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Establishment of Israel in Palestine: Fall of Palestine, Rise of Israel
18 May 2021 ( IBTN Bureau )
The conflict between Israel and Palestinian fighters has begun once more. The level of shelling that is being seen this time, it did not happen in the last several years.
Palestinian extremists have fired several hundred rockets from the Gaza Strip into the territory of Israel, and Israel has responded to this by its devastating airstrikes.
The target of rockets fired by Palestine is Israeli cities like Tel Aviv, Modine, Birsheba. Israel's missile defense system is responding to attacks by the Iron Dome Palestinian side. But the ringing of the sirens of danger has not stopped yet.
Israel has carried out airstrikes at several Gaza locations. There has been loss of life and property on both sides. Dozens of Palestinians have been killed, while on the other hand at least 10 Israelis have died.
This armed conflict has started after weeks of tension between Israeli police and Palestinian protesters in Jerusalem. Jerusalem is a place that is considered sacred to Jews and Muslims around the world.
The international community has appealed to both sides to maintain peace. In the Middle East, UN peace envoy Tor Vainsland has said that there is a danger of large-scale fighting there.
But the struggle of Israel and Palestinian people is years old and should be viewed from the same perspective. Why is the dispute between Israelis and Palestinians so complicated and why is the world divided about it? To understand this, we need to know the history of Israel and Palestine.
How did the conflict begin?
Jews were being targeted in Europe in the early twentieth century. Under these circumstances, the demand for a separate country for the Jewish people began to gain momentum. The region of Palestine, which lies between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, was considered sacred to all three Muslims, Jews and Christianity. Palestine was controlled by the Ottoman Empire and was largely held by the Arabs and other Muslim communities.
Amidst all this, a large number of Jews came to settle in Palestine and the people of Palestine started protesting against them.
After the First World War (1914–1918) the Ottoman Empire (the Kingdom of Osmania) disintegrated and Britain got the approval of the United Nations to take the administration of Palestine under its control.
But before the First World War and during the fighting, the British had made many promises to the Arabs and the Jewish people in Palestine, which they could not fulfill even a small part. Britain had already partitioned the Middle East with France. This led to tensions between the Arab people and Jews in Palestine and triggered violent clashes between armed groups on both sides.
After World War II (1939–1945) and the widespread massacre of Jews at the hands of Hitler and the Nazis in Germany, there was increasing pressure on the demand for a separate country for Jews. At that time it was planned that the territory under British control would be divided between the Palestinians and the Jews.
Finally, on 14 May 1948, with the help of Britain, Israel was forcibly established in Palestine. And Palestine was annihilated by the Jews. With the formation of Israel, a local tension turned into a territorial dispute. The very next day Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Iraq attacked this area. This was the first Arab-Israel conflict. It was also called the alleged freedom struggle of the Jews. After the end of this war, the United Nations secured half the land for an Arab state.
The period of tragedy started for the Palestinians from there itself. Seven and a half million Palestinians had to flee or take refuge in neighboring countries or were expelled and evicted by the Jewish armed forces.
But the year 1948 was not the last conflict between Jews and Arabs. In the year 1956, there was a dispute over the Suez Canal and Israel and Egypt again stood opposite each other. But this matter was resolved without war.
But the Arab-Israeli conflict lasted for six days in 1967 was the last major battle in a way. The war between 5 June 1967 and 10 June 1967 saw long-term effects on many levels.
Israel won the military alliance of the Arab countries. The Gaza Strip, Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, Jordan to the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Golan Mountains from Syria came under the control of Israel. Five lakh Palestinians were displaced.
The last Arab-Israel conflict was the Yom Kippur War of 1973. Egypt and Syria fought this war against Israel. Egypt regained the Sinai Peninsula. In the year 1982, Israel gave up its claim on the Sinai Peninsula but not on Gaza. Six years later Egypt became the first Arab country to have a peace deal with Israel. Jordan followed suit.
Why was Israel established in the Middle East?
The Jews believe that this is the area where Israel is inhabited today, which God promised to give to Abraham and his descendants, their first ancestors.
In the past, this area was under attack from Assyrians (the tribal people living in present-day Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria), Babylon, Persia, Macedonia and Roman people. In the Roman Empire itself, this area was named Palestine, and seven decades after Christ, the Jewish people were evicted from this area.
With the rise of Islam, Palestine came under the control of the Arabs in the seventh century and was then conquered by the European invaders. In the year 1516, Palestine went under the control of the Ottoman Empire (Osmania Empire) and then after the First World War, on 29 September 1923, Britain occupied Palestine. Which lasted until May 15, 1948, the day after the founding of Israel on May 14, 1948.
To allow a smooth transition of power after 15 May 1948, Britain as a mandatory power was to hand over the UN Palestine Commission as the Provisional Government of Palestine.
On September 3, 1947, a United Nations Special Committee on Palestine submitted its report to the General Assembly. In this report, the committee accepted religious and historical arguments for the establishment of a Jewish nation in the Middle East.
In the Balfour Declaration of 1917, the British Government agreed to give Jews a 'national house' in Palestine. The Declaration recognized the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and based on this, laid the foundation of the Jewish state in the territory of Palestine.
After the genocide of millions of Jews at the hands of the Nazis in Europe and during World War II, international pressure to recognize a separate Jewish nation began to increase.
Britain took up this issue for the consideration of the United Nations after failing to resolve the growing tension between the Arab people and the Jews.
On 29 November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly approved the plan for partition of Palestine. It recommended the formation of an Arab country and a Jewish state, as well as a special arrangement for Jerusalem.
This plan was accepted by the Jews but rejected by the Arab people. They saw it as losing their land. This was the reason why the United Nations plan could never be implemented.
The formation of independent Israel was announced on May 14, 1948, the day before Britain's control over Palestine came to an end. The next day, Israel applied for UN membership, and a year later it was approved. Among the member countries of the United Nations, 83 percent of the countries have recognized Israel. As of December 2019, 162 of 193 countries had recognized Israel.
Why are there two Palestinian territories?
The United Nations Special Committee on Palestine submitted a report to the General Assembly in 1947, recommending that the Western Galley (the mountainous region of Samaria and Judea) be included in the Arab nation.
The committee had recommended keeping the coastal plain of Ishud bordering Jerusalem and Egypt out of it.
But the division of this region was defined by the Armaistice line drawn in the year 1949. This line was drawn after the formation of Israel and the first Arab-Israeli War.
These two regions of Palestine are the West Bank (which includes East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip. These two areas are at a distance of 45 km from each other. The area of the West Bank is 5970 square kilometers, while the area of the Gaza Strip is 365 square kilometers.
The West Bank lies between Jerusalem and the eastern part of Jordan. Jerusalem is described by both the Palestinian side and Israel as its capital.
The Gaza Strip is a 41 km long area, whose width varies between 6 to 12 km.
Gaza has a 51-km border with Israel, seven kilometers with Egypt and 40 kilometers along the Mediterranean coast.
The Gaza Strip was taken over by Israel in the 1967 war. In 2005, Israel relinquished its hold on it. However, Israel controls the influx of people, goods and services from the Gaza Strip to air, land and sea in every way.
The Gaza Strip is currently a territory controlled by Hamas. Hamas is Israel's armed group that does not recognize Israel's pact with other factions of Palestine.
In contrast, the West Bank is ruled by the Palestinian National Authority. The Palestinian National Authority recognizes the international community as the government of the Palestinians.
Has there ever been an agreement between the Palestinians and the Israelis?
After the formation of Israel and the displacement of thousands of Palestinians, the Palestinian movement began to take root in refugee camps in the West Bank, Gaza, and Arab countries.
This movement had the support of Jordan and Egypt.
After the 1967 war, Palestinian organizations such as 'Fatah' led by Yasir Arafat formed the 'Palestinian Liberation Organization'.
The PLO initiated action against Israel, first from Jordan and then from Lebanon.
But these attacks targeted all targets within and outside Israel. There was no discrimination between Israel's embassies, players, its airplanes.
The Israeli targets were attacked for years by the Palestinians, and finally in 1993, the Oslo Peace Accord was signed by the PLO and Israel.
The Palestinian Liberation Organization promised to abandon the path of 'violence and extremism' and accepted Israel's right to live with peace and security. However, Hamas does not accept this agreement.
After this agreement, the Palestinian National Authority was formed and this organization got the right to represent the Palestinian people on international forums.
The president of this organization is elected by direct voting. The Chairman appoints a Prime Minister and his Cabinet. It has the authority to manage civic amenities in urban and rural areas.
East Jerusalem, historically considered the capital of the Palestinians, was not included in the Oslo peace settlement.
There is a deep dispute between the two sides regarding Jerusalem.
What are the main points of dispute between the Palestinians and the Israelis?
The delay in the formation of an independent Palestinian nation, the settlement of the ghettos in the West Bank and the security cordon surrounding the Palestinian territory are the reasons that hamper the peace process.
The International Court of Justice in The Hague has also criticized Israel's security cordon around the Palestinian territory.
In 2000, when the last serious effort was made to reconcile between the two sides in the presence of President Bill Clinton at Camp David in the US, it was clear that this is not the only obstacle in the path of peace between the Palestinians and the Israelis. .
At the time, Bill Clinton had failed to reach a compromise between Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Yasir Arafat. The issues on which there was disagreement between the two sides were the issue of Jerusalem, the border and land, the ghettos and Palestinian refugees.
Israel claims that Jerusalem is its territory. It says that since the capture of East Jerusalem in 1967, Jerusalem has been its capital, but it is not recognized internationally. The Palestinian side wants East Jerusalem to be its capital.
The Palestinians demand that the Arab-Israeli war that lasted six days, or the situation before June 4, 1967, determine its boundaries, which Israel refuses to accept.
Jewish settlements have been settled by Israel on occupied lands. They are illegal under international laws. More than half a million Jews live in these settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
The actual number of Palestinian refugees depends on who counts it. The PLO says that their number is more than one crore. Half of these people are registered with the United Nations. The Palestinians say that these refugees have the right to return to their land. But the land they are talking about is Israel today, and if that happens, what will happen to its identity as a Jewish nation.
Is Palestine a Country?
The United Nations recognizes Palestine as a 'non-member-observer state'.
The Palestinians have the right to participate in General Assembly meetings and debates to improve their chances of subscribing to UN organizations.
In 2011, Palestine applied for full membership but it did not happen.
More than 70% of the United Nations General Assembly members recognize Palestine as a state.
Why is America the main partner of Israel? Who has the support of Palestine?
For this, the importance of the pro-Israel vigorous lobby in America has to be understood. Public opinion in the US also supports Israel's stand.
Therefore, it is virtually impossible for a US president to withdraw support from Israel.
Apart from this, both countries are also military allies. Israel has received the most help from the United States. This help comes in the form of arms purchases and money.
However, in 2016, when the Security Council was voting on criticism of Israel's Jewish settlements policy, the Obama administration did not exercise its veto power.
But after the arrival of Donald Trump in the White House, the relationship between the two countries got new life. The US moved its embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. With this, America became the first country in the world to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.
In the last days of his term, President Trump was successful in normalizing Israel's relations with wealthy Arab countries.
However, since the Biden administration took power, Israel has adopted a strategy to distance itself from the risky conflict in Palestine. Experts say that the Biden administration sees this as a problem that requires huge political capital and what will be achieved is not sure.
US support to Israel continues, but the Biden administration's diplomacy appears to be a precaution. However, after the current violence, Biden may face criticism from his party's left wing, which have been critical of Israel.
On the other hand Turkey, Pakistan, China, India, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Syria, Iran and many Arab countries are with Palestinian people on the issue of Palestine. There is a feeling of sympathy for the Palestinians in Arab countries.
What is the way to peace and what needs to be done for it?
Experts say that for permanent peace, Israel should accept the sovereignty of the Palestinians, including Hamas. He should end the blockade with Gaza and also lift restrictions in the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
On the other hand, Palestinian factions have to abandon the path of violence for permanent peace and accept Israel.
Both sides have to reach an acceptable agreement on the issue of borders, Jewish settlements and the return of Palestinian refugees.
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Siagona kindermanni is een keversoort uit de familie van de loopkevers (Carabidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1861 door Chaudoir.

kindermanni

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Shopify Marketing: How and Why You Should Integrate Your App
by Chris Geiss
Frankenstein's monster never won a beauty contest, and even the Bride shrieked at his touch. Now, to be fair, she didn't get a chance to look in the mirror, but some makeup to hide his stitches might have given the creature a shot. When it comes to marketing technology, merchants also stitch together Frankenstein solutions, using many apps at the same time—a situation that can lead to a not-so-pretty experience for both merchants and their customers.
But it doesn't have to be this way. As app developers, we can focus on how we all integrate with Shopify, and be greater than the sum of our parts. The new Shopify Marketing section within the Shopify Admin is the foundation for hiding our stitches.
"As app developers, we can focus on how we all integrate with Shopify, and be greater than the sum of our parts."
Released before Black Friday/Cyber Monday 2018, Shopify Marketing is a relatively new place to help merchants create, launch, and measure campaigns. The initial focus was to provide merchants with a place within Shopify where they could create ads through Google, Facebook, and later Snapchat. Now though, any partner can integrate with Shopify Marketing, and a handful of trailblazers are already listed in the Works with Shopify Marketing collection in the app store. Your app would look nice on that page too.
In this article, we share the benefits we've experienced by integrating with Shopify Marketing, and the simple steps you can follow to extend your app into this new area.
Build apps for Shopify merchants
Whether you want to build apps for the Shopify App Store, offer private app development services, or are looking for ways to grow your user base, the Shopify Partner Program will set you up for success. Join for free and access educational resources, developer preview environments, and recurring revenue share opportunities.
The promise of Shopify Marketing
When merchants want to build their brand, foster community, and drive traffic to their shop, they must work on a number of different channels. Because of this, the natural progression of a merchant's marketing stack has always been to start small with one app at a time, and then later replace them all with a multi-channel marketing platform. This decision is usually driven by wanting to more easily orchestrate campaigns across channels and consolidate reporting.
Shopify Marketing was built exactly for that reason—to remove the need to graduate. Now, merchants can start small and add or swap apps as needed. Maybe they get going with Facebook ads and email marketing, and later incorporate Snapchat ads and SMS. Being able to evolve their marketing stack without ever having to change how they create campaigns, while always keeping their historical data together in one place, is nothing short of magical.
To put it more simply, Shopify Marketing significantly reduces the learning curve for new marketers, allows experienced marketers to build a custom stack of their favorite apps, and enables both to scale in whatever way is best for them.
Marketing is consistently listed as the largest challenge merchants face. While that shows there is still tremendous opportunity for developers of marketing apps, it also means more of the same isn't the answer. The only way we're going to truly make marketing easier is by working together, through Shopify. To fully realize this opportunity though, it takes a small leap of faith. It asks us partners to trust the power of the platform and that of the ecosystem.
"Marketing is consistently listed as the largest challenge merchants face. While that shows there is still tremendous opportunity for developers of marketing apps, it also means more of the same isn't the answer."
But why should you invest in Shopify Marketing and how much effort is it? Keep reading.
You might also like: How to Build Multilingual Shopify Apps.
The benefits for app developers
What's good for merchants is good for developers. The ease of use and trust that comes naturally from being embedded within the Shopify Admin also happens to lead to better usage and retention of your app. Removing the typical learning curve and context switching that comes with non-embedded apps is a breath of fresh air for merchants. And being an early adopter of the marketing activities app extension will certainly provide some nice exposure in the app store, too.
The larger benefits, in my opinion, all come down to focus. Instead of feeling like you have to continually expand your app into new areas to compete for or retain customers, you can focus on being the best at what is core to your business. Just as it's important for merchants to find their niche early on, the same is true for apps—especially if your app is newer and you are competing against large incumbents. As more and more merchants start to see Shopify as the heart of their marketing platform, the deeper you integrate with Shopify the larger your competitive advantage.
Remember the old days when users of software would simply deal with a terrible experience? That certainly has not been the case for a while now, as great design and usability are equally important to whether your app even functions. Accessibility is equally important too, and it's great to see that finally starting to get the attention it deserves.
But when it comes to users of any platform, Shopify included, I think the next evolution will be users demanding native, seamless integrations where they remain in flow, and where the familiarity enables them to pick up new tools faster than ever. Luckily for us, no other commerce platform invests more into being a true platform than Shopify. Polaris, App Bridge, and app extensions all enable us to deliver the experience merchants will demand tomorrow, today.
"I think the next evolution will be users demanding native, seamless integrations where they remain in flow, and where the familiarity enables them to pick up new tools faster than ever."
When leveraging these tools, you actually have to build less, so you can ship your new app or feature faster. Each extension allows you to plug into a robust system that brings more power (read: value) to your app with minimal work on your part.
But it's not just about the features. You also get the power of the extensions network. By that, I mean immediate access to thousands of merchants using or discovering these systems every day, as well as potentially marketable integrations with other partners. When partners come knocking to integrate with Seguno, we either already are, or ask them to better integrate with Shopify so we can be. Win-win...win.
You might also like: Order Editing: What This Means for Shopify App Developers.
How to integrate with Shopify Marketing
Creating a marketing activities app extension is very straightforward and quick. There is a lot of great documentation to support you, so read through it all before getting started. Also, pay attention to the changelog on a regular basis to not miss any important updates.
At a high level, the implementation requires the following.
1. Defining the form
Using Shopify's form builder inside the Partner Dashboard, define the fields necessary for your activity to participate in a marketing campaign. There are many components to choose from. Some of these are generic, like text and numbers, while others allow you to access Shopify data, like products and discounts. To make the form easier to consume, hover between fields and set a divider to group related fields together in the same card.
The form builder, highlighting where to set a divider.
2. Building REST endpoints
You will then need to build a set of REST endpoints that respond to various actions the merchant can perform with the activity, eg: create, pause, delete, etc. This is how Shopify communicates with your app. If you have used Shopify webhooks before, the implementation requirements are nearly identical from both a security and response time standpoint. A very important one is the preload endpoint, which allows you to set form defaults as well as provide the corresponding data from previously created activities. Shopify does not store the form data, so you are responsible for associating the activity ID with your data models.
3. Providing a preview
One of the most important parts is the preview. This is shown to the right of the form, and allows merchants to see what the finished product will look like as they make changes to the form before publishing. This preview can either be an image or a URL, and it is defined alongside the other REST endpoints. You will need to balance which format provides the best experience based on how easy it is for you to dynamically update it any time the form changes. One benefit of using a URL is being able to hover over links to verify the destination is correct.
Activity creation form with the preview shown to the right.
4. Using GraphQL
You will use the GraphQL API to communicate with Shopify as your activity moves through its various states. If you have not stepped into the GraphQL world yet, this is the perfect opportunity to get more comfortable with it.
After creating the activity, unless this is a storefront app tactic, you need to asynchronously update the activity to provide your UTM parameters. These parameters are what Shopify uses to know how your marketing content drove visitors to the shop. Shopify handles the conversion tracking from there so sales can be attributed to your app in reports. This means you do not need your own conversion tracking script on the storefront—and as we all know, the fewer scripts, the better.
5. Tracking engagements
While Shopify tracks what goes on once a visitor lands on the shop, you need to track how people engage with your marketing content before they decide to click. Which engagements are relevant will depend on the channel. For example, a social post may have impressions, comments, shares, favorites, and clicks.
This data can be sent along as the events happen, or in batches, depending on the needs of your application. Submitting this data back to Shopify allows the activity report to present a more complete picture of the effectiveness of a merchant's marketing efforts.
You might also like: The Shopify GraphQL Learning Kit.
What it takes to integrate properly
If you're developing a new app, you have the benefit of planning your product around the marketing activities extension. I would challenge you to take full advantage and only build complementary interfaces. That might include account settings and a more robust editor, if applicable for your medium, but probably not much else. Treat the marketing section as your front end, and let it handle the UI for activity creation, listing, editing, and reporting. That basically leaves you building the backend brains and delivery of the content itself. You'll be yelling "It's alive!" in no time.
"You'll be yelling 'It's alive!' in no time."
If you have a more mature or complex app and are looking to integrate, start small. Start with your most popular activity and see how it resonates with users. Consider any ramifications of having some duplicative interfaces and entry points for creating these activities. But do not become defensive at the thought of users not coming into your app to do their work—instead, think of this app extension as, wait for it, an extension of your app.
A good analogy is to envision your interface as the desktop experience, where you can use all functions to the fullest extent. Then, think about Shopify Marketing as the mobile experience, where streamlined versions of select features are there when users want speed and simplicity. Both have their place.
To get that streamlined version, you need smart defaults. All form items should have a few relevant choices and recommended options selected by default. More importantly, however, are options not even present on the form. There are only certain field types and you do not want to clutter the form, so be picky and trim as much fat as possible. If you can make a decision that works for 80 percent of users, then simply make the choice for them. You can always allow further customizations inside your app if they want to go deeper.
Since you are only in control of the form and not the surrounding page, use banners in the preload endpoint response to provide contextual information specific to your app. For example, during creation, you could let users know theme settings are in your app. Or, after an activity is complete, mention that you have additional metrics not covered by the activity report.
These banners can contain links for more information, educational resources, and even a call to action button. When applicable, provide deep links right to the page of interest inside your app. And vice versa: provide a link from your app to the corresponding activity, so hopping back and forth is one click instead of many.
Shopify Marketing is still young, but we could not be more excited about this collective opportunity. As we all take advantage of these extensions and frameworks, the lines blur for merchants and it becomes far easier to deliver effective marketing campaigns that grow their business. They are presented with a shared experience that is familiar and saves them time. They are equipped with multi-channel campaign creation and consolidated reporting for simpler analysis. Our stitches start to disappear and merchants no longer feel like separate apps are powering their marketing platform behind the scenes.
As Shopify Marketing evolves, I think the lines could start to blur more for consumers as well. Touchpoints across multiple channels being aware of each other and acting accordingly will lead to sophisticated customer journeys. These types of personalized experiences increase engagement, reduce fatigue, and grow revenue.
"Touchpoints across multiple channels being aware of each other and acting accordingly will lead to sophisticated customer journeys."
Shopify is exceptional at making sophisticated technology accessible to merchants of any size and being able to scale with them every step of the way. Now, they're bringing that same mindset to marketing. The truth is no other platform is bold enough to take on this challenge and no partner ecosystem is more capable of rising up to make it a reality. Join Shopify and your fellow partners in building the monster marketing platform every merchant will want a piece of.
What opportunities does the marketing activities app extension provide for your app? Share your thoughts below.
Chris Geiss
Chris is the founder of Seguno, the app where merchants manage their email marketing without ever leaving Shopify. His guilty pleasure is Taylor Swift but all-time favorite band is Rush. And in his spare time, oh wait, he has two kids.
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Alka Sirohi Current Affairs, GK & News
Alka Sirohi appointed as UPSC chairman
President Pranab Mukherjee has appointed former IAS officer Alka Sirohi as chairman of Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) as per Article 316 of Constitution. She will replace Deepak Gupta who demits office on 20th September 2016. She will be in office till completion of her term as member on January 3, 2017. About Alka Sirohi ..
Month: Current Affairs - September, 2016
Topics: Alka Sirohi • appointments • National • Persons in News • UPSC


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Proposed California solar mandate could add $10,500 to cost of a house
David R. Baker and Kurtis Alexander May 7, 2018 Updated: May 7, 2018 5:14 p.m.
Proposed California solar mandate could add $10,500 to...
1of3Workers install solar panels on a house in Sunnyvale in 2016. The state is considering requiring all homes built after Jan. 1, 2020, to include solar arrays, part the fight against global warming.Photo: Michael Noble Jr. / The Chronicle 2016
2of3FILE - In this Friday, April 29, 2011, file photo, solar panels line the roof of Ikea's Brooklyn store, in New York. The solar panel installer SolarCity said in December 2013 that it is starting to offer battery packs made by electric car maker Tesla Motors, whose CEO is also the chairman of SolarCity. The battery packs will allow customers a way to provide backup power and lower electric bills. (AP Photo/Mark Lennihan, File)Photo: Mark Lennihan, ASSOCIATED PRESS
3of3SunPower solar panels are seen installed on a new home being built at a Mertiage Home's community called Kingston Square on Friday, January 6, 2017 in Hayward, Calif.Photo: Lea Suzuki / The Chronicle
California may soon become the first state in the nation to require that virtually every new home be equipped with solar panels.
The California Energy Commission on Wednesday is expected to mandate solar arrays on almost all new single-family houses built after Jan. 1, 2020, as part of the state's fight against global warming. The rule also would apply to new multifamily buildings up to three stories tall.
The proposal, years in the making, would provide an immense boost to the state's solar industry, which lost jobs in 2017 after years of rapid growth. It would also move California closer to a long-held goal of creating "zero net-energy" buildings, which generate as much electricity as they use over the course of a year.
But the solar requirement would come at a cost.
Together with tough new efficiency standards for windows and insulation that the commission will consider Wednesday, the solar mandate could add $10,538 to the cost of building a house, by the agency's own estimate. The extra expense would hit at a time when California is suffering a severe and deepening housing affordability crisis.
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The move's supporters insist the solar homes would save their owners money by slashing monthly utility bills. That savings could be worth $16,251 over the 30-year life of the house, according to the commission.
"We do not minimize the cost of housing in the state — everyone recognizes that's an issue," said Andrew McAllister, one of the Energy Commission's five voting members. "Their cash-flow position will be improved with the addition of solar. It won't make it worse."
Although housing developers had concerns about the move, Bob Raymer with the California Building Industry Association said the commission had given the new rule enough flexibility to make it work — for example, if the roof is too small or shaded, the builder can compensate by using energy-efficiency measures inside the house. And he agreed that the energy savings for the new solar homes would offset the up-front costs.
"We're going to be able to look the home buyer in the eye and say, 'You are going to get your money back,'" said Raymer, the group's technical director.
California first started imposing new energy-efficiency standards for homes in the 1970s, slowly ratcheting them up over time. As a result, per-capita electricity demand in the state largely stayed flat, even as it grew elsewhere in the country.
The fight against global warming gave those standards new urgency. In 2007, both the Energy Commission and the California Public Utilities Commission set a nonbinding goal of having all new residential construction by 2020 be zero net-energy.
That same year, the state initiated solar financial incentive programs both for new homes and owners of existing houses. But the state's solar market was still in its early stages, and it wasn't clear whether or how California could meet its zero net-energy goal.
"If you think about the context of 10 or 12 years ago, things were a lot different," McAllister said. "Solar was not an everyday thing. Well, now it is."
About 20 percent of new homes in California are built with rooftop solar arrays, Raymer said. And prices have tumbled as the solar industry, both in California and around the world, matured.
The national average installed cost of a new residential array has fallen by more than half since 2007, according to the annual "Tracking the Sun" survey from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. In California, the median price hit $4.3 per watt in 2016, the most recent year for which data are available. For a 3-kilowatt system, that adds up to $12,900.
California's solar industry endured a rough 2017, as a longer-than-usual rainy season and state regulatory changes drove down both new solar installations and employment for the first time in years. About 86,400 Californians worked in solar power last year, down 13 percent from 2016.
Then in January, President Trump dealt the industry another setback when he imposed temporary tariffs on imported solar panels, which will push up the installed price of new solar arrays unless installers find ways to trim their own operational costs.
McAllister said the commission revised its calculations following the tariff announcement and concluded that the new rule would still make financial sense.
"It's very clear that solar will be cost-effective," he said.
To environmentalists, the move is an important step to curbing greenhouse gas emissions. When the electricity they use is factored in, buildings represent the second-largest source of greenhouse gases in the state, behind only transportation. California law calls for cutting the state's total carbon emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030.
"This is a key measure to reduce (greenhouse gases) in the building sector, which is one area in California where there hasn't been enough attention," said Rachel Golden, a senior campaign representative for the Sierra Club. "We have strong policies to clean up the utility sector, strong policies on transportation, but we don't have strong policies on the decarbonization of buildings."
David R. Baker and Kurtis Alexander are San Francisco Chronicle staff writers. Email: dbaker@sfchronicle.com, kalexander@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @DavidBakerSF @kurtisalexander
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Man Who Refused To Get Vaccinated Due To His Fear Of Needles Dies Of COVID-19
Nirmal Varghese | Jan 12 2022, 08:22AM EST
A 51-year-old man, who refused to get vaccinated because of his fear of needles, died from Covid-19 on Thursday, Jan. 6.
Stewart Gilray, a Scottish computer games developer and CEO of the development company Just Add Water, reportedly contracted the novel coronavirus in December and was hospitalized in critical condition on Dec. 20.
Gilray had not been vaccinated as he reportedly had a fear of needles and was too afraid to get the jab. After undergoing treatment for several weeks, Gilray succumbed to the virus and died on Thursday, Jan. 6, the Daily Mail reported.
Shortly before he was admitted to the hospital, Gilray, a father-of-two, from Aberdeen, described having COVID-19 as "horrendous" and said that he "didn't wish this on anyone."
After his sudden demise, Gilray's widow Bec Gilray has urged the public who are worried about getting vaccinated to overcome their fears and get the shot as soon as possible.
"Gilray had a serious fear of needles. In all seriousness, in 25 years he had one blood test," she said.
"He avoided trying to go to the doctor's in case they ever needed to draw blood, but the truth is Gilray wasn't poorly in the 25 years I knew him. He was fit. He could have lost a stone or two like the rest of us, but, he genuinely believed he was going to survive this virus because he was healthy," she said.
When Gilray was first admitted to the hospital with COVID-19, the virus reportedly seized upon a previously undiagnosed lung condition. Gilray subsequently lost his ability to breathe on his own. His condition rapidly declined and he was eventually put into an induced coma, the Mirror reported.
"Before he was intubated he said to me 'there's nothing to worry about. I'm going to be fine. I just need a little rest," Bec said.
Gilray reportedly graduated from the Aberdeen College of Commerce in the late 80s and then worked as a freelance games programmer for several big companies in the 90s such as Psygnosis ltd, Bullfrog, and Argonaut. He then moved to Didcot to work for publisher 21st Century Entertainment.
Gilray's friend and fellow developer John Romero posted on Twitter and expressed his disbelief regarding Gilray's sudden demise.
"It's hard to believe he's gone," he said.
"Stewart Gilray was a good friend and always there whenever anyone needed him, including me. He was one of the good ones. I'm grateful for our friendship and thinking of his wife Bec, kids and many friends he's left behind," Romero said.
Gilray leaves behind his son Elliot, 15, and his three-year-old daughter Darcey.
A 51-year-old man, who refused to get vaccinated because of his fear of needles, died from COVID-19 on Thursday, Dec. 6. This is a representational image. Pixabay
Tags: News, #Covid-19, #coronavirusvaccine
Nirmal Varghese
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Its Just a Feeling. . .
Leslie Hewitt: Its Just a Feeling. . .
D'Amelio Terras is pleased to present our first project with artist Leslie Hewitt. The site-specific installation created for our front room space consists of a triad of works: a video projection, a photo sculpture and a text by writer Rose Oluronke Ojo. The individual parts support each other formally as well as conceptually.
The freestanding wall in the center of the room is a platform for two of the works. The grainy Hi-8 video recording of a performance resembling raw footage is projected on to one side of the wall. A geometric structure evocative of an awning is hung low on the other. A composite of found 1970's news imagery and a textbook definition of the word "consume" published in the mid-80s create a montage that covers the surface of the marquee.
Here, as in her earlier projects, Hewitt addresses the architectural space and history through photographic and sculptural means. She takes a stance to privilege the flux of a vernacular aesthetic that includes formal concerns of color, light, shadow, composition, balance, scale and function while acknowledging the history embedded in sculptural forms. Hewitt's work questions both the visual and physical experience through archiving the intangibles of life, and transforms the residue of popular culture in the realm of the personal. The works together pose questions about the conundrum of the past and its connection to the contemporary moment.
Leslie Hewitt is currently an artist in residence at the Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, NY. In 2007 her exhibition Replica Of A Lost Original was presented in the project room at Artists Space, New York, NY. In 2005  2007 she was a resident at the CORE program, Museum of Fine Arts Houston, Houston, TX. Her past exhibitions have included The Bronx Museum of the Arts, New York, NY; Sculpture Center, New York, NY; and LAXART, Los Angeles, CA. Hewitt's work is in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY.


The Wolf Hunters | Movie4Cast - The Most Complete Movie Community Platform!
Compared to his later "A" westerns, director Oscar "Budd" Boetticher's The Wolf Hunters is often exasperatingly slow. This was the second of producer Lindsley Parson's efforts to create a series based on the Great White North yarns of James Oliver Curwood. Kirby Grant plays a Canadian Mountie who follows a fugitive to a small fur-trapping community. Most of the action is handled by Chinook, a handsome German Shepherd. Jan Clayton handles the leading-lady responsibilities, while the supporting cast includes Charles Lang and Helen Parrish, who were then husband and wife (Parrish later married TV producer John Guedel, of People are Funny and Best of Groucho fame).


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UCR ARTS
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UCR ARTS is now open.
UCR ARTS is excited to welcome you back to the galleries with Free Admission. Thanks to the generosity of our sponsors Altura Credit Union and Anheuser-Busch, we can now offer you Free Admission to the museum and art center. Advance reservations are strongly encouraged. To reserve your ticket, click here.
New website is now being designed, built, coded.
Stay tuned for UCR ARTS new web site to launch mid-Fall.
The Culver Film Series is back!
Check our film listings for tickets.
Virtual offerings and online programs will continue to be offered through VIRTUAL UCR ARTS.
Sign-up for email updates about our exhibitions, program and films.
Turn Me On, Dammit!
Directed by: Jannicke Systad Jacobsen
Norway | 85 minutes | Unrated
Friday, August 17, 2012, 7pm - 9pm
Saturday, August 18, 2012, 7pm - 9pm
Alma is 15 years old and overcome with hormones. Her daydreams and fantasies focus on her crush, Artur. After finally having an encounter with Artur, gossip at school begins to unravel Alma's friendships, all the while Alma's single mother tries to sort out her daughters behavior for herself.
"Alma, a jonquil-thin blonde is 15 and sprouting in the Norwegian town of Skoddeheimen, where there's one bus stop and many, many sheep. She lives with her single mother in a state of chronic frustration, sexual and social. Awash in hormones, Alma has two outlets: sexual fantasy and pleasuring herself. This disarming droll first feature from documentary filmmaker Jannicke Jacobsen, is that rare thing, a movie that says shame on sexual shame and double shame on the double standard. It is the opposite of prurient because Jacobsen encourages the audience to identify with Alma rather than to objectify her. This movie is Exhibit A in an argument that there is a difference when a woman is behind the camera." - Carrie Rickey, Philadelphia Inquirer
Winner, Best Screenplay, Tribeca Film Festival, 2011
*Subtitled
Events in Focus
Lift Your Head: Bruce Davidson and the Evolution of Seeing
Director: Pablo Larraín
Longleash
Outpost Concert Series 2021-22
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Karamba Janneh (born October 10, 1989 in Banjul, The Gambia) is a Gambian footballer who currently plays for KidSuper Samba AC in the Eastern Premier Soccer League.

Career
Janneh made his debut for VSI Tampa Bay on 30 March 2013 against Phoenix FC.

Janneh made a professional return to Tampa on April 14, 2016, when he announced as part of the initial roster for the Tampa Bay Rowdies' NPSL reserve side Rowdies 2.

Personal life
Karamba played during his youth, college and university career besides, his three-year younger brother Lamin Kere (born 1992).

He starred for John F. Kennedy High School in the Bronx, recording 88 goals and 33 assists in only 32 games between 10th and 12th grade.

References

External links
 VSI Tampa Bay Profile.

1989 births
Living people
Gambian footballers
Gambian expatriate footballers
Ocala Stampede players
VSI Tampa Bay FC players
Dayton Dutch Lions players
Kitsap Pumas players
Association football forwards
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
USL League Two players
National Premier Soccer League players
USL Championship players
Tampa Bay Rowdies 2 players
F.A. Euro players


You are the party, I am the guestlist - Lifestyle management for the individual, corporate or group traveler.
Let us help you organize your trip or event and benefit from our many years of experience in the travel and event industry. We provide customized services mainly in Ibiza, Mykonos, L.A., Las Vegas and Miami.
VIPSERVICE - Monika Milde e.U.


The Curl BC Skill Awards Program is a five-level series of tests to reward junior curlers as they learn more about the game. Junior curlers can earn badges as they complete five levels, Red (Novice), Blue (Junior), Bronze (Intermediate), Silver (Intermediate) and Gold (Advanced).
Junior curlers getting their Skill Awards badges during their season wind-up at Cloverdale Curling Club.
The program is open to all junior-aged curlers (under 20 yrs of age) who belong to a youth program administered by a curling club which is affiliated with Curl BC. The co-ordinators of these youth programs may use the Skill Awards Program as part of their junior development program.


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ACG clinical guidelines: Diagnosis and management of celiac disease
Alberto Rubio-Tapia, Ivor D. Hill, Ciarán P. Kelly, Audrey H. Calderwood, Joseph A. Murray
This guideline presents recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with celiac disease. Celiac disease is an immune-based reaction to dietary gluten (storage protein for wheat, barley, and rye) that primarily affects the small intestine in those with a genetic predisposition and resolves with exclusion of gluten from the diet. There has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of celiac disease over the last 50 years and an increase in the rate of diagnosis in the last 10 years. Celiac disease can present with many symptoms, including typical gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain) and also non-gastrointestinal abnormalities (e.g., abnormal liver function tests, iron deficiency anemia, bone disease, skin disorders, and many other protean manifestations). Indeed, many individuals with celiac disease may have no symptoms at all. Celiac disease is usually detected by serologic testing of celiac-specific antibodies. The diagnosis is confirmed by duodenal mucosal biopsies. Both serology and biopsy should be performed on a gluten-containing diet. The treatment for celiac disease is primarily a gluten-free diet (GFD), which requires significant patient education, motivation, and follow-up. Non-responsive celiac disease occurs frequently, particularly in those diagnosed in adulthood. Persistent or recurring symptoms should lead to a review of the patient's original diagnosis to exclude alternative diagnoses, a review of the GFD to ensure there is no obvious gluten contamination, and serologic testing to confirm adherence with the GFD. In addition, evaluation for disorders associated with celiac disease that could cause persistent symptoms, such as microscopic colitis, pancreatic exocrine dysfunction, and complications of celiac disease, such as enteropathy-associated lymphoma or refractory celiac disease, should be entertained. Newer therapeutic modalities are being studied in clinical trials, but are not yet approved for use in practice. Given the incomplete response of many patients to a GFD-free diet as well as the difficulty of adherence to the GFD over the long term, development of new effective therapies for symptom control and reversal of inflammation and organ damage are needed. The prevalence of celiac disease is increasing worldwide and many patients with celiac disease remain undiagnosed, highlighting the need for improved strategies in the future for the optimal detection of patients.
American Journal of Gastroenterology
https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.79
10.1038/ajg.2013.79
Dive into the research topics of 'ACG clinical guidelines: Diagnosis and management of celiac disease'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Celiac Disease Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Gluten-Free Diet Medicine & Life Sciences 44%
Glutens Medicine & Life Sciences 35%
Microscopic Colitis Medicine & Life Sciences 11%
Secale Medicine & Life Sciences 10%
Steatorrhea Medicine & Life Sciences 9%
Rubio-Tapia, A., Hill, I. D., Kelly, C. P., Calderwood, A. H., & Murray, J. A. (2013). ACG clinical guidelines: Diagnosis and management of celiac disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 108(5), 656-676. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.79
ACG clinical guidelines : Diagnosis and management of celiac disease. / Rubio-Tapia, Alberto; Hill, Ivor D.; Kelly, Ciarán P. et al.
In: American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 108, No. 5, 05.2013, p. 656-676.
Rubio-Tapia, A, Hill, ID, Kelly, CP, Calderwood, AH & Murray, JA 2013, 'ACG clinical guidelines: Diagnosis and management of celiac disease', American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 108, no. 5, pp. 656-676. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.79
Rubio-Tapia A, Hill ID, Kelly CP, Calderwood AH, Murray JA. ACG clinical guidelines: Diagnosis and management of celiac disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2013 May;108(5):656-676. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.79
Rubio-Tapia, Alberto ; Hill, Ivor D. ; Kelly, Ciarán P. et al. / ACG clinical guidelines : Diagnosis and management of celiac disease. In: American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2013 ; Vol. 108, No. 5. pp. 656-676.
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title = "ACG clinical guidelines: Diagnosis and management of celiac disease",
abstract = "This guideline presents recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with celiac disease. Celiac disease is an immune-based reaction to dietary gluten (storage protein for wheat, barley, and rye) that primarily affects the small intestine in those with a genetic predisposition and resolves with exclusion of gluten from the diet. There has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of celiac disease over the last 50 years and an increase in the rate of diagnosis in the last 10 years. Celiac disease can present with many symptoms, including typical gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain) and also non-gastrointestinal abnormalities (e.g., abnormal liver function tests, iron deficiency anemia, bone disease, skin disorders, and many other protean manifestations). Indeed, many individuals with celiac disease may have no symptoms at all. Celiac disease is usually detected by serologic testing of celiac-specific antibodies. The diagnosis is confirmed by duodenal mucosal biopsies. Both serology and biopsy should be performed on a gluten-containing diet. The treatment for celiac disease is primarily a gluten-free diet (GFD), which requires significant patient education, motivation, and follow-up. Non-responsive celiac disease occurs frequently, particularly in those diagnosed in adulthood. Persistent or recurring symptoms should lead to a review of the patient's original diagnosis to exclude alternative diagnoses, a review of the GFD to ensure there is no obvious gluten contamination, and serologic testing to confirm adherence with the GFD. In addition, evaluation for disorders associated with celiac disease that could cause persistent symptoms, such as microscopic colitis, pancreatic exocrine dysfunction, and complications of celiac disease, such as enteropathy-associated lymphoma or refractory celiac disease, should be entertained. Newer therapeutic modalities are being studied in clinical trials, but are not yet approved for use in practice. Given the incomplete response of many patients to a GFD-free diet as well as the difficulty of adherence to the GFD over the long term, development of new effective therapies for symptom control and reversal of inflammation and organ damage are needed. The prevalence of celiac disease is increasing worldwide and many patients with celiac disease remain undiagnosed, highlighting the need for improved strategies in the future for the optimal detection of patients.",
author = "Alberto Rubio-Tapia and Hill, {Ivor D.} and Kelly, {Ciar{\'a}n P.} and Calderwood, {Audrey H.} and Murray, {Joseph A.}",
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AB - This guideline presents recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with celiac disease. Celiac disease is an immune-based reaction to dietary gluten (storage protein for wheat, barley, and rye) that primarily affects the small intestine in those with a genetic predisposition and resolves with exclusion of gluten from the diet. There has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of celiac disease over the last 50 years and an increase in the rate of diagnosis in the last 10 years. Celiac disease can present with many symptoms, including typical gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain) and also non-gastrointestinal abnormalities (e.g., abnormal liver function tests, iron deficiency anemia, bone disease, skin disorders, and many other protean manifestations). Indeed, many individuals with celiac disease may have no symptoms at all. Celiac disease is usually detected by serologic testing of celiac-specific antibodies. The diagnosis is confirmed by duodenal mucosal biopsies. Both serology and biopsy should be performed on a gluten-containing diet. The treatment for celiac disease is primarily a gluten-free diet (GFD), which requires significant patient education, motivation, and follow-up. Non-responsive celiac disease occurs frequently, particularly in those diagnosed in adulthood. Persistent or recurring symptoms should lead to a review of the patient's original diagnosis to exclude alternative diagnoses, a review of the GFD to ensure there is no obvious gluten contamination, and serologic testing to confirm adherence with the GFD. In addition, evaluation for disorders associated with celiac disease that could cause persistent symptoms, such as microscopic colitis, pancreatic exocrine dysfunction, and complications of celiac disease, such as enteropathy-associated lymphoma or refractory celiac disease, should be entertained. Newer therapeutic modalities are being studied in clinical trials, but are not yet approved for use in practice. Given the incomplete response of many patients to a GFD-free diet as well as the difficulty of adherence to the GFD over the long term, development of new effective therapies for symptom control and reversal of inflammation and organ damage are needed. The prevalence of celiac disease is increasing worldwide and many patients with celiac disease remain undiagnosed, highlighting the need for improved strategies in the future for the optimal detection of patients.
U2 - 10.1038/ajg.2013.79
DO - 10.1038/ajg.2013.79
JO - American Journal of Gastroenterology
JF - American Journal of Gastroenterology


Wood preservative compatible with stain?
Sunroom Improvement | Heating Cooling | Climate Control Options?
How can I bring back the white to old, yellowed, voile curtains?
We live in the Dallas Fort Worth area. We need to replace a big window that faces north. What is best aluminum or vinyl?
Please also tell me! what should be done with my old doors after replacement?


Mireo can provide turnkey solutions for your customers by providing access to our servers that run either the MireoFleet or customized (white label) system software. With the ability for your customers to register all of their GPS tracking devices and applicable data cards (SIM cards), we provide seamless integration with the MireoFleet or white label system.
Like with our AVL providers, we can integrate your GPS tracking device with our navigation package as described in the Application Engineering section.
With regard to long-term business development, Mireo has proven its ability to support a broad selection of GPS tracking devices and reliably utilize these devices with the MireoFleet, white label and customized white label solutions.
In today's competitive marketplace, it has become increasingly difficult for end users to differentiate one GPS tracking device from another.
While many of hardware providers/partners claim to have unprecedented reliability and quality, the purchase decision is often driven by the sheer cost of the unit. Through our white label solution, Mireo offers our partners a different approach that (link to white label solution OR tab) can transform their operation from box movers to full system solution providers.


Well maintained 4 bedroom, 2 bath, 2 car garage with a POOL & spa in sought after Country Ridge Estates. NO HOA! Floor plan features a separate living & dining rooms. Master bedroom has large walk-in closet, private entry to patio, double sinks. All bedrooms are spacious. Ceiling fans throughout. The kitchen offers ample cabinet & counter space, breakfast bar. All appliances included. Family room w/fireplace. Large backyard boasts a covered patio w/commercial misting system, grassy area, storage sheds. Beautiful pebble-tec pool w/waterfall perfect for the hot summer days! Above ground spa. Great location-minutes to Loop 101 & I-17. Shopping, restaurants, theaters minutes away. Close to schools & hospital. Home has solar-lease with SunRun. Quiet neighborhood!


text:
Regular Crew Launches by SpaceX, Boeing Likely Won't Start Until Summer 2020, NASA Inspector General Says
By Elizabeth Howell
NASA's regular crew launches to the International Space Station on private vehicles built by SpaceX and Boeing likely won't begin until summer 2020, warns a new report from the space agency's Office of Inspector General (OIG). The report also criticizes extra NASA payments to Boeing under the program and adds that the Commercial Crew Program (CCP) faces numerous challenges that could reduce space station crew sizes and lead to safety issues.
The agency may have to reduce the size of the crews it sends to the space station, from three U.S. astronauts to one astronaut, during the gap in commercial crew flights. This would diminish space station research, including research for future moon-landing missions that President Donald Trump's administration wants to accomplish in 2024, OIG warned in the 53-page report, released today (Nov. 14). You can read the full report from NASA's OIG here.
The report comes three months after Bill Gerstenmaier, who served as associate administrator for NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate for more than a decade, was reassigned as a special advisor to NASA Deputy Administrator Jim Morhard. A successor, Douglas Loverro, was appointed in October to oversee NASA's Artemis and Commercial Crew programs.
Video: Boeing. SpaceX 'Face Technical & Safety Issues' for Crewed Launches (opens in new tab)
Related: Crew Dragon & Starliner: A Look at the Upcoming Astronaut Taxis (opens in new tab)
Artist's illustrations of Boeing's CST-100 Starliner (left) and SpaceX's Crew Dragon capsules in orbit. (Image credit: Boeing/SpaceX)
Management at NASA received a draft of the report and agreed with the recommendations, and the agency will implement "corrective actions" that are supposed to remedy the situation, the OIG noted in its report. While NASA did not provide exact dates to address the recommendations, the report authors said NASA was responsive to the requests. However, the OIG warned that NASA's practices (as they stand now) may be leading to safety risks due to "schedule pressure."
"NASA officials reported that certification of the contractors' commercial vehicles is driven by safety rather than schedule and noted that they intend to allow Boeing and SpaceX to carry NASA astronauts only when they deem it safe to do so," the OIG wrote.
"That said, we identified numerous capabilities initially planned for testing during the uncrewed test flights that were deferred to the crewed test flights and later in the name of schedule fidelity, deferrals that could adversely impact astronaut safety. As a result, the information presented in our report cautions CCP about the potential safety risks posed by schedule pressure," the report said.
When will SpaceX and Boeing fly?
The Trump's administration, so far, is sticking to its advertised timeline of spring 2020 flights for astronauts.
In remarks at the NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California, near Silicon Valley on the same day as the OIG report release, U.S. Vice President Mike Pence promised a crowd of NASA workers and guests that, before long, "we won't have to hitch a ride with the Russians anymore.
"After years of being out of the launch business, we're going to be back," Pence said. "And before spring arrives next year, we're going to send American astronauts on American rockets from American soil back into space."
The Commercial Crew Program has been ongoing since NASA decided to retire its previous crewed spacecraft, the space shuttle, and replace the older vehicles with modern, commercial space taxis. SpaceX and Boeing both received contracts in 2014 to proceed with building the vehicles, which were then supposed to be ready in 2017.
In the meantime, NASA has been paying Roscosmos (the Russian federal space agency) to fly U.S. astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS) using Russian Soyuz spacecraft. NASA has been doing that since the shuttle's retirement, in 2011.
Both Boeing and SpaceX have demonstration flights of their spacecraft that may proceed on schedule, but the OIG report was concerned with the operational flights that are meant to largely replace the Soyuz seats that NASA purchases for its astronauts. NASA had hoped that need would diminish soon, but the OIG warned that a tough road is ahead.
"We found that Boeing and SpaceX each faced technical and safety issues that need to be addressed before they are cleared to provide crew transportation to the ISS," said Ridge Bowman, director of the NASA OIG Space Operations Directorate, in a statement posted on YouTube today (Nov. 14).
Space station crew size drop
The OIG found that regular crewed missions on SpaceX's Crew Dragon and Boeing's Starliner won't happen before summer 2020. The report also found that NASA crew sizes will need to drop from three astronauts on the U.S. segment of the ISS to a single astronaut. (A typical space station crew consists of six astronauts, including Russians, Americans, and astronauts from other partner nations and space agencies.)
"The program will continue to be challenged to establish realistic launch dates in the future," Bowman explained. "NASA likely will face a reduction in the number of crew aboard the U.S. segment of the ISS from three to one, beginning in spring 2020, given schedule delays in the Commercial Crew Program coupled with a reduction in the frequency of Soyuz flights."
Bowman said NASA's options are "limited" to close the gap in crew-travel capacity. But some ideas could include purchasing more Soyuz seats — if they are still available at this late date — or extending the missions of U.S. astronauts who fly on the ISS. A typical astronaut flies for six months, but already some astronauts have been flying for longer. That includes Christina Koch, who will be the first woman to spend nearly a year in space.
If flight opportunities diminish, NASA will have to slow down its science on the ISS. A portion of each crewmember's time is taken up with operational and urgent matters such as cleaning and maintenance. Science is possible only if these other tasks are taken care of. The ISS is supposed to serve as a proving ground for spacesuits and life-support systems ahead of the Artemis missions, as well as an avenue for expanding low-Earth manufacturing, two priorities of the Trump administration. Several senators recently recommended that the space station's lifetime be extended to 2030 from 2024, in part to continue manufacturing in orbit.
NASA overpaid Boeing
Bowman's group also found that NASA paid Boeing an additional $287.2 million above the company's fixed contract prices to "address a potential 18-month gap in crew access to the ISS" for flights expected in 2019, Bowman said. The impetus was a 13-month delay in Boeing completing its ISS design certification review.
The OIG, while allowing that hindsight makes the decision easy to criticize today, deemed the payment unnecessary, because a crew gap was not anticipated for that time. The office found that at least $187 million of the price increase was an unnecessary cost.
Other recommendations from the report include:
Recommendation 1: Creating a realistic timeline for commercial crew astronaut flights to the ISS.
Recommendation 2: Addressing "safety-critical technical issues" to make sure the crewed flights fly safely.
Recommendation 3: Negotiating with Congress (and other stakeholders) to extend the current legal waiver allowing NASA to pay Russia for Soyuz seats.
Recommendation 4: Working with Roscosmos for solutions to address the gap in commercial crew vehicles, such as purchasing more seats, extending Soyuz spacecraft dockings beyond 200 days to allow for longer crew stays and increasing the pace of Soyuz launches (which currently happen every three months).
Recommendation 5: Closely examining future commercial crew purchases to make sure they align with government contracting regulations.
After Musk's Pot Escapade, NASA Paid for SpaceX's Safety Review, But Not Boeing's (opens in new tab)
SpaceX Fires Up a Crew Dragon Abort Engine Ahead of Critical Tests (Video) (opens in new tab)
In Photos: Boeing's Starliner Pad Abort Test Launch (opens in new tab)
Follow Elizabeth Howell on Twitter @howellspace. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
Elizabeth Howell
Staff Writer, Spaceflight
Elizabeth Howell, Ph.D., is a staff writer in the spaceflight channel since 2022. She was contributing writer for Space.com (opens in new tab) for 10 years before that, since 2012. Elizabeth's reporting includes an exclusive with Office of the Vice-President of the United States, speaking several times with the International Space Station, witnessing five human spaceflight launches on two continents, working inside a spacesuit, and participating in a simulated Mars mission. Her latest book, "Why Am I Taller?", is co-written with astronaut Dave Williams. Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University and (soon) a Bachelor of History from Athabasca University. Elizabeth is also a post-secondary instructor in communications and science since 2015. Elizabeth first got interested in space after watching the movie Apollo 13 in 1996, and still wants to be an astronaut someday. Mastodon: https://qoto.org/@howellspace
NASA not in the hurry, as usual.


You know how sometimes there's something right under your nose and you keep looking around the whole house for it? This place was such a discovery for us. A friend's friend had visited the place and we were looking for a day out with girlfriends, just for some peace, quiet and loads of photo clicking!
It was pouring cats & dogs in Mumbai for the past 3 days, so I was more than happy to step out of the city and go to our neighborhood town, known for its much pleasant climate during monsoons. After a smooth drive on the expressway, me and my 3 girlfriends reached the gorgeous hillock on which the Club is located. It's on the way to FLAME and Symbiosis, I wonder how come more people have not heard of the place – considering the fact that they claim to be there since 25 years!
We reached the place well before the mentioned check in time – so we sat at their restaurant and ordered some breakfast while enjoying the scenic views and winds.
After an hour, we were told that our room is ready and we were taken to our chalet in a Golf cart. We were 4 of us, so we booked a 2 bedroom Chalet (although we all ended up sleeping in just 1 room!) The chalets were beautiful – old wooden charm to it, decor was very vintage – big chandeliers et al. Equipped with a nice sit out in the balcony where we clicked dozens of pictures tirelessly. We made the booking via booking.com – it costed us INR 8,500 + taxes for the duplex Chalet inclusive of breakfast. If we had more time, we would have loved to explore more. Try out golfing (speak to the staff about details before making reservations) They have a gorgeous badminton court – again, it needs reservation and there are extra charges for it.
All in all, we had a wonderful stay – lots of food, stories, laughter, memories were exchanged and some more were created as well.


Currency pair NZD/USD New Zealand Dollar US Dollar is trading at 0.6668. The pair continues to trade above the upper boundary of the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo Cloud, which indicates that there is an upward trend for the pair New Zealand Dollar/US Dollar. The test of the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo signal line region is expected near the level of 0.6645, from where we can expect an attempt to rebound and further growth of the NZD/USD pair with a target near the level of 0.6770.
An additional signal in favor of the growth of the pair NZD/USD will be a rebound from the support area, as well as a test of the lower boundary of the upward channel. Earlier, a weak signal was received for BUY the New Zealand Dollar, due to the intersection of signal lines at the level of 0.6515.
Cancellation of the option of falling quotations of the pair NZD/USD will be the breakdown of the upper boundary of the Ichimoku Kinko Hyo Cloud with the closing of quotations above the 0.6555 area. This option will indicate a change in the upward trend in favor of the downward trend and the continuation of the fall of the pair. Expect to accelerate the growth of quotations NZD/USD stands with the breakdown of the resistance area and closing above the level of 0.6705.
NZD/USD forecast New Zealand Dollar November 6, 2018 implies an attempt to test the support level near 0.6645, from which one can expect continued growth of the currency pair with a potential target near 0.6770. Cancellation of the growth of the pair will be a breakdown of the area of 0.6555, which will indicate the continuation of the fall.


text:
Lithia Posts Record Revenues for 2013
February 20, 2014 • by Brittany-Marie Swanson
MEDFORD, Ore. — Lithia Motors reported its highest fourth quarter adjusted net income in the company's history — $25.7 million, or $0.98 per diluted share — during a Feb. 19 investor call. Net income for the same quarter in 2012 was $19.3 million, or $0.74 per diluted share.
The company's revenue exceeded $1 billion in the fourth quarter and $4 billion for the full year. "This is the highest annual revenue in our history and an increase of 21% over the prior year," said Bryan Deboer, CEO, president and director of Lithia. "For the full year 2013, we grew same-store revenue 15%. This was on top of same-store revenue increases of 23% in 2012, 22% in 2011 and 18% in 2010."
Also during the quarter, total same-store sales increased 11%. New vehicles same store sales also increased 11%, while used vehicle retail same store sales increased 16%.
"On a unit basis, we sold over 16,000 new vehicles, an increase of 1,300 units, or 9%, which was above the national average of 6%," Deboer reported. "We sold approximately 13,100 retail used vehicles, resulting in a used-to-new ratio of 0.8 to 1."
Gross profit per new vehicle retailed was $2,325, a decrease of $72 from a year ago. Gross profit per used vehicle retailed was $2,570, compared to $2,445 in the fourth quarter of 2012, an increase of $125 per unit.
Deboer pointed out that store personnel evaluate overall gross profit per retail vehicle sale to evaluate their own individual performance. "To calculate this, we add total gross profit on new and retail used vehicles plus F&I profit and wholesale profit, and divide it by total new and retail used units sold. In the fourth quarter, the blended overall gross profit per unit was $3,621, compared to $3,540 last year or an increase of $81."
Lithia dealerships recorded a monthly average of 53 used vehicles per store, up from 48 units in 2012. The company is aiming to increase that number to 75 used vehicles per store in the coming year.
F&I penetrations also increased during the fourth quarter. "Our F&I per vehicle was $1,174 per unit, compared to $1,096 per unit last year," Deboer said. "Of the 29,200 vehicles we sold in the quarter, we arranged financing on 72%, sold a service contract on 43% and sold a lifetime oil product on 37%."
Of the vehicles the company financed in the fourth quarter, 11% were to subprime customers.
The company's penetration rates in service contracts and lifetime oil sales increased 240 and 340 basis points, respectively. Service, body and parts sales increased 8% from the fourth quarter of 2012. "This was on top of last year's 8% increase over the fourth quarter of 2011," Deboer added.
During 2013, the company purchased 7 stores, which represents $273 million in estimated annual revenues.
Read more about F&I Lithia Lithia Motors new-vehicle sales Quarterly Earnings
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November Auto Loan Interest Rates Hit 21-Month Low
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Kelley Blue Book reports the average cost to buy a new vehicle was $38,393 last month, a 1% year-over-year increase restrained by frantic efforts to move 2019-MY inventory.


University of Pennsylvania, Ph.D. in English, 1964.
University of Pennsylvania, A.M. in English, 1959.
Doane College, A.B. in English, 1957.
Research Fellowship, Huntington Library, 2012.
Order of Lincoln, Lincoln Academy, 2009.
Honorary Degree, D. H. L., Doane College, 2009.
Book Prize for Lincoln's Sword, Abraham Lincoln Institute, 2007.
Lincoln Prize for Lincoln's Sword, Gettysburg College, 2007.
Honorary Degree, Litt. D., Knox College, 2007.
Residency, Rockefeller Foundation Study Center at Bellagio, 2004.
Lincoln Diploma of Honor, Lincoln Memorial University, 2000.
Lincoln Prize for Honor's Voice, Gettysburg College, 1999.
Barondess/Lincoln Award, Civil War Roundtable of New York, 1999.
Book Prize for Honor's Voice, Abraham Lincoln Institute, 1999.
Research Fellowship, Massachusetts Historical Society, 1999.
Book Prize for Herndon's Informants, Abraham Lincoln Institute, 1998.
Award of Achievement, Lincoln Group of New York, 1998.
Elected to membership, American Antiquarian Society, 1995.
Fellowship, Huntington Library, 1981, 1991, 1992.
Alumni Award for Distinguished Scholarship, Doane College, 1991.
Outstanding Faculty Award, Knox College, 1991.
Lester J. Cappon Research Associate, Newberry Library, 1985-86.
Research grants, American Council of Learned Societies, 1981, 1985.
Research Fellowship, National Endowment for the Humanities, 1982-83.
Research grant, American Philosophical Society, 1980.
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"Lincoln Answers His Critics," Disunion Series, New York Times, June 12, 2013.
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"His Hour Upon the Stage," The American Scholar (Winter 2012): 60-69.
"The Once and Future Gettysburg Address," Long Remembered: Lincoln and His Five Versions of the Gettysburg Address, Commentary by Lloyd A. Dunlap, David C. Mearns, John R. Sellers, and Douglas L. Wilson (Library of Congress in Association with the Levenger Press (2011): 87-94, 109-12.
"Abraham Lincoln and the Shaping of Public Opinion," in Lincoln's Legacy of Leadership, ed. George R. Goethals and Gary L. McDowell, 2010.
"Prospects for Lincoln 2.5," Journal of American History, 96:2 September 2009: 1-3.
"Reflections on Lincoln and English Studies," College English, 72:2 (2009): 156-57.
"Groundwork for Greatness: Abraham Lincoln to 1854, " Abraham Lincoln: A Legacy for Freedom, U. S. Department of State, 2008.
"Terrific in Denunciation," Humanities: The Magazine of the National Endowment for the Humanities 29.1 (2008): 16-20.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates: The Lincoln Studies Center Edition, Edited with Rodney O. Davis, University of Illinois Press, 2008.
Lincoln's Sword: The Presidency and the Power of Words. Alfred A. Knopf, 2006.
Interview on Lincoln scholarship, Lincoln Lore 1885 (2006): 2-6.
Editor with Rodney O. Davis, Herndon's Lincoln University of Illinois Press, 2006.
"Lincoln the Persuader," The American Scholar 74.4 (2006): 31-43.
"Lincoln and Abolition," History Now Issue 6, (online), 2005.
"They Said He was a Lousy Speaker," Special Lincoln Issue, Time Magazine (July 4, 2005): 68-69.
"Herndon's Dilemma: Abraham Lincoln and the Privacy Issue," Lincoln Lore 1877 (2004): 2-10.
"The Evolution of Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 112.2 (2004): 99-133.
"A Note on the Text of Lincoln's Second Inaugural," Documentary Editing 24.2 (2002): 37-41.
"Young Man Lincoln," in The Lincoln Enigma: The Changing Faces of an American Icon ed. Gabor S. Boritt. Oxford University Press (2001): 20-35.
"William H. Herndon and Mary Todd Lincoln," Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 22.2 (2001): 1-26.
"Collaborating with the Past: Remarks on Being Awarded the Lincoln Prize," in Accepting the Lincoln Prize: Two Historians Speak (2000): 39-56, (Gettysburg College).
"Keeping Lincoln's Secrets," The Atlantic Monthly 285.5 (2000): 78-88.
"Jefferson and Literacy," in Thomas Jefferson and the Education of a Citizen, ed. James Gilreath. Library of Congress (1999): 79-90.
"Lincoln and Lovejoy," "We Cannot Escape History": Papers from the Eleventh Annual Lincoln Colloquium ed. Linda Norbut Suits and Timothy P. Townsend. Lincoln Home National Historic Site, 1999.
Jefferson Abroad. Edited with Lucia Stanton. The Modern Library, 1999.
Herndon's Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln. Edited with Rodney O. Davis, University of Illinois Press, 1998.
"Lincoln's Affair of Honor," The Atlantic Monthly 281.2 (1998) 64-71, 1998.
Honor's Voice: The Transformation of Abraham Lincoln. Alfred A. Knopf, 1998.
Lincoln Before Washington: New Perspectives on the Illinois Years, University of Illinois Press, 1997.
Jefferson's Books, Monticello Monographs, 1996.
"The Unfinished Text of the Lincoln-Douglas Debates," Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 15.1 (1994): 70-84.
"A Most Abandoned Hypocrite" [unrecorded Lincoln satire], American Heritage 45.1 (1994): 36-49.
"William H. Herndon and the 'Necessary Truth,'" in Abraham Lincoln in the American Mind: Papers from the Eighth Annual Lincoln Colloquium ed. Linda Norbut Suits and George Painter. Lincoln Home National Historic Site (1994): 31-41.
"Editing Herndon's Informants," The Lincoln Herald 95.4 (1993 ): 115-23.
"Jefferson and the Republic of Letters, " in Jeffersonian Legacies, Edited by Peter S. Onuf. University Press of Virginia (1993): 50-76.
"Thomas Jefferson's Library and the French Connection," Eighteenth-Century Studies 26.4 (1993): 669-85.
"William H. Herndon and his Lincoln Informants," Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 14.1 (1993): 15-34.
"Thomas Jefferson's Library and the Skipwith List," Harvard Library Bulletin New Series 3.4 (1992-93): 56-72.
"Abraham Lincoln and 'that fatal first of January,'" Civil War History 38.2 (1992): 101-130.
"Thomas Jefferson and the Character Issue" [cover story], The Atlantic Monthly 270.5 (1992): 57-74.
"Abraham Lincoln's Indiana and the Spirit of Mortal," Indiana Magazine of History LXXXVII.2 (1991): 155-70.
"What Jefferson and Lincoln Read" [cover story], The Atlantic Monthly, 267.1 (1991): 51-62.
"Abraham Lincoln, Ann Rutledge, and the Evidence of Herndon's Informants," Civil War History, 36.4 (1990): 301-24.
"Jefferson vs. Hume," William and Mary Quarterly 3rd Series, XLVI (1989): 49-70.
Jefferson's Literary Commonplace Book, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. Editor. Second Series, Princeton University Press, 1989.
Thomas Jefferson's Library: A Catalog With the Entries in His Own Order. Edited with James Gilreath, Library of Congress, 1989.
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"Jefferson's Library," in Thomas Jefferson: A Research Biography. Edited by Merrill D. Peterson. Charles Scribner's Sons (1986): 157-79.
"Thomas Jefferson's Early Notebooks," William and Mary Quarterly 3rd Series, XLII (1985): 433-52.
"Sowerby Revisited: The Unfinished Catalogue of Jefferson's Library," William and Mary Quarterly 3rd Series, XLI (1984): 615-28.
"The American agricola: Jefferson's Agrarianism and the Classical Tradition," South Atlantic Quarterly 80.3 (1981): 339-54.
The Genteel Tradition: Nine Essays by George Santayana. Editor. Harvard University Press, 1967.
"Abraham Lincoln and his Legacy: From Emancipation to Barack Obama," Lecture Tour, People's Republic of China, sponsored by the U. S. State Department, September 14-30, 2009.
"Words Fitly Spoken: Lincoln and Language," Library of Congress Bicentennial Symposium, March 4, 2009.
"Lincoln's Rhetoric," Abraham Lincoln Symposium, Springfield, IL, February 11-12, 2008.
"Abraham Lincoln," Aspen Institute, Webcast FORA.TV, 2008.
"Lincoln as a Writer," National Book Festival, Broadcast and Webcast, C-SPAN, Washington, DC, 2007.
"The Importance of Writing in Lincoln's Intellectual Foundation," Lincoln Shrine, Redlands, CA, 2007.
"President Lincoln's Hidden Assets," Hoover Institution, Stanford University, 2007.
"Reconsidering Herndon," Lincoln Forum, 2007.
"Books and Beyond." Library of Congress, Webcast, Library of Congress website, 2007.
"The Art of Presidential Writing," Abraham Lincoln Institute Symposium, Broadcast and Webcast, CSPAN, 2007.
"Jefferson's Library," Lecture, Boston Athenaeum, 2005.
"Lincoln's Sword," Lincoln Colloquium, Galesburg, IL, September 28, 2002.
"William H. Herndon and Mary Todd Lincoln," Abraham Lincoln Institute of the Mid-Atlantic, Library of Congress, March 25, 2001.
"Honor's Voice," Gilder Lehrman Institute History Forum, Pierpont Morgan Library, March 8, 1999.
"Young Man Lincoln," Gettysburg College, Sept. 9, 1999.
"The Young Abraham Lincoln," Books and Beyond Series, Library of Congress, February 24, 1998.
"Herndon's Dilemma: Abraham Lincoln and the Privacy Issue," McMurtry Lecture, Lincoln Museum, Ft. Wayne, IN, September 19, 1998.
"Jefferson and Learning," 200th anniversary of Jefferson's presidency of the American Philosophical Society, American Philosophical Society, June 18, 1997.
"Jefferson and Literacy," Library of Congress Research Conference: "Thomas Jefferson and Citizenship," May 13-15, 1993.
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"Herndon and His Lincoln Informants," Abraham Lincoln Association Symposium, Old State Capitol, Springfield, Illinois, February 12, 1991.
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Consultant: Lincoln, Steven Spielberg Film.
Editor, with Rodney O. Davis, edition of William H. Herndon's letters, lectures, and interviews about Abraham Lincoln. Comprehensive study of Lincoln and Shakespeare.
George A. Lawrence Distinguished Service Professor.
Saunders Director, International Center for Jefferson Studies.
Advisory Committee, President Lincoln Cottage Institute.
Advisory Committee, Library of Congress Exhibit for Lincoln Bicentennial.
Advisory Committee, U.S. Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission.
Advisory Committee, Illinois Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission.
National Trust for Historic Preservation, Soldiers' Home Restoration Project.
Consultant, Rosenbach Museum, Lincoln Bicentennial Exhibit.
National Park Service, Lincoln Home National Historic Site, Springfield, Illinois.
"Abraham and Mary Lincoln: A House Divided," a documentary film by David Grubin Productions.
"The Unknown Lincoln," a documentary film by Triage Productions for the History Channel.
The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency.
National Park Service, Re the Jefferson Memorial.
Panelist, National Endowment for the Humanities.
Chair, Lincoln Prize Jury, 2013.
One of Alison's greatest rewards is seeing her pediatric patients smile, sometimes for the first time.