's there to make sure that no one screws you over or betrays you. Your gut is trying to help save you from impending heartache and disappointment. If it's telling you that something is wrong, then it's probably because something is definitely wrong.
2. There is a substantial shift in his behavior.
If he starts acting so different all of a sudden especially in his treatment towards you, then you know that something is up. If he's acting super nice towards you, then it could be because he's guilty and he's trying to compensate by being excessively nice. If he's acting rude towards you, then it's probably because he's losing that connection with you and seeking it elsewhere.
3. He doesn't make you feel like you can trust him.
Trust is more than just a feeling. It's a connection between two people. And if you feel like that connection is faltering somehow, then it's certainly happening for a reason.
4. He becomes much more protective of his phone and his computer.
He has a bunch of his messages with his outside beau on his phone and his computer. So of course he wouldn't want to give you access to it. He's trying to cover his tracks the best way he can. He knows that all of the evidence can be found on his communication device and he doesn't want to lead you right to the proof of his infidelity.
5. His alibis and stories just don't add up.
His stories just don't add up. He contradicts himself with his stories and his alibis. The dates, times, settings, and other little details just don't add up at all. They are all very inconsistent and he's starting to get confused in the web of lies that he's weaving for himself.
6. He acts uncharacteristically busy all of a sudden.
If he suddenly has less and less time to spend with you even though you know that nothing major is going on at his place of work, then he's likely cheating on you. HE's just looking for an excuse to spend less time with you and more time to spend with his mistresses.
7. He seeks out random arguments with you to make you feel bad.
He's deeply guilty about what he's doing to you and so he wants to level out the playing field. He will make you feel bad and call you out on even the slightest mistake that you make. He will blow things out of proportion and make you feel like you're the most terrible girlfriend on the face of this earth.
8. He will gaslight the hell out of you.
Whenever you confront him about his infidelity, he will find a way to make it seem like you're crazy and irrational. He will make you believe that you are the one who is at fault or that you're merely imagining things. He will make you think that you're the one who is jeopardizing the relationship with all of your accusations.
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