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15 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Farts
Robbie Gonzalez
Admit it. You've always wanted to know whether farts can carry germs.
Photo Credit: John Sibley | CC BY-NC 2.0
1. Farts can probably carry germs, but you don't really need to worry about it unless you're naked
A brief entry in the British Medical Journal's 2001 holiday issue recounts how one Dr Karl Kruszelnicki "established whether human flatus was germ-laden, or merely malodorous":
I contacted Luke Tennent, a microbiologist in Canberra, and together we devised an experiment. He asked a colleague to break wind directly onto two Petri dishes from a distance of 5 centimetres, first fully clothed, then with his trousers down. Then he observed what happened. Overnight, the second Petri dish sprouted visible lumps of two types of bacteria that are usually found only in the gut and on the skin. But the flatus which had passed through clothing caused no bacteria to sprout, which suggests that clothing acts as a filter.
Our deduction is that the enteric zone in the second Petri dish was caused by the flatus itself, and the splatter ring around that was caused by the sheer velocity of the fart, which blew skin bacteria from the cheeks and blasted it onto the dish. It seems, therefore, that flatus can cause infection if the emitter is naked, but not if he or she is clothed. But the results of the experiment should not be considered alarming, because neither type of bacterium is harmful. In fact, they're similar to the 'friendly' bacteria found in yoghurt.
Our final conclusion? Don't fart naked near food. All right, it's not rocket science. But then again, maybe it is?
2. Herring (yes, the fish) may use farts to communicate with one another
About a decade ago, researchers led by marine biologist Ben Wilson discovered that Atlantic and Pacific herring can create high-frequency sounds by releasing air from their anuses. Wilson and his colleagues named the distinctive bursts of pulses "Fast Repetitive Tick" (aka FRT) sounds, after the noise they make.
Because darkness and high densities of fish seem to trigger the farts, Wilson and his colleagues suspect herring may use the FRT sounds to help them form protective shoals at night.
3. Some people are sexually aroused by farts
(The official term is "eproctophilia.")
4. According to master satirist Jonathan Swift, there are five types of farts
To our knowledge, there is no official classification system for farts, but the tradition of categorizing them predates fartnames.com by several hundred years, at least. Jonathan Swift, for his part, maintained in his notorious treatise "The Benefit of Farting Explain'd," that there exist at least five "different species of farts, and which are perfectly distinct from each other, both in weight and smell. First, the sonorous and full-toned, or rousing fart; Second, the double fart; Third, the soft fizzing fart; fourth, the wet fart; and Fifth, the sullen wind-bound fart."
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5. One of the most famous depictions of farts in the Italian literary canon comes from Canto XXI of Dante's Inferno
The passage describes a scene in which a band of demons gathers to escort Dante and Virgil through the fifth pocket of Malebolge:
Per l'argine sinistro volta dienno;
ma prima avea ciascuna la lingua stretta
coi denta, verso lor duca, per cenno;
ed elli avea del cul fatto trombetta. (XXI, 136–9)
[They made left face on the bank; but first each had bit his tongue toward their leader, as a salute, and he of his ass had made a trumpet.]
These demons were clearly just having some harmless, farty fun, though, right? Maybe not:
6. "In medieval Italy the demonic anus functioned as a locus for the generation of sinners' souls."
So says Suzanne Magnanini, an associate professor in the Department of French and Italian at the University of Colorado at Boulder and author of the book Fairy-Tale Science, in which she contextualizes Dante's infamous fart-scene:
If we consider the iconography of devils and hell contemporary with Dante's poem, it becomes clear that in medieval Italy the demonic anus functioned as a locus for the generation of sinners' souls. In the Scrovegni chapel in Padua, Giotto depicted the devil as eating sinners while defecating others into hell. Similar images could be found ion the walls of churches and abbeys in Bologna, Modena, Pisa, and San Gimignano. Camporesi locates the origins of such depicctions of Lucifer and devils in a figure associated with ancient agrarian festials, stating, 'nel corpo gigantesco e villoso di Lucifero rimane sottesa l'arcaica immagine del'orso padre dai cui peti nascevano le nuove anima, il gigantesco mostro delle feste agrarie, l'orso carnevalesco, una bestia pelosa e peteggiante' [in the gigantic and furry body of Lucifer there remains underneath the archaic image of the father bear from whose farts were born new souls, the gigantic monster of agrarian festivals, the carnivalesque bear, a hairy and farting beast.]
7. In Japanese folklore, flatulence can serve as a form of defense
In Japanese folklore, the kappa is a mischievous water sprite with a penchant for reaching up people's butts in pursuit of their shirikodama, a magical, soul-bearing orb. That said, it is said that kappa can be repelled by blasting them with powerful bursts of flatulence. The technique is immortalized in Tsukioka Yoshitoshi's (1839-1892) ukiyo-e work "Farting at a kappa at the lumber yard in Fukagawa" (above), and elsewhere.
8. Basically, flatulence plays an important role in the folklore, myths, and fairy tales of many cultures
In Innu mythology, one of the most powerful spirits is called Matshishkapeu, which translates to "The Fart Man." The Greeks were also partial to farts. Folklore scholar D.L. Ashliman lists a handful of legendary farts on his website, though his account is by no means exhaustive.
If you decide to seek out more examples of flatulence in myths and fables, keep an eye out for common motifs. One of the more interesting similarities I've found between seemingly disparate folk tales and belief systems is the association of farts with the giving and taking of life. Two examples: In Viola, a tale by 16C Italian storyteller Giambattista Basile, an ogre believes his flatulence to have reproductive, i.e. life-giving powers. In Maya tradition, the god of death is occasionally referred to as "the flatulent one."
In his book Death and the Classic Maya Kings, mesoamerican archaeologist James L. Fitzsimmons writes that the biological associations of flatulence with death are "obvious." I admit, this had not previously been obvious to me, but as it turns out...
9. Dead bodies fart
In fact, according to Caleb Wilde (a sixth-generation mortician and creator of the hugely popular blog Confessions Of A Funeral Director), "some dead bodies fart a bunch."
10. You can thank the microbes in your intestine for your death-farts
Your large intestine is home to hundreds of species of beneficial bacteria that help digest whatever food your small intestine misses. In doing so, these bacteria generate a variety of gases, including carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and methane, to name a few. It is here where farts are born – not just in life, but in death (just because you've kicked the bucket doesn't mean your microbes need to stop doing their thing.)
Another source of death farts is putrefaction. As the body decomposes, it releases noxious gasses. Occasionally, these gasses are released in the form of a postmortem toot. When these gasses have nowhere to go they can accumulate, sometimes with explosive results.
11. The same microbes responsible human farts are occasionally responsible for explosive colonoscopies
The medical literature contains a record of at least 20 instances of a colonoscopy resulting of "colonic gas explosion" between 1952 and October 2006. One of these was fatal.
12. Wait, I know farts are flammable – but people explode during colonoscopies? How?
Yep. It's interesting, actually – a lot of people think farts are flammable due to their methane content. While this is technically true, most human farts are actually flammable due to the hydrogen, which is also produced, and typically in greater volumes. Some people's guts produce both both gasses, in which case they burn together.
ANYWAY, according to researchers led by gastroenterologist Emmanuel Ben-Soussan, an explosion of colonic gasses requires three things: The presence of combustible gases (hydrogen and/or methane); the presence of combustive gas (oxygen); and the application of a heat source. As we previously reported:
Your bacteria provide the first two; electrocautery — a technique that uses heat to remove potentially cancerous intestinal growths known as polyps — provides the third. The perfect colonic storm would comprise a high concentration of hydrogen and/or methane (greater than 4% or 5%, respectively), plenty of oxygen and a piping-hot electrocautery tool. Concentrations of hydrogen and methane in the colon can vary considerably (0.06%—47% and 0%—26%, respectively, according to this study). Taking these thresholds into consideration, it is estimated that almost half of colonoscopy patients with unprepared large intestines harbor potentially explosive concentrations of hydrogen and methane in their bowels.
13. In the late 60s, scientists studied the farts of NASA astronauts
The purpose of the study? To quantify the potential buildup of hydrogen and methane in people on a "space diet," namely the one followed by astronauts on the early Gemini missions. It was thought that these gasses "could constitute a fire hazard in a closed chamber." Say, a spacecraft. Or a space suit.
You can read the details behind the experiment here, but the results basically showed that astronauts fed a Gemini-style diet produced a lot more flammable gas than those fed a "bland" formula. "Computed from 12-hour values, maximum potential daily H2 and CH4 are per man: for S, 730 ml and 382 ml; for F, 80 and 222 ml," write the researchers, though they note that these "volumes would be larger at reduced spacecraft and suit pressures."
14. Apollo 16 astronaut John Young, by his own admission, farted prolifically while on the moon
He's even known to have described his flatulence during a mission briefing.
15. The marginalia of illuminated manuscripts are loaded with visual fart jokes.
Poop jokes, too.


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Genetic Underpinnings in Alzheimer's disease – a review
Moustafa, Ahmed A., Hassan, Mubashir, Hewedi, Doaa H., Hewedi, Iman, Garami, Julia K., Al Ashwal, Hanay, Zaki, Nazar, Seo, Sung-Yum, Cutsuridis, Vassilis, Angulo, Sergio L., Natesh, Joman Y., Herzallah, Mohammad M., Frydecka, Dorota, Misiak, Błażej, Salama, Mohamed, Mohamed, Wael, El Haj, Mohamad and Hornberger, Michael (2018) Genetic Underpinnings in Alzheimer's disease – a review. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 29 (1). pp. 21-38. ISSN 0334-1763
PDF (Accepted manuscript) - Accepted Version
In this review, we discuss the genetic etiologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Further, we review genetic links to protein signaling pathways as novel pharmacological targets to treat AD. Moreover, we also discuss the clumps of AD mediated genes according to their single nucleotide polymorphism mutations. Rigorous data mining approaches justified the significant role of genes in AD prevalence. Pedigree analysis and twin studies suggest that genetic components are part of the etiology, rather than only being risk factors for AD. The first autosomal dominant mutation in amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene was described in 1991. Later, AD was also associated with mutated early-onset (Presenilin1/2, PSEN1/2 and APP) and late-onset (Apolipoprotein E, ApoE) genes. Genome-wide association and linkage analysis studies with identified multiple genomic areas have implications for the treatment of AD. We conclude this review with future directions and clinical implications of genetic research in AD. Corrigendum: https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2018-0081
Corrigendum: https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2018-0081
alzheimer's disease,genetics,clinical implications,amyloid beta,ache,bche,eoad,load,app,presenilin,immunotherapy,prevalence vs. penetrance of genes
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > Norwich Medical School
Pure Connector
10.1515/revneuro-2017-0036

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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FINGERPRINTS OF PREVIOUS OWNERS, a novel by Rebecca Entel, reviewed by Elizabeth Mosier
Cleaver Magazine Posted on July 7, 2017 by thwack June 10, 2020
FINGERPRINTS OF PREVIOUS OWNERS
by Rebecca Entel
The Unnamed Press, 209 pages
reviewed by Elizabeth Mosier
"The narrator of this book is a Caribbean woman. You may have noticed that the writer of this book is not," Rebecca Entel notes in a preface to Fingerprints of Previous Owners, her novel set at a resort built on the nettle-choked ruins of a former slave plantation. Alluding to her research and credentials as a scholar of nineteenth-century American literature, Entel does more than attempt to deflect criticism for cultural appropriation. She declares her investment in this story, as well as her intention to free her characters from a colonial narrative frame.
She begins with Myrna Burre. Entel endorses Myrna's authority by locating the story's point of view in this islander who'd "never arrived here from anywhere." When we meet her in the novel's opening lines, she and the other "A-Y-S" staff (At Your Service, pronounced "eeeeyes") are gathered on the beach, wearing white sheets over their uniforms, to perform a compulsory pantomime of a native welcoming ceremony for tourists who are aboard a boat named, with casual tactlessness, The Pinta. (Their baggage is brought by The Nina.) "A team of people with the name of the resort scripted across their chests would appear, arrange its bodies as prosthetics for whatever they needed to do," Myrna reports, indicting by defamiliarizing this arrival ritual, in which a staffer playing Columbus distributes "coins of small value" for the tourists to trade for necklaces and candy.
As "one of the maids they heard but didn't see" sweeping crabs from the pool deck with her wire broom, Myrna is perfectly positioned to scrutinize the fictional island called "Furnace" (a corruption of Ferdinand and Isabella) by paying guests, and "Cruffey" by residents (many of whom, including Myrna's mother, share the surname). Publicly, she sticks to the scripted bland descriptions of buffet meals and perfect weather and a Jamboree featuring "our local steel drum band and native women selling native crafts"). But privately, she makes us privy to fraud she detects: the "local" band playing "Trinidadian songs on Floridian-Jamaican drums," the hour-earlier tourist time zone, a tromp l'oeil coral reef painted on the pool floor, the "native" label that doesn't fit anyone she knows.
Rebecca Entel
Clearly, Entel has done her research. Details like these, revealing the resort's flimsy façade—"the brand-new strapped over everything like duct tape"—and the subservient stance of employees laboring in a service economy, ring true to my work as a maid at a Spanish colonial-style resort in Arizona. Where she exaggerates—for ironic, if not comic, effect—she exposes visceral truths. Her credibility is evident in choices she makes to craft this story. By amplifying the dissonance between the island's different versions—seen and unseen, mythological and historical—Myrna's point of view compels the plot to pursue what's hidden: Cruffey Island's past, which is to say her ancestors'.
Myrna's life—and livelihood—hinges on this hidden history. "Say the word estate at work and look down at your palm for your firing papers," she warns, addressing the erasure at the root of this story. The Cruffey Plantation is lost to history: missing from the resort map, an inland life forgotten or unspoken by the elders. But even before the plantation, Myrna notes, the island's identity was misplaced by the official archipelago map depicting their home as "a dot named twice, neither time by us." If one purpose of a map is to lay claim to the truth, this map that decorates the Furnace Island guestrooms robs the islanders of agency, casting Myrna's family and friends as inhabitants of one of many "scattered seeds floating away from the finger of Florida, that imperative pillar to our point of exclamation."
Without facts or artifacts to anchor her, Myrna is at sea, her future uncertain. Her college plans derailed by the need to support her mother (mute with grief after her husband's death and son Troy's relocation to "the capital"), she goes "inland, back in time, instead." She searches for tangible proof of her ancestors' existence in the stones erupting through the soil—"stones my ancestors…had quarried and carried and packed in place, like planting gravestones." This digging and accounting echoes the work of her deceased father, the island's dentist, who remembered his patients by counting their pulled teeth, "all the holes on the island."
And so Myrna's second, secret, shift begins, as she slashes blindly through the thorny haulback with a machete, looking for the abandoned plantation's foundation walls. This physical labor is sticky, dusty, bruising, and stinging. It rivets the reader to her actions with sensory detail, as she excavates, like her father once did, to "find where the pain was coming from…and to dig out the source of it." Feeling her way, Myrna makes a mental map of the estate to match the one she's discovered in a copy of The Cruffey Plantation Journal 1833, stolen from a visiting tourist's room. In a perfectly plotted scene, Myrna finally enters the estate through the kitchen—literally, a "place of fire, of food, of sustenance, of labor" and symbolically, the place where race, gender, and social class intersect—and finds a tangible link to the written record of a one-armed enslaved woman named Tildy.
The stolen journal's owner is Jasmine Manion, an African-American woman from Wisconsin who owns the consignment shop where the old book turned up. Jasmine has hired Myrna's cousin Lionel to give her an unofficial tour of the other side of "paradise": Junkful Beach, called "Scruffy" by the kids, "mangy with brush, shore scalloped with choppy water, and flotsam she wouldn't believe washing ashore from across the Atlantic." Jasmine's part in the novel's unsettling climax, which I won't spoil, is just one example of the way Entel keeps digging for complexity, through the ways in which her characters' roles and lives intersect.
Entel makes great use of the landscape as a psychological setting, from the thorny inland concealing truth to the wind-torn, trash-filled shore that residents scour, feeling "lucky to collect the junk." Writing against a gendered tradition of travel narrative in which men pose as conquerors and women journey to self-discovery, she ties Myrna's personal quest to a larger story, expanding her vision with a series of first-person "bench stories" that fill narrative holes as they accrue on a story-telling site built from the estate's "took apart walls."
Poet Derek Walcott proposes, in his illuminating essay "Isla Incognita," that, in order to see clearly, we must "proceed backward from knowing, from all the stories [we've] been told about islands." Both in spirit and in its structure, Fingerprints of Previous Owners follows this profound advice to rediscover the island of the author's—and the reader's—invention. Of course, the prickly political question of who gets to write what will not, and should not, be settled by Entel's sincerity. And you may have noticed that the reviewer of this book is not a Caribbean woman, either. But in my view, Entel's novel is brilliant. Through a series of strategic narrative choices, she both inhabits and interrogates the island she created, demonstrating how fiction can expand a reader's empathy and, even, a writer's authority.
Elizabeth Mosier is a novelist and essayist. Her reviews have appeared most recently in The Philadelphia Inquirer and Cleaver. Her essay "Believers" was named a Notable Essay in The Best American Essays 2015, Read more at www.ElizabethMosier.com.
SWIMMING LESSONS, a novel by Claire Fuller, reviewed by Elizabeth Mosier
THE LONG DRY, a novel by Cynan Jones, reviewed by Melanie Erspamer
TRYSTING, fiction by Emmanuelle Pagano, reviewed by Rachel R. Taube
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FINGERPRINTS OF PREVIOUS OWNERS, a novel by Rebecca Entel, reviewed by Elizabeth Mosier Published on July 7, 2017 in fiction reviews, reviews (Click for permalink.)
WRITING THE SUPERHERO POEM, a craft essay by Lynn Levin


"All the members, even to the oldest and most dignified, called themselves, and were called by their friends outside, "twiddlers." The twiddlers were, as a ..."
"The Thumb-twiddlers. SEP Nov. 13-20, '15. You Had n't Ought To. SEP Sept. 25, '15. HUGINS, ROLAND. The Devil and the Deep Sea. NSM Nov. ..."
"The prevailing impression among the twiddlers was that Mr. Biles supplied an exceedingly thin and watery fluid ; and one day when the judge stepped over to ..."
"The first three have to do with the amount of re-creative work that must be done that will cause coworkers to become temporary thumb-twiddlers. ..."
"n1"' • ' When after he'd rubb'd his bow with rosoni, A Fiddler would stick his Kit to his bosom ; Then nobody cared for the twiddling twiddlers, ..."
"He was at work on the strawberry-fields, following the twiddlers. Emma stood on the field-side and watched the army of women dwindle away over the hill and ..."


The R Epidemics Consortium (RECON) together with the EPIET Alumni Network (EAN) organised a short 4-day course titled "an introduction into using R for surveillance and outbreak analytics". The course was held from the 8-11 October 2018 in Sofia, Bulgaria, and delivered by Thibaut Jombart, Zhian Kamvar, Janetta Skarp, and Savina Stoitsova. This was the first course RECON organised tailored to participants with a Field-Epidemiology background. The course was attended by more than 25 participants, arriving from all over Europe (Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK). Content of the course was determined by a survey sent to the participants well before the course started in which they stated their interests for subjects within the course.
Day 1 of the course covered an introduction into the use of R, RStudio, good data science practices, and simple descriptive analyses. On Day 2, participants were acquainted with performing multi-variable analyses for outbreak investigation. Day 3 focussed on outbreak response analytics, simulating the early stages of a novel Ebola epidemics. For the last day participants were invited to bring forward their own questions regarding data analyses in R.
The event was a great opportunity to bring together colleagues with experience gained in different national contexts, discuss various topics and practices in outbreak data analytics, and identify current needs and gaps to fill in today's analytics toolbox. All materials used during this course have been made freely available on GitHub. The RECON team would like to thank our participants for coming and turning this event into a very enjoyable experience; special thanks to Savina for being such an excellent host, and showing us all around in beautiful Sofia.
We are looking forward to welcoming people to our short 2-day course in Malta coming November 19-20th 2018.


IUCN Asia director Aban Marker Kabraji shares how establishing Marine Protected Areas can change the fate of oceans, which today are under threat from human activity and climate change.
Covering more than 70 per cent of our earth's surface and home to 700 thousand to two million species, the ocean is the lifeblood of our planet. Besides bringing a sense of serenity through the gentle — albeit sometimes roaring — rhythm of its waves, the deep blue employs millions of workers, feeds billions of people and generates trillions of dollars of the world's economy.
While the region's exponential economic growth has benefitted its communities through higher incomes and a better quality of life, ever-increasing commercial, agricultural and industrial activity has also exacerbated threats to the region's ecosystems.
95 per cent of Southeast Asian coral reefs are at risk of being destroyed and over 80 ocean species in the region are listed as Critically Endangered and Endangered.
In Pakistan, Astola Island is shaping up to be the first MPA in the country. At the IUCN World Conservation Congress last September, a motion was adopted to declare the island an MPA. Since then, MFF has collaborated with the Pakistan Navy to undertake a situational analysis of the island.
The next steps will be to ensure that local communities and other stakeholders at the grassroots level are included in the governance and decision-making processes related to the establishment of the new MPA.
Studies have shown that small MPAs that are well-managed and well-enforced are facilitating resources recovery, sustaining fisheries, improving livelihoods and promoting sustainable tourism. Yet, while MPAs can be very effective in the conservation and management of our oceans, they cannot address all threats to marine life.
Complementary actions need to be implemented in parallel to make fishing and aquaculture sustainable, address climate change and reduce marine pollution.
This year's theme for World Oceans Day is "Our oceans, our future." Despite recent setbacks such as the US administration's decision to withdraw from the Paris climate agreement, many other nations remain committed to the Paris Accord.
Through progressive and forward-thinking policies, commitments from industrialized and developing nations alike, and a multi-sectorial approach that harnesses advancements in science, finance and development, we actually stand a chance to make our oceans truly great again.
Aban Marker Kabraji is regional director, IUCN Asia.


Musician Roger Waters jailed in Brazil?
How he wished Bolsonaro wasn't there!
The Guatemalan rock band Alux Nahual is fighting against recent attacks against Latinos simply for speaking Spanish in the United States with the song "I speak Spanish, y qué?!". They hope they will raise awareness on racism and xenophobia.
Inge Ginsberg survived the Holocaust and became a spy for the Americans during WWII, smuggling arms to fight the Nazis. She married a composer and they wrote songs together in the 1940's and 50's that were sung by Nat King Cole, Dean Martin, Doris Day, and Rosemary Clooney, among others. 60 years later, she got back into music and fell in love with Heavy Metal, which she now performs with world-renowned classical musicians Lucia Caruso and Pedro da Silva – a.k.a. the TritoneKings.
Ms Ginsberg reminds me of another Holocaust survivor: Ms Esther Béjarano. She is one of two surviving members of the women's' orchestra at Auschwitz death camp; playing accordion and recorder. Now 93 years old, with both German and Israeli nationality, she is an active anti-fascist, chair of the International Auschwitz Committee, honorary chair of the German association of people persecuted by the nazis and member of the German communist party. She sings Jewish and anti-fascist songs; and she also sings rap.
This 2013 music video is Esther Béjarano and Turkish German rappers Microphone Mafia singing the Italian anti-fascist song Bella Ciao.
A new species of shrimp has been named after Pink Floyd thanks to a pact between prog rock-loving scientists.
The Synalpheus pinkfloydi uses its large pink claw to create a noise so loud it can kill small fish.
The team behind the discovery vowed years ago if it ever found a new pink shrimp it would "honour" the rockers.
Sammy De Grave, head of research at Oxford University Museum of National History, said he has been a fan of the band since he was a teenager.
He said: "I have been listening to Floyd since The Wall was released in 1979, when I was 14 years old.
"The description of this new species of pistol shrimp was the perfect opportunity to finally give a nod to my favourite band.
The pistol, or snapping shrimp, has an ability to generate sonic energy by closing their enlarged claw at rapid speed.
It can reach 210 decibels – louder than your average rock concert – and results in one of the loudest sounds in the ocean.
The description of the species, found off the Pacific coast of Panama, has been published in the Zootaxa journal and was co-authored with the Universidade Federal de Goiás in Brazil, and Seattle University in the US.
Summary: A fuchsia pink-clawed species of pistol shrimp, discovered on the Pacific coast of Panama, has been given the ultimate rock and roll name in recognition of the discoverers' favorite rock band Pink Floyd.
A strikingly bright pink-clawed species of pistol shrimp, discovered on the Pacific coast of Panama, has been given the ultimate rock and roll name in recognition of the discoverers' favourite rock band — Pink Floyd.
The conspicuously coloured pistol shrimp has been named as Synalpheus pinkfloydi in the scientific description of the species, published in Zootaxa journal.
Just like all good rock bands, pistol shrimps, or snapping shrimps, have an ability to generate substantial amounts of sonic energy. By closing its enlarged claw at rapid speed the shrimp creates a high-pressure cavitation bubble, the implosion of which results in one of the loudest sounds in the ocean — strong enough to stun or even kill a small fish.
Combined with its distinct, almost glowing-pink snapping claw, Synalpheus pinkfloydi is aptly named by the report's authors, Arthur Anker of the Universidade Federal de Goiás in Brazil, Kristin Hultgren of Seattle University in the USA, and Sammy De Grave, of Oxford University Museum of Natural History.
De Grave has been a life-long Pink Floyd fan and has been waiting for the opportunity to name the right new species after the band.
"I have been listening to Floyd since The Wall was released in 1979, when I was 14 years old. I've seen them play live several times since, including the Hyde Park reunion gig for Live8 in 2005. The description of this new species of pistol shrimp was the perfect opportunity to finally give a nod to my favourite band," he says.
This 2010 live music video is called Tina Turner & Chuck Berry – Rock 'n roll music.
The guitarist was known for a string of 1950s and '60s hits.
Rock 'n' roll pioneer Chuck Berry has died, police said Saturday. He was 90.
Berry penned a great number of hits in the 1950s and '60s like "Sweet Little Sixteen," "Roll Over Beethoven" and "Rock and Roll Music" that influenced generations of rock groups, including The Beatles. Merging a captivating stage presence with his own blend of blues, country and jazz, Berry helped define the fledgling rock'n' roll genre, later becoming one of the first musicians inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio.


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A Better Yahtzee Mousetrap
I am in awe of the game called Yahtzee Free for All (by Hasbro). It's a fresh take and successful line extension of a decades-old brand, and it's perhaps the best example of consumer packaging I have ever seen.
Yahtzee has always been a fun game...but let's face it, it was not interactive. All of the strategy and luck took place in your little scorecard. So you were doing something that you could do alone, but doing it in the presence of others...hmmmm.
BUT! Yahtzee Free For All has a great spin: you roll your dice (3 rolls as in the original) to earn cards based on the traditional combinations, but when you are successful you put the card in your "home" slot for one full round of turns. The other plays can steal your card by bettering your combination (e.g., if you had three 3's on a 3 card, they could roll four 3's; if you had a full house of three 1's and two fives (13 dice points) they could beat it with three 4's and two 3's (18 dice points).) When play makes it back to your turn, you get to "bank" the card, if it's not been stolen, and try for more.There's more to it, of course....but the bottom-line is it's an interactive and slightly cutthroat way to enliven Yahtzee -- and it's faster pace than the traditional game.
So, as an avid gamester, I like it!As a MARKETER, I was blown away by how carefully the packaging was thought out. It's hard to explain how cleverly this game is designed.
First of all, the box bottom turns into the board (folding out in to a 6 player shape (sort of like a flower unfolding). Each players petal (if you will) has a place to display their final roll of dice and their home card. The chips (used to increase point value of cards if player has an unsuccessful turn) have a clever ripple design that makes them very easy to stack and less likely to scatter. The instruction booklet is shaped like a 2D die (which makes it 6 sided), and that also opens like a flower. The box cover is felted on the inside to use as a rolling surface...everything you touch is thoughtful and streamlined.
Even if you don't like games, check this out as an excellent example of taking even the simplest element to a clean, logic, and compelling execution. An inspirational idea for any marketing campaign or deliverable. : )
Is it Me? Is it Them? It's You
A friend and colleague whom I respect recently said that he could had never had success in a situation where he delegated an outcome and let the delegatee determine how to achieve it.
Now, of course, "never" in this case is a clear exaggeration since I have done work for this person and, of course, fulfilled all aspects of the assignment with accuracy, vigor, and panache.
Hyperbole notwithstanding....why has he had this dearth of successful delegation? If it was only with one or two people, you could say - well, it must be them. But if legions of workerbees have failed him...is it him? Maybe. Or is it both parties? Maybe.
Stephen Covey has a whole system of delegation, with various steps leading up to stewardship delegation. And he argues that one should not attempt a higher level of delegation than the relationship supports. In other words, if you are dealing with a shoes-and-socks person (that's my term for the type of person who, when told to put their shoes and sock on, ends up with the socks on the outside...because, hey, that's what you said!)....if you're dealing with that kind of person, you can't really assign a nebulous outcome and hope for the best.
But let's assume that the delegatees are quality individuals, creative-minded, and ready to attack a problem. Why are there still so may times when what we get is not what we wanted?
I've assigned my share of tasks and been underwhelmed by the results.
I've also, as a freelancer, submitted a deliverable filled with pride and anticipation (like a kid presenting a stunning macaroni and glitter necklace on Mother's Day), only to be gut-checked by the silent, awkward pause that means "wow, how in God's name did you end up with this?"
This is a classic lose-lose situation. The person who assigned the task is thrown into a tailspin because the critical path has stalled (or even moved backward). The person who did the work feels a melange of emotions from unappreciated to misunderstood to incompetent. And the work, the thing, is still un-done.
I propose there are five things that could avoid or reduce these situations.
1. Clarify
Recognize that you have your own lingo and shorthand and the person you're talking to may not understand it. I've found only about 5% of the population will risk looking stupid to ask you to clarify something you say. Everyone else nods wisely, then goes back to their office or cubicle or whatever and thinks, "what the heck did she mean by "breadcrumbs on the PowerPoint"? Make it OK to ask for clarification -- one great way to do that is for YOU to risk looking stupid to ask the delegatee to explain his or her langauge. Make it safe to ask, and you cut down re-work caused by lack of clarity down the road.
2. Sketch
If you have something in mind, take out a sheet of paper or a napkin and sketch what you see in your head. There's nothing more frustrating than bringing 5 or 6 ideas for review --- kneeling before the delegator like a supplicant with one idea after another --- and getting the "eh, not quite" response. If you know what you want, don't keep it to yourself.
3. Contextualize
Even if you don't have an exact answer in mind, you need to give the delegatee a clue as to how their solution will be used. If you ask a graphic artists to "create a compelling graphic" you've really not given her anything to work with. On the other hand, if you say -- "I don't have a specific solution in mind, but I need a graphic element that we can use all year, that will work on a handout or a billboard, that is consistent with the brand, and that suggests movement through the process" -- you've provided context for the scale, the level of detail, the color scheme, and the style. Let's face it, we often delegate because we want results beyond what we would have thought of ourselves, but there are also parameters that must be met. Don't leave out the context.
4. Echo
You're already nodding...sure, sure, everyone knows this one. But do you do it? Do you take the time to ask your delegatee to explain the assignment back to you in his own language? Or do you practice drive-by-management, flinging assignments over your shoulder (or worse across your Blackberry) as you rush out the door for the airport? Three minutes...that's about the investment to get the double-handshake that means your delegatee understood you....if you don't get the echo... 30 minutes, 300 minutes? How long will it take to re-do?
5. Calibrate
If you work with someone frequently, consider co-creating a scale that defines the type of assignment. For example, sometimes you need someone do to exactly what you want -- not terribly rewarding for the delegatee, but vital to hitting a deadline. So have a code for that: "this is a verbatim assignment." In that case, the delegatee knows to listen careful and execute exactly; this is not the time to spitball alternatives. On the other end of the spectrum, sometimes you have a wild idea that may not even be possible, but you want someone to think about it and spend a little time on it: "this is a percolator assignment, put about 5 hours into it and let's see if it has any legs." (it is important to tell the person how much time to invest on this kind of thing and where it falls against other priorities). Obviously, the type of scale has to make sense for your situation...but think about a way to shorthand the types of tasks.
None of this is easy to do in the rush of an average day --- but it issimple. If you are not happy with an end result, revisit the moment of assignment. The seed of the solution is likely there.


Officially referred to as the Kingdom of Bhutan and known as 'Land of the Thunder Dragon', Bhutan is a landlocked nation in South Asia that is located in the eastern side of the Himalayas. It borders china to the north, south and east, while it is bordered to the west by India. It also borders Nepal to the west. The country has made history as being the only country on earth that measures prosperity based on its citizens happiness level, commonly referred to as Gross National Happiness. The country has subsequently refused to use GDP as a measure of progress and it is currently on a mission to woo the world to have an overhaul of the entire approach to development. Here is everything that is worth knowing regarding the country's GNH.
In 1971, the government under the leadership of the then King of Bhutan-Jigme Singye Wangchuck – announced that it would no longer be using GDP for purposes of measuring development, but it will instead use a new approach known as the Gross National Happiness (GNH) index. The Government further cited the essence of GNH as the happiness and peace of the Bhutanese along with the country's security and sovereignty. Proponents of GNH argue that sustainable development need to take a holistic approach towards aspects of progress and also give equal importance to all non-economic elements of well-being.
Today, the country has developed 38 sub-indexes , 151 variables and 72 indicators that are in accordance with the nine domains of GNH .
Every year, the government of Bhutan carries out a GNH survey in order to get data concerning the well being of Bhutanese people. GNH surveys are normally administered using GNH questionnaires.
Recent surveys particularly the ones conducted from 2010, 2012 and 2013 have revealed that on average, Bhutanese men are happier than their female counterparts.
· Bhutanese in urban centers have access to better health, education and also have better living standards as compared to their counterparts in rural areas.


Etta D. Rader, 86, of Durham died July 27 at Salem Home, Hillsboro. Services were Monday at First Baptist Church, Durham. Pastor Curtis Wiens officiated. Burial was in Durham Park Cemetery.
Born March 29, 1925, in Abilene to Harry Ray and Florence (Feik) Rees, she married Alvie Rader on June 5, 1948, in Abilene. He died in 1985. A son, Larry Rader, and a grandson also preceded her in death.
Survivors include a son, Jerry Rader of Durham; two daughters, Doneta Kirschenmann of Ree Heights, S.D., and Diana Hawthorne of Coffeyville; three brothers, Marvin, Loyal, and Milton Rees; four sisters, Alma Sexton, Lila Zimmerman, Edith Sanders, and Avis Bergman; 12 grandchildren; 20 great-grandchildren; and 10 great-great-grandchildren.
Contributions to the Etta Rader Memorial Fund may be sent in care of Jost Funeral Home, Hillsboro.


text:
Data Management // Big Data Analytics
Jeff Bertolucci
Ayasdi Analyzes Shape Of Big Data
Startup melds rarefied mathematics discipline of topological analysis with machine learning techniques to glean insights from huge data sets.
5 Big Wishes For Big Data Deployments
(click image for larger view and for slideshow)
Topology is a subset of mathematics that focuses on the study of shapes. The term dates back to the 19th century, but scholars were writing treatises on the subject at least a century before that. Topology isn't new, but using it to analyze and understand big data is a novel idea -- one that could empower business users to find value in very large data sets without having to consult data scientists or write algorithms or models.
That's the promise of Ayasdi, a Palo Alto-based startup that uses topological data analysis to quickly glean meaning from big data. "Our mission at our company is to build tools that everyone can use. We want to transform any person at a company into a data scientist," Ayasdi CEO and cofounder Gurjeet Singh told InformationWeek in a phone interview.
The company says its approach to analyzing big data is unique. Based on the work of Stanford University mathematics professor and Ayasdi cofounder Gunnar Carlsson, Ayasdi's enterprise-focused tools apply the abstruse concepts of topology to quickly identify relevant patterns in data.
[ What can we learn by tracking changes in human behavior in real time? Read Mashup Analytics: The Future Of Big Data. ]
In an introductory video to topological data analysis, Carlsson explains how three fundamental properties of topology combine in ways that enable the analysis of massive and varied data sets. The first of these properties is coordinate invariance, which means that topology measures properties of shapes that don't change, even as you rotate the shape or change the coordinate system in which you're viewing it.
The second property, according to Carlsson, is deformation invariance: The shape's properties don't change even if you alter its appearance (e.g., stretch or squash it). "Humans are really good at recognizing deformation invariant properties," Carlsson said in the video. "That ability is what allows us to recognize that a letter A is a letter A, no matter what font that letter is written in."
The third and final property is compressed representation: A sphere might represent infinite amounts of information, which is hard for humans to understand. But if you use an icosahedron to approximate the sphere's shape, the information becomes both finite and measurable. "It's still very much like a sphere, but now it's represented by a list, a simple list, consisting of 12 nodes, 30 edges, and 20 faces," Carlsson said.
The field of topological data analysis might not attract much interest outside of academia, but it appears to be drawing plenty of attention as the cornerstone of Ayasdi's big data tools. Fortune 500 companies in particular are taking note. Since January, Ayasdi has signed a number of large enterprises, including GE and Citi, as well as five of the top 20 global pharmaceutical companies, five government agencies, and two oil and gas companies, the company said.
In June, President Obama requested a private demo of the company's software after an Ayasdi intern developed an NBA player analysis that went viral.
Singh says Ayasdi's visualization tools are especially good at extracting insights from old data sets, a skill that makes them appealing to healthcare and pharmaceutical companies, which have been stockpiling digital information for many years.
Ayasdi's topology-oriented approach to data analysis is unique because few people understand the underlying technology, Singh said. "As far as we know, we are the only company capitalizing on topological data analysis," he added. "It's such a small community of people who even understand how this works. We know them all. A lot of them work at our company already."
Items from pills to power plants will soon generate billions of data points. How will this movement change your industry? Also in the new, all-digital Here Comes The Internet Of Things issue of InformationWeek: How IT can capitalize on the NSA's big data prowess. (Free registration required.)


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RHODE ISLAND'S FIRST HOTEL WEEK
Luxury becomes affordable in the Ocean State during the inaugural Rhode Island Hotel Week 2020 (Jan. 18-31). Jump on deep discounts offered at 22 premium hotels — featuring four flat nightly rates of $100, $200, $300, and $400 — found at a variety of hotels in Blackstone Valley, Block Island, Newport County, Providence, South County, and Warwick. As added bonus, several properties are offering complimentary amenities included in the listed rate, such as spa treatments, dining credit, room upgrades, and activities. Participating hotels run the gamut from iconic resorts to boutique properties to classic inns, as well as one antique-furnished farm. While visiting, take advantage of concurrent statewide events including Newport Wellness Week, Providence Restaurants Week, the Pawtucket Wintertime Farmers Market, and more. Book rooms directly with each hotel. Find promo codes and links on Hotel Week website. www.visitrhodeisland.com/rhode-island-hotel-week-2020/
In honor of the movie, and the dazzling dance scene filmed in its opulent Grand Ballroom, Fairmont Copley Plaza has unveiled a "Little Women" Movie Package.Fairmont Copley Plaza
CINEMATIC PACKAGE AT FAIRMONT COPLEY PLAZA
Massachusetts plays a starring role in the much-acclaimed new film adaptation of Louisa May Alcott's novel "Little Women." In honor of the movie, and the dazzling dance scene filmed in its opulent Grand Ballroom, Fairmont Copley Plaza has unveiled a "Little Women" Movie Package. Includes overnight accommodations for two; a decorative tin of Harney & Sons "Little Women Orchard House Blend" green tea (created for this adaptation); official movie companion hardcover book and movie poster; and two guided tour admissions to the author's family home, Orchard House, where Alcott wrote and set her novel. Book by Feb. 25 for stays through Feb. 29; transportation to Orchard House not included. Rates from $259. 800-514-4568, www.fairmont.com/copley-plaza-boston/special-offers/hotel-offers/discovery/little-women-movie/
Those looking for the next-new not-too-touristy destination might want to consider Albania.Albanian National Tourism Agency/Europa Travel
THERE:
BURGEONING BALKANS
Those looking for the next-new not-too-touristy destination might want to consider Albania. After decades of isolation, this former communist nation is attracting travelers for its rich historical sites and stunning landscapes. A 14-day tour, Albania Beyond the Guidebook, is the newest offering in MIR Corporation's portfolio of journeys at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. Limited to 16 guests, the trip traverses the country from north to south, with highlights that include forgotten remnants of Greco-Roman and Ottoman architecture; dramatic vistas in the Albanian Alps; the headquarters of the liberal Bektashi order of Sufism; a medieval Turkish bazaar; the port and resort city of Saranda; Bunk'Art Museum in Tirana (a former secret underground atomic shelter now turned museum and contemporary arts space); boat ride and mussel tasting on Lake Butrint; UNESCO World Heritage Site of Butrint; and more. May 17-30. $4,995 per person double. (Does not include international airfare.) 800-424-7289, https://www.mircorp.com/trip/albania-beyond-the-guidebook/
HAPPY BIRTHDAY LUDWIG
A yearlong series of concerts, exhibitions, and theater performances is taking place throughout Germany to celebrate the 250th anniversary of the birth of Ludwig van Beethoven. The Beethoven Jubilee, branded BTHVN2020, is a cooperative venture between the Federal Republic of Germany, the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, the Rhine-Sieg District, and the City of Bonn, the composer's birthplace. Taking place through Dec. 17, celebrations include a concert by the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Sir Simon Rattle; the first Fidelio opera performance of the season in Bonn under the direction of Volker Lösch; the "Beethoven in Nature" festival — six castles, six communities, six dates — and a multitude of additional events. To see available offerings, simply enter the dates you'll be in Germany and the type of event you want to attend on the easy-to-use website. www.bthvn2020.de/en/
Mindbody will locate yoga, barre, pilates, and other workout classes at studios and gyms in major cities throughout the United States and around the world. Mindbody
EVERYWHERE:
APP FINDS WORKOUT LOCALES
If your New Year resolutions involve commitment to a fitness regime — even when traveling — we have an app for you. Mindbody will locate yoga, barre, pilates, and other workout classes at studios and gyms in major cities throughout the United States and around the world. Simply enter the city you plan to visit and see a plethora of workout choices, including locations, time, price, phone number, and booking link. The platform also curates salons and other services, meaning you can get a facial or a blowout before your big business meeting, or evening dinner date. There is no commitment upfront; just pay for your service or workout of choice. The app is free. www.mindbodyonline.com/
KGB Running has debuted a functional and stylish solution for hands-free jogging.KGB Running
KGB PUTS "FUN" IN FUNCTIONAL FITNESS GEAR
Love to run when traveling but worry about losing your phone, cash, or hotel key? KGB Running has debuted a functional and stylish solution for hands-free jogging with The Keep Going men's and women's shorts. The "SmartSlot" waistband is a sleek, 360-degree pocket that securely holds your stuff, including any size cellphone, eliminating the need to pack an armband, belt, or fanny pack. Moisture-wicking fabric is quick drying, and stretch design adds comfort. $59.99. www.kgbrunning.com/
NECEE REGIS
For the record: An earlier version of this column mischaracterized Albania's position in the European Union. It is officially a candidate for accession to the EU but not a member.
Necee Regis can be reached at neceeregis@gmail.com.


Open and spacious living areas with one big studio and bedroom upstairs. Verandas all round. New renovation. Private and quiet 2.7 acres. Deep water anchorage in Bloomfield River at the bottom of the garden. Connected to electricity grid with 1.5 kw solar panels. Solar hot water. 2 x 22,000 lt rainwater tanks and 2 x 4,000 lt underground tanks connected to septic system. 6 x 12m shed.


ITALPOLLINA 4-4-4 is a unique organic fertilizer that quickly improves the microbiological, physical and chemical quality of soils. The high amount of humified active organic matter contained in the product ensures a healthy environment for beneficial microbes and has a strong stimulating effect on plants' microbiological activity. The unique formulation of Italpollina 4-4-4 provides a gradual release of elements to ensure optimal absorption of nutrients and outstanding advancements in the growth and quality of plants.


We make every effort to accommodate the accessibility and the needs of all visitors while at the same time balancing the requirements of our conservation mandate.
Public washrooms, the Coach House, the Bird Banding Station, the Indiana Trail, and paths connecting the buildings are both wheelchair and stroller accessible.
Mansion tours include climbing stairs, standing for several minutes at a time, and short periods of movement. A folding chair for you to use to rest throughout the mansion can be made available to you upon request.
A slide presentation on an iPad of the second level of the mansion as well as our extensive outdoor areas is available to those with mobility disabilities to ensure you do not miss anything!
Designated handicapped parking spaces are provided in our main parking lot.
If you have any special needs or requirements that you wish to discuss with us prior to visiting, please get in touch and we would be happy to discuss how we can accommodate you to the best of our ability.


text:
Chilean Alexander Cataldo achieved the best victory of his career and advanced to the quarterfinals of the Australian Open wheelchair tennis
An important achievement was achieved by the Chilean Alexander Cataldo, who achieved the best victory of his career after reaching the quarterfinals of the Australian Open in wheelchair tennis by beating Joachim Gerard, the 4th in the world.
Specifically, the national racket, 12th in the ITF ranking, beat the Belgian Gerard 1-6, 6-4 and 6-2 in three sets to reach the round of the best eight of the Grand Slam. In this way, Cataldo reaped his first victory against a Top 5 player in the world.
In the best eight phase, the Chilean tennis player will face the Japanese Takuya Miki, 8th in the world, who managed to reach the round after beating the Dutch Maikel Scheffers 6-1, 6-1.
The duel between Cataldo and the Japanese, to determine who will continue advancing in the Grand Slam, is scheduled for this Tuesday, January 24 at about 10:00 p.m. (national time).
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Source: Elmostrador


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I would like to personally thank the entire team at Cains Law at Broulee for the excellent service I received during the purchase of a property. They were able to handle the entire purchase from start to finish with no concerns and were available to answer any questions or concerns I had in regards to the purchase quickly and promptly. I would highly recommend them and plan to use their services again in the future.
I just wanted to thank you for the service you provided over the last few hectic months; you made it all considerably easier for us.
Thank-you for your prompt and reliable service Anita.
Thank you for your resistance and professionalism during what was a long and frustrating process.


You younger generation pilots have done nothing that we didn't do a long time ago. Only today you get to do it in better, more powerful and more reliable equipment than we did ! (Robinson R-Series Being the exception). We did all the test flying for you, some died most lived and as sorry as that my be, it is the nature of the beast. Stop whining, pull pitch, you're the one that wanted to be a helicopter pilot.


When Dallas Cowboys legend Jason Witten retired from the NFL last month, he left behind an unproven group of tight ends for the Cowboys to field as Witten moves on to the Monday Night Football broadcast booth. This is not a TE group short of potential, although that's nothing new for the laundry list of players that have failed at the position behind the Hall of Fame bound Witten.
Headlining this group of potential heirs to Witten has to be 2016 draft pick Rico Gathers. Not yet given the same opportunities that Geoff Swaim and Blake Jarwin are receiving through the Cowboys ongoing mini camp, Gathers has been criticized for his commitment to his team.
Looking to make the transition from the basketball court at Baylor to the football field, Gathers' journey began at Witten's soon-to-be home forever. Playing his first organized football game since middle school, Gathers and Witten were teammates in the Hall of Fame game at Canton, Ohio in 2017.
A game rarely leaving fans with a lasting memories, Gathers immediately flashed potential in the passing game, hauling in three passes for 59 yards and a touchdown. Gathers would go on to spend the season on IR after a concussion suffered in practice, recovering from it in time to return but never seeing the field.
This leaves Gathers' prospects of putting it all together in year three at a difficult crossroads. It will be hard to question Gathers' commitment moving forward, as the message from his former teammate Jason Witten still lives with him.
If Witten truly sees a "bright future" for Rico Gathers, who Head Coach Jason Garrett says needs work in the running game, there is no reason the Cowboys can't find a role for him this season. With an entirely unproven group of wide receivers, Gathers could be the reliable mismatch for Dak Prescott to target in the middle of the field.
Prescott was the ninth worst quarterback in the league last season in red zone completion percentage, surely something the 6'6" TE Gathers could help improve.
Gathers may be a long way off from becoming Prescott's version of Witten to Tony Romo, but there is still hope for the 2016 draft pick, according to now football analyst Jason Witten.
Tell us what you think about "Jason Witten's Lasting Message to Cowboys TE Rico Gathers" in the comments below. You can also email me at Sean.Martin@InsideTheStar.com, or Tweet to me at @SeanMartinNFL!


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                    <option id="popular"> popular </option>
                    <option id="published"> published </option>
                    <option id="repository"> repository </option>
                    <option id="local"> local </option>
                    <option id="series"> series </option>
                    <option id="trade"> trade </option>
                    <option id="traditional"> traditional </option>
                    <option id="translated"> translated </option>
                </options>
            </field>
        </repeat>
        <repeat id="objectNameList/objectNameGroup">
            <field id="objectNameLevel">
                <selector>object-identification-object-level</selector>
                <options>
                    <option id="">Please select a value</option>
                    <option id="collection"> collection </option>
                    <option id="component"> component </option>
                    <option id="item"> item </option>
                    <option id="group"> group </option>
                    <option id="multiples"> multiples </option>
                    <option id="series"> series </option>
                    <option id="set"> set </option>
                    <option id="subgroup"> subgroup </option>
                    <option id="volume"> volume </option>
                </options>
            </field>
            <field id="objectNameType">
                <selector>object-identification-object-type</selector>
                <options>
                    <option id="">Please select a value</option>
                    <option id="architecture"> architecture </option>
                    <option id="armsandarmor"> arms and armor </option>
                    <option id="builtwork"> built work </option>
                    <option id="ceramics"> ceramics </option>
                    <option id="costume"> costume </option>
                    <option id="decorativearts"> decorative arts </option>
                    <option id="furniture"> furniture </option>
                    <option id="graphicarts"> graphic arts </option>
                    <option id="installation"> installation </option>
                    <option id="jewelry"> jewelry </option>
                    <option id="mediaart"> media art </option>
                    <option id="mixedmedia"> mixed media </option>
                    <option id="musicalinstrument"> musical instrument </option>
                    <option id="painting"> painting </option>
                    <option id="photograph"> photograph </option>
                    <option id="performance"> performance </option>
                    <option id="portfolio"> portfolio </option>
                    <option id="print"> print </option>
                    <option id="moveablework"> moveable work </option>
                    <option id="mural"> mural </option>
                    <option id="sculpture"> sculpture </option>
                    <option id="sketchbook"> sketchbook </option>
                    <option id="tools"> tools </option>
                    <option id="textile"> textile </option>
                    <option id="workonpaper"> work on paper </option>
                    <option id="video"> video </option>
                </options>
            </field>
        </repeat>

        <repeat id="technicalAttributeGroupList/technicalAttributeGroup">
            <field id="technicalAttribute">
                <options>
                    <option id="">Please select a value</option>
                    <option id="implement"> implement</option>
                    <option id="mark">  mark </option>
                    <option id="material"> material </option>
                    <option id="medium"> medium </option>
                    <option id="recordspeed"> record speed </option>
                    <option id="support"> support </option>
                    <option id="technique"> technique </option>
                </options>
            </field>
        </repeat>

            <repeat id="contentPositions">
                <field id="contentPosition">
                    <options>
                        <option id="">Please select a value</option>
                        <option id="back"> back </option>
                        <option id="base"> base </option>
                        <option id="bottom"> bottom </option>
                        <option id="front"> front </option>
                        <option id="inside"> inside </option>
                        <option id="left"> left </option>
                        <option id="mainpanel"> main panel </option>
                        <option id="predella"> predella </option>
                        <option id="outside"> outside </option>
                        <option id="recto"> recto </option>
                        <option id="right"> right </option>
                        <option id="rim"> rim </option>
                        <option id="sideA"> side A </option>
                        <option id="sideB"> side B </option>
                        <option id="top"> top </option>
                        <option id="verso"> verso  </option>
                    </options>
                </field>
            </repeat>

            <repeat id="textualInscriptionGroupList/textualInscriptionGroup">
                <field id="inscriptionContentPosition">
                    <options>
                        <option id="">Please select a value</option>
                        <option id="back"> back </option>
                        <option id="base"> base </option>
                        <option id="bottom"> bottom </option>
                        <option id="front"> front </option>
                        <option id="inside"> inside </option>
                        <option id="left"> left </option>
                        <option id="mainpanel"> main panel </option>
                        <option id="predella"> predella </option>
                        <option id="outside"> outside </option>
                        <option id="recto"> recto </option>
                        <option id="right"> right </option>
                        <option id="rim"> rim </option>
                        <option id="sideA"> side A </option>
                        <option id="sideB"> side B </option>
                        <option id="top"> top </option>
                        <option id="verso"> verso  </option>
                    </options>
                </field>
                <field id="inscriptionContentType">
                    <options>
                        <option id="">Please select a value</option>
                        <option id="annotation"> annotation </option>
                        <option id="bookplate"> book plate </option>
                        <option id="brand"> brand </option>
                        <option id="calculations"> calculations </option>
                        <option id="carved"> carved </option>
                        <option id="collectorsmark"> collector's mark </option>
                        <option id="colophon"> colophon </option>
                        <option id="colornotes"> color notes </option>
                        <option id="dated"> dated </option>
                        <option id="decoration"> decoration </option>
                        <option id="dedicated"> dedicated </option>
                        <option id="detailslabeled"> details labeled </option>
                        <option id="device"> device </option>
                        <option id="dimensionsgiven"> dimensions given </option>
                        <option id="estatestamp"> estate stamp </option>
                        <option id="graffito"> graffito </option>
                        <option id="foundrymark"> foundry mark </option>
                        <option id="hallmark"> hallmark </option>
                        <option id="handwritten"> handwritten </option>
                        <option id="iconographnotation"> iconograph notation </option>
                        <option id="initialed"> initialed </option>
                        <option id="impressed"> impressed </option>
                        <option id="imprinted"> imprinted </option>
                        <option id="inscribed"> inscribed </option>
                        <option id="inscribeddimensions"> inscribed dimensions </option>
                        <option id="inscribedstamp"> inscribed stamp </option>
                        <option id="label"> label </option>
                        <option id="makersmark"> maker's mark </option>
                        <option id="monogrammed"> monogrammed </option>
                        <option id="notinscribed"> not inscribed </option>
                        <option id="numbered"> numbered </option>
                        <option id="signature"> signature </option>
                        <option id="stenciled"> stenciled </option>
                        <option id="titled"> titled </option>
                        <option id="transferred"> transferred </option>
                        <option id="unknown"> unknown </option>
                    </options>
                </field>
            </repeat>

            <repeat id="nonTextualInscriptionGroupList/nonTextualInscriptionGroup">
                <field id="inscriptionDescriptionPosition">
                    <options>
                        <option id="">Please select a value</option>
                        <option id="back"> back </option>
                        <option id="base"> base </option>
                        <option id="bottom"> bottom </option>
                        <option id="front"> front </option>
                        <option id="inside"> inside </option>
                        <option id="left"> left </option>
                        <option id="mainpanel"> main panel </option>
                        <option id="predella"> predella </option>
                        <option id="outside"> outside </option>
                        <option id="recto"> recto </option>
                        <option id="right"> right </option>
                        <option id="rim"> rim </option>
                        <option id="sideA"> side A </option>
                        <option id="sideB"> side B </option>
                        <option id="top"> top </option>
                        <option id="verso"> verso  </option>
                    </options>
                </field>
                <field id="inscriptionDescriptionType">
                    <options>
                        <option id="">Please select a value</option>
                        <option id="annotation"> annotation </option>
                        <option id="bookplate"> book plate </option>
                        <option id="brand"> brand </option>
                        <option id="calculations"> calculations </option>
                        <option id="carved"> carved </option>
                        <option id="collectorsmark"> collector's mark </option>
                        <option id="colophon"> colophon </option>
                        <option id="colornotes"> color notes </option>
                        <option id="dated"> dated </option>
                        <option id="decoration"> decoration </option>
                        <option id="dedicated"> dedicated </option>
                        <option id="detailslabeled"> details labeled </option>
                        <option id="device"> device </option>
                        <option id="dimensionsgiven"> dimensions given </option>
                        <option id="estatestamp"> estate stamp </option>
                        <option id="graffito"> graffito </option>
                        <option id="foundrymark"> foundry mark </option>
                        <option id="hallmark"> hallmark </option>
                        <option id="handwritten"> handwritten </option>
                        <option id="iconographnotation"> iconograph notation </option>
                        <option id="initialed"> initialed </option>
                        <option id="impressed"> impressed </option>
                        <option id="imprinted"> imprinted </option>
                        <option id="inscribed"> inscribed </option>
                        <option id="inscribeddimensions"> inscribed dimensions </option>
                        <option id="inscribedstamp"> inscribed stamp </option>
                        <option id="label"> label </option>
                        <option id="makersmark"> maker's mark </option>
                        <option id="monogrammed"> monogrammed </option>
                        <option id="notinscribed"> not inscribed </option>
                        <option id="numbered"> numbered </option>
                        <option id="signature"> signature </option>
                        <option id="stenciled"> stenciled </option>
                        <option id="titled"> titled </option>
                        <option id="transferred"> transferred </option>
                        <option id="unknown"> unknown </option>
                    </options>
                </field>
            </repeat>

        <field id="ownershipCategory">
            <options>
                <option id="">Please select a value</option>
                <option id="auctionhouse"> auction house </option>
                <option id="agent"> agent </option>
                <option id="dealer"> dealer </option>
                <option id="owner"> owner </option>
                <option id="occupant"> occupant </option>
                <option id="public"> public </option>
                <option id="private"> private  </option>
            </options>
        </field>
        <field id="ownershipExchangeMethod">
            <options>
                <option id="">Please select a value</option>
                <option id="auction"> auction </option>
                <option id="bequest"> bequest </option>
                <option id="collectionofartist"> collection of artist </option>
                <option id="commission"> commission </option>
                <option id="exchange"> exchange </option>
                <option id="gift"> gift </option>
                <option id="leased"> leased </option>
                <option id="originalowner"> original owner </option>
                <option id="purchase"> purchase </option>
                <option id="transfer"> transfer </option>
                <option id="treasure"> treasure </option>
                <option id="unknown"> unknown </option>
            </options>
        </field>

</record>


For all the computer nerds out there Intel is getting ready to open up a ten core CPU to the open market........soon.
"The most unmissable part of Intel Broadwell-E is the flagship Core i7-6950X, which will be the first deca-core processor for the commercial market," ASRock said.
This is interesting because INTEL's latest line of CPUs have been a bust, as the computer market has dried up.
Why this matters: Intel's Skylake CPUs (and Windows 10) have failed to buoy saggng computer sales since they debuted last year, so the company has increasingly looked to gamers and hardware enthusiasts to move product. Nothing builds excitement like more CPU cores, which the Core i7-6950X has in spades.
Through most of the late 1980's, the 90's, and early 2000's, each of the new MS OS's pretty much required a newer, more powerful hardware system, but now, the latest Win 10 will run reasonably well on systems running the older Win 7.
No need to buy newer hardware to run the latest version of Windows.
You're right JW, and it seems to me that Windows 7, or maybe XP represented the end of that steep climb upward. People just aren't upgrading like they used to, and they really don't need to be doing it.
At this point the industry is in the doldrums, that's for sure. It will be interesting to see what comes along next.
Today, poeple do everything online, they don't do anything localy anymore. Some are not even storing pictures on their pc, sorry, mobile device.
Games require a basic graphic card, as well as 3d and architecture softwares. But not realy high processing power.
Video compressing, and other multi media works are the only thing I know which need multicore processors, as strong as possible. But who is ripping DVDs anymore?
For all of the Windows 10 users, there is an anniversary coming up soon. And with it will be coming more promotional apps. This fellow is not so enraptured with it all. Remember, they've already been very pushy about upgrading from older versions, and I'm getting tired of it.
3 updates in a row, they modified the file association for comon picture file extentions such as JPG, gif etc to open in their smartphone app picture viewer. I was realy upset that everytime I hade to change the file association again. Fortunately in the last update they didn't.
This is one of the reasons why I continue to love my Opera browser.
And because it remains a small portion of users, percentage wise, it is almost never hacked as the bigger ones are.
Just saw this on my PCWorld update today: U.S. seizes domains of KickassTorrents, site's owner arrested.
It will be interesting to see if it is down forever, or moved to another location.
To another location. A 20 million dollars per year business is not in the hand of a single person. Tomorrow you will know their new adress.
Hey, has anyone noticed today's Major Hacking across the Eastern US?
I hope Intel goes out of business after they laid off 1000 US citizens and hired Indians to replace them.
This guy may want to be a little more careful about what he says regarding this religious cult. Heresy can get you burned at the stake.


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If you have the perfect size piece of furniture but need a new look and want to bring its life back, Look no further than Wallauer Design Centers in Westchester, Putnam, and Rockland County, New York. We can make any piece of furniture look new again in any style to fit your décor. We take pride in our commitment to personalized service, and our friendly and experienced staff is always available and willing to assist you in selecting the most beautiful fabrics and styles to best complement your existing décor or add a whole new look to you space. Additionally, we offer a wide variety of custom built furniture that is the ultimate in comfort, quality and beauty.
We can build a new piece of furniture to fit your needs you can choose your own fabrics and styles for your new custom furniture that nobody will see anywhere else! We can create your dream style or fit your new furniture with your existing décor. We have available sofas and loveseats, sumptuous settees, chairs and chaises, ottomans and benches, upholstered beds, slipcovers, seat cushions and chair pads of the highest quality. If you're looking to transform your older pieces into stylish new furniture, we do quality re-upholstery to your specifications.
Visit one of our Design Centers in Westchester, Putnam, and Rockland County our expert staff can assist with anything from selecting the perfect fabrics and styles in our showroom or with a personal in-home consultation. Pick- up and Delivery to your home is available for any of re-upholstery or new furniture pieces.
The aesthetics of your bedroom have a major impact not only on how the room looks and feels, but how well you are able to sleep. Studies show that sleeping is easier in a space that you find visually appealing and relaxing. At Wallauer, we are Westchester, Putnam, and Rockland County's home decorating experts, and we can help you create custom upholstered headboards that will leave your room feeling more relaxed and comfortable while complementing your décor and matching your unique personal style.
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Megger Baker's electric motor analyzers use high voltage testing. Without it, it's impossible to uncover many types of problems with motors, generators and coils. Learn why high voltage testing (surge and hipot) is beneficial, why it doesn't damage your motors, and why all the industry standards require it.


text:
[:Outline:]

A switch statement is a type of selection control mechanism used to allow the value of a variable or expression
to change the control flow of program execution via a multiway branch.

Switch statements come in two main variants: a structured switch, as in Pascal, which takes exactly one branch,
and an unstructured switch, as in C, which functions as a type of goto.
** The SARL language uses structured switchs. **

> **_Important Note:_** The switch expression is very different from Java's switch statement. The use of switch is
> not limited to certain values, but can be used for any object reference.
> The operator `==` or its Java-equivalent `Object.equals(Object)` are
> used to compare the value in the case with the one you are switching over.

## Switch Cases

Consider the following example.

[:Success:]
	package io.sarl.docs.reference.gsr
	agent A {
		var [:mainexpr](myString) = "abc"
		def example1 : String {
			[:On]
			[:switchkw](switch) [:mainexpr!] {
			[:case](case) 'some' : [:returnexpr]("It's some string.")
			[:case!] 'other' : "another string."
			}
			[:Off]
		}
	}
[:End:]

The main expression [:mainexpr:] is evaluated first and then compared to each
[:case:] sequentially. If the case expression is of type boolean, the case matches
if the expression evaluates to `true`. If it is not of type boolean it is
compared to the value of the main expression using the operator `==`.

If a case is a match, the case expression after the colon is evaluated and is
the result of the whole switch expression, e.g. [:returnexpr:].
Note that there is no need for a `break` keyword; as in Java the case following
the matching case is never evaluated, due to the structured nature of the switch
statement in SARL.

The main expression, i.e. the parameter of [:switchkw:] can also be a computed value instead
of a field or variable.

> **_Important Note:_** A case must contains an expression. If you want to do nothing
> for a given case, put an empty block after the colon character.

## Default Case

If none of the cases is matching, the [:default:] case matches automatically if it is specified
in the code.

[:Success:]
	package io.sarl.docs.reference.gsr
	agent A {
		var myString = "abc"
		def example1 : String {
			[:On]
			[:switchkw!] [:mainexpr!] {
			[:case!] 'some' : [:returnexpr!]
			[:case!] 'other' : "another string."
			[:default](default): "default string"
			}
			[:Off]
		}
	}
[:End:]

## Case Guards

Consider the following example.

[:Success:]
	package io.sarl.docs.reference.gsr
	agent A {
		var myString = "abc"
		def example1 : String {
			[:On]
			[:switchkw!] [:mainexpr!] {
			[:case!] 'some' : [:returnexpr]("It's some string.")
			[:case!] 'other' : "another string."
			[:case!] [:caseguard]{myString.length > 5} : "It's a long string."
			}
			[:Off]
		}
	}
[:End:]

The expression [:caseguard:] is the guard of the case.
The associated case matches only if the guard expression is evaluated to `true`.
In the example above, the third case matches only if the value of [:mainexpr:] has length
greater than 5.

## Type Guards

In addition to the case guard described in the previous section, you can specify a type
guard.

The case only matches if the switch value conforms to a given type.
A case with both a type guard and a predicate only matches if both conditions match.
If the switch value is a field, parameter or variable, it is automatically casted
to the given type within the predicate and the case body.

[:Success:]
	package io.sarl.docs.reference.gsr
	agent A {
		var myString = "abc"
		def example1 : String {
			[:On]
			[:switchkw!] [:mainexpr!] {
			String [:case!] [:mainexpr!].length == 5 : "It's string of length 5."
			String : "a string."
			}
			[:Off]
		}
	}
[:End:]

## Fall Through

You can have multiple type guards and cases separated with a comma, to
have all of them share the same then part.

In the following example, the value [:value1:] is replied if one of the two first cases matches.
Otherwise, the value associated to the default case is used.

[:Success:]
	package io.sarl.docs.reference.gsr
	agent A {
		var myString = "abc"
		def example1 : String {
			[:On]
			[:switchkw!] [:mainexpr!] {
			case [:mainexpr!].length==5,
			case 'some' : "[:value1](a string)"
			default: "Default"
			}
			[:Off]
		}
	}
[:End:]

[:Include:](../generalsyntaxref.inc)

[:Include:](../../legal.inc)


text:
The Unity Test Runner is a tool that tests your code in both __Edit__ mode and __Play__ mode, and also on target platforms such as [Standalone](https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/Standalone.html), Android, or iOS.

To access the Unity Test Runner, go to __Window__ > __Test Runner__.

![](UnityTestRunner-0.png)

The Unity Test Runner uses a Unity integration of the NUnit library, which is an open-source unit testing library for .Net languages. For more information about NUnit, see the [official NUnit website](http://www.nunit.org/) and the [NUnit documentation on GitHub](https://github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/NUnit-Documentation).

[UnityTestAttribute](https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/TestTools.UnityTestAttribute.html) is the main addition to the standard NUnit library for the Unity Test Runner. This is a type of unit test that allows you to skip a frame from within a test (which allows background tasks to finish). To use `UnityTestAttribute`:

* In __Play__ mode: Execute `UnityTestAttribute` as a [coroutine](https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/Coroutine.html).

* In __Edit__ mode: Execute `UnityTestAttribute` in the [EditorApplication.update](https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/EditorApplication-update.html) callback loop.

## Known issues and limitations

There are some known issues and limitations of the Unity Test Runner:

* The WebGL and WSA platforms do not support `UnityTestAttribute`.

* `UnityTest` does not support [Parameterized tests](https://github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Parameterized-Tests) (except for `ValueSource`).

## How to use Unity Test Runner

This page assumes you already have an understanding of unit testing and NUnit. If you are new to NUnit or would like more information, see to the [NUnit documentation on GitHub](https://github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/NUnit-Documentation).

To open the Unity Test Runner, open Unity and go to __Window__ > __Test Runner__. If there are no tests in your Project, click the __Create Test Script in current folder__ button to create a basic test script. This button is greyed out if adding a test script would result in a compilation error. The conditions for adding a test script are in the [Editor](https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/SpecialFolders.html) folder, or any folders using Assembly Definition files that reference test assemblies (NUnit, Unity Test Runner, and user script assemblies).

![](UnityTestRunner-1.png)

You can also create test scripts by navigating to __Assets__ > __Create__ > __C# Test Script__. This option is disabled if adding a test script would result in a compilation error.

__Note:__ Unity does not include test assemblies (NUnit, Unity TestRunner, and user script assemblies) when using the normal build pipeline, but does include them when using "Run on <Platform>" in the Test Runner Window.

### Testing in Edit mode

In __Edit__ mode, Unity runs tests from the Test Runner window.

Edit mode test scripts are defined by the file location you place them in. Valid locations:

* Project [Editor](https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/SpecialFolders.html) folder

* Assembly Definition file that references test assemblies that are Editor-only

* Precompiled assemblies that are in the Project's [Editor](https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/SpecialFolders.html) folder

Click the __EditMode__ button, then click __Create Test Script in current folder__ to create a basic test script. Open and edit this in your preferred script editing software as required.

Note: When running in __Edit__ mode, execute [UnityTestAttribute](https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/TestTools.UnityTestAttribute.html) in the [EditorApplication.update](https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/EditorApplication-update.html) callback loop.

### Testing in Play mode

You need to place Play mode test scripts in a folder that an Assembly Definition file includes. The Assembly Definition file needs to reference test assemblies (Nunit and Unity TestRunner). Pre-defined Unity assemblies (such as *Assembly-CSharp.dll*) do not reference the defined assembly. This Assembly Definition file also needs to reference the assembly you want to test. This means that it's only possible to test code defined by other Assembly Definition files.

Unity does not include test assemblies in normal player builds; only when running through the Test Runner. If you need to test code in pre-defined assemblies, you can reference test assemblies from all the assemblies. However, you must manually remove these tests afterwards, so that Unity does not add them to the final player build.

To do this:

1. Save your project.

2. Go to __Window__ > __Test Runner.__

3. Click the small drop-down menu in the top-right of the window.

4. Click __Enable playmode tests for all assemblies__.

5. In the dialog box appears, click __OK__ to manually restart the Editor.

![](UnityTestRunner-2.png)

__Note:__ Enabling __PlayMode__ tests for all assemblies includes additional assemblies in your Project's build, which can increase your Project's size as well as build time.

To create __PlayMode__ test scripts, select __PlayMode__ in the Test Runner window and click __Create Test Script in current folder__. This button is greyed out if adding the script would result in a compilation error.

__Note__: Execute [UnityTestAttribute](https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/TestTools.UnityTestAttribute.html) as a [coroutine](https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/Coroutine.html) when running in __Play__ mode.