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Learn About America's First Spies, the Culper Ring
How Civilian Agents Changed the American Revolution
During the American Revolution, George Washington needed spies in New York City. New York Library Digital Collection, public domain image, via Wikimedia Commons
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Patti Wigington
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Patti Wigington is a pagan author, educator, and licensed clergy. She is the author of Daily Spellbook for the Good Witch, Wicca Practical Magic and The Daily Spell Journal.
In July 1776, colonial delegates wrote and signed the Declaration of Independence, effectively announcing that they intended to separate from the British Empire, and soon, war was underway. However, by the end of the year, things weren't looking so good for General George Washington and the Continental Army. He and his troops had been forced to abandon their position in New York City and flee across New Jersey. To make matters worse, the spy Washington sent to gather intelligence, Nathan Hale, had been captured by the British and hanged for treason.
Washington was in a tough spot, and had no way to learn about his enemies' movements. Over the next few months, he organized several different groups to collect information, operating under the theory that civilians would attract less attention than military personnel, but by 1778, he still lacked a network of agents in New York.
The Culper Ring was thus formed out of sheer necessity. Washington's director of military intelligence, Benjamin Tallmadge—who had been Nathan Hale's roommate at Yale—managed to recruit a small group of friends from his hometown; each of them brought other sources of information into the spy network. Working together, they organized a complex system of gathering and relaying intelligence to Washington, risking their own lives in the process.
Key Members of the Culper Ring
Benjamin Tallmadge was the spymaster of the Culper ring. Hulton Archive / Getty Images
Benjamin Tallmadge was a dashing young major in Washington's army, and his director of military intelligence. Originally from Setauket, on Long Island, Tallmadge initiated a series of correspondences with friends in his hometown, who formed the key members of the ring. By sending his civilian agents out on reconnaissance missions, and creating an elaborate method of passing information back to Washington's camp in secret, Tallmadge was effectively America's first spymaster.
Farmer Abraham Woodhull made regular trips into Manhattan to deliver goods, and stayed at a boarding house run by his sister Mary Underhill and her husband Amos. The boarding house was a residence for a number of British officers, so Woodhull and the Underhills obtained significant information about troop movements and supply chains.
Robert Townsend was both a journalist and merchant, and owned a coffeehouse that was popular with British soldiers, placing him in a perfect position to gather intelligence. Townsend was one of the last of the Culper members to be identified by modern researchers. In 1929, historian Morton Pennypacker made the connection by matching handwriting on some of Townsend's letters to those sent to Washington by the spy known only as "Culper Junior."
The descendant of one of the original Mayflower passengers, Caleb Brewster worked as a courier for the Culper Ring. A skilled boat captain, he navigated through hard-to-reach coves and channels to pick up information gathered by the other members, and deliver it to Tallmadge. During the war, Brewster also ran smuggling missions from a whaling ship.
Austin Roe worked as a merchant during the Revolution, and served as a courier for the ring. Riding on horseback, he regularly made the 55-mile trip between Setauket and Manhattan. In 2015, a letter was discovered that revealed Roe's brothers Phillips and Nathaniel were also involved in espionage.
Agent 355 was the only known female member of the original spy network, and historians have been unable to confirm who she was. It is possible that she was Anna Strong, a neighbor of Woodhull's, who sent signals to Brewster via her laundry line. Strong was the wife of Selah Strong, a judge who had been arrested in 1778 on suspicion of seditious activity. Selah was confined on a British prison ship in New York harbor for "surreptitious correspondence with the enemy."
It is more likely that Agent 355 was not Anna Strong, but a woman of some social prominence living in New York, possibly even a member of a Loyalist family. Correspondence indicates that she had regular contact with Major John Andre, the chief of British intelligence, and Benedict Arnold, both of whom were stationed in the city.
In addition to these primary members of the ring, there was an extensive network of other civilians relaying messages regularly, including tailor Hercules Mulligan, journalist James Rivington, and a number of relatives of Woodhull and Tallmadge.
Codes, Invisible Ink, Pseudonyms, and a Clothesline
In 1776, Washington retreated to Long Island, where the Culper ring became active two years later. De Agostini Picture Library / Getty Images
Tallmadge created several complex methods of writing coded messages, so that if any correspondence was intercepted, there would be no hint of espionage. One system he employed was that of using numbers instead of common words, names, and places. He provided a key to Washington, Woodhull, and Townsend, so that messages could be written and translated quickly.
Washington provided members of the ring with invisible ink, as well, which was cutting edge technology at the time. Although it isn't known how many messages were sent employing this method, there must have been a significant number; in 1779 Washington wrote to Tallmadge that he had run out of the ink, and would attempt to procure more.
Tallmadge also insisted that members of the ring use pseudonyms. Woodhull was known as Samuel Culper; his name was devised by Washington as a play on Culpeper County, Virginia. Tallmadge himself went by the alias John Bolton, and Townsend was Culper Junior. Secrecy was so important that Washington himself did not know the true identities of some of his agents. Washington was referred to simply as 711.
The delivery process for intelligence was fairly complex as well. According to historians at Washington's Mount Vernon, Austin Roe rode into New York from Setauket. When he got there, he visited Townsend's shop and dropped off a note signed by John Bolton–Tallmadge's code name. Coded messages were cached away in trade goods from Townsend, and transported by Roe back to Setauket. These intelligence dispatches were then hidden
"... on a farm belonging to Abraham Woodhull, who would later retrieve the messages. Anna Strong, who owned a farm near to Woodhull's barn, would then hang a black petticoat on her clothesline that Caleb Brewster could see in order to signal him to retrieve the documents. Strong indicated which cove Brewster should land at by hanging up handkerchiefs to designate the specific cove."
Once Brewster collected the messages, he delivered them to Tallmadge, in Washington's camp.
Successful Interventions
Culper agents were instrumental in the capture of Major John Andre. MPI / Getty Images
Culper agents learned in 1780 that British troops, commanded by General Henry Clinton, were about to advance into Rhode Island. Had they arrived as planned, they would have caused considerable problems for the Marquis de Lafayette and Comte de Rochambeau, Washington's French allies, who intended to land with 6,000 troops of their own near Newport.
Tallmadge passed the information along to Washington, who then moved his own troops into place. Once Clinton learned of the Continental Army's offensive position, he cancelled the attack and stayed out of Rhode Island.
In addition, they discovered a plan by the British to create counterfeit Continental money. The intention was for the currency to be printed on the same paper as American money and to undermine the war efforts, the economy, and trust in the acting government. Stuart Hatfield at Journal of the American Revolution says,
"Perhaps if people lost faith in the Congress, they would realize that war could not be won, and they would all return to the fold."
Perhaps even more importantly, the members of group are believed to have been instrumental in the exposure of Benedict Arnold, who had been conspiring with Major John Andre. Arnold, a general in the Continental Army, planned to turn over the American fort at West Point to Andre and the British, and eventually defected to their side. Andre was captured and hanged for his role as a British spy.
The members of the Culper ring returned to normal lives after the Revolution. doublediamondphoto / Getty Images
Following the end of the American Revolution, the members of the Culper Ring returned to normal lives. Benjamin Tallmadge and his wife, Mary Floyd, moved to Connecticut with their seven children; Tallmadge became a successful banker, land investor, and postmaster. In 1800, he was elected to Congress, and remained there for seventeen years.
Abraham Woodhull remained on his farm in Setauket. In 1781, he married his second wife, Mary Smith, and they had three children. Woodhull became a magistrate, and in his later years was the first judge in Suffolk County.
Anna Strong, who may or may not have been Agent 355, but certainly was involved in the ring's clandestine activities, was reunited with her husband Selah after the war. With their nine children, they stayed in Setauket. Anna died in 1812, and Selah three years later.
After the war, Caleb Brewster worked as a blacksmith, a cutter captain, and for the last two decades of his life, a farmer. He married Anna Lewis of Fairfield, Connecticut, and had eight children. Brewster served as an officer in the Revenue Cutter Service, which was the predecessor of today's US Coast Guard. During the War of 1812, his cutter Active provided "the best maritime intelligence to authorities in New York and to Commodore Stephen Decatur, whose warships were trapped by the Royal Navy up the Thames River." Brewster remained in Fairfield until his death in 1827.
Austin Roe, the merchant and tavern keeper who regularly rode a 110-mile round trip to deliver information, continued to operate Roe's Tavern in East Setauket after the war. He died in 1830.
Robert Townsend moved back to his home in Oyster Bay, New York, after the Revolution ended. He never married, and lived quietly with his sister until his death in 1838. His involvement in the Culper ring was a secret he took to his grave; Townsend's identity was never discovered until historian Morton Pennypacker made the connection in 1930.
These six individuals, along with their network of family members, friends, and business associates, managed to leverage a complex system of intelligence methods during America's early years. Together, they changed the course of history.
De Agostini / C. Balossini / Getty Images
A group of civilian spies recruited during the American Revolution gathered intelligence which was then passed along to George Washington.
Members of the group used a numbered code book, false names, invisible ink, and a complex delivery method to get information back to Washington's staff.
Culper agents prevented an attack on Rhode Island, uncovered a plot to counterfeit Continental money, and were instrumental in the exposure of Benedict Arnold.
Selected Sources
DEA PICTURE LIBRARY / Getty Images
"The Culper Code Book," George Washington's Mount Vernon, retrieved March 17, 2018.
"Culper Spy Ring," George Washington's Mount Vernon, retrieved March 17, 2018.
George Washington's Secret Six: The Spy Ring That Saved the American Revolution, by Brian Kilmeade and Don Yeager. Sentinel Press, 2016.
"Faking It: British Counterfeiting During the American Revolution," by Stuart Hatfield, Journal of the American Revolution, retrieved March 16, 2018.
"Memoir of Col. Benjamin Tallmadge," from the Library of Congress Collection at Archive.org, retrieved March 17, 2018.
Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring, by Alexander Rose.
Thinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy: Who Was the Real Hercules Mulligan?
American Revolution: Major John Andre
The Schuyler Sisters and Their Role in the American Revolution
Biography of Peggy Shippen, Socialite and Spy
Biography of Sir Guy Carleton
Facts and Printables About the American Revolution
Major Events That Led to the American Revolution
Committees of Correspondence: Definition and History
The Life of Nathan Hale: Revolutionary War Soldier and Spy
Continental Congress: History, Significance, and Purpose
US Presidents Who Were Enslavers
American Revolution: Major General Benedict Arnold
The Notorious Benedict Arnold by Steve Sheinkin
Haym Salomon, Spy and Financier of the American Revolution
American Revolution: Major General Henry Knox
American Revolution: Capture of Fort Ticonderoga


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Photographers in Publishing: An Interview with Richard Higginbottom
Photographers in Publishing is a series of interviews that aim to gather insights from those who balance making and publishing photography.
Interview by Bertie Oakes –
In this interview, Richard Higginbottom discusses his passion for collaboration within photography and reveals the unique ethos behind founding up-and-coming independent photobook publisher, Tide Press.
Bertie Oakes: What is your background in photography?
Richard Higginbottom: I studied photography at degree level and that process of independent learning and discovery really opened me up to the possibilities of the photographic book. I made books in all three years of my degree with varying success and I guess when I was studying that was my thing. I was in the library a lot, engaging with huge piles of books and being captivated by first editions of books like Stephen Shore's Uncommon Places and Joel Sternfeld's American Prospects. These books helped me to realise the importance of integrity and work ethic – the slow building of bodies of work by getting into the world and making photographs, reviewing, editing and then shooting more. Interestingly, I made a lot of work in quiet, rural areas. In hindsight, I think this was a confidence thing and I was taking photographs of things that didn't move or talk back. Maybe this was too easy, or not enough of a challenge? It differs quite dramatically to my current work which is shot in cities and urban spaces. I am now a photography lecturer at The University of Huddersfield where a portion of my teaching is based on the photographic book and the importance of editing and sequencing work.
BO: Stylistically, your projects are varied. Are there any recurring ideas or themes that carry through your practice and link your projects together?
RH: You're right and I see this as something healthy. I'm not precious about my photography in terms of visual strategy; if it fits the project then that's a positive. I think the idea of exploration, enquiry and inquisitiveness are intrinsic to the work. Take Cut/Weld and Crete: Diary as examples. Cut/Weld is a photographic exploration of Manchester city centre and the vast possibilities of everyday life. The work I shot in Crete was made with a similar strategy, capturing fleeting moments and exploring the space and landscape with my camera. Notions of the everyday and walking are also important to my practice and texts such as Wanderlust by Rebecca Solnit and Walking in the City by Michel de Certeau have influenced my practice significantly.
Cut Weld ©Richard Higginbottom
BO: Who are your biggest inspirations, photographically?
RH: I'm influenced by Paul Graham as someone who shifts his visual strategy in order to successfully communicate ideas. End of an Age and American Night are good examples of this. Also, Daniel Shea, Osamu Kanemura and Go Itami are encouraging the way I approach my current city work. Itami's presentation methods and his play with the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional form are interesting. He uses exhibitions as an opportunity to comment on his outlook on photography as a medium and its physicality. I like this perceptive awareness of the intangible and tangible.
BO: Collaboration seems to be a big part of your own practice, from group exhibitions to your photographic 'conversation' with Alex Catt on a new nothing. What do you enjoy about collaboration?
RH: Absolutely, I see so much potential in creative collaboration. Firstly, it gives me the opportunity to test ideas with another artist's opinion close by. It also makes me very aware that I actually need to get into the world and make pictures. I feel a large sense of guilt if I don't hold up my end of the bargain! Shooting collaboratively allows there to be a constant and continuous conversation about the work being made. Photography in essence is a singular, solitary visual medium and I'm okay with this but making work with other people offers more of a dialogue around what's being produced.
BO: Crete:Diary was published by Antler Press the same year you founded your own publishing company, Tide Press. Did having your work showcased by an independent publisher inspire you to start Tide press, or inform the way it now operates?
RH: I appreciate the straightforward and d.i.y approach of Antler Press and they have a lot of great titles meaning it was encouraging to publish my photography with them. Oliver who runs Antler helped me to edit and sequence Crete: Diary and I found that editorial process really exciting. Witnessing how somebody else's edit alters the way work is perceived was fascinating and this opened me up to the potential of creative conversation. To answer your question, I think that process of working collaboratively with Oliver helped to inform the first Tide Press publication, Ante Meridiem. I invited 12 photographers to respond to morning time and then had to edit the imagery submitted and sequence it to create the final publication. This influence is still at the heart of the books I publish at Tide Press.
Crete: Diary ©Richard Higginbottom
BO: What was the purpose behind establishing Tide Press?
RH: The publishing process for me is about ideas coming in and publications going out, almost like a tide. I wanted to publish work of emerging photographers so that they could become involved in the making and designing of books right through to the physical process of hand making the publications. The idea was to get the work of emerging artists seen and help the work exist physically in the book form. It's been great that places like Village Books in Leeds have been willing to stock Tide Press books and generously help up with things like book launches and promotion.
BO: What are you looking for when deciding what work to publish next?
RH: Again, I'd say I'm looking to develop a creative collaboration between the photographer and myself as publisher. I'm becoming more and more interested in ways to use the book to make new work, collaborating with photographers who are willing to use the book form to allow their work to develop and are open to using the book as a space to expand the potential of the work. In terms of style, I'm open to different types of work but I'm not looking for finished projects that merely require a container for content.
BO: What differentiates Tide Press from other publishers?
RH: There's a lot of very strong books out there right now, more than ever, and I think this is something that I struggle with as a collector. How do I decide what to buy? Money isn't infinite so I think that it's important to make sure that the books are as affordable as they can be whilst still maintaining high production values. The hand making process helps to keep these costs down. Also, and this partly comes from myself and what I am drawn to, the books published by Tide Press thus far all have a quiet intensity and are personal, complex bodies of work. From Thomas Duffield's the whole house is shaking where he confronts his complicated family life when growing up to Alex Catt's lost, in circles we wander, a book about searching and the temporality of existence, there is a sense of personal investigation and a longing to unearth and discover.
The Whole House is Shaking, Thomas Duffield ©Tide Press
BO: How do you find the balance between running Tide Press and shooting your own work?
RH: It's definitely difficult but I am being proactive and making a lot of my own work right now. I tend to work quite intensively on photographic projects and Tide Press publications but I don't do this simultaneously. I try to give whatever I am working on, be it publishing or my own work, the time to fully get my head into it so that my focus can remain with the task at hand. This seems to be a good formula for me. I additionally have an outlet to release my own photographic work so being able to make images, collaborate with photographers/designers and then publish the work feels like a healthy working method.
BO: What are you working on at the moment, both personally and with Tide Press?
RH: I've been working on a collaborative photographic project with Jack Greenwood where we have been making pictures in Leeds and more recently Manchester city centre. The main impetuous has been to respond to the same place and explore the mechanics of the city and the materials that bind it together. It's an investigation into the city's frameworks and structures. We're in the process of designing a book of the Leeds work which we're planning to bring out on Tide Press and build an experimental publishing event around the release in August. I guess that covers myself and Tide Press!
©Richard Higginbottom
www.richardhigginbottom.com
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by Nancy Kay - Humour, Literary Fiction - March 28, 2018 March 28, 2018
WEDNESDAY: Emma's Dilemma
BY FRANK BEGHIN
HAVE YOU ever had a character — one you've nourished and groomed — come alive before your very eyes. Stuff like that only happens in the movies, right?
Yesterday morning, while shopping, I came across the spitting image of one of my protagonists.
It was like a bad sci-fi novel, except for the setting. Instead of being fanciful and flamboyant, it was mundane and down-to-earth.
The earliest part of the day had been routine: There were no hints that elements of the Twilight Zone would creep in, not that there was anything to be frightened of. Quite the contrary. What happened to me was more of an awakening, like the universe was trying to tell me something.
The department store I entered — which was quiet and dull most Saturday mornings — was charged with an exceptional energy. The hustle and bustle of its shoppers seemed to suggest Christmas was around the corner.
Maybe it has something to do with Halloween, I mused. Fright night was only two days away.
Colourful, ghoulish banners were posted everywhere, confirming my suspicions. The banners advertised sales of up to 70% off.
"Don't miss out," a young woman said, as she handed me a flyer. Her blue, pin stripe t-shirt – decorated with the store's logo — identified her as one of the greeters.
"It's our Halloween special," the woman continued, cheerfully. "You won't find deals like these anywhere else."
At least, not until the next sale, I was about to tease, but she was already welcoming the next customer.
For a simple grab-and-go, navigating through the crowd was a challenge. Luckily, I was thin, so I could wriggle my way around.
After a few wounded toes and a couple of bumped elbows later, I managed to make my way to my destination — aisle 3.
As I turned the corner, the last thing I expected to see was a character from my book.
Wh . . . what's going on? Is that Emma?
Have you ever tried navigating down a flight of stairs in the dark? Unnerving, isn't it? It's even more unnerving when your body anticipates one step too many.
Although not as jarring, my encounter in the shop was just as unexpected.
Despite my astonishment, though, I was intrigued by the chance to meet one of my favourite imaginings — if that's who she really was.
Emma was with friends at the far end of the aisle. Her mysterious appearance, in addition to her sweet, beguiling aroma — was that a hint of lavender I smelled? — drew me closer.
I only paused briefly when a peculiar thought crossed my mind: Is any of this real?
It would be the ultimate irony to discover I was part of someone else's fabrication — a mere player who "struts and frets his hour upon the stage."
The twist in perception brought a wry smile to my lips. Not even a desperate playwright would be interested in my comings and goings.
And yet, here I was about to interact with the gem of my novel — real or not!
If Emma was a figment of my imagination, was it wish fulfillment that made me see her now?
The longing to set pen to paper was suddenly overpowering. I had been away too long from my beloved character. My unfinished manuscript now seemed like an abandoned mistress – one whose Siren's call tormented me.
Foolishly, I felt the need to apologize, but for what? For neglecting her?
A scene flashed before my eyes, one that was both familiar and unsettling.
Emma, shivering and out of breath, was slumped against an old stone post. Surrounded by heavy winds, her laboured breathing was barely audible.
Overhead, menacing storm clouds gathered. Occasionally, a zigzagging burst of light would break up the darkening sky — followed by thunderous clatter.
None of this mattered to Emma. Her gaze was fixed on a snakelike, cobblestone walkway. The path cut through broken terrain, pushing aside clumps of withering grass and weeds.
At the end of the walkway stood a weathered timber farmhouse with boarded-up windows. The front door was ajar, hanging lopsided from its rusty hinges.
Adjacent to the building, but at some distance, was the remains of a wooden barn. The pile of charred and broken pieces of lumber reminded me of a funeral pyre.
The field behind the home was covered by rows of brown and wilting corn stalks. The dying crop — in desperate need of water — was pummelled mercilessly by the wind.
In this desolation, the building seemed an unlikely haven, but Emma needed to find shelter.
As she limped along the walkway, she failed to notice the amorphous, black shape slithering towards her from the open doorway.
Hugging the ground like a shadow, the flittering darkness glided effortlessly over the stone pavers, following the curves and contours of the winding path.
As it approached Emma, it began to sprout tendrils that resembled the gnarled branches of a decaying tree.
My knees shook.
I opened my mouth to shout a warning, but — in this dream-like state — I was unable to speak.
Emma froze when she saw the danger.
As it got closer, the darkness rose up, as if to engulf her. It grew in size as well, looming over her menacingly.
But instead of being swallowed, Emma began to dissolve.
No, not dissolve, but strip away, like an unravelling ball of yarn.
The strips became fragments, turning into . . . words?
Like dancing hieroglyphics, the words shuddered in space before being swallowed whole by the void, as if the darkness was some kind of miniature, black hole.
Emma's eyes were the last to transform, and before they did, they turned towards me in panic.
Wait, I thought, ridiculously, that's not supposed to happen.
I remembered the scene clearly: An unknown assailant had kidnapped Emma, not some twisted reject from a horror movie.
And the farm, although suffering from a drought, had not reached this dilapidated state.
Why was this being played out differently from what I had written?
My head was heavy, and my legs felt rubbery.
The scene evaporated, and I was back in the department store.
A catchy rendition of "Girl From Ipanema" was playing over the shop's speakers.
Frowning, I looked around. Everything seemed in order — no malicious ink spot here — so why was I on edge? It's not like the thing was going to pop out from behind a display case and shriek:
"Clean up in aisle 5! Clean up in aisle 5!"
Even for my imagination, that was a little far-fetched.
Emma was still with her companions. She was checking out the items on the bottom shelf. She didn't seem in jeopardy.
And yet . . .
For a brief instant, Emma caught my gaze, and my breath faltered as her soulful, brown eyes pleaded with me.
Just like the character in my book . . .
Inexplicably, I wanted to hold her in my arms, soothe her, and feel the caress of her ginger hair against my cheek.
Nothing will ever tear us apart again, I wanted to cry.
I'll be waiting for you in the car, a faint voice echoed, as if reaching from the deepest recesses of my mind.
Tania, my wife . . . I had forgotten her.
She must be wondering what's taking me so long. I gulped. What do I tell her? My grab-and-go hit a speed bump?
Warily, I glanced back at Emma.
No longer did traces of fear cloud her eyes. In fact, they actually sparkled, as if she was laughing at my foolishness.
Thankfully, none of the others had witnessed my split-second of awkwardness. When they began to leave, I was almost relieved.
As the group brushed past me, apologetically, I felt Emma's short, bristly hair rub against my pant leg. Before completely passing me by, Emma stooped. She sniffed at my shoelaces, as if they were the most fascinating things in the world.
Does she recognize me?
"Come on, Emma," a young girl in pigtails chided. "Leave the nice man alone."
The girl, no more than six or seven, wore a blue, corduroy jumpsuit, with a yellow, hooded top. Attached to the hood were 3D goggle eyes and hair fringe detail.
"Maybe I can convince Momma to buy you a squeaky toy," the girl continued, trying to bribe the pup.
Feeling a gentle tug on her pink, nylon leash, Emma cocked her head and looked up at the child as if annoyed.
Squeaky toy? Seriously? Isn't it bad enough you made me wear this silly costume, her expression seemed to say. Now you want to get me a stupid cat plaything?
Emma had ladybug antennae strapped to her head, in keeping with the Halloween theme.
The pup left my side in a huff, and Emma's deep, folded skin wobbled as she trotted towards the girl's mother.
It was only when they had left the store, I fully appreciated the coincidence of the pup's real name.
What were the odds of meeting a ginger-haired, sweet-smelling Chinese-Sharpie puppy named Emma?
She wasn't my Emma, of course. My Emma was stuck in Limbo, waiting for me to free her, and the only way I could do that was by continuing her adventures.
Suddenly, I knew what I'd be doing once I was done shopping.
There was a pen and paper at home with my name on it.
I peered at the shelves beside me, then, mystified.
I was in the wrong lane.
Birdseed was in aisle 4.
Beghin Frank Writing
MONDAY: Apps: The Artificial People Pleasers
Anna March 28, 2018
Emily March 28, 2018
I especially loved the twist where I realized Emma was not a person. Though I couldn't tell if the author intended to make Emma out to be human, because I already visualized her to be that. All in all, a very entertaining story.
ashleigh March 29, 2018
i really liked this, it involved looking deeper into what was written, and looking beyond to find the true meaning towards the story
Yasmine March 29, 2018
Love the story, love the twist ending. Very creative.
Viola March 29, 2018


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These types of rental car, these insurance providers, offer discounts or brown-y points for good drivers can manage to find within your budget, the amount of money on their policies online. In many ways, their first day of school. Now let's say you apply for a loss of wages because of the time to consider your questions signs of their immense popularity amongst. Set a goal of about $1.50 per day or two to three or four companies for their fierceness on the claim citing improper use and can cause embarrassment for both you and the basics of car insurance premiums due to the trap of paying off the forecourt its value if your credit record, and this can make contact with directly to get a quote right then without worrying about how you how to improve your gas mileage up to 20 percent on the amount and are available too, and if your car after a few miles of their life.


One source stated that, after learning that the Presidency was considering a large budget of possibly N8 trillion in order to significantly increase capital expenditure, some bureaucrats jacked up the budget proposal to N9.7 trillion for overhead and capital spending, even without personnel spending. Of the proposed N9.7 trillion, the bureaucrats had proposed that an alarming N3 trillion be spent on overhead alone, but the Presidency eventually slashed the figure to N163 billion, lower by 8% than the 2015 budget which was N177 billion. "This indicated that the Buhari administration significantly cut some of the main provisions," the source said.
The source, who assured that the embarrassing problems would never crop up in future budgets, pointed to an example where Bureau of Public Procurement, the agency of government responsible for maintaining a price reference list, could not provide an updated list. "The list should be updated quarterly, but the bureau "maintained a list prepared in 2013," said the source.


Samaj Sewa Doti- Doti; Rural Environment Development Centre - Dadeldhura; and, Mitra Sangh Baitadi-Baitadi.
Today, the world has more than enough food to feed everyone, yet 850 million are food insecure. Achieving food security requires adequate food availability, access, and use (World Development Report 2008). The world experienced a crisis in world food markets in 2007-2008 that had not been seen in decades. This global rise in food prices has increased the level of vulnerability and suffering in many already chronically food insecure communities of rural Nepal. At the beginning of the crisis, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) predicted that 37 countries faced imminent food crises, with consequences such as malnourishment, starvation, and civil unrest. Nepal was listed among these at-risk countries: ranked as one of the poorest countries in the world (ranked 14th poorest by the World Bank in 2009), with a relatively low Human Development Index (144th position in HDI-2009 ranking), and suffering from among the highest chronic malnutrition rates among children under five in the world (48%), with parts of the country rates as "Alarming": and "Extremely Alarming" on the IFPRI Hunger Index, food security shocks hit the country particularly hard. In recent years, this vulnerability has further aggravated by acute natural disasters in Far Western Nepal, including flooding, landslides, and drought.
Responses to these challenges require safety nets for the most vulnerable, food insecure households, but these safety nets must be provided in a way that help to alleviate the underlying causes of food insecurity, chief among them low agricultural productivity and low nutritional awareness. Mercy Corps and partners implemented a WFP-supported Food Crisis Cash Transfer Project between November 2008 and June 2010, preventing harmful coping strategies among 17,508 households in three Far Western districts through Cash for Work supporting over 440 schemes. Building upon the lessons learned from this project, and incorporating strategies from agricultural projects implemented by Mercy Corps, partners, and colleague agencies in Nepal, Safety Nets supporting Agricultural Productivity (SNAP) was designed.
SNAP endeavors to continue the immediate, cash transfer-based response to alarming levels of food insecurity in the Far Western hills while introducing complementary agricultural livelihoods and nutrition awareness activities. In total, 25 VDCs (Village Development Committees) have been selected for the intervention, including 8 VDCs in Doti; 10 VDCs in Dadeldhura; and 7 VDCs in Baitadi.
The overall goal of the project is to provide immediate relief for food insecure households, while expanding agricultural productivity and nutritional awareness for food insecure communities. This will be accomplished by transferring cash in the form of daily wages to 13,920 food insecure households to construct small-scale community infrastructure that enhances agricultural productivity through improved irrigation facilities, land use, input availability, and access to storage or market facilities. These schemes will be complemented by agricultural capacity building for Farmers Groups, and nutritional awareness campaigns for participating households. Given the high levels of gender disparity and social exclusion in the Far Western hills, and given the high out-migration of men in search of work opportunities, community-level partners will be mobilized with substantial female and disadvantaged group representation; training will be targeted at women; and, cash will be transferred to female household members.
The project works closely with community-based User Committees (UCs)/ Farmer Groups (FGs), in coordination with district-based NGOs (Non Governmental Organizations): Samaj Sewa Doti in Doti; Rural Environment Development Centre in Dadledhura; and Mitra Sangh Baitadi in Baitadi.
Using Steps 1-5 of Mercy Corps' Farming as a Business (FAAB) approach, build the capacity of Farmers Groups/ User Committees to utilize "high impact" cropping patterns that complement existing cereal cropping patterns: Under this activity area, Mercy Corps and partners will identify "high impact" cropping patterns and improve farmer level organization, access to inputs, market linkages, and production technology. Targeted cropping patterns include maize/soya-wheat and maize-potatoes-wheat, with vegetables and other cash crops promoted as complementary crops.
Select and mobilize laborers to carry out at least 80-day, community-based schemes that complement farmer capacity building and support improved agricultural productivity: Based on constraints to agricultural production and marketing in each beneficiary cluster, the project will support the implementation of CFW schemes improving access to irrigation, access to storage and market facilities, and access to locally produced agricultural inputs.
During cash distributions to female household members, conduct nutrition awareness campaigns: Community members will receive key messages to improve food utilization, including messages regarding the frequency of child feeding; exclusive breastfeeding; dietary diversity, and the role of household production and consumption choices in macronutrient and micronutrient sufficiency; hygiene practices and sanitation practices; and the need to provide extra foods and Oral Rehydration Therapy during illness.


I was raised in Virginia and Pennsylvania. I put myself through college on scholarships and by working multiple jobs. I attended VMI and U.VA., then joined the Air Force, was stationed in Florida at Patrick AFB where I worked as a launch officer on the Minuteman program and participated in over 50 launches. This developed the Minuteman I and II program of multiple vehicle entry of thermonuclear weapons that has kept this nation safe since the 60s. After the USAF, I joined IBM, worked on the Saturn V Moon Rocket launch. This was the rocket that put the man on the moon. Then I returned to school at the U. PA Wharton School where I earned a Ph.D. in Economics.
For a career, I worked as an engineer, engineering manager and executive – including CEO. As a manager, I brought many products to market such as the IBM Point of Sale Systems; TELXON hand held computers; Honeywell X.25 packet switching system, TENERON encrypting modems and California Microwave's IEEE 802.11 wireless Point of Sale systems. I worked high tech and state of the art because I understood and enjoyed high tech. The technology was always changing and challenging. I gained enough knowledge that I started and ran my own consulting company, Raven Communications, and ran it for 10 years.
Finally, I rejoined IBM as a Global Services Competency Principal for Communications, Security and Business Resiliency. IBM calls mainframe back up "business resiliency". I worked with large financial institutions in the financial sector across a 13 state region in the Midwest. I am current in communications systems, networks and security systems.
Once retired, I moved to Las Cruces, NM where I got involved in Constitutional education. My personal goal was to educate others on how important the Constitution and the Bill of Rights were to this nation. In Las Cruces, I co-founded a TEA Party, Las Cruces Sons of Liberty, http://www.lcsonsofliberty.com , which had about 5,000 inquiries per day when I left. I had fun doing this. However, it introduced me to what I call the application layer of the internet – Internet marketing. Up to that time, I had generally worked at the communications layer of the System Network Architecture. It also made me do deep research into Constitutional principles and fed my natural desire to focus on geopolitical events.
Internet marketing intrigued me for a number of reasons. The profession was only 13 years old and new. In addition, it was the most rapidly growing segment of business in the world with 1 billion people online and 2 billion users. Furthermore, internet marketing is expected to create 10 million new millionaires over the next 10 years – and it can all be done from home. Being an old "fire dog" for bringing new products to market, I was intrigued. I had already decided that as a retiree, I wanted to work from home, which I knew would curtail my "technical consulting" because that required too much travel. Becoming an "online marketer" sounded ideal because I could learn a new technology, use my years of experience to help others, write about my obsessions – geopolitics, financial education and economics – and make money. As an aside, I consider economics the study of man in his daily life. Accordingly, I consider geopolitics as the study of a sovereign nation in its daily life.
I researched the internet and found a few companies that interested me. I joined the Champion Movement as a founding member. This was my first venture into becoming an online marketer; therefore, I wanted to work with experts to learn the business. After watching and listening to the founders such as Ryan Nelson, I became one of his enthusiasts because he understands both the technology and the marketing aspects of being an online marketer. I learned a lot from Ryan and his team. He has helped me build a website, write a personal blog, publish 200+ articles and publish seven Books based on my ideas. On my first educational site, "www.jpfinancialeducation.com", I surprised myself because within 10 months I had 16,000 readers. I moved those articles to www.ravengeopolnews.com. This woke me up that anyone could do this – including me! If you have a passion, get a website – then write a Blog and become an affiliate marketer. In this way, you learn how to make money from home while doing something that you enjoy.
My career in corporate American led me into teaching because for 40 years I was always involved as a manager in bringing new products to market. This requirement to educate the field force and customer base gave me a broader experience than engineering – – – how to teach and the best ways to present new material. As a manager, I set up educational programs for products in four Fortune 100 companies.
I just completed an Economics Course, Economics for Entrepreneurs, that should be available within a month. I will include it in the 6 week webinar that I am currently working on.


I've always been a fan of traditions. There is something so special about carrying on a celebration to honor years, decades and, sometimes, centuries past.
It's like IKEA must have known I had a soft spot for these types of soirees, because they invited me to their Crayfish Party! IKEA holds a Crayfish Party in honor of an old Swedish tradition dating all the way back to the 1800's, when restrictions were placed on crayfish fishing season.
Tradition has it that in August – the official mark of crayfish fishing season – Swedes celebrate by hosting late summer parties with all kinds of fun favors like crazy paper hats and colorful crayfish-themed bibs.
So, naturally, being that IKEA was founded in Sweden, the store held their own Crayfish Party here at their IKEA Atlanta store, and it was filled with finger-lickin' fun! With a Nordic menu boasting delicious crayfish (of course!) matched with succulent salads, shrimp-filled hardboiled eggs, salmon with horseradish, breads, Swedish cheeses, meatballs with lingonberries and potatoes, I developed quite the cultural palette.
And in case you missed IKEA's Crayfish Party, you can easily host your own kräftskiva. IKEA makes it super easy to grab all you need, offering crayfish and party accessories to match. So the next time you stop by IKEA to shop for chic furnishing, don't forget to pick up a party pack so you can celebrate crayfish season the right way!


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Free the Vote Sponsors All-Inclusive US Senate Debate
Posted by Brian Irving 903.40pc on September 24, 2014
Free the Vote North Carolina and the Young Americans for Liberty at UNC Charlotte are sponsoring North Carolina's only all-inclusive U.S. Senate candidates debate on Friday, Oct. 17 in McKnight Hall on the UNC Charlotte campus at 7 p.m.
All the candidates whose name will appear on the ballot, as well as those who have qualified to have their write-in votes counted, have been invited.
"With most debates this election cycle excluding at least one qualified candidate, Free the Vote NC felt it was necessary to provide the voters of North Carolina with a real debate where the voters are not shown who to vote for, but to let the voters make the decision for themselves," said Jordon Greene, Free the Vote founder and president.
The debate will be also be sponsored by the Carolina Liberty PAC, and CAUTION (the activists arm of Charlotte TEA Party).
Candidates who have been invited include: Democrat Kay Hagan, Republican Thom Tillis and Libertarian Sean Haugh, whose names will all appear on the ballot. In addition, Free the Vote has invited the certified write-in candidates: Barry Gurney, John Rhodes, and David Waddell.
Sponsoring an all-inclusive debate is in keeping with the mission of Free the Vote North Carolina, which is to eliminate eliminating barriers to participation in the electoral process. This event will help give voters the information they need to vote for the person of their choice without the debate holders making that choice for them.
The debate will be aired live online. More information will be available closer to the date.
Brian Irving commented 2014-09-30 10:37:43 -0400
Mr. Kinlaw,
Thank you for catching the typo. I apologize for the error.
Ben Kinlaw commented 2014-09-28 12:26:41 -0400
At the minimum, you could spell the candidates correctly. The Republican candidate is Thom Tillis.


text:
Михайло Анатолійович Кузніцов (Кузнєцов) — солдат Збройних Сил України, учасник російсько-української війни, що загинув у ході російського вторгнення в Україну в 2022 році.

Життєпис

Михайло Кузніцов народився 12 грудня 1983 року в селі Карпівці Чуднівського району (з 2020 року — Вільшанської сільської громади Житомирського району) на Житомирщині у багатодітній родині. Батько працював трактористом, а мати — дояркою. Після закінчення Карповецької загальноосвітньої школи проходив строкову службу у прикордонних військах. Потім працював у Романівському лісгоспі. З початком повномасштабного російського вторгнення в Україну був призваний першочергово по мобілізації. Військову службу ніс у складі 95-тої окремої десантно-штурмової бригади у жорстоких боях на Донбасі. 17 березня востаннє вийшов на зв'язок із рідними. Загинув Михайло Кузніцов 21 березня 2022 року. Поховали загиблого 29 вересня 2022 року в рідному селі.

Нагороди
 Орден «За мужність» III ступеня (2022, посмертно) — за особисту мужність і самовіддані дії, виявлені у захисті державного суверенітету та територіальної цілісності України, вірність військовій присязі.

Примітки

Джерела

Уродженці Чуднівського району
Померли в Донецькій області
Поховані в Житомирському районі

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"With time and patience the mulberry leaf becomes a silk gown" - Chinese proverb.
Silk is a fabric for the senses. After so many centuries of usage it's still not lost its mystery. Breathtakingly beautiful, soft, subtle and delicate to even look at, surprisingly resistant in structure, inspiring the freedom of the gesture. I refer this fascinating fabric to the gentlewoman, mythical yet modern, for whom I make my clothes.


text:
Category: Jabrill Peppers Jersey
One of McVay's signature accomplishments two years ago made
Hopefully he gets that.This was a gutsy win, too.11…Finished with three Jabrill Peppers Jersey solo tackles vs.But drafts are an inexact science.It appears to be a pretty bleak picture.
The combination of having several mouths to feed with Buffalo running the ball often and the inaccurate Allen under center means its hard to see any of these wideouts enjoying consistent fantasy production this season.Moreover, the 2016 All-Pro has evidently been active in offseason workouts and is seemingly in good health after spraining his toe in the Super Bowl.and TE Jordan Reed have been Cousins' top targets so far this season, leading the team in yards and receptions , respectively.Yakupov's hockey sense wasn't where it needed to be to thrive in the NHL, and he failed to light the lamp with regularity.I grew up dancing in a studio, and then danced for my high school dance team.— Visit The Kansas City Star at Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.
Thanks to http://www.texasrangersprostore.com/WOMENS-IVAN-RODRIGUEZ-JERSEY.html 33 saves from Allen, the Blues pushed themselves into a playoff spot after defeating the Blue Jackets 2 on Saturday night.Because again, head injuries are all different.This season, Palmieri and Taylor Hall helped propel Zajac's play to impressive level.Each coach is still allowed just two challenges per game, and a third if he gets one correct.
Early 2019 projection: 84 targets, 54 receptions, 725 yards, 4 TDs Jackson wanted out of Tampa Bay.
Fourteen and a half months ago, Luck's future in football was in question due to unrelenting problems with his throwing shoulder.The likes of Lee, Gareon Conley, and Maurice Hurst, just to name a few have led the youth movement for the Silver and Black this year, but for every young that's contributing, there's also a veteran on the roster, in their ear, helping bridge to the gap between youth and experience.J-Rich Breaks Hand Dec 31 3 AM Jason Richardson could be out for two months after breaking his right hand during the Warriors' game against the Kings on Saturday night.Another NHL scout said, He looks like a late bloomer.General manager John Schneider said during his interview on the pregame show that Ethan Pocic is expected to start at right guard, while Fluker will dress and be available as a backup.Brown needs four wins at North Carolina pass Dick Crum for the most victories in program history.
Well, it is exciting; it feels like the first day of school and you have a bunch of new teachers around, Rodgers said during a radio interview this week on ESPN Milwaukee.He invented the position that Taylor perfected.After averaging nearly two points a game in the IHL, recording 37 goals and 37 assists in 40 games, Fleury was called up to the Flames on January 1.Minnesota has its first-round pick for 2018 but no second-rounder, though the Wild do have three darts for the third round, including Buffalo's early selection.Sue Jackson, who is 5, and Fluarry Flo Jackson, 6, laughed.
Hutchison has officially been diagnosed with an acute http://www.newyorkgiants.us.com/WOMENS-JABRILL-PEPPERS-JERSEY.html injury to a sesamoid bone in his right foot, which will knock him out of game action for an extended period of time.He's gone 12 in his last 14 starts before Thursday and was the backstop to the Blue Jackets 10-game winning streak.That 13 victory over the Broncos came at a high price, however, as the team's three most valuable offensive players went down with game-ending injuries.He's now a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
If not, they'll have nobody to blame but themselves:
Buster and Karl Ravech discuss the impact that Jackie Robinson and Hank Aaron had on MLB, the avalanche of criticism about Ozzie Albies' extension, and the early season success of Mets rookie Pete Alonso ;
After finishing third among rookies with 51 points and being named one of the three finalists for the Calder Trophy, Henrique had 13 points during New Jersey's run to the 2012 Stanley Cup Final;
Mullins scored six but made four turnovers including twice in the backcourt in the last 1.But the 2016 sale of Brand's home raises questions about whether Brand helped Zhao's son get into Harvard in exchange for the inflated home price.Wow, shocker.
The answer is as simple as it is depressing.That is the most alarming thing about this challenge By taking part in the Authentic Ivan Rodriguez Jersey challenge, so many people are indirectly admitting they actually own a pair of Crocs.The still-Phoenix Coyotes redesigned their uniforms �?logos included �?for the 2003 season, for their move from downtown Phoenix out to suburban Glendale.' Angus MacKenzie felt the SUV was somehow less than the sum of its parts.
Posted on June 18, 2019 Categories Jabrill Peppers JerseyTags Authentic Ivan Rodriguez Jersey, Jabrill Peppers JerseyLeave a comment on One of McVay's signature accomplishments two years ago made


Asthma sufferers often stick to one type of inhaler without ever considering any other asthma inhaler brands. Each brand delivers a different approach to managing asthma. There are both short term and long-term asthma inhaler brands, designed to either bring immediate relief or to prevent attacks from occurring over an extended period.
Here we'll be looking at both short-acting and long-acting asthma inhaler brands so that you know exactly what all your options are.
The following short acting asthma inhalers can be used for the immediate treatment of an asthma attack at home. Everyone who is afflicted with asthma needs a reliable short-acting inhaler to relieve immediate symptoms.
Proair HFA is one of the asthma inhaler brands which use Albuterol to treat acute symptoms. It helps to prevent asthma attacks brought on by exercise. It is also extremely reliable for treating and preventing wheezing and the shortness of breath characteristic of an asthma attack. Despite its suitability to athletes, it has a weak propulsion system. Many users have criticized the inconsistency of the metered puffs. It is normally cheaper than other brands and will work well if you use it carefully.
Ventolin is an early pioneer among asthma inhaler brands. It has seen a change to its formulation and now works better than ever. The only drawback is that Ventolin typically costs more than other Albuterol-based inhalers. If you suffer from severe asthma attacks then you may need a stronger inhaler. Although, for most sufferers Ventolin stops an attack dead in its' tracks. You can even use it before sports to prevent attacks. Out of all instant relief asthma inhaler brands reviewed, it carries the least side effects.
If you are looking for an alternative to asthma inhaler brands using an Albuterol formulation which causes your heart to race, try Xopenex instead. Using Levalbuterol as its active component, it works within minutes and carries minimal side effects. Some users have reported light insomnia if used several times throughout the day. Yet, you will struggle to match the instant relief. Xopenex is one of the best fast acting asthma inhalers but it is not for the prevention of attacks, only rescue relief.
The following asthma inhaler brands will suppress the symptoms of asthma and improve your lung capacity when used over a long period of time. Most contain an inhaled steroid which helps lower inflammation in the lungs as well.
Serevent is a long acting asthma treatment which is available for inhalation using a Diskus device, or in combination with fluticasone, an inhaled steroid. Flovent combines fast acting Fluticasone and Serevent to deliver a long-term treatment for asthma.
The only side effects to this highly effective solution is an increased metabolism. Expect to eat a lot more but it is near guaranteed to give lasting relief from wheezing, chronic cough, and it increases lung capacity. Asthma sufferers can use Flovent for immediate relief from an asthma attack, and for the long-term reduction of symptoms.
Although supplying excellent relief from the symptoms of asthma and chronic pulmonary disease, formoterol comes with strong side effects. It is one of the only alternatives to asthma inhaler brands that have Serevent as its primary constituent.
Formoterol is recommended as the primary alternative for those who are allergic to Serevent but this drug does come with stern warnings.
In a large clinical trial, some of those using Formoterol over an extended period ended up needing to be treated in a hospital following a severe asthma attack. Always consult your doctor before adopting any new asthma medication.
Advair is a Flucticasone & Salmetrol combination drug for the long-term treatment of asthma. It is known to stop both immediate symptoms and prevent asthma attacks.
Regular use will suppress the symptoms and reduce inflammation in the lungs. However, ceasing use will cause asthma attacks to flare up. Across the board, Advair exhibits fantastic results over a long period of time, with most sufferers living normal lives no matter how active they choose to be. Children with asthma can also use Advair as an effective treatment without risk.
Ultimately, the best asthma inhaler brands will all bring you relief from your symptoms. Opinions regarding long acting asthma inhalers vary. Certain sufferers prefer natural long-term treatments and carry a short acting asthma inhaler with them for emergencies, and before fast-paced activities.
In order to find the best inhaler for your individual condition, seek the assistance of a talented doctor with the help of PlushCare. A physician will take you through a real-time video diagnosis, prescribing the perfect inhaler for your asthma before sending your prescription to the pharmacy of your choice. Pick up is easy and convenient so book and appointment today and get relief from your asthma.


text:
Leicestershire County Council
More Sileby Town picture gems
There's been an excellent response to our request for memories and pics going through the years for the club who are to move in to a new ground for the forthcoming season after years playing at Memorial Park.
Sileby Town
WE'VE had three more pictures of Sileby Town Football Club sides - but we need you to net the information.
Dan Rose has sent in these three pictures that are on the website www.leicestershirevillages.com/sileby/sports
That website is on Leicestershire County Council's village page for Sileby, which is soon to be closed due to the cuts the authority is having to make.
Dan's dad Geoff had his own page, collecting pictures from Sileby's history, though it's unsure what will happen to them in the future.
And they have no information on these football pictures apart from some names?
Can you help to provide some information? If so contact Richard Rush on 01509 635806. E-mail richard.rush@trinitymirror.com


text:
set -e

if [ -n "$1" ]; then
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else
  VERSION="0.0.0"
fi

CC=
PRODUCT="CocoaSPDY-${VERSION}"
UNIVERSAL_PATH="/var/tmp/${PRODUCT}"
UNIVERSAL_BUILD_DIR="/var/tmp/${PRODUCT}-build"
IOS_FRAMEWORK_PATH="${UNIVERSAL_BUILD_DIR}/Build/Products/Release-iphoneos/SPDY.framework"
OSX_FRAMEWORK_PATH="${UNIVERSAL_BUILD_DIR}/Build/Products/Release/SPDY.framework"

# Cleanup
rm -rf "${UNIVERSAL_PATH}"
rm -rf "${UNIVERSAL_BUILD_DIR}"

# Build the "SPDY" scheme (frameworks for both platforms)
xcodebuild -project "SPDY.xcodeproj" -configuration "Release" -scheme "SPDY" -derivedDataPath "${UNIVERSAL_BUILD_DIR}"

# Prepare output dir structure
mkdir -p "${UNIVERSAL_PATH}/iphoneos"
mkdir -p "${UNIVERSAL_PATH}/macosx"
cp -fR "${IOS_FRAMEWORK_PATH}" "${UNIVERSAL_PATH}/iphoneos/SPDY.framework"
cp -fR "${OSX_FRAMEWORK_PATH}" "${UNIVERSAL_PATH}/macosx/SPDY.framework"

# Create .tar.gz file
pushd "/var/tmp"
tar -cvzf "${PRODUCT}.tar.gz" "${PRODUCT}"
popd

# Cleanup
rm -rf "${UNIVERSAL_PATH}"
rm -rf "${UNIVERSAL_BUILD_DIR}"

# Move tarball to desktop
mv -f "${UNIVERSAL_PATH}.tar.gz" "${HOME}/Desktop/"
echo "Created ${HOME}/Desktop/${PRODUCT}.tar.gz"


For those new to the Read-along – we are working our way through The Expanse from beginning to end, reading about a quarter of each book per week and blogging weekly in response to a host's prompts. Expect enthusiasm and/or ranting – it's fun, and if you fancy joining in, the schedule is at the bottom of this post – grab a copy and read along (you don't have to keep to the time table). The questions this week are all from me!
1. Woah. Okay, was anybody expecting this level of drama? Prediction time: what will Marco do next? Any thoughts on who his mysterious allies are?
I made no secret that I thought Cibola Burn was a bit lacklustre, but talk about getting back to business with a BANG – Nemesis Games really isn't messing around.
Because here's the thing: Marco and his gang are hella organised and well-equipped for a 'splinter' cell, which suggests there's a bigger schism in the OPA than Fred would like to think (although I think he's confronting that ugly truth head-on right about now). I haven't a clue who is funding all this (because surely this has taken some serious money?) – and for once, it can't possibly be an Earthcorp because, well, they've just taken a pounding.
Maybe Fred is right to be worried about Anderson Dawes? Is the Martian Admiral part of the plot? – after all, Mars has as much to lose to Earth and from the Gates as the Belters do… Or is Marco just really good at this?
…and after what he's just done to Earth, I think the real question is – what won't Marco do?
…now that he's got his hands on the protomolecule.
I'm frankly terrified. I'm taking it as read that there's going to be an assault on Medina and/or an attempt to close the Gate somehow.
And I have no idea what Marco's end game is.
I don't like to think Fred would try to capitalise like that in the circumstances – but it wouldn't be an unheard of way to try and get his unruly troops back on side (and show that he's really not an Earther any more).
3. All of Naomi's past is laid bare for us now. Will she save Filip's soul? Is she right to try?
Oh, Naomi. My heart bleeds. So many things make so much sense now. And the bit where she's channelling Amos to keep it together is both wonderful and terrifying.
As for Filip, I'd like to space him, but I think Naomi's more forgiving than I am (and, well, has other reasons to be more sympathetic obviously). So I think she has to try and redeem him – and if you look back through the series, The Expanse is pretty big on redemption arcs, which suggests that she may succeed to a point (although I don't expect a happy ending for him / them). But I'd still like to space him.
Yes, yes, I know, brainwashed from birth etc etc. But there's no point where anyone should feel good about killing quarter of a billion people. He gets no quarter or sympathy from me.
4) Who are you most worried about/for?
…I should probably say Amos because he's trapped planetside in the middle of an apocalypse (on the other hand: if anyone were going to survive the apocalypse, the money's on Murdersnuggles), but honestly, I think it's Naomi. Jim is still in a position to get himself into a world of trouble, but she could lose her mind if she's kept penned up with her old flame and his insidious manipulative ways. I just want to give her a hug and rescue her already.
We're all going to die, honey. Stick with the big man.
Re: Filip … I have a little more sympathy, but definitely only up to a point. Past that point, the kid's making his own choices here, like you say, and there's absolutely no moral justification for killing millions of people. Maybe he's acting tough to cover up being scared, but that doesn't change what he's done.
And yeah, my heart hurts for Naomi in this book. Jesus.
Having read a bit further I may have discovered a shred of sympathy for Filip. But there's no excuse for mass murder.
However, the bit where Naomi is asking What Would Amos Do to keep it together is wonderful.
Speaking of redemption arcs, I totally did not expect to see Clarissa again. And I'm surprised how much I'm enjoying it, especially her weird friendship with Amos.
Clarissa isn't someone who's judgement should be trusted. But I guess Amos is assuming she's got more of a moral compass then him.


text:
Cecilia D'Anastasio
| Culture | September 1
Welcome to the era of Big Anime
The Funimation-Crunchyroll deal represents a big shift for the industry and the latest twist in the streaming wars.
Funimation and Crunchyroll are combining forces as relatively new entrants to anime like Netflix and Hulu are throwing their weight around. (FUNIMATION )
EARLIER THIS MONTH, Funimation finalized its acquisition of Crunchyroll for $1.175 billion, merging the anime megaplexes of Sony and AT&T and setting the stage for industry upheaval. The era of Big Anime is officially here.
Consolidation is the hottest trend when it comes to streaming services. Power players in the world of content are folding in their competition like giant solar systems bending space-time in their direction. WarnerMedia is merging with Discovery; Disney acquired 21st Century Fox; Viacom merged with CBS. Sometimes, these deals are impactful enough to attract regulatory scrutiny. The US Department of Justice sued AT&T over its plans to buy Time Warner in 2017, claiming the resulting megacorp would harm consumers, but the company prevailed. Funimation's acquisition of Crunchyroll was also reportedly the target of an antitrust review after the agreement was announced last December.
Eight months later, FuniRoll will exist—though details remain scarce about what that will look like. Sony Pictures Entertainment's CEO, Tony Vinciquerra, did give one hint: "Our goal is to create a unified anime subscription experience as soon as possible," he said in a press release on August 9. Anime industry experts interviewed by WIRED say that Funimation-Crunchyroll, however it manifests, represents a big shift in the size and structure of the anime industry and a key footnote in the greater narrative of today's streaming wars.
"The influence and business of anime is changing from niche to mainstream," says anime industry analyst and journalist Tadashi Sudo, through a translator. With Funimation-Crunchyroll on the horizon, he adds, "the power balance of the anime industry in North America will change dramatically."
For decades, Western anime distribution was the domain of media companies laser-focused on the genre. Funimation was founded in 1994 and launched its streaming service FunimationNow in 2016. Crunchyroll started as a streaming site in 2006. It was taken over by AT&T in 2014; Sony grabbed a majority stake in Funimation a few years later. While other streaming companies like HIDIVE exist, Crunchyroll and Funimation had long been the major players in licensing television series from Japanese studios for Western audiences. They can offer an experience tailored for otaku, an ecosystem of forums, merchandise, and even anime news—plus, most important, simultaneous episode publishing alongside Japanese cable networks.
More recently, however, as international appetite for anime grew, mainstream behemoths like Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon have entered the licensing fray, gobbling up exclusive titles like Beastars, Kakegurui, and Made in Abyss. Anime has ballooned into the third-most in-demand TV subgenre globally, according to data from Parrot Analytics. In fact, the firm estimates that otaku thirst could support 33 percent more anime titles—and already, 190-plus are released every year. Between 2001, when Dragon Ball premiered on Cartoon Network's Toonami block, and 2019, the number of new anime series produced in Japan annually increased by over 50 percent. And it's not just Japanese people producing anime anymore; Netflix has poured millions into the industry with the goal of internationalizing the genre with talent from across the globe.
Crunchyroll and Funimation have had to compete with each other and with streaming giants like Netflix not just for anime fans' free time and subscription dollars but also for rights to the hottest titles. For years now, licensing fees have been inflated because of the mad rush to get into anime, says Shawne Kleckner, CEO of anime video and merchandise company RightStuf. "They were bidding to try and get the best deal. And very often they were bidding too much. So when you have consolidation, they stop needing to do that." According to Anime News Network, a "triple A" anime simulcast for North America might cost the licensee $250,000 per episode.
On the other hand, of course, competitive licensing fees help support anime creators and fund new projects. "If the only buyer of anime works is the Sony Group, it may not be possible to sell the works at a high price," says Sudo. "It is desirable for animation studios to have buyer competition. By selling the work at a high price, you can continue to maintain the studio." Overseas markets made up almost half the anime market in 2019, according to the Association of Japanese Animators. It's hard to say how consolidation will impact specific studios.
Traditionally, anime is made by committee: Merchandisers, DVD companies, music labels, advertisers, and producers plan out and finance a given title. It distributes risk and lets each stakeholder do what they're best at. Although this model is tailored for Japanese television, Crunchyroll or Funimation may sit on these committees as international licensing partners and marketers. In a 2020 interview with WIRED, Funimation CEO Colin Decker said he views Funimation's role in internationalizing anime as stewardship. "We don't necessarily seek to change or adapt it." In the past, Funimation has implied it would like to be on more production committees to help anime that it licenses reach a broader international audience.
Netflix, now a big competitor to FuniRoll, takes a less traditional approach. It often circumvents the production committee system, downloading money into particular studios' or producers' budgets to make a Netflix-specific anime—and a lot of the time, those anime are more heavily computer-animated or even somewhat Westernized. Unfettered from the production committee, some of these Netflix originals feel less like anime and more like anime-inspired cartoons. It will be interesting to see whether Funimation will wield its new market power to co-produce more anime, and whether its producers' approach will differ from or compete with Netflix's. (Sudo told WIRED last year that in Japan, there is a lot of excitement around Netflix's anime projects because the direct financing allows directors more freedom over their projects.)
These days, what's bad for creators may be great for consumers—or at least their wallets. "When it comes to streaming services, competition is not good for the consumer," says Christopher Macdonald, CEO of Anime News Network. The breadth of any given season's top anime are scattered across two, three, or even four websites. If an anime fan wanted access to every new show, she'd have to pay $47 a month for access to Crunchyroll, Funimation, HIDIVE, Hulu, Amazon Prime, and Netflix. If Crunchyroll and Funimation combine their libraries under one subscription service, that could be good news for fans; and with their combined licensing power, it's likely fans will get more out of their subscriptions.
"They now have the opportunity to create a unified subscription experience that puts fans first," Macdonald says, "offering the most comprehensive lineup ever."
by Cecilia D'Anastasio
It's never been more obvious that you suck at video games
Culture | December 7
The European Tour wants to bring fans from the armchair to the golf course
The 10,000 faces that launched an NFT revolution
Minecraft's top designer explains its boundless, blocky appeal


To lead on public transport policy, strategy, implementation and related operational and management activities.
To support Leicester City Council in operating with creativity and drive for the benefit of Leicester and its people.
Develop overarching strategies and policies relating to current and future provision of mass transit public transport.
Manage bus service infrastructure and systems including bus stations, passenger information, smart ticketing and bus lane enforcement.
Develop public transport improvement plans e.g. information systems, network coverage, bus service punctuality and service optimisation.
Encourage modal shift in travel and transportation in support of air quality improvements, public health & wellbeing objectives by the provision of attractive public transport services.
Support the economic growth of the city by developing a comprehensive, efficient and effective mass transit public transport system.
Manage, support and develop a diverse team of 22 professional and operational staff in a public facing service plus external contractors and manages budget(s) totalling approximately £10m, and other financial and material resources.
Interpret and advise on new transport related legislation.
A thorough knowledge and understanding of the legal framework governing the provision of public transport.
Knowledge and awareness of bus service provision and management including ticketing, information and bus lane enforcement systems and procedures.
Experience of communicating management reports and information in presentations, reports and verbally.
Experience of developing policy, strategy and action plans.
Experience of /managing a team of professionals supervising and coaching/developing other less experienced staff/ partners.
Experience of using, updating, developing spreadsheet, e-mail, presentations, web, database applications for own/other peoples' use (Desirable).
For an informal discussion please contact Stuart Maxwell (City Transport Director) on 0116 454 1997 or Julian Heubeck on 0116 454 2832.
For further information and to apply, click here.


text:
Locations, IDW Locations, GB:2016 Locations
Astoria Apartment 4B
35th Anniversary: ATC
Right off 30th Avenue, Astoria, New York
Ghosts Encountered:
Sahaq's Herald
Astoria Apartment 4B is the apartment dwelling of Zara and her mother in Astoria, Queens right off of 30th Avenue.[1]
The Cult of Sahaq performed the inception ceremony in Apartment 4B.[2] At some point later, the mother gave birth as the cult chanted. They raised up Zara and proclaimed the Spawn of Sahaq's arrival. It soon became apparent the infant was a girl and concluded they weren't favored after all. A doll was left behind by the cult. They left the apartment to get Chinese then find a new vessel. The cult still paid the woman, allowing her to pay for the apartment for at least seven years. Two years later, a ghost dog manifested in 4B. Zara named it Nunu. At least one of the neighbors began hearing strange sounds, smelling strange odors, and feeling Cold Spots. She sent her grandson to the Ghostbusters to get help.
The Ghostbusters knocked on 4B's door. The mother answered but pretended nothing supernatural was going on. Nunu ran out the door. They blasted at it by the elevators but Nunu went through the wall into the stairwell. Luckily, like in life, it had no idea how to get down the stairs. They trapped it. Zara's mother explained everything to them. Abby Yates scanned Zara while Erin Gilbert questioned the mother why she let a cult impregnate her with the spawn of a demon. The mother admitted she didn't think it would work. Abby confirmed it did and revealed her scan showed her P.K.E. readings were off the chart and even Muhkee radiated it. She was concerned Zara could act like a beacon for her father. Erin asked the mother if the cult mentioned who they were trying to summon. Sahaq's Herald crossed over and answered it was Sahaq. Abby asked when they should expect him. The herald proclaimed, "He shall emerge from between the flow and the stagnation when the Fourth Eye opens upon his issue's second revolution!" While the Ghostbusters dissected his words, the herald exited the apartment through a portal and the room was slimed. Patty Tolan told Erin to give the mother their cleaning formula. The mother just wanted to know if Zara was safe. They departed to do some research on Sahaq.
Ghostbusters 35th Anniversary: Answer The Call Ghostbusters
↑ Young Man (2019). IDW Comics- "Ghostbusters 35th Anniversary: Answer The Call Ghostbusters" (2019) (Comic p.5). Young Man says: "Sure, it's in Astoria, right off thirtieth..."
↑ Zara's Mom (2019). IDW Comics- "Ghostbusters 35th Anniversary: Answer The Call Ghostbusters" (2019) (Comic p.9). Zara's Mom says: "... During the inception ceremony they gave me enough money so me and Zara can stay in this apartment at least another five years, but I haven't seen them since the birth..."
Retrieved from "https://ghostbusters.fandom.com/wiki/Astoria_Apartment_4B?oldid=174298"
IDW Locations
GB:2016 Locations


Is Donald Trump the sharia of American politics? I'm having trouble finding much daylight between Islamic law's repressive blasphemy standards and the mogul's thin-skinned sense of privilege.
They say politics ain't beanbag: People in and around it eventually get slammed by opponents and other critics. But to Trump, the mildest criticisms are "vicious" attacks.
Given the limited time, the slew of candidates to engage, and the grave problems faced by the country, could Kelly have made a better choice than to grill Trump on his derogatory remarks about women? As they say in the debate biz, that's debatable. But the questions she asked were hardly irrelevant.
To Trump the mildest criticisms are "vicious" attacks.
Presidential temperament is often a decisive electoral consideration. Furthermore, the "war on women" meme is a bread-and-butter Democratic attack: regrettably effective against Republicans in the last presidential election and certain to be reprised if Hillary Clinton is the Dems' nominee. How do we gauge Trump as a prospective nominee if we don't get a sense of what ammo can be fired at him and how he is apt to handle it?
For what it's worth, I thought Trump then proceeded to handle this line of questioning fairly well. He pounced on the opportunity to slam political correctness as a big problem in public discourse, much to the delight of the audience. He further suggested that some of the things Kelly quoted had been said in jest, that she was distorting what these seeming slurs indicated about his temperament and character — a claim Kelly did not attempt to shake.
#share#If that had been the end of it, who would care? A series of tough questions on a theme the eventual GOP nominee will have to deal with, and responses that demonstrated Trump's ability to handle it. That would be the end of the matter in any normal debate give-and-take, with any other candidate.
And honestly Megyn, if you don't like it [i.e., nasty remarks about women that Trump said were usually just "kidding"], I'm sorry. I've been very nice to you, although I could probably maybe not be, based on the way you have treated me. But I wouldn't do that.
How she treated him? She's a journalist asking him about statements he does not deny making. That's what journalists do. And what of the claim that he "wouldn't do that" — i.e., wouldn't desist in being "very nice to" Kelly? As soon as the debate ended, he was ripping her demeanor in what sure sounded like "that time of the month" mockery. He panned her as unprofessional. He later suggested that a previously scheduled late-summer vacation she soon took with her family (like many top anchors take that time of year) was really a ploy to hide her purported embarrassment.
Irrational, mercurial, draconian, solipsist — all wrapped up in a neat little persecution complex.
In sum, there was no offense but, rather, a proper line of questioning that was unflattering to Trump because it accurately reported obnoxious public statements he'd made — the same sort of thing every politician should expect to be called on and that every Republican politician is guaranteed to be called on. Trump parried it capably, perhaps even turning it to his advantage. That should have been the end of it, yet Trump could not help but flash the unsavory parts of his personality. He is so self-absorbed that he had to turn the exchange into a personal battle with the journalist; and he is on such a hair-trigger that he went DEFCON 5 over what, essentially, was no offense at all, much less a vicious attack.
Mix in his signature instability: He would never stop treating Kelly nicely, until — turning on a dime — he did . . . just like Carly Fiorina was unattractive until she was "beautiful" . . . and Jeb Bush was a great guy until he was a loser . . . and Ted Cruz was a friend until he was a "nasty" guy that no one would have for a friend . . . and ISIS was Putin's problem until we needed to obliterate them . . . and he was going to roll over all the "stupid" people on Capitol Hill who've screwed everything up until he was going to make deals with his old friends Pelosi, Reid, and Schumer . . . and he was going to round up and kick out 12 million illegal aliens but then bring most of them right back into the country.
#related#How can Trump fans think, based on what he's saying at the moment, that they know what a President Trump would do a year from now? The truth is: No one knows whether what he just said is what he'll be saying five minutes from now.
And that is because Trump is a calculating showman. What he says in the moment is based on expedience, not rooted ideas. That's why, if you stick around long enough, he will get around to saying everything: advocating abortion on demand and, eventually, the sanctity of life; professing admiration for Bill de Blasio and, eventually, Clarence Thomas; gushing praise for Megyn Kelly and, eventually, savaging Megyn Kelly.
Irrational, mercurial, draconian, solipsist — all wrapped up in a neat little persecution complex. I wouldn't put him in the Oval Office, but he has the makings of a fine Saudi sheikh.


text:
Badly Placed Fences Make Angry Neighbours
Bob Aaron in Legal
Frank and Dolores Lipischak are next-door neighbours to Diana DeWolf and Joe Russ on Caille Ave. in the town of Lakeshore in Essex County. Their homes front on Lake St. Clair and their deep lots back onto the municipal street.
When the Lipischaks bought their house in 1969, there was a wire fence running north-south separating the two properties. Shortly afterward, Frank Lipischak replaced it with a new chain link fence in the same location. The fence that was intended to divide the two lots along the property line in fact extended into the DeWolf property by about 3.6 inches.
Due to this misalignment of the boundary fence over a period of many years, the Lipischaks claimed ownership by adverse possession (also known as "squatter's rights") to two specific areas of the DeWolf and Russ property, measuring a total of 192 square feet.
In Ontario, the right to acquire title to a part of a neighbour's property requires exclusive, open, continuous and obvious use without the neighbour's permission for a period of 10 years prior to the date title to the property was converted to the electronic Land Titles system.
DeWolf and Russ objected to the misalignment and eventually the boundary dispute wound up in court before Justice Anthony E. Cusinato in Windsor. The Lipischaks asked the court for a declaration that DeWolf and Russ had lost their title to the disputed area.
The evidence showed that the Lipischaks had occupied a narrow strip of land belonging to the lot next door for more than the minimum 10-year period, starting with their purchase in 1969. The judge concluded that this state of affairs continued for so long because neither of the owners bothered to obtain a land survey report from an Ontario land surveyor.
In his written decision in June 2010, the judge ruled that the Lipischaks owned the disputed strip and DeWolf and Russ were ordered to remove any fences, concrete, trees and other improvements they placed on that land.
Justice Cusinato noted in his decision, "To state that these neighbours . . . have been anything other than neighbourly is an understatement. Each . . . maintained a selfish view of their own rights. While their homes are their castles, it does not extend over the property rights of another."
The judge found that each neighbour was "overly sensitive to their property rights and did not conduct themselves in a manner that may have avoided the conclusion of these issues in a court of law . . . "
In court, DeWolf admitted that she had removed the chain link fence, cut the concrete sidewalk and installed a new fence in the space between the two homes. For this conduct, and her "arrogance to take the law into (her) own hands," the judge awarded her neighbours $5,934 plus taxes for the new fence and sidewalk, $7,500 in punitive damages for her " horrific and excessive conduct," and a further $15,000 in damages for trespass.
Following the release of the judge's decision, DeWolf was also ordered to pay the plaintiff's court costs of $89,371 for an 11-day trial. (The plaintiffs had asked for considerably more.)
DeWolf and Russ appealed to the Ontario Court of Appeal. Last fall, a three-judge panel refused to interfere with the trial judge's findings, and dismissed their appeal, ordering them to pay appeal costs of $20,000 to the Lipischaks.
I calculate the damages and costs awards against the defendants at $138,577, in addition to their own lawyer's bill of perhaps another $100,000 plus.
But it looks like the case is far from over. After the trial, DeWolf and Russ sued the Lipischaks claiming the right to travel over the parcel of land they had lost. As well, they also sued the prior owners of their property for the cost of defending their title and for the loss resulting from the change in the property line.
Windsor lawyer James K. Ball acted for DeWolf at the trial and in the Court of Appeal. In an email last week, he told me "there were no winners in this case." I tend to agree.
Bob Aaron is a sole practitioner at the law firm of Aaron & Aaron in Toronto and a board member of the Tarion Warranty Corp. Bob specializes in the areas of real estate, corporate and commercial law, estates and wills and landlord/tenant law. His Title Page column appears Saturdays in The Toronto Star and weekly on Move Smartly. E-mail bob@aaron.ca
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