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Robert Englund and the Queer Side of Freddy Krueger
Originally Published: The Advocate 10/29/15
Robert Englund says he suspected A Nightmare on Elm Street was destined to have a large gay fan following when he saw several drag queens dressed as his costar Heather Langenkamp's character, Nancy Thompson, at a costume party in 1985.
"I remember I went to a party for Halloween in Hollywood shortly after the first Nightmare came out, and there were already men doing drag as Nancy — full drag, in the pajamas with the embroidery, and the white streak in the hair," he says. "It was fabulous!"
Looking back more than 30 years after the first film in the franchise slashed its way into pop culture history, Englund has a theory why the first heroine of Elm Street and the actress who played her fiercely resonated with gay horror fans.
"There's always been a great affection in the gay community, and I share this from my point of view as a heterosexual, for the survivor and the diva," he says. "That strong woman thing that gay men in the '40s and '50s identified with in actresses like Joan Crawford and Bette Davis, there was a transference going on in the early '80s because there was no Bette Davis then. I think young teen boys and girls in the late '70s and early '80s who were gay made their transference with characters like the survivor girl, which is a great ingredient of the horror movie, starting with Jamie Lee Curtis and coming to full blossom with Heather's character in Nancy."
"Plus Heather has got a bit of that Judy Garland in The Wizard of Oz element to her," he adds. "So that area where gay culture and Hollywood crossover, Heather inherited some of those fans and I think that's why Nancy became that supplemental diva for the gay community."
While Nancy hooked a new generation of gay horror fans in the original Elm Street adventure, it was the film's first sequel that reeled them in for more. A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge took a bold turn by replacing the traditional "final girl" with male protagonist Jesse Walsh, played by gay actor Mark Patton. The movie also contained gay subtext purposefully woven into the script by screenwriter David Chaskin, which was further highlighted by stylistic choices made during filming. Most members of the sequel's production team have denied they were aware of the gay undertones throughout Nightmare 2 over the years. But Englund tells another story and admits he intentionally worked to bring the film's subtext closer to the surface.
"I was aware of it and I think people were more aware than they disclose now," he says wryly. "Certainly in the staging of scenes like where Jesse crawls into his best friend's bedroom and gets in bed with him. It's this great 50/50 shot, it's sexy, and it's redolent with the undercurrent of that scene. My interpretation of what Freddy was doing throughout the film was he was picking up on that subtext, on the boy's latency. He was exploiting that and teasing Mark's character with it."
He stops and chuckles, adding, "I certainly remember asking the director if I could get real sexy with Mark's mouth in another scene — that moment where Freddy literally circumscribes Mark's mouth with the blade. In that moment it's real. Is Freddy going to kiss him? Is it an oral sex innuendo? I remember wanting the audience to go crazy with that and playing with the fact that Freddy is in the libido. He's in the subconscious and playing with it all the time." (Englund discusses Nightmare 2's queer subtext in greater detail in Mark Patton's upcoming documentary Scream, Queen! My Nightmare on Elm Street.)
Englund says his ease recognizing queer culture wasn't exactly common among his heterosexual peers in the days when Freddy started frightening filmgoers. But the man who began to study acting at the age of 12 and later honed his craft at a U.S. branch of London's Royal Academy of Dramatic Art attributes that portion of his education to the many gay friends he made during the early days of his career.
"I'm an old theater boy, and the theater has always been welcoming to everyone. It's just the nature of theater," he says. "So I had many gay friends and I crashed on couches at their houses when I started out as a working actor. I was embraced by those people and they were the ones who taught me about the clues and cues in Vincente Minnelli films as well as the nods and winks in George Cukor films. They absolutely influenced me as an actor and as a person."
A specific memory springs to mind, and he giggles as he indulges in the nostalgic moment. "In fact, my first time in New York I was staying with a buddy who was one of the stars of Fortune in Men's Eyes and his roommate, Bobby, who happened to be gay, favored mink coats, and could make the best poor man's tequila sunrise with lemonade and orange juice. I remember saying 'Bobby, show me New York,' and the next thing I knew I was being squired about the city by this gorgeous 6-foot-6 man in a floor-length mink."
Years later, as one nightmare was catapulting Englund to international fame, he watched in horror as another began destroying many of his closest friends and colleagues.
"I think people tend to forget it was a different atmosphere for gay people in the '70s before AIDS. It may have been a kind of 'don't ask, don't tell time,' but it also seemed to be a much kinder, gentler time — especially in the cities were I worked like New York, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. I truly believe there was a time where the door was opening and you could see the sunlight," he says, as his voice shifts into a somber tone. "But that all changed in the '80s and there was a huge backsliding in American culture. The fearmongering that came with that plague was palpable. Even people you thought knew better ended up succumbing to that fear."
The growing homophobia and panic AIDS brought with it angered Englund, and he recalls the exact moment he realized the epidemic had become a full-blown crisis. "I remember being in a dive bar with Fisher Stevens and my then-girlfriend in New Haven. We were rehearsing a play and Fisher made a phone call to Harvey Fierstein. Harvey told him how distraught he was because he'd been going to a funeral every day," Englund says. "And all the undergraduates that were in theater technical departments — costuming, wardrobe, lighting, scenic design — they were all being drafted out of school to go to work on Broadway because the body count was so high. I realized New York was absolutely being devastated by AIDS. I'll never forget that phone call because that's when it hit me, the statistics of it. It really hit me."
While the mid-'80 were a harrowing time, Englund says he's thankful he was able to be an essential part of films from that era that resonated with people from "outsider" communities.
"Early on, the Nightmare on Elm Street films were seen as a sort of outsider art before they became overhyped, and they were embraced by various cultures — not just gay culture, but piercing culture, goth culture, the blends of those cultures, heavy metal kids, and so on. And I became embraced as an outsider actor-artist for a lot of those fans too," he explains. "I think a lot of my fan base, and Nightmare's came from people who felt like an outsider in some way in their early life. I love that people found safety in others like them through my films or learned about them from a fellow outsider friend, big brother, or partner they would cuddle with as they watched those movies on an old battered VHS tape somewhere in the Midwest where they couldn't really be themselves in the open."
The 68-year-old actor-director says affecting the lives of fans has been one of the most rewarding aspects of his career, and he gives a lot of credit to A Nightmare on Elm Street creator Wes Craven for not only giving him the opportunity to slip on the glove of Freddy Krueger, but reminding him of the joys of genre cinema.
"I'd become quite the theater snob, and when I started working with Wes he gave me a new respect for horror, science fiction, and fantasy as an equal opportunity partner in the history of Hollywood," Englund says of Craven, who died in August of cancer. "I had forgotten about the joy of movies in my childhood. He reminded me of the Hammer films I'd seen at the drive-in and the nights I'd have sleepovers at my buddy's house, lying around in a mid-century den with us in our crummy Sears sleeping bags, eating popcorn as we watched the unedited King Kong on CBS at 11:15 at night. Wes reminded me of how excited I was as a boy watching those movies and how they impacted my imagination. He taught me to respect, trust, and love those memories. That's the gift he gave me."
Though Wes Craven is no longer with us and Englund is happily retired from playing the character that made him a horror icon, he knows Freddy Krueger's reign of terror will continue well into the future. Not even Hollywood's failed attempt to reboot A Nightmare on Elm Street in 2010 has been able to defeat the burned boogeyman. New Line Cinema recently announced a new installment in Freddy's franchise is in the works. Englund speculates the new film won't be another remake of the original and hopes instead for a bolder choice: a new film based on Nightmare 2 that embraces the 1985 sequel's gay subtext.
"I think it would be real interesting to see, in this day and age, how they would treat the relationship between the two boys," he says. "I think the main character would need to be closeted in the beginning, and at the other end of the arc, in his battling of Freddy, he knows who he is. He comes to terms with it and he's proud of it. Instead of the survivor girl, we have the survivor boy. I'd like to see a new film going where the original logically leads. I certainly think audiences are ready for that."


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Climate Gore
I've been maintaining blog-silence this month while I get this year's Index of Leading Environmental Indicators in the can (bonus: this year's edition will include a short film on DVD starring Yours Truly), but a couple of things compel me to pop my head above the parapet to comment.
Yesterday's Wall Street Journal carried an op-ed column (not available to non-subscribers so I'm skipping a link) from Bjorn Lomborg recounting how Al Gore had ducked out of a previously arranged interview with a Danish newspaper when he found out that Lomborg would be doing the interview. As chance would have it, I spent the afternoon with Lomborg just last week in Zurich going over questions he should ask Gore. (What were you doing in Zurich?--Ed. Lomborg and I were stuffing our Swiss bank accounts with all the ExxonMobil moolah they've been shoveling our way. . . Just kidding. I couldn't resist the thought of NLT trolls heads exploding. Bjorn and I were speakers at a conference sponsored by this Swiss think tank.)* I'm not surprised Gore backed out; he is not very good at answering challenges to his extreme climate gore, so he ducks more debates than Jimmy Carter.
Word around Hollywood is that "An Inconvenient Truthiness" is a shoe-in for the Oscar for best documentary. Which leads me to wonder: rumors are going around Washington that Gore is quietly contacting key Democrats to sound them out about running. Might Gore use the Oscar microphone to announce his candidacy? Where can you have a bigger audience aside from American Idol? Think of how the Hollywood crowd would go nuts if Gore did it. It would also be a way of eclipsing Obamamania. I'd almost be willing to quote odds on this idea.
Meanwhile, Rich Karlgaard points to a possible problem for Gore: his involvement in whitewashing Apple's options backdating problem. Now, this is one of those lovely "hoist-by-their-own-petard" situations, since the people who froth the most about this problem are Gore's constituencies. Couldn't happen to a more deservedly unctuous person.
Finally, is Al Gore actually a harbinger of a new ice age, or is he the Real Mr. Freeze of Batman comics? Several journalists have noted that everywhere Gore goes, he seems to bring record cold temperatures with him. There's now even an entry about "the Gore Effect" in The Urban Dictionary (a kind of alternative Wikipedia), defined as "The well documented phenomenon that leads to very low, unseasonal temperatures, driving rain, hail, snow or all of the above whenever Al Gore visits an area to discuss global warming'."
*P.S. I regaled my Swiss hosts with Robin Williams' old jokes about how wonderful it is that the basic weapon of the Swiss army--the famous knife--comes with a corkscrew. (Their marching chant goes: "I don't know but I've been told/Chardonnay should be served cold.") I was archly told that only officers are issued Swiss army knives with corkscrews. Which makes it even funnier if you ask me.
5:58 AM / January 19, 2007
Did Al Gore visit Oklahoma? Because the snow here is really making people loose their cool... What in Ohio might have brought about a 2 hour delay on the first day...has instead kept school canceled with talks of canceling spring break...plus with more snow on the way Oklahomans are starting to think that it is a sign of the end times. There is even snow and freezing rain in the forcast in Nothern Texas.
Posted 9:03 AM / January 19, 2007 | Reply
Daniel K.
Oil company money? I knew it! I KNEW IT!
-Loyal troll, happy to oblige.
Posted 12:46 PM / January 19, 2007 | Reply
Craig Scanlon
Nice pre-emptive attack on the "trolls" (aka "anyone who disagrees"), Steven. I guess if you were to seriously concede even the POSSIBILITY that some of your AEI compensation originated from Exxon, then it might raise my brow, and I might be surprised, but I doubt my head would explode.
I had noticed the here-and-gone press accounts (and thought this might account for your low profile of late). I also took a look at UCS's report, and noticed that you are working or have worked for at least 3 of the groups which have been funded by Exxon (Heritage, AEI, and Pacific RIPP) - at least 4 if Fraser Institute is included. And global warming skepticism has been integral to a lot of your output.
But I'm sure you've maintained plausible deniability throughout the entire term of Exxon's campaign, which, if this account is to be believed, could be coming to an end, at least for "five or six" of the groups they've been funding (that still leaves a good number of groups). Odds are that your paychecks come from AEI and whatever other groups, and don't say "Exxon" at the top, and a "Thanks, Steven, for helping us flim-flam Americans on this one!" on the memo line at the bottom. I'm sure you simply do the work that interests you, and AEI is happy to release it...for whatever reason. But Bjorn Lomborg, Steven? He's a semi-interesting scientist - a political scientist - but not real credible.
Posted 3:58 PM / January 19, 2007 | Reply
Who needs a hook, line and sinker when big fish like Craig jump willingly into the basket. Well, at least you're reading NLT, which is good.
Now let's put an end to this ad hominem nonsense once and for all. For the record, no single donor (that means Exxon) accounts for even 1% of AEI's budget, so you can do the math about my salary. More precisely, I am the F.K. Weyerhaeuser Chair at AEI, paid entirely by an endowment from Fred Weyerhaeuser back in the 1970s, so technically speaking I get nothing from Exxon (and I now longer draw a salary from PRI in San Francisco). Before you whoop and holler about Weyerhaeuser (and I little or no work on forestry issues, by the way), there is also an F.K. Weyerhaeuser Chair at Yale, set up at the same time, so I assume that any allegations of corruption will be applied equally to Yale University.
Lomborg? Not credible? Must come as news to Cambridge Univeristy Press, which sent out his book to four peer reviewers before publication, all of whom found it perfectly credible. Also a surprise to the four Nobel Prize winners who endorsed his Copenhagen Consensus finding that climate change ranked low in the scale of sensible global policy priorities. Lomborg, by the way, describes himself as a vegetarian homosexual socialist. Just what does a fellah have to do to make you guys happy, anyway?
For the record, IF the computer models are right (a big IF), we can expect about 2 degrees further warming at the end of this century, probably less. There. I said it. How is that denial? What does the "consensus" science of the IPCC say about this much warming? Their 2001 report says that damages outweighing benefits don't begin until temperature change rises above 2 degrees. Read it for yourself. I have. (Rumors are, by the way, that the next IPCC report, due in full in November, is going to LOWER both its temperature forecast and the proportion of human influence on climate change. Heh.)
We know that the world's climate has changed, fluctuated, over the centuries - a once flourishing viniculture in England, then crushingly cold winters that killed it, for a small and bloggable example out of many. How do we come to decide that man is a factor in global climate change when there are so many other, bigger and surely therefore more likely, natural factors? I have heard of the possible effects of sun spot activity, or undersea volcanic activity that might just be the hot core of the earth venting itself (surely a good thing) and warming the Pacific Ocean, or wobbles in the Earth's orbit of the sun, all sorts of big things that would seem to have more effect on climate than aerosol spray cans or freon escaping from refrigerators. If Al Gore (I did read the article in the WSJ) is citing micro-climate changes (John Lewis, Ohio had an amazingly temperate winter until this week) as if they were pandemic problems where they do not really apply, then what is he doing that for, except, perhaps for self-aggrandizement? It seems to me that a guy who would drag the country through those stupid election challenges of 2000 might claim ANYTHING of his own foregone conclusions.
dain
Ouch! The Craigtroll takes a torp amidships! I do like your style, Steve...a man after my own heart.
It is likely that we have influenced the global climate, but then again, so did cyano-bacteria! So do tropical rainforests. So does all life (anyone ever heard of the Gaia hypothesis...crazy stuff, but a grain of truth). The real fight is what to do about it. Sensible people (i.e., many people on the right) think that a gradual phase-out of fossil fuels would probably be a good thing (not just environmentally, but politically as well), and the best way to do that is the marketplace (perhaps with a nudge or two from government). The radical environmentalist agenda...backdoor socialism, forced deindustrialization, massive government regulation...is nutty (Al Gore's speciality).
Now here's a fun factoid: According to NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, the warm winter temperatures have lowered energy consumption in the US by 13.5 percent. See the fifth paragraph of this NOAA site. Go global warming??
So, if we use less fossil fuels, we redress the issue and global warming will stop? Earth in (forget "the") Balance?
Why do we still call them "fossil fuels"? Hydrocarbons are everywhere and I'm sorry, that I can't (or don't want to, needing to get on with things today) find anything better or more recent to make the point.
Posted 10:04 AM / January 20, 2007 | Reply
Not quite, but it is an interesting paradox often left out of account in the modeling of these things.
As I understood it, the biggest threat to mankind was ManBearPig (half-man, half-bear, half-pig).
I'm not sure if you've really disproved that you're operating at the bidding of Exxon and co. there, but, sorry, whether you do it for money or do it for free doesn't make your analyses any more worthwhile, believable, or trustworthy than any other non-scientist's.
The question is, who are people going to trust? The book from Lomborg, a political scientist statistician, elicited this from the Danish Committee for Scientific Dishonesty, which Lomborg himself describes as "a national review body, with considerable authority":
"the publication is deemed clearly contrary to the standards of good scientific practice" and "there has been such perversion of the scientific message in the form of systematically biased representation that the objective criteria for upholding scientific dishonesty ... have been met"
While Lomborg doesn't really cut it as a scientist of anything but the political kind (Lomborg himself admits in his preface, "I am not myself an expert as regards environmental problems"), certainly you would be at least as far removed from the realm of scientific expertise, if not more so. Yes, of course, Al Gore is not a scientist either (and believe it or not, I've never seen "An Inconvenient Truth"). But the vast majority of climate scientists are in strong disagreement with your and Mr. Lomborg's views, and back up Mr. Gore's evaluation (from what I've read of things), whatever flaws he may have personally. An introductory skewering of Lomborg's book, for example, written by a real scientist, (the guy who actually edited The Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather!), said this:
"Before providing specifics of why I believe each of these assertions is fatally flawed, I should say something about Lomborg's methods. First, most of his nearly 3,000 citations are to secondary literature and media articles. Moreover, even when cited, the peer-reviewed articles come elliptically from those studies that support his rosy view that only the low end of the uncertainty ranges will be plausible. IPCC authors, in contrast, were subjected to three rounds of review by hundreds of outside experts. They didn't have the luxury of reporting primarily from the part of the community that agrees with their individual views."
and, this too, is quite interesting:
"For such an interdisciplinary topic, the publisher would have been wise to ask natural scientists as well as social scientists to review the manuscript, which was published by the social science side of the house. It's not surprising that the reviewers failed to spot Lomborg's unbalanced presentation of the natural science, given the complexity of the many intertwining fields. But that the natural scientists weren't asked is a serious omission for a respectable publisher such as Cambridge University Press."
Continuing with the "who should be trusted?" question, it is not ad hominem to point out that some types of expertise are relevant to an issue and some aren't. I trust I needn't get into further details.
Also, whether Lomborg describes himself as a "vegetarian homosexual socialist" or as a lampshade has no bearing on the question of whether he's done serious science to reach valid scientific conclusions.
KATE - You might be interested in this fairly recent article about the significance of past English viniculture (written by....a climate modeller at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies!). There are more vineyards in England now than ever before. I'll leave it to Steven to evaluate their flavor and greatness, or lack thereof.
Craig Scanlon, Thank you, I did like that article. It was a very pleasant read: the article, his links and the comments that followed. All of those argued the point pretty thoroughly, but did not exactly disprove natural climate change.
There are vineyards in Northeast Ohio, which can have brutally cold winters. Some grape varieties do very well in this climate and some wineries up here make good wines. The vintners up here say it is not just a question of climate, but also one of proper soil.
Kate - Glad you liked the article on English wine production. Whether or not it disproved natural climate change (and I don't think that was the author's intention; few climate scientists DO dispute that natural climate changes occur, and Schmidt himself points out 4 major periods of (natural) global warming in his article, so he's not in denial about natural warming), I'm still at a loss as to why you made a claim for "a once flourishing viniculture in England, then crushingly cold winters that killed it..." (Was England ever known for "crushingly cold winters", at least, has it been since the ice age? - it certainly isn't known for them now) The article's author, Gavin Schmidt, said it best:
"If they [English vineyards] are a good proxy [for long term temperature trends], then England is warmer now, and if they are not.... well, why talk about them in this context at all?
There is a bigger issue of course. For the sake of argument, let's accept that medieval times were as warm in England as they are today, and even that global temperatures were similar (that's a much bigger leap, but no mind). What would that imply for our attribution of current climate changes to human causes? ....... Nothing. Nowt. Zero. Zip."
Hey, trollboy, instead of the blanket condemnation, how about a couple of examples of how Lomborg made egregious errors? I own his book, and I'd love to see some honest critique (for a change).
As far as his credentials, I doubt that matters. Even when someone has the appropriate credentials, if he/she doesn't sign off on global warming he/she is branded a "maverick" or worse. I might also note that hundreds of these climate scientists are pumping the Federal Govt for grant money to study GW...the thing is a massive cash cow for the scientific community. How come you Lefties don't ever accuse them of "vested interests?"
[Perhaps Mr. Bramaged should read the Scientific American article that I linked to previously. I suppose there may also be a scientist somewhere who, in his spare time, argues that the Sun revolves around the Earth. He/she should not be lauded (branded??) as a brave, bold "maverick" any more than Lomborg and his handful of disciples, who get disproportionately more ink and attention - from the "liberally-biased MSM" - than the thousands of actual scientists who study the global warming phenomenon.]
Fact: Climate Change is happening.
Fact: We are beginning to feel the effects of climate change now and "Generation Next" is going to have to deal with it.
Fact: The Ozone hole is fixing itself.
Debated: Nature or Man is to blame?
Now, yes, studies show that the climate of the world has changed before, usually on small, gradual scales. Nearly every study also shows that man's actions and innovations in the 20th century also added to pollution and have added to the warming of the planet-- we just don't know if it will effect things like most of the scientific community warns us it will, or if the changes will be on a smaller scale.
Now, I have to bring up the Ozone thing. We learned that we put a hole in the Ozone, and we banned the main chemical responsible for it and now the hole is fixing itself. It should be back to normal by ~2050 (I think). So there is an example of mankind putting things into the atmosphere and damaging it, then removing the things damaging it and nature fixing itself.
Now, Mr. Gore seems to maintain that climate change will probably lead to the destruction of the planet. I sincerely doubt that. While many would die and the planet be radically altered, the world will eventually fix itself as usual. He also maintains that if we start capping things now, we'll "fix" the problem before it gets worse. Again, I disagree. IF mankind is responsible, our actions are probably irreversible by this point. IF nature is mainly responsible... well... In Mankind vs. Nature on a large scale, mankind doesn't tend to be completely victorious.
So, either way, the climate is changing. What the government needs to do is stop bickering over who is responsible and start finding a way to prepare for it--- like some northern European government (can't remember which) that recently took the seeds of hundreds of thousands of plants on the planet and stuck it in a bunker buried deep beneath a mountain as a "just in case." Also, climate change is going to cost us a LOT of money in the future. We need to find a way to prepare the global economy for that.
Actually, ROB, the most recent science show some terrifying abrupt climate shifts long before man had anything to do with it...watch the Discovery Channel.
Trollboy, you're right, I missed that link. Well, upon reading it, I have to say that I'm not impressed. It's exactly this kind of PC slam-job that forced me to drop my subscription...that and stupid social science articles.
So, let's see...we have 4 reviewers, the most notable being Bongaarts and Lovejoy. Lovejoy's biodiversity "critique" looks best of all...the others are of the "magnifying glass & tweezers" variety. Things like "he should have also added."
The Bongaarts' critique is the most laughable. It's true, having children retards economic growth, but I notice he doesn't mention the large body of literature that demonstrates how labor force/adult population growth is ESSENTIAL for economic growth...not a word. He also slams population density in very Malthusian terms, but clearly clueless on real history. Let's look at history, shall we TB? All the great civilizations, Greece, Rome, China, India...all had one thing in common: they were much more densely settled that the unorganized territories around them. Even today, where are the poorest places on earth? In Asia? No, they are in Africa...in the desert, with very low population densities. It takes people to create wealth and its byproducts like art and science. Bongaarts is a typical demographer..couldn't find his butt with both hands.
I'll check out the biodiversity arguments, but I doubt they'll hold water. Scientific American smeared Lomborg...standard operating procedure for the GW crowd.
Yes, thus I said "usually on small, gradual scales" because certain things like massive volcanic explosions and the like have caused more radical shifts in the past.
Craig Scanlon, I meant the href="http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/mandias/lia/little_ice_age.html">Little IceAge, and no, England has not been known for nasty winters since the mid 1800's. They have the Gulf Stream to keep them warm, as they are actually as far north as Quebec, but are much warmer. They are further north than where I live, and as I said, we have some really cold winters here, though not this one. Grapes grew in England in the Medieval Warm Period, and then didn't do so well in the Little Ice Age. Some winters were cold enough to freeze off the vines.
This is about New York, but neatly explains about how some plants flourish in an area when the climate is one way, and do not when the something like a Little Ice Age comes along.
I really like that Real Climate site as it gives me scientific articles to back up what I merely knew from art, history and literature. However, I do not see how historical and literary information about natural phenomenon can be discarded.
But I have more questions: Doesn't mankind adapt to climate change? I mean, haven't we in the past, just made to shifts in agriculture, preferring different breeds of farm animals over others, and so on, just changing gradually with the gradual climate changes? Why wouldn't it be easier now, given what we know from the past, and with science? The focus in these articles I have been reading this weekend focus on stopping that which seems to be unstoppable. Why aren't we simply looking to adapt? I suppose that's R.O.B.'s point, and I like it.
Don't you just hate it when you think you have some comment nice and tidy and then "add" it and find it is a mess?
Yes, that was pretty much my point. We need to stop worrying about stopping it and start preparing for it. There are things we know from history that we can prepare with (like you said, adapting agriculture to climate change), and then certain things we can predict that we can prepare for (like rising ocean tides that will cause a refugee crisis in southern Asia and slightly change the coastlines of most nations). I mean, we have the technology to do it now. Putting aside the ethical argument at the moment, if we wanted to save species of animals that will die due to global warming for future generations we can just get their DNA and save the genetic information to be cloned. Now, while some people may not be entirely for that, it's just an example of what we can do to get ready for things, because at it is right, you people who have been in charge of things for a while now are leaving those of us who are going to inherit this thing without much to go on.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: FirebaseError: Firebase: firebase.messaging() takes either no argument or a Firebase App instance. (app/invalid-app-argument) When I try to get firebase messaging token on flutter web using code below, I get error outlined in the title of the question, that firebase messaging takes no arguments or firebase app as an argument
try {
    print(await messaging.getToken(vapidKey: kIsWeb ? VAPID_KEY : null));
  } catch (e) {
    print(e);
  }

A: Try these versions:
  firebase_messaging: ^13.0.1
  firebase_core: ^1.22.0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Az Eszperantó park szövegű névtáblákat Miskolctapolcán a fürdő melletti park füvéről a Termál- és barlangfürdő melletti Vízművek kerítésére helyezték át, ahonnan egy idő múlva eltávolították őket. A magyar nyelvű táblát később a Győri kapu úton, a Szent Anna tér közelében egy beton villanyoszlopon helyezték el. 2007-ben az Eszperantó Parknál mindkét irányba kihelyezték a névtáblákat, melyek igen jól láthatók. A 20. században pezsgő eszperantó nyelvi és kulturális mozgalom színhelye volt Miskolc, ma már kisebb számban működnek ott eszperantisták, de speciális tagozatok is vannak, például a Vasutas Eszperantisták Miskolci Egyesülete (VEME).

Története

Betekintés a miskolci eszperantáliákról.

1957–1961
Észak-magyarországi Eszperantó találkozókról:

Eszperantó tér, Eszperantó forrás, Zámenhof utca

Találkozó Miskolcon Eszperantó tér

Az 1957. év legnagyobb eseménye az I. Észak-magyarországi Eszperantó Találkozó volt Miskolcon 1957. július 13-14-én. Ezt megelőzően megalakult a Kossuth u. 11. sz. alatt újra 1957 májusában az Eszperantó csoport és a Rendező Bizottság. Annak ellenére, hogy előtte két héttel Szegeden volt a Dél-magyarországi Találkozó és az országban járvány volt, 150 résztvevő volt jelen. A Verda Vojo júliusi száma tele volt miskolci érdekességekkel, jórészt Király Lajos tollából. Az augusztusi számban Temesi István részletes beszámolója következik.

A program szerint az Eszperantó teret Király Lajos avatta fel, ő elnökölt az ülésen, ahol Baghy Gyula, a Magyar Eszperantó Tanács elnöke mondta az ünnepi beszédet. Felszólalt Márton Lajos, az Országos Eszperantó Tanács főtitkára és Balkányi Pál az Eszperantó Békeszervezet nevében. A vasutasok szakülését Bácskay István vezette. A remek kiállítást Radnay Vilmos rendezte. A találkozón részt vett Kovács Tódor az akkor élő legrégebbi magyar eszperantista is. A találkozóról a Miskolci Rádió és az Észak-Magyarország c. újság is hírt adott. Emelte a találkozó tekintélyét az, hogy az Észak-Magyarország hasábjain Király Lajos cikkei jelentek meg az eszperantó nyelv történetéről és irodalmáról. Az országos jellegű találkozónak szervező ereje is volt, népes tanfolyam indult újra a MÁV Erkel Ferenc Kultúrházban /Király Lajos vezette 32 fővel/ és megalakult a második Vasutas Eszperantó Szakkör a MÁV Miskolci Igazgatóságán 1957. december 21.én.

A Hazafias Városi Bizottsága és a város Békebizottsága mellett megalakult az Eszperantó Békebizottság is, amelynek vezetésére Dr. Győry Nagy Lajos kapott megbízást..."

1969–1976

"Legyünk hálásak, hogy Kalocsay élt"

Vasutas találkozó – Eszperantó park

A miskolci eszperantisták újabb Eszperantó csoporttal gazdagodtak. A Lenke utcai Vörösmarty Művelődési Házban új vasutas csoport alakult. Nagyszabású levelező tanfolyamot hirdet A és B vizsgákra konzultációkkal az Eszperantó Megyei Bizottság. Sikeresen "B" vizsgázott a szirmabesenyői tanítónő, Busai Mária is. A klub vezetősége külön köszöntötte őt.
1969. május 10-én Megyei Eszperantó Tanulmányi Versenyt rendeznek a Földes Ferenc Gimnáziumban. A legjobb 6 az országos versenyen négy díjat szerzett.
1969. júliusban Földi Adrienne képeslapos, prospektusos eszperantó nyelvű előadást tart az 1969. júniusi, holland Leendert van Duijn, Jaap Katoen, Gerard Roelofs és osztrák eszperantistáknál D-ro Adolf Halbedl tett egy hónapos látogatásáról.
A legnagyobb esemény 1969-ben az Országos Vasutas Napra időzített Országos Eszperantó Találkozó volt Miskolcon. Erre a vasutas eszperantó mozgalom 60 éves fennállása és a 3 miskolci vasutas eszperantó szakcsoport ad indokot.
A két napos találkozó gazdag programjából kiemelkedik az ünnepi ülés, az Eszperantó Park felavatása Miskolctapolcán, az aggteleki és lillafüredi kirándulások, kiállítás, melyeken részt vettek az egri eszperantisták is.

Miskolc II. kerületi Tanácstól a Megyei Eszperantó Bizottság Miskolctapolcán Baghy Gyula utca elnevezést kért, azonban ők, a kérés teljesítését csak későbbre ígérték. A már korábban beadott Eszperantó Park elnevezési kérelmet azonban időben jóváhagyták és ezzel Miskolcon már 4-re emelkedett az Eszperantó elnevezések száma. Az Eszperantó Parkot dr. Győry Nagy Lajos avatta fel Miskolctapolcán.
Az országos találkozót a három miskolci vasutas eszperantó csoport és a Borsod Megyei Eszperantó Bizottság összefogása tette sikeressé.

Külföldi vendégek – Gergely Mihály író

A miskolci találkozóra érkezett Hollandiából  K.Gd.Jong, a Vasutas Eszperantó Világszövetség volt elnöke és Hugó Kraus , az Ausztriai Eszperantó Szövetség helyettes elnöke, aki a bécsi kiállításra fényképezett eszperantó helyeket Miskolcon. Miskolcot és környékét, Földi Adrienne mutatta be számukra. Váry Márta vendégül látta Hugo Kraus eszmetársat. Jong úr Dr. Győry Nagy Lajos vendége volt. Jong úr és Hugo Kraus vetített képes előadást tartottak hazájuk szépségeiről és eszperantó életéről.
Kiemelkedő visszhangot keltett a nyékládházai úttörők eszperantó műsora, a bolgár úttörők pedig a szirmabesenyői úttörőkkel eszperantó műsort adtak. Miskolcon

1987–1988

100 éves Zamenhof nyelve, az eszperantó

Hetvenöt év – Miskolcon hat eszperantó elnevezés

A nyelv 100 éves – Jubileum az Országházban

Az 1987. évben ugyanolyan ünnepi hangulat uralkodott az egész világon, mint 1959-ben, amikor Varsóban Zamenhof – a nyelv alkotójának születése 100. évfordulójára emlékeztek. Most az eszperantó első nyelvkönyvének 100 éve történt megjelenését ünnepelték.
Ha valaki megnézi közelről Miskolcon az Eszperantó tér márványtáblájának szövegét, ott a 70. évfordulóra emlékezést találja ''1957. július 13-i'' keltezéssel, az I. Észak-magyarországi Eszperantó Találkozó napjával. A jubileum évében Miskolcon is a helyi évfordulókra emlékeznek és igyekszenek ennek a kiadványaikban is helyet adni. Sok miskolci eszperantista utazott a varsói jubileumi Világkongresszusra, az Ora Duopo Kalocsay-Baghy Eszperantó Csoportból is.

A jubileum érződik az Ora Duopo Kalocsay-Baghy Eszperantó Csoport programfüzetéből is: Zamenhof utcai, Eszperantó téri, Baghy Gyula utcai emléktáblák megkoszorúzása, visszaemlékezések, újságcikkek, leírások. Emléktáblák gondozása. Megemlékezés a Kossuth utcai Eszperantó csoportról. A lillafüredi Eszperantó forrás környékének tisztítása. Vetített képes előadás Miskolc eszperantó múltjáról.
A MESZ a Parlamentben rendezi meg jubileumi emlékülését, amelyre valamennyi miskolci eszperantó csoport és a megyei bizottság is meghívást kap. Itt kap megérdemelten Busai Mária kiváló munkáért kitüntetést több mint két évtizedes eszperantista pedagógus munkájáért és Batta Barnabás a ''Világbéke Eszperantó Mozgalom'' kitüntető jelvényét.
1987 elején kezdeményezés történt, hogy dr. Kalocsay Kálmán nevéről utca legyen elnevezve Miskolcon. Ebben az ügyben a Hazafias Népfront Honismereti Munkabizottságának támogatását kéri többször beadványokkal és személyesen a munkaüléseken is a Megyei Eszperantó Bizottság. Az akcióhoz Csiszár Ada segítségét is kérik, aki a Kalocsay életmű gondozója, aki már eddig is értékes adatokat szolgáltatott.

A 75. év – Dr. Kalocsay Kálmán utca

A miskolci eszperantisták mozgalmát itt Miskolcon 1913-tól tartják számon, amikor a Városi Tanács nagytermében az első előadás nyilvánosan elhangzott és ezt nyomban tanfolyam követte. Az azóta eltelt 75 évben a miskolci eszperantisták tevékenyen dolgoztak a békemozgalom, a nyelvoktatás, a turizmus és a kultúra minden területén.
1988 tavaszán végre beért annak a munkának a gyümölcse, amely már egy éve tartott a dr. Kalocsay Kálmán utca elnevezéssel kapcsolatban. Az első javaslatra a ''Miskolci Városi Tanács'' illetékes osztálya nem hagyta jóvá, mivel Miskolcon már van egy Kalocsa utca/a városról elnevezve/. Mivel úgy látszott, hogy ez kizárja később is Kalocsayról utca vagy tér elnevezést, 1988. március 1-jén ennek átkeresztelésére beadványt intéztek a Tanács Közigazgatási Osztályához Gyulai Éva a ''Honismereti Bizottság'' elnöke és a ''Megyei Eszperantó Bizottság'' elnöke: Batta Barnabás aláírásával. Miskolc Megyei Város Tanácsa VB-je 1988. március 17-i ülésén ezt jóváhagyta. Így történt, hogy 1913-ban a miskolci Eszperantó Mozgalom kezdő évében is szerepet játszott a fiatal egyetemista Kalocsay Kálmán és 1988-ban /75 év múlva/ méltán sorakozott fel ''3 eszperantó elnevezés / tér, forrás, park/ után Zamenhof és Baghy Gyula neve mellé Dr. Kalocsay Kálmán.''
1988. március 5-én az ideiglenes emléktábla mellé márványtáblát helyeznek el, melyet Váry Márta és Batta Barnabás avatnak fel, koszorúznak meg, a 100. évforduló jegyében, az avató beszédet Pásztor László, az ''Ora Duopo Kalocsay-Baghy Eszperantó Csoport'' szervező titkára mondta. A szirmabesenyői iskolások adtak ünnepi műsort.

1988-ig az alábbi Eszperantó emlékhelyek léteznek Miskolcon:

 Eszperantó tér – 1957
 Zamenhof utca – 1960
 Eszperantó forrás – 1960
 Eszperantó park – 1969
 Baghy Gyula utca – 1977
 dr. Kalocsay Kálmán utca – 1988
 Korrach Mór utca – 1988

1988-ig az alábbi eszperantisták voltak az Eszperantó Világszövetség /UEA/ miskolci tagjai és küldöttei:
Dr. Győry Nagy István, Dr. Győry Nagy Lajos, Király Lajos, Dr. Gózon Fodor Jolán, Váry Márta, Temesi István, dr. Halász József.

1988-ig a Magyar Eszperantó Szövetség országos választmányának tagjai voltak városunkból:
Dr. Győry Nagy Lajos (1980-ig), Batta Barnabás, Busai Mária és Pásztor László.

Pásztorné Földi Adrienne szerint Tapolcán nemcsak Eszperantó Park volt, hanem Eszperantó Sétány is. Ő azt tapasztalta, hogy egyszer csak eltűntek az ezeket jelölő táblák. Kérdésére senki sem tudott választ adni, mikor, kik szüntették meg azokat, ill. a megszüntetéssel kapcsolatban a város vagy a parkfenntartó szervezet írt-e az akkori vezetőknek vagy sem?
Úgy tudja, hogy a miskolci járműjavítóban készültek a nevet mutató táblák, ezért lehet, hogy a terület elnevezéssel kapcsolatban is ottani illetékesek kaphattak levelet. Annyit tud, hogy az elhalt Temesi István hagyatékában melyet ő nézett át, erre vonatkozó iratot annak idején nem talált, amelyeket egyébként a lánya vitt el mindent, apja halála után, annak lakásából. Úgy véli, hogy amikor ezek az eredetileg zománcozott táblák elrozsdásodtak és nem volt aki ezeket újra cserélje, egyszerűen eltávolították a parkot csúfító táblákat és a nevezett területek más nevet kaptak.

1999-től

1999-ben vette el Miskolc Város Önkormányzata az Eszperantó-tér elnevezést a Szent Anna-templom kérésére, és a teret átkeresztelték ''Szent Anna tér'' névre. Ekkor került az Eszperantó emléktábla a villamospálya másik oldalán levő park menti '''Bársony János utca''i panel-ház falára, mivel az áthelyezés az új lakótelep építése, a régi ház elbontása miatt szükségessé vált. A tábláról ekkor kapta a terület az Eszperantó Park elnevezést. Ennek adminisztrációs ügyeit ''Batta Barnabás, Pál István és dr. Halász József'' intézték.

Pásztorné 2005. májusa óta viseli gondját ennek az 1957-ben emelt és 1999-ben áthelyezett eszperantó emléktáblának. 2007-ben a tábla betűit újra kellett festetni a várossal, mivel a táblán az írás a betűk lekopása miatt már nem volt olvasható.

2005 óta kétszer kellett intézkednie az időnként különböző indokokkal az Eszperantó Park levett és vissza nem helyezett köztéri névtáblájának visszahelyezése érdekében. A legutóbbi újra elhelyezés 2011. decemberben történt, a felújított villamospálya új villanyvezeték tartó oszlopaira a Szent Anna téren az Árvízi emlékművel szemközti oldal autóútja mellett található 3, a város címerével ellátott jelző tábla. Megjegyzem még, hogy ''dr. Győry Nagy Lajos és dr. Kalocsay Kálmán'' indították el Miskolcon az első eszperantó nyelvtanfolyamot 1913-ban. Mivel dr. Kalocsay Kálmán nevét utcanév már őrizte, a városvezetés felé javaslatot tettem köztéri terület elnevezésére dr. Győry Nagy Lajosról. A javaslatot a városvezetés elfogadta, így 2008 augusztusa óta az ''Avas-hegyi'' temető mellett az Avas hegyi borpincékhez vezető lépcsősor elnevezése: dr. Győry Nagy Lajos nevét viseli. A lépcsősor amellett a temető mellett halad, ahol ő nyugszik.

Jegyzetek

Források
 Pál István : A miskolci eszperantó-mozgalom története

További információk

Külső hivatkozások
 Miskolci "Király Lajos" Eszperantó baráti kör (2005)
 Vasutas Eszperantisták Miskolci Egyesülete (VEME)
 dr. Rátkai Árpád Magyarországi eszperantó emlékek.

Kapcsolódó szócikkek
 Miskolc
 Miskolctapolca

Eszperantáliák
Miskolc utcái és terei

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The 1953–54 NHL season was the 37th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Detroit Red Wings defeated the Montreal Canadiens in the final to win the team's sixth championship.

League business
National Hockey League (NHL) team owners gave notice to terminate the professional-amateur agreement with the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA). The Canadian Press reported that the decision was to protect investments into amateur teams and to improve the financial return. The NHL proposed a new national junior ice hockey playoff format solely for teams sponsored by the NHL, instead of the existing Memorial Cup championship. CAHA president W. B. George predicted that the NHL would not last three years without the CAHA, and stated that it would end the current system which allowed a three-game tryout for an amateur with a professional team. In August 1953, the CAHA and NHL agreed in principle to a proposal that resumed east-west transfers of junior players, and increased the amount of profits to junior teams sponsored by the NHL. At the semi-annual meeting, the CAHA agreed to distribute playoffs funds proportional to the profit on a series-by-series basis, but rejected the request to resume transfers from west to east.

Regular season
The New York Rangers decided to drop Gump Worsley and went with Johnny Bower in goal this season. Bower did well, but not well enough to get the Rangers into the playoffs. However, the Rangers managed to come up with a fine rookie in Camille Henry who won the Calder Memorial Trophy.

On December 9, the Montreal Canadiens played the Toronto Maple Leafs at Maple Leaf Gardens and the teams set a record of most penalties in a game. The trouble started when Montreal's Eddie Mazur got into a fight with Toronto's George Armstrong in the first period. Both received game misconduct penalties. Early in the second period, Bud MacPherson broke his stick on the ribs of Toronto's Ron Stewart. He chose not to retaliate until a more opportune time. It came at 18:12 of the third period when Stewart and MacPherson collided again. This time they pushed and shoved and the gloves came off and they began to pummel each other. Tom Johnson came to MacPherson's aid by putting a headlock on Stewart and Stewart threw a punch that landed on Johnson's jaw. Stewart pursued MacPherson again, now that he was in combat with Eric Nesterenko of Toronto and soon the benches emptied and everyone was fighting except Maurice Richard and Tim Horton who merely grabbed each other's sweaters. Referee Frank Udvari handed out 36 penalties, including 15 misconducts for a record 204 minutes in penalties. With almost 2 minutes left in the game, only 8 players from each team excluding the goaltenders Gerry McNeil and Harry Lumley, who did battle in the brawl, were permitted to finish the game. Almost forgotten was that Toronto won the game 3–0.

There were persistent rumours that the Chicago Black Hawks would fold due to the poor performance of the team and fans staying away in droves. NHL president Clarence Campbell discussed the problems with Arthur M. Wirtz and it was announced that the rumours were without foundation.

Campbell was busy this year imposing fines and suspensions. As a result of pushing referee Frank Udvari into the boards during a November 12 game, Bernie Geoffrion was fined $250. Later, in a December 20 game, he and Ron Murphy engaged in stick swinging which left Murphy with a broken jaw. Both players were suspended.

There was trouble brewing for Maurice Richard when he ghosted an article in the Samedi Dimanche newspaper, calling NHL president Clarence Campbell a dictator and took exception to Campbell's suspension of Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion for the stick swinging incident. Richard was required to post a $1000 bond and refrain from any more articles.

The Detroit Red Wings were first overall in the National Hockey League for the sixth straight season.

Final standings

Playoffs
After losing four straight games to the Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins general manager Art Ross, their manager from the day the Bruins came into the NHL, announced his retirement. He had been grooming Lynn Patrick to succeed him and Patrick took over as general manager.

Playoff bracket

Semifinals

(1) Detroit Red Wings vs. (3) Toronto Maple Leafs

(2) Montreal Canadiens vs. (4) Boston Bruins

Stanley Cup Finals

Awards
The James Norris Memorial Trophy made its debut this season and its first winner was Red Kelly of the Detroit Red Wings. The Norris Trophy goes to the top defenceman each year and was named in honour of James E. Norris, owner of the Detroit Red Wings franchise from 1932 until his death in 1952.

Player statistics

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Source: NHL

Leading goaltenders

Note: GP = Games played; Min – Minutes played; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts

Coaches
Boston Bruins: Lynn Patrick
Chicago Black Hawks: Sid Abel
Detroit Red Wings: Tommy Ivan
Montreal Canadiens: Dick Irvin
New York Rangers: Frank Boucher
Toronto Maple Leafs: King Clancy

Debuts
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1953–54 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):
Doug Mohns, Boston Bruins
Earl Reibel, Detroit Red Wings
Camille Henry, New York Rangers
Johnny Bower, New York Rangers

Last games
The following is a list of players of note who played their last game in the NHL in 1953–54 (listed with their last team):
Woody Dumart, Boston Bruins
George Gee, Chicago Black Hawks
Jack Gelineau, Chicago Black Hawks
Sid Abel, Chicago Black Hawks
Jim McFadden, Chicago Black Hawks
Elmer Lach, Montreal Canadiens
Gaye Stewart, Montreal Canadiens
Doug Bentley, New York Rangers
Max Bentley, New York Rangers
Leo Reise, New York Rangers
Howie Meeker, Toronto Maple Leafs

See also
1953-54 NHL transactions
List of Stanley Cup champions
7th National Hockey League All-Star Game
National Hockey League All-Star Game
1953 in sports
1954 in sports

References

Notes

External links

Hockey Database
NHL.com

1953–54 in American ice hockey by league
1953–54 in Canadian ice hockey by league


20 page leatherette prayer card holder with snap closure and gold stamp detailing on cover. Holds up to 40 prayer cards.
Give your prayer card collection a safe, portable home with this convenient and versatile prayercard holder wallet. The prayercard holder is made of attractive blue leatherette and comes with a secure snap closure. The front cover has a lovely gold stamp image of Jesus, the Divine Mercy. The prayer card holder measures a conveniently portable 4" by 6 1/4" and has 20 plastic pages to store up to 40 prayer cards.


Completed vocational training or appropriate professional experience as a chef / cook is mandatory.
Provided accommodation for foreign applicants.
Please include following attachments in your job application: Curriculum Vitae and Certificates.
Specialized German employment agency for the hotel sector - CGE Hotelfachvermittlung is looking for hotel staff to work in hotels and restaurants in Switzerland. Available full time jobs and seasonal jobs (during winter season).
Salary: According to the National Collective Labor Agreement of Switzerland, minimum wage is 4.100 Swiss Francs (CHF) - about 3.400 EUR.
Hotel staff and Line cook (Cook with work experience) to work in well-known hotel in Interlaken, Switzerland. Hotel has banquet and event area, nice wellness. Seasonal jobs (winter season) and full time jobs available.
4 Star superior hotel near Interlaken in Switzerland is looking for Service staff (maids, cleaners, dishwashers, etc.), Chef and Receptionist. Hotel offer seasonal jobs for the winter season.
3 Star hotel in Oberwallis, Switzerland is looking for a Cook and service specialists.
Available jobs all year round or for the winter season.
Front desk manager to work for Wellness & Spa Hotel near the famous resort of Gstaad, Switzerland. Main duties of a front desk manager include managing various restaurants, bar, wine cellar and wellness area.
Seminar hotel in the famous resort of Thun, Switzerland is looking for a Cook and Cook assistant. Approx.salary 4.200 to 4.500 CHF - 3.900 to 4.200 EUR. Employees will prepare meals for 2 fine dining restaurants, banquet area and terrace.
Deutschland Required attachments for job applications: Curriculum vitae, Certificates, Cover letter and date when you can start to work.
Accommodation provided for foreign applicants.
Completed vocational training or appropriate professional experience as masseur.
Alternatively: completed vocational training as a cosmetician with a working experience as masseur.
Often work shifts, weekends and holidays.
River Chefs GmbH Switzerland has open job vacancies for a following positions: Waiter / Maid / Cleaner to work within European river cruise ships MS Thurgau Ultra and MS Thurgau silence; Sailing area Basel - Amsterdam - Black Sea. Full time job or flexible working hours.
Accommodation in double rooms provided for all applicants.
Temporary job – during sailing season. Often work shifts, weekends and holidays.


text:
Egalitarianism and Male Spiritual Formation
Books, Complementarian, Feminism
A lot of people I know and respect have abandoned the Complementarian view for Christian Egalitarianism. 1. High profile evangelicals have furthered the dialog, like Rachael Held Evans' in her book Year of Biblical Womanhood. 2
But as I've repeatedly affirmed, abandoning full Complentarianism for Egalitarianism is swinging from one extreme to the other instead of embracing the paradox of spiritual equality and leadership roles in key biblical frameworks. 3 4
But if there is a danger in egalitarianism, what is it? I suggest that the most dangerously dismissed risks are the crippling of the healthy gender individuation in children, and of spiritual vitality in Christian men.
Egalitarianism is de facto Matriarchy
Look, I am very aware that patriarchy in the Church has seriously wounded and hindered women from reaching their God-given potentials and callings, both inside the church and without. But I suggest that egalitarianism is not just a leveling of the playing field, or an affirmation ofradical equality in Christ, but a rejection of the order of nature and therefore, a de-facto matriarchal system that feminizes boys as much as it enables girls.
I understand that a true opposite matriarchy would prohibit men from occupying positions of authority, but what I am claiming is that, by rejecting the natural headship of the masculine in the key social organs of family and church, we are purposefully ignoring the very real and practical effect of the emasculation of men because we are defying nature.
This is why Complementarians contend that this is Paul's argument in 1 Timothy 2:12-13:
I do not permit a woman to teach or to assume authority over a man; she must be quiet. For Adam was formed first, then Eve.
Regarding this, esteemed Christian scholar John Stott wrote:
What is revealed in the second story of creation is that, although god made male and female equal, he also made them different. In Genesis 1 masculinity and femininity are related to God's image, while in Genesis 2 they are related to each other, Eve being taken out of Adam and brought to him. Genesis 1 declares the equality of the sexes; Genesis 2 clarifies that "equality" means not "identity" but "complementarity." It is this "equal but different" state which we find hard to preserve. Yet they are not incompatible; they belong to each other as essential aspects of biblical revelation. 5
Egalitarianism and Male Insecurity
Often, such claims are poo-pooed by egalitarians who attribute such claims to masculine insecurities based in immaturity. "You have no problem with a female boss at work, so why would you in church or family? Does your female boss have an emasculating effect on you too?"
Female Leadership in the Bible
It has been well documented that women in both the Old and New Testaments held most of the positions of authority within Israel and the New Testament – but not all.
As often noted by Complementarians, we are hard pressed to find any woman priest in the Old Testament, or Apostle (of the type directly commissioned by Jesus, as opposed to evangelistic Church Planters like Junia) or Elder/Bishop/Overseer in the New Testament. 6
Are these omissions merely a historical oversight, or a real functional limit practiced and taught in the New Testament Church? Coupled with the "problematic" prohibitions of Paul in 1 Timothy 2 and elsewhere, egalitarians must live without explicit historical support for their claims, and must admit that partial complemenatarians may have warrant for their assertions.
Junia, Apostleship and Superiority
One interesting egalitarian argument is that we have at least one, admittedly oblique reference to a female apostle in Paul's writings:
Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow Jews, who were in prison with me. They are highly respected among the apostles and became followers of Christ before I did. (Romans 16:7 NLT)
Of course, the phrase "respected among the Apostles" is debated, and may be "respected by the apostles." But even if Junia was an apostle, does that make her of the same type of apostle as Paul and the 12? Or is this a more general term for a certain function, that of Church Planter, or merely a "messenger"? Others in the New Testament were also called Apostles as well:
Beyond the unique twelve apostles of Jesus Christ, there were also apostles in a generic sense. Barnabas is referred to as an "apostle" in Acts 13:2 and 14:4. Andronicus and Junias are possibly identified as apostles in Romans 16:7. The same Greek word usually translated "apostle" is used to refer to Titus in 2 Corinthians 8:23 and Epaphroditus in Philippians 2:25. So, there definitely seems to be room for the term apostle being used to refer to someone besides the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. Anyone who was "sent" could be called an apostle. 7
With the existence of this proposed "generic" sense of Apostleship, perhaps Junia is not evidence of full egalitarianism that is supposed by some.
As an observation of mine, because egalitarians are comitted to a view that sees someone of higher authority as being of more value, or occupying a position that should be open to all, they often insinuate that if Junia was an Apostle, the "highest" position of the five fold ministry gifts (Ephesians 4:11), then why would a woman not be able to inhabit any of the positions of authority UNDER that (all others)?
The answers from partial complementarians like myself are:
You keep equating authority with value, and function with value, but you are mistaken. Greater authority does NOT make you of greater value, any more than being a less visible part of the body, to use Paul's analogy, makes you less valuable due to your function.
If there are clear indications that the word "apostle" has two meanings, one as commissioned directly by Jesus, and the other as merely a messenger of the gospel (which might even be of "less" authority than an evangelist!), then Junia's aposteship is not a valid argument for egalitarianism.
Women as Flawed and Weak
One of the pillars of traditional Complementarianism has been not only Pau'ls appeal to natural order, but to the inherent "inferiority" of their reasoning and resistance to the deceptions of Satan. As if oft quoted of Paul:
And Adam was not the one deceived; it was the woman who was deceived and became a sinner. (1 Timothy 2:14)
New Testament theologian Daniel Kirk (who I had for a New Testament class at Fuller Theological Seminary) recently argued (and here I'll probably get zinged for not capturing his argument correctly, but I'm trying ;) that the traditional Complementarian argument has been based on the assumption that Paul's argument was from the inferiority of the woman. But if we are now equal in Christ, then this argument must now be abandoned.
When such limitations are articulated both in scripture and throughout the history of the church (until the 1970s), the difference was articulated due to an understanding of the inherent inferiority of women. If you hold that women are equal, then you don't hold to either the biblical reasoning for excluding women or the historical ecclesial reasoning. If you believe that women are equal, you've latched onto another dynamic of creation (I'd argue) and redemption (clearly) that undermines patriarchy. 8
Of course, I would argue that (a) yes we are equal, but not the same, in Christ, but (b) Eve sinned while still in the pre-fall state, and that characteristic was not a function of the fall, but of the natural order of her being under the authority and function of Adam – who equally failed, but for different reasons than being deceived. And of course, because his authority carried with it the responsibility, he is credited with the fall of man, not Eve.
Masculine Formation Among Men and Boys
Let me restate my claim, but since this article is getting long, I will have to wait for a future article to support it more fully (if that can be done ;)>
I am claiming that, based not on macho insecurity, but an appeal to the pre-fall nature of man and woman, that in the spiritual formation organs of home and Church, while women certainly have a co-author role that should be maximized, it can not eclipse the final authority of a man without harming the men.
Like any good interim (or aging) leader, women who have the gifts and opportunities to lead, though they may be justified in taking such roles, should be looking to raise up and pass that role to a qualified man – otherwise, they fail to fulfill the actual male and female complementarianism installed at creation.
Complementarian articles from WholeReason.com ↩
What You Don't Know About Complementarian Women (christianitytoday.com) ↩
Solving Spiritual Dilemmas Through Weighted Paradoxes (wholereason.com) ↩
Why I am a Soft Complemenatarian (wholereason.com) ↩
Women, Men and God, John Stott's Complementarianism (wholereason.com) ↩
Conclusions on the Egalitarian vs Complementarian debate (Adrian Warnock) ↩
What is an apostle? (gotquestions.org) ↩
Equality, Power, and Sex (Storied Theology) ↩
Tags: BooksComplementarianFeminism


Director of a City Learning Centre for six years now. Background is English/Drama. ADE.
So, what does a web2 classroom look like?
Do we even call it a classroom? Maybe we call it an environment?
Here are suggestions - but they are speculative suggestions only.
Where am I in the long line?


The viral story of a pool party in McKinney became the latest flashpoint in the ongoing conversation about police and race in America.
Is Austin the state's most segregated city?
He asked me if I was going to be white my whole life. I was, of course. But because of our friendship, I'm no longer the clueless upper-middle-class kid I once was.
Jasper is still reeling one month after the city's first black police chief was fired by a majority-white city council.


Russia Launches Angara 5 on Maiden Test Flight [With Video], SpaceRef Business\n\n\"Russia today successfully launched the Angara 5 rocket on its first test flight. The rocket carried a dummy payload. The Angara 5 flew with five first stage cores strapped together and a Breeze M upper stage.\n\nThe Angara 5 is meant to replace Russia's heavy-lift Proton rocket and would become the workhorse of the Russian fleet tasked with primarily launching military payloads. A future super heavy-lift Angara 7 is also planned, if needed.\"\n\nAngara best response to Western sanctions - deputy PM, ITAR TASS\n\n\"The Angara launch is a proper response to the Western sanctions and confirmation of Russia's ability to make new achievements, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin said.\"\n\nRussia launches new heavy-class Angara space rocket, Xinhua\n\n\"Russia successfully carried out the first test launch of a newest heavy-class Angara A5 rocket on Tuesday. The rocket was launched at Plesetsk cosmodrome in Russia's northern Arkhangelsk region at 08:57 a.m. Moscow Time (0557 GMT), according to the Defense Ministry press service.\"
This page contains a single entry by Marc Boucher published on December 23, 2014 7:00 PM.
Summary of Stealth NASA ISS Workshop was the previous entry in this blog.
Bigelow in 2015 is the next entry in this blog.


I gave my word to Sehyo that I wouldn't do that.
Shuvra is probably still studying French.
Jin leaned in close for a better look.
William is a high school senior.
Hazel hasn't been arrested yet.
Willie usually comes here on Monday.
Heinrich lacks experience, doesn't he?
What time is Shuvra getting here?
Tell Clarence what you want to do.
We've been down this road too many times, Pete.
Eduardo showed us a few pictures.
After the waiter left, Rafik and Vivek continued their conversation.
Steve claimed that the enormous property was at his disposal.
Serdar, a 12-year-old boy, can speak four languages.
Thomas asked some of his friends for their opinions.
Shamim gave Vic a detailed explanation of how it worked.
John has a long neck.
Christian knows Jeannie is lying.
Mariou and Butler answered simultaneously.
Christina came into my office after lunch.
Oliver's sister is a nun.


text:
The Military Laws of the United States, 1915: Supplement Containing the Laws ...
By United States
890h. Same-Rank of chauffeurs.-All chauffeurs while serving as such shall rank with corporals of the Signal Corps and shall be subject to promotion and reduction to any other grade now authorized in the Signal Corps. Id.
890i. Organization into divisions, briagdes, regiments, etc.---The President is hereby authorized to appropriately officer and organize the personnel of the Signal Corps into such number of divisions, brigades, regiments, wings, squadrons, battalions, companies, and flights as may be necessary, and to increase or decrease the number of organizations prescribed for the divisions, brigades, regiments, wings, squadrons, battalions, companies, and flights, and to prescribe such new and different organizations and personnel for divisions, brigades, regiments, wings, squadrons, battalions, companies, and flights as the efficiency of the service may require. Sec. 4, id.
890j. Same-Organization of headquarters and headquarters detachments. The President is further authorized to organize such headquarters and headquarters detachments for divisions, brigades, regiments, wings, squadrons, battalions, companies, and flights as may be necessary, and to prescribe new and different organizations for such headquarters and headquarters detachments whenever the efficiency of the service may require. Id.
(For the ensuing section of this act see paragraphs 879f, 8798, ante.)
898a. Collection of forwarding charges due connecting commercial or radio companies for transmission of Government business; vouchers and claims for.—Hereafter the Signal Corps, in its operation of military telegraph lines, cables, or radio stations, is authorized, in the discretion of the Secretary of War, to collect forwarding charges due connecting commercial telegraph or radio companies for the transmission of Government radiograms or telegrams over their lines, and to this end, under such regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of War, it can present vouchers to disbursing officers for payment or file claims with auditors of the Treasury Department for the amount of such forwarding charges. Act of May 12, 1917 (40 Stat. 43).
901a. Property returns to be made semiannually.—The Act of Congress approved October twelfth, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, entitled " An Act to make enlisted men of the Signal Corps responsible for public property," be amended so as to read that property returns of the Signal Corps shall be rendered semiannually or more
* Under the act of July 24, 1917, no authority is given to enlist men in the Signal Corps for musical purposes solely and on condition that they shall not be liable to or eligible for general military duty as soldiers. War Dept. Bull. 67, Nov. 30, 1917.)
often. Act of Apr. 27, 1914 (38 Stat. 353), amending Act of Oct. 12, 1888 (25 Stat. 552).
901b. Settlement of accounts between other bureaus of War Department, etc., and the Signal Corps. Hereafter in the settlement of transactions between appropriations under the Signal Corps, or between the Signal Corps and another office or bureau of the War Department, or of any other executive department of the Governnient, payment therefor shall be made by the proper disbursing officer of the Signal Corps, or of the office, bureau, or department concerned. Act of Aug. 29, 1916 (39 Stat. 622).
CHAPTER XXIII.
CHAPLAINS.
Par. Chaplains, appointment of 902a Chaplains, appointment of 9020 Sne-Preference to be given to Chaplains at large, number 9020
applicants who have been hon- Same-Qualifications as to citiorably discharged from the
zenship
9020 Army
902b 902a. Chaplains, appointment of.—The President is authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, chaplains in the Army at the rate of not to exceed, including chaplains now in service, one for each regiment of Cavalry, Infantry, Field Artillery, and Engineers, and one for each one thousand two hundred officers and men of the Coast Artillery Corps, with rank, pay, and allowances as now authorized by law. Sec. 15, Act of June 3, 1916 (39 Stat. 176).
902b. Same-Preference to be given to applicants who have been honorably discharged from the Army.-In appointment of chaplains in the Regular Army, preference and priority shall be given to applicant veterans, if otherwise duly qualified and who shall not have passed the age of forty-one years at the time of application, who have rendered honorable war service in the army of the United States or who have been honorably discharged from such Army. Id.
902c. Chaplains, appointment of.—The President is authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, chaplains in the Army at the rate of not to exceed, including chaplains now in service, one for each regiment of Cavalry, Infantry, Field Artillery, and Engineers, and one for each one thousand two hundred officers and men of the Coast Artillery Corps, with rank, pay, and allowances as now authorized by law. Act of May 12, 1919 (40 Stat. 72) amending sec. 15, Act of June 3, 1916 (39 Stat. 176).
902d. Chaplains at large, number.—The President may appoint for service during the present emergency not exceeding twenty chaplains at large for the United States Army representing religious sects not recognized in the apportionment of chaplains now recognized by law.' Act of Oct. 6, 1917 (40 Stat. 394).
902e. Same-Qualifications as to citizenship.-No person shall be eligible to such appointment unless he be at the time of his appointment a citizen of the United States. Id.
First readers of the Christian Science Church are eligible to appointment as chaplains at large under the act of October 6, 1917, authorizing appointment from religious sects not recognized in the apportionment of chaplains now recog. nized by law. (War Dept. Bull. 67, Nov. 30, 1917.)
CHAPTER XXIV.
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.
Par. Original appointments of second
Detached Officers' List----- 929a-929h lieutenants, except cadet
Creation of, for duty with the graduates, to be provisional.- 918a National Guard, etc----- 929a Officers appointed in Army in
Details in the Aviation Section, time of peace to be citizens of
Signal Corps----
929a} United States --
918b Same - Proportionate number Thanks of Congress tendered to
authorized for each grade---- 929b certain officers of Army and
Same-Vacancies caused by, Navy--
927a above grade of second lieutenPromotion of certain officers of
ant, to be filled by promotion 929c Army and Navy-
927b Same-Assignment of details Same Certain officers to be ad
from each arm.
9290 vanced one grade when placed
Same-Manchu law to govern on retired list----927c assignments to-----
929e Same-Officers now on retired
Same-Vacancies occurring after list to be immediately ad
original assignment to list, vanced one grade9270 filling of --
9292 Promotions authorized by sec
Same--Assignment of construction 2 of act to temporarily
tive dates of original commisincrease the grades --927e sion.
929g Medical officer promoted to be
Same - Senior officer in any head of Medical Department,
grade according to construcnot governed by law as to de
tive date of original commistails
927f sion to be considered senior in SameRank of major general
that grade----
929h to cease and determine when
Cavalry increased by 17 colonels officer so promoted is retired 927g
and Infantry by 4 colonels to Promotions authorized not to
equalize promotions--
929i retard promotion to which Examination extended to proany officer is entitled under
motion to all grades below existing law----
that of brigadier general --- 930a Officers promoted to be junior
Same-Character of examinato officers who now rank them
tion for grades of major and when such officers reach same
930b grade
927i Officers benefited by act entitled
Appointment from civil life, reto retirement at any time on
commissioning honorably dis
charged officers, lineal and application at 75 per cent of
relative rank.--
931a 9273 pay of active rank.-----General officers of the line who
Loss of files on account of inwere promoted for service in
of arm,
corps, constructing the Panama Ca
branch, due to suspension nal to take rank over officers
from promotion on failure to of same grades hereafter ap
pass examination, allowance pointed.-
931b 54208°-18 -13
crease


text:
Los Angeles Regional Food Bank to Receive a $1 Million Grant...| MENAFN.COM
Los Angeles Regional Food Bank to Receive a $1 Million Grant from the S. Mark Taper Foundation'
LOS ANGELES, Jan. 14, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- The Los Angeles Regional Food Bank was awarded a $1,000,000 grant from the S. Mark Taper Foundation to benefit the Building Hope Campaign. This grant will support the Food Bank's efforts to combat hunger in the local community and work to address the increased needs of our communities due to COVID-19.
With the generous support from the S. Mark Taper Foundation, the Food Bank will continue the process of transforming a warehouse in the City of Industry into a state-of-the-art food distribution center that will significantly increase our capacity and efficiency. The project will expand our freezer/cooler capacity and include a volunteer center, cold dock, sustainability center, food kit production center and food rescue center.
In honor of this generous grant, the new food rescue center will be named after the S. Mark Taper Foundation. The food rescue center plays a key role in the Food Bank's operations, providing space for volunteers to glean and sort donated food and preventing perfectly good nutritious food from becoming food waste.
'As a nonprofit organization, the LA Regional Food Bank relies on the generosity of our community to continue our essential work,' said Food Bank President and CEO, Michael Flood. 'This transformational gift from the S. Mark Taper Foundation will allow us to improve our infrastructure and benefit our neighbors in need for years to come.'
The Food Bank is thankful to the S. Mark Taper Foundation for its commitment to helping communities with the greatest needs. Prior to the pandemic, the Food Bank and our Partner Agency Network served roughly 300,000 people each month, but now, that number is closer to 900,000.
To learn more about the Food Bank's new facility, please visit the Building Hope Campaign webpage.
ABOUT THE LOS ANGELES REGIONAL FOOD BANK The Los Angeles Regional Food Bank has been mobilizing resources to fight hunger in Los Angeles County since 1973. To support the Food Bank's vision that no one goes hungry in Los Angeles County, food and grocery products are distributed through a network of 700 partner agencies and directly to those in need through Food Bank programs. The Food Bank has distributed more than 1.7 billion pounds of food, the equivalent of 1.35 billion meals, since 1973. The total value of food and grocery product distributed since the Food Bank's inception is $2.3 billion. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Food Bank tripled the number of people helped, and now reaches 900,000 people every month. The Food Bank is a 4-star rated charity by Charity Navigator. For more information, visit LAFoodBank.org .
Media Contact: David MayDirector of Marketing and Communications
SOURCE Los Angeles Regional Food Bank
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text:
Q: How do I access rdio API? This is what I have:
$.ajax({
  type:'get',
  url: 'https://services.rdio.com/api/1/',
  dataType: "JSONP",
  method: 'getTopCharts'
  success: function(data) {
    console.log(data);
  }
})

I'm not very good with using APIs.  I would like to get the top charts in json format.  Right now this is what I see in the console with an x beside it:
https://services.rdio.com/api/1/?method=getTopCharts&callback=jQuery21406818272015079856_1447092130458&_=1447092130459
Do I need to use an API key?  In the docs it says
does not require user authentication.  So how do I get my list?

A: All Rdio API requests must use the POST method and contain an access token. Checkout the Rdio API Overview. Rdio doesn't support JSONP, but CORS is supported. Using jQuery, the request would look like:
$.ajax({
  method: "POST",
  url: "https://services.rdio.com/api/1/get",
  data: {
    method: "get",
    keys: "r139688",
    access_token: "ACCESS_TOKEN"
  }
})

You'll need to fill-in your own access token. Checkout the OAuth 2.0 documentation for how to generate an access token.


Because kids need wisdom to make good choices and to deal with the many challenges they face in our broken world, Christians through the centuries have taught them wisdom from Proverbs. But Marty Machowski—father, family pastor, and best-selling author—knows how easy it is to lose sight of the gospel when teaching a book like Proverbs.
Walking with the Wise: Proverbs for the Classroom is Machowski's twelve-week curriculum for four- to twelve-year-old children that connects the book of Proverbs to God's larger story of salvation. Instead of teaching moralism, each lesson deftly connects the moral truths of Proverbs with our need for gospel grace. Children will learn that Solomon's wisdom, life, and failures all point to "something greater than Solomon"—they point to Jesus, from whom real wisdom comes.
The easy-to-use curriculum engages children on three learning levels—Pre-K–K (ages 4-5), elementary (ages 6-10), and middle school (ages 10-12)—presenting the wisdom of Proverbs against the backdrop of the gospel to show that real wisdom comes only as we depend on Jesus for daily help and forgiveness. Each lesson includes Bible reading, creative object lessons, questions to spark discussion, scripts for dramas and puppet shows, downloadable visuals and board game, and age-appropriate crafts and activities. A corresponding Walking with the Wise music CD is available in addition to the companion family devotional, Wise-Up: Ten-Minute Family Devotions in Proverbs to reinforce the truths learned at church as families explore them together at home. Both resources will help to make learning the truths of Proverbs fun and memorable and will point children to the true wisdom that is only found in Christ.
The curriculum is also available for PreK-K and Middle School.


text:
Ciccio Italian Cafe
Italian Casual Dining Café Pizza Vegan
Homely, family-run cafe offering authentic Italian cuisine, from delicious breakfasts, to light lunches and filling dinners. Cakes are a speciality, available all day.
Ciccio Italian Cafe is exactly the kind of place to come for a couple of lazy hours, to sit and watch the world go by.
Whether it's in the morning, with a plate of warm ciabatta and eggs before you, or a thin and crispy lunch pizza, or the evening when you can come with friends and enjoy the friendly hospitality of the owners.
They serve up everything from Spaghetti Meatballs in Special Sauce, to Lemon Pepper Calamari and Red Wine & Pancetta Risotto.
There's a kid's menu, too, so it's a great family restaurant, and the coffee is some of the best in Rotorua. It's a no-fuss, no-nonsense kind of place, full of atmosphere and buzz, and in the winter there's even a cosy little fire to snuggle up to, so at home you will feel here.
For a hearty, traditional Italian meal that's tasty and affordable, make Ciccio Italian Cafe your first stop.
Contact Ciccio Italian Cafe
1262 Fenton Street, Rotorua Central


tote1 (tōt),USA pronunciation v., tot•ed, tot•ing, n.
to carry, as on one's back or in one's arms: to tote a bundle.
to carry on one's person: to tote a gun.
to transport or convey, as on a vehicle or boat.
the act or course of toting.
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If your Dkny Gansevoort Black Medium Quilted Chain Tote Bag In Black | Lyst (delightful Dkny Quilted Tote Bag #5) thinks claustrophobic because of the lack of lighting coming into the home, it needs excellent lighting on your property that is gorgeous. The space light is one of many approaches that are straightforward to make your home that is tiny feel larger. In planning the home decor, this needs to be done. Because of the lighting to become outlined this time around is natural illumination not the interior light which we mentioned sometime ago, in the sunlight.
One in developing a residence, of the essential aspects that must be considered could be the illumination. Proper arrangement of light will also be in a position to produce an inviting atmosphere together with improve the search of the home, besides performance illuminate the room at the move in its time.
Another approach you may be ready to add would be to produce direct connection with the wall of the home. The light that is within the next room can flow another space. You can also change and add some furnitures that are dark with additional furnitures that can replicate light. Moreover, home equipment's layout could be the key to create a space in your own home.
Among the ideas that one may utilize to incorporate illumination for Dkny Quilted Tote Bag is using solar capsules that replicate light from your own top, through the tube and into your home. Particularly useful within the room of your home for storage or you have an additional or attic ground above your kitchen. This way, the lighting going directly into the area place, which means that your area will undoubtedly be filled with natural lighting along with the atmosphere becomes busy locations.
If you such as the setting of the warm home using a good illumination that is natural and decorations this Dkny Gansevoort Black Medium Quilted Chain Tote Bag In Black | Lyst (delightful Dkny Quilted Tote Bag #5) with probably recommended foryou. Develop you enjoy our style suggestions within this website.
The best Dkny Gansevoort Black Medium Quilted Chain Tote Bag In Black | Lyst (delightful Dkny Quilted Tote Bag #5) at its primary have to be fair. The light mustn't gray nor too stunning. There are before planning illumination natural lighting that individuals will enter a home interior could from adjacent windows, skylights overhead, three items you should look at, or it may be from the room next to your kitchen, bedroom.


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