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POM. I'm talking with André du Toit on 2nd August in Cape Town. André, what are, could you start perhaps by putting what's happening in the context of the myths, the set of myths that support the Afrikaner, whether it's the trek, the story about Blood River, Slagtersnek?
AD. That's a tall order. I wonder how, I mean I suppose it is a question of who we are talking of if we say the Afrikaner because certainly those myths are quite important to the right wing, I think. Well I was present on the occasion ten years ago, well it was a bit more than ten years ago now, when Professor Flors van Jaarsveld was tarred and feathered. You know of the incident? Here is perhaps the senior Afrikaans historian, Afrikaner nationalist historian, and he has had a fairly changeable career. I mean at some points early on he was one of the earliest Afrikaner historians who took the critical look at aspects of Afrikaner history.
. I mean why I am bringing him in here? Also he wrote a book on the Afrikaner's ideas of his history, which is one of his sort of standard statements of the myth, this was in the late 1950s or early 1960s and then at later periods he was himself much more closely associated with Afrikaner nationalists ideals. But then he wrote a piece in the late 1970s in which he questioned some, well actually quite minor aspects of the Blood River myth and the Day of Atonement. I think his main point was sort of a typical point in that the vow did not actually commit people to observing the day as a day for Sabbath.
. He gave this as a paper at a conference in Pretoria, University of South Africa, and there was advance publicity in the Afrikaans Sunday paper Rapport and it was, I think, probably one of the earliest occasions when Eugene Terre'Blanche and his people made a public intervention and we were sitting there in this very plush synod of the University of South Africa and he started his speech, and then upwards of five or ten minutes some people started coming in at the side entrance. At first one didn't, it was quite late until I caught on what was happening, but in fact what they did was they tarred and feathered him in public for this sacrilege of criticising an aspect of what they took to be an absolute. So I mean certainly for people like Terre'Blanche and his right wingers it's very important to them. But you know if I think of, say, the students I knew at Stellenbosch over the years or my academic colleagues there, then it wouldn't be important to them. I would be quite surprised to find any of the students over the years at Stellenbosch who would take this sort of approach. So maybe it's become important to a particular segment and one would have to look at who these right wingers actually are.
POM. Well looking at your students and, say, colleagues over the years, what sort of a founding myth would they look to?
AD. Yes, well, did he tell you that personal story of something that was an incident that I was involved in quite recently, this was just after the February 2nd speech of De Klerk which of course put the Afrikaans newspapers and media in somewhat of a difficult position, not only because there had been such a radical change of course by the leadership but also because that change of course had been taken without any sort of broader consultation. I mean, it was one of the most surprising aspects of De Klerk's speech that even in the Cabinet not the full Cabinet was informed of all the steps that he was going to take. So from one day to the other virtually people found themselves in a position they had to make sense of and defend and justify a new policy which went in many respects against much of the positions that they had previously taken. And I think, again, it is one of the more significant aspects of what is the way in which the whole of the National Party has kept together and the Afrikaners press has kept together, the government supporting press, in these circumstances.
. But anyway it was quite interesting to see what sort of line they would take in these circumstances and the senior political column in Die Burger, which is syndicated in the other Afrikaans newspapers, is written by current editor of Die Burger, a man called Ebbe Dommisse, and so about a couple weeks after February 2nd I was very interested to see that he had written a quite bold column in which he used a number of historical precedents and incidents, in particular there which was a speech made by General De La Rey who was a famous Boer War General of the 'bittereinders', he and De Wet are really the two most famous Generals. But De La Rey had before the Boer War been actually part of the opposition in the Transvaal Republic, and there is a famous speech which he made when the Transvaal Volksraad met in more or less their last session to debate the war which was then on the cards. And there was quite a militant party of President Kruger and sort of warlike propaganda that we'll take on and thrash the English and drive them into the sea and so on. And then De La Rey stood up and he made a very passionate speech in which he said that this was all wrong and they didn't know what they were talking about. And there was sort of a - this speech worked up to a climax in which he would say, "Let me tell you, let me predict to you, that when you", and he was talking directly to President Kruger at the time, he said, "When you will long have left the country and be in safety in exile I will still be in the field, defending, I and people like me who oppose the war will still be here because we haven't got any choice but we know where our duty lies."
. And then there was a second incident at the end of the war when they had to sign the treaty of - just before the Treaty of Vereeniging, there was again a very remarkable meeting in which - I mean the war had been going on for three years and the British then allowed a meeting of all the commandants, and the military leaders and the civil leaders who had been spread out, they had been fighting a guerrilla war at that stage, to meet and to debate whether they were actually going to accept the peace conditions. That is a document which I can very much recommend to you because there is a verbatim transcription of that whole debate in which people for three days discussed whether they - there are very interesting arguments on whether and why they would continue the war.
PK. What is the document?
AD. It's called the Negotiations, its published by Kestell and Van der Velden and it's called The Peace Negotiations between the Governments of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State at Vereeniging; I can give you the precise title. One of the major arguments, for instance, was between the people who believed, who argued on religious grounds and said that the war had been an act of faith and that it then also became a test of faith; that even if you would give up at this stage, even if all the conditions were against you, then that would mean that that would be the trial of the faith. That actually in the end was the decisive argument, people like De La Rey, who at that stage was the most effective Boer War General, came out very strongly and said, "Well, it is one thing to put your own life on the line, I and my men have done that many times and we will be prepared to do that again, but it is another thing to pursue a war which will lead to the extermination of the community and putting the lives of the women and the children on the line", and so on. So his time there was very influential. In the end everyone but four people of this meeting decided to sign and of the four people who did not, interestingly enough, one of them was the father of one of the bittereinders. I mean all the people there were the so-called bittereinders but amongst those who were present who had first refused to resign was a man called Reitz who had been President of the Free State some years before and who was in a senior position in the Transvaal Republic and who was a bit of a career politician. And he made a bit of a stand saying he is not going to put his hand to that document and then De La Rey challenged him, and he said, again one has got the verbatim quotes in which he challenged Reitz, and said, "Well you know when the war was on the cards, you were one of the warmongers and I opposed the war at that stage. But when we started fighting the war you were not on the commando with us." And in fact Reitz, I think at one stage, had been with Kruger in exile, "And now you refuse to sign, so I'm not letting you get away with it this time. For once in your life you are going to be a man and you are going to sign there on the dotted line and you are going to accept the consequences."
. So there were a series of incidents like this which after February 2nd Dommisse then used as historical examples bringing that into an argument of why it was necessary to do different things now. Which to me was particularly interesting because ten years ago I wrote a little book called, in Afrikaans, The Sins of the Fathers, in which I dealt with the model and other responsibilities of Afrikaner intellectuals and so on, and had used precisely these three incidents in that order and to some extent they were, I have to ferret around in historical evidence to get hold of them, but at the time I then became the target of a furious political onslaught led by this guy who is the editor of Die Burger, or he allowed it really, some of my colleagues at Stellenbosch who took me to task and wrote, we had a long public controversy in correspondence columns of Die Burger and I was very upset at the time about the way in which Die Burger had abused their position, and Dommisse had abused his position of editor of Die Burger in allowing them all sorts of leeway. So now ten years on, here was the same guy using the same set of incidents which he could have got from nowhere else than from the book which I had written at that time. So I think what I am saying is that there are still things, the one is that I don't think that if, except in the quarters of the far right of Eugene Terre'Blanche and his people that the sort of classical myths of Blood River and Slagtersnek and these sort of things are being used in political discussions and thinking at this stage.
. But there certainly is a need for in trying to make sense and finding your own position, or finding some precedents and material and that may be different ones. I mean in that issue of The Afrikaner, which I gave you today, there is an article in English by Ken Owen in which he comes up with quite an interesting, also historical, precedent that he is trying to make sense of what had happened to De Klerk and the National Party now and he then says what he calls the Boer liberals now. And interestingly enough he then also uses historical precedents and says what one should think of here is really the commando, the kind of institution which in the 18th and 19th century was developed in frontier conflict.
. But this is now a total reversal, I mean, for the last decades Afrikaner identity has been defined by many Afrikaner nationalists and by their critics in terms of rigid ideological principles and Calvinism and that sort of thing. Now Ken Owen says, "Well, if you have got to understand these people you must see where they come from. They come from the frontier, they've got no principles, what they have got is a social institution which can change course in any direction. I mean the commando is a highly mobile thing which works on the basis of tactical alliances which can change from day to day. So again he is trying to use historical precedents, and one which I would myself say is in genuine historical terms, is probably closer to the actual 19th century roots of Afrikaner political traditions and institutions than this notion of the Verwoerdian ridged ideologue. I think that was recent.
POM. How has what has happened challenged the Afrikaner's sense of identity? How the Afrikaner perceived himself or herself and are there, will it require ...?
AD. Well again I think one of the things which is happening is that there is no longer even - I think there was never anything such as "the" Afrikaner but there was a time where many people believed in "the" Afrikaner and in some sort of an identity which was in social and political terms publicly accepted. I think that now is no longer even believed in and one of the things that - well the reasons for that are various sorts of things. In part it is changed circumstances and the old one can, just the implications of changing demographics, both the world historical scene and demographic ratios, I mean the whites in South Africa used to be 20% of the population, we are now down to about 13%. On projections by the first decade of the twenty-first century we will be less than 10% and that then is not just the declining proportion of the overall population. I think the decisive thing is that until about 1970 the proportion of whites were sufficient to provide all the skilled manpower. So all the managerial positions, all the skilled positions, all the intellectual positions, there were enough whites around to fill those slots and to sustain economic growth. And somewhere in the early seventies there was a watershed there and it became clear, and this has now been generally accepted both in the business world and by political planners and so on, that if you want to keep growing economically then all the projections show that the majority of skilled and managerial and technical positions very soon will be filled by blacks.
. So in the beginning of this century people thought of the white man's country and that could be sustained; even if it was just 20% of the population it could be. But we are living in a society where at every level it's clear that that is not on. And that is coupled then with the changes in the external environment. The economisation in Africa and the whole thing that has happened now in Namibia and so on. Now I think we are seeing the same process repeating itself in different levels and context. I saw it first with the students at Stellenbosch. Round about the end of the seventies a very different generation came through who just had no problems with a number of things which had been unthinkable previously. I'm not talking now about the totality of students, I'm talking about the critical intellectual leaders and so on and they were just taking stands on issue after issue which had been enormously problematic and difficult for previous generations but were no longer (problematic) for them.
. When I tried to reflect on that and make sense of what was happening here I came up with a number of things. The one was that these were now, in many cases, second and third generation academic people. I mean, their fathers and certainly their grandparents up until the fifties, people who came to Stellenbosch were first generation academics, they were moving up and coming from rural and different social backgrounds so they were insecure, they had identity needs and so on. These were now the sons of the professors and of the judges and of the business leaders and some of the daughters and so they came from a very much more secure and affluent background and lifestyle.
. Secondly these were the people who had been, when it came to the political consciousness during Soweto 1976 and afterwards, I mean those were the days where they were in high school and first started to take notice of what was happening. And those were the days when blacks were demonstrating in the streets and challenging and these were the people to whom at that time - this was when liberation came to Zimbabwe and so on. So what had happened there was that these people now were assuming that they are going to spend the larger part of their lives and careers under some kind of a black majority government. That it was inevitable that that was going happen. And they didn't know what form it would take or how it would come about, but nevertheless they took it for granted. That's what happened in Zimbabwe and I think what happened in Zimbabwe was very important because Mugabe came to power and that was not the end of the road.
. If you look inside apartheid and under apartheid you think of black majority government or the end of apartheid as somehow the end, there is nothing beyond that, you know. Now you are dealing with a younger generation who are seeing their lives as taking place somewhere on the other side of apartheid and under a majority government and they then begin to make career choices and think about it in those terms. And so the whole student political culture at a place like Stellenbosch changed quite radically from the late seventies and the early eighties. The older people of course lag behind. I think they have a much more difficult time in going through with it.
. But I think what has happened now, and what has happened now with De Klerk, is something similar. And my explanation, you see, De Klerk took all of us by surprise. No-one, I've not met a single person who predicted before what he did in February or who even afterwards claimed that he had anticipated it and was not surprised. And then there is a question now, I mean, how did this happen? Because we have become so accustomed to the leadership of the National Party and the government in this role of ad hoc crisis management and them trying to hold back the floods as long as they can and when they can no longer then they give in and they call it reform. This had been the pattern of leadership for, well as far as one could remember. Now suddenly you had this boat now, how was this possible? I mean what had happened there and you get stories of people who tell, and maybe there is something to it, that he'd had some kind of conversion experience and there are certain religious aspects to his personal story.
. Nevertheless I think what had happened, was a similar sort of thing, a kind of a paradigm shift, like those young Afrikaner kids who suddenly start thinking in terms of a post-apartheid scenario and that's the same sort of thing that had been quite prominent in discussion in opposition and amongst the resistance circles. In the course of the eighties there had been a lot of talk about post-apartheid South Africa and that we should not only concentrate on how we struggle against apartheid and how are we going but we should begin to get to grips with what the nature of the economy and social life and politics after the end of apartheid will be. And I think that is the shift which De Klerk has made. That he is a younger generation, Botha and Vorster were both older, he's early fifties, so he is thinking in a longer time span. And he somehow made that shift to think outside of the apartheid paradigm and in a longer time perspective.
. And then you come back to the other part of the equation and discover that actually, no, this is not the end of the story. Actually if one looks at the position of the National Party and at the government in that perspective they've got some pretty strong cards to play and they've got a strong political base in the state itself and all the resources of the state. They have got a strong constituency in the National Party and so on and if they play their cards right then they can call the shots for a considerable time to come. And he has been doing that quite successfully. So I think that sort of shift.
. But now coming back to your earlier, your first, question, I think these shifts have more to do with coming to some terms of what the actually transitional situation is in which you find yourself rather than with the historical ideas of what you find yourself, what you thought your identities were. Maybe now there is a new need to find, to connect up again, and one will perhaps find the kinds of stories of De La Rey himself.
POM. This is what I'm getting at, how do the myths need to be reconstructed to give a sense of identity? I mean one of the things that has struck me and Patricia, we've talked to a very wide range of members of the Conservative Party and if asked the question of how do they see themselves, first as an Afrikaner or as a South African, it's invariably as an Afrikaner and it's the past and it's the bible and it's the Calvinism and it's the purity all the things. But they are not just a narrow circle of people, they are educated people, they are people of refinement and I'm wondering in some larger sense has the Afrikaner's set of beliefs about themselves been fractured in some way and that it needs to be reconstructed and is any reconstruction going on?
AD. Well I think you're finding a number of different things happening. I think in that group you certainly have a very strong sustained identification with that history and that identity and obviously a need for it. You're also finding many Afrikaners who now have a different kind of social and cultural confidence and who no longer feel the need to identify themselves with that particular, but still see themselves as Afrikaners. I spoke this morning, I'm just thinking now, for instance, of an incident, I spoke this morning about this workshop we had in IDASA - they attract to their staff some of the most able and articulate young, politically conscious young people from different sectors. There are some English guys with liberal backgrounds and there are blacks, very interesting blacks, and but also Afrikaans people and it is very interesting to see how those traditional backgrounds translate into different stands. For instance, in this policy discussion of IDASA - now IDASA had a great problem in defining for itself a role which would not put it into competition with the black extra parliamentary organisations so from the beginning IDASA defined itself that it's primary task was that it could facilitate interaction and communication between all groups in South Africa but primarily it was concerned in educating the whites. Now that was the way it set itself up. One of the interesting things that happens now after February 2nd is that at a discussion like this, one after the other blacks stand up and say, and I mean these are older people and younger people, they say, the time for that is past. IDASA must now address itself to certain areas and issues and no longer worry about just directing itself primarily to the white constituency. At that point there are the different reactions from the white liberal English speaking, NUSAS background. ISASA people had tremendous difficulty with that and they say, no, no, no, that would be a terrible mistake, that would be absolutely wrong, we can't possibly do that, that would be wrong and the Afrikaans people, those with an Afrikaans background and the blacks themselves have no problems with it. They say, well obviously this is what we must do.
. So those kind of Afrikaans people, and one finds them all over the place, still see themselves as Afrikaners, they want to be recognised in terms of their behaviour, that they are rooted in different kinds of culture and political tradition but they have no need or problem for somehow linking that up with this notion of the Afrikaner and that particular sentiment. Maybe, like myself, but I'm particularly interested in historical things so I'm going to find things like De La Rey stories and Stockenstrom (Sir Andries) stories and that. But I think there is a group, significant politically and socially, of progressive and dissident Afrikaners who no longer have got that need to define themselves in those terms but still to give that particular content to it but still are, no bones about it, acting as Afrikaners.
POM. Is there a particular phenomenon of Afrikaner nationalism? Is it a nationalism in its own right?
AD. Well it is a difficult question because in some senses the answer to it is obviously yes, there is no question about it and the nationalist component, I mean the whole history of the National Party and the historical myths and the institutions and the cultural organisations and so on, obviously yes. On the other hand while there are some difficult question marks, let me give you one example; I once had a Canadian visitor here who came from Quebec and he was particularly interested in what he expected to be analogies between the Quebecois, the French cultural and nationalist concerns, and Afrikaner nationalist concerns, and he was totally frustrated because on every single issue which he thought would be a major issue somehow things worked very differently. I mean the Quebecois, they define themselves in terms of language and cultural symbols and so on and then they take very practical steps to ensure that the language community is as large as it possibly can be and that everyone who somehow is French or potentially French that he is locked into institutions and so on.
. Here we have a substantial minority group, the so called coloureds who are Afrikaans speaking and who have historically been excluded in every possible way that people could think of. OK, then you could say well that's just racism, that is the way in which the nationalist things don't go together. But likewise if you take the example for instance of immigrants, there has been quite substantial immigration from European countries in this century, Dutch, and German and so on. The Quebecois would have made very sure that not a single one of them became part of the anglicised community. Here I think it would be interesting to do a survey and find out and my guess would be that the Dutch and German and other European immigrants, my guess would be 85% to 90% of them have become part of the English speaking community. And there were no attempts made, serious attempts, to strengthen that cultural and that language community by drawing in the coloureds.
. Now at that point you have to begin to ask, if you talk to your right wing people they will tell you how important the language is and how important the culture and that sort of thing is. But if that is not translated in practical ways, which it could have been, then one must ask, now just what is going on here? What are the assumptions? I'm not suggesting that they are not sincere or they hypocritical or so on, but certainly in terms of the question of whether it is an unrecognisable nationalist movement in the way in which we understand it in comparable cases elsewhere in the world, there are anomalies and I think � yes, well, at the end of the day I would say Afrikaners have always been, in this society, historically a minority group except for a fairly brief and exceptional period since the middle of this century, from 1948 onwards. And you see many of the problems in your question, what about "the" Afrikaner, what about "the" Afrikaner historical identity, is that the notions about who the Afrikaner is, his historical identity was very much shaped and determined at that point, in the fifties, the sixties, the high point, and then people take that as the norm and then anything that deviates from that - I mean I currently had this phenomenon with Afrikaner students, Stellenbosch students, that they would then think that they are the first generation ever to be different from this norm. Whereas if you take a large historical perspective ...
POM. Something very similar took place in Ireland after the founding of the state, since the constitutional tradition, which had always been the minority, had never really had support. Since it won all of history was viewed through the uprising of 1916 and made to fit this particular myth.
AD. And now in that sense there are four periods that could then be - I mean they did get into power and they did use the resources of the state and education and everything else to really imprint that but then they have again been overtaken by events so in the longer historical perspective one can ask whether someone like De Klerk now, whether that is such an unprecedented kind of politics that for the first time ever he is making rules that no Afrikaner previously dreamt of doing or, you say well actually, I mean, there Ken Owen has got his point, if you look at what De Klerk is doing now and if you look at the Afrikaners as a minority group finding themselves in very complex and changing configurations and having tactical alliances ...
POM. Does it surprise you that De Klerk doesn't attempt to put his message in this kind of historical context where he can show that the actions are in the traditions of the people, in the tradition of their history?
AD. I think there's a problem there, I think there is a problem there. I mean, he has been making very few mistakes. I must say over the years I've been fairly critical of De Klerk as a politician as I've know him until this year, but since he has gone into power he has made very few mistakes. But one of the mistakes I think he is making is that he is not, I wouldn't necessarily just emphasise the historical part of it, but I think there is a process of education necessary and that one must think that what he should be doing is use the television, have almost sort of FDR fireside chats and just have a very low key chat with viewers and bring people into some sort of understanding of what is going on and why it is happening and so. And then I think the historical thing would be part of that. I think probably that he himself would find it quite difficult to provide that historical thing.
. Well on the one hand, De Klerk again, when I speak about his confidence, I mean he is a supremely confident politician and that must have something to do with the fact that unlike Botha, I mean Botha was again the first generation politician, Botha was somebody who started off as a party hack. He was a very junior organiser. He spent his early career going around and bashing up people at meetings. He has got no academic background. He hasn't got any sort of social standing and he had to work his way up through the ranks until he got into power. So in Botha there was always a very continuing degree of social and political insecurity. De Klerk comes from a very old and well established political family. His father was Cabinet minister, his father was Senator de Klerk, leader of the party in the Transvaal. His brother is a senior Afrikaans newspaper editor and so on. I think he is very secure of his own Afrikaner and party values and has got no need to justify that. But on the other hand in terms of ideals, certainly of historical ideals, I think he grew up in this period of what Afrikaner history was about, so he probably simply doesn't know any wider history which he himself could use. But he probably then should find people, when you have these fireside chats he should probably be briefed by people who could tell him about De La Rey or Stockenstrom, but he has not been doing that and I think there is a gap.
. You see what is happening, if I say that he has been doing really well in terms of keeping his party with him, I mean it is amazing that since February 2nd there has not been a single defection from the party. I think there was one speech by one member of parliament which indicated some reservations. And there have been very few, as far as I know, resignations at the organisational level. Part of the reason for that, and this is where the problem again lies, is that he has told the members of his caucus that they need not worry about going to fight another white only election, that the next election will be under very changed circumstances. So they are not worried about the backlash and what is happening in their constituency. So he is keeping his party, he is keeping his press and so on. But there is a very real problem in his constituency. I think the overwhelming majority of not just Afrikaners but whites generally are totally nonplussed and overwhelmed by the turn of events. If you had been brought up to believe that people like Joe Slovo are the devil and not only are they the devil but like the devil they were totally unknown entities, I mean it was very interesting when Joe Slovo now came out into public, many blacks were surprised that Slovo was not a black man. I mean they all along assumed that Slovo must be black, and similarly whites. Now if you have been forever been trained on that and suddenly now here is the SACP, it is very difficult for people to make that adjustment and they are not really addressing that.
POM. The government did their own propaganda in the schools. When your children went to school what did they learn about or what books were used, what history books? What I want to get at is one of the things that fascinates me, again going to conservatives, of their saying we were here first, we took nothing, we moved up the country, we took virgin land and the black man moved down and he got his bit and we got our bit but this is our land, we don't need to give it back to anyone. Today what is taught in schools?
AD. Well my own experience, and certainly I think my children as well, is that maybe there are schools and groups in which that sort of history is taught and is effective so you get the new generation of right wing people who believe it. But mostly what happens is that people are just totally switched off. That history is so blatantly serving the cause and propaganda that you are not interested in it. And I had to discover, I took history at school and a year or so at university and it was a major breakthrough and discovery for me later when I started doing some research of my own and actually for the first time discovered all the interesting things and what was going on there. So this is just a deadweight.
. Let me give you a little example; one of the ways in which it worked, you'd get a thing like, say, the Slagtersnek story which at the beginning of the century was used in extremely partisan ways to mobilise Afrikaner nationalists and as such was an effective story, was a good story to tell. Now what happens is that that then comes into the textbooks, but these textbooks had to be rewritten from time to time and people begin to worry that you can't be so blatantly partisan in telling this, so what tends to happen is that the Slagtersnek episode stayed in the history books but it is sanitised. And it loses all of its power and its force and it really doesn't make sense any more. So the poor child who then has to read that, you know there are episodes there in which I can tell, there is one that would say in this Slagtersnek, for instance, in the original partisan version it was very important that the troops, the government troops who came to capture Bezuidenhout that these were the Cape Corps which is Coloured troops. And then in the nationalist version it was clear why he wouldn't let himself be captured because no white man is going to let himself be captured by Coloureds. Now so that the version which makes sense, which was told, it's wrong of course, I mean Bezuidenhout himself was actually part of the Afrikaner community historically, he had a Xhosa wife, I mean he was on the other side of the border and he was a frontier ruffian and so on. So it is just wrong, historically wrong. Now the historians can't in good conscience repeat that part of it so they sanitised it and then you get an episode which to the child who comes at this cold just doesn't make sense. I mean why wouldn't he let himself be captured here? So I mean, that's the way, and I mean their history as such calls for, certainly for our children.
POM. Did your children go to school learning that the Afrikaner was here, with virgin land?
AD. Well one would have to ask them, I wouldn't, on a detail ...
POM. But are there standard curriculum books that are used for examinations?
AD. Yes, we could ask my daughter. She is here, it would be interesting to hear from her on that particular point, what the textbooks say. In her case, early eighties that was still being said. But you know, I think one of the effects of when the Afrikaners came into power they made great use of the schools, Christian national education. Everyone emphasises the significance of this. Now, well, maybe Christian national education in these history textbooks, maybe they did produce large numbers of people, generations who were then, their identities and views were formed in that image. There also could be something else and that is relativist, cultural relativists, people who - I mean children aren't stupid. If they go to school and they pick up that there is an agenda to the history that they are being taught then they draw their own lessons from that. When my son was in middle school they had a fundamentalist religious teacher, there was a period of religious instruction or something of that sort, and this guy literally told them that the earth had been, I didn't know that there were still people who believed this, but he literally told them that the earth had been created six thousand years ago and that all this geology and that was just false. So I asked Andries. Well Andres was a bit outraged by this because they were taking at the same time a school subject, geography and being told about the age of the earth and so on, so I asked Andries, "OK, you know how outrageous it is but what about your school mates, what do the other boys say, who do they believe? Do they believe the religious instruction teacher or do they believe the geography teacher?" And his response to that was that he said, "Well it depends in whose class they are. If they are in the religious instructor's class they know that is what he expects." So when you've got a school curriculum which has got an obvious political and cultural agenda to it, I mean children aren't just the dupes of this. And one of my problems ...


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Penguin no. 1702: Six Great Advocates
by Lord Birkett
The advocate no longer plays the part in our public life that he once did. The fashionable divorce suit, the sensational libel action, the great murder trial - they are no longer the dramatic events that once occupied public attention to the exclusion of almost everything else. The television star and the film actor or actress, idolized by millions, now take pride of place. But men must be judged by the standards of the age in which they lived and worked, and in his day, Marshall Hall was one of the greatest figures of his world. He was one of the greatest of advocates when he was at his best.
This short book contains the transcripts of a series of seven talks that Lord Birkett (Norman Birkett, K.C.) gave on consecutive Sunday evenings on the BBC in April and May of 1961, the year before he died, sketching the careers and attributes of six of Britain's greatest advocates, and giving his thoughts on the importance of advocacy. He was himself recognised as a great advocate, famous for his successes defending Mrs Hearn and Tony Mancini in their trials for murder. Called late to the Bar at the age of 30, having spent time as a draper and as a preacher, he met with early success and was invited into Marshall Hall's chambers, functioning as his junior, and going on to become a Member of Parliament, a High Court Judge, and an alternative Judge at the Nuremberg Trials.
Given the opportunity to nominate six outstanding advocates he chooses Edward Marshall Hall, Patrick Hastings, Edward Clarke, Rufus Isaacs, Charles Russell, and Thomas Erskine, three of whom he had known, and three who had lived in earlier times but whose fame had endured. He stresses repeatedly that it is impossible to assess the brilliance of these men by considering only the written records of their speeches, which can seem sentimental, or flowery, or unconvincing to modern ears. Instead, it is necessary to rely on the impressions recorded by their contemporaries, for their words were chosen to meet the challenge of a transient moment, and they should be judged by those who witnessed them in action, and in reference to the times during which they lived. He suggests their skill is as much in their presentation as in their words, for advocacy is multi-dimensional, combining drama, passion, gesture, expression, tone of voice, and force of personality, all tailored to fit one particular moment in time.
And it seems there is no one set of attributes which combine to produce the greatest of advocates. The men he chose excelled in different ways, Marshall Hall and Edward Clarke eloquent and poetic, Patrick Hastings disdaining eloquent speech but ruthless in his cross examinations, and Charles Russell with his forceful and dominating personality. However, the men all seem to have shared a determination to succeed and an ambition to be famous, and most experienced the need to overcome some initial setback, such as childhood poverty or a poorly chosen first career.
It is Thomas Erskine who Lord Birkett nominates as the very greatest of English advocates. Erskine was born in Edinburgh in 1750 into poverty, despite being the youngest son of the Earl of Buchan, and was forced to give up his education to go to sea before buying a commission in the army, spending his leisure memorising Shakespeare, and eventually studying for the Bar. Although his poverty was great, his success was immediate, and it came to him by chance: newly qualified and seeking shelter from the rain at the house of a friend one evening, he was observed by Captain Baillie, the Lieutenant Governor of Greenwich Hospital and defendant in a high profile case of criminal libel, who subsequently sent the unknown advocate a retainer. The speech Erskine gave at the trial was universally credited as responsible for the victory, and his career was assured. It was a career devoted to pursuing freedom, and he fought for the rights of jurors, for free speech, for the freedom of the press, and for the rights of citizens to use lawful means to protest against the government. He changed the way men thought, and set new standards for advocacy.
Birkett quotes the words of Swift that the Bar '[are] a society of men ...bred up from their youth in the art of proving by words multiplied for the pleasure, that white is black, and black is white, according as they are paid', acknowledging that advocates are paid to plead a case irrespective of their personal views on any matter, and irrespective of their beliefs as to the guilt of their client. He suggests that it must be this way, for refusing to defend someone believed to be guilty usurps the role of the judge and the jury. And even when the guilt is certain, the system is supported by a strong defence, for the requirement on the prosecution to prove its case means that it is more likely that a guilty person goes free, than that an innocent one is convicted. It is impossible not to get a sense, though, in reading Birkett's words, that an advocate represents not only his client's interests, but also his own, and his esteem and prestige seem based principally on winning cases, and especially on winning those cases in which the evidence of guilt is almost overwhelming.
Birkett is a persuasive speaker, and his admiration for his profession and his interest in its history are evident. I enjoyed the book mostly for its attempts to carry knowledge forward - to remember the stories and contributions of people who have lived, and its evocation of a past which seems so foreign, in which murder by arsenic seems incredibly common, and in which advocates were revered.
Labels: Biography, Green spine, Penguin books, vintage Penguin paperback
The Passing Tramp 19 April 2012 at 04:00
Very interesting sounding book, thanks.
Sarah 26 April 2012 at 16:33
Yes this does sound interesting Karyn and not necessarily a book I would normally be rushing to read. I'll look out for it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Universities: 3 Universities From the US, China and Italy Launch ACE, a Triple Degree in Business Administration
Universities: 3 Universities From the US, China and Italy Launch ACE, a Triple Degree in Business AdministrationInitiative of Luiss Guido Carli, Renmin University of China and George Washington UniversityGlobeNewswireFebruary 21, 2022
ROME, Feb. 21, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Luiss Guido Carli University (Rome), Renmin University of China (Beijing) and George Washington University (Washington, DC) are launching "ACE", which stands for "America, China & Europe", a brand new triple degree in Business Administration which – by bringing together three different countries, with their managerial and institutional cultures – represents an absolute new entry.
The highly innovative and geographically itinerant four-year ACE degree programme will give students the opportunity to obtain three degrees, one for each University, valid and recognised in the United States, China and Europe, and to aspire to positions of responsibility in multinational and global institutions. This international learning experience will allow students to immerse themselves in the economic, social and managerial culture of the three continents.
Enrolled students will spend the first year at their respective Universities learning the fundamentals of economics and management.
They will then jointly attend the second, third and fourth years in the three capitals, starting from Luiss University in Rome, moving on to Renmin University in Beijing, and concluding their studies in the United States, at George Washington University. The enrolment fees for ACE are in line with the university fees of the student's home university for the entire duration of the course.
"The ACE degree programme, the result of a partnership between Luiss, Renmin and George Washington University, places Italy at the centre of the international higher education scene and aims to respond to the need to train 'future-ready' global managers capable of working and interacting in increasingly multicultural contexts," said Luiss University Rector Andrea Prencipe. "Drawing an ideal read thread between the capitals of Rome, Beijing and Washington, in line with our Strategic Plan and an innovative educational model, means for us training professionals with a cosmopolitan character and encouraging the international mobility of talents," he added.
"Renmin University of China, one of China's top universities, is the first institution to introduce business education programmes in the People's Republic of China. Our university also benefits from close industrial ties and a large alumni network," said Liu Wei, President of Renmin University of China.
"In 2019," he continued, "Renmin University of China and Luiss Guido Carli University jointly launched the Social Sciences Universities Network (SSUN), the first university network in the humanities and social sciences worldwide that contributes to the growth of future global leaders. This new "ACE" Global BA is a significant milestone for SSUN in exploring innovative models of talent development. What makes this triple degree programme unique is its ability to integrate the strengths of three world-class universities in the social sciences, giving graduates a strong competitive advantage in the labour market."
LaPresse SpA Communication and Press Office Director
Barbara Sanicola - barbara.sanicola@lapresse.it
+39 02 26305578 M +39 333 3905243
A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/774bf4c9-c88f-4cf2-9cef-f9ae51366480
The photo is also available at Newscom, www.newscom.com, and via AP PhotoExpress.


Coordinating with an exterior painting crew, Cleary and Son, Inc. performed a full restoration of the windows of this Greek Revival style Weston home, as seen in the photo above. We removed the window sash to our shop where it was completely restored, reglazed and painted by us as specified by the painting contractor. In order to address all painting issues behind the existing storm windows, the painter removed them as the work progressed. When the painting project was completed, we installed new storm windows by Allied and Harvey.
This project was under the management of S + H Construction.
Wood windows fully restored, note new storms, by Allied.
Note role original windows play in setting the tone for this interior.
192 Felton St., Waltham, MA 02453, U.S.
All Contents Copyright © Cleary and Son, Inc., All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: How can I tell when my Android alert dialog is cancelled? Here is my alert:
new AlertDialog.Builder(Activity.this)
    .setMessage("You have unsaved text. Are you sure you want to leave?")
    .setCancelable(true)
    .setNegativeButton("Leave", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id)
        {
            finish();
        }
    })
    .setPositiveButton("Stay", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {}
    }).show();

Notice how I allow the alert to be cancelable: .setCancelable(true)
How can I run some code once the alert is cancelled by the user pressing the back button?

A: According to the AlertDialog.Builder documentation on Android's website, you can use the setOnCancelListener (DialogInterface.OnCancelListener onCancelListener) method to handle when the dialog is cancelled.
.setOnCancelListener(new DialogInterface.OnCancelListener() {
    @Override
    public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog)
    {
        // do what you need when the dialog is cancelled
    }
})

So, your code would change to this:
new AlertDialog.Builder(Activity.this)
    .setMessage("You have unsaved text. Are you sure you want to leave?")
    .setCancelable(true)
    .setOnCancelListener(new DialogInterface.OnCancelListener() {
        @Override
        public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog)
        {
            // do what you need when the dialog is cancelled
        }
    })
    .setNegativeButton("Leave", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id)
        {
            finish();
        }
    })
    .setPositiveButton("Stay", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {}
    }).show();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
"The ACC is a great conference," Shaffer said. "We just haven't put a run together and finished in Omaha.
"It's time for someone to get on the board for us."
Hurt fan wants to visit again
The fan hit by a line drive Saturday was treated and released at a local hospital and, the Biscuits say, hopes to attend another game soon.
The fan, identified by the Biscuits as Billy Sims of Phenix City, was taken by ambulance to Jackson Hospital. He was conscious and "in good spirits" when he left Riverwalk, Biscuits general manager Scott Trible said.
Sims was hit in the face by a line drive in the ninth inning of Montgomery's 1-0 win and caused a 29-minute delay.
The Biscuits presented him with the ball, autographed by the team.
17: Total hits for the Mobile BayBears in Sunday's 12-6 win over the Biscuits.
1: Games this year in which the Biscuits have surrendered more hits.
1: Games this year in which the Biscuits have given up more runs.
3: Times Biscuits manager Brady Williams has been ejected this season after home-plate umpire Garrett Patterson heaved him in the sixth inning Sunday.
Sunday: 2,007
Season total (34 dates): 140,706 (4,138 average)
2013 (34 dates): 138,423 (4,071 average)
TODAY'S GAME
Mobile, 7:05 p.m.
Biscuits right-hander Roberto Gomez (2-4, 5.82 ERA) and BayBears right-hander A.J. Schugel (3-1, 3.80) are scheduled to start the series finale.
It's also the final scheduled game between Montgomery and Mobile this season.
BISCUITS' NEXT 5 GAMES
Tuesday: at Huntsville, 6:30 p.m.
Wednesday: at Huntsville, 6:30 p.m.
Thursday: at Huntsville, 6:30 p.m.
Friday: at Huntsville, 6:30 p.m.
Saturday: at Huntsville, 6:30 p.m.


Talk Your Way To Happiness? | Peoplefinders | Learn More Now !
People Search » Talk Your Way To Happiness?
A recent study conducted by the University of Arizona and Washington University in St. Louis showed that people who spend more time talking tend to be happier. The study concluded that happy people have more substantial conversations, not just small talk.
Researchers listened in on volunteers over a four-day period and recorded snippets of conversations. The recordings were categorized as either small talk or substantive exchanges, and people who regularly engaged in more serious chats with family and friends were the happiest.
When the study ended, researchers concluded that happier people spend up to 70% more time talking than unhappy people. They also determined that happy people enjoy two times as many substantial conversations. In the end, even the small talk seemed to help. Happier people also engaged in nearly 33% more chitchat.
At PeopleFinders, these results don't surprise us. We've always believed that one of the true keys to happiness comes from spending time with family and friends. These are the people who share our secrets, rejoice in our successes and help us through difficult times. That's why we're dedicated to helping people find and reconnect with others. Our People Search service can help you find anyone, anywhere.
Results from the study will be detailed in an issue of Psychological Science. The overall point the article will make is that those who share more time with people they care about, and less time alone, tend to be the happiest. It just goes to show that happiness, as we're fond of saying, is all about a connection.
If you've lost touch with people from your past who brought joy into your life, we can help you find them. Visit PeopleFinders.com to search for people and learn how to contact them today. Reconnect with the ones you love, bring more happiness into all your lives and thank you for reading the PeopleFinders People Search blog.


text:
Federal agents nab nearly 200 people in L.A.-area immigration raids targeting criminals
President Trump's promised crackdown on illegal immigration by the numbers.
By Sarah Parvini,
Joel Rubin
Federal immigration agents arrested nearly 200 people in the Los Angeles area during a five-day dragnet targeting criminal offenders living in the country illegally, U.S. officials said Thursday.
Agents arrested 188 people in an operation targeting "at-large criminal aliens, illegal re-entrants and immigration fugitives," according to a statement from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Nearly 90% — 169 — of those arrested in the operation, which ended Wednesday, had prior convictions, officials said. Those arrested included nationals from 11 countries. The majority, 146 people, are from Mexico. Others are nationals of El Salvador, Armenia, Honduras, Thailand, Yugoslavia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Russia and the Philippines, according to ICE.
Among them was a 29-year-old Salvadoran national who was deported in 2013 after serving a nine-year prison term for rape and who returned to the United States illegally, ICE said in a statement. Also detained were a previously deported 51-year-old from Mexico convicted of cocaine trafficking, a 47-year-old from Mexico with prior convictions for felony assault and another conviction for battery, and a 26-year-old Salvadoran national who is a registered sex offender, according to ICE.
Other criminal convictions included drug offenses, domestic violence, DUI, sex crimes, battery, weapons violations, assault, burglary, fraud, vehicle theft, arson, cruelty to a child, robbery, obstructing justice, property damage, larceny, escape, manslaughter, prostitution, trespassing, incest, receipt of stolen property, and illegal entry or re-entry, ICE said.
Immigrants who are not being criminally prosecuted will be processed for removal from the country, ICE said.
"By taking these individuals off the streets and removing them from the country, we're making our communities safer for everyone," David Marin, field office director for enforcement and removal operations in Los Angeles, said in a statement.
Officials have said that ICE practices in Los Angeles have not changed, despite President Trump's promised crackdown on those in the United States illegally.
Although arrests by ICE are up 35% nationwide since Trump took office, they remain relatively flat in Southern California as of earlier this month. Arrests of immigrants without criminal pasts have remained low in the L.A. region as well, as agents are doing little, if anything, differently from what they were under the previous administration, ICE officials say.
The 188 arrests made this week are in line with the number of people nabbed in similar operations ICE periodically carries out in the region. In February, for example, more than 150 people were arrested during a weeklong campaign, and ICE again ramped up arrests during a several-day stretch last July, which resulted in 112 arrests.
ICE refers to the increased activity as expanded enforcement operations to set them apart from typical arrest levels, which are somewhat lower. ICE's Los Angeles field office, which covers a huge area from San Luis Obispo to San Clemente and from the coast to the Nevada border, has nine teams of agents who arrest people suspected of being in the country illegally. At least one of the teams is active each day and will typically target just a handful of people.
Other agents, meanwhile, focus on arresting people as they are released from local jails.
In the three months after Trump took office, agents in the L.A. field office made 2,273 arrests — marking little change from the 2,166 arrests during the same period last year and a decline from the 2,719 arrests in 2015, according to ICE figures. Ninety percent of the people arrested this year had criminal records, the highest percentage among all ICE offices in the United States, the numbers show.
The L.A. figures differ starkly from those in Atlanta, Dallas and elsewhere, where the number of people without criminal records arrested by ICE has jumped dramatically in the months since Trump took office. In Atlanta, for example, noncriminal arrests rose more than fivefold over last year and accounted for a third of all ICE arrests.
sarah.parvini@latimes.com
joel.rubin@latimes.com
Twitter: @sarahparvini and @joelrubin
L.A. city attorney says new limits on assisting immigration agents don't violate federal rules
Arrests on civil immigration charges go up 38% in the first 100 days since Trump's executive order
After ICE agents appear at a Sacramento church, pastor tries to calm his flock's deportation fears
12 p.m.: This article was updated with more context on the number of arrests.
11:30 a.m.: This article was updated with additional details about the people arrested.
This article was originally published at 10:40 a.m.
Sarah Parvini
Sarah Parvini covers California's demographics and diverse communities for the Los Angeles Times' Metro desk.
Joel Rubin covers federal courts and agencies for the Los Angeles Times.
Women in jail endured group strip searches. L.A. County to pay $53 million to settle suit
L.A. County agreed to pay $53 million to settle a class action lawsuit over search practices at the Sheriff's Department's Century Regional Detention Facility.
Transfers of canisters filled with nuclear waste resume at San Onofre
After a 'near-miss' last year, Southern California Edison said it is confident transfer operations will go smoothly.
Parents of 16-year-old who was fatally shot by L.A. police reach $200,000 settlement
Jose Mendez was shot after allegedly pointing a sawed-off shotgun at officers.
Latest California
Ventura is one step closer to banning sale of e-cigarettes
The city of Ventura is one step closer to banning the sale of flavored tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes, oils, cigarillos, cigarettes and loose tobacco.
Earthquake: 4.5 quake near Ridgecrest, Calif.
A magnitude 4.5 earthquake was reported Tuesday afternoon at 1:15 p.m. Pacific time seven miles from Ridgecrest, Calif., according to the U.S. Geological Survey.
A magnitude 4.3 earthquake was reported Tuesday afternoon at 1:11 p.m. near Livermore, Calif., according to the U.S. Geological Survey.
Southern California's heat wave winds down, but fire danger remains in some areas
While heat advisories are still in effect, a major cooldown is expected across Southern California on Wednesday.


When I returned to Playa del Carmen earlier this year, a place I fell in love with during my last visit, I noticed some things were a little different.
Walking along the beachfront early one morning, I braced myself against the cool sea breeze, unaccustomed to Spring's milder temperatures. The coastline had been re-sculpted by the changing tides and the water was unusually choppy compared to the smooth-as-glass seas of last September.
'My beach' looked wilder, more rugged, and more natural. It was as though my baby had turned into a wayward teenager, adopting a rough new look, and I was the shocked parent who didn't know what to make of it.
"I think I'll get used to it," I thought to myself as I walked along the palm-fringed shore.
After all, that's what nature does. It changes and evolves within a continuous cycle we are a part of but may never fully understand.
Playa del Carmen has certainly grown and evolved since I was here last year. New restaurants have popped up, whilst some have disappeared. Boutiques showcasing the latest local designers have emerged, along with smoothie bars and yoga centres focused on health and well-being.
'Playa' may be developing, but it is managing to do so whilst preserving the important natural treasures that make the area so special – the beaches, cenotes and jungle-clad ancient ruins – so we can all enjoy them for many years to come.
Thanks to being slightly jet-lagged, I was up early enough to see the sun rise over the Caribbean's silvery seas (though the birds soaring gracefully overhead probably had the best view of all).
A few other early risers stood on the pier at the end of Avenida Constituyentes to welcome the new day, including one very snappily dressed Chihuahua in a pink dress.
"Only in Mexico!" I thought to myself as I stepped off the pier and headed north, my feet slapping into the cool whitewash. As I walked along my favourite stretch of beach in front of the luxurious El Taj condos, I saw him.
The familiar face of a Playa local, a man I had met before along these shores, and surely would again.
"Buenos Dias!" he stated, as though imparting a fact rather than a greeting.
I was thankful indeed, not just for the beautiful shell the old man pressed into my palm, but for the fact that no matter how long I had been away from Playa del Carmen, he had been here, striding along the beach as he did every morning, collecting shells in his weathered fingers to give to passers-by.
As I clutched the tiny gift in my hand, I proceeded up the beach with a spring in my step, grateful that no matter what changed in Playa del Carmen, the important things remained the same.


In the beginning of the Longines Global Future Champions week the focus is on the Young Horses in four different age categories 5-6-7-8 year olds. Competitions are held on both grass and sand arena's.
With a total prize money of more then 100.000 euro's for these three days it promises an excellent opportunity for riders, breeders, studbooks and visitors to come and compete or watch the equine talents of tomorrow.
In the weekend the show jumping stars of the future get their very first chance to compete in Valkenswaard in classes for Ponies, Children, Juniors, Young Riders, Under 25 riders and enjoy the excellent facilities together with their families and friends.The Longines For the very first time this champions week will be organized July 15-17 and 19-21. In the beginning of the week the focus is on the Young Horses in four different age categories 5-6-7-8 year olds. Competitions are held on both grass and sand arena's.
In the weekend the show jumping stars of the future get their very first chance to compete in Valkenswaard in classes for Ponies, Children, Juniors, Young Riders, Under 25 riders and enjoy the excellent facilities together with their families and friends.Global Future Champions young horses champions week will be organized July 15-17. The focus is on the Young Horses in four different age categories 5-6-7-8 year olds. Competitions are held on 2 sand arenas.
The three days it promiseses an excellent opportunity for riders, breeders, studbooks and visitors to come and compete or watch the equine talents of tomorrow.


text:
Timesys spins free web version of LinuxLink development platform
Sep 22, 2010 — by Eric Brown — from the LinuxDevices Archive — 15 views
Timesys announced the availability of the LinuxLink Free Edition, a "cloud" version of its Linux development platform that provides kernels, toolchains, debuggers, the TimeStorm Eclipse IDE, and the Web Factory build system. The company also announced a LinuxLink subscription for running MeeGo on the new Intel Atom E6xx processor.
The LinuxLink Free Edition with Web Factory is claimed to be the first free, online application for cross-architecture embedded Linux development, supporting ARM, MIPS, NIOS II, PowerPC, SuperH, and X86 platforms.
The service is based on the current online, subscription-based version of LinuxLink, a long-time service targeted at the do-it-yourself (DIY) embedded Linux developers. Last year, LinuxLink added more advanced features such as the automated, web services-based Factory build system.
The LinuxLink Free Edition is intended primarily as a place where developers can quickly try out new ideas on new platforms, as well as develop prototypes, without committing to a time-consuming or expensive development platform, says Timesys. Wizard guides help more novice users, while extensive how-to documentation helps development teams save time and money, says the company.
The LinuxLink Free Edition with the Web Factory is based closely on the year-and-a-half old online version of LinuxLink, but without the paid subscription renewal reminders shown above.
The more advanced desktop version of LinuxLink will continue as a paid subscription service, offering more features such as integration of third-party packages, proprietary software, and greater customization options, says Timesys. It also offers some value-added subscriptions not available with the Free Edition, such as the new MeeGo on Atom E6xx package. A more limited Free Edition version of the package is available, however (see farther below).
"People who are experimenting can use the Free Edition in the cloud, and then they can move up to the desktop system for a more comprehensive development environment that supports greater customization," said CEO Atul Bansal, in an interview with LinuxDevices this week.
As with the desktop LinuxLink, the Free Edition is said to offer collections of Linux sources, gathered and updated from thousands of community sources, and patched and configured for a wide variety of processors and development kits. As noted, it also offers the same core products in the form of Linux kernels, toolchains, debuggers, the TimeStorm Eclipse IDE (integrated development environment), and the Web Factory build system.
Differences between the two versions are said to include performance and customization capabilities, says Timesys. "Build time is faster on the desktop version, and there is more flexibility in the system," said Bansal.
Unlike with the desktop version, Free Edition users can't define their own repository of sources, configure the kernel, or enjoy free support, says Timesys. In addition, there is a more limited number of packages available.
One-stop source for free platforms
While semiconductor vendors generally offer free board support packages (BSPs) and software development kits (SDKs) for their system-on-chips (SoCs), the LinuxLink Free Edition with Web Factory is said to offer the advantage of providing a common platform that spans multiple architectures and SoCs. This reduces the time and complexity of mastering each set of tools, says Timesys.
"You don't have to learn different systems for different processors," said Bansal, adding that the service also helps to provide developers with the latest, compatible open source components.
"There is so much out there, it is hard to make sense of it," he said. "We address the biggest problems for developers, which include complexity and the challenge of maintaining compatibility."
Unlike both commercial and semiconductor BSPs/SDKs, LinuxLink Free Edition does not require that a host development platform be is set up before testing. At the same time, the service is claimed to be far more user-friendly than most semiconductor development distributions, and its open source components are said to be kept more up-to-date.
Upselling to the Desktop
While offering a free development service may seem like a tough business model, Bansal claims Timesys will make money by steering users to the desktop version for more comprehensive, end-to-end development while also selling training, consulting, and other professional services.
The desktop LinuxLink is increasingly being marketed as a low-cost alternative to commercial distributions from companies such as Wind River and MontaVista Software. Claimed to be 40-60 percent cheaper than these offerings, yearly subscriptions start at $5,000 per processor target, says the company.
Bansal allows that LinuxLink is not as suitable for high-end networking, mil/aero, and advanced industrial systems, but says that LinuxLink does cover 90 percent of the embedded market. This is said to include consumer electronics, as well as smaller scale networking, industrial, medical, and general embedded devices.
Other players in the embedded Linux development market include Sweden-based Enea, which is still focused primarily on its OSE Multicore Edition real-time operating system (RTOS), primarily targeting telecom and networking applications. Mentor Graphics is another RTOS vendor (Nucleus RTOS), that has entered the Linux market, having acquired Linux specialists Embedded Alley last year.
Meanwhile, many other players target narrower market segments for embedded Linux, and device manufacturers often use their own proprietary platforms or combine them with semiconductor vendor development kits.
LinuxLink supports MeeGo for Atom E6xx
In a second announcement, Timesys unveiled a LinuxLink MeeGo offering for the new Intel Atom E6xx processor and the matched Intel Platform Controller Hub EG20T. The MeeGo for E6xx platforms enables customers to "leverage MeeGo stacks, easily integrate their own applications, modify the Linux kernel and even incorporate their own proprietary packages and frameworks into the design of their product," says Timesys.
This is the first product we've seen so far to offer specific support for the Linux-based MeeGo platform on the E6xx. Although MeeGo will soon support ARM processors as well, at least in some environments such as handsets, the open source, Intel- and Nokia-backed distribution primarily targets the Atom, as did the earlier Moblin project.
The full MeeGo for E6xx subscription will be available only for the paid desktop version of LinuxLink, shipping in the fourth quarter. However, a more limited Free Edition version will be available for evaluation purposes before that, says the company.
Stated Maciej Halasz, Director of Product Management at Timesys, "The new Intel Atom processor E6xx series offers improved power reductions, allowing for wider adoption in deeply embedded device markets. The combination of rich media and sophisticated UI chip capabilities with MeeGo offered rich multimedia APIs, makes it ideal for devices such as point of sale, kiosks, medical and infotainment as well as a nearly unlimited array of other devices our customers design."
The LinuxLink Free Edition with the Web Factory is available now, says Timesys. The LinuxLink MeeGo on Intel Atom E6xx subscription will be available in the fourth quarter, at which point it should show up on Timesys' LinuxLink Intel platform page, here.
In the meantime, developers can configure, build, and evaluate embedded Linux on the the E6xx platform and other processor platforms by accessing the Free Edition of LinuxLink, here.
"Post-RISC" core gains Linux support
Linux tools support Cortex-A8-based 802.11n module
Linux development service supports new TI SoC
Free Linux BSP helps users evaluate Atmel MCUs
AMC board gains Linux development platform
Linux device dev services company rev's ARMv5,…
Free Linux BSP supports mobile applications processor
Low-cost ARM9 chip gains Linux development support
Subscription service supports PowerPC SoC
Dual-core PowerPC chip gains DIY Linux support
Cortex-A8-based SOM gains Linux support
DIY Linux service supports Cortex-A8
Tiny Cortex-A8 module gains Linux development support


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Leila Alikarami is an Iranian lawyer and human rights advocate who has represented dozens of human rights defenders in Iran's Revolution courts. She was an active member of Iran's One Million Signatures campaign, which collects signatures in support of changing discriminatory laws against women. In 2009 she accepted the RAW in War Anna Politkovskaya Award on behalf of the women of Iran and the campaign. She is a Sakharov Fellow and holds a PhD from SOAS, University of London.
In Iran, female landmine survivors are third-class citizens
21st July 2016 | by Leila Alikarami
According to Landmine Monitor 2015, the annual publication of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, women and girls made up 12% of all casualties in the previous year. However that percentage varies by country. There are no official casualty figures…


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Home Actress Sexy Pictures 41 Hottest Pictures Of Lily Tomlin
Lily Tomlin
Lily Tomlin Hot Pictures
41 Hottest Pictures Of Lily Tomlin
Hottest Pictures Of Lily Tomlin. Mary Jean Tomlin who is also known as Lily Tomlin was born in the year 1939 on September 1, and she is a gorgeous American actress, comedian, writer, singer, as well as a producer. Tomlin began her career as a stand-up comedian along with that she performed off-Broadway in the 1960s.
Tomlin started stand-up comedy in nightclubs first in Detroit and afterward in New York City. Along with this, Lily continued studying acting at the HB Studio and Lily's first TV appearance was on The Merv Griffin Show which was released in 1965.
Lily Tomlin Hot Pics
A year later, Tomlin became a cast member on the short-lived third as well as the final incarnation of The Garry Moore Show. Lily currently stars as Frankie Bergstein on the Netflix series called Grace and Frankie, which was released in 2015
Lily Tomlin Sexy Pics
and has attained her nominations for four Primetime Emmy Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as one Golden Globe Award. In the year 1977, Tomlin's portrayal of Margo Sperling in The Late Show won her the Silver Bear for Best Actress as well as nominations for the Golden Globe along with a BAFTA Award in the category of Best Actress.
RELATED: 41 Sexiest Pictures Of Jane Birkin
Lily's other significant movies include 9 to 5 which was released in 1980, All of Me released in 1984, Big Business released in 1988, Flirting with Disaster released in 1996, Tea with Mussolini released in 1999, I Heart Huckabees released in 2004, and Grandma which was released in 2015.
Lily's signature role was written by her then-partner who is now her wife, Jane Wagner, in a show called The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe which premiered on Broadway in the year 1985 and won Tomlin the Tony Award in the category of Best Lead Actress in a Play. Lily Tomlin won one Grammy Award for her 1972 comedy album titled This Is a Recording. Count-315
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Lily Tomlin Sexy Pictures
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La brigata del fuoco (The Fire Brigade) – film del 1926 diretto da William Nigh
La brigata del fuoco (Mickey's Fire Brigade) – cortometraggio d'animazione del 1935 diretto da Ben Sharpsteen
La brigata del fuoco (Arson Squad) – film del 1945 diretto da Lew Landers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Scouts can learn about sports, crafts, science, trades, business, and future careers as they earn merit badges. There are more than 135 merit badges.
Scouts may earn merit badges at any time, but it is recommended that the scout focus on rank advancement for his first year of scouting or until he has reached the rank of First Class. The exception to this is the First Aid merit badge. This should be earned as soon as the boy joins the troop. Troop 558 will sponsor a First Aid merit badge day each March for new scouts joining the troop.
Orange County Council has re-emphasized that before a scout applies for a merit badge, he must ask the Scoutmaster for a signed merit badge application, commonly known as a blue card. The scoutmaster will assist the scout in selecting a merit badge counselor.
The scoutmaster and adult scouters such as the advancement chair and committee chair will have access to the merit badge counselor list, but they will not be posted for the troop. This is to encourage a dialogue between the scout and scoutmaster. Also, this policy discourages scouts from bypassing scout leadership and looking for their own counselors.
Scouts may also choose to earn merit badges at a Council approved program, which could include a merit badge day, summer Camp, or BSA approved program such as Newport Sea Base. A scout must get a blue card signed by the scoutmaster prior to signing up for the merit badge program.
Did you know that there are a total of 137 merit badges? We have so many parents that are experts in so many activities. We would like to take advantage of your expertise and give you the opportunity to share them with the scouts! Make sure you complete the Troop Resource Survey & Merit Badge Counselor Application so you can start sharing!


text:
using System;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Reactive.Linq;
using RepositoryStumble.Core.Services;

namespace ReactiveUI
{
    public static class CommandExtensions
    {
        public static void ExecuteIfCan(this ICommand @this, object o)
        {
            if (@this.CanExecute(o))
                @this.Execute(o);
        }

        public static void ExecuteIfCan(this ICommand @this)
        {
            ExecuteIfCan(@this, null);
        }

        public static IDisposable TriggerNetworkActivity(this IReactiveCommand @this, INetworkActivityService networkActivity)
        {
            return @this.IsExecuting.Skip(1).Subscribe(x =>
                {
                    if (x) networkActivity.PushNetworkActive();
                    else networkActivity.PopNetworkActive();
                });
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
NHK News
As protests continue in Hong Kong, a demonstration march takes place in the city on the 17th of the weekend, and participants continue to protest until the Hong Kong government changes their response.
Protest march in Hong Kong Temporarily disturbed by a rally held in Japan August 17 19:17
As protests continued in Hong Kong, a demonstration march took place on the 17th of the weekend, and participants claimed to continue protesting until the Hong Kong government changed its response.
In Hong Kong, protests have been ongoing for more than two months over a draft ordinance that will allow suspects to be handed over to mainland China, and multiple protests have been called for this weekend.
Among them, in the district where many tourists from mainland China visit, many participants gathered for a march on the 17th.
For this demonstration march, the police issued a notice of opposition for a while, but it was recognized by changing the route, etc. We appealed to pursue responsibility such as the injured person who was withdrawn and the forced exclusion of the police.
A 22-year-old woman who participated in the demonstration said, "The Hong Kong government has not responded to our request and will continue to protest for a long time until the government finally accepts the complaint."
In Hong Kong, a large-scale demonstration march has been called for on the 18th, but the police have issued a notice against this, and there is concern that the participants and the police may collide.
In Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, adjacent to Hong Kong, armed police units under the command of the Chinese army are gathered, and it seems that there is an aim to control the spread of protests.
* Sen is unevenly river
Protest rally in Japan
Under these circumstances, people from Hong Kong living in Japan held an urgent protest rally in Tokyo on the 17th to show protests against the response of the Hong Kong government and police. It was.
Participants marched to the Hong Kong government office in Tokyo with a placard that says "Never against Hong Kong police violence."
Upon arriving near the office, delegate representatives read out a statement calling for a complete withdrawal of the ordinance amendment and the pursuit of abuse of police authority, and put it in the office mailbox.
At the protest rally on the 17th, people who seem to be from mainland China who oppose the gathering gathered by raising the Chinese flag around the meeting place and playing the national anthem at a loud volume, and the police who were on guard It became a dispute, and the site was temporarily noisy.
The man who called for the meeting said, "I felt angry and sad about the current situation in Hong Kong, and I wanted to send an ale to Hong Kong to create an opportunity to appeal to their thoughts. I would like to insist and connect to the future of Hong Kong. "
The ema of both sides in Meiji Jingu
I found that many Meiji Jingu shrines in Tokyo, where many foreign tourists visit, had many emas written in Chinese, both in support and opposition, over protests.
In the Meiji Shrine in Tokyo, there are emas that support Hong Kong's protests written in Chinese, such as `` Do your best in Hong Kong '' or `` God bless you in Hong Kong '' "If you want to be independent, go out and look for a new continent."
These ema are thought to be from tourists from Hong Kong and mainland China.
A negative comment on Ema's SNS, saying, "I understand patriotism, but patriotism requires courtesy. Your words and actions represent China." There was also a comment such as "Neither is it. Both are rude to bring political problems in sacred places in other countries."
Source: nhk
NHK News 5 months
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NHK Next President Maeda Interview "I want to cherish high quality programs"
Japanese press releases 'except white country' "Virtual countermeasures"
NHK broadcasts the Taiwanese president election in China
Eastar Airlines ceases operation on three routes between Korea and Japan
"Ghosn fled from Japan had a passport despite travel ban"
NHK Sendai Broadcasting Station staff arrived at about 540,000 yen Disciplinary dismissal
To Tokyo Para Documentary Co-production IPC and NHK


A warm greeting to all mothers out there, including my own ("HI MOM!!!") and the mother of my children. Take the day off and rest because you've got another labor-intensive 364 ahead of you.
There are no mothers entered at Indy, so for the remaining drivers today might as well be considered "P12 Day" since that's the aim. Conversely, it's also "Don't be P23 Day" because that means you have to come back next week and try, try again.
As you all know yesterday was "Pole Day" and congratulations go to everyone's favorite weeping fence climber, Helio Castroneves, for claiming his third Pole at Indianapolis. I believe he received a $100,000 check for that accomplishment, so expect that income to be declared in expedient fashion.
Of note, there were six different teams making it into the Top 11 yesterday, although Panther Racing and Luczo Dragon - who qualified on Pole Day last year - were not among them. Also, one driver in the Big Three didn't make it, which means Hideki Mutoh didn't get to use the AGR-approved catchphrase in the press release.
Marco Andretti - "...I'm not completely satisfied with were we ended up in today's qualifying, but we just have to put it behind us..."
Tony Kanaan - "...I'm glad that qualifying is behind us; now it's time to move on and focus on race set ups."
Danica Patrick - "...I'm relieved to have Pole Day behind us so we can work on building a strong race car."
Sadly, none of these drivers mentioned how they used their tools.
In addition to Mutoh there are some prominent names out there waiting to qualify today. Dan Wheldon, Paul Tracy, Scott Sharp, Vitor Meira, Justin Wilson, Ed Carpenter, Ryan Hunter-Reay, EJ Viso, Davey Hamilton, John Andretti, and Sarah Fisher - one of whom will have to come back and try, try again next week.
In the meantime, Sarah Fisher wants to take a moment to talk to you about racing around to make ends meet.
So for commercials involving sponsor activation, Sarah Fisher is queen. I saw the Aamco one during so many Penguin games it wasn't funny. She really knows how to market herself correctly and to top it off, she does it with class.
Kudos to Sarah for it.
I will gladly volunteer my services to Sarah Fisher and do a little workshop on, "Commercials: Effective use of hands."


All doctors, including dentists, have to take the Hippocratic oath. This means that they swear that they will do everything in their power to save a human life, and to provide medical care with the utmost precision and in the best circumstances that they can, and they will perform said life saving procedures according to their best abilities.
But how is it with dentists treating patients abroad?
Many of these dentists will never see their patients again, as they live in a different country and there may be no way to hold them accountable for their actions. Many patients thus want something a little bit more substantial than an oath sworn in a room where the patients were not even present.
For patients who are thus inclined, there is some good news. With most clinics who specialize in treating dental tourists, there is some form of official oversight, sometimes even by internationally recognized governing and regulating bodies. These clinics, and the doctors who work in them are thus held responsible, and are identifiable, and can be found and can be held accountable for the work they do. This means that they can be sued, can redo work, can pay for reparations and can also take credit for the work they do on a professional level as well.
Some dental clinics, like Forest and Ray, take these accountability issues to heart, and have stepped their game up to the next level. Understanding how important trust and mutual reliance is in a doctor-patient relationship, the new wave of dental tourism will have to focus on making sure that the dentist can be found by the patient, or that the company employing the dentist can be held accountable for services performed by dentists in their employment, even if a complaint is coming from a foreign country.
There are many ways to do this of course, and one of them is to operate a clinic in the country where you are receiving patients from. Forest and Ray dental practice does just this, with a prestigious clinic in the Bloomsbury area where the dentists employed in Hungary make regular, bimonthly visits. This way, continuity between patients and dentists are not broken, checkups can be made in the host country, and the patient can be sure that their dentist is accountable for their actions. Not to mention that in order to work in the designated host country, the dentist and the clinic need to be judged by the local governing and regulatory bodies. But even if a particular dentist does not do this, the company which employs the services of that dentist should have some way of being contacted by the patients they are responsible for. If they do not, then perhaps you should not rely on their services.


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Award-winning Reigning Heads series tells story of a surreal and dystopian planet
Written by Laura Connelly
As the world feels as though it's becoming more unsettling, it's only natural that creatives are dreaming up alternatives. One such illustrator, Luyi Wang – an award-winning illustrator and gallery artist based in New York, has done just this.
After completing her BA at Camberwell College of Art in London and an MFA at Maryland Institute College of Art, the artist's work has been recognised by several awards, including the silver medal at this year's Society of Illustrators.
The winning series was Reigning Heads, which tells a surreal and dystopian story of a far-away planet filled with Beings that care about nothing but themselves, and are controlled by the Heads.
Luyi explains: "This series reflects the ways in which modern society has become increasingly self-serving, narcissistic, and apathetic." Discover more at luyiwangart.com.
Haunting and supernatural photographs by Gillian Hyland full of drama
Minimal illustrations view everyday objects with a surrealist gaze
Beth Walrond's chunky and colourful illustrations inspired by her many travels
Maria Kreyn: a millennial with an Old Master's hand
Sara Gironi Carnevale's challenging illustrations tackle the wrongs of modern society
A definitive collection of illustrations and typography from the world's leading creatives
12 great typefaces created by graphic design students
Arresting illustrations with pleasing textures and details by Eva Bee


To view more patient reviews and ratings for Dr. Chambers, please click below.
Dr. John B. Chambers is a fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon, specializing in adult and pediatric back, neck, and spine surgery.
Dr. Chambers completed his undergraduate degree at Eastern Kentucky University and received his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Louisville School of Medicine in 1992. He completed both an internship in general surgery and his residency in orthopedic surgery at the Medical College of Georgia.
Before joining Southern Indiana Orthopedics in 1992, Dr. Chambers completed a fellowship in spine at the Norton Leatherman Spine Center/Spine Institute for Special Surgery in Louisville. His research and writing of orthopedic and spine topics can be found in publications and presentations at major meetings. In 1995 and 1996, Dr. Chambers served as a certified ring physician for United States Amateur Boxing.
When he's not seeing patients, Dr. Chambers enjoys outdoor activities including skiing and bicycling.


People generally associate the vegans to be the people who are elitists in the society. The vegans in the society are subject to excessive criticism by the others who do not follow this diet. Some of the vegans in the society are the Hollywood celebrities who choose to portray themselves in a certain light to the people. There is an innate sense of elitism in some people who choose to become vegans (Turner 811). Nonetheless, this is not the case of everyone. There is a sense that these people who choose to be vegans are different from the main stream society. The vegans make their food choices out of the different groups of food. The vegans are assumed to be the people eating in quaint indie cafes. There are a range of optimally priced foods in the society (Turner 811). There is the tendency to assume that the vegans are rich people in the society who choose certain foods. There is prevalence of wide-scale poverty and hunger in some cultures. They do not have much say in their food choices. However, in the western nations, it is quite clear that Veganism is an activity of the elite groups. They have extensive knowledge and the resources to procure healthy foods.
The mainstream society dissuades these practices stating the food choices are idyllic and not suitable for consumption.
On the other hand ,Meat industry is becoming unsustainable in many ways. Common fast food meat requires a lot of energy resources. The carbon footprint for the creation of these food groups are largely avoided by the people. Veganism is also an apt choice for the people suffering from cancer and diabetes. In some nations, such as Mongolia, every meal comes from the animals. The concept of vegetables is uncommon in this nation. In many nations, the act of choosing the meat or vegetarian food is simply the matter of access to resources. However, the privileged class is found to make the vegan a choice.


text:
http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Awesome/AceCombat6FiresOfLiberation
Awesome / Ace Combat 6: Fires of Liberation
NightmareFuel
VideoExamples
Create New - Create New - Analysis FanficRecs FanWorks Fridge Haiku ImageLinks Laconic PlayingWith Quotes Recap ReferencedBy Synopsis Timeline Trivia WMG
"Go dance with the angels!" Melissa's daughter and her sheer gall to insult the occupying Estovakian troops on public broadcast, starting a national-level Memetic Mutation in the process.
Small thing that bears mentioning: two woman who don't even speak the same language go on a road trip across the freaking warzone. They even nearly get killed by irate militia and buzzed by stray A-10 Thunderbolt at one point!
There's one moment that also qualifies as a Heartwarming Moment. You and your wingmate are on the verge of court-martial for disobeying direct orders. The two of you get sent on a secret mission to blow up the enemies WMD stockpile. However, after you do that, and try to escape, you get ambushed by 50+ enemy fighters. You will desperately try to shoot them all down, but, there are too many, and even with unlimited ammo, you will not be able to. Just when all seems lost, a whole host of friendly blips show up on your radar. Every single pilot who you have helped/saved throughout the entire game shows up to help you, and the resulting furball is on a scale not seen since the Battle of Shattered Skies ten years ago (in-game) in Ace Combat 04.
The Liberation of Gracemeria. Your first mission got you kicked out of your capital. Now, having taken down everything the Estovakians have to throw at you and the eponymous orchestra playing in the background, there's only one thing to do.
"All planes, we're going to take back Gracemeria today!"
And then you do, by pasting Pasternak (which is its own Crowning Moment). In the cutscene that follows, McKnight's tank finally reaches the endpoint of the tunnel to the Gracemeria Central Bank. He blows through the final wall, revealing (not the oodles of money he expected, but) the treasures squirreled away during the initial siege of the city, including an antique suit of armor known as the Golden King. What does he do? He has the Golden King ride the tank's barrel like a horse, and parades it through Gracemeria proclaiming the end of the war.
Pasternak: "Corrupt governments and marred lands are no longer worth fighting to protect. There's only one thing left worth fighting for. And that's the future!" Pasternak says this during the battle to retake Gracemeria, after sending his squadron away when it becomes apparent that there is no winning the battle. He is piloting a badass superplane and has a legion of drone planes at his command, yet there is no way he's anything but a dead man seeing as he's fighting the entire Emmerian military by himself. All he's doing is providing a distraction so his teammates can get away with their lives, and he knows it.
And he becomes That One Boss doing it. Especially if you're dumb enough to fight him with anything but QAAM's.
The final mission, where Talisman takes down the Chandelier railgun singlehandedly by flying straight down its barrel.
Not only that, you are destroying the last vestige of the scar known as the Ulysses Incident.
Acquiring the CFA-44 Nosferatu by beating the campaign on the Hard Difficulty. The very first use of the plane's ADMM is enough to make the player's jaw drop at the sheer destructive firepower.
Same goes for the EML, which is basically a plane-mounted sniper rifle that can one-shot any target from afar with impunity.
Ace Combat X: Skies of Deception
Awesome/Video Games #-F
Ace Combat: Assault Horizon


Sometimes, people are not in a position to pledge collateral against their loans because they are frightened to put respective collateral at stake for a loan. If people do get over their fear and take a loan, even then that debt constantly eats away at their mental peace. In such a situation, people often wonder what to do. A solution exists in the form of unsecured consolidation loan.
Lack of collateral security is now one of the most difficult problems among the students that is stopping them to avail loans. An Increase in Student debt is another headache. They need money to pay off expenses like college fees or to buy the books etc. To pay off the expenses related to education, some of the lenders can offer you the loans. A variety of available options exist for financially troubled students, to start with scholarships federal loans are there. A student after completing his graduation can write off these loans. These types of schemes of loans available to students for their benefit is called consolidate student loans, or simply refinance student loans. In these types of loans the interest rate is low, which results in reduced monthly payments. As a result borrower has to deal with a lesser number of creditors.
These loans have certain characteristics which are different from other loans, for instance, they are basically short term in nature and are most suitable to meet emergency requirements. They are also found handy in solving unexpected expenses and temporary liquidity problems. Hence, we can see that these types of loans are very ideal for emergency situations.
People who are unemployed with a not so good credit score can also acquire benefits from these loans, as they are easy to avail. Loans can be approved quickly, by merely looking online. These types of loans have hassle free formalities which takes only a few minutes to finish. They are easily available to both tenants and homeowners. However, the amount of loan sanctioned is comparatively low to a tenant as to that of a homeowner. If a person is looking for a risk free and a collateral free option, these type of loans is the right place to look for. Any personal need of the borrower can be fulfilled by these loans.


TAKE NOTICE that in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 40-8-1 through Sec. 40-8-3 NMSA 1978, et seq. the Petitioner, CARLOS N TOGNONI, will apply to the Honorable VICTOR S. LOPEZ, District Judge of the Second Judicial District at the Second Judicial District Court, 400 Lomas, NW, Albuquerque, NM 87102 at 9:00 a.m. on the 22nd day of August for an ORDER FOR CHANGE OF NAME from CARLOS N TOGNONI to CASSANDRA N TOGNONI.