For thousands of years, tribal indigenous White Europeans moved all over Europe, and the Eurasian Steppes and many Europeans today cannot deftly say which tribes they came from. What we can say is: the majority of Europeans are from the Slavic, Latin, Celtic and German tribes.
From tribes to Prince Rurik and Russian Revolution, this is a compilation of the first 5 episodes of Epic History TV's History of Russia.
Scythians were Indo-European Indo-Iranians. The First Indo-Iranian peoples were White European in appearance. They were around 6 ft tall (very tall for then), 60 percent blue eyed, green eyed, 40 percent brown eyes, brown to blonde hair, red hair, etc. Scythian tribes lived on lands from Eastern Europe over the Russian Eurasian steppes to boarders of China. Turkic-Mongols Asians migrated into those Scythians central Asian lands over a few millennia, and because of interracial relationships the many pure white Scythian were replaced by racial mix Euro-Asians and Asians. Scythian-Mongol makeup today in central Asia around half of the DNA is between the two peoples. They converted their culture and languages to a Turkic one around 1400 BC. Almost all pure Scythian European tribes in the Eurasian steppe converted to Slavic cultures.
This lecture deals with Iranian speaking Nomads of Eastern Europe.
The Scythians tribes on the Russian Eurasian steppes.
Scythians and sarmatians and Alani were not Turko mongol racially but had similar pastoral nomadic culture they were white European racially as you can even see in their art.
The Scythians women is where we got the Idea of the Amazon Warriors .
The Scythians spoke an Indo-European language and lived in Eastern Europe They were not the forbears of the Mongols.
Polish nobility in middle ages often claimed it's roots from Sarmatians. Sarmatians were western Scythians.
Scythians and Sarmatians are simply earlier designations for Russians and Slavic colonists of vast Eurasian regions. Scythians / Sarmatians have never disappeared to we call them Russians.
Few remarks: 1) "Scythians" should not be pronounced 'SSITIANS' but 'SKITIANS' (not to be pronounced 'skaitians') just as "Celtics" is pronounced "KELTIKS" but not 'SELTIKS'. 2) Scythians are a branch of Thracians, both names are given by the Greeks to actual Bulgarians, i.e. these are one and the same people called differently, just like today Germans, Deutsches, Alemanni and Schwabs are different names that represent one and the same people. 3) Scythians and Thracians have IDENTICAL believes, customs, artefacts, way of life, CULTURE!
Top left picture Thracians craftsmanship. The Ancient Thracians are another example of why Europeans should be proud of their heritage. Ancient Thrace was a group of Indo-European tribes who settled in South East Europe between the Aegean and Black Seas. They had a strong identity with their culture and were key players in regional conflicts in their area during the fifth Century BC. They became a powerful kingdom in their own right after the unification of a number of Thracian tribes called the Odrysian state. They were involved in exchanges between the Greeks, Macedonians, Persians and Scythians. All are well known for their wine making and exemplary gold craftsmanship. They were the aristocrats of their day.
The Bulgarian Government has unearthed a number of archaeological sites from Thracian civilization, including exceptional tombs showing both the social, cultural and economic wealth of their Kingdom. One of the most important findings from this research is the stunning quality of craftsmanship the Thracians displayed with gold metallurgy.
"Slavic European Caucasians are the largest indigenous Indo-European ethnic- linguistic group in Europe are indigenous to all Europe but many live Central and Eastern Europe. Slavic's speak indo-European Language of the Balto-Slavic language group"
Video about first Slavic tribes, before Slavic countries were founded, those areas were inhabited by approximately 75 Slavic Tribes.
This video shows the Slavic people's love of nature and the culture of Thracian Macedonians who are of Slavic origin.
As a Mongolian, Mongol and Tatars were known as north Tungusic nomadic tribes with neighboring and clash each other, actually came with ancient Otuz Tatars root. Tatars are not turkic they're became turkic after golden Horde collapse and settled in Cuman turkic territory.
Wrong, bro. They were forced to be referred as Tatars, they didnt choose it. The Volga and Kazan Tatars are actually Bulgarians mixed with some Cumans, and they want to be called Bulgarians, as thats what they are. If you do a google image search you can see many photos of Volga Tatars and Kazan Tatars waving the Bulgarian flag as well as drawing grafitti of Bulgarian symbols on the streets, with sentences such as "We are Bulgarians, not Tatars" The Soviet Union wanted to eradicate any pride and memory of these people, the memory of the great and super rich Volga Bulgaria, which at the time had the 4th largest city in the world (and these were the only people to ever defeat Genghis Khan's army in battle) so that they will be easier to control and so that they wont rebel.
The Crimean Tatars enslaved and sold some 1,750,000 Ukrainians, Poles and Russian only between 1468 and 1694.
This clip was produced as part of the project «Advocating human rights of Crimean Tatar people through public diplomacy» funded by the Estonian Development Cooperation Programme of the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The Khazars aren't talked about, because modern day jewish supreme leaders do not want anyone to know of whom their ancestors.
Most Jews are European (Whites).
https://www.y New DNA Science Research Confirms... Jews Are Not Descendants of Abraham.
This documentary examines the famous mummies found in the Tarim Basin in China who are European Caucasian. There has been much controversy over the findings of archaeologists using genetic lab tests proving that Caucasians were roaming the Tarim Basin a good 1000 years prior to East Asian people arriving. Asians with Caucasian features; tall people with red or blond hair and light eyes have long been the part of ancient Asian legend. It was much to everyone's surprise when archaeologists unearthed evidence of these legendary "gods." Sadly, the Chinese government has appeared to have delayed making the research public out of concerns for fuelling Uighur Muslim separatism in its western-most Xinjiang region.
The discoveries in the 1980s of the undisturbed 4,000-year-old "Beauty of Loulan" and the younger 3,000-year-old body of the "Charchan Man" are legendary in world archaeological circles for the fine state of their preservation and for the wealth of knowledge they bring to modern research. In historic and scientific circles the discoveries along the ancient Silk Road were on par with finding the Egyptian mummies.
China's concern over its rule in Xinjiang has widely been perceived as impeding research into European caucasian mummies resulting in greater publicity of the findings. Tarim Basin mummies have not only given scientists a look into their physical biologies, they also looked into their clothes, tools and burial rituals.
"I spent six months in Sweden last year doing nothing but genetic research... My research has shown that in the second millennium BC, the oldest mummies, like the Loulan Beauty, were the earliest settlers in the Tarim Basin."
"Modern DNA and ancient DNA show that Uighurs, Kazaks, Krygyzs, the peoples of Central Asia are all mixed Caucasian and East Asian. The modern and ancient DNA tell the same story."
East Asian people only began showing up in the Eastern portions of the Tarim Basin about 3,000 years ago and today the area is under communist China control.
The Uyghur Caucasians there today are wanting their independence from China. China has now moved large numbers of Chinese into the area.
China has only allowed genetic studies in the last few years. A 2004 study carried out by Jilin University also finding that the mummies' DNA had European genes, further proving that the earliest settlers of Western China were not East Asian.
East Asian people only began showing up in the Eastern portions of the Tarim Basin about 3,000 years ago and today the area is under communist China control. The Uyghur Caucasians there today are wanting their independence from China. China has now moved large numbers of Chinese into the area.
China has only allowed genetic studies in the last few years. A 2004 study carried out by Jilin University also finding that the mummies' DNA had European genes, further proving that the earliest settlers of Western China were not East Asians.


The current version has got a stable structure and requires only refinements.
The Learn STEM Pedagogical Model will be ready and available in Fall 2018 when the training development starts.
It will be the basis for the design of our training courses and materials.
We are looking forward to this testing and evaluation in practice!


text:
Taking Filmmaking to New (Unmanned) Heights
By: Matt Benoit | September 10, 2014 | Unmanned and Unregulated: The Rise of Commercial Drones in the U.S. | 2 Comments
Follow: Technology, entertainment, regulation
SAN DIEGO, U.S. —Aerial MOB is one of a growing number of aerial cinematography companies utilizing drones for filming in commercials, TV shows and feature films. It has done work for shoe companies, car companies, Ivy League universities and even MTV, but a major part of its current focus isn't on the next high-profile client. It's on the Federal Aviation Administration.
The company, founded two years ago, is one of seven seeking an exemption to the FAA's ban on commercial drone flights. In June, the FAA said it was considering the exemptions, which have support from the Motion Picture Association of America.
In its letter to the FAA, the MPAA said drones are safer than helicopters for filmmaking and offer greater creative freedom.
Small unmanned aircraft systems, or UAS, "can fly safely at low altitudes that would otherwise be difficult for a manned helicopter," the MPAA wrote. "Whether through shots winding in between bridges or above rooftops, aerial videography pulls the viewers into the action."
The association also noted that drones have already been used successfully in other countries for shooting scenes in such movies as "Skyfall" and "The Expendables 3."
Getting off the ground
Courtesy of Aerial MOB
The Aerial MOB team —from left, Treggon Owens, Steve Blizzard, Tony Carmean and Jonathan Montague—after testing some of the equipment in Carlsbad, California.
Tony Carmean, one of Aerial MOB's four partners, said the process of getting an exemption started almost two years ago.
A partnership with the MPAA, which consists of Hollywood's six biggest movie studios, allowed for lobbying in Washington, D.C., and meetings with officials from the FAA, the National Transportation Safety Board and Congress.
Carmean, who handles Aerial MOB's business development and sales, said the company submitted paperwork to the FAA on May 27. That paperwork was then subject to a public comment period before the FAA gave initial feedback. Carmean said the paperwork has since been resubmitted, and the company hopes to have the exemption approved in a few months.
Until then, however, Aerial MOB will continue its nine-month moratorium on accepting fly-for-hire jobs, instead focusing on its product line, Carmean said. It sells quad-, hexa- and octo-copter drone packages for filming, as well as a series of hardware upgrades and technological consulting.
If Aerial MOB were to restart commercial flying before its exemption is approved, it would likely spark even more debate as to the legality of the FAA's ban.
Carmean said the company has consulted several attorneys, one of whom said the FAA has no jurisdiction for upholding a ban.
Carmean cited the March ruling on the case of Raphael Pirker, a videographer whose $10,000 fine for reckless flying was dismissed when an NTSB administrative law judge determined the FAA has no authority over small, unmanned aircraft.
The FAA is appealing the ruling, but Carmean cautioned that the verdict doesn't mean Aerial MOB can take to the skies.
"At the end of the day, small companies like us can't risk messing around with the FAA," he said.
Using drones for aerial filming has many positives, Carmean said.
Traditionally, aerial camera angles can be shot using dollies, jibs, cable cams or full-size helicopters. A drone, he said, can combine all these shot types into one vehicle.
One of the seven companies seeking an exemption, Flying Cam, won a Scientific and Engineering Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in February for its Flying-Cam 3.0 SARAH Unmanned Aircraft System.
HoverCam, a company not seeking an exemption, was recognized with a Technical Achievement Award for development of its Helicam system—a turbine-engine, radio-controlled miniature helicopter that supports film and digital cinema cameras.
Overall, Carmean said, drones save time and money, all while expanding the efficiency and creative potential of filmmaking.
Safety could be enhanced by removing the human element from potentially dangerous filming situations. And as the MPAA noted in its comments to the FAA, small drones operate without flammable fuel, unlike helicopters.
Decades of fatal accidents have marred movie productions, from a 1930 incident where two camera planes collided in midair and killed 10, including the director, to a 2012 helicopter accident in which two filmmakers who were location scouting for James Cameron lost their lives.
In February, during filming for the movie "Midnight Rider," camera assistant Sarah Jones was struck and killed by a train when the crew attempted to film on an active railroad trestle outside Savannah, Georgia. Two of the filmmakers were charged with involuntary manslaughter.
Carmean said the potential drawbacks of using drones for filmmaking include crashes, injuries or deaths, if such technology falls into the wrong hands.
"The technology is there, but the FAA has to get their hands around how they're going to implement it, because it could be a madhouse," he said.
In addition, he is concerned by predictions that thousands of drones could be flying soon.
"That's pretty scary when you think about all these [unmanned aircraft systems] flying through the air," he said. "How do you know the person flying it is competent? How do you know he knows what he's doing?"
The provisions for the seven exemptions being considered by the FAA are numerous, and include maintaining liability insurance, having pilots maintain a visual line of sight of their aircraft at all times, and creating restricted areas for aircraft operation that prohibit flying less than 50 feet over active railroads, roadways, highways or gatherings of people. The aircraft may not operate above 400 feet or in restricted airspace without prior approval from an air traffic controller.
The exemptions are limited to two years.
Overall, Carmean said, approving commercial use of drones for filmmaking is "a no-brainer." The industry provides controlled set environments and the ability to follow production rules, including altitude restrictions, he said.
In three to five years, he expects to see full integration of unmanned aircraft systems for commercial purposes. For now, though, the FAA is sticking with a calculated approach as the seven companies wait on their exemption requests, he said.
"It's precedent-setting," he said of the exemptions. "It's never been done."
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Anyone who's watched the U.S. TV show "CSI" has probably seen officers carefully measuring the distance between every object in a room, and between every speck of evidence, in order to precisely reproduce the crime scene. Police must ensure they have all the information they need before releasing a crime scene, because there's no going back to it.
So You Want to Major in Drones?
Like many college sophomores, Ethan Voigt has homework, a job and classes to attend. But his homework includes flying an airplane three to four times a week.
In this series, we're talking with people from various backgrounds who have one thing in common: an active interest in the future of drones. PULLMAN, Wash.
Inspecting Gadgets May Make Wind Energy Industry Safer, More Efficient
At the Wild Horse Wind Farm in eastern Washington state, dozens of giant wind turbines dominate the landscape near busy Interstate 90. The 10,000-acre wind farm is one of three large wind facilities owned by Puget Sound Energy, which bills itself as the nation's second largest utility generator of wind power.
Nationwide Network of Drone User Groups Plans for a Future of Innovation
WASHINGTON, D.C. — Two years ago, Timothy Reuter bought a 3D Robotics unmanned aerial vehicle kit but had a hard time putting it together, so he reached out to others in the Washington area who might be able to help him. He said he thought he'd be lucky if he found 30 people.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


For the Securities Industry Essentials (SIE) exam, you don't need to know all the minute details about each securities regulatory organization, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, but you do have to know the basics. To keep the market running smoothly and to make sure investors aren't abused (at least too much), regulatory organizations stay on the lookout.
The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, is the major watchdog of the securities industry. Congress created the SEC to regulate the market and to protect investors from fraudulent and manipulative practices. All broker-dealers who transact business with investors and other broker-dealers must register with the SEC. And that registration means something: All broker-dealers have to comply with SEC rules or face censure (an official reprimand), limits on activity, suspension or suspension of one or more associated persons (such as a registered rep or principal), a fine, and/or having their registration revoked.
SEC investigations may lead to a civil (financial) complaint being filed in a federal court. The SEC may seek disgorgement (taking away) of ill-gotten gains, civil money penalties, and injunctive relief (a cease-and-desist order from the court). If the matter is criminal in nature, the investigation is conducted by the U.S. Attorney's Office and the grand jury.
The Securities Act of 1933: The Act of 1933 requires the full and fair disclosure of all material information about a new issue.
The Trust Indenture Act of 1939: This act prohibits bond issues valued at over $5 million from being offered to investors without an indenture. The trust indenture is a written agreement that protects investors by disclosing the particulars of the issue (the coupon rate, the maturity date, any collateral backing the bond, and so on). As part of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, all companies must hire a trustee who's responsible for protecting the rights of bondholders.
The Investment Company Act of 1940: This act regulates the registration requirements and the activities of investment companies.
As you can imagine, due to the unscrupulous nature of some investors and registered representatives, the SEC's job is overwhelming. Fortunately, a few self-regulatory organizations (SROs) are there to take some of the burden off of the SEC's shoulders. Although membership isn't mandatory, most broker-dealers are members of one or more SROs. SRO rules are usually stricter than those of the SEC.
The FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority): The FINRA is a self-regulatory organization that's responsible for the operation and regulation of the over-the-counter market, investment banking (the underwriting of securities), New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) trades, investment companies, limited partnerships, and so on. The FINRA was created in 2007 and is a consolidation of the NASD (National Association of Securities Dealers) and the regulation and enforcement portions of the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange). FINRA is responsible for making sure that its members not only follow FINRA rules but also the rules set forth by the SEC. Additionally, the FINRA is responsible for the handling of complaints against member firms and may take disciplinary action, if necessary. The FINRA is also responsible for administering securities exams such as the SIE (now you know who to blame). FINRA has strict rules (as the other SROs do, I suspect) regarding filing of misleading, incomplete, or inaccurate information as to membership or registration regarding the firm's registration or registration of member associates.
The Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board: The MSRB was established to develop rules that banks and securities firms have to follow when underwriting, selling, buying, and recommending municipal securities. The MSRB is subject to SEC oversight but does not enforce SEC rules.
The MSRB makes rules for firms (and representatives) who sell municipal bonds but doesn't enforce them — it leaves that up to FINRA.
The New York Stock Exchange: The NYSE is the oldest and largest stock exchange in the United States. The NYSE is responsible for listing securities, setting exchange policies, and supervising the exchange and member firms. The NYSE has the power to take disciplinary action against member firms.
The Chicago Board Options Exchange: The CBOE is an exchange that makes and enforces option exchange rules.
Although SROs may be independent, they do work together creating and enforcing rules. FINRA and NYSE can fine, suspend, censure (reprimand), and expel members; however, the FINRA and NYSE can't imprison members who violate the rules and regulations.
Look at SIE questions with the words guarantee or approve in them very carefully. The FINRA, SEC, NYSE, and so on do not approve or guarantee securities. Any statement that says that they do is false. In addition, because a firm is registered with (or didn't have its registration revoked by) an SRO it does not mean that the SRO approves of the firm, its financial standing, its business, its conduct, and so on. So, member firms and their associates may not claim that they've been approved by the SEC or any SRO.
As a way of keeping clients up to date, member firms must send info to customers yearly in writing (which may be electronic). Included in the yearly info is FINRA's BrokerCheck hotline number, FINRA's website address, and a statement as to the availability of an investment brochure.
Licensing stockbrokers, smaller investment advisor firms (ones managing less than $100 million in assets), and securities firms conducting business in the state.
Registering securities on the state level.
Investigating customer complaints and possible cases of investment fraud.
Enforcing state securities laws. As such, the NASAA may fine, penalize, provide restitution to investors, assist in prosecuting investment-related criminals, and impose new conduct laws to correct problems as they arise.
Examining investment advisor firms and broker-dealers to ensure compliance with securities laws and making sure they keep accurate client records.
Reviewing offerings that are not exempt from state law.
Providing education to investors regarding their rights and providing information so that they can make more informed financial decisions.
Advocating for the passage of state securities laws.
Don't go crazy trying to remember every minute detail regarding the NASAA; you'll have to know more when taking the Series 63, Series 65, or Series 66. Get a general feeling for what they do so that you're able to recognize them in a question.
The United States Department of the Treasury (USDT) was established to manage U.S. government revenue. As such, the USDT oversees the printing of all paper currency and minting of all coins. In addition, it is responsible for collecting taxes through the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), it is responsible for managing U.S. government debt securities (T-bonds, T-notes, T-bills, and so on), it licenses banks, and it helps advise U.S. government branches regarding fiscal policy.


text:
Q: How do I increase the width of each tab in order for them to occupy the whole width of the content block? I'm fairly new to programming and this site but I've been studying different codes for vertical and horizontal tabs and there's a questions I want to ask regarding this one https://jsfiddle.net/eu81273/812ehkyf/ :
Basically, I've been trying to change the width of the tabs in order for them to occupy the whole width of the content block below, however I wasn't able to do it, what should i add/change? Adding width: 200px; in .tab or .tab label doesn't seem to work.
.tabs {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 200px; /* This part sucks */
  clear: both;
  margin: 35px 0 25px;
  background: white;
}

.tab {
  float: left;
}

.tab label {
   background: #eee;
   padding: 10px;
   border: 1px solid #ccc;
   margin-left: -1px;
   position: relative;
   left: 1px;
   top: -29px;
   -webkit-transition: background-color .17s linear;
}

It would be nice if a detailed explanation is provided on the changes or additions so I can understand it well.
A way with the use of javascript was found, however, is it possible to only uses css and html?

A: See first of your body padding is so high.
so may be i think you have to decrease it.
body {
   background: #999;
   padding: 20px 2px;
}

.tabs {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 200px; /* This part sucks */
  clear: both;
  margin: 35px 0 25px;
  background: white;
  width:100%;
}

A: you can set your tabs width to  - 33%

  function openTab(tabId) {
        var i;
        var x = document.getElementsByClassName("tab");
        for (i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
            x[i].style.display = "none";
        }
        document.getElementById(tabId).style.display = "block";
    }

<link href="https://www.w3schools.com/w3css/4/w3.css" rel="stylesheet"/>

  <button class="w3-bar-item w3-button" onclick="openTab('TabA')">TabA</button>
  <button class="w3-bar-item w3-button" onclick="openTab('TabB')">TabB</button>
  <button class="w3-bar-item w3-button" onclick="openTab('TabC')">TabC</button>

 <input type="radio" id="tab-1" name="tab-group-1" checked>
       Tab One

Stuff for Tab One

   <input type="radio" id="tab-2" name="tab-group-1">
       Tab Two

Stuff for Tab Two

 <input type="radio" id="tab-3" name="tab-group-1">
       Tab Three

Stuff for Tab Three

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Journal of Water Resource and Protection
Vol.6 No.1(2014), Article ID:41982,6 pages DOI:10.4236/jwarp.2014.61003
Disinfection of Primary Municipal Wastewater Effluents Using Continuous UV and Ozone Treatment
Yaneth Bustos1, Mabel Vaca1, Raymundo López1, Erick Bandala2, Luis Torres3, Neftalí Rojas-Valencia4
1Departamento de Energía, Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Azcapotzalco, México
2Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de las Américas, Puebla. Sta. Catarina Mártir, Cholula, México
3Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D. F., México
4Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, México D. F., México
Email: mvm@correo.azc.uam.mx
Received March 18, 2013; revised April 19, 2013; accepted May 16, 2013
UV radiation and ozonation were investigated as disinfection alternatives for the wastewater treatment plant. The inactivation of total and fecal coliforms using ozone and ultraviolet radiation as separate treatments was evaluated. Different ozone concentrations (3 to 40 mg O3/L) were applied and UV fluencies ranging from 8.5 to 12 mJ/cm2 at different pH values (from 5 to 9) were tested. Best results were obtained for ozone doses near 20 mg/min with removals of 72% and 78% of fecal and total coliforms, respectively. The ozone also was capable of oxidizing organic matter in the effluent measured as COD (the highest removal obtained was 36% for 20 mg O3/min). Maximum bacterial resistance was observed at pH 7 in both cases. The UV light offered a high bacterial inactivation (over 80%) and the lowest bacterial inactivation was observed at pH 7. Finally, we obtained the electric energy per order (EEO, kWh/m3/order), defined as the electric energy (kW-h) required to degrade a contaminant by one order of magnitude in a unit volume of contaminated water, being noteworthy that EEO values for the UV process resulted were lower than those determined for the process with ozone in all the water flow tested.
Keywords:Disinfection; Ozone Treatment; UV Treatment; Wastewater
Water availability is a complex issue worldwide, mainly in regions with high population density and low rainfall. It is a well-known fact that the water quality of many water supply sources is at high risk of deterioration due to discharges of poorly treated or untreated wastewater. As a result of the depletion on water quality, the incidence of waterborne illnesses has increased in the last decade, representing up to 13% of the 15 million deaths caused by infection diseases worldwide [1]. Children under the age of five represent the population sector (75%) most impacted by this phenomenon, mainly in developing countries.
Municipal wastewater has been identified as one of the main sources of pathogenic agents and the potential vector of diseases as a result of accidental consumption of untreated or poorly treated wastewater, skin contact or ingestion of food species exposed to wastewater. Hence, disinfection of wastewater is mandatory as the minimum treatment before their release to natural water streams. Chlorination is one of the most widely used disinfection processes for water treatment due to its high efficiency and low cost [2]. Nevertheless, in the case of wastewater, chlorination is probably not the best choice due to its well-known potential to react with organic matter present in municipal effluents and generate disinfection by-products which are animal carcinogens and suspected human carcinogens [3,4].
Among the different alternatives to chorine disinfection, UV radiation and ozone have emerged in the last years as competitive procedures for generating safe drinking water from raw surface or underground water [5]. Application of UV radiation for the disinfection of wastewater is a scientific task which has recently been explored. The number of facilities using UV disinfection has augmented in the last years and it is expected to keep increasing in the next years [2,4,6]. Ozone, on the other hand, has been described as an efficient disinfection agent, able not only to control bacteria, but also to oxidize organic matter in municipal effluents [7]. However, despite its high potential for application in municipal effluent, relatively few papers dealing with this approach have been reported [8,9].
The aim of this work is to present the application of ozone and UV radiation in the disinfection and oxidation of organic matter of an effluent produced from an advanced primary treatment process and to evaluate their potential use (separately or jointly) as a polishing step for the generation of an affordable effluent for safe reuse or release into the environment. We also proposed the use of scale-up parameter and the energy required to achieve the disinfection goals of each of the processes applied to compare their performance.
2.1. Wastewater Sampling and Characterization
Disinfection studies were run at the wastewater treatment plant (WTP) located at the Autonomous Metropolitan University—Azcapotzalco campus in Mexico City. The WTP includes a physical chemical treatment train and it was designed to process up to 1 L/s as maximum wastewater flow. The treatment train includes a coagulationflocculation step, followed by settling and filtration. In order to obtain the quality parameters of the influent a thorough sampling was performed. As required by the Mexican regulation [10], subsamples were taken from the effluent every 4 hours during a 24-h period and the effluent flow was measured for every sampling time. A composite sample was prepared with proportions based on the water flow determined on every period. The wastewater sample was characterized for different physical-chemical (chemical oxygen demand, COD; turbidity; total suspended solid, TSS; pH) and microbiological (total and fecal coliforms) parameters following the standard membrane methodologies [11], before applying the disinfection procedures after the settling tank.
Flow-chart of wastewater advanced primary treatment and Ozone-UV disinfection is presented in Figure 1.
2.2. Wastewater Disinfection Assessments
UV wastewater disinfection experiments were carried out on line after the settling tank using a collimated UV radiation (254 nm wavelength) equipment (International Light Technologies, Mod. IL 1400BL) equipped with a UV radiometer (International Light Technologies, Mod. SEL 240/NS254/TD). Different contact times were tested by varying the water flow (0.16, 0.32 and 0.5 L/s) through the UV disinfection equipment; the total radiant energy was controlled by the pump rate. Two different fluencies (8.5 and 12 mJ/cm2), corresponding to 15 and 30 L/min, respectively, were tested. Different pH values (from 5 to 9), adjusted with H2SO4 (0.5 M) or NaOH (0.5 M), depending on the desired initial pH value, were also assessed to determine the influence of this parameter on the disinfection efficiency.
An ozone generator (Ozone Ecological) connected on line, coupled to a 3-HP air compressor (Craftsman), was used in the ozone disinfection experiments. Different ozone concentrations (3 to 40 mg O3/L) were tested at the same flows described for UV tests, and different pH values (from 5 to 9) were tested, adjusting with H2SO4 (0.5 M) or NaOH (0.5 M) depending on the desired initial pH value.
Figure 1. Flow-chart of wastewater advanced primary treatment and Ozone-UV disinfection.
2.3. Analytical Measurements
Samples were taken before and after every disinfection procedure in order to determine the efficiency of the tested methodology. In the case of UV-radiation disinfection, total and fecal coliforms (as CFU/100 mL) were used to monitor the process. For ozone treatment, besides the microbiological measurements, the oxidation of organic matter as COD measurements before and after the treatment was also measured. Total suspended solids (TSS), pH and temperature were determined in every experimental run before and after the treatment.
3.1. Wastewater Characterization
The results of the initial wastewater characterization of the composite sample obtained after the settling tank in the WTP effluent are presented in Table1 High concentration values of total and fecal coliforms and COD in the sample were observed. This implied that, despite the physical-chemical treatment originally applied to the municipal wastewater, the produced effluent was not ready to be released to the environment without posing a significant risk of contamination of surface or underground water. The observed amounts of total and fecal coliforms, 5.0 × 106 and 1.0 × 106 CFU (colony-forming units), respectively, were comparable to those previously reported for raw wastewater to which no treatment had been applied [12,13].
Besides, the value obtained for total coliforms agreed with previous reports on the concentration of these microbiological indexes in secondary effluents in other parts of Mexico [14,15]. COD concentration was slightly higher than the maximum acceptable limit in Mexican legislation for treated wastewater meant for all re-uses (150 mg/L, as stated in NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996). TSS values (11.63 vs. 150 mg/L) and pH values were within the limits set by Mexican legislation. These results
Table 1 . Parameters of quality of the water to be disinfected.
suggested that, even though the process was efficient in removing most of the suspended solids, an important portion of the dissolved solids (as organic matter) and much of the bacteria passed through the water treatment and remained in the effluent.
3.2. UV Disinfection Assessments
The results for total and fecal coliforms (TC and FC, respectively) inactivation under different fluency and pH values are presented in Figure 2. As expected, no inactivation of microorganisms was achieved during experiments where no UV radiation was used and high bacteria inactivation (over 80%) was observed after the use of UV radiation.
It is worthy to note that fecal coliforms were less affected by the increase in energy fluence than total coliforms. These results agreed with previous reports where 90% - 99% of E. coli inactivation was reached using 5.4 and 8.1 mJ/cm2, respectively to avoid photoreactivation [16]. Other authors have reported UV doses as high as 35 mJ/cm2, for complete fecal coliforms inactivation, in the presence of high TSS concentrations (up to 40 mg/L) in wastewater [17].
The same trend was observed for different pH values tested (Figure 3). Inactivation rates were higher for total coliforms than fecal coliforms at all pH values tested. The maximum bacterial resistance was observed at about pH 7. Completely different results were found at acid or alkaline values. Under acidic conditions, due to changes in H+ ions permeability at lower pH (pH = 5), bacterial cells should adjust the influx or efflux of H+ with the
Figure 2. Inactivation of total (TC) and fecal (FC) coliforms with UV light.
Figure 3. Inactivation of total and fecal coliforms (TC and FC) at different pH values.
change of pH value from 7 to 5 to maintain the homeostasis of the cell [16]. It is known that, when a sudden change of pH from neutral to acidic environment occurs, E. coli induces the synthesis of cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs). This reduces H+ ion permeability influx and increases its efflux [18]. This synthesis takes few minutes to induce and start to form these compounds and it is possible that the rate of synthesis of the new compounds that can protect the cells is not fast enough.
3.3. Ozone Disinfection and Organic Matter Oxidation
On the other hand, it has been reported that permeability of the outer membrane, which is the main shelter of the cell against oxidant species, increases at alkaline pH values [16]. It could be expected that at pH 9.0 the cells turned more sensitive than at pH 7.0. This behavior was observed from the experiments and was rationalized by the ionization grade of sugars on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the bacteria. LPS is considered the main component in the outer membrane of E. coli and it is known that this molecule has a net charge of −1.5 at neutral pH, when pH decreases, this net charge turns the cell membrane into a less hydrophilic conformation less permeable to polar species including the oxidant species at pH 9.0 [19].
Bacterial inactivation and COD removal from wastewater as function of the ozone dose (in mg/min) is presented in Figure 4. The higher the ozone dose, the higher the bacterial removal and COD oxidation. Best results were obtained with ozone doses about 20 mg/min where 72% and 78% of FC and TC, respectively were inactivated. No effect of pH was determined for fecal and total coliforms inactivation at the different pH values tested (pH = 5, 7 and 9, data not shown). This behavior, however, is reasonable if considering that molecular ozone is actually the chemical species carrying out bacteria disinfection instead of hydroxyl radicals, which will be affected by pH [20].
Ozone was also capable of oxidizing organic matter in the effluent measured as COD. The highest removal obtained was 36% for 20 mg/min of ozone. It is well known [21] that ozone reacts with organic matter, particularly with compounds including double bonds and/or aromatic structure in their chemical frame.
3.4. Estimation of Scaling-up Parameters
Despite many disinfection processes have been developed up to full-scale commercialization, frequently this scaling-up is carried out using heuristic approaches which not always consider important parameters such as the concentration of the contaminant or treatment goals.
To provide a set of comparative scaling-up parameters for the disinfection technologies proposed in this work, a figure-of-merit proposed by the Photochemistry Commission of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) was used [22]. This figure-of-merit is the electric energy per order (EEO) defined as the electric energy (kW-h) required to degrade a contaminant by one order of magnitude in a unit volume of contaminated water. EEO (kWh/m3/order) in flow through operation is calculated by means of Equation (1) [23]:
where: P is the rated power (kWh) of the disinfection
Figure 4. Total and fecal coliforms inactivation and COD removal with ozone.
system, F is the water flow rate (m3/h) and ci, cf are the initial and final amount of microorganisms (CFU/mL).
Considering Equation (1), EEO values for the different experimental conditions tested in this work were determined and are shown in Table2 In all cases, fecal coliforms required the highest value of electric energy per order.
It is clear that EEO values for the UV process are lower than those determined for the ozone process in all the water flows tested. As explained earlier, EEO may represent the actual operational cost for every technology if energy cost is considered. This means that the lowest the EEO value, the lowest the operational cost will be.
For both, UV and O3 disinfection processes, the EEO value was related to the water flow. For all cases, the higher the water flow, the lower the EEO value. Thus, for UV disinfection, EEO went from 447.5 kWh/m3/order at 0.16 L/sec of water flow to 247.7 kWh/m3/order when the water flow value was increased to 0.5 L/sec. However, this difference in the EEO value is not proportional to the increase in the water flow: whereas water flow increased over 3 times, EEO was reduced only about 1.8 fold. This trend could be due to the reaction kinetics involved in the disinfection process. Usually, disinfection kinetics is proposed to be accurately described by the Chick-Watson equation. In the case of radiation driven processes, Bandala et al., (2009) [24] have proposed the use of a modified Chick-Watson kinetics where the concentration of the disinfecting reagent is replaced by the energy dose.
They have found that the proposed mathematical approach fits the experimental values fairly well. In the case of the experiments described here, the presence of organic matter in the wastewater may lead to differences in the reaction kinetics which may produce non-linear relationships. The other possibility may be that the suspended solids may act as a "protective shell" for the microorganisms during the disinfection procedure and this may interfere with the proposed linear disinfection kinetics.
A similar trend was found in the case of the ozone disinfection process. In this case, the EEO value decreased about 1.5 times (from 2529.7 to 1638 kWh/m3/order)
Table 2. Electric energy per order (EEO) values, in kWh/m3/order, for the tested disinfection procedures as function of the water flow and microorganism type.
when the water flow was changed from 0.16 to 0.5 L/sec, a lower decrease than the one found in UV disinfection. The difference may be explained by the fact that ozone is able to react with organic matter present in the wastewater as observed in Figure 3. It is clear that this side reaction will generate changes in the disinfection kinetics even at a higher level than that described for the UV process.
UV radiation and ozonation were investigated as disinfection alternatives for the wastewater treatment plant at the Autonomous Metropolitan University—Azcapotzalco campus, evaluating the inactivation of total and fecal coliforms.
UV light presented a high bacterial inactivation, over 80%, while fecal coliforms were less affected by the increase in energy fluency than total coliforms.
Total coliforms showed higher inactivation rates than fecal coliforms at all the pH values tested but the lowest bacterial inactivation was observed at about pH 7.
Ozone displayed a low oxidation potential, and the best results were obtained for ozone doses of about 20 mg/min with removals of 72% and 78% of fecal and total coliforms, respectively. The maximum bacterial resistance was observed at pH values near 7, in both cases.
Ozone also led to a reduction of organic matter in the effluent measured as COD, the highest removal obtained being 36% for 20 mg O3/min. Finally the EEO (kWh/m3/order) was obtained, being noteworthy that EEO values for the UV process were lower than those determined for the ozone process in all the water flows tested.
For both UV and O3 disinfection processes, the EEO value was related to water flow (in all the cases, the higher the water flow is, the lower the EEO value will be).
This work was supported by the Autonomous Metropolitan University—Azcapotzalco campus, and the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) provided a scholarship to Y. Bustos.
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J. A. Morgan, A. E. Hoet, T. E. Wittum, C. M. Monahan and J. F. Martin "Reduction of Pathogen Indicator Organisms in Dairy Wastewater Using an Ecological Treatment System," Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 37, 2008, pp. 272-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0120
M. A. Belmont, E. Castellano, S. Thompson, M. Williamson, A. Sanchez and C. Metcalf, "Treatment of Domestic Wastewater in a Pilot-Scale Natural Treatment System in Central Mexico," Ecological Engineering, Vol. 23, No. 4-5, 2004, pp. 299-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.11.003
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text:
Keurig "K-Cup" Coffee Containers
Roddy Scheer and Doug Moss August 25, 2014
Dear EarthTalk: What is the environmental impact of those "K-Cups" everyone seems to be using nowadays to make coffee at both home and office? – Chris B., Stamford, CT K-Cups—those little one-serving coffee containers that allow people to brew one cup at a time in a specially designed Keurig brewing machine—are all the rage these days. Each K-Cup is made up of a plastic outer container with one cup's worth of ground coffee and a small filter inside, capped off with a foil lid. They go into Keurig brewing machines which pierce the bottom of the K-Cup with a nozzle that then forces hot water through the coffee grounds and filter, and then out into the drinker's cup. K-Cups and the Keurig brewers are convenient and require little to no clean-up while producing gourmet quality coffee for a fraction of the price that a retail coffee shop would charge. Environmentalists' beef with the Keurig system is in the single-use, non-recyclable nature of the packaging, given the implications for our waste stream.
The individual parts of a K-Cup (plastic, paper and foil) could theoretically be recycled on their own, but the combination is too small and messy for recycling facilities to be able to sort. So our only choice is to throw the whole K-Cup pack, lock stock and barrel, into the garbage. Each pound of coffee consumed sends 50 K-Cups to the landfill. And with upwards of 17 million U.S. households and offices possessing Keurig brewers these days, billions of K-Cups are already ending up in landfills every year. Keurig Green Mountain, the company behind the K-Cup revolution, is on the case about the bad environmental reputation it is developing over the issue. As a first step, it launched its Grounds to Grow On program in 2011 whereby office customers can purchase K-Cup recovery bins and fill them up with spent K-Cups. When the boxes are full, they are shipped to Keurig's disposal partner, which turns the used coffee grounds into compost and sends the rest out to be incinerated in a "waste-to-energy" power plant. Critics point out, though, that waste-to-energy is hardly green given the airborne pollutants released from incinerator smokestacks and the fact that, in the words of Julie Craves of the Coffee & Conservation blog, recycling is the enemy of the never-ending stream of garbage needed to feed waste-to-energy facilities. In 2012, Keurig Green Mountain, realizing it still had a lot of work to do on sustainability matters, undertook a lifecycle assessment across its product lines—and set ambitious sustainability targets to achieve by 2020. Chief among them is to make all K-Cups 100 percent recyclable. Other goals include ensuring responsible sourcing for all its primary agricultural and manufactured products, reducing life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of its brewed beverages by 25 percent compared to the 2012 baseline, and achieving zero waste-to-landfills its manufacturing and distribution facilities. Those who love the Keurig system but are ready to forego the environmental guilt sooner than 2020 do have some options. Julie Craves reports that used K-Cups can actually be refilled with ground coffee and reused. An easier option might be buying a reusable K-Cup—most of them are made out of plastic with a stainless steel mesh filter.
Still the best choice for the environment, however, might be getting the old traditional coffee pot out of storage and brewing up several cups at once—just like the old days. CONTACTS: Keurig Green Mountain, www.keuriggreenmountain.com; Coffee & Conservation Blog, www.coffeehabitat.com.
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Long ago was a man named Nicholas. He was a kind man who served God in a small seaside town in western Turkey named Myra. He became the leader of the church in the town and was called the Bishop of Myra.
There are many wonderful stories about this kind man. One of the happiest stories is about The Three Purses.
There were three beautiful young girls who were daughters of a nobleman. Their father was once wealthy and important. When the daughters were little, everyone knew they would one day marry wealthy men and live fine lives.
But, as time passed, the father became poor. He lost his money and became poor. He was so poor that he had no to buy food or clothes for his daughters. The daughters could often be heard crying. Worse than being cold and hungry, they had no money for their dowries. They would never be able to get married.
In olden times in that land, a single girl had to have a dowry. This was money that the girl?s parents gave to the groom at the time of the wedding. No respectable young man would be allowed by his parents to marry a girl who had no dowry, no matter how much he might love the girl. Their father was ashamed that he could not make his daughters happy. Many nights he sat up late, just looking at his sleeping daughters, remembering when times had been better.
One day Nicholas heard of the sad state of this family. One night when the maidens were asleep, the good man took a handful of gold coins and put them into a bag, called a purse. He went to the nobleman's house. The windows were often left open to let in the cool night air. Nicholas found the open window where the three daughters slept. He threw the purse into the room where it landed on the bed of the sleeping maidens.
This was one of the nights when the father had stayed up late. He heard something hit the bed, something that sounded like coins. He picked up the purse and opened it. When he saw the gold coins, he rejoiced and awakened his daughters. He gave most of the gold to his eldest child for a dowry. This allowed her to marry the man whom she loved.
A few days later Saint Nicholas filled another purse with gold. Again, he went by night to the nobleman's house. Again he tossed the purse through the open window. This allowed the second daughter to marry the young man she loved.
"Oh good Saint Nicholas! why do you hide yourself and do your good deeds at night?" The father ran and kissed the Bishop's hands. Nicholas, was overcome with confusion at having been discovered. He begged the nobleman not to tell anyone what had happened.
The nobleman's third daughter was able to marry the young man whom she loved. She and her father, her two sisters and the women?s three husbands lived happily for the rest of their lives. Was the nobleman able to keep the secret? I don't think so, because this story has been told over and over for many years. And the good Bishop was the first to be called by the name we know today - Saint Nicholas.
* Some tell in the legend that the coin for one of the daughters bounced off the bed and landed in the stocking of one of the daughters. Those who believe this often believe that St. Nicholas began filling stockings with gifts after that.


"I'm really enjoying the season finale of the UK," quipped Irish software engineer Damian Sullivan on Twitter. His joke may not be far off the mark. Brexit negotiations are looking more and more like the type of destructive brinkmanship that the US has seen in recent years. But the stakes are much higher in the UK — rather than just shutting down parts of the government, a failure to reach a Brexit deal would result in huge economic and legal chaos. That in turn could prompt Scotland to leave the UK, meaning that Brexit would indeed be the union's final episode.
Meanwhile, Brexit basically assures that Britain will lose a substantial piece of its dominant industry — finance, a good portion of which is scrambling to relocate to cities on the continent such as Frankfurt.
It's clear that once Brexit happens, the UK will need to sell the world something besides financial services.
In the long run, this will probably be a good thing for the UK, as the country had become too dependent on finance. But it's bound to cause economic disruption. The UK is very dependent on exports, which represent almost a third of the country's gross domestic product.
Compare this to Japan, which is famous for its exporting prowess, but which exports less than half of that much of its GDP.
It's clear that once Brexit happens, the UK will need to sell the world something besides financial services. The highest-value alternatives are software, clean energy, high-tech manufacturing, biotech and the like. These industries will probably develop naturally to some extent, but the urgency of Brexit means that the British government should think about giving them a push. In other words, the UK need to embrace what it has long disdained — industrial policy.
Fortunately, this is actually in the works. The government of Theresa May, for all its faults, has been very active in promoting such a programme. In late 2017, Ms May released a lengthy document that describes a number of bold initiatives for resuscitating Britain's industrial prowess.
The ideas are, for the most part, good ones. In addition to spending on infrastructure and education, one central initiative would be increased research spending. The UK now spends much less of its economic output on research than its peers.
Ms May's plan would increase this to 2.4 per cent of GDP by 2027, which would still leave Britain on the low end, but not so egregiously behind. In addition to tax credits, loans for innovative business activities and infrastructure improvements, the government plans to directly subsidise research with an "Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund" of £725 million (Dh3.50 billion), or almost $1bn. That fund would invest in a number of technology areas the government deems promising or important, such as next-generation batteries, precision medicine and many others.
Importantly, the government plans to work with universities to do much of this innovation. University-private partnerships have proven highly effective in the US, establishing a pipeline from government funding to academic labs to corporate commercialisation and start-ups. Universities also tend to give lagging regional economies a boost, by concentrating human capital in an area and drawing in private investment. Years of finance-centric development has left the UK with a geographically unbalanced economy, with London thriving while other regions flag; research at universities outside of the capital city will help reverse this trend.
This approach is the culmination of many years of effort by thought leaders in the UK to persuade the government to embrace a research-oriented industrial policy. Prominent among those thought leaders was Mariana Mazzucato, an Italian-born American economist now working as a professor at University College London. In her landmark book "The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs Private Sector Myths", Ms Mazzucato highlighted the key role that government-supported research played in the creation of key technologies such as the internet, which later created enormous private wealth. Ms Mazzucato's tireless efforts to promote an industrial strategy centred around government support for research and commercialisation have obviously found a friendly ear in the May government, as well as in the opposition Labour Party.
But Ms May's strategy, although a big step in the right direction, has one area where it could stand to improve — immigration. The UK is a small country, with just 66 million people. Even with substantially upgraded education, there's no way Britain can train enough scientists, engineers, technicians and other high-skilled workers to meet the needs of an international technology hub. It will have to let in more of the world's best and brightest. The country now has a cap of 20,700 on high-skilled visas — a tiny and totally insufficient number.
The problem will only be worsened by Brexit, as migrants from the EU are no longer given easy entry. Tellingly, Ms Mazzucato herself, who has lived in the UK for 20 years, was recently denied permanent residency. This ironic twist is just one indicator of the dysfunction in an immigration system tainted by a wave of xenophobic sentiment after the 2016 Brexit referendum.
The May government has promised to increase skilled immigration, including abolishing the skilled worker cap. But its proposals are filled with restrictive measures, and focus overwhelmingly on temporary work visas, indicating the isolationist mood in the country. Instead of trying to attract talented guest workers, the UK should implement a programme for skilled people to immigrate permanently. That sort of system has been used to great effect by Britain's former colony, Canada. The UK is a small island, but with fertility rates below the level needed for long-term population replacement, there will be room to let in more people.
The UK is moving in the right direction with its new industrial strategy. But to really become a research and technology powerhouse, it will need more talent, much of it from other nations.


You're about to be treated to my hubby's favorite dish which I made for him on Valentine's day. It's not a new recipe creation for me. I started making these chicken Enchiladas several years ago and my husband fell in love with them. He always asks for them on special occasions because he thinks they are hard to make.
The truth, they are ridiculously easy to make. Yes, there seems to be a lot of ingredients and steps but it's really just a lot of simmering to blend and tenderize. And honestly, so good! It is well worth any time spent in the kitchen.
I'm hungry so let's get started. 😉 Place some chicken breasts in a large pan, cover with sliced onions, add enough water to cover about 2 inches above the food. Bring to a boil. Reduce heat to medium, cover with a lid, and simmer for an hour.
About halfway through the chicken's cooking time start the salsa verde. You can save time by using processed green sauce but, homemade salsa verde is so much fresher and it's so easy to make. Once you try homemade you won't want to buy it again.
Husk and rinse the tomatillos. Place in a large pan. Add onions, peppers, and garlic. Pour in enough water to cover the vegetables about halfway. Bring to a boil reducing heat and simmering for 10 minutes.
If you prefer a milder salsa you can replace the serrano with poblano which is milder and similar in taste to a bell pepper. In the hot scale, it goes like this: Poblano, Jalapeno, Serrano with the serrano being the hotter of the three. Want to take the heat up, or down, even more? Use this heat scale to spice it up.
Special Note: To keep more heat, you want to keep the seeds. I'm not that brave when it comes to heat, in fact, I a bit of a baby. I prefer to remove the seeds. Always use gloves when you work with peppers. You ever take out your contacts when you forgot to wear gloves?
Dump the contents of the pan, using as much of the water as needed to help blend, in a food processor. Add the cilantro and pulse until the ingredients are smooth. Using the same pan add some cooking oil to lightly coat the bottom of pan and heat. Add the salsa and salt. Mix. Simmer for 20 minutes.
Spoon the chicken and onions out of pot and place on a large cutting board. The chicken will be very tender and pull apart easily. Let cool enough to work with.
While the chicken cools down, warm the tortillas. I am totally and completely in love with *Tortilla Land uncooked tortillas. Just heat on a non-stick pan, or griddle, until they begin to puff and are a slight golden color. As close to making your own as you can get. So good!
When the chicken and onions are cool enough to work with, shred using two forks.
Place chicken down the center of tortillas. Sprinkle with shredded cheddar cheese.
Roll the tortilla around the chicken and cheese.
Spread a cup of the salsa Verdi on the bottom of a baking pan. Place the enchiladas seam down in the prepared pan. Pour the remaining salsa verde over the enchiladas.
Place the chicken in a large pan. Cover with the onions. Add the water and bring to a boil. Reduce heat and simmer for an hour.
Let cool enough to work with.
While the chicken cools prepare the *tortillas. Set aside keeping warm.
Place the tomatillos, onion, peppers, and garlic in a separate large pot, or Dutch oven and cover with water. Bring to a boil reducing heat and simmering for 10 minutes.
Place the boiled vegetables and cilantro in a food processor and pulse until all the ingredients are smooth.
Heat the oil in the pot used to boil the vegetables.
Pour the salsa back into the pot. Add salt and stir. Simmer for 20 minutes.
Using two forks, shred the chicken and onions.
Place the chicken down the center of tortillas. Sprinkle with cheddar cheese.
Roll the tortillas around the filling.
Spread a cup of the salsa Verdi on the bottom of a 13" x 9" baking pan. Place the enchiladas seam down in the pan. Pour the remaining salsa verde over the enchiladas.
Bake uncovered in preheated oven for 35 minutes.


text:
PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION
Home > Energy > Infrastructure > Permitting and Environmental Review > Current Projects
Delaney Colorado River Transmission Ten West Link Project
(Application No. A.16-10-012)
Last Update: June 5, 2019
NOTE: Linked files presented on this page are in PDF format. To view them, you will need to download the free Adobe Acrobat Reader if it is not already installed on your computer.
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Welcome to the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) website for the environmental review of the proposed construction of the Ten West Link Project (proposed project) located near the Interstate 10 corridor in Western Riverside County, California. The applicant for the proposed project is Delaney Colorado River Transmission LLC (DCRT). This website provides information relevant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) review process.
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), in its role as the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) lead agency, is preparing an environmental impact statement (EIS) for the proposed project. The BLM issued a Notice of Intent to prepare an EIS on March 23, 2016, and completed the NEPA scoping process in June 2016. A portion of the proposed project is located within the State of California and will require approval from the CPUC. Because this approval is a discretionary action, the CPUC must comply with the requirements of CEQA. The CPUC intends to rely on the BLM EIS per CEQA Guidelines, Section 15221. The environmental documents prepared for the proposed project can be accessed on the BLM Ten West website.
The following timeline represents BLM's overall environmental review process (green box depicts current status).
Application and Notice of Intent
Environmental Documentation
DCRT filed an application for a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (Application A.16-10-012) for the proposed project with CPUC on October 12, 2016, accompanied by a description of proposed transmission facilities. On September 14, 2014, DCRT filed a right-of-way application (SF-299) with the BLM that proposes to construct, operate, maintain, and decommission an electric transmission project in western Arizona and eastern California. The proposed project would consist of a 500-kilovolt (kV) transmission line traversing approximately 114 miles, with a 17-mile segment in California. The proposed project would increase transmission capacity by 3,200 megawatts and provide interconnection capability for new energy projects located near the proposed project.
The proposed project includes installation of a 500-kV transmission line, transmission supporting structures between 72 and 190 feet in height, conductors, overhead ground wire, and a new series compensation system substation.
Project construction of the entire 114-mile transmission line is expected to require approximately 38 months to complete.
The 17-mile portion of the proposed project in California would begin at the Colorado River Substation west of the City of Blythe and run eastward to the Colorado River near the Interstate 10 corridor in western Riverside County, California (see the Location Map). For a description and the location of the project components in Arizona, please refer to the BLM Ten West website.
The application, appendices to the application, and BLM Notice of Intent are available for the public to view at the following links:
Application for the Ten West Link Project – October 12, 2016
Application Appendices A–O – October 12, 2016
BLM Notice of Intent – March 23, 2016
Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Draft Resources Management Plan Amendments and Appendices
The Draft EIS (DEIS) and Draft RMPA (DRMPA) and appendices prepared by BLM, with review by CPUC, were released for public review on August 31, 2018, for a 90-day public review period ending November 29, 2018. Below are links to the DEIS/DRMPA and appendices. Comments on the environmental documentation were due no later than November 29, 2018.
DEIS and DRMPA (includes Appendices 1 through 6; see PDF page 376 for Appendix 1C, Supplemental CPUC Information)
Appendix 7: Part 1 – Figures 2.2-1 through 3.7-6
Appendix 7: Part 2 – Figures 3.8-1 through 4.11-4b
Appendix 7: Part 3 – Figures 4.11-5 through 4.11-26
Below is an outline of additional project information available on the BLM Ten West project website (please click Here to access the BLM webpage):
Federal Register Notice – Notice of Intent to Prepare EIS
Project Map 01-2016
Ten West Link Transmission Line DEIS and DRMPA
Map (Overview Map)
Notice of Availability
BLM News Release
Technical Environmental Study
Technical Environmental Study: Appendices
Economic Strategies Workshop Report_8/23/16
Scoping Report
DEIS_DRMPA: Additional Figures Associated with Chapter 2, 3, and 4.
Please click Here to access additional project information outlined above on the BLM Ten West project website
The CPUC, through its environmental review team, is conducting an environmental review of the proposed project. To request additional information, or to be added to the mailing list, please contact us by email, fax, or phone, as follows:
Project email: Tenwest@dudek.com
Project voicemail: (877) 345-9502
Project fax: (877) 345-9504
The CPUC project manager's contact information is the following:
Eric Chiang, CPUC Project Manager
Please report any problems to the Energy Division web coordinator.
BLM Ten West Website
BLM Documents Page
A.16.10.012 – CPUC Proceeding


A big change is coming to the way content is created within WordPress. Called "Gutenberg", it is a brand new editor that is meant to make the process of adding rich media to your content a more intuitive process. It's scheduled for release with WordPress 5.0, which could arrive this spring or summer.
To repeat: It is a big change.
This is considered to be the biggest change to the WordPress software in WordPress history. This upgrade has to be coordinated with all of those that must function with the core software – plugin developers, theme developers, hosting companies, and then developers and designers and administrators and user accounts. SO… that's a pretty big deal, and even though this change has been in the works for quite a long time, it is still being worked out, and there is still plenty of marketplace confusion about where we'll end up with. There is considerable marketplace consternation about how the final WordPress 5.0 will work, or not work, with existing sites upon release. So our mantra will be: go slow.
We are going to install a plugin so that you can use the old editor initially. Several reasons for that – you'll want some training info on the new editor, there are always bugs and fixes in the WordPress core and plugin community that will pop up only after millions of users are implementing code changes, and we want to keep the customer need manageable during this change.
Our goal for our WordPress clients will be for as seamless as a transition as it absolutely possible to the software upgrade, and only after a bit of time after the transition, to work with you on how to take advantage of the new features and changes.
We will be sending further information out in future expanding on these plans. We will keep you in the loop.
« Have You Noticed the U.S. Mail Service Volume Is Slowing?


Antalya is a typical modern city and more, view to see how to get to Antalya. There is so much choice from local Turkish cuisine to seafood restaurants and fast food takeaways. As a rule there is excellent value and visitors will find they do not have to spend a fortune to enjoy an excellent meal whether in central places like the Jolly Joker Antalya or in any of the seafood restaurants in Lara.
Alternatives range from Kaleici Corbacisi (soup) to Seraser Fine Dining Restaurant. Mermerli looks down over the harbour while the Vanilla Lounge regularly gets good reviews.
•Japanese – Kokoyaki Sushi in Lara Street and fairly central.
•American/Argentinian – Turgay Steak House, Lara.
•Spanish - Pio Castro Bar & Bistro in Kaleici Antalya.
Everyone staying anywhere along the Turquoise Coast should sample the fresh fish, and seafood in general. Sea bass, sea bream, grouper, red mullet, octopus, calamari and prawns have never tasted this good.


text:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

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	void Start () {
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	}

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	void Update () {
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        Ray ray = new Ray(this.transform.position, this.transform.forward);
        RaycastHit hit;

        if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit)) {
            endPoint = hit.point;
        }
        line.SetVertexCount(2);
        line.SetPositions(new Vector3[2] { this.transform.position, endPoint });
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ms. Anita Wilson is the President and CEO of Reflection Media, Inc., a content company which owns both the "Worship Soul" and "Sunday Song" albums, videos and more. Rick Robinson (Husband) and Anita are partners in life and in music as they consistently write and produce classic hits. MAW's hands on approach to every detail of her business and career has solidified her longevity as a singer, songwriter and music executive.
Local artist Aliya Hall will open for Ms Anita Wilson – Here's To Life!


text:
Amazon decision prompts another pitch from Oneida County
Joseph A. Griffo
picente
Posted Friday, February 15, 2019 4:00 pm
Amazon's decision to not pursue a new corporate center in the New York City borough of Queens prompted reaction from Mohawk Valley state lawmakers and a renewed pitch to the company to set up in the Rome area.
State Sen. Joe Griffo, R-47 of Rome and Oneida County Executive Anthony Picente issued a joint statement and letter addressed to Amazon founder Jeff Bezos to consider the Utica-Rome region. They cited the region's central location, home values, "wonderful schools and a hard-working and highly skilled workforce," along with Griffiss International Airport, the county-owned former Air Force base with one of the longest runways in the Northeast and which is one of seven federally designated locations for drone development and testing.
"While HQ2 is not going forward in Queens, we can assure you an investment by Amazon in the Utica-Rome area of Upstate New York would be greeted with open arms," Griffo and Picente wrote in the letter. "In short, this region and its residents embody the spirit and ingenuity that Amazon is looking for when it comes to potential sites to build a facility."
They added, "Whether it's opening a new satellite corporate facility, expanding drone research and testing or establishing a fulfillment center or distribution hub we are ready and willing to be a partner with Amazon in any endeavor you choose to pursue.
"Our area would benefit greatly from the jobs and economic infusion that a company such as yours would bring if it chose to establish a presence here and would serve as a great ambassador for Amazon."
This isn't the first attempt to get Amazon's attention. The airport was cited in a pitch to Amazon developed by CenterState Corporation for Economic Opportunity on behalf of Rome, Utica, Syracuse and Cayuga and Cortland counties as the company sought cities and metro areas to compete for its new corporate second headquarters.
Then in December, shortly after Amazon announced it would build satellite headquarters in Queens and northern Virginia, Picente wrote to Gov. Andrew Cuomo seeking help luring spin-off business to Griffiss and Oneida County.
Other state lawmakers representing parts of the region weighed-in on Thursday's announcement, mostly to criticize how the Cuomo administration pursues economic development.
"It's a sad day when we can't attract a major player in the world economic market to New York," first-term Assemblyman John Salka, R-121 of Brookfield. "The governor and his circle couldn't keep Amazon's interest even with a $3 billion sweetheart deal; it just shows how fostering high taxes and an anti-business mindset can hurt the state as a whole. Cuomo's failure to court Jeff Bezos with special deals and incentives truly highlights how he's ruined the business reputation of New York."
Assemblyman Brian Miller, R-101 of New Hartford issued a statement saying the decision shows state government should focus on helping existing businesses grow, particularly upstate.
"Though I am opposed to corporate welfare – specifically providing massive tax incentives to the wealthiest company in the world – I know constituents throughout my district would gladly welcome 25,000 Amazon jobs and so do I," Miller said.
"It is unfortunate, however, that the state continues to focus its economic development strategy on these types of hand-outs and 'economic hunting' tactics rather than on 'economic gardening' efforts that support and promote the existing businesses in our state. Family farms and other small businesses across upstate New York are the true backbone of our economy and they need the help, not massive corporations. As we continue to negotiate a state budget and job-creating programs, I hope Albany regains its focus on the upstate economy."


text:
Dance Like Nobody's Watching
Release date: TBC Label: Warner Music
Welcome back to Eurosolution the absolutely amazing SAARA AALTO, who gets set to unleash her incredible new single "Dance Like Nobody's Watching"
LGBTQ+ Singer Saara Aalto launches her brand new music video, 'Dance Like Nobody's Watching' with gender variant & transgender young persons charity, Mermaids.
The breathtakingly uplifting music video tells the important story of a transgender woman, played by Jessica Allen, looking back through her life to a time where she was not the person she was meant to be and longing to dance. Facing herself in the mirror today, she sees herself as the professional ballerina she knew she would always be, in a bold and emotional display of strength, positivity and hope. Today she is her true self.
The story is very close to Saara's heart, she wrote the song and devised the story after speaking with friends who have experienced the same journey in life. Saara explains 'Dance Like Nobody's Watching' is the most precious and important song of my career so far. I want this song and video to empower anybody who maybe doubts themselves or has others doubt them to see that you can truly be who you are meant to be. Your life can be incredible, beautiful and peaceful. It takes courage, strength and ultimately a no fear attitude, but you can do it'.
Watch The Video Now: https://youtu.be/MiFeJCM6K-g
Jessica Allen, the video's lead, is a professional ballerina and dancer having had principal roles in the musical 'Cats' & the English National Ballet Company. In 2013, Jessica realised she was transgender and began her transition; this, paired with a severe injury led to her retirement from professional dance. Jessica is now ready to take herself out of retirement and 'Dance Like Nobody's Watching' is her first professional dancing role as her correct gender.
Saara launches the 'Dance Like Nobody's Watching' music video on Sunday 3rd Feb with Mermaids, a charity providing much-needed support to gender variant and transgender children, young people and their families. Susie Green, CEO of Mermaids, says 'This video is so important as it provides a positive representation of trans youth, and we know that this works towards increased acceptance and understanding. The world can be a hostile place for trans kids, this beautiful and emotive piece created by a mainstream artist, tackling some of the key issues faced, gives a platform that will be widely seen and appreciated.'
Saara goes on to say 'As an LGBTQ+ artist myself, I have experienced prejudices both personal and professional, but I made my dream of being a singer come true and I want to use this platform to inspire others that you too can lead a lead positive and loving life'.
'Dance Like Nobody's Watching' music video is released via Warner Music


As an independent firm, Equanimity Wealth Management acts as a client advocate in the marketplace, ensuring all recommendations are from the perspective of 'what would we do if we were the client'. We began in the business in 1992, doing comprehensive financial planning prior to making any investment recommendations to ensure client objectives remain the centerpiece of all recommendations.
As your most trusted financial advisor, it's important that we offer you a comprehensive plan to help you pursue your financial goals and objectives. You trust us to provide a blueprint that will take you in the right direction. We'll continually monitor and evaluate your financial plan and communicate with you in a transparent way, so you'll know your plan is always up-to-date. Finally, we hold ourselves accountable to helping you take the necessary steps in following your financial plan.
By providing holistic financial planning services, you can be confident that your financial needs are accounted for at Equanimity Wealth Management.
We will work tirelessly to help you …find yours. That may mean traveling, pursuing a hobby or second career, immersing yourself in your church or favorite charity, or spending time with your family and friends.
This requires managing your wealth in an ever-changing economic landscape and developing a financial plan that is client-centric, objective-focused, and updated regularly as circumstances change.
Have our disciplined, experience team put our decades of planning experience to work for you so you can focus living your life as you see fit, and …find yours.


text:
The Copyright Act of 1909 () was a landmark statute in United States statutory copyright law.  It went into effect on July 1, 1909. The 1909 Act was repealed and superseded by the Copyright Act of 1976, which went into effect on January 1, 1978; but some of 1909 Act's provisions continue to apply to copyrighted works created before 1978. It allowed for works to be copyrighted for a period of 28 years from the date of publication and extended the renewal term from 14 years (effective as of the Copyright Act of 1831) to 28 years, for a maximum of 56 years (in place of the former 42 years).

Background

Before the 1909 Act, the last major revision to United States copyright law was the 1790 Act.  Methods of reproducing and duplicating works subject to copyright had significantly increased since the 1790 Act.  President Theodore Roosevelt expressed the need for a complete revision of copyright law as opposed to amendments, saying in a message to Congress in December 1905, "Our copyright laws urgently need revision. They are imperfect in definition, confused and inconsistent in expression; they omit provision for many articles which, under modern reproductive processes, are entitled to protection; they impose hardships upon the copyright proprietor which are not essential to the fair protection of the public; they are difficult for the courts to interpret and impossible for the Copyright Office to administer with satisfaction to the public."

Under the 1909 Act, federal statutory copyright protection attached to original works only when those works were 1) published and 2) had a notice of copyright affixed. Thus, state copyright law governed protection for unpublished works, but published works, whether containing a notice of copyright or not, were governed exclusively by federal law. If no notice of copyright was affixed to a work and the work was "published" in a legal sense, the 1909 Act provided no copyright protection and the work became part of the public domain.  In the report submitted by the House Committee on Patents, they designed the copyright law "not primarily for the benefit of the author, but primarily for the benefit of the public." The 1976 Act changed this result, providing that copyright protection attaches to works that are original and fixed in a tangible medium of expression, regardless of publication or affixation of notice.

It also created (codified in Section 1(e)) the first compulsory mechanical license to allow anyone to make a mechanical reproduction (known today as a phonorecord) of a musical composition without the consent of the copyright owner provided that the person adhered to the provisions of the license. (Congress intended it to govern piano rolls.) In later practice, compulsory license made it possible to record and distribute a cover version of a hit song –  once a recording had been released, and the copyright owner was served with a notice of intention to use – that directly competed with the original.

Case law

White-Smith Music Publishing Company v. Apollo Company

In February 1908, the Supreme Court ruled that manufacturers of pianola music rolls were not required to pay royalties to composers, based on the holding that these music rolls were not copies of musical compositions within the meaning of copyright law because it was not "a written or printed record in intelligible notation." This decision on sheet music was superseded by the Act.

F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.

In 1952, the Supreme Court held that the Act gave trial judges significant freedom in imposing legal remedies to discourage copyright infringement. Under this ruling, judges could penalize copyright infringers with repaying profits or paying compensation for damages. If damages could not be determined, judges could levy statutory damages instead.

Herbert v. Shanley Co.

On January 22, 1917, Supreme Court Justice Oliver Holmes upheld the right for copyright owners to compensation for a public performance of a musical composition, even if there was no direct charge for admission.  This ruling forced Shanley's Restaurant in New York to pay a fee to songwriter Victor Herbert for playing one of his songs on a player piano during dinner.  This decision helped the ASCAP adopt the royalty-payment mechanism known as a "blanket license", which is still used today. Under a blanket license, signatory businesses such as restaurants have the right to play any composition of an ASCAP artist for an annual fee.

Notable amendments

The Townsend Amendment of 1912
This amendment resulted in motion pictures being specifically added to the category of protected works. Prior to this amendment, United States copyright law did not protect nor register motion picture films.  Instead, most motion picture filmmakers would register their work as a collection of still photographs.

The Act of March 28, 1914
This amendment amended section 12 of the Copyright Act of 1909, allowing foreign authors whose work had been published in a foreign country to submit only one copy of the best edition of their work, rather than the customary two. This helped ease the deposit requirements of foreign authors.

The Act of September 25, 1941
This amended section 8 of the Copyright Act of 1909 with the intention to preserve the right of authors during periods of emergency, and specifically for World War II.  The purpose of this amendment was to prevent authors, copyright owners, or proprietors from losing the opportunity to acquire or preserve copyright protection for their works because of the disruption of communication or suspension of facilities where they could acquire copyright licenses because of the war.

See also
 United States Copyright Law
 Copyright Act of 1790
 Copyright Act of 1831
 Copyright Act of 1976
 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
 List of copyright case law

References

Bibliography

"Act of March 4, 1909 (in effect July 1, 1909)." Copyright Law of the United States. Copyright.gov, 2012. Web. 8 Jan. 2012. <http://www.copyright.gov/history/1909act.pdf>.

External links

United States federal copyright legislation
1909 in law

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Der weibliche Vorname Anja ist eine russische Koseform von Anna/Anne.

Der Name ist ebenfalls in Deutschland, Skandinavien und Slowenien stark vertreten.

Im englisch- und vor allem spanischsprachigen Raum ist die alternative Schreibweise Anya gebräuchlich.

Der Namenstag ist der 26. Juli.

Verbreitung
Der Name Anja war in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wenig verbreitet in Deutschland. In den 1950er-Jahren wurde er dann schnell populär. Von der Mitte der 1960er- bis Anfang der 1980er-Jahre war er oft unter den zehn meistvergebenen Mädchenvornamen des jeweiligen Jahres. In den 1990ern ist seine Beliebtheit dann stark gesunken.

Namensträgerinnen

Anja
 Anja Althaus (* 1982), deutsche Handballspielerin
 Anja Antonowicz (* 1981), deutsch-polnische Schauspielerin
 Anja Backhaus (* 1975), deutsche Radio- und Fernsehmoderatorin
 Anja Bayer (* 1971), deutsch-amerikanische Künstlerin und Lyrikerin
 Anja Berger (* 1992), deutsche Torhüterin
 Anja Blacha (* 1990), deutsche Bergsteigerin
 Anja Bröker (* 1973), deutsche Fernsehjournalistin
 Anja Caspary (* 1964), deutsche Radiojournalistin
 Anja Charlet, geb. Wolf (* 1967), deutsche Journalistin und Fernsehmoderatorin
 Anja Coleby (* 1971), australische Schauspielerin
 Anja Fichtel (* 1968), ehemalige deutsche Florettfechterin
 Anja Förster (* 1966), deutsche Autorin
 Anja Franke (* 1964), deutsche Drehbuchautorin, Regisseurin und Schauspielerin
 Anja Freese (Anja Freese-Binder) (* 1965), deutsche Schauspielerin
 Anja Gockel (* 1968), deutsche Modedesignerin
 Anja Gräfenstein (* 1981), deutsche Schauspielerin und Sprecherin
 Anja Günther (* 1983), deutsche Beachvolleyball- und Volleyballspielerin
 Anja Harms (* 1960), deutsche Grafikdesignerin und Buchkünstlerin
 Anja Harteros (* 1972), deutsche Opernsängerin
 Anja Heyde (* 1976), deutsche Fernsehmoderatorin und Journalistin
 Anja Hörnich (* 1967), ehemaliges deutsches Fotomodell
 Anja Ippach (* 1985), deutsche Duathletin und Triathletin
 Anja Jaenicke (* 1963), deutsche Schauspielerin und Autorin
 Anja Kampe (* 1968), deutsch-italienische Opernsängerin
 Anja Kampmann (* 1983), deutsche Schriftstellerin
 Anja Karliczek (* 1971), deutsche Politikerin (CDU)
 Anja Kling (* 1970), deutsche Schauspielerin
 Anja Knauer (* 1979), deutsche Schauspielerin
 Anja Kohl (* 1970), deutsche Journalistin und Moderatorin
 Anja Kruse (* 1956), deutsche Schauspielerin
 Anja Langer (* 1965), deutsche Bodybuilderin
 Anja Lechner (* 1961), deutsche Cellistin
 Anja Lehmann (* 1975), deutsche Sängerin
 Anja Lukaseder (* 1967), deutsche Künstler- und Musikmanagerin
 Anja Mikus (* 1956), deutsche Bankmanagerin
 Anja Mittag (* 1985), deutsche Fußballspielerin
 Anja Müller (* 1973), deutsche Politikerin (Die Linke)
 Anja Naumann (* 1968), deutsche Verwaltungsjuristin
 Anja Nejarri (* 1975), deutsche Schauspielerin
 Anja Niedringhaus (1965–2014), deutsche Fotojournalistin
 Anja Noske (* 1986), deutsche Ruderin
 Anja Pärson (* 1981), schwedische Skirennläuferin
 Anja Piel (* 1965), deutsche Politikerin der Grünen
 Anja Franziska Plaschg, Pseudonym Soap&Skin (* 1990), österreichische Musikerin, Sängerin und Schauspielerin
 Anja Reschke (* 1972), deutsche Journalistin, Publizistin und Moderatorin
 Anja Roth (* 1979), deutsche Fernsehmoderatorin, Reporterin und Hörbuchsprecherin
 Anja Rubik (* 1983), polnisches Topmodel
 Anja Rützel (* 1973), deutsche Journalistin
 Anja Schache (* 1977), deutsche Florettfechterin
 Anja Schneider, deutsche DJ, Produzentin und Radiomacherin
 Anja Schüte (* 1964), deutsche Schauspielerin
 Anja Silja (* 1940), deutsche Opernsängerin
 Anja Sommavilla (* 1987), ehemalige deutsche Schauspielerin
 Anja Stadlober (* 1984), österreichische Schauspielerin und Synchronsprecherin
 Anja Stahmann (* 1967), deutsche Politikerin
 Anja Stoeck (* 1966), deutsche Politikerin
 Anja Sturm (* 1970), deutsche Rechtsanwältin
 Anja Topf (* 1968), österreichische Schauspielerin und Hörspielsprecherin
 Anja Tuckermann (* 1961), deutsche Autorin
 Anja Wilhelm (* 1968), ehemalige deutsche Kunstturnerin

Anya
 Anya Benton, US-amerikanisch-russische Schauspielerin und Model
 Anya Chalotra (* 1995 oder 1996), britische Schauspielerin
 Anya Kochoff (* 1969), US-amerikanische Drehbuchautorin und ehemalige Tennisspielerin
 Anya Lahiri (* 1982), britische Schauspielerin, Sängerin und Model
 Anya Major (* 1966), britische Sportlerin, Darstellerin, Model und Sängerin
 Anya Marina (* 1976), US-amerikanische Singer-Songwriterin
 Anya Monzikova (* 1984), russisch-amerikanische Schauspielerin und Model
 Anya Taylor-Joy (* 1996), argentinisch-britische Schauspielerin
 Anya Teixeira (1913–1992), britische Fotografin und Fotojournalistin ukrainischer Herkunft
 Anya Ulinich (* 1973), russischstämmige US-amerikanische Malerin und Schriftstellerin
 Anya Verkhovskaya (* ≈1969), russische Beraterin, Geschäftsführerin, Filmproduzentin und Menschenrechtsaktivistin

Fiktive Charaktere
 Anja, aus der Kinder- und Jugendserie Anja & Anton
 Anja, aus dem Theaterstück Anja und Esther
 Anya Amasova, aus dem Film James Bond 007 – Der Spion, der mich liebte
 Anya Jenkins, aus der Fernsehserie Buffy – Im Bann der Dämonen
 Anya Kischewatow, aus dem Film Sturm auf Festung Brest

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Weiblicher Vorname