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Presidio to charge for parking
Examiner Staff
Visitors driving to The City's Presidio national park often bring a lot of things: hiking boots, picnic baskets, kites. Now, they may have to carry a roll of quarters with them as well.
Presidio Trust Executive Director Craig Middleton said recently that the Presidio would begin rolling out a plan to charge for parking in the sprawling national park and construct new lots in anticipation of the park's facelift as Presidio officials plan to turn a 7-acre parking lot at the center of the park into a grass-and-granite thoroughfare.
Machines currently collect money at Letterman Drive and Ruger Street for about $6 a day, but several more machines are on the way. Parking is free after 5 p.m., but there is a monthly fee for residents.
According to a Presidio spokeswoman, the money collected from parking is part of the Presidio's plan to become self-sustainable. Within four years, Presidio officials expect the site to be a new tourist destination with several museums, a hotel lodge and cafes.
But visiting the park can be a public-transit headache. Officials are talking with the Municipal Transportation Authority about adding more bus lines to the Presidio. Three bus routes service the area, but the lines don't connect to The City's tourist-heavy areas such as Fisherman's Wharf and Union Square.
Middleton said he is also looking into parking lots at each of the four roads that lead into the park's main area. He also said the Presidio is considering underground and aboveground parking garages.
Residents of the park and surrounding San Francisco neighborhoods are not thrilled about the parking plan. In addition to paying monthly fees for extra vehicles, residents often look to Pacific Heights and other neighborhoods for parking.
Vince Vazquez, who left his Presidio home in June after 2½ years, was so sick of paying $20 a month that he circulated a petition against it. Walking door to door, he found that practically every resident felt they were being pinched.
"Living in a national park is a great experience," he said. "But you're completely dependent on a car. When you're nickeled and dimed over time, it just gets old."
bbegin@examiner.com
Belmont seeks $1 million for bike bridge over Highway 101
S.F. Police Blotter


The story of Little Nutbrown Hare and his father, Big Nutbrown Hare, is well-known. Guess How Much I Love You in picture book format has sold 30 million copies, worldwide, and generated more books, DVDs and other merchandise. The original children's picture book was written by Sam McBratney, illustrated by Anita Jeram and published by Walker Books in 1994. Now here's an app for iPad, with the full name of Guess How Much I Love You - Interactive Episodes. It was developed with the assistance of Screen Australia and NSW Trade and Investment.
Join the adventures of Little Nutbrown Hare with a unique iPad application that includes 2 full interactive episodes, integrated with age appropriate fun games and simple puzzles to create an enhanced and engaging storytelling experience. Designed for young children and parents to explore and engage with together, the iPad application offers a simple and intuitive interface ensuring the application is easy to use.
Kids will enjoy the personalised postcard sending function allowing them to share the Guess How Much I Love You experience with the entire family.
The application has been developed for pre-schoolers aged 3 – 5 and suits all levels of iPad experience.
I loved that the app is faithful to the gentleness of the original book version. In many ways, it's like watching a little animated video, with suitable pauses for some interactivity. The games suited the story: finding shapes in the star formations in the sky and tapping stars to produce musical notes and tunes. The voice actors did an excellent job, with voices perfect for each character. And free is always wonderful, although iTunes indicates that may be for a limited time. (UPDATE: no longer free.) I love that navigation is simple and straightforward, but applaud the developers for stressing that the app is for parents and kids to use together.
If your kids know the picture book, this makes an excellent extension for them. If they don't, it might make a nice introduction to the book. The characters really are timeless, with a cuteness factor of 10+, and the story will definitely appeal to its target audience of 3-5 year olds. There are some nice colouring sheets available at the Guess How Much I Love You website.


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Tawanda Campbell, Debra Hancock, Diana Lopez, Margaret Mosher, Teresa Slack, Sandy Uffelman
SkillsUSA.org > Success Story > Tawanda Campbell, Debra Hancock, Diana Lopez, Margaret Mosher, Teresa Slack, Sandy Uffelman
After losing four different jobs due to the economic downturn in Florida, single mother Debra Hancock decided it was time to do something to make herself more marketable. She enrolled in the medical administrative assisting program at Manatee Technical Institute (MTI) in Bradenton.
Each of her former employers had cut staff or closed, and when Hancock lost the fourth job, she was one month away from qualifying for health insurance. The timing couldn't have been worse — she discovered she had breast cancer.
"I immediately went and asked for assistance from the health department," Hancock says. "I just dove in and concentrated on dealing with the cancer. I've been in remission now, officially, since February 2010."
The month before, she started at MTI. By happy coincidence, she ended up interning for Florida Cancer Specialists, the group who did her chemotherapy.
Another hopeful sign came when MTI director Mary Cantrell, who often roams the campus promoting SkillsUSA and seeking champions (see Page 14), visited one of Hancock's classes. Cantrell asked if anyone had any background in parliamentary procedure, and Hancock raised her hand. That move landed her on a Chapter Business Procedure contest team.
Hancock already knew another student on the team, Teresa Slack, who'd faced her own challenging path before joining. Slack returned to Florida from North Carolina when her father became terminally ill. In the process, she reunited with her estranged husband and took a job at a restaurant. She also started helping care for her husband's elderly grandmother. Needing a more flexible schedule, she enrolled in the accounting operations program at MTI.
Cantrell, her husband and Slack had started a campus Lions Club chapter, with Slack as its president. The student's connection was personal: the Lions donated the corneas for her brother's transplant after he lost his eyesight, and her niece was legally blind. The organization is known for its help with sight, hearing and diabetes issues. Slack asked Hancock, whose father was diabetic and on dialysis, to serve as the Lions chapter vice president, and she agreed.
Slack immersed herself in SkillsUSA as well, recognizing that both organizations share leadership and community service tenets. But she didn't know how close she and Hancock would become with the other Chapter Business Procedure team members in the process of defending MTI's long record of SkillsUSA medals.
The youngest, Diana Lopez, accepted Slack's offer to join with reservations. A fellow student in accounting operations, Lopez lived 25 minutes from the campus and worked nights at a restaurant. Getting up early, she had classes until 11:15 a.m., then went home to study and deal with personal responsibilities before starting her job at 4 p.m. During the tourist season, she often worked past midnight.
Lopez learned a lot from her more seasoned teammates. "Sometimes I don't want to go to school," she explains. "I'm tired. I'm so busy. I ask myself, 'How can they do it, and I can't?' I'm younger. They're having a hard time, and I'm just making excuses. They keep me going."
Another team member, Tawanda Campbell, says she learned the patience to be a team player despite a hectic schedule. Her mother, who doesn't drive and who's raising two grandchildren, lives with her. "So I'm their chauffeur," she says. "I take them everywhere they need to go."
Campbell had worked for Tropicana in Bradenton since 1997, but finding comparable work during seasonal layoffs was a challenge.
During one layoff, she worked for a county library. With only a GED diploma, she didn't have the education to move up. Campbell eventually enrolled at MTI to study business administration and was offered a full-time position with Tropicana. But by the time she gave notice with the county and returned, the department had been dissolved.
Returning to seasonal shift work, Campbell often suffered sleepless nights to attend classes. "Pepsi products and chocolate" helped keep her going when sleep wasn't an option, she laughs. Fortunately, Tropicana has begun paying her tuition.
Team member Sandy Uffelman left her own job as a dental assistant after 13 years. When her husband opened a plumbing and drain-cleaning company, she ran the office — until the housing boom went bust, that is, and plumbing companies that had been doing new construction moved into the service industry. The couple went to work for another plumbing business, but they lost their jobs within three weeks of each other.
Reading about MTI and SkillsUSA in the newspaper, Uffelman was drawn to the campus and its medical administrative specialist program. She and classmate Margaret Mosher were recruited into the Lions chapter by Slack, and Cantrell urged them to join the SkillsUSA team.
Mosher had worked in retail for more than 20 years. She'd been a store manager for 13 of them when the economy and personal crises forced her to leave.
"I had to have my knee replaced, twice. I lost my son during that time," Mosher says. "It's been a couple of years that have been really dark."
Her son had a problem with prescription drug abuse and died at home.
"It was about a week before I was to get my knee operated on. He wasn't feeling good one night. The next day, we went in and checked on him at 6:30 a.m., and he was gone." Mosher talks openly about the loss. "I share my story. I want kids to know what this can do to you."
For years, she'd also taken care of her husband, who was disabled in 1984. "He had a high-voltage electrical shock and got 7,600 volts of electricity," Mosher explains.
More than ready for a fresh start, she started classes at MTI.
"You gotta pick yourself up," she says. "It's been such a positive experience out at MTI. I've grown by leaps and bounds. I'm not too old to start a second life."
'An incredible journey'
Putting the competition team together was easy compared to the six women finding a time to practice that worked for everyone.
"It was a little bit hard because of the schedule, because we'd meet after lunch at 2 p.m.," Lopez says. "So, I'd leave campus and then come back two days a week."
"When we tried to get our practices together," Hancock adds, "sometimes Tawanda would be coming in late, bless her heart, and have to get up early and go to work because she worked the night shift. It was a struggle for each one of us in our own certain way."
Their different life experiences made them a stronger team. "We're constantly feeding off each other," Mosher explains.
Slack agrees. "We bounce ideas back and forth, off each other, of ways to make things run smoothly. Whatever it takes, we want to give it our all."
Some stepped easily into their chapter business roles. "Sandy is the ultimate in organization. She's the perfect secretary," Hancock says. "Teresa's our big research person. If there's a question she's not really quite sure about, she's digging in the library or finding a book and making copies for everyone … so we have tons of information on parliamentary procedure, special orders, you name it."
And, Uffelman laughs, "between Tawanda and Margaret, you never know what's going to happen."
"I thought, 'Where do I fit in so I can be productive and useful?' It wasn't easy, because the first meeting, I didn't speak, because I wasn't sure and I wasn't comfortable," the usually talkative Campbell remembers. "I wanted to be part of the group, and I wanted to have input. I did eventually make a little niche for myself."
As for Lopez, who calls herself the "baby" of the group, the team members saw a big change in her. "She's blossomed," Hancock says. "She gives excellent input. She studies. She has excellent questions."
Because they only started practicing in March, the pressure was on. But on the eve of the June national competition, all found the experience worth their time.
"We've all pulled together, and it's been an incredible journey," Hancock says.
Campbell, who'd just taken her first flight, adds, "It's a great opportunity."
"It looks wonderful on your résumé," Slack points out.
"And we're having fun!" Mosher exclaims.
Their team succeeded with a bronze medal at the SkillsUSA Championships. But these six women gained much more.
"We're not just friends, we're family," Slack explains.
"We all jumped in. We all helped each other. We've all learned from each other," Hancock says. "I think that's been the main thread through all of this. We know we're not alone."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A meeting of State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) under Integrated Watershed Development Programme was held under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary S. Roy.
In the meeting, 21 Detailed Project Reports of watershed development programmes for the districts of Bilaspur, Kangra, Kinnaur, Mandi, Solan and Una granted approval. A sum of Rs. 260 crore would be spent on these projects covering 1,06,596 hectare area. It was also approved to create District Level Project Implementing Agency (PIA) for Kinnaur and Lahaul-Spiti districts which would help in covering left out areas under IWMP in these districts in the coming years.
S. Roy said that the State had made a proposal to the Government of India for sanctioning One lakh hectare area for treatment under IWMP for the year 2012-13. Earlier, in 2008-09 the State Government had sent projects amounting to Rs. 4668 crore for sanction against which the projects worth Rs. 1035.08 crore had been sanctioned covering 690112 hectare area in different districts.
Chief Secretary emphasised on more livelihood generation activities under the projects so that beneficiaries could strengthen their economy besides making the projects more sustainable. He also underlined the need for pre and post evaluation of the projects by using GIS application and also giving broader shape to the watershed development programme. He also appreciated the achievements made under the IWMP project in the State.
SKBS Negi, Principal Secretary, Rural Development, Jagdish Singh, Deputy Inspector General of Forests, Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, K. Balchandran Thampi, Technical Expert (Forestry), NRRA, Government of India, Principal Secretaries and other senior officers of various departments attended the meeting.


"TEACHER MONDAY: CASH FOR CLASSROOMS"
Del Monte Fresh Produce, North America, Inc. announced today that it is launching a program to help support kindergarten thru 12th grade public school teachers across North and Central America with cash to purchase school supplies and fresh fruit in the "Teacher Monday: Cash for Classrooms" campaign. One hundred prizes totaling $1,000 each will be awarded to teachers who get the most votes in the "Teacher Monday: Cash for Classrooms" online contest at www.fruits.com.
"Monday's can be difficult for all of us, but public school teachers face even bigger challenges these days with the largest budget cuts in 30 years expected this academic year," said Dennis Christou, Vice President, Marketing, North America for Del Monte Fresh Produce. "Larger classrooms and far less supplies are putting enormous pressure on our teachers. The "Teacher Monday" program was designed to take some of the burden off teachers, many who pay for school supplies out of their own pockets. It will also provide teachers with tools and incentives to incorporate healthy eating messages into their curriculums, giving us an opportunity to help school children eat and live healthier," Christou added.
To be eligible to win, teachers must register for the "Teacher Monday: Cash for Classrooms" online contest at www.fruits.com. After teachers register their name and school, they can get all their fans -- from parents to students, to friends and family -- to vote for them. Ten winners will be selected each Monday for five consecutive weeks in October/November, 2010, for a total of 50 winning teachers North American teachers. Winners are based solely on the number of votes they receive. Winning teachers will receive $750 in cash to purchase school supplies and $250 in Del Monte fresh fruit coupons for classroom snacks and to use in fruit educational activities.
In an effort to support schools in less developed countries where many Del Monte products are grown, and where classrooms are also experiencing economic disadvantages, the "Teacher Monday: Cash for Classrooms" program will link winning U.S. classrooms with a school in Guatemala or Costa Rica. The 50 selected Central American schools will also receive $1,000 each for school supplies.
"By linking U.S. and Central American schools, we want to help further the education of students by introducing them to another culture. Our hope is that sister schools will communicate with each other about fun physical activities and their favorite fruit dishes," said Christou.
Beginning early Fall, consumers can expect to see "Teacher Monday: Cash for Classrooms" stickers on Del Monte Fresh Produce such as pineapples, bananas, melons, grapes, tomatoes and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, as well as colorful posters and other materials in produce departments.
Finally, each week of promotion, Del Monte will distribute $25 gift certificate booklets for Del Monte Fresh Produce to consumers in major markets across the U.S. and Canada. Consumers will be notified about the giveaways via Twitter, Facebook, and radio promotions.
Follow @DelMonteFresh on Twitter, then come back here and leave me your Twitter user ID.
After you do these required entries, you can tweet every hour for unlimited entries. Please be sure to leave me your tweet link URL.
I will choose the winners tomorrow evening, so I will end this contest at 5 pm EST tomorrow, November 15th. Comments will be approved as soon as possible as humanly allowed.
Giveaway rules: Winners must be residents of US or Canada aged 18 or over. Winners will be contacted via email so please be sure to leave your email address.
Disclaimer: I am sharing this contest on my own accord, for the benefit of my readers. I was sent two coupon booklets to give away. I was not compensated in any manner for sharing this giveaway with my readers.
Following Del Monte on Twitter!


Your body is constantly using energy. Your body uses energy to perform the most basic tasks, like breathing, circulating blood or your basic brain functions. All of these uses of energy are what we consider as your body's resting metabolism. Knowing your individual RMR (Resting Metabolic Rate) is essential to finding out how many calories you should be eating on a day to day basis. Knowing how much you should be eating daily to maintain your ideal weight is important to determine how much you should be eating to lose weight.
Digestion (thermic effect of food).
Calories burned via non-exercise activity.
The first thing to do is to figure out your LBM (Lean Body Mass). Take your overall body weight and subtract your body fat from that number. To obtain your body fat, I recommend using calipers as shown in this video here.
Why do we need to measure body fat?
Your muscle require more energy than body fat to work correctly. Although two women may weigh the same exact scale number, their body composition may be completely different resulting in two very different RMRs.
Now that you know your estimated body fat percentage, let's take that number and figure out your LBM (Lean Body Mass) so we can plug it into the Katch Mcardle formula (which helps to calculate your BMR; basal metabolic rate).
Let's say hypothetically these are your numbers, This would mean your LBM is 100lbs. Now we can plug this number into the Katch Mcardle formula.
Now, depending on your activity level, the final number to multiply your BMR with varies depending on how active you are. The variation can be anywhere from 1.25-1.9.
For most of my clients who have office jobs and are stay at home moms, I use 1.3-1.5 but consider your own daily energy expenditure.
1352 x 1.3 = 1757 is the number of calories you need to maintain on a daily basis.
From here, you would just need to subtract anywhere from 300-500 calories from your RMR.
Keep in mind, with all these measurements and calculations, nothing is exact. We are talking about an estimate of calorie maintenance, but as long as we are close to your individual estimates, we will get you to see some kind of results. At the very least, no matter who you are and what your goals are, making sure you are hitting your individual RMR will ensure your body and mind are functioning at its most optimal level.
Looking to calculate your LBM and RMR?


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Broadband Communities
Sean Buckley is the Associate Editor of Broadband Communities. Buckley comes to the magazine publishing and conference company after serving nine years as Senior Editor at FierceTelecom, a daily online newletter. He also oversaw FierceInstaller, a weekly publication chronicling trends in network installation.
Prior to coming to FierceTelecom, Sean spent eight years at Horizon House publications, serving as senior editor and later as Editor in Chief of Telecommunications Magazine and Telecom Engine. He also had a one-year stint at Current Analysis tracking public sector IT trends.
Sean got his start in the telecom industry in 1998 when he joined Information Gatekeepers, tracking enterprise and optical networking trends. He holds a B.A. in English from University of Massachusetts, Boston.
When he is not writing about telecom, Sean enjoys listening to music, spinning and strength training at his local gym. He lives in Dracut, Mass with his wife and two sons.


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China's work-related injury rehabilitation centres lie empty
There are well over a million work-related injuries in China every year, yet many of the government's newly established rehabilitation centres lie empty because poorly-paid migrant workers, who are the main victims of accidents, are either unaware of their existence or simply cannot get in.
The China Daily reported today that a rehabilitation centre in the northeastern province of Liaoning had not received a single patient since it opened in December. "Without clear financial grounds, we can't receive workers," a centre official told the newspaper.
In order to get treatment at a work-related injury rehabilitation centre (工伤康复中心), workers need to have work-related injury insurance. However the vast majority of migrant workers do not have insurance; even official government figures put the coverage rate at just 24 percent.
And without insurance, workers will have to rely on their employer to cover the cost rehabilitation. However, if an employer is unwilling to provide insurance for their workers, they will be even more unlikely to pay for rehabilitation, particularly if the worker concerned does not have a formal employment contract.
Many workers fear that if they press the boss to pay for their rehabilitation treatment, it could jeopardize their chances of getting additional compensation. As Tang Dan, president of the Guangdong Work-related Injury Rehabilitation Centre told the China Daily, because compensation is based on the severity of the injury, many workers "are afraid they will get less if they recover too well."
And if even if workers do have insurance, it is unlikely that they would be aware of the rehabilitation option. A survey by the renowned Zhicheng Legal Support Centre for Migrant Workers in Beijing of 73 manual workers, who suffered minor injuries that could have benefited from rehabilitation, showed that not one of them had sought help from a rehabilitation centre because none of the workers even knew of their existence.
Even the deputy director of the Ministry of Human Resources' work-related injury department, Lu Shihai, admitted that the government was deliberately not promoting the centres' services. "We're only at an experimental stage and resources are very limited," he told China Daily, "It's a bad idea to advertise something when you can't provide for all the injured workers in need."
The new network of work-related injury rehabilitation centres is just another example of how out of touch with reality the government is. As CLB showed in a detailed research report last year, nearly all government legislation and directives on work-related injury compensation are based on an idealized employer-employee relationship where there is a written employment contract and work-related injury insurance coverage. Without the above, employers have the ability to avoid paying anything apart from basic medical costs for months and years on end.
At present, the rehabilitation centres will only really benefit professional or skilled workers in long-term employment. The migrant workers who need the facilities the most will remain out in the cold.
Work Accident
Precarious Work
Excessive Work
An introduction to China's work-related injury compensation system
A 12-year struggle to obtain work-related injury compensation
Officials refuse to sanction work-related injury case because victim did not die
The need for workers to have a choice in work-related injury compensation payments
China's basic work-related death compensation award to nearly double to 340,000 yuan
How China outsourced work-related accidents and deaths
On criminalizing non-payment of wages, China's empty work-related injury rehabilitation centres, and more...
Disposing of the evidence: How government officials make work-related accidents go away
CLB launches new map to monitor work-related accidents and deaths in China
Wall Street Journal: China Injury Case: Key to Global Balance?


Well, I'm going to give Amazon a little tough love here. I do use Amazon Affiliate links here and at Readable Blog, but if you're an EFL teacher who is interested in the Kindle 2, Amazon's brand new e-book reader, watch out.
The Kindle 2 is a very appealing piece of technology for overseas English teachers. It's thin and lightweight and can hold a ton of books, so you can keep up on your English-language reading during your commute on Taipei's MRT or wherever. And just think of all the space you'll save in your luggage, and all the postage you'll save mailing books to yourself! (Even in the US, I struggle with how many books to pack in my carry-on, because I finish them quickly and they take up a lot of space.) For that matter, at the prices English-language novels sell for in many countries, the high price of the Kindle 2 may start to seem worth it.
I got to play with the one my friend just bought in anticipation of her new teaching job in Asia, and it's rather nice. I wasn't interested before, but I found myself wanting one after I tried it. The "electronic ink" makes reading feel different from an old-fashioned monitor or a laptop screen. It's more comfortable, although you'll have to use a booklight at night. One of my initial objections to the Kindle was that I could already download countless works of classic literature that are out of copyright for free through Project Gutenberg. As it turns out, a lot of these have been formatted for the Kindle and can be downloaded free through Amazon, and I had to admit that I would prefer to read them on a Kindle screen than on my MacBook Pro's screen.
However, there's a big problem with the Kindle 2 that I haven't seen getting much or any press.
What's the catch? Well, it's a pretty big catch: The USB connection appears to be faulty on many Kindle 2s. Do not buy the Kindle 2 unless you have enough time to experiment before you go overseas, because one of the Kindle 2's biggest selling points (wireless downloads) does not work overseas, and the backup method (USB) seems to be horribly glitchy. Amazon provides free wireless access to these Kindles (including a kind of rudimentary websurfing) that lets you shop Amazon and download Kindle titles quickly, which is the preferred and primary way to buy books. This access is through Amazon's own network, "Whispernet," not through your house's wifi, etc. The backup method is to shop online with your computer and then transfer items by USB cable, which is also how the Kindle 2 charges. Whispernet is only available in the USA. If Whispernet is down, or if you're not in the United States, you must use USB. As far as I understand it, there's no other way to download items, transfer files, or retrieve your previously purchased items if the Kindle 2 crashes.
Unfortunately, many laptops don't seem to recognize the Kindle 2 via USB. Despite a ton of theories on Amazon's discussion boards, no one seems to have figured out why. For every plausible theory, there's a disproof of the theory. My friend returned her original Kindle 2, received the first day they were available, and got a replacement, which worked on one computer but not another. She's keeping it because it works just well enough and she's still really excited about having 150 books in something the size of a memo pad. Still, it shows that you shouldn't buy this unless you have time to establish that it works on your computer and aren't going to change computers any time in the future. Best case scenario, of course, this is something they can fix via a firmware update. In that case I'll try to post about it again, because I think the Kindle 2 (despite its high price) is going to be an excellent solution for some EFL professionals. Remember, if you do get one, you have to maintain a US-based credit card to buy things from Amazon.com. I hope they open this up eventually; the national restrictions are really irritating. In the meantime, check out Sony's E-Reader, which I've heard is less restricted. I haven't tried one myself so I can't write about it.


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Addiction Resource » Drugs » Heroin
Heroin Addiction: Signs, Symptoms and Treatment Methods
Heroin is an illegal substance classified as a schedule I by the DEA due to the very high risk of addiction. People who abuse this substance quickly become physically and psychologically dependent on it.
Considering the relatively high number of substance abusers that come into contact with/become hooked on the drug in the United States, this text seeks to provide an in-depth look into the country's abuse phenomenon.
Heroin addiction statistics, various forms of the substance, street names, physical characteristics, signs, and symptoms of abuse, and addiction treatment methods are discussed in detail in this article. The text also answers why the substance is so addictive and how one can help if a loved one is believed to be an addict.
What Is Heroin?
This is an illegal schedule I opium derivative that has a high potential for addiction. It is used illicitly for the intense euphoric effect it produces. In terms of drug type, its classification is an opioid that is synthesized from morphine. Morphine is a natural substance found in the poppy plant.
There are Many Forms of the Drug Sold by Street Dealers, Named Under Different Aliases Such as:
Black Tar
Brown Crystal
Mexican Mud
Heroin Drug Class and Schedule
The substance was classified as Schedule I under the Controlled Substance Act in 1970. Schedule I drugs have a high potential for abuse, they lack accepted safety for use, even under medical supervision. Hence they are not permitted as a form of treatment in the US.
This drug is banned for production, importation, and possession.
Is Heroin A Narcotic?
Narcotic drugs relieve pain, and this is one of them. They reduce the level of pain signals reaching the brain, affecting emotion and sensations.
Is Heroin an Opiate?
Heroin is a semi-synthetic opiate-like Fentanyl. Both are considered to be one of the most dangerous recreational drugs worldwide. Opiates have been in existence for thousands of years now and were derived from poppy plants, widely cultivated in Asia.
Is Heroin an Opioid?
The terms opioid and opiate can be used interchangeably. There is not much difference between the two except that opiates are only naturally derived. Opioid heroin acts on similar receptors in the brain as that with opiates, causing a euphoric feeling. Opioids are quickly metabolized in less than an hour and removed from the body, although some byproducts may persist for three days. The amount used, the method of use and individual metabolism determines how long it stays in a person's body. The risks for psychological disease and physical dependence are also very high.
Is Heroin A Depressant or Stimulant?
It is a depressant. Similar to other opiates, it slows down the central nervous system and may cause respiratory depression.
What Does Heroin Look Like?
The appearance of heroin in its various forms depends on each type, but what does the substance look like in these forms? For starters, the different types are categorized mainly on purity levels, and they are as follows:
Fine white powder
Brown or black powder
Details about the differences between the various types are as follows:
Black Tar Heroin
The purest form A less pure variant mixed with additives The cheapest, least pure variants and the most common type
White in color Brown or Black in color Black in color
Comes in a powdered form Comes in a powdered form, albeit with a different color resulting from the introduction of additives. Comes in a sticky, gel form
Usually injected or snorted Usually smoked Usually dissolved into liquid and injected
History of Heroin Use
The history of heroin actually dates back to the ancient Mesopotamian civilization when opium cultivation first began. In the early 19th century, morphine and codeine were isolated from opium. Towards the end of the 19th century, an English chemist synthesized this substance as an alternative to morphine.
Where does Heroin Come from?
The plant grows in different parts of the world, including South East Asia, Mexico, and South America. History shows that the drug became commercially available from the Bayer Pharmaceutical company in 1898. It was originally presented as a non-addictive cure for morphine addiction and cough-inducing illnesses. It was officially approved for general use as a replacement for morphine by the American Medical Association in 1906.
This approval proved to be the catalyst for the outburst of heroin addiction in the country. At the time, there were over 200,000 heroin addicts in New York City alone. In an attempt to curtail the spread of this addiction, the Harrison Narcotics Act was passed in 1914. The act made it illegal to use, own, or be addicted to illegally obtained drugs.
However, the high addiction potential side effects of heroin are unavoidable, and the increase in the number of addicts led to an increase in the crime rate. In 1924, the deputy commissioner of the New York Police reported that heroin addicts were involved in 94% of all the crimes perpetrated in the state. This led to the complete ban on the substance for both medical and illicit use, and it is classified as an illegal substance to this day.
People Who have Developed an Addiction Ingest the Drug in Three Ways:
Sniffing/snorting: this method of administration is very invasive and can cause major damage to the nose and surrounding areas. Conditions such as a constantly runny nose, collapsed nasal passages, chronic nosebleeds, and saddleback nose are commonly associated with snorting heroin.
Smoking: just as is the case with smoking other substances, smoking heroin also comes with many dangers, some of which are pulmonary lung infections, shortness of breath, and severe asthma attacks.
Shooting/injecting: intravenous administration can cause collapsed veins, scarring, clogged vessels, cellular infection/death in some organs, and tissue death.
Regardless of the method of administration, abuse of this substance can lead to overdose and death.
How Do People Become Addicted to Heroin?
The first patient treated for the addiction was admitted in 1910 in the New York Bellevue Hospital, and the number of adult users has continued to grow ever since.
Opiates have a high risk of addiction, and physical and psychological dependence can develop after using these substances only one or two times. How quickly addiction develops depends on the amount used, the method of administration, and the individual user. In the body, the drug is quickly metabolized into morphine and attaches to opioid receptors in the brain. It also causes the release of large amounts of dopamine, a feel-good neurotransmitter. It reinforces pleasure and pain pathways to produce feelings of happiness and no pain.
It is a highly addictive substance because of the intense feelings of euphoria it produces. It is more potent than morphine and is quickly habit-forming because the effects are almost instantaneous. Users rapidly develop tolerance, needing greater and/or more frequent use to get the same effect. Full-blown abuse and addiction follow shortly thereafter. In pregnant women, the use of illegal opiates may lead to a baby born an addict.
Illegal opioids, sold on the streets, have destroyed many lives. So, why do people use heroin despite the various adverse effects? People generally develop an opioid use disorder because of the rush of intense feelings of euphoria the drug produces. The drug also has a lot in common with prescription opioids in that it produces analgesia (pain relief) and sedation.
However, many of these positive feelings quickly turn into a desperate addiction. The risk of this addiction is also increased in cases where the drug dealers potentiate heroin to make it even more addictive. They do this because the more addictive the substance is, the more sales the dealers can make. Without the drug, addicts experience a heroin withdrawal with uncomfortable symptoms, driving them to continued abuse and addiction.
Heroin Addiction Statistics
The statistics for all over the country are a significant cause for worry. The numbers are constantly rising despite the best efforts of the government and healthcare organizations to curb the habit and help existing addicts on the path to recovery. The following numbers are indicative of the seriousness of the situation and the need for more drastic measures to be put in place to halt the phenomenon.
According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), about 948,000 Americans reported using heroin in 2016. The number of first-time users was also at an all-time high, with 170,000 people starting to use it in 2016, which is almost twice as much as a decade earlier in 2006 (90,000).
In 2018, up to 15,000 people died from heroin-related overdoses. Although this was a 4.1% decrease from the numbers in the previous, it is still a high figure as it represents 5 deaths for every 100,000 Americans. One gets more context when the stats from 1999 are pulled up. There were 1,960 heroin-related overdose deaths in that year. That number seems relatively modest when compared to the numbers in recent times, which is seriously alarming.
Stats From Around The World
The numbers around the world are not much better, either. They are still a cause for alarm and are as follows:
In 2008 it was estimated that 13.5 million people used opium-derived substances worldwide. This includes 9.2 million users of heroin.
In 2013, 16.4 million people used opiates, according to estimations.
The worldwide illicit cultivation area for opium counted 296,720 hectares in 2013.
560 tons of opioid substances were produced in 2013.
Currently, Afghanistan handles 80% of the world's supply, with 209,000 hectares used for opium cultivation.
The next largest illicit opium farming areas include 3,900 ha in Laos, 57,800 ha in Myanmar, and 265 ha in Thailand.
Mexico is the leading opium producer in the Americas with 12,000 ha of cultivation area.
Despite producing 30 times less opium than Mexico, Columbia is the primary supplier of the substance to the United States.
US Heroin Epidemic Statistics
Heroin has been the most commonly used illegal opioid for decades. Over the last few years, the opioid supply in the United States has soared. The drug can now be obtained for three times less than what it was worth in the early 1990s.
Hundreds of people die from overdoses in the US every week, and experts predict this number will continue to rise.
The epidemic has reached such a scale that it is becoming a drag on the US economy and a national security risk apart from the risks it poses to public health. In recent years, the U.S. government has increased efforts to cut both the foreign and domestic supply of heroin while providing counter-narcotics assistance to countries like China and Mexico. Federal and state officials have tried to reduce demand by focusing more on treating drug users and less on punishing them.
Below is a List of Cities with the Biggest Problems:
The "heroin capital" of the US is Baltimore – 10% of its residents are addicted to the drug. This is the highest addiction rate in the country. The government has designated this city as a High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area, and local police are able to receive special assistance from the federal government as a result.
Dayton is the epicenter of the Ohio heroin epidemic. It has one of the biggest increases in abuse of this drug and ranks as the number one city for overdoses nationwide. Deaths from overdose rose by 60% from 2016 to 2017, from 349 in 2016 to 559 in 2017.
Louisville, Kentucky's biggest city, had 695 overdoses a month in 2017, peaking at 43 overdoses a day on February 9 of last year.
There were 50 overdoses on November 17, 2016, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They were accounted for by a "bad H batch." In 2016, this city had the second-highest number of overdose deaths of all cities with over 1 million residents. Huntington, West Virginia rounds out the top five. One can see the rate of use by state here.
Drug overdose deaths are rising, and opioid addiction is an escalating public health crisis.
According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) in 2016, almost 950,000 Americans reported using different types of drugs. But the consequences of opioid addiction extend beyond the individual addict. In the United States, the estimated total cost of heroin use disorder is estimated to be more than $50 billion per year.
Here are Some of the Effects this Epidemic has had on Society:
Spread of hepatitis and HIV/AIDS due to shared needles among intravenous users
Effects on the fetus and newborn baby in pregnant users
Impact on the law enforcement system (crime control costs, incarceration costs)
Disruption of families (divorce, domestic abuse, child abuse, neglect)
Socio-Economic impact (school dropouts, unemployment, lost productivity at work)
Impact on the healthcare system (treatment cost at emergency rooms, rehab clinics, hospitals)
Impact on social services (abuse shelters, social welfare)
Use of Other Drugs Among Heroin Addicts
Over 90% of consumers of this drug also abuse one or more other substances. For example, 5 of every 1000 people who consumed it took cocaine as well. This fact can cause a number of complications, including a heroin withdrawal timeline that is more difficult to predict and manage. In 2014, almost 2 million people abused a prescribed opiate medication, whereas over 500,000 were heroin addicts.
Data shows that nearly one-fourth of smack users also develop addictions to opioid medications.
In 2012, 259 million single prescriptions were given for opioid pain relievers. That is enough to distribute a prescription to 75% of the U.S. population.
According to estimations, four out of five new Big H consumers started with opioid prescription pain relievers.
45% of the general H-using population was already addicted to prescription opioid pain relievers.
A 2014 survey of people in addiction treatment confirmed that trend. 94% of the respondents said they switched to Big H because it was easier and cheaper to obtain.
96% of users reported in 2014 to use at least one different drug the past year.
61% of these people used at least three drugs.
The percentage of H users addicted to opioid painkillers increased from 20.7% from 2002-2004 to 45.2% in the period between 2011 and 2013.
Addiction Risk Groups For Heroin
Anyone that is exposed to this substance and consumes the drug in any context is technically at risk of addiction due to its very high addiction potential. However, there are groups of people that are significantly more at risk than anyone else as a result of certain factors that apply to these people. So, who is at high risk of developing the addiction?
People with an addiction to prescription pain pills. Research suggests that people that misuse prescription pills have a strong tendency to turn to heroin because it is cheaper and easier to obtain illegally.
People with a family history of addiction
People with mental health issues such as depression or anxiety
Young adults aged 18-25. According to a study, the percentage of people in this age group seeking treatment for heroin abuse rose from 11% of total hospital admissions in 2008 to 26% in the first six months of 2012.
People with exposure to high-risk environments or other people living with addicted parson. These people are more likely to become addicted than people that have no form of exposure to the substance.
Those that are addicted to other substances such as cocaine, marijuana, and alcohol.
Heroin Addiction in Men vs. Women
In 2002, the abuse rate was 2.4 per thousand for men and 0.8 per thousand for women in 2002-2004. In 2013 these numbers increased to 3.6 per 1,000 for men and 1.6 per 1,000 for women. That constitutes a 50% increase for men and a 100% for females during that decade. Between 2010 and 2013, heroin deaths tripled. For every 100,000 overdoses, two women died in 2013. However, these statistics show that heroin abuse is more prevalent in men than in women.
Physical Signs of Heroin Addiction
Identifying abuse of the drug in a friend or loved one is the crucial first step toward finding the right treatment before it becomes too late. On that note, there are various signs that one needs to be wary of when suspicious about heroin abuse with a friend/loved one.
Some Telltale Physical Signs are:
Unnatural mood changes
Constricted pupils
Constant sleepiness
Loss of appetite. Eating without chewing and vomiting straight after.
Visible heroin tracks on the arms. This applies especially when the drug is administered intravenously.
Slow-to-heal sores and abscesses on the skin.
Flushed skin
Change in Social Behavior
Signs of abuse are not limited to physical changes alone. Changes in social behavior can often be representative of the condition of addiction that the individual is struggling with. On that note, one needs to watch out for these too.
Some Social Behavior Changes to Look Out for Include:
A conscious effort to hide parts of the body that are usually exposed, such as the arms. The person may suddenly begin to wear long-sleeved clothes to conceal heroin tracks on the arms.
Poor hygiene and a general disinterest in taking care of the body.
Old friends are replaced with new ones that are very different from the regular social group of the individual. Friends are usually the first people to notice things about each other, so one may ask those old friends about the concerns.
Lying about activities to cover tracks, and sometimes stealing money to keep up with the needs of purchasing the drug. Without being aggressive, ask the individual politely whether they are under the influence. Any conflicting, disoriented answers could be a clue.
Sudden lack of interest in work, studies, or any other activity is another strong sign of potential drug abuse.
Heroin Paraphernalia – The Red Flag of Abuse
After successfully identifying the signs and symptoms, the next step is to look for paraphernalia commonly owned by heroin users. These would be the day-to-day items a user keeps for administering the drug and cleaning up. This would help to provide stronger proof of the existence of heroin addiction, as physical/social signs may not be enough in some cases.
Such Paraphernalia Includes:
Injection: This delivers the most immediate effect of the drug. Once the drug is injected, it enters the bloodstream and travels right to the brain. In about five minutes following the injection, physical symptoms start manifesting. That said, the substance stays in urine much longer, and getting rid of it may require detox treatment.
The following paraphernalia is among the strongest signs of drug intake and will help identify whether the user injects the drug or not.
Needles – These are used for injecting the liquefied drug right into a muscle or vein.
Cotton Balls – This is for straining the liquid drug and pulling out unmelted chunks of impurities.
Bottle caps and spoon– These come in handy to help in both cooking the drug as well as liquifying the powdered form for injection.
Candle or Lighter – This never misses out in the kit. It is the source of heat for melting the drug.
Tie-off– This can be a piece of rubber or shoelace used to tie off the arm or any other limb so as to have a skin popping effect.
Smoking: This is one of the most popular ways of introducing the drug into the body system. Users typically have a collection of items for smoking sessions.
Aluminum foil – The foil contains the drug while the user is smoking
Straw – This is for inhaling the smoke and steam as it comes off the aluminum foil
Pipe – This is an asset for a possible heroin smoker.
Users may also roll the drug into a cigarette. In addition to the physical signs and symptoms, be on the lookout for rolling papers as evidence that this is happening. All ways of taking the drug can lead to serious organ damage and addiction.
Addiction Treatment Options
There are different approaches to heroin addiction treatment, and sometimes, these approaches need to be combined for the best results. For instance, there are situations where behavioral and pharmacological treatments are executed hand in hand for the most effective treatment of addiction. These two options are the most common approaches to treatment. Together, they are most effective because while medication can help to curb the addiction physiologically, behavioral therapy will go a step further by conditioning the user to desist from going back to the habit and helping them to live normally in society.
Medicines For Treatment
Anti-heroin drugs that are used in treating drug addiction include opioid medications to replace heroin and prevent dependence and drugs that help control the withdrawal symptoms.
Opioid analgesics are prescribed in the treatment of such addictions for two purposes – replacement therapy and detoxification.
Replacement therapy involves replacing the oral drug with an injectable opioid, which does not produce the harmful effects of the drug. In the process of detoxification, the replacement opioid is administered and slowly withdrawn as tolerated by the individual.
Medications used for opioid replacement treatment include methadone, naloxone, naltrexone, and buprenorphine. Medications used to control symptoms of withdrawal include clonidine and lofexidine.
Methadone is a commonly used heroin addiction treatment. It acts by binding to certain opioid receptors in the central nervous system, producing the desired effects and preventing the undesired effects, such as toxicity and dependence.
Naloxone/Naltrexone
Naloxone and naltrexone are heroin drugs administered to reverse the toxic effects of the opioid. They do this by competing for the same receptor sites as opioids, therefore, displacing the drug and reversing symptoms of intoxication. Naloxone is available in an intranasal form and as an injectable and autoinjector. The autoinjector can be used at home by a caregiver or family member taught how to administer it. The intranasal form is sprayed into the nostrils and only used in emergency cases of an opioid overdose. Naltrexone is useful for preventing relapse to dependence after detoxification.
The long-acting naltrexone (Vivitrol) is a great treatment for those who do not wish to take oral naltrexone every day. Vivitrol is an intramuscular injection that is administered once a month in an outpatient setting by either an MD (Medical Doctor) or APRN (Advanced Practice Registered Nurse).
Buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist and strong anti-heroin drug, is used both to detoxify the abusers and to block withdrawal symptoms. It is available in sublingual forms, subcutaneous injectable, transmucosal buprenorphine-containing products, and as a subdermal implant.
The sublingual forms are administered below the tongue and used for the initial detoxification phase, while the implants are used for the maintenance phase. A combination of buprenorphine and naloxone (Suboxone) can also be used. Suboxone treatment is used for maintenance treatment in persons who have had the sublingual dose of buprenorphine for induction.
The subdermal implants are inserted in the upper part of the arm and provide continuous release of buprenorphine for about six months.
The injectable form is administered subcutaneously (beneath the outer skin layer) only and should be administered only in a clinic because an inadvertent administration through the veins may cause death.
Other medications that can be useful include the alpha agonists, such as clonidine and lofexidine. These drugs act by blocking the release of norepinephrine in the nerve endings, therefore, preventing sympathetic effects such as increased heart and respiratory rate and sweating, which are typical of opioid withdrawal.
Clonidine and lofexidine are administered for short-term reduction of opioid withdrawal symptoms, promoting quick recovery.
Some of these treatments are also useful for babies born addicted to heroin.
Psychotherapy As An Addiction Treatment Option
Behavioral therapies are useful in combination with opioid replacement therapy for treating the addiction. They are useful in people who have developed long-term effects of heroin use. Some of these therapies include:
Cognitive behavior therapy – This focuses on the individual's behavior and thoughts and how these affect and can be used to improve the addiction. It teaches the individual skills to resist opioid abuse, as well as coping skills to reduce the abuse effects.
Dynamic psychotherapy – this form of treatment is based on the principle that substance abuse and other psychological disorders develop from unresolved psychological conflicts. This therapy helps the individual become aware of these intrapsychic conflicts and equip them with adaptive and coping skills to address these issues.
Aversion psychotherapy – This involves pairing certain aversive stimuli for substance abuse with appropriate cognitive images and comparing them with other pleasurable images such as a happy family, a good job, or achieving an academic feat.
Group psychotherapy – One benefit of group therapy is that it eliminates the stigma associated with addiction. When individuals with opioid addiction meet with other group members with similar experiences who share their addiction treatment journeys and progress, it provides emotional and psychological support for other addicts.
Dangers of Heroin Addiction Treatment at Home
Home treatment for heroin addiction is generally unsafe and carries enormous risks. First is the fact that an individual who has become dependent on opioids may develop serious withdrawal symptoms, some of which may be fatal if self-detoxification is attempted.
The withdrawal symptoms usually develop within 12 hours of discontinuing the drug in a heroin addict who has developed dependence. In the absence of medically-supervised assisted treatment, these symptoms, including convulsion, vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety, may lead to severe complications, including dehydration and kidney injury, which could lead to death.
Additionally, with the strong craving associated with opioid addiction, an individual attempting heroin detox at home may end up resuming its intake to diminish the withdrawal symptoms, and this may increase the potential for heavy consumption, overdose, and toxicity.
It is advised, therefore, to visit rehabilitation centers for treatment and medically supervised detoxification from opioid addiction.
Helping People with Opiate Addiction
Addiction to illegal opioids does not mean that life has to slip away. There are a number of options for heroin addiction help. Medicines are available for use during drug addiction treatment to make the withdrawal process easier and safer. Medication-assisted treatment and behavioral therapies are effective in preventing heroin relapse. The important thing is to match the needs of the individuals to the programs offered at a reputed rehabilitation facility.
The University of Arizona. Origin and History of Heroin. https://methoide.fcm.arizona.edu/infocenter/index.cfm?stid=174
National Institute on Drug Abuse: What is the scope of heroin use in the United States? 2020.
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/scope-heroin-use-in-united-states
Ruixuan Jiang, Inyoung Lee, Todd A. Lee, and A. Simon Pickard. The societal cost of heroin use disorder in the United States. 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5448739/
The United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Drug Scheduling. https://www.dea.gov/drug-scheduling
Narconon. Heroin History: 1900s. https://www.narconon.org/drug-information/heroin-history-1900s.html
Book: Medicine in the Old West: A History, 1850-1900. Jeremy Agnew, McFarland & Company, Jefferson, North Carolina, 2010.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. How is heroin linked to prescription drug misuse? 2020 https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/how-heroin-linked-to-prescription-drug-misuse
Yang, Carter M. "Part I: Baltimore Is the U.S. Heroin Capital." ABC News, ABC News Network.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Prescription opioid use is a risk factor for heroin use. 2015. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/prescription-opioids-heroin/prescription-opioid-use-risk-factor-heroin-use
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Heroin Drug Facts. 2019. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/heroin
The United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Heroin. https://www.dea.gov/factsheets/heroin
Hosztafi S. A. heroin története [The history of heroin]. Acta Pharm Hung. 2001 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11862675/
National Institute on Drug Abuse. What is heroin and how is it used? 2020. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-heroin
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Overdose Death Rates. 2020. https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates
Published on: October 1st, 2015
Learn More About Heroin Addiction
Side Effects of Heroin
How Long Heroin Stays In System
Heroin Withdrawal And Detox
Heroin Overdose
Drug Class And DEA Schedule
History and Uses
Why is It so Addictive?
Statistics and Numbers
Addiction Signs
Detox and Addiction Treatment
Medications used in the Treatment Process
Risks of Home Treatment
How to Help an Addict?


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text:
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "common.h"
#include "normal.h"
#include "random.h"
#include "thread.h"
#include "timer.h"
#include "tm.h"
#include "util.h"

double global_time = 0.0;

typedef struct args {
    float** feature;
    int     nfeatures;
    int     npoints;
    int     nclusters;
    int*    membership;
    float** clusters;
    int**   new_centers_len;
    float** new_centers;
} args_t;

float global_delta;
long global_i; /* index into task queue */

#define CHUNK 3

/* =============================================================================
 * work
 * =============================================================================
 */
static void
work (void* argPtr)
{
    TM_THREAD_ENTER();

    args_t* args = (args_t*)argPtr;
    float** feature         = args->feature;
    int     nfeatures       = args->nfeatures;
    int     npoints         = args->npoints;
    int     nclusters       = args->nclusters;
    int*    membership      = args->membership;
    float** clusters        = args->clusters;
    int**   new_centers_len = args->new_centers_len;
    float** new_centers     = args->new_centers;
    float delta = 0.0;
    int index;
    int i;
    int j;
    int start;
    int stop;
    int myId;

    myId = thread_getId();

    start = myId * CHUNK;

    while (start < npoints) {
        stop = (((start + CHUNK) < npoints) ? (start + CHUNK) : npoints);
        for (i = start; i < stop; i++) {

            index = common_findNearestPoint(feature[i],
                                            nfeatures,
                                            clusters,
                                            nclusters);
            /*
             * If membership changes, increase delta by 1.
             * membership[i] cannot be changed by other threads
             */
            if (membership[i] != index) {
                delta += 1.0;
            }

            /* Assign the membership to object i */
            /* membership[i] can't be changed by other thread */
            membership[i] = index;

            /* Update new cluster centers : sum of objects located within */
            TM_BEGIN();
            TM_SHARED_WRITE_I(*new_centers_len[index],
                            TM_SHARED_READ_I(*new_centers_len[index]) + 1);
            for (j = 0; j < nfeatures; j++) {
                TM_SHARED_WRITE_F(
                    new_centers[index][j],
                    (TM_SHARED_READ_F(new_centers[index][j]) + feature[i][j])
                );
            }
            TM_END();
        }

        /* Update task queue */
        if (start + CHUNK < npoints) {
            TM_BEGIN();
            start = (int)TM_SHARED_READ_L(global_i);
            TM_SHARED_WRITE_L(global_i, (long)(start + CHUNK));
            TM_END();
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }

    TM_BEGIN();
    TM_SHARED_WRITE_F(global_delta, TM_SHARED_READ_F(global_delta) + delta);
    TM_END();

    TM_THREAD_EXIT();
}

/* =============================================================================
 * normal_exec
 * =============================================================================
 */
float**
normal_exec (int       nthreads,
             float**   feature,    /* in: [npoints][nfeatures] */
             int       nfeatures,
             int       npoints,
             int       nclusters,
             float     threshold,
             int*      membership,
             random_t* randomPtr) /* out: [npoints] */
{
    int i;
    int j;
    int loop = 0;
    int** new_centers_len; /* [nclusters]: no. of points in each cluster */
    float delta;
    float** clusters;      /* out: [nclusters][nfeatures] */
    float** new_centers;   /* [nclusters][nfeatures] */
    void* alloc_memory = NULL;
    args_t args;
    TIMER_T start;
    TIMER_T stop;

    /* Allocate space for returning variable clusters[] */
    clusters = (float**)SEQ_MALLOC(nclusters * sizeof(float*));
    assert(clusters);
    clusters[0] = (float*)SEQ_MALLOC(nclusters * nfeatures * sizeof(float));
    assert(clusters[0]);
    for (i = 1; i < nclusters; i++) {
        clusters[i] = clusters[i-1] + nfeatures;
    }

    /* Randomly pick cluster centers */
    for (i = 0; i < nclusters; i++) {
        int n = (int)(random_generate(randomPtr) % npoints);
        for (j = 0; j < nfeatures; j++) {
            clusters[i][j] = feature[n][j];
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < npoints; i++) {
        membership[i] = -1;
    }

    /*
     * Need to initialize new_centers_len and new_centers[0] to all 0.
     * Allocate clusters on different cache lines to reduce false sharing.
     */
    {
        int cluster_size = sizeof(int) + sizeof(float) * nfeatures;
        const int cacheLineSize = 32;
        cluster_size += (cacheLineSize-1) - ((cluster_size-1) % cacheLineSize);
        alloc_memory = calloc(nclusters, cluster_size);
        new_centers_len = (int**) SEQ_MALLOC(nclusters * sizeof(int*));
        new_centers = (float**) SEQ_MALLOC(nclusters * sizeof(float*));
        assert(alloc_memory && new_centers && new_centers_len);
        for (i = 0; i < nclusters; i++) {
            new_centers_len[i] = (int*)((char*)alloc_memory + cluster_size * i);
            new_centers[i] = (float*)((char*)alloc_memory + cluster_size * i + sizeof(int));
        }
    }

    // NB: Since ASF/PTLSim "REAL" is native execution, and since we are using
    //     wallclock time, we want to be sure we read time inside the
    //     simulator, or else we report native cycles spent on the benchmark
    //     instead of simulator cycles.
    GOTO_SIM();
    TIMER_READ(start);

    do {
        delta = 0.0;

        args.feature         = feature;
        args.nfeatures       = nfeatures;
        args.npoints         = npoints;
        args.nclusters       = nclusters;
        args.membership      = membership;
        args.clusters        = clusters;
        args.new_centers_len = new_centers_len;
        args.new_centers     = new_centers;

        global_i = nthreads * CHUNK;
        global_delta = delta;

#ifdef OTM
#pragma omp parallel
        {
            work(&args);
        }
#else
        thread_start(work, &args);
#endif

        delta = global_delta;

        /* Replace old cluster centers with new_centers */
        for (i = 0; i < nclusters; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < nfeatures; j++) {
                if (new_centers_len[i] > 0) {
                    clusters[i][j] = new_centers[i][j] / *new_centers_len[i];
                }
                new_centers[i][j] = 0.0;   /* set back to 0 */
            }
            *new_centers_len[i] = 0;   /* set back to 0 */
        }

        delta /= npoints;

    } while ((delta > threshold) && (loop++ < 500));

    TIMER_READ(stop);
    // NB: As above, timer reads must be done inside of the simulated region
    //     for PTLSim/ASF
    GOTO_REAL();
    global_time += TIMER_DIFF_SECONDS(start, stop);

    SEQ_FREE(alloc_memory);
    SEQ_FREE(new_centers);
    SEQ_FREE(new_centers_len);

    return clusters;
}

/* =============================================================================
 *
 * End of normal.c
 *
 * =============================================================================
 */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you are going to read PtHG, then read the words in the text rather than overlaying your own fears and conclusions. Your reaction to the book is not indicative of what I wrote.
There is very little of me in the book. Nor does the book represent all of what I think or know about the topics covered. It is an overview, not a comprehensive treatment.
The book assumes it is competing with another tradition taught to us by the church, and only suggests there may be another way to view events. It does not claim to be right. That is left to the reader to decide. In many specific topics the material reaches a "tie" and leaves it to the reader to choose the result.
Careful readers have claimed I am "wishy-washy" because I refrain from making conclusions. Others who read carelessly have instead damned me for their own conclusions, using "Snuffer claims" or "Snuffer views" and "Snuffer wrongly assumes" to substitute their internal reactions for what I have written.
It is not until Chapter 15 that I move from recounting what scripture and church leaders wrote or said to assume the proposed new view is true. That chapter opens with this explanation: "For purposes of this chapter, I am going to assume the church never obtained the fullness offered by the Lord in Nauvoo." Then I give all the reasons why I would choose to believe, and remain faithful to the church. That is the point at which my voice emerges into the narrative. It comes to quiet alarm, reassure belief and to muster support for the church.
Eventually the furor will calm down and the book will have a dispassionate reading. When we finally get there, people will wonder why the reactions were so overwrought. I hope the many things now written by the pseudo-defenders of Mormonism remain available, so they can inform future saints on how to react with less fear toward unwelcome ideas.
The purpose of Passing the Heavenly Gift it to awaken all of us to how delicate a proposition it is to live faithfully. Perhaps the most offensive character treatment is given to Heber J. Grant. The offense is taken from his own hand, recorded in his own diary, preserving his own mother's criticism of him. But those are his words and the words of his mother. I defend him and praise his candor and honest introspection. My voice praises the man; his condemns. The distinction between these two voices is altogether lost on at least one of the most harshest reviewers of PtHG. His quarrel is not with me. It is with others.
I would suggest that it is better to take a look at the source material and consider that, and leave me out of the equation.
The Nauvoo Temple was not complete. Ever. Nor did they perform any endowment in a completed structure. When they left Nauvoo after shutting down the rites, they prayed to be allowed to complete the Temple so they might be able to dedicate it. The next day the attic caught fire and the area where the endowment had been performed was badly damaged. While they re-covered the roof, the attic was not repaired. Finally they abandoned work and "considered it complete enough to dedicate." These events are chronicled and the sources quoted. In light of Section 124, those events matter. I was hoping to provoke some effort to examine those facts. Instead all I see are personal attacks directed at me borne out of ignorance and insecurity. Your insecurities do not belong to me. When you react to the book by attacking me, you expose your own doubts.
We should confidently state the case for Mormonism. I've done that in PtHG, even with historical lacunas in our story lines. If a reviewer wants to react to the events, then it would be a better service to everybody, myself included, to fill in the missing connections.


text:
Home » Actor Michael Parks Dead At 77
Actor Michael Parks Dead At 77
Joey Keogh May 10, 2017 No Comments 29 views 0 likes
Incredibly sad news for horror fans–or just fans of movies in general–today as it's just been announced that Michael Parks, character actor extraordinaire, has died at the age of 77.
The BBC suggests in their headline that Parks was Hollywood's most underrated actor and the answer, at least from those of us who grew up with him, is an unequivocal yes. However he also counted Robert Rodriguez, Quentin Tarantino and Kevin Smith as some of his biggest and most vocal fans.
It was Smith who broke the news on his Instagram account, describing the actor, in an emotional post, as his muse. Parks had a couple of memorable turns in Smith's horror movies Red State and Tusk, taking to their vastly different villain roles with considerable aplomb.
Horror fans will also recognise him from Jim Mickle's glorious We Are What We Are, along with Rodriguez's genre fan favourite From Dusk Till Dawn, but Parks was most well-known for starring in TV's Twin Peaks along with Tarantino's Kill Bill 1 and 2, among a wide variety of other eye-catching turns over his long and storied career.
As the BBC notes, he was criminally underrated, bringing class and esteem to everything he did. It's unsurprising Tarantino described him as one of his all-time favourite actors. His is a considerable loss to the world of movies in general, and horror in particular, a genre in which he was making a long-anticipated comeback of sorts over the past few years.
Parks is survived by his wife and son. Our thoughts are with them at this difficult time.
Tags: death notice, horror, Kevin Smith, Michael Parks, michael parks dead, obituary, Quentin Tarantino, Robert Rodriguez
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text:
Un archidémon, dans la tradition biblique, représente une entité spirituelle maléfique, haut placée dans la hiérarchie infernale. Il est considéré comme l'équivalent démoniaque de l'archange.

Les archidémons sont décrits comme étant les chefs des 666 légions de l'Enfer, tout comme les archanges mènent les chœurs des anges. Dans la tradition occulte, il y a une polémique selon laquelle des démons devraient être classés parmi les archidémons. Pendant différents âges, quelques démons « ont été historiquement promus » au rang des archidémons, d'autres ont été complètement oubliés, et des nouveaux ont été créés.

Dans les croyances juives antiques, des dieux païens des cultures voisines ont été classés comme extrêmement pernicieux afin d'empêcher les Juifs de les adorer. C'est ainsi que Baal ou Astarté furent insérés parmi les plus mauvais ennemis de Dieu. Durant le Moyen Âge, ces caractérisations ont perdu de leur importance, mais ont tout de même toujours persisté. Les nouveaux archidémons ont émergé, la plupart du temps tournant autour de Satan et de l'antéchrist.

Culture Populaire

Les Archidémon sont des monstres dans la série de jeux vidéos Dragon Quest.

Liens internes
Démonologie
Démon
Archange
Enfer

Démon judéo-chrétien
Anthropologie des religions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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While Hallyu fandom continues to expand, there are more and more emerging online communities blossoming, enabling fans from London to Buenos Aires to Jakarta to connect, share and collectively rejoice in all things K-drama. Yet, none is more welcoming or more engaging than K-Drama Amino, the mobile social network created by Amino Apps.
Toted as the largest and fastest-growing mobile community for K-drama enthusiasts, K-Drama Amino gives fans the power to express their fandom, build a following for their favorite artists and actors and connect with other like-minded fans. In addition to being a welcoming community, the app gives users access to unique, varied content, available straight from the app's streamlined timeline.
No other app provides fan-created content and interactive polls, games and challenges quite like those on K-Drama Amino. Except, of course, for Kpop Amino, a similar community devoted to the idols, songs and dance moves behind Asia's most popular music genre.
Find new friend who loves SNSD and EXO as much as you do. Interact with a 2NE1 lover on the other side of the world! Join K-Pop fan clubs and make new K-popper friends to chat about 2PM and Sistar. Share pictures of Big Bang. The possibilities are truly endless!
What are you waiting for, Hallyu fans?! These two apps are just a download away. And they're both completely free! Check out the links below and get the version compatible with your device.
Disclaimer: This post was sponsored by Amino Apps. The opinions are, however, my own.


Stopping the Oppression of the Supermajority!
Tim Wu wrote in the New York Times about the Oppression of the Supermajority.
We Are Not Politically Polarized on Important Issues - So Just Stop It!
75% of Americans want higher taxes for the uberwealthy, 67% want guaranteed maternity leave, 83% are asking for stronger net neutrality protections, 60% are in favor of better privacy laws and 92% want Medicare to negotiate lower drugs prices. The list goes on.
Why are "we" not being heard?
Once Banned 1918 Flu Being Studied in Secret?
Could deadly flu virus studies escape the lab and infect millions without healthcare?
Scientists are resuming once-banned research into the deadly flu virus of 1918, which killed millions, in the hopes of stopping a future similar flu pandemic.
The public was not informed. The United States is uniquely vulnerable because we have no national health care program.
Canada and Mexico and all of Europe and parts of South and Central America do, but we don't. So no matter what kind of vaccine or treatment we come up with to stop the spread of the next version of the deadly flu of 1918, we're going to have a problem because so many people can't afford to go to the doctor - or don't even have a doctor - and will instead walk around contagious, spreading the illness.
Our lack of sick leave compounds it; people who are sick will still go to work in our restaurants and taxis and sneeze on us and our food, increasing the velocity of the spread of the next big disease, whether it be flu or SARS or some new virus that North Korea or another foe could drop into our country.
How Do We Hold Corporations Accountable When People Die ☠?
When people die ☠, should the pharma and fossil fuel corporations causing those deaths and then declaring bankruptcy to avoid being held accountable?
If a corporation goes bankrupt, should those who have died, lost money and jobs through those actions, be compensated?
Julio Rivera and Thom debate and, unusually, agree on several points and violently disagree on others.


Warm weather, sunny skies, and a nice ocean breeze…ahh, sounds like the perfect summer day to me! Although it seems like the cold air and snow have no end in sight, toastier temperatures are coming – I hope! Here at ShoeMall, we want to help you get ready for those hot, sunny days with the latest summer trend: black and gold sandals! Sandals come in many styles, colors, and accents, but black and gold sandals add just that slight glamorous touch you're looking . . .
Whether it's your very first date or you've been together for what seems like forever, there's something about the summertime that makes couples want to get out and celebrate their love.


text:
Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini review: a mini worthy of the flagship name
9 min read 9 min 13 Shares 13 1 Comment 1
Authored by: Kris Carlon Aug 27, 2014
Lets be honest: Samsung's historical attempts at mini flagship devices have been pretty miserable. In our Galaxy S5 Mini review, we'll show you how Samsung has improved upon the instantly forgettable Galaxy S3 Mini and S4 Mini to produce a slimmed down version of the Galaxy S5 that produces an altogether different result than its miniature predecessors. For the first time, a Samsung Mini demands that you pay attention. How does S5 Mini achieve this? Read on to find out.
Jump directly to:
Design and Build Quality
✓Same look and feel as the S5
✓Same flagship software features and experience
✓Great display
✓Solid camera and battery
✕Slower performance than S5
✕Relatively high price
Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini design and build quality
As far as looks go, the Galaxy S5 Mini is pretty much just a smaller version of the Galaxy S5. The proportions may be a little different, but the Galaxy S5 Mini is very similar in look and feel to the S5. You've got the same matte, rubberized plastic backing on the rear, the same metallic silver trim around the edges and a front end that simply looks like an S5 that went through a clothes dryer cycle.
You could be forgiven for mistaking the Galaxy S5 Mini for the S5 from the back. / © ANDROIDPIT
The only visible difference is that the S5 has a water-resistant flap over its USB 3.0 port and the S5 Mini's USB 2.0 port is open to the elements. There's another minor change on the back too: the S5 camera lens protrudes a little from the surface of the battery cover, whereas on the S5 Mini this has been absorbed back into the main body. Both water-resistant back panels are removable, uncovering a removable battery and SIM and microSD card slots. The S5 stacks the two cards and the S5 Mini puts them side by side.
The Galaxy S5 Mini has an uncovered USB 2.0 port, but is still IP67 water-resistant. / © ANDROIDPIT
Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini display
The S5 Mini has a Super AMOLED display measuring 4.5 inches (for comparison, the S5 has a 5.1-inch screen). It's Full HD, meaning 1,280 x 720 pixels, which is perfectly acceptable for a device of this size. The pixel density comes in at a healthy 326 ppi. As with all Samsung displays, it's bright, contrasty, heavy on the saturation and a joy to look upon.
Want to know the difference between AMOLED and Super AMOLED?
As expected, the Galaxy S5 Mini handles big bright colors with ease. / © ANDROIDPIT
On the downside though, you've got the same wide bezels surrounding the display and when placed side by side with the S5, the colors seem a little less vibrant, especially were warmer colors are concerned. In general I actually prefer a slightly toned down display, so this suits me fine. Whites also appear a little greenish compared to the warmer tone of whites on the S5. This could come down to individual device displays though. Unless you're particularly hung up on pixel density, there's very little difference between the S5 Mini and S5 display in terms of quality.
Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini special features
This is where Samsung has made some great choices: the S5 Mini has the same extra features as the S5. While some of these were not received particularly well on the flagship, they are distinctly flagship features, and it's a great move to include them on the S5 Mini: the finger scanner is built into the home button and you've got the heart rate monitor, infrared sensor and IP67 water and dust resistance found on the flagship. If you want a flagship feel in a smaller body, the S5 Mini delivers.
Take a look at the accuracy of the Galaxy S5 finger scanner.
The same flagship TouchWiz experience is present on the Galaxy S5 Mini. / © ANDROIDPIT
Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini software
If you know the TouchWiz user interface found on the Galaxy S5, then you know the S5 Mini. Samsung has put the exact same interface on the Mini version, so TouchWiz fans don't need to to worry about missing out on the latest interface look. The only software feature which isn't on the S5 Mini is Download Booster. Multi Window and One-Handed Operation are also absent, but don't make any sense on a smaller screened device. Air Browse, the ability to scroll through pages using a side palm gesture, is also mysteriously absent.
What the S5 Mini does have is the same bright, round icons, generally darker interface to capitalize on the power saving qualities of AMOLED screens, and almost the entire software feature set of the S5: Ultra Power Saving Mode, Air View, gesture controls, Toolbox (a floating quick access app bubble), Private Mode, Easy Mode, Smart Remote, S Health, S Voice and the full suite of Samsung applications. Apart from the minor omissions mentioned above, you're getting the S5 experience on the software front too.
Check out our Galaxy S5 software features tour.
Some features are missing (like Download Booster) but everything else is included. / © ANDROIDPIT
Regarding software, or perhaps it is a hardware issue, the fingerprint scanner on the S5 Mini demonstrates the same weaknesses as the S5 finger scanner: it works great...sometimes. And not so great most of the time. Compared to Apple's fingerprint scanner Android has repeatedly shown it still has a way to go. On the plus side, you can register up to three fingerprints and use them to verify your Samsung account or make payments with PayPal.
The heart rate monitor on the back provides reliably unreliable measurements. The sensor works fine enough, but it should not be considered a trusted source of biometric information. Sweat causes the same issues as the heart rate sensor on the various Gear devices: which doesn't bode well for using it to measure exercise data. It's a nice enough gimmick, but while it may be useful to some, for most of us it is likely to be forgotten as soon as the honeymoon period is over.
Compare Samsung's TouchWiz to Stock Android.
You can't expect flagship performance from a Mini, but the S5 Mini does a very good job with what it has. / © ANDROIDPIT
Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini performance
This is where things start to take a turn for the expected. The S5 Mini naturally comes with less powerful components than its flagship inspiration but it doesn't actually feel terribly slow. Again, a Mini version of a flagship tends to appeal to those either with small hands or those that like the look and features of the flagship but don't want to pay the full price. In the latter case at least, the exact clock speed of the processor is irrelevant. And for the small-handed there's not much you can do if you don't like the internals of the Mini version, except perhaps buy a Sony Xperia Z1 Compact instead.
In general, the performance of the S5 Mini was entirely okay, with minimal stuttering in Real Racing 3, slightly slower app launches when compared to the S5, and slower responsiveness from the camera app, for both focusing and shooting. As long as you're not expecting flagship performance from the S5 Mini, you won't be disappointed. If you're in search of the latest specs though, then as usual, you'll have to look elsewhere. The internal speaker is also problematic, causing a weird full body shake when acoustic feedback occurs (the signature blup sound Samsung devices make).
The S5 Mini camera may not be as good as the S5, but it's a standout in its class. / © ANDROIDPIT
Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini camera
Again, the S5 Mini steps things down a notch in the camera department as well. The auto-focus and shooting speeds are not on par with the flagship but hold up very well against other devices in the same class. At the full image resolution of 8 MP, you can only shoot in 4:3 format and if you want 16:9 specifically you'll have to drop the resolution down to 6 MP. The quality of the images produced is exceptional though with good performance on macro subjects, in full daylight and typically rich color reproduction.
The S5 mini's camera may not be quite as good as the S5 but it's amongst the best in its class. / © ANDROIDPIT
HDR mode brings solid results to otherwise problematic high contrast settings, and image noise is handled well. There's a typical tendency to heavy post-processing in ambient light settings, but we see this a lot with low-light shooting on almost all Android smartphones. A manual shooting mode would be nice, but again, you can't have everything on a Mini. Regardless, the S5 Mini is still a good performer.
Samsung Galaxy S5 mini: first test photos
Link to Gallery
Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini battery
After a week of testing the S5 Mini battery held up to our initial observations. To give you an idea, over nearly 3 hours of initial usage the battery lost about 20 percent. During this time the display was turned on at full brightness for about an hour, test photos were taken, a Google account was set up, apps downloaded and synced and some graphically intensive games were played. There was also a bit of browser and Google Maps work done with GPS on. In standby mode, consumption is minimal, even with auto-syncing Wi-Fi connected, after several hours there was almost no battery discharge.
The Galaxy S5 Mini has a removable back cover and replaceable battery, IR blaster, heart rate monitor, finger scanner and more. / © ANDROIDPIT
The battery, though it only has a capacity of 2,100 mAh, is pretty good value for a smartphone of this size. When tested for all-day use with occasional switching between Wi-Fi and mobile internet, we achieved running times of around 15 hours with a screen-on time of about 4 hours. With mobile data switched off we came up with a good two-day battery life. Of course, you also have Ultra Power Saving Mode and the possibility to switch out the battery if necessary.
Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini technical specifications
Battery size:
Display technology:
1280 x 720 pixels (326 ppi)
Front camera:
8 megapixels
Flashlight:
Android version:
4.4 - KitKat
Removable storage:
Chipset:
Samsung Exynos 3 Single
Number of cores:
Max. clock speed:
HSPA, LTE, NFC, Bluetooth 4.0
The Galaxy S5 Mini manages to achieve something its predecessors could not: it stands up as being worthy of the flagship name. Of course, you won't get the same top-shelf specs or camera resolution as the Galaxy S5, but as far as styling, experience and software features its all there. Bringing the added extras from the flagship also helps smooth over the missing parts where processor or camera speeds are concerned. Even the battery holds up remarkably well despite getting the shrink ray treatment.
However, some of the same flaws as those found in the full-sized Galaxy S5 are also present in the S5 Mini: uneven interface, high price, perhaps gimmicky features. But the S5 Mini manages to fulfill all the important promises of the flagship and it rightfully earns its place under the Galaxy S5 brand. As mentioned above, the S5 Mini will clearly appeal to Samsung fans with small hands or those looking for a premium experience on a smaller, cheaper device.
To device database
Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini Hardware Smartphone Review
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The Health Department from each state requires verification for the address the certificate requested will be sent to. The most common verification will be having the shipping address match the address on the photocopy of the ID you use for ID verification. However , sometimes this is not the case. In the event that your ID address does not match the address you would like the certificate sent to, you will need to include 2 articles of mail showing the shipping address and the name on the photo ID match. Common items the state will accept , and best to send , would be a copy of a bank statement and a copy of a utility bill.