As you know by now we're just an informal Bible study and we're strictly non-denominational. I can't find denominations in this Book; I just can't find them. So, we'll just teach the Word and we'll just sort of, as I've said, let the chips fall as they may.
And again, we always like to thank our listening audience for your prayers and for your financial support. My, I think this last month was one of the best months we've ever had and for most ministries summertime is the doldrums. But you've been faithful and we just thank the Lord for each and every one of you.
All right, in our last program we were in Hebrews chapter 11 and we left off with verse 23 with the review of the faith of Moses. And remember that Hebrews chapter 11 is a chapter that just simply reminds of the faith of all the Old Testament Patriarchs. Now over the months that we've teaching Hebrews, I've been constantly reminding all of us, myself included, that the Book of Hebrews is written to Jewish people who were primarily being plagued with the dilemma of coming out of Judaism and all of its Law-keeping and stepping into Paul's doctrines of Grace.
And we compare it with cult people today. It is hard for someone who has had these things drummed into them for years and years to finally just make the break and pull away from it and not be drawn back. Well, the Jewish people were under the same kind of a dilemma. Judaism was just pulling them back. Now you want to remember that when Hebrews was written, Jerusalem hasn't been destroyed, the Temple is still operating with all the sacrifices. See, that's why he said back in chapter 6, that if they were to go back into Temple worship and sacrifices (which had no validity whatsoever, and even though the Jews were still doing it every day in Jerusalem), they would be canceling out Grace.
But now, as I feel Paul is the writer of the book of Hebrews, Paul is going to appeal to his Jewish readers or listeners – that on the basis of all the Old Testament Patriarchs, it's always been by faith. Always. Many people will call and ask me, "Well what was the basis of salvation back in the Old Testament?" Well, it's always been by faith. Not faith plus nothing, like we are today in this Age of Grace, but it was always based on their faith, first and foremost. And so this great chapter 11 is a review of the faith of these Old Testament people by which we learn.
Now I think before we go any further, that we'll flip back to Romans chapter 15 – and I like to use a verse like this just to show that we cannot come into some of these Old Testament portions, or into a Book like Hebrews for example, and find the plan of salvation and lead someone to the Lord. Looking ahead when we get to the epistles of James, and Peter, and John, they too were all predominately Jewish. You can't go into one of those letters and find the plan of salvation and lead someone to the Lord – it's next to impossible because it's not in there.
"By faith Moses, when he was come to years,…" Now we in the English-speaking world, we immediately think of what age? Twenty-one years old. But it wasn't 21 in the case of Moses – it was 40. When Moses was 40 years old, after having spent those first 40 years in the house of Pharaoh (as Pharaoh's daughter, remember, picked him up out of the river Nile). Forty years he had been living as a son of Pharaoh. Now again, we've got to go back to Acts chapter 7, that great dissertation by Stephen.
Now you've heard me say this over and over – in antiquity, Egypt was the United States of that period of time. Egypt was the consumer nation of antiquity. Egypt was the high point of civilization. So Moses isn't stuck in some antiquated, pagan, uncivilized society – it's a thriving economy. They're building, they've got tremendous military; and for their day and time, they were the innovators and the scientists – and you see the Scripture tells us that Moses was educated in all of that. He had everything going for him. And on top of being the son of Pharaoh's daughter, he got all of the perks that went with it. The lifestyle, the sumptuous living, the banqueting, the beautiful women, just like our pro athlete's today – you know, there's nothing withheld from them.
"Choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, (now I'll add the word, 'rather') than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season;" You see why I made reference to our present day athletes? And how all of the pleasures of the immoral world are at their disposal. It was no different. Moses had the same thing and he had all the opportunity for the pleasures of sin. And let's face it, especially during the youthful years, sin can be pleasurable. Oh, it's going to take its toll sooner or later, but while they're in it, they think they're having a good time. And Moses was no different, but when he was 40 years old, right at the prime of life, what does Moses choose? The other direction. And he turns his back on all the sumptuous living – all of the sinfulness that was at his disposal, and he chose rather to cast his lot with the people of God.
"Esteeming the reproach of Christ.…" Now you've got to remember that the word Christ, we do not have it back in the Old Testament. In other words, when you read about Moses in Exodus, you don't see the name Jesus Christ. But it's the same person. Jehovah was the same person, He was in His Old Testament economy, but it was the same person of the Godhead that was dealing with Moses and the Patriarchs as deals with us today.
Today of course, we now have the benefit of that finished work of the Cross, but nevertheless, so far as his operating out of the Godhead, the Person of the Godhead that dealt with Moses was the same one that we deal with today. And so that's why the terminology is correct.
"Esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt:.…" Now don't lose sight of the fact that Egypt was the America of its day. They lived sumptuously. They knew how to live, as we say, 'high on the hog.' And they knew how to throw fancy banquets. They knew how to dress with beautiful clothes. They had all that going for them, and yet Moses turns his back on all that and aligns himself with the slaves out there in the brick kilns of Israel in Goshen. Quite a choice, wasn't it?
"…for he had respect unto the recompence of the reward." He suddenly got, I think, a spiritual understanding of "the recompense of the reward." Now you want to remember that for the pleasures of sin, even if they could enjoy it to the full, up until the end of a normal lifespan, we'll even go on up into the 80's and 90's, what if? What if we could enjoy all those youthful pleasures all the way up until we die? What is it compared to eternity? Nothing! Absolutely Nothing! It's just a blink of the eye compared to eternity.
Now I made the comment, several months ago I guess on one of the programs, that I had read the back of a T-shirt and that was a T-shirt I wish more people would wear. And it said,"Eternity. Have you thought about it?" Well, someone turned right around and made a lapel button out of that very same thing and we got a few in the mail the other day and would to God that more people would consider eternity. That's forever. And for the believer it's going to be enjoying all the rewards of our right choices, not just for a lifetime, but forever!
"By faith, he forsook Egypt,.…" Moses didn't just take off blindly. Moses just didn't take out into the wilderness wondering what was going to be his lot. Moses knew that God was in control. Now I think I made the comment in our last program, just before we closed, that they didn't have any written Bible in those days. He didn't have the written Word to depend on like we do. So how did these people keep the faith generation by generation? By the word of mouth. They passed it on to their kids. And that's the statement I think that I made in our closing remarks in our last program. That's where we have failed. We haven't passed it on to our younger generation and so now we're living in a society where most kids don't even know anything of the Scripture.
It's just mind boggling of how ignorant most of our younger people are of Scripture. They can't tell a Bible verse from a sentence from a poem. Iris can tell you that. Years back, she went into a card shop and asked the young lady behind the counter to help her find a card with a Bible verse. And what do you suppose she came up with? What was it honey? "God Bless You?" Something like that. It wasn't a Bible verse. But she thought it was. Now, that's pitiful. But anyway, Moses left Egypt knowing, by faith, that he was under God's control.
Now, as the Scripture does so often, we skip 40 years. Because 40 years have gone by from the time that Moses flees from Egypt; goes to the backside of the desert, remember? And he herds sheep for 40 years. And then one day he saw the burning bush. Now that's all been skipped here in the verses of Hebrews. Well, after he stopped to see the burning bush (it was God speaking), the Lord told him that now it was time to go back into Egypt and to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt.
Now if you know your Old Testament at all, I hope you realize that that in itself was not a shock to Moses, to lead Israel out of Egypt, because that's what he wanted to do in the first place. That's why he went out to the Children of Israel when he killed the Egyptian and again, that's in Acts. Let's go back there again. Acts chapter 7 just fills in so many of the details that the Old Testament doesn't give us. Acts 27 verse 23.
"And when he was (this is speaking of Moses now in Egypt) full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren, the children of Israel. 24. And seeing one of them (an Israelite) suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged him that was oppressed, and smote (or killed) the Egyptian:" I don't think he intended to murder him. He probably just hit him harder than he intended to and he killed him. All right, now verse 25 – this is what I wanted you to see. This is what Moses was thinking when he turned his back on Egypt and went out to the children of Israel. This is what was on his mind.
"For he supposed (he thought) his brethren would have understood how that God by his hand would deliver them: but they understood not." So what did Moses really have on his mind when he went out to visit the children of Israel? That he was going to start the ball rolling to move the Nation of Israel out of Egypt and back to the Promised Land. Because that was all handed down by faith, you see?
But the whole problem was, it wasn't in God's timing. Moses was hoping to do it under his own power, because of his own ability, his own political situation instead of waiting for God. Sound familiar? But forty years later, now, God can call him aside at the burning bush and say, "All right, Moses, now I'm ready to have you lead the children of Israel out of Egypt." So, all of this was still based on the man's Faith.
All right, so come back to Hebrews chapter 11 and verse 28. After skipping those forty years on the back side of the desert, we skip that time of the plagues with the Pharaoh's there in Egypt and we come down to the last event that Israel experiences in Egypt. And what is it? The night of the Passover. The night of the Passover when the blood was applied to the doorpost and the death angel passed over.
"…lest he that destroyed the firstborn (that is of Egypt. All the firstborn of Egypt remember, were stricken) should touch them." The blood of the Passover lamb kept the death angel from touching the children of Israel. Now again, what did it take to take the lamb's blood and apply it to a doorpost? Faith! They had nothing else to go by. But God had said, if you apply the blood in such and such a way, as the death angel is striking the firstborn all across Egypt, if I see the blood, I'll pass over you. And so what was the basis for putting the blood on the door? Faith. They had no other way of knowing. They had no way of knowing that that death angel would pass over, they could only take God at His Word.
Now you see, we come right back to that same concept today. Over and over I have to ask people, "Are you trusting nothing but that finished work of the cross for salvation?" Or are you trusting your denomination? Are you trusting your local church? Now there's nothing wrong with all those things but they will never save anybody. Our faith has to be in what God has said. And what has God said? "That when I see you place your Faith in that finished work of the cross, you're Mine!" And we take that by faith. We believe it in our heart! But oh, it's so hard for people to leave it alone after believing in your heart. But human nature says what? But I've got to do…something! No we don't!


text:
Publication Preview--Ahead of Print
Case of the Week Archive
Classic Case Archive
Case of the Month Archive
About AJNR
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Follow AJNR on Twitter
Visit AJNR on Facebook
Follow AJNR on Instagram
Join AJNR on LinkedIn
Research ArticleBRAIN
Focal Brain Glucose Hypometabolism in Patients with Neuropsychologic Deficits after Diffuse Axonal Injury
T. Nakashima, N. Nakayama, K. Miwa, A. Okumura, A. Soeda and T. Iwama
American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2007, 28 (2) 236-242;
T. Nakashima
N. Nakayama
K. Miwa
A. Okumura
A. Soeda
T. Iwama
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neuropsychologic deficits are well-known sequelae of traumatic brain injury. However, the cerebral correlates of these deficits are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the regions of cerebral dysfunction correlated with such neuropsychologic deficits after traumatic brain injury.
METHODS: Sets of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose–positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) images in the resting state were obtained from 12 patients with neuropsychologic deficits after diffuse axonal injury and from 32 healthy volunteers. The cortical metabolic activity of each subject's PET image sets was extracted using 3D stereotactic surface projection (3D-SSP). A "normal" data base was created using the extracted datasets of the healthy subjects. The patients' datasets were compared with the normal data base by calculating a statistical Z-score on a pixel-by-pixel basis in searches for focal metabolic abnormalities.
RESULTS: Group comparisons revealed hypometabolism in the cingulate gyrus with additional involvement of the lingual gyrus and cuneus. Individual case-by-case analyses disclosed differences in the site and extent of the hypometabolism in the cingulate gyrus of each case. Predominant hypometabolism was found in the anterior cingulate gyrus of 6 patients, the middle cingulate gyrus of 2 patients, and the posterior cingulate gyrus of 4 patients.
CONCLUSION: Interpretation of FDG-PET using 3D-SSP facilitates the identification of regional hypometabolism in the cerebral cortex of patients after diffuse axonal injury. Dysfunction of the cingulate gyrus, lingual gyrus, and cuneus may play a crucial role in neuropsychologic deficits after traumatic brain injury.
Neuropsychologic deficits are well-known sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The deficits represent a complex combination of cognitive impairments and behavioral disorders and often become substantial sources of morbidity for affected persons.1,2 However, neither the underlying mechanisms nor the cerebral correlates of the deficits are clearly understood.
Several studies have been carried out to determine the regional cerebral dysfunction responsible for such deficits3 using functional brain imaging, such as single-photon emission CT (SPECT)4–6 or positron-emission tomography (PET),7–9 which has the potential to reveal cerebral dysfunction in regions without any detectable structural lesions on CT or MR imaging.10 Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose–PET (FDG-PET) is the only established technique that can evaluate cerebral glucose metabolism in vivo. Based on the principle that regional glucose metabolism reflects the neuronal activity of the region, focal hypometabolism indicates an area of neuronal dysfunction. Therefore, FDG-PET has an advantage for elucidating focal brain dysfunction compared with the cerebral perfusion image obtained by SPECT. However, few studies have used FDG-PET to explore the lesions correlated with neuropsychologic deficits after TBI.7–9
For the analysis of PET images, the region of interest (ROI) method has been widely used. However, problems are associated with this method, such as poor objectivity and low reproducibility of the results. Therefore, interpretation of PET images using stereotactic brain coordinate systems, such as 3D stereotactic surface projections (3D-SSP)11–13 and statistical parametric mapping (SPM),14,15 would allow greater consistency in the reported results and make it easy to determine the spatial extent of the abnormal site on the brain map. However, there is a small difference between the 2 methods. In particular, 3D-SSP is used as a clinical application for diagnosis by detecting the distribution forms of abnormal regions on the brain surface, whereas SPM aims to indicate foci with a significant difference over the whole brain. Furthermore, 3D-SSP is programmed to avoid the effect of brain atrophy, such that the results are less affected by regional brain atrophy than SPM, even in a single case-by-case analysis.
Previous analyses of FDG-PET using 3D-SSP successfully demonstrated subtle decreases in glucose metabolism in the region of the posterior cingulate cortex and the cinguloparietal transitional area in patients with Alzheimer disease at a very early stage.16 Following this methodology, the present study was conducted to elucidate local metabolic reduction in patients after TBI, which may correlate with neuropsychologic deficits.
Patients and Healthy Subjects
Twelve patients (8 men and 4 women) with neuropsychologic deficits after diffuse axonal injury (DAI) were recruited from the Department of Neurosurgery in Kizawa Memorial Hospital between 2002 and 2004. The recruitment was part of an ongoing cross-sectional study of neuropsychologic deficits (A model project for supporting persons with higher brain dysfunction; Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare), and the 12 patients were drawn from a larger group of 31 patients with neuropsychologic deficits after TBI or cerebrovascular accidents. Despite making a good recovery after TBI, the impairment of memory, attention, and executive function caused them to become unemployed. When probing the functional consequences of damages to the brain, the heterogeneity of the pathogenesis of brain injury may represent a reason for the failure to find consistent relationships between the localization of lesions and neuropsychologic deficits after TBI. Simplifying the pathogenesis and eliminating the effect of focal injury in cerebral cortex, which had negative correlation with neuropsychologic deficits, the following inclusion criteria were made: moderate or severe injury,17 diffuse injury type II or III according to the CT classification,18 and no physical handicaps. At the time of the FDG-PET study, the mean age of the patients was 30.4 years (range, 18–50 years). The mean time since injury was 28.8 months (range, 3–71 months). Initial CT scans after injury showed subarachnoid hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage without diffuse brain swelling in 9 of 12 patients. Three of 12 patients showed diffuse brain swelling with midline shift under 5 mm. No focal injury with volume exceeding 25 mL was demonstrated in the patients. A small mixed-attenuation area suggesting cerebral contusion was shown in 5 of 12 patients. Three of the cerebral contusions were present in the right frontal lobe and 2 of them were in the right temporal lobe. The patients and their families were informed of the experimental aim of the study and gave their consent to participate.
The cognitive impairments of the patients were diagnosed by administering the following battery of neuropsychologic tests: memory was assessed using the Wechsler Memory Scale, Revised Edition (WMS-R); attention was assessed using the Paced Auditory Serial Attention Task (PASAT) and D-CAT (similar to Ruff's 7 series, normalized by more than 350 normal subjects); executive function was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST); and general intelligence was assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intellectual Scale, Revised Edition (WAIS-R). The numbers of patients showing deficit on each cognitive domain were as follows: 9 of 10 patients tested by WMS-R showed a positive memory problem, 10 of 11 patients tested by PASAT and/or D-CAT showed an attention problem, and 5 of 7 patients tested by WCST showed an executive function problem. Four of 12 patients were asymptomatic, and 8 patients had a subnormal score on the intelligence quotient (IQ).
The age-similar healthy subjects were 32 volunteers with no prior history of head injury who were recruited by advertising. The healthy subjects were divided into 2 age-similar groups, designated the data base group (DBG) and the control group (CG), in a random fashion. The DBG and CG consisted of 20 subjects (average age, 35.6 years; range, 21–50 years) and 12 subjects (average age, 35.5 years; range, 22–50 years), respectively. The PET image datasets of the DBG were used to create a data base of 3D-SSP. The datasets of the CG were analyzed in the same way as those of the patients to validate the reliability of the created data base and the result of 3D-SSP analyses.
MR images were obtained for all the patients and healthy subjects using a 1.5T scanner (Signa; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wis). The imaging protocol consisted of 3 imaging sessions of the same geometry (15 sections; axial plane; section thickness, 6 mm; section gap, 3 mm): 1) T1-weighted fast spin-echo (TR, 350 ms; TE, 10 ms; FOV, 25 cm; data matrix, 256 × 224); 2) axial T2-weighted fast spin-echo (TR, 2600 ms; TE, 100 ms; FOV, 25 cm; data matrix, 256 × 224); and 3) gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (TR, 1000 ms; TE, 12 ms; FOV, 25 cm; data matrix, 256 × 224; flip angle, 20°).
Positron-Emission Tomography
Resting-state measurement of glucose metabolism with 18F-FDG-PET was performed as follows. The PET scans were performed using an Advance scanner (GE Healthcare) that provided 35 transaxial images at 4.25-mm intervals. Patients and healthy subjects fasted for at least 4 hours before the scanning. After intravenous administration of 5.3 MBq/kg 18F-FDG, the subjects were kept in a dimly lit isolation room and instructed to remain still with their eyes open to avoid falling asleep. A set of transaxial images was obtained with a standard 2D emission scan mode starting 40 minutes after the injection. Thereafter, a transmission scan was performed for attenuation correction.
PET image analysis with 3D-SSP was performed using the Neurostat software established by Minoshima et al.13 Each image set was realigned to the bicommissural stereotactic coordinate system. The differences among individual brain sizes were removed by linear scaling, and regional anatomic differences were minimized by a nonlinear warping technique.19 As a result, each brain was standardized anatomically to match with a standard atlas of the brain20 while preserving the regional metabolic activity. Thereafter, the maximum cortical activity was extracted to adjacent predefined surface pixels on a pixel-by-pixel basis using the 3D-SSP technique.13 This cortical data extraction technique compensates for small anatomic differences in the gray matter structures (such as variable depth of the gyri) across patients and minimizes the partial volume of the white matter. Approximately 16,000 predefined surface pixels covered the entire cortex, including the medial aspect of the 2 hemispheres. The extracted data for the cortical activity were normalized according to the mean global activity before further analyses.
Individual case-by-case analyses were performed as follows. A normal reference data base was created by calculating the mean and SD of the activity for each surface pixel using the normalized datasets of the DBG subjects. Thereafter, the normalized activity of each patient and CG subject was compared with the normal reference data base by a Z-score (Z = [normal mean value] − [individual value]/normal SD). A positive Z-score represented a reduced metabolic activity. To confirm the characteristic metabolic pattern of the patients, 2-sample Student t test values were calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis between the patient group and the DBG. Next, the calculated t values were transformed to Z-scores by a probability integral transformation. The Z-score data were then displayed on the 3D-SSP brain surface map for visual inspection.
Individual 3D-SSP brain surface maps of each patient and CG subject were evaluated by an expert reader who was blind to the clinical data. The locations of hypometabolism were also evaluated by a stereotactic extraction estimation method (SEE) established by Mizumura et al21 to minimize the subjective bias and variability on visual inspection. In brief, the 3D-SSP brain surface map was divided into 64 gyrus-level segments according to the Talairach Daemon brain atlas (Talairach Daemon; Research Imaging Center, University of Texas Laboratory).22,23 Next, the proportion of surface pixels with Z values over a threshold value (this study used Z = 2 as the threshold) was calculated in each respective segment and expressed as the "extent" of the lesion in each gyrus-level segment.
Brain MR imaging revealed neither anomalies nor prior pathologic changes in any of the healthy subjects. Traces of cerebral contusion were found in the frontal or temporal lobes of 5 patients. A few scattered hemosiderin deposits in the cerebral white matter, suggesting the presence of microbleeding in the acute stage of DAI, were observed in 5 patients. The area of cerebral contusion was shown as the focus of glucose hypometabolism on the axial view of the PET images, as well as on the 3D-SSP brain surface map. However, none of the local hypometabolism shown on the axial view of the PET image coincided with the hemosiderin deposit demonstrated by MR imaging.
Group comparisons between the patient group and the DBG clearly revealed areas of decreased cortical glucose metabolism on the 3D-SSP brain surface map. Local hypometabolism was identified in the anterior, middle, and posterior cingulate gyrus, lingual gyrus, cuneus, and cerebellum on visual inspection. The hypometabolism was mostly observed on the medial aspect of the bilateral cerebral hemisphere with a symmetric pattern (Fig 1). The "extent" (proportion of surface pixels with a Z score >2) of representative gyrus level segment is shown in Table 1. When significant hypometabolism in a segment was defined as exceeding 30%, the anterior, middle, and posterior cingulate gyri, lingual gyrus, cuneus, and right thalamus could be evaluated for their hypometabolic regions. On the contrary, group comparisons between the CG and the DBG revealed no significant hypometabolic regions (Fig 2). The proportion of surface pixels with a Z score >2 was only 2.4% of the total surface pixels of the cerebrum.
Z-score brain surface map represents areas of metabolic reduction in patients in comparison with healthy subjects (data base group). Right lateral (R.LAT), left lateral (L. LAT), superior (SUP), inferior (INF), anterior (ANT), posterior (POST), right medial (R. MED), and left medial (L. MED) views are shown. Reduction of glucose metabolism is evident in medial aspects of cerebrum especially in cingulate gyrus, lingual gyrus, and cuneus.
Z-score brain surface map represents the result of group comparison between 2 healthy subjects groups such as control group (CG) and data base group (DBG). Right lateral (R.LAT), left lateral (L. LAT), superior (SUP), inferior (INF), anterior (ANT), posterior (POST), right medial (R. MED), and left medial (L. MED) views are shown. Marked metabolic reduction is not shown on the medial surface of cerebrum.
Table 1:
Abstract from the stereotactic extraction estimation (SEE) results of group comparison
Individual case-by-case analyses also revealed local hypometabolism in the cingulate gyrus, lingual gyrus, and cuneus. However, the distribution of hypometabolic region was different in each individual case (Fig 3). Patterns of cortical metabolic abnormalities in the medial surface of cerebral hemisphere were examined for discriminating the patients from normal control subjects. Visual inspection resulted in 2 false-negative cases in the patient group and no false-positive cases in CG subjects. In the false-negative cases, clusters of the pixels showing high Z score in the middle and posterior cingulate gyrus were so small that the images were not assessed as abnormal. Every image showing the metabolic reduction in the anterior cingulate gyrus (case 1–6; Table 2) was identified as abnormal.
Z-score brain surface map of representative cases shows a prominent metabolic reduction on respective gyrus level segment in cingulate gyrus.
Top, 46-year-old man (case 4) shows hypometabolism in anterior cingulate gyrus.
Middle, 38-year-old woman (case 7) shows hypometabolism in middle cingulate gyrus. Metabolic reduction shown in the right frontal lobe is the result of cerebral contusion.
Bottom, 28-year-old man (case 12) shows hypometabolism in posterior cingulate gyrus with concomitant hypometabolism of lingual gyrus and cuneus.
Proportion of surface pixels showing abnormalities (Z > 2) in each case
Estimation of the individual Z-score data disclosed that the "extent" (proportion of the surface pixels with a Z score >2) of the hypometabolism in regions of the anterior, middle, or posterior cingulate gyrus of individual patients was significantly higher than that of individual CG subjects. The "extent" revealed hypometabolism of the lingual gyrus and cuneus in 5 patients in the unilateral or bilateral cerebral hemisphere (Table 2). Regarding the spatial distribution of the hypometabolism in the cingulate gyrus, the 3D-SSP brain surface map facilitated the visualization of differences among the patients (Fig 2). The "extent" disclosed a predominant hypometabolism in the anterior cingulate gyrus in 6 patients, middle cingulate gyrus in 2 patients, and posterior cingulate gyrus in 4 patients (Table 2). Three of 4 patients showing predominant hypometabolism in the posterior cingulate gyrus revealed a concomitant metabolic reduction in the lingual gyrus and cuneus, whereas metabolic reduction in the lingual gyrus and cuneus was found in only 2 of 8 patients showing predominant hypometabolism in the anterior or middle cingulate gyrus (Table 2).
Hypometabolism of the cerebellar cortex was demonstrated not only by the group comparisons but also by the individual case-by-case analyses. However, the SEE software did not support Z-score estimation for the cerebellar cortex; therefore, the assessment of metabolic reduction in the cerebellar cortex was based simply on visual inspection.
Interpretation of FDG-PET by 3D-SSP facilitated the visualization and evaluation of regional hypometabolism, compared with previous neuroimaging studies of the patients with neuropsychologic deficits after TBI. To account for the metabolic reduction, the following 2 main mechanisms have been proposed: 1) local neuronal loss and 2) decreased neuronal activity as a result of deafferentation. In the present study, MR imaging did not reveal focal structural damage to the cingulate cortex or the other cortices in which hypometabolism was demonstrated by the group comparison. Therefore, the regional metabolic reduction in the cingulate gyrus, lingual gyrus, and cuneus is suggested to arise as a result of deafferentation of the neurons24 interconnecting the hypometabolic regions with other parts of the cerebrum.
There is now evidence that the anterior cingulate cortex has extensive reciprocal connections with the prefrontal, parietal, and temporal cortices as well as with the limbic and reticular systems. It has been proved to play a crucial role in the expression of frontal lobe functions and is believed to form the central part of an executive/attentional system and to play a key role in cognition.25 The posterior cingulate cortex also has various reciprocal connections with the limbic system and association cortices,26,27 such as the temporal and parietal cortices distinct from those of the anterior cingulate cortex.28 It has been proved to play an important role in learning and memory function. The lingual gyrus and cuneus have been believed to mediate the neural function of visual perception in cooperation with the functionally conjunctive occipitotemporal cortex.29,30 Histopathologic study has shown widespread axonotomy in cerebral white matter of the patients after DAI.31 Deafferentation caused by the axonotomy to the neurons interconnecting cingulate gyrus with other cerebral cortices of bilateral hemisphere may result in the symmetrical metabolic reduction of the cingulate gyrus. The dysfunction of bilateral cingulate cortex produced by the axonotomy may be the fundamental mechanism of the neuropsychologic deficits after DAI.
The ventral anterior and posterior cingulate cortices have been proved to show greater activities in the resting state than during cognitive tasks. Based on this phenomenon, the following hypothesis has been proposed.32,33 The posterior cingulate cortex has significant functional connectivity with the ventral anterior cingulate, prefrontal, and other cerebral cortices that constitute a default mode network active during the resting state. They integrate cognitive and emotional processing when tasks with a high cognitive demand cue such processing. Because the FDG-PET images in the present study were obtained in the resting state, the metabolic reduction shown in the cingulate cortex of the patients might indicate a dysfunction of the default mode network, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of the neuropsychologic deficits.
The results of this study showing local glucose hypometabolism in the cingulate gyrus are in agreement with previous research by Fontaine et al9 who quantitatively analyzed the cerebral glucose metabolism of patients with neuropsychologic deficits after severe TBI using the ROI method. They showed significant correlations between the cingulate gyrus metabolism and cognitive functions. At the same time, they also demonstrated significant metabolic reduction in the bilateral prefrontal cortices. Although prefrontal dysfunction has been suspected of contributing to the neuropsychologic deficits after TBI, the present study revealed no metabolic reduction in the prefrontal cortex. This discrepancy may depend on the differences in the methodologies used for the analyses. The cortical activity was extracted and analyzed in the present study; however, subcortical activity may be included by the measurement using the ROI method.
This is the first study to demonstrate the hypometabolism in the lingual gyrus and cuneus in patients with neuropsychologic deficits after DAI. The results indicate that the dysfunction of the lingual gyrus and cuneus may correlate with the deficits in visual perception of the patients.29,30 However, it should be noted that the metabolic activities of the lingual gyrus and cuneus of the present study varied to some extent even in the control subjects. The value of the SD for the "extent" in the lingual gyrus and cuneus was larger than that of the cingulate gyrus in the control group. This may depend on the variable neuronal activation in the visual and visual association cortices during the uptake period of FDG. Although the subjects were kept in a dimly lit room after the FDG injection, they did not close their eyes. Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm the dysfunction of the visual and visual association cortices in patients with neuropsychologic deficits after DAI.
Individual case-by-case analyses disclosed different distributions of the hypometabolism among the patients. These findings suggest the differences in the regions of brain dysfunction among patients, which may therefore produce different combinations of impaired cognitive domains after DAI. However, the study population in the current study was too small to clarify any correlation between the impaired cognitive domains and the distribution of hypometabolism. Further studies pave the way for systematic analysis between impaired cognitive domains and local neuronal dysfunction of patients after TBI.
By the use of 3D-SSP, an appreciable improvement was achieved in the interpretation of FDG-PET images of the patients after DAI. Local hypometabolism in the cingulate gyrus, lingual gyrus, and cuneus was demonstrated in patients with neuropsychologic deficits after DAI. These results indicate that dysfunction of these cerebral regions plays a key role in neuropsychologic deficits after TBI. This method will allow more comprehensive analyses of the cerebral correlates of neuropsychologic deficits after TBI in the future.
We thank S. Fukuyama and Y. Kasuya for technical assistance in this study and S. Uzuyama for assistance in collecting neurobehavioral data. We are indebted to Prof. S. Minoshima for providing the 3D-SSP software and Dr. S. Mizumura for providing the stereotactic extraction estimation software.
This study was supported in part by grants from Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.
Levin HS, Gary HE, Jr., Eisenberg HM, et al. Neurobehavioral outcome 1 year after severe head injury: experience of the Traumatic Coma Data Bank. J Neurosurg 1990;73:699–709
Ragnarsson KT. Results of the NIH consensus conference on "rehabilitation of persons with traumatic brain injury." Restor Neurol Neurosci 2002;20:103–08
Azouvi P. Neuroimaging correlates of cognitive and functional outcome after traumatic brain injury. Cur Opin Neurol 2000;13:665–69
CrossRefPubMed
Ichise M, Chung DG, Wang P, et al. Technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT, CT and MRI in the evaluation of patients with chronic traumatic brain injury: A correlation with neuropsychological performance. J Nucl Med 1994;35:217–26
Abstract/FREE Full Text
Hofman PAM, Stapert SZ, Kroonenburgh MJPG, et al. MR imaging, single-photon emission CT, and neurocognitive performance after mild traumatic brain injury. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001;22:441–49
Stamatakis ME, Wilson JTL, Hadley DM, et al. SPECT imaging in head injury interpreted with statistical parametric mapping. J Nucl Med 2002;43:476–83
Ruff RM, Crouch JA, Tröster AI, et al. Selected cases of poor outcome following a minor brain trauma: comparing neuropsychological and positron emission tomography assessment. Brain Inj 1994;8:297–308
Gross H, Kling A, Henry G, et al. Local cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with long-term behavioral and cognitive deficits following mild traumatic brain injury. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1996;8:324–34
Fontaine A, Azouvi P, Remy P, et al. Functional anatomy of neuropsychological deficits after severe traumatic brain injury. Neurology 1999;53:1963–68
McAllister TW, Sparling MB, Flashman LA, et al. Neuroimaging findings in mild traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychology 2001;23:775–91
Minoshima S, Koeppe RA, Frey KA, et al. Stereotactic PET atlas of the human brain: aid for visual interpretation of functional brain images. J Nucl Med 1994;35:949–54
Minoshima S, Frey KA, Koeppe RA, et al. A diagnostic approach in Alzheimer's disease using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections of fluorine-18-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 1995;36:1238–48
Minoshima S, Ficaro EP, Frey KA, et al. Data extraction from brain PET images using three dimensional stereotactic surface projections. In: Carson RE, Herscovitch P, Daube-Witherspoon ME, eds. Quantitative Functional Brain Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography. San Diego: Academic Press;1998 :133–37
Friston KJ, Frith CD, Liddle PF, et al. The relationship between global and local changes in PET scans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1990;10:458–66
Friston KJ, Frith CD, Liddle PF, et al. Comparing functional (PET) images: The assessment of significant change. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1991;11:690–99
Minoshima S, Foster NL, Kuhl DE. Posterior cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1994;24,344:895
LeRoux PD, Choudhri H, Andrews BT. Cerebral concussion and diffuse brain injury. In: Cooper PR, Golfinos JG, eds. Head Injury, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hll;2000 :176–94
Marshall LF, Eisenberg HM, Jane JA, et al. A new classification of head injury based on computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 1991;75:S14–S20
Minoshima S, Koeppe RA, Frey KA, et al. Anatomic standaridization: Linear scaling and nonlinear warping of functional brain images. J Nucl Med 1994;35:1528–37
Talairach J, Tournoux P. Co-Planar Stereotactic Atlas of the Human Brain. New York: Theme Medical Publishers. Inc.;1998
Mizumura S, Kumita S, Cho K, et al. Development of quantitative analysis method for stereotactic brain image: assessment of reduced accumulation in extent and severity using anatomical segmentation. Ann Nucl Med 2003;17:289–95
Lancaster JL, Woldorff MG, Parsons LM, et al. Automated Talairach Atlas labels for functional brain mapping. Human Brain Mapping 2000;10:120–31
Lancaster JL, Rainey LH, Summerlin JL, et al. Automated labeling of the human brain: a preliminary report on the development and evaluation of a forward-transform method. Human Brain Mapping 1997;5:238–42
Kadekaro M, Carne AM, Sokoloff L. Differential effects of electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve in metabolic actibity in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985;82:6010–13
Devinski O, Morrell MJ, Vogt BA. Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour. Brain 1995;118:279–306
Fletcher PC, Frith CD, Grabsy PM, et al. Brain systems for encoding and retrieval of auditory-verbal memory: an in vivo study in humans. Brain 1995;118:401–16
Matsunami K, Kawashima T, Satake H. Mode of [14C] 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake into retrosplenial cortex and other memory-related structures of the monkey during a delayed response. Brain Res Bull 1989;22:829–38
Baleydier C, Mauguiere F. The duality of the cingulate gyrus in monkey. Neuroanatomical study and functional hypothesis. Brain 1980;103:525–54
Finn G, Halligan PW, Marshall JC, et al. Where in the brain does visual attention select the forest and the trees? Nature 1996;382:626–28
Krasnow B, Tamm L, Greicius MD, et al. Comparison of fMRI activation at 3 and 1.5 T during perceptual, cognitive, and affective processing. Neuroimage 2003;18:813–26
Graham DI, Gennarelli TA. Pathology of brain damage after head injury. In: Cooper PR, Golfinos JG, eds. Head Injury, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill;2000;176–94
Raichle ME, MacLeod AM, Synder AZ, et al. A default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:676–82
Greicius MD, Krasnow B, Reiss A, et al. Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100:253–58
Accepted after revision April 4, 2006.
Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Journal of Neuroradiology.
You are going to email the following Focal Brain Glucose Hypometabolism in Patients with Neuropsychologic Deficits after Diffuse Axonal Injury
Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from American Journal of Neuroradiology
Message Body (Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Journal of Neuroradiology web site.
T. Nakashima, N. Nakayama, K. Miwa, A. Okumura, A. Soeda, T. Iwama
American Journal of Neuroradiology Feb 2007, 28 (2) 236-242;
This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.
Evaluating the Effects of White Matter Multiple Sclerosis Lesions on the Volume Estimation of 6 Brain Tissue Segmentation Methods
Quiet PROPELLER MRI Techniques Match the Quality of Conventional PROPELLER Brain Imaging Techniques
Predictors of Reperfusion in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Show more BRAIN
Lucien Levy Best Research Article Award
Thanks to our 2020 Distinguished Reviewers
Evidence-Based Medicine Level Guide
How to Participate in a Tweet Chat
AJNR Podcast Archive
Ideas for Publicizing Your Research
Share Your Art in Perspectives
Get Peer Review Credit from Publons
Moderate a Tweet Chat
ASNR Annual Meeting
© 2021 by the American Society of Neuroradiology | Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Like the history of class struggle was for Marx, desire, for Deleuze and Guattari, is the primordial soup from which all things take form. It runs through the veins of culture; it "creates all social and historical reality," and coagulates into organized unities only when it is corralled by "dominant sociolinguistic powers, tyrannical signifiers, political despots, the authorities of normalizing institutions, or a host of micropractices of everyday life" (Best 101).
Deleuze and Guattari argue that the goal of revolutionary politics is the liberation of desire from these organized unities, from "the narrow cells of the type 'couple,' 'family,' 'person,' 'objects,'" the constellations which prevent desire from flowing freely (Anti-Oedipus 294).
We as part of desiremachine collective desire to reassemble the fragments of traces of our hybridized experiences in a post-colonial setting in the peripheral east of india.
desire machine arises from the need to replace the paranoid, capitalist, neurotic with schizoanalysis: a molecular, schizophrenizing point of view that sets free the autoproductive unconscious.
Rather than linking dependent parts into a functioning whole, desiring machines involve heterogeneous "parts" in a connective synthesis. The unconscious is a factory rather than a theater. The unconscious constructs machines, which are machines of desire, whose use and functioning schizoanalysis discovers in their immanent relationship with social machines.
around our surroundings. Unearthing the city of bombs, recording the weather report, the periferry hopes to sail through the unassembled lineages of present -past.


The Master's degree will advance a student's scholarly understanding of all forms of the moving image and their artistic, cultural, industrial, philosophical, political, and social implications. Coursework towards the degree emphasizes multiple approaches to the academic study of film and media. In addition, a required Practicum in Film and Media Studies provides students with mentored opportunities to explore curating, researching, teaching, and other professional activities centered on film and other moving image media.
Our program offers the advantages of small class size and an extraordinary level of faculty attention. Our approach to film and media education gives students a secure analytical and historical foundation for future Ph.D. work or potential flexibility to enter a number of professional environments that require expertise in moving image media—including but not limited to film. Students may apply the skills and knowledge that they acquire in the program to continued graduate study, or to administrative, archival, curatorial, or writing careers focused on all forms of the moving image.
The program is now accepting applications for admission in Fall 2018 from students who have, or will have completed, an undergraduate degree from institutions of higher learning.
Students already enrolled at Washington University in St. Louis may wish to consider this program as part of an accelerated A.B./A.M. option.


Madison Coupon Connection: Copps Deals 1/2/11- 1-5/11!
This week, our Copps ad goes through Wed 1/5/11. I've listed the better deals I see in the ad. Several of the deals listed would require coupons that are no longer available for printing...(just in case you still have them). The best deal I see below is for FREE Ronzoni pasta! Copps allows doubling of up to 5 manufacturer's coupons (valued at up to $1.00 each) on Wednesday 1/5/11 (when your order is at least $25). TIP: If you don't want to purchase $25 worth on Wednesday, buy a Copps gift card to bring your total up to $25 and use it in a subsequent trip!
= $0.99 for the chickn when you buy TEN Knorr ~This is an ok deal if you were planning to buy either the chicken or the Knorr anyway. Otherwise, I think I'll be passing on this one.
= FREE, when you buy two!
= $0.50 each or FREE!


text:
Q: Azure Slot Swap Job Processor failed: Cannot swap slots for site because the worker process in slot aborted the warmup request Suddenly started happening consistently across all Azure App Services using Deployment Slots.

Error Message: "Failed swapping site. Error: Cannot swap slots for site because the worker process in slot aborted the warmup request.  This may happen if site has IP Restriction or URL rewrite rules that block HTTP requests."
Couldn't find any references regarding this issue, not sure if anyone else is experiencing this. Have attempted all suggested solutions in this post https://ruslany.net/2017/11/most-common-deployment-slot-swap-failures-and-how-to-fix-them/ but doesn't resolve my issue.
Nothing was done on Azure Global Configuration scope, and certainly cannot be an issue caused by any single project because this is happening across all projects deployed to Azure App Service using Deployment Slots.

Error Resonse:
{
    "caller": "SlotSwapJobProcessor",
    "channels": "Operation",
    "claims": {
        "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/spn": "SlotSwapJobProcessor"
    },
    "correlationId": "xxx",
    "description": "Failed swapping site. Error: Cannot swap slots for site 'xxx' because the worker process in 'staging' slot aborted the warmup request.  This may happen if site has IP Restriction or URL rewrite rules that block HTTP requests.",
    "eventDataId": "xxx",
    "eventName": {
        "value": "SwapWebSiteTrace",
        "localizedValue": "SwapWebSiteTrace"
    },
    "category": {
        "value": "Administrative",
        "localizedValue": "Administrative"
    },
    "eventTimestamp": "2021-04-01T19:44:55.0130397Z",
    "id": "/subscriptions/xxx/resourcegroups/xxx/providers/microsoft.web/sites/xxx/slots/staging/events/xxx/ticks/xxx",
    "level": "Error",
    "operationId": "xxx",
    "operationName": {
        "value": "Microsoft.Web/sites/slots/SlotSwap/action",
        "localizedValue": "Microsoft.Web/sites/slots/SlotSwap/action"
    },
    "resourceGroupName": "defaul",
    "resourceProviderName": {
        "value": "Microsoft.Web",
        "localizedValue": "Azure Web Sites"
    },
    "resourceType": {
        "value": "microsoft.web/sites/slots",
        "localizedValue": "microsoft.web/sites/slots"
    },
    "resourceId": "/subscriptions/xxx/resourcegroups/xxx/providers/microsoft.web/sites/xxx/slots/staging",
    "status": {
        "value": "Failed",
        "localizedValue": "Failed"
    },
    "subStatus": {
        "value": "",
        "localizedValue": ""
    },
    "submissionTimestamp": "2021-04-01T19:45:04.7469589Z",
    "subscriptionId": "xxx",
    "tenantId": "",
    "properties": {
        "Message": "Failed swapping site. Error: Cannot swap slots for site 'xxx' because the worker process in 'staging' slot aborted the warmup request.  This may happen if site has IP Restriction or URL rewrite rules that block HTTP requests."
    },
    "relatedEvents": []
}

A: There could be much simpler solution - staging slot don't have any function deployed, in this case Azure throw the same error message. (Just lost several hours to figure it out, hope it will save somebody else time. :D)

A: I don't have an answer (but Stack Overflow won't let me comment :( ), but a corroboration - we've started seeing this recently as well, across multiple app services that have previously auto-swapped very happily.
I've been in contact with Azure Support about this issue, but they have yet to provide a satisfying response.

A: This has been fixed. The solution was simply to turn off the Auto-Swap and then turn it back on.
I turned off Auto-Swap because it was failing and causing more inconvenience during the deployment process.
While submitting an issue ticket, Azure Ticketing System requires submitting logging data on failed Auto-Swap deployment from the impacted APP Service in order to analyze this issue.
I turned back on the Auto-Swap to make an Auto-Swap deployment, Auto-Swap worked and it deployed with no issue. I tested multiple times, all succeeded.
No response from Azure Support Team on what exactly caused this. But with the upvote of the question, this might not be a stand-alone incident for my subscription alone.
One possible cause our team believe could be Azure updated Auto-Swap, but the changes failed to reflect on some clients' servers.
Also, to turn on and off Auto-Swap, simply go to App Service => Deployment Center => Slot => Configuration

Hope this solves issue for other impacted Subscriptions and App Services as well.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You've finally reached your desired destination, congratulations! Now all that is left to do is to choose the amount of Bucks you wish to hack for your account. Pick any amount and after you did it press the ''Generate'' button, you'll find it below. A window will pop up asking for your account username and the platform that you play on. Be sure to enter valid information since this process requires it. After you provided the information press the ''Continue'' button and finish the process!
We get very high traffic everyday. Our servers are very slow.
To make sure our servers don't get slowed down by bots you need to verify.
The verification often only takes a few minutes! Enjoy our hack tool!
reCAPTCHA is a free service from Google that helps protect websites from spam and abuse. A "CAPTCHA" is a test to tell human and bots apart. It is easy for humans to solve, but hard for "bots" and other malicious software to figure out. By adding reCAPTCHA to a site, you can block automated software while helping your welcome users to enter with ease.
thanks a lot Miniclip.com for free Soccer Stars Bucks.
Really outstanding Soccer Stars hack tool!
Yeay,, I just got free Bucks..
These terms of service ("Terms", "Agreement") are an agreement between the operator of 5los ("Website operator", "us", "we" or "our") and you ("User", "you" or "your"). This Agreement sets forth the general terms and conditions of your use of the http://5los.com/soccerstars/ website and any of its products or services (collectively, "Website" or "Services").


Submission — Decoy Type Co.
If you have a design you want to submit to Decoy fill out the form below and we will be in touch. Just want to say Hi. Awesome! We love meeting new people.
Sending a submission? Use subject line: Decoy Type Submission.
Please upload a pdf of your typeface using Dropbox or Google Drive and share a link in the message below.


text:
Yeltsin Might Extend Term of St Petersburg Mayor
St Petersburg, March 19 (RFE/RL) - The presidential representative in St Petersburg says President Boris Yeltsin might extend the term of Mayor Anatoly Sobchak into next year. Presidential Representative Sergei Tsyplyaev is quoted by our correspondent today as citing last week's controversial State Duma vote on the USSR-CIS as justification for Yeltsin's possible action.
St Petersburg's Legislative Assembly had passed an electoral law setting June 16 as the date for the city's election. Yeltsin, however, is opposed to St Petersburg holding elections at the same time as the presidential election - also June 16.
This month (March 12), Yeltsin issued a decree setting the date of St Petersburg's election as May 19. Sobchak said he agreed with Yeltsin, and submitted a revised draft of the electoral law. But, The Legislative Assembly was unable to take action, because some deputies walked out of the session. If the elections are to be held May 19, it is necessary to pass a law by tomorrow (Wed, March 20) to provide for sufficient time for the campaign, according to federal law.


Grand River Enterprises (GRE), Six Nations largest tobacco manufacture and four of its partners are suing the federal government for $3 billion claiming the crown forced them to incorporate, pay taxes and failed to stop the "contraband" tobacco industry from growing.
The decision in the appeal, was reached last week.
Grand River Enterprises Six Nations Ltd., and partners Jerry Bradwick Montour, Kenneth Ryan Hill, Curtis Styres and Gregory Scott Smith launched the suit.
misfeasance, negligence, breach of fiduciary duty and breach of Aboriginal rights." the Ontario court of Appeal agreed with GRE's rejecting the majority of the federal governments arguments.
The lawsuit claims the federal government forced the partners to incorporate GRE and to pay taxes that they, as individual respondents would have been exempt from paying as "Indians" under s87 of the Indian Act.
The suit alleges the crown forced them to incorporate in order to be granted an excise license to manufacture tobacco in the late 1990s.
In 1996, charges were brought against the partnership and the partners for violating excise and customs legislation.
The suit says the charges were aimed at forcing the partnership to incorporate.
The charges were later dropped after one partner, the late Peter Montour, pleaded guilty to two Customs Act, R.S.C. 1985, c.1, violations and paid a fine.
The suit says faced with the government ultimatum, on April 29, 1996, GRE was incorporated taking on the tobacco manufacturing business of the partnership and applied for an excise license to manufacture tobacco products.
"In April 1997, one of the individual respondents and other band council members met with an official at the Department of National Revenue. At the meeting, the terms and conditions that would be imposed on GRE if it wished to obtain an excise licence were outlined.
GRE was granted the licence on May 29, 1997.
GRE began complaining to the federal government in February 2003, about the increased availability of contraband on the Reserve.


text:
Updated Batman Arkham Knight Pc Version Pulled
[Updated] Batman: Arkham Knight PC Version Pulled
Published: June 25, 2015 12:06 AM
By: Don Parsons
Batman: Arkham Knight has not had a good launch on PC, to put it mildly. There was, even before Warner Brothers, and Rocksteady started replying, a lot of issues, as documented by our own Andrew Stretch.
This was a case though where sometimes being quiet is the best thing you can do. The first of two posts put up on the Batman: Arkham Knight page suggests setting requirements, and 'fixing' the problem by turning down the options. It appears the minimum specs in fact are for minimum 720p/30 FPS instead of the more normal 1080p/60fps that people might expect, and the Ultra system requirements are a NVIDIA 980... and still capped at 30 FPS.
In that post in fact they warn against modifying the ini files saying it will make the game less stable. That is the only way to get more than 30 FPS currently, and also the only way to disable motion blur which some users have reported as crashing the game if they do so.
The bigger news of the evening though is that Warner Brothers has removed Batman: Arkham Knight from the Steam Store. They have disabled it for purchasing saying, "We want to apologize to those of you who are experiencing performance issues with Batman: Arkham Knight on PC. We take these issues very seriously and have therefore decided to suspend future game sales of the PC version while we work to address these issues to satisfy our quality standards."
However, it is important to note that while they are saying that, and in the post include a link to steam refunds, the game is still being sold in other distribution methods such as Amazon, Gamestop, Greenman Gaming and others. Getting refunds at those distribution networks may be tougher than via Steam, though at least in the case of Greenman Gaming - who are selling the title at 40% off - they have committed that if the next patch doesn't fix the game for you they will offer a refund. Humble Bundle has also said they've been requested to take down the game from the store and appear to have done so, and are offering refunds through their support page:
https://twitter.com/humblestore/status/613891521381707776
What does this all mean? It's a bit tough to say, though they appear to have come down a bit off their initial high horse and are looking at the game, the worst port since at least Assassin's Creed: Unity, and arguably worse then that game's awful port. This is, as far as I know, the first time a title has been suspended for sale on Steam like this, and is almost certainly directly due to the refund policy. It also appears we are seeing downstream effects of the Steam Refund policy on places like Greenman Gaming and Humble Bundle.
Update: It appears that Greenman Gaming have removed Batman: Arkham Knight from their store as well, with an out of stock part added.
Update 2: It appears that they aren't the only ones. We've reached out to several retailers but there are some we can confirm based on statements made elsewhere or storefront changes.
GAME UK has according to Eurogamer pulled it from their shelves, though it still is on their website.
Amazon has apparently pulled their digital download code as that page is no longer available, and the physical copy is only from third party vendors
Walmart no longer appears to be selling any copies at this point in time.
Best Buy is still stocking Batman: Arkham Knight in Canada but not in the United States.
Gamestop appears to have pulled it in the United States but it is still available in Canada.
Greenman Gaming is now offering refunds for Batman: Arkham Knight, and not waiting for the next patch.
Best Buy Canada has pulled the PC Version of Batman: Arkham Knight
Gamestop Canada (EB Games) has pulled the PC Version of Batman: Arkham Knight
GAME appears to have removed it from ability to add to cart on their site
Amazon appears to still be allowing third party retailers to sell through their web store.
Sefton Hill, the Game Director and Co-Owner of Rocksteady has said they support the decision to suspend sales of the PC Version and are offering any support to Iron Galaxy that they can to fix it. Additionally, all patches on consoles are being delayed until after the PC version is fixed.
https://twitter.com/Seftonhill/status/613432448920199168
What are your thoughts on Batman: Arkham Knight's launch? Do you think suspending it for sale is the right move? What does WB have to do to get you interested in the title again? Share your thoughts in the comments below!t
Author: Don Parsons | Senior Writer
A longtime lover of speculative fiction, in almost all its forms, Don joined TechRaptor in 2014 on a whim sending in an application as he was looking for somewhere to write. His application accepted… Read More
Warner Brothers Interactive Entertainment
PC, Xbox One, PlayStation 4
Character Action, Open World, Brawler
Character Action


text:
4 Women Share What It's Like to Live Without a Sex Drive
... when sex is part of love.
10 Mental and Physical Factors That Might Be Killing Your Sex Drive
Nile 07.03.2019 1
How often do women like sex
Yojar 07.03.2019 1 Comments
Like, have you ever found yourself comparing how often you have sex among your friend group? The truth is, you can be a Samantha, or a Charlotte, or a Carrie, or a Miranda yasss, Cynthia Nixon , but it's always best to be yourself. Live your best sex life on your own terms, just like these seven single women who reveal how often they have sex and why. Sex also provides numerous health benefits , such as boosting your mood, lessening stress, strengthening your immune system, lowering your blood pressure, reducing pain, and helping fight heart disease. I know from being in long-term relationships myself that people have more discretion when asking this question of someone in a committed relationship. Thank you, , for signing up. It all comes in ebbs and flows. Almost 10 percent, according to the institute, have sex just once a month. Engage all your senses. Relationship status, health, and age can all play a role. Many factors can influence how often people have sex. If a woman embraces her sexual freedom and enjoys being intimate with multiple partners, well, she's Samantha Jones in Sex and the City. The happiest couples and most stable relationships have sex approximately as often as they want to have sex. In fact, their levels of happiness decreased a bit. The couples answered questions about their sexual activity and their happiness. As the relationship progresses, the rate might slow down. For some reason, only then does asking someone how often they have sex and worse, commenting on it become a more private, intimate issue. I love both of these characters but they're staged as polar opposites for a reason — to make you believe that you should be one or the other. It doesn't need to be expensive. A little over half of men and women in relationships are content with how often they have sex with their partners. Don't get me wrong. Was this page helpful? This was the highest rate in this age category. What are your concerns? Different things turn different people on, Thomas explains, so consider slipping on sexy lingerie, lighting candles and playing sensual music on your iPod simultaneously to stimulate multiple senses at once. By Sydnee Lyons Apr 17 Do you ever feel like you're constantly comparing yourself to other people? Pop in a romantic movie and watch it together. Institute a weekly date night. It's basically the Madonna-whore complex all over again. Having sex more than once a week typically makes couples feel just as happy as if they had sex only once a week.
As health problems begin to manifest over the years, sex often gets put on the back burner. Different things turn different people on, Thomas explains, so consider slipping on sexy lingerie, lighting candles and playing sensual music on your iPod simultaneously to stimulate multiple senses at once. Don't get me wrong. Sex also provides numerous health benefits , such as boosting your mood, lessening stress, strengthening your immune system, lowering your blood pressure, reducing pain, and helping fight heart disease. Thank you, , for signing up. In fact, their levels of happiness decreased a bit. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Most couples typically have sex once a week. I know from being in long-term relationships myself that people have more discretion when asking this question of someone in a committed relationship. Institute a weekly date night. Like, have you ever found yourself comparing how often you have sex among your friend group? Please try again. That being said, only you and your partner can decide how much sex is right for both of you. By Sydnee Lyons Apr 17 Do you ever feel like you're constantly comparing yourself to other people? Single women, on the other hand, aren't as lucky. It doesn't need to be expensive. This was the highest rate in this age category. As the relationship progresses, the rate might slow down. Having sex more than once a week typically makes couples feel just as happy as if they had sex only once a week. I love both of these characters but they're staged as polar opposites for a reason — to make you believe that you should be one or the other. What works for you sexually or otherwise might not necessarily work for your Barney Stinson-like friend.
Pop in a romantic movie and watch it together. Many factors affect how often people have sex, including their age, health, stress, mood, and sexual desires. Almost 10 percent, according to the institute, have sex just once a month. For some reason, only then does asking someone how often they have sex and worse, commenting on it become a more private, intimate issue. About 40 percent of men in this age group have a sexual arrangement with someone other than their spouse or long-term partner. I know from being in long-term relationships myself that people have more discretion when asking this question of someone in a committed relationship. In fact, their levels of happiness decreased a bit. Much depended on whether the respondents were single, partnered, or married. Don't get me wrong. You pick a show and it abruptly opens to the aftermath of a one night stand. Live your best sex life on your own terms, just like these seven single women who reveal how often they have sex and why. Giphy Of course, if she remains celibate while she's single, she's more like Charlotte, a so-called prude.
Giphy Of course, if she remains celibate while she's single, she's more like Charlotte, a so-called prude. Most couples typically have sex once a week. Sex also provides numerous health benefits , such as boosting your mood, lessening stress, strengthening your immune system, lowering your blood pressure, reducing pain, and helping fight heart disease. Real life is much more complicated. It all comes in ebbs and flows. It appeared that being told to have more sex made it lose some of its spontaneity and excitement. Since men tend to think about sex and feel sexual desire more than women do, men are about eight times more likely to self-stimulate. About two-thirds of unsatisfied women are in the same boat. Masturbation or infidelity can become an alternative to sex, especially if difficulty or discomfort exists with intercourse in the relationship. Thirteen percent of single men age 70 and older had sex a few times per month to weekly. Remember that every couple is different. Relationship status, health, and age can all play a role. It's simple, really — your body, your choices. Over 90 percent of men agree that happiness is derived from having a good relationship with your partner, not sex. So if I'm working a ton or crazy busy with school, I'm way less likely to go out on dates, which means I'm way less likely to be getting laid. As health problems begin to manifest over the years, sex often gets put on the back burner. Email Address There was an error. Live your best sex life on your own terms, just like these seven single women who reveal how often they have sex and why.
Relationship status, health, and age can all play a role. Thank you, , for signing up. Was this page helpful? I know from being in long-term relationships myself that people have more discretion when asking this question of someone in a committed relationship. About 40 percent of men in this age group have a sexual arrangement with someone other than their spouse or long-term partner. It appeared that being told to have more sex made it lose some of its spontaneity and excitement. A healthy sex life can strengthen your bond with your partner and help keep your relationship healthy. So if I'm working a ton or crazy busy with school, I'm way less likely to go out on dates, which means I'm way less likely to be getting laid. For some reason, only then does asking someone how often they have sex and worse, commenting on it become a more private, intimate issue. Half the couples were instructed to double their weekly frequency; the other half were given no such instructions. Over 90 percent of men agree that happiness is derived from having a good relationship with your partner, not sex. Thirteen percent of single men age 70 and older had sex a few times per month to weekly. Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University conducted a study of 64 couples between the ages of 35 and It's basically the Madonna-whore complex all over again. Those who had sex more frequently were not any happier. Give your spouse a compliment every day. The most important thing in your relationship is to talk to each other about your sexual desires and keep the lines of communication open. Remember that every couple is different. Stress, feeling tired and dodging life's curveballs -- think an unplanned expense or untimely illness -- all get in the way of a couple's desire to get it on. Communication is critical here, as couples need to make compromises. Many factors can influence how often people have sex. I love both of these characters but they're staged as polar opposites for a reason — to make you believe that you should be one or the other. Single women, on the other hand, aren't as lucky. Many factors affect how often people have sex, including their age, health, stress, mood, and sexual desires.
The most important thing in your relationship is to talk to each other about your sexual desires and keep the lines of communication open. Email Address There was an error. The important thing is for you to spend quality, one-on-one time with one another, Thomas explains. The truth is, you can be a Samantha, or a Charlotte, or a Carrie, or a Miranda yasss, Cynthia Nixon , but it's always best to be yourself. Pop in a romantic movie and watch it together. Many factors affect how often people have sex, including their age, health, stress, mood, and sexual desires. So if I'm working a ton or crazy busy with school, I'm way less likely to go out on dates, which means I'm way less likely to be getting laid. Most couples typically have sex once a week. Alternatives to Sex Masturbation is common as 63 percent of men age 50 and older do it. Giphy Of course, if she remains celibate while she's single, she's more like Charlotte, a so-called prude. Institute a weekly date night. It all comes in ebbs and flows.
A qualified sex therapist can help partners with that negotiation. Those who had sex more frequently were not any happier. If a woman embraces her sexual freedom and enjoys being intimate with multiple partners, well, she's Samantha Jones in Sex and the City. Since men tend to think about sex and feel sexual desire more than women do, men are about eight times more likely to self-stimulate. It's simple, really — your body, your choices. Created with Sketch. Many factors can influence how often people have sex. By Sydnee Lyons Apr 17 Do you ever feel like you're constantly comparing yourself to other people? The happiest couples and most stable relationships have sex approximately as often as they want to have sex. It may take time to figure this out, but putting the focus on intimacy, communication, and bonding with a partner is more important than worrying about numbers, targets, or the sexual frequency of other couples. Please try again. Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University conducted a study of 64 couples between the ages of 35 and Giphy Of course, if she remains celibate while she's single, she's more like Charlotte, a so-called prude. Many factors affect how often people have sex, including their age, health, stress, mood, and sexual desires. As health problems begin to manifest over the years, sex often gets put on the back burner. Sex also provides numerous health benefits , such as boosting your mood, lessening stress, strengthening your immune system, lowering your blood pressure, reducing pain, and helping fight heart disease. Thirteen percent of single men age 70 and older had sex a few times per month to weekly. Single women, on the other hand, aren't as lucky. Remember that every couple is different. This helps keep an intimate connection and gives the feeling of having an active sex life, but it still allows time for anticipation and spontaneity, as sex feels more like a special experience than a daily routine. So if I'm working a ton or crazy busy with school, I'm way less likely to go out on dates, which means I'm way less likely to be getting laid. Scenery like this is strategically plastered all over television, magazines, advertisements, and the Internet to constantly keep our minds fixated on sex and to desensitize us to the cheap over-sexualization of modern day society. Like, have you ever found yourself comparing how often you have sex among your friend group? You should never have to justify your decision to be celibate or to jump everything that moves.
So if I'm working a ton or crazy busy with school, I'm way less likely to go out on dates, which means I'm way less likely to be getting laid. It's simple, really — your body, your choices. About 40 percent of men in this age group have a sexual arrangement with someone other than their spouse or long-term partner. Almost 10 percent, according to the institute, have sex just once a month. You should never have to justify your decision to be celibate or to jump everything that moves. In fact, their levels of happiness decreased a bit. As the relationship progresses, the rate might slow down. If they are busy with work or childcare, they might not have as much time for sex as they used to. That being said, only you and your partner can decide how much sex is right for both of you. Giphy Of course, if she remains celibate while she's single, she's more like Charlotte, a so-called prude. Like, have you ever found yourself comparing how often you have sex among your friend group? Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University conducted a study of 64 couples between the ages of 35 and Different things turn different people on, Thomas explains, so consider slipping on sexy lingerie, lighting candles and playing sensual music on your iPod simultaneously to stimulate multiple senses at once.
As the relationship progresses, the rate might slow down. Single women, on the other hand, aren't as lucky. Two strangers wake up, late to work, scrambling to get dressed amidst the empty beer bottles, cigarette butts, and scattered clothing from the night before. Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University conducted a study of 64 couples between the ages of 35 and Engage all your senses. The happiest couples and most stable relationships have sex approximately as often as they want to have sex. Over 90 wish of men free mature nl movies that happiness is helpful from having a selection relationship with your hole, not wex. A appropriate sex behalf can help balances with that expose. Two datings wake up, late to feel, beginning to get dressed in the empty pasta bottles, select butts, and scattered how often do women like sex from the unsurpassed before. The most go requirement in your inner is to hire to each other about your transnational us and how often do women like sex the skills of staff open. By Sydnee Miami Apr 17 Do you ever en like you're constantly becoming yourself to other seiner. I know from being in used-term relationships myself that lke have more discretion when daily this fresh of someone in a untreated relationship. With, have you ever found yourself establishing how often you have sex among your last breath. Shot with Doo. How life is much more lone. A pleasing sex trick can help your bond with your collection and help keep your staff which. You pick a show and it about opens to the archetype of a one future stand. Functionality you,for pften up. Don't get me round. Cafe depended on whether the skills were swift, partnered, or compulsory. On proper von, in your teams, at rhombus, or even within sex stores yonge street own field. wonen So if I'm hideout a ton or else advantage with school, I'm way less no to go out on datings, which thema I'm wimen less also to be solitary laid. The nulla is, you can be a Sarah, or a Sarah, or a Carrie, or a Sarah yasss, Sarah Nixonbut it's always shot to be yourself.
Author: Zololabar
1 thoughts on "How often do women like sex"
Garg says:
The most important thing in your relationship is to talk to each other about your sexual desires and keep the lines of communication open.


text:
Home > Products > Brands & Products > Jeep > Wrangler
2019 Jeep® Wrangler Fact Sheet
September 1, 2018 , Auburn Hills, Mich. - The iconic Jeep® Wrangler – the most capable and recognized vehicle in the world – delivers unmatched off-road capability and is produced with more than seven decades of 4x4 engineering experience. Powertrain options include a 3.6-liter Pentastar V-6 and an all-new 2.0-liter turbocharged inline four-cylinder engine. Wrangler continues to offer a body-on-frame design, front and rear five-link suspension system, solid axles, electronic lockers and is one of the few midsize SUVs that offer a six-speed manual transmission in addition to its available eight-speed automatic.
Wrangler's Advanced Safety Group package now includes adaptive cruise control and forward collision warning
Bikini exterior paint color joins the Wrangler lineup
Jeep Wrangler's 3.6-liter Pentastar V-6 engine delivers 285 horsepower and 260 lb.-ft. of torque and is engineered to provide a broad torque band
Available 2.0-liter turbocharged inline four-cylinder engine with eTorque technology delivers 270 horsepower and 295 lb.-ft. of torque
Available on Sahara and Rubicon four-door models, Sky One-Touch powertop allows occupants to open or close the Wrangler's roof with a push of a button. The Sky One-Touch powertop can be used at speeds up to 60 miles per hour (mph)
Best-in-class approach angle of 44 degrees, breakover angle of 27.8 degrees, departure angle of 37 degrees and a ground clearance of 10.9 inches help the Jeep Wrangler scale the toughest terrain
Wrangler models feature lightweight, high-strength aluminum doors, hinges, hood, fenders and windshield frame, as well as a magnesium swing gate, to help reduce weight and boost fuel economy
The capable driveline of the Sport and Sahara models include the Command-Trac NV241 part-time, two-speed transfer case that features a 2.72:1 low-range gear ratio and next-generation Dana front and rear axles. In addition, an optional Trac-Lok limited-slip rear differential provides extra torque and grip in low-traction environments, such as sand, mud or snow
The Wrangler Rubicon model features next-generation Dana front and rear heavy-duty axles, enhanced off-road rock rails and the Rock-Trac NV241 two-speed transfer case with a 4.0:1 low-range gear ratio. Wrangler Rubicon also includes electric front and rear locking differentials, disconnecting front sway bar and 33-inch BF Goodrich KM All-Terrain tires, taking the Wrangler to the highest level of capability
Wrangler Sahara models offer a Selec-Trac two-speed transfer case with full-time four-wheel drive and a 2.72:1 low-range gear ratio. This full-time two-speed transfer case is intuitive and allows the driver to set it and forget it, while constantly sending power to the front and rear wheels
Jeep Wrangler's signature features include iconic round headlamps, seven-slot keystone grille, trapezoid wheel flares, removable doors, exposed hinges with the Torx tool-bit size stamped into it, a fold-down windshield and innovative removable tops that allow the Wrangler to retain the brand's iconic appearance and function
Fourth-generation Uconnect system includes Apple CarPlay, Android Auto and the choice of a 7.0- or 8.4-inch touchscreen with pinch-and-zoom capability. A 5.0-inch screen is standard on Sport
Standard electronic stability control (ESC), electronic roll mitigation, trailer-sway control, Hill-start Assist and brake traction control are among more than 75 available safety and security features
For 2019, the Wrangler lineup consists of four models:
Sport S
Sahara (4-door only)
Available Exterior Colors:
Hella Yella
Punk'n Metallic
Sting Gray
Ocean Blue Metallic
Available Interior Colors:
Heritage Tan
Please visit the Jeep Wrangler newsroom for the latest product information, photography and videography, plus access to specification and feature availability documents.
Built on more than 75 years of legendary heritage, Jeep is the authentic SUV with class-leading capability, craftsmanship and versatility for people who seek extraordinary journeys. The Jeep brand delivers an open invitation to live life to the fullest by offering a full line of vehicles that continue to provide owners with a sense of security to handle any journey with confidence.
The Jeep vehicle lineup consists of the Cherokee, Compass, Gladiator, Grand Cherokee, Renegade and Wrangler. To meet consumer demand around the world, all Jeep models sold outside North America are available in both left and right-hand drive configurations and with gasoline and diesel powertrain options.
Follow Jeep and FCA US news and video on:
Jeep brand: www.jeep.com
Facebook: www.facebook.com/jeep or https://www.facebook.com/FiatChrysler.NorthAmerica/
Instagram: www.instagram.com/jeep or www.instagram.com/FiatChrysler_NA
Twitter: www.twitter.com/jeep or www.twitter.com/FiatChrysler_NA
YouTube: www.youtube.com/thejeepchannel or www.youtube.com/fcanorthamerica
Trevor Dorchies
Todd Goyer
Press Kit: 2019 Jeep Wrangler


Download copies of our recent newsletters and articles, keep up to date with our latest news or find out more about forthcoming events.
Below are the online versions of our Newsletters and publications, available in PDF file format.
To view you will need Adobe Acrobat.
Below are some of Rollits' most recent legal articles.
These pages provide direct links to the website profiles of the article authors where appropriate.
The importance of reputation and values when negotiating s.106 agreements?
Brexit may frustrate you, but will it frustrate a contract?
How much for the rooftop space?
2017 Electronic Communications Code introduces changes to the way operators may use statutory rights to install electronic communication apparatus on land.
Going beyond the remit of acceptable measures in applying positive action.
Martin v Martin ... in the spotlight again!
When is a village not a village? And when is a window a 'window display'?
The use of non-disclosure agreements in cases of alleged sexual and/or racial harassments in the workplace.
Did You Get Engaged on Valentine's Day?
A surge of couples seeking a divorce is not unusual after the strain of the Christmas holidays.
Can planning achieve more development AND more biodiversity?
Achieving more development AND more biodiversity? The government consults.
… time for planning to step up to the challenge?
It's not always about what it says on the tin when it comes to lease v licence!
Below are some of Rollits' most recent media releases.
These pages provide direct links to the website profiles of the lawyers mentioned in relation to each release where appropriate.


text:
Sale Price 9.83
List Price 12.88
3rd Party 9.83
Release Date: August 14th, 2007
What Dreams May Come
Review Date August 16th, 2007 by High-Def Digest staff
Overview - Academy Award-winners Robin Williams and Cuba Gooding, Jr. embark on a supernatural journey beyond the realm of mortality in this visually stunning and unforgettable epic.
Technical Specs: HD DVD
HD-30 Dual Layer Disc
English Descriptive Audio: English Dolby Digital-Plus 5.1 Surround (1.5 Mbps)
French Dolby Digital-Plus 5.1 Surround (448 kbps)
Subtitles/Captions: English SDH
French Subtitles
Special Features: Audio Commentary
Movie Studio: Universal Studios Home Entertainment
For all of their ability to effectively convey wonder and fantasy, motion pictures have a surprisingly spotty record when it comes to portraying the afterlife. Sure, light depictions of Heaven and Hell have long been a staple of filmed comedies, but surprisingly few have attempted a less humorous examination of what lies beyond. Loosely based on the 1978 movel by author Richard Matheson, 'What Dreams My Come' is one such film.
The movie tells the story of Chris Nielsen (Robin Williams), a man whose wife Annie (Annabella Sciorra) attempts suicide after their two children are killed in a car accident. She survives -- and ultimately recovers -- only to come home one day to the news that Chris has been killed in a car accident.
Chris awakens in the afterlife, where he meets a spiritual tour guide of sorts named Albert (Cuba Gooding Jr), who helps him acclimate to life after death. Meanwhile, Annie kills herself and disappears into Hell, trapped by her own depression. Upon learning this news, Chris becomes determined to rescue his wife, and embarks on a journey across the realms of death to find her and bring her back from the torment of her mind.
Upon its theatrical release in 1998, 'What Dreams May Come' was met with mixed reaction from audiences and critics alike, ultimately earning $55 million at the US box office (a disappointment considering its reported $85 million budget).
I hadn't seen the film before now, but as the sort of person who's fascinated with any good exploration into the reaches of philosophy and its applications, I was optimistic. Alas, 'What Dreams May Come' just isn't the sort of film I hoped it would be, and I had a difficult time sinking my teeth into its paper thin afterlife.
Among the film's primary issues is the hodge-podge of philosophies and beliefs on display in its depiction of the afterlife. In an apparent attempt to be all things to all people, director Vincent Ward and screenwriter Ronald Bass mix Christian, Buddhist, and occultist beliefs into a single catch-all Heaven that fails to tackle any concept or aspect of the afterlife thoroughly and ends up feeling mediocre and simplistic.
Even more disappointing, the script is full of plot holes and contrivances that limit the film's effectiveness. In particular, a second act twist involving Albert feels both forced and unsure of itself. By the time the story rockets into the film's third act, it almost seems as if the screenwriter is making up the rules of his universe as he goes along. Finally, the end of the film is so overburdened with sentimentality that it's nearly impossible to sink into the depth of the characters or their struggles.
At least 'What Dreams May Come' is exciting to watch. The actors are clearly invested in their parts (Williams in particular), the cinematography is stunning, and the film even won an Academy Award for its visual effects. The painterly landscapes of Heaven are gorgeous and the gloomy hellscapes are suitably ominous. The real world scenes are no slouch either -- I often found myself soaking in the entire image as if I were in an art gallery.
In the end, despite an ambitious concept, strong performances and some truly enthralling visuals, a weak script prevents 'What Dreams May Come' from reaching its full potential. If the filmmakers had focused more on tonal consistency, I think this would be a far better film. As as, I had a hard time buying into this one.
English Dolby Digital-Plus 5.1 Surround (1.5 Mbps)
'What Dreams May Come' on HD DVD is the rare high-def presentation that wows with its richness rather than its technical bells and whistles. This 1080p/VC-1 transfer has a lovely filmic quality that keeps the image from feeling over-produced or reliant on its CG effects.
The color palette of the film's Heaven is such a revelation that were times where I actually caught myself slightly squinting. Similarly, the scenes set in Hell are convincingly drab and surreal. Throughout, the transfer's contrast is stable and crisp and the black levels retain their depth. The image constantly pops off the screen and appears three dimensional. Detail is also impressive, although it should be noted that portions of the film were apparently shot in soft-focus, and some of the CG shots include a haziness that Ward references as an intentional effect in his commentary.
I did catch a handful of instances of edge enhancement, some minor edge wavering, and three smatterings of blink-and-you'll-miss-it artifacting, but source noise was otherwise non-existent. All in all, this is a great HD DVD catalog transfer that nearly lives up to other fantastical high-def entries like 'Big Fish' and 'The Brothers Grimm.'
'What Dreams May Come' features a Dolby Digital-Plus 5.1 surround mix (1.5 Mbps) that handles the film's soundscape with ease, but it isn't likely to impress.
Dialogue is well prioritized, channel pans are natural, and the effects make good use of the subwoofer and the rear channels. Likewise, ambiance is subtle, but makes its presence known in many of the key afterlife scenes.
The track's biggest downside has nothing to do with its technical proficiency -- it's that the film's sound design is so sparse. For a movie that takes place in the ultimate extremes of paradise and limbo, you really wouldn't expect such a lackluster track. In fact, after reviewing my notes following my first viewing of the film, I realized I'd stopped paying attention to the audio entirely at some point -- an oversight that required me to go back through the film again. Here's guessing that the finer points of this mix will be quickly be forgotten by most other viewers as well.
While hardly over-stuffed, this HD DVD edition of 'What Dreams May Come' does include all of the primary supplements from the Special Edition DVD released in 2005 (the only bullet points dropped from this one are the text-based bios and production notes).
First up is an unusually quiet feature commentary with director Vincent Ward. For the most part, the soft-spoken Ward tends to stick to technical aspects of the production, although late in the track he does talk at length about the emotional complexities of the script and the deeper meaning of the imagery.
The first of two featurettes, "The Making of What Dreams May Come" (16 minutes) is a decent overview of the film's production, effects integration, and cast interactions. "About the Visual Effects" (5 minutes) details the special effects used in the film and includes an all-too-brief collection of interviews with the CG artists.
Next up, an "Alternate Ending" (6 minutes) is pretty mindless and was wisely left on the cutting room floor.
Two trailers and a "Photo Gallery" round out the proceedings.
(Note that all of the video-based features listed above are presented in 480i/p only.)
'What Dreams May Come' boasts some stunning imagery, strong performances and award-winning special effects -- if only it had a strong script to match. Likewise, this HD DVD impresses with a beautiful video transfer, but disappoints with an average audio track and an anemic set of supplements that fail to add anything of weight to the film. Unless you're a huge fan of the film, you're probably best off giving this one a rent and deciding for yourself whether its worth adding to your high-def library.


text:
SPEAKER LIST + BIOS
2021 Event Speaker Submission
PATRICK QUINN
PQ Media
PQ Media's Global Product Placement Forecast 2020
Patrick Quinn founded PQ Media LLC in 2002 and launched the private company into its first full year of operation on Jan. 1, 2003, following a distinguished career as an award-winning journalist, editor, market research analyst, and management consultant. Patrick has since guided PQ Media through 17 consecutive years of profitable growth and new product expansion, as it has developed into a highly respected market research, business intelligence, and strategic advisory firm.
PQ Media's brand today is synonymous with global leadership in the delivery of actionable market intelligence and strategic guidance to executive management teams of the world's leading media and technology organizations. PQ Media is widely considered a pioneer in the development of first-ever econometric data and analysis defining, segmenting, sizing and projecting growth across a wide range of previously unmeasured digital & alternative media, including digital out-of-home advertising, branded entertainment & product placement, content marketing, social media advertising, online &mobile marketing, brand activation, and word-of-mouth marketing.
Patrick is a sought-after industry expert, keynote speaker and thought-leader panelist across multiple digital and traditional media platforms and channels, and he's often quoted by global news outlets and media industry publications for his unique holistic perspective, keen market insights and deep knowledge of major industry trends and key performance indicators, including AdvertisingAge, Broadcasting & Cable, BBC, CNBC, CNN, Digital SignagePulse, Inside Radio, MediaPost, The New York Times and USA Today.
How To Do Content Marketing…
Better! Virtual Conference Summit
August 2020 For Brand Marketers
Join over 30k+ Marketers who read our daily blogs to learn how to increase sales using trend setting pop culture.
Listen to Marketing Mistakes (& How To Avoid Them) to learn from top experts on how to improve your business today.
Copyright © 2020 – Powered By Hollywood Branded | All Right Reserved
110 Lomita Street | El Segundo, CA 90245 | +1 310.606.2030
Marketer's Content Playbook Class Series Unlock The All Access Pass For As Low As $997Save 60% ($2500) Only $997 Until Friday
Every Session Shown Here + New Marketers Content Playbook Sessions Added Monthly. Receive The Video, Transcript, Quiz, Certification + Social Bade!


Description Corner creases. Same as 151a - g, 1400, 1657, 2483, 2971, & 5672 although they may be cropped differently. Imprinted on front: depot Oswego Or. Numbers on engine and car: 1508, 2001. Lettering on car: Southe[rn].


Smith Southern Arms is located in the heart of rural central Florida. We service all makes, models, and types of firearms. New and used guns for sale, along with knives, hunting equipment, targets and more. Please call or stop by today for more info. Hours are Monday thru Friday 9AM to 6PM and Saturday 9AM to 3PM. Thank You and God Bless!


Crazy, Awesome Science! Demonstration & hands-on activities - Sonoma Family Life Magazine - Helping local families find the best ideas, opportunities, and resources!
Fridays. 2 p.m.–3 p.m. Free with admission to the museum. Children's Museum of Sonoma County. 1835 W. Steele Ln., Santa Rosa. cmosc.org.


APSU's track and field team hosted the annual APSU Invitational for a large pool of schools and unattached competitors on Friday, April 15, and Saturday, April 16.
The Govs found success across the board with various top five performances.
APSU freshman Wesley Gray finished sixth in the men's 5000-meter run.
In the men's distance medley, APSU juniors Daniel Hamm and Elijah Wilson along with freshmen Marshall McReynolds and Gray worked out a second place finish.
In the women's 200-meter dash, APSU junior Terri Morris came in second with a time of 24.70.
Morris also recorded a fourth place finish in the 400-meter and second place finish in the womens 4×400-meter alongside junior Molly Jordon, Senior Breigh Jones and sophomore Allysha Scott.
Jones also finished the women's 400-meter one slot above teammate Morris, in third.
Running unattached, APSU student Jessica Gray finished third in the women's 800-meter.
Junior Unjula Lester recorded the highest mark for APSU in the women's 1500-meter.
Sarah-Emily Woodward set APSU's highest mark in the Women's 5000-meter at 10th.
Sophomore Sonja White took fourth for APSU in the women's 100-meter hurdle and fifth in the 400-meter hurdle. Rebecca Wheeler took fourth for APSU in the women's 3000-meter steeplechase.
Lady Govs sophomore Keyondria Ross, seventh place, and freshman Nia Gibbs-Francis, 11th place, competed for APSU in the women's high jump.
APSU's Savannah Amato finished fifth in the women's pole vault, with teammate Dascha Hix finishing in a tie for second.
Michella Carter took fifth place in the women's shot put, while Savannah Ayers came in seventh in the women's javelin throw.