In Clash Royale, Fire Spirits is an outstanding cards with low Elixir cost and can target both air and ground units. Added in the last update, Fire Spirits were a brand new card with a unique mechanic. They kill themselves! While technically troops, their function is comparable to spells and have even earned the title "pseudo-spells" from various users. Their innate uniqueness and incredible cuteness seems like enough to win over the hearts of the Clash Royale player-base, right? Wrong! Let's take a look to see how to use it properly guys! Thanks RotomGuy for sharing these tips at here.
Fire Spirits are, as you probably know, Kamikaze units. Like other ranged units, Fire Spirits have a range at which they can shoot their projectiles. However, they are the projectiles! They fire one big fireball and then die.
At Tournament Levels (9), Fire Spirits have 91 HP each and deal 169 area damage each. This means that the opponent's towers cannot kill them in one hit! But HP is not really the most important factor here, since your Fire Spirits should rarely receive damage anyway. The only way they should be dying is suicide!
As such, what we want to pay attention to here is the damage. At 169 damage each, they are essentially a Level 9 Wizard Fireball each. We all know Wizard Fireballs hurt, especially at Level 9. So imagine 3 of them, in quick succession.
Fire Spirits are the best AoE cards in the game taking Elixir Cost and Damage into account, the only thing you need to do is get them to their destination alive.
Most likely, you all know about the defensive capabilities for Fire Spirits. However, using them in a way to reach these capabilities isn't always easy.
These two cards are basic aerial units with low HP. But despite their weaknesses, they are easily one of the most widely used cards in the entire game. Arrows are a well-known hard counter to both, but not every deck uses Arrows. Plus, Arrow Bait decks can waste your arrows allowing the Minion Horde to wreak havoc on your towers.
Fear not, Fire Spirits are here. Fire Spirits are an even harder counter to these two cards than Arrows are. Coming off with a +1 Elixir trade against the former and a +3 Elixir trade against the latter, they work even better than Arrows do. Simply place the Fire Spirits far enough out of reach so that the Minions won't reach them before their 1 second placement time is up and watch the entire Horde all die, or survive with enough HP to be one-shot by the towers.
Barbarians are also incredibly common cards. They can stand up to a decent amount of pain and together, they can do big damage if left alone. AoE is of course the best method of taking them out, and who did I say were the best AoE cards in the game? Fire Spirits do major damage to Barbarians leaving them with enough HP to survive, at max, 2 tower hits. That's a +3 Elixir trade.
Placing Fire Spirits against Barbs can be tricky though, as the group can organize themselves oddly. If they're in their usual square formation, placing Fire Spirits nearby is easy. However, by placing Barbs behind the tower, it causes them to walk in a line. Placing Fire Spirits in front of this line is ineffective as it'll only damage the first two Barbarians. Instead, Fire Spirits should be placed to the side of the queue so that they'll run into the 2nd and 3rd Barbarians, often damaging the entire line.
When they reach your side of the arena, it is almost always with another stronger troop, like Hog or Valkyrie. As such, Fire Spirits are a very good choice for taking them out while they're together in a group. The Fire Spirits will kill them and deal significant damage to the troop they were together with.
Fire Spirits should be placed out of range so that they can spawn without dying, and then go on to wipe out all the precious calcium. Guards included. The first two should destroy the shields and the last one should kill the spoopy skeletons hiding beneath.
Goblin Barrel is a rare card but Fire Spirits are a hard counter. If the Goblins are bunched up in one place, one Spirit will kill all 3. But if the card is playing correctly and the Goblins are each on different sides, the Spirits will abandon their usual jump-even-if-one-of-my-brothers-is-going-to-kill-anyway mindset and each go for a separate goblin.
Balloons can be panic-inducing since they're usually played behind a bigger unit or when the opponent has realized you don't have much Elixir to stop a Balloon push. Well, with Fire Spirits being so beautifully cheap, the latter should almost never occur unless they aren't in your line-up. Fire Spirits take a huge chunk out of a Balloon's HP. No other troop can do this much damage to a Balloon this quickly for such a low cost.
Now we're getting into the territory of the troops you probably shouldn't be playing Fire Spirits against, but if you must, this is how. These are all ranged AoE units, the defensive Fire Spirit's worst nightmare. The best way to allow Fire Spirits to get a hit in is by distracting them with another cheap troop. While this will cost more than just 2 Elixir, Fire Spirits do tear into the HP bars of all of these troops allowing to be taken out by a tower before they do too much harm.
While Fire Spirits are nowhere near a counter to the Prince, playing them well can hugely decrease the amount of damage a Prince can do if you can't stop them with anything else. When a Prince is charging, place Fire Spirits toward the middle of the arena so that the Prince will reach them before the 1 second placement time is up. The Prince will use up his charge damage on one and by the time he can attack again, the other two will be awake and will have dealt good damage to the Prince. The Fire Spirits should be placed so that the Prince's walk back to the tower is not long enough for him to attempt another charge.
Fire Spirits can hurt a Musketeer and can hurt all three Musketeers but they aren't optimal counters since the Musketeers outrange the Spirits and kill them before they can even spawn. As above, a distraction is necessary.
Unfortunately, the larger troops like Giant, Golem, PEKKA, etc. can shake off a Fire Spirit's damage rather easily. It is more advisable to use a troop/building that can draw the troop away from your tower and/or deal constant damage rather than use Fire Spirits.
No, not that kind of offensive! Though, it is an easy mistake to make since using Fire Spirits offensively is quite rare. However, using Fire Spirits on the offensive is surprisingly strong.
At Tournament Levels, Fire Spirits are strong enough to survive a hit from a tower with one HP to spare. As such, placing them alone down a lane means that at least one can get to the opponent's tower if they play nothing. This isn't exactly a fantastic use of Fire Spirits though since it is better to play them in other ways.
However, if all the action is going down in one lane, this can be used to get a cheap 170 damage on the other tower.
Almost exactly the same as the above tactic, however you will instead place skeletons first and put Spirits immediately behind the Skeletons. Both will be placed just before a bridge.
Despite being basically the same as Singular Spirits, for one more Elixir, the skeletons will absorb all the damage and let all 3 Spirits hit the tower for 510 free damage. For me, at least, the opponent rarely places any troops to stop such a push, instead assuming that the tower will get the job done.
Despite the low cost of this tactic, it is easy to stop with a Valkyrie, Arrows, or even Zap for a +1 Elixir trade to them.
While the Skeletons do make an effective damage shield for the Spirits, it's not surprising that mini-tanks like Knight and Valkyrie do the job better. However, this one works slightly differently since both components are equal. While the shield troop's primary function is to absorb tower damage for the Spirits and let them hit the tower, it can work on the inverse. If a troop if placed to try and stop the mini-tank, the Spirits will attack them and dig into their HP bar, letting the mini-tank take them out and go on to deal damage of their own. Another great thing about this push is that the Fire Spirit's high speed causes them to push the mini-tank toward the tower quicker than they usually walk.
Dealing with this push can be tricky since each troop defends the other depending on what is placed to counter it. Defensive buildings however can thwart this push.
Tanks like Giants and PEKKAs are at the mercy of smaller troops such as Goblins, Barbarians and Minions. Many carry Arrows and Fireballs to stop them but cards like the loathsome Minion Horde can inflict serious damage before the arrows even reach them. However, placing Fire Spirits behind a tank before they cross the bridge is essentially an automatic Fireball-Arrow hybrid that hits in less than a second rather than waiting for you to react and shoot. Wiping out Goblins and Minions and seriously injuring Barbarians, Fire Spirits behind a tank are very effective.
And that there, is a guide on how to use Fire Spirits. For anyone questioning their offensive or even questioning their defensive capabilities, I encourage you to read this post and re-consider. Fire Spirits are such a cute card and i'd hate for them to go un-used just because people didn't know how to play them properly.
Okay so that is the intro of our new card today. Do you like it? I hope we can see a lot of strategies in the future utilizing this awesome card! Stay tuned guys! More guides about the new cards will be released soon!


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Ireland is an island about 486 km long and 275 km wide, separated from Great Britain Britain by the Irish Sea. It has an extremely mild climate and lots of rain – good for growing grass, which is why is it known as the Emerald Isle.
The island has had an interesting political history, struggling to gain independence from the UK, and since 1921 it has been divided politically into two parts.
The majority of the island, 26 countries (or administrative districts), are known as the Republic of Ireland and the population is 4.5million. The remaining 6 coutries in the north are called Northern Ireland, and remain part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland has a population of 2 million and its main city is Belfast.
Irish Gaelic is the offical native language of the Republic of Ireland, but in reality English is used in everyday life.
Dublin is the capital city and is over 1 000 years old. It has a strong history of writers and poets like Oscar Wilde and James Joyce. Its main tourist attractions are Dublin Castle, St Patrick's Cathedral, O'Connell Street and the Guinness Brewery. The city has a lively Irish music and pub scene.
Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. The majority of Irish people were(and are) Catholics but the English rulers were Protestant. The English took away the Catholic's land and gave it to Protestant Scottish and English farmers. For hundreds of years, Irish Catholics fought against the English. Eventually, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The results is that today there are two ''Irelands'', Northern Ireland. In the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
Ireland is sometimes called ''the Emerald isle'' because it is a very green island with a wet but warm climate.
In the 1840s people died of hunger because their crop was affected by disease.
Many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices.
The Irish are famous for being warmhearted and friendly.
Since independence, Ireland has revived its own culture of music, language (Irish, a form of Gaelic), literature (Wilde) and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of irish music use many different instruments such as the harp, the fiddle (violin), whistles, and Irish bagpipes.
The Republic of Ireland (the Irish Republic) occupies about five-sixth of the total area of Ireland – the Emerald Isle. The rest of the island . the largest part of the province of Ulster – is occupied by Northern Ireland.
The Republic of Ireland covers 70 thousand square kilometres and consists of four provinces(Ulster, Munster, Leinster, Connaught) and 26 coutries.
Most of the island is a central plain, ringed by low mountains, in the west and south and by lowlands in the east.
The Shannon River, the longest river in the British Isles. It forms many important lakes. The seacoast is mild and beautiful.
The climate is temperate, with mild winters and cool summers. Heav forms many important lakes. The seacoast is mild and beautiful.
The climate is temperate, with mild winters and cool summers. Heavy rainfall in all seasons encourages green vegetation, hence the name the Emerald Isle. The soil is suitable for farming and cattle raising.
The capital od the Republic of Ireland is Dublin, with more than one million inhabitants.
The first inhabitants of Ireland were wise Druids. In about 300B.C. was conquered by the Celts (from France called Gaels). In 432 A.D. Patrick, the Patron Saint of Ireland, converted the people to Christianity and taught them to read and write. Shamrock became the Ireland's national emblem. In St Patrick's name, the day of the wearing of the green shamrock has been celebrated on 17th March by the Irish all over the world.
From the 5th to the 8th century it was the golden era of Irish culture, The era ended in the 8th century when the Vikings invaded Ireland. The Norman conquest followed under Henry VIII, who took the title king of Ireland, imposed his Protestant religion on the country. In 1845 the Great Famine hit Ireland and lasted for four years. Starvation, diseases and mass emigration reduced the population from over 8 million before the Great Famine to about 4.5million at the end of the century.
In 1899 the Sinn Féin movement started in Ireland. Later it organized an army of volunteers known as the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and, in 1916, inspired an armed rebellion on Easter Monday in Dublin. The Irish Republic was proclaimed on that day.
In 1922 the Irish Free State consisting of 26 Catholic countries and Northern Ireland consisting of the 6 Protestant countries of Ulster. In 1949 the State was renamed the Republic of Ireland and left the British Commonwealth of Nations, Today the population of Ireland is about 3.5 million inhabitants.
People living in the Republic of Ireland are bilingual: they speak Irish Gaelic and English which is their second official language.
The Republic of Ireland is an independent country with its political systém set up on a democratic principle close to that of the United States of America.
The head of the state is the President elected for 7 years by the direct vote of the people.
The Irish flag is a tricolor with vertical stripes of green, white and orange. The green colour symbolizes the Emerald Isle and the Catholic majority of the population. White in the centre expresses the need for peace and understanding between Catholics and Protestants represented by the orange stripe.
The Irish national anthem is called ''The Soldier's Song''.
Ireland has always been primarily agricultural producting mainly beef and dairy products. Tourism has also become one of the fast growing industries.
He was not a native Irishman. He was born in either Scotland or Roman England in the later half of the 4th century AD. His parents were Romans living in Britain and when he was fourteen or so, he was captured by pirates along with other children and sold into slavery in Ireland.
Ireland at this time was a land of druids and pagan beliefs. During his captivity, Patrick turned to God who, according to legend, told him to escape. It took him six years before he succeeded. He went to Britain and then to France where he joined a monastery. Patrick spent around 12 years in training there and when he became a bishop he dreamed that the Irish were calling him back to Ireland to tell them about God, so he set out for Ireland and started converting the Irish to Christianity. For 20 years he travelled throughout Irelnd, establishing monasteries and setting up schools and churches across the country. He died on MArch 17, 461AD.
By the end of the 7th century Patrick had become a legendary figure. One legend says that Patrick used the three-leafed shamrock to explain the concept of the Holy Trinity, which refers to the combination of the Father,Son, nad the Holy Spirit. The shamrock is, therefore, strongly associated with Saint Patrick's Day.
People dress up and there are street parades, fireworks, and lots of Guinness drinking.
It is Karst area(360 sq km – less than 1% of the island), it is covered with limestone blocks.
In the cracks are unique flora – 75% of Irish plant species, a combination of artcic, alpine and subtropical flora.
It is situated in Burren. It is also called Portal Tomb. It looks like a big table. There is the stone at the top – the weight is 5 tons. It built 3,000 years ago, 30 people were buried under it.
It is 214m high, it is 8km along the coast of the Atlantic. Nesting place of many sea birds, e.g. puffins, auks, seagulls. The cliffs are composed of sandstone and slate.
Iveragh Peninsula, also called Little Finland (plenty of lakes). There are beautiful scenery, paradise for hikers, fishermen, nice beaches. Waterville – often visited by Chaplin.
It is Bohemian town with many ppubs, university. Claddagh rings: joined hands(friendship) holding a heart (love) with a crown (faithfulness). It is a city of clans (merchant families), which is formed in middle ages. There is Lynch's Castle – it came from 15th to 18th centuries – it was built by influential Galway family. A legend told – in 1493 Mayor Lynch found his own son guilty of murder. Nobody wanted to execute him so father carried it out himself.
There are many castles and ruins of castles. Dunguaire comes from the 16th century. Medieval banquets are for tourists.
He is an Ireland's patron saint. He was born in England, as a boy captured by Irish traders, 6 years of slavery in Ireland, escaped, studied in France (priest), returned to Ireland. He converted Ireland to Christianity 432-461AD. He used shamrock to explain the concept of the Trinity. He banished all snakes.
The day is celebrated on March 17 (St. Patrick's death in 461 AD). With this day are associated parades, concerts and fireworks. It is conneted with wearingm eating or drinking something green, shamrocks on faces. The festival is celebrated also in the USA, Canada, Australia and other countries.
Irish traditional instruments are harp, pipes, flute, fiddle and bodhran. Today are also typical instruments as accordion nad guitar.
Typical Irish dance is step dancing. Arms are kept still, only work of feet (the current record is 38 taps in 1 second). Michael Flatley : Riverdance, he is a Lord of the Dance.
There are in wet moorlands – layers of peat, many feet thick. It used as fuel in houses (in the past), in power plants (industrial digging). It used in horticulture.
It was developed since 1759 – Arthur Guinness. It is the 6th biggest brewery in the world. The 10 million bottles are drunk every day in 150 countries.
It is also called Uisge beatha = water of life. The difference between Irish whiskey and Scotch whisky. It is distilled 3 times (Scotch twice). The peat is rarely used in the malting process (smoother finish than Scotch).
It is a world heritage site and one of the largest and the most important prehistoric megalithic sites in Europe. They are in the valley of the River Boyne. It is a complex of Neolithic mounds, standing stones. It contains 40 passage graves with burial chambers. Some of them are older than Egyptian pyramids, come from 3500 BC. It was the most famous – Newgrange, Knowth, Dowth.
It was built about 3200BC. It is a large circular mound with a stone passageway and chambers inside (80m in diametre). It was probably a burial place for kings or there were religious rituals. On the winter salstice, at 8.20, rays of the sun start lighting the long passage. When they reach the main chamber, they light it for 17 mins. It was decorated with white quartz.
It is the largest of the passage graves in Brú na Bóinne. It comes from between 2500 and 2000 BC. It consists of 1 large mound and 17 smaller satellite tombs. The mound contains 2 passages placed along an east-west line. They lead to a burial chamber. It is encircled by 127 kerbstones.
The name Glean Dá Loch = glen of two lakes (Upper abd Lower). The St Kevin came here in 498 seeking refuge from society, to meditate abd live a hermit life in a cave. Soon his followers came. A monastery was founded in the 6th century.
The Round Tower: It is about 30m high, its entrance is 3.5m from the basem comes from the 10th century. The purpose: a bell tower, also as a store house or a place of refuge. St Kevin's Church or ''Kitchen'' (the reason for this name is not known). It is the oldest part – the 11th century. It has a stone roof and belfry.
There is a beautiful scenery. There is situated St. Kevin's Bed (a cave), St. Kevin'sCell(founation stones of a shelter). Reefert Church came from the 11th century, a burial place of chiefs of a clan.
According to a legend, St. Patrick preached here and baptized local Irish kings. It was the traditional seat of kings of Munster. In 1647 Oliver Cromwell's troops of looted this place and many buildings were destroyed. The majority of buildings came from the 12th or 13th century. The Round Tower – the oldest building, dry stone method. The Cathedral and Castle. Cormac's Chapel – it contains one of the best preserved Irish Romanesque frescoes.
The coast of Canada(Newfoundland) was discovered by the English (Italian seaman in the service of the King of England – Giovanni Gabotto – John Cabbot). But the first permanent settlers were French – in the 17th century. Anglo-French rivalry in Canada resulted in the defeat of the French and in 1763 Canada became a British colony. In 1867 the British Parliament passed an act, under which Canada was granted self-government and became the first Dominion in the British Empire.
Present – day Canada is politically divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories : Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, Quebeck (kwi'bek), Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia.
Canada is the second largest country in the world, but most of the territory is very thinly populated. The population is concentrated in a comparratively narrow belk close to the US border. The most densely populated provincies are Ontario and Quebec.
The western half of Canada is mountainous (the Cordilleras). Between the eastern lowlands and the Cordilleras there is a region of prairies. This is the principal agricultural area (wheat-growing). The prinicipal rivers: the Mackenzie, the St. Lawrence, the Fraser River.
Climate is continental, but on the Pacific ocean the climate is milder. In the uninhabited North the winters are very severe (arctic climate).
There are resources such as timber(1/3 of the country is covered with forests), uranium, non-ferrous metals, precious metals, coal, iron ore, natural gas.
In 1991 the population of Canada was 27 million. Vast stretches of land is uninhabited (only some Indians and Eskimos).
English is the mother tongue of the majority of Canadians. 30 per cent are French Canadians. Most of them live in the province of Quebec. Both English and French are the official languages.
The federal capital is Otawa.
The largest towns are Montrealm Toronto.
Canada is a highly developed industrial and agrarian country. The main industries are wood and paper industry, food iindustrym engineering and mining.
Agriculture: Canada is the largest wheat producer. The principal fishery areas are the coasts of Newfoundland and the Pacific coast.
Canada is a federation of 10provincies.
As in all the British Dominions, the executive power is nominally in the hands of the Queen of England, represented by the Governor General, but actually: the Canadian Prime Minister and his Cabinet.
New Zealand is a beautiful country on the other side of the world from us here in Europe. It is a very unusual country. The first people to settle in N.Z. were Polynezian tribes – the Maoris (before 1,000 AD), the first Europeans – Dutch (A.Tasman), English (James Cook) 1769. The colonization was in the 19th century.
In 1907 New Zealand was granted the status of a Dominion.
N.Z. is an archipelago consisting of two large islands separated by Cook Strait (North Island and South Island) and a small island (Steward Is.). The density of population is very low. The country is predominantly mountainous. The North Island is famous for its hot springs, geysers. The South Island has fertile plains and high mountains, the Southern Alps (skiing, mountaineering).
N.Z. has a very pleasant, healthy, temperate climate with plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, with warm summers and mild winters. That's why N.Z. has the leading world position in grassland farming.
Most of the people in New Zealand are from European families, mainly British, that came to the country over 200 years ago. There are also many Maori people. Maoris are the original people of New Zealand. They have lived in the country since at least the 1300's.
Maori people have their own customs, traditions and their own language. Today most Maori can speak English. They enjoy singing and dancing at their traditional meeting places called Maraes. The most famous Maori dance is called the ''the Haka''.
New Zealand consists of two main islands. They are known as North Island and South Island. New Zealand contains mountains, lakes and rivers like most countries. New Zealand has very specific type of scenery in the world. The mountains of the South Island are known as the Southern Alps. The highest mountains are volcanic. There are some volcanoes that are still smoking.
The New Zealanders love sport. They are very proud of their rugby team called the ''All Blacks'' (they wear black shirts, shorts and socks). Like many of the Commonwealth countries cricket is the national summer sport. New Zealanders love extreme sports. The mountaineering is very popular for high mountains. Sir Edmund Hilary, the first man to successfully climb Mount Everest in 1953, was from New Zealand. New Zealanders also invented bungee jumping.
New Zealand is home to some amazing animal life. The national symbol of New Zealand is the kiwi bird. Kiwis are unusual birds – they have bad eyesight and no wings. They can also sleep for twenty hours a day. New Zealand is home of the tuatara. This lizard like creature lays eggs in burrows that it shares with seabirds. Tuataras have lived in New Zealand for over 200 million years. There are not many left now and so they are protected.
THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF N.Z.
N.Z. is a rich agricultural country. It has a relatively high standard of living.
N.Z. is primarily a grazing country and specializes in livestock breeding (cattle and sheep). Grass is ''the green gold'' of N.Z. and grazzing is possible all the year round. Highly efficient grassland farming has enabled New Zealand to become the world biggest exporter of meat (lamb, mutton, beef) and dairy products (butter, cheese, milk powders) and the second largest exportet of wool.
The area was originally inhabited by Kung and Hottentots. At 16th-17th century century they were attracted by the Bantu people from the north and the whites from the south. The British power started at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1836 some 10,000 Dutch, wishing to escape from British rule, set out north and foundad the republic of Transvaal and the Orange Free State.
The discovery of diamonds and gold attracted prospectors, who came into conflict with the Dutch farmers (Boers). After several attempts by the British to occupy these territories the open ''Boer War''(1899-1902) was won by Britain.
The predominant power of the whites led to open apartheid in 1948. In the 1950's the African National Congress (ANC) led a campaign of civil disobedience. The ANC leader Nelson Handela was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964. He became a central symbol of black opposition to the apartheia regime, remaining in prison until 1990. In 1991 President F.W. de Klerk announced the intended repeal of all remaining apartheid laws. This led to the 1994 election victory of the ANC. Nelson Mandela became the President of the country.
Australia was discovered by Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch navigators. An early name for Australia was New Holland. Captain James Cook explored the eastern coast in 1970, but actual colonization started in 1788, when a fleet of ships brought the first settlers and convicts from England. The first colony was called New South Wales. It was a penal colony at first and many of the first permanent settlers were ex-convicts. The discovery of gold in the middle of the 19th century attracted many immigrants.
In 1901 a new British Dominion known as the Commonwealth of Australia was formed. It consists of 6 states (New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, Western Australia, Tasmania – an island) and 2 territories (Australian Capital Territory, the Northern Territory).
Australia us a continent lying in the southern hemisphere between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Its vast areas are completely uninhabited. The population is concentrated on the coast, especially in the south-east. Australia is the flattest of the continents – western part – a flat plateau, only in the east the Australian Alps with Mount Kosciusto (2,238m). The largest river is the Murray. Most Australian rivers are small creeks which dry up when there is not enough rain.
The northern part of Australia lies in the tropical climate zone, the rest – the sub-tropical or temperate zone. 1/3(one third) of Australia – desert or semi- desert.
The principal mineral resources are: iron ore, coal, lead, zinc, copper. All resources have not been surveyed yet. The main source of timber is the eucalyptus tree.
Population in 1991 was 17 million inhabitants. They are nearly all of British descent. The Aborigines – original dark-skinned race. They originally lived as hunters and food gatherers (but some of their tods are ingenious e.g. the boomerang). The most populated is the South-eastern belt (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbone) and the south-western tip(Parth).
The federal capital is Canberra.
Australia has reached a high degree of development, especially in agriculture. Sheep-raising is the most important branch of Australian economy. Australia is the greatest producer of wool in the world. Other branches – cattle raising, crop prodution (wheat,barley).
The commonwealth of Australia is a federation of six states. There is a federal Government and each state has its own Government and Constitutions.
The executive power: formally vested in the Governor General, who represents the Crown. But the actual head of the executive is the Australian Prime Minister.
It is also the home to kangaroos and koalas. Tropical paradises as well as dry and very hot areas or hosting the Olympic Games 2000 are another remarkable facts about this country. Australia is one of the most beautiful places in the world.
Australia has a population of around 18.5 million people and is part of the British Commonwealth. It is the driest continent in the world – thirty percent of the area gets less than 250mm of rain each year.
Australia consists of seven parts. The whole western part is called Western Australia. In the middle are Northern Territory and South Australia. The Eastern part is divided into Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. The last part of the country is Tasmania, which is an island located of the east coast.
The hottest temperature recorded in Australia was in Queensland and lowest was in New South Wales.
Australian coutryside can be divided into two main areas. One is the inner kand that is very dry and sandy. Almost no vegetation grows here and very few peoplelive in this area. Hard leaked evergreen plants like eucalyptus or palm trees. Rain forests cover about 9% of the continent.
Australian history goes hand in hand with its original inhabitants who are called aborigines. Discoveries of aboriginal art indicate that they may have inhabited Australia for more than 176,000 years, and they had arrived by watercraft. The Sydney region, which local aborigines call Warrane, has been inhabited for at least 50,000 years.
The west and north coasts of Australia were visited quite frequently by Europeans in the 17th ccentury, but the east coast was first seen in 1770, when well-known Captain James Cook came here, claimed the whole east coast for King George III and called it New South Wales.
Australia has a lot of unique wildlife. We can find there animals such as emus, cockatoos.
Canberra is the capital of Australia with a population 307,700 people. The federal government is run from Canberra. The city was founded in 1928. The name of the city is an Aboriginal word meaning ''Meeting Place''.
Sydney has a population of around 3,9 million people, is the capital city of New South Wales and the oldest city in Australia. In 1850, its first university was built. The shores of Sydney Harbour are 240km long. The most famous building in Sydney is the Opera House, whih was built in 1973 and cost 100 million dollars. The oldest part of the city is called The Rocks. In Sydney were Olympic Games in 2000.
Melbourne, the capital city of Victoria, has a population over 3,2 million. It is Australia second largest city and the only city in the country in which trams are still used. It has one of the largest Greek populations in the world and a large Italian community.
Brisbane has a population of over 1,5million people and is the capital of Queensland. It has a sub-tropical climate wuth average temperatures between 15 and 25 degrees Celsius.
Perth is the capital city of Western Australia.
Adelaide was named after queen Adelalde who was the wife of King William IV. It is the capital of South Australia, which is the driest of all Australian states and territories. It is now Australian's fifth largest city just after Perth. Adelaide is known for its botanical garden which is the biggest in southern hemisphere.
Hobart is the capital of Tasmania, which is the smallest of all seven states. It is the second oldest of all Australian capitals and was established in 1803.
Darwin is the capital of Northern Territory. Darwin is the smallest of all the capital cities. During World War II, woman, children and older man were evacuated from Darwin bacause the first Japanese attack on Australia was the bombing of Darwin Harbour.
There are many interesting opportunities for spending free time in most Australian cities, especially if you are by the ocean. A large number of beaches located mainly in New South Wales and Queensland are very exotic. Almost everyone in Australia goes to these beaches for surfing, swimming, skateboarding, jogging or just to lie on the beach amd to have fun with their friends and families.
In Australia is a typical cooking such as outdoor grill, called barbecue.
Uluru is listed as a World Heritagy Site and is a approximately 470kilometres from Alice Springs in Australia's 'red heart' centre. It is the second largest monolith in the world. The area has many springs, waterholes, rock caves and ancient painrings.
Australia's waters are home to more than 4000 species of fish including 166 species of shark.
Situated off the east coast of Australia is one of the wonders of the natural world. It is the world's largest coral reef ecosystem and was declared a World Heritage Area in 1981. It abounds in wildlife, including green turtles, varieties of dolphins and whales, more than 1500 fish species, 4000 types of mollusk and more than 200 species of birds.
The British Empire searched for goods to trade, like silk or precious metals in India and the Far East, ansd lands to settle, in America and Australia.


text:
Home News Crime "My penis is dead," says pensioner sentenced to life in prison for...
"My penis is dead," says pensioner sentenced to life in prison for raping girl, 10, twice
Almost a month after he was convicted by a jury for raping a 10-year-old girl, a pensioner, this afternoon, told the court that there is no way he could have committed the act.
The rapist, Abdool Jamil, 67, of the West Coast of Demerara told Justice Priya Sewnarine-Beharry that his penis does not function the way it should as he does not get erections. "My penis is dead," Jamil told the court while shaking his head.
He was at the time handcuffed in the prisoner's dock.
Jamil was found guilty a month ago but appeared in court today for sentencing.
On May 30, 2014 and June 2, 2014 respectively, Jamil engaged in sexual penetration with a child under the age of 16. On the first count, the jury returned a unanimous guilty verdict.
As it relates to the second count, the verdict was guilty in the proportion 10-2.
Pointing out that Jamil expressed no remorse for his actions and the serious nature and prevalence of the offence, Justice Beharry imposed the life sentence for each count.
The sentences are to run concurrently and he does not become eligible for parole until after serving 45 years behind bars on each count.
According to information, on May 30, 2014, the young girl was left home alone. She then went to the residence of a relative. It was there that Jamil came and took the little girl to his home on the West Coast of Demerara.
During the night, while the young girl was sleeping he sneaked into the room and had sexual intercourse with her.
He had sex with the minor again on June 2, 2014, after which the child ran away and told a relative of what had transpired.
The young girl who is now 14, through a victim impact statement, expressed that she feels really bad and upset about what happened to her.
The statement, which was read aloud by Counsellor and Court Support Officer Celeste Mullin, detailed how the teen gets constant flashbacks of the incident.
The young girl stated that she trusted Jamil because he was a very nice person to her. Nevertheless, she said she wants to see him in jail.
Prosecutors Lisa Cave and Orinthia Schmidt appeared for the State, while Attorney-at-Law Clyde Forde represented Jamil. This case was heard at the High Court in Georgetown.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The new Indian Scout has proven itself a worthy adversary to the HD Sportster in Hooligan racing circles. It's high reving water cooled vtwin is a fun and usable motor with a peaky torque curve that's more like a 450 motocross bike than a loppey vtwin. While still a heavy bike in race trim at 480lbs. it's deceptively good and responsive in the dirt. After a road trip to Sturgis, city riding, racing in TT races, Hill climbs, short tracks and half miles we still had to ask ourselves what was next for the Scout racers. Our friend Troy Hoff who's been racing one of our Indians answered the question for us on a Sunny California afternoon.
Roland: Are you ok? I ask you this every time I see you, it's what people used to always ask me when I was racing.
Troy Hoff: Lol seems that I'm never 100% these days.
Roland: Have you raced professionally or at an amateur level?
Troy Hoff: Not since this past year. I have always been a stunt rider and came from a back ground of dirt jumping BMX. Its always been about more slow and controlled riding for me but I'm really enjoying the learning process of trying to get the most out of these peppy Indian Scouts. It truly is a blast to rip on one of these machines.
Roland: What's your profession? 9-5?
Roland: What's it take to do what you do on a motorcycle?
Troy Hoff: True love for the sport and learning how to crash lol. Yes you can learn how to crash!
Roland: Is gravity your friend?
Troy Hoff: Yes and so Is weight. That's why I love throwing around these big bikes.
Roland: What do you make of the Vtwin stunt scene vs. the Sport bike stunt scene?
Troy Hoff: It's A different generation of young rippers. Its fun to watch the progression of the style of all the different riders. I was truly burned out on the sport bike scene and it was not fun to me anymore. Building my Dyna and trying to push my same style of riding on the 500lb bike has def brought back the love for me. Its a learning experience which also add to the enjoyment for me.
Roland: How'd you get into Stunting?
Troy Hoff: I grew up down the street from Jason Britton. He would always bust out for me when riding by and I just knew that I would be that guy one day.
Roland: What's your opinion of the Scout?
Troy Hoff: Hands down one of the most fun bikes I have ever got to rip on. So much power but great handling in a tight area. She is a ripper.
Roland: What's it like hucking an 500 lb motorcycle?
Troy Hoff: Kinda like when you get on the airplane and the cocktail lady tells you to fasten your seat belt.
Troy Hoff: I flipped A high chair scrape in the beginning of this year Feb. 28th. Broke L1 _L5 transverse process in me back and bulged two vertebrae.
Troy Hoff: The whole 22 freeway on my Honda 929RR back in the day.
Roland: What's the gnarliest thing you've done on a bike?
Troy Hoff: I really don't think I should put this one out there.
Roland: How do you know the RSD crew?
Troy Hoff: I met Roland down at the Costa Mesa speedway while racing my Dyna.
Roland: Stunting, now hooligan racing. How do those two skill sets align for you?
Troy Hoff: Its great. Gives you more feel for both styles and helps me send it harder.
Troy Hoff: Wheelies all day ..
Roland: What's next, scooter hooligans, ADV stunting, Back flipping sport bikes?
Troy Hoff: Lets back flip a scout … I'd def be ready to send it into a foam pit and see if could get it to a dirt landing..


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Azure.Graph.Rbac.Models
{
    /// <summary> Request parameters for creating a new work or school account user. </summary>
    public partial class UserCreateParameters : UserBase
    {
        /// <summary> Initializes a new instance of UserCreateParameters. </summary>
        /// <param name="accountEnabled"> Whether the account is enabled. </param>
        /// <param name="displayName"> The display name of the user. </param>
        /// <param name="passwordProfile"> Password Profile. </param>
        /// <param name="userPrincipalName"> The user principal name (someuser@contoso.com). It must contain one of the verified domains for the tenant. </param>
        /// <param name="mailNickname"> The mail alias for the user. </param>
        public UserCreateParameters(bool accountEnabled, string displayName, PasswordProfile passwordProfile, string userPrincipalName, string mailNickname)
        {
            if (displayName == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(displayName));
            }
            if (passwordProfile == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(passwordProfile));
            }
            if (userPrincipalName == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userPrincipalName));
            }
            if (mailNickname == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(mailNickname));
            }

            AccountEnabled = accountEnabled;
            DisplayName = displayName;
            PasswordProfile = passwordProfile;
            UserPrincipalName = userPrincipalName;
            MailNickname = mailNickname;
        }

        /// <summary> Initializes a new instance of UserCreateParameters. </summary>
        /// <param name="immutableId"> This must be specified if you are using a federated domain for the user's userPrincipalName (UPN) property when creating a new user account. It is used to associate an on-premises Active Directory user account with their Azure AD user object. </param>
        /// <param name="usageLocation"> A two letter country code (ISO standard 3166). Required for users that will be assigned licenses due to legal requirement to check for availability of services in countries. Examples include: "US", "JP", and "GB". </param>
        /// <param name="givenName"> The given name for the user. </param>
        /// <param name="surname"> The user's surname (family name or last name). </param>
        /// <param name="userType"> A string value that can be used to classify user types in your directory, such as 'Member' and 'Guest'. </param>
        /// <param name="additionalProperties"> . </param>
        /// <param name="accountEnabled"> Whether the account is enabled. </param>
        /// <param name="displayName"> The display name of the user. </param>
        /// <param name="passwordProfile"> Password Profile. </param>
        /// <param name="userPrincipalName"> The user principal name (someuser@contoso.com). It must contain one of the verified domains for the tenant. </param>
        /// <param name="mailNickname"> The mail alias for the user. </param>
        /// <param name="mail"> The primary email address of the user. </param>
        internal UserCreateParameters(string immutableId, string usageLocation, string givenName, string surname, UserType? userType, IDictionary<string, object> additionalProperties, bool accountEnabled, string displayName, PasswordProfile passwordProfile, string userPrincipalName, string mailNickname, string mail) : base(immutableId, usageLocation, givenName, surname, userType, additionalProperties)
        {
            AccountEnabled = accountEnabled;
            DisplayName = displayName;
            PasswordProfile = passwordProfile;
            UserPrincipalName = userPrincipalName;
            MailNickname = mailNickname;
            Mail = mail;
        }

        /// <summary> Whether the account is enabled. </summary>
        public bool AccountEnabled { get; }
        /// <summary> The display name of the user. </summary>
        public string DisplayName { get; }
        /// <summary> Password Profile. </summary>
        public PasswordProfile PasswordProfile { get; }
        /// <summary> The user principal name (someuser@contoso.com). It must contain one of the verified domains for the tenant. </summary>
        public string UserPrincipalName { get; }
        /// <summary> The mail alias for the user. </summary>
        public string MailNickname { get; }
        /// <summary> The primary email address of the user. </summary>
        public string Mail { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
LVMH puts Stéphane Bianchi at the helm of watch business
The executive joins the French luxury group after being chief executive officer at natural cosmetics company Yves Rocher. In parallel, LVMH has named Fréderic Arnault as strategy and digital director of Tag Heuer.
Sep 21, 2018 — 6:45pm
k LVMH
LVMH reshuffles watchmaking business management. The French luxury group has appointed Stéphane Bianchi, former chief executive officer at Yves Rocher, as new head of its watch division effective November. He replaced Jean-Claude Biver, who left his operational duties earlier this week.
As part of the management changes, LVMH has also named Frédéric Arnault as strategy and digital director of Tag Heuer. He joined the brand in September 2017 as head of connected technologies. Bianchi will lead the Tag Heuer business, with the chief executive officers of Hublot and Zenith reporting to him.
LVMH ended fiscal 2017 with an operational profit of 8.29 billion euros, up 18%. The company's turnover reached 42.63 billion euros, 13% more than in the previous year. The company, spearheaded by Bernard Arnault, doubled its debt during the period with a net debt of 7.18 billion euros.
Kering versus LVMH: It bags and influencers VS heritage and size
Fancy a breakfast at Louis Vuitton?
Bernard Arnault: the best guardian of luxury brands, according to Brand Finance
Dior, all in in Tokyo: three new stores in less than four months
LVMH appoints new environmental development director


In the foundation courses, the Film Academy's range of programmes and academic conditions are presented. This includes an introduction to the technology available, the organisation of projects, and basic communication strategies and fundamental content.
Filmgestaltung 1 is part of basic studies.
"Foundation" means both "basic" and "ground". Because we were initially viewers before we started making films, a "foundation" of our film making was to analyse our role as spectators: how do we understand a film? Does comprehensibility lead to banality? Which creative means should we use to make ourselves understood? In the first four weeks of the 8-9 week module (in the 1st year of the foundation course), we will discuss students' work and historical examples in detail. The seminars will be supplemented by practical activities involving various film techniques and types of film music.
These reflections lead to the preparation (script, storyboard, costing, technology) and practical realisation of animated, scenic, or documentary film projects. In other words, two or three students work together for a quarter. Through this, experimental and narrative pieces are produced, all of which belong in the wide genre of artistic short films, and are often shown at renowned festivals.
Experienced directors teach the basics of directing. In the first year (Directing 1), the focus is on directing actors. Students should discover as accurately and intensively as possible, what "directing" means. As a basis for later independent artistic work, fundamentals such as acting work, a feeling for rhythm, and basic knowledge of using cinematic tools are taught.
At the start of the seminar, the tutor will specify a selection of scenes. The students must select a scene and interpret/edit it to write a short film script. During the seminar, the students work in close collaboration with one another, as well as with students taking Image design/camera 1, to create, realise, present, and analyse a short educational film (lasting approx. 5 minutes).
In the first year, the theoretical basics of screenplay writing are taught. Collaboration with producers is supported by participation in general screenplay writing lessons. The acting classes which are part of the Screenplay writing 1 module offers students an insight into the work of an actor, and therefore enables the further development of their writing skills.
The screenplay development started in CP2 is continued in the Summer semester, and is complemented by discussions about camera resolution and production-related implementation. The teaching places particular emphasis on staging techniques and production management. Combined with workshops in which students specialising in image design, film sound, and editing work together, the realisation of the semester films is prepared practically. In scenic direction, short films lasting about 15 minutes are produced. They are shot of S16mm film in June, and the finished films are presented at the end of the Summer semester in late July.
Students specialising in documentary film directing produce a 20-minute short film, which is filmed on S16mm film. The teaching focusses on the basics of research, concept development, and interview techniques. Students specialising in image production, film sound and editing learn about 16mm technology, and gain experience of teamwork. The development of the concepts is monitored through plenary discussions and individual conversations with the teaching staff. The shoot takes place in December, and the finished short films are presented at the end of the Winter semester, in late February.
The teaching provides insights into all promotional film production processes, from planning to writing, to the presentation requirements for a PPM (pre-production meeting). Staging techniques are tested in a workshop, using predetermined scenes. The development of the concepts is monitored through plenary discussions and individual conversations with the teaching staff. In promotional film directing, classic adverts or branded entertainment formats are transferred to digital material. The shoot takes place in January, and the finished short films are presented at the end of the Winter semester, in late February.
In the second year, different film structures (e.g. the hero's journey, episode structures, plot-oriented or character-oriented narratives) are examined. The psychology of a range of characters is also analysed. Using examples from films, recurring myths are investigated, and archaic basic storylines are identified. Scene development is a focal point. The aim of the module is to create a scenario for a feature-length film.
Editing is taught theoretically and practically. In lessons, this is taught through the presentation of films, scenes and extracts, as well as verbal analysis. The nine-semester course consists of two years of basic study, two years of project-based study, and a diploma semester. In the first year of basic study, knowledge of screenplay writing, directing, camera work, and film making is taught on an inter-disciplinary basis, and an overview of the Avid and Premiere editing systems is also provided.
The teaching in the compulsory elective module Animation 2 provides an insight into alternative film making approaches, and various animation techniques. Each student produces a short animated film using their own artistic skills. Seminars provide basic knowledge and deepen theoretical expertise. Workshops in which set tasks must be completed in a relatively short amount of time count as practical experience, and require teamwork.
All animation and interactive media students take the compulsory module Animation 2, either in the Winter or Summer semester of the 2nd year of study. Animation 2 is available for all 2nd year film + media students.
The basics of the specialist areas are taught in workshops. In Animation 2, academic performance is based on participation in 3rd and 4th year projects, as well as third-party projects, active participation in lessons, involvement in workshops and seminars, and the presentation of work produced during the semester.
The grade for the semester is based on the content and organisation of semester presentations, cooperation during the semester, presence in lessons, and performance in workshops.


A great design. The seat is smooth leather and the frame is welded steel. But it is the seat back that is very distinctive. It's made of woven leather that presents a handmade feel, and the woven texture is a welcomed break from a rigid angular look.
W: 16.5" D: 18.5" H: 39"


The Teaching Council arranged a series of 11 Cosán Development Process Workshops between November 2017 and February 2018.
These workshops gave an opportunity for those who had completed the Cosán Survey on the Teaching Council website, to discuss and plan their involvement in the Cosán Development Process with each other and with Teaching Council staff.
The workshops took place at the locations and dates below and over 200 people registered to attend. A shared learning day also took place in May 2018, where all who registered to attend the workshops came together to further explore their engagement with Cosán Development Process. Further information on this shared learning day is available here.


text:
package org.get.oxicam.clinicalguide.db;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import org.get.oxicam.clinicalguide.xml.data.PatientAttribute;

/**
 * Responsible for validating the username and password during registration.
 *
 * @author Andrew Kim
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class Validator {

	public static final int MIN_USERNAME_LENG = 3;
	public static final int MIN_PW_LENG = 3;

	public Validator() {

	}

	/**
	 * Validate the given user name.
	 *
	 * @param username - The user name to validate.
	 * @throws Exception
	 * 			Exception if the username length is < MIN_USERNAME_LENG
	 * 			Exception if the username does not meet the combination requirement.
	 */
	public void validateUsername(String username) throws Exception {
		if(username.length() < MIN_USERNAME_LENG) {
			throw new Exception("User name must be at least " + MIN_USERNAME_LENG + " characters long.");
		} else if(!checkUsernameComb(username)) {
			throw new Exception("User name must only consist of alphabets and numbers.");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Validate the given password.
	 *
	 * @param password - The password chosen by the user.
	 * @param confirmPassword - The password confirmed by the user.
	 * @throws Exception
	 * 			Exception if the password != confirmPassword.
	 * 			Exception if the password length is < MIN_PW_LENG.
	 * 			Exception if the password does not meet the combination requirement.
	 */
	public void validatePassword(String password, String confirmPassword) throws Exception {
		if(password.length() < MIN_PW_LENG) {
			throw new Exception("Password must be at least " + MIN_PW_LENG + " characters long.");
		} else if(!checkPWComb(password)) {
			throw new Exception("Password must only consist of alphabets and numbers.");
		} else if (!password.equals(confirmPassword)) {
			throw new Exception("Passwords do not match.");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Check the username for character combination.
	 *
	 * @param username - The username to check for combination.
	 * @return False if it does not meet the requirement; true otherwise.
	 */
	private boolean checkUsernameComb(String username) {
		for(int i = 0; i < username.length(); ++i) {
			char c = username.charAt(i);
			if(!Character.isLetterOrDigit(c)) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Check the password for character combination.
	 *
	 * @param password - The password to check for combination.
	 * @return False if it does not meet the requirement; true otherwise.
	 */
	private boolean checkPWComb(String password) {
		for(int i = 0; i < password.length(); ++i) {
			char c = password.charAt(i);
			if(!Character.isLetterOrDigit(c)) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Validate the patient attributes.
	 *
	 * @param attributes - The array list of attributes to validate.
	 * @throws Exception
	 * 			Exception if the first name is blank.
	 * 			Exception if the last name is blank.
	 * 			Exception if the date exceeds today's date.
	 */
	public void checkPatientAttriutes(ArrayList<PatientAttribute> attributes) throws Exception {
		if(attributes.get(0).answer.equals("")) {
			throw new Exception("First name cannot be blank.");
		} if(attributes.get(1).answer.equals("")) {
			throw new Exception("Last name cannot be blank.");
		} if(attributes.get(3).answer.equals("")) {
			throw new Exception("The date cannot exceed today's date.");
		}
	}
}


Doing things in a fast and efficient manner is more often than not the best way as it saves a lot of time and resources. Although selling a real estate property quickly is often seen as a hard and daunting task, it is achievable. Very many individuals have found success when it comes to selling their homes or houses fast through the help of professional and skilled realtors. Getting money urgently is just one of the many reasons why many property owners are now looking to sell their properties quickly.
Highlighting the most attractive features of your property is often a good way to increase the number of potential buyers which will in turn help you sell your property faster. Make your property look as appealing as possible to attract the attention of serious potential buyers. The next expert tip when it comes to quickly selling your real estate property is to make sure you list your property on the best sites for maximum exposure.
Another great tip from top players in the real estate sector when it comes to selling your real estate property quickly is to hire an interior designer to redesign your house and make it more appealing. The market value of your real estate property will be increased and this will in turn increase its demand making it sell much faster. You will also need to tidy up your house and storage space for example restroom, cellar, garage, closets, and attic (if your house has one) Ensuring that your real estate property is neat and visually appealing is also another great strategy that has proven to be efficient when it comes to selling a real estate property quickly.
You will also be able to sell your real estate property faster if you list it with high quality and professionally edited photos. High quality photos of your real estate property will enable potential buyers in making their purchasing decisions and this will in turn enable you to sell your house or home faster. Very many potential buyers will also be able to have a look at your real estate listing and this will significantly increase the odds of your property getting bought quickly.


Step Up to Quality assists participating programs and providers in improving quality and increasing positive child outcomes, including nutrition and physical activity outcomes.
Go NAP SACC, the Go Nutrition and Physical Activity Self–Assessment for Child Care, provides free resources to equip programs with the education, skills and tools necessary to achieve their goals and earn points related to health, nutrition and physical activity. Go NAP SACC targets children from birth to 5.
Step Up to Quality programs interested in achieving Step 2 or higher must complete the online Go NAP SACC Orientation Training and Pre Self–Assessment.
Additional Go NAP SACC elements are available for programs at Step 3 and higher. A Go NAP SACC trainer can help providers develop actions plans and reach goals related to health, nutrition and physical activity.
To complete the Go NAP SACC Orientation Training, visit the Go NAP SACC website. Once on the site, enter your login information or create a new account.


A boot for the young adventurer, with a last designed for children with growing feet.
A boot for the young adventurer, designed to withstand almost anything a child can throw at it. Vandra II Jr has a specially designed last to fit children with growing feet. A durable all-round boot that is suitable for hiking and everyday adventures. The junior version of Vandra II has a softer lower part, but with the same durable construction: outer layer of Liba Smart, midlayer in EVA and an inner layer of microfiber closest to the feet. The boot's shaft is made of impregnated split leather, with HFC™ heel grip and a padded collar at the top for extra comfort. The Vibram® outsole's front edge is tilted to provide good traction. A removable wool felt sole facilitates drying and airing. Like all Lundhags boots, Vandra II Jr has a long life. Simply replace the outsole and repair the boot when necessary. Boot guarantee is included in the purchase.
Vandra II JR has a watertight Certech Exp bottom and a specially designed Vibram® outsole for children. The upper is soft, durable and water resistant split leather with a padded collar and our HFC (Heel Fit Control) that keeps the heel in place.


A popular method of e-commerce that allows business owners to meet customer needs without housing expensive inventory, drop shipping is growing in popularity. By developing a relationship with a wholesale supplier, a business can offer customers material and products for sale, process the transaction through their own system, and have the order fulfilled through a third party. The wholesale supplier ships the items to the customer – most of the time without the customer even realizing it came from an outside source. Drop shipping is economical, convenient and increasingly common. This easy way to offer extensive products gives business owners a way to diversify their offering without being limited by capital.
Drop shipping has multiple benefits for the company that is trying to avoid large outlays of money for inventory and warehousing. With the drop shipping model, companies do not purchase inventory until the customer has paid for the item. This prevents the company from having to spend capital for products that take up warehouse spacing. A drop shipping model can be run from anywhere there is an internet connection. The company simply needs to be able to communicate with the customer and the supplier. In addition, the company can offer more products because the bulk of the work involved is on the supplier – not the company.
There are drawbacks to the drop shipping model that need to be considered. A relatively low margin is common, and many online retailers offer rock bottom prices in an effort to gain business. Competing with these companies can be difficult. Managing inventory supplies can be complicated if the inventory is in your own warehouse. Without the oversight of having the products in stock, the company is at the mercy of the supplier and is subject to availability and sourcing. Accounting for errors at the supplier end of the equation is another disadvantage to the drop shipping model that must be considered. Even with the potential drawbacks, the benefits are still greater.


Between 2011 and 2013, authorities in Chile seized 362,752 pirated books from stores across the country. The pirated books were valued at $1.5 Million. In 2013, a total of 6,559 pirated books valued at $106,000 were seized in Chile. The rate of seizures has increased in 2014, with 13,181 pirated books being seized in the first three months of the year, or more than doubled the total amount for 2013. Most of the pirated books seized in Chile are children's books and literature books. However, police have seen an increase in pirated textbooks in 2014. For example, the textbook Atlas of Human Anatomy is the main book used for health programs in universities in Chile. Officials have seized 34 pirated copies in the first 3 months of 2014. The pirated textbook costs $35, while an original copy of the textbook cots $200. According to security officials, pirated book smugglers from Peru have strapped copies to their bodies and have smuggled it into the country by copying the tactics of drug traffickers.


There is a trend in intellectual circles to think that media which serves to entertain is bad. And by "bad" I mean, not well done, successful or worth watching, seeing and producing.
This past Tony Awards season was ridiculed because all four nominees for Best Musical were based on pre-existing media. Three of the four were also criticized for being "children or teen media." "Spongebob Squarepants the Musical," "Mean Girls the Musical" and "Frozen the Musical" lead to critics and patrons alike shouting about the end of Broadway and the overall decline of theater.
The Marvel Cinematic Universe, though incredibly successful at the box office, is scorned by film critics for being purely about audience entertainment. For as long as it's been around, pop music has been brushed off as bubblegum entertainment for children.
None of these statements are necessarily untrue. These shows, movies and music are made to entertain. However, claiming that this means they are not worth making or watching, or saying that they are lesser than other media is small-minded and incorrect. Additionally, the idea that the source material prevents something from being impactful is wrong.
I saw "Anastasia the Musical" on Broadway in May. The movie from the '90s was a huge part of my childhood and I was overcome with emotion during the show. After the show, I met the lead actress at the stage door. We talked about the message, what it meant to the both of us, and how reliving things important to you in your childhood can be incredibly impactful. By the time the conversation was over we were both in tears. I may be an overly-emotional person, but I am also not the only person who has been moved by things some might consider unworthy source material.
If the goal of a piece of media is to entertain its audience, and it is well paced, escapist, fun and exciting, then it is successful. If the goal of a piece of media is to make money by being entertaining and it does so, then it is also successful. This, I think, is an easy argument to understand and agree with.
The idea that creating a piece of media purely for entertainment and enjoyment is OK is harder for some to swallow. Not every movie needs to be an Oscar-worthy drama. Not every play or musical needs to cause the entire audience to walk out of the theater a new person. Not every song needs to reinvent music and lyrics itself.
Escapism is something humans crave. As the world gets larger, scarier and crazier, more and more people need a break from it to recharge. Yes, media can change the world, but it can also allow people a respite from the world.
I personally saw "Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again" in theaters five times and, when telling my theater history class this fact, was met with shock, indignation and a little bit of mockery. "That movie is horrible," one of my classmates said. And yes, if your barometer for a good movie is "Schindler's List," then "Mamma Mia 2" might score close to "horrible." But not every movie needs to be "Schindler's List." As a movie meant to make people happy and allow them to see a bunch of older famous actors having the time of their lives singing '80s pop on an island in Greece, "Mamma Mia 2" does pretty well.
There is this long-standing idea that light things that make people happy can't be moving. Even if that's true, it implies that only moving pieces of media hold value. I will be the first to tell you how much I love deep, moving media that can change the world, and I will always stand behind it, but that doesn't mean that fun media is less important.
All media is real media, no matter the source material or how entertainment-based it is. A world in which there is no place for lighthearted, well-made enjoyment is a sad world indeed.
Paulina Martz is junior studying theater, psychology and marketing. Her proudest moment was when her friend slapped her in the face in the middle of "Mean Girls the Musical" and proceeded to tell the lead actress about it when they met her at the stage door, to her abject horror, surprise and amusement.


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How Does A Swimming Pool Installed In Your Home Benefit You?
Having a pool constructed in your home is extensively beneficial and the benefits are worthwhile. There is therefore need for you to establish the availability of a custom pool builder who will make this a possibility for you. These are the pool builders who will ensure to give your home a sophisticated and new look. As noted above, there are manifold benefits of having a pool installed at home and jotted below are the benefits.
To begin with, you will have a golden chance to have your tastes and preferences met as the pool will be customized. There are multiple designs and options available and you are able to choose one that suits you best. You are the one determining the ideal shape, size and even the ideal height of the pool to be installed and all these will help add a personal touch to your entire home.
The moment you hire the company dealing with custom swimming pool construction services, you will be availing a reliable exercising option for your family. The swimming pool installed will help meet your leisure needs and still enable you stay fit. Therefore, you will manage to have your swimming pool meeting your leisure activity needs and at the same time enhancing your athletic activity. Therefore, where you hire a custom swimming pool builder to install a swimming pool in your home, you will be like installing a gym facility in your home. Therefore, exercising will be enhanced and this tends to enhance your health. In fact, your family members and you as well will always have an exercising avenue whenever you feel like as long as you are at home.
Through installing a swimming pool, you will manage to enhance the value of your home and this is quite benefiting. The benefits of a skyrocketed value are manifold. Therefore, where you anticipate selling that house in the near future, you are assured of garnering a good amount of money.
Kids are a source of inspiration at home and installing a pool gives your children an outdoor hangout place. Rather than having your children indoor playing video games, they will have ample time to exercise and stay fit while swimming. At the same time, they will always find it quite alluring to spend some time on the pool with other kids and friends. Where you don't have a pool installed, you should be prepared for setting aside dates where you will take your kids out to play. However, where you have a swimming pool installed in your home, your children will always swim whenever they want and this tends to save your schedule.


Most places use passwords as the main method for authenticating yourself. Make sure your password has at least 12 characters, isn't easily guessable, and use different passwords on every site. You can write those passwords down on a sheet of paper and store it in a safe, or save them in a password vault, but don't use a post-it note in a public place or an Excel sheet on your desktop.
2. Use two-factor authentication whenever possible.
Two-factor authentication simply means that you use 2 different ways to authenticate yourself, usually your password and a PIN code. Many sites now offer this option and it's well worth using, since it means no one will be able to impersonate you even if they guess or steal your password. All you need to do is install the Google Authenticator on your mobile phone and use it on any web site that offers it. They usually offer recovery codes for in case you lose your phone.
3. Be wary of SMS as two-factor.
One method many sites offer is to send you a PIN over SMS as a second factor. If that's the only method they offer, it's better than nothing. But if you can use an authenticator app instead, that is much more secure. Mobile operators are notoriously insecure and could give out your number to anyone with only basic information about you, which means they could receive that PIN to their phone. For services that offer both, such as Gmail, you may need to go in and manually deactivate the SMS option so that it requires the app. Just make sure you save your recovery codes in a secure location.
4. Safeguard your email account as much as your bank account.
Most services offer email based account recovery. This means that anyone who controls your email account could reset your password on a multitude of other sites, including perhaps, your bank account. Consider using one email account for public communications, and one secret email account just for signing into important sites.
5. Don't click links in emails.
This should be an obvious one by now, but even if the email looks like it's from a service you use, never click links in emails. If the email says you should go log into your bank account, then open your bank's website yourself and login from there, as opposed to clicking the link. Similarly, if someone calls you and says they are from your bank and starts asking details, hang up and call your bank's number yourself. It's the same principle, going to a known good location rather than taking someone else's word that they are who they say they are.
6. Do your software updates.
Software updates can be a pain, especially on desktops, but they include important security patches. Most viruses rely on outdated software to find a way in, and once you're infected, it's very hard to get rid of. Sometimes you don't even need to do anything at all to get infected, like clicking links or running software, if your system is out of date. Basic OS features like file sharing can have bugs which allow viruses in if left unpatched.
7. Pay attention to popups during software installation.
These days most software packages are signed. This is especially true on Windows, where double-clicking an installer will show you a popup with information about who created this software. Pay attention to the digital signature. If you downloaded a well known package and it says there is no digital signature, or it's been created by some unknown person, this should raise a red flag. A Microsoft package should say it's been signed by Microsoft, Adobe Photoshop by Adobe, etc. On mobile, you trust Apple or Google to approve software for you, so be careful if you install apps from somewhere other than the App Store or Google Play Store.
Should the worse happen, make sure you backup your files in at least 2 separate locations, one offline and one remote. This can be as simple as copying your important files to a second hard disk and a USB key, then sending the key to a friend, but consider using professional backup software so it's done automatically and you don't forget. Also, remember to routinely test your backups, since if you can't restore your files, your backup is worthless.
9. Know the privacy settings and policies of the services you use.
Whether you post something on social media, use a cloud service, or a simple web mail service, you need to know who has access to your data and what they will do with it. Be aware that social networking sites make their money by scanning and sharing your information, that cloud services have employees that have some types of access to your files, and email is literally the digital equivalent of a postcard. If you have sensitive information that you want to store online, place it in an encrypted container first, such as an AES encrypted 7-Zip file. That way regardless of who gains access to your data, unless they can break your encryption key they will not be able to see your stuff.
Treading lightly and being aware of what you do is key to being secure online, but that's doubly true when traveling. Custom officers can and do ask people to let them access your tech devices. They will look through your messages, cloud services, social media, and anything else that happens to be installed on your phone or laptop. Consider cleaning up your devices before traveling, disable the fingerprint scanner so only the PIN will unlock your phone, and if you have very sensitive information, keep it off any device you travel with.


The intriguing beauty of Big Sur has given birth to many stories, drawings, and paintings. A rich tradition to this oeuvre was recently introduced in the book In Search of the Dark Watchers (2014) by artist Benjamin Brode and author Thomas Steinbeck. It's divinely simple narrative of field notes, sketches and paintings capture the landscape and lore of this pristine portion of California's unique and stunning coastline.
Explorers with keen eyes and big hearts themselves, both Brode and Steinbeck peer into many meadows and caves to discover the mystical wonders of a great forest.
The field sketches by Brode add both life and relationship to his landscape paintings that offer a glimpse of this special space in the heart of the Los padres National Forest. In all there are 15 sketches and 25 oil paintings along with a thoughtful and brief narrative annotating the journey of explorations and memory, like the musings of an old friend.
This may be the trippiest – and most beautiful – coffee-table book on the market this winter. It's the combination of Steinbeck's words (yes, he's related to that Steinbeck) and the sketches and oil paintings of 77-year-old Santa Barbara artist Ben Brode. The subject is Big Sur, which launched many a tall tale (see Kerouac and Henry Miller). Specifically, it's about the legend of the "Dark Watchers," said to be diminutive hominids who haunt the landscape. The only thing haunting are Brode's gorgeous paintings.
They live in the misty hillsides of Big Sur. The early Spanish explorers and Mexican ranchers and their vaqueros who followed, called them "Los Vigilantes Oscuros." The Dark Watchers, as they came to be known, are migratory beings, possessed of incredible hearing and impeccable eyesight. Like crows they can sense the presence of gun oil and the smell of plastics and weatherproof coatings, therefore they are immune to high-tech detection and only reveal themselves to trekkers simply equipped with sticks and hats. Who or what the Watchers are, no one knows. Where they came from and where they go is a mystery. They leave without a footprint.
Discover their meaning in an exquisite new book that is part adventure, part history, party legend, filled with illuminating sketches and lavish oil paintings that are flush with mystery, shadow, and light. In the process you may learn more than you ever expected about the legendary Dark Watchers as well as the origins of landscape painting itself.
Ben Brode was hiking on a breezy day at Big Sur, a quiet, forested fantasy land on the Central California coast.
"It sounded like two women having a conversation. I looked all over the place, but there was no one there," the 77-year-old artist told the News-Press in his Santa Barbara home studio full of his Big Sur oil paintings. "I decided it may have been the wind, tree trunks rubbing together. But I swore there were human voices."
They might have been the mysterious little people who, according to an ancient legend, live only at Big Sur: the Dark Watchers. They're California's counterpart to Leprechauns.
The legend inspired Mr. Brode, who heard about the Dark Watchers from his friend, Montecito author Thomas Steinbeck. The two — the soft-spoken Mr. Brode and the enthusiastic Mr. Steinbeck — went on to collaborate on "In Search of The Dark Watchers: Landscapes and Lore of Big Sur" (Steinbeck Press, $40), which was released in September. Mr. Steinbeck wrote the book. Mr. Brode illustrated it with his paintings, as well as color sketches that he did while hiking in the area.
Look for an article by Mitchell Kriegman on In Search of the Dark Watchers in the Santa Barbara Independent on Thursday November 13th!


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Go West, T'Pau, Nik Kershaw
· 1 Review
Indigo at The O2, Greenwich
'80s classics in the O2
It's a real '80s extravaganza at the Indigo At The O2 with Go West, T'Pau and Nik Kershaw. Expect classics from Go West including We Close Our Eyes, Call Me and The King of Wishful Thinking and for T'Pau to deliver in a similar fashion with China In Your Hand, Heart & Soul before Nik Kershaw concludes with blockbusters such as Wouldn't It Be Good, I Won't Let The Sun Go Down On Me, The Riddle and Dancing Girls. If you shut your eyes, it'll almost be like your actually in the '80s again. Over 16s only. Valid ID required.
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Mitchell Statement on Syria
Washington, D.C. – Rep. Paul Mitchell (MI-10) released the following statement on Syria:
"Bashar al-Assad's use of chemical weapons on innocent civilians was morally reprehensible. I support President Trump's decision to take action to protect innocent lives and demonstrate that the United States stands firmly against these atrocities."
Mitchell Statement on Michigan House Grant Proposal to Repair Fraser Sinkhole
Shelby Township, MI – Rep. Paul Mitchell (MI-10) released the following statement after the Michigan Senate rejected the proposed House grant to repair the sinkhole in Fraser:
10th District Congressional Art Competition
Shelby Township, MI. – Congressman Mitchell invites students from schools across Michigan's 10th District to participate in the 2017 Congressional Art Competition, sponsored by the U.S. House of Representatives.
Mitchell Cosponsored Legislation Signed by President Trump
WASHINGTON, D.C. – Rep. Virginia Foxx (R-NC), chairwoman of the House Committee on Education and the Workforce, and Rep. Paul Mitchell (R-MI) released the following statements after President Trump signed H. J. Res 37 into law.
Mitchell Statement on American Health Care Act Vote
Washington, D.C. – Today, Representative Paul Mitchell (MI-10) issued the following statement on efforts to restore health care in America:
Mitchell Statement on American Health Care Act Vote Today
Washington, D.C. – Today, Representative Paul Mitchell (MI-10) issued the following statement on H.R. 1628 The American Health Care Act:
"Like many of my colleagues, I ran for Congress with the promise of fixing our broken health care system. The American Health Care Act is an important step toward restoring health care in America.
Newsletter: March 7, 2017
March 7, 2017 Newsletters
Promises kept during my first 100 days
Mitchell Urges Funding of Great Lakes Restoration Initiative
Washington, D.C. – Today, Representative Paul Mitchell (MI-10) issued the following statement on reports that funding for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) will be cut for FY 2018:
House Passes Mitchell Legislation, H.R. 1009 OIRA Insight, Reform, and Accountability Act
Washington, D.C. – Today, the House of Representatives passed legislation sponsored by Representative Paul Mitchell (MI-10), H.R. 1009 OIRA Insight, Reform, and Accountability Act. H.R.
Mitchell Statement on President Trump's Joint Address
Washington, D.C. – Today, Congressman Paul Mitchell (MI-10) released the following statement after President Trump's address to the Joint Session of Congress:


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Q: How does a network device update its MAC table? When a network device updates its MAC table, what protocol is being called?
I am pretty sure it is ARP, but correct me if I am wrong!
What messages are being sent and from whom, what information is being exchanged, and why?

A: It depends what exactly you mean by "network device". Could it be that you confuse the MAC table (layer 2) with the ARP table (layer 3)?
Usually if you talk about MAC tables you are referring to switches. If a switch doesn't know the destination MAC address (no entry in the MAC table) it will send out a frame on all ports (except the source port) acting like a hub, but this "discovery" is not ARP. In fact it's not a "discovery" at all, the switch does not learn the destination MAC until it receives a frame from that device.
The ARP protocol or subsequently the ARP table is used to resolve an IP address to the corresponding MAC address. For example if my PC's NIC has the IP 192.168.0.100/24 and I want to ping 192.168.0.101/24 the ARP table (not the MAC table) will be used to check the corresponding MAC address.
If the table does not have an entry for this IP the ARP protocol is used to "discover" the corresponding MAC address. For that an ARP request (that includes the target IP address as well as the source MAC and source IP) is send out to the broadcast MAC address (ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff), the switch will send the request to all active ports. If a device connected to the switch recognizes the target IP as it's own IP address it will send back an ARP response with it's MAC address back to the source IP/MAC.
Note1: the frames arriving at the switch from ARP request and response will be used to populate the switch's MAC table.
Note2: Unless we are talking about level 3 switches, those use ARP as well.

A: Yes, you are right that's ARP.

ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol. When you try to ping an IP address on your local network, say 192.168.1.1, your system has to turn the IP address 192.168.1.1 into a MAC address. This involves using ARP to resolve the address, hence its name.
Systems keep an ARP look-up table where they store information about what IP addresses are associated with what MAC addresses. When trying to send a packet to an IP address, the system will first consult this table to see if it already knows the MAC address. If there is a value cached, ARP is not used.
If the IP address is not found in the ARP table, the system will then send a broadcast packet to the network using the ARP protocol to ask "who has 192.168.1.1". Because it is a broadcast packet, it is sent to a special MAC address that causes all machines on the network to receive it. Any machine with the requested IP address will reply with an ARP packet that says "I am 192.168.1.1", and this includes the MAC address which can receive packets for that IP.

Source: https://www.tummy.com/articles/networking-basics-how-arp-works/

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