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Fukushima-58...9/5/13-9/23/13
Tepco's water clean-up program continues to be criticized. The company says all waste waters will be stripped of their radioactive isotopes by March, 2015, but some people have their doubts. Once the two ALPS systems for final activity removal are operating, it is anticipated that 1,500 tons per day will be purified except for relatively innocuous Tritium. By diluting the fully-purified waters to drop the Tritium level below national limits, Tepco hopes to be allowed disposal to the sea. But, doubts raised by the resent loss off 300 tons of wastewater from a storage tank and the worries of local fishermen over any releases to the sea place Tepco's plan in question. Un-named observers feel the company needs more credible plans. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130920_25.html Tepco President Naomi Hirose told PM Shinzo Abe that if "everything goes well", the purification of wastewaters can be completed in fiscal year 2014. The government says they will spend up to $150 million to insure that the ALPS system will do its job. The decontamination of waters in the turbine building basements cannot be completed until the in-flow of groundwater is stopped, but emptying the wastewater storage tanks will reduce the ongoing issue of possible tank leaks. http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0000633436
Critics believe data showing no radioactive contamination of the Pacific Ocean is flawed. Michio Aoyama, a senior researcher at Japan's Meteorological Research Institute, estimated that 30 billion Becquerels of radioactive Cesium and another 30 billion Becquerels of Strontium-90 leak into the outer ocean every day. He bases this on two assumptions. First, just because there are no detectible levels in the outer ocean samples routinely run, it does not mean there are not lower-than-detectible concentrations leaving the barricaded inner port. It only means that the actual radioactive levels are too low for monitoring equipment to measure, but Aoyama says some surely remains. Second, he estimates that 20% of the quay's water experiences daily replacement due to the shifting tide, and as the waters flow through the quay's silt fence it takes contamination with it. Aoyama also says that while radioactive decay necessarily drops activity over time, the levels in the quay have remained constant so there must be contamination coming into the inner port. Another un-named "expert" points to uncertainty with respect to the data, "Measurements could vary tenfold at the same site." An additional critic says the data itself cannot be trusted because "the analysis methods are outdated." http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ201309200053 (comment - Aoyama is an experienced chemist, but it seems he is completely naïve about the filtration of Cesium and Strontium by the soils and the entrained "silt" in the fence enclosing the quay opening. Any Tritium getting into the quay can easily pass through the silt fencing because the isotope is part of the water molecule itself. Assuming the rest of the materials also pass through the barrier at the same rate is necessarily flawed.)
The ruling Liberal Democratic Party of Japan is considering a takeover of F. Daiichi. LDP recovery committee head Tadamori Oshima says Tokyo should consider a takeover so that Tepco can fully focus on company business and Fukushima evacuee compensation. He also feels that removing F. Daiichi from Tepco will speed up decommissioning. Under the suggested plan, all Tepco employees at F. Daiichi would be transferred to a new company funded by the government. Critics are already attacking the idea because the new company might result in a confusion of responsibility. Oshima says there are other possible options such as forming a new government agency for decommissioning or creating an independent institution toward that end. http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20130922p2g00m0dm002000c.html
Tepco says it will delay filing for the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuke's restart. Company president Naomi Hirose has tried to get Niigata governor Hirohiko Izumida to approve the resumption of operation for K-K units #6&7, but Izumida has refused because Tepco did not brief the prefecture before announcing its plans. As a result, Tepco has been forced to delay the restart filing. Izumida welcomed the news and said Tepco has promised to better communicate their intentions. In an official statement, the governor suggested he would be willing to meet with Hirose and come to an agreeable decision. Operation of the K-K nuke station is critical to Tepco's plans for financial recovery. The combination of nuke accident recovery, compensation payments to Fukushima evacuees, and the high cost of fossil-fueled replacement power due to the nuclear moratorium have placed Tepco in financial jeopardy. Tepco is optimistic that they will eventually get the Niigata governor's support so they can pursue restarting the two K-K units. http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0000641143
The Industry Ministry wants any disposal of high-level radioactive waste to be retrievable. They believe irretrievable disposal at this point in time would be a mistake because a future technology will likely be created to better-handle the material. The ministry wants to bury high-level material 300 meters underground for successive 13-year periods, but strong public outcry has held them back. Critics want high-level waste permanently entombed deep in bedrock, but the Science Council of Japan says there are no locations in Japan that have seismic stability for the tens of thousands of years. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/japan.html
Japan's PM Shinzo Abe has asked that undamaged Fukushima Daiichi units #5&6 be decommissioned. His surprising request coincided with a visit to the nuke station to observe the wastewater contamination situation. Abe feels decommissioning the two fully-functional units will allow Tepco to concentrate their efforts on all problems stemming from the nuke accident. He also called for Tepco to set a firm deadline for complete purification of all wastewaters. Tepco's president Hirose responded that they will give full consideration to Abe's request for scrapping units #5&6, but stopped short of saying they would comply. Hirose added that Tepco's deadline for wastewater decontamination is March 2015. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130919_28.html -- http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/2013/1230730_5130.html
Typhoon Man-Yi forced the F. Daiichi staff to let 1,130 tons of waste water drain to the soil. Heavy rains from the typhoon filled many of the coffer dams around wastewater tank clusters to nearly-overflowing. Samples taken from seven of the dams showed total radioactivity below the governments limit for release – 30 Becquerels per liter – with the highest concentration being 24 Bq/liter. Plant staff opened the drains from the dams and allowed the water to flow onto and into the surrounding soil because it did not exceed limits. Since the wastewaters in the tanks have been stripped of their Cesium content, no Cesium releases have been anticipated. Tepco says some of the drained waters may have entered one of the two nearby drainage ditches, but there is no way of knowing if it actually occurred because of the deluge caused by the typhoon. Tepco says a sample taken from a puddle outside a coffer dam showed only 9 Bq/liter of total radioactivity, thus any of the very-low-level contamination that might have hypothetically reached a drainage ditch was in no way harmful. Most of the Japanese Press reported that Tepco's staff pumped the 1,130 tons directly into the ditches and the sea, but it seems these reports are unfounded. Water that needed to be removed from the 11 dams showing activity above the 30 Bq/liter limit was pumped to empty storage tanks. One of Tepco's sandbag barriers at the confluence of the two ditches was overwhelmed by the high flow of typhoon run-off, but the barrier was re-set less than two hours later when the flow of rainwater through the channel slowed. Tepco had drained the waters above the sandbag barrier before the typhoon hit, hoping to prevent failure. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130917_25.html -- http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ201309170057 -- http://jen.jiji.com/jc/eng?g=eco&k=2013091700036 -- http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/nu/fukushima-np/handouts/2013/images/handouts_130917_02-e.pdf
The Asahi Shimbun reports a new method to speed up establishing Strontium-90 activity samples. A team of Fukushima University and Japan's Atomic Energy Agency researchers have reduced the analytical time from several weeks to as short as 20 minutes. They say a new device can separate the Strontium from the "all Beta" isotopic group through the use of a Strontium-specific resin. The new method will not be as sensitive as the currently-used process, but will have a minimum detectability of 3 Becquerels per liter of water and 5 Bq/kg in soil. Team leader Yoshitaka Takagai said, "It is possible to choose the new or conventional method depending on the intended use. I hope our new method will be used widely." The team's research paper will be published online by the Royal Society of Chemistry. http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ201309190058
Fukushima's fisheries have ceased whitebait fishing due to concerns caused by news reports of Fukushima water leaks. Iwake City fishermen say they will postpone their whitebait catch until next spring. Their report on test catches show no radioactivity in most fish they have caught and below-limit levels in the rest. Regardless, all near-shore fishing has been ceased. The fisheries say they have decided to resume off-shore test catches on September 26. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/japan.html The decision was not because any of the catch is unsafe for consumers to eat. It is because there is little hope of selling the fish in enough markets to make a profit. The perception that the food might be radioactive is the root of the problem. The Nuclear Regulation Authority has recently decided to perform a detailed study of the situation covering a 1,000 square kilometer area off the Fukushima coastline. The NRA will also unify all independent efforts to study the situation. NRA Commissioner Kayoko Nakamura says this unity will provide data to the world that is easy to understand. NRA Chairman Shunichi Tanaka said the Press is "letting down the people of Fukushima" with its handling of the information." His words were echoed by Satoshi Nozaki, head of Fukushima's fishery cooperative, "We find it too hard to sell our catches due to the tainted image of Fukushima sea food." Japan's Fishery Agency also says that only 25 of the 1,000 species found in near-shore waters have radioactive levels above the national limit, compared to more than 50% two years ago. In addition, the recently-reported off-shore "hot spots" of Cesium in bottom mud are not in the water-itself, but are at depths below those that are habituated by food fish. These facts have gone unreported by the Press. http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2013/09/18/fukushima-watch-seeking-unified-view-on-contamination/
Japan's current reliance on fossil-fueled electricity causes constant concerns. With Sunday's routine closure of Oi unit #4, fears of even higher imported fuel costs and a possible power shortage this winter have emerged. While most electric customers have reduced their consumption, Yoshitaki Kimura, a local Oi businessman, worries that increased electricity costs and power-saving efforts will hurt his gas-station business. Across Japan, utilities are running fossil-fueled plants to compensate for the nuclear moratorium mandated by the government since 2011. Since April, 10 of these old units have have failed, already approaching the number of failures for all of 2012. Kepco has 32 such units, but could keep them all running for only seven days in August. Scheduled maintenance on the "thermal" units have been delayed or cancelled in order to meet customer demand. Most of the thermal units were intended as temporary replacement power sources during routine nuke plant shutdowns, but they were never intended to be a constant source of base-load electricity. http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0000617744 Japan's trade minister Toshimitsu Motegi says the government wants to reduce long-term reliance on nukes, but the country may not have enough reliable power for the future if it happens. Business and industry leaders feel reducing reliance on nukes is not a good idea, especially if fossil fuel prices (liquid natural gas and/or oil) from the Middle East go up. Also, there is no way of knowing how long the burdened fossil-fueled plants will continue to operate reliably. http://japandailypress.com/trade-minister-says-japanese-government-considering-lessening-nuclear-energy-dependence-1736058/
Japan told the IAEA that leakage from F. Daiichi to the sea is contained. At the International Atomic Energy Agency General Conference in Vienna, Science and Technology Minister Ichita Yamamoto told the international nuke watchdog that any pollution is inside the fully-barricaded 3-square-kilometer "quay" along the F. Daiichi shoreline. No contamination is going into the open sea. He added that all foods and drinking water in Japan are safe to consume. An Austrian participant said he feels Japan has a lot more work to do. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130917_08.html
Tepco's American consultant Lake Barrett says the waste water at Fukushima must eventually be released to the sea. However, he said the currently-stored waters must be stripped of their radioactive isotopes until the lowest possible levels are achieved. In addition, the Japanese public's trust must be regained. "They should start pumping as soon as practical," said Barrett, adding that the release must include groundwater too. "I believe in a matter of a few months ... early next year… water will be cleaned up and be ready to be discharged." However, once the wastewaters are sufficiently cleansed, regaining public trust will be difficult, Barrett says, "When TEPCO says: 'Trust me, this water is safe,' that's not enough." He feels it will take the input of international experts to turn the tide of public opinion. http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/japan-must-release-fukushima-water-into-sea-u-s-adviser?utm_campaign=jt_newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_source=jt_newsletter_2013-09-15_AM
The staff at F. Daiichi is taking extraordinary measures to handle powerful typhoon Man-yi. Torrential rains and high winds are hammering central and northern Honshu, Japan's main island, forcing as many as 400,000 people to evacuate their homes. In preparation, workers at Fukushima have weighed-down large cranes and tied down outdoor pumps and piping in an effort to weather the storm. Other pressing concerns focus on preventing the torrential rains from increasing the in-flow of water to the turbine building basements of the four damaged units, and removal of rainwater run-off from the wastewater storage tank complex further inland. Water has already overflowed some of the coffer dams around wastewater tank groups and is flowing into the nearby drainage ditch. A sample of the water in the ditch has 37 Becquerels of "all-Beta" activity per liter, far below the limit for releases to the sea. Tepco is also using temporary pumps to reduce the build-up throughout the tank complex and discharging the water into the station's drainage system. Since the detected activity is thousands of times lower than that found inside the wastewater tanks, Tepco is sure the contaminants are entirely due to the rainwater run-off. Due to the continual heavy downpour (over two inches per hour), the company has no choice but to allow the very-low-level radioactive run-off to continue flowing into the sea beyond the inner barricaded quay. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130916_13.html -- http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2013/09/246542.html
One Tepco official has said the wastewater situation at Fukushima Daiichi is not under control. Kazuhiko Yamashita, an Executive Fellow at the company, was "grilled" by opposition lawmakers about conditions at F. Daiichi until he reluctantly said, "I think the current situation is not under control." Immediately, the Japanese Press twisted his meaning and broadcast that he had contradicted PM Shinzo Abe's statement at the recent IOC meeting in Buenos Aires, where Japan was awarded the 2020 Games. Tepco's official response to the Press reports was, "It is our understanding that prime minister intended his statement 'the situation is under control' to mean that the impact of radioactive materials is limited to the area within the port of the power station...According to this understanding, we share the same views." Abe's Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga echoed the Tepco statement by explaining the PM meant the possible contamination "remains inside the port". Abe plans to visit F. Daiichi on Thursday in the hope of deflating the issue. http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20130914p2g00m0dm007000c.html -- http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/09/13/national/tepco-tech-chief-disputes-abes-under-control-assertion-2/#.UjRjRuvD8dU
The build-up of low-level wastes from Fukushima's residential decontamination effort continues. Of the more than 500,000 tons of wastes accumulated so far, some 150,000 tons has yet to be sent to approved storage locations and remain in open areas where the wastes were generated. The lack of enough storage sites is due to local residents fearing radiation and having suspicions that temporary sites will become permanent. Some local officials feel Tokyo should forge ahead with building storage facilities because once construction starts, local concerns greatly diminish. Of the 372 planned storage locations, only 139 have been built. 23 of the 36 communities involved have not yet allowed any site to be built. The municipality with the most radioactive waste yet to be stored is Nishigo with 40,000 tons, followed by Motomiya with 39,432 tons and Tamura with 17,800 tons. Iwaki city says they have more than 29,000 bags of material awaiting temporary storage. http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0000558331
The Nuclear Regulation Authority will conduct 600,000 seabed tests for radioactive Cesium. The agency feels the data will be critical in assessing long-term impacts on sea creatures. So far, the NRA has conducted about 200 tests of the sea bottom, but decided to expand their program due to the recent concerns caused by wastewater issues with F. Daiichi. The area to be tested will cover 1,000 square kilometers off the coast of the nuke station, extending 50km north and south, and 20km east and west. The NRA hopes to have the results compiled by the spring of 2014. An NRA official said, "If we can check where cesium is accumulated by comprehensively covering the seafloor that has yet to be surveyed, we can utilize the data to control contamination." The watchdog intends to use the data in the hopes of explaining the actual risks to the public and dispel rumors and unfounded concerns. http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0000600148
Japan is once again devoid of electricity from nukes. On Sunday, Oi unit #4 was shut down for routine maintenance and refueling. With unit #3's shutdown earlier this month, there are no longer any nukes operating. How long Japan will remain "nuke-less" is speculative because of slower-than-anticipated NRA processing of restart applications and local political opposition to some of the 12 nukes that applied for resumption. In Fukui Prefecture, home of the Oi units, local politicians are frustrated with the NRA for dragging out the restart process. Governor Issei Nishikawa says, "Safety is important, but if you waste time, that too has an effect on safety. The Fukui nuclear power plant sites have a long history and respond to risks. My position is therefore different from other prefectural governors [who oppose restarts]." Nationally, Japan's economy needs the nukes restarted since the cost of natural gas and oil imports to cover the political moratorium have skyrocketed since 2011. In 2012, fossil fuel imports were $32 billion greater than in 2010, and the increase this year is expected to top $38 billion. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/09/14/national/idling-of-oi-no-4-unit-to-again-halt-all-atomic-power/#.UjRTGevD8dU
About 8,000 people marched against nuke restarts in Tokyo on Sunday. The well-organized demonstration coincided with the shutdown of the last operating nuke unit in Japan at the Oi station. Chief organizer, Nobel Laureate Kenzaburo Oe, said "We want to keep telling what is happening at Fukushima even though everybody is talking about the Olympics. Let's hand down an environment in which children can live without fear." Writer Keiko Ochiai used the occasion to blast PM Shinzo Abe's statement that F. Daiichi is under control, "Can you say the situation is under control even though contaminated water keeps leaking?" A voluntary Fukushima evacuee, Katsumi Hasegawa, said "With the future of my children tainted, I have realized that radiation and human beings cannot coexist." http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20130915p2g00m0dm013000c.html Meanwhile, former PM Naoto Kan pleaded with Taiwan to not build any more nukes. At a Taipei antinuclear rally, Kan said, "Nuclear power is not cheap and [is] as a matter of fact quite risky. It takes a long time for radiation to decay. We should ask ourselves whether it is responsible to leave it for our children and grandchildren to take care of." Taiwan has a pending proposal before its legislature for a national nuclear referendum. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/09/15/national/kan-exhorts-taiwan-to-ditch-nuclear-power/#.UjW-G-vD8dU
Tokyo Electric Company has another American expert to consult on Fukushima issues. Lake Barrett, formerly with both the US Department of Energy during the Three Mile Island clean-up, has been asked to be part of Tepco's "Contaminated Water and Tank Countermeasures Headquarters." His experience with the TMI accident recovery should be invaluable to Tepco's mitigation of wastewater problems at F. Daiichi. Barrett will also provide input on the decommissioning of the four damaged units at the station. Tepco says there will be other international experts asked to assist them. http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/2013/1230443_5130.html -- http://japandailypress.com/us-nuclear-expert-to-serve-as-adviser-to-tepco-regarding-fukushima-crisis-1135716/ Barrett's first public statement after touring F. Daiichi calls for increased public communication. He pointed out that Tepco's current efforts to contain wastewater tank leaks are helping the situation. Barrett stressed that current efforts can be improved, and they should be. But, he feels there is no reason for concern about public health and safety. Because people are traumatized by reports of radioactive releases, Barrett calls on Tepco to improve its methods of communication in order to keep people from over-reacting. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130913_18.html
One groundwater sampling well inside the wastewater tank complex shows 130,000 Becquerels per liter of Tritium. The new reading on Friday was more than four times the level found on Monday. Japan's Tritium limit for open release is 60,000 Bq/liter, but only a very tiny amount of the water found in the groundwater sample might have seeped into the nearby drainage ditch. Tritium is the radioactive isotope of hydrogen having by-far the weakest Beta radiation of all reactor-produced materials. Regardless, one Japanese Newspaper (Japan Times) alleged that the ground under the tank complex is turning into a "radioactive swamp". http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130914_03.html -- http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/09/11/national/no-1-chief-pleased-with-olympics-bid-tritium-reading-doubles/#.UjGuc-vD8dU Meanwhile, the Japanese Press ignores the latest readings from the nearby drainage ditch – felt to be the most likely pathway for the Tritiated waters to reach the sea. Only only one location shows a level of "all Beta" emitters (2000 Bq/liter). While most of the Japanese Press is reporting the all-Beta as containing Strontium and Cesium isotopes, the data clearly shows there is no Cesium in the ditch's water, and there is still nothing detectable at the ditch's outlet to the sea. http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/nu/fukushima-np/f1/smp/2013/images/south_discharge_130913-1-e.pdf It should be noted that the most recent samples of seawater from F. Daiichi show nothing detectible. Both the NRA and Tepco results agree. http://radioactivity.nsr.go.jp/en/contents/8000/7306/24/289_k_0913.pdf -- http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/nu/fukushima-np/f1/smp/2013/images/seawater_130913-e.pdf
This morning, Tepco found that contaminated water is flowing into a recently-drained unit #2 equipment tunnel. The tunnel was drained because the company felt it has been the source of the groundwater contamination found in four nearby observation wells. (1T-3, 1T-4, 2T-1, and 2T-2 at this link-- http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/nu/fukushima-np/f1/smp/2013/images/around_rb_13091301-e.pdf ) 210 tons of water has been pumped out of the tunnel and discharged to the unit #2 turbine building basement. The water's removal was completed August 24th. Now, water is flowing back into the tunnel and the water level is rising at a rate of 8cm/day. http://jen.jiji.com/jc/eng?g=eco&k=2013091300314
A nuclear researcher claims groundwater contamination is entering the barricaded F. Daiichi quay. Head researcher at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Seiji Takeda, says Tritium in a few of the groundwater sampling wells and inside the quay suggests outflow is occurring. Takeda says Tritium moves with water and can be used to track water flow, and its levels on the sea-side of the four damaged units are greater than the inland, mountain-side groundwater. The specific wells of concern are located near an underground equipment tunnel known to have contained extremely high levels of contamination. Takeda feels the groundwater contamination came from seepage out of the tunnel. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130912_01.html
Japan's Federation of Electric Power Companies vows industry-wide support for Tepco with the current waste-water situation. Chair Makoto Yagi said, "We take the problem seriously. The whole industry should tackle it." Initially, the Federation will send 10 radiation experts and a variety of radioactive survey equipment to F. Daiichi. "We will consider additional support based on TEPCO's needs and depending on developments in the situation at the power plant," Yagi said. He added that he fully supports restarting nuclear plants so they can be a core of reliable future electricity supplies. http://jen.jiji.com/jc/eng?g=eco&k=2013091300823
Vietnam has lifted their radiation inspection requirements on Japanese food imports. Their Agricultural Ministry actually removed the restrictions on September 1. The reason for the delay in the announcement has not been reported. The ministry had required all foods from Japan to be checked for contamination, especially those from Fukushima, Ibaraki, and Tochigi Prefectures. Vietnam no longer considers the food checks necessary. http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2013/09/245643.html
South Korea says their ocean is free of Fukushima contamination. The peninsular country recently banned fish imports from 8 Japanese prefectures over the Fukushima leak reports in the press. The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries reports, "The result of an analysis of waters from six sea areas that was conducted jointly with the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission showed no traces of induced radioactive materials. The test confirmed that marine products produced from our waters are safe from radiation." This raises the possibility that S. Korea's recent ban on many of Japan's fisheries is intended to protect Korea's fishing businesses. http://japandailypress.com/south-korea-confirms-safety-of-waters-from-fukushima-radiation-contamination-1235784/
Only 60% of the F. Daiichi "advisory" evacuees have returned home. The advisory area stretched from the old 20km no-go zone out to a 30km radius from the nuke station. The evacuation advisory was lifted last March, but only 36,000 of the 60,000 people who were affected have taken advantage of the opportunity. Reasons for not going home vary. Some say they fear subsequent problems at the nuke will force them to leave again, while others say some hospitals and stores remain closed. Still others doubt they will be able to find jobs if they move back. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130912_40.html
Japan's antinukes object to the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo. Many critics purport that Japan's pursuit of the Olympic venue shows that Fukushima doesn't really matter to Tokyo's government. Others take issue with Prime Minister Abe saying the situation at F. Daiichi is under control. One web user Tweeted, "Are you thinking about the people of Fukushima!!" An alleged F. Daiichi worked also Tweeted, "Prime Minister Abe isn't a specialist in nuclear disasters, or a specialist in environmental impacts." Another person tweeted, "I promise that the Olympics will probably — no, definitely — have the worst possible impact on the Fukushima Daiichi decommissioning." On the other hand, the overwhelming majority of Japan's public is thrilled with getting the 2020 Olympics and feel the venue will result in greater international pressure to clean up Fukushima Prefecture and decommission the damaged nukes. http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2013/09/10/fukushima-watch-tokyo-olympics-victory-more-grief-for-fukushima/
The recent court decision to not indict Tepco and Tokyo officials over the nuclear accident has outraged the people that filed the criminal complaint. Lawyer Hiroyuki Kawai, representing more than 14,000 plaintiffs, said, "How can they say they conducted a thorough investigation when they did not carry out any raids on relevant offices? From the very beginning, it was not an investigation seeking indictments, but rather, one conducted so no indictments would be handed down." Journalist Soichiro Tawara supported Kawai by saying, "As long as there is the possibility that new evidence could emerge, such raids should have been carried out and a decision should only have been made after all the evidence was examined. It cannot be claimed a thorough investigation was conducted." Kawai also criticized the Fukushima prosecutors for transferring the case to Tokyo. He says a formal request for an inquest panel will be submitted in the hope of reversing the non-indictment decision. http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ201309100060
Former PM Naoto Kan says no nuclear plant is 100% safe. At a Press conference in Taiwan, Kan said the Fukushima accident brought him to that conclusion. He will tour a Taiwanese nuke today, then make make antinuclear speeches today and Saturday. Kan says he will also meet with Taipei Mayor-elect Eric Chu and Taipei Mayor Hau Long-bin. http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20130913p2g00m0dm040000c.html Kan's former party, the DPJ, has taken issue with PM Abe's claim that Fukushima is under control. DPJ Secretary General Akihiro Ohata said, "The prime minister must back up his claim that the (radioactive water) problem is under control. The government has a responsibility to explain this statement to the people of Fukushima Prefecture and indeed the entire country." He threatened to take the issue to the Diet (congress) if Abe cannot satisfactorily respond. The DPJ also says the NRA's "frozen wall" to stop groundwater contamination is "technically very difficult" and "If the contamination is widespread, then the (frozen soil) method cannot be used." http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20130913p2a00m0na017000c.html
There is no Fukushima contamination polluting the Pacific Ocean. This has been reported by Japan's Prime Minister and the Tokyo Electric Company. PM Shinzo Abe's statement about Japan's recent selection as the host country for the 2020 Olympics included a statement relative to the F. Daiichi contamination issue. He said, "The situation is under control." Abe added the contaminated water outflow from the nuke station has been "completely blocked" and worst-case radiation levels stand at less than one percent of the international standards. Further, the safety limits have kept Japan's food completely safe, "I can assure you that there have never been, and will never be health problems." http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20130908p2g00m0dm019000c.html Tepco has finally stated that no radioactive water has reached the Pacific Ocean. Company President Naomi Hirose said, "Judging from the results of our monitoring 3 kilometers offshore, there has been no impact on the waters or the wider ocean. We believe that the impact on the surrounding waters is limited to the area within the port of the power plant." [aside - as I have been reporting for more than a month.] http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2013/09/244878.html Critics have objected to the statements of both PM Abe and Tepco. One anonymous observer in Buenos Aires said, "His [Abe's] remarks don't convey the facts accurately." One Industry Ministry official said, "It is hard to tell what can be called as being 'under control,' but it is certain that you can't say the contaminated water has 'been completely blocked' in a technical sense." http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20130910p2a00m0na035000c.html
Tepco's most recent testing at F. Daiichi continues to show no contamination has entered the Pacific. The outlet of the suspect drainage ditch around the suspected leaky tank group continues to show no contamination in the seawater. It is interesting that a testing location upstream from the wastewater tank complex show detectible Cesium-137 and an "all Beta" reading of 110 Becquerels per liter. This location is in the direction of the mountains that rise just west of the station's property. http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/nu/fukushima-np/f1/smp/2013/images/south_discharge_130909-1-e.pdf In addition, the water from the observation well on the sea-side of units #1 & #2 that started the groundwater issue last month no longer shows any Cesium or "all Beta" (including Strontium) isotopic activity. However, it does continue to have relatively high Tritium, the radioactive isotope of Hydrogen, at 80,000 Bq/liter. Once again we find that Cesium and Strontium are not being carried by the groundwater, but Tritium is. Tritium is the least-risky isotope produced by nuclear plants and is a naturally-occurring material present in all of the world's water. http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/nu/fukushima-np/f1/smp/2013/images/around_rb_13090902-e.pdf
Tokyo has extended the deadline for decontamination of towns near F. Daiichi. Seven of the eleven municipalities inside the mandated evacuation zone will not meet national standards by March of 2014, including parts of Minamisoma City, the towns of Kawamata, Namie, Tomioka and Futaba, and the villages of Iitate and Katsurao. The Environment Ministry says the work will continue through April of 2014, at least. The ministry says the reasons for the extended timetable are two-fold. First, there have been political delays if securing locations for the storage of contaminated soils and other debris. Second, getting approval to start decontamination from some of the local residents has been difficult. Junko Nakanishi of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology has called the plan overly optimistic and calls for increased measures to support evacuees while decontamination takes place. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130910_32.html
South Korea has banned all fish imports from 8 Japanese prefectures. The affected prefectures are Fukushima, Aomori, Ibaraki, Gunma, Miyagi, Iwate, Tochigi and Chiba- with Chiba the furthest from Fukushima Daiichi at 250 kilometers. South Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries says, "The measure comes as our people's concerns are growing over the fact that hundreds of tons of radiation contaminated water are leaked daily from the site of Japan's nuclear accident in Fukushima." Korea added that additional radiation tests must be supplied by Japan, and the ban will continueif "even a minuscule dose of radioactive material, such as cesium or iodine, is detected in any products from any other region of Japan…as the government concluded that it is unclear how the incident in Japan will progress in the future and that the information the Japanese government has provided so far is not enough to predict future developments." http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/09/06/national/south-korea-bans-fishery-imports-from-eight-prefectures-on-radiation-fears/#.UinZsOvD8dU Japan's response has been one of surprise and exasperation. Chief cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga said Japanese limits on contamination of food are the strictest in the world and shipments are always banned when tests show the limits are exceeded. He also ruled out any effects on the Pacific Ocean due to water contamination from F. Daiichi because the leaks are small and contained in the nukes station's port area. He added, "We hope that South Korea will act on scientific evidence." Each of the prefectures expressed surprise and concern when told of Korea's action. Chiba officials are bewildered as to why their fish exports have been included in the ban since Korea has not previously done anything like this to them. Two of the Prefectures banned by Korea are completely land-locked – Gunma and Tochigi. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130906_28.html The Japanese fisheries submitted a petition calling for Tokyo to stop all radioactive water leaks from F. Daiichi immediately. National fisheries head Hiroshi Kishi gave the petition to Industry Minister Motegi on Friday. Kishi cited the Korean ban on fish from eight Prefectures and urged the government to insure information is spread properly. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130906_32.html A Nuclear Regulatory Authority official says the reporting provided by the NRA thus far has been unsatisfactory. NRA Secretary Morimoto said providing accurate information on how F. Daiichi is affecting the sea is crucial. The NRA says there are no detectible radioactive substances have been found outside the F. Daiichi port. NRA Chair Shunichi Tanaka stated, "From what we can see from existing data… so far there is no meaningful effect" on the Pacific.http://radioactivity.nsr.go.jp/en/contents/8000/7274/24/278_k_0906.pdf (NRA seawater test results now available in English)
Is the current situation at F. Daiichi a disaster or a PR failure? Journalist Rowan Hooper says neither Tepco nor the Japanese government have succeeded in making sure information is communicated to the public clearly and openly. Hooper's interview with Dr. Gerry Thomas, who runs the Chernobyl Tissue Bank in England, is the focus of his piece. Thomas is totally dismissive of the health risks postulated by many voices in the Press. She said, "They've got a huge problem out there — largely a PR problem; it's not a health problem because none of this is going to do anything health-wise." For the full article, see… http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/09/07/national/fukushima-health-disaster-or-pr-fail/#.Uix7cevD8dU
The Tokyo Electric Co. has posted a detailed handout on the new "soundness" inspection of unit #4. This is the sixth integrity study since the building's ability to withstand another massive earthquake came into question. The most recent work was performed by Tepco consultants and two "outside" experts on building integrity – Katsumi Takiguchi of the Tokyo Institute of Technology and Kazuo Tamura of Chiba Institute of Technology. As with all previous studies, the inner Primary Containment which holds the now-infamous fifth-floor Spent Fuel Pool is clearly not tilting in any direction. The handout can be viewed here… http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/nu/fukushima-np/handouts/2013/images/handouts_130828_09-e.pdf
The Tokyo government moves closer to a take-over of Fukushima Daiichi. PM Shinzo Abe and Industry Minister Motegi approved a plan to combine the efforts of the government and Tepco to mitigate the contaminated water issue at the nuke station. They agreed the water contamination problems are too great for Tepco to tackle on their own. The decision was made at a joint meeting of the government's Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters and Nuclear Emergency Preparedness Council. $470 million will be appropriated for the project. $210 million will be financed with reserve funds out of the 2013 budget. $320 million will be used to design and install a frozen soil barrier around the four damaged unit's buildings. Installation is scheduled to begin in 2014. $150 million will be used to upgrade on-site equipment to remove radioactive material from the wastewater. Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga will head the panel to implement the plans. PM Abe said "The government will work on the front line to cope with the contaminated water problem, not relying solely on Tokyo Electric Power Co. We have compiled a set of basic policies to fundamentally solve the problem, not ad hoc measures." The panel also pointed out that Press reports of the Pacific being contaminated are incorrect. Industry Minister Tatsuya Shinkawa said most of the contamination is contained inside the station's inner break-wall (quay). The radioactivity outside the harbor is no different than levels occurring before the 2011 accident. "We are deeply sorry for causing an international stir over this contaminated water problem," Shinkawa said. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130903_25.html -- http://jen.jiji.com/jc/eng?g=eco&k=2013090300417 -- http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/09/03/national/japan-to-spend-47-billion-to-deal-with-water-crisis-at-fukushima-no-1/#.UiXSR-vD8dU
The Nuclear Regulatory Authority says the news media is giving the world a "misleading impression" about the situation at F. Daiichi. Chair Shunichi Tanaka scolded the Press, saying, "You should avoid the situation that Japan gets criticism from abroad because of misleading information." He added that some of Tepco's reports are not "scientifically acceptable" and contributes to the issue. He said the company's announcing high exposures for radioactive hotspots should be reported in levels of activity. Instead of using millisievert units, Tepco should be using Becquerels because, "It's like describing how much something weighs by using centimeters." Further, Tepco is reporting the levels of activity as if it is Gamma radiation, when it is actually Beta. Unlike Gamma, Beta radiation decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the source. The recent 2,200 mSv/hour reading reported by Tepco is measured at a point of near-contact with the source, but move out to 50 centimeters and the level drops to 40 mSv. Also unlike Gamma, Beta cannot penetrate clothing. In order to receive the exposures reported by Tepco, a person would have to be immersed naked into the contaminated water. Tanaka's call for a distinction between Gamma and Beta radiation has been confirmed by independent international experts. http://japandailypress.com/nra-chief-says-situation-at-fukushima-exaggerated-0535399/
Japan is being questioned about Fukushima in its bid for the 2020 Olympics. At the opening Press conference in Buenos Aires for the International Olympic Committee vote on Saturday, questions abounded about Fukushima and how it might affect the games, 250 kilometers away. Four of the six questions posed concerned Fukushima. Japan's bid president Tsunekazu Takeda told everyone there is nothing to worry about, but doubts remained common among the Press. Takeda said, "The radiation level is absolutely safe. The 35 million people living in Tokyo are living in normal conditions. There is no problem." He became increasingly exasperated as question after question focused on Fukushima. Taketa stressed, "There is no issue here. Not one person in Tokyo has been affected by this issue. Tokyo and Fukushima are almost 250 kilometers apart. We are quite remote from Fukushima. The water is safe and the level of radioactivity is absolutely safe. Our Prime Minister (Shinzo) Abe has officially announced that the government will be responsible for the project (clearing up Fukushima). I am not worried about the Tokyo 2020 bid." British and American journalists charged Taketa with avoiding the issue by focusing on conditions in Tokyo. Meanwhile, an Argentine TV station said the questions were sufficiently answered. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130905_09.html -- http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/09/05/national/leader-of-tokyo-bid-for-olympics-dodges-reporters-radiation-questions/#.UihpAOvD8dU
Tepco's continual posting of new wastewater tank radiation levels at F. Daiichi makes daily headlines. The newest tank reading is the highest yet at 2,200 millisieverts per hour of Beta activity. The NRA says there is no evidence of leakage from this tank. However, this does not stop some people from speculating. Hiroaki Koide of Kyoto University said, "There's a strong possibility these tanks also leaked, or had leaked previously. We have to worry about the impact on nearby groundwater…These tanks are not sturdy and have been a problem since they were constructed two years ago. The government has finally said they will be involved in this problem but they are still not going to be fully involved in the decommission (sic). It is too little, too late." http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/record-radiation-readings-seen-near-fukushima-water-tanks
Tepco has found water flowing into the unit #1 turbine building via an underground cabling tunnel. The company drilled a hole in a floor of the turbine building and lowered a video camera into the basement. The camera revealed a groundwater influx at a junction of the basement wall and piping. Tepco will continue the video investigation. They are concerned that there are more leaks yet to be found among the turbine basements of the four damaged units. Tepco does not want to raise the internal water levels above the outside groundwater to be sure that no contaminated liquid will flow out of the buildings. http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ201309050051
The Industry Ministry will begin testing their frozen artificial wall project at F. Daiichi in mid-October. They plan to drive steel pipes 30 meters into the earth to the mountain side of unit #4, in a 10-by-10 meter array. Liquid calcium chloride will be pumped into the pipes and, theoretically, freeze the soil solid. The test will see if the wall stops groundwater flow. The ministry hopes to finish the test by next March and, if successful, complete the 1.4 kilometer-long wall by March, 2015. The test is expected to cost the government $13 million. http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20130905_04.html
The Nuclear Regulatory Authority says mildly-radioactive wastewater will eventually have to be released to the sea. NRA Chair Shunichi Tanaka said the storage of contaminated water at F. Daiichi cannot continue indefinitely. He stated, "I'm afraid that it is unavoidable to dump or release the water into the sea" after it is purified to levels recognized as safe under international standards. Tanaka added that the situation at the nuke station changes daily, posing various levels of risk in the process. Tanaka also said, "The accident has yet to be settled down." http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/nra-says-tainted-water-may-have-to-be-released-into-ocean
World Nuclear News has posted an article; "Fear and Fukushima". It is a summation of messages from international radiation experts sent to the Japanese people explaining the health impacts of the Fukushima accident. Unfortunately, it seems none of Japan's Press outlets have seen fit to report on it. Regardless, perhaps the most significant message comes from Imperial College's Gerry Thomas, "Worrying about what might happen can have a very bad effect on quality of life, and can lead to stress-related illnesses. All scientific evidence suggests that no-one is likely to suffer damage from the radiation from Fukushima itself, but concern over what it might do could cause significant psychological problems. It is therefore important to understand that the risk to health from radiation from Fukushima is negligible, and that undue concern over any possible health effects could be much worse than the radiation itself." Russian Chernobyl expert Mikhail Balonov adds that through "Only an open information policy on the level of the effects, the media and the science community will create the trust needed to heal... and prevent negative socio-economic effects from unwarranted anxiety and fear." http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Fear_and_Fukushima_0309131.html
A citizen's group from Fukushima Prefecture has filed a criminal complaint over the contaminated wastewater at F. Daiichi. Fukushima's public prosecutors and say they will consider it. 32 Tepco executives are named as accomplices to the contaminated water leaks that have recently come to light. The group charges that Tepco failed to follow a government request to install water shields, and neglected to monitor the condition of radioactive water storage tanks. Group leader Ruiko Muto said, "We want TEPCO to recognize its criminality." Three group leaders filed the complaint on behalf of their 14,000 person membership. The group already has a complaint on file over the nuclear accident in March, 2011, which charges the utility, its executives and the government as criminally responsible for causing the crisis. http://jen.jiji.com/jc/eng?g=eco&k=2013090300467 -- http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20130903p2g00m0dm054000c.html


text:
Michael E. Mann, PhD Biography
Professor in the Departments of Meteorology and Geosciences at Pennsylvania State University
Pro to the question "Is Human Activity Primarily Responsible for Global Climate Change?"
"[T]he scientific case for human-caused climate change is clear. The evidence includes independent assessments of thermometer records documenting the degree and extent of modern warming. It includes the unprecedented melting of glaciers and, as documented in more recent years, the diminution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet. As a consequence of melting ice and warming oceans, the global sea level is rising and at an accelerating rate. Continental drought is becoming more pronounced in many extratropical regions, such as the deserts of the U.S. Southwest, and there is an increase in the destructive potential of Atlantic hurricanes that influence the east and Gulf coasts. Theoretical climate models predict these things to happen, but only when human influences – in particular, increasing greenhouse gas concentrations due to fossil fuel burning—are included.
Those same models project far more profound and potentially damaging impacts of climate change if action is not taken to stabilize greenhouse gas levels this next decade…
Sadly, some who are opposed to taking action to combat the potential threat have engaged in a smear campaign that appears intended to distract the public and policymakers from the reality of the threat as policymakers begin to consider taking more serious action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions."
"Science Supports Climate Change Claims – A Letter from Michael Mann," voicesweb.org, Feb. 10, 2010
Professor, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Meteorology, 2009-present
Guest Editor, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009-present
Director, Earth System Science Center (ESSC), Pennsylvania State University, 2005-present
Member, editorial advisory board, The Holocene, 2005-present
Member: American Meteorological Society; American Geophysical Union; European Geophysical Society; Geological Society of America; American Physical Society; American Association for the Advancement of Science
Reviewer: Nature, Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Geology, Climatic Change, Geophysical Research Letters, Journal of Climate, JGR-Oceans, JGR-Atmospheres, Paleoceanography, Climate Dynamics, Eos, International Journal of Climatology, and Water Resources Research
Associate Professor, Department of Meteorology and the Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, 2005-2009
Named one of 50 leading visionaries in science and technology, Scientific American, 2002
Assistant Professor, University of Virginia, Department of Environmental Sciences, 1999-2005
Research Assistant Professor, University of Massachusetts, Department of Geosciences, 1998-1999
Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Massachusetts, Department of Geosciences, 1997-1998
Alexander Hollaender Distinguished Postdoctoral Research Fellow (DOE), 1996-1998
PhD, Geology & Geophysics, Yale University, 1998
M.Phil., Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University, 1993
M.Phil., Department of Physics, Yale University, 1991
MS, Department of Physics, Yale University, 1991
AB, Applied Mathematics and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, 1989
Co-awarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize for involvement in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ProCon.org. (2010, June 11). Michael E. Mann, PhD. ProCon.org. https://climatechange.procon.org/source-biographies/michael-e-mann
ProCon.org, "Michael E. Mann, PhD," ProCon.org. last modified June 11, 2010. https://climatechange.procon.org/source-biographies/michael-e-mann/.
ProCon.org, "Michael E. Mann, PhD." ProCon.org. 11 June 2010, climatechange.procon.org/source-biographies/michael-e-mann
ProCon.org. "Michael E. Mann, PhD." ProCon.org. Last modified on June 11, 2010. Accessed January 21, 2022. https://climatechange.procon.org/source-biographies/michael-e-mann/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Gorgeous Room Divider Ideas from 53 of the Modest Room Divider Ideas collection is the most trending home decor this winter. This Room Divider Ideas look related to shoe rack, shoe storage, zapateras and sapateiras was carefully discovered by our home decoration and interior designers and defined as most wanted and expected this time of the year. This Affordable Room Divider Ideas will definitely fit into Home decor ideas and surprise anyone who is up for Latest Interior Design and Home decoration.


text:
package tlc2.tool;

import tla2sany.semantic.ASTConstants;
import tla2sany.semantic.OpDeclNode;
import tlc2.value.impl.IntValue;
import util.UniqueString;

public abstract class TLCStates {

	public static TLCState createDummyState() {
		return createDummyState(1);
	}

	public static TLCState createDummyState(final int numVars) {
		UniqueString.setVariableCount(numVars);

		// Create variable declarations (no values yet).
		final OpDeclNode[] variables = new OpDeclNode[numVars];
		for (int i = 0; i < numVars; i++) {
			UniqueString us = UniqueString.uniqueStringOf("v" + Integer.toString(i));
			us.setLoc(i);
			variables[i] = new OpDeclNode(us, ASTConstants.VariableDeclKind, 1, 0, null, null, null);
		}

		// Initialize the empty state (variable declarations are static/final per TLC
		// run).
		TLCStateMut.setVariables(variables);
		final TLCState state = TLCState.Empty.createEmpty();
		state.uid = 0;

		// Assign values to variables.
		for (int i = 0; i < numVars; i++) {
			state.bind(variables[i].getName(), IntValue.gen(i));
		}

		return state;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I run regular fitness classes using the latest equipment with a variety of concepts.
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I also offer training in small groups (eg up to 6 people) these work well for a small group of friends/family and I find these to be rewarding while giving great results not to mention your training your body and having Fun!
Physiotherapy plus much more for those who need it.
These sessions are conducted in a private studio area NOT in the main gym area for those of you that require total privacy.
No monthly subscription or gym membership required.


Your Hamilton motel accommodation at Aaron Court will have you in the centre of the city within a flash. For accommodation for couples, families and corporate travelers, we have something for everyone, in a convenient Hamilton location.
Hamilton is New Zealand's largest inland city, with a population of around 131,000 people. Kirikiriroa (meaning long stretch of gravel) is the city's Maori name. Hamilton is a university city and has a youthful population. Around half of the residents are under 30 years old.
The city's beautiful location by the Waikato River has been the main focus since the beginning. Set along the banks of New Zealand's longest river, Hamilton has become a major agricultural, educational and entertainment centre. Hamilton Airport, located just 15 km south of the CBD, allows stress free air travel to major destinations in New Zealand and several overseas destinations as well.
The Waikato University, Hamilton Gardens, the city centre's attractions, agricultural research and Hamilton's peaceful location in the heart of the Waikato, make it a popular destination for visitors and those seeking a quality lifestyle. The temperate climate, lush rural surroundings, variety of sporting activities and balanced lifestyle offer visitors a laid back, relaxing break.
Click here for the Hamilton City Council website.


text:
Q: If $T$ is linear and bounded and $T^{-1}$ exists and is also bounded then $\|T\|^{-1} \leq \|T^{-1}\|$
If $T$ is linear and bounded and $T^{-1}$ exists and is also bounded then $\|T\|^{-1} \leq \|T^{-1}\|$

Now, this has been proven here but I wonder if my proof is correct too:
$\|T\|^{-1} = \sup_{x\in X, x \neq 0}\frac{\|x\|_x}{\|Tx\|_y} = \sup_{x\in X, x \neq 0}\frac{\|T^{-1}(T(x))\|_x}{\|Tx\|_y} \leq \sup_{x\in X, x \neq 0}\frac{\|T^{-1}\|\|Tx\|_y}{\|Tx\|_y} = \|T^{-1}\|$
where I used the fact that for all linear bounded operators $S$ we have $\|Sx\|_y \leq \|S\|\|x\|_x$.
What worries me is that I don't know if $\| Tx\|_y$ is not zero (but I act as if I knew that). Is that correct?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Roderick KingsleyHobgoblin
fighting skills
Roderick Kingsley was a successful fashion designer and millionaire who had built his empire through underworld ties and unethical practices. One of his criminal associates, George Hill, had stumbled upon one of the secret lairs of the original Green Goblin. He relayed this information to Kingsley, who killed him to ensure the secret would remain hidden. Reading through Norman Osborn's journals and examining the various "goblin" paraphernalia and weaponry, Kingsley found himself enthralled with the idea of becoming a costumed criminal. Therefore he forged a new identity, with an altered costume as the Hobgoblin.
Using information he acquired from journals left behind by Norman Osborn, Kingsley intended to blackmail several key figures including J.Jonah Jameson and Osborn's son Harry. Inevitably, this drew him into conflict with Spider-Man, who Kingsley saw as only a nuisance and had only planned to deal with him in afterthought. After being beaten soundly by the web-slinger several times, Kingsley became obsessed with reproducing Osborn's original strength enhancing formula so he could deal with Spider-Man more effectively. Not wanting to suffer the insanity that plagued Norman Osborn as a result of exposure to formula, Kingsley decided to test it on a small time thug named Arnold "Lefty" Donovan. After exposing him to the formula, Kingsley had Donovan attack Spider-Man in the guise of the Hobgoblin. Kingsley monitored Donovan's vitals from afar, checking for anomalies. Spider-man defeated Donovan and unmasked him, but before he could compromise Kingsley's identity, he remote-controlled the goblin glider to crash, killing him.
Convinced that the test was a success, Kingsley immersed himself in the new formula and emerged with strength that surpassed even the original Green Goblin's. Sometime later Kingsley discovered that the reporter Ned Leeds had followed him to his lair and learned of his secret identity. Through hypnosis, Kingsley was able to brainwash Leeds into becoming a new Hobgoblin that Kingsley could manipulate from the shadows, particularly as a stand-in during negotiations with The Rose (Richard Fisk) in an elaborate plot to bring the Kingpin's empire down. To further protect his identity and deflect the attention of his enemies, Kingsley at one point framed Flash Thompson as the Hobgoblin. Thompson was arrested, only to be freed by Jack O' Lantern (Jason Philip Macendale). Macendale learned that Thompson was not the real Hobgoblin, which infuriated him. Thompson was subsequently exonerated.
Eventually, Hobgoblin and the Rose had a falling out, with the latter enlisting the Jack O'Lantern to dispatch the former. Hobgoblin defeated him, forcing Macendale to pursue an alternative method of destroying his enemy. As Kingsley had gone to great pains to convince everyone that Ned Leeds was the real Hobgoblin, it was Leeds that ultimately paid the price. Macendale had the mercenary called the Foreigner arrange an assassination of Leeds in his hotel room while on assignment overseas with Peter Parker. Kingpin then told Parker's alter-ego, Spider-Man that Leeds was the Hobgoblin, illustrating this fact with photos of the assassination, showing Leeds in full Hobgoblin costume. Kingsley, satisfied that his identity had been protected and that the underworld believed the Hobgoblin dead, retired to Belize.
Macendale then took the opportunity to take up the mantle of what was then thought to be the "deceased" Hobgoblin. After his tenure as the Hobgoblin, and corruption into a demonic form (resulting in the emergence of the Demogoblin), Macendale was ultimately arrested. During his trial Macendale publicly revealed that Ned Leeds was the "original" Hobgoblin - even though no one, including Macendale, at that point knew that was not true at all.
The true Hobgoblin, Kingsley returned from retirement, his first act being to kill Macendale whom he deemed unworthy of his title. He then kidnapped Betty Brant as part of a trap for Spider-Man. However, during the battle, Kingsley's brother Daniel was captured and Kingsley was unmasked. Finally, the true and original Hobgoblin was revealed and Ned Leeds' name was cleared.
When Norman Osborn was revealed to be alive and well, the imprisoned Kingsley became furious at Osborn's denial of being the Green Goblin. He claimed the existence of a lost journal of Osborn's that proved that he was indeed the Green Goblin. Osborn had Kingsley broken out of prison and provided him with new Hobgoblin equipment while a mysterious new Green Goblin (a genetic construct created by Osborn) kidnapped Daniel Kingsley, the only person who supposedly knew where the last journal was. After capturing both Daniel and Spider-Man, the two Goblins returned to Osborn who revealed the truth – that he knew there was no other journal and he had bought Kingsley's empire out from under him. Infuriated, Hobgoblin attacked and a climatic battle between both Goblins and Osborn ensued. Spider-Man was able to take Daniel to safety as the entire building began to collapse and burn down. All three villains escaped, and although Osborn believed himself to be victorious, Kingsley had safely stowed away several millions of dollars in various overseas accounts. He then quietly retired to the Caribbean.
College educated
Known to authorities
Daniel Kingsley (brother)


text:
January 11, 2017 January 11, 2017 IRISLeave a comment
Quebec: Room for improvement in economic outcomes for immigrants
The BBC once told the story of Wang Lai Ming, who decided to change his name to Terence King when he emigrated to New Zealand so it would be easier for him to find a job. It was a sad reminder that, in many countries, immigrants have trouble entering the job market because they face discrimination. And as we demonstrated in a study, Quebec is no different: inequalities persist between those who were born in Canada and those born elsewhere.
People born outside of Canada have a lower employment rate than those who were born in the country (72% vs 83%), their unemployment rate is roughly twice as high, and 43% work in a job for which they are overqualified (compared to only 29% in the total population). As a result, their median disposable income represents only 83% of that of those Canadian-born, and more of them work in low-paying jobs.
The numbers for immigrant women are even more appalling: 46% are overqualified for their work, and their median disposable income ($20,410 in 2013) is 89% of that of non-immigrant women, and only 60% of that of non-immigrant men.
Yet two thirds of people who emigrate to Quebec enter based on their qualifications and skills. They therefore have, for the most part, higher levels of education than the Canadian-born, and the majority are proficient in French.
The province's Liberal government has always portrayed itself as a champion of diversity and inclusion. However, in practice, immigrant outcomes have not improved in the last decade. Worse, recent cuts and austerity measures will surely further jeopardize their integration.
Decreasing newcomer opportunities for settlement and reception sessions by 25% and closing regional offices of the Ministry of Immigration, Diversity and Inclusion ― to save a mere $4.6 million ― can only hinder the society's capacity to properly receive immigrants. And let's not forget the cuts to community organizations that support immigrants.
To overcome the roadblocks newcomers confront in the course of their journey, and to end the systemic discrimination they face, efforts must be made to recognize academic qualifications and experience obtained abroad. Work placement and on-the-job training opportunities could also be expanded in private businesses.
The new Policy on immigration, participation, and inclusion promises it will align immigration with the needs of businesses, but there is no guarantee that this new approach will reduce inequality between immigrants and the Canadian-born.
Furthermore, both opposition party leaders, Jean-François Lisée at the Parti québécois and François Legault at the Coalition avenir Québec, have in the last few months implied that Quebec would receive fewer immigrants if their parties were in power, claiming newcomers do not contribute to the provincial economy and have a hard time integrating into the job market.
However, it seems desirable to not just maintain but increase current immigration numbers, even if only to help meet our future labour force requirements. Indeed, the Institut de la statistique du Québec projects that the demographic decline could be avoided and the aging of our population curbed if Quebec received 54,000 immigrants per year (the current target is 50,000).
Beyond these economic considerations, it's worth remembering that, behind immigration statistics and data, there are actual human beings seeking a better life and new opportunities. They can enrich their host society with their own special experiences so long as they are not treated like second-class citizens.
This is why the most important fight we must wage is the one against discrimination, which feeds into prejudice and racism. Establishing a Commission on Systemic Racism would certainly be a step in the right direction. The rejection which immigrants experience undeniably affects their economic integration adversely, but it especially slows down their integration into the social and political life of Quebec, undermining social cohesiveness.
Julia Posca is a researcher with IRIS, a Montreal-based progressive think tank.
CATEGORIES: Immigration, Quebec
• Recent Immigrants and the Crisis
• Quebec Values Charter: Bad Solution to the Wrong Problem
• Ontario Election Promises on Tuition Fees: Room for Improvement
• Québec's Economic Plan: Putting Jobs First?
• Economic Update in Quebec: Covering up a $1.5-billion surplus
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The species of tree has delightfully lobed leaves, which are similar to that of a Maple. The lobes of the leaves of Liquidambar Worplesdon are more deep and distinct than that of the species and emerge in spring a bright green colour.
The real attraction of this tree is displayed from September onwards, when it reveals lavish autumn colour. It begins with yellow at the very top of the tree, turning to orange, red and then a deep claret colour before it finally falls from the tree. Unusually this tree will often display this full range of colours on the tree all at the same time, from yellow at the top, right through to claret at the base; it is a simply stunning addition to any scheme.
The spiky cased fruit appear in autumn and can remain on the tree into winter time; this clone is unusual as it will bear fruit in British conditions, unlike the other varieties of Sweet Gum in production. This Sweet Gum also has a much less corky bark than the species. Liquidambar stryaciflua Worplesdon forms a regular pyramidal shape at maturity and as such it is important to retain its central leader to ensure the tree has a balanced crown.
This tree won the Award of Garden Merit in both 1987 and 2002 and it is hard to argue with these accolades, as this architectural is simply stunning. This tree will do well on most soils, preferring a moist, well drained soil; it will also tolerate slightly alkaline soil.
This large tree is a great choice for gardens and parks, offering fantastic architectural structure from its uniform shape and unrivalled autumn colour. This tree works well as a feature specimen tree as it really does deserve to steal the limelight in the autumn time.


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Superior Office Solutions has been serving Yakima and the Lower Valley since 2009. We are the authorized Muratec Dealer In Central Washington. We offer both new & used equipment, along with a variety of solutions to enhance your business.
Our success can be attributed to our employees. Every employee knows exactly what our customers expect of them and they are driven by the satisfaction they receive from meeting these expectations. Our high level of commitment to customer service is to provide our customers the finest quality and selection of new & used equipment, with flexible financing solutions and customer service that is second to none.
Our success is based on the belief that customer satisfaction is our best strategy.


To find the TILs for one or more of our tariffs, please enter your postcode below as the information will vary based on where you live. You do not need to provide any information other than your postcode, but we would recommend that you use the filters to avoid being overloaded with information.
Our lines are open Monday to Friday, 9am - 8pm.


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[LETTER] YIKES! Fulton County, GA Pens Letter to Ban R. Kelly from Performing in Atlanta!
R. Kelly took a major "L" last month when it was revealed he allegedly has young women involved in a "sex cult" and is holding them against their will. We definitely took all of that with a serious pile of salt, but it seems Fulton County, the largest county in Georgia and where the majority of the City of Atlanta is located, is taking this allegation seriously.
FULTON COUNTY COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE HAS PENNED A LETTER REQUESTING R. KELLY BE BANNED FROM PERFORMING IN ATLANTA ALL TOGETHER!
jaimanuel249
via Fameolous
Fulton County of Atlanta bans R.Kelly for performing in their state over cult allegations. In a letter to music production company Live Nation, the board wrote that they don't want him to come to Atlanta and asked for them to cancel the concert.
Fulton County is not playing with R. Kelly at all! Honestly, we are not surprised they would pull a move like this. Unbeknownst to most people Atlanta has become the sex trafficking capital of the country and with these allegations Fulton County, and the State of Georgia as a whole, are taking this very seriously. A number of the young women in this alleged "sex cult" have come forward to say they have not been brainwashed nor are they being held against their will. Still though, there is Stockholme Syndrome to think about…
R. Kelly has delivered some of the biggest R&B hits in history, but he keeps finding himself in embroiled in these sexual scandals. Maybe it is time he just be Robert, settle down again, and focus on his children and doing music behind the scenes. He is a great producer, just look at what he did for Aaliyah–wait that was not the best example–no shade intended…
Written By: Michael "Hey Mikey" Fanning
Follow me on Twitter/IG @HeyMikeyATL
Related Topics:AtlantaAtlanta bloggerbannedcelebrity newscelebrity news bloggerFameolousFulton CountyFulton County Commissioner's OfficeGeorgialetterMichael J. FanningMikeyR Kellysex cult
No Lunch Break! Usher (@Usher) & Jermaine Dupri (@jermainedupri) Ignore Herpes-Related Questioning!
Stand By Your Man! Usher's Wife Believes Herpes Lawsuit is Fake!
WINNING! Viral BLM Activist & Author, Kimberly Latrice Jones, Strikes Overall Deal w/ Warner Bros. Television Group!
Music Video2 months ago


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BMW 3 series to return to the British Touring Car Championship
Words by Rob Hansford
West Surrey Racing have announced they will be running the BMW 3 series for their 2019 campaign for Team BMW and BMW Pirtek Racing.
The 3 series is the most successful model in BTCC history and WSR used the fifth generation 320si between 2007 and 2012.
The reigning champions will be fielding three 330i M Sport's for their drivers, Colin Turkington, Andrew Jordan and new signing, Tom Oliphant.
Team Principal, Dick Bennetts said: "We are really pleased to be bringing the BMW 3 Series back to the BTCC. We achieved a great deal of success with the fifth-generation model between 2007 and 2012, so we are hugely excited to see what the latest version is capable of."
"A lot of hard work and countless hours lie ahead, but we are all confident of turning this car into a winner and hopefully reinstating it in its rightful place – at the front of the field in Britain's premier motorsport series."
The 330i M Sport replaces the 125i M Sport which won two Driver's Championships for BMW as well as four Teams' Championships and three Manufacturer's titles.
Feature image credit: WSR-racing.com


I think i have found the fix for the PC Freeze Issues with the NVIDIA Drivers.
Game used to run fin with 383.53 but i downloaded both the 388.71.
nd Re-Install the APP) Steps on how to delete are at bottom .
Once you start the XBOX APP - Start the Gears of War 4 Game from the APP - Do not load the game from NVIDIA APP or Directly from the Start Menu.
Once you start the Game , go to Settings and turn off ASYNC COMPUTE. You can also leave it on but to be safe turn it off.
(I tried with both ASYNC Compute On and Off for 4 Days Now) Not a single crash?


Check out our new collection of SS19 girls designer clothing here at Kids Cavern. We've got a range of stunning new styles for the warmer season, from girls Gucci t-shirts and DSquared2 swimsuits, to Calvin Klein underwear and Moncler jackets.
Get ready for the spring with one of our gorgeous designer dresses from Oilily, Fendi, A Dee and I do, or relax with a pretty new tracksuit from Special Day or Lapin House. We've also got a variety of designer accessories to finish up the perfect outfit, including Trestelle headbands and Chloe headscarves.


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Martha Grahm, Charlie Chapin, Kurosawa ... this is just to name a few.
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Indiana attorney general won't be charged in alleged groping
By Editor October 24, 2018
A special prosecutor said Tuesday he will not charge Indiana Attorney General Curtis Hill with a crime even though he believes allegations from four women that Hill drunkenly groped them at a party in March. Attorneys for the lawmaker and legislative staffers who accuse Hill said the case isn't over because they plan to file a civil lawsuit against him.
Special prosecutor Daniel Sigler said he considered bringing misdemeanor battery charges against Hill, a Republican. But he said witnesses gave varying accounts of what happened in the crowded Indianapolis bar during a March 15 party celebrating the end of the legislative session, and it would be too difficult to prove the case.
"The setting of this lent itself to problems prosecuting," Sigler said at a news conference in Indianapolis. "It was in a bar. It was in the early morning hours. Free alcohol was being served and flowing."
Hill's private attorneys, James Voyles and Jennifer Lukemeyer, praised the prosecutor's decision not to bring criminal charges against Hill, who has repeatedly denied that he groped the women.
They said in a statement that the decision "exonerates and absolves Mr. Curtis Hill of any factual and legal criminal behavior."
Attorney Kimberly Jeselskis, who represents the four women, said a tort claim has been filed with the state of Indiana that is required before the state can be sued. She said the women intend to sue Hill, the state of Indiana and the attorney general's office and the claims they plan to pursue include assault, battery, defamation and false imprisonment.
Immediately after the prosecutor spoke, the women held a news conference in the same room with their attorneys to announce their planned civil suit. Three of the women — Democratic state Rep. Mara Candelaria Reardon; Niki DaSilva, a legislative assistant for the Indiana Senate Republican Caucus; and Gabrielle McLemore, the Indiana Senate Democrats' communications director — had previously come forward publicly.
The fourth woman, Samantha Lozano, a legislative assistant for Indiana House Democrats, said she decided Tuesday that it was time for her to join the others in publicly accusing Hill.
"This morning I decided that enough was enough," Lozano said. "Today we're taking a step forward to make sure that this does not happen again, and that these types of behaviors are not permitted in the workplace or anywhere else."
Sigler was appointed special prosecutor in July to determine whether Hill should face criminal charges. That came after a confidential legislative memo leaked to the media in July revealed the four women's allegations.
Candelaria Reardon said Hill leaned toward her, put his hand on her back, slid it down and grabbed her buttocks. The Munster lawmaker says she told Hill to "back off," but he approached again later in the night, put his hand on her back and said: "That skin. That back."
In his report on the investigation released Tuesday, Sigler said there was not sufficient evidence to prove beyond a reasonable doubt "that Hill's intent in the touching was rude, insolent or angry," as required for a battery conviction.
In the report, which includes interviews with 56 witnesses, Sigler noted that Hill didn't deny the touching occurred, but that he justified it as "incidental … in the crowded bar" and "not intended to be disrespectful, sexual in nature or rude."
Sigler said prosecuting Hill would be tough because several weeks passed before the allegations were raised.
"I did believe them," he told reporters. "Nonetheless, I decided I didn't think I could meet my burden" of proof.
Hill, who was elected to a four-year term in 2016, has rejected calls from Republican Gov. Eric Holcomb and legislative leaders to resign from his post as Indiana's chief law enforcement officer.
Holcomb issued a statement saying his position calling on Hill hasn't changed despite Sigler's findings.
"The findings show a disregard of the executive branch zero tolerance harassment policy. My position has not changed," the statement said.
Separately, Indiana Inspector General Lori Torres released her own 25-page report saying eyewitnesses told investigators that Hill's behavior at the party was inappropriate, "creepy" and made many of the women at the party uncomfortable but he didn't break any state ethics rules.
Indiana's constitution allows for a public official to be removed from office, "for crime, incapacity or negligence" either by "impeachment by the House of Representatives, to be tried by the Senate," or by a "joint resolution of the General Assembly" with two thirds voting in favor.
But there's debate whether that applies to Hill, because the attorney general — unlike the state auditor, treasurer and secretary — is not specifically listed as a "state officer" in the constitution.
The Legislature could impeach him "for any misdemeanor in office" under a different Indiana law. But that would likely require criminal charges or a conviction — a higher threshold than the "incapacity or negligence" standard in the constitution.
Legal observers have suggested that Hill could be removed from office if he is found to have violated the state court's code of professional conduct.
Hill will need to be nominated by the Republican Party at the state party convention before he can run for office again in 2020.
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Back in the 1990s, when I decided to go to the University of Michigan, one of the reasons I chose it over other schools I was considering was its racial diversity. I knew at the time, although I couldn't quite articulate why, that I wanted to spend my four college years among a diverse mix of classmates.
Those discussions were richer and more interesting when the group was diverse and you could see people confronting the limits of their own experience (mine included). For many people, college is a place to step out of your comfort zone and to be around people whose experiences and beliefs differ from yours--perhaps for the first time. It helped that Michigan was a large school that drew students from everywhere. For example, an average white kid from a rural small town might not have any racist or antigay tendencies but, before leaving home, may never have actually sat down and had a meaningful conversation with a black man, an Asian woman, or a lesbian.
For me, one eye-opener was being assigned a roommate who was more religious than anyone I had ever been close to before. I had to get used to her frequent outward demonstrations of her faith, and we had many conversations that helped me understand how her faith shaped almost everything she did--I had never talked to anyone so much about religion.
The conversation is enhanced when people in the room are coming from different places--including location, race, religion, sexual orientation, and economic background. If the class included a student who worked at the cafeteria to pay tuition as well as a student who went to Exeter, it would be a more robust discussion.
Research has shown that diverse teams outperform homogenous ones. This makes sense: Diverse team members bring different experiences they can draw from and different viewpoints they can use to frame an approach moving forward.
The University of Michigan aimed to raise the percentage of underrepresented minorities among its student population, and it succeeded. I benefited from having more than a "token" minority in each class. But that was before the school's affirmative action policies were challenged in Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger, and before the state of Michigan banned affirmative action in public education. Sometime in the next few months, the U.S. Supreme Court will decide whether that ban is constitutional.
Since I left Michigan, the enrollment of black students--a group that affirmative action targeted--has plummeted. Black students made up 8.9% of the student body in 1996 but only 4.8% in 2013. It saddens me to think that the people walking through the Diag at Michigan are noticeably less diverse than they were when I was a student--and that it may get even worse.
I understand the concerns of people who oppose affirmative action: that it's unfair to give underrepresented minorities "special" treatment. Leaving aside the fact that schools give special treatment for various other reasons--such as relation to alumni, which no one seems to be up in arms about--the point of affirmative action is to tip the scales into a balance that's good for the student body, not just to right historical wrongs.
The black population of the United States is about 13%, according to the 2012 census. But one of the best state schools in the country has only 4.8% black enrollment--what does that say? To some current students who want to see more underrepresented minorities at Michigan, it says that the school isn't doing enough. To me, it says the school has been hamstrung by limitations on how it can consider minority applications.
At the Supreme Court oral argument about the Michigan state ban last fall, Justice Sonia Sotomayor said the ban "was intended to bring back segregation, and appears to have done just that." Seven other states have similar affirmative action bans. And racial tension on college campuses is flaring up. I don't see this as moving forward.
I'm afraid anti-affirmative action sentiment is moving us in the direction of that tragedy. The University of Michigan wants to have a diverse mix of students on its campus and wants to allow multiple viewpoints to enhance students' learning experience. Let it.


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University of Cambridge > Talks.cam > Semiconductor Physics Group Seminars > Supercurrent and Josephson field-effect transistors go metal
Supercurrent and Josephson field-effect transistors go metal
Dr. Francesco Giazotto, NEST Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
Mott Seminar Room (531), Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics.
If you have a question about this talk, please contact Dr Kaveh Delfanazari.
In their original formulation of superconductivity, the London brothers predicted more than eighty years ago the exponential suppression of an electrostatic field inside a superconductor over the so-called London penetration depth, λL, in analogy to the Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect. Despite a few experiments indicating hints of perturbation induced by electrostatic fields, no clue has been provided so far on the possibility to manipulate conventional superconductors via field-effect. In this talk, I will report the evidence of full field-effect control of the supercurrent in all-metallic transistors made of different BCS superconducting thin films [1]. At low temperature, our field-effect transistors (FETs) show a monotonic decay of the critical current under increasing electrostatic field up to total quenching for gate voltage values as large as ±40V in titanium-based devices. This bipolar field effect persists up to ∼85% of the critical temperature (∼ 0.41K), and in the presence of sizable magnetic fields. A similar behavior, though less pronounced, was observed in aluminum thin film FETs [1]. A phenomenological theory accounts for our observations, and provides a description compatible with an electric field-induced non-local perturbation propagating deeply inside the superconducting film. In our interpretation, this affects the pairing potential, and quenches the supercurrent. Moreover, I will show the experimental realization of Ti-based Dayem bridge field-effect transistors (DB − FETs) [2, 3] able to control the Josephson critical current (IC) of the superconducting channel. Our easy fabrication process DB− FETs show symmetric full suppression of IC for an applied critical gate voltage as low as VGC  ±8V at temperatures reaching about the 85% of the record critical temperature 550mK for titanium. Our devices show extremely high values of transconductance (up to 15μA/V) and variations of Josephson kinetic inductance with gate voltage of two orders of magnitude. Finally, I will show the behavior of mesoscopic superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) Josephson field-effect transistors which will reveal as well the impact of intense electrostatic fields even on proximity metals. All this seems to suggest that the field effect is universal, i.e., it can affect either genuine or proximity fully-metallic superconductors. Besides shedding light on a key issue in physics, these results represent a groundbreaking asset for the realization of an all-metallic superconducting field-effect electronics and leading edge quantum information architectures based on Josephson FETs. Possible electronic and circuital schemes based on this all-metallic technology will be furthermore discussed. References [1] G. De Simoni, F. Paolucci, P. Solinas, E. Strambini, and F. Giazotto, Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 802 (2018). [2] F. Paolucci, G. De Simoni, E. Strambini, P. Solinas, and F. Giazotto, Nano Lett. 18, 4195 (2018). [3] F. Paolucci, G. De Simoni, P. Solinas, E. Strambini, N. Ligato, P. Virtanen, A. Braggio, and F. Giazotto, arXiv:1808.00353, to appear in Phys. Rev. Appl. (2019).
This talk is part of the Semiconductor Physics Group Seminars series.
All Cavendish Laboratory Seminars
CSIC Research Talk
Centre for Health Leadership and Enterprise
ME Seminar
Mott Seminar Room (531), Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics
School of Physical Sciences
Semiconductor Physics Group Seminars
Thin Film Magnetic Talks
CQIF Seminar BSS Internal Seminars Mapping the Heavens: radical scientific ideas that reveal the cosmos
The Enigma of Emotion Self-similarly expanding regions of phase change yield cavitational instabilities and model deep earthquakes Autism and Emotion: Perspectives from Affective Neuroscience, Psychophysiology, and Computer Vision. Art speak The Surprising Simplicity of Scattering Amplitudes What I saw last Winter


text:
Q: Are there array's identifiers in symbol table? I know that there are variables' names and functions' names in symbol table, but what about arrays? Are there arrays in symbol table?

A: An array can be just a regular variable: If you declare your array as a global variable (or a static variable) outside of any function definition like:
int myArray[256];

then yes, the name of the global variable is in the symbol table, as any global variable.
If you declare it in a function:
int myFunction(void) {
    int myArray[256];
    ...
}

Then, it reserves space on the stack of the current thread and it's treated as a local variable.
An array, in C, is just the constant address of the first element of a reserved space that can contain up to N elements of the same type.


This sweet girl was so easy to photograph, and I'm sure the hot Seattle summer air helped with that! I just loved her Ballard nursery, the colors of the whole house were a dream to photograph. Thanks for having me photograph your sweet baby girl!