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The Winston Graham & Poldark Literary Society -> Poldark Experts -> Epidemics and the Poldarks
TOPIC: Epidemics and the Poldarks
Date: May 14 5:27 PM, 2020
RE: Epidemics and the Poldarks
Little Henry wrote:
Just read of another epidemic on page 39 in "The Miller's Dance". In February, 1812, putrid peripneumonia swept the county. Dr. Enys was extremely busy and we are reminded that Caroline looked on epidemics as a "useful way of regulating and reducing the surplus population. To fight them was to go against nature" Thankfully she did launch a campaign to aid the needy.
I would like to join the Polkark game. Should I go next?
Yes Little Henry please go ahead and post
Date: May 3 9:57 PM, 2020
Tabetha wrote:
I am intrigued by your references to the Poldark Game?
Hi Tabetha - Are you interested in joining the Poldark game? If so you can find the rules on the site. The game begins with the first person entering 'Ross Poldark'. Thereafter each player in turn posts the name of a character who has been in the same place as the character before. There are more rules but this is the outline. I have found that playing this game has drawn to my attention characters I haven't remembered. So as well as being fun to play it is also a learning process. We have three people who want to play but need another so if you would like to join us please let Ross Poldark or me know.
Thanks Stella I will read the rules, and yes I would love to play
Ross, Hollyhock and Tabetha please let me know when you are ready to start the Poldark Game. I suggest that we all read through the rules beforehand.
Date: May 1 11:50 PM, 2020
Hollyhock wrote:
Thanks to Little Henry I was reminded of the larger than life Dr. Sparrock (Jeremy Poldark, WL, pp. 61-67). How unfortunate that he was cut from later editions; he was such an intriguing character, much more interesting that either Choake or Behenna. In addition to paludal fever (malaria), Sparrock and Dwight mention tertian cachexia. I was surprised to learn that there were malaria epidemics in Cornwall.
Dr. Sparrock was dismissive of the self-proclaimed medical authorities of the day and their wildly conflicting treatment theories. Not much has changed in that regard; we still get wildly conflicting medical theories and advice. Although it wasn't contagious, scorbutus plagued the villages. Caroline diagnosed both the cause and the treatment in Jeremy. She said to Dwight, "But scorbutus is only scurvy, isn't it? Thousands of our sailors suffer from it and are no worse when they get home (p.250)." She bought Dwight loads of oranges to help fight the outbreak. In addition to several 'morbid sore throat' (diphtheria) epidemics, cholera and typhus outbreaks seemed to keep Dwight busy.
Much of the US is in lock-down as well and I hope the world heeds this time-out.
How are things going now in the US ref the new Coronavirus thread....?
Date: Apr 12 3:00 AM, 2020
We now have 3 people to play the Poldark Game so need at least one more person. TabithaB would you be interested?
Date: Apr 8 6:32 PM, 2020
Hollyhock - given that we are all in lock down would you be interested in playing The Poldark game? Perhaps others would be interested in this too?
-- Edited by Stella Poldark on Wednesday 8th of April 2020 06:33:27 PM
This topic made me think of when Dwight went to visit Dr. Sparrock in "Jeremy Poldark" to discuss the spread of paludal fever in Sawle. Dr. Sparrock says "Whole families sweating. And the children feeble and ugly, prominent ears and tumid bellies . . . then a whiff of measles and off they pop . . . I shouldn't be astonished at a severe epidemic." Later on in the book, though, Dwight chastises himself for his incompetence in not seeing that this fever masked a more serious complaint - scorbutus (scurvy). "These listless blotchy ailing people of Sawle, with their nose bleedings and their sallow skins, were the victims of an outbreak of scorbutus." Since scurvy is a lack of Vitamin C it's no wonder there were many cases as poverty was so widespread in the villages which leads to malnutrition. It wasn't just sailors who suffered.
What a different world it was in 1790 Cornwall where someone from Illuggan was considered a "foreigner" compared to our global world where we are all at risk because of all the travelling being done all over the world. I was quite surprised at the list of countries where Canadians are stranded and trying to get back home still. I'm reading "The Stranger From the Sea" as I've started from the first book and slowly getting to the final book. I wanted to comment that playing the "Poldark Game" made me more aware of all the minor characters mentioned that I never noticed before.
Take care everyone.
Little Henry - The conversation which Dwight had with Dr Sparrow In first edition 'Jeremy Poldark' was very interesting and it should not have been edited out from subsequent editions.
Like you, I have found 'The Poldark Game' brought to my attention the minor characters that I didn't register when reading the books. During the game my attention was also drawn to some characters that I hadn't registered at all when reading the books. If anyone would be interested in playing the game please let Ross or me know and we can set one up.
Date: Apr 3 4:21 AM, 2020
TabithaB
This is an interesting topic that got me thinking. The "putrid throat" or morbus strangulosus which took Julia's life comes to mind. In Demelza, this sickness is not described as an epidemic per se, but the results are devastating to many. It seems this illness came to Cornwall 40 or 50 years earlier - in mid-18th century.
We here in Los Angeles have been in "shelter in place" mode for 3 weeks. Everyone I know is doing lots of reading and house cleaning. I have started, yet again, The Angry Tide, my favorite Poldark novel.
Hope everyone stays safe and healthy.
Date: Mar 31 8:13 PM, 2020
Greetings Hollyhock - It has puzzled me why people are not posting here. We, in the UK, are allowed out only for food shopping and daily exercise with only a member or members of our household. So we have lots of time for other things although I am not finding it difficult to fill this time.
Your reference to Ross's having influenza has sent me running to TSFTS. One thing I do like about this enforced imprisonment is the time it makes available to read. I am currently reading The Loving Cup.
I cannot recall all the epidemics in the books. It would be interesting to record them all here.
You too take care.
Greetings Poldark friends,
Hope everyone is coping during this pandemic. It makes Dwight's frustrations with diphtheria and other epidemics seem all the more real. Ironically, Ross survived the deadly Bussaco battle with barely a scratch only to be hospitalized by influenza in TSFTS. When Demelza first saw him after his return, she said he was a "little greyer, pale of face" from his illness but was otherwise fine. Ross would have found social distancing a challenge but social distancing makes this a good time to re-read the saga.
Take care-


Note from Chris: Somebody who we work with very closely here at BMON is Andrew Leon Walker, who operates as a freelance marketing director. We often bounce ideas off Andrew, and thought it might be nice occasionally to have his fresh angle on things. So we've asked him to write for us once a month on the topics he's being asked about most often. Enjoy! I'll be back on Monday.
You'll have an idea in your head of the type of holiday that you want.
Everyone is different, so some of you will decide you need an all exclusive holiday in a hot climate with miles of sandy beaches, others will prefer a more tranquil, sedate experience and some of the culture vultures out there would rather spend their time exploring old ruins or museums.
Depending on a number of variables such as school holidays and times when business permits you'll finally be able to pencil two weeks into your calendar.
Most will turn to the internet for help, others will ask friends and family for recommendations, or you may even visit a high street travel agent. Or it may be a combination of all of these options.
After months of research you'll finally feel comfortable enough to book your holiday either through an online vendor, direct with the hotel and airline or via the high street.
Every time you book a holiday you'll go through this process. Why?
Because it's important to you, and you don't want it to fail. So at every stage you're looking to minimise risk.
Too few companies take as much time and effort planning for the success of their business. Most of the businesses that even have a written marketing plan see it as a tick box exercise and the document never again sees the light of day.
Your written marketing plan should be seen as a living document that helps guide marketing decisions such as resource planning, budgeting and strategic targeting. Yes, things on the ground will change and the plan will evolve over time but the goals and objectives of the business will remain constant.
To market your business without a written plan can mean jumping from one short term sales promotion to the next with ever diminishing returns.
One planning model to help in the creation of your marketing strategies or campaigns is PR Smith's SOSTAC® model. It's a model that's recommended by the Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) and one I use with my clients. Here's a link to the paperback version of the guide to your perfect digital marketing plan.


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Home Global Village Danish PM insulted US by rejecting Greenland deal: Trump
Danish PM insulted US by rejecting Greenland deal: Trump
The idea of the US buying Greenland was initially dismissed as a joke by some, but its strategic location has grown at a time when both Russia and China are flexing their muscles.
Donald Trump snapped back Wednesday at the Danish prime minister's "nasty" dismissal of his attempts to purchase Greenland, heightening a row which has already prompted the US president to scrap a state visit.
Hours after announcing he would not visit Copenhagen next month as planned, Trump accused Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen of insulting the United States as a whole by rejecting talk of buying Greenland as "absurd."
….The Prime Minister was able to save a great deal of expense and effort for both the United States and Denmark by being so direct. I thank her for that and look forward to rescheduling sometime in the future!
Greenland was a Danish colony until 1953, when it became part of the Danish Realm, and it gained "autonomous territory" status in 1979.
With Frederiksen voicing her annoyance at Trump's cancellation, the war of words marks another spat between the US and one of its traditional allies since Trump came to power two years ago on an avowedly "America First" foreign policy platform.
Trump — who made his name as a New York property mogul — has characterized his idea of buying Greenland as essentially "a large real estate" deal, arguing it is a burden on Denmark as the autonomous territory's economy depends heavily on subsidies from Copenhagen.
Speaking to reporters at the White House, Trump said he was not the first US president to have raised the idea of buying the vast Arctic island which has housed an American air base since even before it became formally a part of Denmark.
Read more: Trump offers to buy Greenland, Denmark courteously says 'NO'
"Greenland was just an idea, just a thought. But I think when they say it was 'absurd' — and it was said in a very nasty, very sarcastic way — I said, 'We'll make it some other time,'" Trump said. "We'll go to Denmark. I love Denmark. I've been to Denmark. And, frankly, we'll do it another time."
Trump accused Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen of insulting the United States as a whole by rejecting talk of buying Greenland as "absurd."
The idea of the US buying Greenland was initially dismissed as a joke by some, but its strategic location has grown at a time when both Russia and China are flexing their muscles. Greenland was a Danish colony until 1953, when it became part of the Danish Realm, and it gained "autonomous territory" status in 1979.
Its 55,000 inhabitants — of whom 17,000 reside in the capital Nuuk — are more than 90 percent Inuit, an indigenous group from Central Asia. The government of Greenland has insisted that the island is "not for sale" and Frederiksen told reporters on Wednesday that she fully endorsed that view.
Read more: UK's Johnson 'desperate' for Trump's post-Brexit help
"I am both annoyed and surprised that the US president has cancelled a state visit," said the prime minister who had been preparing to host Trump early next month. But, she added, "Denmark and the US are not in crisis, the US is one of our closest allies" and the invitation to visit was still open.
Her Foreign Minister Jeppe Kofod reaffirmed the strong relationship between the two nations, reporting that he'd had a "frank, friendly and constructive talk" with US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. "US & Denmark are close friends and allies with long history of active engagement across globe. Agreed to stay in touch on full range of issues of mutual interest," Kofod tweeted.
The State Department said that in this conversation Pompeo expressed appreciation for Denmark's contribution as a US ally. He and his Danish counterpart also talked about "strengthening cooperation with the Kingdom of Denmark – including Greenland – in the Arctic," the department said.
Read more: Secret texts reveal UK's role in Russiagate, Trump investigations
Show More Respect
The postponement of Trump's visit — which was announced on Twitter — has sparked strong reactions in Denmark. "Reality transcends imagination… this man is unpredictable," said Morten Ostergaard of the Social Liberal Party, which is part of the ruling coalition.
"For no reason, Trump assumes that (an autonomous) part of our country is for sale. Then insultingly cancels visit that everybody was preparing for," tweeted Rasmus Jarlov, a member of the opposition Conservative Party. "Are parts of the US for sale? Alaska? Please show more respect."
Read more: Loyalty Test for 'British Trump': Boris must Choose EU or US?
Nonetheless, the conservative newspaper Jyllands-Posten wrote that Trump's actions ultimately benefitted Denmark, highlighting Greenland's geopolitical value. The territory is home to the US airbase Thule, crucial during the Cold War as a first line of monitoring against a potential Russian attack.
But the melting polar ice sheet is opening up potentially major shipping routes, and untapped reserves of oil, gas and minerals will become increasingly accessible, leading Russia and China to show mounting interest in the region.
As far back as 1867, the US State Department expressed interest in the island. And in 1946, President Harry S. Truman offered $100 million in gold, or parts of Alaska, in exchange for Greenland.
© Agence France-Presse
'Howdy Modi' is a win-win. But does it matter?
The New Cold War may never arrive – M K Bhadrakumar
Global Economy suffers as Trump's Trade war continues
After threatening Saudi Arabia, US Court makes fresh bid to compensate 9/11 victims through Iran
PM Abbasi tells UN: Don't involve us in new 'great game'
Atif Aslam to sing track written by Salman Khan
Google takes further action against extremist videos on YouTube

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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We are knowledgeable and will secure the most competitive terms and rates available in the marketplace. We can provide you insurance solutions on your one racehorse or a stable of mares, foals and yearlings. Understanding the changes to each client's investment, we strive to offer superior service every step of the way. We've insured Thoroughbreds at their peak value, from syndicated stallions and Breeder's Cup Champions to Kentucky Derby winners. Our clients know we are the source for the right insurance solution.
Kevin Lavin grew up on Longfield Farm, a thoroughbred breeding farm outside of Louisville, KY established by his family in 1980. The Lavin Family has worked in and around the thoroughbred community for over 50 Years. Dr. Gary Lavin is a retired racetrack vet and Keeneland Board Member while Elizabeth Lavin served on the Kentucky Racing Commission Board for decades.
Kevin has worked in the insurance industry for 30 years. After graduating from Centre College in 1987, he worked for Harris & Harris, a property and casualty agency. He founded Lavin Insurance Services in 1997 and became a Certified Insurance Counselor in 1996.
Kevin gives back to the equine community as a Board Member of both The Grayson Jockey Club Foundation and Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association.


We decided to get a head start this year to get more players qualified, so here is the first qualifier for the 2018 OCC!
Registration will go up to 200 players, out of which 130 are already pre-registered. So if you're planning to play, hurry!


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Heinrich Jacob von Recklinghausen (ur. 17 kwietnia 1867 w Würzburgu, zm. 12 grudnia 1942 w Monachium) – niemiecki lekarz, badacz ciśnienia krwi, filozof i poeta.

Życiorys
Jego ojciec, Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen, był jednym z najbardziej znanych studentów Rudolfa Virchowa, profesora anatomii patologicznej. Matka, Marie Jacobson (1846–1918), pochodziła z Braniewa w Prusach Wschodnich i była córką znanego miejscowego lekarza Jacoba Jacobsona.

Heinrich Recklinghausen prowadził skromne życie i poza rodziną siostry nie utrzymywał prawie żadnych kontaktów. W latach 30. XX w. krąg znajomych jeszcze zmalał. W 1930 zmarł jego szwagier prof. Wilhelm Spiegelberg, a w 1939, gdy narodowy socjalizm stawał się coraz bardziej groźny dla półżydowskiej rodziny, trzech jego siostrzeńców opuściło Niemcy. Po przystąpieniu USA do wojny wymiana listów z nimi stała się również niemożliwa. Beznadziejność katastrofy II wojny światowej, którą odczuwał, wyrażała się przede wszystkim w jego wierszach.

Kariera zawodowa
Uczęszczał do protestanckiego gimnazjum w Strasburgu, był najlepszym uczniem w swojej klasie (matura 1885). Następnie studiował medycynę w Kilonii, Lipsku, Monachium, Genewie, Heidelbergu, Berlinie i Strasburgu. Podczas pierwszego roku studiów w klinice w Monachium rozwinęła się u niego ciężka neurastenia i chroniczna bezsenność. To opóźniło ukończenie studiów i rozpoczęcie normalnej aktywności zawodowej. Od 1890 do 1904 pracował jako asystent lekarza w różnych szpitalach, w 1896 w Monachium, w 1902 w Bernie w instytucie Hugo Kroneckera oraz jako lekarz okrętowy, z przerwami na leczenie w sanatoriach. Podczas pobytów w sanatorium zaczął malować, głównie tworząc pejzaże. W 1895 roku w Strasburgu Recklinghausen uzyskał stopień doktora.

Do 1910 roku mieszkał w domu swoich rodziców w Strasburgu jako nieetatowy naukowiec i dzięki ścisłej samodyscyplinie powrócił do zdrowia. Podczas pierwszej wojny światowej pracował jako lekarz w szpitalu polowym w Strasburgu. Pod koniec wojny, ze względu na swoje niemieckie pochodzenie, musiał opuścić Strasburg w Alzacji i przeniósł się do Heidelbergu, gdzie zamieszkał w domu swojej siostry Elisabeth, która była żoną egiptologa Wilhelma Spiegelberga. W 1924 roku rodzina przeniosła się do Monachium. Recklinghausen przeniósł się razem z nimi i do końca życia mieszkał z rodziną siostry.

Osiągnięcia

Heinrich Recklinghausen posiadał uzdolnienia matematyczno-analityczne, mechaniczno-praktyczne oraz filozoficzno-artystyczne. Na polu naukowym poświęcił się głównie fizjologii układu krążenia (zwłaszcza badaniom ciśnienia krwi) i mechanice kończyn. Kwintesencją jego pracy jako lekarza szpitalnego była dwutomowe dzieło "Mechanika i protezy paraliżu" (1920), w którym opisał matematyczne podstawy budowy sprzętu.

Był nie tylko jednym z czołowych niemieckich badaczy ciśnienia krwi w XX wieku, prócz działalności jako lekarz i naukowiec był też poetą i filozofem. Jego twórczość do dziś pozostała prawie całkowicie niezauważona lub została błędnie przypisana jego ojcu. Heinrich Recklinghausen opisał teoretyczne i praktyczne podstawy oscylometrycznego pomiaru ciśnienia krwi, które przyczyniły się rozwoju współczesnej technologii pomiarów cyfrowo-elektronicznych.

Studia kulturowe
Oprócz aktywności na polu medycyny działalność Heinricha Recklinghausena obejmowała przedstawienia postaci w sztuce egipskiej (profile postaci jako wyraz egipskiego światopoglądu), dotyczyła reformy druku (spór o kroje pisma Antiqua oraz Fraktury) oraz reformy prawa wyborczego. Korespondował z socjologiem Maxem Weberem i politykiem Theodorem Heussem. Dokumenty, które pozostawił, zniknęły po przeprowadzeniu przeszukania w jego pokoju przez gestapo.

Filozofia
Heinrich Recklinghausen był także filozofem. Dziedzictwo filozoficzne (niepublikowane) składa się z tysięcy stron odręcznych notatek, tabel i rękopisów, które zostały napisane w latach 1905–1942. Filozofia przyrody Recklinghausena opisywała się przede wszystkim zdolności poznawcze człowieka. Metafizycznie lub epistemologicznie opisał fenomenologię przyrody (w tym fizykę atomową) i rozwinął oryginalną filozoficzną koncepcję poznania przyrody: teorię dwóch mediów (świat rzeczy – świat pozorowany), metafizykę wszechświata (rzeczywistość – nadrzeczywistość). Korespondował też z wieloma wybitnymi filozofami, m.in. Heinrichem Rickertem, Paulem Henselem i Albertem Schweitzerem. W jego pismach widoczny był wpływ filozofii indyjskiej oraz pism Nicolaia Hartmanna i Alfreda North Whiteheada.

Niektóre pisma
 Ueber Blutdruckmessung beim Menschen. W: , 46, 1901, s. 78
 Unblutige Blutdruckmessung. W: Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie, 55, 1906, s. 375
 Was wir durch die Pulsdruckkurve und durch die Pulsdruckamplitude über den großen Kreislauf erfahren. W: Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie, 56, 1906, s. 1
 Neue Apparate zur Messung des arteriellen Blutdrucks beim Menschen. W: , 60, 1913, s. 817
 Gliedermechanik und Lähmungsprothesen. 2 Bände. Berlin 1920
 Eine neue Pumpe zur Blutdruckmessung am Menschen. W: Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medizin, 146, 1925, s. 212
 Rechtsprofil und Linksprofil in der Zeichenkunst der alten Ägypter. W: , 63, 1927, s. 14
 Druckschriftreform. Zwei Abhandlungen zur Fraktur-Antiqua-Frage. W: Mitteilungen der Akademie zur Wissenschaftlichen Erforschung und Pflege des Deutschtums (Deutsche Akademie), 2. Heft, 1929
 Neue Wege der Blutdruckmessung. Berlin 1931
 Blutdruck-Meßmanschette mit Hilfen zur Aufbringung am Oberarm. W: Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift, s. 79 (1932) 1238
 Blutdruckmessung und Kreislauf in den Arterien des Menschen. Dresden 1940

Zmarli w 1942
Urodzeni w 1867
Niemieccy lekarze

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Tuesdays mean new album releases in America, and I'm pleased to present you with a list of artists putting out something new each week right around this time. The point is, if one of your favorite artists is doing something and you totally forgot about it, maybe this acts as a reminder. So look for fresh records from Antibalas, Antony and the Johnsons, Birds & Batteries, Buffalo Killers, Fergus and Geronimo, Hungry Ghost, Ivan & Alyosha, Los Straightjackets, Ned Collette and Wirewalker, Nu Sensae, Ormonde, The Orwells, So Many Wizards, Stagnant Pools, Sweet Valley and Tidelands. If you didn't recognize most of those names, that's because there's not a whole lot of high profile releases this week. Well, unless you count reissues from Johnny Cash, Archers of Loaf and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. But the set of mp3s in today's Pick Your Poison are surprisingly recognizable, so let me run down some recommended ones for you. Don't miss downloading tracks from Ali Koehler (ex-Vivian Girls/Best Coast), Gabe Goodman, I/O, King Dude, Kisses, Matmos, Mike Coykendall with Ben Gibbard & Zooey Deschanel, Paul Banks (of Interpol), Paul Stewart, The Slowdown and Wild Nothing. I kind of love this set of music. In the Soundcloud section you can stream new stuff from the legendary Bob Mould, along with Woods and Keep Shelly in Athens' remix of Reptile Youth.


Some people like spotting trains and planes but for me, it has always been cars. I don't know when my fascination started but one of my earliest memories is attending the Earl's Court Motor Show in London with my Dad sometime around the beginning of the 90's. I came away with many posters and booklets from that day, some of which remained on my bedroom wall at home for the next 15+ years. One day I hope to be able to produce some car photographs worthy of a place on a poster.
Until then, I'll keep on practicing whenever I get the opportunity - like with this shot, which I grabbed while at a local shopping centre. The lighting wasn't ideal but I have always been a big fan of Porsche and was immediately drawn to the classic profile view. Something I've noticed is that people with cool cars seem to take a lot more pride in the way they park them. This 911 Carrera was on full display near one of the entrances. The number plate was "MR COOL", which I'm not sure is necessary - maybe overstating the obvious a bit!


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\section{Introduction}

 Constrained Optimum Path (COP) problems, where optimum path from origin to destination satisfying additional constraints must be found, appear in many real-life applications, especially on communication and transportation networks. These problems have attracted considerable attention from different research communities: operations research, telecommunications because of its various applications (see \cite{Carlyle03} and the references therein).

 Most of COP problems are NP-hard. Some instances can be solved efficiently by specific techniques, for instance, branch and bound using a Lagrangian-based bound \cite{beasley89}, vertex-labeling \cite{dumitrescu03}, etc. These techniques seem to be sophisticated and depend on particular constraints and objective functions to be optimized. Moreover, they are difficult to extend, for example, when we face with generalized problems where more constraints are required to be satisfied. We propose in this paper a novel approach for modeling and solving some COP problems by local search where the desired paths are elementary (i.e. no repeated nodes). The objective of this work is to extend the \texttt{LS(Graph \& Tree)} framework \cite{pqdung09} by the design and the implementation of abstractions allowing to easily model and solve some COP problems using this approach. The computational model features compositionality, modularity, reuse, and strengthens the local search modeling benefits of Constraint-Based Local Search \cite{pvh05} which provides the separation of concerns.

 The proposed computational model has been applied to the EDP problem. Computational results show the significance of the approach.

 \section{Modeling paths with spanning trees}
 We introduce in this section the proposed approach for modeling COP problems with spanning trees. We first give somes definitions and notations over graphs. Our framework considers both directed and undirected graphs but for simplicity, we consider in this presentation only undirected graphs.

 Given  an undirected graph $g$, we denote $V(g)$, $E(g)$ respectively the set of nodes and the set of edges of $g$.

 In this paper, we only consider elementary paths, henceforth we use the word "path" instead of "elementary path" if there is no ambiguity. A graph is connected if and only if there exists a path from $u$ to $v, \forall u,v\in V(g)$. A tree is an undirected connected graph containing no cycles. A spanning tree $tr$ of an undirected connected graph $g$ is a tree spanning all the nodes of $g$: $V(tr)=V(g)$ and $E(tr)\subseteq E(g)$. A tree \textit{tr} is called a rooted tree at $r$ if the node $r$ has been designated the root. Each edge of $tr$ is implicitly oriented towards the root. If the edge $(u,v)$ is oriented from $u$ to $v$, we call $v$ the father of $u$ on $tr$.

 The key decision design is inspired from the following observation: Given a rooted tree $tr$ whose root is $t$, the path from a given node $s$ to $t$ on $tr$ is unique. An update of $tr$ will generate a new rooted tree which may induce a new path from $s$ to $t$ on this tree.

 Given an undirected graph $g$ and a node $r\in V(g)$, \textit{VarRootedSpanningTree}$(g,r)$ (also called rooted spanning tree variable) is a concept representing a dynamic spanning tree of $g$. The spanning tree is rooted at $r$.

 In order to model a COP problem in an undirected graph $g$ in which the source and the target of the desired path are respectively $s,t\in V(g)$, we use \textit{VarRootedSpanningTree}$(g,s,t)$ which is \textit{VarRootedSpanningTree}$(g,t)$ with a node $s$ designated as the source node. Each instance $tr$ of \textit{VarRootedSpanningTree}$(g,s,t)$ specifies a unique path from $s$ to $t$ on $g$. Henceforth we use $s$ to denote the source node of any rooted spanning tree of the given graph and the path from $s$ to the root of a rooted spanning tree $tr$ on $tr$ is called the path induced by $tr$ if there is no ambiguity.

 The main avantage of using rooted spanning tree for modeling paths instead of using explicit paths representation (i.e. a sequence of nodes) is the simplification of neighborhood computation. The tree structure constains rich information that induces directly path structure from a node $s$ to the root. A simple update over that tree (i.e. an edge replacement which is detailed in Section \ref{neighborhood}) will induce a new path from $s$ to the root.

 \section{Neighborhood}\label{neighborhood}
 Given an instance $tr$ of \textit{VarRootedSpanningTree}$(g,s,t)$, we show how to change $tr$ in order to generate a new rooted spanning tree $tr'$ of $g$ which induces a new path from $s$ to $t$ on $g$.

 Given an undirected graph $g$, an instance $tr$ of \textit{VarRootedSpanningTree}$(g,s,t)$, an edge $e=(u,v)$ such that $e\in E(g)\setminus E(tr)$ is called \textit{replacing} edge of $tr$. We denote $rpl(tr)$ the set of \textit{replacing} edges of $tr$. Given $e\in rpl(tr)$, an edge $e'$ that belongs to the path between two endpoints of $e$ on $tr$ is called \textit{replacable} edge of $e$. We denote $rpl(tr,e)$ the set of \textit{replacable} edges of $e$. Intuitionally, a \textit{replacing} edge $e$ is an edge that is not in the tree $tr$ but that can be added to $tr$ (this edge insertion creates a cycle $C$ when we ignore orientations of edges of $tr$), and all edges of this cycle except $e$ are \textit{replacable} edges of $e$.

 Given an undirected graph $g$, an instance $tr$ of \textit{VarRootedSpanningTree}$(g,s,t)$, $e$ and $e'$ are respectively \textit{replacing} edge of $tr$ and \textit{replacable} edge of $e$, we define the following edge replacement action:
 \begin{enumerate}
     \item Insert the edge $e=(u,v)$ to $tr$. This creates an undirected graph $g$ with a cycle $C$ containing the edge $e'$.
     \item Remove $e'$ from $g$.
 \end{enumerate}

 After taking above edge replacement action, we obtain a new rooted spaning tree $tr'$ of $g$. We denote $tr'=rep(tr,e',e)$. The neighborhood of $tr$ is \[N(tr)=\{tr'=rep(tr,e',e)\mid e\in rpl(tr),e'\in rpl(tr,e)\}\]

 It is easy to observe that two different spanning trees $tr_1$ and $tr_2$ rooted at $t$ of an undirected graph $g$ may induce the same path from $s$ to $t$ on $g$ ($s,t\in V(g)$). The neighborhood $N(tr)$ must then be reduced such that the new tree induces a new path from $s$ to $t$. This reduction is described in \cite{techrep09}. The action $rep(tr,eo,ei)$ is called a basic move. Figure 1 gives an example of basic move.

 \begin{figure}\label{basicmove}
 \begin{center}
 \begin{tabular}{cc}
 \includegraphics[width=3cm]{originaltree.jpg} & \includegraphics[width=3cm]{replace1.jpg}\\
 a. current tree $tr$ & b. $tr'=rep(tr,(7,11),(8,10))$
 \end{tabular}
 \end{center}
 \caption{Example of basic move}
 \end{figure}

 It is possible to consider more complex moves by applying a set of independent basic moves. Two basic moves are independent if the execution of the first one does not affect the second one and vice versa. The execution order of these basic moves does not affect the final result. Figure 2 gives an example of complex move.

 \begin{figure}\label{complexmove}
 \begin{center}
 \begin{tabular}{cc}
 \includegraphics[width=3cm]{originaltree.jpg} & \includegraphics[width=3cm]{replace2.jpg}\\
 a. current tree $tr$ & b. $tr'=rep(tr,(7,11),(8,10),(3,4),(1,5))$
 \end{tabular}
 \end{center}
 \caption{Example of complex move}
 \end{figure}

 \section{\texttt{COMET} implementation}
 We extend the \texttt{LS(Graph \& Tree)} framework by implementing some \textit{GraphInvariants}, \textit{GraphConstraint}s and \textit{GraphObjective}s (see \cite{pqdung09} for more detail) for modeling and solving some COP problems. \textit{GraphInvariant} is a concept representing objects which maintain some properties of a dynamic graph\footnote{dynamic graph is a graph that can be changed e.g., by the removal or the insertion of vertices, edges.} (for instance, the sum of weights of all the edges of a graph, the diameter of a tree, etc.). \textit{GraphConstraint} and \textit{GraphObjective} are concepts describing differentiable objects which maintain some properties (for instance, the number of violations of a constraint or the value of an objective function) of a dynamic graph. The main feature of \textit{GraphConstraint} and \textit{GraphObjective} is the interface, allowing to query the impact of local moves (modification of the dynamic graph) on these properties. Some \textit{GraphConstraints} and \textit{GraphObjectives} have been designed and implemented over \textit{VarRootedSpanningTree}. For instance, \texttt{PathCostOnEdges(tr,k)} \footnote{\texttt{tr} is a \textit{VarRootedSpanningTree}, \texttt{k} is the index of the considered weight on edges.} is an abstraction representing the total weight accumulated along the path induced by \texttt{tr}, \texttt{MinEdge\-Cost(tr,k)}, \texttt{MaxEdgeCost(tr,k)} are abstractions representing the minimal and maximal weight of edges on the path induced by \texttt{tr}. \texttt{NodesVisited(tr,S)} is an abstraction representing the number of nodes of \texttt{S} visited by the path induced by \texttt{tr}. These abstractions are example of \textit{GraphObjectives} which are fundamental when modeling Constrained Optimum Path problems. For example, in QoS, we consider shortest path from an origin to a destination with constraints over bandwidth which is defined to be the minimum weight of edges on the specified path. The framework provides flexibility for modeling various Constrained Optimum Path problems. We can easily combine (with +,-,* operator) and state basic constraints (for instance, $<=, >=, ==$) over these abstractions. \texttt{PathEdgeDisjoint(\-tr)} is another \textit{GraphConstraint} which is defined over an array of paths (the $i^{th}$ path is induced by \texttt{tr[i]}) and specifies that these paths are mutually edge-disjoint.

In order to illustrate the modeling, we give a snippet (see Figure 3) which explores the basic neighborhood. Line 1 initializes a \texttt{LSGraphSolver} object \texttt{ls} which manages all the
\textit{VarGraph}, \textit{VarTree}, \textit{GraphInviant}s,
\textit{GraphConstraint}s and \textit{GraphObjective}s and relations
(dependency graph) between these objects. Line 2 declares and initializes randomly a \texttt{VarRootedSpanningTree} \texttt{tr} rooted at \texttt{t} of the input graph \texttt{g} which represents the path from the source node \texttt{s} to \texttt{t}. \texttt{prefReplacing} and \texttt{prefReplacable} are \textit{GraphInvariants} which maintain the set of \textit{preferred replacing} edges\footnote{edges used for the edge replacements which return new trees inducing new paths from $s$ to $t$.} and \textit{preferred replacable} edges (lines 3-4). Lines 5-7 explore the basic neighborhood and evaluate the quality of moves with respect to a \textit{GraphConstraint} \texttt{C}. The \texttt{getReplaceEdgeDelta} (line 7) method returns the variation of the number of violations of \texttt{C} when the \textit{preferred replacable} edge \texttt{eo} is replaced by the \textit{preferred replacing} edge \texttt{ei} on \texttt{tr}.

\begin{figure}\label{modelingexample}
\texttt{
\begin{tabbing}
1. LSGraphSolver ls();\\
2. VarR\=ootedSpanningTree tr(ls,g,s,t);\\
3. PreferredReplacingEdges prefReplacing(tr);\\
4. PreferredReplacableEdges prefReplacable(tr);\\
5. fora\=ll(ei in prefReplacing.getSet())\\
6. \>fora\=ll(eo in prefReplacable.getSet(ei))\\
7. \>\>d = C.getReplaceEdgeDelta(tr,eo,ei);
\end{tabbing}
}
\caption{Exploring the basic neighborhood}
\end{figure}

\section{Application: The EDP problem}

Given an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$, and a set $T=\lbrace<s_i,t_i>\mid s_i\neq t_i\in V\rbrace$ representing a list of commodities ($\sharp T=k$). EDP consists of finding a maximal cardinality set of mutually edge-disjoint paths from $s_i$ to $t_i$ on $G$ ($<s_i,t_i>\in T$). In \cite{blesa07}, a Multi-start Simple Greedy algorithm is presented as well as an ACO algorithm. The ACO is known to be state-of-the-art for this problem. We propose a local search algorithm using the modeling approach. The model is given in Figure 4 where line 2 initializes an array of \texttt{k} \texttt{VarRootedSpanningTree}s representing \texttt{k} paths between commodities. The edge-disjoint constraint \texttt{ed} is which is defined over paths from \texttt{s[i]} to \texttt{t[i]} on \texttt{tr[i]} (\texttt{i = 1, 2, ..., k}) stated in line 3.
\begin{figure}
\texttt{
\begin{tabbing}
void \=stateModel\{\\
1. \>LSGraphSolver ls();\\
2. \>VarRootedSpanningTree tr[i in 1..k](ls,g,s[i],t[i]);\\
3. \>PathEdgeDisjoint ed(tr);\\
4.\>ls.close();\\
5.\}
\end{tabbing}
}
\label{edp_model}
\caption{The Modeling for the EDP problem}
\end{figure}
In \cite{blesa07}, the following criterion is introduced which quantifies the degree of non-disjointness of a solution $S=\{P_1,P_2,...P_k\}$ ($P_j$ is a path from $s_j$ to $t_j$):
\[C(S)=\sum_{e\in E}(max\{0,\sum_{P_j\in S}\rho^j(S,e)-1\})\] where $\rho^j(S,e)=1$, if $e\in P_j\in S$ and $\rho^j(S,e)=0$, otherwise.

The number of violations of the $PathEdgeDisjoint(P_1,P_2,...,P_k)$ constraint in the framework is defined to be $C(\{P_1,P_2,...,P_k\})$ and the proposed local search algorithm tries to minimize this criterion. From a solution which is normally a set of $k$ non-disjoint, a feasible solution to the EDP problem can be extracted by iteratively removing the path which has most edges in common with other paths until all remaining paths are mutually edge-disjoint as suggested in \cite{blesa07}. In our local search model, we extend that idea by taking a simple greedy algorithm over the remaining paths after that extraction procedure in hope of improving the number of edge-disjoint paths.

The main idea for the search is to try different moves to get a first improvement: 1-move or 2-move over one \texttt{VarRootedSpanningTree}, two 1-moves at hand over two \texttt{VarRootedSpanningTree}s.

For the experimentation, we re-implemented in \texttt{COMET} the Multi-start Greedy Algorithm (MSGA) and the ACO (the extended version) algorithm which are described in \cite{blesa07}, and compare them with our local search model. The instances experimented (graphs including commodities) in the original paper \cite{blesa07} is not available at the moment (except some graphs). We base on the instances generation description in the paper \cite{blesa07} and generate new instances as follows. We take 4 graphs from \cite{blesa07}. For each graph, we generate randomly different sets of commodities with different sizes depending on the size of the graph: for each graph of size $n$, we generate randomly 20 instances with 0.10*$n$, 0.25*$n$ and 0.40*$n$ commodities. In total, we have 240 problems instances. Due to the huge complexity of the problem, we execute each problem instance once with a time limit of 30 minutes for each execution. Experimental results are shown in Table 1. The time window for the MSGA and the ACO algorithms are also 30 minutes. The Table reports the average values of the objective function of the best solutions found and the average of times for obtaining these best solutions of 20 instances (a graph $G=(V,E)$ and a set of $r*|V|$ commodities, $r=0.10,0.25,0.40$). The Table shows that our local search model gives competitive results in comparison with the MSGA and the ACO algorithms. In comparison with the MSGA, our local search model find better solutions in 217/240 instances while the MSGA find better solutions in 4/240 instances. On the other hand, in comparison with the ACO model, our local search model find better solutions in 144/240 instances while the ACO model find better solutions in 11/240 instances.

\section{Conclusion and future work}
We introduce in this paper a novel local search modeling for Constrained Optimum Path problems on graphs. The objective here is to give a high-level modeling framework for implementing some COP problems which strengthens the benefits modeling of CBLS and features compositionality, modularity and reuse. The modeling provides a clean seperation of concerns: The modeling component and the search component are independent. On one hand, it is easy to add new constraints and to modify or remove existing ones, without having to worry about the global effect of these changes. On the other hand, programmers can experiment with different heuristic and metaheuristics without affecting the problem modeling. The modeling is based on $VarRootedSpanningTree(g,s,t)$ concept inspiring the observation that each tree induces a unique path between two specified nodes and a update over this tree satisfying additional contraints generates a new tree which induces a new path between these nodes. Various neighborhoods for have been defined. The abstraction is implemented by extending the \texttt{LS(Graph \& Tree)} in \texttt{COMET}. The modeling has been experimented on the resources constrained shortest path problem and the edge-disjoint paths problem which show the significance of the framework.

\begin{table*}[t]\label{edp}
\begin{small}{
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|r|r|r|r|r|r|}
\hline
\multirow{2}*{instance} & \multirow{2}*{com.} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{MSGA} & \multicolumn{2}{|c}{ACO} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Local search}\\
\cline{3-8}
 & & \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$\overline{q}$} & \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$\overline{t}$} & \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$\overline{q}$} & \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$\overline{t}$} & \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$\overline{q}$} & \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{$\overline{t}$}\\
\hline
\multirow{3}*{mesh25x25.bb} & 62 & 36.95 & 546.854 & 31.1 & 880.551 & \textbf{38.85} & 1165.47\\
 & 156 & 44.65 & 863.007 & 47.5 & 965.921 & \textbf{55.5} & 1082.78\\
 & 250 & 50.5 & 672.962 & 60.5 & 972.396 & \textbf{67.95} & 967.087\\
\hline
\multirow{3}*{mesh15x15.bb} & 22 & 20.55 & 517.601 & 18.6 & 500.812 & \textbf{21} & 384.828\\
 & 56 & 27.15 & 651.27 & 28.35 & 988.782 & \textbf{30.3} & 485.693\\
 & 90 & 31 & 797.534 & 34.55 & 746.96 & \textbf{36.05} & 435.308\\
\hline
\multirow{3}*{bl-wr2-wht2.10-50.rand.bb} & 50 & 18.7 & 688.651 & 19.6 & 201.235 & \textbf{20.05} & 228.382\\
 & 125 & 27.2 & 643.51 & 31.15 & 338.446 & \textbf{31.2} & 241.047\\
 & 200 & 36.6 & 625.138 & 41.55 & 164.783 & \textbf{41.7} & 202.186\\
\hline
\multirow{3}*{bl-wr2-wht2.10-50.sdeg.bb} & 50 & 18.65 & 470.26 & 19.75 & 223.396 & \textbf{20.1} & 311.887\\
 & 125 & 28.1 & 662.916 & 31.55 & 163.151 & \textbf{31.85} & 357.25\\
 & 200 & 33.3 & 487.999 & 38.05 & 217.362 & \textbf{38.25} & 178.417\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\end{center}
}
\end{small}
\caption{Experimental results of EDP problem}
\end{table*}

\subsubsection*{Acknowledgments}
We would like to thank Maria Jos\'{e} Blesa Aguilera who has kindly provided some graphs for the experimentation. This research is also partially supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme (Belgian State, Belgian Science Policy).

\section{Bibliography}

\bibliographystyle{eptcs}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Last week, I shared some unedited responses from several physicians to 3 simple questions I had posed to them. Basically, it asked them to comment, from their perspective, on the biggest mistake patients make, the biggest mistake doctors make, and the biggest overall obstacle to improved patient care. You can read the article and detailed answers here. This week, I'm offering my take on their answers, and what this means for patients.
The doctors all had very different answers on the biggest mistake they perceive coming from their patients. Two commented on the internet being a double-edged sword of both information and misinformation, leading to possible preconceived ideas or mistrust. One stated that not discussing all symptoms, or not describing them accurately was an issue. Others included being closed minded (entering the discussion with prejudice), not asking for clarification about treatment plans and/or diagnoses, and lack of understanding of the time stresses on the doctors.
To me, this boils down to errors in education (information) and/or communication: either entering the exam already thinking you know what's going on and how to treat it, or not accurately representing your symptoms or feelings and/or your understanding of your diagnosis and treatment plan. Certainly, commencing a relationship with a doctor and feeling that you know as much, or more, than they do about your disease is not going to be popular with them, even if it's true. To be fair, almost anyone would be defensive if faced with someone who acted like they knew more about a subject to which you devoted a huge portion of your life and education!, I think this attitude can get us in trouble with ourselves as well–having a strong opinion in any direction is less likely to lead us down the appropriate path. Better to have thoughts or insights while keeping an open mind, then to pridefully think we have all the answers and view our doctors as a stumbling block or just a medication dispensary!, We can make our knowledge and information known, relevant, and non-threatening when we approach our doctor as a team mate.
"What are your thoughts on T3 therapy?, Is this relevant in my case?, What are the pros and cons of this approach?, Have you seen cases like mine that benefited from any additional or different treatments?, Should we be exploring other causes of my symptoms–could you tell me about adrenal fatigue? Contrast these questions with these: "Synthetic hormones aren't working. I want Armour…, "I've done research online and just know I have adrenal fatigue. I want testing for this or cortisone… You may very well know more about a subject than a particular doctor–and you absolutely know your body better than anyone, but open ended questions will begin a dialogue, and you may both learn something by communicating this way. Your doctor may have not considered you a good candidate for T3 therapy because you are at high risk or have underlying heart disease, or some other scenario which you may have not considered.
Remarkably, all the doctors had the same opinion of the biggest mistake doctors make in patient care. Not having or taking the time to develop a relationship and listening to patients was described in some manner by EVERY doctor. For many of us, this is not breaking news. Some aspects we are not going to be able to change–none of us can expect bevies of personal phone calls for results or a doubling of allotted appointment times–but with this knowledge we can tip the balance in our favor.
How do we get our doctors to listen to us?, Really listen?, There are two primary components–open communication and actively listening ourselves. Make sure that when you speak to your doctor, you are specific (instead of "I'm tired all the time say "In the past month, I've slept 8 hours each night, and still need a 1-2 hour nap several days each week), concise (instead of "So, it seems like I feel cold a lot–I often need to wear a sweatshirt around the house. And I'm just really run down, I never seem to have any energy and I could fall asleep standing up if wasn't careful. Oh, and I have to wear socks to bed, too… say "My primary continuing symptoms are cold intolerance, increased need for sleep), and direct (be clear and assertive, but kind, "My symptoms tell me my thyroid is still not optimally balanced. I would like to discuss additional testing/T3 therapy/etc…). Then, it's our turn to actively listen–repeat what your doctor says back to him or her, so that you are both sure you understand ("You are concerned about initiating T3 therapy for me because I have been extra sensitive to medications in the past…). As stated above, open ended questions also promote a team approach–your doctor can talk with you, not at you, and you both can feel confident you are on the same page. Make sure you end each appointment knowing the short term plan (such as increasing medication dosages), the long term goal (such as lab values in an acceptable range AND feeling improved), when to expect any results, and when to schedule follow-up appointments. , Personally, I also ask at the end of each appointment if my current response to treatment is typical in my doctor's experience (and if not, what he feels is the cause), how our plan will change if I am not responding as presumed, and if there are any other factors or problems we have not yet considered or discussed that could be part of my particular case. If all your best efforts fail, ask your doctor (really!) or friends for a recommendation for another physician.
Lastly, the doctor responses touched on two overall obstacles to improving patient lives. The influence of health insurance was one–lack of good coverage, insurance dictating allowable treatments, and placing the doctor and patient at odds with each other. My (admittedly superficial) research on insurance is that it is one tangled mess–like the tax code–and will be difficult to navigate globally to be of any help individually (although I will do my best in the future). The other major response was a lack of compliance–patients not following treatment plans, and resisting lifestyle changes such as improving diet and exercise to improve their general health. This is the part of our health that we have the greatest ability to control–it is our responsibility to do our part to maintain our body and give it the best chance to manage and heal.
To many of you, I may be starting to sound a bit repetitive. I think better communication is the essential ingredient to a better relationship with our doctors. By improving our side of the communication, and learning how and why most doctors communicate the way they do, we can ultimately guide our health management in a positive direction. At the very least, we can begin to recognize our (doctors and patients) communication weaknesses–we can only fix what we know is broken!
Conversation happening in the forums about this topic! Speak up and out. Share your thoughts. What do you think will improve patient/doctor relations? What isn't your doctor doing that s/he should be? Spill everything right here.
Great response and wonderful, right on, advise on the communication issues.
Repeating or para-phrasing back what the doctor said, like "Doctor, do I understand that right, you think I should… etc" works great for me! Being a foreigner and English not being my first language, I also make sure that I get an explanation of medical terms (Like it took me a little to absorb the difference between hypothyroid vs. hyperthyroid – it needed to sink in first, that one is too little and the latter too much). It literally was Greek to me.
Having a physician as a good personal friend, I can corroborate that doctors are under quite a bit of time and performance pressure and stress. Her administrative office (the bean counters) are constantly on her case that she does not see enough patients in a given time period. Well, she does take her time to talk to patients and to establish a rapport with the patient, and to ask the right questions in order to make the right diagnosis.
As to describing ones symptoms I feel the doctors (or the nurse in the pre-check before the visit) should have a checklist of sorts. I, as a patient, don't have enough knowledge to know what symptom may be relevant to my condition and what is not.
Again, great article. I think it is really helpful when dealing with your doctors.
I love the paraphrasing aspect, too. What I do because I'm so forgetful, is write down everything she says and reiterate what's been said to ensure that I understand everything very clearly.
Even though English isn't your first language and is mine, it was all Greek to me. None of it made sense.
I do completely agree with you regarding symptoms and better educated nurses; that is a wonderful point.
Thanks for sharing your two cents.
Great job Robyn. Very good advice on communication. I really like the whole article and I think a lot of people will find this very helpful.
The only question I would have back at those doctors is did you miss the history taking part of medical school? There job is quite detective-like and I think a bit more of the responsibility in this area should be placed on the docs. They need to know how to ask the right questions. When you have any new illness or trying to find out what is wrong, you really need a doctor that digs a bit with questions.
For my most recent new doctor visit they sent out all paperwork ahead of time, which was great. This packet included their office procedures/responsibilities and also besides the regular standard questions, it had a very long symptom check list. It was very good because as I read the symptom check list it helped to jog my memory and think of other things I probably would not have thought of or remembered otherwise, but it pretty much covered everything.
Whew. Today was a day for me at work (I rarely work on Wednesdays) where I struggled to be a good doctor. Staff accidentally booked 2 in the same slot, and a walk-in critical emergency. Let's just say I got quite a bit behind, but every client was gracious!
Anyhoo, I appreciate the responses. Lori, your observation is keen. There has been much talk in the medical community about not only the lost "art" of a good history, but the lost "art" of a good physical. Docs are quick to do a fast look over and send out tests for the answer. Granted, that helps with their time management short term, but not long term if the issue would be easily caught by being thorough to start.
HD, also an excellent point. If you don't know that your generic symptom *is* a symptom, it's difficult to communicate with your medical team! It's hard for us, and the docs, to separate what is relevant and what is not–that is where AWARENESS is so important!
Robyn – You are wonderful!!! I love these columns and the discussion!!
I went armed with photographs of myself only to be told that those couldn't possibly be pictures of the same person.
After 10 different endocrinologists in 10 years, I found one that actually listened. He looked at the pictures and decided something was wrong, then he looked at previous blood tests and asked me why these other doctors couldn't see there was something wrong when all the test results were abnormal.
I truly believe that doctors are more prejudiced than they let on. Just as an experiment, my new endo told me to take my lab results to one of my old endos.
My old endo wanted to know if my new endo's license had been pulled yet for prescribing medications "that I didn't need" because all I needed (in old endo's opinion) was a liquid diet and if that didn't work…gastric bypass surgery.
New endo is trying to talk to the AMA about my old endo being too old to keep his license. Old endo is about 75 years old.
Natasha, you made me blush–no mean feat!
Jackie, for sure there are docs "beyond hope", and I feel sorry for every story I hear about them. I am sure they exist in all disciplines as well.
What is difficult to focus on for us patients is that when it comes to diseases, there may not be one RIGHT answer. Just like there are different recipes for carrot cake (mmmmm….carrot cake) so there are different schools of thought on treatment of some disorders. What we need to do is COMMUNICATE if we are not happy with how our treatment is going, ask about alternatives, and then MOVE ON if we don't feel the doc is willing to work WITH us.
There is an issue with horses that can arise as a primary (or secondary to other disease) problem called "founder" or laminitis. There are literally HUNDREDS of treatments, none of which works all the time. Some docs "swear" by a treatment, or "pooh pooh" another, but the bottom line is that with many complex, multifactorial diseases, there may never be ONE RIGHT/PERFECT/GOLD STANDARD, whatever, way to treat. You have to be willing to explore, roll with it, and be a patient patient, and your doctor has to be willing to explore, listen, research, and refer you on if they feel they can't help.


text:
Toronto Charity Gets License Revoked After Being Accused Of Supporting A Terrorist Organization
The Anatolia Cultural Foundation stands accused of aiding terrorist group PKK.
A Toronto charity foundation has had its license revoked after an investigation by Canada's Revenue Agency revealed that it might be supporting a terrorist organization. The Anatolia Cultural Foundation, a relief group that supplies resources in Syria, was linked to the PKK (Kurdistan Workers Party) a group which the Canadian government has branded as a terrorist organization.
"The PKK is an organization listed as a terrorist entity in Canada," the CRA wrote in its official statement according to Global. "As such, concerns exist that the organization's resources may have been used to support the political efforts of the PKK and/or its armed militia groups."
The PKK stands accused of actively engaging in guerrilla warfare against the Turkish military, even going as far as to attack homes, schools, and businesses in the country. The terrorist group has also been known to attack similar targets in western European cities.
READ ALSO: Toronto Firefighters Are Battling A Five-Alarm Fire That Is Threatening To Spread To Other Buildings
The President of the Anatolia Cultural Foundation, Illhan Ulutas who registered the foundation as a charity back in 2011, lashed out against the accusations which strongly suggest that his organization had helped provide resources to the PKK. Ulutas is currently looking into appealing the decision to revoke its status.
Details about the PPK's activities can be found on Public Safety Canada's website. "It has also been known to bomb resorts and kidnap tourists in an attempt to destabilize tourism in Turkey. On April 11, 2017, the PKK bombed a police compound in Diyarbakir, Turkey, resulting in the death of three people, including one police officer," the website reads.
READ ALSO: Canadians Concerned After Buying Bottled Water That Smells And Tastes Contaminated
Days ago, it was reported that several Canadian members of ISIS that fled Canada to join the infamous terrorist group have been detained in Syria and are now attempting to seek refuge in the country they willingly abandoned. The RCMP is currently communicating with Turkish police to have the Canadian-born ISIS members transferred back into the country so they can be prosecuted.


Functional strength vs a cross between powerlifter and bodybuilder.
There are various degrees of functional strength. Some comes in the form of Strongmen, massive titans lifting boulders for sport. Others come in the form of powerlifting – focusing on lifting the most amount of iron. And then others focus on calisthenics – bodyweight exercises for the ultimate functional performance.
Today's Strength Wars pits calisthenics athlete and German champion Matthias vs powerbuilder Koray, who represents a mix of powerlifting and bodybuilding and has never competed before. Which master of strength will win in today's battle? It's time to find out!
Watch the episode above and find out who wins in this match of bodyweight strength vs a hybrid powerlifter/bodybuilder!


text:
Жирар () — фамилия и имя французского происхождения.

Фамилия
 Жирар, Алексис Франсуа (1789—1870) — французский гравёр.
 Жирар, Альбер (1590—1634) — французский математик, живший и работавший в Нидерландах.
 Жирар, Бруно — французский профессиональный боксёр, чемпион мира.

 Жирар, Жюль (1825—1902) — французский учёный и историк литературы.
 Жирар, Кристин (род. 1985) — канадская тяжелоатлетка.
 Жирар, Нарсис (1797—1860) — французский скрипач и дирижёр.
 Жирар, Пьер Симон (1764—1836) — французский инженер.
 Жирар, Рене (1923—2015) — французский философ, культуролог, литературовед.
 Жирар, Рене (род. 1954) — французский футболист и тренер.
 Жирар, Самюэль (род. 1996) — канадский шорт-трекист.
 Жирар, Самюэль (род. 1998) — канадский хоккеист.
 Жирар, Стивен (1750—1831) — американский банкир и филантроп французского происхождения.
 Жирар, Филипп Анри (1775—1845) — французский инженер-механик и изобретатель льнопрядильной машины.
 Жирар, Франсуа (, род. 1963) — канадский кинорежиссёр.
 Жирар, Шарль Фредерик (1822—1895) — французский зоолог.

Известные по имени
 Жирар I (граф Руссильона)
 Жирар II (граф Руссильона)

Другое
 Жирар Руссильонский — эпос, входящий в Каролингский цикл.
 Жирар де Вьенн — поэма из «Жесты Гарена де Монглан».

См. также

 Жирар-де-Сукантон — русский баронский род.

Примечания


In my daily life, there is a constant battle between two conflicting sides of me. It's like a cartoon with a devil and angel on my shoulders who won't bloody shut up. These two sides of me are continually fighting for dominance in my brain. It's a battle between wanting to be super successful whilst being a stereotypical lazy girl.
I don't mind that. I love to work hard. I'm the loser who loved writing a dissertation because of how much work I had to put in. I really thrive when I'm busy and have a project to get stuck into. Being busy at work always feels fulfilling, no matter how tired I am. It means I'm doing something, getting experience and the days fly by. Aside from work, I want to live the best possible version of my life. I want to travel, explore and have fun.
But, here it is, the other part of my personality is much lazier. You know those memes about trying to avoid washing your hair for yet another day? I can't begin to tell you how much I relate to those. It's as though that little devil on my shoulder is whispering 'Screw it all. Stay in bed and binge watch Gilmore Girls for the hundredth time.' If it was up to this little devil, I'd be doing none of the stuff I dream of. I'd be slobbing about, staying in my pyjamas and doing as little as possible.
So how do I try and strike a balance? Trying to appease both sides, is not easy. I'll be honest, I actually have no idea how to strike a balance and the little devil wins most of the time. As much as I love being productive, getting lots done and doing new things, I can very easily lose motivation. A chilled weekend at home is a nightmare for me. You'd think, but Hannah that's the perfect time to sit down to write a post or organise your life? Nope, I'll end up driving myself crazy and do nothing apart from playing stupid games on my phone.
Maybe, the trick is to just be more strict with myself. Choosing to stay home and do nothing is a really easy choice to make. But will I ever achieve anything or live my best life by staying home? Probably not. I should decide to go out, have more adventures and do things that are fulfilling rather than lying about on the sofa.
So maybe it's time for the devil and lazy girl to take the back seat for the while?


text:
Tenfold Raises $7.5M in Series C Funding to Expand its Cloud-Based Voice/CRM Integration Platform and Fuel Go-To-Market Growth
businesswire, October 8, 2019, 11:00 am
Tenfold, a next generation CTI company that integrates the world's leading CRM and voice platforms, today announced that it has secured $7.5 million in Series C funding led by Next Coast Ventures. The round includes investments from other returning investors Andreessen Horowitz, Geekdom Fund and Salesforce Ventures. Tenfold plans to use the funding to extend its real-time cloud integration layer and intelligent integrated UI to support more voice platforms and CRMs. These integrations connect critical data across sales and service teams in real time, making Tenfold's platform an industry leader in powering better customer engagement.
"Customers are awaiting the day when they call into a support or service center and the agent on the other end knows exactly who they are and is enabled with relevant information right at their fingertips to provide personalized and efficient service," said Jeff Cotten, the CEO of Tenfold. "This additional funding will give Tenfold the ability to further empower global sales and service organizations to better serve customers at the point of interaction with intelligent 'no touch' data capture and streamlined sales and service workflows."
Creating a fully integrated sales and service experience is a challenge for most customer engagement centers, forcing agents to deal with many systems and screens to get the information they need to serve a customer. The real value to the agent is in the streamlined workflows and fully integrating voice into the CRM that Tenfold's intelligent integrated UI provides. The platform applies a contextual lens to the CRM ensuring agents have immediate access to the most relevant data for their interaction and solve the task at hand, while simultaneously automating and simplifying complex workflows. Tenfold's SaaS-based delivery model is fully compatible with legacy on-premise phone systems as well as modern VoIP and cloud-based communications platforms. Unlike solutions that require appliances or local provisioning, it is completely cloud-based allowing for reliability, scalability and connectivity anywhere across the globe and currently serving customers on all six major continents. Tenfold has recently expanded its relationship with such providers as NICE inContact, RingCentral and Avaya to better integrate their platforms with CRMs such as Salesforce, ServiceNow, Microsoft Dynamics, Zendesk and several others.
"We're very impressed with the market traction that Tenfold is getting with large-scale contact centers in strategic industries like financial services, retail and high tech, which is why we wanted to increase our stake in the company," said the EVP and GM Salesforce Service Cloud, Bill Patterson. "Tenfold provides Salesforce with the depth and breadth we need to better integrate the voice channel into our sales and service CRM and thus are a critical partner for us to enable a more human centric service experience that is effortless and personal."
"Tenfold's mission to revolutionize the customer service experience fits squarely into our investment thesis: a great entrepreneur disrupting a massive industry using cutting-edge technology to solve a universal pain point for companies and consumers alike," said Michael Smerklo, co-founder and managing director of Next Coast Ventures. "Since coming on as CEO just eight months ago, Jeff Cotten has already done an incredible job of reshaping the company's vision by building out a great team and driving a relentless focus on delivering real value for Tenfold's growing customer base."
About Tenfold
Tenfold is a global leader in next generation CTI solutions for sales and service organizations of all sizes. We believe the company's Cloud-First approach and Intelligent Integrated Desktop Agent combined with its productized, yet highly configurable real-time integration layer between business applications and communication channels maximizes ROI for companies on voice and CRM.
Tenfold has over 600 deployments in more than 60 countries. Its customers include many large enterprise companies across a range of sectors, including telecommunications, insurance, financial services, hospitality and healthcare. Backed by Andreessen Horowitz, Next Coast Ventures and Salesforce Ventures, Tenfold is trusted by its customers and partners to improve and analyze more than 1.5 Billion interactions every year. For more information, please visit http://www.tenfold.com.
About Next Coast Ventures
Next Coast Ventures is an Austin venture capital firm that partners with bold entrepreneurs building innovative companies in big markets. It provides early-stage capital to high-growth startups in 'Next Coast' markets, using macro trends and themes to guide their investment strategy. Next Coast provides its growing group of portfolio companies hands-on, company building resources through its strong industry network, Entrepreneurs Council program and the founders' own experiences as entrepreneurs. Learn more at http://www.nextcoastventures.com.
Salesforce is the fastest growing top five enterprise software company and the #1 CRM provider globally. Salesforce Ventures—the company's corporate investment group—invests in the next generation of enterprise technology that extends the power of the Salesforce Customer Success Platform, helping companies connect with their customers in entirely new ways. Portfolio companies receive funding as well as access to the world's largest cloud ecosystem and the guidance of Salesforce's innovators and executives. With Salesforce Ventures, portfolio companies can also leverage Salesforce's expertise in corporate philanthropy by joining Pledge 1% to make giving back part of their business model. Salesforce Ventures has invested in more than 300 enterprise cloud startups in 20 different countries since 2009. For more information, please visit www.salesforce.com/ventures.
Thales Study: Organizations Worldwide Failing to Adequately Protect Sensitive Data in the Cloud
Fixing Patient Access: Asparia Announces First Chatbot Embedded in Electronic Health Records


text:
While the sports world may be frozen for the most part, the NBA is doing their best to keep America entertained while we are in quarantine.
The NBA has gotten creative, implementing things like the NBA2K Tourney, and a H-O-R-S-E tournament which will debut Sunday.
The NBA2K Tourney is now in the quaterfinal round with these matchups starting Tuesday evening at 7PM ET.
These are the 2K matchups:
Trae Young (2) vs. Deandre Ayton (10)
Devin Booker (5) vs. Rui Hachimura (13)
Andre Drummond (6) vs. Patrick Beverley (14)
Derrick Jones Jr. (16) vs. Montrezl Harrell (8)
The tournament was seeded by the individual player's 2K ratings. Each player can only use a team once. So for example, Devin Booker who chose the Bucks in the first round, cannot use that team for the rest of the tournament. The winner of the tournament will be able to donate $100,000 to a coronavirus related charity of their choice.
Additionally, the NBA and ESPN are hosting a H-O-R-S-E competition, where current players, WNBA players, and former NBA players will compete virtually for the title of the best HORSE shooter.
The bracket is:
Trae Young(ATL) vs former player Chauncey Billups; WNBA player and 2020 Basketball Hall of Famer Tamika Catchings against Mike Conley(Jazz); Zach LaVine(CHI) versus former NBA player Paul Pierce; and Chris Paul(OKC) facing Allie Quigley of the Chicago Sky.
Players in this competition must call their shots beforehand, and sadly for Zach LaVine, dunking is not allowed. Obviously this will be a virtual tournament with players competing from their home courts.
Although these are not events that take up long periods of time, the need for an escape from the COVID-19 discussion is quite needed in this country. With that in mind, tune in to some NBA action, watch some highlights and enjoy what glimpse of sports we can get.
Dear Dad, Thank you for the trips to Dick's Sporting Goods. We didn't need new cleats every season, but you wanted us to have the best of the best, and that meant a lot. Thank you for the ice cream ce


text:
Reed City golfer will now prepare for his junior season
John Raffel, jraffel@pioneergroup.com
Fischer Morrison is among Reed City's top golfers. (Herald Review photo/John Raffel)
REED CITY - Fischer Morrison had reason to be excited with his sophomore golf season coming up in the spring of 2020.
He had played golf in 2019 for Reed City as a freshman.
"I got 18th place in the conference," he said referring to the Central State Activities Association. Morrison's average for 18 holes in 2019 was an 86.
If there was a season this year, Morrison was hoping to chop down his average to a 76.
His improvement would have come "probably in my putting and reading my greens a little better," Morrison said.
Chipping has usually been his strength.
Morrison said he usually plays two or three times a week. He also works at Spring Valley Golf Course, Reed City's home site. On April 3, the MHSAA canceled the 2020 spring sports season.
"I was kind of bummed because I thought I would have a pretty good chance to go to state this year," he said.
But Morrison has been playing as much golf as he can on his own.
Reed City's High School team had a new coach this season with Chris Hanson.
Morrison didn't start playing golf until three years ago.
"I used to play baseball, and I started hitting (golf balls) and they were going straight, so I decided, 'I'm going to playing this sport," he said.
Golf is his only high school sport. Morrison will be a junior next season and is obviously looking forward to it.
He called Spring Valley "a lot easier" compared to other courses, but added, "for some people, it's a little tougher."


The Social Security Administration has begun requiring PLWH (People Living with HIV) to prove they are still disabled. The reviews no longer automatically cover all the medical issues as in the past. In fact the list has been reduced to just 5 conditions.


text:
Ghana [Х]
Kazakhstan [Х]
Global Affairs Canada (51)
National Defence (18)
United States of America (4879)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (728)
Senegal (258)
Republic of Korea (63)
China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (43)
United Republic of Tanzania (25)
State of Palestine (14)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) (10)
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) (7)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (3)
New Caledonia (3)
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (3)
Holy See (1)
Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement (CCFTA) (5)
Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement (CCoFTA) (5)
Canada-Honduras Free Trade Agreement (CHFTA) (5)
Canada-Panama Free Trade Agreement (CPaFTA) (5)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (5)
C: $100,000.00 - $999,999.99 (3)
D: $25,000.00 - $99,999.99 (36)
E: $10,000.00 - $24,999.99 (29)
F: $0.00 - $9,999.99 (1)
Other Business services not Elsewhere Specified
Vendor Name: MLS
Country of Origin: Ghana
Organization: National Defence
Vendor Name: ECOBUILD SOLUTIONS LIMITED
Organization: Global Affairs Canada
Vendor Name: Turion Investment Group
Country of Origin: Kazakhstan
Vendor Name: PENNINGTON GROUP (GH) LIMITED
Rental - Other
Vendor Name: LA PALM ROYAL BEACH HOTEL
Vendor Name: WORLD FUEL
Vendor Name: Avrora Prime LLP


The match between Vietnam and Japan will take place on 24.01.2019 at 12:00. Rashid Al-Maktoum Stadium will serve as the site of this exciting event. The match is part of AFC Asian Cup in Football. It will be broadcasted live on beIN MAX 2 Arabia, beIN MAX 1 Arabia, Fox Sports 505, Star Sports 3 Asia, Arena Sport BIH, Fox Sports 2, Star Sports 2 China, CCTV 5+ VIP, CCTV-5, Arena Sport 1, Channel 3, 5Plus, NHK BS 1, TV Asahi, KTRK Sport, Al-Kass Sports Channel, Sport TV 1, VTV6. Internet broadcast is available at bet365 TV, beIN SPORTS CONNECT Arabia, Kayo Sports, Foxtel Now, DAZN, . If you're aware of any broadcasts, please share in the comments below.


text:
Look Inside | Reading Guide
A Map of the World
By Jane Hamilton
Category: Literary Fiction
Dec 03, 1999 | ISBN 9780385720106
About A Map of the World
NATIONAL BESTSELLER • From the author of the widely acclaimed The Book of Ruth comes a harrowing, heartbreaking drama about a rural American family and a disastrous event that forever changes their lives.
"It takes a writer of rare power and discipline to carry off an achievement like A Map of the World. Hamilton proves here that she is one of the best." —Newsweek
The Goodwins, Howard, Alice, and their little girls, Emma and Claire, live on a dairy farm in Wisconsin. Although suspiciously regarded by their neighbors as "that hippie couple" because of their well-educated, urban background, Howard and Alice believe they have found a source of emotional strength in the farm, he tending the barn while Alice works as a nurse in the local elementary school.
But their peaceful life is shattered one day when a neighbor's two-year-old daughter drowns in the Goodwins' pond while under Alice's care. Tormented by the accident, Alice descends even further into darkness when she is accused of sexually abusing a student at the elementary school. Soon, Alice is arrested, incarcerated, and as good as convicted in the eyes of a suspicious community. As a child, Alice designed her own map of the world to find her bearings. Now, as an adult, she must find her way again, through a maze of lies, doubt and ill will.
A vivid human drama of guilt and betrayal, A Map of the World chronicles the intricate geographies of the human heart and all its mysterious, uncharted terrain. The result is a piercing drama about family bonds and a disappearing rural American life.
Also by Jane Hamilton
See all books by Jane Hamilton
About Jane Hamilton
Jane Hamilton is the author of The Book of Ruth, winner of the PEN/Hemingway Award for First Fiction; A Map of the World, a New York Times Notable Book of the Year and named one of the top ten books of the year by Entertainment… More about Jane Hamilton
Published by Anchor
Dec 03, 1999 | 400 Pages | 5-3/16 x 8 | ISBN 9780385720106
Dec 15, 2010 | 400 Pages | ISBN 9780307764065
The Tin Can Tree
Beatrice and Virgil
The Risk Pool
Philipp Meyer
The Clock Winder
The Portable Veblen
Elizabeth McKenzie
The Deep End of the Ocean
Jacquelyn Mitchard
Revolutionary Road
Icy Sparks
Gwyn Hyman Rubio
"Jane Hamilton has removed all doubts that she belongs among the major writers of our time." —San Francisco Chronicle
"Stunning prose and unforgettable characters … an enthralling tale of guilt, betrayal, and the terrifying ways our lives can spin out of control." —Entertainment Weekly
"Ms. Hamilton has done a nimble job of showing us how precarious the illusion of safety and security really is." —The New York Times
"Hamilton's chillingly accurate prose keeps her fine novel buoyant. She is superb in her observation of the natural world and in her examination of psychological nuance." —The Washington Post
A Map of the World feature site
Get the latest updates about Jane Hamilton


text:
Q: zfs rollback/recovery of snapshot on different server I have created a snapshot of
zroot/jails/jail1
as
jail1@2020-01-10T17:31:40
on server1 and sent this snapshot to
zroot/backups/jail1
on server2
The snapshot was properly created on the server2 machine as
root@server2# ZFS list -t snapshot
NAME                                                  USED  AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
zroot/backups/jail1/jail1@2020-01-10T17:31:40            0      - 2.75G -

How can I rollback/recover this snapshot on the remote machine?

A: server2# zfs send zroot/backups/jail1/jail1@2020-01-10T17:31:40 | ssh root@server1 zfs receive zroot/backups/jail1/jail1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Fewer Immigrant Military Members Are Gaining Citizenship Under Trump
By Ben Schamisso
The U.S. has long given immigrants in the military a fast track to citizenship. But a Newsy analysis finds that privilege is eroding under Trump.
For more than 200 years, the U.S. has rewarded some immigrants serving in the U.S. military with a fast track to citizenship.
But under the Trump administration, a Newsy analysis of quarterly government data finds a steep drop in the number of military immigrants becoming citizens.
Between 2016 and 2018, the number of service members gaining citizenship decreased by more than 50%. And the downward trend is continuing in 2019.
That's mostly because there are fewer military members and veterans applying for naturalization in the first place.
But at the same time, the government has also dramatically increased the rate that it denies naturalization applications by service members.
That denial rate surged to more than 20% in mid-2019, from only around 5% in the final year of the Obama presidency.
As a result, service members are now less likely than foreign-born civilians to be granted citizenship.
Analysts point to major 2017 policy changes by the Trump administration for the downward trends.
Those include a longer vetting process for non-citizens hoping to enlist in the army, a new minimum of 180 days of service before they can seek citizenship, and a new requirement that only high-ranking officers certify they have served honorably.
Former Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said in 2017 that the changes were needed to protect the military from potential spies within its new recruits.
A Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) spokesperson told Newsy that the agency does not track reasons for denials and that military applicants must meet all statutory requirements to qualify for naturalization.
The spokesperson said that "USCIS will continue to support non-citizens who are serving, or who have served, in the U.S. armed forces and are eligible to apply for naturalization."
But advocates argue that the centuries-old incentive for non-citizens to serve in the military is all but disappearing.
An immigration legal aid group is now even recommending that service members and veterans apply for naturalization the civilian way to speed things up.


text:
Find Books in the Catalog
Bright Library
Country Day's separate Lower and Middle/Upper School libraries hold a vast wealth of resources in literature, research, audio/visual materials, and technological tools to help all students at every level learn the skills and the joys of exploring for knowledge. Check the Library Resource page in CD Connect for the database passwords or ask a librarian.
The libraries contain over 60,000 volumes, more than 100 periodicals and newspapers. Students of all ages enjoy unlimited checkouts of books with no overdue fines. The libraries' computer network provides students instant access to the world of reference material, including encyclopedias, dictionaries, indexes, atlases, almanacs, and periodical/newspaper databases.
Lower School Library:
Wed: until 2:45 pm
Bright (Middle/Upper School) Library:
Fri: 7:30 am. - 3:45 pm
Mr. Chris M. Young
Director of Libraries
University of Southern California - BA
University of New Orleans - M.Ed.
Middle and Upper School Librarian Chris Young graduated from the University of Southern California with a bachelor's degree in Film and Television Production. He began his career in education in 2001, teaching middle school math, science and technology classes for ten years in Los Angeles and New Orleans. He opened the new library at Edward Hynes Charter School in Lakeview in 2011, where he worked as the elementary and middle school librarian for three years before coming to Country Day.
Mrs. Laura Michaud
Lower School Librarian
Pfeiffer University - BA
Lower Library Assistant Laura Michaud worked for many years as an early childhood educator before following her love of books to the publishing industry, where she worked for Little, Brown and Company, Time Warner Trade Publishing, and Candlewick Press. Laura has a passion for writing that keeps her active in various writing workshops with local authors.
Ms. Kate Turnbull
Director of Professional Learning
Eckerd College - BS
University of New Orleans - MA


text:
Monte Spinarda - Rio Nero è un sito di interesse comunitario della Regione Liguria, nell'ambito della Direttiva 92/43/CEE (Direttiva Habitat). Designato anche come designato come Zona Speciale di Conservazione, comprende un'area di 943 ettari nel territorio dei comuni di Bardineto e Calizzano, in Provincia di Savona.

Territorio
Il SIC comprende, oltre ai versanti liguri del Monte Spinarda, alcune vallette tre le quali quella del Rio Nero, che assieme alla montagna dà il nome all'area protetta. Tipiche del sito sono le rocce di tipo anfibolitico (le anfiboliti di Monte Spinarda); sono inoltre presenti graniti e migmatiti. La zona è tutt'ora piuttosto selvaggia, con estesi boschi e poche abitazioni localizzate in particolare sul fondo delle valli scavate da alcuni corsi d'acqua che attraversano la zona.

Flora e vegetazione
Nell'area protetta si alternano boschi di diverse tipologie: vasti castagneti, faggete e alcuni tratti a conifere; nelle aree di fondovalle, più umide, sono presenti alneti e saliceti, di particolare pregio ambientale. Numerose sono le specie di orchidee presenti.

Fauna
Oltre alle specie di vertebrati tipiche delle Prealpi Liguri (cinghiali, caprioli, tassi, volpi ...) sono presenti nel sito alcune interessanti specie di invertebrati come ad esempio Austropotamobius pallipes (il gambero di fiume), una specie in forte regressione legata a corsi d'acqua in buono stato ambientale. Tra gli insetti si può ricordare la presenza del coleottero endemico Parabathyscia sbordonii.

Attività
La zona attorno al monte Spinarda è percorsa da vari itinerari escursionistici. Tra questi quelli che salgono alla cima della montagna partendo dal Colle del Quazzo o da Calizzano.

Note

Voci correlate
 Siti di interesse comunitario della Liguria

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Siti di interesse comunitario della Liguria
Alpi Liguri
Aree naturali protette della provincia di Savona


One of the best investments you can make in your home is installing new quality siding. It can boost your curb appeal and make your home more energy efficient. It's like getting double the bang for your buck. With so many siding options available on the market, it can be difficult to decide on the right one for your home. To make it a little easier on you, Blue Springs Siding & Windows decided to make a guide to outline the best siding options we have available to Kansas City area homeowners, and the great characteristics they they can provide for you. Siding can be installed year-round, so no need to rush on making a decision. An informed buyer is usually one that gets the best deal.
Our James Hardie siding is known for its exceptional durability and style. This fiber cement siding is flame resistant, fade resistant, and pest resistant. Its HZ5 products are formulated with the highest quality raw materials to reduce moisture intrusion. This helps prevent siding from growing mold, shrinking, swelling and cracking. It also comes in a wide range of colors and styles, which allows you to pick the style that's right for you, not everyone else in your neighborhood. You can install plank style, shingle style, and vertical siding. And there are even more style options you can go ga-ga over.
This is beautiful siding that lasts, and Blue Springs Siding & Windows is your preferred James Hardie siding dealer in the Kansas City area. Our team is well trained on the proper installation, which is essential to its best performance.
Prodigy vinyl siding by Alside has one of the most energy-efficient designs that features the thickest EPS foam insulation on the market – up to 1 ½" thickness – for exceptional thermal performance. This can help do everything from lower your energy bills year-round, to reduce outside noise pollution. This beautiful siding is designed to capture the look of traditional plank siding, so it's a great option for homeowners who prefer a classic home style.
We are Kansas City's #1 Alside siding dealer. So, if you decide this is the siding option for your home, make sure you come to us for the best installation and service.
Call Blue Springs Siding & Windows at (816) 228-5225 today to talk about your siding options and lay out an installation timeline that fits with your schedule.


This evening I attended the New Zealand Centre for Public Law / Institute for Policy Studies / Birkbeck, University of London's Centre for New Zealand Studies' symposium on MMP and the Constitution: 15 years past; 15 years forward. Here's a rundown of the evening session. As usual, any errors are due to my poor memory and worse handwriting.
The evening session had the theme of "evaluating the New Zealand experience".
Dr Ryan Malone (Law Commission) spoke on the effect of MMP on the Parliamentary process [PDF]. Under FPP, Parliament was effectively in the grip of an executive dictatorship, with majority government and Cabinet collective responsibility combining to allow small cliques to utterly control the policy and legislative process by leveraging dominance of Cabinet to control caucus, and then the House. MMP has decisively undermined this. Proportional allocation of select committee memberships has meant that most committees are now far more independent than they used to be, while the need to build legislative majorities around each issue has meant that the government has much less control of its own legislation. On some occasions, legislation has been delayed while a committee subjects it to further scrutiny; on others, opposition parties have effectively built majorities of their own to force amendments to government bills at the committee stage. Hostility to urgency has meant the government can no longer rush things through. The upshot is fewer bills, passed with much more care and negotiation than before.
Associate Professor Andrew Geddis (University of Otago) gave a short talk on the effect of MMP on political parties [PDF]. He focused on changes to the legal framework governing parties, and concluded that while those changes had been significant, they were not tied to MMP, but rather a recognition of the growing importance of parties in our democracy.
Professor Jonathan Boston (VUW) spoke on the effect of MMP on the executive [PDF], focusing on the progressive shift towards looser forms of government as a response to the small parties' "unity-distinctiveness dilemma" (how to form an effective government while retaining your identity as a party). A key part of this has been the erosion of the doctrine of Cabinet collective responsibility in favour of the current "selective collective responsibility" seen in recent confidence and supply agreements. Our current arrangements, where parties have Ministers outside Cabinet who are bound by collective responsibility only within their portfolios, are apparently unique in the world; other countries have been able to manage governments under MMP without needing such loose arrangements (but then, they haven't had to contend with Winston Peters). But while unusual, these arrangements haven't undermined the effectiveness of the government, and have broad cross-party acceptance. It is likely they will continue well into the future.
After supper, there was a very interesting talk by Professor Andre Kaiser (University of Cologne) on MMP, Minority Governments and Parliamentary Opposition [PDF]. This sought to answer two questions: why has New Zealand tended towards minority government over the past decade, and what implications does it have for the Parliamentary opposition. New Zealand is an outlier again here, with most MMP systems producing majority coalitions due to vote-splitting and pre-election deals. But rather than being a feature of our electoral system, instead it seems to be a feature of our parties. Kaiser analysed the parties' positions (from their election manifestos) on economic and non-economic issues, finding on the former that most small parties were solidly on the left, while on the latter Labour was solidly in the middle, with potential partners to either side of it. This puts them in a superior bargaining position in coalition negotiations, while National seems constrained to working with ACT. More importantly, the large divisions among non-government parties limits coordination among "the opposition", resulting in a split between a powerless real opposition (National and ACT) and other parties who can wield real influence over policy and legislation and thus achieve some of their goals without ever being part of the government. This creates incentives for both sides to pursue such loose arrangements, and Kaiser thinks they will continue (though its worth noting that his dataset only goes up to 2002 and does not include United Future; his conclusion certainly reflects the 2002 arrangements where Labour could get its agenda through by finding a partner on the left or right as necessary, but I'm not sure that it looks so good with the current setup where majorities are hard to come by).
It's a fascinating paper, and well worth reading.
More to come tomorrow, assuming I can wake up for it.
What happens if Winston pulls the plug?
The Listener grows a brain?
Still dead. Still white. Still male.
Vote for the President of New Zealand!


Believe it or not, there is a method to the madness of ICD-10. The system was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a means of standardizing the categorization of diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases.
Officially known as the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD is the standard international diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes. This system is designed to map health conditions to corresponding generic categories together with specific variations, assigning for these a designated code, up to six characters long. Thus, major categories are designed to include a set of similar diseases.
ICD-6, adopted in 1949, was the first version of ICD that was deemed suitable for morbidity reporting. The combined code section for injuries and their associated accidents was split into two: a chapter for injuries, and a chapter for their external causes. With use for morbidity there was a need for coding mental conditions, and for the first time a section on mental disorders was added.
Work on ICD-10 — the tenth revision of the system — began in 1983. It was officially copyrighted by WHO in 1990, though it wasn't actually completed until 1992. It was then adopted relatively quickly by many countries of the world, starting with Australia in 1998. Today, ICD-10 is the most widely used statistical classification system for diseases in the world.
For numerous reasons, but particularly due to the special interest groups that affect policy, the United States wasn't able to get on board until August 2008. At that time, the Department of Health and Human Services proposed that ICD-10 be adopted in America — a move that was formalized in January 2009, establishing ICD-10 as the new national coding standard, with an implementation date of October 1, 2013.
And if the prospect of changing over to ICD-10 wasn't imposing enough, ICD-11 is "scheduled" to become the new standard in 2017 — though with the numerous delays in getting ICD-10 onto the books, it's likely that ICD-11 will be pushed back for at least a few years.
How will ICD-10 benefit practices?
Visit our ICD-10 Page to learn more.


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The Specials - Stupid Marriage
Classic 2Tone sound of English Ska
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This style of beat grew in Jamaica; Black slaves were not allowed to make music and all their instruments taken from them. But they still wanted to make a musical sound so used whatever they could, tools, bits of wood, hollow tree trunks etc and reggae was born. Some say Ska came first, but reggae historian Steve Barrow says Ska came from Prince Buster who told his guitarist to 'change gear man, change gear', and by emphasising the second and fourth beats in the bar Ska was born. Duke Reid also produced a Ska sound (mid 1950's) from localised Mento music.
These styles remained underground sounds for years, and only became known to the rest of the world after the arrival of Pirate Radio, Radio Caroline being the first but that's another subject. Desmond Dekka and the Aces led the way forward, Jimmy Cliff and Bob Marley helped its successful launch, Madness and the Specials with 2Tone records helped prolong its reign.
UB40 became the most successful band in this field, and there are many classics through the decades; Althea and Donna's uptown Top Rankin', Madness with Night Boat to Cairo, Beats international's Dub Be Good To Me, Shaggy and Oh Carolina, the list goes on, even Lily Alan's first offering had a reggae based backing.
And Notting Hill Carnival (Sound Clash, another subject) has become the biggest street festival in Europe.
Also Pete Waterman (of Stock Aitkin and Waterman the biggest producers of all time) did his part by being probably the only DJ to have his finger on the pulse of new sounds out of Jamaica at the time (late 60's). Lee Scratch Perry (our engineer does work for Mr. Perry's keyboards man Spider), King Tubby, Duke Reid, Bob Marly who'd turned away from Ska and was focusing on Reggae by now, and many more artists.
Althea & Donna--Uptown Top Ranking. Top tune and the man with the plan behind this was Declan MacManus...I believe he signed his first cheque in the name he is better known as for this duo; Elvis Costello.
Althea and Donna's addictive reggae rythm tune from 1978, their only hit song. How could they have followed this colossal floorfiller with something better to keep them in the spotlight! Somewhat impossibe.