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text:
The Appetite for Revenge and Murder in Translation :Japanese Mystery Novels and their Social Media Savvy Indonesian Readers
The Appetite for Revenge and Murder in Translation ―― Japanese Mystery Novels and their Social Media Savvy Indonesian Readers
Indah Santi PRATIDINA
DOI : https://doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2020.11.1.101
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The Journal of Japanese Language Literature Studies > Volume 11(1); 2020 > Article
Border Crossings: The Journal of Japanese-Language Literature Studies 2020;11(1): 101-134.
doi: https://doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2020.11.1.101
Non-permanent Lecturer, Department of Communication, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Indonesia
インダ·サンティ·プラティディナ
(インドネシア)インドネシア大学社会政治学部コミュニケーション学科講師。
Correspondence Indah Santi PRATIDINA ,Email: ispdina@ui.ac.id
Published online: 30 December 2020.
Copyright ©2022 The Global Institute for Japanese Studies, Korea University
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The high volume of published translations of Japanese mystery novels in Indonesia poses questions about Indonesian publishers' aims in relation to their readers' appetite for the genre. The translation of Girls in the Dark by Rikako Akiyoshi has been reprinted 14 times (October 2019) while that of Confessions by Kanae Minato has been six times (May 2020). In the functionalist approach to translation, translators take account of the importance of having optimal communicative effects on the target audience. In this light, this study sheds light on the consumption, interpretive and creative practices of the readers of these translations, and on how they share their thoughts via their own social media platforms, through the conceptual framework of the active audience and of participatory culture. The study employs a digital ethnography approach in its data collection, and interviews with translators, readers and others for data confirmation. It aims to explore readers' construction of a perspective on translated texts in the context of publishers' intentions, through observation of the social media posts and uploads of all concerned. The findings show that such readers are primarily young females who are savvy social media users who identify themselves as content creators. Most are book community members and not necessarily obsessive about Japanese popular culture. They display awareness of the social critiques within these stories, particularly in relation to the family and mother-child relationships, which is parallel to publishers' framing.
Keywords: Translation, Japanese Mystery Novels, Indonesia, Readers, Social Media
キ―ワ―ド: 翻訳, 日本ミステリー小説, インドネシア, 読者, ソーシャル·メディア

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Tag: American chestnut
Roadside markers
What is there to say about an outing where the camera batteries failed after the first few shots, and most of the best sightings went unrecorded? Well, everything, of course. That's the trouble.
Chicory sprouts from an old leather shoe that stayed behind on the highwayside to gather moss. Where toes of some Sunday Christian used to fit, a splay of coffee-flavored roots. In place of the leg, the sex, and so on: pale blue suns.
What is an osprey doing here in breeding season, far from a lake or river, circling in the heat and haze above the small city, between the dry hills the locals call mountains because they have never travelled anywhere else?
We follow a front loader into the state forest, chafing at the slowness. Is it going our way? It is annihilating our way. They're working on the bridge. The foreman says, People have been moving the Road Closed signs and driving through, but they've been doing so at their own risk. Is there any risk? I ask. No, he says. We'll be out of here by late afternoon.
We stop for red raspberries and find beside the road the uncommonest looking bee-fly we've ever seen performing sexual favors for common milkweed. It's hunchbacked and lobster-tailed, and it hovers just like a hummingbird moth — a mimic of a mimic. Later, I look it up online: Lepidophora. It doesn't stay at one flower for more than a few seconds, but keeps circling the globe-shaped flower cluster, and buzzing from globe to globe.
Picking berries into a pail feels like work. Eating berries out of the pail feels illicit. Eating berries straight from the bush or the cane feels natural and liberating, but maybe a little wrong — like shitting in the woods.
These forest roads seem to go on forever, and they almost do. Mostly unpaved, without lines, speed limit signs, or mile markers, they follow the contours of the land as closely as a hand carressing a body, up and down and around. But they are far from innocent, I realize. What the hell is all this crownvetch doing here in the middle of the forest, I shout. The ecological effects of a road can extend for up to a mile on either side of it, L. points out. The leaf duff will be thin, dried out, and full of weed seeds for a hundred yards in.
The roadside forest gaps open and drops away: an official overlook, complete with graffiti, broken beer bottles, and shotgun shells. We are drawn not to the officially scenic view of shapely, green ridges air-brushed by haze, but to the freakish tree in the clearing, right below the precipice: a cluster of 15-foot stems, each topped with a yellow mop-head of fuzzy yellow pencils, aswarm with insects. What is that? Some new invasive species? asks my beetle-collecting brother. I look at the leaves and the bark. It's an American chestnut! And there are two more blooming within fifty feet of it! Look at all the Cerambycidae, Steve says. I have NEVER seen beetles swarm like that, not even in the tropics. And he's spent plenty of time in the tropics, too: in Taiwan, the Philippines, south India, Sri Lanka, and Central America. We're now about 35 miles from home — and 80 years since the time when these ridgetop forests were thick with chestnut trees, before the blight came through. Such a loss, such a rent in the web of life here. My god.
The road turns bad. Steve gets out and walks in front, helping to spot especially dangerous-looking rocks and potholes. I sit in the backseat, craning my neck while L. pilots a zig-zag course. We're driving a Beetle. At least it's narrow enough to fit between the rocks, L. says.
Back on the good roads, we enter a stretch where the trees have been defoliated by gypsy moth caterpillars, and are just leafing out for the second time. It might seem like spring if it weren't so hot and humid.
Dead porcupines start appearing in the road, in various stages of decomposition. In the space of three miles we count seven of them. It's eerie.
When we reach our destination — a well-known spot for lowbush blueberries at a high point in the Seven Mountains — we find the patch already picked almost clean. Or perhaps pollination was inhibited at this elevation by all the cold weather in May; we can't decide. We share this artificial bald with radio, cellphone, and microwave towers, and a generator humming loudly in a locked shed. The old firetower still stands, but the bottom 25 steps have been removed to keep people from climbing up it, which was always something to look forward to on state forest hikes when I was a kid. It turned out that wildfires in the eastern forest are naturally rare and easy to control — nothing like the out-of-control infernos of the late 19th century, when these forests were all clearcut at the same time. Now the old firetowers stand like lighthouses on a shore where the ocean has receded out of sight.
On the way back, we stop at a lonely spot on top of a broad ridge. This gravel road was once a throughway of sorts, and someone named Keith built a small stone cistern here for watering horses. Water gushes out of a pipe and into the roadside ditch, and we fill up our water bottles with it, exclaiming over its taste and likely purity. I find myself reluctant to take too close a look in the rectangular cistern where the pipe originates. It's dark with rotting leaves, and is just large enough to accommodate a body, stretched out in a position of repose.
Peering between the front seats, I spot a bear-shaped stump beside the road. It moves; we stop. It's a small bear, no more than two winters old, and probably only driven off by its mother a few weeks ago. A stone's throw from the road it stops running and appears to forget all about us, which is always a useful and instructive experience for a modern human. Running in this kind of humid heat can't be pleasant for a bear, even one so small. We watch as it ambles along, flipping rocks, digging into rotten logs and nosing about, heading back the way we came. We keep it in sight as long as we can, driving slowly backwards through the hills of central Pennsylvania.
Posted on August 28, 2007 September 23, 2012 by Dave Bonta
New life from an old chestnut
One morning this past May, on the second of our two annual point counts for the Bald Eagle Ridge Important Bird Area, I was pleased to run across a couple of these brown, porcupiney things in the middle of our Laurel Ridge Trail. American chestnut husks! We looked around for the tree of origin, but we were in a hurry, and I had to return the next day and find it. It wasn't more than fifteen feet off the trail — a forty-foot-tall tree, to all appearances still healthy, about five inches in diameter at breast height. The ground around it was littered with the tell-tale husks.
The day before yesterday I went for another look. Despite the absence of obvious lesions on its bark, it clearly had the blight; all the leaves had turned brown with the exception of those on the new sprouts that were already clustered around its base. (You can see the lowest branch in the above photo; none of my photos of the crown of the tree were worth sharing.) Like every other American chestnut on our mountain — and well over 99.9 percent of all native chestnuts in the eastern United States — this individual will never again be able to grow an above-ground stem for more than a couple of decades before succumbing to the introduced Asian fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica.
But unlike most of the other spindly chestnuts on our ridges, this stem lived long enough to produce one crop of nuts before it died. There's a slight — very slight — chance that they were fertile, cross-pollinated with some other rare tree that happened to flower in the spring of 2006 somewhere in the vicinity. And there's an even slighter chance that one of those fertile nuts was spared by the squirrels and managed to sprout in a favorable location. Do you believe in miracles? But it is upon just such miracles — and/or the intervention of geneticists — that the future of this totemic species depends, because it is only through sexual reproduction that the American chestnut will be able to evolve resistance to the blight.
I know: you thought the purpose of sex was reproduction, didn't you? But many plants can reproduce vegetatively, too; Castanea dentata is a great example. "King of the coppice," biologist Joe Schibig calls it. Who knows how the hell old some of these ridgetop rootstocks might be? It's eerie to stand among the twisted chestnut oaks and the mountain laurel (now also dying en masse due to a blight of unknown origin) and realize that 100 years ago, the woods here would have been dominated by straight, soaring trunks, and that 200 years ago — before the first clear-cutting of Plummer's Hollow around 1815 — the forest primeval would've been an almost unimaginably full cornucopia, with a deep carpet of chestnut burrs every fall. Even on years when the acorn and hickory crops failed, chestnuts, having bloomed well after the last frost, were still available to fill the bellies of squirrels, deer, raccoons, mice, chipmunks, and a host of other creatures. Evolution called the vast flocks of passenger pigeons into existence in part as a response to this superabundance of chestnut mast. One out of every four trees in the Appalachians was an American chestnut. Its wood was straight-grained, easy to split, rock-hard, and virtually impervious to rot.
It's a bit of an irony, I guess, that trees so resistant to the common agents of decay would fall victim to a fungus. First spotted at the Bronx Zoo in 1904, the airborne disease spread at a rate of about fifty miles a year, wiping out in excess of three billion trees over the next half-century. A half-century after that, what's the prognosis for the species? As Schibig notes,
Some chestnuts have repeatedly died and sprouted again from their root collars for the past 70 years, but the vigor and number of these sprouts have been declining. After all, they can't be expected to forever battle the blight, other diseases such as root rot, ravenous insects, browsing by deer, competition from other trees, unfavorable weather conditions and habitat destruction by humans. It was hoped that in some parts of its natural range there would be pockets of chestnuts that would have resistance to the disease and would be reproducing successfully from their nuts, not just by sprouting. To my knowledge, such populations, sometimes called the "holy grail" by American chestnut fans, have never been found. It appears that human intervention will be necessary to restore the American chestnut to the forests of the eastern U. S.
The remainder of Schibig's brief essay describes the effort to resurrect the American chestnut. I'm most familiar with the efforts of the American Chestnut Foundation, whose quarter-century-long experiment began by crossing American chestnuts with blight-resistant Chinese chestnuts, then crossing the resulting hybrids with more American Chestnuts, and so on: crossing each new generation with pure C. dentata stock until they get a tree that has all the attributes of an American chestnut, but with the disease resistance of its scrubbier East Asian ancestor. The main site for this research in Pennsylvania is at the Penn State Experimental Forest in Stone Valley, less than 25 miles away from our mountain as the pigeon flies.
The passenger pigeon and the American chestnut were almost certainly both examples of what ecologists call keystone species: species without which basic ecosystem functions such as carbon cycling and nutrient storage are fundamentally altered. Without a steady supply of chestnut mast, many wildlife populations have probably become a great deal more unstable, with repercussions up and down the food chain. Without passenger pigeons — which were on the way out well before the introduction of the chestnut blight, due to market hunting and widespread clear-cutting — our forests have lost a major, periodic source of fertilizer and a disturbance regime as natural and necessary as the once-in-a-century wildfire.
It'll be great if the American Chestnut Foundation's back-crossing scheme works and we can restore at least one of these two species. But in order to do so, we will also have to be mindful of a third keystone species: the white-tailed deer. Here in Plummer's Hollow, as I've noted before, a number of years of good hunting have brought the deer herd down to reasonable levels, allowing a few of the chestnut sprouts to survive. But we can never quite relax: one year of poor hunting combined with a mild winter could change all that. Eternal vigilance, it seems, is the price not only of liberty but of healthy forests as well.
I know I will never see a fully mature American chestnut tree in my own lifetime — just as I will never see a large, old-growth mixed-deciduous landscape in the East outside of the Porcupine Mountains, way over on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. A recent article from the Christian Science Monitor on the American Chestnut Foundation's research sounds a hopeful note, projecting enough nuts for a large-scale replanting effort to commence by 2015. Hope is good. But I do think a consciousness of just how much we've lost is also important if we really want to overcome public complacency and rally support for protecting and restoring what we have left.
Don't forget to submit links for the upcoming Festival of the Trees #15 by Thursday at the latest. See the details here.


text:
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (born Sextus Varius Avitus Bassianus,  204 – 11/12 March 222), better known by his nicknames "Elagabalus" (, ) and Heliogabalus ( ), was Roman emperor from 218 to 222, while he was still a teenager. His short reign was conspicuous for sex scandals and religious controversy. A close relative to the Severan dynasty, he came from a prominent Arab family in Emesa (Homs), Syria, where since his early youth he served as head priest of the sun god Elagabal. After the death of his cousin, the emperor Caracalla,  Elagabalus was raised to the principate at 14 years of age in an army revolt instigated by his grandmother Julia Maesa against Caracalla's short-lived successor, Macrinus. He only posthumously became known by the Latinised name of his god.

Later historians suggest Elagabalus showed a disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos. He replaced the traditional head of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter, with the deity Elagabal, of whom he had been high priest. He forced leading members of Rome's government to participate in religious rites celebrating this deity, presiding over them in person. He married four women, including a Vestal Virgin, in addition to lavishing favours on male courtiers thought to have been his lovers. He was also reported to have prostituted himself. His behavior estranged the Praetorian Guard, the Senate and the common people alike. Amidst growing opposition, at just 18 years of age he was assassinated and replaced by his cousin Severus Alexander in March 222. The assassination plot against Elagabalus was devised by Julia Maesa and carried out by disaffected members of the Praetorian Guard.

Elagabalus developed a reputation among his contemporaries for extreme eccentricity, decadence, zealotry and sexual promiscuity. This tradition has persisted; among writers of the early modern age he suffered one of the worst reputations among Roman emperors. Edward Gibbon, notably, wrote that Elagabalus "abandoned himself to the grossest pleasures with ungoverned fury". According to Barthold Georg Niebuhr, "the name Elagabalus is branded in history above all others" because of his "unspeakably disgusting life". An example of a modern historian's assessment is Adrian Goldsworthy's: "Elagabalus was not a tyrant, but he was an incompetent, probably the least able emperor Rome had ever had." Despite near-universal condemnation of his reign, some scholars write warmly about his religious innovations, including the 6th-century Byzantine chronicler John Malalas, as well as Warwick Ball, a modern historian who described him as "a tragic enigma lost behind centuries of prejudice".

Family and priesthood

Elagabalus was born in 203 or 204, to Sextus Varius Marcellus and Julia Soaemias Bassiana, who had probably married around the year 200 (and no later than 204). Elagabalus's full birth name was probably (Sextus) Varius Avitus Bassianus, the last name being apparently a cognomen of the Emesene dynasty. Marcellus was an equestrian, later elevated to a senatorial position. Julia Soaemias was a cousin of the emperor Caracalla, and there were rumors (which Soaemias later publicly supported) that Elagabalus was Caracalla's child. Marcellus's tombstone attests that Elagabalus had at least one brother, about whom nothing is known. Elagabalus's grandmother, Julia Maesa, was the widow of the consul Julius Avitus Alexianus, the sister of Julia Domna, and the sister-in-law of the emperor Septimius Severus. Other relatives included Elagabalus's aunt Julia Avita Mamaea and uncle Marcus Julius Gessius Marcianus and their son Severus Alexander.

Elagabalus's family held hereditary rights to the priesthood of the sun god Elagabal, of whom Elagabalus was the high priest at Emesa (modern Homs) in Roman Syria as part of the Arab Emesene dynasty. The deity's Latin name, "Elagabalus", is a Latinized version of the Arabic إِلٰهُ الْجَبَلِ Ilāh al-Jabal, from ilāh ("god") and jabal ("mountain"), meaning "God of the Mountain", the Emesene manifestation of Ba'al. Initially venerated at Emesa, the deity's cult spread to other parts of the Roman Empire in the second century; a dedication has been found as far away as Woerden (in the Netherlands), near the Roman limes. The god was later imported to Rome and assimilated with the sun god known as Sol Indiges in the era of the Roman Republic and as Sol Invictus during the late third century. In Greek, the sun god is Helios, hence Elagabal was later known as "Heliogabalus", a hybrid of "Helios" and "Elagabalus".

Rise to power
Herodian writes that when the emperor Macrinus came to power, he suppressed the threat to his reign from the family of his assassinated predecessor, Caracalla, by exiling them—Julia Maesa, her two daughters, and her eldest grandson Elagabalus—to their estate at Emesa in Syria. Almost upon arrival in Syria, Maesa began a plot with her advisor and Elagabalus's tutor, Gannys, to overthrow Macrinus and elevate the fourteen-year-old Elagabalus to the imperial throne.

Maesa spread a rumor, which Soaemias publicly supported, that Elagabalus was the illegitimate child of Caracalla and so deserved the loyalty of Roman soldiers and senators who had sworn allegiance to Caracalla. The soldiers of the Third Legion Gallica at Raphana, who had enjoyed greater privileges under Caracalla and resented Macrinus (and may have been impressed or bribed by Maesa's wealth), supported this claim. At sunrise on 16 May 218, Elagabalus was declared emperor by Publius Valerius Comazon, commander of the legion. To strengthen his legitimacy, Elagabalus adopted the same name Caracalla bore as emperor, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. Cassius Dio states that some officers tried to keep the soldiers loyal to Macrinus, but they were unsuccessful.

Praetorian prefect Ulpius Julianus responded by attacking the Third Legion, most likely on Macrinus's orders (though one account says he acted on his own before Macrinus knew of the rebellion). Herodian suggests Macrinus underestimated the threat, considering the rebellion inconsequential. During the fighting, Julianus's soldiers killed their officers and joined Elagabalus's forces.

Macrinus asked the Roman Senate to denounce Elagabalus as "the False Antoninus", and they complied, declaring war on Elagabalus and his family. Macrinus made his son Diadumenian co-emperor, and attempted to secure the loyalty of the Second Legion with large cash payments. During a banquet to celebrate this at Apamea, however, a messenger presented Macrinus with the severed head of his defeated prefect Julianus. Macrinus therefore retreated to Antioch, after which the Second Legion shifted its loyalties to Elagabalus.

Elagabalus's legionaries, commanded by Gannys, defeated Macrinus and Diadumenian and their Praetorian Guard at the Battle of Antioch on 8 June 218, prevailing when Macrinus's troops broke ranks after he fled the battlefield. Macrinus made for Italy, but was intercepted near Chalcedon and executed in Cappadocia, while Diadumenian was captured at Zeugma and executed.

That month, Elagabalus wrote to the Senate, assuming the imperial titles without waiting for senatorial approval, which violated tradition but was a common practice among third-century emperors. Letters of reconciliation were dispatched to Rome extending amnesty to the Senate and recognizing its laws, while also condemning the administration of Macrinus and his son.

The senators responded by acknowledging Elagabalus as emperor and accepting his claim to be the son of Caracalla. Elagabalus was made consul for the year 218 in the middle of June. Caracalla and Julia Domna were both deified by the Senate, both Julia Maesa and Julia Soaemias were elevated to the rank of Augustae, and the memory of Macrinus was expunged by the Senate. (Elagabalus's imperial artifacts assert that he succeeded Caracalla directly.) Comazon was appointed commander of the Praetorian Guard. Elagabalus was named Pater Patriae by the Senate before 13 July 218. On 14 July, Elagabalus was inducted into the colleges of all the Roman priesthoods, including the College of Pontiffs, of which he was named pontifex maximus.

Emperor (218–222)

Journey to Rome and political appointments

Elagabalus stayed for a time at Antioch, apparently to quell various mutinies. Dio outlines several, which historian Fergus Millar places prior to the winter of 218–219. These included one by Gellius Maximus, who commanded the Fourth Legion and was executed, and one by Verus, who commanded the Third Legion Gallica, which was disbanded once the revolt was put down.

Next, according to Herodian, Elagabalus and his entourage spent the winter of 218–219 in Bithynia at Nicomedia, and then traveled through Thrace and Moesia to Italy in the first half of 219, the year of Elagabalus's second consulship. Herodian says that Elagabalus had a painting of himself sent ahead to Rome to be hung over a statue of the goddess Victoria in the Senate House so people would not be surprised by his Eastern garb, but it is unclear if such a painting actually existed, and Dio does not mention it. If the painting was indeed hung over Victoria, it put senators in the position of seeming to make offerings to Elagabalus when they made offerings to Victoria.

On his way to Rome, Elagabalus and his allies executed several prominent supporters of Macrinus, such as Syrian governor Fabius Agrippinus and former Thracian governor C. Claudius Attalus Paterculianus. Arriving at the imperial capital in August or September 219, Elagabalus staged an adventus, a ceremonial entrance to the city. In Rome, his offer of amnesty for the Roman upper class was largely honored, though the jurist Ulpian was exiled. Elagabalus made Comazon praetorian prefect, and later consul (220) and prefect of the city (three times, 220–222), which Dio regarded as a violation of Roman norms.  Elagabalus himself held a consulship for the third year in a row in 220. Herodian and the Augustan History say that Elagabalus alienated many by giving powerful positions to other allies.

Dio states that Elagabalus wanted to marry a charioteer named Hierocles and to declare him caesar, just as (Dio says) he had previously wanted to marry Gannys and name him caesar. The athlete Aurelius Zoticus is said by Dio to have been Elagabalus's lover and cubicularius (a non-administrative role), while the Augustan History says Zoticus was a husband to Elagabalus and held greater political influence.

Elagabalus's relationships to his mother Julia Soaemias and grandmother Julia Maesa were strong at first; they were influential supporters from the beginning, and Macrinus declared war on them as well as Elagabalus. Accordingly, they became the first women allowed into the Senate, and both received senatorial titles: Soaemias the established title of Clarissima, and Maesa the more unorthodox Mater Castrorum et Senatus ("Mother of the army camp and of the Senate"). They exercised influence over the young emperor throughout his reign, and are found on many coins and inscriptions, a rare honor for Roman women.

Under Elagabalus, the gradual devaluation of Roman aurei and denarii continued (with the silver purity of the denarius dropping from 58% to 46.5%), though antoniniani had a higher metal content than under Caracalla.

Religious controversy

Since the reign of Septimius Severus, sun worship had increased throughout the Empire. At the end of 220, Elagabalus instated Elagabal as the chief deity of the Roman pantheon, possibly on the date of the winter solstice. In his official titulature, Elagabalus was then entitled in . That a foreign god should be honored above Jupiter, with Elagabalus himself as chief priest, shocked many Romans.

As a token of respect for Roman religion, however, Elagabalus joined either Astarte, Minerva, Urania, or some combination of the three to Elagabal as consort. A union between Elagabal and a traditional goddess would have served to strengthen ties between the new religion and the imperial cult. There may have been an effort to introduce Elagabal, Urania, and Athena as the new Capitoline Triad of Rome—replacing Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva.

He aroused further discontent when he married the Vestal Virgin Aquilia Severa, Vesta's high priestess, claiming the marriage would produce "godlike children". This was a flagrant breach of Roman law and tradition, which held that any Vestal found to have engaged in sexual intercourse was to be buried alive.

A lavish temple called the Elagabalium was built on the east face of the Palatine Hill to house Elagabal, who was represented by a black conical meteorite from Emesa. This was a baetylus. Herodian wrote "this stone is worshipped as though it were sent from heaven; on it there are some small projecting pieces and markings that are pointed out, which the people would like to believe are a rough picture of the sun, because this is how they see them".

Dio writes that in order to increase his piety as high priest of Elagabal atop a new Roman pantheon, Elagabalus had himself circumcised and swore to abstain from swine. He forced senators to watch while he danced circling the altar of Elagabal to the accompaniment of drums and cymbals. Each summer solstice he held a festival dedicated to the god, which became popular with the masses because of the free food distributed on these occasions. During this festival, Elagabalus placed the black stone on a chariot adorned with gold and jewels, which he paraded through the city:

The most sacred relics from the Roman religion were transferred from their respective shrines to the Elagabalium, including the emblem of the Great Mother, the fire of Vesta, the Shields of the Salii, and the Palladium, so that no other god could be worshipped except in association with Elagabal. Although his native cult was widely ridiculed by contemporaries, sun-worship was popular among the soldiers and would be promoted by several later emperors.

Marriages, sexual orientation and gender identity

The question of Elagabalus's sexual orientation and gender identity is confused, owing to salacious and unreliable sources. Cassius Dio states that Elagabalus was married five times (twice to the same woman). His first wife was Julia Cornelia Paula, whom he married prior to 29 August 219; between then and 28 August 220, he divorced Paula, took the Vestal Virgin Julia Aquilia Severa as his second wife, divorced her, and took a third wife, who Herodian says was Annia Aurelia Faustina, a descendant of Marcus Aurelius and the widow of a man Elagabalus had recently had executed, Pomponius Bassus. In the last year of his reign, Elagabalus divorced Annia Faustina and remarried Aquilia Severa.

Dio states that another "husband of this woman [Elagabalus] was Hierocles", an ex-slave and chariot driver from Caria. The Augustan History claims that Elagabalus also married a man named Zoticus, an athlete from Smyrna, while Dio says only that Zoticus was his cubicularius. Dio says that Elagabalus prostituted himself in taverns and brothels.

Dio says Elagabalus delighted in being called Hierocles's mistress, wife, and queen. The emperor reportedly wore makeup and wigs, preferred to be called a lady and not a lord, and supposedly offered vast sums to any physician who could provide him with a vagina. For this reason, the emperor is seen by some writers as an early transgender figure and one of the first on record as seeking sex reassignment surgery.

Fall from power
Elagabalus stoked the animus of Roman elites and the Praetorian Guard through his perceptibly foreign conduct and his religious provocations. When Elagabalus's grandmother Julia Maesa perceived that popular support for the emperor was waning, she decided that he and his mother, who had encouraged his religious practices, had to be replaced. As alternatives, she turned to her other daughter, Julia Avita Mamaea, and her daughter's son, the fifteen-year-old Severus Alexander.

Prevailing on Elagabalus, she arranged that he appoint his cousin Alexander as his heir and that the boy be given the title of caesar. Alexander was elevated to caesar in June 221, possibly on 26 June. Elagabalus and Alexander were each named consul designatus for the following year, probably on 1 July. Elagabalus took up his fourth consulship for the year of 222. Alexander shared the consulship with the emperor that year. However, Elagabalus reconsidered this arrangement when he began to suspect that the Praetorian Guard preferred his cousin to himself.

Elagabalus ordered various attempts on Alexander's life, after failing to obtain approval from the Senate for stripping Alexander of his shared title. According to Dio, Elagabalus invented the rumor that Alexander was near death, in order to see how the Praetorians would react. A riot ensued, and the Guard demanded to see Elagabalus and Alexander in the Praetorian camp.

Assassination

The emperor complied and on 11 or 12 March 222 he publicly presented his cousin along with his own mother, Julia Soaemias. On their arrival the soldiers started cheering Alexander while ignoring Elagabalus, who ordered the summary arrest and execution of anyone who had taken part in this display of insubordination. In response, members of the Praetorian Guard attacked Elagabalus and his mother:

Following his assassination, many associates of Elagabalus were killed or deposed. His lover Hierocles was executed. His religious edicts were reversed and the stone of Elagabal was sent back to Emesa. Women were again barred from attending meetings of the Senate. The practice of damnatio memoriae—erasing from the public record a disgraced personage formerly of note—was systematically applied in his case. Several images, including an over-life-size statue of him as Hercules now in Naples, were re-carved with the face of Alexander Severus.

Sources

Cassius Dio

The historian Cassius Dio, who lived from the second half of the second century until sometime after 229, wrote a contemporary account of Elagabalus. Born into a patrician family, Dio spent the greater part of his life in public service. He was a senator under emperor Commodus and governor of Smyrna after the death of Septimius Severus, and then he served as suffect consul around 205, and as proconsul in Africa and Pannonia.

Dio's Roman History spans nearly a millennium, from the arrival of Aeneas in Italy until the year 229. His contemporaneous account of Elagabalus's reign is generally considered more reliable than the Augustan History or other accounts for this general time period, though by his own admission Dio spent the greater part of the relevant period outside of Rome and had to rely on second-hand information.

Furthermore, the political climate in the aftermath of Elagabalus's reign, as well as Dio's own position within the government of Severus Alexander, who held him in high esteem and made him consul again, likely influenced the truth of this part of his history for the worse. Dio regularly refers to Elagabalus as Sardanapalus, partly to distinguish him from his divine namesake, but chiefly to do his part in maintaining the damnatio memoriae and to associate him with another autocrat notorious for a dissolute life.

Historian Clare Rowan calls Dio's account a mixture of reliable information and "literary exaggeration", noting that Elagabalus's marriages and time as consul are confirmed by numismatic and epigraphic records. In other instances, Dio's account is inaccurate, as when he says Elagabalus appointed entirely unqualified officials and that Comazon had no military experience before being named to head the Praetorian Guard, when in fact Comazon had commanded the Third Legion. Dio also gives different accounts in different places of when and by whom Diadumenian (whose forces Elagabalus fought) was given imperial names and titles.

Herodian

Another contemporary of Elagabalus was Herodian, a minor Roman civil servant who lived from  until 240. His work, History of the Roman Empire since Marcus Aurelius, commonly abbreviated as Roman History, is an eyewitness account of the reign of Commodus until the beginning of the reign of Gordian III. His work largely overlaps with Dio's own Roman History, and the texts, written independently of each other, agree more often than not about Elagabalus and his short but eventful reign.

Arrizabalaga writes that Herodian is in most ways "less detailed and punctilious than Dio", and he is deemed less reliable by many modern scholars, though Rowan considers his account of Elagabalus's reign more reliable than Dio's and Herodian's lack of literary and scholarly pretensions are considered to make him less biased than senatorial historians. He is considered an important source for the religious reforms which took place during the reign of Elagabalus, which have been confirmed by numismatic and archaeological evidence.

Augustan History
The source of many stories of Elagabalus's depravity is the Augustan History (Historia Augusta), which includes controversial claims. It is most likely that the Historia Augusta was written towards the end of the fourth century, during the reign of emperor Theodosius I. The account of Elagabalus in the Augustan History is of uncertain historical merit. Sections 13 to 17, relating to the fall of Elagabalus, are less controversial among historians. The author of the most scandalous stories in the Augustan History concedes that "both these matters and some others which pass belief were, I think, invented by people who wanted to depreciate Heliogabalus to win favour with Alexander".

Modern historians

For readers of the modern age, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon (1737–1794) further cemented the scandalous reputation of Elagabalus. Gibbon not only accepted and expressed outrage at the allegations of the ancient historians, but he might have added some details of his own; for example, he is the first historian known to claim that Gannys was a eunuch. Gibbon wrote:

The 20th-century anthropologist James George Frazer (author of The Golden Bough) took seriously the monotheistic aspirations of the emperor, but also ridiculed him: "The dainty priest of the Sun [was] the most abandoned reprobate who ever sat upon a throne ... It was the intention of this eminently religious but crack-brained despot to supersede the worship of all the gods, not only at Rome but throughout the world, by the single worship of Elagabalus or the Sun."
The first book-length biography was The Amazing Emperor Heliogabalus (1911) by J. Stuart Hay, "a serious and systematic study" more sympathetic than that of previous historians, which nonetheless stressed the exoticism of Elagabalus, calling his reign one of "enormous wealth and excessive prodigality, luxury and aestheticism, carried to their ultimate extreme, and sensuality in all the refinements of its Eastern habit".

Some recent historians paint a more favourable picture of the emperor's rule. Martijn Icks, in Images of Elagabalus (2008; republished as The Crimes of Elagabalus in 2011 and 2012), doubts the reliability of the ancient sources and argues that it was the emperor's unorthodox religious policies that alienated the power elite of Rome, to the point that his grandmother saw fit to eliminate him and replace him with his cousin. He described ancient stories pertaining to the emperor as "part of a long tradition of 'character assassination' in ancient historiography and biography".

Leonardo de Arrizabalaga y Prado, in The Emperor Elagabalus: Fact or Fiction? (2008), is also critical of the ancient historians and speculates that neither religion nor sexuality played a role in the fall of the young emperor. Prado instead suggests Elagabalus was the loser in a power struggle within the imperial family, that the loyalty of the Praetorian Guards was up for sale, and that Julia Maesa had the resources to outmaneuver and outbribe her grandson. In this version of events, once Elagabalus, his mother, and his immediate circle had been murdered, a campaign of character assassination began, resulting in a grotesque caricature that has persisted to the present day. Other historians, including Icks, criticized Prado for being overly skeptical of primary sources.

Warwick Ball, in his book Rome in the East, writes an apologetic account of the emperor, arguing that descriptions of his religious rites were exaggerated and should be dismissed as propaganda, similar to how pagan descriptions of Christian rites have since been dismissed. Ball describes the emperor's ritual processions as sound political and religious policy, arguing that syncretism of eastern and western deities deserves praise rather than ridicule. Ultimately, he paints Elagabalus as a child forced to become emperor who, as expected of the high-priest of a cult, continued his rituals even after becoming emperor. Ball justified Elagabalus's executions of prominent Roman figures who criticized his religious activities in the same way. Finally, Ball asserts Elagabalus's eventual victory in the sense that his deity would be welcomed by Rome in its Sol Invictus form 50 years later. Ball claims that Sol Invictus came to influence the monotheist Christian beliefs of Constantine, asserting that this influence remains in Christianity to this day.

Cultural references
Despite the attempted damnatio memoriae, stories about Elagabalus survived and figured in many works of art and literature. In Spanish, his name became a word for "glutton", heliogábalo. Due to the ancient stories about him, he often appears in literature and other creative media as a decadent figure (becoming something of an anti-hero in the Decadent movement of the late 19th century, and inspiring many famous works of art, especially by Decadents) and the epitome of a young, amoral aesthete. The most notable of these works include:

Fiction

L'Agonie (1888) by Jean Lombard, which was the inspiration for Louis Couperus's De berg van licht (The Mountain of Light) in 1905–06;
Héliogabale ou l'Anarchiste couronné (Heliogabalus or The Anarchist Crowned) by Antonin Artaud (1934), depicting the life of Elagabalus and combining essay, biography, and fiction;
Historical novels Family Favourites (1960) by Alfred Duggan and Child of the Sun (1966) by Kyle Onstott and Lance Horner, in the former of which an ordinary Roman soldier witnesses the reign; and
Victor Pelevin's  Sol Invictus, which depicts Elagabalus as a key unrecognized spiritual figure.

Plays
 Heliogabalus: A Buffoonery in Three Acts (1920) by H. L. Mencken and George Jean Nathan
 Heliogabalus: A Love Story (2002) by Sky Gilbert

Dance

 Héliogabale, a modern dance choreographed by Maurice Béjart
 The Legends, a dance performed by Sebastian Droste as Heliogabalus, as part of the Dances of Vice, Horror and Ecstasy performance staged by Droste and Anita Berber in 1923

Music
 Eliogabalo (1667), an opera by Venetian Baroque composer Francesco Cavalli
 Is mentioned (as Heliogabalus) in the "Major-General's Song" (1879) from Gilbert and Sullivan's The Pirates of Penzance. "I quote in elegiacs all the crimes of Heliogabalus".
 Heliogabale (1910), an opera by French composer Déodat de Séverac
Artaud (1973), an album released by Argentine band Pescado Rabioso, particularly the track "Cantata de Puentes Amarillos", was heavily influenced by Antonin Artaud's book, Héliogabale ou l'Anarchiste couronné, as well as the life of Heliogabalus.
 Eliogabalus (1990), title of both the second album and second song by the experimental rock band Devil Doll (Slovenian band)
 Heliogabalus imperator (Emperor Heliogabalus) (1972), an orchestral work by the German composer Hans Werner Henze
 Six Litanies for Heliogabalus (2007), an album by American musician John Zorn
 The Pale Emperor (2015), an album by American musician Marilyn Manson, was inspired by the life of Heliogabalus and more specifically Antonin Artaud's book

Paintings

 Heliogabalus, High Priest of the Sun (1866), by the Pre-Raphaelite Simeon Solomon
 One of the most notorious incidents laid to his account, an extravagant dinner party in which guests were smothered under a mass of "violets and other flowers" dropped from above, is immortalized in the 19th-century painting The Roses of Heliogabalus (1888), by the Anglo-Dutch academician Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema.
 Antonin Artaud Heliogabalus (2010–11), by Anselm Kiefer

Poetry
 Algabal (1892–1919), a collection of poems by Stefan George
 In "He 'Digesteth Harde Yron American poet Marianne Moore describes a banquet at which Elagabalus served six hundred ostrich brains, a detail she found in George Jennison's book Animals for Show and Pleasure in Ancient Rome.

Television
 In CBBC's adaptation of Horrible Histories, Elagabalus is portrayed by Mathew Baynton as a laddish teenager with a cruel sense of humour.

Severan dynasty family tree

Explanatory notes

References

Bibliography

Primary sources

  Published on Livius.org in 2007
 Historia Augusta, The Life of Elagabalus Part 1  and 2 , Latin text with English translation.

Secondary material

 Arrizabalaga y Prado, Leonardo de. "Pseudo-Eunuchs in the Court of Elagabalus: The Riddle of Gannys, Eutychianus, and Comazon" , Collected Papers in Honour of the Ninety-Fifth Anniversary of Ueno Gakuen, Tokyo, 1999, pp. 117–41.
 Arrizabalaga y Prado, Leonardo de. "Varian Studies: a Definition of the Subject", opening address to the Varian Symposium, Trinity College, Cambridge, 30–31 July 2005.

  Additional copy. Introduction by J. B. Bury.

 Kienast, Dietmar. "Heliogabalus, a Monster on the Roman Throne: The Literary Construction of a 'Bad' Emperor," in Ineke Sluiter and Ralph M. Rosen (eds), Kakos: Badness and Anti-value in Classical Antiquity (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2008) (Mnemosyne: Supplements. History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity, 307.
 Kienast, Dietmar. "Leonardo de Arrizabalaga y Prado: The Emperor Elagabalus" .
 Kienast, Dietmar. "The 'Vices and Follies' of Elagabalus in Modern Historical Research", paper delivered at the Varian Symposium, Trinity College, Cambridge, 30–31 July 2005.
 , 26 August 1997.

 Varian Symposium Acta and links for a conference held at Trinity College, Cambridge, 30–31 July 2005.

Images
 Wildwinds coin archive: Elagabalus . Large archive of ancient Roman and provincial coins bearing the image of Elagabalus. Retrieved on 2008-05-03.
 Coinarchives coin archive: Elagabalus . Large archive of ancient Roman and provincial coins issued under Elagabalus, including coins of family members. Retrieved on 2008-05-03.

External links

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text:
The Sweetheart cherry is a cultivar of cherry. It is a hybrid of the Van and Newstar cultivars first developed in Canada.

Cultivar history
The Sweetheart cultivar was developed at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre in Summerland, British Columbia. The cross was made in 1975 and selected in 1982, and the variety was officially released in 1994. It has since been used as a parent cultivar for several new varieties, including Staccato, Sentennial, and Sovereign. The American Society for Horticultural Science awarded Sweetheart their Outstanding Fruit Cultivar award in 2012.

Tree characteristics
Sweetheart is a self-fertile cultivar which can be used as a "universal pollinator" for other cherry varieties with similar bloom time. The flowers bloom about 2-3 days before Bing. It is a very heavy producer, with overcropping being a potential issue. The tree is highly susceptible to powdery mildew.

Fruit characteristics
Sweetheart is a late-season cherry, ripening about 20-22 days after Bing cherries. The fruit is of moderate size, with red flesh, and dark bright red skin.

References

Cherry cultivars
Crops originating from Canada


text:
Students walk out of vigil for Colorado school shooting victims
One student was killed and eight injured when two classmates opened fire with handguns at the school on Tuesday.
His 16-year-old accused accomplice, referred to in court by his lawyer as Alec McKinney, was listed on the court docket by the name Maya Elizabeth McKinney but was addressed by the judge during the hearing as Mr McKinney.
The vigil in the gym of the school was one of several held to honor victims of the shooting, including an 18-year-old student who was killed when two gunmen were reported to have opened fire at the school on May 7.
Vikki Migoya, a spokeswoman for District Attorney George Brauchler, did not explain the reason for the delay.
According to Denver 7, city law enforcement sources, Erickson's parents had purchased the guns legally. Colorado law permits prosecutors to file adult charges of serious felonies against 16- and 17-year-olds without prior approval from a judge. According to a student at STEM School Highlands Ranch, Erickson, who was a senior at the time of the shooting, "always joked" about mass shootings.
School authorities informed the police as soon as the incident unfolded, and students were immediately evacuated to a safer area. It's a lesson that not all school shooting survivors are willing to quickly turn their grief into demands for gun control and political change like many students from Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla. Me and Brendan grabbed him and threw him to the ground. The officer split his time between the two schools. "I want the world to know that he was a gift", Kendrick's father said.
More news: Don Jr To Testify In Front Of Senate Intelligence Committee
STEM is a public charter school with a focus on science, technology, engineering and math.
A Douglas County, Colo., Sheriff's Department deputy walks past the doors to the STEM Highlands Ranch school early Wednesday, May 8, 2019, in Highlands Ranch, Colo. The students said they just wanted to talk about their classmates.
Brauchler is considering charging McKinney as an adult, he said.
The attack occurred less than a month after the 20th anniversary of the Columbine High School massacre in nearby Littleton, in which two students shot 13 people to death before committing suicide.
An anonymous person who said she was the parent of a student at the school called the school district in December to make a number of complaints about the school, including that there was a lot of drug dealing and use and that there was student violence because of the high-pressure environment there. Both men made comments interpreted by students, community members, and survivors of the shooting to be inappropriately political.
"We also request placement of a new SRO for the 2018-19 school year and participation in his or her selection process", Eucker wrote in an email to the sheriff's office and Bronner on May 18, 2018.
Monster-hunting RPG Dauntless launches on May 21
Finally, players who begin their Dauntless journey next week will have the option of picking up a new Arcslayer Pack. Expect new expansions, adventures, deadly Behemoths and more - all on a regular basis and all free-to-play.
Microsoft offers security update to fix critical issue in older Windows systems
The flaw, which Microsoft described as "critical", enables an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.
Iran: Suspect sentenced to 10 years for spying for Britain
The British Council is the UK's worldwide organisation working in arts and culture, English language, education and civil society. In 2009, Iran closed the British Council offices in Tehran in response to the launch in London of the BBC's Persian service.
John Daly Has Responded To Tiger Woods' Golf Cart Comment
The model doesn't like his chances to break through this week either despite oddsmakers listing him as one of the top favorites. At 29, Koepka envisions winning both of those at some point in his itinerant career that began on the European Challenge Tour.
Apple has even thought about the kids in the family with a "Kids" section that features curated content for children of all ages. The main draw is the new Apple TV app in iOS 12 .3 and tvOS 12.3, which replaces the TV app.
Huawei chairman says ready to sign 'no-spy' deal with UK
Huawei is offering to sign no-spy agreements with governments to sell more of its telecom equipment. The U.S. says Chinese law compels Huawei to cooperate with Beijing's espionage agencies.
But Sand, who has produced the contest since 2010, said on Monday that negotiations were still underway. The Palestinian-led boycott movement against Israel has urged artists to skip Eurovision in Tel Aviv .
Hampshire Police said the death is not being treated as suspicious and a file is being prepared for the coroner. Holly Willoughby has spoken out about The Jeremy Kyle Show being axed, describing it as a "terrible shock".
Man hacked to death in Sri Lanka communal riots — Easter Sunday Bombings
In this Sunday, May 12, 2019, photo, Sri Lankan soldiers stand guard at the entrance to Good Shepherd convent and the St. Police imposed a countrywide curfew until from 9 p.m.to 4 a.m., spokesman Ruwan Gunasekera said.
LEGO Stranger Things Set Revealed!
The design of the model's building instructions makes it a great shared building experience with friends and family. Speaking of Joyce: The set also includes her meme-worthy alphabet wall of holiday lights.
Texas police officer fatally shoots woman heard on video shouting, 'I'm pregnant'
Raquelle Cuellar, a resident in the apartment complex, told ABC 13 that the woman was often spotted walking her dog in the area. However, police say as the officer tased the woman, she then gained control of his taser and tried to fire it at the officer.
New Leeds United Song is in 'Good Fun' - Lampard
Derby have won just one of their last 10 away matches in all competitions (W1 D5 L4). We need to prepare properly and be ready".
As for Rian Johnson's new trilogy, there has been no confirmation as to when those films may be slated for release. Iger also revealed that a third live-action Star Wars series is in the works.
The US Embassy in the UAE advised its citizens to maintain a high level of vigilance for heightened tensions in the region. Saudi Arabia did not identify the vessels involved or say whom it suspected of carrying out the alleged sabotage.
How Much Coffee Is Too Much? A New Study Has the Answer
Shrinking moon may cause moonquakes
'Black Mirror' Drops First Season 5 Trailer, Starring Miley Cyrus & Anthony Mackie
Bill implementing Brexit deal to be introduced in early June


text:
Нинель Степановна Киселёва (27 октября 1937, город Крюков, теперь в составе города Кременчуг Полтавской области — 17 апреля 2018) — украинская советская деятельница, фрезеровщица Кременчугского автомобильного завода Полтавской области. Депутат Верховного Совета СССР 8-9-го созывов.

Биография
Родилась в семье рабочего. В 1956 году окончила среднюю школу.

В 1956—1957 годах — ученица и работница ткацкой фабрики города Орехово-Зуево Московской области РСФСР.

В 1957—1961 годах — фрезеровщица Кременчугского комбайнового завода Полтавской области.

С 1961 года — фрезеровщица прессового цеха Кременчугского автомобильного завода Полтавской области. Ударник коммунистического труда.

Образование среднее специальное. В 1972 году без отрыва от производства окончила Одесский автомеханический техникум.

Потом — на пенсии в Кременчуге Полтавской области.

Награды
 орден Трудового Красного Знамени (1971)
 медаль "За доблестный труд. В ознаменование 100-летия со дня рождения Владимира Ильича Ленина " (1970)
 медали

Источники
 Депутаты Верховного Совета СССР. Девятый созыв. — М . : Издательство «Известия Советов депутатов трудящихся», 1974.

Депутаты Верховного Совета СССР 8-го созыва
Депутаты Верховного Совета СССР 9-го созыва


How many competitors do you have? Unless the answer to that question is zero, you've probably struggled with how to help your prospective customers choose you rather than your competitors.
When we first meet with a prospective client, it is not uncommon to learn that their competitor offers an inferior product or service which sells better than whatever our prospective client is offering. Sometimes we hear that the competitor's offering is less expensive. Unfortunately, price is not the only reason the competitor's products sell better.
The reason your competitor's products and services sell better is because people can't tell the difference between what you offer and what your competitors offer.
Once your company understands its archetype, you can frame all your communications through it. For example, a sage archetype in a healthcare environment might talk about outcomes data, the number of degrees and accreditations earned by its physicians, or the importance of the research conducted by their staff. On the other hand, the same organization can be positioned as a caregiver by focusing on heartwarming patient success stories, how the nursing staff goes the extra mile to provide comfort for the patients, and how the research conducted at their facility has brought happiness and greater quality of life to their patients.
At Trivera, we know that digital marketing is about a lot more than just a website. It's about how you use the online world to communicate with current and prospective customers. By taking the time to thoroughly understand our clients' brands, we can enhance their ability to tell stories and compete more successfully, both on and offline.


Broadcasting from the FFANY Show floor, Matt and Andy discuss the current footwear retail and consumer environment facing footwear companies and brands this holiday season. The boys share interesting insights and key takeaways from leading footwear execs.
Christie unveils important winter boot trends, including Gripforce, in her weekly Fashion Footwear in Focus segment.


The iron laminations were taken from a surplus transformer. Where did the transformer come from? How do you open a transformer?
The device under test was the largest such item found in the local surplus electronics shops.
This photo shows the transformer as disassembly begins.
Finally, this image shows the pieces after the transformer is fully taken apart.


text:
Q: Providing multiple instances(calling IDs from Module) as dimensions for Cloudwatch Metric Alarm Hey I am trying to to create aws cloudwatch metric alarm using terraform module, I have created  2 instances by providing naming convention using ${count.index}.Now I am trying to call the instance IDs from the module that I have used within the same terraform main.tf file. How can I achieve this? calling multiple instance IDs from a module.
Using ${count.index}

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Anyway, this post is dedicated to my new love – these block heel booties from New Look. I picked these up in my old stomping ground, their Wexford store, about 2 weeks ago and I'm living in them. I was on the hunt for a decent fitting boot that I could wear in college and work that was stylish but still functional. It sounds like an easy thing to find in the sales but my God, it was a nightmare trying to find the right fit! These however were like a glove from the moment I put them on!
They're part of New Look's Wide Fit shoe collection and come in 3 colours – black, tan and burgundy. In Wexford I could only spot the black but now that I've seen the tan, I'm tempted to purchase those too! Being a wide fit they're great for anyone that is a half size or if you want to wear a thicker sock with them and i even love that they're wide around the ankle so they're much more flattering to the shape of your leg than a boot that would close closer to your ankle. The block heel equals total comfort and stability. I've been wearing them in work for the last two weekends where I would be standing or running up and down the stairs for the best part of 8 hours and they have been a dream, considering the height of them with the built in platform. They boast a suede finish with a round toe so they're very classic but the gold buckle adds a subtle bit of bling to the look.
The best part about these boots was the price, I have to say for the wear I've been getting out of them, they were so reasonable! They were originally €39.99 but were included in their €10 off boots promotion and then with my student discount I got an extra 10% off on top of that so the bottom line was just 27 quid – bargain!!!


My Dirt Road Anthem: The cake that fueled a fabulous 14 mile run.
I am buy doing my civic duty and have been busy with jury duty the last couple of days. It should be over today, and then hopefully I can catch up on some of your blogs. and get in a run.
My daughter wanted a rainbow cake for her birthday so I fired up the baking skills and made her one.
and how neat it looks when you cut into it.
It was so good too! No crazy secret recipe, just two white cake box mixes. I did make the frosting from scratch though.
YUM!!! I still haven't made one of these rainbow cakes...I need to get on that for my kids sake.
OOH I want to eat this!
Holy....oh my gosh. You are a super mom. Love it!!
If I had that cake for my birthday, I wouldn't have been upset about spending it alone.
My niece wants me to make one of these for her birthday!!! I'm happy to see someone else do it...you know aside from the perfectly executed photoshopped ones on Pinterest! Ok I can do it...now that I know who to ask!
Oh my goodness- that is amazing!!! Now I really want to try this... and I really want cake!
Wow - what a cake!
Will you come make me one for my birthday in May? I love rainbows and this cake is gorgeous!
wow !!!!!!!!!!! I am really impressed!
awesome cake! very impressive - and perfect for pre-run fueling!
that cake is INCREDIBLE!!!! ahhhhh. i LOVE cake!!!!
WOW. That cake is beeea-uuuutiful! What a lucky daughter to have you :) And yes, if it fueled a 14-mile run, then it's ok to eat in my book!
Ummm, I will take a slice. Or 3. Please send to BFE Kansas. I'll get it, no worries! lol.
Wow, great job with the cake! It looks yummy!
Aahhhh...I love the cake! How fun!
ummm yum to the cake and how cute is your daughter in that pic?!
What a fun cake!! Happy birthday to your daughter!
I love this!!! What a fun birthday cake, especially for a little girl….but I would even think it was fun at my not-so-young age!
Now that is a fun cake!
That cake is so pretty! I bet my kid would love it!
how awesome christy! i bet she loved it!!
Gorgeous cake - what a great way to celebrate!
What a fun cake! Clever.
So cute! No wonder you eat it for breakfast!


Just a few weeks ago, I gave you a sneak peek of an interview I filmed in the Hamptons. It is up and ready for you to see!
I hope you enjoy watching my interview with Gina Glickman Giordan, for her show In the Mixx, as much as I enjoyed doing it. I shared alot of information about my history and how I got into polo. She even surprised me with a few photos from my childhood!
Gina and I also talked about the saddle I designed that is more comfortable for the horses. I care so much about each of horses and I want them to be as comfortable as possible while we are playing each chuckker.
You don't want to miss me riding the ELLIPTOGO around the studio. The friendly competition between me and Gina was great. Watch the interview to find out who wins and so much more.
Thanks Gina for having me on the show.


text:
Q: Pandas: add columns that show values from previous day, week, month I have made a dataframe. Please see the image below.

I'd like to add columns that show values from previous day, week, month.
My expected output would be such as P1_day, P1_yesterday, P1_week, P1_lastweek, P1_month, P1_lastmonth and so on.
Help would be greatly appreciated.

A: I'm not 100% sure I understand your aversion to using shift, but considering you have a data frame like this:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

original = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,100,size=(10, 3)), columns=["P1_day", "P1_week", "P1_month"])

you can always shift column wise such as:
original["P1_yesterday"] = original["P1_day"].shift()

or alternatively subset all the columns you want to shift, shift and rename them and then concatenate them to the original data frame such as:
subset_shifted = original[["P1_day", "P1_week", "P1_month"]].shift()
subset_shifted.columns = ["P1_yesterday", "P1_lastweek", "P1_lastmonth"]
original = pd.concat([original, subset_shifted], axis = 1)

A: Aside from using shift you could use the dateutil library.
For example:
import pandas as pd
import dateutil.relativedelta as rd

df = pd.DataFrame({'Date':pd.datetime(2019,5,1),pd.datetime(2019,5,2),pd.datetime(2019,5,3)]})

df
        Date
0 2019-05-01
1 2019-05-02
2 2019-05-03

Then use the dateutil to get new dates
df['P1_yesterday'] = df['Date'].dt.date + rd.relativedelta(days=-1)
df['P1_lastweek'] = df['Date'].dt.date + rd.relativedelta(weeks=-1)
df['P1_lastmonth'] = df['Date'].dt.date + rd.relativedelta(months=-1)
df

        Date P1_yesterday P1_lastweek P1_lastmonth
0 2019-05-01   2019-04-30  2019-04-24   2019-04-01
1 2019-05-02   2019-05-01  2019-04-25   2019-04-02
2 2019-05-03   2019-05-02  2019-04-26   2019-04-03

I had to take the extra step to convert to datetime columns for some reason, maybe someone can modify the code to make it simpler
df.P1_lastweek = pd.to_datetime(df.P1_lastweek)
df.P1_yesterday = pd.to_datetime(df.P1_yesterday)
df.P1_lastmonth = pd.to_datetime(df.P1_lastmonth)

Now, you can use the accessors if necessary to get just the number if that's what you need.
df.P1_lastweek.dt.day

0    24
1    25
2    26
Name: P1_lastweek, dtype: int64


text:
package uk.ac.ox.ndm.grails.utils.serializer;

import org.eclipse.persistence.jaxb.JAXBContextProperties;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jaxb.MarshallerProperties;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jaxb.metadata.MetadataSource;
import org.eclipse.persistence.oxm.MediaType;
import org.eclipse.persistence.oxm.NamespacePrefixMapper;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;
import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * @since 23/07/2015
 */
public class JaxbSerializer {

    public static final Map<String, JaxbSerializer> jaxbSerializers = new HashMap<>();
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JaxbSerializer.class);
    private JAXBContext context;
    private Marshaller xmlMarshaller, jsonMarshaller;

    private JaxbSerializer(NamespacePrefixMapper namespacePrefixMapper, List<MetadataSource> metadataSourceList,
                           Class... classes) {
        String name = "";
        for (Class aClass : classes) {
            name += aClass.getCanonicalName() + " ";
        }
        logger.debug("Initialising JAXB Serialiser for {}", name);
        Map<String, Object> props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put(JAXBContextProperties.OXM_METADATA_SOURCE, metadataSourceList);
        try {
            context = JAXBContext.newInstance(classes, props);
        } catch (JAXBException ex) {
            logger.warn("JAXB context for {} unavailable due to: {}", Arrays.asList(classes),
                        ex.getMessage() == null ? ex.getLinkedException() : ex
                                .getMessage());
        }

        if (context != null) {
            logger.trace("Using JAXB context implementation {}", context.getClass());

            try {
                jsonMarshaller = makeMarshaller();
                jsonMarshaller.setProperty(MarshallerProperties.MEDIA_TYPE, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
            } catch (JAXBException ex) {
                logger.warn("JAXB JSON serialization for {} not available due to: {}", Arrays.asList(classes),
                            ex.getMessage() == null ? ex.getLinkedException() :
                            ex);
            }

            try {
                xmlMarshaller = makeMarshaller();
                xmlMarshaller.setProperty(MarshallerProperties.INDENT_STRING, "  ");
                if (namespacePrefixMapper != null)
                    xmlMarshaller.setProperty(MarshallerProperties.NAMESPACE_PREFIX_MAPPER, namespacePrefixMapper);
                xmlMarshaller.setProperty(MarshallerProperties.MEDIA_TYPE, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML);
                xmlMarshaller.setProperty("com.sun.xml.bind.xmlDeclaration", false);
            } catch (JAXBException ex) {
                logger.warn("JAXB XML serialization for {} not available due to: {}", Arrays.asList(classes),
                            ex.getMessage() == null ? ex.getLinkedException() : ex);
            }

        } else {
            logger.warn("JAXB XML & JSON serialization for {} not available due to no available context", Arrays.asList(classes));
        }
    }

    public Marshaller getJsonMarshaller() {
        return jsonMarshaller;
    }

    public Marshaller getXmlMarshaller() {
        return xmlMarshaller;
    }

    public boolean hasJsonSerialization() {
        return jsonMarshaller != null;
    }

    public boolean hasXmlSerialization() {
        return xmlMarshaller != null;
    }

    public String marshalJson(Object jaxbElement) throws JAXBException {
        StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
        marshalJson(jaxbElement, stringWriter);
        return stringWriter.toString();
    }

    public void marshalJson(Object jaxbElement, Writer writer) throws JAXBException {
        getJsonMarshaller().marshal(jaxbElement, writer);
    }

    public void marshalXml(Object jaxbElement, Writer writer) throws JAXBException {
        getXmlMarshaller().marshal(jaxbElement, writer);
    }

    public String marshalXml(Object jaxbElement) throws JAXBException {
        StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
        marshalXml(jaxbElement, stringWriter);
        return stringWriter.toString();
    }

    private Marshaller makeMarshaller() throws JAXBException {
        Marshaller marshaller = context.createMarshaller();
        marshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, Boolean.TRUE);
        return marshaller;
    }

    public static JaxbSerializer getJaxbSerializer(NamespacePrefixMapper namespacePrefixMapper, Class... classes) {
        return getJaxbSerializer(namespacePrefixMapper, Collections.emptyList(), classes);
    }

    public static JaxbSerializer getJaxbSerializer(NamespacePrefixMapper namespacePrefixMapper,
                                                   List<MetadataSource> metadataSourceList,
                                                   Class... classes) {
        JaxbSerializer jaxbSerializer = new JaxbSerializer(namespacePrefixMapper, metadataSourceList, classes);
        for (Class aClass : classes) {
            jaxbSerializers.put(aClass.getCanonicalName(), jaxbSerializer);
        }
        return jaxbSerializer;
    }

    public static JaxbSerializer getJaxbSerializer(Class... classes) {
        return getJaxbSerializer(null, Collections.emptyList(), classes);
    }

    public static JaxbSerializer getJaxbSerializer(List<MetadataSource> metadataSourceList, Class... classes) {
        return getJaxbSerializer(null, metadataSourceList, classes);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Johan Frederik Breda Storm (født 24. november 1836 i Lom, død 26. oktober 1920 i Kristiania) var en norsk sprogforsker. Han var bror til Gustav Storm og Oscar Wilhelm Eugen Storm samt fætter til Vilhelm og Martin Luther Storm.

I 1869 blev han ansat som universitetsstipendiat i levende sprog og udnævntes 1873 til professor i engelsk
og romansk filologi ved Kristiania Universitet. Han besøgte i videnskabeligt øjemed flere gange udlandet med offentlige stipendier, således 1869—70 England, Frankrig, Italien og Spanien. Sine iagttagelser over disse landes sprog og kultur har han nedlagt i det lille skrift De romanske Sprog og Folk (1871). Storm har udfoldet en rig produktion, der særlig på fonetikkens område er af fremragende videnskabeligt værd. Hans afhandling Om Tonelaget i de skandinaviske Sprog (1875) hører blandt de tidligste behandlinger af sprogets musikalske side. I tidsskriftet Norvegia påbegyndte Storm en fonetisk fremstilling af de norske dialekter (1884); færdigtrykt foreligger denne klare og almenfattelige oversigt i hæfte 3 (1902) og 5 (1908). Et stort arbejde er nedlagt i Phonetik und Aussprache (1892), en ny og meget udvidet udgave af første afsnit af hans om det levende sprog handlende Engelsk Filologi (også i tysk oversættelse). Rig som denne fonetik er på skarpe enkeltiagttagelser af lydene, mangler den dog i ikke ringe grad systematisk ordning af stoffet. Også i de ikke-fonetiske dele af "Engelsk Filologi" træffer man den samme sikre detailiagttagelse, parret med en fremtrædende sans for stilarter og idiomatisk udtryksmåde, medens fremstillingen for øvrigt lider under en vis mangel på sammenhæng og generalisation. Sit grundige kendskab til det franske talesprog har Storm fortræffelig vidst at udnytte i sine Franske Taleøvelser (mellemtrin 1887, højere trin 1897), et arbejde, som er oversat til adskillige sprog. Nutidssprogets grammatik er behandlet i Større fransk Syntax (1911—18). I striden om det norske landsmål er Storm ubetinget den, som ihærdigst og samtidig med størst sagkundskab har kæmpet for rigsmålets ret. I Det norske Maalstræv (1878) var det særlig modsætningen mellem landsmålet og de østnorske dialekter, som førtes i marken mod det førstes praktiske anvendelighed. I Det nynorske Landsmaal (1888) fremhæves det kunstige og stive oldtidspræg i den Aasenske enhedsform, og hvorledes alle bestræbelser for at modernisere og levendegøre denne målform resulterer i usikkerhed. Endelig indeholder Landsmaalet som Kultursprog (1903) en påvisning af, hvorledes landsmålets ordforråd er utilstrækkeligt til gengivelse af alle et moderne kultursprogs begreber, medmindre rigsmålet tages til hjælp, eller man tyer til masselavning af nye ord. Også mod den Knudsenske sprogrensning har Storm taget kraftig til orde, særlig i Norsk Sprog, Kraakemaal og Landsmaal (1896). Sin egen opfattelse af klassisk norsk stil har Storm fremstillet blandt andet i Ibsen og det norske Sprog (i festskriftet Henrik Ibsen, 1898). I de senere år var det særlig retskrivningsstriden, som optog Storm. I en mængde avisartikler kæmpede han for det beståendes ret, idet han dog samtidig ville have indført en temmelig udstrakt valgfrihed (navnlig i brugen af de hjemlige hårde konsonanter) efter stilens art. Endelig fortjener det at omtales, at Storm — der en årrække var medlem af eksamensdeputationen for de højere skoler — har øvet en ganske indgribende indflydelse på den praktiske undervisning i de levende sprog såvel ved de højere skoler som ved universitetet.

Kilder

Filologer fra Norge
Ansatte ved Oslo Universitet
Nordmænd i 1800-tallet
Nordmænd i 1900-tallet


This is best selection of Jackson Pollock artworks for iPhone & iPad wallpapers, all of which are of HD gallery-standard artworks with highest quality.
This application also carefully selected Jackson Pollock's quotes about art, to get you in-depth understanding of his artwork by also listening what he said. Besides, you are also able to create your own phone screen by selecting his quote and using his artwork as background.
This app also select a few master works from Other Pop Artists for Wallpaper for richer extensive understanding of Jackson Pollock's pop art.


text:
PHOTOS: Capturing Qatar's essence
By Shabina S. Khatri
LifePhotos
For illustrative purposes only.
Photo for illustrative purposes only.
As part of a course assignment, journalism students at Northwestern University in Qatar were recently tasked with taking a closer look at Doha by photographing local buildings, places and icons that they thought best represented the country.
The resulting images range from traffic snarls to silhouettes of people at Qatar's numerous beaches to close-up views of Souq Waqif's controversial animal souq.
Speaking to Doha News, Wajeeha Malik, an international student who hails from Pakistan, explained how the project helped her explore the country.
"It made me appreciate how beautiful Qatar is, and I got to experiment with landscape photography…This was the first time I actually went on a proper photographic expedition around Qatar…I (also) finally got to see Katara at sunset, which was…very surreal and peaceful."
For others, like Lebanese national Reem Saad, the project gave her a way to document the beauty of the country she was born in:
"I got to photograph some of my favorite areas, and share my memory and history of these places with students from all over the world."
However, as in the past, the students faced challenges while photographing in many locations in Qatar.
"(We had) the usual problem…having to be careful not to offend anyone by accidentally pointing the camera at them," said Malik, adding that other challenges included finding the right light to shoot outdoors and navigating the extreme heat.
What images come to your mind when thinking about Qatar? Thoughts?
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Airbus revokes Qatar Airways contract for 50 A321neo jets amid escalating rift
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Mini Dohans Doha News Team - January 20, 2022 0


text:
Brandon Sanderson: What Makes a Masterpiece
Bestselling fantasy and science fiction author Brandon Sanderson's many series include Mistborn, the Stormlight Archive, Infinity Blade, Legion and Skyward. His books have sold more than 21 million copies worldwide. In 2007, he was chosen to finish Robert Jordan's iconic The Wheel of Time series. He also co-hosts the Hugo Award-winning writing advice podcast Writing Excuses. Sanderson lives in Utah with his wife and children. Recently he spoke with us about the 10th-anniversary edition of his Hugo-winning novella The Emperor's Soul (Tachyon), in which a gifted magical Forger must find a way to escape her captors while finishing the most difficult Forgery of her life: re-creating the Emperor's mind and personality after an assassination attempt.
What does the rerelease of The Emperor's Soul mean to you?
It is one of my favorite stories that I've written. I broke in as a giant, epic fantasy writer. I don't know if I'll ever be writing consistently award-winning flash fiction, but I wanted to practice the novella. My time spent working on it culminated in this story, which won the Hugo Award, which is to date my only win for a major fiction award. It's a mark of pride to me that I was able to teach myself to write in a slightly different format.
It's also a personal story about the nature of art and what it means to be an artist. All artists have this push and pull with art. Art theory goes back for me to Plato. He asks, are all artists poor imitations of reality? I do love Plato, but that question has always stuck in my craw. I wrote a story about what art meant to me, and about what makes something a masterpiece, versus a cheap copy.
How does the real world inspire your fiction?
If I have a challenge in my life, it's that I do not get to write all the stories that I want to write. Some of my beautiful things that I've imagined have to be put on the shelf as something that was only for me, and I'll never get to them. But everything inspires me and, beyond that, fiction is the way I work out my relationship to the now. The way that I work out my feelings about everything, from the nature of art, to politics, to relationships. As a writer, seeing through the eyes of different people who experience the world differently than myself is how I explore what it means to be human.
The world has changed in many ways since you wrote the story, and in some ways it hasn't changed at all. How might the story look different now to readers coming to it with fresh eyes?
Criticism is its own realm, and an author is often too close to the work to know what it's going to mean to people. At its core, The Emperor's Soul is about a woman coming to understand another person while a third person comes to understand her. I feel like the world could use a bit more effort to understand, even when we don't agree. Over the last 10 years, one of the things that has become increasingly obvious to me is that we make less of an effort than we ever have to understand each other.
In the new introduction, Jacob Weisman of Tachyon Publications recounts your Hugo Award acceptance. What do you remember about that evening?
It is one of the most magical evenings of my life. I still am a little bit disbelieving. With this story, I reached back to more traditional literary inspirations, and the fact that it even got nominated was a surprise to me. Winning floored me because I was up against some very, very stiff competition. There are various times when you can say, "Man, I think I've arrived now," and that was one of those moments for me.
What should readers expect from the new edition?
We have a cool deleted scene, the first scene I wrote for Emperor's Soul. As a writer, you have to write your way into a story. Then you read it and think, Wow, this scene got me into the story, but it doesn't belong. This one has some key continuity items that are relevant to the story and series, but I let them be inferred rather than seen. I think fans of the story in particular will love reading the scene and the new introduction.
A good friend of yours advised you to cut the scene.
Yeah, Mary Robinette Kowal, a master of the short form. Her rallying cry for me was, "Brandon, fewer characters." That's how you do the shorter form. Keep it focused. It was excellent advice.
What does having a strong community of writer friends mean to you?
Writing is so solitary. You're sitting in a room for hours on end. A lot of people do that for their jobs, but they're also touching base with their team members. In writing, you're by yourself and figuring out how to fix problems, how to grow. At certain points, you hit a wall and need friends to say, "This is how I climbed that wall. This is how I went around that wall. I dug under that wall!" The stronger the writing community, the more strong writers come out of it. When writers support one another, all their writing gets better. I'm grateful to my writing communities. I like the science fiction/fantasy community in particular, how open and welcoming it is to new writers.
You're known for your productivity. What motivates you to keep creating?
I love telling stories. I love holding the finished product in my hands. I love making things. If I'm not, something's missing from my life. When I have a vacation, what I want to do is sit on the beach and work on a new story, something that no one's expecting. I want to explore how to tell a different kind of story.
WithThe Emperor's Soul, I wondered, Can I tell a story that takes place mostly in one room? Can I tell a story that delves into the nature of art without feeling heavy-handed? These are challenges I set myself. I'm chasing the experience of what it feels like to tell these stories.
If a Forger had to re-create your essence, what would be the most important facets to get correct?
A Forger would probably have a pretty easy time, because I am who I am. When you read the books, every one of those characters is a piece of me. The thing that would be most important to get right would probably be that desire to tell stories. The way I interact with art is at the core of who I am. My desire to understand others drives me. My exploration of the world would be another point to get right.
And they need to know that I love salty foods, and I do enjoy sweet foods, but never the twain shall meet. If you make a Forgery of me that eats kettle corn, you have failed. --Jaclyn Fulwood


Oh! How have the mighty fallen! Oh Nigeria, thou was slain down from thy high places and the weapon of your warfare has perished before your eyes. Your untrained soldiers who are molesters of unarmed civilians, have lost their touch and their weapon of war perished. They hunt the coalition of Lions without provocation, now the Lion in the creek have raised a standard against them and even with their external macheneries, they sink and have themselves drown and when they are deployed back to the creek,they cry aloud in fear. When their jihadist commander sights his cowards perishing, he shouts with a horn of shame THE WALLS OF THE FALSE GIANT OF AFRICA HAS FALLEN.
See the false Giant of Africa fallen to her knees, as the center could not hold anymore. The Wings of the fake Eagle, has being broken. The Zoo where a jihadist without Certificate rules,is crumbling before the eyes of the World. He was forcefully made a King, by Britain hunters of the Eagle and the Lion King who has being caged in their dungeon. Now there is recession and intense hunger in the Land and the Poor are suffering. Investors are running away and foreigners see them as outcast. Gnashing of teeth is heard from every Household and people have being forced into hell here on earth. Where is Britain the pillar of Nigeria? Britain the creator of Nigeria, where is thy wings? Even the economy of the masterminder of the Genocide against the Biafra people, has crumbled and they are staggering to stand up. Britain thou has committed a crime against humanity and you shall pay for it. Britain is crying aloud and want to know why, they can no longer get their stolen underground supply of Crude Oil from BiafraLand,their representative say to them, THE WALLS OF THE FALSE GIANT OF AFRICA YOU CREATED HAS FALLEN.
Biafra the real Eagle, have shown her children their root and they are heading to their nest. The Pharaoh of the 21st century called Muhammadu Buhari,has refused to let the Children of Biafra go. As he keeps on standing on their way, various plagues befall the Land of the false Giant Of Africa. The Joshua of our time Nnamdi Kanu has resounded it on the only ordained platform Radio Biafra to let Chukwuokikeabiamas Children go, instead of this Pharaoh to heed to his piece of advice, he caged him in his dungeon. Now the Children of Biafra are seriously moving to the Land of Biafra filled with Milk and Honey, as humanity has risen to speak against Pharaoh and his aliens, the WALLS OF THE FALSE GIANT OF AFRICA HAS FALLEN.
Mama Africa has risen against this false artificial creation parading as the Giant of Africa. See the evil politicians, receiving Slaps from their bloody corrupt political sits, to the amazement of the World. Saboteurs used to campaign for a scam called BBOG,are now covering their faces in shame. Supporters and Coaches of their playground are now throwing their offers to their faces. The Lion of the tribe of Biafra Nnamdi Kanu,told them they will return in shame after serving the Jihadist and the Zoo, now see them gnashing teeth. The Lion King told them that with a jihadist President the Zoo must fall, they enviously detained him, rather than fighting against the jihadist without certificate. The Children of the false Giant look out through the windows of shame and say to themselves, indeed THE WALLS OF THE FALSE GIANT OF AFRICA HAS FALLEN.
This reads like prophetic gospel message to the failed and cursed contraption called Nigeria. I'm so proud of the creative, informative and life-saving articles by Biafra family writers. Great piece by Ibeh Gift Amarachi. Thank you and keep up the great work.


The Hazara Organization for Progress and Equality (HOPE) together with concerned members of Hazara community in the United States are writing this letter to raise an urgent concern about Haji Kazim Yazdani, who was attacked recently in Kabul.
In view of the controversy surrounding said archaic law, we would like to voice our concern and direct your attention to a growing atmosphere of religious fervor in the Hazara community in Kabul. We believe that attacks on Haji Yazdani and the offices of the Marefat High School bear symptoms of the aforementioned atmosphere of religious zeal and intimidation of those who oppose "The Shia Family Law." Reports indicate that the chants and slurs used during these attacks bore similarity to the insults directed at the brave women who recently protested in front of the Afghan parliament against the ratification of said law. We have reasons to believe that the architects and supporters of "The Shia Family Law" are responsible for these attacks.
1.	That the Government of Afghanistan act immediately to stop the attacks on Hazara intellectuals.
2.	That the Government of Afghanistan conducts a full, complete and impartial investigation, to bring to justice the perpetrators.
3.	That the Government of Afghanistan act immediately to ensure that Haji Yazdani and other Afghan intellectuals are protected to the full extent possible. We insist that effective safety measures be undertaken to ensure their safety.
4.	That the Government of Afghanistan act immediately to place pressure on the extremist factions who are behind these attacks.
Finally, we demand that the Government of Afghanistan take effective steps to protect the Hazara intellectuals from the religious fundamentalists who continually resort to acts of intimidation and terror to silence opposition and voices of dissent.


Can I make an Insurance Claim for Damaged Carpets or Flooring?
Check you insurance policy to see if the damage to the carpets is covered. For example you will need accidental damage cover for iron burns or paint spillage.
Check you excess, (the amount you have to pay of the claim). If you have a large excess and it is only a small room needing new flooring it may be cheaper and less hassle to pay for the work yourself and not lose you no claims bonus.
How to Make the Claim for Damaged Carpets or Flooring?
Call you insurance company and tell them you need to make a claim for damaged carpets. In the case of a spillage they will probably send somebody out to try and clean your carpets or floor first.
If cleaning doesn't work or your carpets or flooring is damaged beyond repair you will need to get quotes for new flooring, some companies will send out their own representatives to do the estimates or you will have to get two written quotes from a local carpet retailer.
Some insurance companies insist that you must use their preferred supplier or accept a reduced amount if you do not use their recommended retailer. This is NOT TRUE and what they are doing is illegal. If this happens complain to the insurance company in the first instance and if this does not work complain to the Finance Ombudsman.
Most insurance policies are "new for old" and they will cover you for flooring of the same quality. If you bought the flooring yourself, look for the original invoice so you can check the details of your flooring and how much you paid. This will help ensure that you get a quote for a similar priced product. If you had your original carpets or flooring supplied by Stewart Groom but have lost the invoice, give us a call because in most cases we will be able to tell you exactly the product used and whether it is still available. Otherwise you will have to rely on the flooring estimator knowing enough about flooring to advise on the quality.
Some insurance companies will send out their own representatives to give you an estimate for the work that needs doing to replace or repair your damaged carpets or flooring. They may have a list of recommended retailers, however whatever they say, you do not have to use them or accept a reduced price if you decide to go elsewhere.
Alternatively contact a local retailer and get them to give you a quote. We are always happy to provide insurance quotes to customers looking for flooring and carpets in Leicester, Northampton, Rugby and the vicinity. We aim to send you a written quote by email or post within 2 working days of visiting your home to measure up.


Low SAPS lubricant (low content in sulfated ash, phosphorus and sulfur) for commercial vehicles equipped with exhaust gas treatment systems.
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Multi-grade SHPD+ for high-performance diesel engines with or without turbo. Level of performance ACEA A2-96 / A3-02, B3-98, B4-02, E5-02 / E7-04, API CF / CF-4 / CG-4 / CH-4 / CI-4, API CF.
Monograde oil for commercial vehicles. Formulated to give excellent performance in commercial road transport, construction, mining, agricultural machinery, etc.
Ursa Ultra XLE 10W-40 is a premium perfomance synthetic low emissions heavy-duty engine oil, designed for naturally aspirated and turbocharged four-stroke diesel and gas engines in on- and off-highway and construction applications. Select specification standards include: ACEA, API, Carterpillar, Cummins, DAF, Detroit Diesel, Deutz, Iveco, JASO, Mack, MAN, Mercedes Benz, MTU, Renault, Renault Truck, Scania, Voith and Volvo.
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Q: Differentiating f(x1,x2,x3..xn) w.r.t g(x1,x2,...xm) I am trying to differentiate a function $f(x,y,\frac{\partial y}{\partial x},\frac{\partial(\frac{\partial y}{\partial x})}{\partial x})$ w.r.t $g(x,y)$ but I am not quite sure how to proceed. I tried following the explanation here- Derivative of $f(x,y)$ with respect to another function of two variables $k(x,y)$ but I am having a difficulty expanding the idea to my case. In the above case, consider $x$ to be the independent variable.
It would be great if you could also suggest a reference book I can follow.
EDIT to show specific problem:
I have a function -
F
In this n is defined as n = ($cos\theta$$cos\phi$,$cos\theta$$sin\phi$,$sin\theta$). Further, $\theta$ = $\theta(x,y,z)$ and $\phi$ = $\phi(x,y,z)$. I want to evaluate Derivative.
I am presently simulating the flow of nematic liquid crystals using Leslie Ericksen theory. I am adding a screenshot of all the equations of the theory. Essentially, n describes the orientation of a liquid crystal. Depending on the external forces ( may be a flow or magnetic field or an electric field) change orientation to obtain a state with the lowest energy (most stable). Summary of all equations.
In my actual problem, $(x,y,z)$ are the cartesian coordinates and the others are functions that dependent on them.


Five female spirit sisters of the MACUILTONALEQUE.
Unlike the CIVATATEO, they were accorded the same honor as men who die in battle.
They come to take warriors and women to heaven, so don't be too scared of the skull heads and clawed feet.
Actually they don't take you there straight away. You have to go to Underworld East first. We imagine there are passports to be stamped and death certificates to be checked.
Saunders, Chas, and Peter J. Allen, eds. "CIHUATETEO - the Aztec Spirits of the Dead (Aztec mythology)." Godchecker. Godchecker.com / CID, 22 Aug. 2014. Web. 23 April 2019.
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