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Home 5 Questions for… Karen McNeil-Miller, President, Kate B. Reynolds Charitab...
Karen McNeil-Miller, President, Kate B. Reynolds Charitable Trust
They are communities which nurtured many of us and to which many of us return when we want to recharge and reconnect. The fact that they are rural and removed from the economic dynamism driving the revitalization of urban areas across the country also means they often lack the capital – financial and human – needed to improve the circumstances of people who call them home. That organized philanthropy, like much of corporate America, finds it relatively easy to overlook such communities further complicates the situation.
One foundation looking to change that dynamic is the Kate B. Reynolds Charitable Trust, a philanthropy established in 1946 by Kate Gertrude Bitting Reynolds, the wife of William Neal Reynolds, chairman of the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, to improve the health and wellness of low-income residents of North Carolina. In March, PND spoke with Karen McNeil-Miller, the trust's president, about Healthy Places North Carolina, a new place-based initiative focused on rural areas of the state.
Philanthropy News Digest: The Reynolds Charitable Trust has always supported efforts to improve the health of North Carolinians. What's new about Healthy Places NC?
Karen McNeil-Miller: Well, for us, almost everything. For instance, we're not leading with money, which is a huge thing. We're not going into these communities saying, "Here's our agenda, apply for a grant." We're going into these communities and, essentially, are trying to help them organize themselves. In a way, we're leading from behind instead of leading from in front. The trust is deferring its goals to the goals of the community; we want the community to determine what it needs or what it would like to change, and then we'll bring our resources to bear to help them achieve those goals.
PND: Beyond a lack of resources, what are some of the challenges unique to rural communities that you aim to address through the initiative?
KMM: Well, one of the things we want to address is the building of human capacity. These days, it's hard to get folks to move to rural communities, which means if you want to help these communities thrive, you have to build the leadership capacity of the people who are already there.
We also want to help them, where we can, with access to care. In so many rural communities, you may have a primary care physician or two, but hospitals and specialty care are much less common. So, through the initiative, we've been helping community-based organizations invest in tele-health infrastructure, whether it's tele-psychology, or tele-therapy, or even tele-osteopathic medicine.
Of course, one of the most plentiful assets in rural communities is land. So helping communities make the best use of their land assets, whether it's through building an amenity like a playground, or bike or walking trails, or any of the other things that make communities more livable and healthy, is something we're interested in.
What's harder to address is job creation. But if we can help local people see the connection between physical and mental health and economic health and help them build their capacity to partner with local government to create the kinds of amenities that help attract jobs and improve quality of life for everyone, that will be big. We want everybody to start thinking that health is their business, not just the purview of healthcare institutions. It's about broadening the conversation to people who don't normally see themselves in the health business, to people in law enforcement, to people in the educational system, to business and industry, and bringing them all together to talk about what they can do to make their community the healthiest community possible.
PND: You've awarded about $20 million in grants to projects in half a dozen counties. Can you give us an example of a project that has met or exceeded your expectations?
KMM: Sure. We're partnering with a national organization called KaBOOM! whose vision is an America in which every child has a playground within a mile of their home. Now the physical playground is important in and of itself, but it's not the only benefit of what KaBOOM! does. When KaBOOM! builds a playground in a community, it involves the community from the get-go, working with community members to decide where the playground should be, involving local kids in the design of the playground, requiring the community to generate some of the funds for playground construction, and enlisting community members in the actual building of the playground. A playground is the tangible result at the end of the process, and we see and know that those playgrounds are being used, not just by children but by parents and grandparents who are coming out with their children and grandchildren and building social capital with their neighbors and people they see around town but may not necessarily know or talk to. We're also seeing the tangible results of kids having a safe place to play in their neighborhoods and being more active.
Another example is communities adopting the Nurse-Family Partnership model, an intensive home-visitation program that works with first-time low-income moms starting at about the eighteenth week of pregnancy right up through the child's second birthday. Research on the model shows that moms in the program tend to delay their second pregnancy more than non-participants, that the birth weight of babies born to moms in the program is better, that the developmental milestones children need to meet are achieved on time, that more moms return to school, and that moms are in a better position to parent their children because they have a better understanding of the critical role they play in the development of their kids. So we're excited about those initiatives as well.
PND: You've announced that you plan to invest a total of $100 million in the Healthy Places initiative over the next decade. Does that mean you'll be expanding the number of communities involved, awarding follow-up grants to some or all of the projects that have already received grants, or both?
KMM: All three. We plan to expand the initiative to ten to twelve of the most economically and health distressed rural counties in North Carolina and expect to have all counties up and running by the end of 2017. Including what we've spent since 2014, it's going to be a $100 million, maybe even $150 million investment of our resources in programs, services, and capacity building that communities say they want. And we will continue to invest in all those communities over at least the next ten years.
PND: Are you open to collaborating with other funders from North Carolina, or even large national funders?
KMM: Absolutely. In fact, we're counting on that. We're counting on that because we don't have the resources to do it alone. So we're counting on local funders, we're counting on the state to join us as a funding partner, we're counting on regional funders, on national funders, we're counting on the communities themselves. We are looking to bring any and all like-minded institutions who want to help these rural communities lift themselves up and create better health outcomes for their residents. We want everybody at the table.
You know, one of the things we've learned about rural communities is that they tend to be tight knit. We can't just come in and expect people to defer to us. In many communities, the folks don't know who we are and don't particularly care who we are. We don't have the kind of credibility and name recognition that you might in a more urban setting that has lots of nonprofit infrastructure. That means we've got to build relationships, we've got to engage with people in a real, significant way; we've got to give them agency, give them a voice. Otherwise, we're just another group coming in to try to fix them. And, believe me, most of these communities don't see themselves as needing to be fixed.
– Mitch Nauffts
Subjects: community improvement / development; health; philanthropy / voluntarism
People: karen mcneil-miller; mitch nauffts
Organization: kate b. reynolds charitable trust
November 5, 2018	Kate B. Reynolds Charitable Trust to Focus on Measurable Outcomes
January 29, 2017	People in the News (1/29/17): Appointments and Promotions
May 6, 2016	Study Finds Stark Disparities in Coloradan's Mental Health
April 1, 2016	Public-Private Partnership to Strengthen Local Food Systems
July 30, 2015	Kate B. Reynolds Trust Launches $30 Million Early Childhood Initiative
May 10, 2015	People in the News (5/10/15): Appointments, Departures, Promotions
FEATURED 5 QUESTIONS FOR…
Jane Wales, Co-Founder/CEO, Global Philanthropy Forum
Does your organization use a diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) lens in its work?


Don�t forget to give yourself enough time � 12-16 weeks for a half/full if you have a solid base, longer if you don�t. Running coach Kindal ( runningwithstrength ) advised that you decide your training plan �bricks� � thats the tempo, long, speed etc that make up your training.... There is no guaranteed way to prevent charlie horses from occurring, but proper stretching before activities can certainly help. Try practicing a Yoga routine every morning when you wake up to fully stretch and prepare your muscles for the day ahead, and to give yourself a boost of healthy energy.
Do this on a calm day and give yourself plenty of time. Fold the cover into three and gently place on the horse�s back. Once he is used to this, move it up and down and unfold it so it covers him. Make sure you [...] Permalink. Gallery Introducing the Flying Horse Grooming Range. News, Products. Introducing the Flying Horse Grooming Range. Here at Flying Horse we pride ourselves on the... 7/05/2007�� A charley horse is a North American term for a painful contusion (bruise) of the quadriceps muscle of the anterior thigh that commonly results in a muscular hematoma and sometimes several weeks of pain and disability.
3 4. CONT'D "You remember how you always used to build a set to give yourself ideas" adds Marion. "Many happy returns, Charlie! " She kisses him.
It is essential to give yourself some space from all the horse show chaos; deep breathing allows an individual to achieve this solitude. Find an area that is quiet, maybe your trailer or even just the tack stall, and take a few cleansing breaths. Be mindful of how your breath travels and even close your eyes if you�d like. After these deep breaths, you should be ready to show.


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Q: Error: $rootScope:infdig Infinite $digest Loop on $locationChangeStart in AngularJS I am trying to create a session redirect if the user is not logged in. The code is working as I expected. However, when I take a look on the console, An error occurs (as in indicated in the title). I can not seem to fix this and I need some help.
var domainName = window.location.href;
var domainName = domainName.split("/");
var domainName = domainName[0] + "//" + domainName[2];

var app = angular.module("app", []);

app.run(run);

run.$inject = ["$window", "$rootScope", "$cookies"];

function run($window, $rootScope, $cookies){

    // Runs everytime the URL changes
    $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeStart', function(event, current, previous) {
        // If the user is not logged-in and is not trying to access the register or log-in, It will go back to the log-in page
        // if(!$cookies.get('user') && current != domainName+"/#/"){
        if(current != domainName+"/#/"){
            $window.location.href = domainName+"/#/";
        //  Create a scope that will remind the users regarding the session
        //  $rootScope.sessionError = "Please Enter Exam Code before taking the exam";
        }
    });
}

A: As the error message describes, you are facing an infinite loop.
When the event $locationChangeStart is fired you check the url and redirect to another page. When you redirect the url is changed again, firing the $locationChangeStart again and so on.
You need to find another way to validate if the user is logged or not.

I don't know if it's going to work, but try checking if current is different from previous.
$rootScope.$on('$locationChangeStart', function(event, current, previous) {
    if(current !== previous && current != domainName+"/#/"){
        $window.location.href = domainName+"/#/";
    }
});

I suggest you to use $location for changing the URL.
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David H. "DJ" Johnson, Ph.D.
"Why are you here?" That is the opening line of my novel Miss Alphie's Secret. It is a good question -- one that a lot professors might ask themselves. It is also a good question for students to ask themselves. "Why am I here?"
There are a lot of answers to that question, but perhaps the best is summed up in this saying: "If you want good answers, ask good questions. If you want great answers, ask great questions." As much as anything, I'm here to try to ask great questions and to help students find the tools to answer those questions.
So, I invite you to share in my exploration. In these pages, you will find information about my dissertation topic, other work that I have in progress at this time, my teaching philosophy, information about my past community and university service, a little mild bragging about awards I have received, a copy of my CV for those of you who just can't help yourselves, a brief discussion of my credentials, some wisdom (mostly not my own), a little tribute to my most faithful friend Doctor Nicodemus, and a peek at my friends and what we do for fun.
Come on in! The water's fine! Kick your shoes off. Have a cold beverage of your choice. Drink responsibly. Just say no. Thank you for NOT shopping at Wal-Mart. All Aboard!!!!!


Martin, L., Joffe, D., Richards, M.
Liston, D., Robbins, L., Rampersad, S., Martin, L., Richards, M.
Jonmarker, C., Chang, B., McAllister, D., Richards, M.
Non-invasive blood pressure in children. Is it good enough?
Ross, F, Latham G, Radman M, Richards M, Joffe D et al.
Hsieh, V. C., Thompson, D., Hunyady, A., Verma, S., Richards, M.
Dexmedetomidine as a postoperative sedative after congenital cardiac surgery--Consideration of the anesthetic management has an important role.
Cross-reactive CD8+ T-cell immunity between the pandemic H1N1-2009 and H1N1-1918 influenza A viruses.
Validation of statewide surveillance system data on central line-associated bloodstream infection in intensive care units in Australia.
Peroxisome deficiency causes a complex phenotype because of hepatic SREBP/Insig dysregulation associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Marantic endocarditis presenting as recurrent arterial embolisation.
A user assessment of a smaller hospital surveillance program.
Alteration of retinal rod outer segment membrane fluidity in a rat model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
Lipidomic analysis of the retina in a rat model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: alterations in docosahexaenoic acid content of phospholipid molecular species.
MRSA infections in smaller hospitals, Victoria, Australia.
An alternative scoring system to predict risk for surgical site infection complicating coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens in smaller hospitals.
Validation of coronary artery bypass graft surgical site infection surveillance data from a statewide surveillance system in Australia.
Surveillance of hospital-acquired infections in Australia--One Nation, Many States.
Quality of data reported to a smaller-hospital pilot surveillance program.
Implementation of a pilot surveillance program for smaller acute care hospitals.
Chikungunya virus infection in traveler to Australia.
Partial rescue of retinal function and sterol steady-state in a rat model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
Influenza vaccine coverage among health care workers in Victorian public hospitals.
Nationwide outbreak of red eye syndrome associated with transfusion of leukocyte-reduced red blood cell units.
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A profile of smaller hospitals: planning for a novel, statewide surveillance program, Victoria, Australia.
Light-induced exacerbation of retinal degeneration in a rat model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
Lipid hydroperoxide formation in the retina: correlation with retinal degeneration and light damage in a rat model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
Lipid differences in rod outer segment membranes of rats with P23H and S334ter opsin mutations.
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Disturbed cholesterol homeostasis in a peroxisome-deficient PEX2 knockout mouse model.
Effect of nurse staffing and antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters on the risk for bloodstream infections in intensive care units.


Different varieties of cancer, with more than 8 million deaths just in 2012, are among the main death causes of human being. More than 14 million cases were diagnosed world wide in 2012 and the number of newly diagnosed cases is anticipated to rise by 70% by 2030, if the treatment status is not improved. Merely in the EU, more than 2.6 million individuals were diagnosed with cancer and more than 1.2 million lost their life in 2012. Sweden stands for 55000 of the newly diagnosed cases. The economic burden of cancer related health cares is enormous. The EU expenditure upon cancer is more than 124 billion Euros every year which is equivalent to approximately 4% of its total health care expenses. Cancer costs Sweden 2.7 billion Euros per year which corresponds to 1% of its gross domestic products.


From the streets of Benaras, we bring to you the brocade fabric. So Indian, so ethnic that you would definitely want them to be a part of your wardrobe. Flaunt these lovely pairs with an anarkalli or indo western gowns and make a spectacular style statement.


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All posts tagged "Attention to Detail"
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Fantastic! Millia Hand-Tufted Green Area Rug top design By Bay Isle Home. Millia Hand-Tufted Green Area Rug very well made, sleek and simple. Complete your living room furniture with a modern Millia Hand-Tufted Green Area Rug. Its gorgeous sturdy, attractivce and it looks expensive and a best value for the money. Millia Hand-Tufted Green Area Rug is one of the most cofy, cozy, nice look and exotic Millia Hand-Tufted Green Area Rug especially for the price and made of fabulous products. Great quality, easy to assemble, delivery on time and in best condition. Millia Hand-Tufted Green Area Rug is good merchandise at fair prices and amazing free shipping. Guarantee damaged claim by offering to send parts or to keep the item at a discounted price. Great buy would definitely recommend. Shop with our low-price guarantee and find great deals on ##ptitle# and more!. Reading the reviews helped you purchase.
Within this fast evolving realm of competition and advancement, it's been a proven fact that people barely get lots of time to invest at their houses, taking care of themselves. It is mandatory for all of us that we invest at least half from the days amount of time in office, performing our job. When the office lacks in correct tools and amenities for the workers, the employees get serious health problems. Similarly, the decorum and also the tools of the workplaces are provided enormous importance. Nowadays, almost all the tools are selected inside a cautious method so as to ensure the employees comfort and ease. One such essential product at work is the ergonomic workplace chairs. As most of the offices have ended up being wise, meaning they depend more on device than manual labor, ergonomic office seats are especially created for this kind of workplaces. They are the seats used for using the workplaces having computer work stations. These have been developed specifically chairs that help within the reduction of pressures around the a number of anxiety from the spine cords, therefore limiting the risk of muscle and neural illnesses. Also they assist in maintaining the right body position. It aligns the over arms, wrists, back, throat and also the head in the appropriate positions, thereby reducing back pain, function related bone and joint problems along with other such diseases. And when you just looking for a seat to relax, then think about among the recliner chair from your checklist. In the following paragraphs we'll discuss about the very best 15 greatest ergonomic seats to be able to provide the visitors using the correct knowledge to ensure that once they purchase this kind of chairs, it might be easy to allow them to choose the correct one.
Much like its namesake, the camelback sofa has a hump or possibly two that accents the primary silhouette of this sofa style. This can be a traditional style which was made popular within the 18th century by Chippendale and households who desired aristocratic, formal furniture frequently chosen this style. These days, this sofa design gives a far more official atmosphere to the room, particularly when padded inside a formal material. A far more informal textile option will make it appropriate for a family space that doesnt need a lot of formality. Either way, the camelback sofa has some elements that characterize the style. The thighs are usually exposed, the couch has no back again cushions and it normally has sq . or folded hands.
Does your room show room needs? Are you currently inclined to throw a slumber celebration in the light of the lack of space to rest? This DHP Futon mattress could be ideal for you in cases like this. This Futon mattress sofa by DHP includes the performance of the sofa mattress with a contemporary and elegant look. Place it in your living room to attain an extra sleepy mattress at night. A microfiber ground that took off in the middle will be a perfect mixture. This amazing sofa accompanies a tapestry with gleaming stainless hair and thighs. Consolidating these results together inside a comfy popular design couch. You may choose to get it in Fake Leather, Purple velvet or Bed linen. A component that is really worth specifying is its back again style. In light of the various seats, DHP promotes the progres of the sofa to your comfort and ease amounts. You are able to level up to have an computer animated babble, or for quiet shifting picture evening.
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English rolled equip sofas are additional comfy because of the big, pillows behind and for the chairs. Reduced hands are comfy for laying and also the uncovered thighs keep this sofa style from sensation too heavy or imposing. It actually came from at the turn of the century and could be related to something usual for the British countryside. Distinguishing qualities generally consist of reduced uncovered thighs, soft, large soft cushions, a tight back and recessed hands. Even though it is regarded as a classic design, it is also a perfect addition to a modern day room because of its comfortable and versatile appear.
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This RTA loveseat provides various kinds of upholstery depending on the materials. That significantly includes linen and velvet. Advanced tones, Marzipan, Stoneware-Light tan and Rye-Dark brown improve design for the couch. Select the shading and the materials that depends around the stylistic design of your room. Not only the shading, the material can also reflect the main difference in style. Ensure that the fabric you choose fits the theme of the room. This loveseat votes in favor of mixing the current design by having an excellent style. It has been moved up through the arms that begin to pass through the couch. With this particular blend, you only see enhanced comfort and ease and tasteful design when lights the patches.
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This couch is appreciated for its unique design and comfort. Its striking pazazz-arm sofa with chairs offers you maximum space for stretching out and using your living space. So generally the modern couch chaise increases the great thing about this established. The established includes cushion top hands cushioned back and chairs for maximum comfort and ease. The sofa includes a large part-blocked wooden frame that gives the couch sufficient toughness. The sofa measures 89 inches wide by 62 inches in depth by 4 in . tall making it ideal for medium size rooms. You may want to do small putting together for example of the legs.
This established features a one left arm sofa set, two armless sofa models and something part couch established. This gives sufficient room to support your family and friends. The fabric is 100Percent rayon for enough durability and comfort. The good thing about this couch established may be the matching and mixing of chairs in the space in the room for any ideal shape. And also allows for fitted even in small rooms. It requires just light assembling.Additionally, it features drive cushions for optimum comfort and ease. You might want to do this set. It does the job well.
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Landmine Monitor 2017
Contamination & Clearance
Ten States Parties have residual or suspected contamination: Algeria, Cameroon, Djibouti, Kuwait, Mali, Moldova, Namibia, Palau, the Philippines, and Tunisia.
Status and Key Developments[1]
Sixty-one states and areas have an identified threat of antipersonnel mine contamination (33 States Parties, 24 states not party, and four other areas). A further 10 States Parties have either suspected or residual antipersonnel mine contamination.
A total of about 170km2 was reported to be cleared of landmines in 2016, the same amount as in 2015. More than 232,000 antipersonnel mines were reported to be destroyed in 2016, an increase from the 158,000 in 2015.
New contamination in 2016 and 2017, much of which consisted of improvised mine contamination, was reported in the following States Parties: Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria, Ukraine, and Yemen; and in states not party: India, Libya, Myanmar, North Korea, Pakistan, and Syria. All of these states already had contamination from previous years. There were unconfirmed reports of new antipersonnel mine contamination in Cameroon, Chad, Iran, Mali, Niger, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia
Twenty-eight States Parties have completed implementation of Article 5 since 1999. Algeria declared completion in February 2017.[2] Mozambique, which had declared completion in 2015 but subsequently found previously unidentified antipersonnel mine contamination in 2016 and 2017, completed clearance in May 2017.[3]
In 2016, three States Parties submitted extension requests that were granted at the Fifteenth Meeting of States Parties: Ecuador, Niger, and Peru. Five States Parties requested extended deadlines for approval at the Sixteenth Meeting of States Parties in December 2017: Angola, Ecuador, Iraq, Thailand, and Zimbabwe.
Ukraine is in violation of Article 5 due to missing its 1 June 2016 clearance deadline without having requested and been granted an extension.
Jordan and Nigeria should declare that they have obligations under Article 5 and request a new deadline to complete clearance.
Only four States Parties appear to be on track to meet their Article 5 clearance deadline: Chile, DRC, Mauritania, and Peru.
Mine Contamination in 2016
It is not possible to provide a global estimate of the total area contaminated by landmines, due to a lack of data. The extent of contamination is not known in 26 countries (seven States Parties, 19 states not party) and one other area. The global picture did not change considerably in 2016, although a number of countries, particularly States Parties, have continued to improve their knowledge of the extent of their contamination through the increased use of land release methodologies, to cancel suspected hazardous areas by non-technical survey, and to reduce confirmed hazardous areas through technical survey.
In some states, contamination increased as a result of new use of antipersonnel mines, although the extent of the new contamination—particularly by improvised mines—is not known as survey has not been conducted. There was new contamination in 2016 and/or 2017 in States Parties: Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria, Ukraine, and Yemen; and in states not party: India, Libya, Myanmar, North Korea, Pakistan, and Syria. There were unconfirmed reports of new contamination in Cameroon, Chad, Iran, Mali, Niger, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia. (See the Ban Policy chapter for details.)
Several of the states for which no estimate is provided are heavily or massively contaminated. The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating North Korea and South Korea and the Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) immediately adjoining the southern boundary of the DMZ remain among the most heavily mined areas in the world, but no data is available on the extent of contamination.[4] Morocco, Myanmar, Russia, and Syria also have widespread contamination, but the extent is not known.
Ten States Parties have residual or suspected contamination: Algeria,[5] Cameroon,[6] Djibouti,[7] Kuwait,[8] Mali,[9] Moldova,[10] Namibia,[11] Palau,[12] the Philippines,[13] and Tunisia.[14]
Mine Clearance in 2016
Total global clearance of landmines in 2016 was about 170km2, with at least 232,000 antipersonnel mines destroyed. However, this is an underestimation, as some actors, such as the army, police, or commercial operators, may not systematically report clearance results. Moreover, in some states, informal clearance or community-based clearance has been conducted, which is not subject to quality management and entry into the national databases. For further details of land release results, both survey and clearance, see individual country profiles on the Monitor website.[15]
No mine clearance occurred in States Parties Ethiopia and Serbia. Only survey was conducted in Mauritania and Mozambique. In Cyprus, 0.01km2 was cleared but only antivehicle mines were found.[16] Oman reported that it cleared a mined area but did not report the size or the number and type of mines that were destroyed.[17] In Somalia, 0.04km2 was cleared but no mines or UXO were found.[18] In Western Sahara, no areas containing antipersonnel mines were cleared in 2016 east of the berm.[19]
No clearance or survey results were reported for States Parties Eritrea and Nigeria, and for states not party China, Cuba, Egypt, India, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Myanmar, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia,[20] Syria, and Uzbekistan.
Of the 10 states that are massively contaminated with more than 100km2 of mine contamination, three reported very low clearance results of less than 1km2 in 2016: States Parties Chad and Thailand, and state not party Azerbaijan.
Improvised mines
States and other stakeholders in humanitarian demining paid particular attention in 2016 and 2017 to the increasing prevalence of improvised mines, and the specific challenges they pose to the mine action community in meeting the obligations of the Mine Ban Treaty, and in protecting civilians during or in the immediate aftermath of conflict, including emergency humanitarian crises.
An improvised explosive device (IED) is a device produced in an improvised manner incorporating explosives or noxious chemicals. IEDs that are designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity, or contact of a person meet the definition of an antipersonnel mine.[21] They fall under the Mine Ban Treaty, therefore affected states are required to report on such contamination in their Article 7 transparency reports and to clear it in accordance with Article 5. These devices are frequently known as improvised mines.
Improvised mines are not new and have been found in many countries for decades. The countries mentioned here do not comprise an exhaustive list, so the true extent of global improvised mine contamination is probably more widespread.[22] In 2016 and 2017, large quantities of improvised mine contamination and/or numerous incidents and casualties were reported in the following States Parties: Afghanistan, Chad, Colombia, Iraq, Niger, Nigeria, Ukraine, and Yemen. In addition, improvised mines were occasionally found in the following States Parties: Algeria, Somalia, and Turkey.[23] There are unconfirmed reports of improvised antipersonnel mine use in Cameroon and Mali.
Improvised mine contamination has also been identified in the following states not party in 2016 and 2017: India, Lebanon, Libya, Pakistan, Russia, Sri Lanka, and Syria.[24]
No data exists on the extent of improvised mine contamination in any state.[25] In Afghanistan, a "preliminary survey" in 2016 identified about 220km2 of newly contaminated land affected by pressure-plate IEDs, which are landmines. This data needed further non-technical survey and had not been entered into the Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA) or reported in Afghanistan's Article 7 report.[26] UNMAS/the Directorate of Mine Action (DMAC) believes the number of devices is far fewer than the number of mass-produced mines, however acknowledges that amid Afghanistan's continuing conflict, comprehensive survey of improvised mines is impossible.[27] Colombia reports a national estimate of 51km2 of mine contamination, which is largely improvised mines, although it has yet to establish a national baseline.[28] In 2016, Iraq reported 6.67 km2 of improvised mine contamination, which is far less than the actual extent of contamination.[29]
There has been increased discussion on appropriate policies, practices, and techniques for addressing IEDs, including improvised mines. During 2016 and 2017, articles and reports have been produced regarding the issue by actors such as the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) and Mines Advisory Group (MAG), and published in the Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction.[30]
States Parties have a number of obligations with regards to improvised mines. Affected States Parties must report any confirmed or suspected improvised antipersonnel mine contamination in their Article 7 transparency reports. Resources must be made available to assess the extent of contamination and develop appropriate strategies to address it. States Parties should exchange expertise to ensure that standards are adequate for addressing improvised mines. Affected countries and donors must be prepared to cover the related costs of equipment and resources related to dealing with improvised mines, which may be higher than dealing with manufactured mines. Finally, States Parties should also monitor progress towards meeting any Article 5 obligations related to improvised mines to ensure compliance with the Mine Ban Treaty.
Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 Obligations
Under Article 5 of the Mine Ban Treaty, States Parties are required to clear all antipersonnel mines as soon as possible, but not later than 10 years after becoming party to the treaty. States Parties that consider themselves unable to complete their mine clearance obligations within the deadline may submit a request for a deadline extension of up to 10 years.
Completion of Article 5 implementation
On 10 February 2017, Algeria announced that it had completed clearance.[31]
In 2015, Mozambique declared completion of clearance, but additional contamination was found and subsequently cleared in 2016–2017.[32]
In addition, state not party Nepal and other area Taiwan have completed clearance of known mined areas since 1999. El Salvador, a State Party, completed clearance in 1994 before the Mine Ban Treaty was created.
Jordan[33] has declared completion of clearance under the Mine Ban Treaty (in 2012) but is still finding antipersonnel mine contamination and therefore does not appear in the table above. Nigeria[34] declared completion of clearance in 2011, however there have been reports of new contamination resulting from recent use of antipersonnel mines by a non-state armed group. It therefore does not appear in the table above.
Progress on meeting deadlines
As of October 2017, only four States Parties appear on track to meet their clearance deadlines, while 17 appear not to be on track, and the status of two is unclear. Five States Parties are awaiting approval of their extension requests submitted in 2017. One State Party has missed its deadline and is in violation of the treaty. Two States Parties that have declared completion in the past are still finding antipersonnel mine contamination and should request new deadlines.
The assessments of the status of each State Party regarding the fulfilment of Article 5 obligations are made through consideration of several factors, including the remaining challenge and the extent to which it is known, clearance rates, mine action capacity and assets, funding prospects, and the existence of any conflict and insecurity problems.
In 2016, three States Parties submitted requests for extended deadlines to complete their Article 5 obligations which were granted at the Fifteenth Meeting of States Parties in November 2016.
Ecuador submitted an extension request due to unforeseen circumstances resulting from the earthquake in 2016 preventing it from meeting its deadline.[35] States Parties granted the requested three-month extension until 31 December 2017 and asked Ecuador to submit a detailed request by 31 March 2017,[36] which it did (see below).
Niger requested until 31 December 2020 to complete survey and clearance of all mined areas.[37] In granting the request, States Parties noted that the request did not contain a detailed annual workplan with benchmarks for progress leading to completion. The meeting noted that monthly and annual projections could support Niger's efforts in mobilizing financial and technical resources. States Parties asked Niger to provide a revised workplan by 30 April 2017, in addition to annual progress reports.[38] Niger had not submitted an updated workplan as of October 2017.
Peru requested until 31 December 2024 to complete survey and clearance, noting the difficulties of the terrain and the acquisition of data on additional contaminated areas through information exchanges with Ecuador.[39] In granting the request, States Parties noted that improvements to its land release methodology could result in Peru proceeding with faster implementation. They asked Peru to provide by 30 April 2018 an updated workplan for the remaining period covered by the extension.[40]
In 2017, five States Parties submitted requests for extended deadlines to compete their Article 5 obligations, for approval at the Sixteenth Meeting of States Parties in December:
Angola requested until 1 January 2025 with the goal of eliminating 1,461 mined areas.[41] The Committee on Article 5 Implementation noted that Angola did not provide annual projections of mined areas to be addressed. Angola indicated that once the dimension of the problem and its extent are more accurately identified it would be possible to plan more realistic activities, and identify the necessary resources in order the eliminate the problem.[42]
Ecuador submitted an extension request until 31 December 2022.[43] Ecuador stated that it was requesting an additional five years to clear the remaining 0.1km2 of mined areas because mechanical assets cannot be used in these areas and operating conditions are very challenging.[44]
Iraq submitted an extension request until 1 February 2028.[45] The ICBL noted that it is understandable that Iraq has submitted a request for 10 years due to the magnitude of contamination and security challenges. However, it stated, "As has been done for other States Parties in the past, we recommend that Iraq be granted only the amount of time necessary to prepare a plan...A shorter extension period would enable Iraq to better assess the scale of contamination once it is possible to access areas that are currently inaccessible, before presenting a long-term plan."[46]
Thailand submitted an extension request until 1 November 2023 to complete survey and clearance of all mined areas.[47] As of July 2017, Thailand had 409.73km2 remaining to be addressed.[48] It expects that up to 86.5% may be cancelled through non-technical survey.[49]
Zimbabwe submitted an extension request until December 2025 to complete survey and clearance of all mined areas.[50] The Committee on Article 5 Implementation noted that the request contained an updated workplan with milestones to be met over the course of the extension period.[51] Zimbabwe stated that an eight-year National Mine Action Plan was in the process of being finalized and, once approved, would be provided as an annex to the extension request.[52]
Ukraine is in violation of Article 5 for missing its 1 June 2016 clearance deadline. The Fifteenth Meeting of States Parties expressed serious concern that Ukraine is in a situation of non-compliance with Article 5. It called on Ukraine to submit as soon as possible a request for extension, and it welcomed the commitment by Ukraine to continue to engage with the Committee on Article 5 Implementation.[53] At the intersessional meetings in June 2017, Ukraine said that it would start implementing Article 5 once the integrity of the whole territory is restored.[54] As of October 2017, Ukraine had still not submitted an extension request.
Monitoring the progress of States Parties against their Article 5 obligations and the Maputo Action Plan
In the Maputo Action Plan, adopted at the Third Review Conference on 27 June 2014, States Parties agreed to "intensify their efforts to complete their respective time-bound obligations with the urgency that the completion work requires."[55] Actions #8, #9, and #11 relate to clearance.
The Committee on Article 5 Implementation presented its preliminary observations at the intersessional meetings in June 2017, reporting on 25 States Parties that had submitted information by that date.[56]
The assessment of progress under the Maputo Action Plan is drawn from both the committee's observations and Landmine Monitor's review of the progress of States Parties.
Maputo Action Plan Action #8: quantification and qualification of remaining contamination challenge
Almost all States Parties need to improve the quantification and qualification of the remaining contamination challenge. Only four States Parties have a clear understanding of the remaining contamination: Chile, Ecuador, Mauritania, and the UK. Twelve States Parties have a good knowledge of the locations of confirmed and suspected contamination but survey is needed to clarify the actual extent of contamination within those areas: Angola, BiH, Croatia, Cyprus, Jordan, Peru, Senegal, Serbia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, and Zimbabwe. Thirteen States Parties have reported on known contaminated areas, but do not have a complete picture of the extent of contamination, as there are areas that have not been surveyed: Afghanistan, Cambodia, Chad, Colombia, Ethiopia, Iraq, Mozambique, Niger, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Ukraine, and Yemen. In addition, DRC may have contaminated areas that have not yet been identified. Eritrea has not provided an update on estimated extent of contamination since the end of 2013. Two States Parties have not formally reported the locations of any mined areas, Nigeria and Oman.
The committee assessed the degree of clarity of the remaining challenge, finding that only 10 of the 25 States Parties assessed had provided a high degree of clarity in their reporting: Afghanistan, Angola, Cyprus, Mauritania, Serbia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tajikistan, Thailand, and Zimbabwe. This compared to seven of 17 States Parties in 2015.
Maputo Action Plan Action #9: application of land release methodologies
Afghanistan and Angola are in the process of conducting nationwide surveys. In Angola, this has resulted in the cancellation of, on average, 90% of suspected contaminated areas.[57] Five States Parties used non-technical survey in 2016 to cancel large amounts of suspected mined area, and thus greatly decrease their estimate of remaining contamination: Angola, BiH, Cambodia, Thailand, and South Sudan. Non-technical and technical survey were also used to better define the extent of contamination in Afghanistan, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, DRC, Ecuador, Iraq, Mauritania, Peru, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Ukraine, the UK, and Zimbabwe. In 2016, Jordan was in the process of verifying areas for missing mines.[58] Colombia's strategic plan for 2016–2021 aims to establish a national baseline of contamination.[59]
In Somalia, no nationwide survey has been conducted, mainly due to the security situation.[60] Continuous conflict in Yemen since March 2015 has prevented systematic survey.
In Chile and Niger, no survey was conducted, only clearance.[61] Ethiopia did not conduct survey or systematic clearance.[62] No survey or clearance was conducted in Serbia in 2016.[63] Four other States Parties did not report any results of land release or confirmation of mined areas through survey in 2016: Cameroon, Eritrea, Nigeria, and Oman.
Turkey did not report the results of its comprehensive desk assessment of minefield records of the eastern and Syrian borders conducted in 2016.[64] Algeria reported the release of 28km2, but did not specify how much was cleared and how much was released through survey.[65]
Almost all States Parties that implemented systematic mine clearance programs in 2016 used land release methodologies (survey and clearance), although the degree to which they were aligned with International Mine Action Standards (IMAS) varies. The committee called on States Parties to align their national mine action standards with the revised IMAS, if they have not already done so.[66]
Maputo Action Plan Action #11: on-time submission of high-quality requests
In 2017, five states submitted requests on time: Angola, Ecuador, Iraq, Thailand, and Zimbabwe.
The level of quality of the requests varied greatly. All five requests included information on progress made so far, and some form of political commitment to complete the task of mine clearance. Some lacked the key components that would characterize high-quality requests: consistent data, detailed plans for land release activities during the extension period, and milestones to measure progress.
The extension request process in 2017 demonstrated the value of exchanges between requesting states, the Committee on Article 5 implementation, and other stakeholders. Indeed, all requesting states submitted either revised requests or additional information in the course of the process, some of which was of significantly improved quality.
Jordan, Nigeria, and Ukraine should submit extension requests to address the contamination that has been identified, either new or previously existing, after they declared completion of clearance or after their deadline has passed.
Maputo Action Plan Action #25: annual submission of high-quality and updated information
As of October 2017, Article 7 transparency reports for 2016 were still outstanding for four mine-contaminated States Parties: Eritrea, Nigeria, Niger, and Somalia. Twelve were outstanding in the same month of 2016.
(See the table "Clearance of mined area in 2016" above for notes about the quality of information provided on clearance by individual states.)
Other issues affecting clearance operations
Inadequate funding was cited as a challenge to achieving Article 5 implementation deadlines by the following States Parties: Afghanistan, Angola, BiH, Cambodia, Chad, Iraq, Niger, Serbia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Yemen, and Zimbabwe.
Although DRC can achieve its Article 5 deadline, it reported funding difficulties.
National ownership
Almost all Mine Ban Treaty States Parties with contamination have a national mine action program or institutions that are assigned to fulfil the state's clearance obligations. In Turkey, the Turkish Mine Action Center (TURMAC) was established in 2015, but political events in 2016 resulted in institutional changes. A capacity needs assessment was conducted in 2016 to form the basis for future capacity development.[67]
Ukraine is taking steps toward the establishment of a national mine action program.[68]
In Afghanistan in October 2016, UNMAS formally handed leadership of the Mine Action Programme of Afghanistan (MAPA) to the Directorate of Mine Action (DMAC).[69] The UN Mine Action Center for Afghanistan (UNMACA) changed its name to "UNMAS in support of DMAC" (UNMAS/DMAC) in November 2016.[70] In DRC, UNMAS reported that the transfer of responsibility to the Congolese Mine Action Center (Centre Congolais de Lutte Antimines, CCLAM) was completed in early 2016.[71] In South Sudan, the National Mine Action Authority (NMAA) reported that the transition from UN to national ownership was suspended and that NMAA lacked the basic means to fulfil its functions.[72]
States Parties Nigeria and Oman do not have national mine action programs.
In contrast, fewer than half of states not party have functioning mine action programs.[73] There were no new mine action programs established among states not party in 2016. The following 12 states not party do not have national mine action programs: China, Cuba, Kyrgyzstan, India, Morocco, Myanmar, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, South Korea, Syria, and Uzbekistan. Egypt's mine clearance program is not functioning[74] and the status of Iran's mine action center is not clear. Some of these states not party are among the most contaminated countries in the world. Yet the understanding of the extent of contamination, and the scale of land release efforts, is much lower than in States Parties. This underlines the importance of striving for universalization of the Mine Ban Treaty in order to address the threat posed by antipersonnel mines.
All the other areas (Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh, Western Sahara) have mine action centers.
Clearance in conflict
In 2016 and 2017, conflict affected land release operations in 11 States Parties (Afghanistan, Chad, Colombia, Iraq, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Ukraine, and Yemen) and four states not party (Libya, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Syria). Insecurity has also restricted access to some areas that are or may be antipersonnel mine-affected in DRC,[75] Ethiopia,[76] Jordan,[77] Senegal,[78] Tajikistan,[79] Turkey,[80] and Western Sahara. In Tajikistan, in 2015 and 2016, survey and clearance operations were restricted on the border with Afghanistan due to insecurity. However, improved security conditions in 2017 enabled full survey and clearance operations to resume.[81]
In South Sudan, a resurgence in violence forced mine action operations to close in the second half of 2016.[82]
In Libya and Syria, where there is limited clearance capacity, international mine action clearance operators continued to focus their efforts on capacity building and training of national actors, much of it taking place outside the country.[83] In Ukraine, the State Emergency Services (SESU), which is responsible for humanitarian demining, suffered severe losses of buildings and vehicles during the conflict. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Project Coordinator and Danish Demining Group (DDG) provided the SESU with equipment and training in 2016 to support their operational capacity.[84]
In 2016, a number of security incidents directly affected demining activities, several resulting in casualties. In Afghanistan in 2016, nine deminers were killed and 10 injured in attacks by armed groups.[85] In Chad, a number of deminers were killed and injured in mine blasts during missions in the north, east, and west of the country.[86] In Colombia in 2017, Norwegian People's Aid (NPA) staff had to leave an area due to direct threats from a dissident FARC faction.[87] In Somalia in 2016, two demining staff were killed and one injured in a shooting incident, reportedly due to a conflict between rival sub-clans that was not directly targeted at demining operations, but which nevertheless forced HALO to withdraw from the areas.[88] In South Sudan in 2016, three mine action staff were killed and three injured during shooting incidents.[89]
Cyprus does not have effective control of antipersonnel mine-contaminated areas. In Palestine, Israel will not authorize clearance by Palestinians, and most mined areas are in zones controlled by Israel or under joint control. Ukraine has noted that it does not currently have access to some mined areas. In Azerbaijan, Armenian forces occupy a significant area of the country where considerable contamination exists.[90] In Georgia, there may be mined areas in South Ossetia, however, South Ossetia is effectively subject to Russian control and is inaccessible to the Georgian authorities and international NGOs.
In Western Sahara, the expulsion of civilian staff members of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) by Morocco resulted in the suspension of UNMAS-contracted demining activities east of the berm from 20 March to 15 September 2016.[91]
In Myanmar, the government said that concluding a National Ceasefire Agreement with non-state actors was a precondition for proceeding with survey and clearance.[92]
Finally, and on a positive note, in Colombia, the peace process between the government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) gave momentum to demining planning. In 2016, as the first step in the process of implementing an agreement between the government and the FARC on demining, NPA has been leading and supervising a mine clearance project as a trust-building exercise. The Colombian army has been conducting the mine clearance as such, with NPA providing verification, while the FARC has given information on contaminated areas.[93] On 1 October 2017, a ceasefire agreement between the government of Colombia and the National Liberation Army (Unión Camilista-Ejército de Liberación Nacional, ELN) took effect.[94] In the agreement, the ELN has committed not use antipersonnel landmines that could endanger the civilian population.
[1] The Monitor acknowledges the contributions of Mine Action Review (www.mineactionreview.org), which has conducted the mine action research in 2017, including on survey and clearance, and shared all its resulting landmine and cluster munition reports with the Monitor. The Monitor is responsible for the findings presented online and in its print publications.
[2] Declaration of Fulfilment of Article 5, submitted by Algeria, 10 February 2017, p. 8, bit.ly/AlgeriaDecl2017.
[3] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2016), Form I. Four small suspected mined areas with a combined size of 1,881m2 remained submerged under water. These areas are "suspended" and Mozambique plans to address them once the water level has receded and access can be gained. See, Declaration of Completion of Implementation of Article 5, submitted by Mozambique, 16 December 2015, p. 5; and statement of Mozambique, Mine Ban Treaty Intersessional Meetings, Geneva, 8 June 2017.
[4] Response by the Permanent Mission of South Korea to the UN in New York, 9 May 2006; and K. Chang-Hoon, "Find One Million: War With Landmines," Korea Times, 3 June 2010.
[5] The north of Algeria is said to be contaminated by an unknown number of improvised mines laid by insurgent groups. See, Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, 2017, p. 22.
[6] In Cameroon, allegations of use by Boko Haram of improvised antipersonnel mines have been reported.
[7] Djibouti completed its clearance of known mined areas in 2003 and France declared it had cleared a military ammunition storage area in Djibouti in November 2008, but there are concerns that there may be mine contamination along the Eritrean border following a border conflict in June 2008. Djibouti has not made a formal declaration of full compliance with its Article 5 obligations.
[8] Antipersonnel mine casualties were reported in Kuwait in 2016.
[9] In Mali, casualties have been reported to be caused by improvised mines. It has been reported that these mines may be activated upon contact or by the weight of a person, although they have only been reported to have been activated either by vehicles or command detonated.
[10] Moldova, which had an Article 5 deadline of 1 March 2011, made a statement in June 2008 that suggested it had acknowledged its legal responsibility for clearance of any mined areas in the breakaway republic of Transnistria, where it continues to assert is jurisdiction. However, this statement was later disavowed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mine Ban Treaty Intersessional Meetings, Geneva, 2 June 2008, bit.ly/MoldovaNSA2008.
[11] Despite a statement made by Namibia at the Second Review Conference that it was in full compliance with Article 5, questions remain as to whether there are mined areas in the north of the country, for example, in the Caprivi region bordering Angola.
[12] Palau may have residual antipersonnel mine contamination.
[13] The Philippines, which has alleged use of antipersonnel mines by non-state armed groups over recent years, has not formally reported the presence of mined areas.
[14] There have been casualties from victim-activated improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in Tunisia in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Due to the nature of the ongoing conflict, it is likely that these devices were recently laid.
[15] See Mine Action country profiles available on the Monitor website, www.the-monitor.org/cp.
[16] Email from Julie Myers, UNMAS (based on information provided by Joseph Huber, UNMAS), 24 July 2017.
[17] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2016), bit.ly/MBTArt7reports.
[18] Email from Tom Griffiths, HALO Trust, 31 May 2017.
[19] Email from Virginie Auger, UNMAS, 29 March 2017.
[20] In its CCW Amended Protocol II and Protocol V transparency reports for 2016, Russia reported that its armed forces engineering units conducted demining and explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) in 80 regions of the country. In total, more than 306,616 explosive devices were destroyed, including 20,698 IEDs. See, CCW Amended Protocol II Article 13 Report (for 2016), Form B; and Protocol V Article 10 Report (for 2016), Form A. However, it did not report how much was mined area and how many antipersonnel mines were destroyed.
[21] See the glossary at the beginning of this report and in the Casualties chapter for definitions of IEDs and improvised mines.
[22] Danish Demining Group (DDG) calculated that an estimated 67% of the countries where DDG is present also have an IED problem. See, Robert Keeley, "Improvised Explosive Devices (IED): A Humanitarian Mine Perspective," The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction, Issue 21.1, April 2017, p. 5.
[23] For further details, see individual country profiles on mine action and casualties on the Monitor website, www.the-monitor.org.
[25] According to the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD), "The scale of the IED problem remains poorly defined, although evidence to data suggests that the largest numbers of devices are associated with mass-produced improvised landmines. Numbers of booby traps and command wire/radio controlled devices in urban areas should become clearer as more operations take place in liberated towns and villages, and as more data becomes available. Until such information does become available, it is hard to predict the relative levels of effort required to address different types of IED and the associated equipment, competence and cost implications." GICHD, "An initial study into mine action and improvised explosive devices," February 2017, p. 49.
[26] Interview with Mohammad Shafiq Yosufi, Director, Directorate of Mine Action (DMAC), in Geneva, 9 February 2017; and Mine Action Programme of Afghanistan (MAPA), "Operational Work Plan 1396," undated but 2017, p. 2.
[27] "MAPA Operational Work Plan 1396," undated but 2017, p. 22.
[28] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2015), Form D, bit.ly/MBTArt7reports.
[29] Data received from Ahmed Al Jasim, Directorate of Mine Action (DMA), 6 April 2017.
[30] GICHD, "An initial study into mine action and improvised explosive devices," February 2017; MAG, "Why Principles Matter. Humanitarian Mine Action and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs)," Policy Brief, May 2017; Robert Keeley, "Improvised Explosive Devices (IED): A Humanitarian Mine Perspective," The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction, Issue 21.1, April 2017; Chris Loughran and Sean Sutton, "MAG: Clearing Improvised Landmines in Iraq," The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction, Issue 21.1; and Abigail Jones, "Do no harm: the challenge of protecting civilians from the IED threat in south-central Somalia," The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction, Issue 21.1, April 2017.
[31] Declaration of Completion of Implementation Article 5, submitted by Algeria, 10 February 2017, p. 8, bit.ly/AlgeriaDecl2017.
[32] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2016), Form I. Four small suspected mined areas with a combined size of 1,881m2 remained submerged under water. These areas are "suspended" and Mozambique plans to address them once the water level has receded and access can be gained. See, Declaration of Completion of Implementation of Article 5, submitted by Mozambique, 16 December 2015, p. 5; and statement of Mozambique, Mine Ban Treaty Intersessional Meetings, Geneva, 8 June 2017.
[33] Declaration of Completion of Implementation of Article 5, APLC/MSP.12/2012/Misc.3, Geneva, 4 December 2012.
[34] Declaration of Completion of Implementation of Article 5, APLC/MSP.14/2015/Misc.2, Geneva, 16 December 2015.
[35] Letter from Efraín Baus Palacios, Director of Neighbourhood Relations and Sovereignty for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility, and President of the National Humanitarian Demining Center of Ecuador, to Amb. Patricia O'Brian, Permanent Representative of Ireland to the UN in Geneva, and Chair of the Article 5 Committee, Note No. 14839-DRVS/CENDESMI, Quito, 26 November 2016.
[36] Final Report, Mine Ban Treaty Fifteenth Meeting of States Parties, 14 December 2016, p. 8,bit.ly/MBTMSP15Final.
[37] Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, dated 15 May 2016, submitted 15 April 2016, p. 13.
[38] Final Report, Mine Ban Treaty Fifteenth Meeting of States Parties, 14 December 2016, p. 6.
[39] Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request (revised), dated July 2016, submitted 2 August 2016.
[41] Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request, dated 31 March 2017, submitted 11 May 2017, p. 20. The areas comprised of 1,074 confirmed areas, corresponding to 104km2, and 287 suspected hazardous areas, corresponding to 141km2.
[42] "Preliminary observations," Mine Ban Treaty Intersessional Meetings, Committee on Article 5 Implementation, 8–9 June 2017, pt. 46.
[43] Ecuadorian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "Request for renewal of extension of the deadline to complete the destruction of antipersonnel mines in mined areas in accordance with Article 5, paragraphs 3 and 6 of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production, and Transfer of Antipersonnel Mines and on their Destruction," March 2017.
[44] Additional information to Ecuador's Extension Request, 8 September 2017.
[45] Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request (revised), 28 August 2017.
[46] Statement of the ICBL on Iraq's Extension Request, Mine Ban Treaty Intersessional Meetings, Geneva, 8 June 2017.
[47] Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request (revised), dated 30 March 2017, 8 September 2017.
[48] Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request (revised), executive summary, 8 September 2017.
[50] Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request (revised), 9 August 2017.
[51] "Preliminary observations," Mine Ban Treaty Intersessional Meetings, Committee on Article 5 Implementation, 8–9 June 2017, pt. 287.
[52] Mine Ban Treaty Article 5 deadline Extension Request (revised), 9 August 2017, p. 19.
[54] Statement of Ukraine, Mine Ban Treaty Intersessional Meetings, Committee on Article 5 Implementation, Geneva, 8 June 2017.
[55] Maputo Action Plan, 27 June 2014, bit.ly/MaputoActionPlan.
[56] Preliminary Observations of the Committee on Article 5 Implementation, 23 June 2015, bit.ly/MBTArt5Prelim2015.
[57] Mine Ban Treaty Second Article 5 Extension Request, 11 May 2017, p. 5.
[58] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2016), p. 4; and email from Mohammad Breikat, National Committee for Demining and Rehabilitation (NCDR), 10 April 2017.
[59] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2015), Form D.
[60] UNMAS, "2017 Portfolio of Mine Action Projects, Somalia," undated.
[61] Chile, Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2016), Form F2; and Analysis of Niger's Third Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 25 October 2016.
[62] Statement of Ethiopia, Mine Ban Treaty Intersessional Meetings, Committee on Article 5 Implementation, Geneva, 8 June 2017; and Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2016), Form G.
[63] Email from Slađana Košutić, Serbian Mine Action Center (SMAC), 6 April 2017; and Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2016), Form D.
[64] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2016), Form A; and statement of Turkey, Mine Ban Treaty Intersessional Meetings, Committee on Victim Assistance, Geneva, 8 June 2017.
[65] Declaration of Completion of Implementation of Article 5, submitted by Algeria, 10 February 2017, p. 8, bit.ly/AlgeriaDecl2017.
[67] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2016), Form H; statement of Turkey, Mine Ban Treaty Intersessional Meetings, Committee on Enhancement of Cooperation and Assistance, Geneva, 8 June 2017; and email from Lt.-Col. Halil Şen, TURMAC, 21 June 2017.
[68] "Mine Action Activities," Side-event presentation by Amb. Vaidotas Verba, Head of Mission, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Project Coordinator in Ukraine, at the 19th International Meeting of Mine Action National Programme Directors and UN Advisors, Geneva, 17 February 2016.
[69] Interviews with Mohammad Shafiq Yosufi, DMAC, in Geneva, 9 February 2017; and with Yngvil Foss, Country Programme Manager, UNMAS, in Geneva, 6 February 2017.
[70] Email from Mohammad Wakil Jamshidi, Chief of Staff, UNMAS/DMAC, 16 May 2017.
[71] UNMAS, "About UNMAS Support of One UN and the GODRC," March 2016, www.mineaction.org/print/programmes/drc.
[72] Interview with Jurkuch Barach Jurkuch, NMAA, in Geneva, 6 September 2017.
[73] Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Israel, Lao PDR, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam.
[74] In January 2017, Egypt's Minister of International Cooperation, Sahar Nasr, announced the establishment of the National Centre for Landmine Action and Sustainable Development. Minister Nasr said that the center would begin clearing 600km2 on the northern coast and would also establish infrastructure after clearance was completed. See, H. Salah, "Establishment of National Center for Mines Action and Sustainable Development completed: Nasr," Daily News Egypt, 23 January 2017, www.dailynewsegypt.com/2017/01/23/612214/.
[75] Mine Ban Treaty Second Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 7 April 2014, p. 10; and UNMAS, "2015 Portfolio of Mine Action Projects, Democratic Republic of the Congo," undated.
[76] "Response to Committee on Article 5 Implementation request for additional information on its Article 5 deadline Extension Request," 26 September 2015; and Analysis of Ethiopia's Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 19 November 2015, p. 3.
[77] Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2016), p. 4; and email from Mohammad Breikat, NCDR, 10 April 2017.
[78] Email from Ibrahima Seck, Senegalese National Mine Action Center (Centre National d'Action Antimines, CNAMS), 22 August 2016.
[79] Emails from Muhabbat Ibrohimzoda, Tajikistan National Mine Action Center (TNMAC), 19 August 2016, and 22 May 2017; and from Aubrey Sutherland, NPA, 14 March 2017; and statement of Tajikistan, Mine Ban Treaty 15th Meeting of States Parties, Santiago, 30 November 2016.
[80] Email from Lt.-Col. Halil Şen, TURMAC, 21 June 2017.
[81] Emails from Muhabbat Ibrohimzoda, TNMAC, 19 August 2016, and 22 May 2017; and from Aubrey Sutherland, NPA, 14 March 2017; and statement of Tajikistan, Mine Ban Treaty 15th Meeting of States Parties, Santiago, 30 November 2016.
[82] Email from Robert Thompson, UNMAS, 19 April 2017; and UNMAS, "2017 Portfolio of Mine Action Projects: South Sudan," undated.
[83] Email from Lyuba Guerassimova, Programme Officer, UNMAS Libya, 28 February 2017; Implementing Partners Coordination Meeting, Tunis, 19 January 2017; emails from Lutz Kosewsky, DDG, 22 February 2017; and from Catherine Smith, Handicap International (HI), 22 February 2017; and interview with Luke Irving, Specialist Training and EOD Manager, and Nour Saleh, Project Officer, Mayday Rescue, and Majid Khalaf, EOD Liaison Officer, Syria Civil Defense (SCD), in Geneva, 5 September 2017.
[84] Emails from Rowan Fernandes, DDG Ukraine, 20 May and 17 June 2016; and from Anton Shevchenko, OSCE, 14 June 2016.
[85] Email from Feda Mohammad Oriakhil, Project Officer, DMAC, 30 September 2017.
[86] "Tchad: grève des démineurs restés 10 mois sans salaire" ("Chad: deminers strike after 10 months without pay"), Agence de Presse Africaine, 10 May 2017, http://mobile.apanews.net/index.php/fr/news/tchad-greve-des-demineurs-restes-10-mois-sans-salaire; and email from Julien Kempeneers, HI, 26 September 2017.
[87] Email from Vanessa Finson, NPA, 12 September 2017.
[89] Email from William Maina, DDG, 2 May 2017; and Danish Refugee Council, "Two national employees have lost their lives in South Sudan," 12 April 2016, http://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/two-national-employees-have-lost-their-lives-south-sudan; and emails from Bill Marsden, MAG, 11 May 2017, and 21 October 2016.
[90] Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action (ANAMA), "Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action 2017," undated, p. 5.
[91] "Report of the Secretary-General on the situation concerning Western Sahara," UN doc. S/2017/307, 10 April 2017, p. 8; R. Gladstone, "Morocco Orders U.N. to Cut Staff in Disputed Western Sahara Territory," The New York Times, 17 March 2016, bit.ly/NYTMoroccoUNWesternS2016; and What's in Blue: Insights on the work of the UN Security Council, "Western Sahara: Arria-formula Meeting, Consultations, and MINURSO Adoption," 26 April 2016, bit.ly/WhatsInBlue26Apr2016.
[92] Roger Fasth and Pascal Simon, "Mine Action in Myanmar," Journal of Mine Action, Issue 19.2, July 2015.
[93] Email from Fredrik Holmegaard, Project Manager, Humanitarian Disarmament – Colombia, NPA, 13 June 2016.
[94] "Colombia Cease-Fire Agreement Takes Effect Sunday," Voice of America, 30 September 2017, www.voanews.com/a/colombia-cease-fire-takes-effect-october-1/4050834.html.
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Example is perhaps the most powerful leadership action. When employees hear their managers asking their people to forgo pay raises to help the company in bad times, yet see those same managers lining their own pockets with pension benefits that are not available to all employees, it leaves a bad taste. When a leader says one thing and does another, employees immediately sense it. For example, a corporate leader who espouses family values but cheats on his wife may not send the company into ruin, but he does fray the bonds of trust. I am not referring to marriages gone bad; divorce is a reality that tears apart many good men and women. What I am referring to is serial philandering; duplicity in the home leads to duplicity at work.
Let's take another, smaller issue. When managers discuss the challenges ahead and ask their people to put in extra hours, yet themselves manage to vanish at the sight of real work, it sets a bad example. Ari Weinzweig of Zingerman's, a multimillion dollar community of food businesses, makes it a practice to wait on tables in his restaurant. He was even seen cleaning up in the wake of a children's party where some of the children ate a little too many sweet things and promptly regurgitated them onto the floor. Weinzweig could have called one of his hourly staffers to clean up the mess for him, but no. He mopped it up himself, thereby impressing the parents of the kids, and also sending a powerful message to employees that we're all in this enterprise together. Entrepreneurs understand example better than anyone because when they were getting started, they did it all. Managers in large organizations feel disassociated from customers and other levels of managers, so they tend to look away. The concept of leading by example somehow seems less tangible. This is unfortunate, since the employees of large organizations often need to be shown the right way more than employees in other businesses. Why? Because you can make yourself small (and thereby disappear) in large organizations, whereas there are not so many places to hide in smaller companies.
Keep promises and keep your mouth shut. Perhaps this is all too obvious, but I still have to keep it at the forefront of my thinking. I must do what I said I was going to do, and when I said I would do it. Secondly, I have to keep confidences. It is very seductive to be in the know, and when you're in the know, it's even more seductive to want to let others know you're in the know. This is a potential death trap to a coach or advisor.
The power of an organization's leaders in creating the organization's values, environment, culture and actions is immeasurable. Want to know how to "walk the talk" to enable organization change and improvement? Want to take the power away from the oft-repeated employee complaint that managers don't walk their talk? Start here to learn how to walk your talk.
Or, use these ideas to help your organization's leaders and managers walk theirs. It's the shortest journey to empower change and the work environment they desire.
Model the behavior you want to see from others. There is nothing more powerful for employees than observing the "big bosses" do the actions or behaviors they are requesting from others. As Mahatma Gandhi said, "Become the change you wish to see in the world." And, it will happen.
Hold strategic conversations with people so people are clear about expectations and direction. Gerard Kleisterlee, Philips' president, is holding strategic conversations with as many groups as he can. "In order to build internal confidence, stimulate cross-boundary cooperation, and spark new-product speed to market, Kleisterlee is sponsoring what he calls 'strategic conversations': dialogues that center around a focused set of themes that Kleisterlee believes will define Philips' future."


Teenagers' bedrooms and tiny spaces can be a challenge to style and decorate. I've just finished both: a makeover of Roxy's ridiculously small room – it's tiny, probably only rivaled by Harry Potter's cupboard under the stairs!
So if you have a teen room to makeover, or a tiny space to plan, I have lots of ideas to share. Read on for my tips on choosing the right mattress and bedlinen, how to make the most of limited space, and choosing furniture to maximise storage without adding clutter.
Roxy's tiny bedroom was never about pastels and florals, or Disney princesses (eek!), but all of a sudden last year she seemed to outgrow everything in terms of both practicality and style.
When she was younger it was a fun space for her. She had a loft bed with storage underneath, and I added a curtain that could be pulled across to create a little cubby house play space.
Now that her needs and taste have changed, what Roxy wanted from the makeover was to have a comfy teen retreat that feels grown up but still cool. She asked for a larger bed so that she could hang out and chat with her friends, and just be able to flop around and relax without having to climb up a ladder.
The big challenge was working around the loss of the space-saving loft bed and the storage in the chest of drawers and shelves that were under the bed.
In the new bedroom configuration, there is a double bed which is positioned snugly at one end of the room and styled with a jumble of pillows and cushions like a day bed. The only other furniture in the room is a bedside table, some shelves, and two vertical bookshelves.
I chose the Ikea TARVA double bed because of its simple design and I assembled it without the bedhead. Instead I hung a MANDAL headboard (cut to fit the space) on the back wall as a feature. Running along the side of the bed, the wooden headboard is a practical solution for storage, a textural focal point, and it looks like a wall feature rather than a headboard.
Roxy's bedside table is an Ikea FROSTA stool, chosen because it's not heavy looking and doesn't have a large footprint. Although bedside storage would've been useful, it was more important not to clutter the floor. The floorboards are visible across the whole width of the room, giving a greater sense of space.
The ceilings in our apartment are 3.35 meters (11 feet) high, so to balance the vertical space I created horizontal features to visually widen the room. The aqua half-wall, the headboard, and the soft pink mural wall that finishes in line with the picture rails, are all horizontal lines that lead your eye around the room and keep the space grounded. Two string planters hang from the ceiling to add some interest higher up, and visually link the high wall and ceiling spaces with the rest of the room.
I made some hanging string planters to add some softness and greenery. I'll share my DIY tutorial next week.
Bedroom details (clockwise from top left): Ikea VAGGIS cork board to keep mementos, Kip & Co Emerald Tassel Throw, a space for everything (including mirror selfies), amazingly comfortable mattress and pillows from Ergoflex.
You're probably aware of the statistic that tells us we spend almost a third of our lives in bed? I imagine that percentage would be higher around the teenage years, when bed seems to have some weird gravitational pull on our kids. It's always important to choose the right mattress, but even more so for growing bodies that spend a disproportionate amount of time in bed. We haven't quite reached that stage yet, but I'm sure it's coming!
Roxy's new Ergoflex visco-elastic memory foam mattress ticks all the boxes for general and spine health as a high density orthopedic pressure-reducing mattress. The ideal mattress is one that is soft enough to allow your shoulders and hips to sink in while your waist, side and legs are firmly supported. It's to do with surface area and pressure: the more of your body that's in contact with the mattress, the less pressure there is on your shoulders and hips. A unique 'cool-sleep' air-flow system with an open cell structure allows air to circulate through the material.
An important consideration for Roxy as an asthma and allergy sufferer was also to have a mattress that is hypo allergenic and anti-microbial treated. Dust mites, bacteria, mould and mildew are all triggers for allergenic and asthmatic responses and knowing that they can be controlled effectively and safely is a huge bonus for me.
The impact of a good mattress and pillow – and therefore an optimum night's sleep – can't be underestimated. A comfortable, restful, good nights sleep has a considerable bearing on general health, mood, and well-being. And we all want our teens to be less moody!
1. Compare. All memory foam mattresses are not all created equal. Ergoflex has a comprehensive guide to memory foam including terms like density and IDL rating.
2. A mattress should be soft enough to allow your shoulders and hips to sink in while your waist, side and legs are firmly supported.
3. Invest in quality. A bed is a good long-term investment in your teenager's health.
4. Try the mattress out. It's hard to make a decision about getting a comfortable night's sleep based on hopping on and off a mattress in the showroom. Ergoflex offers a trial and return period of up to 100 days.
5. Consider the product's hypo allergenic and anti-microbial properties. This is important for all of us, but especially for children who are more susceptible to asthma and allergy triggers.
When you give an indecisive teen free rein to choose the bed linen and colours for her room it can be a tad frustrating to reach a decision! Luckily we both love everything from Kip & Co, so at least we were able to narrow the choice down to one brand.
With a little guidance Roxy decided on plain colours with a mix of fabulous textures, and a splash of pattern with the Dreamcatcher pillowcases. What's great about Kip & Co products is that the stunning colour palette is so expertly curated that you can mix and match pretty much anything – all the colours and patterns – and they'll work together. On Roxy's bed we mixed and matched and clashed soft rose, mustard, emerald, teal, pink, peach, grape and hot pink… and it looks incredible. I'm actually envious that her bed is much better dressed than mine now!
When layering bed linen it's important to add different textures for interest and warmth. This applies whether you're sticking to a monochromatic scheme or going crazy with colour. Roxy's bed mixes 100% linen sheets, cotton pillowcases, velvet cushions, pillow case and doona cover, a shiny shimmery heart cushion, and a textured throw with enormous tassels.
One of the best features of choosing layered, textured bed linen for your teen is that it actually looks its best when it's crumpled and a bit messed up!
The fabulous limited edition Banana Bunch wall hanging from Kip & Co is quirky and cool and features a fringed metallic trim. The planter is an upcycled DIY project I made which ties in with the peach and pink of the Dreamcatcher pillowcases.
1. If you choose your bed linen and accessories from a single brand or range it will make it easy to ensure everything will work together. This is a great approach if you tend to second guess your choices.
2. Go crazy and mix and match colours and patterns. Include a variety of textures for interest and warmth.
4. If in doubt stick to plain colours then add pattern with pillow slips. It's less of a commitment and you can change them easily.
5. Think about what other textile or textural elements will be in the room – like wall hangings and rugs – when choosing the bed linen.
Roxy's amp, leads and guitar paraphernalia fit neatly in a felt storage box under the bed.
Storage in a tiny room can be tricky – you need to find a balance between having as much storage as possible and not cluttering the space. I started by measuring the room and drawing a plan including the door placement so I knew exactly what I was working with.
Literally every centimeter can be critical in a small space, so when planning furniture make sure you measure the actual floor space of the room, not the space higher up, between the walls. The decorative skirting boards in Roxy's room are about 5cm wide, so there is a 10cm difference in the room width depending on how high up the wall you take the measurements. The tiny size of Roxy's room meant that I had to choose the shortest double bed available and it fit with literally a millimeter to spare.
Once I had the dimensions of the room I headed to Ikea's website to plan the best options for storage.
My tip is to choose furniture with a small footprint for a small room. The FJALKINGE shelves are perfect for this bedroom because they fit neatly behind the inward-opening French doors, and they're almost 2 metres tall. Despite taking up minimal floor space, the height and the two drawers make them super practical. The open framework gives the shelves a lightness that helps open up the room. A solid piece of furniture would look heavy and too dominant in this small space.
White TJENA storage boxes are simple and practical to store bits and pieces. Simplicity is key because visual clutter would make the room feel closed in. The styling of the shelves is minimal so the other side of the room remains the focus. The tall, narrow STAVE mirror reflects light and is an essential ingredient for a teen girl!
I decided against wall mounted cupboards because they would only make the room seem smaller. Instead we are using the space under the bed for storage. Roxy hangs clothes in my wardrobe, and everything else fits neatly in VARDO storage boxes under her bed. The boxes have covers to keep the dust out, and wheels so they roll in and out easily without damaging the floor.
I made decorative and practical wall hooks for Roxy's old bedside light and her headphones by painting cork coasters. One is attached to a removable 3M hook, and the other covers a hook I made from wire to fit over the headboard. The opposite end of the headboard has small shelves which are perfect for holding bits and pieces.
My girl is an avid reader, so bookshelves were a non negotiable inclusion in her new teen retreat. Vertical bookshelves are great for tiny rooms – you can fit a lot on them without compromising on floor space. I've had these bookshelves for sometime in our living room, but they are a perfect fit here in the small space between the bedroom door and the French doors.
1. Keep as much floor space free as possible. A cluttered floor will make the room look smaller.
2. Choose tall furniture with a small footprint, including vertical bookshelves.
3. Stay away from heavy looking solid furniture. Shelving units with open back and sides won't block the light and will be less obtrusive.
4. Utilise the empty space under the bed. Make it functional and easy by choosing boxes on wheels.
5. Small shelves and wall hooks are both practical and interesting design features.
We're lucky that the rest of our apartment has large rooms and the same super high ceilings. The compromise when we moved here was Roxy's tiny bedroom, but it's sunny and bright and with a bit of thought and a lot of style it's become a fabulous teen retreat that she's really happy to spend time in.
Disclosure: This post was produced in collaboration with Ergoflex, Kip & Co and Ikea. Some products were given to me, some were loaned for the shoot and others I purchased. We only partner with brands that are a good fit with our blog, our aesthetic and what you, our readers, enjoy. Content and concept, product selections, words and opinions are all my own. Thanks for supporting the brands that allow us to keep on Scouting.


Don't be bashful about your love for dogs; let this shirt do all the talking! Featuring a dog graphic with the text "I Just Really Like Dogs, OK?", this Animal World design is printed on a 100% cotton men's t-shirt.


Young people studying in a technical high school in Rezé ( near Nantes in the western part of France) are working for peace with their teachers.
All these men who don't shout ?
These women who don't laugh?
For their soul to be freed?
Four students Andréa, Clément, Gaëtan, Fakri with their teacher and town councillors went to Jerusalem at the begining of May , to bring this message on behalf also of their fellows Stéphane, Benjamin,Assyapaud, Quentin, Jérôme, Thomas, Loris et Yann.
And they wrote this poem on the wall in three languages: french, english and arabic.
This action received a financial aid from 4acg.


text:
Tables from the Department of Education, South Pyeong-an Branch of the Overseas Chinese Federation
Statistics on Overseas Chinese schools in South Pyeong-an Province, North Korea.
Tables from the Department of Education, Pyongyang Special City Branch of the Overseas Chinese Federation
Statistics on Overseas Chinese schools in Pyongyang, North Korea.
School Standardization, North Pyeong-an Province
Statistics and narrative reports on Overseas Chinese schools in North Pyeong-an Province, North Korea.
Summary of the Work of the Overseas Chinese Federation in South Hamgyong Province
Statistics and narrative reports on Overseas Chinese schools in South Hamgyong Province, North Korea.
Month End Investigative Report on Overseas Chinese Schools in Every Province of North Korea
Statistics relating to Overseas Chinese schools in North Korea.
The Korean Government Delegation's Visit to Moscow (Korean Version)
A report on a trip to Moscow made by a Korean government delegation, including information on what the delegation has seen and the conclusion of treaties with the Soviet Union on the economy, culture and technical assistance.
Ciphered Telegram No. 50513, Terebin to Kuznetsov, transmitting a Message from Mao Zedong to Filippov [Stalin]
Mao informs Stalin that they published a list of conditions under which they would consider entering negotiations with the Chinese Nationalist Government in Nanjing.
Memorandum of Conversation between Anastas Mikoyan and Zhou Enlai
Anastas and Zhou Enlai discuss Muslims in China, Chinese policy in inner Mongolia, the Guomindang navy, Guomindang forces, characteristics of Guomindang leaders, PLA arms, PLA military requests, PLA intelligence, and the organization of the war ministry. (Evening)
Memorandum of Conversation between Anastas Mikoyan and Mao Zedong
Anastas Mikoyan and Mao Zedong converse about the mediation talks between the CCP and the Guomindang, Yugoslavia, coordination between the communist parties of the Asian countries, and the history of the CCP.
Summary of Education Work in North Hamgyong
Narrative reports on Overseas Chinese schools in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea.
Summary of Shortcomings in Teachers' Work in North Hamgyong Province: Attachments
Narrative reports on education and the work of teachers at Overseas Chinese schools in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea.
Soviet-Korean Protocol about Temporarily Leaving Soviet Navy Subunits in the Port of Chongjin
List of agreements between the two governments that state that the USSR will leave some of their navy forces in the port of Chongjin, and that the DPRK will provide the necessary housing and facilities for the troops. Troops will be excused from customs and those working for the troops can move across borders with documents decided by both the USSR and DPRK.
Notes of the Conversation between Comrade I.V. Stalin and a Governmental Delegation from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea headed by Kim Il Sung
Kim Il Sung and Stalin discuss the military and economy in North Korea, Soviet-North Korean relations, and North Korea's relations with other foreign countries.
Note, V. Molotov to Cde. Stalin
The Soviet Commission on Korea prepared an official agreement between the USSR and DPRK, which gives the DPRK credit to purchase Soviet military equipment and materials.
National Security Council Report, NSC 8/1, 'The Position of the United States with Respect to Korea'
Report by the National Security Council to the President on US policy objectives regarding Korea.
Agreement between the Government of the USSR and the Government of the DPRK regarding Extending a Loan by the Soviet Union to the Government of the DPRK to Pay for Equipment and Materials as Well as the Military Property Supplied to Korea
Agreement between the government of the Soviet Union and the government of the DPRK to grant the Republic of Korea a loan to pay for the supplied equipment and materials, as well as military equipment.
Excerpt from Minutes Nº 68 of the CC Politburo Meeting of 18 March 1949, '14. Concerning Korea'
The Soviet Politburo approves several agreements concerning aid and trade between the Soviet Union and North Korea.
The Korean Issue at the Third General Assembly of the United Nations
Published by the Society for the Study of International Problems in 1949, this book contains a compilation of letters and news from 1948 that cover North Korea's position toward the Korean issue at the United Nations.
Telegram, Shtemenko and Vasilevsky to Stalin
A telegram informing Stalin that there has been about 37 violations from the South Koreans over the 38 parallel, and that the Soviet government should advise the North Koreans to take appropriate measures to be ready to respond to more provocative actions from the North Koreans.
Ciphered Telegram from Shtykov
Soviet Ambassador to North Korea Shtykov reports that South Korean forces were being expanded with US assistance and that the government of President Syngman Rhee was taking steps to increase the combat readiness of its army.