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Raymond Lei Maumasi
Raymond Lei Maumasi "Uncle Ray" of Taylorsville, Utah age 66 peacefully returned home Sunday October 29, 2017, 5:16pm at the hospital in Murray, Utah surrounded by his loved ones. Raymond was born October 8, 1951 in Apia, Western Samoa to Fuailefauaimaota Mareko Maumasi & Saumaonatoto Tuiletufuga. He was the third oldest of sixteen children. At a young age he was chosen to attend a school in New Zealand where he spent most of his childhood and his young adult life. Then in 1982 he came to the U.S. and lived out the remainder of his days. Raymond is survived by his wife Sita Kamarita Taateo, seven children, seventeen grandchildren, and a great granddaughter. Mark & Cyrena [Whitney(Eva), Raymon, Aquilar, Khadine], Angela & Richard (Mako, Merc, Manassah, Kroyde), Catherine & Bryan (Lauvadia, Kyane, Bronson), Leslie & Carla (Geneva), Analei & Laulu Mataava (Raymond, Daniel, Maybel Faalataina, Mataava Jr.), Mary and Mauricio (Sita-Maria), and Caroline. Also by his siblings, cousins, nephews, nieces and many friends. He is preceded in death by Mareko(father), Saumaonatoto(mother), Dawn Toast(sister), Visser(brother), Mareko II(brother), Warner(brother), Raymond Jr.(Son), and Esther Rachel(Daughter). Raymond was welcoming, warmhearted, loyal friend, fun grandpa, amazing father, and devoted husband. His known trade was in mechanics but his true passion was for music. He will always be remembered for his compassionate and humble conduct towards anyone he came across. His love knew of no limits and it was unconditional. Viewing is scheduled for Friday evening November 10, 2017 from 6pm - 8:30pm at Taylorsville Stake center 4845 Woodhaven Dr, Taylorsville, UT 84123. Funeral services will be at the same address but take place on the following Saturday morning November 11, 2017 from 11am - 12pm. Family will be able to say their last goodbyes to our father from 9am - 10am just before the funeral. Then he will laid to his final resting place at Crescent Cemetery 11105 South State St, Sandy UT. All services will be under the direction of Peni Malohifo'ou from Serenity Funeral Home. The family would like to express our sincerest thanks to Serenity Funeral Home, Taylorsville 1st Ward, Taipan Trading, Lucky's, and the medical staff at the Intermountain Hospital for always taking care of our Dad. A Go Fund Me account has been setup in his name for donations/contributions, thank you again.
Raymond Lei Maumasi "Uncle Ray" of Taylorsville, Utah age 66 peacefully returned home Sunday October 29, 2017, 5:16pm at the hospital in Murray, Utah surrounded by his loved ones. Raymond was born October 8, 1951 in Apia, Western Samoa... View Obituary & Service Information
The family of Raymond Lei Maumasi created this Life Tributes page to make it easy to share your memories.
Raymond Lei Maumasi "Uncle Ray" of Taylorsville, Utah age 66...
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The responsibility of the Secretariat is to support all WAREG bodies. All WAREG Members may participate at Secretariat meetings. The Secretariat has the power to decide on its internal organisational structure and allocation of roles and responsibilities in order to carry out its activities.
executes any other function that may be assigned to it by the Assembly.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Location! Location! Location! A Perfect area to Build a New Business!! One of the highest traffic counts in Horry County with Average Daily Traffic (ADT) at approximately 22,200 (Twenty-two Thousand and Two Hundred) vehicles a day! At the intersection of Hwy 319 and Hwy 701 N, .76 areas Zoned Highway Commercial (HC) along the front and Commercial Forest Agriculture (CFA) on the back of the lot. This property has 3 driveway accesses and 166 feet of Highway Frontage just outside the city limits of Conway. The pricing is for the land only, and the house on the property is being sold AS IS/ WHERE IS.


Arrange assortment of vegetables, cheeses, or deli meats; sliced or rolled and arranged on a serving platter. Pour Italian dressing (see index) over all and served with Italian bread or crackers. Feel free to make up your own combination.


~~~WOW!! LIMITED SPORT TRIM PACKAGE!! PUSH BUTTON SMART START!! GAS SAVING ECO MODE!! BACK UP CAM!! TOUCHSCREEN DISPLAY!! BLUETOOTH!! SATELLITE RADIO READY!! HEATED LEATHER SEATS, FACTORY DIMENSION AUDIO SPEAKERS!! DUAL EXHAUST!! SPORT MODE!! DUAL ZONE CLIMATE CONTROL!! ICE COLD A/C!!~~~ BEAUTIFUL WOOD TRIMMED INTERIOR, KEYLESS ENTRY/SECURITY, AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION WITH TIPTRONIC SHIFT, POWER LOCKS/WINDOWS/MIRRORS/SEATS, TILT/TELESCOPIC STEERING WHEEL WITH MOUNTED RADIO/BLUETOOTH/CRUISE CONTROL, AM/FM RADIO, CD PLAYER, AUXILIARY/USB PORT, HEIGHT ADJUSTABLE, TRACTION CONTROL, MULTIFUNCTION DISPLAY, AUTOMATIC HEADLIGHTS, HOMELINK, FRONT/SIDE AIRBAGS, REAR VENTS, FOG LIGHTS, ALLOY WHEELS WITH LIKE NEW TIRES, BRAND NEW BRAKES FRONT AND REAR, OWNERS MANUAL, WINDOW TINT, FREE CLEAN CARFAX HISTORY REPORT!!


I have problems with two PDF-images that I used in the magazine, full page in two frames.
too small (less than 144 DPI, rsolution is only 109 x 109 DPI.
The two PDF on my PC are in fact about 3 MB so where it goes wrong?
File size does not always correlate to correct resolution. The only way to be sure is to use a .pdf pre-flight software to verify the resolution of the original pdf files before their placement into Scribus. The problem might not be with Scribus at all... If you do not mind uploading the original pdf's, I can run them through acrobat professionals preflight as well as enfocus' pitstop editor if you do not have access to preflight software, it will not be until Tuesday when I return to work though.
Thanks for your help. I sure don't mind to upload the two pictures. They are two advertisements that should be placed full page in our club magazine.
Can I attach them to a message to your emaildress that I find at the leftside of your answer?
I will gladly wait until wednesday, no problem.
Your choice, you upload them to the post, someone else might be able to preflight them for you before I can on Tuesday or you can email me, either way is fine. Also if you could post which version of Scribus you are using and on what operating system. Thanks!
What you get is a warning, you can ignore it to generate the PDF.
Resolution is a function of the number of pixels verus the printed size.
The warning says the image is 109 DPI, this could be an 109x109 pixels image printed as 1x1 inch, or it could be a 1090x1090 pixels image printed as 10x10 inches. Or something in between.
An image that is 1090x1090 pixels and uncompressed bitmap would become about 3,5 MB with 3 bytes per pixels (24 bit RGB).
So open the image in an image editor or viewer and check how many pixels high and wide it is.
It is a warning I can't ignore. The PDF of the magazine is simply not made after this message.
I only can open the pictures in Acrobat reader and don't see how many pixels really are there.
I tried to do what Mnawij suggested and enclose the two pictures. Sadly this did't work because the max size for an attachment is 2MB and mine are about 3.6 each.
Is there a way to send you these PDF's?
I use Scribus 1.4.7 on Windows 10.
Even if you click the buttojn in the bottom right corner that says (in the English version) Ignore errors?
When I click ignore, the savings starts but comes with "not possible to save while picture .....pdf could not be loaded".
I suppose both pictures are made using InDesign or Photoshop. I asked one of the advertisers to sent the same picture in .JPG. He did...problem solved. Now I try the other too. Hopefully he has his advertisement also in JPG.
Stange: I have also placed a picture in PDF, also made Indesign but it only is 4 x 5 inch, so quarter of a page. It gives the same warning (resolution smaller than 144 dpi, current resolution 116 x 116 dpi) when I export to PDF but when I "ignore" the pdf is made even so and the picture is on the page.
I'm going to look for my "ignore" button and place the pictures in JPG for the magazine has to go to our members in two weeks. Go for the answers later when I have some more time.


Department for Women, Children, Disabled & Senior Citizens - Change of the nomenclature of Anganwadi Worker as Anganwadi Teacher - Orders - Issued.
Government hereby order that the nomenclature of the Anganwadi Worker working in Integrated Child Development Scheme Projects on Honorarium basis shall be re-designated as "Anganwadi Teacher".
2. The Director, Women Development & Child Welfare Department, Hyderabad, shall take necessary action in the matter accordingly.
The Chief Minister assured that based on the seniority and qualifications of the Anganwadi teachers would be promoted as supervisors. He said they would also be made eligible for insurance scheme and would be given priority in the allotment of double bed room houses. KCR announced that Rs 12,000 would be given in three installments to women who deliver their babies in the government hospitals. If the newborn is a female child an additional amount of Rs 1,000 would be given.
This scheme will start from April 1. In addition to this, the just born babies will be given a special kit worth Rs 2000 containing items required for a baby. The kit would be named as KCR Kit. KCR said fine rice would be supplied to the Anganwadi centres to cook rice for the pregnant, lactating mothers and the infants from March. He reiterated that, under the Arogya Laxmi scheme, pregnant women, lactating mothers and children would be given nutritious food, milk and eggs. Women development and Child Welfare minister Tummala Nageswara Rao, Secretary Jagdeesh and Director Indira were present.


Traditional manuscripts research mainly focuses on western art history. Although, in the field of Western art, manuscripts have been around for a long time, research of manuscripts has a very short history. During the Renaissance and classical art period, studies on manuscripts were rare. Only after the art history became a modern discipline, did the manuscript begin to be valued and become a subject of study for art historians. Manuscripts are often viewed as a starting point or a link in a purposive process, or as "proof" of reality and authenticity in comparison with the finished work.
In traditional art history, the lower limit of research on manuscripts is Impressionism, because most impressionistic artists create works directly outdoors, rather than carrying out structural studies in the studio. In this sense, Impressionism and other modern art styles which emphasize originality and ingenuity, are fundamentally "anti-manuscript". Many works that look like manuscripts do not point to the final work. Of course, this does not mean that modern artists have no manuscripts in the traditional sense. For some works, especially those created for research, manuscripts are still the process and basis for the final creation, and they are valuable for art history research.
The art historical value of manuscripts can be approached from two perspectives. For one thing, the manuscript is an exercise for artistic creation. For another, the manuscript serves as a carrier of special information. In different research methodologies, manuscripts may present different value. In the traditional approach, emphasis is placed on how the artist's individual style and language develop, and how his creative thinking is formed and change. One of the common features of this type of research is the need to establish a link between the manuscript and the final work and to define and discuss the final work through the similarities or differences between them.
Another methodology that approaches manuscripts from the outside of art and aesthetics carries out studies in social, economic, political, and cultural historical fields. This is quite common in art history studies in recent decades. For example, the research on patron and patronage systems that were prevalent in previous years was closely related to manuscripts. Such studies do not aim to justify a certain conclusion by the study of manuscripts. On the contrary, art historians often overturn a long-established conclusion. The finished work is seen as a result of modification or hiding of information, while the manuscript reveals many secrets behind it, which presents more primitive and authentic message.
I've also noticed this in my research on the Barbizon School. For example, Jean-François Millet (1814-1875) repeatedly sketched about the subject of "The Sower" since the 1950s. There are not only the three completed oil paintings but also a large number of manuscripts. Among the oil paintings such as The Sower, The Gleaners and The Angelus, people could detect more of pastoral atmosphere full of religious sentiments. However, in a sketch for The Sower, there is an unexpected "telegraph tower". In the history of art, the Barbizon School is always associated with the simple rural life that resembles the Garden of Eden in an ideal world. However, the advent of modern devices such as telegraph towers breaks this myth. A split emerges between manuscripts and the final work.
The Barbizon School was active from the 1840s to the 1880s. In the 19th Century France fraught with revolutions, how could Barbizon, which was only tens of kilometers away from Paris, be free from turbulence and emerged as Eden? In fact, many artists came to Barbizon to escape the turmoil in Paris, but this was not an idyllic pastoral land, but in the throes of French modernization. At this juncture, it was the golden age of the French industrial revolution when the peasant economy began to shift to agricultural capitalism and large farms began industrialization. The farm not far from Millet's residence was a large one that was no longer an idyllic Garden of Eden. Art historian T.J. Clark called the firewood gathers in Fontainebleau forest "the proletariat in the forest", where disturbing social factors surged. Why, then, did Millet filter the scene in reality, and eradicated the modernity in his manuscripts, eventually depicted an outdated rural scene?
Art historian Robert L. Herbert (1929- ) considers Millet as a 19th century myth instead of a reality. By studying and comparing thousands of manuscripts that have been overlooked or marginalized, he views Millet's pastoral landscape as an individual's extreme reaction to the industrial changes in the city. That is, by creating a better home out of the past, Millet tended to eliminate his fear of the rapidly expanding city and to free himself from urban life and the callous capitalist system. However, this insight was overlooked in the biographies, which had been taken as the primary material for the previous art historians.
Millet's first biographer is Alfred Sensier (1815-1877). Sensier was a civil servant of the National Gallery of France and a national arts and culture institution. He was also the main patron of Millet and Rousseau in Barbizon. Through his promotion and sales, most of Millet's paintings were sold to the middle class in the city of Paris. On the one hand, in the eyes of the then middle-class, the suburbs and the nearby rural areas were far from beautiful and were full of conflicts. On the other hand, in the turmoil of the revolution, they wanted to seek comfort and remedy for their anxiety from the ancient history of the countryside. As a result, Millet's portrayal of the outdated village landscape gave what consumers are eager to see. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand the tremendous changes made from reality to manuscripts and from manuscripts to his final works.
Manuscripts in the study of traditional art history often point to the story behind the important work, and the study of manuscripts often brings about new discoveries. However, with the rapidly updating research methodologies of art history, and the scope and definition of manuscripts constantly expanding for both modern and contemporary art, manuscripts are taking on different historical forms, varying from one to another to different degrees in forms, value and functions. In modern and contemporary art, there are many so-called manuscripts that actually do not correspond to the finished works. They are not the studies of a certain subject in the traditional sense, nor are they used to realize a certain result. Sometimes they are independent works per se, and sometimes they are attached images or texts.
In contemporary art, direct visual reproduction of the reality becomes less frequent, so does the manuscript in the traditional sense. But for the installation, performance or conceptual art, there would be what we call blueprints, which in fact include the artist's ideas and illustrations. Sometimes the blueprint itself is a work of art. When we call them manuscripts, there are in fact inherently different from those during the Renaissance period of time. For the study of art history, their value and judging criteria are still needed to be considered. However, unlike traditional manuscripts, they can sometimes be used as a kind of productive material.
There was once a project called "The Abolished Plan" curated by Biljana Ciric, who collected plans which had failed to be finalized since the early '80s in China, and explored the reasons behind. The exhibition not only had correlation with the curatorial idea, but also with external factors such as the art agency, the art market and public aesthetic. From a grander perspective, these phenomena were also closely related to the reality of the Chinese society. Apparently, such a project about manuscripts is as creative and academic. It is obviously necessary for art historians and art critics to recognize the different historical forms and value of manuscripts and then treat them differently from different perspectives with different approaches.


text:
Meet the ISC/UFBA
Infraestucture
Meet the PPGSC
Teachers and Researchers
Know Program
Technical Board
Home ISC in the fight against Covid-19 Coronavirus: a pandemic that spells out social inequalities
ISC in the fight against Covid-19
Political Analysis in Health
Coronavirus: a pandemic that spells out social inequalities
Projeto do Instituto de Saúde Coletiva da UFBA oferece orientações e kits de higiene para pessoas em situação de rua / Foto: divulgação
The effects of the new coronavirus and actions aimed at combating the covid-19 pandemic led important debates at the UFBA 2020 Virtual Congress. One of the most recurring issues in the discussions was the deepening of social vulnerabilities in different contexts, from unequal access to health services. health among municipalities to measures that accentuate discrimination in certain layers of the Brazilian population.
At the opening, the pandemic was the theme of the session " Brazil in the 21st century: knowledge and public policies to face Covid-19 ", which was attended by the president of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Nísia Trindade, and teachers Eduardo Mota and Glória Teixeira, from the Collective Health Institute (ISC / UFBA).
The panel highlighted the different impacts caused by the pandemic in the municipalities, especially those located in the northern region of Brazil, and the reflection of social vulnerabilities for the population's health. "There are municipalities in which people need to travel, on average, 240 kilometers to reach the hospital and have access to an ICU bed," noted Nísia Trindade.
According to the president of Fiocruz, there is a need for greater integration between the surveillance system and primary health care, with more effective action by community health agents in this process. She also drew attention to the actions taken by the Brazilian states, such as restrictions on agglomerations, and the importance of social isolation to contain the advance of the pandemic. "Scientific knowledge shows us that, in the absence of vaccines and proven effective drugs, these are the measures that have shown the best result".
In a debate with Trindade, the professor epidemiologist at the Collective Health Institute (ISC) at UFBA Eduardo Mota pointed out the need for more investments in the areas of health and education. He criticized the process of de-financing the Unified Health System (SUS) and public educational institutions in recent years. "Our teaching and research institutions are responsible for producing knowledge and innovation in this country, something that is absolutely essential at a time like this", he observed.
For ISC epidemiologist and researcher Glória Teixeira, in addition to strengthening the SUS, the pandemic also opens up an opportunity to discuss universal systems in all countries of the world. "The pandemic is bringing up the problem of inequality, and I hope that Brazilian society and humanity will see these examples for the construction of a world that is less unequal and more in favor of the population".
In Brazil, about 3.5 million health workers work in the provision of services, from primary care to specialized and hospital services in the public and private network. During the pandemic, the role of these professionals gained prominence, not only for the importance, but also for the vulnerability to which they are exposed.
The subject was the theme of the table " Health workers in the context of a pandemic ", presented by researchers from the CoVida – Science, Information and Solidarity Network, a joint initiative of UFBA and Cidacs / Fiocruz, with a focus on Covid-19. "While the majority of the population is in social isolation, these workers are at the front line with risks," said Isabela Cardoso, director of ISC and a member of the network.
The session warned of a scenario of inequality even among health workers, mainly for nursing professionals, because of the technical and social division of labor. According to the Federal Nursing Council (Cofen), 85.1% of these workers are women; of these, 53% are black. And they are the most exposed to the risks of contamination.
"These professionals are subjected to long working hours and greater physical and mental fatigue, which can lead to errors, including hand washing and proper use of PPE," observed Ednir Assis Souza, professor at the School of Nursing at UFBA.
The panel also counted on the participation of professor Catharina Matos and researcher Erick Lisboa, both from ISC, who presented actions and proposals for health workers to face the pandemic.
The advance of Covid-19 has also highlighted the vulnerability of indigenous people in Brazil. According to the epidemiological bulletin of the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health (Sesai), released on Saturday (23), there are 760 confirmed cases and 35 deaths in the country until the last update. The living conditions of these populations were discussed at the table " Covid-19 and indigenous peoples: legal impasses, institutional attacks and forms of collective confrontation ", presented by leaders of the Tuxá peoples (Rodelas – BA), Xucuru-Kariri (Palmeira dos Índios – AL), Tapeba (Caucaia – CE) and Pankararu (Tacaratu, Petrolândia and Jatobá – PE).
During the session, they criticized the actions of the federal government and the administrative measures adopted by the Ministry of Health. "The model brought to contain the pandemic in our territories is the same as in urban centers. These are actions that violate the rights and basic principles of indigenous peoples ", observed Maynamy José Santana, representative of the Xucuru-Kariri. The discussion also addressed issues such as difficulties in managing emergency aid and the rampant increase in food prices in cities close to the villages.
For the lawyer and activist Weibe Tapeba, the vulnerability of the people who do not have demarcated land is even more accentuated due to the proximity to the municipalities and, therefore, to the greater contact with external social groups. "The indigenous peoples who have already presented cases of notification and deaths are, precisely, in communities with greater fragility in relation to the management of the territory", he emphasized.
The executive coordinator of the Articulation of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil (Apib), Dinamam Tuxá, also called for more speed in approving Bill 1142/20, which contains emergency measures to assist indigenous and quilombola peoples during the pandemic, as well as withdrawal of the article authorizing missionaries to remain in isolated Indian territories. "We want the changes presented by the government to be excluded and we defend the return of the project to the model that was built in a democratic way".
Other discussions on the indigenous theme were also highlighted at the tables " Indigenous peoples and challenges facing the covid-19 ", " Epidemiology, culture and health of the black and indigenous populations " and " Covid-19 and health of the indigenous peoples: emergencies in health indigenous communities in Bahia ".
According to the National Coordination of Articulation of Black Rural Quilombola Communities (CONAQ, Brazil has about 6 thousand remaining quilombo communities, which represents a contingent of 16 million people. The social and epidemiological vulnerability of these populations in facing the pandemic was the discussion topic of the table " Vulnerabilities: quilombola populations in the North and Northeast of Brazil in the face of the covid-19 pandemic ", presented by professors Hilton Silva (UFPA), Edna Araújo (Uefs) and Leny Trad (ISC / UFBA), with mediation researcher Alder Mourão (UFPA).
The researchers highlighted the context of extreme poverty in the communities, such as high rates of unemployment, absence of minimum sanitation conditions and, mainly, the difficulty of accessing health services. According to Professor Edna Araújo, these are old problems that are aggravated in a scenario of health crisis. "This pandemic refers to a disease that is highly serious, requiring ICU, and the cities that are closest to these quilombola communities generally have a very limited service structure," he evaluated.
Professor Hilton Silva also warned of the number of Covid-19 cases in quilombos in Pará and the lack of necessary follow-up. "We have already counted 12 deaths in quilombola areas in the state and more than 160 suspicions that do not have medical assistance to date". He also criticized the lack of specific actions to contain and control the pandemic among quilombola populations across the country.
For Professor Leny Trad, the situation requires public policies that recognize the remaining quilombo communities and are willing to listen to the direct demands of these populations. "We need to think about ways to face vulnerability both in the context of this pandemic and beyond, in a perspective that is not authoritarian, that we will take the answers and solutions".
The quilombola theme was also present at the tables "SUS, the work of social workers in health and quilombola communities in the context of the pandemic / covid-19" and "Interinstitutional research in focus: quilombola communities at risk".
Street population
"Stigmas are very violent and indifference is what makes us suffer the most". The outburst is by Renata Santos, state coordinator of the Movement of Population in Street Situation, and one of the guests at the table " We are not invisible: the right to health of the homeless population before, during and after covid-19 ".
The session discussed experiences of social collectives, the performance of the university and the search for more inclusive public policies, with the participation of professors Joilda Nery (ISC / UFBA), Cleber Cremonese (ISC / UFBA), nutritionist Osiyalle Rodrigues and Tricia Calmon , coordinator of the "Corra para o Abraço" program, of the Secretariat of Justice, Human Rights and Social Development of the State of Bahia (SJDHDS).
A survey by the Axé Project, carried out in partnership with UFBA and other institutions, points out that the number of people on the street can reach 17 thousand in Salvador. And it is in this scenario of marginalization and pandemic that "Nós nas Ruas" was created, a project that has already distributed more than 2,500 hygiene and food kits to people on the streets. The action is developed in the city by teachers and students from ISC / UFBA, with the support of the Movement of Population in Street Situation, the program "Run to the Hug" and the State University of Bahia (Uneb).
In addition to donations, guidelines and health training activities are carried out for professionals working in the care of this population. "While the government does not arrive, we seek to provide minimum conditions for these people to be able to prevent themselves against Covid-19 in a completely adverse context, which is the street scene", highlighted Professor Joilda Nery, creator of the campaign.
Give a voice to young blacks and share experiences about actions developed in their own communities during the pandemic. This was the purpose of the recorded table " Black youth and covid-19: proposals for direct actions to combat the socio-racial effects of the crisis ". The session was presented by members of Prosseguir, an affirmative action program coordinated by the Center for the Study of Labor Relations and Inequalities (CEERT) in partnership with UFBA.
"How are we going to talk about social distance in two- or three-room houses where up to eight people live? They live in conglomerates, sharing the same bathrooms, without water to wash their hands and without money to feed themselves, "said Thayana Victória Silva, a medical student at Uneb, during the discussion.
Among the initiatives shown by the group, is the campaign led by Tasciano Santos Solari, a Geography student at the Federal Institute of Bahia (IFBA), who distributes food and hygiene kits to residents of the Massaranduba region, in Salvador. "The pandemic helped to open up what the government has never done for society in relation to public health, education and food," he says. The action also included the delivery of fabric masks made by members of the community itself.
For Ariana Silva (UFBA), master in Interdisciplinary Studies on Women (Neim / UFBA), the initiatives start from the understanding of how social inequalities are deepened by racism and the impact that this brings on the lives of black and poor people, especially in crisis periods, such as the current pandemic. "These are actions that help in the basics, but without the basics, we cannot take a bigger step".
Other discussions on the theme of the black population gained space in various activities of the UFBA 2020 Congress, such as the tables " Black neighborhoods, racism and pandemic of the covid-19 ", " Black women, racism and health " and " The lethality of racism: black people and the covid-19 pandemic ".
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In the matter of the Correio, Luis Eugenio de Souza warns of the crisis of ICU beds in Bahia
Watch the ISC at Home seminar on "Covid-19: science, politics, history and the persistent mysteries of pandemics"
Experts debate coronavirus: "We are in the upsurge of a first wave that is not over"
Registrations open for online event to launch the Brazilian Privation Index (IBP)
Watch the ISC at Home seminar on "Gender, Science and Covid-19: contributions to the debate"
Notice 001/2020 – Visiting Teachers 2020 (PRPPG/UFBA)
ISC Agenda563
Political Analysis in Health361
ISC in the fight against Covid-1953
Watch the ISC at Home seminar on "Covid-19: science, politics, history...
Egberto Siqueira - 7 de December de 2020
"Covid-19: science, politics, history and the persistent mysteries of pandemics' is the theme of ISC at Home this Friday (4th). Our guest is professor...
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Egberto Siqueira - 22 de April de 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Beira is still in mourning, still bearing the scars of sudden catastrophe. As the city tries to get back on its feet, its people are still trying to make sense of a singular storm that defied the rules of any they have ever known.
In a small room at the Beira morgue, just eight people and a priest walk around a coffin with a young woman's body, but the sound of their grief carries far.
Christine was 32 and disabled, without the use of her legs. Her heartbroken sister, Maria Vasco, explained that when she heard the cyclone was coming, Christine left her own little house and found shelter in another, believing it would offer better protection from the ravages of the storm.
It didn't. And just like that she was gone. The loss hit her family especially hard, because it was so sudden.
Tropical Cyclone Idai ravaged Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi, peaking on March 11 and killing more than 760 people in the three countries. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has called it "one of the worst weather-related catastrophes in the history of Africa."
In a local paper, a former Mozambique first lady was quoted saying that Beira will "go down in history as having been the first city to be completely devastated by climate change."
While there is still an ongoing debate, many international experts believe climate change is the culprit. The extraordinary destruction and flooding clearly points to unprecedented factors.
From above, the outlines of the waterlogged city have been smudged by the winds and an angry sea. As you fly farther into the flood zone, the water goes on as far as the eye can see, submerging everything. It's believed to have covered an area as large as 2,100 square kilometres.
Within the city of Beira, the roiling sea took giant mouthfuls of the coastal road, and the wind uprooted mighty trees as if they were saplings. They now lie leafless by the side of the road in the dozens, bearing their roots clear out of the ground.
Even the morgue's roof was blown off, replaced temporarily with a blue tarpaulin held down by rope.
And houses thought to be secure came tumbling down.
"On that day, the house fell in on her," said Vasco as her sister's coffin was carried to a small truck en route to the cemetery. Christine was taken to hospital alive but then died of her injuries.
"For the family it's very difficult."
It seems nothing was immune. The large hangar at the airport has lost large tracts of roofing. The imposing Sacred Heart church of Macuti was cracked open by the wind, its roof blown clear and down to the ground, along with two of its walls, a fallen nearby tree is now leaning into the rubble.
A statue of Mary remains on one of the intact walls. The pews are visible from the courtyard.
Felipe Speng and his sister, who live nearby, walked around the site to assess the breathtaking damage. Felipe has been coming to the church for seven years.
"It sounded like a big house coming down," he said, describing the church's destruction that night. "Everyone was scared."
"We have lost our church, but we are still alive. It's time to say thanks to God."
Look past the mangled roofs and the sea-ravaged roads and you can see Beira is trying to pick itself up. Traffic is returning. School kids in uniform walk to class. Electricity is steadily being restored.
Small crews of street cleaners, women and men, some in hard hats and rubber boots, are manually scraping up the storm-broken branches and pitching them into garbage trucks.
They are small steps. Since the storm battered the country's infrastructure, telecommunication is still extremely difficult. Prices of goods have skyrocketed. Thousands now make their homes in schools and churches. Some 2,800 schools are believed to have been destroyed.
Then there is the destruction of countless of ordinary homes, displacing thousands of people.
"I have lost all my books, my bag, all things," student Daniel Sarafin told CBC.
"I was supposed to go back tomorrow, but I don't know how I'll continue studying, because I've lost everything."
As a remedy, he moved back to his village near Gorongosa National Park.
A primary school in a central Beira district has been transformed into shelter for those who lost their homes in the storm. Living there means living in close quarters with some 2,100 people.
What was once the courtyard is now full of women and children sheltering in the shade.
The far corner has been turned into a makeshift kitchen, where tree branches felled by the storm are being used as fuel. Classrooms are now bedrooms for way too many people.
School desks are workstations where women pick through the beans they plan to cook for dinner.
Two small children play in a puddle of dirty water.
"I'm here because I have nowhere else to go," says Maria Jamie Jose, who escaped her destroyed home at the height of the cyclone.
"But to live like this, it's not so good."


A dental bridge is a device used to replace missing teeth. How it works is that it attaches artificial teeth to adjacent natural teeth — also known as abutment teeth. Your Houston dentist can either create bridges that are permanently attached (called fixed bridges), or they may make bridges that are removable. The whole procedure can be completed in 1 to 3 visits to the Midtown Dentistry office.
Tooth loss does not happen to everyone, but if you do lose some teeth, Midtown Dentistry in Houston, TX, can provide you with multiple options for replacing a lost tooth, including implants, dental bridges and removable partial dentures.
Your dentist can either a dental bridge that is removable or a dental bridge that permanently attached to your teeth. These are called fixed bridges.
There are two ways that removable bridges can be attached to your teeth: The first way is with precision attachments. The second way they an be attached is with metal clasps. Removable bridges can be taken out and cleaned. However, fixed bridges offer more stability than removable bridges.
Your Midtown Dentistry dentist in Houston will apply fixed bridges by either bonding the artificial teeth directly to the abutment teeth or by placing dental crowns on the abutment teeth. Fixed dental bridges should not be removed at home. To avoid damaging your teeth, only your dentist or a another dental professional should remove fixed dental bridges.
Your Midtown Dentistry dentist will often use crowns so that the tooth can be used for chewing and other functions. It is often done after you've undergone a root canal where a large portion of the original tooth had to be removed.
But root canals aren't the only reason your dentist may use crown. Crowns can used as dental bridge attachments. They can also cover dental implants or if you have a cracked tooth, a crown can cover it to stop it from cracking more. Another reason your dentist may recommend a crown is if a filling looks like it may come loose or fall off.
Crowns can also be used for cosmetic purposes. Your dentist can use them to cover a stained or dark tooth to make it look natural again.
Learn how your Houston Dentist can create a porcelain crown specifically for you.
When it comes to dental bridges and crown, the problems and fears of the past no longer exist. Today's technology doesn't use any metal or silver caps. In this day and age, crowns and bridges are custom made at a lab using ceramic materials that look just like your teeth.
Our cosmetic dentists at Midtown Dentistry have mastered the art of crowns and bridges. They specialize in cosmetic dentistry and have the credentials and experience to perform all of your cosmetic procedures.
Look no further for a cosmetic dentist in Houston, Texas – you will not be disappointed with your experience with Midtown Dentistry.
Hybrid Dental Bridges or All-On-4?


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Tiga – 'Woke' (Solveig Remix) – Martin Solveig has unveiled his dynamic remix of Tiga's popular hit single 'Woke.' The reworking sees the 'My House' DJ lace his reworking with a club-ready bassline, and rumbling breakdown, which showcases Martin's incredible diversity as a producer, shifting towards a deeper vibe than many of his own radio-ready releases.
A brooding release packed with melodic house beats, Martin Solveig's remix follows Tiga's original, which has already received reworkings from the likes of Amine Edge & DANCE, Patrick Topping, Jamie Jones and Andrea Oliva with the latter receiving a wealth of support across BBC Radio 1 from tastemakers Annie Mac, Pete Tong and Danny Howard.
The release follows an enormous 2017 for Martin Solveig, who continued to dominate Ibiza with his 'My House' residency at Pacha, as well as hosting his very own 'My House' evening at Escape Amsterdam for ADE, where he was joined by The Magician, Kungs, Danny Howard, Coco Cole, JAX Jones and Creange.
Having also performed across the main stages of Creamfields, Tomorrowland and Ultra Miami this year, Martin's 'Woke' remix is a compelling display of his multi-faceted sound, and comes hot on the heels of his hit single, 'All Stars' featuring Finnish singer/songwriter ALMA, which has amassed over 50 million Spotify streams to date.
Released on Tiga's Turbo label, the Martin Solveig remix of 'Woke' is out now and follows Tiga's recent performance at the iconic Printworks London venue alongside Paul Kalkbrenner.


Book your tailor made holiday to Croatia at this charming, family run hotel located right at the beach and the promenade in a quiet pedestrian area close to the centre of Korcula Town. The perfect location and the lovely views over the sea from the hotel's terrace make it a great choice for a relaxing holiday on this popular island.
This small, family run hotel offers great personal service and is ideal for guests who wish to explore all that the charming, historic Korcula Town has to offer.
Because of its excellent location, guests can easily return to the hotel to freshen up during a hot summer day in the old town. Enjoy a refreshing drink on the terrace or jump straight into the sea from the beach that lies just in front of the hotel. Even though the hotel lies in a no-car zone, cars can easily be parked just a few minutes' walk from the hotel.
The spacious and comfortable rooms have a warm Mediterranean feel, hardwood floors, modern white furniture and inviting colours such as green, orange and yellow. All the rooms have lovely sea views.
Part of the hotel is around 300 years old and some of the original features and old walls can still be found in some places in the building. Guests will also like the antique wine cellar where occasional wine tastings are organised.
The restaurant offers traditional, fresh à-la-carte Dalmatian and international dishes, which can be enjoyed from the terrace overlooking the promenade and the sea.


Hey there! I'm excited to have been asked to Guest Design today on the Scrapbook and Cards Today Magazine blog. I made a layout. Today they are giving away a free Snowflakes cut file and I have made a layout using it.
I started off by cutting one large snowflake from white card. I then cut several more, but smaller and from vellum. I arranged the vellum snowflakes onto my layout and marked them with a pencil. I then removed them all and used the packaging technique and water colour paints to add splodges under the sowflakes. Once the background was dry I added the gorgeous vellum snowflakes back onto the layout. I stitched through each one using gold thread.
I used Pinkfresh Studio December Days to embellish my layout, added gold sequins and used a gold ink pad and snowflake stamps to add extra detail to my background.
Head over to the Scrapbook and Cards Today blog to see more, get the free cut file and see loads of other inspirational posts by the Design Team over there.


ABSOLUTELY SPECTACULAR LAKEFRONT HOME ON TANGLWOOD LAKE WITH LAKE RIGHTS TO BEAUTIFUL LAKE WALLENPAUPACK!! This IMMACULATE and DISTINCT 4 Bedroom, 4 Bath home features a beautiful Granite Kitchen, Gorgeous hardwood floors, a Master Suite with a fireplace and balcony overlooking the lake, 2 fireplaces, Central Air and a 2-Car Garage. The glass front Great Room has amazing lake and golf course views and is the perfect gathering spot for family and friends! This Winner is level to the water with nearly 200' on Tanglwood Lake. You will love the upscale country club setting of this community with private beach and pavilion, golf, fitness room and tennis. Move right in and start living the Lake Life Today!


As of 2019, Foal Auction Borculo offers the possibility to purchase foals online via the website. The offered collection consists of an exclusive number of high-quality dressage and jumping foals.
After a successful first edition the Borculo CSI Foal Auction will also this year take place at the international top show of Jumping Schröder Tubbergen. At this appealing venue a small collection of very exclusive jumping foals will come under the auction hammer.
Since 1979, 'Borculo' has been a household name within the equestrian world due to our Elite Auction. In 2019, Foal Auction Borculo celebrates its fortieth anniversary with a superb collection of high-quality jumping and dressage foals in a fitting setting.


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The Boys' Fox News parody reveals some key details for season 3
Part 1 of the series bridges seasons 2 and 3 by explaining Hughie's new job and Blindspot's fate
By Samantha Nelson Jul 13, 2021, 11:38am EDT
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Photo: Amazon Studios
[Ed. note: Major spoilers for season 2 of The Boys ahead.]
Amazon hasn't yet announced a release date for season 3 of The Boys, but it's promising fans of the superhero satire a steady drip of dark comedy and plot hints through the new Vought News Network video series. The first installment, posted on YouTube, explores the aftermath of some of season 2's events, and teases some new plots ahead.
In the world of The Boys, Vought International is the corporation responsible for giving children superpowers and turning superheroes into commodities, employing them for crime-fighting, ad campaigns, and movie shoots. The Vought News Network is a riff on Fox News, with Matthew Edison doing his best Tucker Carlson impression as Cameron Coleman, host of the news show Seven on 7. Each episode of the show features seven stories focused on the Seven, The Boys' version of the Justice League. Coleman will also be a recurring character in season 3 of the show.
It's unlikely anyone actually needs to watch these videos before jumping into season 3, but for fans, there is some information worth knowing. Vought claims that superhero Blindspot (designed as a Daredevil spoof) has gone missing following a mission in Argentina, which is a clear cover-up, given that the blind martial artist was maimed by evil Superman equivalent Homelander (Antony Starr) after he auditioned to join the Seven. Homelander himself hasn't been seen publicly since last season ended with the death of his Nazi girlfriend Stormfront and the son he was trying to connect with being taken into CIA custody. "Hey, we've all been there," Cameron says.
Hughie Campbell (Jack Quaid) decided to give up his vigilante work fighting supes at the end of season 2, and went to Congresswoman Victoria Neuman (Claudia Doumit), asking for a job. Neuman appears to be a crusading liberal in the mold of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, but the finale reveals she has a psychic power that can make people's heads explode. She's now director of the new federal bureau of superhuman affairs, and she's hired Hughie as an analyst. Hughie has served as a compassionate voice of reason throughout the series, and it's likely he's going to come into conflict with Neuman, given how many people she's messily killed.
One of her victims was Alastair Adana, leader of a Scientology-like group who worked with Neuman to bring down Stormfront. Cameron says Alastair has also been publicly absent recently, so presumably his death has also been covered up. The video also reveals that the U.S. has scrapped a plan to team up with Vought to create super-soldiers. It's likely that plot isn't really dead, though, given that Supernatural star Jensen Ackles is joining the show in season 3 as the Captain America equivalent Soldier Boy.
Beyond the plot tidbits, the video delivers a commercial for OurSheet, a truly excellent spoof on MyPillow. A commercial break will be included in all of these videos, so look out for more parodies, targeting Fox's biggest sponsors.
The Seven on 7 premise, which promises a new video on the 7th of each month until The Boys season 3 releases, has created some speculation that Amazon plans to release seven of these videos. That would mean the final one would arrive in January, setting up a season 3 premiere later that month or in February. The Boys season 2 wrapped in October 2020, so that timing seems about right, given COVID-19 delays.


Project Description: The best way to reduce weed resistance to herbicides is to use herbicides less often. Chaff collection is a technique that has potential to control weeds and reduce herbicide use. It has been successfully adopted in Australia to help control two of their most problematic weed species - rigid ryegrass and wild radish. In this project, the researchers will evaluate chaff collection in combination with other cultural weed management techniques at several sites to control problem weeds in Western Canada.
Weed resistance to herbicides is increasing rapidly and jeopardizes important herbicide tools. Cropping systems that effectively manage weeds with less herbicide applications are urgently required to decrease the selection for more herbicide resistance and to provide management tools in the face of new resistance issues. This project will evaluate the effectiveness of a harvest weed seed control method known as chaff collection. Chaff collection has the potential to reduce weed populations, and in combination with other weed-suppressing agronomic practices, can preserve the efficacy of herbicides. The researchers will combine chaff collection with some of the best cultural weed management techniques [high seeding rates, winter cereal crops, early-cut silage, perennial forage (alfalfa)] in standard and innovative crop rotations. This study will also for the identification of weed shifts (early selection pressure indicators) that may be associated with the different treatments and rotations we intend to impose. Decreasing herbicide applications in agricultural systems will decrease the selection for herbicide resistant weeds and make producers less vulnerable to losses from herbicide resistant weeds by providing other management methods. Furthermore, any time herbicide use frequency is reduced, there can be positive environment, human health, marketing and societal outcomes.
This proposed research focuses on identifying new genetic resources for Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in wheat and on developing FHB resistant wheat germplasm to combat FHB infection.


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Please read the terms and obligations of using DIAN data. By submitting this request, you are acknowledging your acceptance of and willingness to comply with the terms stated.
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Specify other details regarding diagnoses and any inclusion/exclusion criteria (e.g. age, race, gender, comorbidities, etc.).
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Pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods with proximal destinations and services encourage walking and decrease car dependence, thereby contributing to more active and healthier communities. Proximity to key destinations and services is an important aspect of the urban design decision making process, particularly in areas adopting a transit-oriented development (TOD) approach to urban planning, whereby densification occurs within walking distance of transit nodes. Modeling destination access within neighborhoods has been limited to circular catchment buffers or more sophisticated network-buffers generated using geoprocessing routines within geographical information systems (GIS). Both circular and network-buffer catchment methods are problematic. Circular catchment models do not account for street networks, thus do not allow exploratory 'what-if' scenario modeling; and network-buffering functionality typically exists within proprietary GIS software, which can be costly and requires a high level of expertise to operate.
This study sought to overcome these limitations by developing an open-source simple agent-based walkable catchment tool that can be used by researchers, urban designers, planners, and policy makers to test scenarios for improving neighborhood walkable catchments. A simplified version of an agent-based model was ported to a vector-based open source GIS web tool using data derived from the Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network (AURIN). The tool was developed and tested with end-user stakeholder working group input.
The resulting model has proven to be effective and flexible, allowing stakeholders to assess and optimize the walkability of neighborhood catchments around actual or potential nodes of interest (e.g., schools, public transport stops). Users can derive a range of metrics to compare different scenarios modeled. These include: catchment area versus circular buffer ratios; mean number of streets crossed; and modeling of different walking speeds and wait time at intersections.
The tool has the capacity to influence planning and public health advocacy and practice, and by using open-access source software, it is available for use locally and internationally. There is also scope to extend this version of the tool from a simple to a complex model, which includes agents (i.e., simulated pedestrians) 'learning' and incorporating other environmental attributes that enhance walkability (e.g., residential density, mixed land use, traffic volume).
In the last decade, a growing body of evidence demonstrates pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods encourage walking for both recreation and transport[1, 2]. This is important, since physical inactivity is the fourth leading contributor to the burden of disease globally and increasing physical activity is an international priority. Specific built environment attributes, such as residential density, street connectivity, and land use mix, either considered separately or together in a commonly combined 'walkability index', have been associated with walking for transport and recreation in the local environment[6–8]. Derived using geographical information systems (GIS) applied to existing spatial datasets, applications of these walkability attributes include: identifying neighborhoods of 'high' and 'low' walkability; providing information on the walkability characteristics of a given region; and generating a standardized benchmark to compare different settings in terms of characteristics shown to promote walking. Accordingly, the development and application of the walkability index has yielded many insights into the relationship between urban form and walking behaviors, and helped to guide the public health research agenda[6, 7, 11, 12]. However, the relative inflexibility of the walkability index (i.e., derived using static data sources) means that it has been primarily limited to assessing the 'walkability' of existing environments and the street connectivity component is more suited to regional-scaled analysis.
Another factor that impacts on walking, particular walking for transport, is proximity to services or features of interest. This is gaining attention in the literature[14, 15], with smart growth and new urbanism principles focusing on transit-oriented developments (TOD). TOD strategies center on creating walkable, denser built environments within a 10-minute walk (or half mile radius) around major transit stations. However, methods for assessing proximity to destinations, such as distance to railway stations and schools, have been limited with one of the simplest and most frequently used methods being a Euclidian 'circular catchment' or 'circular buffer approach'. A Euclidian buffer is rapid to apply, but does not take into account street network connectivity or barriers to walkability such as major roads, rivers or railway lines with few crossing points, and tends to overestimate catchment areas. As such, it has drawn criticism in the field of planning, and is very limited when it comes to assessing 'what-if' modeling scenarios. A more accurate approach to catchment analysis is the service area approach, sometimes called 'isochrone mapping' or a 'pedshed', which can be calculated in contemporary GIS software such as ESRI's ArcGIS™ with the Network Analyst™ extension. Typically generated as a ratio, this is a useful measure for summarizing the walkability of a given area. This method has greater accuracy than the circular catchment method as it considers street network permeability, natural and man-made barriers, and allows for 'what-if' scenario testing. A downside of this method, however, is the software required can be expensive, as it usually requires high-end GIS software. This technique also requires specialist staff, as it is generally too complex for non-expert users. Open-source solutions such as Quantum GIS plus additional plugin software alleviate cost limitations, but can be more challenging from an operational perspective.
Although useful, both the walkability index and the circular catchment tools have restricted utility for modeling the impact different built environment scenarios, including TOD, might have on localized walkability, prior to developing or retrofitting areas of interest. For example, modifying the street network, changing traffic light phasing, or access points to features of interest will likely affect the permeability and accessibility of neighborhoods; and there are substantial advantages to simulating and testing different built environment layouts prior to constructing any interventions.
Agent-based modeling is an approach to examining complex systems of autonomous individual 'agents'. Agents are programmed with rule-based behaviors to interact with each other and their environment over time, thereby enabling the system to be analyzed as a whole. Depending on purpose, agents can be programmed with simple (i.e., follow rules and behaviors, interact with the environment) or complex (i.e., learn rules and behaviors, interact with each other) behaviors. As agents are released from a central node through the network, their simulated behaviors can be visualized and observed, including the distances traveled and any junctions that cause congestion. Although agent-based modeling is not new, it has become increasingly popular in assessing human movement in the past decade[25, 26] due to both software and hardware development. High-end proprietary agent-based modeling software (e.g., Legion™, SWARM™, MASON™) have been used to model complex human behaviors in crowded railway stations and large sports stadiums to predict effectiveness of egress in the event of an emergency, such as a building fire[27, 28]. This kind of agent-based modeling is highly detailed and involves programming complex agent behaviors; it is well suited to building-scaled analysis, but is perhaps overly detailed for precinct-scaled analysis. For this reason, our work sought to develop a simplified open-source simple agent-based modeling tool that combined the benefits of service area approach mapping with other dynamic factors related to walkability within precinct catchment areas. These user-specified manipulations included: having the simple agents (i.e., simulated pedestrians) navigate the street network for specified distances or times; applying differing wait times at crossing points; and allowing for diverse agent functionality (e.g., walking speed).
Together, this work seeks to yield a more accurate understanding of how neighborhood walkability is associated with network access and permeability, and to develop an easy-to-use interactive on-line tool for researchers and planners to modify neighborhood walkability to enhance access to features of interest. The aim of the research is to develop an open-source simple agent-based walkable network tool that complements existing walkability tools, by combining the benefits of open source road network service areas with scenario modeling. As such, this work will provide not only an innovative tool to investigate how neighborhood walkability is related to amenity access (e.g., TOD), but enable different planning scenarios to be simulated and tested prior to developing new or retrofitting older areas.
This research formed part of the North West Metropolitan Region of Melbourne Data Access, Integration, and Interrogative and Demonstrator Projects refer:http://www.csdila.unimelb.edu.au/projects/aurinands/aurinands_websitehtml/index.htm). Briefly, the aim of the project was to demonstrate the benefit of providing open access government datasets to researchers, planners and policy makers to deal with problems of space, place, and liveability in the North West Metropolitan region of Melbourne (Victoria, Australia). Four small-scale demonstrator projects were undertaken, focusing on key policy issues in the North West region of Melbourne; being access to affordable housing, health services, employment clustering, and walkability. Spatial datasets for the Melbourne North West corridor were made available through the Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network (AURIN) portal and data repository (refer:http://www.aurin.org.au). The present paper focuses on the development of the basic agent-based walkable network tool created as part of the walkability demonstration project.
AURIN is a Super Science project funded by the Australian Government, tasked to provide e-infrastructure to support urban and built environment research, policy and decision-making within a national context. AURIN has developed an open source portal where users can come in and shop for spatial data, and analyze and visualize the results. Users can either run models within the portal or download the data and run them using other modeling tools. In this project the AURIN portal was used for accessing the necessary spatial data inputs for running the 'what-if?' scenarios in the North West Melbourne study area. The datasets accessed included the street network and features of interest; however additional data sources could be sourced externally and overlaid in future depending on the required tool complexity.
A stakeholder working group and industry- and research-based project champions were established as part of this research. The stakeholder working group comprised of representatives of Australian federal, state, and local government agencies drawn from transport, planning, and health sectors. This group met three times with the research team over the course of the project to: inform the content of the basic agent-based walkable network tool (Workshop I); provide interim feedback on the alpha version of the tool (Workshop II); and review the final assumptions, interface, and model capability (Workshop III). Industry- and research-based project champions further communicated the development and utility of the tool to a wider network, including government, academia, and industry.
The initial development of the basic agent-based walkable network tool was informed by the health and place-based literature, and earlier related research undertaken by the investigators that applied and tested the walkability index with various health outcomes[9, 30, 31], along with a working 'Ped-Catch' prototype tool[32, 33]. This earlier prototype was developed for pedestrian catchment analysis that utilized Autodesk's Maxscript™ and PFlow™ within 3ds Max™ animation software. Although Ped-Catch has proved effective in design decision-making processes and is beneficial for design decision advocacy, it requires a high degree of skill to operate, proprietary animation software is used, and each site must be manually modeled specifically for the analysis.
Refinement of the Ped-Catch prototype was supplemented with information provided by the stakeholder-working group (Workshop I). Initial considerations included being able to utilize and upload a hierarchy of spatial data and the provision of editing and customization interface features to model different built environment and pedestrian scenarios. Bearing in mind the complexities in using the earlier tools, including the technical expertise required to manipulate these data; the basic agent-based walkable network tool was designed to be used with data drawn from the AURIN data repository as well as other open-access sources, and had relevant pre-specified user functionality built into the interface.
For the purposes of this paper, each agent represents a simulated pedestrian who travels along a network within a defined set of rules. We have created 'simple' agents to represent pedestrian movement throughout a network; however their behaviors were not based on survey data. The agents (i.e., simulated pedestrians) were programmed with simple rules to give them rudimentary pedestrian behaviors, including: moving at various speeds seeking to travel as far away as possible from a node within an allocated time; navigating a road or sidewalk network; being hindered by barriers, such as major roads or rivers; avoiding conflict with buildings and each other; and slowing down on steep topography. In other words, the simulated pedestrians leave from a user-defined node of interest, and traverse the street networks in all directions, unless blocked by an impassable network barrier. The catchment the simulated pedestrians can travel is further defined/constrained by the user setting a maximum time or distance (but not both parameters simultaneously). Together this results in an assessment of pedestrian destination accessibility for the defined conditions.
One objective of this tool was spatial data flexibility; that is, different users have the ability to upload data from diverse sources and at different scales. In order to do so, the tool was developed with a spatial data hierarchy in mind. Fine-grained data were optimal (e.g., the smallest census catchment area), but acceptable inputs extended to coarser-scale (e.g., suburb) and open-access (e.g., Walk score, Open trip planner) data sources. In this way, a variety of end users were able to utilize the tool either using their own data, or those supplied through the AURIN portal or other open-access sources. Standard spatial datasets used for the tool include the road network, features of interest (e.g., schools, public transport nodes), and traffic lights. Depending on end user access to other datasets, the tool was designed to support additional spatial layers. These could include (but were not limited to) sidewalks, traffic volume, and topography. Including such additional spatial data layers enhanced the accuracy and relevance of the tool for policy-makers and practitioners, as well as the ability to adapt to different environments.
The tool was developed to assess and optimize the walkability of neighborhood catchments around actual or potential nodes of interest (e.g., schools, public transport stops) based on access according to street network connectivity and the population of interest (e.g., vulnerable populations, such as children or older adults). In order to achieve this, a series of user-specified functionalities were designed into the interface. These included sliding bars to manipulate the: maximum walking time (up to 20 minutes), maximum walking speed (up to 2 m.s-1), and intersection wait time (up to 60 seconds). All of these attributes are theoretically linked to walking behaviors. For example, walking and road crossing speeds vary greatly by different ages and levels of mobility[36, 37], and thus, having the ability to alter these was an important feature of the tool. It was hypothesized that destinations for more vulnerable groups (e.g., children and older adults) would have smaller walkable catchments and they would access fewer crossings because of relatively slower walking speeds and additional safety concerns, respectively, when compared with able-bodied adults. This type of information is critical for assessing the walkable catchment area for destinations accessed by different population groups (e.g., schools, senior citizen organizations). While such user-specified functionalities are not new to agent-based modeling, these attributes have been identified as important considerations for creating walking-supportive environments, and in turn, increases the relevance of the findings for planning and public health disciplines.
Vector editing functionality allowed users to assess and optimize walkability catchments around origins by adding or removing networks to modify street connectivity, and manipulate the simple agents' starting point to reflect potential origins of interest (e.g., public transport egress, a school, a retirement home). This allowed different scenarios to be modeled within a simulated environment. An example of this is shown in Figure 1, where the user has added a blue line in Figure 1a; Figure 1b shows the agents travelling the new connection.
Screenshots showing the vector editing functionality of the simple agent-based modelling tool. a shows the vector addition in blue. b shows the agents traversing the new network.
The simulation components were written in Java using the open source GeoTools Graph library (OSGeo Foundation, Chicago, IL), and for visualization a web-based client was built around the open source OpenLayers (OSGeo Foundation, Chicago, IL) mapping tool. A network dataset (representing roads or sidewalks) using GeoTools functionality was ingested in a geo-referenced vector file format to enable simple agents to perform graph traversal operations using the A-Star navigation algorithm. In addition, using JTS (VividSolutions Inc, Victoria, BC) (the core geometry library used by Geotools), the network dataset for the simulation was prepared by noding intersections and snapping the origin and destination points to the road network. This allowed simple agents to traverse from origins to destinations that were proximal, but not directly on the road network. The paths the agents followed from origin to destination were calculated using this enhanced network and the A-Star algorithm. These paths were converted into a series of equally spaced points with a timestamp attribute, taking into account time spent waiting at intersections. The final step was to extract this information into a geo-referenced file format (GeoJSON (OSGeo Foundation, Chicago, IL) or ESRI (ESRI, Redlands, CA) shape files). Once a time-stamped point dataset was generated, visualizing in OpenLayers was a relatively simple process using OpenLayers time filter animation. This method filtered the dataset to show slices of time incrementally, as demonstrated by the screen shots below (Figure 2a-d).
Screenshots of the simple agent-based modelling tool interface and agent movement over time. a shows the interface functionality. b shows the distribution of destinations across the network. c and d show agents dispersing through the network with the graded colours indicating agent density.
The simple agent-based walkable network tool was designed in an interdisciplinary research environment (i.e., public health, urban planning, geomatics, geography) for a multi-disciplinary and multi-sectorial audience (e.g., urban designers, planners, policy and decision-makers). As such, it also needed to function in hardware within a standard computer figuration (i.e., low computational power); and provide an interface that was easy for non-spatial specialists to navigate. Thus, the tool was initially developed using simple agents with a limited level of artificial intelligence; that is, agents had a set of rules and behaviors initially programed. Conversely, complex agents are those who continue to learn behaviors from subsequent interactions with the environment and other agents. In our model agents left from a user-specified node of interest (origin) and navigated according to simple behavioral rules toward randomly distributed points snapped to the road network within the parameters set by the user (e.g., walking speed, time, intersection wait time) (see Figure 2b). Having limited artificial intelligence ensured different 'what-if' scenarios could be rapidly tested (e.g., different road network configurations or origin of agents). The stakeholder group regarded this functionality as being important.
The final basic agent-based walkable network tool is currently available at:http://155.146.87.16:999/agent-walkability/agent-model.html, and a movie tutorial can be found at:http://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/aurinands/2013/05/29/walkability-demonstration-of-value/. Source code is available from the GitHub public repository:https://github.com/gusmacaulay/agent-walkability. The intention is to integrate the final tool into the AURIN portal.
Based on potential future research applications and stakeholder feedback, a series of metrics were generated after each model simulation was run. These outputs include: a visual, graded representation of agents throughout the network; area coverage comparison between the agent-based model and circular catchment expressed as a ratio (i.e., pedshed); and the mean number of intersections the agents crossed. All of these outputs are recognized as being important attributes of walkability, which in turn are associated with walking behaviors and health outcomes[39, 40]. Metrics were generated as .csv and shape files after running each model, thereby allowing comparisons of walkability to be made across different built environments locations and populations of interest.
This simple agent-based walkable network tool leverages off the substantial body of earlier walkability and agent-based modeling work. To our knowledge, this is the first open-source GIS tool that allows street network interventions to be tested and evaluated, and the walkable catchment area to be assessed via an animated agent-based simulation within a web interface. This is important as built environment interventions are costly to implement; however, the longevity of such modifications coupled with the large number of people exposed to urban settings make these cost-effective public health interventions in the long-term if done correctly from the outset. The multidisciplinary and multi-sectorial group of stakeholders recognized the need for a tool that provided the opportunity to trial and evaluate different scenarios focused on walkability metrics prior to building infrastructure. Features of the tool that were highly regarded by this group were the rapid testing of multiple scenarios, data flexibility, inbuilt user specifications, and metric outputs. Indeed, end users have already applied the tool to model potential train station nodes and potential pedestrian walkways in the North West Metropolitan region of Melbourne.
The ability to design environments that facilitate walking from home to local employment and education, shops, services, and public transport has important far-reaching implications for social determinants of health. Globally, physical inactivity accounts for approximately 9% of deaths per year (~5.3 million people) attributed to non-communicable diseases. Therefore, modest increases in walking across populations will generate substantial health benefits, as well as broader upstream gains if the environment supports access to important infrastructure such as local employment, health care, and education. Furthermore, higher levels of walking have been associated with increased social cohesion (an important predictor of mental health), and reduced reliance on motor vehicles, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions and minimizing fuel vulnerabilities[47, 48]. These issues are of critical importance as 'affordable' housing green-field developments are frequently located on urban fringes. Such developments often have limited access to public transport, shops and services resulting in higher levels of car dependency, increased vehicle miles travelled, and lower levels of active forms of travels for residents of urban sprawl. Furthermore, although confirmatory longitudinal studies are still needed for certainty, emerging evidence suggests a causal relationship with the built environment influencing physical activity behaviors[51–53]. Therefore supposing the model assumptions are valid, we can reasonably expect that creating more walkable environments, either virtually or physically, will lead to increases in simulated or actual walking levels, respectively.
Although agent-based modeling is not a new concept, its use is not widespread in many disciplines, including public health; therefore there may be some initial conceptual challenges when people from other disciplines are introduced to the tool. However, because of its predefined interface functionality and link to open source datasets, the tool is fairly simple to manipulate for those without geographical expertise. Nevertheless, many challenges existed for this simple agent-based walkable network tool, including being able to: 1) source and utilize a wide range of spatial data, where access may differ between users; 2) be operationalized by users with limited spatial or software engineering expertise; and 3) ensure meaningful outputs that relate to multidisciplinary policies and practices. As such, the tool was designed to accommodate a range of data and was developed through an interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure that outputs were useable and informative.
The uptake of the tool is dependent upon spatial data availability and the sustainability of the AURIN program; however there is potential for users to upload their own open-source data layer. This reduces the risk of road network data being unavailable. However, we faced substantial challenges when attempting to access more refined data layers (e.g., sidewalks). For example, sidewalk data were available in some, but not all of the trial areas. When sidewalk data were available, they did not connect to centerlines as they do with a road network; therefore sidewalks would need to be manually connected to centerlines before uploading into the tool. As such, additional resources will need to be allocated as the complexity of the tool increases. Having the ability to import more detailed sidewalk data into the tool will support the development of a pedestrian network, providing greater accuracy in modeling pedestrian movements. This has prompted the Municipal Association of Victoria to develop a working group to standardize and optimize sidewalk data collection across the region.
There is much scope to increase the sophistication and relevance of this tool. First, currently the tool only includes a limited number of objective measures of the environment. Other measures could be explored, such as crime, incivilities, aesthetics, greenery, and traffic noise, both objectively and subjectively. Each of these variables have been associated with the likelihood of walking, and research has shown substantial differences can exist between objective and subjective (perceived) measures of crime and incivilities. In future such measures could be modeled, with changes to agents' walking behaviors informed by research based on level of exposure for a given environmental attribute. For example, separate models could be tested to explore different associations for distinctive populations (e.g., women's walking levels decline at a lower perceptions of crime threshold than men's). Second, as mentioned previously, importing clean sidewalk data would enable the pedestrian network to be modeled, rather than using the road network, and this would provide a more accurate representation of pedestrian flow. Third, this tool is presently deployed as a simple model, but future versions could extend to complex agents. This could include training agents' movements by calibrating and validating behaviors based on survey data and creating a synthetic population for a given study area. Complex agent-based models have been used to simulate land use and transport dynamics in urban environments (e.g., UrbanSim, TransSim, MATSim)[55–57], but thus far have not considered walkability. As such, our research provides an important first step in building an agent-based model 'walkability' simulation component that could in future form a module in one of these more comprehensive toolkits. Fourth, it remains to be tested whether simple agents' behaviors across the different virtual interventions translate to similar pedestrian behaviors in a real-world setting. By using tools such as global positioning systems (GPS), it is now possible to compare free-living pedestrian behaviors with simple agents' navigation of virtual environments prior to staging an intervention. These GPS data could then be used to test the validity of model assumptions and refine the agent-based model assumptions, especially in relation to urban characteristics known to influence walkability (i.e., residential density, land use mix, street connectivity)[6–8]. Last, this tool has been designed to be used in conjunction with an open-source 'walkability index' as part of a 'walkability toolkit' that will be housed in the AURIN portal. Therefore, these tools have been designed to: first, identify the existing walkability of a given area (walkability index); and second, to examine how these areas can be manipulated to modify the walkable catchment area (basic agent-based walkable network tool).
To conclude, this simple agent-based walkable network tool has the potential to be not only a powerful urban design tool that builds on existing walkability measures, but also an influential planning and public health advocacy tool. The open-access nature of the tool means that it is available to those who have access to a standard computer configuration and modern internet browser. This project demonstrates the benefits of bringing together multiple data sources, disciplines, and sectors to respond to challenges faced in urban planning and policy. Furthermore, there is much scope to extend this tool, including incorporating diverse spatial and non-spatial data and integration with other tools developed through this project and the more commonly used walkability index. Together, this has much potential to facilitate the development of more walkable and accessible neighborhoods, and around key destinations of interest.
This project was supported by the Australian National Data Service (ANDS) and the Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network (AURIN) through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy Program and the Education Investment Fund (EIF) Super Science Initiative. BGC is supported by an NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship (#1004900). Thanks go to the open source software providers the basic agent-based walkable network tool was developed through (GeoTools, OpenLayer, JTS, GeoJSN), the project champions (Jim Betts, Christine Kilmartin, Billie Giles-Corti) and stakeholder working group participants, and the wider project team based at the McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, Faculty of Architecture, Building, and Planning, and the Centre for Spatial Data and Land Administration at the University of Melbourne.
HB drafted the manuscript; SE, HB and MW managed the project; GM developed the tool; and all authors provided intellectual contributions for the tool development, critically revised manuscript drafts, and read and approved the final version of the manuscript.


Do you use an air conditioner in your home? Although air filters are most commonly associated with air purifiers, they are also used on a wide range of other products, including air conditioners. If you are noticing that your air conditioner isn't producing as good of results as it use to, you may want to think about buying a replacement. Of course, it is more than okay to buy a new air conditioning unit, but you may first want to take a quick look at your filter. It may need to be cleaned or replaced.
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Forum » General Wargaming Discussions » Ebay Bidding Activity » Med Tec....dodgy !
Rackham never released this !
It looks genuine, It has all the bits that come with the Medtec, Perhaps it's just a boxed item we haven't seen before.
There are civil engineers in the box instead of nurses !
And 3 double walls instead of 2.
Hi Guys ... If u look at his other eBay items, he's just misplaced the cards & mixed up the medTec doc/nurses with the Frostbite engineers, silly-billy that he is! ... I've PM'd him to let him know.
He might put some new images up or add in txt at the bottom of the item to let everyone know.
Rackham! ... they couldn't even get the number of dWalls right on the back of the packaging, what chance the rules!?
You only get 2 double-walls in the rules.
...........................Well spotted on the mix up Walts.


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