This wiki is dedicated to the fostering and documentation of programming languages designed to be distinctive, troublesome to program in, or simply plain weird. A number of textbooks that train programming, in languages each common and obscure. For example, FORTRAN is a very good language for processing numerical information , nevertheless it does not lend itself very nicely to organizing giant applications. As a result of there are such a lot of C compilers, you may write stuff in C and have it run just about anywhere.
Many programming languages require computation to be laid out in an imperative type (i.e., as a sequence of operations to perform) while different languages use different types of program specification such as the declarative form (i.e. the desired result's specified, not learn how to achieve it).
It powers Apple's OS X and iOS , as well as its APIs , and can be utilized to create iPhone apps, which has generated an enormous demand for this once-outmoded programming language. More generally, a programming language could describe computation on some, possibly summary, machine.
Because it offers the foundation for many other languages, it's advisable to study C (and C++) earlier than moving on to others. In apply, while few languages are thought of typed from the viewpoint of type theory (verifying or rejecting all operations), most fashionable languages offer a degree of typing.
Many syntactically correct packages are nonetheless in poor health-fashioned, per the language's guidelines; and should (relying on the language specification and the soundness of the implementation) result in an error on translation or execution. Certain, it is necessary to know a programming language—and to be good at it—but absolute mastery just isn't as precious a talent as it was.


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A Quick Look at QUIC Censorship
The following blog post was written by ICFP fellow Kathrin Elmenhorst as a summary of their work and research on the QUIC general-purpose transport layer network.
Last year, the new network protocol QUIC was introduced. QUIC is a general-purpose transport layer network with the goal of reducing latency compared to existing protocols. Since the introduction of QUIC, we have seen rising volumes of QUIC-based web traffic in the form of HTTP/3.
As QUIC usage increases, it has become the target of censorship efforts. From the perspective of censors, the emergence of QUIC and HTTP/3 means two things:
HTTP/3 web traffic looks differently to firewalls, such that censors need to deploy new strategies to detect it.
QUIC is better protected by encryption. QUIC encryption hides not only the details of the communication but also most of the connection metadata from observers.
From the perspective of the anti-censorship community, the emergence of QUIC comes with new challenges and possibilities: Monitoring developments in QUIC censorship since its launch is the groundwork for developing appropriate censorship evasion tools as early as possible. Beyond that, the measurements provide unique insights into how censorship systems are maintained and adapted to change.
This article is an introduction to QUIC and its potential for censorship resistance, as well as a survey of current QUIC blocking in various countries. The presented findings reveal QUIC censorship in China, India, Russia and Uganda.
A QUIC introduction
If you had a close look at what your browser is doing when you are surfing the web, you would see that, over the past few years, something has been changing. More and more websites are loaded through HTTP/3 rather than the prior versions HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2.
This seemingly small change is actually quite a revolution. HTTP/3 is the first version of HTTP that uses QUIC. As a network protocol, QUIC defines how computers communicate over the internet. Specifically, QUIC provides secure and reliable connections between clients and servers.
Instead of using the Transmission Control Protocol (which earlier HTTP versions used), QUIC builds upon the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and provides better network performance. Using UDP – an already established protocol for sending and receiving messages in an IP network – also made the large-scale deployment of QUIC a lot easier since networking devices are already used to this kind of network traffic.
Privacy and security have become important considerations in the development of new internet technologies. QUIC is no exception. It uses built-in encryption which means that TLS 1.3 encryption is mandatory and an integral part of the protocol.
While work on QUIC began in Google in 2013, it was finalized and published as Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard in 2021. QUIC is used as the underlying transport for the new major version of HTTP, HTTP/3. HTTP/3 is currently supported by 73% of running web browsers and used by 25% of the top 10 million websites. The wide deployment of HTTP/3 is largely attributed to how large internet companies like Google and Facebook use QUIC for their services and browsers. As it was first developed by Google, the company strongly pushed its deployment. Thus, the story of QUIC is once more a story of the extreme influence large players have on the technical landscape of the internet.
HTTP protocol stacks
Network protocols like IP, UDP, TCP and QUIC define how communication over the internet works. A network protocol is a set of semantical rules describing in what precise way messages on the web are composed, formatted, packed, encrypted, sent, relayed, received, and acknowledged. These rules can then be implemented into software, in any programming language, on any platform.
Network protocols are designed in layers, adding new functionalities with each layer. In terms of network packets, each protocol adds an additional header to the transmitted data (see figure below).
HTTP is an application layer protocol which is mainly used to load websites from the world wide web into web browsers. The main difference between traditional HTTPS (HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2) and HTTP/3 is in their underlying protocol stacks. This means that HTTP/3 uses different network protocols than the prior versions of HTTP:
Left: HTTP/2 protocol stack. Right: HTTP/3 protocol stack.
HTTP/3 data travels over the network in QUIC packets which are encapsulated in UDP datagrams. Meanwhile, traditional HTTPS data is contained in TLS frames which are packed in TCP packets.
UDP provides unreliable transport between ports on source and destination host, so it only has a subset of the functionality of TCP. QUIC adds reliability and connection state, so the combination of UDP and QUIC replaces TCP. Instead of adding TLS as a separate protocol, QUIC integrates TLS-based encryption.
Finally, the Internet Protocol (IP) routes all internet traffic between hosts. Thus, both HTTPS (TCP/TLS) and HTTP/3 (QUIC) data is encapsulated in IP packets labeled with the IP addresses of source and destination.
Potentials for censorship resistance
For the blocking of traditional HTTPS traffic, censors often inspect the Server Name Indication (SNI) which is contained in the very first TLS packet sent by the client ("Client Hello"). The SNI reveals the requested host name (e.g. "ooni.org") to anyone monitoring the network, and can therefore be used for the blocking of specific hosts.
Early in its development, there were considerations of the potential of QUIC to be censorship resistant. By design, QUIC protects more communication data than traditional TCP+TLS traffic. Unlike TCP-based TLS, QUIC already encrypts the initial packets of a connection. Although the keys of this initial encryption are known to observers of the connection, censors have to do the additional work of extracting the keys and decrypting the information in order to eavesdrop on the information contained in the initial packets. This makes packet inspection more complex and less efficient.
So, while it is technically still possible to censor HTTP/3 connections based on the SNI in TLS, the collected data shows that hardly any censors actually parse and use this information (even when they do parse the SNI in traditional HTTPS traffic).
Additionally, the built-in encryption and authentication makes QUIC traffic less vulnerable to attacks by censors that try to force-terminate connections ("reset attacks"). Consequently, the (likely) only way to block QUIC connections is to drop packets until the connection times out ("null routing"). Since the client will re-transmit lost packets, null routing requires the censor to invest more resources in comparison to reset attacks. The data seems to confirm this idea since the only error type observed for HTTP/3 connections were timeouts either during the QUIC connection establishment ("handshake") or in the middle of the working connection.
QUIC connections are designed in a way that makes it harder for stateful censors to remember and identify QUIC data flows. The identification numbers of connections can be changed during the encrypted communication. Thus, a censor that monitors connection IDs can be tricked by changing the connection IDs mid-communication.
Moreover, QUIC connections can persist even when the IP addresses of the communication partners change. This feature might also be useful for tricking stateful censors.
OONI Probe QUIC measurement tools
HTTP/3 is supported by the Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI) Probe engine since late 2020, and it has been used in two experimental network tests so far.
urlgetter is an experimental measurement tool which tries to fetch websites to test whether they are accessible or not. urlgetter can be configured to use HTTP/3 or traditional HTTPS over TCP.
quicping is a new network experiment which I developed during my ICFP fellowship at OONI. The experiment sends out a single initial QUIC packet which has no valid TLS payload. This ping request elicits an immediate response from the targeted QUIC server because it triggers the server's Version Negotiation mechanism.
quicping can be used to test the availability of UDP endpoints (on hosts that support QUIC). If certain HTTP/3 hosts are blocked in a network, the experiment can also help narrow down the specific censorship method: If a blocked HTTP/3 host does not respond to quicping either, it is very likely that the censor blocks any initial QUIC packets immediately.
OONI Probe measurements produce report files in JSON format. During my fellowship, I have developed a toolchain to automatically evaluate QUIC censorship measurements. The evaluation techniques have a focus on comparing HTTP/3 and HTTPS blocking.
If you are curious to test some of my evaluation techniques and investigate HTTP/3 measurements in the country of your interest, try out this notebook.
Find out more details about the HTTP/3 measurement methodology:
OONI probe-cli urlgetter specification
OONI probe-cli quicping specification
postprocessing and evaluation tool chain
QUIC censorship, as of now
I have investigated networks in China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Uganda and Venezuela and have found impairment of HTTP/3 traffic in most countries.
Unsurprisingly, the censorship techniques vary between networks. Some censors do not specifically block QUIC or HTTP/3, but they use IP censorship which is rather unspecific and blocks HTTP/3 as collateral damage. Others block specific UDP endpoints (combination of IP address and UDP port) while some even try to inspect individual QUIC packets ("Deep Packet Inspection").
Russia (AS31213, AS12389)
Since the beginning of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, internet censorship in Russia is rapidly changing and getting more restrictive. Reports suggest that Russia started to block HTTP/3 traffic nationwide on 4th March 2022. During the last week of March, we were able to run HTTP/3 measurements in a mobile and a landline network in Russia.
In the mobile network of the ISP Yota (AS31213), HTTP/3 traffic seems to be generally blocked. However, at least one website, vk.com, a popular Russian social network, is not affected by this blocking.
The detailed analysis of the measurements suggests a likely blocking scenario which contains two separate filters for HTTP/3 traffic:
The first filter blocks all international HTTP/3 connections that use the most common QUIC version 1.
The second filter seems to be applied to both national and international HTTP/3 traffic and it inspects the SNI: If the SNI of a given packet is on the blacklist, it cannot pass this filter.
This assumed scenario is in line with recent reports from other networks in Russia: Users indicated that their ISPs use Deep Packet Inspection to parse the SNI from the initial packet and block certain domain names.
Depiction of a potential setup of HTTP/3 censorship in Russia. While the location and order of filters is unknown, this structure is in line with the observed measurements in AS31213 and user reports from other networks.
More info on HTTP/3 censorship in Russia.
India (AS133694)
Between the 21st and 25th of February, I ran measurements in India using a VPN service connected to network AS133694.
The results suggest that there is systematic censorship of HTTP/3 in this network which is done by blocking certain UDP endpoints completely. Follow-up measurements with an allowed SNI and quicping were helpful tools to narrow down the blocking technique.
The blocking of HTTP/3 seems rather unstable, since it is not as consistent as HTTPS blocking in the same network.
In India, ISPs are responsible for implementing state-ordered censorship. Therefore, it is not surprising that when I ran measurements in other networks, the results differed. In fact, some networks (e.g. AS55836) showed no signs of HTTP/3 blocking at all.
More info on HTTP/3 censorship in India.
Uganda (AS37075, AS20294)
In Uganda, we measured in two networks, Airtel and MTN Mobile, during the month of March. For testing, we used several facebook.com pages as well as the websites of VPN services. Facebook has been blocked nationwide since January 2021.
Both ISPs seem to block HTTP/3 traffic to certain hosts.
Strikingly, both networks have a rather high temporal variance of censorship. Over the span of only a few days, the amount of HTTP/3 blocking as well as the observed blocking methods frequently changed. While the extent of this variance is unclear to me, it may be a sign that ISPs in Uganda do not have a stable way to handle HTTP/3 traffic yet and seem to be experimenting in this new territory.
Up until this point, measurements had only recorded QUIC interference in the form of timeouts during the handshake, i.e. during the connection establishment. But when measuring in Uganda, on some days timeouts exclusively occurred on working QUIC connections (i.e., after the handshake).
More info on HTTP/3 censorship in Uganda.
China (AS45090)
China deploys a centralized censorship system, colloquially known as the Great Firewall. I have conducted measurements from a VPS in China which I was able to use thanks to GreatFire.org. The measurements show that many blocked HTTPS websites are not available over HTTP/3 either.
This data and other current research suggests that the Great Firewall blacklists IP addresses of unwanted websites, which is a very broad and unspecific form of censorship. As many Google domains are targeted by IP blocking, a lot of QUIC traffic is affected by these blocks as well (a large portion of QUIC-supporting hosts belong to Google).
This form of IP-blocking affects all protocols that use IP, so any connection attempt over HTTPS or HTTP/3 to a blocked IP address will not work. However, I found no evidence that the Great Firewall specifically targets QUIC or HTTP/3.
It may seem surprising that the Great Firewall, which is known to apply very restrictive and rather sophisticated blocking, does not explicitly block HTTP/3 yet. But there are a few considerations to keep in mind:
a) While the usage of HTTP/3 is increasing, it is not used as much as HTTPS so it may seem less important to the censor.
b) By default browsers always do an HTTPS request first in order to find out whether a website even uses HTTP/3. Thus, blocking HTTPS is enough for censors to prevent browser-based QUIC usage at the moment. At least for the default usage. That is to say, you can force the browser to use HTTP/3 immediately without trying HTTPS first.
More info on HTTP/3 impairment in China.
Iran (AS60178, AS58224, AS197207)
We have run measurements in multiple networks in Iran, including the ISPs of the previously state-owned Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI). Overall, it seems like HTTP/3 traffic was not affected by censorship in any of the investigated networks in Iran.
This is curious, with respect to the fact that our prior study revealed QUIC censorship in Iran in 2021. This might be an example of how dynamic QUIC censorship deployment is at the moment. As censors still adapt to this new protocol, inconsistencies and changes in QUIC censorship are to be expected.
Kazakhstan and Venezuela (AS48716, AS8048)
There was no indication for systematic HTTP/3 censorship in the tested networks in Kazakhstan and Venezuela. For Kazakhstan, this corresponds to HTTP/3 measurements taken last year. For Venezuela, there were no prior HTTP/3 measurements.
I assume the censors have not implemented any HTTP/3 blocking rules yet. Due to the novelty of the protocol and the still rather low deployment in comparison to HTTPS, this is not too surprising but likely to change in the future when HTTP/3 deployment further increases.
Final thoughts: What to expect from censors and how to prepare
Last year, in early 2021, we did the first QUIC censorship measurements with OONI Probe. We only found two networks in one country (Iran) where it seemed like HTTP/3 was specifically blocked. Only one year later, most networks we measured in showed some kind of HTTP/3 specific blocking. In Russia, we have even observed multiple layers of HTTP/3 censorship and Deep Packet Inspection of QUIC packets (SNI blocking). While the censorship methodologies appear to be unstable in many networks still, this is clearly showing that HTTP/3 censorship is increasing proportionally to HTTP/3 usage.
QUIC is a reality that the anti-censorship community has to be aware of in order to better monitor and fight censorship in the future.
With that in mind, I have defined approaches for QUIC censorship evasion which refer back to QUIC's potentials for censorship resistance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Eddie Pola, George Wyle, and Andy Williams
Not classified (6)
The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year
By Eddie Pola, George Wyle, and Andy Williams. Arranged by Jerry Rubino. SSA. Christmas; H…(+)
By Eddie Pola, George Wyle, and Andy Williams. Arranged by Jerry Rubino. SSA. Christmas; Holiday; Winter. Choral. 2 pages. Published by Hal Leonard - Digital Sheet Music
$2.25 1.87 € #Eddie Pola, George Wyle, and Andy Williams #Holiday #The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year #SheetMusicPlus
By Eddie Pola, George Wyle, and Andy Williams. Arranged by Jerry Rubino. TTBB. Christmas; …(+)
By Eddie Pola, George Wyle, and Andy Williams. Arranged by Jerry Rubino. TTBB. Christmas; Holiday; Winter. Choral. 2 pages. Published by Hal Leonard - Digital Sheet Music
The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year - Guitar
By Andy Williams. By George Wyle and Eddie Pola. Arranged by Mac Huff. Christmas, Concert,…(+)
By Andy Williams. By George Wyle and Eddie Pola. Arranged by Mac Huff. Christmas, Concert, Holiday, Standards. Choral Instrumental Pak. 2 pages. Duration 165. Published by Hal Leonard - Digital Sheet Music (HX.150752). - Choral Instrumental Pak - Christmas,Concert,Holiday,Standards - Hal Leonard - Digital Sheet Music
$5.00 4.14 € #Andy Williams #The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year - Guitar #SheetMusicPlus
The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year - Drums
$5.00 4.14 € #Andy Williams #The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year - Drums #SheetMusicPlus
The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year - Synthesizer
$5.00 4.14 € #Andy Williams #The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year - Synthesizer #SheetMusicPlus
The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year - Bass
$5.00 4.14 € #Andy Williams #The Most Wonderful Time Of The Year - Bass #SheetMusicPlus


Availability is a Scrabble word. Scrabble point value for availability: 20 points.
Availability is a Words with Friends word. Words with Friends point value for availability: 20 points.
Above are the results of unscrambling availability. Using the word generator and word unscrambler for the letters A V A I L A B I L I T Y, we unscrambled the letters to create a list of all the words found in Scrabble, Words with Friends, and Text Twist. We found a total of 104 words by unscrambling the letters in availability. Click these words to find out how many points they are worth, their definitions, and all the other words that can be made by unscrambling the letters from these words. If one or more words can be unscrambled with all the letters entered plus one new letter, then they will also be displayed.


Built by Toll Brothers in the 1990s, Franklin Oaks is an admired neighborhood of outstanding homes in Franklin, MA.
You'll find colonial homes at Franklin Oaks with a few contemporary enhancements that add drama and style to the interior space. Approximately 60 homes comprise the neighborhood. Excluding finished basement space, a substantial portion of the homes here offer between 3,000 sq ft and 3,500 sq ft of living area. While some houses at Franklin Oaks are smaller, there are others in the subdivision in excess of 4,500 sq ft. Lots sizes run from approximately .4 acre to just over an acre.
The neighborhood has underground utilities and has town water and sewer service.
Franklin Oaks is nestled off Partridge Street, an officially designated scenic road in north Franklin.
The neighborhood has no through traffic yet is very close to several of the most sought-after neighborhoods in Franklin, including Highland Estates, Franklin Chase and Winterberry Farms.
The Kennedy Elementary School is minutes away. Dacey Community Fields are just a short drive from Franklin Oaks.
There's easy access to wonderful shopping and services in Franklin and along I-495.


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The Luck of the Draw - Social Housing in Myanmar
Luck is often cited as one of the factors necessary for success. Nowhere is that truer than in Yangon, the capital of Myanmar, where the city's poorest residents' names are put in a hat and the lucky few who are pulled out get housed. The luck doesn't stop there, however, as the accommodation that is provided varies wildly from well-constructed and safe apartment blocks to dangerous and filthy ex-colonial buildings that have been divided up into tiny apartments with no electricity. The Yuzana Housing project is one of the best examples of the worst that can happen. The residents there have been complaining since its apartments were first made available by the Department of Urban Housing Development (DUHD), and for good reason: the block is barely habitable, with no electricity, crumbling walls, leaky roofs and squatters that steal the residents' belongings. When one resident, who had been 'lucky' enough to be chosen via the prize draw method to purchase one of the low-cost units, complained to the authorities about the huge cracks in her wall and the rain coming in, she was told that if she didn't want to live there, then she didn't have to and that there was a long line of people who would happily take over her apartment. Hobson's choice then, you can have any apartment you like, as long as it's the one with the cracks and no power.
The other side of the coin, of course, is the number of people who are still waiting to be housed… the ones whose names are still tucked under a crease in the material at the bottom of the hat. And there are plenty of them. Yangon's population is increasing steadily and at quite an alarming rate. It is estimated that the city will be home to 10 million people by 2035, double what it is today, as more and more rural families up sticks and move to the city. Around 330,000 families move to Yangon each year from the countryside and most end up in slums or horrendous temporary housing with whole families squeezed into one tiny room with no amenities. The DUHD has said that approximately 1.8 million of the 53 million people in Myanmar are in need of housing and that with the current plan there is no way that that will happen. All concerned have acknowledged that there is now a housing crisis in the country, but as we know, acknowledging a problem is one thing, solving it is another.
A major issue in Yangon is land ownership. Although it is the largest metropolitan area in Myanmar, nearly 50% of the city is still agricultural and exactly who owns the land remains shrouded in mystery. This makes any purchase of land by developers a lengthy and complex process, thus discouraging the construction of new buildings, which in turn encourages the use of ageing and dangerous old buildings instead. If developers do manage to land some land, they then face the issue of how then to turn a profit from it. Unsurprisingly, social housing is not exactly high on their list. Luxury apartments, then, are the project of choice, giving high returns and offering less risk in the short and long term. So where will everyone live?
Bagan, Myanmar (Barma)
The Yangon City Development Committee is following the example of many major cities around the world and focusing on the construction of satellite towns on the outskirts of Yangon. New townships, such as Dagon Seikkan, are being developed with the help of foreign investment, in this case Surbana of Singapore, and a certain percentage of the apartments must be made available to the city's low-income residents as part of the affordable housing programme. The government, realising that with its plan to build 30,000 homes a year when it is estimated 90,000 to 100,000 are needed to keep up with population growth, are now actively seeking private investment to boost construction and speed up the development of housing projects within the city and in its new suburbs. As Myanmar becomes more attractive to impact investors since economic sanctions were lifted in 2013, it is garnering more and more interest from the private sector, with Japanese investors leading the way. Now, then, seems the perfect time to add Myanmar to your investment portfolio, so why not put your name in the hat? You never know, you might get lucky.


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Breaking: JP Morgan dumps Nigeria
By ElombahNews	 On Sep 9, 2015
JPMorgan Chase & Co has excluded Nigeria from its local-currency emerging market bond indexes tracked by more than $200 billion of funds, after restrictions on foreign- exchange transactions prompted investor concerns about a shortage of liquidity.
ABOVE PHOTO: Arial view of the central business district in Nigeria's commercial capital of Lagos.
The first phase of removing Africa's biggest economy from the Government Bond Index-Emerging Markets, or GBI-EM, will take place at the end this month followed by a full exit by the end of October, the New York-based lender said in a statement sent to Bloomberg on Tuesday by spokesman Patrick Burton.
Nigeria's central bank under Governor Godwin Emefiele introduced several foreign-exchange trading restrictions from December to stem the fall of the naira amid weaker oil prices. The country is Africa's largest producer of crude, which accounts for about 90 percent of exports and two-thirds of government revenue. JPMorgan placed Nigeria on index watch in January, saying the foreign-exchange measures made it more difficult for foreign investors to replicate the gauges.
"Investors who track the GBI-EM series continue to face challenges and uncertainty while transacting in the naira due to the lack of a fully functional two-way FX market and limited transparency," JPMorgan said in the statement. "As a result, Nigeria will be removed."
Nigeria will not be eligible for re-entry for at least 12 months from the date of exclusion, JPMorgan said. The country has a 1.5 percent weighting in the biggest GBI-EM index, which is tracked by $183.8 billion of funds, according to the bank.
The naira weakened 20 percent to a record low of 206.32 per dollar in the year through Feb. 12. Extra curbs introduced by Emefiele after that slashed trading in the interbank market and have seen the currency stabilize at an average of 198.93 since the beginning of February.
"We would like to strongly disagree with the premise and conclusions upon which the decision rests," Ibrahim Mu'azu, a spokesman for the Abuja-based central bank, said in a statement on Tuesday.
Fresh insight into kidnap of Commissioner who resigned from…
Gov. Sule launches fertilizer sales for 2021 dry season farming
Salami list areas to drive economy in 2021
Nigeria has already introduced an order-based, two-way foreign-exchange market to stabilize the naira and limit speculation, according to the statement.
"Despite these positive outcomes, JPMorgan would prefer that we remove this rule; even though it is obvious that doing so would lead to an indeterminate depreciation of the naira," Mu'azu said.
Emefiele repeatedly said that Nigeria wanted to remain in the indexes and that there's enough liquidity in the currency market for foreigners to buy and sell naira bonds. Average yields on those securities rose 11 basis points to 16.04 percent on September 7, the highest among 18 countries included in the GBI- EM indexes, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
"This will place additional pressure on the currency and even more upward pressure on domestic yields," Stephen Bailey- Smith, head of Africa strategy at Standard Bank Group, said by phone from London.
JPMorgan included Nigeria in the GBI-EM in October 2012 after Emefiele's predecessor, Lamido Sanusi, removed a rule that foreign buyers of naira bonds had to hold them for at least a year. Foreign holdings of the country's local debt surged as a result to a peak of about $11 billion in 2013 before falling to $3 billion today, Samir Gadio, head of Africa strategy at Standard Chartered, said by phone from London.
The exclusion hurts Nigeria just as President Muhammadu Buhari, in power since May, prepares to announce his cabinet, according to Ronak Gopaldas, head of country risk at Rand Merchant Bank. Buhari said he would have ministers in place by the end of the month.
"The move is a big blow to the country's prestige and will result in negative market sentiment and capital outflows," Johannesburg-based Gopaldas said in an e-mailed response to questions. "The performance of the currency, stock market as well as yields on the country's debt are all expected to be adversely affected."
CREDIT: BLOOMBERG
Buhari's 100 days is like 100 years of good governance!
Gov Polls: APC'll soon turn Bayelsa to a theatre of war – PDP Youth Vanguard
Fresh insight into kidnap of Commissioner who resigned from Obiano's Govt
NERC postpones hearing of petition against Asaba Distribution Ltd.'s licence…
Pandemic has grave impact on mortality rate in France January 19, 2021
4 docked for alleged breach of peace in Ibadan January 19, 2021
North under daily siege by bandits, kidnappers, says group January 19, 2021


Floriculture and horticulture research reports are finished project summary reports that show the results of the project, its scientific accomplishments and the impact to the industry. All AFE reports are made available to the industry free.
These reports are mandatory for all projects that have terminated and are due within 30-60 days of the termination of the project.
These final research reports are distributed through articles, press releases and alerts to strengthen the industry as a whole and to benefit everyone.
AFE reports are divided into seven categories. Click on the links below to see the final reports from each category. You can also use the website search box to search for specific articles.
Not sure which category to click on? You can also search for reports using the search box in the upper right-hand corner of the website.
Looking for other consumer-focused research reports? Visit the Floral Marketing Research Fund website.


MANCHESTER UNITED sent scouts on a second mission to sound out Bruno Martins Indi last weekend, according to reports.
United are known to be keen on centre-back Martins Indi, who can also play on the left side of defence.
Scouts had already reportedly watched the player during Porto's 2-1 Champions League victory over Chelsea this month, with Tottenham also said to be interested.
Luke Shaw suffered a leg break early in the season and manager Louis van Gaal is understood to be keen on bringing in a left-sided player.
Martins-Indi, 23, has made just five appearances for Porto this season and is expected to cost United £12million.
The Netherlands international, who played a key role in his country's 2014 World Cup campaign under Van Gaal, made 39 appearances for club and country last season.
He started his career at Feyenoord before being sold to Porto in a £6.1m deal after the World Cup.


To complete and exhibit at least 2030 final pieces from the `Lifecycles` series in a public gallery. The gallery curator will hold me accountable for print quality, quantity and execution of the exhibition installation and publicity. Verbal and written audience feedback will determine the success.
Forty photographs by Linda Brooks from the LIFECYCLES series were completed and exhibited at the Sabes Jewish Community Center, exceeding the original proposal of 20-30. Awend confirmed that the print quality and quantity of both sets of images, LIFECYCLES and LIFCYCLES OBJECTS would fit well for the exhibition theme and would fully utilize more than 50' of the Shared Walls exhibition areas. Awend and the staff of the Sabes Jewish Community Center took responsibility for the exhibition installation, the publicity flyer, and communication to the membership and the broader public. Brooks sent emails to several hundred people on her mailing list. Conversations and written responses in the comment book reflected positive audience feedback.
Brooks will complete Lifecycles, a cumulative body of photographic work of 20-30 pieces of family archived materials and historical data from the first half of the twentieth century. The work will be shown at the Tychman Shapiro Gallery in Saint Louis Park.


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ESOL Programs
ESOL Home
ESOL/Bilingual Programs → Instructional Programs
World-Class Instructional Design and Assessment
The State of Maryland is a member of the World-Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) Consortium. As a member of WIDA, the Maryland State Department of Education and all public school systems in Maryland use the WIDA English language development standards and assessments to guide the development of ESOL curriculum, assess English language proficiency levels, and inform ESOL instructional placement decisions
There are five WIDA standards:
English Language Proficiency Standard 1: English language learners communicate for Social and Instructional purposes within the school setting
English Language Proficiency Standard 2: English language learners communicate information, ideas and concepts necessary for academic success in the content area of Language Arts
English Language Proficiency Standard 3: English language learners communicate information, ideas and concepts necessary for academic success in the content area of Mathematics
English Language Proficiency Standard 4: English language learners communicate information, ideas and concepts necessary for academic success in the content area of Science
English Language Proficiency Standard 5: English language learners communicate information, ideas and concepts necessary for academic success in the content area of Social Studies
Students progress through various levels as they attain the necessary English language proficiency for academic success in the general education program:
1-Entering – A student requires significant visual cues to support comprehension and responds in single words or set phrases using the words that are most common and frequent in English
2-Emerging – A student understands general language in a familiar context and responds using phrases or short sentences, making frequent errors that interfere with communication
3-Developing – A student understands and uses specific language related to various topics and uses expanded sentences in expanded discourse and makes some errors that can confuse communication
4-Expanding – A student understands and uses more complex language including some technical vocabulary and makes errors that do not impeded communication
5-Bridging – A student is using language to communicate at a level approaching the proficiency of English-proficient peers
6-Reaching – A student is using language to communicate at a level comparable to that of English-proficient peers
At all levels of English language proficiency, all teachers working with English language learners are expected to provide appropriate supports to ensure that every student has meaningful access to content instruction. In Maryland, students who reach an overall English language proficiency level of 5.0 (Bridging) are exited from the ESOL program.
How We Support Schools
The ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) instructional specialists provide direct support to schools and professional development opportunities for ESOL teachers, general education teachers, special educators, as well as other support professionals and school-based administrators.
How We Support Students
ESOL in Prek and Elementary School
The goal of the Elementary English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) curriculum is to enable the English Language Learner (ELL), who is learning English as a new language, to develop the language skills needed to achieve academically, participate successfully in the school and classroom setting, and adjust socially to the U.S. culture.
ESOL in Middle School
The English For Speakers of Other Languages program at the middle school level enrolls linguistically and culturally diverse secondary students, who require intensive structured English language instruction and orientation to a new cultural and academic environment.
ESOL in High School
The English For Speakers of Other Languages program at the high school level enrolls linguistically and culturally diverse secondary students who require intensive English language instruction and orientation to a new cultural and academic environment.
Multidisciplinary Educational Training and Support Program (METS)
The METS program of the Montgomery County Public Schools is designed to meet the linguistic and academic needs of English language learners who have had limited or no previous schooling or significant schooling gaps due to interrupted or disrupted education.
Students Engaged in Pathways to Achievement Program (SEPA)
The Students Engaged in Pathways to Achievement program (SEPA) is a career-based instructional program for Spanish-speaking high school ESOL students who have experienced interrupted or limited formal education.
Career Readiness Education Academy (CREA)
CREA is a new career-based readiness education program for older English Language Learners (ELLs) in MCPS who are not on track to meet the graduation requirements before turning 21 as a result of limited or interrupted formal education.


text:
és una ex-tiradora amb arc sud-coreana que va competir durant les dècades de 1970 i 1980.

El 1984 va prendre part en els Jocs Olímpics de Munic, on va guanyar la medalla de bronze en la prova individual del programa de tir amb arc. En el seu palmarès també destaquen quatre medalles d'or, una de plata i una de bronze al Campionat del món de tir amb arc i cinc medalles d'or i quatre de plata als Jocs Asiàtics.

Referències

Medallistes sud-coreans als Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1984
Alumnes de la Universitat Nacional de l'Esport de Corea
Arqueres sud-coreanes
Esportistes als Jocs Asiàtics de 1978
Esportistes als Jocs Asiàtics de 1982
Esportistes als Jocs Asiàtics de 1986
Esportistes sud-coreans als Jocs Asiàtics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Sean Taylor Quotations
Sean Taylor Quotes about:
Sean Michael Maurice Taylorwas an American football player who was a free safety for the Washington Redskins of the National Football Leaguefor four seasons. He played college football for the University of Miami, was a member of the Hurricanes' 2001 BCS National Championship team, and earned unanimous All-American honors. The Washington Redskins chose Taylor with the fifth overall pick of the 2004 NFL Draft. Due to his ferocious hits, several of his Redskins teammates nicknamed him "Meast," a portmanteau word... (wikipedia)
Born in Miami, FL
↪ Born On April 1, 1983
↪ Nationality American Quotes
↪ Profession Football Player Quotes
Enjoy Quotes
Like any rivalry, there will be some great games. Fans will enjoy how hard these two teams will play.
Bad Quotes
My dad's been hard on me, my coaches have been hard on me, he's just like that extra father figure. When he relates to us like he expects more, we don't look at it in a negative way and say: 'You know what? I can't do it.' At least he has the confidence in us to say, 'You can do it.' We don't look at it as negative. Sometimes you might get a little down, but you never can look at the bad side.
Call Quotes
Catfish - I call him Catfish - is always around the ball. Yeah, that was great.
(Friday night) Galesburg made shots, so we weren't able to get it off the rim and transition it. When we can get it off the rim and in transition, we're a much better basketball team.
Maximum Quotes
For us to win we needed to (capitalize). We needed to have maximum possessions.
He just went out and made some plays.
Along Quotes
He just has the guts. We've talked all along that he's such a good 15-foot shooter that he just has confidence that the ball is going in. It was a big one.
I think whenever you lose three in a row, you always worry. We need to play with some confidence. If we get a couple shots to fall, it's amazing what happens to kids' confidence when the ball starts going in. I think we have good shooters and the ball will start going back in for us.
Everybody Quotes
I think they understand that when I come here to play ball, I'm here 100%, ... I'm going to work as hard as everybody else works. We're going to work on what's in the future, not the past.
Blue Quotes
Just gutsy, I thought. To play on guts, I mean he was hurting and he probably will be hurting (today). I'm awfully proud that he was a Blue Devil tonight.
Dime Quotes
Pierson's been a guy who has stepped into so many roles for us. Whether it's been nickel, dime or safety, he's given us a lot of versatility on the field. Pierson does a lot of the things on the field and comes prepared to the games every weekend.
Decisions Quotes
Man, that's why we've got judges, we've got trials, we've got people that make decisions for what goes on in court. I'm not worried about anything.
Key Quotes
That was the key play of the game. That sort of put it away.
I was really happy when I heard about (the meeting). That shows they're taking ownership of the team. When it's my team, we're not as good. When it's their team, they want to make things work and we're a lot better.
Phone Quotes
Why was I not here? It was offseason, ... I could have returned his phone calls, but it was offseason.
Why was I not here? It was offseason,
We had good foul shooters going to line. Our best three foul shooters are going to the line the most.
Floor Quotes
Fink is such a good player. He pushes off and makes big threes. He put it on the floor and made big shots. When good players get on a roll, it's hard to stop them.
We've had some droughts throughout the year like that and those just kill us. We have to find a way to put the ball in the basket.
Other guys are playing a little bit better than him. I think you earn your playing time in practice, and Matt Bush (who made his first start on Friday) has had a really good two weeks of practice and had a good game tonight.
After the East Moline game, I really believe these guys know they can find a way to win. They never believe they're out of it.
That's why we've got judges, we've got trials, we've got people who make decisions (about) what goes on in court, ... I'm not worried about anything. That's something for them to handle.
Belief Quotes
You're never going to win them all, but our guys have the belief they're going to execute and win some games down the stretch. Hopefully that carries over to the rest of the season.
Definitely Quotes
This is where I'm most comfortable, ... This is my life, where I work. I'm definitely glad to be back.
They're really good. They're physical. They pressure you. They shoot it extremely well. And they don't beat themselves. There's a reason they're undefeated.
It's not the Sean Taylor show, it's the Redskins' show. It was the Redskins' defense, the Redskins' offense and the Redskins' special teams. There are a lot of guys out there playing their best football right now, that's all I can tell you.
Difficult Quotes
It's not difficult to separate it, ... When I'm here, I'm not worried about anything other than what's going on on the field.
Minutes Quotes
It's swollen pretty good. Hopefully, he'll be able to give us some minutes (tonight).
That's one thing we took from the Rocky game. Maybe we didn't expect to win, but we deserved to win that game. I think that's the biggest learn that we learned, and it's showing now.
Bet Quotes
I hope we run it 50 times. I hope they run it 50 times. And I'm going to place my bet on 26. That's the way we're going to like it.
Hard Quotes
I'm not sure relief is the right word, but satisfaction probably is. They worked hard and accomplished their goal.
Couple Quotes
If everybody had a time machine and they can hop in that machine and go back a couple of hours, a couple of seconds, they would do it. But we're living right now.
I don't think anybody should have regrets, especially me, ... You don't regret what you do in your life. If you do it, you do it for a reason. I'm here, and I'm happy to be here, and I'm happy to be working.
This is a good sign. This is Steelers weather. It might've been a bad sign if it had stayed raining. That would've meant it was going to be Seattle's weekend.
Scared Of Death Quotes
You can't be scared of death. When that time comes, it comes.
Stories Quotes
There are four directions: North, South, East, and West. We are going in the fifth direction, which is the direction of stories.
Thinking Quotes
I don't think anybody in the NFL is tied to each other.
Blessed Quotes
I've been blessed. God's looked out for me, so, I'm happy.
Kings Quotes
I just take this job very seriously. It's almost like you play a kid's game for a king's ransom. And if you don't take it serious enough, eventually, one day, you're going to say, 'Oh, I could have done this, I could have done that.'
Strong Quotes
I'm a safety - I play free, strong, whatever you ask me to play.
Sean Taylor Fans Also Likes Quotations from
William Green
Ryan Kalil
Sam Bradford
Scott Fujita
Scott Tolzien


text:
Le Museum Abteiberg ou Städtisches Museum Abteiberg est un musée situé à Mönchengladbach en Allemagne.

Histoire
En 1887, des objets sont entreposés dans un bâtiment (école désaffectée) dans le quartier de Gladbach à Mönchengladbach. À partir de 1901, on répertorie et catalogue ces objets et en 1902, la ville crée une association. En 1907, Carl Schurz est nommé premier conservateur du musée.

Entre 1904-1925, on rajoute une église protestante qui sera détruite. La deuxième guerre mondiale détruit certains bâtiment.

Le musée est redessiné par Hans Hollein entre 1972 à 1982 puis nommé Städtische Museum Abteiberg. En fait, il faut savoir que si le musée est revu par Hans Hollein, rien n'aurait été fait sans le premier directeur - curateur du musée, à savoir Johannes Cladders. Ce dernier explique: "Je suis arrivé en 1967, le choix de l'emplacement a été définitivement arrêté en 1970 environ. C'est en 1972 que j'ai pu entrer en contact avec M. Hollein, et que la ville l'a mandaté. Puis dix ans se sont écoulés jusqu'à l'inauguration du musée. La planification s'est étendue de 1972 à 1975, puis la construction jusqu'en 1982". Entre 1967 et 1982, le musée est actif dans un espace provisoire. Entre-temps, Cladders a longuement discuté avec Hollein, à plusieurs reprises, pour concevoir ensemble le nouveau musée. L'idée principale était d'inclure les "services" (cafétéria, librairie, espace ping-pong, etc.) dans le musée et non en pourtour du musée. Le spectateur devait impérativement traverser le musée pour aller à la cafétéria par exemple et celle-ci ne pouvait pas ouvrir hors des heures d'ouverture du musée, car elle était au milieu de l'établissement. Mais Cladders insiste sur le fait que l'architecture est entièrement de Hollein. Le concept a été élaboré à deux, mais la réalisation finale appartient pleinement à l'architecte.

Il faut bien comprendre aussi que la mise en place temporaire de ce "nouveau musée" a lieu à l'époque de Fluxus et des concepts anti-muséaux développés avec intensité par les milieux artistiques de l'époque.

La première exposition est consacrée à Joseph Beuys, puis d'autres artistes actifs à cette période connaissent une exposition qui sera unique dans ce musée. L'idée de Cladders était de ne pas accorder plus d'une exposition par artiste, ce à quoi il s'est tenu, à une exception près: Daniel Buren. Certains des artistes sont alors déjà connus d'autres encore balbutiants, mais rares sont ceux qui peuvent prétendre à une "rétrospective".

Par ailleurs, Cladders choisit comme principe de "catalogue" la création d'une boîte et ceci sur une idée proposée par Josef Beuys à l'occasion de la première exposition. Elle est alors appliquée systématiquement pour toutes les autres expositions.

Collections
Alexej von Jawlensky
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
Max Pechstein
Christian Rohlfs
Otto Mueller
Rudolf Belling
Alexander Calder
Heinrich Campendonk
Erich Heckel
František Kupka
Man Ray
Sol LeWitt
Peter Brüning
Heinz Mack
Martin Kippenberger
François Morellet
Claes Oldenburg
Marcel Duchamp
Jacques Villeglé
Richard Hamilton
Roy Lichtenstein
Andy Warhol
Tom Wesselmann
Carl André
Bruce Nauman
Albert Oehlen

Galerie

Notes et références

Liens externes
  Museum Abteiberg
  Museumsverein Mönchengladbach

Mönchengladbach
Musée d'art en Allemagne
Musée d'art contemporain en Allemagne
Musée fondé en 1907
Monument en Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie
Musée en Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie


Knud has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; KOL in Danish). Several times a day, he blows hard in the spirometry device that is connected to his small Net4Care-enabled device. On the device, he can see simple graphs that plots the measured values over the last week. More importantly, the values are uploaded to national XDS repositories as standardized HL7 clinical documents, allowing his general practitioner (GP) to view the data, as can clinicians at his regional hospital and his professional caregivers.
An SMB developer with a strong background in embedded systems wants to develop a telemedical application for home use that supports uploading measured clinical values. He wants to explore and prototype a solution and chooses to use the Net4Care framework as part of preliminary exploration and prototyping. Within four staff hours, the framework is downloaded and installed and he has tested a first prototype having a full round-trip of clinical measurements (from device to simulated server and back again).
A Java-based framework that hides clinical complexity, and lets developers focus on designing good user interfaces and implementing connections to medical devices, instead of spending large efforts on understanding IHE XDS and HL7 PHMR standards.
Learning material for a quick start. Tutorials, source code examples, and demonstrator applications are provided. These help SMB developers to understand, design, and implement home telemedical applications in general, and insight into the specific clinical aspects in particular.
Support for safe experimentation with staged development. A staged development environment that allows the SMB developers to safely experiment with and develop their applications without all the hazzles of setting up a distributed environment is provided. Later, they can gradually move to a local distributed environment, further on to connect to Net4Care testing servers, before finally committing to full production quality applications that interact with the live medical servers.
Servers that SMBs may use to host medical services. A set of Net4Care servers that bridge regional and national XDS repositories as well as other medical services is provided. Thus there is no need for a SMB to create its own server software nor run a server farm.


text:
Brighton & Hove Albion vs. Leicester City Preview & Betting Tips-04/09/22
BulisterSeptember 2, 2022 Football Match Previews
0 Untitled design 53
Brighton will hope to get back to winning ways when they welcome a free-falling Leicester City at the Amex Stadium. Mr. Bulister, your go-to source for football match previews and betting tips, previews the Sunday afternoon clash between the Foxes and the Seagulls.
Brighton saw their unbeaten run in the Premier League come to an end on Tuesday night when Fulham condemned them to a 2-1 defeat at Craven Cottage. Lewis Dunk scored an agonizing own goal before Aleksandar Mitrovic scored his 100th goal in a Fulham shirt. Alexis Mac Allister cut the deficit to half from the penalty spot, but Graham Potter's side did not find an equaliser afterwards.
The South Coast side will still be confident ahead of their Sunday game as they host a Leicester City side that lies at the bottom of the table. Brighton can also draw inspiration from their excellent home form that saw them win three of their last four matches at the Amex Stadium.
Danny Welbeck will expect to return to the starting lineup after watching on from the bench on Tuesday. Tariq Lamptey is in contention to make his first Premier League start after returning from a long injury layoff. Levi Colwill will hope to make his full debut in front of the Amex Stadium crowd.
Alarm bells are ringing around the King Power Stadium as Leicester City find themselves at the bottom of the league after five rounds of Premier League action. On Thursday night, Leicester failed to trouble a Manchester United side that has experienced its fair share of problems this season.
The pressure is piling over Brendan Rodgers, and another disappointing result at the Amex Stadium might extinguish the traces of faith the Leicester board has had in him.
Leicester have made their first and only signing of the window on deadline day by bringing in Wout Faes in a £15 million fee. The Brighton trip should come too soon for the defender. Timothy Castagne and Daniel Amartey will hope to return to the starting XI.
Mr. Bulister's Prediction
Even the most optimistic Leicester City fans would not be much hopeful of a win against a well-organised Brighton team. Brighton are the favourites in this tie. But a desperate Leicester City might dig deep to grind out a draw. Mr Bulister predicts a 1-1 draw.
Mr Bulister's Betting Tips


text:
Q: AWS CodeDeploy not deploying on Lightsail basic setup SSL So I'm following this tutorial: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/compute/using-aws-codedeploy-and-aws-codepipeline-to-deploy-applications-to-amazon-lightsail/
Which has worked admirably up until the point at which I had to actually run the deploy step.

I can't find any decent logs of anything that might have happened in the CodeDeploy deployment web interface. The logs at /var/log/aws/codedeploy-agent/codedeploy-agent.log are sorta helpful
2020-08-28 21:03:47 INFO  [codedeploy-agent(2990)]: InstanceAgent::Plugins::CodeDeployPlugin::CommandExecutor: Archives to retain is: 5}
2020-08-28 21:03:47 ERROR [codedeploy-agent(2990)]: InstanceAgent::Plugins::CodeDeployPlugin::CodeDeployControl: Error during certificate verification on codedeploy endpoint
 https://codedeploy-commands.us-east-2a.amazonaws.com
2020-08-28 21:03:47 ERROR [codedeploy-agent(2990)]: Error validating the SSL configuration: Invalid server certificate
2020-08-28 21:03:47 ERROR [codedeploy-agent(2990)]: booting child: error during start or run: SystemExit - Stopping CodeDeploy agent due to SSL validation error. - /opt/code
deploy-agent/lib/instance_agent/plugins/codedeploy/command_poller.rb:65:in `abort'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/lib/instance_agent/plugins/codedeploy/command_poller.rb:65:in `validate'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/lib/instance_agent/agent/base.rb:11:in `runner'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/lib/instance_agent/runner/child.rb:32:in `block in prepare_run'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/lib/instance_agent/runner/child.rb:78:in `with_error_handling'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/lib/instance_agent/runner/child.rb:31:in `prepare_run'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/vendor/gems/process_manager-0.0.13/lib/process_manager/child.rb:64:in `block in prepare_run_with_error_handling'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/lib/instance_agent/runner/child.rb:78:in `with_error_handling'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/vendor/gems/process_manager-0.0.13/lib/process_manager/child.rb:63:in `prepare_run_with_error_handling'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/vendor/gems/process_manager-0.0.13/lib/process_manager/child.rb:20:in `start'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/vendor/gems/process_manager-0.0.13/lib/process_manager/master.rb:206:in `block in spawn_child'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/vendor/gems/process_manager-0.0.13/lib/process_manager/master.rb:204:in `fork'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/vendor/gems/process_manager-0.0.13/lib/process_manager/master.rb:204:in `spawn_child'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/vendor/gems/process_manager-0.0.13/lib/process_manager/master.rb:283:in `block (2 levels) in replace_terminated_children'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/vendor/gems/logging-1.8.2/lib/logging/diagnostic_context.rb:323:in `call'
/opt/codedeploy-agent/vendor/gems/logging-1.8.2/lib/logging/diagnostic_context.rb:323:in `block in create_with_logging_context'
2020-08-28 21:03:47 ERROR [codedeploy-agent(2990)]: booting child: error during start or run: SystemExit - exit - /opt/codedeploy-agent/lib/instance_agent/runner/child.rb:90
:in `exit

I think the core thing there is maybe that ssl thing. Was I supposed to have done some sort of ssl thing? I haven't done anything at all.
I found this:
https://serverfault.com/questions/767680/amazon-codedeploy-failing-on-invalid-certificate/962350
Which seems to be similar/the same, but restarting the LightSail instance didn't seem to help, and it does seem like it has internet.
I appreciate any help you've got, thanks a lot!

A: Finally figured it out - I had been using the location: us-east-2a for everything because that's what it said on my lightsail instance. Apparently, the "a" is not actually part of it, and somehow that was causing the SSL issue I was seeing.
I had to go into /etc/codedeploy-agent/conf/codedeploy.onpremises.yml
and change the region name to us-east-2.
I hope this saves at least one person from having this super confusing issue.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Category: Abbey News
Our Chapel Window Tinting Project
This fall, we tinted the upper windows of our chapel to solve the dilemma of having very direct sunlight hit our faces when we are trying to pray the Divine Office. It was a three-day ordeal, involving moving our liturgies to the conference room, fitting a JLG lift through doorways it almost couldn't, and a constant process of building and re-building scaffolding, but it was all worth it, because at last, "By day the sun shall not smite you, nor the moon in the night" (Psalm 121:6).
Annual Community Retreat
On October 9-15, we had Father Jeff Loseke, Ed.D., S.T.L. (currently serving as Pastor of St. Charles Borromeo Parish in the Diocese of Omaha, Nebraska) direct our annual community retreat. His daily conferences were on the topic of healing, and were a great blessing to us.
Click here to read more about our retreat.
Bringing in the Fall Harvest
How wonderful to compare the before and after pictures of our garden this season!
The Changing of the Leaves
Let the heavens be glad and the earth rejoice;
let the sea and what fills it resound;
let the plains be joyful and all that is in them.
Then let all the trees of the forest rejoice
before the LORD who comes,
who comes to govern the earth,
To govern the world with justice
and the peoples with faithfulness.
This year's calendar features photos of our Sisters performing daily monastic duties. The calendar also gives the days of the Church's liturgical days and seasons, together with days commemorated by the Order of St. Benedict, as they are observed at our Abbey.
***We are now sold out of 2023 Calendars; thank you to everyone who purchased one!
Sister Maria-Rose's First Profession
On September 14, 2022, the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, our Sister Mary made her First Profession of Monastic Vows during the Eucharistic Celebration, receiving the name Sister Maria-Rose, and taking Our Lady of Guadalupe as her Patroness. It was a beautiful ceremony, and unique because our Sister Assunta also renewed her simple vows for the final time before making her Solemn Profession next year.
We adore you,
Lord Jesus Christ,
here, and in all your churches
throughout the whole world,
and we bless you,
for by your holy cross you
have redeemed the world.
Regnum Mundi Video
In honor of the first anniversary of Sister Maria-Raphaelle and Sister Fidelis' Solemn Monastic Profession, which was on the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, August 15, 2021, we made this short video showcasing some of the highlights of the ceremony, accompanied by their singing the Regnum Mundi chant.
Another Suscipe
On July 11, the Solemnity of Saint Benedict, our Sister Maria-Placida renewed her vows for another year. Join us in praying for her as she journeys toward Solemn Profession!
During the vow renewal ceremony, the "Suscpie" is sung by the sister before the altar. The full text of the chant is "Suscipe me, Domine, secundum eloquium tuum, et vivam et non confundas me ab expectatione mea," which translates, "Uphold me O Lord, as you have promised, that I may live; and disappoint me not in my hope." Below is a beautiful word about the "Suscpie" from Esther de Waal, a contemporary author on Benedictine spirituality:
The sun shining into the Chapel as Sister Maria-Placida sings her "Suscipe"
We stand daily before God with empty hands, just like the publican. "Suscpie me, accept me O Lord as you have promised and I shall live; do not disappoint me in my hope." [These words] mean more now that I have learnt that the Latin word comes from the verb sub-capere, to take underneath and so with the idea of supporting, raising, and that in Roman usage it was the word for a father taking up a new-born infant from the ground and thus recognizing it as his own…Accept me, receive me, support me, raise me up – wonderful singing words that say everything that I want to say as a prayer for myself.
Esther de Waal, Living With Contradiction
Signs of Summer
The below "photo story" highlights some of the things that make this season special at our monastery:
The sound of singing birds filling our chapel through the open windows is a sure sign that summer has arrived. This year a Red-winged Blackbird nest was found woven through the grass along the bank of one of the irrigation ditches.
Mowing, weeding, and gardening are very time-intensive during the summer months, but even more so this year since we are in the process of moving the location of the main vegetable garden to be closer to our cloister area.
Wooden crucifix in the Sisters' Refectory
The Blessed Sacrament as seen from one of the upper loft oratories in our chapel
One of the best things about summer is the liturgical Solemnities that are celebrated, including Pentecost, the Most Holy Trinity, Corpus Christi, the Sacred Heart of Jesus, the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, Saints Peter and Paul, Saint Benedict, and the Assumption of Mary. In honor of Corpus Christi, here is a beautiful word about the institution of the Eucharist:
Our Lord raised His hands over the apostles, His lips moved in prayer, and He then said: "Do this in commemoration of me"…
By this act Our Lord made possible for all time His stay on earth amongst men, whom He loved to such an excess. And yet He knew with His Divine foresight what that meant for Him. Though He saw that His Body and Blood would be treated with reverence by a multitude of devout souls, yet He realised full well that in many and many an instance in the course of ages He would be placing Himself at the mercy of unworthy and sinful priests who would treat Him with irreverence and sacrilege. He saw in vision all the profanations, outrages and, what was more painful still to His loving heart, the cold indifference that He was to endure…
Love, especially Divine Love, does not halt to calculate and weigh advantage and disadvantage in the balance.
Excerpts from "The Last Supper" by Edward Leen, C.S.Sp.
Paschal Candles + Exsultet Audio
Thanks to the hard work of the Sisters in our paschal candle department, parishes across the state are now burning our hand-painted candles in their churches. Sister Fidelis' beautiful scene of the tomb on Easter morning was replicated by each artist on candles large and small, depending on what each parish ordered. Paschal candles are used during the Easter Vigil Mass to carry the flame from the Easter fire into the church, and from which every other candle in the church is lit, as a symbol of Christ the true Light enlightening the world and dispelling the darkness of evil.
A very blessed Easter season to all—He is Risen!
Abbess Mother Maria-Michael sings the Exsultet at the Easter Vigil Mass. The final part of this age-old prayer is about the Easter candle, featured in the audio clip above.
The people who walked in darkness
have seen a great light;
Upon those who lived in a land of gloom
a light has shone.
Philip ran up and heard him reading Isaiah the prophet and said, "Do you understand what you are reading?" He replied, "How can I, unless someone instructs me?" So he invited Philip to get in and sit with him. This was the scripture passage he was reading:
"Like a sheep he was led to the slaughter,
and as a lamb before its shearer is silent,
so he opened not his mouth.
In (his) humiliation justice was denied him.
Who will tell of his posterity?
For his life is taken from the earth."
Then the eunuch said to Philip in reply, "I beg you, about whom is the prophet saying this? About himself, or about someone else?" Then Philip opened his mouth and, beginning with this scripture passage, he proclaimed Jesus to him.
Annunciation Motet
On March 25, the Annunciation of the Lord, Sister Maria renewed her monastic vows for another year. Join us in praying for her, as her next step will be making her Solemn Profession next year!
During the celebration of the Eucharist on that day, some of our Sisters sang a motet called "Dixit Maria" by Hans Leo Hassler, in honor of Mary's response to Gabriel's message. The video features their singing, along with the tapestries hanging in our chapel woven by a nun from Abtei St. Walburg in Eichstätt, Germany:
Tearful Adam with his sorrowing family begs this of you, O loving Virgin, in their exile from Paradise. Abraham begs it, David begs it. All the other holy patriarchs, your ancestors, ask it of you, as they dwell in the country of the shadow of death. This is what the whole earth waits for, prostrate at your feet. It is right in doing so, for on your word depends comfort for the wretched, ransom for the captive, freedom for the condemned, indeed, salvation for all the sons of Adam, the whole of your race.
Answer quickly, O Virgin. Reply in haste to the angel, or rather through the angel to the Lord. Answer with a word, receive the Word of God. Speak your own word, conceive the divine Word. Breathe a passing word, embrace the eternal Word.
Why do you delay, why are you afraid? Believe, give praise, and receive. Let humility be bold, let modesty be confident. This is no time for virginal simplicity to forget prudence. In this matter alone, O prudent Virgin, do not fear to be presumptuous. Though modest silence is pleasing, dutiful speech is now more necessary. Open your heart to faith, O blessed Virgin, your lips to praise, your womb to the Creator. See, the desired of all nations is at your door, knocking to enter. If he should pass by because of your delay, in sorrow you would begin to seek him afresh, the One whom your soul loves. Arise, hasten, open. Arise in faith, hasten in devotion, open in praise and thanksgiving. Behold the handmaid of the Lord, she says, be it done to me according to your word.
In Praise of the Virgin Mother by St. Bernard (Hom. 4, 8-9: Opera omnia, Edit. Cisterc. 4 [1966], 53-54)
Our Feb. 2 Tradition
Every year on February 2, the Feast of the Presentation of the Lord, after the blessing of candles and the celebration of the Eucharist, we place our candles in a heart candelabra in front of the altar to burn throughout the day. It is a tradition that honors the Sacred Heart of Christ, which burns with love for us, and serves as a reminder that our vocation is to return love for Love – that in us, Love Himself may be loved.
Watch this video to see our candles burning on the Feast of the Presentation, and hear some of our Sisters sing "Ave Sacer Christi Sanguis".
"GOD has created my heart only for Himself. He asks me to give it to Him that He may make it happy. "
Remembering Sister Pauline
Sister Pauline LaPlante, OSB, September 4, 1934 – January 2, 2022
Sister Pauline was born on September 4, 1934 in Verdun, a suburb of Montreal, in the province of Quebec, Canada. Her birth name was Marie Anna Yolande, and her father Louis LaPlante worked at a hosier factory, and mother Emerilda Chartier LaPlante had been a teacher, but became a full-time home-maker after Yolanda's birth. She was the only child. At four years old, she saw a film on St. Therese and was so deeply impressed that she decided she wanted to become a nun. After her first year of high school, her parents transferred her from the French section to the English section of the same school, in order for her to learn English. After high school, Yolande attended a private secretarial college and worked as a secretary for the next six years.
At 19, she visited the Abbaye de Saint-Benoit-du-Lac and fell in love with the Benedictines. In opposition to her parents' wishes, she entered the Monastery Mont-Laurier, 150 miles north of Montreal on October 8, 1956. She was occupied mostly with secretarial work and bookkeeping, but was also a printer for nine years. She made her first profession on October 7, 1958 and took the name Pauline.
In 1980, she transferred to the monastery of St. Walburga in Bouder. It happened like this: One afternoon in Fall of 1979, there was waiting in the parlor a tall, slim lady in her forties with carefully arranged reddish-blond hair. She was announced as Miss LaPlante, coming from Texas. After the exchange of a few pleasantries, she inquired when we would have Vespers and Compline, whether we said Matins in the morning or anticipate it the day before, and then she asked whether she could see Reverend Mother. Then she "confessed": "I am really Sr. Pauline LaPlante, a Benedictine for almost 25 years from Mont Laurier close to Montreal. For certain reasons, I had to leave my monastery, and am now in search of a new community. I did not write beforehand, because every monastery I wrote to either did not answer at all or denied my request of transfer. So, I thought, if I am just here, you would not turn me out. I only want to save my monastic vocation!" She was close to tears. The Prioress, Mother Gertrude, agreed that Sister Pauline could stay in the guest house. She was given some work to do for two months, and on January 25, her name-day, after a letter of recommendation from her former Abbess had arrived, she was allowed to enter. There were no formal Constitutions nor Canon Law regulations known for a case of "transfers". So, after a year of probation, again on her name day, Sr. Pauline transferred her vows to our community.
She has been a most faithful and loyal member of our community, and a stellar model of a Benedictine nun. Many people have been blessed by the correspondence she kept up as our community secretary for decades, as well as by purchasing one of the thousands of rosaries she made throughout her life. In fact, it was due to her repair of a rosary that the possibility arose for us to move to Virginia Dale from Boulder. She was known for the "twinkle" in her eye, and a thoughtful and gentle spirit that became the essence of her personality.


The Turkish and Iranian leaders on Wednesday discussed recent developments in Syria, especially the besieged enclave of Eastern Ghouta, according to Turkish presidential sources.
In a phone conversation, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani stressed that their nations plus Russia must work together to make the UN's Syria cease-fire a reality, said the sources, who asked not to be named due to restrictions on speaking to the media.
The two leaders agreed to accelerate efforts to realize the cease-fire in order to end the tragedy in Eastern Ghouta and deliver humanitarian aid to civilians.
The presidents also exchanged views about the trilateral summit between Turkey, Iran, and Russia set for next month in Istanbul.
Eastern Ghouta, a Damascus suburb, has been under siege for the last five years, and humanitarian access to the area, which is home to some 400,000 people, has been completely cut off.
In the past eight months, Assad regime forces have intensified their siege, making it nearly impossible for food or medicine to get into the district and leaving thousands of civilians in need.
On Feb. 24, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution calling for a 30-day cease-fire in Syria.
Despite the UN cease-fire resolution, at least 756 people have been killed in regime attacks in the besieged areas in the past two weeks, according to White Helmets civil defense agency.


Before attempting these tricks, master Mills Mess. Rubenstein's and Romeo's Revenge patterns are easily the most complicated 3 ball juggling patterns, but with a little work, anyone can perform them. Learn how to juggle the Rubenstein's and Romeo's Revenge patterns by watching and following along with the step by step instructions in this juggling how-to video.


Since 1953 ISI has helped shape leaders in every corner of American life. Here is just a small selection of principled leaders to have come through ISI's leadership development programs.
Richard V. Allen is an international business consultant in Washington, D.C., and Senior Counselor to APCO Worldwide, Washington. He is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University, and is a Member of the Advisory Board, Center for Strategic & International Studies, Washington; a Member of the Board of Trustees of The Intercollegiate Studies Institute; a Member of the Council on Foreign Relations; a Member of the Advisory Board, The Nixon Center, Washington; an Honorary Fellow in Politics and Fellow of St. Margaret's College at The University of Otago, New Zealand; and Co-Chair of The U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. From 2001-2007, he was a Member of the Defense Policy Board, Department of Defense, which advises the U. S. Secretary of Defense.
During the first year of the Reagan Administration he served as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (National Security Advisor) and was Mr. Reagan's Chief Foreign Policy Advisor from 1977 to 1980. He was Deputy Assistant to the President of the United States and Deputy Executive Director of the Council on International Economic Policy, The White House. In 1968 he was Chief Foreign Policy Coordinator for the campaign of Richard Nixon, and was appointed by the President as Senior Staff member of the National Security Council.
Mr. Allen holds BA and MA degrees from the University of Notre Dame, and studied at the Universities of Freiburg and Munich in Germany. He has received honorary doctorates from Pepperdine University, Hanover University, and Korea University. He was Senior Policy Advisor to the 1976, 1980, and 1984 Republican Platform Committees, and directed the International Cooperation Fund's 1984 and 1988 political convention activities. He has been a member of the Republican National Committee's Advisory Council on National Security and International Affairs, as well as Chairman of its Subcommittee on Intelligence. He has published numerous books and articles including National Security: Political, Military and Economic Strategies in the Decade Ahead (1963); East-West Trade: Its Strategic Implications (1964); Peace or Peaceful Coexistence? (1966); Democracy and Communism: Theory and Action (1967); The Yearbook on International Communist Affairs (1969); and other policy writings appearing in national and international newspapers, journals and national magazines. His major areas of interest include national security and foreign policy, trans-Atlantic relations, Asia, international trade and economic policy.
He is a frequent commentator and panelist on national network public policy programs in this country and abroad, and lectures widely at academic and civic institutions and events. He and his wife, Patricia Mason Allen, have seven children and twenty-two grandchildren. They live in Denver, Colorado and The Gibbston Valley near Queenstown, South Island, New Zealand.
Dr. Hadley Arkes is Edward Ney Professor of Jurisprudence and American Institutions at Amherst College. He was Fellow of the Woodrow Wilson Center of the Smithsonian Institution and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Dr. Arkes is also known to a larger audience as a writer for The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, Commentary, Crisis, and The National Review.
Dr. Arkes received his Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Chicago and had authored five books including: Bureaucracy, the Marshall Plan, and the National Interest, The Philosopher in the City, First Things, Beyond the Constitution, and The Return of George Sutherland , all published by Princeton University press.
Edwin J. Feulner is Former Chairman of the Intercollegiate Studies Institute and Former President of the Heritage Foundation, Washington's leading public policy organization. In 1989 President Reagan conferred the Presidential Citizens Medal on him as "a leader of the conservative movement."
Dr. Feulner was a consultant for Domestic Policy to President Reagan and a member of the President's Commission on White House Fellows. He has also served as the Executive Director of the Republican Study Committee in the U.S. House of Representatives; United States Representative to the United Nations Second Special Session on Disarmament (with the rank of Ambassador) where he delivered the final United States address to the General Assembly; and also served on the Executive Committee of the Presidential Transition during the transition from the Carter administration to the Reagan administration.
He currently serves as Treasurer and Trustee of The Mont Pelerin Society; Member of the Board of the National Chamber Foundation; member of the Board of Visitors of George Mason University; a Trustee of the Acton Institute and the International Republican Institute. Dr. Feulner has also received degrees and honorary degrees from universities all over the world including Pepperdine University, and University of Edinburgh, where he received his Ph.D. He is the author of five books, has contributed to ten others, and has a weekly column that appears in major newspapers nationwide.
Robert P. George is McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton University and has been a visiting professor at Harvard Law School. He has received the Presidential Citizens Medal, the Bradley Prize for Intellectual and Civic Achievement, and the Canterbury Medal of the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty. He is a member of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom and has served on the President's Council on Bioethics and the United States Commission on Civil Rights. Professor George holds degrees from Swarthmore, Harvard, and Oxford, as well as many honorary degrees. A regular guest on television and radio and a frequent contributor to popular and scholarly publications, he is the author of Conscience and Its Enemies and The Clash of Orthodoxies and coauthor of What Is Marriage? and Embryo: A Defense of Human Life.
Steven Hayward is senior resident scholar at Berkeley's Institute of Governmental Studies. A former ISI Weaver Fellow, Hayward has served as a fellow at the John M. Ashbrook Center, the American Enterprise Institute, and the Pacific Research Institute in San Francisco. He is the author of several books, including the two-volume Age of Reagan, Churchill on Leadership, Greatness, and Patriotism Is Not Enough.
Dr. Mansfield is the William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of Government at Harvard University. He has held Guggenheim and NEH Fellowships and been a Fellow at the National Humanities Center. One of America's leading political theorists, his books include Machiavelli's Virtue, Taming the Prince, America's Constitutional Soul, and The Spirit of Liberalism.
Matthew Spalding is Associate Vice President and Dean of Educational Programs for Hillsdale College in Washington, D.C. He is best-selling author of We Still Hold These Truths: Rediscovering Our Principles, Reclaiming Our Future (ISI Books, 2009), and co-author of A Sacred Union of Citizens: George Washington's Farewell Address and the American Character (Rowman & Littlefield, 1996).
Marc A. Thiessen is a columnist for the Washington Post, a New York Times bestselling author, and a Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. The Daily Telegraph named him one of the "100 most influential conservatives in America." Thiessen had a fifteen-year national security career that took him from Capitol Hill to the Pentagon to the White House, where was chief speechwriter to President George W. Bush. He is a graduate of Vassar College, where he began his writing career with ISI's Collegiate Network of independent student publications.


OK, firstly the game was running fine with my T'Bird 1333 overclocked to 1.4ghz, with 640MB on an ABIT KT7A, with Win XP Pro and a Hercules 3D Prophet 4500 (Kyro II chipset). This was until the fan packed up on it and the GPU fried itself!!
1) Updated my Bios 2) updated to DX9 Since uninstalled it though 3) removed soundcard (SB Live! some problems reported with KT133A chipset, AMD Processors and Creative cards) 4) tried various drivers - although the ones supplied with the card are the latest ones availible. 5) updated game to v2199 6) uninstalled - reinstalled - updated 7) tried various registry patches for XP 8) downloaded all the updates from windows update 9) obviously tried running game at lowest possible details 10) tried setting clock speed to normal i.e. not overclocking 11) the card says that it supports 4x and 2x AGP buses (the KT7A only runs upto 4x) but neither of these settings made any difference. I have also tried changing the AGP aperture size but still no joy.
I think that the problem may be due to the 8X AGP thing.
Finally, after weeks of sifting through pages on the net, i have managed to get it to work!!


text:
Topical waters
December 9, 2007 Posted in News
Research published last month paints an increasingly gloomy picture of the accelerating rate of climate change, raising genuine fears that efforts to combat carbon emissions may already be too late to restrict seismic changes in the earth's temperatures.
Compiled by a group of eminent scientists and published in the U.S. journal 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)the report suggests that greenhouse gases are rising at a faster rate now than they did in the 1990's.
The scientists cite three main causes for this alarming rise; Growth in the world economy, increased fossil fuel emissions since 2000 and a decline in the efficiency of the ocean and land 'sinks' to absorb carbon emissions.
In the wake of this troubling new data about ocean carbon absorption, a range of geo-engineering solutions are being hotly debated in the scientific community and piloted by eco-businesses. The hope is that by intervening in the ocean's eco-system we will be able to reverse or stabilize the rates of growth in global warming.
The oceans are natural 'CO2 sinks' (a reservoir that absorbs atmospheric carbon). Phytoplankton — microscopic organisms that congregate near the ocean surface – absorb atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis. At the end of their lifetime — usually only a few days — they fall to the ocean floor carrying with them the CO2.
Scientists have known for some time that large swathes of the earth's oceans harbor extremely low densities of phytoplankton. These areas are known as HNLC (high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll) zones and are thought to be caused by a scarcity of iron.
This iron-deficiency theory was first postulated in the 1930's by English scientist Joseph Hart.
But it wasn't until the 1980's that the American oceanographer John Martin measured the iron content of the seawater in HNLC zones and found negligible amounts.
He argued that the sea gets it iron from dust swept into the sea from the land, and that wind currents weren't carrying iron to HNLC areas. Martin tested his hypothesis in Antarctica and found that phytoplankton thrived in jars of seawater infused with iron.
Martin's discoveries set in motion further research in this area and it was in the spirit of his work that a ship named Weatherbird II set sail for the tropical waters of the eastern Atlantic earlier this month.
Its mission is to carry out Martin's experiment on a much grander scale, pouring iron ore into the ocean in an attempt to stimulate plankton growth and assess the wider effects on sea life.
The pilot study has been organized by Planktos, a Californian-based eco-restoration company.
"This really might be an incredible solution," Planktos CEO Russ George told CNN.
"In climate change we talk about a tipping point, but in oceans and ocean life we are far over that tipping point," he said.
George has been involved in the carbon credit business for over 30 years. He started a tree planting company in British Columbia and estimates that he has planted over a quarter of a billion trees in Canada alone.
A subsidiary company, KlimaFa Ltd is currently restoring forests in the European Union with over 100,000 hectares of land in Hungary being replenished.
It was when the Kyoto accord was first signed in 1997 that George started thinking of new ways to sell carbon credits and started researching iron fertilization. He is confident that it will be a success.
"20 years and 100-200 million dollars of public funds have identified this iron tonic solution as a way to restore the productivity of the ocean," he said.
Yet Planktos is a constant target for groups who don't buy into the idea of carbon offsets.


text:
HIV/AIDS > HIV/AIDS
HIV Stats Point to Need for Annual Testing
— Most HIV diagnoses were made after at least one negative test, CDC researchers found.
by Todd Neale, Senior Staff Writer, MedPage Today June 22, 2012
Most HIV diagnoses (59%) were made after at least one negative test, according to CDC data on teens and adults who received a new diagnosis from 2006 to 2009.
But AIDS was more likely to develop within 6 months of diagnosis among the 41% who received the diagnosis on their first test (37% versus 20%), Angela Hernandez, MD, of the agency's division of HIV/AIDS prevention, and colleagues reported in the June 22 issue of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
That indicates that individuals with no history of negative tests are at risk for being diagnosed later in the course of the disease, according to an editorial note that accompanied the report.
"Persons who are unaware of their HIV infection might not change their behavior to reduce the risk for transmission and will not be linked to care, resulting in worse health outcomes," the study authors wrote.
Thus, they continued, "enhanced efforts are needed to increase annual HIV testing for populations at high risk for HIV infection to increase early detection."
Since 2006, the CDC has recommended HIV testing for adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in healthcare settings, with testing at least once a year for those at high risk for infection.
That high-risk group includes users of injection drugs and their sexual partners, people who exchange sex for money or drugs, sexual partners of HIV-infected people, men who have sex with men, and heterosexual individuals who have had more than one sexual partner since their most recent HIV test or who have a partner who has.
To examine previous HIV testing among teens and adults with a new HIV diagnosis, the researchers looked at data from the CDC's National HIV Surveillance System. The analysis included individuals 13 and older living in 16 states and two cities.
From 2006 to 2009, there were an estimated 125,104 new diagnoses of HIV infection. There was information on testing history for less than half of them (46%).
Overall, 41% were diagnosed on their first test, 24% were diagnosed within a year of a negative test result, 12% were diagnosed 1 to 2 years after a negative result, and 21% were diagnosed more than 2 years after a negative result.
The groups with the highest rate of diagnosis on the first test were individuals 50 and older (59%), males with heterosexual transmission (56%), males with transmission by injection drug use (54%), black individuals (44%), and heterosexual females (44%).
The groups most likely to be diagnosed within a year of a negative test results were those ages 13 to 29 (33%), males who acquired the infection through male-to-male sexual contact (29%), and whites (28%).
The authors noted that the results are not generalizable to the entire U.S. population and are limited by the lack of testing history information for more than half of the people diagnosed with HIV during the study and possible uncertainty introduced by adjustment for reporting delays and missing risk factor information.
Source Reference: Hernandez A, et al "Previous HIV testing among adults and adolescents newly diagnosed with HIV infection -- national HIV surveillance system, 18 jurisdictions, United States, 2006-2009" MMWR 2012; 61: 441-445.


Prudential Retirement ®, a unit of Prudential Financial, Inc. ( NYSE: PRU), has concluded about $2.
Doubling down on its commitment to make lives better by solving the financial challenges of our changing world, Prudential Financial, Inc.
TORONTO, April 15, 2019 /CNW/ - Trading resumes in: Company: Perseus Mining Limited TSX Symbol: PRU (all issues) Resumption (ET): 08:00 IIROC can make a decision to impose a temporary suspension (halt) of trading in a security of a publicly-listed company.
Prudential Financial, Inc. ( NYSE: PRU) announced the introduction of a range of new financial wellness solutions to help address the most pressing financial challenges facing American consumers.
More than half of Americans say they'd earn a "C" or lower when it comes to financial literacy, according to a new survey conducted by Harris Poll on behalf of Prudential Financial, Inc.
PGIM High Yield Bond Fund, Inc. (NYSE:ISD) (the "Fund"), a diversified, closed-end management investment company, announced today its unaudited investment results for the quarter ended February 28, 2019.
Prudential Financial, Inc. (NYSE:PRU) will release its first quarter 2019 earnings on Wednesday, May 1, 2019, after the market closes.
Westchester County selected Prudential Retirement as record keeper for its deferred compensation retirement plan.
PGIM Global High Yield Fund, Inc. (NYSE:GHY), (the "Fund"), a diversified, closed-end management investment company, announced today its unaudited investment results for the quarter ended January 31, 2019.
Dmitri Rabin will join the fixed income team of Jennison Associates as a managing director and portfolio manager, effective March 12, 2019.
PGIM Short Duration High Yield Fund, Inc. (NYSE: ISD) and PGIM Global Short Duration High Yield Fund, Inc.
Peter W. Latara has joined Jennison Associates as a managing director and relationship manager, effective Feb.
Prudential Financial, Inc. (NYSE:PRU) will participate in the RBC Capital Markets Financial Institutions Conference in New York, NY on Wednesday, March 13, 2019.
Prudential Financial, Inc. ( NYSE: PRU) has been named a 2019 World's Most Ethical Company by the Ethisphere® Institute, a global leader in defining and advancing the standards of ethical business practices.
AM Best has assigned a Long-Term Issue Credit Rating of "a-" to the newly issued senior unsecured notes of Prudential Financial, Inc.
Prudential Capital Group has appointed Debra Hemsey as managing director of Prudential Capital Energy Partners (PCEP), the middle-market energy mezzanine fund business sponsored by Prudential Capital Group.
Prudential Financial, Inc. (NYSE:PRU): Net income attributable to Prudential Financial for 2018 of $4.


Renzo Piano Building Workshop's first condo development in Manhattan, 565 Broome Soho, has been in the works for several years—construction began in 2016, and it's been steadily rising ever since—but it recently hit a big milestone, with the first residents moving in.
Now that the building has reached that point, developers Bizzi & Partners, Halpern Real Estate Ventures, and Aronov Development are offering a first look inside the dual-tower building, with two model units that have been outfitted by different interior designers. One, North 22A, is a three-bedroom designed by Damon Liss asking $8.15 million; the other, South 25B, is a two-bedroom designed by March & White that's asking $7.165 million.


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