text:
Q: Simulating values from a random variable that is a sum of other random variables $X$ is $\mathcal N(0,4)$, $Y$ is $\mathcal N(0,5)$, $Z = X + Y$
I need to simulate 1000 values for each of these variables, $X$,$Y$,$Z$.
I have simulated 1000 values for both $X$ and 1000 values for $Y$.
When simulating 1000 values for $Z$, should I use the values already simulated for $X$ and $Y$?
Or should I simulate new values for $X$ and $Y$?

A: If $X \sim \mathsf{Norm}(\mu=0,\sigma=2)$ and
$Y \sim \mathsf{Norm}(\mu=0,\sigma=\sqrt{5}),$
then $Z = X+Y \sim
\mathsf{Norm}(\mu=0,\sigma=\sqrt{4+5} = 3).$
If you simulate many values of $X,$ then the a histogram
of those values imitates the density function of $\mathsf{Norm}(\mu=0,\sigma=2).$
Also, the sample mean of the many values $X_i$ will
be $\bar X \approx  0$ and the their standard
deviation will be $S_X = \frac{1}{n-1}\sum_{i=1}^n (X_i - \bar X)^2 \approx 2.$
Using R for the
simulating, summarizing, and graphing, we have:
set.seed(2020)
x = rnorm(10^5, 0, 2
summary(x); sd(x)
     Min.   1st Qu.    Median      Mean   3rd Qu.      Max.
-8.359695 -1.349914 -0.014586 -0.005547  1.339879  8.318011
[1] 1.994003  # aprx sigma.x = 2

hist(x, prob=T, col="skyblue2",
     main="Histogram of Sample from NORM(0, 2) with Density")
curve(dnorm(x, 0, 2), add=T, col="red")

Similarly, for $Y,$ but without the graph, we get:
summary(y); sd(y)
     Min.   1st Qu.    Median      Mean   3rd Qu.      Max.
-9.607853 -1.505329 -0.006414  0.001022  1.500837 10.620498
[1] 2.235846  # aprx sigma.y = sqrt(5) = 2.236

Finally, if you add simulated vectors of values x and y, you will simulate the distribution of
$$Z = X+Y \sim
\mathsf{Norm}(\mu=0,\sigma=\sqrt{4+5} = 3),$$
Thus, a data summary of z will show $\bar Z \approx 0$ and $S_Y \approx 3.$
z = x + y
summary(z);  sd(z)
      Min.    1st Qu.     Median       Mean    3rd Qu.       Max.
-13.299918  -2.027446  -0.003853  -0.004525   2.010361  12.703835
[1] 2.994405  # aprx sigma.z = 3

hist(z, prob=T, col="skyblue2",  ylim=c(0,.13),
     main="Histogram of Sample from NORM(0, 3) with Density")
curve(dnorm(x, 0, 3), add=T, col="red")

Notes: In case you are interested in details of R, here are a few.
(1) Normal probability functions in R, (such as rnorm to simulate and density dnorm, use the standard deviation $\sigma$ instead of the variance $\sigma^2.$
(2) If you are going to superimpose a density function on a histogram, then the histogram needs to be a 'density histogram'. This requires parameter prob=T in hist.
(3) The R procedure curve to plot a function requires the argument of the function always to be written as x--- regardless of the context.
(4) The parameter ylim=c(0,.13) of the procedure hist makes the plotting window tall enough to
accommodate the density curve without cutting off
its mode.
(5) When you write x + y in R for two vectors of the same length (here length $10^5 = 100,000)$ then R takes the
element-wise sum, yielding a vector of the same length.
The table below shows the first six out of 100,000 such additions.
head(cbind(x, y, z))
              x          y          z
[1,]  0.7539442  1.0037551  1.7576993
[2,]  0.6030967  0.2978469  0.9009436
[3,] -2.1960463  3.9858896  1.7898433
[4,] -2.2608118 -3.0263022 -5.2871140
[5,] -5.5930686  3.8786439 -1.7144247
[6,]  1.4411470  0.3790924  1.8202394

A: I feel like the other answers so far have not been completely clear on why you must reuse the same samples that you obtained for $X$ and $Y$: this is necessary to obtain a sample of $(X,Y,Z)$ which has the correct joint distribution.
If $X$ and $Y$ are independent (that wasn't explicit in the question), then:
 $$\text{Cov}(X,Z) = \text{Cov}(X,X+Y)=\text{Cov}(X,X)=\text{Var}(X)=4$$
We then have $\text{Cor}(X,Z) = 2/3$, so $X$ and $Z$ are definitely not independent. Then, intuitively, the method you use to sample $Z$ must use your existing samples for $X$ and $Y$ in one way or another.
If we compare both approaches (using the same $X$ and $Y$, or new $X$ and $Y$):
set.seed(123)

x <- rnorm(1000, 0, sqrt(4))
y <- rnorm(1000, 0, sqrt(5))
z <- x + y

x_new <- rnorm(1000, 0, sqrt(4))
y_new <- rnorm(1000, 0, sqrt(5))
z_new <- x_new + y_new

par(mfrow=c(1,2))
plot(x,z, main = paste0("Same sample: sample correlation = ", format(cor(x,z),digits=3)))
plot(x,z_new, main = paste0("New sample: sample correlation = ", format(cor(x,z_new),digits=3)))
par(mfrow=c(1,1))

We get the following plots:
On the left, reusing the same sample of $X$ and $Y$ yields a correlation between $X$ and $Z$ which is roughly what we expected (2/3). It's not shown here but it also has the correct joint distribution of $Y$ and $Z$, and the full $(X,Y,Z)$.
On the right, the correlation is roughly zero. Using new samples of $X$ and $Y$ completely destroys the dependence structure with $Z$.

A: If $Z=X+Y$, and you have $X$ and $Y$, then just sum them, that's the simulation for $Z$.


The State of Emergency in Egypt: An Exception or Rule?
The presidential decree issued on October 10, 2017 re-declaring state of emergency for three months, raised widespread debate. This decree was the third of its kind in 2017. Egypt has a long history of exceptional laws (the emergency law being among the most prominent of them). Since the 1952 Officers Movement, Egypt has been governed for decades by many regulations and exceptional laws that are considered a violation of public law. Public law is all general legislations issued by parliament to regulate public affairs based on honoring the rights and freedoms of individual citizens. Public law is normally applied by the regular (non-military and non-exceptional) judiciary.
With the meteoric rise of Islamic political movements in 2011, the issue of Sharia law has come to the forefront of a debate around the role of religion in governance. In his issue brief "Islam and Sharia Law," Atlantic Council's Nonresident Fellow Yussef Auf identifies and explains the challenges of incorporating Sharia law into the legal framework of modern governments, using the example of Egypt to enumerate the difficulties of codifying religious doctrine into law. Auf discusses how Sharia law attempts to regulate public life in three different domains: political governance, the Islamic legal system, and the economic system.
The Atlantic Council's Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East launched this spring a network of nonresident fellows. Based in the Middle East and North Africa, the network brings to the Council new perspectives and locally driven analysis on the processes of change and transition in the Arab world.
Egypt has remained without an elected president since last July 3, when its military removed former president Mohamed Morsi from office amid widespread popular demonstrations. Former defense minister Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, who led Morsi's ouster and initially denied presidential ambitions, announced his candidacy on March 27 and is expected to soundly defeat his sole opponent, Nasserist Hamdeen Sabbahi, in the May 26-27 polls. On May 15, the Atlantic Council hosted a panel discussion on the upcoming vote and what it means for Egypt's near-term future. Amy Hawthorne, a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council's Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East, moderated an expert discussion among Yussef Auf, an Egyptian judge and nonresident fellow at the Atlantic Council, Michael Hanna, senior fellow at The Century Foundation, and H.A. Hellyer, nonresident fellow at The Brookings Institution.
On May 13, the Atlantic Council's Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East held an event to release a new issue brief, "Egypt's Litigious Transition: Judicial Intervention and the Muddied Road to Democracy." Director of the Rafik Hariri Center Michele Dunne moderated a discussion with the author Mahmoud Hamad, who is assistant professor at Drake University and Cairo University, and Yussef Auf, a nonresident fellow with the Hariri Center, who joined via Skype.


text:
HomeFootball
Lobos take Rio Grande Rivalry 42-25
Isabel Gonzalez 1 September 16, 2018 12:27 am
The University of New Mexico Lobos took down their rivals from the south 42-25 on Saturday night for the battle of the Rio Grande at Las Cruces. New Mexico State was coming in with back-to-back wins in the last two meetings with UNM, but the Lobos broke the streak and now return to the 505 with a winning record of 2-1. The Aggies are now at 0-4.
It was a slow start for the visiting the team as the Aggies had taken a 14-0 lead only four minutes and 10 seconds into the game. The first quarter ended with a 17-7 lead for NMSU, but the Lobos managed to turn things around during the second period.
Ahmari Davis was the first to record a touchdown for the Lobos. He scored another one when the clock read 10:40 in the second quarter to cut the deficit to 14-17. Davis scored both of these with one-yard runs. However, he didn't stop there. Davis finished the night with four touchdowns, one in each quarter, all from runs.
Tyrone Owens was the second Lobo to score. With his 6-yard run, he gave UNM a lead that they wouldn't lose for the rest of the night. Owens led UNM with 110 rushing yards. New Mexico entered the third quarter with a 21-7 lead. Davis' third touchdown was the only score seen during this period. He scored the first one of the final quarter but the very last touchdown of the night went to Marcus Hayes.
Hayes scored from a 60-yard interception, which was a good way to represent how the tables had turned as the Aggies' first touchdown had been from the third play of the day and Sheriron Jones' first pass being intercepted. New Mexico intercepted a total of five NMSU passes throughout the night, this is the most for the program since the Lobos defeated San Diego State in a 30-7 win in October 2003.
For Jones, the following was true: it's not how you start, but how you finish. The victory was specially good for him as he entered the season as the third-string quarterback.
Great early Birthday gift. Thanks to my teammates.. love y'all boys..
— Sheriron Jønes 😎👻 (@gullyboyjonezy) September 16, 2018
This was the 29th victory for the Lobos in Las Cruces. New Mexico now leads the overall series 71-33-5. Next up is bye week for the Lobos. Their next game is at home on Sept. 29 as they host Liberty.
Instant Highlights: Watch @UNMLoboFB defeat New Mexico State, 42-25! #MWFB #UNMvsNMST pic.twitter.com/OjT4T6GVRR
— Mountain West (@MountainWest) September 16, 2018
Lobos look to extend winning streak as they host Rio Grande Rivalry game
Lobos rushing for first MW win
Lobo offense explodes for a 62-30 win in season opener
Fishbein after C-USA opener loss: "It's gut-wrenching"
Red Rally
UNM Class of 1972 4 years ago
Great article, Isabel and Happy Birthday Sheriron.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


COMMENT | I do not think that the problems of the Malays are that they are not unified; I think the problem of the Malays is that they have no real choices when it comes to "Malay" leadership. Race and religion is the basis for all "Malay" political parties and Malay politicians are hampered by these two imperatives – or so they say – which makes it impossible to have a greater Malay polity that is progressive and egalitarian.
The opposition has defined this upcoming election as the election that could save Malaysia from becoming a failed state. Opposition political parties are blindly chasing the Malay vote hoping for regime change. Meanwhile, the rhetoric from the Malay establishment is indecisive and cautious because of the Malay political players involved.


An experienced multi-unit operator will decide quite quickly if they think the brand is offering something exciting that the public will like and then they will drill into the figures to see if it's worth their while - it's rarely a long decision making process.
That may seem quite cold and calculating to some, but these investors aren't buying into a dream of being their own boss - they've already done that and know franchising works for them.
For the most part, however, prospective franchisees are looking for a chance to go into business for themselves with the added comfort of a proven business system and the ongoing support of a franchisor. If you fall into this category and are currently assessing franchise opportunities, then here are some questions you will want your prospective franchisor to answer. Many of them will be addressed in the marketing literature you'll have been sent prior to speaking to or meeting with the franchise recruitment team. But you'll want to expand on those answers until you're satisfied with the answers and explanations given.
The following list of questions is by no means exhaustive, but it should help you in the first meeting to establish a feel for the company and the people you'll be dealing with.
Consider what kind of culture you want to be in? Are you looking for a kind, nurturing environment or a highly competitive one? Do you want a lot of support or to be left alone to run your own business?
Once you've decided if you and the brand are a good fit, you can then get into greater specifi cs about what's in the franchise agreement and how much money you might make.
How long has it been trading?
How did your fi rst franchisee perform?
How many franchisees/ territories do you have?
How many franchisees/ territories do you want?
Does the company still operate any non-franchised territories?
How many franchisees have left the network?
Find out how many failed, how many didn't renew and how many were exited from the network by the franchisor.
What is your vision for the business for the next five and 10 years? Establish if the business is likely to stand still or evolve, offer new products or services, refresh its brand, adopt new methods, etc. How will you feel about this if/ when it happens? Would you still want to be part of it? Do you feel the franchisor's ambitions for the future match your own, as this will be at least a five-year commitment for you?
Who are your biggest competitors and what are their strengths and weaknesses?
What are your biggest strengths and weaknesses as a company?
Are there any opportunities or challenges currently facing your sector or business, or are there any on the horizon?
Are you active in your sector (eg, trade associations, awards, sponsorships, steering groups, media contributor)?
Do you belong to a franchise association? Why? Why not?
Tell me about the franchise support team? What are their roles? Find out about the career backgrounds of the people who will be responsible for supporting you and your business.
Who would be my main contact as a franchisee? Where are they located?
How do you communicate with the network? Establish things like how often you'll see the franchisor, how and why? Are there meetings - face to face, regional, national?
Is there a franchisee council? Try to get an impression of whether the franchisor sees this as a good thing or a necessary evil. Ask for examples of the positive effect it has had.
Tell me about the initial training programme. How has it developed over the years? How often is it reviewed? Get a sense of whether or not the franchisor is proactive or reactive in terms of how it supports its franchisees at the beginning.
Is there a structure to the ongoing support you offer or is it ad hoc? How do you help underachieving franchisees?
How do you help your top performing franchisees?
The answers to the last two questions should reveal a lot about the franchisor/franchisee relationship and culture. Is it a case of sink or swim? Is it a hands off approach or are franchisees encouraged and supported to grow their businesses?
Some brands will have reward and recognition programmes for their networks designed to continually motivate franchisees to keep pushing.
Do any of your franchisees have multiple territories? Has it worked out well for them? Is it encouraged?
What are the attributes of your most successful franchisees? This will give you a good idea of how well the franchisor actually knows its franchisees. Do the answers go further than: "They work harder than everyone else and they follow the system"?
While these questions are more about establishing a fit for you in terms of personality, ethics, drive and culture, they will also help you decide if this franchisor is likely to offer you that 'something extra' you're looking for from buying a franchise, as opposed to starting your own business from scratch.
Is its aspirations for you in line with your own? Is the franchisor going to help you get to where you want to go?
There are hundreds more questions to ask and things for you to get to the bottom of, but here's one last piece of advice: never forget that securing your perfect franchise isn't only your decision to make.
A good franchisor will be scrutinising you from the first email or phone call. You want a franchisor who cares as much about making the right decision as you do - and the best ones always do.
Suzie McCafferty founded Platinum Wave in 2010, after gaining more than 10 years' experience in the engine room of franchising, first as a franchisor who built her own retail brand from a single store to a network of over 60 outlets in six countries, then as the franchise director and board member of a multi-million pound division of a recruitment plc. She is the chairperson of the British Franchise Association's Scottish regional forum.


New Diver and Nitrox Diver Today!
Thank you very much Chris for taking Open Water Diver Course and Nitrox Course with Go Dive Lanta.
See you in few month for Advanced Open Water Diver Course.
Thank you very much Stephen who takes Enriched Air Nitrox Course with Go Dive Lanta.
Nitrox is a different blending of oxygen that extends your dive time at certain depths.
You will learn how to plan your dives safely, analyze your tank blends.
See you in January 2010.


text:
Q: How should the 'System Use' field be interpreted in a 'Directory Record'? In the ECMA 119 specifications (freely available here), I am trying to understand how to fetch the content of the System Use field:

How is one supposed to compute the length of the System Use field, i.e. how is the value of the LEN_SU found in the left column ?

A: The value of LEN_SU is given implicitly. From BP1 you know the total number of bytes in the directory record (LEN_DR). LEN_SU is then given (implicitly) as the bytes remaining in the directory record after 33+LEN_FI+possible_padding(1), where you get length LEN_FI from BP33.
Hence
LEN_SU = LEN_DR - (33+LEN_FI+possible_padding(1))

From the spec.:

Padding Field [BP (34 + LEN_FI)]
This field shall be present in the
  Directory Record only if the number in the Length of the File
  Identifier field is an even number.
System Use [BP (LEN_DR - LEN_SU + 1) to LEN_DR)
This field shall be
  optional. If present, this field shall be reserved for system use. Its
  content is not specified by this Standard. If necessary, so that the
  Directory Record comprises an even number of bytes, a (00) byte shall
  be added to terminate this field.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The ES-345 was introduced shortly after the ES-335. The ES-345 differed from the 335 in its inclusion of a Vari-tone tone selector circuit, split-parallelogram inlays, stereo output, and gold hardware. While the ES-345 was original envisioned as an upgraded version of the ES-335, classic 335s are more desirable on the vintage market. The full catalog name for the ES-345 is the ES-345TD.


text:
18K Yellow Gold Sapphire, Topaz & Tsavorite Earrings at Saks Fifth Avenue
Baby's Logo Hoodie at Saks Fifth Avenue
Gucci Sunglasses, GG0204SK at Macy's
Gucci Premiere Eau de Parfum Spray, 1 oz. at Macy's
Gucci Guilty Black Eau de Toilette, 2.5 oz at Macy's
Padlock Gucci Tian Shoulder Bag at Saks Fifth Avenue
58MM Square Sunglasses at Saks Fifth Avenue
Medium Dionysus Crystal-Embellished Suede Chain Shoulder Bag at Saks Fifth Avenue
G-Timeless Blooms Leather Strap Watch at Saks Fifth Avenue
Marmont Logo Leather Belt at Saks Fifth Avenue
GG Logo Belt Mini Skirt at Saks Fifth Avenue
GG 2.0 Medium Quilted Leather Shoulder Bag at Saks Fifth Avenue
Leather Bi-Fold Wallet at Saks Fifth Avenue
G-Timeless Signature Watch at Saks Fifth Avenue
Silky Varsity Track Jacket at Saks Fifth Avenue
Girl's Leather Loafers at Saks Fifth Avenue
Princetown Roaring Tiger Slippers at Saks Fifth Avenue
New Ace Black Panther Patch Leather Sneaker at Saks Fifth Avenue
Bee Stainless Steel & Striped Nylon Strap Watch at Saks Fifth Avenue
Wolf Stainless Steel & Striped Nylon Strap Watch at Saks Fifth Avenue
Bee Goldtone Stainless Steel & Striped Nylon Strap Watch at Saks Fifth Avenue
Embroidered Bee Goldtone Stainless Steel & Leather Strap Watch at Saks Fifth Avenue
Colorblock Logo T-Shirt at Saks Fifth Avenue
Prev 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Next


A complete analysis of the low-frequency (LF-) noise is performed on resistive FET mixers, where LF-noise is created due to the self-mixing process of the local oscillator. First, a new scaleable noise model for field-effect transistors in ohmic channel bias regime (Uds ≈ 0V) has been developed, which uses fluctuating resistances, instead of noise voltage or noise current sources. Measurements on a hybrid, single-ended mixer prove a good accuracy of the proposed model and reveal a method to distinguish between the different noise sources. Almost complete cancellation of the low frequency noise can be achieved by proper operation.


text:
Prosthetic valve endocarditis
Ann Intern Med. 1975 Jun;82(6):751-6. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-82-6-751.
W R Wilson, P M Jaumin, G K Danielson, E R Giuliani, I I Washington JA, J E Geraci
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-82-6-751
From January 1963 until January 1974, 45 patients had prosthetic valve endocarditis. Symptoms of prosthetic valve endocarditis developed within 2 months after operation (early onset) in 16 patients (36%) and more than 2 months after operation (late onset) in 29 patients (64%). Overall mortality among the 45 patients was 56% (88% among those with early onset and 40% among those with late onset). Medical therapy alone was curative in 60% of the surviving patients. Combined medical and surgical therapy was curative in 40% of the survivors. The most frequent isolates in the early-onset group were Staphylococcus aureus (44%) and Gram-negative bacilli (38%); associated mortality was 86% and 83%, respectively. The most frequent isolates in the late-onset group were viridans streptococci (41%) and Gram-negative bacilli (31%); the mortality was 25% and 22% respectively. Suggestions are offered for operative antimicrobial prophylaxis and for medical and surgical treatment of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Prompt surgical replacement of an infected prosthesis is necessary when medical therapy fails.
Bacteria / isolation & purification
Blood / microbiology
Candida / isolation & purification
Embolism / etiology
Endocarditis, Bacterial / etiology*
Endocarditis, Bacterial / mortality
Endocarditis, Bacterial / therapy
Heart Murmurs
Heart Valve Prosthesis / adverse effects*
Shock, Septic / etiology
Splenomegaly / etiology
Staphylococcus / isolation & purification
Streptococcus / isolation & purification


text:
We at CPF boast of a dedicated pool of volunteers and team members comprising of industry experts, students, skilled professionals and academicians who are constantly working to develop tools and software's which help ensure and aid in achieving our objective of cyber harmony. The research is focused to aid and facilitate the objectives of Law Enforcement Officials, Government, Academic Institutions and Organisations.
Our Research Wings
ekawach
Cyber Peace Research Center
"e-Kawach – the e-shield for national and state cybersecurity"
e-Kawach is an initiative of CyberPeace Foundation (CPF) in collaboration with Foreign & Commonwealth Office to implement 24 honeypots across the country. A honeypot is an infrastructure to capture traffic to analyse the threats and attacks that a location faces. The Objective is to setup a comprehensive public network and sensors to capture and analyse internet attack traffic and build credible intelligence in the domain of cybersecurity pertaining to critical infrastructure, which would be then shared with appropriate government and public agencies in the country.
A C&C (Command and Control) server has been setup in Ranchi and the hardware is in place to pull logs and data from all the locations. Backend analytics and reporting system for the entire system has also been developed. The technology is novel and has been developed in-house and is at the stage of licensing to organisations
CyberPeace Research Center / Center of Excellence(CoE), formerly know as E-Raksha Reseach Center is a 'Community Driven Collaborative Open Source Framework for Research and Development' for academia.
The idea is to bring together loosely coupled engineering research groups on cyber space specifically cyber security. It's an end-to-end framework for cyber security research which will have working groups, open source repository and a collaboration platform, first of its kind developed by the community for the community.
Our Vision is to create a bed of research in academic organisations comprising of participation from academia, industry, government and civil society organizations to nurture and support ideas and solutions and develop innovations in cyber space through research. The aim is to address and solve the challenges and problems in the cyber space, thereby making cyber space stable and safe for everyone. The Cyber Peace CoE is a plug and play model of research and innovation in academic campus wherein the participant (Industry, Government, Civil Society Organization, Individual) join hands for innovation and research. Having said that the idea is to get the problem statements from the participants and develop solutions utilizing the academic resources.
The COE is formed within any academic organization comprising the team from the academic organization (students, professors) who will work with the support of CPF COE team and they carry out research on the problem statements which can come from Industry, Academia, Government or any other source.


Historic monuments represent our heritage and celebrate history. Whether a war was won or a loved one was lost, monuments commemorate these historic events. Every memorial encapsulates a remarkable occurrence.
Not only this, monuments have inspired countless architectural innovations. These historical structures are no less than astonishing pieces of art. They are grand, glorious and capture the essence of the bygone era.
Natural elements are inevitable. Rain, wind or something more drastic like an earthquake can cause major and unavoidable damage to monuments. These weathering processes can weaken the outer layer of a sandstone monument or even cause major structural damage.
Isn't man notorious for destruction? Whether it's our architectural legacy or mother earth, we are causing some serious damage. Pollution and acid rain have major impact on the condition of the monuments. Not only do they affect the physical appearance but also lead to chemical alterations. Acid rain in particular has corrosive effect on marble and limestone structures.
Monuments are prone to vandalism, illegal inhabitants and lack of protective regulations.
Architectural conservators have expert rehabilitation techniques. Prior to this they require heritage stone testing and evaluation to determine its properties. This helps them in developing an informed conservation plan. Timely restoration can add several years to the life of these structures.
The restoration can be physical or chemical. The professional conservators carry out physical restorations to fix structural damages and chemical treatments to protect the monuments from the changing climate.
A country's government plays a key role in conservation of monuments and memorials. They take initiatives to restore these structures. They propose regulations regarding public access to prevent human trespassing and vandalism. Heavy fines and penalties are put into place for those trespassing or vandalising.
It is essential to educate the public regarding the significance of these structures and encourage them to contribute their efforts and resources for restoration projects.
Conducting cleanliness drives to encourage public participation is an excellent method to get the general public involved.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) selects World Heritage Sites, which are legally protected by international treaties. These landmarks or areas have cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance. The programme catalogues, names, and conserves sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common culture and heritage of humanity.
It is just not the responsibility of the government or international organisations to protect these monuments. The heritage structures belong to all of us and represent our culture and history.
We should discourage trespassing, loitering, scribbling and other forms of vandalism. It is our responsibility to to protect and preserve these historic sites for the benefit of the present and the future generations.
All these historic landmarks reflect how far humanity has come. They are a representation of our culture, art and human intellect. These special monuments hold religious, economic and political significance. But unfortunately, due to a variety of factors they are closer to their demise.
So the right time to take action is now! We cannot let these notable structures turn to dust. We have to protect our legacy and preserve it for our future generations to admire and appreciate.
Previous story Is Palm Sugar / Coconut Sugar Bad For Us & The Environment?


text:
home > news > Automobiles > Google Autonomous Vehicle Suffers 1st Injury Accident
Google Autonomous Vehicle Suffers 1st Injury Accident
Once again, rear-ended as other driver is distracted.
Google said one of its autonomous vehicles was recently involved in the 14th accident, but the first involving injuries.
Sometimes, it seems, there's nothing that even the smartest cars can do. Yet again, a Google autonomous vehicle was rear-ended, apparently due to a distracted driver. The 14th accident involving one of the self-driving vehicles, it also marked the first involving injuries.
The July 1 crash occurred near the tech giant's home of Mountain View, California, and saw three employees in the autonomous vehicle go to the hospital due to what's been described as "minor" whiplash. The driver of the other vehicle also suffered some minor injuries.
Your Informed Source!
"The clear theme is human error and inattention," Chris Urmson, head of the Google autonomous vehicle program, wrote on his blog. "We'll take all this as a signal that we're starting to compare favorably with human drivers."
Google has been testing autonomous technology for a number of years, initially using modified Toyota and Lexus vehicles, and so far clocking about 1.9 million miles. It is just beginning to roll out the first of what will be 100 specially designed vehicles that will be used around its Silicon Valley headquarters.
The program generated headlines earlier this year when it was revealed that more than a dozen crashes have occurred involving the original test fleet. In all instances, according to Urmson – and backed by crash reports – the other driver has been blamed. With the latest crash, the Google vehicles has been rear-ended in 11 of the 14 incidents.
The latest occurred at a speed estimated at 17 mph. It was enough to knock the front bumper off the other vehicle. Sensors onboard the Google vehicle show that the other car did not brake.
"Our self-driving cars are being hit surprisingly often by other drivers who are distracted and not paying attention to the road," wrote Urmson. "That's a big motivator for us."
In an interview with the Associated Press, Urmson said Google is now considering ways to alert other drivers who may become distracted to help avoid such rear-end collisions.
(Drivers cool to the idea of self-driving cars. For more, Click Here.)
Google isn't alone. A growing number of automakers have begun using forward collision warning systems, some capable of automatically applying the brakes if the driver fails to respond when a crash becomes likely. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety reports such technology is already having a significant effect on reducing accidents, and federal regulators are considering the idea of making such systems mandatory.
Forward collision warning is already a key element of autonomous vehicle technology – which many believe will begin to reach production by early in the next decade. Some makers, such as Cadillac, Nissan and Mercedes-Benz, hope to introduce semi-autonomous features to their products as soon as 2016.
(Click Here for more about Ford's plans for autonomous vehicles.)
While skeptics question how effective the technology will be – and warn of potential problems – proponents insist that the more autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles there are on the road the fewer accidents will occur.
"Our self-driving cars can pay attention to hundreds of objects at once, 360 degrees in all directions, and they never get tired, irritable or distracted," wrote Urmson.
(To see more about Audi's commitment to self-driving technology on the next-gen A8, Click Here.)
Quoting the book, Traffic: Why We Drive the Way We Do, by Sheila Klauer, of the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Urmson added, "People, on the other hand, 'drive as if the world is a television show viewed on TiVo that can be paused in real time – one can duck out for a moment, grab a beer from the fridge, and come back to right where they left off without missing a beat.'"
4 responses to "Google Autonomous Vehicle Suffers 1st Injury Accident"
You have to wonder why Google's AVs are involved in so many accidents? Concluding that Google's AVs are doing better than humans is typical hyperbole. AVs can monitor the situation 360 degrees but they still can't prevent injuries as this example shows.
How many of the accidents may have been avoidable by a competent driver? Probably a number as I avoid ridiculous accident situations almost daily that few if any AV could avoid.
GT101 says:
There will be more Google and other AV supplier accidents. Is NHTSA investigating these accidents so there is independent analysis?
DWH says:
The lesson to be taken is with the new corvette. A fantastic car with a bunch of driver assisted systems that make the average driver a far better driver than without them. But for the professional race driver only a few could do better without them than the assisted average driver. The exceptional race driver can outdrive the assisted driver but it becomes much harder to out drive the assisted vehicle in variable weather conditions with out abs and traction control turned on.
That is what allows what was a race car with 600 horse power 30 years ago to be a everyday driver today. Barring insurance rates! Some people should never drive a car! No matter if they can afford them.
Pingback: Google's Robot Car Crashed, Blame the Humans - AutoTribute


Integrated Motion Outsole, Flex Welt, and StitchpteTM knit support unrestricted movement and flexib..
Diesel denim jeansExposed p and p-fly fastening at frontSpm-fit, skinny, mid-rise, faded wash and w..
DetailsWith their signature Yummie hug, these cotton-blend leggings comfortably enhance your curves ..
BOSS cotton shirtExposed p fastenings at frontStraight-point collarTwo-p barrel cuffsSpm-fit, long ..
Bilponaire Boys Club cotton-jersey hoodyPulls onHood with paisley print, long sleeves, branded logo..
ba&sh crepe dressConcealed popper-fastening at front V-neck, long sleeves, fully pleated skirt, all..
Isabel Marant Étoile crepe dressConcealed zip fastening at backRound neck, short sleeves, pleat at ..
ba&sh crepe dressExposed p-fastening at front and concealed zip fastening at sideV-neck, long sleev..
Philosophy di Lorenzo Serafini crepe dressConcealed zip fastening at backDeep V-neck, sleeveless, r..
Sandro crepe dressConcealed zip fastening at sideV-neck, long sleeves, ped cuffs, diamante details ..
Zadig & Voltaire crepe dressExposed p-fastening at frontV-neck, lace at neckpne, long sleeves, pipi..
Maje crepe dressExposed zip fastening at frontStand collar, dropped shoulders, three quarter-length..
Philosophy by Lorenzo Serafini lace and crepe dressConcealed zip fastening at backV-neck, long puff..
Whistles crepe dressConcealed zip fastening at backV-neck, long sleeves, all-over print, spp pocket..


And a girl rear ended him.
Now my neck and upper back hurt.
New year isn't starting out too swell.
Heading to the doctor tomorrow to see if I'm ok.
Not like on each other...like on tests and stuff?
What in the hell is the point?
You either know it or you don't.
What are you gaining by cheating?
No knowledge is gained by cheating.
So if you cheat all your life...what happens when you get to the real deal?
And then look like a complete idiot without an answer.
Hope that all is okay with your back and neck. What'd the doctor say?
I hope that you are feeling better, Carrie...get well soon!


text:
Print & Ephemera
African-American Aesthetics: Links to the Past, Directions for the Future
On March 28th, the Black to the Future program series, organized to explore issues of racial identity, concluded with a panel discussion entitled "African-American Aesthetics: Links to the Past, Directions for the Future." The panelists included Lisa Jones, who, in addition to working with performance artist Alva Rogers, was a writer and filmmaker who collaborated with Spike Lee on his films, "She's Gotta Have It" and "School Daze;" Judith Wilson, critic and professor of art history at Syracuse University; Nelson George, music critic for Billboard Magazine; and Geroge C. Wolfe, playwright, best known for the internationally acclaimed "The Colored Museum." Kellie Jones, Visual Arts Director at the Jamaica Arts Center and the program's organizer, moderated the discussion.1
Judith Wilson
Kellie Jones
Related Exhibitions & Public Programs
Alva Rogers in Performance
March 21 1989 at 19:30
"The Unedited Robert Colescott"
Robert Colescott: A Retrospective
February 24 – April 16 1989


So you have decided to head to New Zealand but can't decide how to do it? There are plenty of accommodation choices to suit all tastes but here's a few great reasons to camp on your trip around New Zealand (and we'd highly recommend doing it with Flying Kiwi).
New Zealand is an outdoor paradise and there is no better way to immerse yourself in it than camping. With an excellent variety of camps in stunning locations you get access to views and locations other accommodation options just can't match!
Kiwis love to camp just as much as those visiting from foreign shores. The country is therefore set up with an excellent range of well-run and well provisioned campsites - from family run parks to remote department of conservation campsites we have spent 30 years researching and revisiting the best sites in the country.
Whilst camping in some countries might hold the prospect of unwanted visitors in your tent New Zealand is free from dangerous animals. Whilst you might be woken by birdsong or hear the distant bleating of sheep you can enjoy a good nights rest knowing that we get little more than a few noisy sheep in NZ!
One of the best parts of any camping experience is lying out under the vast night skies. As one of the best spots in the World for star gazing NZ is the perfect place to get away from the towns and light pollution to enjoy some of the clearest stars you'll ever see.
It's well documented that spending more time outdoors helps you emotional, physical and mental health. Relaxing and enjoying the simple pleasures of natural beauty, great company (and a few cheeky wines) is the perfect recipe for a holiday that will leave you refreshed.
Getting away from the towns and cities and away from smartphones, computer and other electronics ensures you just sit back, relax and enjoy your surroundings. Our carefully selected campsites are never as busy as the towns, hotels and hostels and give you the space to absorb the best of this amazing country. Wake up to ocean views, sleep to the sound of the ocean and watch the sunset over the snow-capped mountains - sounds good doesn't it?
Camping saves you money vs. staying in crowded hostel dorms or hotels. Use that money to enjoy more activities, more food, more wine or just save it for your next trip. Our trips work out around $NZ40 per day cheaper than alternative hostel based tours but we include even more meals - even if you decide to upgrade to cabins you'll still save money.
Whilst our trips focus on camping we appreciate that sometimes its nice to treat yourself to a bit of rural luxury. That's why we offer upgrades to cabins, available at most campgrounds - subject to availability. Also the chance to stay in centrally located hostels when we visit the larger cities. It's the perfect compromise for those who don't want to camp every night but love the idea of experiencing more of the outdoors.


text:
Title: Damping of plates with attached fluid or elastic layers
Author: Chow, Leung Choi
Awarding Body: University of Southampton
Current Institution: University of Southampton
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52269/
The thesis is in three parts. The first is a theoretical and experimental investigation of squeeze-film damping on plates separated by gas, for example. air. For this study a thick excited plate was attached to an auxiliary plate parallel to the surface, thereby trapping a thin layer of air. Relative vibration of these two plates pumps this air at high velocities, resulting in energy loss due to air viscosity. The theory employs an impedance approach to predict the loss factor of the coupled plates. Below the excited plate critical frequency the damping is controlled by gas pumping, while above the critical frequency the plate couplings are the controlling factor. Theoretical predictions were compared with experimental measurements. A brief examination of the bolting effect on the loss factor was also conducted. The second part is a theoretical and experimental investigation of squeeze-film damping on plates separated by heavy fluid, for example, oil. The attached plate can be either perforated or unperforated. The ratio of fluid dynamic viscosity to density controls the losses. Viscosity was artificially increased by inserting porous materials into the oil layer. The properties of the porous materials were obtained from macroscopic flow resistance measurements. Theoretical modelling of the loss factor of these layered configurations with oil alone and with oil impregnated porous material were conducted using the impedance approach and compared with experimental measurements. The third part is a theoretical and experimental investigation of granular infill damping treatments on plates. Sand was used in the experiments and the bulk and shear elastic constants were measured when the sand was subjected to varying hydrostatic pressures. Both the dilatational and rotational motions in the granular layer were considered and the loss factor predictions were compared with measured results.
Supervisor: Pinnington, R. J. Sponsor: Not available
Keywords: TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)


I was invited to view Pauline Hudson's work which was on display, at the time in the Taupo Quay School of Arts. On meeting Pauline, I was discussing it with her in order to say what a lot of work had gone into it. I was keen to get at her intentions behind he work, was fully aware of the time and insperation that had gone into it's display and presentation etc. We talked about the mysticism in the work, at how topical it was to my mind, because of this sudden outburst that has hit the western world with the resurgence of "The Lord of The Rings" , "Harry Potter" etc.. The return in fashion, in colour schemes and music to the magical "seventes" and late "sixties". I was amazed at her dilligence in executing the work and its layout but I was even more amazed that she had received such low marks for it, D minus, I believe. In my opinion, it would have to be a very rough, uninspired, lack-a-daisical work of art to be marked so lowly that it jeopardised four years of work, three of which had been marked with passing grades. Surely when a student has spent four years' of dedication and student fees and is obviously genuine, the marking panel or whomever has the final say or assessment, is not there to fail that student. Any University Professor would tell his students in his times of reassurence that very remark "We are not here to fail you!" It seems to me to be a mean-spirited mark, a D minus for all that work and dedication, a mark that would fail Pauline in the award of a degree by one subjective point.
I believe that there needs to be a reassessment with a more objective view of what she has endeavored to express.
My own experience of 40 years of the ups and downs of bronze sculpture and fashions, my own country's acknowlegement of my judgment by awarding me with a Q.S.M and 1990 Commemoration Award, both awards for the arts, tells me that Pauline deserves a pass at the very least.


text:
Seven Eagle Scouts from One Cabrini Troop
In 2006, a remarkable group of boys at Saint Frances Cabrini joined Cub Scouts. This year, seven of them, all from Troop 796, have become Eagle Scouts.
The odds of this happening are pretty amazing. Only 4% of Scouts nationwide earn the Boy Scouts' highest honor of Eagle Scout. But, these boys were special. Early on, their Cub Master Brian Metz asked them what they wanted to get out of scouting. Even then, these boys knew. They wanted to become Eagle Scouts, and they earned it.
Six of the boys started Cub Scouts together at Cabrini in 1st grade: Matthew Brune, Andrew Davis, Tyler Galante, Ben Heinen, Matthew Metz and Tristan Nordquist. The 7th boy, Hunter Frerichs, also started in 1st grade, but in Pennsylvania, where he lived. He joined the group in 6th grade, when his family moved to West Bend. Following 8th grade graduation, Hunter moved to Iowa and Matthew Brune moved to North Carolina, but both boys joined troops in their new cities, and remained active with Boy Scouts.
Early on, their Cub Master Brian Metz asked them what they wanted to get out of scouting. Even then, these boys knew. They wanted to become Eagle Scouts, and they earned it.
The boys were friends, and much of the work they did together, attending camps together, earning merit badges together and helping each other with their Eagle Projects. Over the last two years, each of them completed their Eagle Projects and the requirements needed to achieve the honor of Eagle Scout.
There are many requirements to become an Eagle Scout. Eagle Scout Project must be completed while being a Life Scout. A Scout must plan, develop, and give leadership to others in a service project helpful to a religious institution, school, or community other than the Boy Scouts of America. Prior to starting the project, he must obtain approval of the project proposal by the organization benefiting from the effort, the unit leader and unit committee, and the council or district. Here are the projects completed by these outstanding young men.
Matthew Brune led fellow Scouts and adult leaders to build three Rocker Water Pumps (RWP) that have been delivered to Sub-Saharan Africa. The pumps are powered by the body weight of a farmer or their family member standing on the pump and rocking back and forth. This pumps water up from 200 feet below ground, and distributes it out to two acres of land. The Full Belly Project designs and builds equipment including the RWP that empowers people to earn a living rather than just receiving aid.
Andrew Davis led the construction of the Mother Cabrini Heritage Wall. He created the design, presented the idea to the Pastoral Council, and coordinated with The Sign Shop. With the help of volunteers, Scouts, family members Mike and Tony Koebel, and a few brothers, he learned carpentry, and built the Heritage Wall which is located in the Mother Cabrini Hall at Saint Frances Cabrini Church. The project provides an excellent way for the Parish to honor its many dedicated members who donate for the betterment of the Church and the School.
Hunter Frerichs purchased and installed a PA system and flagpole light for an existing flagpole at the Clinton County Sportsman's Club in Dewitt, Iowa in the fall of 2017. This PA system is used by several area trap teams, and now the National Anthem is played before the start of every meet. His project also consisted of bringing in dirt to level out the ground along the edges of the concrete sidewalks, and organizing a group of 45 volunteers to clean up the trap fields.
Tyler Galante designed and built a Gaga Ball pit for St. Frances Cabrini School. Gaga Ball is similar to Dodge Ball, and can be played by anyone. It was a big hit for the students, who use the pit every day to play games during the recess. Tyler was very excited to help build something fun for the students at his old school.
Ben Heinen worked with Miller Monument to create an honorary wall for the West Bend Fire Department. The goal was to honor fire fighters, like his dad Mike Heinen, who served twenty plus years, as well as remember firefighters who died in the line of duty. The honorary wall had three existing plaques and has now added two new plaques full of names, mounted on granite monuments. In addition to the honorary wall, the project added a granite bench in memory of the firefighters who died in the line of duty, as well as landscaping around the project.
Matthew Metz spends quite a bit of time in the woods and wanted to help improve the Ice Age Trail System. He worked with the Wisconsin DNR and the Ice Age Trail Alliance to eradicate invasive Honeysuckle from the Pike Lake Segment. The Honeysuckle had started to take over large sections along the trail, choking out natural plants and trees. Matthew coordinated several volunteers to mark and remove the invasive plants. Several very dense areas of Honeysuckle were eliminated, and natural plants have been able to grow back in their place, making the trail more enjoyable for all who use it.
Tristan Nordquist worked with the West Bend Cemetery Association to fix or replace existing temporary flag holders. Along with the help of fellow Scouts, he fixed or replaced 75 service markers, making them permanent. These service markers also serve as flag holders and are used to recognize World War II, Korean War and Vietnam War veterans in the West Bend Cemetery. He completed this project in memory of his great-grandfather who served in the Navy during World War II.
Congratulations boys! We're proud of your achievements, and the fine young men you've become.
Thank you to Stephanie Nordquist for this wonderful story.


text:
Home > AUDIOVISUAL_FACULTY_WORK > 68
Performances, Events, and Presentations
The Memory of Husayn: the Drama of History and Ritual
Samer El- Karanshawy Honorary Research Fellow, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter
Description or Abstract
Little is more definitive of Twelver Shī'īsm than the commemoration of Imām Husayn, the grandson of the Prophet and the sect's third Imām. His memory is omnipresent; yet the height of its power is on 'Āshūrā', the 10th day of the hijrī calendar, when his martyrdom is believed to have taken place during the battle of Karbalā' (680 A.D./61A.H.). On this day of every year, the Twelver World is at a standstill, immersed in various rituals that bring the Imām's tragedy to life. The dramatic structure of the rituals of commemoration and the cathartic effect they have are plain to see, so is their political usage. However, behind the manipulation of the narrative of Karbalā', lies a struggle over interpretation. The talk will examine the ways in the which the memory of Husayn was born out of this interface between the oral and the written in early Muslim history and historiography, and the manners in which it was also shaped by the need for dramatization, whereby it is safe to argue that it was ritualization that wrote the "history", rather than the other way round.
Qahwa and Kalam
Arab & Islamic Civilizations Department
Preformance Date
El- Karanshawy, Samer Honorary Research Fellow, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, "The Memory of Husayn: the Drama of History and Ritual" (2019). Performances, Events, and Presentations. 68.
https://fount.aucegypt.edu/audiovisual_faculty_work/68


If you love comfort and are looking for a holiday home with a private pool, then keep on reading! This stunning holiday home lies in the vicinity of Svetvinčenat and about 15 km away from Fažana with its beaches. There's a swimming pool, large terraces that can be covered, garden furniture, barbecue, and there are no fewer than four parking spaces. Your holiday home has two floors that are connected by an outdoor staircase, and that are decorated identically. Indoors, you can enjoy the tranquility provided by the bright interior combined with the tile floor. It's modernly decorated and it is the ideal place for a perfect and carefree holiday. There are fully equipped kitchens, so you can make lovely meals for all the guests. You can also relax on the couch or enjoy a bite or a drink on one of the many terraces outside. Additionally, you can take a refreshing dive in the private pool. The town Fazana with its restaurants and shops lies about 15 km away. From Fazana you can take a ferry to the National Park Brioni, which is certainly recommended.


It's Time to Humanize Healthcare.
Using technology, Cloudbreak brings doctors to patients, services to hospitals, and expertise to infrastructure, so we can solve some of our industry's biggest challenges.
Your workflows. Our platform. A better solution. Cloudbreak's technology molds to your needs ensuring it accomplishes your program's goals.
Our trusted platform has celebrated many firsts, including being the first skills-based video routing platform to market. It allows you access through a single interface for a unified telemedicine experience.
With over 650 facilities, 5,400 video endpoints and 75,000 encounters a month, our network is optimized for telemedicine in both wired and wireless environments ensuring your call gets through at the times you need it most.
Connect with leading providers anywhere in the US who are licensed in your state, in specialties like telepsychiatry, teleneurology, telestroke, integrated language services and more.


Identical in every way to this release: John Williams (4), The London Symphony Orchestra - Star Wars but has a "Barnes & Noble Exclusive" hype sticker and different barcode number, both of which are stickers on the shrink.
First Cat# from label, second from sleeve.
Issued with insert with the list of each instrument and its performer.


It was one of those funny days - everything I tried to do - I hit road blocks. One huge one was when my monitor quit. It had been flickering for about a week and now it quit altogether! We tried another monitor on my computer and it worked fine - so my monitor is broken. We told Pres. F. and suggested that we go an buy one, but he told us to check with our Area PFR first. We contacted him and he said he had to forwarded our request to Church's ICS dept. and they would advise us as to how to proceed. So here it is Sat. and it's only just starting the weekend in Salt Lake, so we probably won't get any response until Monday!!! Fortunately, we were able to borrow the monitor from the Assts. computer so I am still able to do my work, but the Assts. don't have theirs. I got some of the orders done, but am hung up with the "On-line Store" one as I want it to go to an address different to the billing address. I'll try contacting them on Monday. The Elks came by with new bedding for the downstairs apartment 😊 The Assts. are doing a deep clean down their and it will be really nice to have the new bedding to replace the old smelly bedding. It's looking a lot better.


Guests are welcome to interact with the many animals on this hobby farm. They include Alpacas, lambs, cattle, free roaming Sebastopol geese and a variety of other poultry and of course the resident poodles "Peppie & Coco".
This accommodation is tranquil and yet entertaining, being only 7 minutes away from the major vineyards and 15 minutes away from Mudgee centre all via sealed road. Lismar Lodge Cottage is not specifically designed for guests with mobility problems but the main area is accessible for visitors in a wheelchair, the bathroom however is not step-in shower.
Lismar Lodge is a fully fenced property. Pets are welcome in the cottage but are not to be left on their own. Dogs are free to roam the whole property provided they are not aggressive towards the other farm animals and are properly supervised.
This fully renovated cottage is elegantly furnished and has all the modern comforts of a suburban flat. A brand new reverse cycle air conditioning gives you cooling in summer and toasty warm breakfast temperatures in winter. There is ample off-street parking space for cars and larger recreational vehicles.


Nearly 2,300 civilians were killed or wounded in suicide bombings and attacks in Afghanistan in 2017 – more than any previous year of the conflict, according to a UN report. The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) said on Thursday that civilian deaths across the country dipped by nine percent in 2017, with a total of 10,453 civilian casualties including 3,438 deaths and 7,015 wounded, AFP said. As the Taliban and Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS) have come under more pressure, they have increasingly carried out indiscriminate assaults in cities, and casualties from suicide bombings and attacks jumped by 17 percent. The previous year recorded "the highest number of civilian casualties from suicide and complex attacks in a single year in Afghanistan," the report said, with 605 killed and 1,690 wounded from such incidents.