This has been done using very simple maths (simple for the computer to calculate). This tutorial will focus on understanding what is happening and how to develop this into a useful lighting model.
Since this drawing draws outside of Radius, the Antialias routine could be used to clip the drawing within Radius as was done for the original circle in the Wait/Loading animation. But this z 'height-map' is too simple. A real sphere has more interesting lighting effects.
Surprisingly, the mouse-controlled image at the top of this page simply mixes the mouse coordinates with the sphere's coordinates.
var dx=((xMouse-xMid)/Radius); // Get a displacement from the middle of the circle in units of Radius.
The main calculation is this: (dx*x+dy*y+3*z) which is each element (x,y,z) scaled to locate the light source. Think of the light source as being 3 radius' out of the page (the 3*z) and the (x,y) position varies with dx,dy.
x,y and z are Signed Unit Intervals [-1,1] and three additions have occurred. To keep the result as a Signed Unit Interval it should be scaled down. If all parts were Signed Unit Intervals it would simply be a division by three, but dx and dy can be any size: if the mouse is three radius' away from the middle of the circle, they will be three. The division must include dx and dy but since they can be positive or negative the scale factor must use the absolute value of each: (Math.abs(dx)+Math.abs(dy)+1). The +1 is to ensure that something is always visible. Without it the sphere image is entirely white when the mouse is directly over the middle.
This tutorial showed a way to manipulate a light source around a sphere. The next tutorial will take several of these light positions and mix then to produce specular highlights on the sphere.


Boardmasters festival is just around the corner and Cornwall 365 will be there to #SpeakCornish!
Find us in the The Netloft on Friday, Saturday and Sunday from 10am – 12noon for a Cornish language lesson with a difference and surf archive film on the big screen.
From 10-11am, learn some festival favourites sung in Cornish with singers Molly Banks from Some Like It Hot, Jethro Baines from Ferris Wheel Junkies, and Cornish expert Ashley Taylor from Maga Kernow.
At 11am, Cornwall Film Festival will be showing off some archive surfing short films from years gone by – some made right here in Cornwall.
We'll also be heading backstage to teach some of the artists performing at Boardmasters how to speak and sing in Cornish… we can't wait!


text:
Selma, The Imitation Game: Strong leads pace Oscar-nominated biopics
There's no reason not to like "Selma," the Ava DuVernay-helmed drama which chronicles the civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, during the 1960s led by captivating activist Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
British actor David Oyelowo makes the most of a poorly outlined script by first time screen-writer Paul Webb, largely succeeding in the attempt to provide a larger picture of King the man while given limited opportunity for character development.
There are better movies yet to be made about King's life, achievements and character as DuVernay's third feature film simply scratches the surface of a complex and powerful leader.
"Selma" is the rock dancing along the top of the water of importance, skipping around from beatings in the streets to White House visits, from quiet personal moments to loud public emotions without ever diving into any of them.
Too grand for its own good, the film lacks the depth and gravitas that the first feature centering on King deserves and suffers from the same one-note flatness that befell Angelina Jolie's "Unbroken."
At the outset of the film, DuVernay chooses to counterbalance King's Nobel Prize acceptance speech with a rural church bombing, a point never revisited again in the film.
Malcolm X, a significant figure within the civil rights movement, is relegated to a single scene, while a measured performance from Carmen Ejogo as Coretta Scott King is marginalized and largely pushed off to the side.
Supporting performances in "Selma" are a mixed bag from the uneven, haphazard performance from Tom Wilkinson as Lyndon B. Johnson to the completely flat, uninspired Tim Roth as Alabama governor George Wallace.
Among the minor players in the film, Henry G. Sanders' moving portrayal of a grandfather mourning the death of his grandson provides "Selma" with its most poignant moment, and then is relegated again to the background.
"Selma" is an important film for how it frames today's fragile racial climate following Ferguson and similar events, but its omission from larger Oscar accolades isn't a black or white issue, nor is it a political issue. It's a matter of quality in a given year.
Half of this year's nominees for Best Picture are biographical films, and several also worthy films in the same genre ("Big Eyes," "Foxcatcher") sit idly by on the sidelines.
Racial bias didn't cause the Academy to overlook DuVernay for a directing nomination, but rather that five directors had more impact on cinema this year. The fact that Clint Eastwood — who made a better film ("American Sniper") and is universally beloved by the Academy in spite of political differences — didn't receive a directing nomination should be just as shocking.
The same is true for Oyelowo as King, but the effort doesn't match up with the likes of Bradley Cooper's chameleon performance in "American Sniper," Eddie Redmayne's physical transformation to play Stephen Hawking in "The Theory of Everything" or Benedict Cumberbatch as code breaker Alan Turing in "The Imitation Game."
What works for the leads in this year's other top biopics, especially for Cumberbatch, is the depth of character each actor is able to achieve thanks to a quality script and allowances from the director to immerse themselves in the character.
A film like "The Imitation Game," which sees Cumberbatch shed most of his "Sherlock" persona to portray a complex man helping to save Britain while hiding a dark secret, offers the time for character development.
Viewers are allowed to see how Turing became the man who shortened World War II through mathematics, while also providing audiences with the social context in which Turing, a closeted homosexual, lived in.
Cumberbatch is able to live in the duality of Turing's character — the public, dry and off-putting persona of Turing the professor as well as the private Turing, struggling with sexuality in an unforgiving world.
The film, respectively directed by Morten Tyldum, captures Turing in a much more complete way than "Selma" does King, and is helped by a strong performances from Keira Knightley as a colleague aiding in secret due to sexism in the workplace.
"The Imitation Game" also does a better job of providing larger context to the film's stakes than "Selma," whose scenes of violence feel largely forced outside of the troopers' attack on the bridge.
"Selma" is a great story told well; "The Imitation Game" is a fine story told greatly.
Both films are among the year's best and are worth seeing in theaters, though neither rises to the year's elite category.
Category: New Releases, Oscar Contenders Tags: Ava DuVernay, Benedict Cumberbatch, Carmen Ejogo, David Oyelowo, Henry G. Sanders, Keira Knightley, Morten Tyldum, Paul Webb, Selma, The Imitation Game, Tim Roth, Tom Wilkinson
← American Sniper: Compelling Cooper performance stuns audiences
A Most Violent Year: Quiet drama honors gangster genre →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


SIMON64 and SIMON128 are lightweight block ciphers designed by Ray Beaulieu, Douglas Shors, Jason Smith, Stefan Treatman-Clark, Bryan Weeks and Louis Wingers. The SIMON and SPECK homepage is located at http://iadgov.github.io/simon-speck. The ciphers were designed for resource constrained devices and gadgets that participate in the Internet of Things. NIST is considering applications of lightweight cryptography for sensor networks, healthcare and the smart grid. NASA has expanding programs for small satellites such as CubeSats which may need lightweight algorithms.
One of the security goals of SIMON was maintain an acceptable level of security in an environment where power, memory and processors were [sometimes severely] limited. The ciphers are associated with the NSA so there is some controversy about them. The ciphers also have a number of good attributes so speculation should not be hard to overcome. Also see Notes on the design and analysis of Simon and Speck. Linux also added SPECK support for efficient, opportunistic encryption on low-resource devices to the kernel in February 2018.
The Crypto++ library offers SIMON-64 and SIMON-128 because they employ 32-bit and 64-bit words. Also see Issue 539 which tracked the addition and Commit 3970a066e35f. The library does not offer SIMON-48 and SIMON-96 because of the unusual 24-bit and 48-bit word sizes. SIMON-48 and SIMON-96 are technically feasible but are likely inefficient on commodity hardware.
The library's SSSE3 implementation of SIMON-128 runs at about 6 cycles per byte (cpb) on a modern Skylake machine. It is 2 or 3 cpb slower than the Simon team's SSE4 implementation. To improve speed the library needs to switch to a bit-sliced implementation. We likely will not cut-over to the bit-sliced implementation for two reasons. First, Simon does not use lookup tables so bit-slicing is not required to contain side channel threats. Second, Simon performs well already.
Note: Simon and Speck were added at Crypto++ 6.0. We call the 6.0 implementation the "big-endian" implementation because it arrived at the test vector results published in the paper, and the test vectors were in big-endian format. Our implementation was wrong because we failed to follow the algorithmic description provided in the paper. At Crypto++ 6.1 we switched to a "little-endian" implementation, which followed the algorithmic description from the the paper. The little-endian version fails to arrive at the test vector results, but it agrees with the paper and the kernel's implementation. Also see Issue 585.
If you call StaticAlgorithmName then the function will return the partial name "SIMON-<block size>". Once the cipher is keyed you can call AlgorithmName which returns the full name presented as "SIMON-<block size>(<key length>)". In the case of SIMON the algorithms names are SIMON-64(96), SIMON-64(128), SIMON-128(128), SIMON-128(192) and SIMON-128(256).
The naming follows DSTU 7624:2014, where block size is provided first and then key length. The library uses a dash to identify block size and parenthesis to identify key length. For example, Kalyna-128(256) is Kalyna with a 128-bit block size and a 256-bit key length. If a mode is associated with the object, then it follows as expected. For example, Kalyna-256(512)/ECB denotes Kalyna with a 256-bit block and 512-bit key operated in ECB mode.
There are three sample programs. The first shows SIMON key and block sizes. The second and third use filters in a pipeline. Pipelining is a high level abstraction and it handles buffering input, buffering output and padding for you.
The first snippet dumps the minimum, maximum, and default key lengths used by SIMON128.
Output from the above snippet produces the following. Notice the default key size is 128 bits or 16 bytes.
The following program shows how to operate SIMON128 in CBC mode using a pipeline. The key is declared on the stack using a SecByteBlock to ensure the sensitive material is zeroized. Similar could be used for both plain text and recovered text.
The Simon and Speck implementations can be tested with the cryptest.exe program. The program validates against modified test vectors from the Simon and Speck paper. Each test vector presented in the paper was modified to little-endian format.
There was one test vector for each block size and key size. After we had one working test vector we generated additional test vectors for later use. The additional test vectors are located at TestVectors/simon.txt and TestVectors/speck.txt.
The program used to generate the test vectors is available at Noloader | simon-speck-supercop. See the files simon-tv.cxx and speck-tv.cxx.
Tests complete. Total tests = 110. Failed tests = 0.
This page was last edited on 13 July 2018, at 15:03.


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NOAA Coastal and Estuarine Land Conversation Program Grant NOAA
The Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program (CELCP) was authorized for the purpose of protecting important coastal and estuarine areas that have significant conservation, recreation, ecological, historical, or aesthetic values, or that are threatened by conversion from their natural, undeveloped, or recreational state to other uses. This announcement solicits applications for land acquisition projects (fee simple interest or conservation easements) that are expected to be completed within 18 months from the start date of the award. NOAA-NOS-OCRM-2014-2003828.
Estuarine Conservation Varies Northwest, Southwest, Northeast, Southeast, National, Alaska, Coastal Link
National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) Collaborative Science Program 2019 NOAA
Deadline Passed 12/03/2018. Deadline Unknown for 2019. The purpose of this document is to advise the public that NOAA is soliciting applications to administer a 5-year, applied research program that supports collaborative research in the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS). This funding opportunity will provide support for the grantee to develop and administer a comprehensive national program that funds extramural collaborative science projects to address the system-wide research and management needs of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, while being responsive to local and regional reserve priorities and those of NOAA.
research, collaboration, management, coastal management, estuarine management, implementation Total Program Funding: $20,000,000 US coastlines Link
FY 2018 – 2020 - Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) Announcement Type: Initial NOAA
Past deadline: May 15, 2019. The notice requests proposals for special projects and programs associated with NOAA's strategic plan and mission goals. There are four mission goals described in the Broad Agency Announcement including Climate Adaptation and Mitigation, Weather-Ready Nations, Healthy Oceans, and Resilient Coastal Communities and Economies. This broad agency announcement is a mechanism to encourage research, education and outreach, innovative projects, or sponsorships that are not addressed through NOAA competitive discretionary programs. It is not a mechanism for awarding congressionally directed funds.
climate adaptation, mitigation, weather preparedness, disaster preparedness, oceans, coasts There are no funds specifically appropriated by Congress for this BAA. Funding for potential projects in this notice is contingent upon the availability of Fiscal Year 2018, Fiscal Year 2019, and Fiscal Year 2020 appropriations. Applicants are hereby given notice that funds have not yet been appropriated for any proposed activities in this notice. National Link
2019 Ecological Effects of Sea Level Rise Program NOAA
Deadline passed. Most recent deadline: 1/16/2019. The purpose of this document is to advise the public that NOAA/NOS/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)/Competitive Research Program is soliciting proposals for the Ecological Effects of Sea Level Rise Program (EESLR). This solicitation is to improve adaptation and planning in response to regional and local effects of sea level rise and coastal inundation through targeted research on key technologies, natural and nature-based infrastructure, physical and biological processes, and model evaluation. The overall goal of EESLR is to facilitate informed adaptation planning and coastal management decisions through a multidisciplinary research program that results in integrated models and tools of dynamic physical and biological processes capable of evaluating vulnerability and resilience under multiple SLR, inundation, and management scenarios.
coasts, coastal inundation, sea level rise, infrastructure, ecology, adaptation, planning, modeling, evaluation $250,000-$1,500,000 Coasts Link
NOAA's Adaptation Science Program NOAA
For Fiscal Year 2021, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Adaptation Science Program is soliciting proposals focused on U.S. coastal communities planning for the future impacts of flooding in the context of climate change and other stressors. The program seeks to advance the science of adaptation by soliciting proposals for interdisciplinary and social science research projects that accelerate, expand and enhance the effectiveness and scale of adaptation and resilience planning and implementation in the face of complex challenges in coastal settings. https://cpo.noaa.gov/Funding-Opportunities/FY-2021-Notice-of-Funding-Opp...
National Link
A Cooperative Agreement for Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Competition NOAA
Deadline passed. Most recent deadline: 05/24/2021. The NOAA Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Program (CAMP) supports research, programs, projects and other activities related to NOAA's mission, primarily through collaborations among scientists and professionals in areas of mutual interest across the full spectrum of NOAA climate sciences. This cooperative agreement will focus on the following four priority areas: 1) Improved scientific understanding of the changing climate system and its impacts; 2) Scientific assessments of current and future states of the climate system that identify potential impacts and inform science, service, and stewardship decisions; 3) Mitigation and adaptation efforts supported by sustained, reliable, and timely climate services; 4) A climate-literate public that understands its vulnerabilities to a changing climate and makes informed decisions. Eligible applicants must be academic institutions of higher learning which offer doctoral degrees in NOAA-related sciences; consortia of academic institutions of higher learning which offer doctoral degrees in NOAA-related sciences; or non-profit research institutions. Multi-institution applications will not be accepted.
climate, mitigation, adaptation $30,000,000 - $50,000,000 National Link
Pacific Northwest Bay-Watershed Education and Training NOAA
Most recent deadline passed. NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary office) is seeking proposals under the Pacific Northwest B-WET Program. The Pacific Northwest B-WET Program is a competitive, environmental education, grants program that promotes locally relevant, experiential learning in the K-12 environment. Funded projects provide Meaningful Watershed Educational Experiences (MWEEs) for students, related professional development for teachers, and help to support regional education and environmental priorities in the Pacific Northwest. This Federal funding opportunity meets NOAA's Vision of healthy ecosystems, helping to ensure that ocean, estuarine, and related ecosystems and the species that inhabit them are vibrant and sustainable in the face of challenges.
environmental education, watersheds, professional development, healthy ecosystems, ocean health $30,000-$60,000 Pacific Northwest Link
NOAA Science Collaboration Program NOAA
Recent Deadline: 05/10/2021. The NOAA Science Collaboration Program (NSCP) supports research, programs, projects and other activities related to NOAA's mission, primarily through collaborations among scientists and professionals in areas of mutual interest across the full spectrum of NOAA sciences. This includes the support of undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral researchers and scientists with expertise in NOAA-related sciences. It is expected that some of the scientists will collaborate onsite at NOAA facilities and laboratories. Through this funding opportunity, NOAA is also interested in supporting complementary Earth systems research and modeling efforts, social science and interdisciplinary research efforts which can serve as a catalyst for collaborations between NOAA professionals and scientists supported through this program.
$50,000,000 - $75,000,000 National Link
FY2019 Marine Debris Research NOAA
Deadline Passed 12/14/2018. Deadline Unknown for 2019. The NOAA Marine Debris Program (MDP), authorized in the Marine Debris Act (33 U.S.C. 1951-1958), provides funding to support eligible organizations to conduct research directly related to marine debris through field, laboratory, and modeling experiments. The MDP invites applications for research funding in any of three areas of focus: research that explores the ecological risk associated with marine debris and determines debris exposure levels; research that examines the fate and transport of marine debris; and/or research that quantifies habitat impacts resulting from marine debris and the gains in ecosystem services that result when debris is removed.
marine debris, research, ecological health, habitat health $75,000-$350,000 National Link
Research to Action: Assessing and Addressing Community Exposures to Environmental Contaminants NIH (National Institutes of Health)
Deadline unknown for FY 2017. This Funding Opportunity Announcement encourages applications using community-engaged research methods to investigate the potential health risks of environmental exposures of concern to the community and to implement an environmental health action plan based on research findings.
Public Health, Environmental Risks, Community Health. The number of awards is contingent upon NIH appropriations and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications. Application budgets are not limited but need to reflect the actual needs of the proposed project. National. Link
Alfalfa and Forage Research Program NIFA
Deadline passed as of May 1, 2017. Deadline for 2018 unknown. Alfalfa and Forage Research Program (AFRP) will support the development of improved alfalfa forage and seed production systems. Proposals submitted to AFRP should address one or more of the following priorities: (1) Improving alfalfa forage and seed yield through better nutrient, water and/or pest management; (2) Improving persistence of alfalfa stands by lessening biotic or abiotic stresses; (3) Improving alfalfa forage and seed harvesting and storage systems to optimize economic returns; (4) Improving estimates of alfalfa forage quality as an animal feed to increase forage usage in animal feeds; and/or (5) Breeding to address biotic and abiotic stresses that impact forage yield and persistence and the production of seed for propagation.
cattle, livestock, sustainability, management, infrastructure, food supplies, feed supplies, wild foods, foraging $0 - $250,000 National Link
Agriculture and Food Research Initiative - Water for Food Production Systems Challenge Area NIFA
Deadline passed as of August 2, 2017 Deadline for 2018 unknown. This AFRI Challenge Area focuses on multidisciplinary systems approaches, which integrate new technologies and strategic management that solve water availability and quality challenges in food production systems. The long-term goal of this program is to sustainably increase agricultural productivity and availability of safe and nutritious food while significantly reducing water use and preserving water quality. The projects are expected to transform how abundant, safe, and nutritious food is produced, processed, distributed, and consumed within the limits of available water from traditional and non-traditional sources. Applications are invited from eligible entities to submit integrated Research, Education and/or Extension projects in two specific grant types: Coordinated Agricultural Projects (CAP) and Strengthening (Food and Agricultural Science Enhancement) CAP grants — see Water for Food Production Systems RFA for details.
food security, water, irrigation, resources, conservation, sustainability, infrastructure, management, planning, policy, farm, food, local economy, accessibility $0 - $5,200,000 National Link
National Fish Habitat Partnership -- Desert Fish 2015 NGO, USFWS
The Desert Fish Habitat Partnership is requesting submission of project proposals for the 2015 National Fish Habitat Partnership funding cycle and other potential funding sources. Projects should directly address the habitat needs of desert fish, specifically those identified in the DFHP Framework for Strategic Conservation of Desert Fish.
Natural Resource Management, Conservation Unknown Northwest, Southwest Link
Bring Back the Natives/More Fish NGO, DOI, USDA
RFP closed for FY 2015; Unknown grant status for FY 2016. Bring Back the Natives funds on-the-ground efforts to restore, protect, and enhance native aquatic species to their historic range. Projects should involve partnerships between communities, agencies, private landowners, and organizations and should focus on habitat needs of species such as fish, invertebrates, and amphibians. The Bring Back the Natives/More Fish program invests ins conservation activities that restore, protect, and enhance native populations of sensitive or listed fish species across the United States, especially in areas on or adjacent to federal agency lands.
Natural Resources, Wildlife, Aquatice Species Conservation Individual awards between $25,000 and $100,000 Northwest, Southwest, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, National, Alaska Link
Alaska Native Fund NGO
RFP closed for 2016. The Alaska Native Fund's purpose is to 'advance Alaska Native priorities for protecting the land and sustaining our ways of life.' The Fund provides an Indigenous framework for addressing critical environmental issues and promotes innovative strategies to strengthen capacity of Alaska Native organizations and communities. The Fund's goals are: 1) Leverage more foundation and donor resources for Native organizations; 2) Support Alaska Native strategies and solutions on environmental issues; and 3) Build relationships to grow and strengthen conservation in Alaska. The Fund supports Alaska Native-led projects that incorporate Indigenous and Traditional Knowledge to; address the impacts of climate change, promote sustainable alternatives to extractive industries, ensure food security in the marine environment and draw connections between human and environmental health. PLEASE NOTE: 12/1/2014 is the due date for a letter of inquiry.
Environmental Justice, Regulatory Grant range for qualifying Alaska Native organizations: $10,000-$20,000; Individuals: up to $10,000. Northwest, Alaska Link
LOUISIANA SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM NGO
SoI is required and due by 5 pm on Friday, March 3, 2017. Full Proposals: Full Proposals will only be accepted on May 22, 2017 if a SoI was submitted. For this funding opportunity, Louisiana Sea Grant seeks responsive research that provides scientific and socioeconomic information, design innovation, as well as policy guidance, for fisheries management, climate change adaptation, resilient communities, and ecosystem restoration in coastal systems and communities in Louisiana. Coastal Louisiana offers a laboratory of restoration, protection, and adaptation projects that together with laboratory studies, field investigations, models, and/or socioeconomic tools and synthesis products, offer innovative opportunities for research projects that should improve understanding of coastal ecosystem function and help predict the responses of ecosystems and communities to a changing climate and/or planning activities. SoIs must include an outreach plan that demonstrates a connection with user groups, such as resource managers, communities, and/or informal and formal learners. Proposed projects should be for a 24-month maximum duration (but may be less than 24 months). PIs should focus on outcomes that can be achieved during this timeframe.
climate change, marine, fisheries, aquaculture, commercial, industrial, ocean, health, adaptation, mitigation, estuary Varies. Louisiana, Delta Link
Russell Family Foundation NGO
The Russell Family Foundation aims to protect and restore Puget Sound by supporting an environmental education program. They support organizations that provide opportunities for outdoor environmental education experiences throughout Puget Sound. These organizations deliver outdoor experiential learning to students in 5th through 12th grade who live in urbanized areas.
Restoration, Conservation Previous round of awards were ~$43,000 Puget Sound, Washington, Northwest Link
Green Neighborhoods Grant Program NGO
Deadline Passed 8/15/2016. Deadline for 2018 unknown. The Affordable Green Neighborhoods Grant Program will award grants and provide educational resources to affordable housing developers and related public agencies who choose to pursue LEED 2009 for Neighborhood Development certification. Preference will be given to qualifying projects that meet additional goals, including the redevelopment of infill and previously developed sites, effort to strengthen the surrounding neighborhoods, commitment to engage stakeholders in the development process, and the provision of green housing for a range of income levels.
Energy Individual awards of $25,000 Northwest, Southwest, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, National, Alaska Link
Honor the Earth Grant Programs NGO
Honor the Earth programs focus on nurturing resilience in indigenous communities who are faced with daunting environmental and social realities. Resilience theory is a discussion in academic and environmenal arenas about how communities and societies will adapt to climate change. Our Building Resilience in Indigenous Communities Initiative focuses on two areas: Food Sovereignty and Energy Justice. In specific, Honor the Earth will fund restoration of indigenous food systems in Native communities, and Energy efficiency and renewable energy projects in Native communities. We work to support and forward the development of culturally-based, indigenous solutions to climate change and peak oil based on re-localizing food and energy economies. We also hope to foster restoration of traditional knowledge as a key adaptation and mitigation strategy to ensure a safe and healthy future for our children and the next seven generations. Honor the Earth is currently accepting applications on an ongoing basis. Please check their site to ensure you the have the most up-to-date information.
Environmental Justice, Energy, Adaptation, Agriculture, Mitigation, Health $1,000-$5,000 Northwest, Southwest, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, National, Alaska, International (Canada) Link
Doris Duke Charitable Foundation NGO
This foundation supports environmental action according to a four part main strategy (see weblink for more).The foundation's Environmental Program strives to meet its main strategies through grant awards. The Environment Program awards grants through invited proposals and the occasional funding competition. Funding opportunities may also be available through organizations administering re-granting programs supported by the foundation.
Conservation, Clean Energy Varies Tri-State Area, Northeast Link
Barrett Foundation Business Concept Challenge NGO
Deadline Passed in 2016. Deadline for 2019 Unknown. This unique competition is open to teams that include at least two accredited college or university students, graduate students, or post-doctoral students. Founded by Craig Barrett, Former Chairman and CEO of Intel Corporation and long-time Board Member of the NFF, the Challenge encourages and rewards innovative market-based solutions to natural resource issues affecting National Forests and Grasslands and hopes to cultivate a new generation of entrepreneurial natural resource and business leaders. The objectives of the Barrett Foundation Business Concept Challenge are: 1) to develop and launch market-based solutions that satisfy multiple goals of forest health, sustainable use, and economic development, including job creation, 2) to stimulate creative thinking to address problems and identify opportunities that benefit the National Forests and Grasslands, 3) to educate students and their partners about the practical steps necessary to design and implement market-based solutions to natural resource challenges and 4) to prepare students to work with interdisciplinary partners in response to complex natural resource challenges.
Conservation, Grasslands, Forests, Business $75,000 top prize, $25,000 runner up Northwest, Southwest, Northeast, Southeast, National, Alaska Link


text:
53°32′35″N 113°29′23″W / 53.5430°N 113.4897°W / 53.5430; -113.4897Coordinates: 53°32′35″N 113°29′23″W / 53.5430°N 113.4897°W / 53.5430; -113.4897
16,695,913 (2014)[1]
Access and use
10,403,317 (2014) [1]
$56,985,898 (2014)[1]
Pilar Martinez[2]
The Edmonton Public Library (EPL) is a publicly funded library system in the city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, available for use by any member of the public. Library cards are free to all Edmontonians; as part of its centennial, the Edmonton Public Library eliminated membership fees on cards registered in 2013 and customers who have registered since.[3] University of Alberta and MacEwan University students can receive free access using the L-Pass program.[4][5]
In 2014, more than 14.1 million visits were made to the Edmonton Public Library, either in physical or virtual form. 10.4 million items were borrowed, and 347,995 people participated in 13,532 library-run programs.[1]
3.1 Current Branches
3.2 Former Branches
3.3 Future Building Projects
5 Partnerships
Collection[edit]
EPL has more than 16.6 million items in its collection including books, CDs, DVDs, magazines, video games, and online resources.[1] There are 21 branches, the oldest of which is the Old Strathcona Branch, opened in 1913; the newest is the Heritage Valley Branch, which opened in April 2018.[6]
The history of the Edmonton Public Library (EPL) begins in 1912, when the cities of Edmonton and Strathcona began to consider the creation of two public libraries in the region. By the time the two libraries opened in 1913, Edmonton and Strathcona had amalgamated, and so one fledgling library system started with two branches;[7] the Strathcona branch was the only branch to the south of the North Saskatchewan River that divides the city of Edmonton, and it would remain so until 1955. The branch on the north side of the river was temporarily located in the Chisholm Block, above a meat shop and a liquor store.[8]
Between the years of 1914 and 1923, the Edmonton branch operated out of various buildings in the downtown area. In 1923, the Central Library building was opened with help from a Carnegie library grant, which sat on the site now occupied by Telus Plaza, it would remain in service until 1967, when the Centennial Library opened on Sir Winston Churchill Square, only a few blocks away, remaining in downtown Edmonton.[8]
Beginning in 1941, the Edmonton Public Library began to operate traveling services to meet the needs of the community; the first service operated out of a streetcar. In 1947, trucks and buses were pressed into service as bookmobiles; these were replaced by book trailers in 1974, some of which were decommissioned in 1982 as a cost-saving measure. These decommissioned trailers were replaced by the more traditional bookmobile format. 1982 also saw the implementation of data radio in the bookmobiles, which enabled them to communicate directly with the main EPL database. This allowed staff to utilize the electronic database and to review customer accounts from the bookmobile itself; the bookmobiles remained in service until 1991, when they were decommissioned.[8][9] In 2014, traveling services were reintroduced with the launch of epl2GO literacy vans.[1]
Between 1950 and 1970, seven branches were opened throughout the city of Edmonton, followed by five more between 1970 and 1990. In 1996, the main branch located at the Centennial Library was renamed the Stanley A. Milner Library in honor of the chair of the library board from 1963 to 1968, who had worked so hard to make the Centennial Library become a reality.[8]
Currently, the Edmonton Public Library operates 20 branches and continues to expand with the City of Edmonton.
Old Strathcona Branch of Edmonton Public Library.
Edmonton Public Library currently has 21 branches across Edmonton, including two new branches opened in 2014 in Clareview Town Centre and The Meadows; these combine library branches with sports and recreation centres.[10] In 2000, 5 branches were in malls, and they were Abbotsfield, Capilano, Londonderry, Mill Woods, and Southgate; the first to leave was Southgate which closed in 2002 and became Whitemud Crossing. Abbotsfield & Mill Woods relocated to nearby locations in 2010 and 2015, and in 2019 Capilano relocated to a standalone building in the same area; as of 2019, the only branch located inside a mall is Londonderry. In 2018, the Londonderry Branch moved to a new location within Londonderry Mall, which is more accessible and modern.
Current Branches[edit]
Enterprise Square Branch (main library) (2017–present)
Abbottsfield - Penny McKee Branch (1996–present)
Calder Branch (1966–present)
Capilano Branch (1966–present)
Castle Downs Branch (1981–present)
Clareview Branch (2014–present)
eplGO Heritage Valley (2018-present)
eplGO McConachie (2016–present)
eplGO West Henday (2015–present)
Highlands Branch (1962–present)
Idylwylde Branch (1960–present)
Jasper Place Branch (1961–present)
Lois Hole Branch (2008–present)
Londonderry Branch (1984–present)
Mill Woods Branch (1982–present)
Meadows Branch (2014–present)
Old Strathcona Branch (1913–present)
Riverbend Branch (2000–present)
Sprucewood Branch (1953–present)
Stanley A. Milner Branch (1967-present). Closed for renovation until 2020.[11][12] Temporarily replaced by Enterprise Square Branch.[13][14]
Whitemud Crossing Branch (2002–present)
Woodcroft Branch (1956–present)
Former Branches[edit]
Chisholm Block (1913-1914)
Central Library (1923-1966) - replaced by Centennial Library
Centennial Library (1967-1996) - renamed Stanley A. Milner Library
Southgate Branch (1971-2002) - replaced by Whitemud Crossing Branch
Dickinsfield Branch (1973-1984) - replaced by Londonderry Branch
Lessard Branch (1996-2008) - replaced by Lois Hole Branch
eplGO U of A (2009-2014)
Future Building Projects[edit]
Abbottsfield-Penny McKee [15]
Lewis Farms [16]
Stanley A. Milner Library [17]
Services[edit]
See also: Capital City Records
In addition to a large collection of items, the libraries offer services to people with special needs including: braille materials, large-print materials, talking books, descriptive DVDs and home service for those unable to visit the library, it also offers assistive technologies for customers such as: TTY for the deaf, closed circuit TVs that enlarge or enhance print, magnifiers, specialized software, LEAP computer work stations, and alternative keyboards.[18]
EPL delivers free programs and events for preschoolers, children, teens, and adults in all of its branches. Program information is provided in the "Library Guide" printed three times per year, and through the EPL website.[19] Services include:
Information and reference services
Access to full-text databases
Free downloadable audiobooks
Hoopla, an online book/movie/audiobook database.
Internet access, through desktop workstations, Chromebooks, and Wi-Fi
Reader's advisory services
Programs for children, youth and adults
Delivery to home-bound individuals
Makerspace area with equipment such as 3D Printers, an Espresso Book Machine, creative workstations (PCs & Macs), digital conversion hardware, gaming consoles, a green screen, and sound booths.
Outreach services including literacy, education and social support for at-risk Edmontonians.
Rooms and theatres for rent
An online record label that licenses and distributes locally-released music from Edmonton called Capital City Records[20]
Library tours [21]
Partnerships[edit]
The Edmonton Public Library maintains partnerships with the University of Alberta, Edmonton Public Schools, Edmonton Catholic Schools, the Centre for Family Literacy, the Arts District, and Edmonton Transit System; each branch is assigned a regional list of public and Catholic schools for which is provides many services. EPL also works with community groups such as the Mennonite Centre for Newcomers, Multicultural Health Brokers and a variety of literacy-based organizations.
EPL is a member of "The Alberta Library" (TAL), a province-wide system that allows access to material from every member library in Alberta.[22] EPL is also a member of the Metro Edmonton Foundation of Libraries.[8]
2014[edit]
Winner EPL is the first Canadian Library to be named 2014 Library of the Year by Library Journal magazine and Gale Cengage Learning - the highest library honour of its kind.
Accolade EPL CEO Linda Cook receives the Canadian Library Association's highest honour - Outstanding Service to Librarianship Award
Accolade EPL CEO Linda Cook receives the Library Association of Alberta President's award for making a province wide impact in the library field.
Winner Public Library Association (PLA) Polaris Innovation in Technology John Iliff Award for the ME Card
Honorable Mention Urban Libraries Council Top Innovator Nominee in Community-Led and Safe Communities Initiative
Winner American Library Association (ALA) Cutting Edge Service for the ME Libraries Card
Winner Minister's Award for Excellence and Innovation in Public Library Service
Winner Jasper Place Branch received an Award of Merit for architecture at the Prairie Design Awards
Winner Ad Club of Edmonton (ACE) Distinction Award for the centennial timeline video
Winner Summit International Creative Award for the centennial timeline video
Winner Summit International Creative Award for outdoor advertising
Winner Summit International Creative Award for the centennial marketing campaign
Winner International Association of Business Communicators (IABC) Edmonton Award of Excellence for the centennial marketing campaign.
Winner Community Librarian Amanda Bird received the CLA Emerging Leader award
Winner Jasper Place Branch received an Award of Merit for architecture at the Edmonton Urban Design Award
Accolade Linda Cook received the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
Winner Deputy CEO Pilar Martinez received the CLA/Ken Haycock Award for Promoting Librarianship
Winner John Cotton Dana Library Public Relations Award
Winner Urban Libraries Council Innovator Award - Brand Launch
Second Place 9th Annual International Federation of Library Associations International Marketing Award
Accolade Marketing Director Tina Thomas received the Library Journal Mover and Shaker
Winner Canadian Library Trustees Association Achievement Award for Literacy
Winner International Association of Business Communicators Capital Award
Silver Summit International Creative Award Poster Design
Bronze Summit International Creative Award Booklet Design
Winner Getting Attention! Tagline Award Winner
Gold Summit International Creative Award Logo Redesign
Gold Summit International Creative Award Collateral Redesign
Silver International Davey Award B2C Campaign
Silver International Davey Award Billboard Campaign
Silver International Davey Award Transit Campaign
Silver International Davey Award Low Budget TV Commercials
Bronze Summit International Creative Award TV Campaign [23]
List of Carnegie libraries in Canada
^ a b c d e f "Edmonton Public Library 2014 Annual Report" (PDF). Edmonton Public Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 5, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ "Edmonton Public Library Directors". Edmonton Public Library. Archived from the original on April 23, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ "Get a Library Card - FOR FREE!". Edmonton Public Library. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ "Edmonton Public Library Partnership". University of Alberta Libraries. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ https://library.macewan.ca/lpass
^ "McConachie". Retrieved 2016-06-30.
^ First annual report of the Edmonton Public Library and Strathcona Public Librar. Edmonton. 1913.
^ a b c d e "The Edmonton Public Library: Serving Edmontonians from 1913 to 2007" (PDF). Edmonton Public Library, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 10, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ Grabar, Henry. "Lost Treasure of the Day: Edmonton's Streetcar Bookmobile". The Atlantic Cities. Atlantic Media Company.
^ "Branches & Hours". Edmonton Public Library. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ https://www.epl.ca/current-plans/
^ https://www.epl.ca/blogs/post/tour-the-milner-makeover/
^ https://www.epl.ca/faq/milner-is-moving/#faq_22752
^ https://www.epl.ca/milner-is-moving/
^ "Abbottsfield-Penny McKee". Retrieved 2019-06-24.
^ "Lewis Farms". Retrieved 2016-06-30.
^ "Stanley A. Milner Library". Retrieved 2019-06-24.
^ "Assistive Services | Edmonton Public Library". Epl.ca. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ "Programs and Events | Edmonton Public Library". Epl.ca. Archived from the original on August 26, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ "Edmonton Public Library to offer free downloads of local music". Edmonton Journal. 2015-01-28. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
^ "Services | Edmonton Public Library". Epl.ca. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ "Services". The Alberta Library. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ "We Dig Big Brains and Big Awards". Edmonton Public Library. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
The Alberta Library System
City of Edmonton
Notable Edmontonians
1983 Summer Universiade
City Centre Airport
Fort Edmonton
Heritage buildings
Hotel Macdonald
North Saskatchewan River flood of 1915
List of mayors
Mindbender crash
Aspen parkland
Edmonton Metro Region
North Saskatchewan River
Ribbon of Green
William Hawrelak Park
Whitemud Creek
Alberta's Industrial Heartland
EPCOR Utilities
PCL Construction
West Edmonton Mall
Remand Centre
List of libraries
List of Universities and colleges
MacEwan University
Northern Alberta Institute of Technology
K-Days
Wilfred Watson
Transportation and
International airport
Anthony Henday Drive
Canadian Forces Base (CFB)
Pedway
Edmonton portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edmonton_Public_Library&oldid=903307938"
Libraries in Edmonton
Public libraries in Alberta
1913 establishments in Alberta
Libraries established in 1913
Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers
Edmonton is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region, surrounded by Alberta's central region; the city anchors the north end of what Statistics Canada defines as the "Calgary–Edmonton Corridor". The city had a population of 932,546 in 2016, making it Alberta's second-largest city and Canada's fifth-largest municipality. In 2016, Edmonton had a metropolitan population of 1,321,426, making it the sixth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. Edmonton is North America's northernmost metropolitan area with a population over one million. A resident of Edmonton is known as an Edmontonian. Edmonton's historic growth has been facilitated through the absorption of five adjacent urban municipalities in addition to a series of annexations through 1982, the annexation of 8,260 ha of land from Leduc County and the city of Beaumont on January 1, 2019. Known as the "Gateway to the North", the city is a staging point for large-scale oil sands projects occurring in northern Alberta and large-scale diamond mining operations in the Northwest Territories.
Edmonton is a cultural and educational centre. It hosts a year-round slate of festivals, reflected in the nickname "Canada's Festival City", it is home to North America's largest mall, West Edmonton Mall, Fort Edmonton Park, Canada's largest living history museum. The earliest known inhabitants arrived in the area, now Edmonton around 3,000 BC and as early as 12,000 BC when an ice-free corridor opened as the last glacial period ended and timber and wildlife became available in the region. In 1754, Anthony Henday, an explorer for the Hudson's Bay Company, may have been the first European to enter the Edmonton area, his expeditions across the Canadian Prairies were to seek contact with the aboriginal population for establishing the fur trade, as the competition was fierce between the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company. By 1795, Fort Edmonton was established on the river's north bank as a major trading post for the Hudson's Bay Company; the new fort's name was suggested by John Peter Pruden after Edmonton, the hometown of both the HBC deputy governor Sir James Winter Lake, Pruden.
In 1876, Treaty 6, which includes what is now Edmonton, was signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Queen Victoria as Queen of Canada, as part of the Numbered Treaties of Canada. The agreement includes the Plains and Woods Cree and other band governments of First Nations at Fort Carlton, Fort Pitt, Battle River; the area covered by the treaty represents most of the central area of the current provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta. The coming of the Canadian Pacific Railway to southern Alberta in 1885 helped the Edmonton economy, the 1891 building of the Calgary and Edmonton Railway resulted in the emergence of a railway townsite on the river's south side, across from Edmonton; the arrival of the CPR and the C&E Railway helped bring settlers and entrepreneurs from eastern Canada, Europe, U. S. and other parts of the world. The Edmonton area's fertile soil and cheap land attracted settlers, further establishing Edmonton as a major regional commercial and agricultural centre; some people participating in the Klondike Gold Rush passed through South Edmonton/Strathcona in 1897.
Strathcona was North America's northernmost railway point, but travel to the Klondike was still difficult for the "Klondikers," and a majority of them took a steamship north to the Yukon from Vancouver, British Columbia. Incorporated as a town in 1892 with a population of 700 and as a city in 1904 with a population of 8,350, Edmonton became the capital of Alberta when the province was formed a year on September 1, 1905. In November 1905, the Canadian Northern Railway arrived in Edmonton. During the early 1900s, Edmonton's rapid growth led to speculation in real estate. In 1912, Edmonton amalgamated with the City of Strathcona, south of the North Saskatchewan River. Just before World War I, the boom ended, the city's population declined from more than 72,000 in 1914 to less than 54,000 only two years later. Many impoverished families moved to subsistence farms outside the city, while others fled to greener pastures in other provinces. Recruitment to the army during the war contributed to the drop in population.
Afterwards, the city recovered in population and economy during the 1920s and 1930s and took off again during and after World War II. The Edmonton City Centre Airport opened in 1929. Named Blatchford Field in honour of former mayor Kenny Blatchford, pioneering aviators such as Wilfrid R. "Wop" May and Max Ward used Blatchford Field as a major base for distributing mail and medicine to Northern Canada. World War II saw Edmonton become a major base for the construction of the Alaska Highway and the Northwest Staging Route; the airport was closed in November 2013. In 1892 Edmonton was incorporated as a town; the first mayor was Matthew McCauley, who established the first school board in Edmonton and Board of Trade and a municipal police service. Due to mayor McCauley's good relationship with the federal Liberals this helped Edmonton to maintain political prominence over Strathcona, a rival settlement on the south bank of the North Saskatche
Southgate Centre is a shopping centre located in south Edmonton, Canada, covering just under 90,000 square metres. It contains 165 retailers including The Bay, Zara, Michael Kors, HMV, Inc. Browns Shoes and Edmonton's only Crate & Barrel. Apple opened a second store in Edmonton at Southgate Centre on May 28, 2010, Edmonton's first Lego store opened in June 2013; the Centre is located adjacent to Whitemud Drive and 111 Street, is located across from a transit bus station and the Southgate LRT Station. Following major expansion, the mall marked its reopening in August 2009, including a new food court and added parking; these expansions included 40 new stores under a new two-level parking deck and a station on the expansion of the Edmonton Light Rail Transit system, whose opening ceremony was on April 24, 2010. An Edmonton Public Library branch operated until 2002, when it relocated to nearby Whitemud Crossing; the mall is owned by a subsidiary of the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec. The mall has three anchor tenants: The Bay 21,976 square metres Safeway 4,884 square metres Crate & Barrel Sears Canada 24,435 square metres – closed January 8, 2018, replaced with Big Comfort on July 21, 2018 Edmonton Public Library – closed 2002, now Dollarama Eatons – closed 1999, replaced with Sears Canada in 2000 Woodward's – closed 1993-replaced with Eatons which closed in 1999Big Comfort - closed March 31, 2019 On August 12, 2010, Southgate celebrated the 40th anniversary of its opening.
When the centre opened with Woodward's, Woodward's Food Floor and The Bay, it was at the time the largest shopping centre west of Toronto and the first centre built in Alberta that housed two anchor department stores. In 1993, Woodward's went bankrupt. In addition, Safeway occupied the food floor of the former Woodward's. By 1999, Eaton's went bankrupt and its space became a Sears the following year relocating from the nearby Heritage Mall, subsequently decommissioned and converted into a mixed-use development called Century Park. Official website Ivanhoé Cambridge Leasing Fact Page
Fort Edmonton was the name of a series of trading posts of the Hudson's Bay Company from 1795 to 1891, all of which were located in central Alberta, Canada. From 1795 to 1821 it was paired with the North West Company's Fort Augustus, it was the end point of the Carlton Trail, the main overland route for Metis freighters between the Red River Colony and the west and an important stop on the York Factory Express route between London, via Hudson Bay, Fort Vancouver in the Columbia District. The fifth and final Fort Edmonton was the one. Fort Edmonton was called Fort-des-Prairies, by French-Canadians trappers and coureurs des bois, Amiskwaskahegan or "Beaver Hills House" by the Cree Indians during the 19th century. In the late 18th century, the Hudson's Bay Company was in fierce competition with the North West Company for the trade of animal furs in Rupert's Land; as one company established a fur trading post, the other would counter by building another post in close proximity. Expansion down the Saskatchewan River began in the 1790s.
In the summer of 1795, the North West Company constructed Fort Augustus where the Sturgeon River meets the North Saskatchewan River near the present-day city of Fort Saskatchewan. In the following autumn, Hudson's Bay constructed Edmonton House nearby, where the Sturgeon River meets the North Saskatchewan River 34 km northeast of modern Edmonton. In a possible revelation of the competitive nature of the companies, Fort Augustus and Edmonton House's distance was described as being a "musket-shot" apart, yet the proximity offered mutual security to the European traders of both companies in a land where they were all intruders. Fort Edmonton was named by clerk to the HBC's George Sutherland; the Fort was named after Edmonton, England, birthplace of both Pruden and HBC Deputy Governor Sir James Winter Lake. In 1802, due to several years of declining fur returns and scarce firewood, it was decided to move Fort Edmonton and Fort Augustus upstream, to what is now the Rossdale area of downtown Edmonton.
This area had been a gathering place for aboriginals in the region for thousands of years. The first woman of European descent to live in this region was the French-Canadian Marie-Anne Lagimodière, noteworthy as the grandmother of Louis Riel, she had accompanied her fur trader husband, Jean-Baptiste Lagimodière, into the west shortly after their marriage in Trois-Rivières, Québec, was known to take part in hunting expeditions. The couple lived in Fort Augustus from 1807 to 1811. John Rowand, the Chief Factor at Fort Edmonton from 1823 to 1854, first worked at Fort Augustus from 1804 to 1806. Both Fort Augustus and Fort Edmonton moved to the mouth of White Earth Creek, 100 km northeast of modern Edmonton at the northernmost point of the North Saskatchewan near present-day Smoky Lake, Alberta; this location was only active for two years for two main reasons: the Cree had been encouraged to visit other posts to avoid violent confrontations with the Blackfoot, yet the Blackfoot refused to travel so far off of their normal circles and took their trade south to Americans.
The two posts shared a palisade from this time forward. Fort Edmonton and Fort Augustus moved back to the second site at the Rossdale flats, it having proven to be a site more amenable for the tribes to visit; the name Fort Augustus was dropped following the merger of the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company in 1821. After the amalgamation of the companies, Fort Edmonton became the headquarters for the Saskatchewan District of Rupert's Land, which stretched from the Canadian Rocky Mountains in the west to Fort Carlton in the east; the former Nor' Wester John Rowand was placed in charge of Edmonton in 1821 as chief trader. In 1823, Rowand was promoted to chief factor. Rowand managed Saskatchewan District from Fort Edmonton until his death in 1854. Due to floods in the late 1820s, the Fort on the Rossdale flats had to be moved to higher ground; this fifth and final fort was built on the site, now inhabited by the Alberta Legislature Building. At this time, a long-serving member of the HBC, John Edward Harriott, became the chief trader under Rowand.
The two gained family ties. On a couple of occasions when Rowand joined HBC Inland Governor George Simpson for travel abroad, Harriott acted as chief factor. Rowand's administration from the 1830s onward coincided with a great change in the Saskatchewan District. For the first time, missionaries and curious travellers came to Edmonton to visit, sometimes for extended periods, which frustrated Rowand to some degree. Prior to this time, the only Europeans to come that far into the west were men on some sort of company business. With Rowand having made Edmonton his home, the fort became an important centre in the west, it was a necessity for any traveller going any further west of Edmonton to go through there for provisions first. Rowand constructed a three-storey house in the heart of the fort for the exclusive use of him and his family, denoting his station to his subordinates and trade partners alike. Two Catholic missionaries, Francois-Norbert Blanchet and Modeste Demers, were the first to visit Fort Edmonton in 1838.
Starting in 1840, the Fort housed the Wesleyan missionary Robert Rundle as a company chaplain. Rundle's tenure lasted until 1848, his ministry and missionary work was met with competition of a sort by Jean-Baptiste Thibault, a Catholic priest who, like Rundle, was attempting to evangelize n
A tram is a rail vehicle which runs on tramway tracks along public urban streets. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways; the term electric street railways was used in the United States. In the United States, the term tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tyred trackless trains, which are unrelated to other kinds of trams. Tram vehicles are lighter and shorter than main line and rapid transit trains. Today, most trams use electrical power fed by a pantograph sliding on an overhead line. In some cases by a contact shoe on a third rail is used. If necessary, they may have dual power systems—electricity in city streets, diesel in more rural environments. Trams carry freight. Trams are now included in the wider term "light rail", which includes grade-separated systems; some trams, known as tram-trains, may have segments that run on mainline railway tracks, similar to interurban systems. The differences between these modes of rail transport are indistinct, a given system may combine multiple features.
One of the advantages over earlier forms of transit was the low rolling resistance of metal wheels on steel rails, allowing the trams to haul a greater load for a given effort. Problems included the fact that any given animal could only work so many hours on a given day, had to be housed, groomed and cared for day in and day out, produced prodigious amounts of manure, which the streetcar company was charged with disposing of. Electric trams replaced animal power in the late 19th and early 20th century. Improvements in other forms of road transport such as buses led to decline of trams in mid 20th century. Trams have seen resurgence in recent years; the English terms tram and tramway are derived from the Scots word tram, referring to a type of truck used in coal mines and the tracks on which they ran. The word tram derived from Middle Flemish trame; the identical word la trame with the meaning "crossbeam" is used in the French language. Etymologists believe that the word tram refers to the wooden beams the railway tracks were made of before the railroad pioneers switched to the much more wear-resistant tracks made of iron and steel.
The word Tram-car is attested from 1873. Although the terms tram and tramway have been adopted by many languages, they are not used universally in English; the term streetcar is first recorded in 1840, referred to horsecars. When electrification came, Americans began to speak of trolleycars or trolleys. A held belief holds the word to derive from the troller, a four-wheeled device, dragged along dual overhead wires by a cable that connected the troller to the top of the car and collected electrical power from the overhead wires. "Trolley" and variants refer to the verb troll, meaning "roll" and derived from Old French, cognate uses of the word were well established for handcarts and horse drayage, as well as for nautical uses. The alternative North American term'trolley' may speaking be considered incorrect, as the term can be applied to cable cars, or conduit cars that instead draw power from an underground supply. Conventional diesel tourist buses decorated to look like streetcars are sometimes called trolleys in the US.
Furthering confusion, the term tram has instead been applied to open-sided, low-speed segmented vehicles on rubber tires used to ferry tourists short distances, for example on the Universal Studios backlot tour and, in many countries, as tourist transport to major destinations. The term may apply to an aerial ropeway, e.g. the Roosevelt Island Tramway. Although the use of the term trolley for tram was not adopted in Europe, the term was associated with the trolleybus, a rubber-tyred vehicle running on hard pavement, which draws its power from pairs of overhead wires; these electric buses, which use twin trolley poles, are called trackless trolleys, or sometimes trolleys. The New South Wales, government has decided to use the term "light rail" for their trams; the history of trams, streetcars or trolley systems, began in early nineteenth century. It can be divided up into several discrete periods defined by the principal means of motive power used; the world's first passenger train or tram was the Swansea and Mumbles Railway, in Wales, UK.
The Mumbles Railway Act was passed by the British Parliament in 1804, horse-drawn service started in 1807. The service was restarted in 1860, again using horses, it was worked by steam from 1877, from 1929, by large electric tramcars, until closure in 1961. The Swansea and Mumbles Railway was something of a one-off however, no street tramway would appear in Britain until 1860 when one was built in Birkenhead by the American George Francis Train. Street railways developed in America before Europe due to the poor paving of the streets in American cities which made them unsuitable for horsebuses, which were common on the well-paved streets of European cities. Running the horsecars on rails allowed for a much smoother ride. There are records of a street railway running in Baltimore as early as 1828, however the first authenticated streetcar in America, was the New York and Harle
The Fairmont Hotel Macdonald is a hotel in Edmonton, Alberta. It was built by the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, has been successively owned by Canadian National Railway, Canadian Pacific Hotels, Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. Construction began in 1911, was completed in 1915, allowing the hotel to open in July of that year; the hotel is an Edmonton landmark, overlooks the North Saskatchewan River Valley, the largest urban parkway in North America. It is one of Canada's chateau-style hotels built in the late early 20th centuries. Prior to the construction of the Hotel Macdonald, the site was home to a squatters' camp; the squatters lived in tents or in small caves dug into the side of the river valley wall, which remain to this day. Local residents nicknamed the site the "Galician Hotel" due to the fact that many of the squatters were Ukrainian-speaking immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian province of Galicia. Ross and Macdonald, the same architectural firm that designed many of Canada's landmark hotels, designed the hotel in the château-style that characterized Canada's large railway hotels.
Construction was completed on July 5, 1915, the structure was named after Canada's first prime minister, Sir John A. Macdonald; the original seven-story Grand Trunk Pacific hotel was built in a distinctive chateau style adapted from 16th century French castles. The building is roofed with copper. Construction and furnishings cost about $2,250,000. Along with the Palliser Hotel in Calgary, it was one of the first two establishments to be reissued a liquor license by the Alberta Liquor Control Board when the province repealed Prohibition in 1924. In 1953, the owners constructed a 300-bedroom, 16-story addition to keep up with the rising demand for hotel accommodations in the city. Together, the hotel and the addition were dubbed "The Mac and the box it came in."The Hotel MacDonald fell into disrepair and closed in 1983, there was talk of demolition. The City of Edmonton designated the building as a Municipal Heritage Resource. Five areas were included in the designation: the building exterior, the Confederation Lounge, the lobby, the Wedgewood Room, the Empire Ballroom.
The 1953 addition was demolished in 1986. Canadian Pacific Hotels purchased the hotel in 1988, began a restoration campaign; the hotel reopened in 1991 after work totaling $28 million. The renovation added several suites in what had been storage space, some of which are named for prominent guests of the hotel, including: Charles Melville Hays Suite, Lois Hole Suite, King George VI Suite, Sir Winston Churchill Suite, Edward Prince of Wales Suite, the Aberhart and Lougheed suites, the Queen Elizabeth II Suite, which covers 2,400 square feet over two floors, with two bedrooms and a dining room for eight. With the addition of the 18 suites, the hotel now has 199 rooms on 8 floors, stands a total of 51 metres high. In 1999, CP Hotels merged with Fairmont Hotels, began operating the hotel under the Fairmont banner; the chain was sold, Fairmont Hotels and Resorts is now owned by Kingdom Holding Company
Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,067,175 as of 2016 census, it is Canada's fourth most populous province and the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces, its area is about 660,000 square kilometres. Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1, 1905; the premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015. Alberta is bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, the U. S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U. S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces. It has a predominantly humid continental climate, with stark contrasts over a year. Alberta's capital, Edmonton, is near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada's crude oil, the Athabasca oil sands and other northern resource industries.
About 290 km south of the capital is the largest city in Alberta. Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta's two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations. Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Drumheller, Sylvan Lake and Lake Louise. Alberta is named after the fourth daughter of Queen Victoria. Princess Louise was the wife of Marquess of Lorne, Governor General of Canada. Lake Louise and Mount Alberta were named in her honour. Alberta, with an area of 661,848 km2, is the fourth-largest province after Quebec and British Columbia. To the south, the province borders on the 49th parallel north, separating it from the U. S. state of Montana, while to the north the 60th parallel north divides it from the Northwest Territories. To the east, the 110th meridian west separates it from the province of Saskatchewan, while on the west its boundary with British Columbia follows the 120th meridian west south from the Northwest Territories at 60°N until it reaches the Continental Divide at the Rocky Mountains, from that point follows the line of peaks marking the Continental Divide in a southeasterly direction until it reaches the Montana border at 49°N.
The province extends 660 km east to west at its maximum width. Its highest point is 3,747 m at the summit of Mount Columbia in the Rocky Mountains along the southwest border while its lowest point is 152 m on the Slave River in Wood Buffalo National Park in the northeast. With the exception of the semi-arid steppe of the south-eastern section, the province has adequate water resources. There are numerous lakes used for swimming, fishing and a range of water sports. There are three large lakes, Lake Claire in Wood Buffalo National Park, Lesser Slave Lake, Lake Athabasca which lies in both Alberta and Saskatchewan; the longest river in the province is the Athabasca River which travels 1,538 km from the Columbia Icefield in the Rocky Mountains to Lake Athabasca. The largest river is the Peace River with an average flow of 2161 m3/s; the Peace River originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows through northern Alberta and into the Slave River, a tributary of the Mackenzie River.
Alberta's capital city, Edmonton, is located at about the geographic centre of the province. It is the most northerly major city in Canada, serves as a gateway and hub for resource development in northern Canada; the region, with its proximity to Canada's largest oil fields, has most of western Canada's oil refinery capacity. Calgary is about 280 km south of Edmonton and 240 km north of Montana, surrounded by extensive ranching country. 75% of the province's population lives in the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The land grant policy to the railroads served as a means to populate the province in its early years. Most of the northern half of the province is boreal forest, while the Rocky Mountains along the southwestern boundary are forested; the southern quarter of the province is prairie, ranging from shortgrass prairie in the southeastern corner to mixed grass prairie in an arc to the west and north of it. The central aspen parkland region extending in a broad arc between the prairies and the forests, from Calgary, north to Edmonton, east to Lloydminster, contains the most fertile soil in the province and most of the population.
Much of the unforested part of Alberta is given over either to grain or to dairy farming, with mixed farming more common in the north and centre, while ranching and irrigated agriculture predominate in the south. The Alberta badlands are located in southeastern Alberta, where the Red Deer River crosses the flat prairie and farmland, features deep canyons and striking landforms. Dinosaur Provincial Park, near Brooks, showcases the badlands terrain, desert flora, remnants from Alberta's past when dinosaurs roamed the lush landscape. Alberta has a humid continental climate with cold winters; the province is open to cold arctic weather systems from the north, which produce cold conditions in winter. As the fronts between the air masses shift north and south across Alberta, the temperature can change rapidly. Arctic
The University of Alberta is a public research university located in Edmonton, Canada. It was founded in 1908 by Alexander Cameron Rutherford, the first premier of Alberta, Henry Marshall Tory, its first president, its enabling legislation is the Post-secondary Learning Act. The university is considered a "Comprehensive academic and research university", which means that it offers a range of academic and professional programs, which lead to undergraduate and graduate level credentials, have a strong research focus; the university comprises four campuses in Edmonton, the Augustana Campus in Camrose, a staff centre in downtown Calgary. The original north campus consists of 150 buildings covering 50 city blocks on the south rim of the North Saskatchewan River valley, directly across from downtown Edmonton. 39,000 students from Canada and 150 other countries participate in 400 programs in 18 faculties. The University of Alberta is a major economic driver in Alberta; the university's impact on the Alberta economy is an estimated $12.3 billion annually, or five per cent of the province's gross domestic product.
The University of Alberta is a leading institution for the study of Ukraine and is home to the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. The University of Alberta has graduated more than 275,000 alumni, including Governor General Roland Michener; the university is a member of the Alberta Rural Development Network, the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education and the Sustainability Tracking, Assessment & Rating System. The University of Alberta, a single, public provincial university, was chartered in 1906 in Edmonton, Alberta with the University Act in the first session of the new Legislative Assembly, with Premier Alexander C. Rutherford as its sponsor; the university was modelled on the American state university, with an emphasis on extension work and applied research. The governance was modelled on Ontario's University of Toronto Act of 1906: a bicameral system consisting of a senate responsible for academic policy, a board of governors controlling financial policy and having formal authority in all other matters.
The president, appointed by the board, was to provide a link between the two bodies and perform institutional leadership. Heated wrangling took place between the cities of Calgary and Edmonton over the location of the provincial capital and of the university, it was stated that the capital would be north of the North Saskatchewan River and that the university would be in a city south of it. The city of Edmonton became the capital and the then-separate city of Strathcona on the south bank of the river, where Premier Alexander Rutherford lived, was granted the university; when the two cities were amalgamated in 1912, Edmonton became both the political and academic capital. With Henry Marshall Tory as its first president, the University of Alberta started operation in 1908. Forty-five students attended classes in English and modern languages, on the top floor of the Queen Alexandra Elementary School in Strathcona, while the first campus building, Athabasca Hall, was under construction. In a letter to Alexander Cameron Rutherford in early 1906, while he was in the process of setting up McGill University College in Vancouver, Tory wrote, "If you take any steps in the direction of a working University and wish to avoid the mistakes of the past, mistakes which have fearfully handicapped other institutions, you should start on a teaching basis."Under Tory's guidance, the early years were marked by recruitment of professors and construction of the first campus buildings.
Today, he has a building named after him. Percy Erskine Nobbs & Frank Darling designed the master plan for the University of Alberta in 1909–10. Nobbs designed the Arts Building and Power House. With Cecil S. Burgess, Nobbs designed the Provincial College of Medicine. Architect Herbert Alton Magoon designed several buildings on campus, including St. Stephen's Methodist College and the residence for professor Rupert C. Lodge; the University of Alberta awarded its first degrees in 1912, the same year it established the Department of Extension. The Faculty of Medicine was established the following year, the Faculty of Agriculture began in 1915, but along with these early milestones came the First World War and the global influenza pandemic of 1918, whose toll on the university resulted in a two-month suspension of classes in the fall of 1918. Despite these setbacks, the university continued to grow. By 1920, it had two schools, it awarded a range of degrees: Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, Bachelor of Laws, Bachelor of Pharmacy, Bachelor of Divinity, Master of Arts, Master of Science, Doctor of Laws.
There were 851 male students and 251 female students, 171 academic staff, including 14 women. The Breton Soil Plots were established at the faculty of agriculture from 1929 – present to provide agricultural research on fertilization, crop rotations and farming practices on Gray-Luvisolic soils, which cover many regions in western Canada; the University of Alberta spearheaded an extraordinary rate of volunteerism in the Province of Alberta to the First World War from its medical faculty. Experience gained was used by returning veteran
Canada [videos]
Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres, making it the world's …
Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe (1771) dramatizes James Wolfe's death during the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Quebec.
At Rideau Hall, Governor General the Viscount Alexander of Tunis (centre) receives the bill finalizing the union of Newfoundland and Canada on March 31, 1949
Edmonton [videos]
Edmonton is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region. The city anchors the north …
From top left: Downtown Edmonton, Fort Edmonton Park, Legislature Building, Law Courts, Rogers Place, High Level Bridge, Muttart Conservatory
The last of five Fort Edmontons was constructed in 1830. It was the third to be built within present day Edmonton.
The completed Alberta Legislature Building in 1914, just above the last Fort Edmonton. The city was selected as Alberta's capital in 1905.
Edmonton City Hall is the home of the municipal government for Edmonton.
Alberta [videos]
Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,067,175 as of 2016 census, it is Canada's fourth most populous province and the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Its area is about 660,000 square kilometres …
Moraine Lake in Banff National Park
Prairie in Alberta
Satellite image of wildfires in Alberta
Hoodoos in Dinosaur Provincial Park
Public library [videos]
A public library is a library that is accessible by the general public and is usually funded from public sources, such as taxes. It is operated by librarians and library paraprofessionals, who are also civil servants. — There are five fundamental characteristics shared by public libraries: they are …
Patrons studying and reading at the New York Public Library Main Branch
A public library in Maadi, Egypt
Entrance to the National Library in Tehran, Iran
Thomas Bodley founded the Bodleian Library in 1602 as an early public library.
University of Alberta [videos]
The University of Alberta is a public research university located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was founded in 1908 by Alexander Cameron Rutherford, the first premier of Alberta, and Henry Marshall Tory, its first president. Its enabling legislation is the …
Henry Marshall Tory Building at the University of Alberta
Rutherford House, on the northeast corner of the University of Alberta campus.
Biological Sciences Building at the University of Alberta
Corbett Hall, University of Alberta campus.
MacEwan University [videos]
MacEwan University is a post-secondary educational institution located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. — MacEwan University is the largest transfer-in post-secondary institution in Alberta. It offers nine baccalaureate degrees, two applied degrees and more than 40 diploma and certificate programs. The …
Main entrance of MacEwan City Centre Campus.
MacEwan University - Alberta College Campus
Image: Mac Ewan University (coat of arms)
Image: Mac Ewan University Jasper Place Campus Exterior IMG 1821 1 small
Carnegie library [videos]
A Carnegie library is a library built with money donated by Scottish-American businessman and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. A total of 2,509 Carnegie libraries were built between 1883 and 1929, including some belonging to public and university library systems. 1,689 were built in the United …
Carnegie portrait (detail) in the National Portrait Gallery.
Andrew Carnegie's philanthropy as golden shower. Puck magazine cartoon by Louis Dalrymple, 1903
The world's first Carnegie library, in Dunfermline
Carnegie's library motto over the entrance of Edinburgh's Central Library.
Downtown Edmonton [videos]
Downtown Edmonton is the central business district of Edmonton, Alberta. Located at the geographical centre of the city, the downtown area is bounded by 109 Street to the west, 105 Avenue to the north, 97 Street to the east, 97 Avenue and Rossdale Road to the south, and the North Saskatchewan River …
Skyline of Downtown Edmonton
Churchill Square is a major public square in Downtown Edmonton.
The Alberta Legislature Building is a prominent landmark in Government Centre.
Jasper Avenue and 103 Street in Downtown Edmonton. Jasper Avenue is the city's "main street".
Tram [videos]
A tram is a rail vehicle which runs on tramway tracks along public urban streets; some include segments of segregated right-of-way. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways. Historically the term electric street railways was also used in …
A D2-class tram in Melbourne
Tatra T3 The highest-selling type of tram worldwide.
Trams in Vienna (Wiener Straßenbahn)
The Welsh Swansea and Mumbles Railway ran the world's first passenger tram service in 1807
Bookmobile [videos]
A bookmobile or mobile library is a vehicle designed for use as a library. Bookmobiles expand the reach of traditional libraries by transporting books to potential readers, providing library services to people in otherwise-underserved locations and/or circumstances (such as …
The bookmobile of the Ottawa Public Library-this particular model is based on a Saf-T-Liner HDX chassis.
Blount-county-book-mobile-1943-tn1
The Perambulating Library of 1859 in Warrington, England
Lincolnshire mobile library covering small villages in this English county.
Londonderry Mall [videos]
Londonderry Mall is a shopping centre located in north Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It contains over 150 stores and services with nine major tenants. The mall opened in 1972 and has been expanded and renovated since. — Londonderry Mall has many notable stores, including a full service Shoppers Drug …
Image: Londonderry Mall Escalator Taken Down
Image: Londonderry Mall Commencing Renovation
Image: Londonderry Mall Renovation Progress
Image: Simons 2017
Edmonton Transit Service [videos]
The Edmonton Transit Service, also called ETS, is the public transit service owned and operated by the city of Edmonton, Alberta. It operates Edmonton's bus and light rail systems. — Service — ETS provides service on buses and light-rail transit …
High Level Rail Bridge with lower LRT bridge and train crossing
Bus on Route 51
ETS trolley bus
An Edmonton LRT Siemens-Duewag U2 car at University station
Religion in Edmonton [videos]
Religion in Edmonton consists of the diverse religious traditions of the people who live in Edmonton, the capital of Alberta. — As of the 2011 National Household Survey, 55.8% of Edmonton residents identified themselves as Christian with 25.9% of the total being Catholic. 12.5% belong to other …
Sacred Heart Church, on "Church Street" (96 Street) in Edmonton's inner city area.
Al-Rashid Mosque Canada's oldest Mosque
Beth Israel Synagogue, Edmonton's oldest synagogue.
Nanaksar Gurdwara Gursikh (Sikh Temple) in north Edmonton.
Princess Theatre (Edmonton) [videos]
The Princess Theatre is a two-screen art-house cinema located at 10337 Whyte Avenue in Edmonton's historic Old Strathcona neighbourhood. The building was designed by prominent Edmonton architects Wilson and Herrald, a firm responsible for the design of many other Edmonton heritage sites. It became …
Princess Theatre in 1915, shortly after opening
The building's quality was impressive On the technical side, two modern projectors were housed in their own fireproof machine room. His granddaughter Susan Morrow would manage the Princess from 1981 to 1994.
The Capitol showed the first talkie in Edmonton In fact, the first talkie in Edmonton was Mother Knows Best, screened at the Capitol, a major Jasper Avenue competitor to the Princess. Other theatres were pressured to modernize their equipment or close.
Theatre exterior, 1966
Fort Edmonton Park [videos]
Fort Edmonton Park is an attraction in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Named for the first enduring European post in the area of modern-day Edmonton, the park is the largest living history museum in Canada by area. It includes both original and rebuilt historical structures representing the history of …
Costumed staff from various eras partake in a parade (as seen on 1905 Street).
York boat
The Rowand House dominates the other buildings along Fort Edmonton's courtyard.
Heritage buildings in Edmonton [videos]
Heritage buildings in Edmonton, as elsewhere in Canada, may be designated by any of the three levels of government: the Government of Canada, the Government of Alberta, or the City of Edmonton. — Federal sites — As of 2008 there …
First Presbyterian Church was completed in 1912 and designated a Provincial Historic Resource in 1978.
This plaque from the McLeod Building, signifies a Provincial Historic Resource.
The Hotel Macdonald opened in 1915 and became a Municipal Historic Resource in 1984.
History of Edmonton [videos]
The first inhabitants settled in the area that is now Edmonton, Alberta, Canada around 3,000 BC and perhaps as early as 10,000 BC, when an ice-free corridor opened up as the last ice age ended and timber, water, and wildlife became available in the region. — History — Early days — Edmonton …
A parade celebrating the anniversary of the Hudson's Bay Company in Edmonton, 1920.
The Leduc No. 1 oil well in nearby Leduc. The discovery of oil in Leduc made Edmonton a boomtown, with its population experiencing large growth.
Fort Edmonton [videos]
Fort Edmonton was the name of a series of trading posts of the Hudson's Bay Company from 1795 to 1891, all of which were located in central Alberta, Canada. From 1795 to 1821 it was paired with the North West Company's Fort Augustus. It was the end point of the Carlton …
Fort Edmonton, 1870.
This watercolor with a scale diagram of the Fort was drawn by Vavasour in 1846.
Old Strathcona Branch (Edmonton Public Library) [videos]
The Old Strathcona Branch, one of the oldest libraries in Alberta, completed in 1913, was the first library erected in the City of Edmonton. Nevertheless, the Strathcona Library does have a complex background as to its historical status within the Edmonton Public Library system. It is located on …
The American philanthropist Andrew Carnegie had his offer rejected by the library's board
Image: Strathcona Public Library Edmonton Alberta Canada 01
ATB Place [videos]
ATB Place, formerly Telus Plaza, is an office complex in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada originally built as the headquarters of Alberta Government Telephones. The two office towers in the complex are now separately owned and named ATB Place Tower and TELUShouse. The towers serve as the …
Image: TELU Shouse Edmonton
Image: Telus Plaza North
Edmonton Journal [videos]
The Edmonton Journal is a daily newspaper in Edmonton, Alberta. It is part of the Postmedia Network. — History — The Journal was founded in 1903 by three local businessmen — John Macpherson, Arthur Moore and J.W. Cunningham — as a rival to Alberta's first newspaper, the 23-year-old Edmonton …
Front Page - May 16, 2013
Edmonton Journal building
Mill Woods Town Centre [videos]
Mill Woods Town Centre is a shopping centre located in south Edmonton, Alberta in the neighbourhood of Mill Woods. It contains 85 retailers including Canadian Tire, CO-OP, and Shoppers Drug Mart. Some surrounding satellite stores are located in and around the mall's exterior properties such as …
Shoppers Drug Mart Entrance
Southgate Centre [videos]
Southgate Centre is a shopping centre located in south Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, covering just under 90,000 square metres. It contains 165 retailers including The Bay, Aritzia, Zara, Michael Kors, HMV, Coach, Inc. Browns Shoes and Edmonton's only Restoration Hardware and Crate & Barrel. Apple …
Sign at the entrance of Southgate Centre
Edmonton Public Schools [videos]
Edmonton Public Schools is the largest public school district in Edmonton, the second largest in Alberta, and the sixth largest in Canada. The district offers a variety of alternative and special needs programs, and many are offered in multiple locations to …
Image: Edmonton Public School Board Edmonton Alberta Canada 01A
1978 Commonwealth Games [videos]
The 1978 Commonwealth Games were held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada from 3 to 12 August 1978, two years after the 1976 Summer Olympics were held in Montreal, Quebec. They were boycotted by Nigeria, in protest of New Zealand's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa, as well as by Uganda …
The Queen, Prince Philip, and their two younger sons, Andrew and Edward, at the opening of the 1978 Commonwealth Games, in Edmonton, Alberta
Edmonton City Centre (Blatchford Field) Airport [videos]
Edmonton City Centre Airport, also called Blatchford Field, was an airport located within the city of Edmonton, in Alberta, Canada. — It was bordered by Yellowhead Trail to the north, Kingsway to the south, 121 Street to the west, and the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology and …
City Centre Airport control tower in 2010
Hotel Macdonald [videos]
The Fairmont Hotel Macdonald is a hotel in Edmonton, Alberta. It was built by the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, and has been successively owned by Canadian National Railway, Canadian Pacific Hotels, and Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. Construction …
The Hotel Macdonald in downtown Edmonton
North Saskatchewan River flood of 1915 [videos]
The North Saskatchewan River flood of 1915 was one of the largest floods in the history of Edmonton. On 28 June, the Edmonton Bulletin reported the river had risen "10 feet in as many hours." A frantic telegram from Rocky Mountain House alerted local authorities to the flood's arrival. The Canadian …
Image: Edmonton daily bulletin 1915 flood cover
Timeline of Edmonton history [videos]
This is a timeline of the history of Edmonton, Canada. — 18th century — 1754 – Anthony Henday, an explorer working for the Hudson's Bay Company, may have been the first European to enter the Edmonton area. — 1795 – Fort Edmonton was established on the north bank of the river, as a major …
Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) arrived in Edmonton in 1905.
Coral [videos]
Corals are marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically live in compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Corals species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton. — A …
A coral outcrop on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Anatomy of a stony coral polyp
A male great star coral, Montastraea cavernosa, releasing sperm into the water.
Basal plates (calices) of Orbicella annularis showing multiplication by budding (small central plate) and division (large double plate)
Rijksmuseum [videos]
The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to arts and history in Amsterdam. The museum is located at the Museum Square in the borough Amsterdam South, close to the Van Gogh Museum, the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, and the …
Rijksmuseum at the Museumplein in 2016
The atrium after the renovation in 2013
The library in the Rijksmuseum
Image: Trippenhuis Amsterdam interior 003
De Beers [videos]
De Beers Group is an international corporation that specialises in diamond exploration, diamond mining, diamond retail, diamond trading and industrial diamond manufacturing sectors. The company is currently active in open-pit, large-scale alluvial, coastal and deep sea mining. It operates in 35 …
Russian president Vladimir Putin meeting former De Beers chairman Nicky Oppenheimer in South Africa in 2006
The De Beers Snap Lake Mine in Canada