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MARKETS BEWARE AS CENTRAL BANKS BEGIN TO ADMIT DEFEAT / THE FINANCIAL TIMES MARKETS INSIGHT
| Etiquetas: Bond Markets, Economics, Financial Markets, Stock Markets, World Economic And Political
Markets beware as central banks begin to admit defeat
James de Bunsen
If central banks pass baton to governments to stimulate growth then the bond rally is over
©AFP
Investor positioning is as extreme as it has been since the dotcom bubble. In a neat bit of symmetry, it is some of the assets that were so detested at that time that now look most overinflated. Low volatility, high quality and defensive, with a yield, please — nothing else will do.
Investors are continually having to convince themselves that these lofty valuations and record-low yields are merited because growth is anaemic, deflationary forces abound and rate rises are years away. Nevertheless, we believe that changing perceptions over monetary and fiscal policy could overwhelm these factors and cause a meaningful and painful rotation within markets.
Base rate rises might be deemed necessary to cause such a shift in investor sentiment and positioning. But even then, as we have seen in the US, a rate rise in the world's biggest economy has not thus far derailed the unquenchable search for stability and yield.
The two best performing sectors in the US year-to-date are by some margin utilities and telecoms services — not sectors you might expect to outperform in a "normal" tightening environment. Meanwhile, the US two-year government bond yield has gone from 1.05 per cent in December to 0.55 per cent at its July low.
While we do not think rate rises are on the agenda outside the US, we do see a realistic chance that bond yields everywhere will start to rise. This will probably be caused by the growing acknowledgment that having moved from QE to ZIRP to NIRP, monetary policy is now exhausted and has arguably failed in its aim of stoking nominal GDP growth. Crucially, at the same time, we expect to see a general renaissance in fiscal expansion, which has a better chance of achieving this elusive goal.
Japan is at the forefront of this evolution. Fiscal policy was always one of Shinzo Abe's Three Arrows, but the noteworthy lack of meaningful action from the Bank of Japan in recent months leads us to believe that Japan's hopes are now pinned on government spending. Governor Haruhiko Kuroda has all but passed the baton back to Prime Minister Abe, who understands that — with apologies to Chief Brody in Jaws — he's going to need a bigger bow.
Central bankers will clearly keep talking the talk, reviewing their options, not ruling anything out, but essentially they have no bullets/arrows left — and know that some of their previous salvos proved to be the monetary equivalent of friendly fire, inflicting wounds on their nation's banks through the adoption of negative interest rates. Meanwhile, there are almost no more bonds to buy. The Bank of Japan will own 50 per cent of JGBs by 2018 on its current trajectory.
The Bank of England presumably feels duty bound to act but we would question the efficacy of cutting rates further. A 0.25 per cent cut in base rates equates to £20 per month in the pockets of a typical floating rate mortgage holder. Big deal. It also further undermines the profitability of our beleaguered banks, the lifeblood of the economy, and hurts savers.
In Europe, Mario Draghi has been crying out for political leaders to do their bit on structural reforms and pro-growth policies, with little effect. But we are seeing a moderation of the fiscal constraints and penalties that were imposed in recent years to control deficits in the periphery.
Might this relaxation evolve into full blown stimulus in core Europe? With elections looming in France and Germany, incumbent governments might decide that they must fight fire with fire against their populist rivals, and fiscal policy must count as a decent bet to win votes. Fiscal rectitude, while apparently sound, has proven to be politically life threatening.
Meanwhile in the UK, the Brexit vote has given Chancellor Philip Hammond carte blanche to ramp up borrowing (at record-low interest rates) to invest and spend. An early election together with a bigger Tory majority would only increase his boldness.
To us, traditional fiscal policy seems like a more likely scenario than so-called helicopter money. Its premise, in its various theoretical guises, appears more fraught with risk in terms of acting as an outright currency debasement or of simply being a convoluted form of government balance sheet expansion.
This apparent exhaustion of central bank ammunition will inevitably give investors pause for thought. Remember what happened when Ben Bernanke first tabled tapering in May 2013?
There was a major rotation — within a protracted sell-off — across assets. The perception that other central banks are done could have a similar impact. We think it is time to ensure that portfolios are not too exposed to this one, albeit very large, monetary dynamic — one which appears to have run its course.
James de Bunsen is a multi-asset fund manager at Henderson Global Investors
THE REPUBLICAN BANKRUPCY ILLUSION / PROJECT SYNDICATE
| Etiquetas: Banks And Banking, Financial Regulators, Financial Services, The Fed, U.S. Economic And Political
The Republican Bankruptcy Illusion
WASHINGTON, DC – There is now near-unanimity that the United States' Dodd-Frank financial reform legislation, enacted in 2010, did not end the problems associated with some banks being "too big to fail." When it comes to proposed solutions, however, no such consensus exists. On the contrary, financial regulation has become a key issue in November's presidential and congressional elections.
So who has the more plausible and workable plan for reducing the risks associated with very large financial firms? The Democrats have an agreed and implementable strategy that would represent a definite improvement over the status quo. The Republican proposal, unfortunately, is a recipe for greater disaster than the US (and the world) experienced in 2008.
On the Democratic side, Hillary Clinton's campaign materials and the party platform point to a detailed plan to defend Dodd-Frank and to go further in terms of pressing the largest firms to become less complex and, if necessary, smaller. Banks must also fund themselves in a more stable fashion. If Clinton wins, she will draw strong support from Congressional Democrats – including her rival for the Democratic nomination, Bernie Sanders, and his fellow senator, Elizabeth Warren – when she pushes in this direction.
Some commentators claim that Clinton has been "pulled to the left" on financial regulation during the campaign. But if you look carefully at her statements during this election cycle, they have been, from the very beginning, almost identical to what Warren has been seeking for the past half-dozen years.
And these goals are perfectly aligned with what all responsible officials want. Everyone in their right mind wants to prevent the largest banks from getting out of control, shifting risk into shadowy, unregulated activities (on or off their balance sheet), and fleecing consumers.
This is an entirely responsible and sensible agenda. It is opposed, of course, by people who are paid – one way or another – to represent the largest banks.
On the Republican side, Donald Trump's precise intentions are less clear, though he proudly calls himself the "king of debt," which is not particularly encouraging. Huge mountains of debt may help enrich individual property developers or financiers, but they typically add up to trouble for the macroeconomy. It was precisely those mountains that collapsed on the US and global economy in 2008. Many were buried in the Great Recession that followed; many more are still digging out.
Unlike Trump, House Republicans have formulated and published detailed plans that can fairly be compared to what the Democrats have presented. And, in the event of a Trump presidency, financial policy would likely be crafted in large part by the House Financial Services Committee, whose chairman's clearly stated priorities are to reduce consumer protection and remove any effective constraints on big banks' activities.
At the heart of the House Republican strategy is a simple idea: all financial firms should be able to go bankrupt without damaging the rest of the economy and without the government becoming involved. That is fine as a campaign slogan. But there is a major problem with the logic.
In September 2008, Lehman Brothers did go bankrupt – and no form of government support was provided. There were catastrophic consequences for the rest of the financial sector, for the non-financial economy, and for employment.
The House Republicans propose to fix that by amending the bankruptcy code. This, too, sounds good, but what exactly does it mean?
Just promising not to provide a bailout is not credible. The US is a large and powerful country and, when danger hits, investors buy up federal government debt – driving down interest rates. America has a "fortress" balance sheet, as well as one of the most credible central banks in the history of the world.
If the policymakers of the moment think that government or central-bank support will help prevent a global economic meltdown, they will act accordingly. That is what Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, and President George W. Bush (all Republicans) did after the full impact of the Lehman collapse became apparent.
The viability of the Republican bankruptcy proposal boils down to this: who will provide financing to a large complex financial institution – operating globally – while it is being restructured in bankruptcy? The private sector won't provide it. The courts themselves cannot borrow. If there is no financing, the scheme collapses – and we have another "Lehman moment," or worse.
So we must be talking about a scenario in which some part of the federal government, with or without express legislative approval, scrambles to provide an ad hoc loan in the range of tens or hundreds of billions of dollars, via a judge. This is mind-boggling and deeply disturbing.
Think of the business mistakes that will be made and the political backlash. Add the economic distortions implicit in providing so much free downside insurance.
The Democrats are lined up behind an approach to finance that will make the financial system safer, so that it never comes to this point again. The Republicans' plan would only help too-big-to-fail banks. And that help would make them more dangerous.
http://prosyn.org/6zgQ7PA
COLD, HARD CASH WILL SOON BE A DISTANT MEMORY / THEGOLDANDOILGUY.COM
| Etiquetas: Bitcoins, Blockchains, Cash, Digital Currencies
Cold, Hard Cash Will Soon Be A Distant Memory
The 'blockchain' technology, the very basis on which the bitcoins were created, is likely to become the backbone of the future digitization of money. The importance of the technology was asserted in the 16th Annual International Conference on Policy Challenges for the Financial Sector; a three-day convention which was held on June 1st through June 3rd in Washington, D.C.
The conference was held under the tutelage of the FED, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund.
It was attended by representatives of the major Central Banks, across the world. The subject for this year was 'fintech' and the first day was dedicated to studying the 'blockchain' technology which is the framework on which the popular digital currency bitcoin has been built.
FED Chairwoman Janet Yellen was the introductory speaker and she said that, "central bankers don't normally like the word "disruption, but it's not something to fear.
Technology has played a role in solving problems in the financial system in the past, and she encouraged her fellow bankers to learn everything they can about this new technology", reports the Wall Street Journal, from comments relayed by Perianne Boring, the president of the Chamber of Digital Commerce.
"This truly shows the technology has reached the highest levels of society and government," Ms. Boring said.
Simply put, a blockchain is a digital ledger of transactions that have been executed. New data continues to be added in a linear, chronological order through the completed blocks of data which are shared among the computers on the network.
Participants on the network use cryptography to edit the ledger online without the involvement of a central clearing authority. This ledger contains all the data of transactions from the start of the first block to the latest block.
As there is no necessity of a centralized authority to oversee the transactions, it creates a transparent, simple and fast transaction environment. As the data is available to all of the members, and any modification requires the permission of the majority of the members, it is better equipped to handle the onslaught of cybercrimes.
As no one can bypass the rules, the members can be assured that no single authority can deviate from the protocols. Due to direct transactions between two parties, transaction costs will be negligible.
The interbank transactions, which currently take days, can now be cleared in a matter of minutes, 24/7 and without the restrictions on working hours.
"Soon, the phrase 'cross-border payment' will make about as much sense as 'cross-border email'," said Mr. Adam Ludwin, co-founder and Chief Executive of the 'blockchain'-focused startup Chain, during his keynote address.
The technology which is used in 'bitcoins' is unsuitable to be used directly in the various types of transactions like commercial papers, corporate bonds, U.S. Treasuries, etc., as these are issued for various business or policy purposes but there is already a new digital currency working with many of the top banks already which I mention later in this article.
Hence, a new more advanced and complicated system needs to be generated on the same 'blockchain' principle which can duplicate the ease of the use of current assets in a newly digitized model.
It is unlikely that any government will be willing to part with their powers of which they control most of the monetary and fiscal decisions either directly or indirectly. Although the technology has enough security measures that are in place, the theft that occurred at Mt. Gox, which handled around 70% of all 'bitcoin' transactions, until 2013, reveals its' vulnerability.
The 'bitcoin' is a small asset class with only a small quantity of bitcoins in circulation as compared to the trillions of transactions that take place daily, around the world. The computing power needed to handle such vast transactions is humongous. Such a setup requires billions of dollars, in investments, which may not be feasible to many.
Nonetheless, there are a number of entrepreneurs like Todd McDonald, co-founder and Head of Strategy at R3CEV LLC, a consortium of more than 40 financial institutions that are working towards the application of distributed ledger technologies to global financial markets.
"We can monitor compliance in real-time. We can answer questions about collateral ownership and hypothecation that were at root in the run on the system in 2007," said Mr. Ludwin.
The days of cash are numbered and will soon be a mere memory! The revolution in 'blockchain' technology has reached the doors of the FED and it is now only a matter of time before the 'greenback' is phased out by the general public.
The reason I have started to cover bitcoin and digital currencies (Alt Coins) is because I believe they will become main stream much sooner than you think. In fact, there are already hundreds of new digital currencies available, though many are not and will not become key currencies.
I am watching, tracking and analysing many different digital currencies based on different metrics: how many online communities are focused on various alt coins, which ones have the most search engine searches, growth in market cap, have strong price charts, and which ones are focusing on working with large banks like the one call Ripple.
This new asset class is definitely disruptive, but I believe digital currencies add diversification not found anywhere else in the financial markets. They are a speculative play, safe haven during next financial crisis, and allows many people around the world to transfer money without being tracked and to possibly avoid taxes for those who want to side step government.
Either way, more people and companies are accepting digital currencies and the demand and value they offer will eventually be priced into each each currency.
I have learning and slowly identifying some exciting opportunities in this new asset class which I feel everyone should some exposure to in their portfolios. Soon I will unveil some of my top currencies and where to buy and store them – Stay Tuned!
PARADISE, THE NEW MUSLIM UTOPIA / THE NEW YORK TIMES OP EDITORIAL
| Etiquetas: Islam, Muslim Migration
Paradise, the New Muslim Utopia
By KAMEL DAOUD
Credit Edel Rodriguez
ORAN, Algeria — Future writing project: a topography of paradise in the medieval Muslim imagination. But not only medieval, for among Muslims today paradise is also at the center of political discourse, sermons and the contemporary imagination. Paradise as a goal for the individual or the group has gradually replaced the dreams of development, stability and wealth promised by postwar decolonization in the so-called Arab world. These days, one imagines happy tomorrows only after death, not before.
"Paradise decks itself in delights," an editorial writer mused in an Algerian Islamist newspaper during the most recent Ramadan, the month of fasting. The declaration was followed by descriptions of the charms, the delights, the joys that await the faithful after death. This fantasy of paradise, amply depicted as a place of pleasures, with sex and wine, golden adornments and silk apparel, is the opposite of earthly life — and of the frustrations experienced in Arab countries afflicted by economic failures, wars and bloody dictatorships.
Firdaus (a remote ancestor of the word "paradise," derived from the Persian) was promised by the Quran and has been abundantly described in religious literature for centuries. But in recent years, paradise has also become the country dreamed of by the poor, the unemployed, the believer — and the jihadist, thanks to certain religious elites who promote it as a means of recruitment.
This is a fascinating renewal of the concept of happiness that was dominant a half-century ago.
Back then, the countries of the Maghreb and the Middle East — born out of decolonization often violently wrested from occupying forces that had imposed on them war, poverty and misery — advocated for a vision of the future based on independence, egalitarianism, development, wealth creation, justice and coexistence.
That vision of utopia within human reach, which was taken up by the socialist or communist elites and even some monarchies, was a shared political dream, and it gave legitimacy to those new regimes in the eyes of both their own peoples and foreign governments. Decolonization was the era of grand slogans about the advancement of peoples and modernization through massive infrastructure projects.
But that dream has aged badly, because of the bloody-mindedness of those authoritarian regimes and the political failures of the left in the Arab world.
Today, one has to be a Muslim – by faith, culture or place of residence – in order to experience the full weight of the new post-mortem utopia of the Islamosphere circulating on the internet and the media. It conditions people's imaginations, political speech, coffee-shop daydreams and the desperation of the younger generations. Paradise has come back into fashion, described in mind-boggling detail by preachers, imams and Islamist fantasy literature.
Its main selling point: women, who are promised in vast numbers as a reward for the righteous.
The women of paradise, the houris, are beautiful, submissive, languorous virgins. The idea of them feeds a barely believable form of erotico-Islamism that drives jihadists and gets other men to fantasize about escaping the sexual misery of everyday life. Suicide bombers or misogynists, they share the same dream.
What about the women allowed into the eternal garden? If men can have dozens of virgins, what of the women, especially considering the machismo of those earthbound dream-makers?
The preachers' responses can be amusing: The woman's heavenly reward is to be her husband's happy wife throughout eternity, the two of them destined to enjoy perpetual conjugal felicity, at the symbolic age of 33 and in good health. And if the woman is divorced? A preacher replies that she will be remarried to a dead man who was also divorced.
Curiously, this dream of a Muslim paradise finds itself confronted with another dream at once antagonistic and similar: the West. Generating passion or hatred for the Muslim believer and the jihadist alike, the West and its indulgences represent another facet of the post-mortem Muslim paradise. One dreams of going there, whether as migrant or as martyr. One dreams of going to the West and of living and dying there, or of subjugating and destroying it.
The new Muslim utopia weighs heavily on today's Arab world. What motivates the masses, gives sense to their despair, lightens the weight of the world and compensates for sorrow no longer is the promise of a rich and happy country, as was the case after decolonization; it's a vision of paradise in the afterlife. But this fantasy of eternal bliss also causes uneasiness: For however much one wishes to ignore this, the fact remains that in order to get to heaven, one first has to die.
Kamel Daoud, a columnist for Quotidien d'Oran, is the author of the novel "The Meursault Investigation." This essay was translated by John Cullen from the French.
MARKETS BEWARE AS CENTRAL BANKS BEGIN TO ADMIT DEF...
THE REPUBLICAN BANKRUPCY ILLUSION / PROJECT SYNDIC...
COLD, HARD CASH WILL SOON BE A DISTANT MEMORY / TH...
PARADISE, THE NEW MUSLIM UTOPIA / THE NEW YORK TIM...


An investigation by ESPN into the food safety at stadiums and arenas across the United States included Citizens Bank Park (seen above), Lincoln Financial Field and the Wells Fargo Center. At Citizens Bank Park, inspectors found high-level violations at 43 out of 101 total service outlets monitored.
Grabbing food at a Phillies, Flyers, Sixers or Eagles game is a vital part of the stadium experience. You'd like to believe you don't have to worry about the preparation of your finger foods, but an extensive new report from ESPN paints a nauseating picture of what goes at venues around the United States.
Researchers for the network's "Outside The Lines" series collected nearly 17,000 food safety inspection reports from health departments that monitor all 111 professional teams in the four major American sports. The reports, all based on routine checks, came from 2016 and 2017.
About 28 percent of the venues under review incurred at least one high-level violation at half or more of their food service outlets, according to the report. The high-level designation means that the violation has the potential to spread food borne illness.
Violations were broken down into six categories: temperature, employee-related issues, bugs and pests, poor condition of food, equipment failures and problems, and "other" concerns.
Some of what was uncovered at Philadelphia's stadiums, which are served by locally-based Aramark, might make you second-guess future purchases.
• Food prepared on top of trash receptacle.
• Pink slime on an icemaker and hair in an ice bin, as well as mouse droppings on the floor of a cooler where pizzas were stored.
At Lincoln Financial Field, high-level violations were found at 32 out of 96 total outlets inspected.
• Dairy products in the owner's suite were stored at 53 degrees when they should have been kept at 41 degrees or lower to prevent spoiling.
• Mouse feces was found on the floor and at wall junctures of a dry storage area. Exterior openings did not prevent rodents or insects from entering the concession.
• Mouse feces was found behind a beer cooler and behind an ice machine in the food prep area of one concession.
• Raw animal food stored above ready-to-eat food in a cooler.
The "Outside The Lines" report found that the worst venue in North America was Charlotte's Spectrum Center, where 92 percent of outlets inspected had high-level violations. That was followed by the since-closed Palace of Auburn Hills in Detroit (86.11 percent) and the American Airlines Center in Dallas (83.08 percent).
The three best venues in North America were Oracle Arena in Oakland (1.12 percent), State Farm Arena in Atlanta (4.17 percent) and NRG Stadium in Houston (4.44 percent).
Attempts to reach Aramark, which serves 200 stadiums, arenas, convention centers and concerts around the country, were not immediately returned on Monday afternoon.
The sports venue concession industry is valued at $2 billion and generally must conform with some version of the U.S. Food & Drug Administration Food Code, or the equivalent in Canada. While high-level violations don't necessarily mean that concessions are unsafe or unsanitary, the risks are more pronounced because of the large number of people these venues serve in short periods of time.
ESPN's full interactive report can be found here.


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Education in Tripura, a state in Northeast India, is provided by both the public sector and the private sector. On 8 September 2013, the literacy rate of Tripura was declared to be 94.65%, which is the highest among all states of India.

Literacy
Data from 2011 census of India reveals that overall literacy rate in the State was 87.75 percent with male literacy rate of 92.18 percent and female literacy rate of 83.14 percent.

Structure

Tripura schools are run by the state government or by private organisations, including religious institutions. Instruction is mainly in English or Bengali, though Kokborok and other tribal languages are also used. The schools are affiliated with the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), the National Institute of Open School (NIOS) or the Tripura Board of Secondary Education. Under the 10+2+3 plan, after completing secondary school, students typically enroll for 2 years in a junior college, also known as pre-university, or in schools with a higher secondary facility affiliated with the Tripura Board of Secondary Education or any central board. Students choose from one of three streams, namely liberal arts, commerce or science. Upon completing the required coursework, students may enroll in general or professional degree programs.

Statistics
According to Economic Review of Tripura 2010–11, Tripura has a total of 4,455 schools. The different types of school in the four districts are listed in the table below.

The aggregate enrollment in different types of schools in the state are as follows:

Higher education
The State has one Central University (Tripura University), one State University  (Maharaja Bir Bikram University) and one Private University, ICFAI University ( a branch of the Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India). There are 15 general colleges, 3 engineering colleges(Tripura Institute of Technology, Techno India Agartala and National Institute of Technology, Agartala), 2 medical colleges (Agartala Government Medical College and Tripura Medical College), 5 polytechnic colleges, one law college, one music college, and one art college.

See also
 List of institutions of higher education in Tripura

References

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The Literature Review
Michelle Payne, Boise State UniversityFollow
Contribution to Books
Have you ever wondered why those academic articles you read for your research projects seem to begin with a list of the other people who've talked about the same ideas? Somewhere in the first few pages you find a section that seems to list everyone who's ever had anything to say about the subject of, say, Charlotte Bronte or quantum physics. This who's who list, though, is actually a common academic convention called the "literature review". In it a writer reviews or summarizes what has already been said about his research question and then offers an analysis of it. This move is very similar to what we do when we're relaying a conversation we had with friends: "You know how Margy and Joan have always disagreed about _________? Well, at lunch the other day we were talking about _________ and Margy said, '_________'. Then Joan said, '_________.' I couldn't believe it--they never agree on anything. But both of them believed Mark when he said, '_________,' and now we've decided to do something about it." We're usually careful to let our audience know who said what so no one is confused, especially if our audience doesn't know much about what our friends believe about a subject.
Payne, Michelle. (2007). "The Literature Review". The Curious Writer, B1-B7.

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BARKING AT THE MOON
The "First Man" American flag controversy is one giant leap for ignorance
Launch this whole kerfuffle into orbit.
Image: Universal Pictures
This all started with a Marco Rubio tweet.
Last week (Aug. 31), the Republican US senator from Florida responded to an article about how First Man, the Neil Armstrong biopic that debuted recently at the Venice Film Festival, does not include the exact moment that the renowned American astronaut planted his country's flag on the lunar surface. Rubio, who has not seen the film, was upset:
"This is total lunacy," he tweeted. "And a disservice at a time when our people need reminders of what we can achieve when we work together. The American people paid for that mission, on rockets built by Americans, with American technology & carrying American astronauts. It wasn't a UN mission."
Rubio's tweet ignited a firestorm of criticism of the film by capital-'p'-patriots who, like Rubio—and this is important—have not actually seen First Man. Apparently some are now calling for a boycott of the space drama, based on the notion that it does not feature a scene of the literal planting of the flag. Between this and people destroying their own clothes to protest Nike's Colin Kaepernick ad, this has been a banner week for performative flag-respecters.
The most confounding part of this half-baked, reactionary controversy, as New York Times film critic A.O. Scott pointed out, is that First Man is actually a deeply patriotic, American-centric film. Based on the book of the same name by James R. Hansen, the film tells the story of Armstrong's path from young, curious man to US navy aviator to NASA astronaut and, finally, to the first man to walk on the Moon. Those who have seen the movie say, flag-planting or no flag-planting, First Man celebrates American ingenuity.
What's worse: Though the film might not show Armstrong placing the flag on the Moon's surface, it's nonetheless filled with American iconography, including several images of the flag on the moon.
The controversy has gotten so out of hand that Armstrong's sons, Rick and Mark Armstrong, were forced to issue a statement defending First Man and how the film depicts their father's experience:
Although Neil didn't see himself that way, he was an American hero. He was also an engineer and a pilot, a father and a friend, a man who suffered privately through great tragedies with incredible grace. This is why, though there are numerous shots of the American flag on the moon, the filmmakers chose to focus on Neil looking back at the earth, his walk to Little West Crater, his unique, personal experience of completing this journey, a journey that has seen so many incredible highs and devastating lows.
Director Damien Chazelle also responded, explaining that the decision to not include the physical planting of the American flag was not a political statement, but rather a cinematic choice. "My goal with this movie was to share with audiences the unseen, unknown aspects of America's mission to the moon—particularly Neil Armstrong's personal saga and what he may have been thinking and feeling during those famous few hours," Chazelle said.
That this premature criticism, based on ignorance, was even allowed to bubble into an actual controversy is beyond unfortunate, but it follows in the path of similar reactions to awards-caliber films—especially ones that portray American history. Americans will always raise questions about films that deal in the country's past, whether it's the New York Times upset by its minimized role in uncovering the Pentagon Papers in The Post; the controversial part torture played in gleaning information from terrorists in Zero Dark Thirty; or Selma being too hard on former US president Lyndon B. Johnson.
Up to a point, such quibbles are a part of any robust civic discourse, as a society parses the events of distant (or even quite recent) history. But this one, to be sure, is the dumbest quibble to date.


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Jodie Foster Phone Number, Email ID, Address, Fanmail, Tiktok and More
Are you a follower of Jodie Foster? Are you searching on google for How to contact her? What is the WhatsApp number, contact number, or email id of Jodie Foster? What is the hometown and residence address of Jodie Foster? Who is the Contact Agent, Manager Jodie Foster? What is the Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram id of Jodie Foster? find out all these things in our article below.
Jodie Foster Wiki/Bio
Her stage name Jodie Foster is well known in the United States as Alicia Christian Foster. Since she was a child, she has won numerous BAFTAs, Academy Awards, and Golden Globes. As a result of her mother being a film producer, she began her career in Hollywood at the age of three. In the beginning, she appeared in advertisements, a few episodes of television shows, and a few movies. Foster's fluency in French and years of living in France didn't help her gain a foothold in the French film and music industries.
She appeared in a number of Disney films as a child and adolescent, but her move into the adult film industry was difficult because her first non-child roles didn't go well. All of that changed after her performances in 'The Accused' and 'The Silence of the Lambs' were recognized and lauded. He's not just a brilliantly intense actor; Foster is also an experimental director who's helmed films in a variety of genres. Women in Film has presented her with the Crystal Award for her outstanding contribution to the world of cinema as a woman.
Evelyn Ella Foster and Lucius Fisher Foster III gave birth to Jodie Foster in California. A lieutenant colonel in the US Air Force, her father later became a real estate salesman. Her father abandoned her mother before she was even born. Her mother, a film producer, raised Foster and her three siblings alone. She went to the Lycee Francais de Los Angeles, where she studied French, before enrolling at Yale University to study literature.
At the age of three, Foster began her career in the movies. Her first television appearance was in 1968 when she appeared in an episode of Mayberry R.F.D. as a "Coppertone girl" in a commercial. Gunsmoke, Daniel Boone, and The Courtship of Eddie's Father were just a few of the television shows she appeared in 1969. 'Menace on the Mountain', a television film directed by Martin Scorsese, was her first major role.
One Little Indian (1973) and Napoleon and Samantha (1972) were among the many Disney films Foster appeared in as a young artist. As a teenager, she continued to work on Disney films.
This is the first time I've ever heard her sing in French pop music at the age of 15. After making her musical debut in 1977, the songs she sang for 'Moir, fleur Bleue" were utilized as soundtracks for her French film.
Actors like: "Taxi Driver," "Bugsy Malone," and "Freaky Friday" starred in her in 1976. The British Academy Film Award and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award were both given to Foster for each of these films. As a mature artist, Foster's films were both commercially and critically unsuccessful. Her breakthrough came in 1988 with the release of 'The Accused.'
'The Silence of the Lambs', which she starred in with Anthony Hopkins in 1991, was her first blockbuster. As a result of her outstanding performance, she was honored with an Academy Award, as well as a Golden Globe and a BAFTA.
'Little Man Tate' was Foster's directorial debut in the same year. In 1992, after receiving critical recognition for her directing abilities, she established her own production company in Los Angeles called "Egg Pictures.
Actresses such as Woody Allen, 'Sommersby (1993), Maverick (1994), and Nell (1994) were among the many innovative projects she appeared in throughout the early 1990s. She was awarded a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance in 'Nell'.
Foster returned to directing in 1995 with 'Home for the Holiday,' another attempt. The following year, she received the Women in Film Crystal Award for her outstanding contributions to the field of cinema. In 1997, opposite Matthew McConaughey, Foster made his feature film acting debut in the science fiction picture "Contact. '17744 Jodiefoster', an asteroid, was named after her the following year.
'Panic Room', released in 2002, was Foster's most commercially successful film. Forest Whitaker, Jared Leto, and Kirsten Stewart were among the other stars of the American thriller. After a long absence from the French film industry, Foster made his return in 2004 with a supporting role in 'Un long Dimanche de fiancailles '. 'Flightplan' became an international smash in the following year.
After winning a Golden Globe for 'The Brave One' in 2007, Foster starred in 'Inside Man' alongside Clive Owen and Denzel Washington, as well as in 'The Island' with Gerard Butler. The Beaver, starring Mel Gibson, was directed by Foster in 2011. The film was a failure at the box office and got only a sliver of critical acclaim. In the same year, she appeared in 'Carnage,' earning a Golden Globe nod for her performance.
In 2013, Foster starred alongside Matt Damon in the second science fiction film of her career, 'Elysium.' In 1976, she starred in 'Taxi Driver,' 'Bugsy Malone,' and 'Freaky Friday,' all of which were nominated for an Academy Award for best picture.
Jodie Foster Phone Number
"The Silence of the Lambs" was a smashing blockbuster in 1991. Alongside Anthony Hopkins, she played the role of a young FBI agent. She was honored with an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, and a BAFTA for her work.
For her remarkable efforts and natural skill, she was awarded the Crystal Award by Women in Film in 1996, which served to raise the profile of women in the entertainment business.
Foster is a lesbian and has always been upfront about her sexuality. Cydney Bernard was her long-term companion, with whom she had two sons: Charles "Charlie" Foster and Christopher "Kit" Foster. As a friend of Mel Gibson and a person who saved Foster, he is mentioned as one of her heroes.
She's an agnostic, yet she's fascinated by all kinds of religious books. Stalker John Hinckley Jr. used to write this famous woman dozens of love letters and make phone calls.
Tomboyish and mature child actress, Jodie Foster began her career as Alicia Christian Foster (born November 19, 1962, in Los Angeles, California, U.S.). Although she had a good sense of humor, she is best recognized for her dramatic representations of misfit characters who find themselves in dangerous situations.
When Foster was just a few years old, she appeared in her first television commercials. The next year she featured in her own short-lived TV series based on the 1973 film of the same name, Paper Moon (1974), which was based on the 1973 film of the same name. Also, she appeared in other Disney pictures, beginning with Napoleon and Samantha (1972).
After appearing in Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974), director Martin Scorsese hired Foster in a minor role in Taxi Driver (1976), for which she received critical praise and an Academy Award nomination for best-supporting actress. In spite of the lackluster quality of her subsequent films as a child actress, she was continuously applauded for her performances. In 1985, Foster was awarded Yale University's highest honor, magna cum laude.
As a young actor, Foster was never seen as a kid star but instead was able to make a very smooth transition into adult parts. Sarah Tobias, the rape victim in 1988's The Accused, had an outstanding performance. Clarice Starling is an FBI agent in The Silence of the Lambs (1991). Both of her performances were nominated for best actress at the Oscars.
In the '90s, Foster began working in a variety of different genres. Little Man Tate (1991), in which she also featured, was her big-screen directorial debut; she later directed the ensemble film Home for the Holidays (1995). Nell (1994), for which she was nominated for an Oscar for best actress, was one of her many productions.
The film adaption of Carl Sagan's science-fiction novel Contact starring Foster in 1997. Carnage (2011), Inside Man (2006), and The Brave One (2007) were among the films in which she appeared after Panic Room in 2002; she also appeared in Elysium, a futuristic thriller (2013). As a nurse who runs a secret emergency room for criminals, she appeared in Hotel Artemis (2018) and The Mauritanian (2021), both based on the memoirs of Guantánamo Bay detainees.
Mel Gibson plays a despondent guy who is helped by a hand puppet in his 2011 directorial debut, The Beaver, in which Foster also stars. The Wall Street thriller Money Monster (2016), which stars George Clooney as a hostage-taker, was also directed by her. Actors like House of Cards, Tales from the Darkside, and Orange Are the New Black have all had episodes directed by Foster.
Awards are given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences) in Beverly Hills, California, United States, to reward excellence in the film business are called Oscars. The first Oscars were given out in 1929, and victors are honored with a gold-plated statuette that has come to be known simply as the Oscar.
Best picture, actor or actress, supporting actor or actress, adapted script, cinematography, production design, editing, original score or song, costume design, make-up and hairstyling, sound mixing and sound editing, visual effects, and foreign-language films are among the 24 categories in which winners are chosen.
Other categories include animated features and shorts, live-action and animated features, as well as documentaries in all of their forms. Additionally, the academy gives a number of scientific and technical accolades as well as honorary prizes, including the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, the Irving G. Sawyer Award (for technological advancements).
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced in August 2018 that it would begin awarding an annual prize for "exceptional accomplishment in popular film" at its 2019 ceremony. The academy, however, decided to postpone the introduction of the new category after receiving complaints and uncertainty from members of the community.
Facts About Jodie Foster:
Birthday/Birth Date: 19 November 1962
Birth Place: Los Angeles, California, United States
Height: 1.6 m
Salary of Jodie Foster: $100 Million
Net worth: $100 Million
Facebook Fans: NA
Twitter Followers: 153 Followers
Total Instagram Followers: 43.5k Followers
Total YouTube Followers: NA
Some Important Facts About Jodie Foster:
1. Jodie Foster was born on 19 November 1962 (age 58 years), Los Angeles, California, United States
3. Her birth sign is Scorpio.
4. Her height is 1.6 m.
5. Her net worth is $100 Million.
Jodie Foster Fan Mail address:
Jodie Foster, Viewpoint, Inc., 8820 Wilshire Blvd.,
CA 90211-2618, USA.
Jodie Foster Phone Number, Email Address, Contact Info, Texting Number, Fanmail, and More Details
Facebook NA
House address (residence address) Los Angeles, California, United States
Instagram https://www.instagram.com/jodiefosterworld/?hl=en
Twitter https://twitter.com/tt_jodiefoster?lang=en
Jodie Foster Phone Number:
Jodie Foster Address: Los Angeles, California, United States
Jodie Foster Phone Number: (310) 388-3333
Jodie Foster Whatsapp Number: NA
Jodie Foster Email ID/ Email Address: NA
Jodie Foster Social Profiles
Jodie Foster Facebook Fan Page: NA
Jodie Foster Twitter Handle: https://twitter.com/tt_jodiefoster?lang=en
Jodie Foster Instagram Profile: https://www.instagram.com/jodiefosterworld/?hl=en
Jodie Foster Snapchat Profile: NA
Jodie Foster YouTube Channel: NA
Also Checkout: Julia Roberts Phone Number, Email ID, Address, Fanmail, Tiktok, and More
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Whoo whoo likes Christmas? (Macro Monday) | Coffee fuels my photography!
What's not to love about this cute little owl nestled amongst the branches of our foyer Christmas tree, keeping his delicate glass self out of harms way?
At least one hopes this owl is out of harms way. With two cats that seem to digress to kitten mode whenever the temperatures begin dropping, it's hard to know for certain!
Hope the tree is sprayed with cat repellent to keep that beautiful owl safe.
Bizarrely the cats aren't interested in the slightest with this tree. The tree in our lounge room however is a COMPLETELY different story. Each has their chosen "spot" – Miss Poppy on top of the gifts whilst Sir Fergus takes up residence right at the base of the tree. Go figure!


text:
Amanda Tapping & Robin Dunne Tease Season 4 Of 'Sanctuary'
Late last week SciFiPulse were fortunate enough to take part on a phone conference with Sanctuary stars Amanda Tapping and Robin Dunne. During the course of this chat, Tapping...
by Ian Cullen September 27, 2011
Late last week SciFiPulse were fortunate enough to take part on a phone conference with Sanctuary stars Amanda Tapping and Robin Dunne.
During the course of this chat, Tapping and Dunne teased Internet bloggers and other members of the online media with a number of hints about the new series of Sanctuary and also touched on some of the character development that has taken place throughout the series.
The transcript I've written below is just a round-up of some of the highlights from the chat.
One of the highlights that we can look forward too in the new season of Sanctuary is a musical episode and when asked Amanda Tapping was more than happy reveal a few details about Sanctuary's musical episode.
Amanda Tapping: Oh, yes, the musical episode is our eighth episode. It's called Fugue. It was written by Damian Kindler…
Robin Dunne: Directed by Damian Kindler as well.
Amanda Tapping: …and he wrote the lyrics for the music with our composer, Andrew Lockington. And it's, it's interesting if, you're not going to see an episode of Glee. There's not big production numbers or dancing or anything like that. It's actually a very organic way of telling a story, and the songs, even though the songs are sung, it's sort of like you're hearing a scene.
Robin Dunne: Yes, I think the way that the music and the story are married together, like as Amanda says, it's very organic and it was an amazing episode to shoot. During a lot of the musical scenes, a lot of the crew were saying that it was like they were just watching a scene, and the singing was sort of secondary, which was kind of interesting.
Amanda Tapping: Yes, but what was cool about it, was the crew really got into the idea of doing a musical, so everyone on set was singing.
You know, "we're coming up behind you, we're carrying a ladder," it was really funny, and it was just a great atmosphere. But it sort of goes with the idea that certain people respond better to frequencies, certain musical frequencies or tonal qualities, than they do to actual voice. So we sort of took that idea and made it a Sanctuary episode.
Robin Dunne: It was also kind of interesting, too. It was a very emotional episode to shoot. Something about the music really brought the emotion out in a lot of people, and not just the actors but, we had like, burly grip guys standing in the back of the room kind of wiping tears away from their eyes, which was kind of interesting.
Amanda Tapping: And we had Pascale Hutton, who plays Abby on our show, figures very prominently in this episode, and we were really lucky to get Jim Byrnes, who plays my dad, who's an incredibly accomplished blues musician, sing a song for us in the show. So it was a, I don't know, I think it's so far outside the box, and yet not, in the way that we presented it.
When it comes to guest stars. This year sees the return of some old favorites as well as a brand new villain that will likely keep us all glued to the screen.
Amanda Tapping: Well Ian Tracey is back as Adam Worth, and Jonathon Young is back as Tesla. Peter Wingfield is back as James Watson.
Robin Dunne: We have a very, kind of cool new villain this year, played by Brian Markinson.
Amanda Tapping: Who's just a phenomenal actor, and we had him in one episode, and loved him so much that we kept bringing him back. Carlo Rota does a couple of episodes of the show.
Robin Dunne: (Adam Grayson Reed) and Caroline Cave are in the show this year.
Amanda Tapping: Oh, your dad, Al Sapienza.
Robin Dunne: Al Sapienza plays Will's dad, in a wonderful performance, you know him from the Sopranos.
Amanda Tapping: Robert Lawrenson is back a fair bit, as Declan, which is great. What you've seen over the past three seasons, as we build the Sanctuary family, we utilize them a lot. And I think that's what I love about the show is if you come on and we really dig you and we have, pretty much dug everyone who's come on the show, and we just keep bringing you back.
So, and (Polly Neegan) is back as Henry's love interest. So it's just a real sense of family here. Gil Bellows, actually came and did our last few episodes with us, and he's phenomenal.
Robin Dunne: The Sanctuary family is growing. Aww, so cute, it's like the Brady Bunch, but way, way bigger.
Amanda Tapping: Way more dysfunctional, but fun.
One of the big things about Sanctuary over the years has been the exploration of Dr. Helen Magnus's past, and apparently this season will lift the lid on more secrets from Magnus's past with the Sanctuary.
Amanda Tapping: Yes, yes you do actually, especially in our first episode. You get a sense of what makes this woman tick, and some of the choices that she's made and why. The whole season builds to a finale that is quite breathtaking, and it's not until the very last scene of the finale that you understand why Magnus has aligned herself with the people she's aligned herself with, why the Sanctuary went rogue from government support worldwide.
But you don't ever actually figure it out, and I think people will be very surprised when they see the final ending, and what's happened. But you do, throughout the course of it, there's things that Magnus does that you go, "what, why would you, huh?"
Robin Dunne: I think more than ever, any other season, I think you'll see the sort of brilliance of Magnus and the, I think she's masterminded (unintelligible) season is like, more brilliant than any other time. And again, yes, at times it will be very confusing to the audience as to why she's doing what she's doing, but it will all made sense in the end.
In the past few seasons some of the most interesting episodes of Sanctuary have usually been the ones, which centre on Helen Magnus and her relationship with Will, and we'll likely get to see another episode, which explores their relationship a little further.
Amanda Tapping: Yes, in fact, one in particular, called The (Depth), which is our typical Magnus and Will two-hander that we do every season, and of course it involves a lot of water. So I don't know what that is, I don't know why the writers feel like they need to do that to us every year, but…
Robin Dunne: Torture, they hate us.
Amanda Tapping: They hate us and torture us, so there is one that is actually, it's an incredibly intense episode, but so much comes up during the course of this episode, past lives, past transgressions, and it's…
Robin Dunne: It's a very brutally truthful episode between the two characters, and the result of it is that all of these things have happened over the course of the season, even previous seasons, and then the repercussions kind of go right into the end of, into the season finale.
Amanda Tapping: Yes, there's a massive ripple effect from that episode.
When it comes to having a wish list of guest stars that they'd like to see on the series both Tapping and Dunne don't pull punches and reveal a pretty impressive wish list for guests.
Robin Dunne: George Clooney.
Amanda Tapping: Helen Mirren, I would like Helen Mirren to play my mom, in flashback scenes, and…
Robin Dunne: I would like George Clooney to play Will in like in flash forward scenes.
Amanda Tapping: You just want to meet George Clooney.
Robin Dunne: No I don't.
Amanda Tapping: Robin has a crush on George Clooney.
Robin Dunne: No I don't, shut up.
When it comes to the journey that the character's will undergo this season. It has been described as both a roller coaster and dark journey.
Robin Dunne: I would say it's the darkest kind of journey we've been on. I mean, we've been in some dark places, but I think this season there is some real friction and real ugly truths that come out.
Amanda Tapping: Yes and it feels like every relationship this season is tested, and thankfully survived, but there's a difference at the end of it, in the way that the characters deal with each other. Magnus has a big episode with Tesla, and it changes the course of their relationship somewhat.
Will and Magnus are on this incredible, you know, she's still lying to him and they're at loggerheads a lot, but you can tell at the heart of it all, there's incredible love between the two characters, and incredible respect. But it, I think Robin put it right, this is a bit of a darker season.
It's not without its crazy humor, because it wouldn't be Sanctuary without it, but it's a much darker season, and I think the best way to say it is that the relationships are all tested.
When it comes to plot twists the new season will likely have quite a few, but sadly both actors couldn't reveal to much, but what was revealed was intriguing and has potential to throw the audience for a loop.
Amanda Tapping: Yes, what's the thing they would be most surprised at, probably the friction between Magnus and Will.
Robin Dunne: Yes, the audience is going to be shocked by some of the interactions between Magnus and Will this season. And also I think things like Fugue, are really, really going to be really momentous moments.
Amanda Tapping: Yes, I think even our first couple of episodes, like Tempus that, the fact that it takes place entirely in Victorian era England, in such a bizarre set of circumstances is, it's going to launch the season, I think, quite incredibly.
When asked about the season premier, which will hit in the USA on Friday 7 October. Both Amanda Tapping and Robin Dunne were very excited to talk about it.
Amanda Tapping: Well the season premiere, again, takes place in Victorian era England. It's almost a direct cut from how we ended Season 3. So we actually have, the first two episodes of the season are the conclusion to our season finale last year. And we had initially discussed doing them, sort of flashing back and forth between the two storylines, one in Victorian era England and one, what's happening in current day.
And we just realized that in order to service both stories properly, they needed to be separate. There needed to be not, you know, you would need to jog the audience back and forth. So Tempus is Magnus stuck in Victorian era England, trying to hide from her past self, trying to stop Ian Tracey's character Adam Worth from altering the timeline.
And the second episode, Uprising, is basically how Will and Henry and Kate and Bigfoot are trying to quell the rebellion that's happening from the insurgents from Hollow Earth. So that's how we launch. We launch the season in such a big way. We were kind of exhausted by the end of the first two, where we were like, oh God, how do we keep this up?
But we take you everywhere. We take you to a remote island off the coast of Africa in an episode called Monsoon. Robin directed an episode called Homecoming, in which we meet his dad, there's a series of flashbacks with his father, and it's a really poignant and beautiful episode. We take you to an icebreaker in the middle of the Bering Sea, a musical episode, we take you into a virtual Sanctuary, which is kind a, one of our cool episodes called Chimera.
And we take you into a cave system in the Andes with Will and Magnus. I mean, we're all over the place. We're literally all over the world. And we're dealing, the whole time, the through-line is dealing with the fallout of going rogue, and separating ourselves from the World Government. So it's an intense roller coaster ride, but again, not without its humor.
And then the ending, I wish I could say more about our season ender, our two-parter that Damian directed. But it's, I don't even want to give you a word, for fear that it will give too much away. It's incredible, and the way that it ends, I mean, we were shocked when we read the script.
Robin Dunne: It's going to be cool.
Amanda Tapping: Which means Season 5, fingers crossed, is going to be even cooler.
Sanctuary returns to Syfy Channel on Friday 7 October.
Follow Us On Twitter @SciFiPulse
Join Us On Facebook At: www.facebook.com/scifipulse
By Ian M. Cullen
Amanda TappingRobin DunneSanctuary
IndieNet And Beyond Clashes Swords With 'Brothers Barbarian'
by Marx Pyle - Sep 21, 2011
IndieNet And Beyond Goes On A 'JourneyQuest' With ZOE


text:
import React, {PropTypes} from 'react'
import Dialog from 'material-ui/Dialog'
import FlatButton from 'material-ui/FlatButton'
import {RadioButton, RadioButtonGroup} from 'material-ui/RadioButton'

const styles = {
  dialogContent: {
    maxWidth: 500,
  },
  radioIcon: {
    paddingTop: 6,
  },
  radioLabel: {
    lineHeight: 48 / 16,
  },
}

export default class SelectSettingEditor extends React.Component {

  static propTypes = {
    name: PropTypes.string.isRequired,
    translations: PropTypes.shape({
      translate: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
    }).isRequired,
    isOpen: PropTypes.bool.isRequired,
    value: PropTypes.string.isRequired,
    choices: PropTypes.arrayOf(PropTypes.shape({
      label: PropTypes.string.isRequired,
      value: PropTypes.string.isRequired,
    })).isRequired,
    changeSetting: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
    rollbackSetting: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
    submitSetting: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
  }

  onChange = event => {
    this.props.changeSetting(this.props.name, event.target.value)
  }

  onRollback = () => {
    this.props.rollbackSetting(this.props.name)
  }

  onSubmit = () => {
    this.props.submitSetting(this.props.name, this.props.value)
  }

  render() {
    const t = this.props.translations

    const actions = [
      <FlatButton
        label={t.translate('app.selectSettingEditor.cancel') }
        secondary={true}
        onTouchTap={this.onRollback}
        />,
      <FlatButton
        label={t.translate('app.selectSettingEditor.ok') }
        primary={true}
        keyboardFocused={true}
        onTouchTap={this.onSubmit}
        />,
    ]
    return (
      <Dialog
        contentStyle={styles.dialogContent}
        open={this.props.isOpen}
        modal={true}
        actions={actions}
        autoScrollBodyContent={true}>
        <RadioButtonGroup
          name="group"
          defaultSelected={this.props.value}
          onChange={this.onChange}>
          {
            this.props.choices.map((choice, index) => (
              <RadioButton key={index} label={choice.label} value={choice.value} iconStyle={styles.radioIcon} labelStyle={styles.radioLabel} />
            ))
          }
        </RadioButtonGroup>
      </Dialog>
    )
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Making new object from custom class- name using a variable value? I am making a LIST to organize and manipulate arrays that represent lines off a spreadsheet.  I've created a custom class for the arrays, and will call them out as objects.
My question is, can I use a value stored in a variable as the name of the object?  If so, what would the syntax look like?
dim FileName as String
FileName = 123456.csv

Public Class List_Array
    public variable1 as string
    public variable2 as string
    public variable3 as string
    public variable4 as string
    End Class

dim File_Name as List_Array = NEW List_Array

This is the coding as I understand it, but I keep thinking this will only create one Object over and over again with the same name as the string variable.
If not, how can I differentiate the different objects as I call them?  There will be thousands of objects to reference, so using an unnamed object will not work so well.

A: If you want to store a list of named objects, what you need is a Dictionary.  Dictionary objects store a list of key/value pairs.  In this case, the "key" is the name that you want to assign to the object, and the value is the reference to the object itself.  It's a generic class, which means when you use the Dictionary type, you must specify the types that you want it to use for it's keys and values.  For instance Dictionary(Of String, MyClass) will create a list that uses String objects for its keys and MyClass objects for its values.
Here's an example of how you could use a dictionary to store a list of people with their ages:
Dim d As New Dictionary(Of String, Integer)()
d("Bob") = 30
d("Mary") = 42

Then, when you want to read a value, you can do it like this:
Dim age As Integer = d("Bob")

The Dictionary will only allow one item per key.  It uses a hash table to index the values by their keys, so it's very fast get any item by its key.
Edit
Based on your comments below, here's a more pertinent example to show what I mean.  Let's say you have a CSV file containing a list of people.  So you create a class that stores all of the information about one person (one line of the CSV file), like this:
Public Class Person
    Public Property Id As String
    Public Property Name As String
    Public Property Title As String
End Class

Then, you create a method which parses a single line from the CSV file and returns all of the fields from that line as an array of strings, like this:
Public Function ParseCsvLine(line As String) As String()
    ' ...
End Function

Then, you could load all of the people into a list, like this:
Dim persons As New List(Of Person)()
For Each line As String In File.ReadAllLines("People.csv")
    Dim fields() As String = ParseCsvLine(line)
    Dim person As New Person()
    person.Id = fields(0)
    person.Name = fields(1)
    person.Title = fields(2)
    persons.Add(person)
Next

Now you have all of the Person objects loaded into one list.  The problem is, though, that the list is not indexed.  If, for instance, you needed to find the person with an ID of 100, you'd need to loop through all of the Person objects in the list until you found one with that value in it's Id property.  If you want to index them by ID so that you can find them more easily/quickly, you can use a Dictionary, like this:
Dim persons As New Dictionary(Of String, Person)()
For Each line As String In File.ReadAllLines("People.csv")
    Dim fields() As String = ParseCsvLine(line)
    Dim person As New Person()
    person.Id = fields(0)
    person.Name = fields(1)
    person.Title = fields(2)
    persons(person.Id) = person
Next

Then, when you need to get a person from the dictionary, you can easily access it by ID, like this:
Dim person100 As Person = persons("100")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Would You Give Yourself a Financial Literacy Passing Grade?
As Financial Literacy Month comes to a close there's always a debate: how much do Canadians really know about their money? Quite a bit, if we do say so ourselves – 97 per cent of respondents give themselves a passing grade when it comes to their level of financial literacy, according to a report from BMO. So, it appears we're on the right track, right?
However, that's up from only 56 per cent of those surveyed last year – so why the huge increase? Part of it can be chalked up to tough financial times; 2015 has been pretty rough for the Canadian economy, which prompted 64 per cent of Canadians to become more educated about their finances. That's a good start, but knowing what's going on with the markets might not be enough to give you a passing grade.
Financial literacy is so much more than just having some financial knowledge. It's important to develop good financial behaviours and attitudes while adapting to changes in technology.
There's no doubt that the growing access to information has helped educate Canadians, but there are many concepts that we could improve on. The study showed that only 53 per cent of Canadians have a budget in place; budgets help develop good money management skills so it's important to put one in place if you don't already have one.
A few other financial concepts you want to make sure you understand include: how interest rates affect your payments, the importance of having an emergency fund, and why you need to make your credit card payments on time and in full every month.
The BMO study also shows that one-quarter (24 per cent) of Canadians do not feel comfortable talking to their kids about money, while another 28% say they don't feel like they have the resources to educate their children when it comes to money.
According to Robin Taub, a financial literacy consultant and best-selling author, it's the teachable moments that present an opportunity to build money lessons into your daily life.
For more tips on how to teach your kids about money, check out the resources from the Federal Consumer Agency of Canada and the Ontario Securities Commission.
It doesn't matter if we give ourselves an F or an A when it comes to financial literacy, we should all strive for a better financial well being. Just because financial literacy month is ending, it doesn't mean we should stop learning more about our money.
Would you give your own financial literacy a passing grade? Tell us your thoughts in the comments, or visit us on Facebook and Twitter.
Tags: bank of montreal, emergency fund, Federal Consumer Agency of Canada, Financial Literacy Month 2015, FML2015, kids and money, Ontario Securities Commission. Bookmark the permalink.
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Dan Yaeger has been named director of the New England Museum Association, the Arlington, Massachusetts, nonprofit announced today. He began work there during the first week of April, filling the shoes of Kate Viens, who is moving on to a part-time job at the Massachusetts Historical Society doing writing, research and editing projects.
Yaeger has been director of the Charles River Museum of Industry & Innovation in Waltham, Massachusetts, which has shut down temporarily after suffering flooding during the recent storms. Some have been concerned that the water damage would close the museum for good. "We're going to be stronger than ever," Yaeger told the Globe on March 18. "We're planning on reopening more in a manner of a few months rather than way off in the distance."
Previously Yaeger was a marketing and communications consultant to the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Cleveland Museum of Art, Portland Museum of Art, Currier Museum of Art in Manchester, Old Sturbridge Village, John F. Kennedy Library in Boston, and Plimoth Plantation in Plymouth. He was formerly executive director of the Massachusetts Tourism Coalition, a statewide group providing advocacy for the travel and tourism industry, and served as director of administration for the Massachusetts Office of Travel & Tourism.
Oct. 7, 2009: New England Museum Association director stepping down.


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This macro takes two arguments: the name of an interrupt and the path to the function that will be used as the handler of that interrupt. That function must have signature fn().
Optionally, a third argument may be used to declare interrupt local data. The handler will have exclusive access to these local variables on each invocation. If the third argument is used then the signature of the handler function must be fn(&mut $NAME::Locals) where $NAME is the first argument passed to the macro.


Cornwall's gardens are crammed with a profusion of colourful plants and spring marks the awakening of a spate of flower festivals. This is one of the first held in the country.
This two-day event will return for April 2019 to a brand new venue - the Wadebridge Royal Cornwall Show Grounds. It's also known as one of the most friendly and inclusive shows and as such we attract exhibitors and visitors from all over the country.


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FOREIGN ICON
Disney's "Mulan" is not the feminist Mulan Chinese girls recognize
Liu Yifei.
Image: AP Photo/ Matt Sayles
Echo Huang
"I will bring honor to us all." That's the powerful pledge made by Mulan to her family after being told she must enter an arranged marriage, in a teaser trailer released this week for Disney's remake of its 1998 animated movie of the same title.
Mulan tells the story of the Chinese heroine's decision to disguise herself as a man so that she can take the place of her ailing father after he is called up to join the army. The 1998 animated film was hugely popular on its release in the US, grossing $304 million, and earning an Oscar nomination for best music. The live-action remake, starring 31-year-old Chinese-American actress Liu Yifei, is scheduled to be released in the US next March.
But the movie trailer reveals a storyline that diverges from the Ballad of Mulan, the famous, centuries-old poem on which the film is based, and the main way Chinese audiences have traditionally learnt about the character, and about the importance of female power.
The teaser trailer shows Mulan's parents excitedly telling saying they've found her a partner, and depicts a matchmaker dressing Mulan up, and extolling the qualities of a good wife—quiet, composed, graceful, and disciplined—juxtaposed with scenes of Mulan as a soldier. Its focus on Mulan's arranged marriage suggests it contributed to the character's decision to join the army. The animated film similarly depicted Mulan meeting with a matchmaker.
But the Ballad of Mulan does not mention arranged marriage at all. The famous poem was composed during the fourth century Wei Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties—when ancient China was undergoing a series of wars among different ethnicities. At the time, changing cultural norms (link in Chinese) encouraged more freedom and liberal rights for women, in contrast with traditional Confucian theories that encouraged the idea that men were more prestigious (link in Chinese).
In the ballad, Mulan serves alongside men for twelve years before her gender is discovered. "The male rabbit normally hops and runs, while the female sits and stares. But both flee fast when danger threatens," Mulan tells her fellow soldiers in the poem after her identity is revealed. "How can one tell whether they are male or female then?"
For generations, young Chinese students have been taught to recite the 400-word poem as a lesson in the importance of family, female power, and the belief that women are also capable of pursuing their own dreams. They learn that Mulan is not running away from her female identity, but instead embracing herself as equal to a man.
Chinese film adaptions of the ballad have included romantic subplots in the past. And the live-action movie is expected to follow the plotline of Mulan joining the army to replace her father. Still, people in China aren't taking the trailer's focus on arranged marriage well, with some saying it is misleading. "The trailer makes it look like a marriage journal," one viewer wrote (link in Chinese) on social media Weibo.
"In the Ballad, there's no word suggesting that she doesn't want to be female. She disguised [herself] out of sacrifice and for the country," read a post (link in Chinese) by Weibo user Bing She Bi Xia. "It's not about she quitting her female identity or fighting against patriarchy." Another wrote, "The Ballad story first is conveying China's piety, then nationalism, and the self-empowerment of [the] female…"
The 1998 film only arrived in China a year later, thanks to a ban on Disney products over a film about exiled Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama. It was a flop. Audiences criticized the character's looks (link in Chinese) and the film's detraction from folklore.
It's unclear if the live-action remake will come to China. Audiences there have become increasingly sensitive to, and critical of, Hollywood productions whitewashing Asian storylines, and using Asian characters to deliver Western values.
Regardless of the film's storyline, the Ballad of Mulan's message of what strong, independent women are capable of continues to resonate for people in China:


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Musical Chairs in CEE: Some Partners Moving and Some Firms Moving Out
David Stuckey Musical Chairs in CEE: Some Partners Moving and Some Firms Moving Out
A full recovery from the global financial crisis is still far away, privatization processes are by-and-large completed, powerful sanctions on Russia are seriously impacting that massive economy, and geopolitical tensions are high: The prospects for a boom in CEE are fairly grim at the moment, and as the number of big-ticket deals in the region shrinks, the competition for the few that remain is getting tougher than ever.
Recognizing that the music is slowing and the amount of comfortable space is shrinking, a number of international law firms have found themselves forced off the dance floor in various markets. Thus, this past winter, Gide Loyrette Nouel and White & Case closed offices in Bucharest, and this summer, Hogan Lovells and Norton Rose Fulbright pulled up stakes in the Czech Republic. Most recently, in early August Chadbourne & Parke announced that the crisis in Ukraine had forced it to wind down its affairs there towards a September pull-out. The situation in Ukraine and the resulting powerful sanctions against Russia may mean others in those countries may follow suit before too long as well.
Yet one man's loss is another man's gain, and while some firms shed lawyers and close offices, others are hiring and expanding.
Doubling Down: Dentons Grows Aggressively in CEE
Confident that its model and reach gives the firm the unique ability not simply to weather the storm, but to thrive, Dentons seems to be especially confident about its prospects in the region. And while some of its competitors withdraw, Dentons is growing at a remarkable pace.
In mid-April the firm's Bucharest office added a strong Competition team from Voicu & Filipescu, and in mid-July the firm announced that former legacy Salans Partner Perry Zizzi would be returning after 7 years at Clifford Chance to lead the Bucharest office's Banking & Finance Group. Bucharest Managing Partner Anda Todor was very pleased to welcome Zizzi back. "His return marks yet another step in Dentons Bucharest's growth strategy," she said. "Perry's previous experience with the firm and his strong reputation for legal excellence make him a great fit with our existing practice and a valuable addition to the team."
When asked what drew him back to his old firm, Zizzi refers both to the firm's culture and to its highly-regarded Real Estate Group. According to Zizzi, Dentons has, "a highly developed entrepreneurial spirit yet it encourages cohesive practice groups and cooperation among offices and regions." He adds that: "I would go so far as to say that Dentons real estate practice in Europe works so well that it has become a model that other firms have tried to emulate." In addition, Zizzi says, "Dentons' polycentric character means that we don't simply have a large headquarters that develops approaches to legal issues and creates templates in a top-down manner. Rather, each attorney – no matter in which office he or she is based – is given the opportunity to contribute in a meaningful way."
Zizzi, it turned out, was just the first high-profile lateral move Dentons announced this summer. On July 31, the firm announced that Richard Singer, White & Case's EMEA Director of Strategic Projects, had joined the firm in Prague as Chief Operating Officer, Europe. Singer assumes responsibility for Dentons business support teams in Europe, including finance, HR, IT, business development, and marketing. He also becomes a member of the Global Operating Committee.
Tomasz Dabrowski, Dentons' CEO of Europe, commented: "We are delighted to welcome Richard to the team. His background in operational and business development roles across Central and Eastern Europe as well as the broader EMEA region, are an excellent fit. His appointment will support further improvements to the operational efficiency and business performance of the firm both at a regional and global level."
Singer used similar terms in stating that: "Dentons has an ambitious growth strategy and I'm really excited to be able to help drive this forward from an operational and business performance perspective. I can clearly see the opportunities and am confident that with a great team across Europe in the finance, HR, IT, business development and marketing functions we will be able to deliver on it."
Less than a week later, on August 6th, Dentons announced that former Chadbourne International Partner Adam Mycyk had joined the firm in Kiev. According to Dentons Kiev Managing Partner Oleg Batyuk, "Adam's background, established cross-border practice and broad experience will be of tremendous benefit to our clients, and he is an excellent fit with the strengths of our Kyiv office and our global platform. He has an excellent reputation in our legal and business communities, and we are extremely pleased and excited to have him on board."
Mycyk has worked in Ukraine for over 20 years, with his two stints at Chadbourne & Parke sandwiched around 5 years – four of them as office Managing Partner – at CMS Cameron McKenna. He is enthusiastic about joining the growing firm: "I am very excited to be joining the team here at Dentons in Kyiv," he said. "Dentons is one of the leading international law firms in Ukraine, with a practice that encompasses a full range of legal services across a diverse range of industries. Dentons' strong global capabilities allow us to assist clients on an extensive array of cross-border issues and transactions. At this critical stage in Ukraine's development, my arrival reaffirms Dentons' long-standing commitment to the Ukrainian market."
It may not be quite accurate to suggest that in growing so quickly and aggressively at a time when others are pulling out Dentons is swimming against the tide. But there's a powerful optimism at the firm at the moment, and the challenges facing many international law firms in CEE these days don't seem to be troubling it much at all. And with these three major additions in CEE since mid-July (and more additions will reportedly be announced soon), it doesn't appear that Dentons will be following its erstwhile competitors out of town anytime soon.
Czech Mates: The Departures of Hogan Lovells and Norton Rose Fulbright from Prague Sees Former Partners Move to Local Firms
When Norton Rose Fulbright and Hogan Lovells announced plans to close their Prague offices, two strong Czech firms seized the opportunity to snatch up the senior lawyers suddenly on the market.
First, when Norton Rose Fulbright shut its doors in Prague on May 1 (its second closing, after its first attempt at a Bohemian office failed in 1996), Pavel Kvicala accepted the offer to move with his team to Havel Holasek & Partners. Kvicala specializes in mergers and acquisitions, private equity, commercial law, and banking and finance, primarily in the energy and IT sectors. He becomes the 25th partner at Havel & Holasek, far and away the largest law firm in the country.
Subsequently, and a month after Hogan Lovells closed its Prague office on July 1, former Managing Partner Miroslav Dubovsky announced that he would become the 7th partner at Weinhold Legal. Dubovsky specializes in Corporate/M&A and Private Equity, with particular experience in securities and finance transactions, including project finance and real estate finance deals. He is an arbitrator in the Arbitration Court attached to the Economic Chamber of the Czech Republic and Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic, and a member of the ICC's Commission on International Arbitration.
Weinhold Legal Managing Partner Daniel Weinhold refers to Dubovsky as a "significant player," and says that: "We are delighted to have Miroslav join our team. His excellent skills, experience and market reputation further enhance our credentials as one of the leading law firms in the Czech market."
For his part, Dubovsky says that he is "thrilled" to be joining Weinhold Legal, noting that the firm's practices compliment his own, and that it shares the "culture and values" of his previous employers (he spent several years at Linklaters before joining Hogan Lovells in 2001). In addition, he insists, "with my knowledge and experience from international firms, I believe that I can contribute to the future successful development of Weinhold Legal." He expects to continue working with Hogan Lovells on their deals in the region as well.
The Bittersweet Goodbye: Jaroslawa Johnson Reflects on Chadbourne's Kiev Closing
The rumors had been swirling for several months, and in early August Chadbourne & Parke, facing what it called a "problematic long-term outlook" for Ukraine, confirmed that it was winding down its operations in the country and would be closing in early autumn.
Jaroslawa Johnson, a Senior Counsel at Chadbourne and the firm's Managing Partner in Ukraine, admits to being somewhat disappointed at how her two decades in Kiev are coming to a close. "The only constant in life is change," she notes, "but it's unfortunate it has to end like this."
Chadbourne's decision comes against the backdrop of political upheaval and violence following the bloody Euromaidan revolution this past winter. Johnson, a well-established figure in the legal
market, explains that foreign investors are understandably hesitant about entering the country in the middle of its ongoing conflict with Russia and military actions within its own borders, and thus, while 2013 was a strong year for the office, continued operations simply became impractical. "We depend on foreign investors," Johnson says, "and there won't be any for a while." She's blunt about the current state of affairs. "Everything is scary," she sighs. "I don't expect to see investment for the next 3,4,5 or 6 months. Realistically even 2015 is shot."
Johnson first started working with clients in Ukraine in 1992 while a partner at Hinshaw Culbertson, though the American firm did not set up an office in the country. Instead, Johnson would, "fly in with clients as needed, work for a few weeks and return to Chicago." In 1993 she joined Altheimer & Gray to open that firm's office in Kiev. When Altheimer famously folded in June 2003, its Kiev office was acquired by Chadbourne.
Now that the office is winding down – no new client matters have been accepted for several months – and Johnson expects to have closed the doors for good by October 1st.
The firm's lawyers, of course, have already begun making other plans. Partner Olga Vorozhbyt – the head of the office's Dispute Resolution practice – moved over to CMS Cameron McKenna at
the end of June, and in early August Partner Adam Mycyk left the firm for the second time (he returned to Chadbourne in 2012 after 5 years away with CMS Cameron McKenna) to join Dentons. Johnson reports that International Partner Sergiy Onishchenko is also exploring various opportunities, including setting up his own practice.
Asked about her own plans, Johnson reports that she will return to the States, where she will continue her work on a Ukrainian fund board and other boards, and although she plans to reduce the time spent practicing law, she intends to focus her efforts on behalf of various organizations advising Ukrainian businesses seeking opportunities abroad.
In the meantime, now that her time in Kiev is coming to an end, Johnson finds herself walking through the city and remembering the many years she's spent in the Ukrainian capital. "I've always told my husband I want to go home," she laughs ruefully. "But now I'm having second thoughts."
The publication was reprinted with the permission of CEELM. For original publication, please follow http://ceelegalmatters.com/index.php/analysis/the-frame/341-musical-chairs-in-cee-some-partners-moving-and-some-firms-moving-out


Want to learn how to meditate? Or, have you tried at different times but just can't quite figure how to make it work for you?
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Specific, time-honored, and easy-to-follow instructions will be given in body, heart/emotions, and mind/mental states.
The 4-week class series is geared for beginners and for those who would like to revitalize their practice. The Series is set-up in a layering process with each succeeding week's instructions built upon the participant's practices of the methods presented in the previous week.
Think of this class as a 4-week "training camp." A container for you to learn the intentions and background behind solid meditation techniques from both Soto Zen and the Insight teachings.
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The fundamentals behindthe various methods presented each week. Video format.
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Q&A Sessions by practitioners just like yourself; offering an opportunity to have real-life questions answered. Video format.
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Other practical and detailed written instructions, articles, or Dharma talks which further explicate that week's focus.


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HomeGeneralEuropean Union starts drive to vaccinate children against COVID
European Union starts drive to vaccinate children against COVID
Madrid/Budapest, December 4 (Reuters): Six-year-old Johanna squeezed her eyes shut as she received her first coronavirus vaccine on Wednesday at the Bethesda children's hospital in the Hungarian capital Budapest.
She was among the first children aged 5-11 to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in the European Union as half a dozen countries launched campaigns amid soaring infections and fears about the rapid spread of the new Omicron variant.
"Johanna is perhaps a little nervous, but she also said she was ready for it," said her father, Zsolt Jorasz. "They aren't afraid, they're used to getting vaccines."
The campaign is a test of parents' willingness to inoculate their children as governments seek to avoid the mass hospitalisations of previous waves. read more
The first specially adapted paediatric vials and syringes for smaller doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine arrived in the region this week.
Around 27 million 5-11 year-olds are eligible for the vaccine in the EU, and most countries want to move fast.
In Spain, hundreds of parents queued to have their children vaccinated at the Infanta Sofia hospital in San Sebastián de los Reyes outside Madrid, which expects to administer over 1,000 shots per day.
Nuria Miró, a 41-year old architect, hoped that inoculating her two youngest children, Pau, 11 and Marti, 5, would give her family peace of mind over Christmas when they meet up with elderly relatives.
"We were really looking forward to them being able to get the vaccine. At a personal and societal level, it's imperative that we all get vaccinated," she said, adding that she considered the vaccine no riskier than any other drug.
While most children do not become seriously ill from the coronavirus, they can unwittingly infect others at higher risk. And children now account for the majority of cases in Spain, Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands.
Early studies indicate that existing two-dose vaccines may be less effective against the new variant, but will still prevent severe illness and could protect health systems from becoming overloaded. With Omicron cases doubling every two days in some countries, the race to immunise is on. read more
'FOR THE COMMON GOOD'
Hungary said 38,000 parents had registered their children for the shot so far, while in Poland over 100,000 children were signed up to a vaccination drive starting on Thursday.
In Rome, clowns and jugglers were enlisted to cheer and distract children being vaccinated in a campaign extending to the rest of Italy on Thursday.
"Everyone has their own opinion, but we wanted to do it for the common good, for the school, and to guarantee that lessons can go on, otherwise we'll never get out of this," said Matteo Megna, who had brought a child for vaccination.
Denmark began inoculating its children against COVID-19 before the EU-wide recommendation, and has reached almost one in four of those eligible after just over two weeks.
But some parents say not enough is known about the impact of the vaccine on children. In the United States, similar concerns have meant that only 18% of children have received a shot since they became eligible last month. read more
France, Finland and Germany, where scepticism is relatively common, were vaccinating only the most vulnerable children rather than seeking blanket coverage.
But at a paediatrician's office giving vaccinations in the German town of Maintal near Frankfurt, parent Sandra Harnisch said her family had been in quarantine nine times so far, for 10-14 days a time, because one or other of them had had contact with an infected person.
"For a second-grader, that's barely tolerable, because she's missed so much school," she said.
Spain, where vaccination has been embraced, is already planning to administer second doses to children after eight weeks in both schools and hospitals.
"Today is the first day, the response has been extraordinary – and we're convinced it'll continue like this," Health Minister Carolina Darias told reporters.
Previous articleOmicron a serious issue, India has taken it very seriously: Dr Mohan Gupte
Next articleIndia logs 7,974 fresh COVID-19 cases, 343 deaths


Scalp Micropigmentation (SMP), or trichopigmentation, is a simple skin procedure with minimal downtime or recovery. There are certain steps that have to be taken by a person receiving this treatment in order to ascertain that the procedure is a success as well as minimize any possible complications from the procedure.
Below are some simple instructions you need to follow before undergoing an SMP (Scalp Micropigmentation) procedure.
You should take a shower before your SMP procedure and wash your scalp with regular shampoo only and avoid using conditioner.


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Мать Кнежеполька () — фотография югославского фотографа русского происхождения Жоржа (Георгия) Скрыгина, сделанная им во время народно-освободительной войны в Югославии в период Второй мировой войны. На фотографии изображена сербская беженка Милица Тепич из Козары, которая с двумя детьми оставляет свой дом после сожжения деревень немецкими оккупантами и их союзниками. Фотография стала широко известна в Югославии, став символом страданий народа во время Второй мировой войны.

История

Предыстория
Жорж (Георгий Владимирович) Скрыгин родился в Одессе в 1910 году, откуда во время Гражданской войны в России в десятилетнем возрасте вместе с семьёй эмигрировал и оказался в Хорватии. В Загребе он стал профессионально заниматься танцами выступая в театре, а также фотографией став в этом деле признанным мастером. После начала Второй мировой войны и оккупации Югославии нацистской Германией, отделения пронацистской Хорватии и начала народно-освободительной войны, он перешёл к партизанам, где принимал активное участие в создании и деятельности Театра народного освобождения при Верховном штабе НОАЮ. В военный период сделал около 500 снимков, которые являются важными историческим документами борьбы югославских народов и народно-освободительной армии за освобождение. По мнению сербских исследователей, Скрыгин является признанным мастером военной портретной фотографии, на его работах широко представлены воины и гражданские лица. По оценке Дж. Боровняка: «Почти все его работы отличаются высоким художественным и эстетическим качеством». Для его фотографий характерно подчёркивание психологизма события запечатлённого в кадре, ему удавалось соединить в них «обнажённый реализм содержания и пикториализм формы».

Многие из его военных фотографий заняли достойное место в его книге «Война и сцена» (1968). Так, в него вошли его самые известные фотографии — «Козарчанка» и «Мать Кнежеполька» («Милица Тепич»).

Создание
В 1942 году состоялось сражение при Козаре, в котором югославские партизаны воевали против немецких захватчиков. В ходе боя от рук немцев и их союзников погибли более 30 тысяч мирных граждан. В декабре 1943 — январе 1944 годов 11-я Краинская бригада НОА осуществляла атаки на немецких оккупантов. Зимой 1943—1944 годов гастролирующая труппа Театра народного освобождения встретила колонну партизан из 11-й Краинской бригады неподалёку от Козары, в составе артистов находился Скрыгин, который кроме выступлений делал также фотографии происходящего.

Фотография «Мать Кнежеполька» была сделана в январе 1944 года после массового исхода сербского населения со своих родных мест. Скрыгин в своих  воспоминаниях приводит описание истории создания фотографии:

На данной фотографии представлена сербка Милица Тепич () c дочерью Драгицей и сыном Бранко. В одном из интервью Бранко рассказывал, что его мать бежала из Козарска-Дубицы в Гаресницу в Мославине из-за преследований усташей в 1942 году, когда его отец Бранко был бойцом Козарского отряда. Дом, в котором они жили с семьёй, был сожжён, а отец погиб. Они с матерью бежали в Козару в поисках убежища и пищи. В окрестностях деревни Кнежица, Скригин встретил их и сделал несколько фотографий. После войны они вернулись в родные места, где через три года умерла Милица, а детей забрал к себе их дядя. Жертвам усташского террора в отношении сербского гражданского населения на горе Козара и в Подкозарье также посвящена поэма «Стоянка, мать из Кнежеполья» боснийского поэта Скендера Куленовича, написанная в 1942 году.

Значение
Фотография стала широко известна в Югославии, где она стала символом страданий балканских народов во время Второй мировой войны. По словам Боровняка, она является одной из «самых трогательных фотографий», на которой запечатлены муки сербского народа во время  войны. Военный фотоархив Скрыгина и работы другого русского эмигранта Михаила Иванникова, расцениваются как уникальное свидетельство тягот военных лет: «Созданные в годы Второй мировой войны и нередко используемые как исторический источник, они — впечатляющее свидетельство ужасов войны и повседневной гражданской жизни в эти годы». «Мать Кнежеполька» находится в музее истории Югославии, выставляется в Музее Холокоста в Освенциме.

Примечания

Ссылки

 Интервью Бранко Тепича об истории фотографии

Фотографии Второй мировой войны
Женщины в Народно-освободительной войне Югославии
Беженцы


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Мараньо́н () — город и муниципалитет в Испании, входит в провинцию Наварра. Муниципалитет находится в составе района (комарки) Эстелья-Орьенталь. Занимает площадь 6,9 км². Население — 58 человек (на 2010 год). Расстояние до административного центра провинции — 84 км.

Население

Примечания

Ссылки
 Instituto de Estadística de Navarra
 Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales de Navarra

Муниципалитеты Наварры


Recognizing the vast knowledge and talent of our community, the City asks individuals to serve on a variety of commissions and committees. These commissions and committees are charged with focusing on key issues within Sonoma and to then provide feedback, recommendations, and support to the Council on those issues.
Commissions and Committees are advertised with a January appointment process for a February 1st start date.