text:
Q: attributeError("'_AssertRaisesContext' object has no attribute 'exception'",), I'm a beginner coding in python. I really don't understand what this error refers to. Any help will be greatly appreciated.
the code is supposed to calculate the taxes of people in a certain country as follows:
Yearly Income: 0 - 1000
Tax Rate: 0%
Yearly Income: 1,001 - 10,000
Tax Rate: 10%
Yearly Income: 10,001 - 20,200
Tax Rate: 15%
Yearly Income: 20,201 - 30,750
Tax Rate: 20%
Yearly Income: 30,751 - 50,000
Tax Rate: 25%
Yearly Income: Over 50,000
Tax Rate: 30%
my code:
def calculate_tax(pDict):
  if type(pDict) is dict:
    try:
      length = len(pDict)
      count = 0
      #decleration of new updated dictionary
      dict_list = {}
      while count<length:
        #calculate yearly tax
        #countdown of values in the dictionary until the last value
        totals = list(pDict.values())[count]
        totals = int(totals)
        names = list(pDict.keys())[count]
        #decleration of variable to store tax
        tTax = 0
        if totals < 1000:
          tTax = totals * 0
        elif totals > 1000 and totals<= 10000:
          tTax = 1000 * 0
          totals = totals - 1000
          tTax = tTax + totals * 0.1
        elif totals > 10000 and totals <=20200:
          tTax = 1000 * 0
          tTax = tTax + 9000 * 0.1
          totals=totals-10000
          tTax = tTax + totals * 0.15
        elif totals >20200 and totals <= 30750:
          tTax = 1000 * 0
          tTax = tTax + 9000 * 0.1
          tTax = tTax + 10200 * 0.15
          totals=totals-20200
          tTax = tTax + totals * 0.2
        elif totals>30750 and totals<=50000:
          tTax = 1000 * 0
          tTax = tTax + 9000 * 0.1
          tTax = tTax + 10200 * 0.15
          tTax = tTax + 10550 * 0.2
          totals=totals-30750
          tTax = tTax + totals * 0.25
        else:
          tTax = 1000 * 0
          tTax = tTax + 9000 * 0.1
          tTax = tTax + 10200 * 0.15
          tTax = tTax + 10550 * 0.2
          tTax = tTax + 19250 * 0.25
          totals=totals-50000
          tTax = tTax + totals * 0.3
        dict_list.setdefault(names,tTax)
        count = count + 1
      return dict_list
    except(attributeError,TypeError):
      raise ValueError('The provided input is not a dictionary')
  else:
    print("only dict type values allowed")

the code used to test if my code works:
from unittest import TestCase

    class CalculateTaxTests(TestCase):
      def test_it_calculates_tax_for_one_person(self):
        result = calculate_tax({"James": 20500})
        self.assertEqual(result, {"James": 2490.0}, msg="Should return {'James': 2490.0} for the input {'James': 20500}")

      def test_it_calculates_tax_for_several_people(self):
        income_input = {"James": 20500, "Mary": 500, "Evan": 70000}
        result = calculate_tax(income_input)
        self.assertEqual({"James": 2490.0, "Mary": 0, "Evan": 15352.5}, result,
          msg="Should return {} for the input {}".format(
                {"James": 2490.0, "Mary": 0, "Evan": 15352.5},
                {"James": 20500, "Mary": 500, "Evan": 70000}
          )
        )

      def test_it_does_not_accept_integers(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
          calculate_tax(1)
          self.assertEqual(
            "The provided input is not a dictionary.",
            context.exception.message, "Invalid input of type int not allowed"
          )

      def test_calculated_tax_is_a_float(self):
        result = calculate_tax({"Jane": 20500})
        self.assertIsInstance(
          calculate_tax({"Jane": 20500}), dict, msg="Should return a result of data type dict")
        self.assertIsInstance(result["Jane"], float, msg="Tax returned should be an float.")

      def test_it_returns_zero_tax_for_income_less_than_1000(self):
        result = calculate_tax({"Jake": 100})
        self.assertEqual(result, {"Jake": 0}, msg="Should return zero tax for incomes less than 1000")

      def test_it_throws_an_error_if_any_of_the_inputs_is_non_numeric(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError, msg='Allow only numeric input'):
          calculate_tax({"James": 2490.0, "Kiura": '200', "Kinuthia": 15352.5})

      def test_it_return_an_empty_dict_for_an_empty_dict_input(self):
        result = calculate_tax({})
        self.assertEqual(result, {}, msg='Should return an empty dict if the input was an empty dict')

Please help:-)

A: For reference, the complete exception message from the failing test is as follows:
ERROR: test_it_does_not_accept_integers (__main__.CalculateTaxTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "calculate_tax_test.py", line 27, in test_it_does_not_accept_integers
    context.exception.message, "Invalid input of type int not allowed"
AttributeError: '_AssertRaisesContext' object has no attribute 'exception'

The failing test is this:
      def test_it_does_not_accept_integers(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
          calculate_tax(1)
          self.assertEqual(
            "The provided input is not a dictionary.",
            context.exception.message, "Invalid input of type int not allowed"
          )

The problem is that the assertion after calculate_tax is in the wrong place.  If an exception is raised in calculate_tax, the assertion will be skipped.  If no exception is raised, the assertion will fail.  The assertion will therefore never pass.
The fix is to un-indent the assertion to move it out of the with statement.  For clarity I've also inserted a blank line:
      def test_it_does_not_accept_integers(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
          calculate_tax(1)

        self.assertEqual(
          "The provided input is not a dictionary.",
          context.exception.message, "Invalid input of type int not allowed"
        )

The with self.assertRaises(...) statement can catch an exception if one gets raised by the call to calculate_tax.  If this happens, the exception detail is then left in context, and your assertion would then be able to test whether the exception was as you expected.
However, even after making this change, the test still fails, because calculate_tax(1) doesn't raise a ValueError.  I'll leave it up to you to fix this.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


[:en]A joint venture between Tecna and Siemens has been awarded a contract by Argentina's National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) to supply the balance of plant (BOP) for the domestically-designed prototype CAREM-25 small integral reactor. The contract, signed on 3 August, was the outcome of a three-stage tender, launched in 2014. It covers the conventional island and the tertiary circuit, as well as the demineralization plant and the auxiliary boiler. Work is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2018, followed by trial operation ending in July 2019, and finally commercial operation.
CAREM (Central ARgentina de Elementos Modulares) is a 25MWe small pressurized water reactor designed and developed by Argentina. The prototype is under construction at a site adjacent to the Atucha NPP plant in Lima. First concrete was poured in February 2014, marking the official start of construction. At least 70% of the components and related services for CAREM-25 are to be sourced from Argentinian companies.
In a statement, CNEA said Argentina hopes to use CAREM to compete in the market for the supply of small modular reactors "in the near future". It said the contract represents an investment of ARS1,200m ($80m) and will create 400 jobs. The contract marks the return of Germany's Siemens as a nuclear supplier to the region, following its earlier participation in the construction of unit 1 at the Atucha NPP.


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text:
Vieillesse (en russe : Starost) est une nouvelle d'Anton Tchekhov, parue en 1885.

Historique
Vieillesse est initialement publiée dans la revue russe Les Éclats, , du , sous le pseudonyme A.Tchékhonté.

Résumé
L'architecte Ouzelkov, conseiller d'état actuel dans la table des rangs, revient pour son travail dans sa ville de naissance après dix-huit années d'absence.

Il demande au portier de l'hôtel des nouvelles de ses anciennes connaissances. Beaucoup ont disparu ou sont ruinées, seul l'avoué Chapkine semble être resté le même : il va le voir. Chapkine est heureux et lui raconte les détails du divorce entre la défunte  Ouzelkov et Ouzelkov.

Ouzelkov ayant quitté la ville, il avait mandaté Chapkine d'arranger son divorce aux torts de sa femme. Elle y avait consenti contre dix mille rouble alors qu'il avait prétendu quinze mille à Ouzelkov, puis elle avait sombré dans la débauche et l'alcool et était morte peu de temps après.

Chapkine emmène Ouzelkov sur sa tombe : il est ému, il voudrait pleurer :  Mais les larmes n'arrivent pas à sortir, elles sont bloquées par la vieillesse.

Notes et références

Édition française
 Vieillesse, traduit par Édouard Parayre, in Œuvres I, Paris, Éditions Gallimard,  , 1968 .

Nouvelle d'Anton Tchekhov
Nouvelle russe parue en 1885
Nouvelle publiée dans Les Éclats
Vieillesse dans la littérature

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


When we visited there a couple of years ago the church of 250 people were looking after 275 orphans - either as a result of AIDS, past loss of parents from the Coney and Peoples Army days which started around that region, or simply from rejection by their parents because they could not afford to keep them.
In the last 2 years they started building a kindergarten/primary school for the children such as these. The school started out in tin sheds and is building brick buildings as they can afford through donations - they are on their second or third building now out of a planned half dozen. It has grown quickly as no child is turned away.
They also run a sponsorship program for children in need (similar to World Vision etc) but over 95% of money gets to the children directly, unlike the 70-75% at international charities, and with higher benefits. It is called Life Charity Focus and is based in Budaka and in Nyngan central west NSW.
The children at the school and children of LCF are using the shirts.
The games are local as there is very little transport in the area to get children around. Feet is the go.


text:
The One with Playoffs on the Brain
April 15, 2016 by Jane Wu
Fun Fact of the Day: Yesterday, in the WNBA draft, the top 3 picks were all from the same school: UConn. That has never happened before in any major sport.
More Game 1 results are in! The first round of the Stanley Cup Playoffs continued yesterday! Here is your cheatsheet on what went down:
The Washington Capitals beat the Philadelphia Flyers (2-0), making this Caps goalie Braden Holtby's 3rd career shutout in the playoffs.
The N.Y. Islanders beat the Florida Panthers (5-4). Islanders goalie Thomas Greiss survived a shaky start to make 42 saves in his playoff debut.
The Dallas Stars trounced the Minnesota Wild (4-0), even without the Stars center Tyler Seguin, who is still recovering from an Achilles injury.
The San Jose Sharks beat the Los Angeles Kings (4-3). The Sharks dominated long stretches of play, but the Kings kept it close with 2 goals banked in off the Sharks' defense.
Baseball is in full swing. Here are your highlights:
Washington Nationals superstar Bryce Harper scored his first career grand slam and 100th home run to help beat the Atlanta Braves (6-2)! Whomp whomp. The Braves have now lost their first 9 games of the season.
After sweeping the Cinncinnati Reds, the Chicago Cubs have a 8-1 record and are off to the best start they've had in 47 years!
Philadelphia Phillies Vince Velasquez pitched a fantastic 16-strikeout game with 0 walks, bringing home a 3-0 victory against the San Diego Padres
A numbers game. Yesterday, the Tennessee Titans traded their #1 NFL draft pick to the to L.A. Rams. In exchange, the Rams gave up 4 picks in this year's draft and 2 picks in next year's draft. Are you sure about this? The Titans are hoping to build a deep team from the new talent pool. The Rams are really desperate for a quarterback. Now with the pick of the litter, they can choose between the top 2 QB prospects: either Cal's Jared Goff or North Dakota State's Carson Wentz. Which team made out like a bandit? Most people think that this was a great trade for the Titans because of the number of picks that the Rams had to give up. Plus the Rams are gambling that they will be able to select a franchise QB they can build the team around, when this is a relatively weak draft year. Only time will tell.
You're fired. The NBA's regular season just ended, so you know what that means… Coaches that didn't make the playoffs were told to pack their things and go. As rumored, Sacramento Kings coach George Karl was given his pink slip, as well as Washington Wizards coach Randy Wittman.
Want to fight it out? Now you can! The sport of MMA was legalized yesterday in New York—the last state in the U.S. where it was illegal. Yesterday's bill ended New York's nearly 20-year ban.
Spotlight on the '15-16 Warriors v. '95-96 Bulls Great Debate
Now that the Golden State Warriors have surpassed the '95-'96 Bulls record season, everyone and their mom is debating which team would win if they were to hypothetically play one another. Cue the smack talk. Two weeks ago, Scottie Pippen said that his '95-'96 Bulls would not only beat this year's Warriors but they would sweep them in a playoff series. Here's your cheatsheet on what know about the two teams:
Both teams had star power. The Warriors are led by Klay Thompson, Draymond Green, and reigning MVP Steph Curry. The Bulls had Scottie Pippen, Dennis Rodman, and #23 himself—Michael Jordan. The teams have one common denominator: Steve Kerr, who played for the Bulls and is now coaching the Warriors.
Who could really get those points? The Bulls scored fewer points a game: 105.2 versus the Warriors' 114.8. One reason for the difference is that the pace of the game has sped up over the past 20 years. The Bulls averaged 91.1 possessions a game versus the Warriors' 99.3 per game.
3 > 2. The other big shift in the game is that 3-pointers are much more popular now than they used to be. Both teams had similar 3-pt percentages: 40.3% for the Bulls and 41.5% for the Warriors, but this Warriors team attempted nearly double the number of 3-pt shots that the Bulls did.
Which team played better defense? This one probably goes to the Bulls. Jordan, Pippen, and Rodman were all first team defensive players. Rodman in particular was known for being a monster rebounder. Overall, the Bulls allowed only 92.9 points per game compared to the Warriors' 104.1.
So which one was better? Most people say that it all comes down to whether the Warriors can win the championship this year. The Bulls won the championship in their remarkable 72-game season, as well as the next 2 seasons. So some haters may even say that the Warriors need to not only win this championship, but the next one, too!
Want something to do every night for next several weeks? We have just the thing! It's NBA and NHL playoff season. Check out the links below for your weekend schedule.
The NBA playoffs start this weekend! Check here for the complete schedule of playoff games.
The Stanley Cup Playoffs continue this weekend! Check here for the complete schedule of playoff games. Need to fake a hockey conversation in a hurry? We've got you covered with our Stanley Cup Playoffs Survival Guide.
Have a great weekend Goalposters! We'll see you Monday!
April 15, 2016 /Jane Wu
UConn, Washington Capitals, Philadelphia Flyers, New York Islanders, Florida Panthers, Dallas Stars, Minnesota Wild, San Jose Sharks, Los Angeles Kings, Washington Nationals, Bryce Harper, Chicago Cubs, Vince Velasquez, Tennessee Titans, Los Angeles Rams, George Karl, Randy Wittman, Golden State Warriors, Chicago Bulls

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Earl David, brother of the king of Scots, has given and granted to Lindores Abbey in pure and perpetual alms the church of Conington, Hunts.
Bull of Pope Celestine III × Bull of Pope Innocent III (_Lind. Cart._, no. 94); see also Stringer, _Earl David_, 243.


Originally created as a London overspill town in 1948, today Basildon is one of Essex's best-known towns. Basildon is a popular choice of home for London commuters and benefits from good rail links to the capital. Road connections are good too - the A127 and A13 give good access to London and the M25.
Our independent price comparison engine can compare van hire prices in Basildon to help you find the cheapest van rental deal out there.
Basildon's relatively short history as a town begins in 1948, as a consequence of the New Towns Act of 1946, which sought to remove people from London housing that fell below the standards of the Housing Act. At the time, Basildon was a small village - the name Basildon is of Saxon origins and means Beorhtel's Hill. This reflects its age - as Berlesduna it was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.
The new town development plan resulted in it being combined with the towns of Lindon, Pitsea and Vange to form a new town. Substantial amounts of new housing were built and today Basildon is a well-established, mature town that's grown to be one of the largest in the region, with a population of over 100,000.
Basildon's diverse mixture of people has helped to make it a reliable indicator of political sentiment in the UK as a whole - since 1974, the MP for Basildon has always been of the same political party as the government.


Today's guest blog post is provided by Jack Schilling, part of the Iowa AmeriCorps 4-H Outreach program, serving with Water Rocks! in 2017-2018.
This month, AmeriCorps Service Members participated in AmeriCorps Week, a week dedicated to raising awareness and promoting AmeriCorps. As a great opportunity to promote the program I have been a part of for six months, I immediately set my sights on my way of promotion: a radio interview in my hometown of Jefferson.
The local radio station, Raccoon Valley Radio, was kind enough to do an interview with me about AmeriCorps at my request. I spoke about AmeriCorps, Water Rocks!, and what I enjoyed about both. I even got the chance to talk about why I joined AmeriCorps: I needed more time to figure out what I wanted to do in life, and AmeriCorps seemed like a great use of time in my gap year.
As glad as I am to have done my part in promoting AmeriCorps, I wish I could have done more to promote the program for the week. I planned on giving a presentation to my county's schools about AmeriCorps, but sadly their spring breaks were right over AmeriCorps Week! Nevertheless, I'm happy that I and the other AmeriCorps members were able to reach out and promote AmeriCorps to all who are looking for an opportunity just like this.
Today's guest blog post represents the opinion of AmeriCorps Service Member Jack Schilling, part of the Iowa AmeriCorps 4-H Outreach program, serving with Water Rocks! in 2017-2018.
It's been almost six months since I first started my service with Water Rocks! and Iowa State University. Throughout this time, I have traveled all over the state of Iowa for numerous outreach events, from Decorah to Council Bluffs, Sioux Center to Cedar Rapids. The bluffs and plains of Iowa offer some truly great views along the highways, but there is another sight that has become all-too-familiar to me: the sight of a small, rural, agricultural town along the way. My home town, Jefferson, was not much different than this when I was a child, but in the last few years gained new businesses, most notably a Hy-Vee and the Wild Rose Casino. However, many small towns do not get an opportunity like this and run the risk of fading away.
Rural areas on the decline is not a new concept: farm income plunged for three straight years since 2014, says Barbara Soderlin of the Omaha World Herald (American farm income to fall in 2018 according to USDA forecast). A combination of low prices and poor weather have made it rough for farmers trying to get by. Some made the tough decision to give up their family farms simply because it couldn't provide. And as farm family numbers shrink, so do the number of stores, hospitals, and other places of work. Even the factories, a partner with farms as the great job producers of Iowa's rural economy, will leave, searching for more workers. And as such, rural Iowa, the lands that we are known for, decay.
When you see the same circumstance time and time again, you truly want to help your state find a way to bring jobs, wealth, and prosperity back to how they used to be. And, in a way, it helps you realize why some decisions are made the way they are. At first, it may not make sense for a factory to get a tax credit. But, if they didn't have the tax incentive, the factory may not have been there in the first place. Bringing one part of the rural economy's life blood back is a good first step for the state. More jobs lead to more population in the towns, which leads to town necessities like stores, hospitals, and gas stations being built, which leads to more jobs and a better economy. Ideally, this leads to a revitalization of an entire area. But what of the farmers of the state? I can't give an answer to that.
The future of the Iowa farmer is uncertain. Price lulls, poor weather, and a disappearing rural community all factor in to the life blood of the rural economy. Ideally, the price of corn and soybeans will rise again, and the problem will solve itself, but the future lies at a crossroads. Does the small town/rural Iowa we know rebound and thrive again, or does it become the agricultural equivalent of the Rust Belt, a relic of a better time?
In case you missed it, this past week's Iowa Learning Farms webinar offered an excellent overview of the research findings related to the potential of winter cover crops to reduce nitrate leaching in corn and soybean cropping systems. Dr. Tom Kaspar, plant physiologist with the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, shared results from numerous studies that show the ability of cover crops to reduce nitrate concentrations and loads in tile drainage water.
The press headlines about nitrates and water quality are seemingly ubiquitous, and Kaspar provided solid data that help to paint a complete picture of the challenges and opportunities. Our land uses have changed dramatically, and over the past 60-70 years, our cropping systems have likewise changed dramatically with significant reductions in small grains, hay and perennial vegetation. With corn and soybeans having a 7-month brown gap when they are not actively uptaking nutrients, that leaves a significant amount of time with nutrients vulnerable to leaching.
However, Kaspar's research clearly demonstrates that cover crops help transition that brown gap to a green gap, providing the ability to "capture" nutrients in the soil that would otherwise be vulnerable to leaching loss. One of Kaspar's long-term research studies in central Iowa found that rye cover crops in a corn-soybean cropping system reduced nitrate concentrations in tile drainage water by 57%. Additional studies by Kaspar and collaborators around the state found nitrate reductions of anywhere from 20% to 40%. This variability is expected, with different amounts of cover crop growth, weather, rainfall, soil types, tile systems, and field histories.
Kaspar also pointed out that it takes quite some time for nitrate to move through the system – there is a noticeable lag effect. For instance, Kaspar and collaborators found that nitrate concentrations in subsurface tile drainage continued to decrease through the summer, long after spring cover crop termination.
Check out the full webinar, Lessons Learned from Using Cover Crops to Reduce Losses of Nitrate for 15 Years, on the Iowa Learning Farms webinar archives page. And to hear more perspectives from Dr. Kaspar, tune in to Episode 06 of the Conservation Chat podcast!
When it comes to monitoring water quality, there are quite a number of factors to consider: What are you monitoring for? How is land utilized within the targeted area? How, when, where, and for how long will water samples be collected? Under what flow conditions? The scale at which you monitor really makes a difference!
The plot scale is valuable for looking at the impacts of specific in-field management practices. Plot scale (or field-scale) monitoring is where most of the pollutant export and delivery data come from that informed the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy. Treatments can also be easily replicated on the plot scale. However, it's challenging to properly scale up plot-level measurements to the area of practice implementation to truly assess water quality impacts across landscapes and with multiple practices.
Monitoring on the watershed scale allows us to look at the collective impacts over a much larger land area. For instance, watershed-scale monitoring provides a broad picture of water quality challenges and aids in the identification of impaired waters. When monitoring on the watershed scale, measurements inherently include what's happening on the land (field scale practices), plus field-to-stream transport, plus in-stream processes (bed and bank processes). It certainly provides a comprehensive look the big picture, but you can't "sort" out the different contributions of what's happening in-field versus in-stream.
In between these two lies the delivery scale. Delivery scale monitoring occurs at the point where water is delivered to a creek or stream. For instance, with drainage research, this would be the point where the tile main surfaces and water empties into a stream. In a nutshell, the delivery scale reflects the direct water quality impacts from an agricultural area, minus the potential confounding effects of in-stream processes like bed and bank erosion. Here at the Iowa Learning Farms, we'd argue that this is truly a sweet spot for looking at the impacts of specific conservation practices.
You need to monitor at the delivery scale if you want to know specifically what the agricultural impacts are. That's exactly what we're striving towards with the Conservation Learning Labs project.
Within a small watershed area (several hundred acres), can we get a substantial percentage of producers adopting a conservation practice, like cover crops, and then measure corresponding water quality improvements at the delivery scale? Modeling suggests so, and this project will quantify what nutrient load reductions are actually realized thanks to large scale, targeted adoption of cover crops.
Cover crops were seeded for the first time in fall 2017 within our two Conservation Learning Labs project sites. Stay tuned for results as we look at the water quality (and soil health) impacts of substantial cover crop adoption on the delivery scale!
For Prairie City, IA farmer Gordon Wassenaar and tenant farmer Will Cannon, it's worth using no-till and cover crops on every single one of their 1300 acres of cropland. In a field day hosted by Iowa Learning Farms, Jasper Co. NRCS and SWCD, Wassenaar and Cannon shared their perspectives on cover crops and how they can be very successfully integrated into corn and soybean cropping systems.
Wassenaar, who has farmed for over 50 years, stated that he first got into cover crops for the purpose of protecting the soil from erosion. He started with cereal rye, broadcast seeded from an airplane.
As time has gone on, Wassenaar's reasons for using cover crops have evolved from simply erosion control, to improving the structure and functioning of the soil — raising soil organic matter, aggregate stability, and water holding capacity. Cannon commented that on top of that, another big benefit is feeding the biodiversity of the soil, like the beneficial mycorrhizal fungi, all while growing a healthy crop.
Timing and seed-soil contact are two big factors with establishing successful cover crop stands, and it's a balancing act between the two. Aerial broadcast seeding (or interseeding with a high clearance vehicle) allows for a larger window of time for fall growth, while drilling provides greater seed-soil contact. Today, Wassenaar and Cannon have moved to drilling all of their cover crops, ideally getting them in the ground 24 hours or less behind the combine.
When asked about the financial considerations of cover crops, Cannon responded, "We've got to be willing to be a little creative and inventive to make it work." And they certainly are.
Shop around for cover crop seed.
Compare prices with different cover crop seed houses in order to get the best bang for your buck. Wassenaar and Cannon are even considering growing their own cover crop seed down the road.
Aerial broadcast seeding and custom planting carry a significant cost. Cannon explained that they have moved to seeding all of their acres now with a drill, which has provided greater seed-soil contact, and thus improved the seeding efficiency in terms of the number of seeds that actually grow (they've subsequently optimized/reduced seeding rates accordingly). They are also saving dollars through the use of a smaller 120hp tractor and a cover crop drill that was bought used.
There are a lot of good programs out there that can help.
Take a look at the conservation programs and personnel on the federal, state, and local levels that can help out.
With years of experience implementing conservation practices of no-till and cover crops, Wassenaar reflected on how much the technology advances make conservation readily doable today.
Sign up today for new Master Conservationist program!
Interested in deepening your knowledge of Iowa's wildlife and plant communities, broadening your understanding of biodiversity, and connecting the dots between agriculture, natural resources, and conservation issues in our great state? Look no further than the newly revitalized Iowa Master Conservationist program, launching this next week!
Mount Pleasant will be hosting this pilot Master Conservationist program, running from October 5 – November 12, 2017. The newly refreshed Master Conservationist training program is being coordinated by Adam Janke, Iowa State University Extension Wildlife Specialist, in partnership with Henry Co. Extension and other local conservation personnel.
The revitalized Master Conservationist program features a hybrid flipped classroom format, including both weekly online lessons and face-to-face interactive meetings. Themes will cover a broad range of conservation topics pertinent here in the state of Iowa, ranging from conservation history, biodiversity, forests, prairies, and aquatic ecosystems, to bringing it all together in the watershed and effectively communicating conservation.
Each of the online modules will be led by ISU faculty and staff who are not just experts in their fields, but also highly engaging presenters. Participants will then meet in person weekly for the face-to-face training component, which will include interactive, hands-on activities and demonstrations led by local conservation enthusiasts, building and expanding upon that week's online training. With numerous parallels to the Master Gardener program, the Master Conservationist program weaves together both learning and service in the local community.
Don't delay – get signed up today to be a part of this exciting new pilot Master Conservationist program! Spaces are limited, in order to foster an intimate learning environment, and today is literally the deadline to get registered. The cost is $100 and includes course materials plus a meal and/or snack for each of the seven weeks of training. Contact the ISU Extension and Outreach Henry County Office today at 319-385-8126.
Considering the transition to rotational grazing? Wondering where exactly to start? Ruminate on the following tips and words of wisdom for getting started with rotational grazing, shared at an Iowa Learning Farms – Whiterock Conservancy joint field day this past week.
1. Build the system to what you can afford.
Infrastructure considerations up front include fencing, water lines, tank/waterer system, and mineral feeder.
2. Start with a system that's manageable for you.
Pat Corey, NRCS (tenant at Whiterock/rotational grazing guru) recommends starting with a 5-6 paddock system, in which the cattle are moved once per week. That gives each paddock a 30 day rest period before the cattle return.
3. Scale up when you're ready. Each initial paddock can be divided in half, resulting in a 10-12 paddock system, in which the cattle are moved every 4 days.
4. Be aware of herbicide residuals.
Always read and follow label directions, and be aware of grazing restrictions – some herbicides have up to an 18 month residual.
5. Integrate cover crops for an additional spring food source.
Let the rye grow big enough in the spring so there is good root structure in place to balance out compaction from the livestock. At Whiterock, cattle are out on the rye from approximately April 1 until May 15, providing an excellent supplemental food source in the spring months.
6. Try to maximize flexibility in the system!
It's all a learning process. Planning up front for the desired infrastructure, combined with active on-the-ground management, can yield a robust rotational grazing system, resulting in improved pasture productivity, reduced inputs, increased wildlife, benefits to soil health and water quality, and healthier herds overall.


A Spirit Airlines passenger had a disturbing in-flight outburst during a flight from Houston to Minneapolis on Monday.
Both passengers and flight staff attempted to calm her down before she was escorted off the plane by police.
After being grounded on the tarmac in Rochester, Minnesota for two hours because of an unrelated medical emergency, the plane eventually landed in Minneapolis.
After being diverted to Rochester, Minnesota for landing due to a different passenger having a medical emergency, a woman stood up and began to act "erratic" and "irate," the airline said in a statement to Business Insider.
A one-minute, 20-second video, taken by eyewitness passenger, Chianti Washington, shows a middle-aged woman of medium height and curly brown hair, pacing up and down the aisle, crying, yelling, gesticulating wildly, making threats and screaming expletives as flight attendants and other passengers attempted to calm her down.
"Get me the f*** off this (extended string of expletives) plane!" the woman is shown screaming.
The passenger was removed from the plane with the help of law enforcement, the airline said.
"Yesterday morning a flight from Houston to Minneapolis had to land in Rochester, Minnesota due to a Guest experiencing a medical emergency. On the ground in Rochester, another passenger became erratic and irate and was removed from the aircraft with the assistance of law enforcement," Steven Schuler, Director of Communications for Spirit Airlines, told Business Insider in a statement.
Before the woman was taken off the flight by police, the video shows a stranger seated near the back of the plane opening his arms to the woman, and she proceeds to fall into his lap, sobbing, as the man hugs and pats her shoulders in an attempt to calm her down.
This was not the smoothest flight for passengers and crew alike. The plane was on the ground in Rochester for two hours, as on top of the original medical emergency and a dramatic outburst by the woman, two other passengers were taken off the plane after getting into an argument with Spirit Airlines staff, according to a report from ABC13. Eventually, the plane landed in Minneapolis.


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George Miller talks evolution, creation of…
Things to doMovies
George Miller talks evolution, creation of 'Mad Max's' dystopian world
Jasin Boland – Warner Bros. Director GEORGE MILLER on the set of Warner Bros. Pictures' and Village Roadshow Pictures' action adventure "MAD MAX: FURY ROAD," a Warner Bros. Pictures release.
By Rob Lowman | rlowman@scng.com | Daily News
PUBLISHED: May 13, 2015 at 12:49 p.m. | UPDATED: August 28, 2017 at 6:51 a.m.
"Mad Max: Fury Road" has been rattling around in George Miller's head for a long time now, but it was never meant to be the intricate postapocalyptic world it has become. In fact, it originally wasn't even meant to be set in the future.
When the 70-year-old made the first movie in 1979, he just wanted to make a car-chase film. B-movie fast car/crazy crash-centric movies were fairly common in the late 1970s, including the dystopian future of "Death Race 2000" made in 1975.
Having grown up in a rural town in Australia, "The car — like in America — was a symbol of freedom," says Miller. "We had these big wide roads that seem to go on forever."
Though fascinated by movies all his life, Miller took an unusual route to filmmaking. He studied medicine, even completing his hospital residency. There, he encountered the other aspect of the open highway — "road trauma and autocide, as they call it."
Unlike the other films, which happen decades into the future, the original "Mad Max" was set slightly ahead, when law and order was beginning to break down after an energy crisis. "The budget was so low that I couldn't set it in the contemporary city," Miller says. "The story was quite hyperbolic. We could only use back streets and old decrepit buildings, which are cheap to hire. So by default it ended up being in the decaying future."
The film was reportedly made for less than a half-million dollars and grossed more than $100 million worldwide. The new film, "Fury Road," is said to cost $150 million. By the way, when "Mad Max" originally played in the U.S., practically everyone's voice, including Mel Gibson's, was dubbed to eliminate the Aussie accents.
Miller says he never intended "to make a second one, let alone the third and fourth." It was only when "Mad Max" became a hit that he began to wonder why it had so much resonance.
"The Japanese saw it as a samurai film. The French thought of it as a Western on wheels," says Miller. So when he made "The Road Warrior" in 1981, the apocalyptic world he created "was much more deliberate, more explicit. It was about the oil crisis and wars."
Since then, the filmmaker has seen "Mad Max" elements in music videos, video games, manga and animation, and, of course, other movies. Coming back to the story — "I was reluctant to let it go" — Miller has been able to go further both in the story and technically.
But he says it's still "real cars, real people in real deserts out there in the outback." Though there were some suggestions that "Fury Road" should use CGI, Miller resisted. "It doesn't defy the law of physics. There is no spacecraft. It would be crazy to do it as a green-screen movie."
In the "Mad Max" world, everything is repurposed. Even Max's face cage is an old pitchfork, while an electric guitarist's instrument makes heavy-metal war music and doubles as a flamethrower.
With lighter, smaller cameras, Miller and his crew were able to shoot in places and capture images he couldn't 30 years ago. New technology also allowed them to digitally erase wires and straps used during elaborate stunts, including a sequence on poles that's reminiscent of a Cirque du Soleil act.
Since audiences have gotten used to faster editing, the new film has more than 2,000 cuts, averaging 2 seconds and 9 frames — twice as many as "The Road Warrior."
Tom Hardy, who stars as Max, says when he was making the film, "There is no way I could fathom what I saw on the screen."
Miller is a real film student. When he talks he references car chases of the silent era, Alfred Hitchcock and quotes the film composer Bernard Herrmann: "Cinema is a mosaic art. It's all the little pieces that go together that make up the whole."
In "Fury Road," the McGuffin — Hitchcock's term for a device to move the plot along — are the five wives, and he felt it was necessary to have a female warrior like Furiosa handle it. In "The Road Warrior," Miller had a woman warrior character killed off to subvert the audience's expectations that she would become Max's lover, but he always wondered about a woman in that world.
Dressed in a leather jacket with a streak of blond in his hair, Miller may have some of Max in him, but he also carved out an eccentric film career. From dystopia, he eventually went on to produce "Babe" and direct "Babe: Pig in the City" and "Happy Feet." Some of the attraction was his fascination with technology: " 'Babe' was the beginning of the CGI and 'Happy Feet' was at the beginning of motion capture." The other part of the equation was he had kids at the time.
But since they have grown, he started thinking about Max again. In developing the "Fury Road" story, Miller and his screenwriters have two other possible scripts.
But the filmmaker says he isn't sure he has "the appetite or not to go back in the wasteland. I have other stories on hold that are going to compete for the time and space."
Rob Lowman | reporter
Rob Lowman began at the L.A. Daily News working in editing positions on the news side, including working on Page 1 the day the L.A. Riots began in 1992. In 1993, he made the move to features, and in 1995 became the Entertainment Editor for 15 years. He returned to writing full time in 2010. Throughout his career he has interviewed a wide range of celebrities in the arts. The list includes the likes of Denzel Washington and Clint Eastwood to Kristin Stewart and Emma Stone in Hollywood; classical figures like Yo Yo Ma and Gustavo Dudamel to pop stars like Norah Jones, Milly Cyrus and Madonna; and authors such as Joseph Heller, John Irving and Lee Child. Rob has covered theater, dance and the fine arts as well as reviewing film, TV and stage. He has also covered award shows and written news stories related to the entertainment business. A longtime resident of Santa Clarita, Rob is still working on his first more-than-30-year marriage, has three grown children (all with master's degrees) and five guitars.
rlowman@scng.com
Follow Rob Lowman	@roblowman1


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Former Vice President Joe Biden concluded a virtual fundraiser with Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren by slamming President Donald Trump's suggestion of an election delay, and warned that "This is going to be a tough road" to unseat Trump in November.
At a virtual event Friday night, Biden and Warren spoke for about 45 minutes, and answered questions from supporters. Toward the end of the event, the ex-VP referenced Trump's much-derided suggestion that Election Day be postponed due to the coronavirus.
"Remember, this president went so far to say what I warned he would say four months ago: He thinks maybe we should delay the election," Biden said, reminding supporters that in April he predicted Trump would try something like this, and was attacked by the Trump campaign for it.
"Be prepared. Be prepared," Biden told his supporters as he wound down. "This is going to be a tough road. So vote. Vote early. Convince your friends to vote. Volunteer to be poll workers. Volunteer to get engaged. Most of all, stay safe and stay healthy."
The event raised $1.7 million from over 50,000 donors, according to the Biden campaign.
After Trump's trial balloon was rejected with near-unanimity from every corner of the political and media world, Trump appeared to back off the suggestion — for now — by claiming he was simply trying to draw attention to his critiques of mail-in voting, which are false.
Watch the clip above via Joe Biden for President.
Donald TrumpElizabeth WarrenJoe Biden


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U.S. Soldier Acquitted In Afghan Detainee's Beating
9 September 2005 -- A U.S. military jury has acquitted a U.S. Army reserve soldier of charges in connection with the beating of an Afghan detainee who later died.
Sergeant Darin Broady was accused of aggravated assault, maltreatment, and making a false official statement.
The jury at Fort Bliss, Texas, acquitted him yesterday after a witness who earlier this week testified that he was present during the beating said she couldn't recall him hitting the man known as Habibullah, who later died.
Another U.S. soldier accused in the beating of the Afghan in 2002 was acquitted by a military jury on 7 September.


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Subscriber OnlyProperty
Which way are house prices heading? Depends on the data
Prospective homebuyers may be raring to go, but house price predictions can be misleading
Prices in Dublin, which had been declining, rose by 1.1% year-on-year, according to CSO figures, but prices outside of Dublin have risen by 4%
Joanne Hunt
Thu Apr 1 2021 - 06:00
With extraordinary events continuing to unfold, divining trends from the usual data is becoming problematic. With rolling lockdowns in play, meaningful comparisons between this year and last are fraught. You may need some help to read the runes.
Apples and oranges
The CSO's Residential Property Price Index published in March gives us a snapshot of where things stood at the start of this year. House prices rose 2.6 per cent in the 12 months to January, the data shows. There has been a world of change in that time period of course. Covid-19 has turned the property market and everything else upside down.
Lockdown compressed selling activity into the second half of last year. In fact, inverting usual patterns, estate agency Sherry FitzGerald experienced its strongest closing quarter of sales in a decade in the final three months of last year. With the prospect of a fresh lockdown fomenting throughout December, buyers were made even more decisive as the year closed.
Lockdowns have also further depleted the amount of stock for sale. There were approximately 29,100 recorded house sales between January and September last year – that's 25 per cent down on the previous year – according to the Central Statistics Office. Yet estate agents estimate there were an additional 18,000 to 20,000 transactions in the final quarter alone.
Trying to draw comparisons between the first quarter of this year and the same months last year when the property market was open will be like comparing apples and oranges. In the first quarter of 2020 the "bad Brexit" bogey man haunting the end of 2019 disappeared with sales momentum continuing right up until the shutdown in March. This year, however, estate agents have been shuttered thus far. Some buyers will be brave enough to buy based on a virtual viewing, but it's unlikely to be many.
Twin track
The pandemic has not only messed with the traditional property selling seasons, it is also impacting demand. Rural locations and high-end Dublin properties are benefiting. A shift in the preference of buyers can impact levels of price growth recorded by indices. This can make national averages less of a guideline for buyers.
In the capital, demand is outstripping supply for €1 million-plus homes. It's a mix of locals wanting more from their home and overseas buyers returning to Ireland realising they just want to be closer to home.
Concurrently, mirroring trends in the UK and the US, there is increasing interest in properties outside of the big cities. Across the water Cornwall has overtaken London as the most-searched location for UK movers on property website Rightmove. Here at home website Myhome.ie, owned by the Irish Times, reported that in September, property searches for cottages outside Dublin were stoking significant interest among visitors to the site with a four-fold increase in searches in Kerry. Searches in the Wild Atlantic Way counties of Mayo, Cork, Donegal and Galway trebled or doubled too.
Prices in Dublin, which had been declining, rose by 1.1 per cent year-on-year, according to CSO figures, but prices outside of Dublin have risen by 4 per cent.
Central Bank lending rules will have a more constraining effect on borrowers in the capital for sure, and there was still a lot of value to be had in the regions, but remote working ushered in by the pandemic is playing a role in demand too. Migrating workers are providing a shot in the arm for regional prices. As we enter a second year of working remotely, it's a practice that may be here to stay, at least in part.
So the headline figure of whether property prices have risen or fallen this year may well hide a mixed picture – not too much movement in Dublin apart from certain properties, but continuing rises elsewhere.
The number of people seeking mortgage approval provides another data point when trying to divine the market. But the pandemic could be having a skewing effect here too.
There were 43,151 mortgage approvals last year, according to the Banking and Payments Federation Ireland (BPFI). Almost half of them came in the last four months of the year. This buoyancy – at least in terms of approvals – has continued into this year, the federation says. Mortgage approvals in the first quarter of the year rocketed ahead by 24 per cent compared with the same period in 2020, figures show.
The pandemic has led to soul-searching. Couple this with the fact that households have accumulated record savings and it's no wonder some seeking mortgage approval may be just tyre-kicking – testing how much a bank would lend should they decide to trade up to a home with space for an office or flee to their fantasy remote working life in the country.
Mortgage approvals and mortgage draw-downs have always been two very different things, of course.
"Just because it is approved doesn't mean they are going to find a property and it doesn't mean they are going to transact," says Marian Finnegan, managing director of Sherry FitzGerald. Mortgage approvals may be an even less reliable indicator in this pandemic year.
Asking prices
Each data source you look at is based on a different stage of the buying process. Indices based on asking prices show us seller sentiment. But they don't show what buyers are willing to pay.
Annual asking-price inflation nationally rose 6.3 per cent in the fourth quarter of last year and 4.8 per cent in Dublin, according to a report from MyHome.ie published in January. The report bases its findings on newly listed properties, which it says are the most reliable indicator of future price trends.
With housebound home-buyers continuing to save, the disbursal of vaccines, impaired home-building, and banks seeking lending opportunities, "too much cash chasing too few homes can only push prices higher", the report predicts.
If you want data on what buyers are willing to pay, the Property Price Register, compiled by the Property Services Regulatory Authority, can shed some light, though the pandemic is playing a role in this data too.
The supply of existing homes coming to market has been falling by 10% a year for most of the last decade
The register includes the price of all residential properties purchased in Ireland as declared to Revenue for stamp duty purposes. Prices of new properties are shown exclusive of VAT.
There has always been a lag between when a house is sold and when it appears on the register. With the sales process further protracted by Covid-19, analysis of the gap or otherwise between an asking price and a selling price may take a little longer this year.
Disparities between asking and achieved prices may open up if there is an inflection point. If the speed of vaccination picks up pace, a return to more normal life, and to the office, may make dreams to move and work remotely recede. This may cool the rise in asking prices outside Dublin. Sellers of homes in desirable locations in the west of the country, for example, may do well to list and shift them sooner rather than later.
While prospective home-buyers, fuelled by savings, may be raring to go, finding a house this year may be the hard bit. Stock for sale was an issue before the pandemic and is exacerbated now. Whatever data emerges this year it may be based on lower volumes compared to the last year, making true year-on-year comparisons for some things tricky.
Based on data taken from property websites Daft and MyHome.ie, the number of homes available for sale in the State is now at its lowest in more than a decade. There were just 15,500 second-hand properties listed for sale in January this year. This is 24 per cent down on the same month last year – or 4,850 fewer properties.
The supply of existing homes – as opposed to new homes – coming to market has been falling by approximately 10 per cent a year for most of the last decade. However, the onset of coronavirus, which has disrupted sales and viewing activity, has accelerated this trend.
Disruptions to the residential construction sector in the first quarter of this year and the continued demand for new homes tells us that an imbalance between supply and demand will continue this year, according to the BPFI. Some first-time buyers approved to borrow may not find a property.
Comparisons are odious, the saying goes. When comparing property prices in one extraordinary pandemic year to another extraordinary pandemic year, prepare for the data, like everything else, to go a little bit haywire.
Central BankBanking And Payments Federation IrelandCentral Statistics OfficeProperty Services Regulatory Authority
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Irish high-flyer who sold Beyoncé and Jay-Z their Bel Air mansion moves to 'pinnacle' real-estate agency
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More than 45,000 homes stuck in planning system despite housing crisis, consultants say
Intercom set to sublet half of new Dublin HQ to US investment giant
Supreme Court to hear second appeal from Angela Kerins over 2014 PAC appearance
Arsenal looking to add third January signing with £60m bid for Brighton midfielder Moisés Caicedo
Novak Djokovic admits father scrutiny overshadowed semi-final win


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Slightly Foxed > Blog > Artists > Cover Art: Slightly Foxed Issue 4,…
Cover Art: Slightly Foxed Issue 4, Ronald Searle, 'Foxed throughout'
Reproduced by kind permission of the artist and The Sayle Literary Agency, and taken from the book Slightly Foxed – But Still Desirable: Ronald Searle's Wicked World of Book Collecting.
Slightly Foxed Issue 4 (Winter)
Famous People's Foxes
John Julius Norwich
John Julius Norwich, historian and former chairman of the Venice in Peril Fund, may well remember Chad, the star of Second World War graffiti, a perky chap sticking his nose over a wall and saying things like 'Wot, no sugar?'…
Cover Art: Slightly Foxed Issue 33, Andy Lovell, 'Creek'
For the last 20 years Andy Lovell has enjoyed a successful career as an illustrator. He has also had regular exhibitions of his printmaking, which has now become the main focus of his work. Drawing and painting from life form…
This woodcut by C. F. Tunnicliffe illustrated Slightly Foxed Editor Hazel's article on The Cherry TreeSF 54. Charles Frederick Tunnicliffe was born in Macclesfield in 1901. He grew up on a farm in Sutton around the wildlife which would later influence his work . . .
Cover Art: Slightly Foxed Issue 36, Angela Harding, 'Bringing Back the Tree'
Angela Harding is a painter and printmaker based in Wing, Rutland. She derives her inspiration from the flora and fauna of the British countryside and her work is executed in lino and vinyl, combined with paper-cut stencil and water-based silkscreen printing. She…


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Der Wahlbezirk Österreich unter der Enns 63 war ein Wahlkreis für die Wahlen zum Abgeordnetenhaus im österreichischen Kronland Österreich unter der Enns. Der Wahlbezirk wurde 1907 mit der Einführung der Reichsratswahlordnung geschaffen und bestand bis zum Zusammenbruch der Habsburgermonarchie.

Geschichte
Nachdem der Reichsrat im Herbst 1906 das allgemeine, gleiche, geheime und direkte Männerwahlrecht beschlossen hatte, wurde mit 26. Jänner 1907 die große Wahlrechtsreform durch Sanktionierung von Kaiser Franz Joseph I. gültig. Mit der neuen Reichsratswahlordnung schuf man insgesamt 516 Wahlbezirke, wobei mit Ausnahme Galiziens in jedem Wahlbezirk ein Abgeordneter im Zuge der Reichsratswahl gewählt wurde. Der Abgeordnete musst sich dabei im ersten Wahlgang oder in einer Stichwahl mit absoluter Mehrheit durchsetzen. Der Wahlkreis Österreich unter der Enns 63 umfasste die Gerichtsbezirke Melk, Mautern und Herzogenburg, wobei die zum Wahlbezirk 41 gehörenden Gemeinden Melk, Pöchlarn (beide Gerichtsbezirk Melk) und Herzogenburg vom Wahlbezirk ausgenommen waren.

Aus der Reichsratswahl 1907 ging Alois Lechner (Christlichsoziale Partei) als Sieger im ersten Wahlgang hervor. Er konnte 80 Prozent der Stimmen erreichen, während der Sozialdemokrat Johann Pölzer auf 19 Prozent kam. Bei der Reichsratswahl 1911 konnte Lechner sein Mandat erfolgreich verteidigen. Er setzte sich mit 72 Prozent erneut im ersten Wahlgang durch. Den zweiten Platz belegte wieder der Sozialdemokrat Pölzer, der 17 Prozent erreichte.

Wahlen

Reichsratswahl 1907
Die Reichsratswahl 1907 wurde am 14. Mai 1907 (erster Wahlgang) durchgeführt. Die Stichwahl entfiel auf Grund der absoluten Mehrheit von Alois Lechner im ersten Wahlgang.

Reichsratswahl 1911
Die Reichsratswahl 1911 wurde am 13. Juni 1911 (erster Wahlgang) durchgeführt. Die Stichwahl entfiel auf Grund der absoluten Mehrheit von Alois Lechner im ersten Wahlgang.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Fritz Freund: Das österreichische Abgeordnetenhaus. Ein biographisch-statistisches Handbuch, 1907–1913, XI. Legislaturperiode (XVIII Session). Wiener Verlag, Wien, Leipzig 1907.
 Fritz Freund: Das österreichische Abgeordnetenhaus. Ein biographisch-statistisches Handbuch, 1911–1917, XII. Legislaturperiode. Verlag Dr. Rudolf Ludwig, Wien 1911.
 Die Ergebnisse der Reichsratswahlen in den im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreichen und Ländern im Jahre 1907. In: Österreichische Statistik. LXXXIV. Band, 2. Heft, Wien 1908 (Herausgegeben von der k .k. Statistischen Zentralkommission), S. I. 7
 Die Ergebnisse der Reichsratswahlen in den im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreichen und Ländern im Jahre 1911. In: Österreichische Statistik. Neue Folge. 7. Band, 1. Heft, Wien 1912 (Herausgegeben von der k .k. Statistischen Zentralkommission), S. 26

Osterreich unter der Enns 63
Politik (Niederösterreich)


While I do like mustaches on men, I'm not a fan of the mustache trend. I don't really understand the trend of the finger mustache tattoo, but to each his/her own. However, I can get behind prostate cancer and men's health. So, I put some 'staches on my nails in celebration of No Shave November and the November Polish Days Event. The polish is Speciallita Hits No Olimpo in Hermes. It's a pretty nice holographic, but I didn't get a chance to photograph it outside.
Being from Texas, I have a soft spot for Clint Eastwood, cowboy boots, Southern accents, and of course football. Today, I included some cowboy inspired manicures I've done lately. I'm sure these won't be the last.
I used Layla Hologram Effect 02 Coral Glam with Konad plate s5 for this one. This plate is adorable!
This was with Zoya Tiffany with Cheeky plate CH34. It didn't turn out exactly how I liked it. It's hard to make out the cowboy on the horse. Instead, it looks like a houndstooth print.
I love the packaging of the Cheeky summer collection. It comes with a little card that can be used instead of the scraper for stamping nail art. I'll post some nail art from it soon!


"Agusto Cego" born Agostinho Depina in the northern part of the Island of Fogo in a small area called Bobosso.
He was born seeing, and at age four began to go blind. By the time he was 14, he was completely blind. Along the way he started to learn how to play music when he was 8 and started playing at parties and local happenings very young to help support the household. He began attending the church of Nazarene where he learned how to play many instruments.In addition,he has represented our country in many parts of the world. He is especially known for his extra abilities with the violins, including the ones he has invented. Today HE PLAYS OVER 17 INSTRUMENTS, HE IS A COMPOSER, A WRITER, A VOCALIST,AND AN INVENTOR OF STRING INSTRUMENTS.
He has two CD's to his credit, and the last one is titled "Borta Borta" his first titled Bobosso.