Your share of the taxes that will be raised for school and general municipal purposes in your community is based on an annual property assessment.
The Nassau County Department of Assessment determines a tentative assessment for every property as of January 2, 2019.
If you believe the assessment is inaccurate, you may appeal by filing an application for correction with the Assessment Review Commission by March 1, 2019. You can appeal online from this site from January 2, 2019 to March 1, 2019. Click here to file online.
How can I find out what my property's assessment is?
You can get this information from the Department of Assessment web site.
Annually. A new tentative assessment is published on the first business day in January of each year.
An annual determination by the Department of Assessment, which consists of a total assessed value, taxable assessed values for school and general tax purposes, and a tax class designation.
When will the latest assessment affect my tax bills?
Assessments tentatively published in January become final on the first business day in April of the following year and are used for school tax bills in October of that year and for general tax bills in January of the next following year.
How does the assessment affect my tax bills?
Your school district and other tax districts set annual budgets. The tax revenue required is divided by the assessed value of all property in the district to determine the tax rate. In most districts separate rates are determined for each class of property. The tax receiver multiplies the rates for the districts in which your property is located by the assessed value of your property to determine your bills for school and general taxes.
Will I get a notice of the new assessment by mail?
You may receive a notice in some years from The Department of Assessment. But failure to receive a notice does not extend your time to file an appeal.
If I did not get a notice can I assume that next year's assessment is the same as this year's?
No. Almost all assessments change every year. Every property owner should look up his or her property's assessment every year in January or February on the Department of Assessment web site.
Are the values on the notices subject to change?
Yes. The Department of Assessment may change values on the January tentative assessment roll. Check your property's assessment in January on the Department of Assessment web site.
Can the Department of Assessment make any changes to the tentative assessment after January?
Yes, for limited purposes. Before the roll becomes final in the following year, the Department of Assessment may increase or decrease the total assessment or taxable assessment or change the property's tax class if there are changes in eligibility for exemptions or construction, expansion or destruction of improvements. Any increase due to new improvements will appear on next year's January roll. Changes in exemptions may appear then or on the April final roll.
How else may the tentative assessment change?
If you file an appeal, the Assessment Review Commission may reduce your assessment.
How does the Department of Assessment's market value estimate affect what I pay in taxes?
If your property's assessment grows faster than the average assessment of property in the same tax class and tax district, your share of the total tax bill will increase even if there is no change in the district's budget. But not every assessment increase will produce a higher tax; if the assessments of other properties grow faster than yours, your share of the tax burden will decline.
Does the tax class and taxable assessed value affect my tax bill?
Yes, the tax class determines which rates are applied to your property's taxable assessed value. A change in your property's eligibility for exemption may affect the taxable assessed value.
What else affects how much tax I pay?
The budgets set by your school district, town, special districts and the County.
Does the County get more tax revenue when the Department of Assessment increases assessments?
No. The County gets the same amount of revenue, which is set by the County's budget.
Can I look at the Department of Assessment's information on my property?
Yes. It is available from the Department of Assessment web site. If there are substantial errors in the information about your property, write to the Department of Assessment, 240 Old Country Road, Mineola, NY 11501.
I received a reduction from the Assessment Review Commission last year? Why did the assessment go back up?
The Department of Assessment receives notice of all reductions granted by the Assessment Review Commission as they are made and considers them when it establishes its values for following years. However, the Department of Assessment is required to make an independent determination as part of its annual revaluation of all property; must bring values up to date with the current market and apply a consistent methodology that treats like properties alike.
Why did I get a new assessment before I received a determination on an appeal filed last year?
The Department of Assessment is required to revalue all property at the same time even if there is a pending appeal. The assessment review process takes a full year to review all of the appeals and overlaps with the legal deadline for publishing the new assessments. If you disagree with the new assessment as well, you should file an appeal by March 1, 2019 even if you have not received a determination from the Assessment Review Commission on an application you filed last year.
Why did my assessment increase more than 6% over last year?
Your property is not designated as a Class 1 property.
The assessment reflects construction or renovation or improvements.
Last year's assessment was reduced by the Assessment Review Commission after the new tentative assessment was calculated.
In some of these situations you may want to file an appeal.
What if I live in an incorporated village?
Most villages set their own assessments for village taxes. Contact your village assessor or clerk for more information. The County assessment is used for school, town, County and special district purposes.
The most probable price at which a property would sell if offered for sale under ordinary circumstances. For private homes and Class 1 condominium units, value is usually estimated by comparison with similar homes that have been recently sold. For Class 2 condominiums and cooperatives, value is determined as if the property were operated as a rental apartment building. Appraisers estimate the value of commercial property by considering its rental income potential, sales of similar properties or cost to build.
As of what date is value determined?
January 2, 2019 in the year in which the assessment is published. The assessment becomes final in the following year. If new or expanded improvements are built or if the existing improvements are destroyed during the year, the Department of Assessment will issue a revised assessment.
How is the total assessed value determined?
The Department of Assessment estimates the market value of your property and then applies a fractional level of assessment, which is to be uniform for property in the same class.
Are there limitations on how much a residential assessment may increase from one year to the next?
Yes, for residential property in Class 1, the total assessment may not increase more than 6% in one year or more than 20% in five years. The restriction does not apply to increases resulting from construction or renovation.
Do any limitations apply to other classes of property?
Yes, for Class 2 and 4 properties. Although there is no restriction on increases of the total assessment, any increase not attributable to construction or renovation is subject to a five-year transition assessment.
How is taxable assessed value determined?
The Department of Assessment calculates the Class 1 limitation or transition assessment, where applicable, and then deducts any exempt assessed value. The amount remaining is the taxable assessed value, which is used to compute the tax bills. Since some exemptions apply only to school taxes and others only to general taxes, there may be different taxable assessed values for each tax.
How is the exempt value determined?
The Department of Assessment rules on any applications for exemption that you filed by the first business day in January, determines whether to continue exemptions granted in prior years and calculates the amount of the exemption. Many of the state laws granting exemptions provide that the exempt value is adjusted when the total assessed value is increased or decreased.
What is the uniform level of assessment?
The law requires that taxes be based on each property's market value but allows assessed values to be set at a fraction of market value, provided that the fraction is uniform for each property in the same tax class. The Department of Assessment states the uniform level used on each assessment roll. For 2020/21 the Assessor has published residential properties at a level of assessment of .1% and class 2 & 4 at 1%.
- Residential filings- at ARC will be .14% and .15% at SCAR/Article 7 proceedings.
Is the uniform level subject to appeal?
Yes. The Department of Assessment converts the estimated market value into an assessed value by selecting and applying a uniform level for each tax class. In response to appeals filed by taxpayers, the Assessment Review Commission (ARC) may determine that the actual level of assessment is different than that stated by the Department of Assessment. If ARC determines that the actual level is different than that stated by the Department of Assessment, it will apply this finding to all protested assessments for that year and tax class.
Does any other office review the level of assessment?
Yes. The New York State Office of Real Property Services determines Class Ratios for each tax class after the publication of the final assessment roll. Taxpayers may use these ratios as evidence of the actual level of assessment achieved on the roll. However, they are not available until after the time for filing an appeal.
Is there a Residential Assessment Ratio for Nassau County?
This ratio is computed by New York State for each assessing jurisdiction including Nassau County.
Did the low assessments keep taxes low?
No. The school districts, towns and the County raised tax rates as needed to produce the revenue they required from the property tax.
What is the practical significance of the level of assessment?
In order to evaluate the accuracy of your property's assessment you should look at the Department of Assessment's adjusted market value, which is calculated by dividing your assessed value by the stated level of assessment.
You should consider appealing the assessment if the Department of Assessment's adjusted market value exceeds your own estimate of your property's current market value. If the Department of Assessment's adjusted market value is approximately correct you may nonetheless obtain a reduced assessment if ARC or a court determines that the Department of Assessment has, on average, under-valued property in the same class throughout the County. If the Department of Assessment's adjusted market value is substantially less than your property's actual value, you probably will be unable to establish the right to a lower assessment even if other, more valuable homes are assessed for less.
What are the tax classes?
State law requires the Department of Assessment to designate each property as belonging to one of four tax classes. Classes 1 and 2 include properties that are used primarily for residential purposes. Class 3 consists of utility company equipment and special franchises. Class 4 contains all other property, including commercial, industrial and institutional buildings and vacant land.
Why does it matter to which class my property is assigned?
Tax rates are typically much lower for Class 1 than for the other three classes. In most taxing districts the Class 2 tax rate is less than the Class 4 tax rate.
Which properties are in Class 1?
One, two and three family homes. Any other properties lawfully and actually used primarily for residential purposes if there are no more than three units on the tax lot. Residential condominium units in buildings not exceeding 3 stories that were not converted from rental or cooperative use. Vacant land zoned for only residential use. An extra lot used as part of an adjacent home's yard, even if zoned for commercial use, if both properties have the same ownership.
Which properties are in Class 2?
Residential rental and cooperative apartment properties and residential units in condominiums that are more than three stories in height or that were converted from rental or cooperative use. Class 2 also includes any other properties lawfully and actually used primarily for residential purposes if there are four or more units on the tax lot. Assessments of cooperatives and Class 2 condominiums are based on the market value of the property as a whole as if it were operated as a rental.
Yes. All resident owners may qualify for the Basic STAR school tax exemption. The Enhanced STAR exemption and other partial exemptions are available based on age, income, disability and military or volunteer service. Contact the Department of Assessment for application procedures if you are newly qualified or did not apply before.
How can I find out more information about exemption benefits?
Visit the Department of Assessment web site.
A free e-government service provided by the Nassau County Assessment Review Commission for use by homeowners, commercial taxpayers and real estate tax practitioners.
How can I use AROW?
You can file an appeal between January 2, 2019 and March 1, 2019, track your appeal, search residential sales, and query public information on past and pending assessment appeals.
Is there any advantage to filing on paper instead of filing online?
No. If you have an e-mail account, filing online is easier.
Must I register to use AROW?
You must register to file an appeal but can use the sale locator and public inquiry functions without registering.
Will the Assessment Review Commission sell my e-mail address or other personal information?
No. But some information about assessment appeals is public whether you file online or on paper.
Can I use fake information on the registration form?
No. This is illegal and will prevent you from receiving important notices.
Why are the sales listed different from those on the Department of Assessment site?
The sales listed on the Department of Assessment site were used to value your home prior to January. The sales on the AROW site are the most recently available for homes that are similar to your home in location and size – but it is up to you to decide if they are similar in value to your home.
Why don't I see the sale of a house I know sold near my home?
The sale may be too old or so recent that it is not recorded, the house may be much different in size than yours, or may have been listed as a sale between related parties.
Does the average price listed represent the County's opinion of the value of my house?
NO! The average is based on the sales you select.
Are the adjustments for time, size and amenities subject to change?
Yes. These adjustments are recommended and are consistent with typical adjustments made by Assessment Review Commission's appraisers. But they are not binding on either you or the County. You can override them by using the custom adjustment feature.
Does a real person look at my appeal?
Yes. Professional appraisers at the Assessment Review Commission review your submission.
Can I appeal without using the Sale Locator?
Yes. The Sale Locator is optional. You can go directly to the "File an Appeal" feature.
Can I appeal a commercial property online?
Yes. The sale locator is available only for residential property but you can file an appeal online for any type of property.
If I appeal now, can I reduce the taxes on my next bill?
No. Tax bills are based on assessments that are already final. Appeal if you disagree with the new assessment – if you wait until you get the tax bill the appeal period will be passed for that assessment.
I did not receive a notice from the Department of Assessment; can I still file an appeal with the Assessment Review Commission?
Can the Assessment Review Commission increase the assessment?
No. It will either reduce your assessment or leave it unchanged.
Should I hire a lawyer or other representative?
The choice is yours. You are not required to use a representative. Avoid duplicate applications. Do not give authorization to more than one representative for any one roll-year. Make sure you understand the fee agreement.
No. Your authorization is valid for only one filing. You can use another representative or file for yourself.
Nothing if you represent yourself. The County does not charge any fee for filing an appeal.
Will the County contact me if I designate a representative?
Not ordinarily. If there is a refund, the Treasurer may mail the refund check to the representative.
I filed last year and have not received a final determination yet. Should I file again?
Yes, if you disagree with the new assessment. The assessment for each year is a separate determination. It takes a full year to review all the appeals. Final determinations are issued by April of the year after you file your appeal.
Can I appeal the market value estimate?
No. You may appeal the assessed value. Base your decision to appeal on your own estimate of your property's market value and the Department of Assessment's adjusted market value, which reflects the impact of the 6% limit on annual increases. Although you may disagree with the Department of Assessment's higher appraised fair market value that number does not affect your tax bill and cannot be changed by an appeal.
Should I appeal my assessment if I own a private home and think the adjusted market value is too high?
Yes. Review sales of similar houses in your neighborhood to determine what your house would sell for if you put it on the market. The sales should be as recent as possible and not more than two years old. Adjust the sales prices for time so that they reflect what the price would be in January in the year in which the assessment is issued. The sold houses should be similar to yours in location, size, and amenities.
What if I own investment or business property?
If the Department of Assessment's market value estimate is too high, your taxes will be too high as well. Appraisers estimate the value of commercial property by considering its rental income potential, sales of similar properties or cost to build.
What if I own a condominium unit?
Condominium boards may appeal assessments on behalf of the unit owners. If you own a condominium, you may appeal your unit's assessment individually but should contact the property management first to avoid filing duplicate applications.
How is market value determined for purposes of a condominium assessment?
Assessments of Class 2 condominiums are based on the market value of the property as a whole as if it were operated as a rental. The total value is allocated among the units according to their value. In Class 1 condominiums, sales prices of units in the same complex are often the best indicator of value.
What if I own a cooperative apartment?
In cooperatives there is only one assessment, which the corporation's board of directors may appeal. Individual shareholders cannot appeal the assessment.
Can I appeal the level of assessment?
Yes. If you believe that your property is assessed at a higher percentage of its full value than other property in the same tax class on the Nassau County roll, you may claim and provide evidence of a lower level of assessment than that stated by the Department of Assessment.
Can I appeal the assessed value, taxable assessed value or tax class designation?
Yes. Even if you agree with the adjusted market value, you may appeal the tax class designation, exemption determinations and calculation of assessment limitations or transition assessments. Other grounds for relief include unauthorized entries on the assessment roll or incorrect designation of the tax districts applicable to a parcel. Use form AR 3 for these grounds.
Should I appeal if my residential property's assessed value increased by more than 6%?
Yes if you own property that qualifies as Class 1 property, unless the increase above 6% is due to an appropriate increase for new construction or renovation. Note that the 6% limit applies to the total assessed value, not the appraised fair market value.
Will the appeal apply to my village or city assessment?
No. If your property is assessed by the City of Long Beach, City of Glen Cove or a village, you may appeal that assessment with the local Board of Assessment Review. Filing with ARC will not preserve your rights to review of the city or village assessment and the filing dates and procedures are different.
Can I appeal my tax bill at the Assessment Review Commission?
No. The tax rates are set by each tax district's budget approval process. The tax receiver calculates the tax bill by simply multiplying the rates by the taxable assessed value.
Do I need to know how much my taxes will change before I decide to appeal them?
No. If the Assessment Department's assessed value is too high, you may want to appeal the assessment even if you believe your tax bill will go down.
Should I appeal the assessment even though my bank pays the taxes?
Can I appeal a prior year's assessment?
No. You can no longer contest the assessment published in January of last year or prior assessments if you did not file an appeal during the filing period for that year.
When is the first day that I can file to appeal the new assessment?
File online or complete and submit the appropriate paper form. You can file online for any type of property and any type of claim.
There are three application forms: AR 1, AR2 and AR3. Use only one. Use form AR 1 if you appeal the value of a 1, 2 or 3 family home, which is used exclusively for residential purposes, or a single Class 1 condominium unit. For all other types of property use form AR 2 for value-only claims.
If I own more than one lot, must I file a separate form for each?
I own tax lots that are part of a lot grouping; do I need to list all the parcel numbers?
No. If the lots are grouped and you get a single tax bill, list only the first parcel number.
Which form should I use for vacant land?
If the vacant lot is used as part of your home's yard, include the lot on form AR 1. For other vacant land use form AR 2.
What if my appeal relates to classification, exemption, or other aspects of the assessment?
File on form AR 3 if your appeal relates to classification, exemption or other non-value issues. Your appeal on form AR 3 must include a specific non-value claim and may also include a value claim. If you file form AR 3, do not also file form AR 1 or AR 2 for the same property.
Can I get an extension of time to file after March 1, 2019?
Who can appeal an assessment?
Usually the owner or one of the owners if there is more than one. A lessee of an entire property who pays all the taxes is also qualified. A person with a written contract to buy a property may file but will not qualify if the sale does not go through, so it is best to arrange to have the seller file. In unusual cases other persons may qualify.
Who may certify the application form?
The owner or other applicant-taxpayer, or a representative who has the applicant's written authorization.
Who may sign an authorization for representation?
Only the applicant-taxpayer may authorize an application.
Who can authorize an appeal for a business entity?
A corporate officer, partner, or member or manager of a limited liability company.
How can an appeal be brought if the owner has died or is unable to sign?
A qualified fiduciary may authorize the appeal, such as an executor of an estate or a person designated in a notarized power of attorney to manage the affairs of the taxpayer.
How can I find out what information to provide to prove my case?
Read the instructions for the application form.
Can I prove my case without knowing how the Department of Assessment valued my property?
Yes. The Assessment Review Commission will consider your claimed value and any evidence you provide to support it. It does not require you to show why the Department of Assessment's estimate was in error.
Will I receive a response from the Assessment Review Commission?
Yes. If you represent yourself, you will receive an acknowledgement of your application.
Must I appear in person?
No. You may make your case through the information you supply with your application.
Will I receive a determination?
Yes, but it may not be until March/April of the following year.
Professional appraisers and other qualified professionals who are members or employees of the Assessment Review Commission.
Up to 15 months. The Assessment Review Commission works full-time, year round. It reviews applications that it receives by March 1, 2019 until March of the following year. The final determination appears on the final roll, which is published on the first business day of April. Notices are mailed at the same time.
If offered a reduction, must I accept it?
If the Assessment Review Commission sends you a proposed reduction, it may ask you to sign a stipulation accepting it within a specified time. Accept the offer unless you will file for judicial review of the assessment.
How can I be sure my acceptance was received and implemented?
Check the final assessment after April 1 on the Department of Assessment website. The final assessment is published in the year after the tentative assessment. For example, if you appealed an assessment published in January 2019, look for the reduction on the April 2020 final roll.
How do I preserve my rights to further review?
If you did not receive or accept a reduction, file a Small Claims proceeding, if you qualify, or a regular judicial proceeding no later than the last business day in April in the year after you filed the Application for Correction.
If I receive a reduction, will I receive a refund of taxes paid?
In most cases the reduction will affect future payments only.
If ARC reduces my assessment does the County lose revenue?
No. A reduction based on your administrative appeal does not cost the County anything.
If the assessment is reduced, will it stay the same next year?
Probably not. The Department of Assessment receives notification of the Assessment Review Commission's determinations and considers them when it sets values for the following year. However, the Department of Assessment is required to conduct an annual revaluation of all property based on the current market.
Will the 6% limit apply to the reduced assessment?
Yes. If you accept an offer of reduction from the Assessment Review Commission, the reduced assessment will be the base for the 6% limitation in the following year.
However, in some cases the new tentative assessment will be set before the revised assessment information is available. You will be entitled to a correction if this is the reason why the new assessment increases more than 6%; you may preserve your right to the correction by appealing the new assessment.
Is there another level where I can appeal the determination?
Yes. You may start a lawsuit against the County in the State Supreme Court if you do not receive a reduction or do not accept a proposed reduction.
What is Small Claims Assessment Review?
SCAR is an optional form of judicial review, which most homeowners may pursue on their own, without an attorney. Judicial review is available only if you applied to the Assessment Review Commission and did not accept a reduction.
Which properties qualify for Small Claims review?
You qualify for Small Claims review if you own and reside in a one, two or three family home or Class 1 condominium unit that is used exclusively for residential purposes. Property used in part for commercial purposes and vacant lots do not qualify.
Is there a fee for filing a Small Claims petition?
Yes. The County Clerk collects a $30 fee for New York State.
Are there restrictions on the relief requested in Small Claims?
You may not claim a reduction greater than that requested in your Application for Correction. You cannot request a change in the property's tax class designation.
Is there a form for Small Claims review?
Yes. Petition forms are available from the office of the County Clerk.
Is there a form for regular judicial proceedings?
Can County employees help me fill out papers for judicial review?
When can Small Claims and other judicial proceedings be filed?
All petitions may be filed within 30 days of the date of the Assessment Review Commission's final determination.


Jennifer Aniston has a new, shorter hairstyle.
Credit Camille Grammer for Jennifer Aniston's new 'do. The former Friends star's longtime hairstylist, Chris McMillan, says he's all about the bob these days because he's tired of the long, layered cuts he sees on The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills.
McMillan adds that Aniston's angled "hairline bob" was actually inspired by Vidal Sassoon haircuts and Julie Christie from the 1975 movie Shampoo.


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Implanting AI chips in your mind could cause you to lose yourself, says scientist
by Cara Curtis — in Tech
Last month, Elon Musk's Neuralink, a neurotechnology company, revealed its plans to develop brain-reading technology over the next few years. One of the goals for Musk's firm is to eventually implant microchip-devices into the brains of paralyzed people, allowing them to control smartphones and computers.
Although this Black Mirror-esque technology could hold potentially life-changing powers for those living with disabilities, according to Cognitive Psychologist Susan Schneider, it's not such a great idea, and I can't help but feel relieved, I'm with Schneider on this.
Musk, who's also the Chief Executive of both Tesla and SpaceX, aims to make implanting AI in the brain as safe and commonplace as laser eye surgery. But, how would this work? In a video presented unveiled at the California Academy of Science, Musk said the implant would record information emitted by neurons in the brain.
The tiny processors will connect to your brain via tiny threads significantly thinner than a human hair (about 4 to 6 μm in width). These sensors will fit on the surface of your skull and then relay information to a wearable computer that sits behind your ear, called The Link. With this all in place, your brain can then connect to your iPhone via an app — we are truly living in the future and it's terrifying.
In an op-ed for the Financial Times, Schneider argues that the project could amount to "suicide for the human mind." Although Schneider says brain intelligence could be augmented with chips, "there will be a point at which you end your life. I call this horrific 'brain drain.'"
According to Schneider, AI-based enhancements could be used to supplement neural activity, but if they go as far as replacing normally functioning neural tissue, at some point they may end a person's life.
"The worry with a general merger with AI, in the more radical sense that Musk envisions, is the human brain is diminished or destroyed," Schneider told TNW. "Furthermore, the self may depend on the brain and if the self's survival over time requires that there be some sort of continuity in our lives — a continuity of memory and personality traits — radical changes may break the needed continuity."
Schneider goes on to say: "The issue is also philosophical: What is the nature of the self or mind? If the mind is just the brain, a full merger with AI wouldn't work. I suspect those advocating a mind-machine merger think the self is a program."
While Schneider is skeptical of Musk's plan to turn us into robots, she adds that replacing parts of the brain with a few chips "wouldn't have a dire impact." However, as the Philosopher Derek Parfit observed, it's unclear where to draw the line. "Would it be at 15 per cent neural replacement? At 75 per cent? Any choice seems arbitrary," Schneider said.
Musk isn't the only person radicalizing the future of our brain's. For example, Ray Kurzweil, the futurist and Director of Engineering at Google, said he expects that we'll be able to back our brains up to the cloud by 2045 — ultimately making us immortal.
But as Schneider points out, we shouldn't fully invest our trust in the suggestion that humans can merge with AI. Instead, more research should be done around the possibilities and consequences of merging technology with the human brain.
Read next: 'Full-time #crypto trader' gets 20 months in prison for selling stolen data for Bitcoin
TechElon MuskImplant (medicine)MindArtificial intelligenceHuman brain
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US regulator approves first-ever fully autonomous commercial drone flights
GitOps has been 'controversial' — but the truth is your organization needs it
Chris Yates

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Transitions Rehabilitation - Wellness Across The Lifespan
Medicare Cover How Many Days Rehab? (Solved)
Medicare will cover inpatient rehabilitation for up to 100 days in each benefit period if you have been admitted to a hospital for at least three days in the previous three months. A benefit period begins when you are admitted to the hospital and ends after you have not received any hospital or skilled nursing care for a period of 60 consecutive days.
What are the rules for Medicare rehab?
You can get Medicare coverage for up to 100 days of inpatient rehabilitation each benefit period if you had been admitted to a hospital for at least three days previous to your admission. In most cases, a benefit period begins when you are admitted to the hospital and ends after you have not received any hospital or skilled nursing care for a period of sixty days.
What is the Medicare 100 day rule?
Medicare pays up to 100 days of skilled nursing facility (SNF) care each benefit period in a skilled nursing facility. If you require skilled nursing facility care for more than 100 days within a benefit period, you will be required to pay out of pocket. If your care is coming to an end because you have exhausted your allotted days, the facility is not obligated to give you with written notification.
Does Medicare pay for short term rehab?
Medicare only pays short-term stays in skilled nursing facilities that are certified by Medicare for the purpose of elder rehabilitation. Beneficiaries who have been hospitalized and then discharged to a rehabilitation center as part of their recovery after a major illness, accident, or procedure are more likely to require these short-term stays in a rehabilitation facility.
See also: Why Kind Of Training Does Voc Rehab Have?
What is the 60% rule in rehab?
Known as the 60 percent Rule, this Medicare facility criteria mandates each inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) to discharge at least 60 percent of its patients who have one of thirteen qualifying diseases.
Can Medicare kick you out of rehab?
Generally speaking, standard Medicare rehabilitation benefits expire after 90 days each benefit term. In the event that you enroll in Medicare, you will be granted a maximum of 60 reserve days during your lifetime. You can use them to make up for any days spent in treatment that exceed the 90-day maximum each benefit period.
What happens when you run out of Medicare days?
During your benefit period, if you reach the end of your days of coverage, Medicare will stop paying for your inpatient-related hospital charges (such as room and board). You must be out of the hospital or skilled nursing facility for 60 consecutive days in order to be eligible for a new benefit period and extra days of inpatient coverage.
What is the Medicare 3 day rule?
The 3-day rule demands that the patient be admitted to the hospital for a minimum of three consecutive days for medical reasons. SNF extended care services are a continuation of the treatment a patient need after being discharged from the hospital or within 30 days of their hospitalization (unless admitting them within 30 days is medically inappropriate).
Does Medicare cover the first 100 days in a nursing home?
If you continue to fulfill Medicare's standards, Medicare will fund care in a skilled nursing facility for up to 100 days in a benefit period.
See also: What Qualifies For 3 Day Hospital Stay For Rehab? (Best solution)
How many hospital days does Medicare cover per year?
Medicare Part A and Part B provide coverage for up to 90 days in a hospital each benefit period, with an extra 60 days of coverage available at a high coinsurance rate.
What is the criteria for inpatient rehab?
Preparation for Rehabilitation The patient has expressed an interest in and ability to engage in a rehabilitation program. In order to engage in an intense therapy program, the patient must be able to devote 3 hours per day, 5 to 6 days per week. Patients may require treatment from two or more different fields. Patients are required to stay in rehab for a minimum of five days.
Also interesting: What Is The Criteria For Inpatient Rehab? (Perfect answer)
How Long Will Medicare cover nursing home?
In each benefit period, Medicare will pay for up to 100 days of care in a skilled nursing facility (SNF) provided all of Medicare's conditions are satisfied, including your need for daily skilled nursing care after three days in the hospital prior to admission. Medicare covers the first 20 days of a covered skilled nursing facility stay at 100 percent.
How long is short term rehab?
A patient's typical length of time at a short-term rehabilitation facility is around 20 days, with many patients being discharged in as little as seven to fourteen days. Your success in terms of healing and rehabilitation will play a significant role in determining your own period of hospitalization.
Read further: How Long Is Short Term Rehab? (Perfect answer)
What is the difference between a nursing home and a rehab facility?
A patient's typical length of time at a short-term rehabilitation facility is around 20 days, and many patients are discharged in as little as seven to fourteen days. Your success in terms of healing and rehabilitation will play a significant role in determining your own duration of stay.
See also: When Did Psychosocial Rehab Change To Psychiatric Rehabilitation? (Perfect answer)
Will Medicare pay for transfer from one rehab to another?
You are protected against being wrongfully dismissed or moved from a nursing home under federal and state regulations. You will not be able to be transferred to another skilled nursing facility or discharged unless the following conditions are met: Your condition has improved to the point where care in a nursing home is no longer medically necessary; or Your condition has improved to the point where care in a nursing home is no longer medically necessary.
What is a rehab diagnosis?
When it comes to rehabilitation, the presenting problems are limitations in activities, and the primary items investigated are impairment and contextual factors, whereas in medicine, the presenting problems are symptoms, and the primary goals are the diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disease (or diseases).
How Long Is The Rehab For A Torn Pectoral Muscle? (TOP 5 Tips)
What Kind Of Exercise Will I Do For Pulmonary Rehab? (Solved)
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Puzzle Solved
'THE DA VINCI CODE'
By Richard Alleva
On my way to The Da Vinci Code I felt as bully as Teddy Roosevelt. The time was noon, the sky was promising, springtime buoyed me. Well rested, well fed (but not overfed), I was quite in the mood for a good, exciting movie-movie, especially one with some theological grit in it. A little church bashing always fine-tunes my spirit, and I even put myself in the mood for mysterioso-apocrypha by swatting up on the recent Gospel of Judas excitement. In fact, I did everything I could to predispose myself in the movie's favor because I had read the first thirty pages of the novel and knew I had to somehow neutralize that self-lobotomizing experience. In any event, I was ready and willing to give the movie my best shot after allowing it to give me its best shot.
One hundred and forty-nine minutes later, I emerged from the multiplex with my head bowed (but not in piety), my shirt clammy (but not because of a breakdown in the air-conditioning), my contacts grinding my corneas (my senses in revolt), and my spirit temporarily darkened. Only a masterpiece or a truly lousy movie can do this to a viewer and, trust me, The Da Vinci Code is no masterpiece. Yet its makers are not clueless. Its director, Ron Howard, working as usual in partnership with the producer Brian Grazer, is a fairly reliable entertainer whose Ransom remains the best kidnapping thriller I've seen. The screenwriter, Akiva Goldsman, has never had his name on a film I could admire, but A Beautiful Mind proved he has the middlebrow genius required to take difficult subject matter and mash it into amiable pap. And Tom Hanks is surely the most versatile and dependable star on Hollywood's current A list.
So what went wrong? What were they thinking?
The second question addresses the first. Grazer and Howard surely were anticipating huge box office because of the book's stratospheric success. This isn't necessarily a matter of absolute greed because future projects can be jump-started by current success. Howard has professed an intellectual interest in Dan Brown's speculations about the Catholic Church's suppression of women, the importance of Mary Magdalene, and the role of the Knights Templar, but whether he really took such an interest or not, the sure-fire nature of the project has apparently defused the energies of the director and nearly all his collaborators. Why strive when the very purchase of the hot property guarantees success? Everything on screen bespeaks coasting rather than steering.
Consider the script. (May I be excused from summarizing the plot?) Code's protagonists, symbologist Robert Langdon (Hanks) and police cryptologist Sophie Neveu (Audrey Tautou), scramble over a lot of geography while unscrambling puzzles and unmasking villains, all the while hunted by the police for murders they didn't commit. But while truly exciting chase-thrillers, such as North by Northwest and The Fugitive, employ a variety of dangerous situations to increase the exhilaration of the pursuit, in Code there's only one situation repeated with thrill-suppressing monotony: Hanks and Tautou rush into a building, discover a puzzle, such as an anagram or a mysterious image, and solve it only to find that it leads to another puzzle; then we cut to a fanatic-killer-albino-monk closing in on some unfortunate who has aided or is about to aid our heroes, and he bashes or slashes or shoots them. Then back to the puzzle-solvers. And so it goes: solve, bash, solve, slash, solve, bang-bang. Nothing savory is made of the locales, no interesting relationship develops between the protagonists. The puzzle solving isn't cinematic and the killings are all too blatantly cinematic in their uninventive brutality.
Consider the photography and direction. You've heard of film noir? Welcome to film bleu. Every shadow, every shaft of light, most of the backgrounds, many close-ups, are bathed in blue. For melancholy? mystery? foreboding? Well, yes, for all of these, and during the first ten minutes of the film, we can accept the ubiquitous blue, but then what? Where is the visual variety that a cross-continental thriller needs? Furthermore, to keep the action breathtaking, Howard and his editors continually (almost continuously) cut from one panning shot to another rather than varying static shots with pans and zooms, a lazy decision that destroys all suspense. With everything in visual flow, the story never has a chance to coil, strike, re-coil, and strike again.
Consider the acting. Hanks coasts on his personality but, for once, his charm has gone missing. Is it the weird pyramidal hair-do the make-up department has concocted for him? (Are we meant to ponder Egyptian Coptic mysteries?) Or is it that no charm can be deployed on lines such as, "I never met a girl who knew that much about a crypt-text." Audrey Tautou is a gamine but her role requires not a gamine's charm but a furrowed, intellectual brow and legs for Olympic-level running. For this we need Audrey Tautou? As an eccentric historian, Ian McKellan, in full Gandolf mode, coasts-at first effectively but with diminishing returns-on his pawky manner and sly-boots smile. Heading the police chase, Jean Reno serves up, for the umpteenth time, his French-inspector scowl. The one pleasant surprise is that Paul Bettany, lumbered with the most gimmicky role of all, makes the albino psycho not only frightening but pathetic.
This movie doesn't even have the courage of its own scandal. Initially, it accuses Opus Dei members of instigating murder, but if you listen closely (and I mean closely), one of the characters mutters that it's only the "fascist" branch of the organization that is committed to the skullduggery. As for the shock value of a Christ who has fathered children, Hanks concludes that "the only thing that matters is what you believe." By which, I take it, he doesn't mean that what you believe is important (sincerity, efficacy, intensity) but that what you believe is important for you. Whatever turns you on, baby.
Though it takes place in Europe and evokes ancient Palestine and Rome, this is a very American movie. Alas.
Richard Alleva has been reviewing movies for Commonweal since 1990.
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Pivotal Figure
'The Solitary Anarchist'
By Tim Markatos
Conscience & Confidence
By Anna Harrison
The Art of Survival
By Hannah Gold


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Home»Books»Mollie's War: The Letters of a World War II WAC in Europe
Mollie's War: The Letters of a World War II WAC in Europe
This memoir describes the life of a WAC enlistee who would serve in England when it came under attack, France immediately after the Allied invasion, and Germany after VE Day.
Mollie's War: The Letters of a World War II WAC in Europe quantity
Category: Books Tags: Memoirs, World War II
By Mollie Weinstein Schaffer and Cyndee Schaffer. The 150,000 women who served in the Women's Army Corps are now seen as the undersung heroes of the Second World War. This memoir describes the life of a WAC enlistee who would serve in England when it came under attack, France immediately after the Allied invasion, and Germany after VE Day. From her experience in basic training in Daytona Beach to the climactic moment when she saw the Statue of Liberty as her ship approached American shores upon her return home, this work provides a glimpse into the life of a woman in uniform during this crucial time in American history.
Doctor in Blue by Martin VictorAdd to cart
Doctor in Blue by Martin Victor
Cold Ground's Been My Bed by Daniel WolfeAdd to cart
Cold Ground's Been My Bed by Daniel Wolfe
Big Mother 40 by Marc LiebmanAdd to cart
Big Mother 40 by Marc Liebman


Violorama Blog | Posts tagged "bowed"
Violorama news and progress on current projects.
Am I stating the obvious? Apparently not since most electric violins are built and used a lot like an electric guitar.
We all know the difference between bowed and plucked. But surprisingly few people have thought through the difference in instrument design that stems from this initial difference.
This is really simplified, but I'm going somewhere with it so bear with me.
A plucked string gets energy imparted to it once per note at the start. It starts off with a sideways movement in the direction of the pluck but quickly settles to a more circular movement as it dies away. How quickly it dies away depends on the mobility of the bridge and soundboard to which it is attached. The less mobile the bridge is, the more sustain but the less volume, as the vibration is reflected back into the string. The more mobile it is, the louder but less sustain as the energy is sucked faster into the body and soundboard. It's a direct tradeoff - this is why a banjo is loud with little sustain - it has a highly mobile bridge because it is mounted on a skin. It is also why electric guitars have more sustain than acoustic guitars - the bridge is mounted rigidly on several kilos of solid wood! Electrics overcome the lack of volume with an amp (obviously). You can make an electric guitar with less sustain by making a more mobile bridge, but since the sustain is musically useful in many situations most electric guitars don't do that.
A bowed string has energy imparted continuously. There is no tradeoff between sustain and volume because the sustain is created by adding more energy rather than by trying to conserve the energy already in the string. In fact making a bowed instrument with a less mobile bridge creating more sustain actually makes it harder to play and control because the energy reflected back into the string causes the string to want to keep resonating by itself, rather than being controlled by the bow.
To complicate matters the stiffness of the bridge will vary with pitch. Most existing electric violins that use a bridge based on a acoustic bridge will have a somewhat mobile bridge at high frequencies since most of the mobility at those frequencies is in the bridge itself - however the bridge is still very stiff at the fundamental frequency of the string(s) since it is attached to a rigid body, and most of the mobility on an acoustic at fundamental frequencies is in the belly, bassbar and air resonance of the instrument, none of which exist on a typical electric violin.
Since it is mostly the fundamental frequency of the note that determines the bow feel on the string the mobility at high frequencies doesn't help much.
The Violorama violin has the exact same action of top, soundpost and bass bar as an acoustic - the only thing missing is the air resonance - if it had that it would BE an acoustic which would defeat the purpose - however the air resonance is substituted for by the resonance of the bass bar assembly which is much more complex than an acoustic bass bar.
Another important difference between plucked and bowed instruments is the direction of the vibration in the string. A plucked instrument sustain quickly settles to an approximately symmetrical movement that moves about the same amount either side of the resting point.
On a bowed string the vibration is offset to one side, because the bow is dragging the string to one side. Furthermore, the direction of the offset changes every time the player changes bow direction. This has consequences for pickups and amplification since the electronics must accommodate the maximum movement to each side even though that is larger than half the peak to trough displacement of the waveform at any time - so we need electronics with greater headroom if we want to ever have a clean sound.
A related issue is that the raw waveform of the string is very different on a bowed string. A plucked string has an initial burst of complexity and harmonics and then settles to a fairly simple tone with fewer harmonics at a lower level. A bowed string is constantly being pushed out of its natural resonance and the waveform has a very different shape, at root rather like a sawtooth wave as the string is dragged sideways by the bow then snaps back suddenly, then does it again. This wave is also fairly simple when considered as a wave - but contains a much higher proportion of harmonics than a guitar wave. Using this bright waveform picked up directly off the bridge as most electric violins do is part of what creates the characteristic mosquito-like tone of many electric violins.
However, even if the wave is allowed to develop into a warmer version of itself though the mobility and resonances and frequency dependent damping of the instrument then the fundamental difference in the harmonic content of the sound needs to be considered at every stage, from designing the preamp through to choosing effects and amps.
Because a bowed string is primarily moving from side to side the violin family has evolved a lever action to convert this to the in-an-out movement of the top that is best for transmitting sound to the air. On an electric we no longer care about transmitting sound to the air - in fact we are trying to prevent it. However the lever action is so essential to the natural movement of a violin that keeping it is necessary to make the electric feel and sound like a violin. Keeping this element of acoustic design in an electric violin also affords us many possibilities for influencing the tone of the instrument, and some locations to have pickups where they can sense a more gracious tone than that directly from the bridge.
The signature sound of an electric guitar is overdrive / distortion. This is remarkably well suited to the electric guitar since it adds harmonic content to the relatively simple natural tone of the plucked string, and also increases sustain even further. You could even say that it improves the guitar by making it sound more like a violin! Of course that's only partly true, as distortion harmonics have a quite different spectrum profile to the natural violin harmonics.
When you take a violin with a sound that is already bright and harmonically full and add overdrive distortion you get harmonics on the harmonics of the original tone - the sound can quickly become over-complex and unmanageable. This might be useful depending on your style of music. Noise music and music where the primary parameter is texture will find it more useful than it is for music where harmony and melody are primary. It won't easily give you a euphonious melodic lead sound like an electric guitar though.
One is to filter the violin sound down to a simpler tone before adding distortion. Then you shift the tone from noisy overcomplexity to something more like an electric guitar lead tone. However it is difficult to filter the violin tone without also losing articulation and expression. This may or may not matter depending on the style. If you do this filtering with fixed EQ it will only work well in one register and have to be adjusted for a different register.
You can also split the signal and layer distorted tone with clean, or just use less distortion. Or any combination of the above.
Delay, reverb and other time-based effects are also more audible and effective if the tone they are applied to is clear and articulate - something that is hard to maintain with distortion on electric violin.


Navigating difficult financial terrain, surviving stormy cash flow and satisfying a growing appetite for resources are just some of the threats facing SME owners that would test even Bear Grylls' survival skills.
Asset finance can be a life-saver for business owners, helping to manage costs and cash flow and achieve their growth potential.
The following top tips will help to increase the ability of your business to survive any financial challenge.
You don't want your cash flow to slow to a trickle so be sure to issue invoices promptly and chase up any debtors. Be careful with stock management by negotiating longer credit terms with suppliers and shorter ones for customers. Also remember to stay on good terms with your bank and work to plug any gaps in your forward order book.
Being tough with late paying customers by imposing late payment charges will help to encourage prompt payment and cover costs incurred. By law, you can apply late payment charges eight per cent above the Bank of England base rate on unpaid bills.
Think about where you can make savings across the business. Monitoring energy consumption, for instance, can save you money. Business travel can be another drain on profits, therefore be sure only to make essential business journeys and always speak to your accountant to make sure that you're taking full advantage of all available tax allowances.
Credit checks on new customers are vital as it takes only one major customer collapse to jeopardise your business. Protect yourself by agreeing clear credit terms up front and conducting rigorous credit checks on new customers.
It may also be worth using credit reference agencies to provide extra protection against bad debtors, but do bear in mind the costs of using these services.
Customers need to feel valued and loyalty schemes, discounts and newsletters remind them that their custom is appreciated. In uncertain financial times, consumers cut their spending, so do all you can to attract a steady flow of new ones. Raising the profile of your business in the local community and corporate social responsibility initiatives are other useful ways to help to differentiate you from the competition.
Ensuring funding is structured to cope with the inevitable strain that operating costs place on cash flow is a positive move. Financial flexibility during times of tight margins and rising operating costs increases operational resilience.
Asset finance, particularly leasing and hire purchase, are growing in popularity with SMEs, not least because the success rate on application is the highest of all the major finance options.
For more information, and to learn how Praetura Asset Finance could help you, call us today on 0333 323 7800.


Just got this tip from BoB, Wired magazine has a poll to see what readers reckon should be in a survival kit. There are some pretty silly things on the list and you can add your own suggestions. Remember folks your vote counts!


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Progress Partners Continues to Grow, Announcing Multiple New Hires and a Promotion
Former Tully & Holland and Saatchi & Saatchi Wellness Interns Join Tech-Focused Boutique Investment Bank
BOSTON, MA ? September 7, 2017 ? Progress Partners, a Boston and New York-based corporate M&A advisory firm, has announced that Peirce Sullivan and Nelson Norley have joined the firm and that Morgan Cuthbertson has been promoted. These additions and changes reflect the need to meet the growing demand for the firm?s services within the Internet and Digital Media technology sector.
Sullivan joins Progress Partners as an associate from Tully & Holland, the investment banking advisory firm focused on the consumer product sector. Sullivan will leverage his experience in deal making and business development to work alongside the managing directors to support investment, corporate, and business valuations and analyses, as well as assisting the planning and executions of client M&A engagements for the firm. Sullivan holds an M.B.A. from Boston College, and a B.A. in Finance from the University of Notre Dame.
Norley was recently hired as a full-time analyst at Progress Partners after a successful summer internship in the New York City office this year. Norley interned last winter, bringing market research and business development experience from his past internships at Saatchi & Saatchi Wellness, Clutch Holdings, and Actua Corporation (formerly ICG). He is a recent graduate of Bucknell University where he majored in Political Science and Government, and is a founding member of their Venture Capital Club.
?We are very happy with the continued momentum of Progress Partners,? noted Sam Thompson, senior managing director of Progress Partners. ?Peirce and Nelson bring deal and business development experience to our growing team. Their contributions will add significant value to the firm as we continue to scale our buy-side and sell-side advisory services.?
Cuthbertson was promoted to Senior Analyst after joining Progress Partners as an Analyst in February 2016. During her time at the firm, Cuthbertson has worked on numerous sell-side advisory engagements, spearheading business development and managing the analyst intern program. Since joining Progress Partners, she was nominated and completed the ACG Accelerator Program, and since is a member of ACG's Deal Hunters Committee. Prior to joining Progress, Cuthbertson acted as Manager, Business Development at Highway Entertainment, an Omnicom Company in Toronto, Ontario. She holds a B.A. in Business from the University of Western Ontario.
Nick MacShane, founder and senior managing director of Progress Partners, applauded Cuthbertson?s promotion. ?Morgan has worked tirelessly to elevate the firm?s ability to support clients in every stage of the engagement. Her expertise in the agency ecosystem and her ability to manage client relations has made her an invaluable part of the firm. We look forward to her continued success as an integral member of the Progress Partner team.?
Progress Partners is a Boston and New York-based M&A advisory firm working with emerging technology companies within media, marketing, advertising sectors, serving SMB through Enterprise. Progress Partners works with buyers and sellers of high growth companies to complete M&A transactions, raise debt or equity capital, as well as, develop and implement strategic growth plans. The firm's high standards of excellence, deep industry experience, extensive network, and entrepreneurial background give Progress Partners the ability to build and realize superior value for its clients. For more information, visit: www.progresspartners.com.


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Q: Initializing JPA subentities when submitting JSF datatable I've recently received a business requirement for my JSF app to edit rows of a datatable, in the table itself.
The problem: the table is backed by a list of JPA entities, but the editable fields belong to their -optional- associations. So, as an example of such an editable selectOneListbox field, if I do:

<h:selectOneListbox id="rca" value="#{mainEntity.associatedEntity.rca}" converter="omnifaces.SelectItemsConverter">
    <f:selectItem itemValue="#{null}" itemLabel="" />
    <f:selectItems value="#{rcaOptions}" var="rca" itemLabel="#{rca}" itemValue="#{rca}" />
</h:selectOneListbox>

I eventually receive Target Unreachable, 'associatedEntity' returned null when submitting the table, for those rows where there is no associated entity yet, even if I left the selectOneListbox unchanged for those (null option selected). The questions:

*

*how/where/when can I elegantly instantiate new subentities when submitting the form, only for those rows the user acted on (ajax-less preferably), preventing the error shown above? Forcibly creating subentities in the model for all rows when first rendering the table is IMHO a flaw in design.

*How can I programmatically ignore this selectOneListbox -or any other input field- from the entire JSF lifecycle, conditionally, just like if the field never existed in the request? I tried implementing several converters and validators but the validation phase is still trying to get the value reference, no matter what I try, throwing the error shown above

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


(3-11-17) This week's SSN National Softball Player of the Week is Punahou (Hawaii) 5'4 Sophomore DiAsha Saiki.
Friday in a 13-10 win over Mid-Pacific she hit a walk-off three-run homer and finished 4-for-4 with three homers and eight RBIs.
Saiki, who plays SS/3B was playing 1st base in the win. Saiki has already committed to UC Berkeley to play softball in coollege.


Members and friends of the Folklife Center found themselves in a unique "ethnographic confluence" at the opening reception for our latest Vision & Voice Gallery exhibit Up Home: Hand-Colored Photographs by Susanne & Neil Rappaport on Thursday evening, February 1.
Our main-floor galleries were humming with some 60 guests eager to learn more about this collection of over 45 hand-colored photographs taken in Minnie Griswold's Pawlet, VT, home. Minnie died in 1952, whereupon her two devoted sons closed up their boyhood home as a sort of shrine to their mother. They had lost their father to a grizzly mill accident when they were very young, and had been raised by Minnie, single-handed.
In the mid-1980s son, Charlie (then in his 80's), invited the Rappaports into the house to have a look around. This singular collection of photographs resulted after two years of shooting and hand coloring. Now, for the first time since they were made in 1986, these intriguing images—an ethnographic time capsule—are on view again.
What made the opening reception so remarkable, in addition to the photographs? Attending the event was Minnie's great grandson, Alan David Griswold, who, learning of the opening 10 days earlier, had driven from his home in Pennsylvania. With him he brought Minnie's vintage hand-crank Victrola record player, on which he played Minnie's original records. This is a family that honors its past.
Once the Victrola wound down, VFC Gallery Curator Ned Castle introduced Alan, and conducted a live interview with him in the center of the gallery, with attendees surrounding the pair in rows of chairs to watch and listen. And listen they did, rapt by Alan's vivid recollections of family reunions at Minnie's home, of his Grand Uncle Charlie having the children run and play outside before allowing them to ask to enter the home, and then being ushered in with his firm admonition: "do not touch anything." Alan marveled at his grand uncle's devotion to his mother, and at his own father's upholding of family traditions, saying that Minnie's values, deeply instilled in her sons, had been lovingly handed down the generations to him.
The interview over, Alan took questions: "Is the house still there? Who owns it?" As if on cue a young couple raised their hands and shared, "we're the proud owners of Minnie's home." The crowd gasped. Joy and Matt Proft were moved by Alan's words and by the show. And they value Minnie's home, having made no major alterations.
Just another evening at the Vermont Folklife Center; join us next time, won't you?


The role of the pharmaceutical physician in the OTC division of a major pharmaceutical company is substantially different from that played in the research or medical affairs departments dealing with prescription drugs. One might assume that OTC work is simpler and less involved than that related to prescription medications. In many ways, the opposite is true.
The OTC pharmaceutical physician must be a generalist, requiring a broad expertise in medicine, toxicology, and regulatory affairs. The OTC physician deals with a vast variety of drugs from many different areas of medicine, including some that are little taught in formal medical education. This contrasts with research on new chemical entities, where the physician generally focuses on a single therapeutic area, enjoys a large support staff that provide him/her with in-depth assistance, and uses a limited number of research protocols and techniques that can be thoroughly mastered. In contrast, the OTC physician must be an expert on smoking cessation one day, gastroenterology the next, and dermatology the next. The OTC physician must also be concerned with detailed issues of formulation and manufacturing.
The regulations governing OTC medications are substantially different from those in the prescription field, and the OTC physician is typically more involved in regulatory matters than his/her non-OTC colleagues.
Because staff are fewer and the hierarchy simpler, the OTC physician has much more general authority, with broad responsibility for in-line, new, and forthcoming products. On the prescription side, this would not be true of any job short of the Vice President of Research.
Another difference concerns marketing. Typically in the prescription area, interaction with the marketing department is infrequent, although sometimes intense. In the OTC area, it is constant. The physician educates the marketing department on medical issues surrounding a particular drug and on the opportunities and limitations that these present. In particular, the physician must understand the needs of the brand managers and be able to offer guidance. For instance, when difficulties occur in the implementation of marketing plans, the physician must be able to assist in developing alternative strategies. An OTC business is subject to intense market pressures. The physician must help the marketers deal with them effectively by frequently playing the roles of educator and creative thinker as well as medical expert.
One of the most surprising aspects of the pharmaceutical physician's role in OTC medication is the very high degree of creativity required of the physician. With prescription medication, one must work with whatever compounds have been previously developed by chemistry and toxicology. These are brought to the physician for clinical testing. There is seldom any input by the physician into drugs he/she will select to work on. Sometimes the project on which the physician will be spending years of his/her life is of considerable medical interest, in other cases it is not. No matter what the case, the physician will be able to exercise only minimal control over what compounds he/she is working on at any given time. While it is possible for the clinical development of a new chemical entity to be poorly handled, it is not possible for the clinical researcher to add any characteristic that the particular chemical entity did not possess when it was synthesized.
In contrast to this, in the OTC area, the physician is actually in a position to greatly influence the choice of compounds on which he/she and the company will do research. He/she can even creatively discover new indications suitable for OTC therapy. The OTC physician typically enjoys major input into all decisions involved in the company's commitment to particular compounds and formulations. This is true for OTC switch and for new formulations of older products. The formulators in an OTC operation seek extensive input from their medical colleagues and the corporation looks to the physician for more than just straightforward opinions. Creativity is required and he/she has an opportunity to devise concepts that are actually developed by the company.
Since the development cycle of OTC drugs is much shorter than that of prescription compounds, the physician is often able to see an idea of his/her own brought to fruition in the form of an actual product. Typically, it requires only 3 years or less for the development of an OTC drug, as opposed to 7-10 years for a new chemical entity. The skillful use of medical knowledge and its creative application to new products can make all the difference in the medical and business success of an OTC company.
The extent to which the OTC physician is a key decision-maker is especially clear in dealing with the release to market of new formulations of drugs that have monograph status. Here the pharmaceutical physician makes direct judgments on the safety and marketability of products without the intervention of a regulatory agency. The US Food and Drug Administration has provided for the direct marketing of a wide variety of OTC drugs which it has pre-approved in the so-called 'monograph' system. The underlying concept of this system is that there are many drugs that have long been on the OTC market and for which abundant information already exists. Therefore, it would be redundant and wasteful for a new NDA to be submitted each time a new formulation of one of these compounds is to be brought to market. The FDA has provided a series of numerous monographs, each one of which deals with a particular narrow therapeutic area, ranging from acne and anthelminthics to hormones and weight control. The therapeutic area is discussed in some detail and specific requirements for well-established drugs in that area are set forth. As long as a new formulation remains within the exact requirements set forth in the monograph for type of drug, dosage, indication, and labeling statements, a compound may be formulated and marketed on the judgment of the company alone. No further pre-approval or examination of any application to the FDA is necessary. However, if the requirements set forth in the monograph for a particular compound are to be changed in any way by a different dosage, a new indication, or by changes in labeling, the formulation no longer is covered by the monograph and it is necessary to submit a full NDA. As long as the monograph requirements are strictly met, the physician in charge will make the final judgment on whether a new formulation is satisfactory for market. This system exists only in the USA and it provides for a striking amount of speed and flexibility in the OTC marketing of products.
However, it also places a very substantial amount of responsibility on the OTC physician. You can never appreciate the value of having a regulatory agency review your work and make the final decision to allow marketing until you don't have them and must take the responsibility yourself. This is particularly true with regard to the tolerability of new formulations. It is unlikely that major safety problems will arise with well-known drugs dosed at well-known levels for indications that are thoroughly understood. However, with topical drugs, where irritation and allergenicity are a problem, the judgment of suitability for market can be difficult. These drugs tend to be very dependent on the details of individual formulations and you want to be sure that you have enough information before you release them to market.
The need for specific clinical testing must be determined by the physician in each individual instance. A wide variety of situations may arise, varying from those in which no particular testing is required to those in which an extensive series of tests is needed before full confidence can be felt in a formulation. In short, the American monograph system provides unparalleled speed and flexibility of drug development for those compounds which come under it, but it requires particular vigilance on the part of the OTC physician. For all the delay and difficulty involved in obtaining approvals from FDA, it does have the major advantage that it provides a second source of learned judgment prior to the marketing of products. Even in the limited scope of monograph drugs, the physician can often find it necessary to use all his/her abilities to ensure that adequate testing is done and that careful judgments are made before individual formulations are allowed to reach the marketplace.
Because of the monograph system, one of the more striking features of OTC drug development is the speed with which new formulations may be moved from the conceptual stage to actual product realization. This contributes in a major way to the job satisfaction of the pharmaceutical physician, but it also creates a need to act with much more speed in advancing one's own portion of the development efforts. There is a need for the physician to participate in every phase of early planning of a development program. This is the only way to ensure that it is properly handled and can be quickly executed. Frequently, several companies will be moving forward with similar projects. Both commercial and personal success rely on being the first to market. Thus, the program must be planned for success on the first try. If major delays in research occur, the product will usually be so far behind competition in reaching the market that it will have little commercial value.
Several factors accelerate the entire process of research in the OTC area. Since it is much quicker and simpler for a product to remain within the monograph requirements, every effort is made to do so if it is possible. For research with monograph drugs, it is perhaps surprising to learn that an investigational new drug (IND) exemption is not always required prior to undertaking research. This is only logical, however, since for a monograph drug there is pre-approval from the FDA to actually launch the product into the market. It would not be sensible to require special pre-approval to perform human research via the IND system. This considerably speeds and simplifies the course of the research effort but again results in greater responsi bility for the OTC physician. The physician must ensure that the research undertaken will be complete and adequate for both safety and efficacy determination purposes and must make a solo judgment as to the safety of the research subjects involved, with no FDA oversight.
The details of the clinical research process are little different for OTC and prescription work. What changes most is the role of the pharmaceutical physician. This role is greater in scope and responsibility in the OTC area and everything must be done with greater speed.


text:
Big day in the Hunter
By: Greg Bush
It's been a tough few months for many along Australia's eastern seaboard, but that didn't stop a big turnout of trucks taking part in the Newcastle Hunter Transport Awareness Day as it celebrated its 25th anniversary
M&K Eklund was voted Best Fleet of the Show
Under the hot spring sun and a light smoke haze drifting down from the New South Wales mid north coast, the 2019 Newcastle Hunter Transport Awareness Day celebrated its 25th anniversary on Sunday, November 10 with another successful event, culminating in a competitive show and shine competition.
The day began with a convoy from Sandgate Markets in Newcastle's north to Maitland Showgrounds. More than 140 trucks took part, prompting Ray Williams, president of the Newcastle Hunter Transport Awareness Group, to claim the Awareness Day event as the "biggest ever".
As well as the convoy, static displays set up during the previous day considerably added to the showground's truck numbers, with most local dealerships showing off their wares.
Through his regular job at Gilbert & Roach, Hexham, Ray has been an Awareness Day regular since 1999, including the years when it was held at Newcastle's Foreshore Park. It moved to Maitland four years ago.
"This site works well for us, but we're certainly bursting at the seams," he says, surveying the packed showground. "We couldn't fit anyone else in."
The RKS Distribution K200 on the home stretch to Maitland Showgrounds
Earlier, during his welcome address, he made special mention of O'Neill's Heavy Towing & Salvage, who once again put on a hot breakfast from 6am until the convoy's departure at Sandgate markets.
"They've been fuelling our drivers for the past 24 years; that's a big effort," he says.
Ray also made mention of the "long distance travellers", including Glen 'Yogi' Kendall and his wife Amanda from Western Australia, and Laurie Williams, who brought his Bullet Burnout Truck down from Beerwah, Queensland for the event.
It was a close call for Laurie as bushfires had forced the closure of the Pacific Highway near Taree shortly after he made it through.
The effects of Mother Nature were evident elsewhere. More than 12 months ago Andrew Goodwin was driving a Kenworth T904 with tippers for Tathra Farming at Spring Ridge, south of Gunnedah. However, during the convoy he was behind the wheel of an RKS Distribution K200.
"Because of the drought I've come to do this instead of tipper work," Andrew says. "I normally work on a farm, but there's no work there so I had to look elsewhere.
"I'll just wait and see what happens, but they've just had another crop fail."
Later in the day, RKS Distribution was announced as the winner of the Best Presented Small Fleet award.
Joey and Renee Pace from Pace Bulk Haulage were delighted with their Truck of the Show award
Restored W Model
Steve Lawler, from SLS Group, has also been indirectly affected by drought conditions. SLS Group manufactures stainless steel truck accessories, and had a few customer rigs on show at its static display, including a smart 1986 W Model Kenworth from Rasmussen Bulk Haulage from Moura, Queensland.
Steve says the Kenworth is in its final stages of restoration in the SLS workshop where it has been for a couple of years now.
"We haven't been working on it full-time, it's just an in-between job," he explains. "Obviously it's one of those where you have a good season up there on harvest so you've got money to spend, then you have a flood, a drought or a fire and you don't.
"Then it's when we've had time or not had time. It's been a good job but we've made a mission this year to finish it."
The W model made its first show appearance at the 2019 Clarendon Classic. However, its owner Marty Rasmussen wasn't able to make it down for the Newcastle event due to work commitments.
A good thing perhaps, as Steve neglected to enter it in any of the truck show categories at Maitland.
"I was polishing it and I thought, 'I forgot to enter these trucks'. Spewing!"
Carter Heavy Haulage & Transport is a big supporter of the Newcastle Hunter Transport Awareness Day
Kenworths were in abundance, including a few veteran models, such as Barry Elbourne Transport's "stretched out" 1994 T950 with Dennis Jones behind the wheel.
The T950, now with a 60-inch bunk and Icepack, belongs to his uncle, and Dennis was happy to give the truck a tidy-up before driving it in the convoy.
"It's done a lot of ks. It's been on roadtrain work and usually heavy float work, so she's worked hard."
As far as truck driving is concerned – he drove petrol tankers for 20 years – Dennis is semi-retired. However, as a mechanic by trade, he's enthusiastic about his current project truck.
"I'm doing up a 1984 SAR for a show truck," he says. "It was parked up for 10 years and I'm bringing it back to life."
The SAR which he bought from his uncle, has the original 400 Cummins and a 13-speed 'box.
"I'm changing it from Ryco suspension to air bag. I'm in the middle of that, welding up all the holes, and I'm ready to start re-drilling."
Dennis says the SAR will be ready to show at the 2020 Newcastle Hunter Transport Awareness Day.
Part of the Simmons Bulk Haulage crew. From left, Philip Simmons, Wayne Simmons, Matt Simmons and Sean Hetherington
Preferred venue
Simmons Bulk Haulage also had its fair share of the Kenworth brand among its fleet on show, along with three Freightliners and a Western Star. Among the Kenworths was a T610, the company's latest purchase.
Business owner Wayne Simmons is an Awareness Day regular – his 15th year to be exact.
"This year we put a bit of an effort in, more than what we normally do," Wayne says. "Other years we've only put one or two in."
As well as the trucks, his drivers in the convoy included sons Philip and Matt Simmons.
Wayne says he prefers the Maitland Showgrounds venue over Foreshore Park. "There's a lot more to do for kids – rides, attractions, and everything's in the one spot now. A lot of the east-enders were complaining about the trucks down there."
Ray Williams, however, says the main reason behind the move to Maitland was the presence of the V8 Supercars.
"When the V8s came to Newcastle, we had to transfer to this location," Ray explains. "The V8s were already setting up in Newcastle where we used to have the show."
The NSW authorities had plenty of advice for the industry
At any rate, taking the Newcastle Hunter Transport Awareness Day to Maitland appears to have reenergised the event, which has been running since 1994. With a new committee and continued corporate support, plus attractions such as kids' entertainment including Disney's Pixar truck, and live music from country rock band Hurricane Fall, it not only provided a family-friendly day out, but raised important funds for two charities – Ronald McDonald House and Westpac Rescue Helicopter Service.
"There's a houseful of major sponsors here and their donations are hefty. But it all goes to good charities," Ray continues, adding that the event has raised over $1.4 million in its 25 years of existence.
He also appreciated the efforts put in by drivers and owners, aware that many start their working week on Sunday afternoon. He also paid tribute to those previously involved in the Awareness Day, including the late Paul Harrison and past president Tony McGrath. But he saved his biggest praise to the Newcastle Hunter Transport Awareness Group volunteers.
"I've got an awesome committee; I'm blessed to have those guys supporting me.
"There are some very key people that obviously do a lot, know a lot and make it happen."
Trucks ready to roll for the convoy at Sandgate Fruit Market
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How to become a digital nomad and travel the world?
Usually when I write on my blog I write simple short posts what actually help people. I don't want to make things too complicated. I follow the same rules with this one.
First time when I heard a word "digital nomad" was when me and my girlfriend went to Thailand, Chiang Mai because they supposed to have good food there. And yes they do have amazing food. You should definitely check that place out.
People usually overthink when it comes to accomplishing their dreams and goals. I am going to break it down to simple steps what you can start today.
The number one thing what you need to do to become location independent is to get your money right. There are many ways you can do it. You can start a business, be a freelancer or get a job where you can work remotely. But before that you need to overcome your fears and get your mindset right. There's no way you'll make it if you are still following your old habits and actions what got you stuck in the point where you are today.
In order to get your money right I'd recommend you to learn some new things. You can learn how to be a social media manager, designer, copywriter, online seller or anything else. For that I recommend using a website called udemy.com. There's just so many options what you can do nowadays to live location independent. These were just few examples. The sad thing is that non of these were taught in school but that's not what this post is about either.
What steps to take to become location independent?
If you start learning new things to become digital nomad then you need to understand that probably you are not going to succeed right away and you are not going to be location independent in few months. But you need to keep on learning and testing new things to get your feet off the ground.
I am not going to say that I prefer doing one thing to another when it comes to being location independent because I haven't done all these things myself. The thing what got me free was e-commerce – selling on Amazon FBA. I have wrote few posts about it and laid out simple instructions how you can get started. Check out this one here: How To Make Money With Amazon FBA.
If you want to get started right away with selling on Amazon FBA then check out my free case study here.
Why I Prefer Starting My Own Business?
When you want to be location independent then the last thing what you want to happen is to lose a job or a client when you are on an island somewhere in the middle of nowhere and you need money like oxygen. You need to have control over your income and the best way to have it is having your own business.
This was a short overview "How To Become A Digital Nomad And Travel The World". I really hope it helps someone to get started and get your feet of the ground. If you have any questions or comments then post them below.


Commission of Transformers G1 character, Crosscut, done in the Transformers Prime Style .
Commissioned piece that features Hawkeye and Drax, from the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
The Lost Light Crew represented in a homage to the Brady Bunch.


text:
is a compilation album by Japanese singer/songwriter Chisato Moritaka. It was released on November 26, 2004, five years after she retired from the music industry. The album features songs selected by Moritaka herself, including a chorus and drum re-recording of the song "Dotchi mo Dotchi". Instead of one booklet, My Favorites includes two mini-booklets: one with liner notes and the other with lyrics.

The album peaked at No. 71 on Oricon's albums chart and sold over 7,000 copies.

Track listing
All lyrics are written by Chisato Moritaka; all music is arranged by Yuichi Takahshi, except where indicated.

Personnel
 Chisato Moritaka – vocals, drums (1)
 Yuichi Takahashi – guitar, programming (1)
 Shin Hashimoto – piano (1)
 Yukio Seto – bass (1)
 Tatsuya Maruyama – viola, strings arrangement (1)
 Daisuke Inobe – viola (1)
 Masami Horisawa – cello (1)
 Ayano Kasahara – cello (1)

Charts

References

External links
  (Chisato Moritaka)
  (Up-Front Works)

2004 compilation albums
Chisato Moritaka compilation albums
Japanese-language compilation albums
Zetima compilation albums

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Femastrology
HomeNewsLegalWestboro Church takes aim at Kim Davis
Westboro Church takes aim at Kim Davis
When a religious group notorious for its anti-gay agenda takes a side, you'd think it would be easy to choose which side you belong to, right? But what if the issue is Kim Davis, the Kentucky Country clerk who refused to give same-sex marriage licenses because it would supposedly violate her "Christian convictions"? Whose side would you be on?
Westboro vs. Davis
The Kansas-based Westboro Baptist Church (WBC) has reportedly slammed Davis for being "an adulterer" because she has divorced thrice and remarried again. In their Twitter account, the group said: "Get this straight: you can NOT repent of a sin you actively live. Kim must leave that man who's not her husband."
On one hand, Westboro is known for picketing funerals of victims of mass shootings to deliver their argument that God is supposedly punishing America for accommodating homosexuality. On the other hand, the 49-year-old Davis refused to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples in her hometown of Morehead despite a US Supreme Court order and has since gone to jail on a civil contempt charge.
If you're shaking your head over the absurdity of the situation, don't worry as you're not alone. If politics makes strange bedfellows, it's no surprise that religion makes stranger… enemies?
Arguments being raised
Meanwhile, the proponents are getting all mixed-up, the arguments are also getting slightly heated. Slate writer Mark Joseph Stern thinks the Davis case is a gift to gay rights, given that Davis—an elected government official—broke the law instead of waiting for legislature to effect the change she wants. On the other hand, Ryan T. Anderson of the Washington-based conservative think tank Heritage Foundation thinks that Davis should be given some leeway like conscientious objectors in the military.
Currently, Davis is appealing the contempt of court ruling against her. But even as she does, her situation is shedding a light on which future battles will take place in the wake of the US Supreme Court decision on same-sex marriages.
With the tide now going against private citizens (through their businesses) and government employees (through tax-funded public services) who discriminate against gay couples, it might be slightly easy to see where the wind will blow as of the moment. But it's also a good reminder to note that though the battle was won with the high court decision, the war is far from over.
"Gay-hating Westboro Church protests Ky. clerk who denied same-sex marriages." Johnson, M. Alex. NBC News.
"Same-sex marriage opponents rally around Kentucky clerk's jailing." Felton, Ryan. The Guardian.
"Kim Davis appeals contempt of court ruling over same-sex marriage licenses." Payne, Ed. CNN.
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Great question, and I'm afraid I don't have any easy answers!
I assume you are asking about a situation in an apartment, as practicing in a detached house is rarely going to be a problem (unless you play trombone and like practicing with the windows open).
If one has options, choose your neighbors carefully. Are there other musicians in the building? Are there people in the building who are likely to be working from home? Will your neighbors mainly be young and working, or older and retired? Are there young children in the building?
Life is, of course, often about compromise. As musicians, sometimes our lives and schedules are a bit more flexible than people working in other industries. If your neighbor works nights but you like to practice in the morning, maybe you can think about adjusting your habits, since changing your practice routine is probably easier that your neighbor changing their job! Get to know your neighbors. If they like you, they'll be more likely to be understanding of your situation. Invite them to a performance. Let them know when you have something particularly important coming up.
Be considerate. If you're desperately cramming for a performance and you absolutely need to put in an hour of work at some crazy hour of the night, by all means use a practice mute! But also be aware of your rights. In some places, there are laws that protect the rights of musicians to practice in their homes between certain hours.
I guess ultimately the best advice I could give is to suggest you put yourself in your neighbors' shoes, and try to empathize with what might be an occasionally difficult situation for them. If you treat your neighbors with understanding and respect, they are much more likely to reciprocate.
Oh – and be sure to play really, really, really well – that will make everyone happy.