text:
The Appeal Podcast: What's Changed Since The 2018 Prison Strike?
With Jailhouse Lawyers Speak spokesperson and Right 2 Vote national coordinator Amani Sawari
Photo illustration by Anagraph. Photo by Justin Merriman / Getty Images
Adam H. Johnson Jun 13, 2019
In August and September of last year, there were prison strikes in at least 17 states marked by work stoppages and hunger strikes. But what's happened since? How have things improved or, in some cases, been made worse by the forces of reaction? As we come up on the one-year anniversary of the 2018 prison strike, our guest, Jailhouse Lawyers Speak spokesperson and Right 2 Vote national coordinator Amani Sawari joins us to discuss how the unrest of 2018 is being channeled into political reforms.
The Appeal is available on iTunes and LibSyn RSS. You can also check us out on Twitter.
Adam Johnson: Hi, welcome to The Appeal. I'm your host Adam Johnson. This is a podcast on criminal justice reform, abolition and everything in between. Remember, you can always follow us at The Appeal magazine's main Facebook and Twitter page, and as always you can like and subscribe to us on Apple podcasts.
From August 21st to September 9th of 2018 there were prison strikes in roughly twenty states marked by work stoppages and hunger strikes, but what's been the aftermath? How have things improved or in some cases been made worse by the forces of reaction? As we come to the one year anniversary of the 2018 prison strikes, our guest, Jailhouse Lawyers Speak spokesperson and nationwide coordinator for the Right 2 Vote campaign, Amani Sawari joins us to discuss how 2018's unrest is being channeled into 2019 and 2020 as political reforms.
[Begin Clip]
Amani Sawari: Though the entire prison strike demands are all about reforming the criminal justice system, demand number 10 to restore prisoners right to vote, we refer to that as the new suffrage movement because it's not necessarily about reforming the criminal justice system. It's more so about transforming the way that prisoners operate within that system. We want them to be a participant in making sure that the conditions of their environment meet their needs.
[End Clip]
Adam: Thanks so much for joining us.
Amani Sawari: Thank you for having me.
Adam: Before we start, can you tell us quickly about what Right 2 Vote is and what the broad political objectives of the group are?
Amani Sawari: So Right 2 Vote is a prisoner led initiative to restore the voting rights of all citizens that are impacted by incarceration inside and outside. So Right 2 Vote is unique in that we are fighting for prisoners on the inside to be able to vote while they're serving their sentence behind bars. Though the entire prison strike demands are all about reforming the criminal justice system, demand number 10 to restore prisoners right to vote, we refer to that as the new suffrage movement because it's not necessarily about reforming the criminal justice system. It's more so about transforming the way that prisoners operate within that system. We want them to be a participant in making sure that the conditions of their environment meets their needs. We feel like prisoners should have a voice in the system that they are forced to be in. And there are a lot of other countries and parts of the world where prisoners are able to vote and we feel like the United States, the land of the free, should allow it's incarcerated citizens to participate in the political processes that govern their lives regardless of how long they're in, if they have a life sentence, if they're violent or nonviolent. So that is the work of the Right 2 Vote campaign. And my work as a coordinator includes connecting people across the country together to work together. We believe that we can move forward faster together. So the cohort includes organizations in California. We've got Initiate Justice, Millions For Prisoners in New Mexico, Emancipation Mission in Massachusetts, the New Jersey Institute for Social Justice in New Jersey. Earn Our Vote in South Carolina, where I am in Washington you've got the Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee and Civil Survival. So we're connecting people across state lines to work together, to communicate, to strategize, to share their successes and their failures so that we can move together as a team and support one another and so I create that space for people.
Adam: So. Jailhouse Lawyers Speak is an organization, you are their spokesperson during the national prison strike, we reported on the prison strike last year. We talked to Raven Rakia about it. That was during the strike. Can we talk about — or it was immediately after — can we talk about what the net result of that strike was, what the kind of progress report is on that? I know there was a series of demands, one of which was to vote. Can you tell us about the extent to which that strike helped change the narrative? Can you give us our audience a sense of what that was like?
Amani Sawari: Yes. Throughout the national prison strike prisoners worked together across state lines to raise awareness about their demands on the inside. This was completely prisoner led. They reached out to me and asked me to speak on their behalf to the media and I had no idea I'd be on the phone from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM Pacific Time. So it was incredible to see how much work the prisoners were able to do and Jailhouse Lawyers Speak what was really able to get themselves out there as a leadership group. A lot of people don't feel like prisoners have the capacity to lead. They don't think that prisoners are able to organize. And even with the restrictions on their communications, the threat of retaliation, just not being able to really speak out, they still made it happen. So we saw participation in 17 different states across the country: Washington, California, New Mexico, Texas, Missouri, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, New York. We even saw participation in Maryland and DC, Massachusetts, and in Nova Scotia, Canada. We had prisoners writing us from Germany, from Israeli prisons. We have Palestinian prisoners write us in solidarity. So we saw a worldwide solidarity between incarcerated folks and prisoners. And so that we saw as a huge success. And another incredible success we saw was just a shift in public opinion about what prisoners had the capacity to do, about what they're capable of and about what they deserve. We saw that prisoners were able to organize across geographic limitations. And we also saw the launch of the new suffrage movement, the Right 2 Vote Campaign. Number 10 was seen as one of the more ambitious or radical demands, asking for prisoners having the right to vote. But it actually grew into its own movement and it rose to the level of national importance to be discussed among presidential candidates for 2020. So we see all that as a success. And we also saw some successes when it came to the businesses and how they participate in prison communications. So we saw phone rates go down in certain states like Texas and Michigan prisoners' phone rates went down to 26 cents per minute, which is a huge difference when you're inside and you make a dollar a day or so. So it was an incredible movement to be a part of and I'm honored that the prisoners trusted me with communicating their ideas to the rest of the nation in the world.
Adam: So you make a point, and this is one of the big kind of a, for lack of a better term, propaganda battles, is you make a point in your literature not to make a distinction between so-called violent and nonviolent offenders. This is kind of rhetorically one of the big hurdles people in reform and abolitionists spaces have to get over, this idea that there's this neatly defined violent or nonviolent and that violent are sort of to be left for dead and that we should only focus on the kind of pristine good, you know, the sort of one ounce of weed, lifetime sentence cases and and to really push forward a lot of these reforms you need to have both. In your experience from the people you've talked to, journalists, pundits so forth, how do you address this barrier? How do you get people to kind of shake the idea out of their mind that there's this neat clean kind of moral tier system of prisoners and really push the idea that every one of them, regardless of their transgression, deserve or alleged transgression, deserves some baseline human dignity.
Amani Sawari: Yes. So that is a huge fight that we have when we fight for marginalized people is to try to change the status quo and present a new narrative about how we should think about this group of people. You mentioned my literature and I also wanted to mention that an aspect of the Right 2 Vote campaign is the Right 2 Vote Report. So that's a monthly report that goes out to all of our supporters on the inside on our mailing list. So you got a few hundred men and women on the inside who get this newsletter and there's no eligibility requirements. You don't have to be a nonviolent offender, you don't have to be a certain distance away from your out date. It goes out to anyone and everyone who wants to support us and be a part of this community. And so we want to make sure that we are not using the language of the oppressor to describe what our movement is about and what it's for. Carve outs are always abused. When we carve out a group of people that line of who is included and who is not always extends further and further out to exclude more and more people. So if we are fighting for the most marginalized group — what I argue is the most marginalized group in our country: people in prison — who aren't even allowed to speak for themselves or move about freely or take the programs that they want or get the job that they want. If we're going to fight for this group of people, we as freedom fighters can not say, 'okay, we're going to draw a line between you all.' The oppressor creates divisions among the masses in order to keep us from organizing effectively, so we cannot then again create divisions among ourselves. We are reinforcing oppressive standards of influence on a community by establishing and maintaining divisions. And these types of things are saying, 'okay, this group of people is redeemable, but this group of people isn't.' We see this in prisons all the time. They create new standards to say who's redeemable, who's going to be best for this program because they have the capacity. Honestly, I think that everyone in prison is redeemable. Everyone in prison should have the opportunity to show that they want to become better people, that they want to be reformed. So when we block certain people out because of something that someone who's now in his thirties or in his forties did when he was 16, we're constantly keeping him in a regressive state. We're not allowing him or her to show that they have progress. And in prison, you're constantly reminded of the worst thing you've ever done. And we need to show people that they're bigger than the worst thing that they've ever done, that they're bigger than what they did a year ago or 10 years ago or 30 years ago, and that we trust that they can do better with their lives, and that we know that they have value beyond why they're in prison. And so through the Right 2 Vote campaign, we're fighting for people's voting rights, but we're also fighting for people's humanity, we're fighting for people to see the value in every single human being in our country and to show that they are redeemable.
Adam: So Right 2 Vote obviously has worked on infranchising incarcerated people, of all the sort of demands what about that demand to you seems almost like a first step? Is the general idea is that once prisoners have a political voice, they'll become a constituency with some kind of purchase on the electoral process and that it's kind of a necessary condition of any meaningful reform. Is that, is that why it's a focus? Is it, is it sort of seen as a precursor to other reforms?
Amani Sawari: Yes, yes, I can agree with that. I really loved the right to vote demand because I felt like it was the perfect pathway to getting all the other demands. If prisoners have some political power, then they are able to shape their environment. They don't have to wait for political officials to see their conditions as being important enough to address or to prioritize. They can make it a priority and political officials will now be held accountable for the conditions of prisons because now prisoners aren't just free bodies that they can use for their seats. Now they are people that they have to be held accountable to like every other body that's been given the right to vote that's on the outside. So I really love this demand because I'm always looking for the umbrella that covers the most ground and I feel like Right 2 Vote covers the most ground. Yes, I agree with every single demand. I agree that all prisoners should have good wages, I agree that all prisoners should have access to Pell grants and that all prisoners should have conditions that are at least comfortable to a certain degree and that aren't abusive and oppressive. And I think that the way that we can get there, aside from fighting the smaller battles currently within all these different states, but we can fight nationally for prisoners to have a right to vote so that they can fight with us, they can fight with us on the outside, they can really organize together politically and now we have to see their humanity. The corrections officials have to hand them a ballot and know that this person's voice is just as important and just as influential as theirs when they go into the voting booth. And so there's a certain level of human decency and respect that's forced when we give prisoners the right to vote.
Adam: So what is the current state of strikes in prison? I know that the last one was organized by groups like IWW, who of course are very radical in nature. They're obviously less focused on kind of electoral victories, at least in the short term. Was it seen as an effective tactic? And if so, is it, are we going to see more of these labor strikes and general unrest?
Amani Sawari: So a lot of prisoners were inspired by the national prison strike and really took a hold of the movement and made it their own. Even if they heard about it one day before the strike happened or in the middle of when the strike was going on, prisoners saw this as an opportunity to unite and to show their solidarity regardless of if they were what their label was, violent or nonviolent, or if they were in the general population or not. Jailhouse Lawyers Speak made a wide variety of ways that people can participate from hunger striking, which was the most popular and continues to be the most popular to walking out of your job, which was the most risky. And that continues to be the most risky because having a job in prison is considered as a privilege and not everyone has access to that privilege. And so prisoners have begun to realize that when they use their bodies as an asset in their struggle, which is really one of the only assets that they have is their own bodies, they can be heard by people on the outside. And the longer they put their bodies at risk, the more people will hear what's going on and the more people will have interest and care about what's going on. When people run across an article that says a prisoner hasn't eaten for 10 days because of conditions in Colorado or because of communications conditions in Florida or Pennsylvania, then their eyes draw to that story and they want to know what's going on because how could someone not eat for 10 days or 20 days? And it's sad that prisoners have to put their bodies on the line to be heard. That's why we're fighting for prisoner's right to vote because they shouldn't have to sacrifice their wellbeing in such a way, we need to give them another outlet for voicing their concerns about their condition. And though there hasn't been another national strike, and there have definitely been strikes in select prisons and then in different states against the condition.
Adam: So there's been pushback on the efforts to get quote unquote "felons" to vote and Amendment Four in Florida has been or is attempting to be gutted by Republicans on some technicality. The general momentum appears to have been about expanding voting rights that has now suffered some setbacks in Iowa and Florida. What from your perspective are the challenges facing the movement, not just in Florida but in general? And then if you could finish off by telling us what groups that you're excited about out there pushing back against these reactionary forces.
Amani Sawari: So this always happens with radical movements. The people in power try to do all that they can to maintain the status quo and limit newly established power. So what's happening right now with Florida's voting rights for ex-felons is exactly what happened in the suffrage movement with the Fifteenth Amendment. Black men were given the right to vote and then right after poll taxes were established. It's what happened with the Fourteenth Amendment when blacks were given citizenship. Then there were these Jim Crow laws that came into effect to sort of revoke certain aspects of their citizenship. So we see this over and over again throughout history. And we have to remember that when we fight for our rights we have to fight to defend those rights and maintain those rights. And there are groups that are always willing to defend and maintain because no one fights years and years and years to get their voting rights and then they give up the next month because there is a poll tax now. No, we've been fighting for years, so we're not going to give up on our success. This is our success and we're not gonna allow it to be dismantled especially so quickly. So there are groups that are fighting to really defend felons' voting rights and it's already been widely called out. These are poll taxes, poll taxes that already have been considered illegal and unconstitutional. And so I really think that this isn't going to last. However, there is going to be a convergence in Florida called Fight Toxic Prisons. And so they're going to be talking about prisoners voting rights there. It is on Friday June 14th through the 17th. I'm going to be there on the 16th and the 17th, so at that convergence there's going to be a meeting of the minds between abolitionists especially, civil rights organizers, suffrage organizers talking about what we can do to make prison conditions better for those that are there and to also talk about prison strikes and the movement, especially in the South, a lot of prisoners have restricted communications, especially in the South. Trying to get information out is really hard because every prisoner's mail as to go through a mail room, it has to be checked for security threats before it goes out. And this happens with a newsletter all the time going in. It's hard to get the newsletter to certain prisoners like prisoners who have been called a security threat because they don't want them to know the valuable information and the valuable work that's happening on the outside on their behalf. And so there are groups, I mentioned the Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee, which I'm a part of, but there are groups within the cohort all across the country. I mentioned Initiate Justice, Emancipation Initiative, Millions for Prisoners, Earn Our Vote, Kentuckians for the Commonwealth and we all work together. It doesn't matter what state you're in, I promise you there is a group that is working to fight for prisoner's rights on the outside. And if you're interested in being involved, please find that group. On sawarimi.org we've got a page, sawarimi,org/righttovote, you can see all the groups in the cohort. There's groups in Illinois, Chicago Votes is fighting for prisoners rights and making sure that they currently have a bill to make the jail in Chicago a permanent polling location. I talked about Kentucky, New Mexico, New Jersey, South Carolina, Massachusetts. So we've got people in all of these states that are fighting for prisoners right to vote. And if you're interested in coming to the Fight Toxic Prisons convergence, as long as you can get to Gainesville, Florida then you can come. It's a totally free conference and it's a great way to connect with people that are doing this work in Florida.
Adam: Absolutely. Absolutely. That all sounds great. I think this is a ton of good information. This episode's transcripted, you can find it at theappeal.org if you need to double check any of those organizations we'll have them all in there. Thank you so much. This was fantastic.
Amani Sawari: Thank you. Thank y'all for having me.
Adam: Thank you so much to our guest. Remember, you can always follow us at The Appeal magazine's main Facebook and Twitter pages, and as always you can subscribe and rate us on Apple podcast. The show is produced by Florence Barrau-Adams. Production assistant is Trendel Lightburn. Executive producer is Matt Ferner. I'm your host Adam Johnson. Thank you so much. We'll talk to you next week.
The Appeal Podcast Amani Sawari felon disenfranchisement Jailhouse Lawyers Speak prison activism prison strike prison voting Right 2 Vote Voting Rights
More in The Appeal Podcast
The Appeal Podcast: The Cruel Rise of 'Drug Induced Homicide' Prosecutions
The Appeal Podcast: Documenting the Death Penalty
Adam H. Johnson Feb 13, 2020
The Appeal Podcast: Police Abuse In American Schools
The Appeal Podcast: Locking Up Women For Killing Their Rapists


text:
How Australia Wins in the US–China Trade War
By Sam Volkering
In a little over 10 years' time, we should know exactly the outcome of the US–China trade war.
Yep, sorry to say it's still 10 years away.
Now you might have been hoping this would all clear up in a month or two. Well, I'm here to tell you that I just can't see that being the case.
This little to and fro has a long runway to still go. In fact, by my estimates, this 'trade war' is going to last another decade. Or if you want to get really precise, 10 years and 41 days.
There's a very good reason why this 'trade war' is set to last that long. And there's a very good reason why Australia stands to benefit from it the longer it goes.
You see, this trade war isn't really about 'trade' at all. It's about something far more important and far more valuable to both the US and China.
3 Unique Plays on the US China Trade War. Click here to gte your free report.
Three steps to supremacy
In July 2017 China released an important document. This document even to this day has still gone largely unnoticed by the masses. Or those that might have heard loosely of it are dismissive of it.
The document was released by the Chinese State Council. It's title: 'New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Development Plan.'
In this plan they outline three key steps as part of their long-term plan.
The first comes as soon as next year:
'The first step, by 2020, is to keep up the overall technology and application of artificial intelligence with the advanced level of the world.'
The next step comes in 2025:
'The second step by 2025, we shall achieve a major breakthrough in artificial intelligence basic theory, and parts of the technology and application will be at a world leading level.'
And then the final step. This is China's real end game:
'The third step: by 2030, we shall make artificial intelligence theory, technology and application achieve the world's leading level to be the major artificial intelligence innovation center of the world, intelligent economy, intelligent society achieve remarkable results, and lay an important foundation for China's entry into the forefront of the innovative countries and economic powers.'
It's this final step to the forefront of economic powers that's interesting. We know the Chinese economy is huge and growing. But there's still scepticism they will be globally more dominant than the US.
That's not a view I have.
I believe we're heading towards a new global empire with China at the helm. There will be influence from economic powers like the US and Europe. But it will be China steering the ship.
We're about to see the next 100 years dominated by our friends to the North.
That opens a window of opportunity for Australia. It has the potential to open an economic boom like we've never seen before.
Importantly, it's not going to be a boom because China is desperate for our dirt. It's going to be an intelligence-led boom.
An artificial intelligence boom.
Scientific output is worth a lot
There's a lot to like about China's AI development plan. It's a long-term strategic view of one of the world's most important future technologies.
China's always been good at that. Playing the long game that is. I guess that's a by-product of the regime they operate. Good for some things, atrocious for others.
But this is about their thirst to be a technology powerhouse. It's about the fact they will become global AI leaders. It's about them being the hub of excellence for high-end technology for the next 100 years.
If they achieve it, and I believe they will, then Australia needs to get on board. Luckily, we've got the skills, the motivation, and the ability to ride this Chinese AI wave.
When it comes to future AI, the key is research and development (R&D). You don't just become a global AI leader overnight. You have to spend a couple of decades pushing the boundaries of AI R&D to get there.
And that's exactly what China has done.
The China AI Development Report 2018 was put together by the Chinese Institute for Science and Technology Policy at Tsinghua University.
In their report they highlight that since 1997, China's AI (scientific) paper output as a percentage of global output has grown from around 5% to around 27%.
It also notes that both the US and China have seen AI paper output more than three times the next biggest (UK).
Source: China AI Development Report 2018
[Click to open in a new window]
You can see from the chart China produced 369,588 AI scientific papers from 1997 to 2017. The US comes in second with 327,034. And the UK in third is miles behind with just 96,536.
What you will also see however, is that Australia makes the list with 45,884. And that's important.
Clearly the US and China have made a point to be world leaders in AI R&D. They've put in the yards already. And they'll continue to do so. They can both see there's real economic potential for this technology to give them a leg-up against the other.
But for China to come out on top, it's not the quantity of papers that will get them over the line. It's the quality. This is where Australia's opportunity lies.
There's one more chart in the development report I think is important. It's the highly cited and 'hot' papers.
China and the US dominate the highly cited papers again. But when you look at those as a percentage of papers produced, there's one country that is streets ahead of everyone else…
Australia might not produce the quantity of the US and China. But when it comes to highly cited papers, quality papers, Australia is dominant. This is an indicator that the work being done in Australia on AI R&D is world-leading.
This is an industry opportunity that I believe the Chinese recognise and will continue to tap into over the next decade. If they want to be AI world leaders, they will need to leverage the relationship with Australian R&D and Australian AI developments to get there.
This trade war is merely a façade for the bigger picture. Don't get sucked into the mainstream rhetoric on this. The real picture behind it all is the quest for AI supremacy, that's what China really wants.
But to get there they'll need Australia to help along the way. And that provides a big, lucrative opportunity to tap into for the next decade.
Sam Volkering,
Editor, Money Morning
PS: While US and China continue to bicker about trade deals, Australians have three opportunities to play the volatility. Download our latest investor report: 'The US–China Trade War And The Opportunities Behind It' to find out more about how you can profit.
Sam Volkering
Sam Volkering is an Editor for Money Morning and is small-cap, cryptocurrency and technology expert.
He's not interested in boring blue chip stocks. He's after explosive investments; companies whose shares trade for cents on the dollar, cryptocurrencies that can deliver life-changing returns. He looks for the 'edge of the bell curve' opportunities that are often shunned by those in the financial services industry.
If you'd like to learn about the specific investments Sam is recommending in either small-cap stocks or cryptocurrencies, take a 30-day trial of his small-cap investment advisory Australian Small-Cap Investigator here, or a 30-day trial of his industry leading cryptocurrency service, Sam Volkering's Secret Crypto Network here.
But that's not where Sam's talents end. Sam specialises in finding new, cutting edge tech and translating that research into how the future will look — and where the opportunities lie. It's his job to trawl the world to find, analyse, research and recommend investments in the world's most revolutionary companies.
He recommends the best ones he finds in his premium investment service, Revolutionary Tech Investor. Sam goes to the lengths of the globe and works 24/7 to get these opportunities to you before the mainstream catches on. Click here to take a 30-day no-obligation trial of Revolutionary Tech Investor today.
Websites and financial e-letters Sam writes for:
Sam Volkering's Secret Crypto Network
Microcap Trader
Trader's Corner — Shaking Up the Coke Bottle
Editor : Murray Dawes - 22/01/2022
Another Crypto Ban, Another Irrelevant Narrative
Aussie Investors Aren't Ready for Rate Rises
The Investment Opportunity of a Lifetime
Editor : Selva Freigedo - 19/01/2022

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We all know that women dresses are simply available worldwide. Every girl wants to look her best where she goes. If you are one such girl then it is important for you to read this article. We are going to give you some key tips when it comes to dressing for a nightclub party. You need to have a quality dressing sense. Are you planning to go for a nightclub party? If so, then you need to follow some proper tips and consider some crucial parts in this regard.
If you really want to wow your friends and family members then you need to buy a beautiful outfit for your party. However, it is not as simple as it sounds. You need to wait clear when it comes to the current fashion trends for women. Don't leave anything intact no matter what happens. Be very particular while purchasing some short dresses for yourself. I am sure this would be the best time of your life.You can also explore branded women clothing via https://www.thecoolhour.com/shop-for-love-and-lemons/.
Now, let us discuss some of the key guidance in this regard. Make sure you go through the points given below.
• First of all, you need to check out your lip color carefully. Red or pink can actually make you look good. These are the perfect colors for a night party.
• Lip gloss is an item that can help you in doing some experimentation with your look. You can add a bit of sparkle in your lip gloss.
• The fabric that you wear should be real and soft. Otherwise, it could make you feel tired. This is due to the reason that hard fabrics can be really itchy. You need to remember that casino parties are filled with dancing so it is better to wear clothes that can allow you to dance all night long.To read more on women dressing tips you may hop over here.
These are some of the most valuable things to note regarding a nightclub party. I must tell you that if you work hard then you can surely generate some quick results. You need to get the basic style tips so that you don't end up ruining your entire look. Team up your clothes with some chic accessories. I am sure they would help you look really good.
Previous story Discount party supplies: how can you purchase them?


text:
Tunisia: Blogger Convicted by Military Court. 3 Years in Jail for Facebook Posts
"In a single day, Tunisia's military court imposed prison sentences on a union leader and a blogger for speech offenses, even though neither was present for his trial," said Eric Goldstein, deputy Middle East and North Africa director at Human Rights Watch. "This is not worthy of the new Tunisia."
Yassine Ayari
(Tunis, January 6, 2015) – A Tunisian blogger has been imprisoned after the Tunis military court sentenced him to a three-year term for "defaming the army" and "insulting military high command" through Facebook posts, Human Rights Watch said.
Authorities arrested Yassine Ayari upon his arrival at Tunis-Carthage airport from France on December 24, 2014. On December 25, he appeared before a military judge who informed him that a military court had convicted him in absentia on November 18. In another trial on November 18, the same military court sentenced in absentia Sahbi Jouini, a police union leader, to two years in prison under the same article of the military justice code concerning defamation.
At the December 25 hearing, the judge ordered Ayari's transfer to Mornaguia Prison to begin serving his sentence. International law applicable in Tunisia prohibits the trial of civilians before military courts. Ayari's lawyer, Malek Ben Ammar, requested a retrial, which the court scheduled for January 6, 2015. Jouini is provisionally free, pending his retrial. On December 30, the First Instance military tribunal adjourned his case to February 26, 2015.
Ayari, a Tunisian national who lives in France, has sparked controversy with his posts. A supporter of the unsuccessful presidential candidate Moncef Marzouki, Ayari published attacks on the eventual winner of the December 21 vote, Béji Caïd Essebsi. In August and September, Ayari published several Facebook posts criticizing Minister of Defense Ghazi Jeribi for refusing to appoint a new head for military intelligence, and for weakening military institutions. He also made the same allegation that led to the conviction of Jouini, namely that the Defense Ministry had received, but failed to act on, precise advance intelligence about an attack by militants on July 16, 2014, that killed 16 soldiers and wounded another 23 in the Chaambi Mountains area close to the Algerian border.
Article 91 of Tunisia's code of military justice authorizes up to three years imprisonment for anyone who "commits … outrages against the flag or the army, offenses against the dignity, reputation or morale of the army, or acts to undermine military discipline, obedience and due respect to superiors or criticizes the action of military hierarchy or the military officers, offending their dignity."
Ayari's indictment, prepared by the military investigative judge in the first bureau of the Tunis Military Court and dated November 11, 2014, shows that the investigative judge opened an investigation on the basis of Facebook posts by Ayari from August and September 2014. The investigative judge concluded that Ayari's posts had defamed the army command and that they could harm the "morale" of the armed forces. In the course of his investigation, the investigative judge interrogated six witnesses, all named in Ayari's posts, who alleged that Ayari revealed military secrets by disclosing confidential information about their nomination to their positions in the army and that he intentionally harmed their reputation and consequently weakened discipline among the soldiers under their command. The investigative judge charged Ayari with the offenses of "harming the dignity of the army" and of "defaming army high command resulting in undermining military discipline."
The prosecution of persons for defaming the army or other state institutions is incompatible with Tunisia's obligations under article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). In 2011 the United Nations Human Rights Committee (HRC) issued guidance to states parties on their free speech obligations under article 19 that emphasized the high value that the ICCPR places upon uninhibited expression "in circumstances of public debate concerning public figures in the political domain and public institutions," adding that "State parties should not prohibit criticism of institutions, such as the army or the administration." In its recent ruling Lohé Issa Konaté v. Burkina Faso, the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights considered that criminal penalties for acts of defamation were incompatible with the African Charter on Human and People's Rights.
Tunisia's 2014 constitution in article 31 protects the right to free speech. Moreover, article 49 of the constitution states that any restrictions imposed on the human rights that the constitution guarantees "must not compromise the essence of such rights; must not be imposed except where necessary in a civil and democratic society to protect the rights of others, public order, national defense, public health, or public morals; and that such restrictions must be proportionate to the intended objective."
Moreover, trying Ayari and Jouini, both civilians, before a military tribunal violates the norm of international law that military courts should not have jurisdiction over civilians, Human Rights Watch said. The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, Principles and Guidelines on the right to fair trial and legal assistance in Africa state that military courts should not "in any circumstances whatsoever have jurisdiction over civilians."
After the ouster of President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011, the interim government overhauled the military justice system. Decree no. 69 of July 29, 2011, introduced many important reforms but did not eliminate the jurisdiction that military courts have over civilians and over non-military offenses committed by military personnel.
Trying a defendant in absentia can undermine some of the defendant's basic rights to a fair trial, including the right to be present, to be defended by counsel of the person's choice, and to examine witnesses. International law disfavors but does not prohibit trials in absentia. National systems that maintain the practice should, at minimum, institute procedural safeguards to ensure the defendant's basic rights. Ayari's trial in absentia does not seem to meet those standards. While the military court claims it notified him at his known address, his lawyer and family told Human Rights Watch that they had changed their address and that the military court knew about it because they had sent them correspondence on previous litigation relating to damages for the killing of Taher Ayari, Yassine's father, who was shot dead in May 18, 2011, in an attack by a radical Islamist group. Yassine was immediately sent to prison to serve his sentence pending his retrial, without the opportunity to defend himself in court.
The Tunisian parliament should reform all laws that lead to prison terms for offenses that involve defaming or insulting state institutions. They should also change the mandate of the military tribunals to remove jurisdiction of military courts over civilian defendants.
"Repressive laws like article 91 of the military justice code should have no place in a country where basic human rights are the foundation of its new constitution," Goldstein said. "As long as such laws remain, those in power can't resist the temptation to silence criticism and dissent."
For more Human Rights Watch reporting on Tunisia, please visit:
http://www.hrw.org/middle-eastn-africa/tunisia
– In Tunis, Amna Guellali (English, French, Arabic): +216-24-485-324 (mobile); or guellaa@hrw.org. Follow on Twitter @aguellaa.
– In Washington, DC, Eric Goldstein (English, French): +1-917-519-4736 (mobile); or goldstr@hrw.org. Follow on Twitter @goldsteinricky.
– In Amman, Fadi Al-Qadi (English, Arabic): +962-7-9699-2396 (mobile); or qadif@hrw.org. Follow on Twitter @fqadi.
arrest	blogger	Facebook	free s	Justice militaire
Human Rights Watch est l'une des principales organisations indépendantes au monde qui se consacrent à la protection et à la défense des droits humains. En attirant l'attention internationale sur les situations où les droits humains sont violés, nous donnons une voix aux opprimés et nous exigeons que les oppresseurs répondent de leurs crimes.
Tous les articles @nawaat
عيوب تشوب المحاكمات العسكرية لجرائم القتل التي حصلت أثناء الانتفاضة
Les procès devant la justice militaire des auteurs d'exécutions extrajudiciaires présentent de graves lacunes
Tunisia: Investigate Alleged Abuse in Prison – Two Detainees Report Beatings, Torture
(Will not be publishd)
Home Nawaat in English Tunisia: Blogger Convicted by Military Court. 3 Years in Jail for Facebook Posts
Filtrer le contenu de Nawaat
Langue du contenu
Format du contenu
Vous pouvez rapidement filtrer tout le contenu de Nawaat pour ne voir que ce qui vous intéresse.
Les thèmes de Nawaat
Reformism
À propos de Nawaat
Nawaat est une plateforme collective indépendante fondée en avril 2004 et bloquée en Tunisie jusqu'au 13 janvier 2011. Ayant reçu de nombreux prix, Nawaat focalise sur de nombreux sujets sous des angles rarement abordés par les médias dominants, y compris en ligne. Ces sujets portent sur la démocratie, la transparence, la bonne gouvernance, la Justice, les libertés et les droits fondamentaux. Nawaat produits des informations, des analyses de fonds et des investigations via une variété de formats. Alimentée par près de mille auteurs et par une équipe de journalistes professionnels et de blogueurs, notre plateforme puise son contenu par un contact direct sur le terrain et via des contributions d'activistes, de lanceurs d'alerte et des citoyens impliqués dans la chose publique, surtout lorsque ladite chose publique souffre de dysfonctionnements. Nous sommes très impliqués au niveau de la protection de la vie privée, la défense de la liberté d'expression, l'OpenData et le droit d'accès à l'information et aux documents publics.
The Reporters Without Borders
Netizen Prize, 2011
The Electronic Frontier Foundation Award
The EFF Pioneer Award, 2011
The Index on Censorship Award
Free Expression Awards, 2011
The Digital Power Index
Arab eContent Award, 2012
OpenGovTn Awards
OpenGovTn Media Award, 2012
Akademia Prize
University of Manouba, Tunis, 2012
National Union of Tunisian Journalists Award
Best interactive website, 2015
12, Rue du Sénégal, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère.
Vidéo Prod
13 Rue Salaheddine Ayyoubi, 1082 Mutuelle ville, Tunis.
contact@nawaat.org


text:
Q: Do null objects always have to be specified in latest c# code? Please consider the following code:
public IList<string> DoSomething(SomeModel model)
{
    if (model == null)
    {
        return new List<string> {"model is null"};
    }

    ...
}

When I wrote the above code I keep getting a suggestion from Resharper that says "Expression is always false"
But I don't understand why because the expression here can most definitely be true if I pass a null object.
Now consider me calling this method:
DoSomething(null);

Here I get a warning from resharper that says Cannot convert null literal to non-nullable reference type.
Is there some new change in c# code that I'm just simply not aware of? We have to explicitly now specify null objects and if so what is the new "null" value?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As part of our commitment to children's learning and development we provide children with a wide range of activities and experiences, including extra curricula activities with external companies, one of which is Maxim Sports.
Maxim Sports is a sports coaching organisation which runs Little Feet Multi-Sports sessions across Suffolk and Essex with highly qualified coaches at Level2 and beyond, all with appropriate DBS checks and First Aid. The sessions take place with our 2-3 year olds and our 3-5 year olds each week. Sessions include a variety of sports from football to tennis.


text:
Gawd this article makes it sound like gay sex culture is dominated by naked lust and toxic masculinity. Meanwhile the public gay culture seeks acceptance in mainstream society with equality laws that support gay marriage. A rather extreme dichotomy.
But the toxic aspect ain't what I've seen in the few gay people I've known over the years – they're just regular boring mainstream people like everyone else.
You must know some square queens.
Reply to Max Price
Funnily enough I did think that too initially when I managed my first gay bloke, but as the 'template' repeated itself over the years I was quite pleased to find the handful of gay blokes I met and managed through work, and in due course became (platonic) friends with, were actually quite mundane compared to myself. Rather contradicted what we get told about in dramas and articles such as that above.
I even celebrated with them their gay marriages, but never let on that I'm not comfortable with the concept of using the same descriptors (husband, etc).
Last edited 3 months ago by Ian Stewart
So you're a boring, middle class, suburban male, just like the rest of them. Your comment proves nothing.
The gay guys I know, from being in and around the gay community are debaucherous. I stand by my initial comment.
Maurice Austin
Funny, the ones I know from being part of my gay community are as square as I am. Gardening. Cocoa. Furniture restoration. And other such libertine behaviour. We have simply experienced different varieties of gay man, I suspect.
Derek Bryce
Many are. I certainly was in my 20s/30s. Nowadays I value slippers and an early night.
Leejon 0
Who talks to their boss about the intricacies of their sex life?
Reply to Leejon 0
I used to get to know my teams and their issues very well – they were my mates – probably a boring middle class suburban habit in Brett H's view! 🙂
of course, but they were really, really not telling you about their sex life as it really is. They were telling you what you wanted to hear. Something we learned to do almost before we had a sex life. A rite of passage, almost!
Not the mechanical details of course, but certainly their relationship problems. I was happy as a mate to counsel as best as I could.
Of course, that is honourable and humane, it is what friends do, and I applaud it. I would hope that my friends would do the same for me, and me them. But! That is not what what the article is dealing with, is it?
Last edited 3 months ago by Lee Jones
Wilfred Davis
Isn't that a bit of an oxymoron?
Surely 'queen' connotes flamboyance, even extravagance of behaviour.
Whereas 'square' connotes understatement and conformity.
Reply to Wilfred Davis
Don't be so literal.
Chauncey Gardiner
Ha! Well said.
I definitely know some number of "square queens". But, there is that population of gay men who seem to be like the worst of men and the worst of women in one package. One sees such archetypes in film–like "Looking for Mr. Goodbar" (1977).
So. What does the distribution of bay men look like? How may are "squares". How many are rapacious?
Over the years I've been told of some number rapes. Oddly, most of the victims in this non-random sample are men. One involved a fellow just going off to a bar. He ended up getting drugged and then waking up the next morning in the bushes in the city park.
Nothing to be done about it, so he just went home, cleaned up, and got on with life. Until he developed this strange infection. He had developed AIDS.
Yes. There are some evil, rapacious people out there. And many of them are gay men. They ain't victims. They're victimizers.
"Meanwhile the public gay culture seeks acceptance in mainstream society with equality laws that support gay marriage"
I suspect its a small percentage of gay men who want that. There's a lot of hetero men who don't want marriage, too.
Last edited 3 months ago by Brett H
Gay marriage was the pet project of a few very wealthy and influential gay men who wanted this. Meanwhile the rest of us suffered in the workplace for their dalliance into politics. Before gay marriage most of us needed protection in the workplace and in housing. The gay marriage advocates were unconcerned with this.
Alison Wren
Reply to D T
Marriage was always designed to attach men to children to ensure inheritance and fidelity (more for the woman in many cases). And widows pensions were there to support the person (usually female) who had foregone (or been removed from) jobs and career advancement as a consequence of having children. Legal marriage is not about love, and now we can reliably attach any man to his offspring it's time to abolish it for all. Gay marriages rarely result in children so the pensions are unnecessary!!
Reply to Alison Wren
"Marriage was always designed to attach men to children to ensure inheritance and fidelity"
Was it? You mix up ancient ideas of marriage and modern ideas of women and jobs and career advancement. And do I understand you want to abolish marriage because it's not about love? But that's not true, is it?
Legal marriage is about the Law. And is frequently abused. I prefer to separate monogamy and love from legal entitlement to support from another adult that's what's modern about my approach. Children should be supported by both parents adults should be financially autonomous because women are now in the labour force in large numbers. Too many old men trapped into marriage meaning their children lose all their inheritance. Having been born under King George I see more and more examples (and know a lot about the law) of why it's a bad idea and now definitely one since he advent of DNA testing.
That's just the thing. Marriage isn't a right. It's a social obligation intended to curtail exactly the kind of behaviour amongst men, that is considered acceptable in certain gay men.
Agree about the fact that most gay people you meet being boring and mainstream. Where is the fun in that though, if you are looking for victims?
I did tactfully get into cultural discussions with the few gay blokes I knew, in order to understand their views – and every one of them hated the gay exhibitionism, gay victimhood, Mardi Gras parades and the gay stereotypes. Very reassuring – and I suspect the same goes for trans people too. Their situation gets hijacked by leftist extremists.
Mark M Breza
So all your gay friends are right wing conservatives ?
It is of course possible that your insane ramblings about 'us gays' is not the result of a deep understanding based on those few you have conversed with. But rather inherent bigotry and not a small amount of hubris with regards to your knowledge. But what do I know? I've only lived as a gay man, along with my partner of 35 years, without a 'manager' as gracious and wise as yourself. If only I had known that ignorant straight men had all the answers.
Marriage is neither a right, nor is it an obligation, it is a social convention. One that I would aver was not instigated to stop homosexuality but rather to produce and rear children in a safe, loving and educational environment, leading to, of course, a stable society. Your use of the word 'victims' perhaps is an insight as to how you view personal relationships. Creepy!
Betsy Arehart
Except when they go to saunas?
Talk about straight dichotomy most porn is heterosexual ?
It seems to me that men don't like complications, gay or not. This might create problems but it's a fact of life. Lesbians used to accuse gay men of not being political enough, but they knew what they wanted and politics wasn't part of it.
The problem here is, that straight men are expected to face "complications" and "politics" whether they like it it or not.
And if any straight men behaved the way gay men did, in terms of promiscuity, lack of commitment, drugs usage or sexual depravity, they would be crucified.
The underlying issue is that gay men, like women, have to treated absolutely equal…at their option, and when convenient they have to be treated as "different"
Only because they've committed themselves to the institution of marriage, which has certain conditions attached, and for obviously good reasons. Unmarried men behave exactly as they feel like: promiscuity, drugs, sexual depravity.
Unmarried men behave exactly as they feel like: promiscuity, drugs, sexual depravity.
No, they absolutely do not. If straight men were to behave towards women in the manner of gay men – as described by the writer – they would very quickly have criminal records.
So they don't take drugs, they're not promiscuous and they don't get involved in depraved sex? Is that what you're saying?
Nope. Read again.
I expressly referred to unrestrained sexual approaches without concern for the wishes of the other person – as described by the writer. In the sauna, for example: having to play whackamole with prying hands.
Men behaving like that towards women would soon be in trouble with the law.
"I expressly referred to unrestrained sexual approaches without concern for the wishes of the other person "
Your comment was a little vague about what you were referring to. I see now that you meant the approaches made towards other men. But I was talking about promiscuity and drugs used among unmarried men that is no different than gay men, and you'll also see that I was responding to a comment by Samir Iker. So when you said "they absolutely do not" you were referring to something I had not said.
So male><female sex is always tender ?
So most gay men -as described by the gay writer are criminals ?
Julian Townsend
"Equal" is not a synonym of "identical". Equallity for gay people doesn't have to mean adopting the norms of heterosexuality.
Last edited 1 month ago by Julian Townsend
R Wright
What an essay. It makes perfect sense to me now why so many gay men catch STIs.
Reply to R Wright
And that's a problem for who?
In a country with a national health service, the taxpayers.
Actually, anyone who also has to bear the costs. Which might include additional healthcare resources and costs in such cases. And what else might have been done with those. What economists call "externalities". It is unlikely this is not at some cost to society in general.
Reply to Peter B
So the moral police get to chose who gets health care. Just like those who said the unvaccinated for Covid didn't deserve hospital care. Hetero men and women get STDs, you know. Should they also be denied care?
Not what I said at all. I merely answered the question you asked and stated that such behaviour pushes costs onto others. I made no statement on what we should do about it. You made that bit up.
Do you factually disagree with what I actually said ?
Yes, you said the problem is for those who bear the cost. I get that. But why is it a problem for them? Is it because they think it's money wasted? Would you have the same feeling about girls getting pregnant by accident? Where do you draw the line about who gets health care and who doesn't? And of course you're speaking for others who may not hold the view that it's a problem, anyway.
Guy Pigache
Agreed. Let's extend the principle: fall off a horse, concussion on a rugby pitch, crash your motorcycle? All your lifestyle choices, therefore no free NHS for you! Despite the fact that you get no choice about having to pay for it.
Funding the NHS through general taxation and making it (substantially) free at the point of use is a model this country is wedded to. A rather unpleasant side-effect is that "taxpayers" think that gives them the right to dictate the lifestyles of other people
Julian Farrows
If you wear protection and get regular check-ups, you should be ok.
It costs £11,000 per person/year to treat HIV on the NHS. That's a lot of taxpayer's money.
Reply to Derek Smith
And so? What are you saying. They're undeserving of it?
Tony Buck
They will be when health rationing starts (soon) since they will – quite rightly – go to somewhere near the back of the healthcare queue.
The West is becoming poorer and less politically and economically stable.
Reply to Tony Buck
Along with alcoholics, obese people, those in car accidents, pregnant girls, heteros with STDs, non taxpayers, unemployed. Where does it end?
With prosperous, employed people who haven't pursued risky lifestyles getting preference – reasonably enough.
And among those at the tail end of the queue, a dogfight based on electoral clout. There are more heterosexuals than homosexuals, more obese people than self-destructively promiscuous, cruising gays.
Not sure if I get your point. Is it that everyone's entitled to care but there's a pecking order, a queue that prioritises?
"For the first time in a decade, the number of new HIV diagnoses among heterosexuals is higher than for gay and bisexual men, according to new figures for England from the UK Health Security Agency."
Should they go to the back of the queue?
Possibly because most gay men now get their very expensive pre-exposure prophylaxis drugs on the NHS???
I'm saying there's a cost, born by the taxpayer. That is the 'problem for who' that you're talking about.
Yes, I understand that. Are you saying they're undeserving of the help they get?
M. Jamieson
It doesn't stay in that population, it always moves out into the general population. It also means there is a reservoir where diseases can evolve. Many STIs are now evolving significant antibiotic resistance.
So it ultimately affects the population as a whole.
Reply to M. Jamieson
You seem to think gays invented STDs.
Not at all, but a very large proportion of STIs are found in the gay male population – for example in the US more than 80% of syphilis cases are in gay men. You certainly don't see numbers like that among lesbians – behaviour makes a difference, and numbers make a difference from a public health perspective.
Bigots, as we can see. These people shame me by comprising my humanity with my disgust of them.
The idea that feminists are setting standards for the behaviour of gay men is ludicrous.
Their post-modern, neo-Marxist ideology is totally alien to gay relationships.
Reply to William Shaw
Well, why not? We have men telling us what a being a woman feels like, muslims telling us about the importance of preserving the rights of religious minorities, blacks complaining about racial violence, gays demanding the right to marriage while merrily sleeping with more partners than a busload of straight men….
Besides, it's not as if feminists would be setting any standards for themselves, so i guess the rest of u so have to put up with their efforts.
What do you expect from feminists? Every man is a target.
Allison Barrows
I'm a straight female and I reject the standards they're trying to set for me, too.
Richard Craven
This article only succeeds in making homosexuality seem alien and gross.
Reply to Richard Craven
Come on. You're smarter than that.
I was talking about the article, not my personal views on homosexuality. I'm not bothered about men who prefer men, and I approve of gay marriage.
Okay. Point taken.
Philip Stott
This article only succeeds in making me glad that I'm married.
Dating for young men seems like a minefield now whether gay or straight.
B Davis
Interesting point. Did you expect something else?
Homosexuality is indeed inherently 'alien' isn't it? Alien in the sense that it is dissimilar to heterosexuality….from a culture different from the majority/mainstream culture… the society inhabited by the 94% of us who are heterosexual.
As for gross….certainly for the 94% who are sexually attracted to the opposite sex , same sex attraction & engagement would indeed tend to be perceived as 'gross' and 'unnatural', wouldn't it? How could it not?
But the fact that homosexual behavior may be alien to most and distasteful to many does not mean it cannot be accepted within the wider society. Just because most of us find tofu to be alien and gross doesn't mean tofu-eaters should be outlawed.
Of course it also doesn't mean that all of us who believe tofu to be disgusting should be compelled to embrace it, either. [Perhaps one of the drivers behind the cinematic crash & burn which seems to be "Bros"]
One of the many advantages to living in a free world!
Christopher Raymond
You mean it makes straight men jealous.
Matt Hindman
Maybe gay men ignored MeToo because it was never about them and it was about the relationships between men and women?
Reply to Matt Hindman
Maybe they just don't care.
The operative word is "men", not "gay'.
Me too was never about use of force (physical, drugs, blackmail), which is the real definition of rape. If it was, Rotherham, Rochdale or "minority" dominated urban US areas would be in the spotlight.
No, it was all about "regret" rape.
And the crux of the issue is that if any man, gay or straight, slept with someone willingly (often for months) and then accused him / her of rape two years later, he would be a figure of derision and contempt.
It's only our oppressed, highly educated women working in media or education who are allowed to suffer from this epidemic.
Last edited 3 months ago by Samir Iker
I'm divided between MeToo being a distraction from the outing of prominent Hollywood paedos and failed actresses who had thought that blowing the producer on the casting couch would make up for their lack of talent only to discover that it didn't.
Reply to Lindsay S
It was also due to outrage over Trump winning in 2016, yet it seemed to take down a lot more men who voted Democrat.
Very little to do with Trump mate, stop casting the orange draft dodger as some sort of libertine hero, the self-obsessed Trump has never had an adult relationship with a normal woman in his entire status-obsessed life, just gold diggers who couldn't care less if he dropped dead tomorrow.
"Outrage over Trump winning". Yes, that's really stretching it, and desperate.
It's simple. They're both playing the game.
Ali W
Is there something to the Kevin Spacey – Anthony Rapp accusations I'm not getting? It keeps getting called sexual assault, has the definition changed from forced penetration? But the accounts I've read describe it as Kevin Spacey making sexual advances (climbing on top of him on a bed) towards an underage Anthony Rapp, but Rapp rejected the advances and nothing happened.
I'm not denying the encounter seems highly inappropriate and unfortunate, but it kind of seems like poorly conducted daddy culture to me.
I'm aware that other men have made accusations of actual sexual assault, but from what I've read, the Anthony Rapp encounter doesn't qualify. It seems like many publications, including this one, are playing fast and loose with definitions.
Rasmus Fogh
Reply to Ali W
Google the legal definition of 'assault,' and this is what you find:
an intentional act by one person that creates an apprehension in another of an imminent harmful or offensive contact.
Note that all it takes is an act that creates 'apprehension' of an 'offensive contact'. In the lighter versions this is minor stuff indeed, but because 'assault' sounds so hard-core, people think it is something much worse. It does not help that many campaigners deliberately (?) confuse 'sexual assault' and rape. This allows them to say that attacks on women are both extremely comon (sexual assault), and extremely serious (rape), and gloss over the fact that the common acts are not serious and the serious acts are not common.
Reply to Rasmus Fogh
I'm no expert here either, but aren't we risking straying into subjective justice if we criminalise the perceived intention to commit a crime rather than the crime itself (which may not have been committed) ?
I too had always assumed assault to be something physical which had actually happened and caused physical (or psychological) damage.
Isn't an individual's claimed perception that something will cause them damage actually a different offence and not assault ? Certainly, there are offences in this area, some of them serious. But surely let's give them appropriate titles ?
There are some echoes of the subjectivity of "hate crime" here (and alleged thought crimes in general) that make me feel a little uneasy about where our legal principles are going.
This subjective justice is already in full-swing in the form of hate-crime being a distinct category in criminal justice.
edit to add: I think the most troubling thing in current legal discourse is the continuing effort to outlaw being an asshole.
Last edited 3 months ago by wallace.alexandra.88
I agree with you about hate crimes and the like, but it has always been the law that assault can be committed without physical contact.
The point is whether the person 'on the receiving end' has a reasonable fear that they might be struck, grappled with, or whatever, as a result of the other person's behaviour even before physical contact (if indeed there is any).
In other words, it's not just what happens in the mind of the potential assailant (in other words, mere intention). It's what the potential assailant's behaviour causes to happen in the mind of the 'recipient'.
Hence the phrase 'assault and battery': there can be an assault that stops short of battery.
You're absolutely right…but you're too generous. It is not the intention to create a 'crime' which is at question here, rather it is the intention (or the fact) of behaving in a manner which is unwanted.
The unwanted behavior may very well be entirely non-criminal, but it becomes sexual assault if that behavior (say a kiss on a date) is defined by the 'kissee' as unwanted…at the time the kiss occurs….or two hours later when a resident adviser convinces her she doesn't have to tolerate unwanted kisses.
It's crazy, no question.
Good God that definition is preposterous… I guess it's been a long time since I've taken mandatory training for work that defines these types of things. This sneaky changing of definitions over the last decade has made the world an infinitely more stupid place.
If you're using Google for definitions, you're getting curated narrative, not meaning.
Reply to Allison Barrows
I got this one from https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/assault,
Alternatively, https://www.sentencingcouncil.org.uk/news/item/assault-offences-explained/ gives much the same thing
"A person is guilty of common assault if they either inflict violence on another person – however slight this might be – or make that person think they are about to be attacked."
OK, searching instead for the more precise "sexual assault" gives (https://www.cps.gov.uk/crime-info/sexual-offences)
Sexual assault is where one person intentionally touches another person sexually without their consent. The touching can be done with any part of the body or with an object.
Where is the 'curated narrative' in that?
I am not a lawyer, and using Google to look for an official definition seems both safe and unavoidable. Anyway, either definition of 'assault' includes acts that cause little or no damage or distress – which was my original point. According to Wilfred Davis (above), who sounds more knowledgable than I am, this has always been the law.
Andrew D
These definitions seem fine. The earlier one you googled ('an apprehension in another of an imminent harmful or offensive contact') is so open to (mis)interpretation as to be meaningless
Reply to Andrew D
Personally I do not see the big difference between
But anyway I suspect that the actual aplication of that law has been fairly reasonable in practice.
As a very brief (an therefore necessarily incomplete) definition, it's a pretty good summary, although – in English law, at least – it would be improved by qualifying 'apprehension' with 'reasonable'.
I'm grateful to m'learned friend, but struggle with the equation of 'offensive contact' (whatever that is) with assault
Practically everyone on the tube in rush hour is being assaulted then???
You can spend days chasing the so-called 'legal' definition of 'sexual assault' (which is different from just 'assault') and at the end of that time arrive back where you began, knowing only that…well…it depends upon what the so-called 'victim' says it is.
According to RAINN (Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network) a Sexual Assault is: "sexual contact or behavior that occurs without explicit consent of the victim." What, we ask, is NOT a sexual behavior?
When men and women interact, the very fact of their sexual being and inherent sexual attraction (or presumed sexual attraction) tends to cast all of their interactions into a potentially 'sexual' mode and every behavior potentially sexually tinted.
The DOJ defines sexual assault as " any nonconsensual sexual act". Same thing. What is a sexual act… what isn't? Nor is the condition of consent one which needs (depending upon the Court or Board) any real proof. Rather, in demonstrated case after case, we see the accused having to, instead, demonstrate proof that they had obtained what the 'victim' says they did not give.
And so we return to the understanding that sexual assault is indeed, anything of a sexual nature which is unwanted where the unwanting is known only by the 'victim' who is under no compulsion to communicate her 'unwanting' condition.
Affirmative Consent…which increasingly is becoming a 'sexual assault' standard, is insane.
It's been insane from the get-go.
When California first tumbled down this rabbit hole, one of the authors of the bill, California Assemblywoman Bonnie Lowenthal was asked: 'How would affirmative consent be proven?' Her answer: "Your guess is a good as mine."
She might more accurately have said, "It can't."
It is impossible to prove that consent was given — if one's partner said it was not. It is impossible to prove that consent was maintained, if one's partner said it was withdrawn. Add to this the notion that even if consent is proven (somehow), such consent is not valid IF…the woman has been subject to male persuasion ("C'mon…")….or psychological pressure ("You know you wanna!")….or threat (as in, and I quote, the threat to "no longer love them"). Equally consent nominally received is invalid if the woman in question has been drinking (and God knows people don't ever drink on Saturday night!).
Needless to say, the male , in all these cases is absolutely responsible….well, because he's male.
Seems pretty clear to me.
Then there a few times in my (distant) past when I was "assaulted" and didn't know it.
Yeah, and it's a bit weird that Stacey's behaviour in the terms described for gay culture in the article above is merely 'flirtatious'. A great pity too as it's deprived us of one of the best actors in the last thirty years.
Fortunately there are enough great actors out there that no one even misses Spacey.
Why wouldn't it be assault if someone grabs a 14 year old by the buttocks and forces them onto a bed? That is part of what happened to Rapp. I am just happy for Rapp that he was able to get away and wasn't raped by the creep.
Last edited 3 months ago by D T
Brendan Ross
It's very true that male homosexuality isn't subject to the same dynamics as heterosexuality is, because there are no women — that should be obvious to even the most casual observer. And therefore it makes sense that the same kinds of "new rules" exploration that has been going on in the disastrous situation that heterosexuality finds itself in, currently, in our cultures should not be carried over to the homosexual sphere, because that simply is deploying them out of their proper context.
You may wish, however, to take careful note of the developments inside the fraught and very troubled world of present-day heterosexuality, because the two worlds — the gay and the straight — are now largely linked in the eyes the average person due to the rise of gay marriage/unions and the "normalization" of homosexuality in the popular culture. Many will expect the same norms to apply across the board, because the entire argument was that, but for the narrow issue of the sex of the target of one's attraction, gays and straights were the same. Many will therefore take a dim view of any "special pleading", regardless of how logical and sensible it may be (and it is both … again, because no women are present in the gay male context, so applying similar rules is illogical). You will find yourselves under a lot of pressure to conform to broader "straight" norms, as they continue to develop, because now the straight world sees you as "the same" as they are.
A case of "be careful what you wish for", it seems to me.
Leanne B
I don't understand why the words "Queer spaces" is used here. Queer spaces are places where men invade lesbian clubs and women invade men's saunas. What gay man or lesbian wants that?
Jonathan Sidaway
Interesting. The scene described not for me – happily civil partnershipped: marriage is for women and men – but I've always felt that post-liberation, women, black people and the same-sex-attracted are different categories, which can be compared for the purposes of showing how incomparable in a lot of ways these groups are. The now forgotten Pincher case, for instance: the men groped were (I understand, perhaps wrongly) pretty much of the same class as Pincher: different things can be said abt striving actors and that American actor . Was it really as bad for the Carlton club people as sexual assault by a six foot man on a woman? Sex differences matter.
John Lammi
Why should gay men pay attention to the prescriptions of angry controlling women. I certainly wish these women would stay silent about gay men.
#MeToo is simply amplified hysteria…and it's amplified, seemingly exclusively, in the heterosexual community.
But the amplification occurs NOT because so-called 'fraught conflicts' are exclusively heterosexual. (How could they be??) But because half of the heterosexual pair-bond has been primed for perpetual victimhood by stridently outraged, 4th Wave Feminism…itself amplified by the State via the much ballyhooed (and entirely bogus) calculation that 25% of all women are already Victims (and THAT, they tell us, is horribly under-reported!)
So what is 'sexual assault'? According to the Title IX Mavens who patrol our Colleges & Capitols, it is something 'uwanted'. This unwanting need only be a momentary thing. It can be preceded and even followed by significant periods of 'wanting'. Nor does the Unwanting even need to be communicated to one's partner. It need only be a sensation experienced, before, during, or after the fact at issue.
Sexual Assault can be an unwanted kiss, a wayward look, an unappreciated joke, a rude comment, a pat on the butt, an awkward embrace, a crude proposition, a persistent & obnoxious request ("So, like, do you wanna go out the Saturday after next Saturday?). And more, sexual assault is regretted sex, unhappy break-ups, bad sex, spurned sex, …the list of unwanted stuff is endless.
I knew a man once who was accused of sexual assault because…on his desk…he had a 5X7 picture of his wife….on vacation….at a beach….wearing a bikini. He had to take it down.
The truth is Adult Sex is a full-contact sport. Men know this; women used to know it. The 'sexual dance' which precedes direct & explicit sexual engagement is filled with sexual advances, sexual retreats, and exploratory sexual maneuvers. Each potential partner 'scouts' the other to discover potential levels of shared interest, and they do this with the very behaviors which fill the lists of Unwanting.
It's not, of course, that any particular behavior, in and of itself, is always, perpetually bad or wrong (except for the violent and criminal)…it's that all of those behaviors can be perceived by the primed-victim to be assaultive (if they so choose). Thus the insanity of Affirmative Consent as pushed by those same strident 4th Wavers and the Deans of the Zampolit.
Why has the idiocy of #MeToo not infected the Gay Male Community? Because it would kill the Community. If the 'sexual dance' becomes — via #Metoo Doctrine & Dogma — a cold calculation negotiated by lawyers, why bother dancing? Why are men not #MeTooists? Because all the Commissars of Sexual Assault are women telling women, men are toxic….and if all men are toxic, the world itself dies.
Michelle Johnston
This article moves in on and undermines the idea that Gay Men are no more or less capable of certain dynamics between two people as any other combination.
If they want and believe they should enjoy special dispensation, an opt-out, in judgements as it were, then that assumes as the article indicates that for instance, Gay Male relationships cultivate a unique and different set of norms which should be judged differently.
Ironically I have always believed that the dynamic between two men is capable of a unique and different atmosphere and it is down to a rather obvious point two men together represent the strongest possible physical potential achievable aggressive interaction.
As a single alpha female, I love the company of gay men, they bring a whole load of stuff to the party, often very handsome, attentive, exquisite manners and artistic, knowledgable and witty and none of it is about being invited up for a coffee at the end of the evening which is a relief for all concerned.
The people I find infinitely more complicated to deal with are other women.
Their ambiguous flirtatiousness is very tiresome. Much less Me/Too more Me/What?
Last edited 3 months ago by Michelle Johnston
Reply to Michelle Johnston
As a very non alpha female who does not approve of homosexual behavior, I do concur about gay men being pleasant for women to be around in all the ways you describe.
Last edited 3 months ago by betsyarehart
The author is wrong, gay men definitely need a MeToo movement. Drugging predators are rampant in gay spaces and the targets are usually disadvantaged young gay men, often black or brown. Men go to these spaces looking for friends and community and instead find drug dealers and the drug crowd. At this point I am in favor of all gay bars shutting down, they readily allow the drug crowd in to preserve themselves and have become vile. This is I think the primary reason why the queer bars are taking their place, most of us don't want to go into the vile environment of a gay bar or club. Men in gay spaces inherently blame the victims not the predators. What the chemsex crowd is doing is reprehensible to these young men, many of them are unknowingly being turned into addicts. Internalized homophobia leads these guys to drug raping other gay men and it is common in our spaces. When you consider that drug rape is how most of the gay serial killers started out it is pretty clear that these guys have the exact same regard for the lives of others. Additionally, it is incredible to me that a lot of gay men consider drug rape a form of sex rather than recognize it as a violent crime.
It very well may be that many young women often find relationships with older men harmful (although clearly for some women they aren't) — but this logic shouldn't be wholesale applied to gay relationships with their own longings and dynamics. It's unwise to encourage commentators and researchers to apply their own criteria of "healthy sex" to gay men — or indeed any group — who do not see their experiences as problematic. What counts as a predatory violation for some may not be for others.
This could basically be applied to any scenario. "If other people don;t find x problematic you should just assume the problem you see isn't relevant."
I'm not sure that excuses taking a hard look at what can be very exploitative relationships. Because it's pretty normal for people in such relationships to tell everyone that actually they are ok.
jonathan carter-meggs
Well that tells it as it is, rather than how those who are not part of yhe group want it to be.
Douglas McNeish
Why ever should the dictates of controlling #Me Too women be imposed upon men with no intention whatever of engaging in sex with women?
The response of any gay men should of course be "Our bodies, our choice." Those victimhood-embracing women who view masculinity as toxic should celebrate keeping that toxic sexual behaviour soley inter-male, and far away from them. Unless, of course, this is really all about control.
Malcolm Knott
Celebrating promiscuity is not an attractive trait in any man or woman, gay or straight. I am sure many gay men find it distasteful, to say the least.
Last edited 3 months ago by Malcolm Knott
S Ash
david lee ballard
"Gay" people ignore things we don't want to be bothered with because "Gay" is a construct of the Western bourgeois, and wholly an expression of the norms and socioeconomic privileges of that milieu, that's the "Gay" gaslighting you in this article. "you can't question our privilege because we suck c***"? This seems the core of the argument. This is why I can no longer "identify" with the +.
Noel Chiappa
The rules that women want don't work for gay men because . . (wait for it) . . men and wowen are different. What a shock (to the woke idiots, of course).
Penny Adrian
"norms designed to stop the predatory behaviour of men towards women may be ill-suited to the dynamics of sex between men."
Spot on!!! Thank you. I feel the same way about the difference between two men – or two women – engaging in BDSM, and a heterosexual couple engaging in BDSM. Big difference. Huge.
Reply to Penny Adrian
Why the difference? Large numbers of women enjoy BDSM.
They do? Innocent me!
Reply to Betsy Arehart
Well as you can see, Max knows an awful lot about women.
What is the big difference?
If it's consensual, there's no moral difference whatsoever.
The fact is that lots of people, gay, straight or in between like the power dynamics of sex. This includes lots (most) straight women that get off on men being more powerful than them and using that power in the bedroom. For the most part, they love it. This might offend your feminist sensibilities but it's a fact. I'm not going to say that these little ladies don't know their own minds or are conditioned by society or whatever. I have too much respect for women to do that.
Nicky Samengo-Turner
Frankly who gives a damn? Yes, I have sympathy for the gay community: one only has to look at the beauty and desireability of woman and think " How on earth could anyman prefer one of his own to them?"!!!


text:
Home » News » World News
Timken buys Spinea to boost robotics and automation portfolio
The US bearings and power transmission manufacturer The Timken Company is buying the Slovakian company Spinea, which manufactures cycloidal reduction gears and actuators aimed at precision automation and robotics applications. Details of the transaction have not been released.
Privately owned and operated since its founding in 1994, Spinea is located in Presov, Slovakia. Its sales this year are expected to be worth around $40m.
"Spinea's well-established position in highly demanding robotics applications will increase our presence in the growing automation space," says Timken president and CEO, Richard G. Kyle. "Spinea brings an exciting new product line with differentiated technology and state-of-the-art manufacturing to Timken. We plan to leverage our global capabilities to scale the business and introduce Spinea's next-generation solutions to customers around the world."
In recent years, Timken has diversified its portfolio by expanding its power transmission products and services. This includes the acquisitions of Rollon and Cone Drive, which offer next-generation technologies for robotics and automation applications. Timken says that Spinea complements Cone Drive's precision gearing range and advances its product offering and commitment to customer-centric innovation. Spinea will boost Timken's position in automation, which was its second-largest market after renewable energy in 2021.
The transaction, which is subject to customary conditions, is expected to close soon and will be funded with cash on hand and borrowings from credit facilities.
Spinea's portfolio includes the DriveSpin series of actuators which combine optimised servomotors and gears, resulting in compact dynamic, servo actuators with high tilting torque capacities
Timken: Twitter LinkedIn Facebook
Spinea: Twitter LinkedIn Facebook
15kg-capacity Scara robots are 'first' with on-board health indicators
Omron buys the biggest US robot-maker for $200m
Allied buys Alio and Ormec to boost its precision portfolio
Software automates controller backups and detects changes
$1.6bn start-up's software will 'liberate' manufacturers


Last Night at City Tavern, The Roof, The Roof, The Roof Was On Fire.
At first, it seemed like a joke. Certainly, the band on stage didn't believe Thad Kuiper. But the City Tavern sound man was persistent.
By that point, fire trucks had already pulled up in front of 1402 Main Street, lights blaring. At nearby intersections, police cars blocked any and all incoming traffic. These first responders had arrived to deal with a fire on the roof of City Tavern — a small blaze that had broken out due to a malfunction of the bar's new, installed-two-months-ago air conditioning system.
Worried that the fire might expand from the roof and down through the ceiling to the bar's second-floor performance space, the firefighters had asked that the space be cleared.
Rough timing. Nashville's Natural Child was only a handful of songs into their set, but the crowd was loving it, bunched in by the stage and bashing their heads along to the band's garage rock offerings. And it was a decently sized crowd, too.
"Probably the biggest crowd we've ever had for a Parade of Flesh show," Kuiper would later quip.
Still: That fire. At Kuiper's command, the crowds shuffled down the venue's stairs — single-file, too, and off to the right so the firemen could pass on their way up. Even once downstairs, though, few seemed to know what was happening. They saw the fire trucks, sure. But a fire? At a music venue? Maybe people were just in denial. Spirits remained high, though.
For a while there, the show seemed destined to be canceled. Sure, with some help from venue owner Josh Florence, who joined them on his roof, the firemen seemed to have things under control. But, nonetheless, they told Kuiper that they were worried that there might be some residual flames somewhere between the roof and the second floor.
For a few minutes, Parade of Flesh promoter John Iskander even mulled moving the show, going so far as to place a call to Bryan Street Tavern to see if they'd be willing to host some 80 or so refugee concert attendees.
But those backup plans wouldn't be necessary. About half an hour after they'd arrived, firefighters filed out of the building. The show's attendees, still gathered by the venue's front door, applauded their efforts.
Then? It was back upstairs. The show went on.
Disaster was averted. The fire was out.
And, interestingly enough, the air conditioning unit started working just fine once more.


text:
<?php
/**
 * User: Brian Anderson
 * Date: 9/12/13
 * Time: 7:44 PM
 */

namespace Cms\CoreBundle\Tests;

use Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException;

class ApiExceptionTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::createHeaders
     */
    public function testCreateHeader()
    {
        $except = new ApiException(10001, 'json');
        $html = $except->createHeaders('html');
        $json = $except->createHeaders('json');
        $xml = $except->createHeaders('xml');
        $this->assertEquals(array('Content-Type' => 'text/html'), $html);
        $this->assertEquals(array('Content-Type' => 'application/json'), $json);
        $this->assertEquals(array('Content-Type' => 'application/xml'), $xml);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test10001Json()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(10001, 'json');
        $data = json_decode($excep->getMessage());
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->errorCode, 10001);
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->status, 403);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->description);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->message);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->moreInfo);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test10001Xml()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(10001, 'xml');
        $data = $excep->getMessage();
        $this->assertNotNull($data);
        $this->assertContains('<errorCode>10001</errorCode>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<status>403</status>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<description>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<message>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<moreInfo>', $data);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test10002Json()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(10002, 'json');
        $data = json_decode($excep->getMessage());
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->errorCode, 10002);
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->status, 401);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->description);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->message);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->moreInfo);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test10002Xml()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(10002, 'xml');
        $data = $excep->getMessage();
        $this->assertNotNull($data);
        $this->assertContains('<errorCode>10002</errorCode>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<status>401</status>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<description>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<message>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<moreInfo>', $data);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test10003Json()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(10003, 'json');
        $data = json_decode($excep->getMessage());
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->errorCode, 10003);
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->status, 404);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->description);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->message);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->moreInfo);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test10003Xml()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(10003, 'xml');
        $data = $excep->getMessage();
        $this->assertNotNull($data);
        $this->assertContains('<errorCode>10003</errorCode>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<status>404</status>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<description>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<message>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<moreInfo>', $data);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test10004Json()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(10004, 'json');
        $data = json_decode($excep->getMessage());
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->errorCode, 10004);
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->status, 404);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->description);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->message);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->moreInfo);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test10004Xml()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(10004, 'xml');
        $data = $excep->getMessage();
        $this->assertNotNull($data);
        $this->assertContains('<errorCode>10004</errorCode>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<status>404</status>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<description>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<message>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<moreInfo>', $data);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test10005Json()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(10005, 'json');
        $data = json_decode($excep->getMessage());
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->errorCode, 10005);
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->status, 404);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->description);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->message);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->moreInfo);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test10005Xml()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(10005, 'xml');
        $data = $excep->getMessage();
        $this->assertNotNull($data);
        $this->assertContains('<errorCode>10005</errorCode>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<status>404</status>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<description>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<message>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<moreInfo>', $data);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test10006Json()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(10006, 'json');
        $data = json_decode($excep->getMessage());
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->errorCode, 10006);
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->status, 400);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->description);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->message);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->moreInfo);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test10006Xml()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(10006, 'xml');
        $data = $excep->getMessage();
        $this->assertNotNull($data);
        $this->assertContains('<errorCode>10006</errorCode>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<status>400</status>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<description>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<message>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<moreInfo>', $data);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test20001Json()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(20001, 'json');
        $data = json_decode($excep->getMessage());
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->errorCode, 20001);
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->status, 404);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->description);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->message);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->moreInfo);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test20001Xml()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(20001, 'xml');
        $data = $excep->getMessage();
        $this->assertNotNull($data);
        $this->assertContains('<errorCode>20001</errorCode>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<status>404</status>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<description>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<message>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<moreInfo>', $data);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test30003Json()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(30003, 'json');
        $data = json_decode($excep->getMessage());
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->errorCode, 30003);
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->status, 400);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->description);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->message);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->moreInfo);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test30003Xml()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(30003, 'xml');
        $data = $excep->getMessage();
        $this->assertNotNull($data);
        $this->assertContains('<errorCode>30003</errorCode>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<status>400</status>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<description>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<message>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<moreInfo>', $data);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test50002Xml()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(50002, 'xml');
        $data = $excep->getMessage();
        $this->assertNotNull($data);
        $this->assertContains('<errorCode>50002</errorCode>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<status>404</status>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<description>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<message>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<moreInfo>', $data);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test50002Json()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(50002, 'json');
        $data = json_decode($excep->getMessage());
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->errorCode, 50002);
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->status, 404);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->description);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->message);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->moreInfo);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test50003Xml()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(50003, 'xml');
        $data = $excep->getMessage();
        $this->assertNotNull($data);
        $this->assertContains('<errorCode>50003</errorCode>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<status>400</status>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<description>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<message>', $data);
        $this->assertContains('<moreInfo>', $data);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::__construct
     * @covers Cms\CoreBundle\Services\Api\ApiException::output
     */
    public function test50003Json()
    {
        $excep = new ApiException(50003, 'json');
        $data = json_decode($excep->getMessage());
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->errorCode, 50003);
        $this->assertEquals($data->meta->status, 400);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->description);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->message);
        $this->assertNotNull($data->meta->moreInfo);
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub