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Southside's Black Town Hall gives Brooks, LaFave platform for wide range of Ithaca topics ahead of election
by Matt Butler June 13, 2021 June 13, 2021
ITHACA, N.Y.—Tompkins County Legislature candidates Travis Brooks and Nicole LaFave squared off in a forum last week as their campaign for the District 1 seat, representing the City of Ithaca, comes to a gradual end.
The event was hosted and moderated by Dr. Nia Nunn, the president of Southside Community Center's Board of Directors, plus Southside's new Executive Director Chavon Bunch, Regional Director for Alliance of Families for Justice Phoebe Brown (who's also running for Common Council) and Black Hands Universal Director Harry O. Smith. Nunn presented the event as an opportunity for voters and the wider community to get to know LaFave and Brooks better.
This article is a summary of most of the points discussed in the forum, but the full event can be viewed here. LaFave and Brooks are running to replace the outgoing Tompkins County Legislature District 1 representative, Leslyn McBean-Clairborne. Early voting is now open until June 20, and the primary election will be held on June 22.
Throughout the event, it was clear that LaFave, who's worked at Cornell University and was just re-elected to the Ithaca City School District Board of Education, and Brooks, a longtime staff member at Greater Ithaca Activities Center and now the deputy director, have a good deal of respect for one another despite their current opposition. Brooks even articulated at one point his wish that they lived in different districts so they didn't have to compete against one another to represent District 1.
Despite that, they are still slated to compete, with questions alternatively sent their way throughout the forum by Bunch, Smith, Nunn and Brown. They began by naming Black national leaders who inspire them: LaFave chose Congresswoman Maxine Waters and voting rights advocate Stacy Abrams; Brooks chose Vice President Kamala Harris, the Obama family, and the late Congressman John Lewis. Subsequently, Brooks said that the color orange would best exemplify his energy when entering a room, while LaFave answered yellow.
After the normal Southside brand of ice-breaker questions, the panel pivoted to questions that dealt more directly with the job of county legislature, starting with Brown asking what motivated the two to get into the race.
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"Leslyn's legacy and the work that she has done in that position, and thinking about the legacy and how to continue that work, thinking about how many people live downtown in the district that I love and care about," LaFave answered, mentioning her other personal connections to the education and housing systems in the district. "I believe in this community because it's the community of my children."
LaFave further said that the primary topic driving her interest in county government is housing, especially in downtown Ithaca. Brooks said, in part, he was pushed to run for office by a desire, like LaFave, to see McBean-Clairborne's legacy carried on by another person of color.
"I decided to run because over the years I've been involved in some of the bigger picture processes in this community," Brooks said. "Municipal drug policy was one, and one of the things that came out of that that I'm very proud of was the LEAD program and who it would help."
Among other issues, particularly child care, Brooks also pointed out that any housing solution needs to be one that addresses the downtown concerns in Ithaca but also those of people in the more rural stretches of Tompkins County, since both are facing the same general issue but with different nuances.
Nunn then asked a question that was posed by Pastor Sonya Hicks, dealing with employment: what would the candidates' plan be to foster professional growth for young adults and keep them in Ithaca for the future?
Redefining and framing the conventional sense of "success" should be one focus, LaFave said, arguing that students who finish high school shouldn't necessarily be pushed on to college or beyond if their interest lies elsewhere, like working in a trade or for a non-profit organization. She floated the idea of Workforce New York providing tours for young people to show them different career options, but noting that job development going forward should be done with an eye towards being sustainable, perhaps working in conjunction with the local Green New Deal initiative.
Brooks, on the other hand, seemed to place less of an overall emphasis on keeping workers local if their career takes them outside of the area. He agreed with LaFave's assessment that raising awareness of trades jobs would be a beneficial step, adding that he has worked with Smith's Black Hands Universal group to connect young people to union careers.
"We have so many opportunities in this community for our young people, but those opportunities are not realized," he said. "We don't do enough work, collectively, to show these young kids where they could go, what they could be, and we have to really start building their passions earlier on in their high school, middle school careers."
Nunn then asked another question about public safety, trying to get the candidates to commit to a plan of how to ensure that outcomes change for people of color under the recommendations of the Reimagining Public Safety plan. Brooks was adamant that the plan does not go far enough to reform policing, but that he had come to terms with it as a "starting point," advancing his belief that the only way to affect change is to have a seat at the table, which has led him to try to build relationships with the Ithaca Police Benevolent Association to convert more police to advocate for change.
LaFave, meanwhile, said she viewed the recommendations through the lens of whether or not she felt it would keep her two Black sons safe from law enforcement—it did not appear so, as she echoed some of Brooks' critiques of the plan and went further. LaFave would have more prominently included, at the start of the recommendation process, insight from peopleof color about what safety from police would mean to them and then formulate the recommendations with achieving that safety in mind—specifically pointing out that diversity and inclusion measures at Ithaca Police Department may not be very impactful in current policing culture.
"I think there's some recommendations in that proposal that is a starting point, but I'm also frustrated and tired of waiting," LaFave said. "Starting somewhere isn't going to get us to the promised land. It's not going to get my children to a place where they can live with no fear."
Gentrification is a vital, constant topic in Ithaca, and was broached during the event. LaFave pointed out that affordable housing in Ithaca, including some of that which is being proposed or constructed now, is being built in undesirable and underserved locations. She said as a county legislator representing the City of Ithaca, she would try to strengthen the relationship between the county and the city to better facilitate affordable housing development, aided by tax abatements, within the city limits.
Brooks specifically pointed out his desire to retain and attract families to come downtown as part of a housing strategy. He pushed the possibility of giving property tax breaks to homeowners as opposed to large developers. To earn those tax breaks, through a plan to bring 100-150 families back downtown into the community (valuing communities over apartment developments) in the next three years by convincing Ithaca homeowners to build expansions or second structures on their properties (as plenty have already) and renting to people who are receiving assistance through Department of Social Services or Section 8 housing vouchers. Brooks also mentioned low- or no-interest loans to help assist with expansion construction costs.
LaFave pushed Brooks on the plan, resulting in the most contentious exchange in a relatively congenial forum. She questioned how Brooks' housing strategy wouldn't just fuel housing inequality by giving white homeowners more money without accountability; Brooks said because of the rental demographic requirements, there wouldn't be ways to manipulate the system.
The event finished off more light-heartedly, with Brown asking who are the Black elders locally that have guided Brooks and LaFave through their lives and careers, and Bunch asking both candidates to give her toddler son advice if he was ever to run for office. LaFave said to "stay yourself," and Brooks said to get involved in other people's campaigns first, to get a taste for the grind and the dedication needed.
Tagged: nicole lafave, southside community center, travis brooks
Matt Butler
Matt Butler is the Managing Editor at the Ithaca Voice. He can be reached by email at mbutler@ithacavoice.com More by Matt Butler
Ithaca Catholic Workers celebrate 20th anniversary of Saturday peace vigils


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Daniel Chillingworth
Born 13 September 1981 (Age 23 at debut)
(Diamonds player #211)
Total appearances 28 – 3 goals
(23 League, 3 FA Cup, 1 FA Trophy, 1 Hillier Senior Cup)
6 August 2005 (Home Darlington)
Final game:
30 December 2006 (Away Gravesend & Northfleet)
A former England schoolboy international, Daniel began his career with Cambridge United's youth system. He made his first team debut for the U's in January 2000, and went on to make 106 appearances, scoring 14 goals. During his time with the club, he went on loan spells with Cambridge City (March 2001), Darlington (November 2001) and Leyton Orient (December 2004).
He was released in May 2005 following United's relegation into the Conference, and was brought to Nene Park by Barry Hunter on 20 June 2005 on a two year contract. He made his Diamonds debut in the 1-1 draw against Darlington in the first game of the 2005 / 2006 season but after a further five appearances, he fell out of favour. He joined Notts County on loan in February 2006, and was expected to join the Magpies after Diamonds relegation from the Football League, but with the arrival of new manager Paul Hart, he was given another opportunity to impress. After scoring twice in the first four games, things were looking up for the striker but he received a couple of injuries and the goals dried up. Despite this, Daniel made 12 further appearances as well as coming off the bench on a further eight occasions. His last appearance for the Diamonds came in the 1-0 defeat at Gravesend & Northfleet on 30 December 2006.
He was released by mutual consent on 31 January 2007, and rejoined Cambridge United, but a series if injuries including a career threatening ankle injury meant his appearances were limited. He was released in the summer of 2008, and joined St.Albans City but the injury problems continued and he had little time on the field. After over a season out and following a long period of rehabilition, he joined UCL side St.Neots Town on 16 July 2010. Dan spent a year out of football during 2011 in order to conventrate on a business venture, and his young family, but joined Eastern Counties Premier side Godmanchester Rovers on 11 July 2012. He continued on a part-time basis before retiring from the game to concentrate on his business.
2005/2006 – squad number 12
CCL2
Darlington (H)
Mansfield Town (A)
Chester City (H)
Grimsby Town (A)
as sub
Oxford Utd (A)
Macclesfield Tn (A)
Crawley Town (A)
Grays Athletic (H)
Forest Green (H)
1 goal
Southport (A)
York City (H)
Kidderminster (A)
Altrincham (H)
Woking (A)
Stevenage Boro(H)
Halifax Town (H)
Northwich Vic (A)
Weymouth (A)
FAC4q
HSCQF
Ford Sports (A)
Dagenham&Red(H)
FAC1
Yeovil Town (H)
St.Albans (A)
Tamworth (H)
Oxford Utd (H)
Scarborough (H)
Cambridge Utd(A)
Gravesend&Nflt(A)
Filed under RDFC Players
Greg Pearson
Born 3 April 1985 (Age 20 at debut)
(29 League, 3 FA Cup, 1 FA Trophy, 1 League Cup, 1 League Trophy, 2 Hillier Senior Cup, 1 Maunsell Cup)
16 December 2006 (Home Scarborough)
Greg was a very promising young striker with the West Ham United youth team and signed a one year contract with the club in July 2004. He failed to break into the first team, going out on a one month loan to Lincoln City in August 2004, before going on loan to Canvey Island in December for the remainder of the season. He was released and joined Rushden & Diamonds on 21 June 2005. He made his debut on 6 August 2005 against Darlington, but one goal in ten starts saw him lose his place. He made 20 starts and a further 8 substitute appearances that season, while the following year saw him make just 5 starts before going out on loan to Hucknall Town on 20 February until the end of the season.
He was subsequently released, and joined Bishop Stortford where his goalscoring became prolific for the Conference South side during the 2007/08 season. On 8 August 2008, he joined Burton Albion where he remains their top scorer. In three and a half seasons with the Brewers, he helped them attain Football League status and scored 37 times in 118 appearances. He also became a qualified physiotherapist in the summer of 2011 and on 24 November 2011, Greg went on loan to Aldershot Town until 7 January. On his return after six appearances, he went on a further loan of one month to League Two side Crewe Alexandra on 13 January 2012, scoring the winner on his debut at Oxford Utd the following day. On returning to the Brewers, Greg left the club at the end of the season following 37 goals in 138 appearances and on 7 July 2012, joined Conference side Grimsby Town on a one year deal. On 8 February 2013, Greg went out on a loan deal to fellow Conference side Kidderminster Harriers for the remainder of the season. On return to the Mariners, Greg was released during early May. On 4 July 2013, Greg signed for Conference side Nuneaton Town, but after having difficulty maintaining a place in the starting eleven, went on loan to Conference North side Hednesford Town on 27 November 2013 until January 2014, when he returned to Nuneaton, although he was released at the end of that season. Spells at Brackley Town (2014-15), Halesowen (2015) before he joined Hinckley AFC in late 2015 for the remainder of the 2015-16 season. before retiring from the game. His Wikipedia entry is here.
2005/2006 – squad number 8
Coventry City (H)
Lincoln City (H)
Peterborough U (H)
Stockport Co (H)
Notts County (A)
Northampton Tn(H)
Rochdale (A)
Bury (H)
Wycombe Wdrs(A)
LDV1
Southend Utd (H)
Shrewsbury Tn (H)
Barnet (A)
Halifax Town (A)
FAC1r
Leyton Orient (H)
Chester City (A)
Cheltenham Tn (H)
Torquay Utd (A)
Bristol Rvrs (H)
Peterborough U (A)
Wycombe Wdrs(H)
Stafford Rgrs (A)
Burton Albion (H)
Morecambe (A)
HSC1
Cogenhoe Utd (H)
Dave Savage
Born 30 July 1973 (Age 32 at debut)
(67 League, 6 FA Cup, 3 FA Trophy, 1 League Cup, 1 Hillier Senior Cup)
28 April 2007 (Away Burton Albion)
The former Republic of Ireland international started his career at League of Ireland First Division side Kilkenny City scoring on his debut in October 1990 and it was during his time there that he was scouted by Brighton & Hove Albion, who signed him in March 1991. At the end of the following season however, Dave was signed by Irish side Longford Town and following two years at the club, he returned to England, being snapped up by Millwall for £15,000. During his time with the Lions, he made 152 appearances, scoring 10 times. On 7 October 1998, he joined Northampton Town for £80,000 and in three seasons with the Cobblers, again notched up 18 goals in 124 games. The attacking midfielder signed for Oxford United in August 2001, and spent two seasons at the Kassam Stadium, before spending the following two season with Bristol Rovers. Dave joined Diamonds on 19 May 2005 on a free transfer, and he was named Club Captain by manager Barry Hunter. He lost this role the following season after the arrival of Chris Hope, but he led out the team for his final game against Burton Albion in April 2007.
He was released on 1 May 2007, and joined Brackley Town as their captain. In July 2009, he joined Southern League Premier side Oxford City, but decided to announce his retirement from the game in May 2011, after some 463 professional appearances.
Boston Utd (H)
Darlington (A)
Carlisle Utd (H)
Mansfiled Town (H)
Leyton Orient (A)
Wrexham (H)
Stockport Co (A)
Wrexham (A)
Carlisle Utd (A)
Lincoln City (A)
Bristol Rvrs (A)
Rochdale (H)
Shrewsbury Tn (A)
Tamworth (A)
Gravesend&Nflt(H)
Aldershot Tn (H)
Cambridge Utd (A)
Altrincham (A)
Witton Albion (A)
Cambridge Utd (H)
HSCF
Woodford Utd (A)
Grays Athletic (A)
Weymouth (H)
York City (A)
Kidderminster (H)
Stevenage Boro(A)
Woking (H)
Northwich Vic (H)
Burton Albion (A)
Born 25 August 1985 (Age 19 at debut)
Position: Goalkeeper
Total appearances 24
(20 League, 3 FA Cup, 1 League Cup)
2 January 2006 (Home Bristol Rovers)
Born in Brisbane, Australia, Jamie came to the UK in the summer of 2002 after winning a scholarship with Reading. Thanks to his parents nationality, he had represented England at Under-20 level and the highly rated keeper was brought to Nene Park by Barry Hunter on 1 July 2005 for a season long loan. During his stay, he was only able to keep three clean sheets, although that was mainly down to a poor defence, and he conceded five in the Boxing Day 2005 defeat at Leyton Orient. After just 24 apprearances for Diamonds however, the loan was reviewed and he returned to Reading on 10 January 2006.
At the end of the 2005 / 2006 season, he was released by Reading and joined Wycombe Wanderers on a one year deal, which was later extended for a further three years. A knee injury kept him sidelined for most of the 2007 / 2008 season and first team action has been limited since his injury. On 11 March 2010, he was released and signed for League Two side Aldershot Town until the end of the season. In three years with the Shots, Jamie made 123 appearances, before being released to join Conference South club Basingstoke Town on 20 September 2013 as cover for their unavailable regular keeper. He moved on to join fellow Conference South side Whitehawk on 4 October 2013, but after a single appearance there he moved to Hayes & Yeading United. In 2014 he returned to Australia to join Brisbane Roar, and had a successful seven season spell with them before moving to Western United in 2021. His Wikipedia page is here.
Mansfield Town (H)
Bristol Rovers (H)
Total appearances 7
(7 League)
5 March 2005 (Away Scunthorpe United)
23 April 2005 (Away Darlington)
Mark started off as a trainee with Crewe Alexandra before joining Newtown FC in August 1989. In March 1992, he joined Shrewsbury Town enjoying over three years with the club before an offer of £47,000 took him to Chesterfield in August 1995. It was while he was at Chesterfield that he won his first cap for Northern Ireland, making his debut against Germany on 27 March 1999. He went on to make 36 appearances for his country, including taking the captaincy.
He was signed by Watford on July 1999, before Wimbledon snapped him up the following season. During his spell at Wimbledon, he went out on loan to Stoke City before deciding to quit English football in May 2003. His spell with Colombus Crew in the US Major League however was cut short after being summoned back for International duty and he decided to re-join Wimbledon in January 2004 (becoming MK Dons in June that year). He was loaned to Rushden & Diamonds on 2 March 2005 due to a long term injury to Graham Allen. The one month loan spell was later extended to the end of the season.
At the end of the season, he was released by MK Dons and decided to retire from football and currently resides in Marbella, Spain. He owns a company that provides golfing holidays on the Costa del Sol (www.vipgolfingbreaks.com).
Scunthorpe Utd (A)
Northampton Tn (H)
Kidderminster H (A)
Bristol Rovers (A)
Scott Shearer
Born 15 February 1981 (Age 24 at debut)
(13 League)
First spell
Debut: 19 February 2005 (Away Notts County)
Final game: 26 February 2005 (Home Mansfield Town)
Second spell
Debut: 12 March 2005 (Home Northampton Town)
Final game: 7 May 2005 (Away Macclesfield Town)
Scott was born in Glasgow and started his career north of the border. He played in goal for Albion Rovers making his debut in April 2001 and managed to score a last minute equaliser against Queens Park in February 2003. He played over 50 games, before signing for Championship side Coventry City in July 2003 for a nominal fee and became their first choice keeper. He represented Scotland in a B International while with Coventry. He lost his place to Luke Steele in September 2004, when the Manchester United keeper was brought in for a season long loan, and arrived at Nene Park on 18 February 2005 for a one month loan. After just ten days however, he was recalled to back to Coventry due to injuries but played just one more time for them. He returned to Diamonds on 11 March 2005 for the remainder of the season.
He was released by Coventry at the end of the season, and joined Bristol Rovers in July 2005. After being first choice keeper for a year, he lost his place and went on a three month loan deal with Shrewsbury Town in October 2006. The loan was extended to the end of the season, and he should have played in the League Two play off final, but the match was against his parent club, so he was barred from playing despite being released a few days later. He joined Wycombe Wanderers on 29 May 2007, but a knee injury kept him sidelined for most of the season. Having recovered for the start of the 2008/09 season, he suffered a recurrence of an ankle problem in February 2009. Scott was released in May 2010, and joined Conference side Wrexham on 26 July 2010. After nine appearances however, he found himself on the bench and elected to move to Crawley Town on 1 January 2011 on an eighteen month deal. On 25 May 2012, it was announced he would be joining League Two side Rotherham United on expiry of his contract with Crawley, to team up with his former manager Steve Evans. He underwent an operation in October 2012, which kept him out of the side until the following March, when he returned to the starting line-up. Following a further season with the Millers, and a total of 31 appearances, he was released on 28 May 2014, joining League One side Crewe Alexandra on 3 July 2014. He moved to Mansfield Town for the 2015-16 and 2016-17 seasons, prior to joining Oxford United ahead of the 2017-18 season, when his appearances were limited to cup games, although he did make his league debut in August 2018. He is now a Goalkeeper Coach at Oxford United. His Wikipedia page is here.
Mansfield Tn (H)
Cambridge U (H)
Macclesfield Tn(A)
Neil McCafferty
(39 League, 3 FA Cup, 1 League Cup, 2 League Trophy)
29 January 2005 (Away Rochdale)
14 January 2006 (Home Wrexham)
Born in Derry, Northern Ireland, Neil began his career as a trainee with Charlton Athletic, but despite earning a contract at the end of his tenure in the youth team, failed to break into the first team. He went out on a months loan to Cambridge United in December 2003, extended by a further month returning to Charlton.
Neil arrived at Nene Park on 27 January 2005 on a one month loan deal, but this was extended to three months. At the end of the season, he was released by Charlton and signed a 2 year deal on 24 June 2005. Despite being a regular in the side during the opening five months, he suffered a torn groin muscle in what was to be his final game against against Wrexham and failed to regain his place in the side. He left by mutual consent on 31 March 2006.
He returned to Northern Ireland to sign for his hometown club, Derry City where he remained until January 2008 when he signed a short term deal with Grays Athletic. On 1 July 2008, he went back to Donegal to joinFinn Harps in the eircom League of Ireland Premier Division. His stay however was short lived, and he joined Dungannon Swiftsfrom the same League on 8 December 2008, although he was unable to make his debut until the following month. On 12 June 2010, Neil joined Irish Premier side Portadown before going out on a loan spell with Ballymena United on 28 January 2011, until the end of the season. He returned to the Ports for the 2012/2013 season. After a spell with Coleraine Town from 2014 to 2017, he moved on to Warrenpoint Town for the 2017/18 season. He was no longer on their books in the 2018/19 season.
Wycombe W's (H)
Loincoln City (H)
Peterborough (H)
Wycombe W's (A)
Swansea City (A)
Peterborough (A)
Billy Sharp
Born 5 February 1986 (Age 18 at debut)
22 January 2005 (Home Leyton Orient)
Billy started out as a schoolboy in the Rotherham Academy, but elected to join his home town side of Sheffield United at the age of 16. The young striker made two substitute appearances for the Blades, but didn't really feature in Neil Warnock's plans, and came to Diamonds on 21 January 2005 on an initial one month loan deal. After scoring two goals in five games, his loan period was extended to three months. His time at Diamonds will be fondly remembered not only for the 9 goals in just 16 appearances, but for the late winner in the crunch derby match against Northampton Town. In March 2005. His valuable goals saw Diamonds avoid relegation that season.
He returned to Sheffield United on 24 April 2005, but a £100,000 transfer deal with Scunthorpe United in August saw him move to the League One side. His goalscoring continued unabated with 56 goals in 95 games over two seasons which culminated in the clubs promotion to the Championship. With a number of clubs showing interest, he rejoined his beloved Sheffield United on 4 July 2007 for a £1,5m fee, but his form dipped again. During September 2009, he went on a season long loan to fellow Championship sideDoncaster Rovers. After returning to the Blades at the end of the season, offers of around £1m from Rovers and Burnley were both rejected before an improved offer of around £1.1m was agreed for a three year deal with Doncaster Rovers. During January 2012, Billy rejected a proposed move to Leicester City, but eventually agreed a 3½ year deal to join Championship side Southampton on 30 January 2012 for an undisclosed sum, allegedly around £1.8m. During his spell at Doncaster, he made 86 appearances, scoring 41 goals. He made his Premier League Debut, for Southampton, in August 2012. After a single season where he scored 10 goals in 18 games, Billy joined Championship side Nottingham Forest on a season long loan on 31 August 2012, with a possibility of a permanent move at the end of the season, but with a further two years left on his contract, he returned to Southampton after 31 appearances for Forest, and 11 goals. After being frozen out of the First Team squad at the start of the 2013/2014 season, Billy joined Championship side Reading on a loan deal commencing 26 September 2013 until 1 January 2014. He scored 2 goals in 10 appearances for the Royals before returning to the Saints. On 22 January 2014, Billy joined Championship side Doncaster Rovers on another loan deal until the end of the season. With a year still left on his contract, Billy was transferred to Championship side Leeds United on 13 August 2014 on a two year deal for an undisclosed fee. In July 2015 he returned to Sheffield United, helping them to win promotion back to the Championship. His Wikipedia entry is here.
Adrian Littlejohn
8 January 2005 (Home Shrewsbury Town)
16 April 2005 (Home Boston United)
Adrian began his career initially at West Bromwich Albion as a junior, but after failing to break into the first team, he moved across the Midlands to Walsall in the summer of 1989, where he spent two years with the Saddlers.In August 1991, he moved to Sheffield United, where he had a successful period with the club playing in the first ever Premier League season and scoring 8 times in 27 appearances. After making 44 League and Premiership starts and scoring 12 goals, he moved to Plymouth Argyle in September 1995 in a deal worth £100,000. While with the Pilgrims, he averaged a goal every three games. In March 1998, he joined Oldham Athletic, although his stay was short lived, joining Bury for £75,000 in November the same year. He made nearly 100 appearances for Bury before Neil Warnock brought him back to Sheffield united in October 2001 on a non-contract basis. In February 2003, he joined Port Vale, before joining Lincoln City in August 2004, where he failed to make an impact and was released.
Adrian joined Diamonds on 7 January 2005 on a deal until the end of the season, manager Ernie Tippett being very pleased to have him on board with such vast experience.
He was released at the end of the season, and went on the join Mansfield Town, but retired in the summer of 2006. Despite retirement, he played a few games for Leek Town and Retford United during the following season, while pursuing a career in coaching. He is currently a Football Development Officer and Community Coach with Sheffield United. He then moved on to Rotherham United in 2014 where he progressed to become the Head of Academy Physiotherapy.
Shrewsbury Tn(H)
Cheltenham Tn(A)
Alan Blayney
Born 9 October 1981 (Age 23 at debut)
Alan was born in Northern Ireland and started his career at Southampton, signing a contract in August 2002. In three and a half years with the Saints however, he only made three League appearances, and spent several months out on loan. He played for Stockport County and AFC Bournemouth in the 2002/03 season, and joined Rushden & Diamonds on 7 January 2005 after Billy Turley's suspension from the club. Although the loan was initially for one month, he was recalled by Southampton on 4 February after their own keeper suffered an injury. He went out on loan to Brighton & Hove Albion later in the season, and again the following year.
In January 2006, he signed for Doncaster Rovers after the payment of a £50,000 transfer fee, but his stay last just over a year before joining Oldham Athletic in February 2007 for an undisclosed fee. At the end of the season, Alan moved back to Northern Ireland, joining Bohemians in August 2007. In March 2008, he joined Ballymena United in the Carnegie Premier League where he was their first choice keeper until the end of the 2008/09 season. On 1 June 2009, he joined rivals Linfield who had just missed out on the League title in the previous season. After further success in Northern Ireland for a number of clubs, including Warrenpoint Town in 2017/18 he retired from the game in October 2018.
Cheltenham Tn (A)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to create modal alert using sweetalert? I am a beginner in Javascript and I need to generate an alert for the user when clicking on menu2 on my page to return a message, for this I opted to use a modal plugin compatible with all browsersPlugin modal The code below was all I could get Until now, but without success.
Here's my html

Home

Cria um chamado

Chamados

Reservas

FAQ

And here's my javascript

echo '';

Return of the alert working on the page.

I've tried it this way, but unsuccessfully so far.

     echo '';

Error while trying to run the solution in my php.

I do not want the method to be called, the default action of the event will not fire. To do this use event.preventDefault (); But it's not working for me. The alert does not appear. Does anyone have a solution?

echo '';

A: Your raw jquery should look like this (properly closed functions):
$(document).ready(function(){
    $('#menu2').click(function(event){
        swal("Return the alert test !", "Message!")
    })
});

However you echo it, is up to you.
Also you do not require setTimeout() by using document.ready().
Edit:
echo '';

A: I was able to make the modal alert sweetalert work by following the responses obtained here. I had a better understanding of Javascript and in specific event.preventdefault getting to the code below that worked perfectly for me.

?>

<?php

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Scientists Discover Two Fatal Diseases Capable of Transmitting From Honey Bees to Bumblebees
Laura Beans
Feb. 21, 2014 02:09PM EST
A new study published in the journal Nature investigating two infectious diseases—deformed wing virus (DWV) and the fungal parasite Nosema ceranea—finds that they could be spreading from honey bees to bumblebees, dramatically shortening the lifespan of the wild bumblebees. The study gives credence to recent research demonstrating that pesticide use compromises immune system functioning, dramatically raising their susceptibility to diseases.
Furthering the severity of these two diseases is the fact that while honey bee hives have tens of thousands of workers, bumblebee hives have only one hundred at most.
The study, Disease Associations Between Honeybees and Bumblebees as a Threat to Wild Pollinators, suggests that managed, highly-dense populations of honey bees, are breeding grounds for pathogens which may then be transmitted to bumblebee populations. But unlike honey bees, infected bumblebees are much more affected by the disease, with their lives shortened by six full days.
"To put it into context, in the field a bumblebee worker lives 21 days," said co-author Mark Brown, PhD., of Royal Holloway, University of London. "For every bee that has this virus, you're losing about a third or a quarter of all the food it would bring back to the nest to help the nest grow." Additionally, while honey bee hives have tens of thousands of workers, bumblebee hives have only one hundred at most.
The study, underlines the importance of threatened wild pollinators—including bumblebees—which are estimated to provide $3 billion in pollination services to crops such as tomato, blueberry, melon, soybean, cucumber, squash, apple, peach and bell pepper in the U.S.
Previous studies have demonstrated that bumblebees can carry DWV, but none had mapped the distribution of infected and healthy honey bee and bumblebee populations. Researchers here discovered that roughly one-third of honey bees collected are infected with DWV and 11 percent of bumblebees carry the virus. By mapping out the distribution of disease presence, researchers found significant overlap, which suggest disease transmission between the two pollinator species.
"A geographical patterning provides us with the information that transmission is occurring among these animals—they are sharing parasite strains," said Dr. Brown. The infection could likely be spread when bumblebees forage on flowers already visited by infected honey bees, or by raiding competitors interested in stealing nectar. "We cannot say it definitively, but because of the epidemiology, the most likely explanation is that the honeybees are acting as the source of the virus for the bumblebees," said Dr. Brown.
The research adds to a body of knowledge demonstrating the range of threats that native and managed pollinators face. Underlying these threats is the persistent use of pesticides which weakens pollinator immunes systems making them more susceptible to parasites, pathogens and diseases. One study on pesticides in honey bee hives, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that honey bees exposed to a typical fungicide were more than three times more likely to become infected when exposed to the parasite Nosema, compared to control bees which were not fed contaminated pollen.
Researchers here are particularly interested in further investigating the role of neonicotinoid pesticides, which are implicated as a driving cause of colony collapse disorder. "If bumblebees were exposed to neonicotinoids and had the same effect, you would expect the bumblebee viral load to be going through the roof. This is something we are hoping to test later," said Dr. Brown.
Visit EcoWatch's BIODIVERSITY page for more related news on this topic.
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The Cayman Islands has recently passed legislation requiring certain Cayman Islands corporate entities to maintain beneficial ownership registers at their registered offices and for the information contained in such registers to be stored in encrypted form on a secure standalone search platform (the "Search Platform") being established by the Minister of Financial Services as the competent authority (the "Competent Authority"). The principal purpose of the legislation is to make beneficial ownership information normally held by corporate service providers readily accessible in response to proper and lawful requests from specified law enforcement agencies1 and not to materially expand existing requirements for such information2. The Search Platform will not be publicly accessible and may only be searched by the Competent Authority.
The beneficial ownership legislation will come into force on 1 July 2017 and the purpose of this Alert is to provide advance notice to clients and others who may be affected.
Who must comply and what exemptions are available?
Managed, arranged, administered, operated or promoted by an approved person4 as a special purpose vehicle, private equity fund, collective investment scheme or investment fund or a general partner of such a vehicle, fund or scheme.
Unless exempted for one of the reasons listed above, each company to which the legislation applies has an obligation to create and maintain a register of its beneficial owners to be kept at its registered office and, in particular, is required to take reasonable steps to identify any individual who is a beneficial owner of the company and all relevant legal entities5 in relation to the company.
For the purposes of identifying individuals who are beneficial owners or relevant legal entities, a company is entitled to rely, without further enquiry, on the response of a person or relevant legal entity to a notice sent in good faith by the company, unless the company has reason to believe that the response is misleading or false. The notice shall require the recipient to state, within one month of receipt, whether or not they should be included in the beneficial ownership register of the company and to confirm or correct any particulars included in the notice.
An individual is a beneficial owner of a company if he holds, directly or indirectly, more than 25 per cent of the shares or the voting rights in the company or the right to appoint or remove a majority of the board of directors of the company. If no individual satisfies those requirements, an individual is a beneficial owner if he has the legal right to exercise, or actually exercises, significant direct or indirect influence or control over the company through the ownership structure including any trust or partnership (other than solely in the capacity of a director or manager, professional advisor or professional manager).
All Cayman Islands companies should now take steps to determine their status under the legislation and, unless exempted, should proactively identify and provide notices to beneficial owners.
Conyers Dill & Pearman offers a full range of services to assist clients with their obligations under the legislation. For further information please contact the author of this Alert or your usual Conyers Dill & Pearman contact.
1Presently limited to law enforcement agencies in the Cayman Islands and the UK.
2Under, for example, the Cayman Islands money laundering and terrorism financing regime.
3Including investment funds registered under the Mutual Funds Law (2015 Revision) and excluded persons registered under the Securities Investment Business Law (2015 Revision).
4An approved person means a person or subsidiary of a person that is (a) regulated, registered or licensed under a Cayman Islands regulatory law or regulated in an approved jurisdiction, or (b) listed on the Cayman Islands Stock Exchange or on another approved stock exchange.
5A "relevant legal entity" in relation to a company is one that is incorporated or registered in the Cayman Islands (including by way of continuation or as a foreign company) and would be a beneficial owner of the company if it was an individual.


If you are a military family, those efforts may need to be repeated on a regular basis as you move and redeploy to a new location within or even outside of the United States.
Advocate Meg Flanagan is currently living in Okinawa where her husband is based. She understands the unique circumstances military families face and is here to share those experiences and strategies to help families who have a child with special needs.
Meg Flanagan has a passion for helping busy families find success and peace on the education journey. She has helped dozens of families feel better about the IEP or 504 Plan process, providing support and resources.
Meg holds an M.Ed in special education and a BS in elementary education. She is currently certified in both areas in MA and VA, as well as by the DoDEA.
Meg has lived in the SoCal region on and off for the last decade, but currently calls Japan home.


text:
Gadsden City cagers sweep Clay-Chalkville
November 28, 2018 chris
Photo: Gadsden City's Calvin Williams (right) looks for an open teammate during the Titans' 48-39 victory over Clay-Chalkville last Tuesday (Nov. 27). (Mike Goodson)
By Mike Goodson/Sports Correspondent
The Gadsden City girls basketball team placed four players in double figures on their way to a 52-39 win over visiting Clay-Chalkville last Tuesday (Nov. 27).
Adrianna Jones led all scorers 14 points as the Lady Titans overcame a sluggish start on their way to the double-digit win.
"We had a balanced attack and it was totally a team effort," said GCHS head coach Jeremy Brooks. "We play a very physical game, and Clay tried to play the same type of game."
Camille Jenkins, Tameah Gattis and Mya Davis each added 10 points as Gadsden City improved to 6-2.
The Lady Titan led at each quarter break, 9-7, 21-14 and 43-29. Clay-Chalkville was led by Aukevian Tellis with 12 points, followed by Erica Lockhart with 11.
Gadsden City boys head basketball coach Reginald Huff referred to the performance of Calvin Williams as "a beast" last Tuesday (Nov. 27) in the Titans' 48-39 victory over Clay Chalkville at GCHS.
"Calvin's motor never stops running and he is very athletic," said Huff.
Williams took over the game in the second half, especially the fourth quarter, scoring 14 of his game high 20 points. Gadsden City led only 35-33 after three quarters but a 12-0 run to start the fourth period put the game on ice for the Titans
Williams also grabbed 15 rebounds as the Titans improved to 4-6 on the season. Williams was followed by Demetrius Huff with 14 points and 13 rebounds.
Gadsden City jumped out to a 13-6 lead after the first eight minutes but trailed 22-19 at halftime.
Huff was happy with his team's effort.
"Clay [Chalkville] is very athletic, and we are still looking for our identity."
Daniel Beachem paced the Cougars with 16 points.


Alternative Burning Strategies and their Effects on Cattle Performance, Grassland, and the Environment.
This recent study explores the effects of burning and grazing on local reptile and amphibian populations. Danelle Larson, Ph.D., a post-doctoral researcher at Idaho State University, applied fire only, grazing only, and a combination of fire and grazing treatments to an area of land to observe the effect on herpetofauna (local populations of reptiles and amphibians). She also included sections of land that had been burned or grazed in the previous year to see how herpetofauna populations changed. This study was performed on tallgrass prairie, but most of the species of reptiles and amphibians studied are common to ecosystems managed by fire and/or grazing throughout North America. Larson concluded that in order to conserve herpetofauna, both fire and grazing should be used to create a variety of patch types.
Fire managers rely on research syntheses for concise, objective information. This report, based on current literature and interviews with fire professionals, describes ways to create more useful syntheses for managers in fire and related natural resources.
This "synthesis about syntheses" describes characteristics of effective syntheses and provides suggestions for writing more useful syntheses.
Watch presentations by Sam Fuhlendorf, John Briggs, Dirac Twidwell, and Larry Sanders recorded at the Society for Range Management Meeting in Orlando Florida in February 2014. The Workshop centered on the topic of juniper encroachment was capped off with a discussion on how to apply the science to policy.
What the heck is a mixing height?
You can find a nice detailed presentation on mixing heights and transport winds from the Tallgrass Prairie and Savanna consortium here. A good presentation for burn boss trainees, prescribed fire specialists and fire ecologists.
A recorded presentation on fire in the wildland urban interface of Texas.
The Geographic Area Coordination Centers (GACC) were established to serve Federal and State wildland fire agencies through logistical coordination and mobilization of resources (people, aircraft, ground equipment) throughout various geographical areas.
The fires were suspected to be human caused. Lack of snow cover and Chinook winds contributed to fire spread. A change in weather conditions was needed to fight the fire. Further analysis of the weather indicated that similar conditions occur more often that thought and increased human activity in the area leads to an increase in fire potential. Therefore a system for monitoring fire danger and warning communities would be advantageous.
You can listen to a series of radio interviews organized by Great Plains Fire Science Exchange through KSU. You'll find radio interviews from Bill Waln, Doug Watson, Jay Pornoy, Brian Obermeyer, Rod Winkler, Jason Hartman, and Sherry Leis.
In this webinar, Dale Wade (retired Forestry Consultant for the U.S. Forest Service) talked about lessons he has learned from over forty years of experience in working with prescribed fire. Topics of discussion included ignition devices, ignition techniques, fire effects, and prescribed burn planning.
This kit was originally designed in 2012 by Jon Schwedler and Wendy Fulks for use with Nature Conservancy Fire Management staff and Outreach Specialists. The kit was adapted by Sherry Leis with the Great Plains Fire Science Exchange. We thank two reviewers for commenting on the revised kit. You can find many of the documents we cited in the report on this web site by using the search bar.
The Fire Effects Monitoring and Inventory System (Firemon) is a U.S. Forest Service independent plot level sampling system designed to characterize changes in ecosystem attributes over time.
The fire ecology program for the Central Great Plains region, embedded within the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN), is multifaceted. It serves as an integrating factor among the vital signs projects already in place within HTLN as well as integrating HTLN into the Midwest Region Fire programs.
STILLWATER, Okla. – The Oklahoma Prescribed Burning Handbook has been a wildly popular publication. So much so that John Weir, research associate in Oklahoma State University's Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management can hardly keep them stocked on his shelves. To help keep the supply up with the demand, Weir worked with DASNR's Technology-Services and Support group to create the "Prescribed Fire Handbook," a mobile website landowners and land managers can easily take with them into the field.
The page, factsheets.okstate.edu/e1010, has different tabs at the bottom for various interest areas. There are links to fact sheets and highlights, as well as a question and answer section and tabs for information, such as the effects of fire, preferred weather, fire laws and training opportunities.
By visiting the website, users can create an icon on their smartphone, tablet or laptop. The icon can be placed on a home screen and used as a link, taking users straight to the website and information.
Learn how to set up photo points so that you maximize the information they provide.
This new publication discusses a variety of ways to construct food plots. Fire is discussed as a way of attracting wildlife along with more traditional agricultural approaches such as crop plantings. If you maintain fire breaks on your land, the breaks might be able to serve as places to attract wildlife without disturbing new ground.
This document has been transcribed from a scan of the February 1992 Fire Behavior Field Reference Guide. The scan was converted to editable text using OCR; the text was then edited and formatted. Outdated content referring to BEHAVE was not transcribed. Figures have been included in this document by simple copy-and-paste, not by scanning to an image file. Many figures should be re-created with graphing or illustration software. Tables were either copy-and-pasted or re-created in electronic format.
TheNational Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) has developed this information forthe guidance of its member agencies and is not responsible for interpretation or useof this informationfor everyone except themember agencies. The use of trade, firmor corporation namesin this publication are for the information and convenience of the reader and do not constitute an endorsement by NWCGof any product or services to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.
Prescribed burning for range improvement has become a commong practice during the past few years. This has been especially evident in texas. Prescribed fire can accomplish many range improvement objectives with a single treatment. For example, one burn can control noxious brush, increase herbage yield, increase utilization, increase forage availability, improve wildlife habitat and control various disease.
This technical reference applies to monitoring situations involving a single plant species, such as an indicator species, key species, or weed. It was initially developed for monitoring special status plants.
This fact sheet covers the basics on prescribed fire (a.k..a planned burns) in grasslands.
Learn about how urban and neighborhood planning can reduce wildfire risks.
The AFE's position paperon carbon emissions and prescribed fire addresses grasslands in addition to woodland resources and the benefit of Rx fire.
Prescribed fire plans often address smoke and air quality concerns. Burn bosses plan for their preferred wind to avoid sensitive populations like schools and hospitals. Kansas smoke management recommendations provide decision support tools to help burners know what their contribution to air quality might be on a target spring day. Oklahoma recently instituted another tool to help burners avoid critical air quality levels. A new ozone burn ban was enacted in 2013. On days when ozone alters have been issued for the areas around Oklahoma City and Tulsa, open burning is prohibited. Luckily, most people probably won't be too interested in burning during that kind of hot steamy weather pattern.
The Oklahoma Forestry Service maintains a web page listing current Oklahoma Burn Bans. For more on the Kansas smoke management efforts, watch our videos on Fire in the Flint Hills and visit the Kansas Flint Hills Smoke Management website to learn how some ignition techniques can reduce smoke output.
Read about the work that Refugio-Goliad Prairie is doing to maintain ecosystems with fire in Texas.
Researchers are hopeful about a soil fungus that has potential to control cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). At the following website check out the list of papers describing research trials.
A letter in Nature ("Rate of Tree Carbon Accumulation Increases Continuously with Tree Size") contradicts the widely held belief that while large trees store carbon, they do not accumulate significant amounts. A story and podcast about this research also appear on the journal's public website.
Craig Cunningham, Superintendent of the Ruby Mountain Hotshots, has come up with a new way to structure After Action Reviews (AAR) that is making a positive difference on his crew. Previously, AARs were often vague debriefings which many people said were "broken", but the new PLOWS structure changes how the AAR is used. The mnemonic PLOWS stands for Plan, Leadership, Obstacles, Weaknesses, and Strengths. By asking questions related to each topic, such as "Was the leader's intent communicated and sufficient?" a safety and learning focused AAR can be conducted while encouraging crew participation. Some crews have been putting PLOWS into practice and observed that their discussion of the obstacles encountered one day led directly to a plan of improvements for the next. The PLOWS format is said to be working well for crews that have adopted it and influences small changes as well as larger goals for the upcoming season. Cunningham encourages others to try new AAR formats and share what works so others may benefit. Learn how to implement the PLOWS method of AAR on page 6 of the issue of "Two More Chains" linked below.
Prescribed fire is widely viewed as a useful but risky ecosystem management tool, and liability is a crucial issue for prescribed burning on private and public land. Basic liability rules motivate landowners to reduce risk when making choices about the use of fire. Liability therefore influences land use through incentives, and so has important consequences for the larger ecological landscape. Strict liability rules may lead to too little prescribed fire use, while negligence rules may, under certain circumstances, lead to too much. Although prescribed fire provides broad public benefits, such as reduction of wildfire risk or enhanced ecosystem health, the application of liability rules by courts often discourages its use as a vegetation management option. Various approaches exist for improving the laws and regulations surrounding prescribed fire.
Lightning is known to spark wildfires. Across the country, lightning frequencies vary greatly (World lightning frequency maps). In the Great Plains, lightning is often accompanied by rain and therefore is less likely to ignite wildfires. Nevertheless, mother nature does sometimes start fires here in the GP.
Have you ever seen a tree that seems to have exploded? Have you ever wondered why trees explode when lightning strikes them? Here's a blog post from Ian Lunt's Ecological Research Site to help us understand the process.
It all starts with the soil. In fact, 2015 has been dubbed the International Year of Soil. In that spirit, throughout this year we will make a special effort to pass along grassland soil science relevant to the fire community.
The Journal of Ecology has a special virtual issue focused on below ground interactions. This issue contains several papers related to grasslands that might spark your interest.
This report looks at the economic and social impacts of fuels treatments in an effort to answer persistent questions asked by Congress as they consider funding levels. Although this report is focused on woodlands, especially in the Southwest, I think the implications are important for the whole fire community. The sections on the wildland urban interface (where the natural areas meet the cities) are particularly important in the Great Plains.
Considerable prescribed fire research has been conducted on Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) and redberry juniper (J. pinchotii) communities in Texas. Prescribed fire is an effective, cost competitive method of controlling juniper. This paper outlines how to safely and efficiently conduct prescribed fires in juniper communities and discusses vegetation responses in the two major juniper types found in Texas.
In 1963, Omer C. Stewart, Professor of Anthropology at the University of Colorado, wrote an article about the use of fire by aboriginal peoples. This publication was not regarded with much importance when Stewart first presented it, but now his ideas are more respected within the fire community. Stewart focused on the value of learning about the ways indigenous peoples used fire as an ecological management tool. His article "Barriers to Understanding the Influence of Use of Fire by Aborigines on Vegetation" discusses the importance of taking time to learn from aboriginal people about their historical use of fire. In addition, Stewart addresses several reasons that historical information acquired from indigenous people is often disregarded in the realm of science.
In this article, Twidwell and others compared accident and fatality rates for wildland fire (wildfire and prescribed fire) to related occupations such as construction, animal production, crop production, and logging. Firefighters had the least fatalities from 2006-2013. Prescribed fire had far fewer fatal injuries than wildfire from 1963-2013. The authors caution that the datasets have limitations and really provide an approximation.
fuel model crosswalk, and set of fuel model photos are provided.
This handout was published in 2005, but it contains good information. Topics covered include history of fire use in Texas, fire ecology in different ecoregions, use of fire in wildlife management, several case studies, roles of fire management agencies, and increasing stakeholder involvement.
The recent increase of wildfires in the southern Great Plains has illustrated a need for development and application of fuels (vegetation) management techniques in the region. Fuels management is crucial to fire suppression and fire fighter safety, as the amount of fuel directly influences flame lengths. Flame lengths, in turn, are among the primary factors used to describe fire intensity, which has a direct impact on the ability to suppress wildfires.
The increasing frequency and intensity of wildland and wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires have become a significant concern in many parts of the United States and around the world. To address and manage this WUI fire risk, local fire departments around the country have begun to acquire the appropriate equipment and offer more training in wildfire response and suppression. There is also growing recognition of the importance of wildfire mitigation and public outreach about community risk reduction. Using survey and interview data from 46 senior officers from local fire departments around the U.S., this report describes how some local fire departments are addressing the wildfire peril in terms equipment, training, fitness, response strategies and tactics, public communication, education, and mitigation activities. The successes and challenges these departments have experienced also show how departments face and overcome barriers to being better prepared and ready to control and mitigate a wildfire incident in their communities.
We are excited to present an annotated bibliography of patch burn grazing citations. This document is the result of refining Stephen Winter's periodic updated bibliographies on patch burn grazing. It includes papers representing original research, review and synthesis papers, theses, and a dissertation.
A citation tracker is available online that will allow you to help us update this document in the future. You can add any citations that we are missing into the citation tracker and we hope to periodically update the annotated bibliography. The citation tracker can be reached through the link in the annotated bibliography PDF, and a link on the GP Fire Science Exchange website will soon be available as well.
We are also working to make FRAMES (an online fire database; linked in the annotated bibliography PDF) work better for you. FRAMES is updating keywords and adding new references to match this bibliography as well as a pyric herbivory section that was drafted but not included in the attached document. You can now click on fire and grazing themed searches right from the GP Fire Science Website!
The link below will take you to a recent newsletter describing fire weather products for Oklahoma. Now is a great time to get familiar with these tools to prepare yourself for upcoming burns.
Using fire during the growing season is a promising new way to manage sericea lespedeza in tallgrass prairies. Growing season burns offer advantages beyond sericea control, including easier to contain fires and a second chance to burn acres omitted during the dormant season.
Ben Wheeler has produced a really nice publication on fire breaks. He reviews several construction types and provides criteria for choosing and implementing them.
Naturally occurring fires have historically been an important factor in determining plant and animal distribution and composition in Missouri. While natural fires are random and uncontrolled, prescribed burning is the process of applying a controlled fire to a predetermined area to meet certain goals and objectives. Prescribed fire is used as a tool to manage natural communities and planted grass stands. It can set back succession by controlling woody invasion, improve wildlife habitat by stimulating desirable and suppressing undesirable plant species, improve poor grazing distribution, and reduce wildfire risk. Other uses of prescribed burning include preparing sites for planting or seeding, removing slash or debris, and enhancing seed production of target plant species.
This review summarizes the fire effects information and relevant ecology of greater sage-grouse and Gunnison sage-grouse in North America that was available in the scientific literature as of 2016.
If you missed the 2014 Patch Burn Grazing field meeting in Grand Island, NE, you can still get a flavor for the presentations. Due to technical difficulties we did not capture the audio, but you can still see lots of great content in the presentations. I am confident that the authors will be happy to talk with you more about the work they shared. The PowerPoint presentations have been converted to .pdf files for better file management.
A Prescribed Fire Association is a group of landowners and other concerned citizens that form a partnership to conduct prescribed burns. Prescribed burning is the key land management tool used to restore and maintain native plant communities to their former diversity and productivity for livestock production and wildlife habitat. Native prairies, shrublands, and forests supply the majority of livestock forage and 99.9 percent of the wildlife habitat in Oklahoma. Without fire, native plant communities become dysfunctional and unproductive. Research has clearly shown that there is no substitute for fire. Oklahoma's ecosystems are fire dependent and not burning is poor land management.
This fact sheet describes a variety of plants that can be used in fire-resistant landscaping.
This document provides an overview of the use of prescribed fire in grassland management. It describes the history and importance of fire in grasslands, plant responses to fire, and potential benefits of fire. Fire planning, safety, and legal concerns are summarized. In addition, guidance on special uses of fire is provided.
Tobosagrass is a productive, but coarse and generally unpalatable grass. Distribution extends from western Texas through southern New Mexico to southeastern Arizona and north-central Mexico. An important characteristic of tobosagrass is perennial stems; these stems and the unpalatable nature of tobosagrass ensure that large quantities of standing dead grass accumulate. This manual describes management practices for tobosagrass rangeland.
A new fact sheet for managing sand sagebrush in rangeland is available from Oklahoma State University. There is a nice section about fire; take a look.
This fact sheet describes the use of patch burn grazing (PBG) to alter fuel structure and continuity. Burning in this manner has the potential to slow the spread of fire, thus decreasing wildfire risk.
Wait a minute—this thinking contains at least eight misconceptions, including those dealing with timing, wind, help, fuel, expected brush kill, grazing management, the size of the burn, and its impact on wildlife habitat. If you burned using this plan, you would probably never burn rangeland again on purpose because of the risks taken and the potential for disappointing results.
Effective planning well in advance is vital for achieving the beneficial effects of a prescribed burn. The elements of a plan are described in Extension publication E-37, Prescribed Range Burning in Texas, which is available from your county Extension agent or on the web at http://agrilifebookstore.org.
This publication from Texas A&M Agrilife Extension contains more information and a checklist to use when planning a prescribed burn.
It is well-known that fire has historically played an important role in creating and maintaining ecosystems in the Midwest. In landscapes where fire has been suppressed or where invasive and exotic plant species have taken hold, prescribed fire is a useful tool for restoring native plant communities.
This management technique can be valuable for increasing suitable habitat for some herpetofauna. However, there is a growing body of evidence that it may also be damaging to resident populations of reptiles and amphibians. When planning prescribed fires, habitat managers should consider the needs of all parts of existing floral and faunal communities. Maintenance of native animal populations, particularly vulnerable, rare, or threatened species, deserve as much attention as the manipulation of plant communities toward a predetermined goal. To assist land managers concerned about the impacts of fire on herpetofauna, the Midwest Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC) provide the following recommendations to promote effective use of prescribed fire in ecosystem restoration.
This fact sheet is a description of small burn demonstrations that can be developed for teaching students about fire. With a sandbox, show arena, and some dry hay, Dave Redden developed this method for reaching school children and 4-H members.
The linked fact sheet helps to clarify the various ways that wind speed is measured. Texas regulations for wind speed are also described.
For years, fire department administrators have struggled to find an alternative to having firefighters ride on the outside of a moving vehicle to spray wild fires.
Using a remote control nozzle is one alternative. Following research and design, the Kansas Forest Service Fire Shop has produced the first Kansas Forest Service remote wildland fire monitor. Its components are readily available and inexpensive.
Integrated management of eastern redcedar on pasture and grasslands should be based on a combination of cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical tools to keep this tree from continuing to spread while protecting grassland production and profits. Tree height should be used as a determining factor for control options. Burning, cutting, digging, mowing, use of goats and broadcast herbicide application are effective on trees up to 2 feet tall. Cutting and individual tree herbicide treatments work well on eastern redcedar 2-10 feet tall. Trees over 10 feet in height are most effectively and economically controlled by cutting. The bottom line is "control trees while they are small."
When considering components such as fuels, topography, and regulations that must be taken into account before conducting a prescribed burn, one factor is completely beyond our control: weather. This publication lists several resources that provide detailed current weather information for a given location.
This planning guide is the result of an international collaboration between researchers, various stakeholders, and fire practitioners. It contains information on evaluating and building trust among stakeholders with specific applications to fire management. The guide includes a discussion of the importance of trust, strategies for building trust, examples of fire management situations in which trust played a role, and an assessment tool for fire management personnel.
This recent survey summarizes the activity, needs, and safety records of 27 Prescribed Burn Associations (PBAs) in the Great Plains. Take a look through this valuable and relevant information; it's well worth your time.
Read our summary of recent research identifying and comparing elements of traditional fire knowledge across cultures throughout history.
Prescribed fire liability standards vary from state to state and legal terms can sometimes be confusing. This fact sheet describes the different standards of care applied in prescribed burning‐related lawsuits.
Prescribed fire affects wildlife in various ways. Population responses by species can be positive, negative, or neutral, short-term or long-term, and they often vary across spatial scales. Whereas prescribed fire can create or maintain habitats for some species, it can also remove or alter conditions in ways that render it unsuitable for other species. Furthermore, a species may benefit from fire in one situation but not another. Given the variations in fire and in species responses, the only real generalization one can make is that exceptions occur.
As redcedar encroaches and increases in canopy cover, species diversity that is endemic to grasslands collapses and production of herbaceous biomass (forage) underneath decreases, resulting in a loss of livestock carrying capacity (Smith and Stubbendieck 1990; Engle et al. 1987; Limb et al. 2010; Twidwell et al. 2013a).
The "cut and stuff" practice is an addition of ladder fuels that can increase fire intensity and create longer flames needed to control larger trees, thus increasing the overall effectiveness of most prescribed burns.
The Great Plains of North America has experienced exponential increases in wildfires since 1985, with a 400% increase in area burned and more than 300% increase in number of wildfires.
difficult to understand how much fire occurs in the Great Plains and how fire occurrence might vary across the region.
The vegetation patterns and succession of Great Plains grasslands are structured largely by fire. We can see how important fire is to these grasslands by its exclusion, in as little as 40 years tallgrass prairie without fire can become a woodland.
Japanese brome, Russian knapweed, spotted knapweed, and leafy spurge are invasive, non-native weeds in the northern prairies of the central United States. Because they reproduce by seed, destroying the seed with fire may be one way to control these plants. Knowing the fire characteristics that will kill the seeds is important to using this method of control.
The invasive species cheatgrass, Bromus tectorum, has been linked to increased fire frequency, reduced livestock weight gains and plant diversity, and degraded wildlife habitat in the Intermountain region of the western United States.
Controls over the strength and timing of fire-grazer interactions in a semi-arid rangeland.
Given a choice, grazing animals prefer forage on recently burned rather than unburned areas. The relationship between fire and grazing pressure may be different where grass production is high (tallgrass) as compared to lower productivity semi-arid rangelands.
Grasshoppers in the northern Great Plains periodically experience population outbreaks. While insecticides are available to help control these outbreaks, prescribed burning and livestock grazing, alone or in combination, may offer range managers another method of control.
Patch burn grazing management is prescribed burning and grazing practice that allows livestock and wildlife to select a diet from both burned and unburned vegetation. Differences in forage quality between the burned and unburned areas can affect where animals graze.
Prickly pears are native plants that provide food and habitat for wildlife. However, they can reduce forage and increase livestock injury when there are too many of them. Plains prickly pear is adapted to fire, re-growing from seeds, roots, and pads, but fire can also kill plants.
Grazing immediately following a wildfire has been thought to be damaging to northern Great Plains grasslands, and delaying grazing is often recommended. This recommendation may be needlessly causing livestock producers extra work and loss of income, as these grasslands have been shown to be resilient to summer fire, grazing and drought.
Fire is common in the western Great Plains, but much less well studied than in eastern prairies. Wildfires most commonly occur in July and August in these semi-arid rangelands covered with cool-season grasses, but the impact of summer fires has not been well researched.
As land has been converging to crops, fire has been suppressed, coyotes have been controlled and tree and shrub cover in rangelands has increased. Thus, swift fox populations have severely declined in number and have become cut off from one another. Returning fire to the landscape may improve habitat for swift foxes.
Purple threeawn reproduces from seed and vegetatively from basal buds, the source for new tillers. While typically a minor grassland species, it increases with intensive disturbance and can persist at high levels decades afterward.
Although there is a wealth of knowledge of plant and avian responses to fire in the Great Plains, responses are not as well understood for arthropods, including insects, spiders, and their close relatives.
Patch burn grazing is burning different patches of a pasture at different times and allowing animals to select where they want to graze. Originally conceived as an alternative to uniform utilization, patch burn grazing manages for vegetation structural diversity to conserve biodiversity while also sustaining the rangeland resource.
Fuel moisture is often listed as an important criteria for ignition in burn plans. Why does fuel moisture matter? Dryer fuels ignite at lower fire temperatures and burn more rapidly and more completely.
The workshop held on March 18‐19, 2014 was developed to share current knowledge, technical information, practical management information, and provide training opportunities for private local, federal and state participants that either manage land or work with land managers.
Do liability and regulatory standards influence the amount of prescribed burning in the South?
standard include a burn permit but are more variable with respect to the presence of a CPBM at the burn, written prescriptions, adequate personnel and firebreaks, and burn ban exemptions.
Prescribed burning is widely accepted as a critical management tool in the tallgrass prairie, however, the ecological effects of burning at different times of the season are poorly understood. In the Kansas Flint Hills, timing of fire is an important management issue that carries socio-economic as well as ecological implications.
October 13, 2015 a diverse group of people interested in grassland fire convened to learn about effects of season of fire and see the results of a fall burn (1‐year post‐burn) at the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Strong City, Kansas.
The following review is intended to summarize available literature in order to provide a state-of-the-art understanding of the effects of fire in the Northern Great Plains of North America.
Fuels management typically involves changing fuel structure or amount. Fuels management in woodlands conjures up visions of burning, tree felling, and mastication among other techniques, but grassland fuels management requires very different approaches.
Climate change has greatly impacted rangeland systems. Changes in rangelands are having dramatic effects on both social and ecological systems. Increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have contributed to a 1° C increase in average global temperature since the industrial revolution.
Grasslands have supported a broad array of life over the millennia. Not only have they supported rich biodiversity, but also they shaped the region's stream flow and groundwater hydrology, contributed to carbon sequestration, and offered many environmental benefits.
One quantitative approach to prioritizing management actions uses a stepwise process. It starts by quantifying thresholds at which abrupt changes occur within ecological systems. In the case of prescribed fire in grasslands, thresholds can represent the fire intensity that results in death of a target species.
production in some parts of the country.
The phenomenon of grassland conversion to shrublands and woodlands—known as woody plant encroachment—continues to receive increasing attention in rangelands worldwide.
Researchers have established that fire and grazing in-fluence structure and function of rangeland ecosystems. Fire's effects in combination with grazing management varies throughout the Great Plains.
Land managers and the public often have the perception that, although prescribed fire assists in management of fire-dependent landscapes, it presents greater risks than the use of other land management tools, such as mechanical removal.
The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) rules state that "Burning shall not be commenced when surface wind speed is predicted to be less than six miles per hour (mph) (five knots) or greater than 23 mph (20 knots) during the burn period".
Lesser prairie‐chickens are an iconic part of the Great Plains and so their protection is of interest to a variety of stakeholders from landowners to land managers and grassland enthusiasts to researchers. Given the recent federal listing of the lesser prairie‐chicken, these stakeholders are engaged in discussions about the best methods to restore, conserve, and protect the species and its habitat.
On nearly every continent, prior and current cultures have practiced land management using fire. This publication compares fire practices in these traditional fire cultures and how they differ from the way modern management uses fire.
My station was to relate why we want to do prescribed burning and how it can be done safely. For adults, this would usually be a one hour PowerPoint presentation. I did not think that a slide presentation would appeal to the students, so we experimented with a new way of communicating the fire message.
Grasslands have supported a broad array of life over the millennia. Not only have they supported rich biodiversity, but also they shaped the region's stream flow and groundwater hydrology, contributed to carbon sequestration, and offered many environmental benefits. Additionally, grasslands have provided the basis for agricultural and livestock production.
Most of the world's grasslands evolved with fire, whether ignited by lightning or people. For millennia, flames burned regularly though small patches and vast stretches of prairie landscapes, restoring and sustaining an enormous variety of native grassland plants.
Resistance to the use of prescribed fire is strong among many private land managers despite the advantages it offers for maintaining fire-prone ecosystems. Often, managers who are aware of the benefits of using prescribed fire as a management tool avoid using it because of fear of liability for damages that may result from an escaped fire or smoke.
The ecological value of shortgrass prairies in North America has become increasingly evident as populations of prairie dog (Cynomys spp.) and burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) begin to decline.
The varied regions of the Great Plains share a history of fire, for example, the mixed‐grass prairies of the Dakotas, tallgrass prairie of Kansas, and cross timbers of Texas all evolved with periodic burning.
The Great Plains is a fire-dependent ecosystem with short fire return intervals. Based on fire spread and ignition modeling, patch burn grazing could be a useful tool for reducing the incidence and severity of large, catastrophic fires.
Alteration of grassland disturbance regimes has greatly diminished grassland structural complexity and is likely a contributing factor to the decline in grassland bird populations.
Conducting planned burns and lighting unplanned fires carries some inherent risk for injury. Even though firefighters train and plan in an effort to reduce risks on the fireline, accidents still happen.
In Great Plains grasslands, grasses are typically the dominant plant life form because of their exceptional competitive abilities. With extensive root systems in the upper soil layers, grasses are able to exploit soil resources such as water and nutrients to a degree that many non‐grass plants aren't able to.


History could not wait. TIME magazine has named President-Elect Barack Obama person of the year.
December 18, 2008, West Palm Beach FL (JusticeNewsFlash.com) Florida government and headline news correspondents with JusticNewsFlash.com (JNF) reports Barack Obama, the politician who rose from obscurity to become the first African-American president of the United States, was named person of the year by Time magazine on Wednesday. Time makes their person of the year selection based on the person who most affected the news for better or worse. Time cited Obama's unlikely run for the presidency, his ability to energize voters and the expectations abounding for his presidency at home and abroad as some of its reasons for picking him as the top story of 2008.
JNF government news and U.S. political reporters cover ground-breaking news and social commentary of the day. In one of the craziest elections in American history, President-Elect Barack Obama overcame a lack of experience, a funny name, two candidates who are political institutions, and the racial divide to become the 44th president of the United States.
JNF-JusticeNewsFlash.com allows lawyers, journalists, and other professionals to provide breaking news to their communities regarding government health & law initiatives, headline news issues, social responsibility concerns, and U.S. political commentary.


Love it - But I love her cleaning pack more.
I'm a long time essential cleaner fan, love the products Kelly makes. This glass cleaner is excellent but I am a huge fan of her cleaning pack. It all runs out about the same time and my house smells amazing. Highly recommend both the cleaner on its own, and the whole pack!
I'm so used to the normal cleaners and how they smell I didn't realise that cleaning stuff could smell this good. Due to buy my refill shortly!
Great product, works wonderfully. Very happy.
Love that its natural - and works!
Mate put me onto the essential cleaner, and hands down the best thing since sliced bread. I'm no hippy but I like my house chemical free and this product is great for that. I love her dishwasher tablets and toilet cleaner too.
Excellent Investment in non toxic cleaning - highly recommend it.
I converted to the essential cleaner based on this product. I was looking for a natural non-toxic alternative to store brought cleaners to reduce the impact on my kids. Not only is this non-toxic but it is amazing. I now buy all my cleaning stuff through the Essential Cleaner. It's great. You won't be disappointed.


Forsyth Plastic Surgery is the first practice in the area to offer miraDry – the only FDA-approved one-time permanent treatment for underarm sweating. The treatment is safe and effective, and most patients will never need deodorants again. Microwave energy targets the sweat glands to permanently reduce up to 80% of sweating, hair and odor in just one treatment. Your underarm sweat glands produce odor and only make up 2% of all your overall sweat glands. You will continue to sweat normally elsewhere. Find out more at www.miradry.com. And watch WXII's Kimberly VanScoy report on miraDry here.
You will have a consultation with one of our plastic surgeons to ensure that you are a good candidate for MiraDry. You will then meet with Gina, our aesthetician, to discuss the treatment in more detail. You may have some discomfort with the initial numbing but will not have any pain during the actual MiraDry treatment. The treatment takes about an hour with immediate results and no downtime.
Most patients return to regular activity or work immediately. You may have some swelling under your arms for a few weeks but may take longer to completely resolve. MiraDry has been used in over 85,000 treatments worldwide with an excellent safety record. There are no reports of permanent side effects.
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Renando Griffin identified as Southeast DC double shooting victim
Jeremiah Jeffery Medenwald identified as Wahpeton shooting victim
Renando Griffin Death – According to the police, a man was killed as a result of a double shooting that occurred early on Sunday morning in Southeast District of Columbia. According to the Metropolitan Police Department, police responded to a shooting call in the 200 block of 15th Place at approximately 12:49 in the AM. When the officers arrived, they discovered two men who had been shot. Both patients were sent to respective hospitals in the region for treatment.
Victim identified
Renando Griffin, 34, a resident of Southeast, District of Columbia, was recognized as one of the victims who would eventually be pronounced dead. The condition of the second victim, as well as their identity, were kept under wraps by the police. Investigators are making continued efforts to locate potential suspects in the investigation. If you have any information, please contact the Metropolitan Police Department at (202-727-9099) or send a text message to (50411). Information that leads to an arrest and subsequent conviction in this case may be eligible for a reward of up to $25,000.
Related topic: 2 Teens Injured in Separate DC Double Shootings: Police
On Wednesday, there were two different incidents of double shootings that took place in Washington, District of Columbia. According to the authorities, two young individuals were injured in both of these incidents. According to the police, four people were wounded when gunfire broke out on Alabama Avenue in Southeast and in the Brightwood district of Northwest. The victims included two children and two adults.
At the intersection of Missouri Avenue and 14th Street, residents have reported hearing gunshots at roughly nine minutes before ten o'clock in the evening. The officers arrived on the scene to discover a wounded teen and an adult. According to the police, they were both sent to a hospital after the incident.
The Metropolitan Police Department stated that hours earlier, about 6:30 p.m., authorities discovered a male in his 20s and an older teen shot in the 2100 block of Alabama Ave. SE. The officials claim that both individuals were conscious and breathing when they were taken to the hospital, and it is anticipated that both of them would be able to pull through this ordeal.
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Lauren Lopez
Lauren is an actress, singer, dancer, and writer from the suburbs of Michigan. She attended the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, where she studied acting. With her friends Lauren built the theatre company StarKid Productions, which has found its home in Chicago. Over the past four years, Lauren has worked in Chicago with StarKid on numerous projects, including several original musicals, two sold-out national tours, and two sketch shows at The Second City's UP Comedy Club. In addition to her work with StarKid, Lauren has a career in the commercial circuit, working in both regional and national commercials and ad campaigns.


GRT Hot Glass Studios offers a variety of affordable and fun classes for all ages (10 and up) and experience levels! From Private Lessons to Seasonal Workshops like Hearts, Flowers, Pumpkins, Snowmen and Ornaments, there is always something new for students to create and experience for themselves!
In our sampler classes our instructor will give an overview of the process and then provide a demonstration of the piece and then each student will have the opportunity to participate and create their own glass object. These will be placed in the ovens to cool down and can be picked up after a few days. To view our current sampler offerings, please click the Register Now button below.
Or call us at 317-357-9006 for more information.
Private Hot Glass instruction is available for students from beginner to advanced level (ages 10 and up). This is a great way to develop skills fast. Lessons include equipment overview and safety, instructor demo and then student participation to create your own art piece(s).
Please email clayton@grtglassdesign.com or call Clayton at 317-696-6110 to schedule your private instruction.


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Q: What is the derivative of the expected value of a continuous random variable? Say we have a random variable $X$, with density function $f(x)$, and moment generating function $M(t) = E[e^{tX}]$, and we take the derivative of $M(t)$
$$\frac{d}{dt} M(t) = \frac{d}{dt}E\left[e^{tX} \right] = E\left[\frac{d}{dt}e^{tX} \right]$$
I can see how this works in the discrete case, as we are bringing the derivative inside a summation and the derivative of sums is the sum of the derivatives. But why are we allowed to bring the derivative inside the integral in the continuous case?
$$\frac{d}{dt}\int_X e^{tX}f(x)dx = \int_X \frac{d}{dt}[e^{tX}f(x)]dx$$?

A: The question is why $M'(t_0) = E(Xe^{t_0X})$. To answer that, it is reasonable to assume that $M$ is finite and bounded in a neighborhood of $t_0$, say $(t_0-\epsilon, t_0+\epsilon)$. Consider $h_n$ a sequence that goes to $0$ as $n\to \infty$ and note that
$$\frac{M(t_0+h_n)-M(t_0)}{h_n} = E\left(e^{t_0X}\frac{e^{h_nX}-1}{h_n} \right)$$
To conclude it suffices to prove that $\displaystyle \lim_n E\left(e^{t_0X}\frac{e^{h_nX}-1}{h_n} \right) =E(Xe^{t_0X}) $.
By definition of the derivative, $\displaystyle e^{t_0X}\frac{e^{h_nX}-1}{h_n}$ converges pointwise to $Xe^{t_0X}$, so it suffices to dominate it. Note that $$\forall h\in \mathbb R, \forall x\in \mathbb R,  \left|\frac{e^{hx}-1}{h}\right| =  \left|\int_0^x e^{hu}du\right|\leq |x|e^{|hx|}\leq |x|(e^{-hx}+e^{-hx})$$
hence $$\left|e^{t_0X}\frac{e^{h_nX}-1}{h_n}\right|\leq |X|(e^{(t_0-h_n)X}+e^{(t_0+h_n)X})$$
Let $N$ be such that $n\geq N\implies |h_n|\leq \frac \epsilon 2$. Note that there exists some $A_\epsilon>0$ such that $$|x|\geq A_\epsilon \implies |x|\leq e^{(\epsilon/ 2) |x|}$$ so that $\forall x\in  \mathbb R, |x|\leq A_\epsilon + e^{(\epsilon/ 2) |x|}\leq A_\epsilon + e^{-(\epsilon/ 2) x}+e^{(\epsilon/ 2) x}$.
For $n\geq N$,  $$\begin{aligned}
|X|(e^{(t_0-h_n)X}+e^{(t_0+h_n)X})
&\leq (A_\epsilon + e^{-(\epsilon/ 2) x}+e^{(\epsilon/ 2) x})(e^{(t_0-h_n)X}+e^{(t_0+h_n)X})\\
&= A_\epsilon (e^{(t_0-h_n)X}+e^{(t_0+h_n)X}) \begin{aligned}[t]&+ e^{(t_0-h_n-(\epsilon/ 2))X} + e^{(t_0-h_n+(\epsilon/ 2))X}\\ &+e^{(t_0+h_n-(\epsilon/ 2))X} +e^{(t_0+h_n+(\epsilon/ 2))X}\end{aligned}
\end{aligned}$$
By the assumption that $M$ is bounded on $(t_0-\epsilon, t_0+\epsilon)$ and the previous bound, we get the domination needed to apply the dominated convergence theorem.
So  $$M'(t_0) = E(Xe^{t_0X})$$

A: Actually, the reason is that both the operators ${d\over dt}$ and $\int$ are linear operators over the functions space which we will recall as $F$. The reason is easy. For the derivative operator we have $$\forall f_1,f_2\in F\quad,\quad {d\over dt}(af_1+bf_2)=a{d\over dt}f_1+b{d\over dt}f_2$$and for the integral $$\int_X af_1+bf_2=a\int_Xf_1+b\int_Xf_2$$
The general result is that

$$\text{Any two linear operators can be swapped over the operands.}$$

The concept of expected value
As intuition says, to obtain a simple average from a set of data, we sum the data up and divide the result over their total number. Say, the data $\{x_1,x_2,\cdots ,x_n\}$ are given. The average of these data, which we denote by $\bar x$, becomes$$\bar x={1\over n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_i$$similarly for a continuous data such as a function like $g(x)$, the average over an interval $[a,b]$ becomes $$\bar g={1\over b-a}\int_a^b g(x)dx$$as long as the integral exists and is bounded.
To some reasons, one subset of data matters to us more than the others so as they must also be more determining in the total average. To respect this case, we define a weighted average with a weight function $f(x)$ to apply to $g(x)$. The weighted will then become$$\bar g_w=\int_a^b{g(x)f(x)dx}$$where$${\int_a^b f(x)=1\\f(x)\ge 0\quad,\quad x\in [a,b]}$$The mathematical expectation of a function $g(x)$ under the PDF of a random variable is then defined as $$E\{g(x)\}=\int_Xg(x)f(x)dx$$where the PDF $f(x)$ actually determines which parts of $g(x)$ matter more and which matter less.

A: I believe what you need is a direct application of Leibniz's Rule.  It requires continuity on the integrand and its partial derivative, so I believe that distributions can be constructed in which this does not hold (though perhaps such cases can be handled by the measure-theoretic formulation).

A: For $X$ a cont. random variable, in any case when $E |X| < \infty$, your equation holds.
The following proof for characteristic functions can be transferred to the moment gen. function.


Okie dokie, director's commentary time. Pick a story and I'll pull it apart and tell you what I was trying to do and how, which sentences make me writhe with regret, and what I learned from writing it. These are the stories I've already done commentaries for. Pick something other than one of those. Pick a recent story! Sortable list here. Well, actually, pick what you're interested in having analyzed. It's all good.
Music: Today's track performed live. This is post-rock, not shoegaze, but the genres are related and you can sure see why in that vid. Love that track. The influences of Explosions in the Sky are quite evident. All tracks available on Bandcamp.
ETA: I've got four stories to write commentary on, and that's enough for now! I have the first one in progress.
Ooh! Ooh! I would love to see you talk about Gunpowder Tea, which remains one of my very favorites of yours.
Oooh, Wesley. And that one is more writerly than many of them, so it'll be fun to pick apart. Here, have my very-inappropriate-for-that-story Wesley icon!
You don't know me, and I never comment(And one day I will, I promise), but still, I'd love to see commentary on Thusia or pre-series fics from that verse.
Mmm, Thusia, maybe my own personal favorite of them all! Would be happy to write commentary on that.
I find your list of stories intimidating. I already forget. Have you done one for Emergence? That's one I'd like to see.
"Emergence". First fanfic story ever finished. (Well, some short things finished first.) I'll start with this one because it should make me wince a lot and talk a lot about things I've learned since.
I would love to know what you were thinking when you wrote Liberation.
Ooooh. That one's interesting. Okay!