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Regulatory compliance under enforcement gaps
Tihitina Andarge1 &
Erik Lichtenberg ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0619-62541
Journal of Regulatory Economics volume 57, pages181–202(2020)Cite this article
Analyses in the literature on regulatory enforcement usually assume that regulatory agencies know all of the entities subject to regulation. But constant entry and exit of firms create gaps in agencies' knowledge of regulated entities. This paper conducts a theoretical and empirical analysis of firms' compliance strategy when such enforcement gaps are present. Our theoretical analysis indicates that a firm with a sufficiently low probability of being subject to enforcement action will delay compliance. We analyze the effect of enforcement gaps on the compliance protocol development component of regulations empirically in the context of nutrient management regulations in Maryland. The Maryland Department of Agriculture (MDA), which enforces this regulation, relies on a registry of farms that includes less than half of the farm operations in the state. We conduct an econometric analysis using farm-level survey data combined with county-level enforcement data. Our econometric model indicates that the probability of being included in the MDA farm registry is associated with a statistically significant and economically meaningful increase in the probability of being in compliance with nutrient management regulations. This result suggests that enforcement gaps can have a significant effect on the performance of environmental regulations.
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The OIG review covered regulations enforcing all major environmental legislation, including the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
The regulator may interact with a firm along multiple dimensions. For example, a regulator may enforce different regulations on the same firm. In this case, each regulation would be a different dimension along which the regulator interacts with the firm.
This form of regulation is common in the health and safety context, among others. Food safety regulations based on the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) concept, of instance, require firms to develop detailed plans for (a) ensuring that food does not become contaminated during processing and (b) for handling any incidents of contamination that may occur. Periodic inspections are used to determine whether acceptable plans are in place and whether observed equipment and operating procedures are consistent with that plan. Regulations governing occupational safety, protection of patient medical data, and quality of care in skilled nursing facilities have the same general structure. Recipients of farm subsidies are required to have in place a conservation plan approved by local Natural Resource Conservation Service or soil conservation district technicians; failure to comply can result in loss of access to new subsidies and, in some cases, demands to repay subsidies already received. The equivalent two-stage process in some industries consists of (1) installing pollution control equipment (e.g., smokestack scrubbers) and (2) keeping that equipment in operation at all times it is needed.
We are ruling out the case where a firm does not file but complies with a protocol as that option is strictly dominated.
If a firm is able to reduce the penalty (plus the cost of effort expended on reducing the penalty) below the cost of compliance, it will be optimal for the firm to remain out of compliance indefinitely.
Animal units are defined as follows: 1 beef cow = 1 animal unit, 1 bird = 0.008 animal units, 1 dairy cow = 1.25 animal units, 1 pig = 0.4 animal units, 1 sheep/goat/lamb = 0.1 animal units, and 1 horse = 2 animal units.
Our theoretical analysis assumes that (a) the fine for failure to file a protocol is less than the fine for failure to comply and (b) fines for noncompliance exceed compliance costs. The cumulative nature of the fine for noncompliance with a NMP means that it can easily exceed the fine for failure to file a NMP. The cost of a typical NMP in Maryland is about $1200 or roughly $400 a year since a plan is valid for 3 years. Following a plan's recommendations for fertilizer and manure use rarely increases annual nutrient management expenditures and may well reduce them (see for example Lawley et al. 2009). The combination of formal and informal penalties can thus easily exceed the costs of filing and implementing a NMP.
There is no reason to believe that the response rate was affected by a desire to avoid revealing information to MDA. The survey is administered by NASS, which has no regulatory role in the implementation of the WQIA, conducts numerous surveys about farming activities every year, and does not share individual-specific data with MDA. Farmers would thus have no reason to believe that their responses would have any regulatory implications. The fact that 23.2% of respondents with characteristics indicating that they were required to adopt a nutrient management plan reported not having one provides additional evidence that respondents did not believe that their responses would be used for regulatory purposes.
This farm size distribution is typical of that in the US as a whole.
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Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742-5535, USA
Tihitina Andarge & Erik Lichtenberg
Tihitina Andarge
Erik Lichtenberg
Correspondence to Erik Lichtenberg.
Andarge, T., Lichtenberg, E. Regulatory compliance under enforcement gaps. J Regul Econ 57, 181–202 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11149-020-09405-0
Issue Date: June 2020


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Большая Индра — верховое озеро в Тавдинском городском округе Свердловской области, Россия, второе по площади в Свердловской области.

Географическое положение
Озеро расположено в 17,5 километрах к северо-востоку от деревни Тормоли 1-е, в северо-восточной части болота Индра, к западу от поселка Индра. Озеро площадью 33,4 км², шириной в 8,5 км, с уровнем воды 62,4 метра, является вторым по площади в Свердловской области после озера Пелымский Туман.

Описание
Озеро не имеет поверхностного стока. Берега местами заболочены. В окрестностях озера расположены леса. В озере водятся щука, карась, чебак, окунь, и гнездится водоплавающая птица. Водится самый крупный карась в Свердловской области.

Впервые упоминается в работах русского исследователя Петра Андреевича Словцова.

Примечания

Озёра Тавдинского городского округа

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As you scan the outside of the CD packaging for Leyla Fences' debut album, there are a couple of hints as to what you'll find inside. The word 'bar' appears on the front, the words 'dancing tonight' appear on the back, and the UPC code is in the style of a Texas license plate. You'll see traces of denim in the artwork and a hint of fancy embroidery on the faux pocket holding the simulated instant photo on the cover. Now, without hearing the first note, I always like to anticipate what's inside, musically. I don't believe a listener should ever be surprised after opening their purchase. The cover should advertise the contents. In this case, my expectations were met. I expected to hear country music, songs about what happens between people when bars are involved, at least one song about dancing, and a sincere Texas attitude. All those elements are present. Leyla Fences has written every cut on this disc (you can also learn this from the cover) and her liner notes clarify that while she might not have lived every story, she was inspired by true events. Fences hasn't been just sitting on the couch for twenty years hoping songs would pop into her head. Rather, she's been out there, actually abroad, soaking up a worldly education about people and their experiences. Her writing makes her a woman's woman, taking an almost tongue-in-cheek view of male antics, and how men should be treated as a result. But she doesn't alienate men in the process. Instead, she embraces the gospel of a world full of those mentioned in the album's title and simply presents those truths for all to examine. The opening cut invites girls to assess their situation and make changes if necessary, and cuts like "Love Doesn't Work Like That" and "Two's A Crowd" explain that there's always an alternative to perfect relationships. Frankly, "Two's A Crowd" is by far the most commercially viable tune on the album, and if properly promoted, is destined to be a huge hit. Leyla's voice is Texas-raised country, edgy but true, powerful but controlled, and perfect for her style of writing. The performances on the disc are exceptional, using a star-studded list of pickers, and making good use of the excellent engineering and mastering. There aren't a string of meaningless ballads collected here, rather an ensemble of well-crafted, crowd-pleasing, dance-inducing toe-tappers that will find a home in your disc player for an extended stay. Fences is well on her way to meeting those 100 things that an artist needs for stardom. A very good debut album is on the list. Leyla Fences can check that task as completed. Fans of great female-offered country music will enjoy the disc and will revel in the fresh subject matter. This is an excellent project from start to finish.


Winners of Britain's Got Talent 2012 Ashleigh and Pudsey sailed to the UK from New York on board QM2 after a month-long tour of the States in August 2012.
During the seven-night crossing on the biggest ocean liner in the world Pudsey wowed the ship's 2,600 passengers with two special performances of their Charleston dance routine from the Britain's Got Talent semi-finals. Ever the entertainer, Pudsey couldn't resist performing for the crowd on the quayside in Southampton after disembarkation.


You are at:Home»Courses & Careers»Are You About to Start an Undergraduate Printing Degree?
Are You About to Start an Undergraduate Printing Degree?
Well it's here folks, Freshers Week is well under way in the UK and many of you will be looking forward to the start of the 2015/15 academic year. We have plenty in store for you this campaign, from the latest education news to music features and our ever-popular Warehouse Project section.
Today, we have a sweet little infographic which will be of great interest to any of you about to start an undergraduate printing degree. Take a look and make sure you share the love!
This graphic was brought to you by www.cartridgediscount.co.uk and we think you will agree, has some fascinating stats and figures. Printing has really been revolutionised over the last few decades and any of you studying a related degree, will most definitely be in for some exciting times ahead.


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418 F. 2d 627 - Pasquale v. H Finch
418 F2d 627 Pasquale v. H Finch
James P. PASQUALE, Plaintiff, Appellee,
Robert H. FINCH, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare,
Defendant, Appellant.
No. 7371.
United States Court of Appeals First Circuit.
Dec. 2, 1969.
Morton Hollander, Atty., Department of Justice, with whom William D. Ruckelshaus, Asst. Atty. Gen., Lincoln C. Almond, U.S. Atty., and Robert V. Zener, and Judith S. Seplowitz, Attys., Department of Justice, were on brief, for appellant.
Frank R. Mazzeo, Providence, R.I., for appellee.
Before ALDRICH, Chief Judge, WOODBURY,* Senior Circuit Judge, and COFFIN, Circuit Judge.
COFFIN, Circuit Judge.
The government has appealed from a final judgment by the district court, Pasquale v. Cohen, 296 F.Supp. 1088 (D.R.I.1969), granting the plaintiff Pasquale's motion for summary judgment and denying the defendant government's similar motion. While resisting the government's appeal on the merits, Pasquale also contends that the government lost its right to appeal by waiting 103 days before noticing its appeal. We consider the plaintiff's procedural objections first.
The district court entered its final judgment on March 11, 1969, remanding the case to the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare for a computation of the disability benefits to which the court had found Pasquale entitled. Rule 4(a) of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure provides that in all cases in which the United States or its agencies or officers are a party, all parties shall have 60 days in which to notice their appeal. That 60-day period expired on May 12, the 60th day-- May 10-- being a Saturday. See Rule 6, F.R.Civ.P. The government did not appeal. However, Rule 4(a) also provides that the district court may extend the original appeal period for a period not to exceed thirty days 'upon a showing of excusable neglect'. Due to a mistake in the handling of the mail within the Justice Department, government counsel there first learned about the March 11 judgment on June 4. Seven days later, on June 11-- the 30th day after May 12-- the government filed a motion pursuant to Rule 4(a) to extend the time period for filing the Notice of Appeal, based on an allegation and affidavit of the requisite 'excusable neglect'. On June 23, the district court granted the government's motion and extended the filing time until the next day, June 24. The government filed its formal Notice of Appeal on June 24, the 43rd day after May 12.
Three issues are presented. First, we agree with the view of the government, the district court, and the Second, Fourth, and Sixth Circuits that the district court was not required to make its ruling on the government's motion within the 30-day period after May 12. C-Thru Products, Inc. v. Uniflex, Inc., 397 F.2d 952, 954-955 (2d Cir. 1968); Evans v. Jones, 366 F.2d 772, 773 (4th Cir. 1966); Reed v. People of the State of Michigan, 398 F.2d 800, 801 (6th Cir. 1968);1 see Reconstruction Finance Corp. v. Prudence Group, 311 U.S. 579, 582, 61 S.Ct. 331, 85 L.Ed. 364 (1941). To accept Pasquale's reading of Rule 4(a) might require the court to make a hasty and unconsidered decision, as in a case such as ours where the motion was filed on the 30th day. But see Plant Economy, Inc. v. Mirror Insulation Co., 308 F.2d 275 (3rd Cir. 1962); 9 Moore's Federal Practice, P204.13(2) at pp. 974-978.
Second, although the government's actual Notice of Appeal was filed on June 24-- the 43rd day after May 12-- rather than on June 11, the 30th day, we are willing to assume, for purposes of this case only, that its motion to extend on June 11 served as a notice of appeal for purposes of Rule 4(a). See Fitzsimmons v. Yeager, 391 F.2d 849, 853 (3d Cir. 1968) (en banc), cert. denied 393 U.S. 868, 89 S.Ct. 154, 21 L.Ed.2d 137 (1968); Carter v. Campbell, 285 F.2d 68, 71-72 (5th Cir. 1960); 9 Moore's Federal Practice, P203.09, P204.13(3) at p. 979. Obviously the proper procedure is to file the formal Notice of Appeal contemporaneously with the motion to extend-- or at least within the 30-day extension period-- and we look with disfavor on the government's inexcusable failure to comply with the clear mandate of Rule 4(a).
What troubles us even more, however, is the district court's holding that there was 'excusable neglect' on the part of the government which justified this 30 day extension. The only excuse offered by the government for the fact that the March 11 judgment was not discovered until June 4 was that the notification was mislaid due to a mistake in the handling of the mail after it was received by the Justice Department. While we accord 'great deference' to the district court's ruling on 'excusable neglect', Harris Truck Lines, Inc. v. Cherry Meat Packers, Inc., 371 U.S. 215, 217, 83 S.Ct. 283, 9 L.Ed.2d 261 (1962), we believe that the excuse offered, without further justification and in light of other factors indicated below, suggests that the 90 day delay here was indeed inexcusable and not the result of the type of inadvertence which Rule 4(a) was intended to rectify.
Rule 73(a), F.R.Civ.P., was amended in 1966 and recodified in 1968 as Rule 4(a), F.R.App.P. Concerning that amendment, which deleted the words 'based upon a failure of a party to learn of the entry of the judgment' which had previously followed the words 'excusable neglect', the Advisory Committee stated:
'In view of the ease with which an appeal may be perfected, no reason other than failure to learn of the entry of judgment should ordinarily excuse a party from the requirement that the notice be timely filed. But the district court should have authority to permit the notice to be filed out of time in extraordinary cases where injustice would otherwise result.' 9 Moore's Federal Practice, P73.01(22) at p. 3126.
In our case, counsel of record who had argued the case in the district court-- the Rhode Island U.S. Attorney and his Assistant-- received proper notice of judgment in early March. They conveyed such notice to the Justice Department and did no more; counsel at oral argument indicated that the supplementary procedure designed to prevent such inadvertent inaction, by the automatic filing of a protective appeal if nothing is heard from the Justice Department after a certain number of days, was inexplicably not carried out. See Department of Justice Order No. 207-60, 6. The government is given a 60-day appeal period under Rule 4(a)-- rather than the 30-day period normally afforded private parties and state governments and agencies-- in order to accommodate interoffice routing procedures. 9 Moore's Federal Practice, P204.10 at pp. 923-924. Yet even though proper notice reached the Justice Department soon after March 11, it was apparently more than two months before the internal routing procedure finally brought such notice to the attention of the responsible government attorney; indeed, it appeared from oral argument that it was Pasquale's own inquiry about his benefits, rather than the routing procedure, which finally rendered notice to the responsible attorney. Even then, seven days passed before a Rule 4(a) motion to extend was filed, and even that may have been procedurally inadequate because the formal Notice of Appeal was not filed within the 30-day period which Rule 4(a) clearly requires. See discussion supra.
We cannot say that such mishandling within the Justice Department after authorized counsel of record receives actual notice, particularly when combined with the other indicia of carelessness indicated above, justifies a court in extending the time for appeal. See Brahms v. Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc., 18 F.R.D. 502 (S.D.N.Y.1955); Lowry v. Long Island Rail Road Co., 370 F.2d 911 (2d Cir. 1966); Long v. Emery, 383 F.2d 392 (10th Cir. 1967); but see Resnick v. Lehigh Valley RR, 11 F.R.D. 76 (S.D.N.Y.1951). To say otherwise is so to enlarge a remedial power devised for the exceptional case as to cover any kind of garden-variety oversight.
Nor does injustice result from our denial of an extension. A man who has erroneously-- by the hearing examiner's own statement-- been denied disability benefits in his first effort to obtain them should not be denied those benefits because his second effort is begun one month too late (see infra), when such denial now depends on the government's obtaining a one month extension for itself under the circumstances we have noted. It does not shock us that depriving the careless government of a month to which it is not entitled, see supra, may result in giving a deserving claimant a month to which he would otherwise, see infra, not be entitled. Accordingly, we hold that the district court erred in granting an extension to the government in the aforementioned circumstances, so that the government's appeal is precluded.
This disposition would of course normally make unnecessary any consideration of the merits of the government's appeal. However, we feel compelled to discuss the merits simply because we believe that the district court has rendered a mistaken interpretation of the relevant regulations which could misguide future claimants. Our discussion of this point requires a brief review of the facts in this case.
In August 1961 Pasquale applied to the Social Security Administration for disability insurance benefits, alleging that he had become disabled as a result of a back injury some two years earlier. This application was denied on January 10, 1962. Further adminstrative appeals followed, culminating in a denial of benefits at the highest administrative level-- the Appeals Council-- on July 5, 1963. Pasquale was notified that he could commence an action in the federal district court within 60 days but no appeal was taken.
On February 10, 1966, Pasquale applied a second time for disability insurance benefits for the same back injury. On May 3, 1967, a hearing examiner found that Pasquale was indeed entitled to benefits for his disability which began at least as early as November 30, 1961, but that such benefits could only be awarded from February 1965, one year before the filing of the second application. Social Security Act, 223(a)(b), 42 U.S.C. 423(a)(b) (1964). Pasquale concedes the validity of that holding, but contends that the hearing examiner should have reopened his initial application of August 1961, which reopening would probably have entitled Pasquale to benefits for the full period of his disablement. The hearing examiner's refusal to reopen was sustained by the Appeals Council, which reasoned that 20 C.F.R. 404.957-- which provides for the reopening of a prior application, for good cause, within four years after its 'initial determination'-- did not apply to Pasquale because his first application had had its 'initial determination' on January 10, 1962, four years and one month prior to the second application. Pasquale appealed this decision to the district court, which held that Pasquale could avail himself of that regulation since the 'initial determination', as those words were intended by 404.957, had occurred on July 5, 1963, the day the January 1962 determination had become final. Pasquale v. Cohen, 296 F.Supp. at 1093. Thus, we are confronted with the issue whether the words 'initial determination' as they appear in 20 C.F.R. 404.957 refer to the first determination by the Social Security Administration or to the Administration's final resolution of the first determination.
The reopening provision, 20 C.F.R. 404.957, provides, in relevant part, that
'An initial or reconsidered determination of the Administration or a decision of a hearing examiner or of the Appeals Council which is otherwise final * * * may be reopened: (b) * * * within 4 years after the date of the notice of the initial determination (see 404.907) to the party to such determination, upon a finding of good cause. * * *
The reference to 404.907 which immediately follows the critical words clearly indicates that the words 'notice of initial determination' refer to the notice concerning the first determination by the Administration regarding a given application, for that section requires the Secretary to send notice to a claimant when the initial decision is made on his application and, if the application has been denied, to inform the claimant of his right to reconsideration. Pasquale's 404.907 'notice of initial determination' was sent on January 10, 1962, more than four years before his effort to reopen for 'good cause' was commenced.
Moreover, the repeated use of the phrase 'initial determination' throughout these regulations-- e.g., 20 C.F.R. 404.902, 404.905-404.914, 404.917, 404.953, 404.954, and 404.956-- clearly indicates that the words refer to the first step in a four-step administrative appeals system: initial determination, 404.905-404.908; reconsideration, 404.909-404.916; hearing, 404.917-404.940; and Appeals Council, 404.941-404.955. We have found no indication whatever that the phrase was used or intended in other parts of these regulations to mean anything but the first determination in the administrative scheme; the explicit reference to 404.907 in the reopening provision itself is overwhelming evidence that 'initial determination' was intended to have the same meaning there that it clearly has in 404.907 and throughout these regulations. That the determination must be final before it can be reopened, as 404.957 itself requires, is in no way inconsistent with our interpretation of 404.957 that the reopening period begins with the notice of initial determination.
The district court concluded that the reopening provision's reference to 'initial determination' was intended to mean the day on which the 'initial determination' became final, here July 5, 1963. As we have indicated above, we can find nothing in the regulations to suggest that those words were intended to have that meaning; sections 404.947 and 404.950 relate to the notice of the Appeals Council's resolution of an application and had it been that determination which was intended by 404.957, the reference there would have been to those sections, not to 404.907.
The district court was concerned by the fact that the claimant who utilized all three administrative appeals might find that his four year 'reopening' period had been substantially exhausted by his appeals, so that he would only have a short period in which to seek reopening rather than the full four years that one who made no appeals would have. We think this reasoning faulty for two reasons. First, to read the regulations as to the district court has would afford a much longer reopening period to the claimant who appealed than to the claimant who did not, thereby prejudicing the latter group. In other words, had Pasquale not appealed, he would only have until January 10, 1966, but since he did take an appeal within the Administration, he would, under the district court's interpretation, have until July 5, 1967 to seek reopening. More importantly, however, the district court overlooked the fact that a claimant has a right to introduce new evidence at each level of his administrative appeal. See 20 C.F.R. 404.914, 404.925-404.930, and 404.949. Thus, while he may be using up some of his time for reopening, he has a continuing opportunity to have all his evidence heard whenever he produces it. We think that it would be inequitable to afford an appealing claimant an additional four years for reopening after he has already had additional hearings before the administration.
Thus, we conclude that the clear meaning of 404.957 also produces a more equal treatment of all claimants. We can conceive of circumstances where these regulations might be administered in such a manner as to prejudice an appealing claimant, i.e., by deliberately delaying a determination on appeal so as to preclude reopening. We cannot believe that a court would be powerless in such exceptional circumstances to allow a reopening to one who sought it promptly. It should be remembered, however, that the regulation in question only bears on a claimant's right to reopen his application within the Administration; his right to appeal to the federal district court within 60 days of the Administration's final decision exists in any event. 42 U.S.C. 405(g) (1964); 20 C.F.R. 404.951.
Appeal dismissed.
By designation
In both Evans and Reed, the Notice of Appeal was filed within the 30-day extension period but no motion to extend was ever filed. Both Circuit Courts remanded to the district court for a determination of whether there was 'excusable neglect' for the late filing of the Notice of Appeal. Without necessarily approving the court's rule which disregards any need for the timely filing of a motion to extend-- with its supporting affidavits-- we do agree with their rule that the district court's decision on whether to extend for 'excusable neglect' need not be made within the 30-day extension period

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to concatenate string within class name syntax in JavaScript? I have a huge string like this:
''

I have a variable called icon. I need to place icon in between the two quotes. Although it feels simple, I've been struggling to wrap my head around it. Can someone please help? JS newbie here.

A: The delimiters of your string are ', so just end the ', concatenate the icon, and resume the ':

const icon = 'myIcon';
const str = '';
console.log(str);

But you might find it more readable to use a template literal instead, especially if you're building an HTML string, or if it's multi-line, or if you're having any issues with escape characters: begin and end the string with backticks, and insert variables by putting them inside of ${varNameHere}:

const icon = 'myIcon';
const icon2 = 'myIcon2';
const icon3 = 'myIcon3';
const str = `

`;
console.log(str);

A: You can split it using .split() function.
  const icon = 'Idk'
  var str = '';
  var strSplit = str.split('"');
  var addString = strSplit[0] + '"' + icon + '"' + strSplit[2];
  console.log(addString);

The array strSplit contains ['']

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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SLU
Stories of Honor
Local Illinois News
Q&A: Granite City mayor lists priorities as he starts third term
Jim Merkel
Granite City Mayor Ed Hagnauer stands in front of Granite City Hall. He was elected without opposition in the April 9 election to a third term.
JOHN SWISTAK JR., JOURNAL
Granite City Mayor Ed Hagnauer stands in front of the Granite City Hall. He was elected without opposition in the April 9 election to a third term.
Granite City Mayor Ed Hagnauer sits in his office in the Granite City Hall. He was elected without opposition in the April 9 election to a third term.
Granite City Mayor Ed Hagnauer goes over a document with his executive secretary Judy Dothage in his office. He was elected without opposition in the April 9 election to a third term.
Ed Hagnauer was one of those candidates who had it easy in the April 9 municipal election. Unopposed for a third four-year term as Granite City Mayor, he didn't have to raise money, knock on doors or put up signs. He only had to wait for another term to begin.
Now that the election's over, the 60-year-old former Granite City fire chief is working on his to-do list for the next four years.
"When I ran the first time, which was eight years ago, my goal was to clean the community up, rebuild the infrastructure, which means roads, curbs, gutters, sidewalks, sewers, and we're continuing on that," he said.
His list of goals includes the Illinois Route 3 business area, continuing work on the downtown, redeveloping parts of the Nameoki Road business district and bringing more hotels and other improvements to the Interstate 270-Route 3 interchange.
We asked him about his plans on a drive through Granite City.
Question: What have been your accomplishments downtown?
Answer: The (Granite City Cinema) movie theater was probably one of our biggest accomplishments. We have reworked the downtown area, and our goal is to make sure we get a restaurant down there. We already have a pizzeria, the theater. We're trying to get a coffee shop down there and a few more businesses. We still haven't thrown away the idea of some housing downtown, which would be senior-type housing. There's a lot of things that for older people that would draw them to that area.
Q: What about the former Kirkpatrick Homes area?
A: One of my goals was to make sure that we got rid of that place and rebuilt, and the housing authority has stepped up big for us, and they really have done that. They're planning on putting 20 more units there. All of the old Kirkpatrick Homes is now gone.
Q: What do you think can be done to keep young people from leaving the city?
A: I've always felt that the problem was that we didn't offer people properties that were big enough. These properties are all built on 35-, 45- and 50-foot lots. A lot of times that's not big enough for a family of three or four. You want a garage, you want a bigger house. So we didn't have that here. What we've been trying to do is as we go through the community and tear down vacant, derelict properties, we will try to sell these to neighbors or one side or the other so they can expand these properties.
The other thing is work well with our park district and our school district because we know those are our top draws into our community. We have to sell them on the only thing Granite has over the other communities is we're affordable. You can buy a 3,500 square foot home here for $220,000.
Q: It seems like everybody on the Granite City Council is getting along well. Why is that?
A: Traditionally, when aldermen are elected, their goals are very narrow, and they look at their own areas, and they don't really expand that, and this group of aldermen that we've got, they're amazing. If there's a project that needs to be done in the Fifth Ward, and it takes half of our (motor fuels tax) money, these guys are willing to do that and give up their little pocket of money and put it out into something that is going to help the city. We all have the same goal. We all have the goal to improve Granite.
Q: You seem like you enjoy your job.
A: I do. I enjoy trying to improve the community. I live here. I don't plan on going anywhere. It's something different every day, so I think it keeps you motivated. Fortunately, I'm able to talk to people and try to work things out. I'll do my best to help you. If I can't I let you know that. If I can, I'll make it happen.
Hagnauer
Ed Hagnauer
Title: Granite City Mayor
Resume: Joined Granite City Fire Department in 1975, became chief in 2002. Became Madison County Board member in 1998. Retired as fire chief and county board member in 2005, when he was elected mayor
Family: Married to Paula Hagnauer 41 years. Has one adult child and three grandchildren
Education: Graduated from Granite City High School in 1970. Attended Belleville Area College (now Southwestern Illinois College), where he pitched for the baseball team. Attended Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, but never graduated
Granite City Il
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Granite City council discussing plans for downtown streetscape
Granite City officials are discussing what improvements to include in a planned update to the city's downtown streets.
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ARLINGTON, Tex. — The image of Dave Gettleman not making or taking a phone call while on the clock with April's No. 2 pick should be commissioned as an oil painting and hung around the neck of this dismal Giants season.
It can go up in a display case right next to the cleats Eli Manning wore in his final season as a Giant, 2018. And a photo of Sam Darnold in his Jets uniform should just about round out the Biggest Regrets exhibit in the metaphorical Giants' franchise museum.
Too harsh? Too bad. It's appalling how badly Gettleman and ownership appear to have misjudged this team's ability, needs and trajectory in such a pivotal offseason now passed. Sunday night's loss at Dallas, in person, was that bad.
Pat Shurmur is a decision-maker, too, but how many coaches' heads will Giants fans want if this gets worse before they acknowledge the real issues: the quarterback, the offensive line, and the lack of depth?
Sunday night's measly 255 net yards of offense, a generous total propped up by garbage-time chunks, was the Giants' lowest total since the game that led Ben McAdoo to bench Manning: last season's Thanksgiving Night massacre in Washington, a 170-yard embarrassment.
Manning had a poor offensive line, little running game and no Odell Beckham Jr. in Washington. So what was Sunday's excuse, with a healthy Beckham and Saquon Barkley and good protection early in the game?
Good thing the Giants released Davis Webb, huh? Instead of having a more mobile, harder-throwing, second-year QB to perhaps replace Manning to gauge if the offense operates any more efficiently, Gettleman and Pat Shurmur have ensured that there is no threat to Manning's playing time like there was last season from Geno Smith.
Alex Tanney and Kyle Lauletta, with one career NFL appearance between them, are not replacing Manning this season.
It's No. 10 all the way. Interesting, right?
Manning, however, is the wrong hill to die on. And yet the Giants reacted so fiercely to last season's backlash against Manning's benching that it impacted a crucial offseason and led to critical mistakes determining the franchise's future.
Manning, 37, clearly had regressed enough last season that the Giants needed to find their quarterback of the future now if they didn't have him already. They drafted a special talent in Barkley, no doubt, but in a draft rich with quarterbacks, they had a chance to find his successor and follow the blueprint of the Super Bowl champion Eagles and offensive juggernaut Rams: draft a good, cheap, young QB and spend more money to build depth around him.
Instead, the Giants kept the immobile and expensive Manning ($22.2 million salary cap hit) and by drafting Barkley at No. 2 took on the NFL's sixth-highest cap hit at running back ($7.8 million). And now their offense is just as unproductive, Gettleman's rebuilt offensive line is worse and there is no telling how far they've been set back in their quest to develop one day again into a championship contender.
Gettleman knew this roster severely lacked depth. Look at how he claimed an unheard-of six players off waivers the day after cutdown day, jettisoning players who went through training camp with the Giants.
But on the clock in April — with a chance to trade back and still draft a QB, to bait the Jets at No. 3 perhaps into climbing once more for their coveted passer, and to add more assets and still get a good player in the top 10 — Gettleman stayed put nonetheless and drafted a non-QB, leaving the declining and immobile Manning as his great hope at QB and acquiring nothing else to build up the back end of his roster.
And Manning's lack of mobility is a major problem, too. Look around the NFL. Quarterbacks need to buy time, sometimes just an extra half-second, to make plays, or to see Beckham or Sterling Shepard running free above the coverage, as happened Sunday.
"There are times when you (as a quarterback) have to move slightly, or dependent on what's happening (up front with the offensive line), you don't have the ability to get the ball down the field," Shurmur said Monday on a conference call, only very delicately admitting that Manning could extend a play or two.
Ask yourself, though: how is it that Shurmur, as Minnesota's offensive coordinator, won the NFL's assistant coach of the year award in 2017 with a potent Vikings offense led by backup QB Case Keenum, but on Sunday in Dallas, his offense looked inept? The Giants certainly boast quality skill position players. What's the difference?
Two things: The mobility and playmaking ability of the quarterback, and the offensive line.
Consider Sunday night's offensive futility. The Giants had 79 yards and no points at halftime. Manning had been sacked four times, and certainly the line's inability to protect him made a bad night worse. But examining the tape tells the true story of just how much blame the quarterback deserves.
Manning dropped back for 24 passes in the first half and attempted 20 on the four he was not sacked. By my unofficial count, he threw NINE of those 20 pass attempts BEHIND the line of scrimmage (twice due to scheme, three times due to pressure, four times on checkdowns with time).
Manning also threw a stunning 15 of those 20 passes no farther than three yards downfield; and he checked the ball down on NINE different plays when he had sufficient time and protection to throw the ball further downfield.
He attempted only two passes farther than 20 yards, one of which he threw out of bounds over Beckham's head down the sideline on the Giants' first drive. Shepard couldn't hold onto a 22-yarder down the right sideline that glanced off his shoulder pad in tight coverage.
Most glaringly, though, on Manning's first eight dropbacks, the offensive line protected well. I counted only one major pressure that disrupted the pocket. And yet Manning threw five of those eight passes behind the line of scrimmage, six no farther than 1.5 yards downfield, only once due to scheme and once due to the pressure. He checked down four times with good protection.
Manning in his conference call Monday did not sugarcoat the performance much. He did, however, have a surprising answer on the play-calling imbalance in the first half of 24 pass dropbacks to only eight runs.
There are other reasons this offense didn't work, as well. The three-and-out of Jonathan Stewart two-yard and -1-yard runs and a sack was a wasted series. Gettleman's trade of O-lineman Brett Jones, now starting in Minnesota, and his signings of Patrick Omameh and Stewart, and his late signing of punt returner Kaelin Clay, are not proving wise.
What's so maddening, though, is that coming off a 3-13 season in 2017, the Giants could have managed this offseason differently, improved to 5-11 in 2018, and justifiably called it progress if they had drafted a franchise quarterback in waiting, gathered additional assets, and created ample cap space to build their next contender.
Instead, they assumed this would be a quick turnaround and in the process built higher expectations than what is realistic given the holes on their roster and their offense's futility. So now, a 5-11 record in the context of how Gettleman built this 2018 team would be nothing short of an abject failure. Plus he now will have to go back to the NFL draft or to free agency most likely to find his next quarterback.
And don't kid yourself. Next season, the Giants need a new quarterback. Manning gave you everything, Giants fans — twice. But it's over.


text:
Q: How to get a link of the thumbnail of a google drive file using google apps script? How to get a link of the thumbnail of a google drive file using google apps script?
The getThumbnail() function gives a blob. But I can't create an image with it
function createThumbnail(blob){
  if(blob != null){
    var thumbnailFile = thumbnailFolder.createFile(blob);
    return thumbnailFile.getDownloadUrl();
  }
}

var thumbImg = createThumbnail(file.getThumbnail());

A: function getThumbnailLink(fileId) {
  var file = Drive.Files.get(fileId);
  return file.thumbnailLink; // this is the value we need to fetch
}

function run() {
  var fileId = "XXX__Replace here the file's id__XXX";
  var urlth = getThumbnailLink(fileId);
  Logger.log('url-> ' + urlth);
};

To obtain the thumbnail for a file, you must give the file's id and don't forget "Activate the Advanced Google Services" => In the Editor go to Resources > Advanced Google Services > and check the ON flag for Drive API.

A: The blob data is the image - if you download it as the filetype you can open it. You can get a link to the thumbnail with file.thumbnailLink, but note that these links only last for a few hours as they're made when requested by your application.


DeepMind, the Alphabet subsidiary focused on health and AI, announced in a company blog post on Tuesday that its health group will be absorbed by Google. That news comes just days after Google disclosed plans to form a new, centralized health unit at its Silicon Valley, California headquarters led by David Feinberg, a physician and former hospital executive.
In an interview with CNBC on Tuesday, DeepMind stressed that it still won't be sharing health information with Google.
A spokesperson said that DeepMind's work with the NHS will not be impacted. "We're fully committed to all our NHS partners, and to delivering on our current projects and more," they said. Under Google Health, the team will continue to work closely with the NHS and "information governance and safety remain our top priorities," the person explained.
DeepMind has been criticized in the past for how its approach to managing health data. In particular, privacy advocates have raised concerns about the issue of consent and whether DeepMind should have asked patients for access to their clinical data.
These questions came up as the company began to work with doctors and nurses to get its Streams app into U.K. hospitals.
To bolster transparency in response to these concerns, DeepMind held regular patient forums in its native U.K. and set up an independent review panel of British physicians, academics and policymakers. That panel could now be disbanded, although no final decision has been made, according to a person familiar with the situation.
Powles, the technology law researcher, remains unconvinced.


You can't trust the Bible. There's no way Jesus could have risen from the dead. Science has disproved God's existence. These are lines that are commonly tossed around as reasons to not trust Christ and follow Him. These books are helpful in encouraging us in the faith and in being prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you (1 Peter 3:15). Click on any title to be taken to that book's Amazon page.


Imphal: The All Manipur Working Journalists' Union (AMWJU) and Editors' Guild Manipur (EGM) Tuesday condemned the detention of journalist Kishorchandra Wangkhem under the stringent National Security Act (NSA).
In a joint special general body meeting held on Tuesday at the Manipur Press Club, here both AMWJU and EGM condemned the detention of Wangkhem under NSA, said a press release issued by Sukham Nanda, the general secretary of AMWJU, PTI repored.
The District Magistrate of Imphal West had ordered detention of the 39-year-old journalist who works for a local TV channel, on November 27 allegedly after he uploaded videos criticising the BJP-led governments in Manipur.
The video reportedly had Wangkhem calling Chief Minister N Biren Singh a "puppet" of PM Modi and the RSS for organising a function meant to mark the birth anniversary of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi despite the Rajput queen having nothing to do with Manipur. In the video clip, he also reportedly dared the government to arrest him.
Wangkhem will remain in detention for 12 months, according to a Manipur government order which said his activities were "prejudicial to the security of the state and maintenance of public order".
A number of social activists have termed the National Security Act as a draconian law with a high possibility of being misused for political purposes. India is ranked 138th in the World Press Freedom Index run by Reporters Sans Frontieres - lower than Zimbabwe, Afghanistan and Myanmar.


Birth is such a special, sacred and beautiful, intimate moment! Its a moment that sometimes fleets so quickly and consumes us so deeply that we don't always have time to see all the moments and reactions around us. Those moments that might really impact us, moments we would want to freeze and cherish. The moments I capture for you so you can see them and cherish them too.
The way your husband/wife rubbed your back or held your hand. The look on your face as you meet your sweet little squishy baby as he is lifted on to your chest, the look on daddy's face as he catches his baby and hands her to you or the look as your spouse watches in amazement at you birthing her/his child into the world! The look on grandma's face as she watches her daughter powerfully birth her own baby in to this world! Or maybe those special moments where nurses or doulas, doctors or midwives that made a difference in your journey some how! Those first cries and vernix covered babies, baby wrinkled fingers and toes and fresh baby fuzz those tiny special details you'd like to remember that fade so quickly!
All these moments are why I do what I do! To help my clients to fill in to hazy moments and to freeze all those moments to cherish for all of eternity! To help you and your sweet little one tell their birth story!
Whether it's those sacred moments when a woman is nourishing life within her womb, or those real raw beautiful moments when she is labouring and birthing and becomes a mother! Those first tiny special moments after a birth when the baby is so fresh and new and changing every minute!
Following your growing family from the very start, freezing fleeting moments in time to cherish a lifetime. Helping you tell your family's story.


Shippensburg edges James Buchanan 3-2 in softball; Brady Riddell lifts 'Boro baseball.
Shippensburg did its damage early against James Buchanan, then hung on for a tight 3-2 Mid Penn Colonial Division softball victory on Thursday afternoon at Shippensburg University's Robb Field.
"This was a well-played game by both teams, and it was a neat experience to play on a college field," Ship coach Mike Peters said.
The Lady Hounds (11-7, 6-4 MPC) struck for two runs in the first inning against Nina Shatzer on a single by Sami Barmont and a fielder's choice grounder by Emily Wenner. It became 3-0 in the second when Amber Orndorff brought in Taylor Davidson with a grounder.
Courtney Coy kept the Rockets off the board until they struck for two runs in the fourth on four straight singles by Shatzer, Harley Rife, Maria Burkett and Cara Bender. Coy finished with a six-hitter with five strikeouts.
Peters said, "Court pitched a solid game. She got tougher as the game went on and our defense played well behind her. The girls turned a big double play, cut down a suicide attempt at home, and Sami made a great play at short to take a hit away."
Bender had two hits for JB (9-6, 4-6 MPC), while Coy and Morgan Fetter - who tripled - had two each for Ship.
HOME RUN HERO: The Big Spring baseball team has seen enough of Waynesboro's Brady Riddell this season.
For the second time this season, Riddell belted a game-deciding home run to beat the Bulldogs. On Thursday, the Indians (14-5, 6-4 MPC) trailed 5-4 in the bottom of the seventh and were down to their last out with nobody on base. On a 3-2 pitch, Matt Peck singled, then Francisco Maya was hit by a pitch.
That brought up Riddell, who took two pitches for strikes, then a ball. The next pitch was an inside fastball that he deposited well over the fence in left field for a 7-5 victory.
"It was a no-brainer," Waynesboro coach Greg Chandler said. "He hit a home run in the eighth inning to beat Big Spring the last time we played them."
The Indians are battling for a District 3 Class AAAA playoff spot and this was a needed win.
Chandler said, "It really helps, that's for sure. It might have put us in, but it's still pretty tight."
BIG TURNAROUND: The first time McConnellsburg met Fannett-Metal in softball this year, F-M scored an 18-4 win. But when the teams met again Thursday, the Spartans turned the tables on the Tigers with a 6-5 SHL/ICC victory.
Tied 4-4 in the top of the seventh, McConnellsburg's Jessica Stallman hit a single, and eventually raced home on a base hit by Kylie Keefer. Justice Seville (2-for-4) and Keefer (2-for-3) led the Spartans (5-13, 3-11 SHL, 3-10 ICC) at the plate, while Carly Swope threw a six-hitter for the win.
For the Tigers (9-10, 6-10 SHL, 6-8 ICC), Morgan Ritchey hit two doubles and reached base in all four of her at-bats. Brooke Harris had two hits and Taylor Coffman ripped a two-run double.
"Both teams played a good ballgame," McConnellsburg coach Junior Swope said. "We only made a couple of errors and it was a real nail-biter."
Greencastle 6, Boiling Springs 1: Myles Gayman was at it again, limiting the Bubblers to four hits, while striking out 13 and walking three to raise his record to 5-0 and the Blue Devils' record to 15-1 (10-0 MPC). Spencer Meyers was 2-for-4 with an RBI triple, Tanner Rock doubled in a run and Gayman and Dillon Morgan also had RBIs.
James Buchanan 7, Shippensburg 6: Hunter Spoonhour hit an RBI single in the bottom of the sixth inning to give the Rockets (10-8, 4-6 MPC) the lead and Wyatt Chilcote finished 3 1/3 innings of shutout relief to give JB its fourth straight win. Zach Vosburg was 3-for-4 for Buchanan, and Remi Spoonhour and Zane Bray each drove in two runs.
Shippensburg (8-8, 4-6 MPC), got a 3-for-3 performance from Adam Maring and two RBIs from Teagan Staver. The Hounds scored all six of their runs in the first two innings.
McConnellsburg 5, Fannett-Metal 1: Matt Huston fired a three-hitter with seven strikeouts to lead the red-hot Spartans (7-10, 7-8 SHL, 6-7 ICC) to their fifth straight win. He out-dueled F-M's Hunter Kann, who threw a five-hitter with seven K's. McConnellsburg broke open a scoreless game with four unearned runs in the fifth, fueled by four throwing errors by the Tigers (5-14, 3-13 SHL, 3-11 ICC). Ryan Koontz doubled for the Spartans and Cole Funk was 2-for-3 for Fannett-Metal.
Northern Bedford 7, Forbes Road 0: John Gorman fired a two-hitter for the Panthers, giving up only singles to Brycen Hohman and Matt Brown. The Cardinals (10-7, 9-6 SHL, 9-5 ICC) also made five errors.
Heritage Academy 14, Cumb. Valley Christian 3: The Blazers (4-8, 2-7 MDCC) were held to just two hits. Spencer Propst had a hit and three RBIs and Darius Barbour hit a double for CVC. In a loss to Shalom earlier in the week, Propst went 4-for-5 with a double and three RBIs.
Broadfording 4, Shalom Christian 3: The Lions held a 4-0 lead, then withstood a three-run rally in the bottom of the seventh to edge Shalom. Nate McKee was 2-for-4 for the Flames (8-7, 7-5 MDCC) and Jacob Nicholas hit a two-run single. Colby Maun allowed seven hits and fanned seven.
Chambersburg 13, Red Land 3 (6 innings): The Trojans (17-3, 12-2 MPC) got back on track with a big win over the Patriots. Leah Hunt threw a four-hitter, struck out nine batters and went 3-for-5 with a double and an RBI at the plate.
Also for Chambersburg, which will play unbeaten West Perry in a Mid Penn tournament semifinal on Tuesday at 5 p.m. at Mt. Rock Elementary in Newville, Natalie Saylor was 2-for-3, Dori Loukopoulos, Laken Myers and Sammie Bender were each 2-for-4, Alexis Estep had three RBIs and Tara Harmon and Kara Neidigh each had a pair of runs driven in.
Greencastle-Antrim 17, Boiling Springs 2 (4 innings): Ally Brown continued to terrorize opposing pitchers - she was 3-for-4 with a double, triple and six runs batted in - as the Blue Devils wrapped up the Mid Penn Colonial Division crown with a four-inning romp over the Bubblers.
Mackenzie Oberholzer also had a double and triple and knocked in four runs for Greencastle (13-4, 8-2 MPC) and Morgan Wagaman had two hits. Liz Ward earned the win, allowing just two hits.
Waynesboro 8, Big Spring 2: Alyssa Medina threw six innings of five-hit relief and helped the Maidens (12-6, 7-3 MPC) pick up an important win for playoff consideration. Waynesboro, which had 18 hits and made no errors, is currently 15th in the rankings. Medina retired 10 straight hitters after she entered. For 'Boro, Chelsea Cover was 4-for-4, Nicole Kreimer was 3-for-5 (triple, 3 RBIs), Katie Wise 3-for-5 and Tiff Stull 2-for-4 (double, 2 RBIs).
Northern Bedford 2, Forbes Road 0: The Cardinals held NBC scoreless until the top of the seventh, but the Panthers got to Courtney Schoen for both runs in that inning. Schoen allowed only five hits. Unfortunately, Forbes Road (5-13, 4-11 SHL, 4-9 ICC) managed only one hit, by Olivia Hall.
State College 16, Chambersburg 6 : State College led 12-1 at halftime in a win over the short-handed Trojans, who had only one substitute for the midfield. Chambersburg (1-16, 1-11 MPC) outscored the Little Lions 5-4 in the second half, with Liza Ernst netting three goals and Kendyl Stewart, Hannah Raines and Jordyn Amsley each scoring once.
Shalom Christian 9, Broadfording 0: Six different players scored for the Flames, who ended the regular season with a 14-1 record (11-1 MDCC). Lydia Harris, Maggie Keller and Kylie Eby scored two goals each to lead Shalom Christian.


After the birth of her youngest son, Jessica developed an interest in attachment and natural parenting, which led her to complete a Graduate Diploma in Teaching (ECE).
"Before I worked in education, I gained a degree in design and visual arts. I'm now a qualified and fully registered teacher, and have been in ECE for the past four years. Furthering my knowledge of how children's development is influenced by their social communities is very much a passion of mine and I'm currently enrolled in Post Graduate study through Massey University.
I have a great interest in nature and play-based learning and believe that children thrive when given the opportunity to explore and develop their thinking processes within a natural and collaborative environment. My love for nature is further reflected in my home life, where I live in rural West Auckland with my husband and two sons.


Shippou is a cute Kitsune (fox) yokai that specializes in making pranks which he mostly use to Inuyasha lol. At first, they both hate each other and argues which is kind of funny lol. But as they both travel together, their relationship improved. He is really adorable and so attached to Kagome.
Number one in my list is Sesshoumaru. I never thought I'd say this, but I'm one of those really annoying fangirls who love him. Deym! When I first saw him in the anime, I've got to say that there's something dangerous about him. Inuyasha has this bad boy image, but Sesshoumaru is on the highest level. I really hate him at first. Unlike Inuyasha, he really is living the bad boy life. He's rude, full of pride and all things bad. I specifically hated how he keeps on stealing their Father's memento, Tessaiga, that is originally given to Inuyasha. But everything changed when he met Rin, and then we got to find out about Tenseiga and everything about it. Then, it just happens, I love Sesshoumaru. And then I came to the part about Meidou Zangetsuha, I feel so sorry for him. Huhu, and then after that my admiration for him intensified. He made me feel so many emotions, I almost cried because of him. It will take too much writing if I'll enumerate the things that made me love Sesshoumaru so I'll just let these images speaks for itself.
Well, obviously, it's Rin. I love her character simply because she's the reason why Sesshoumaru became compassionate, which is also the reason how he was now able to use his healing sword Tenseiga. And I also love her teasing with Jaken. I love how the boring team of two grows and became lively because of her.Honestly, at first, I'm one of those fans that ships Rin to Sesshoumaru. But after I read the manga, I realized how absurd that is. I don't know, but I think Jaken is right. Sesshoumaru is like a father to Rin in a strange way, and he sure is a great one.
Kagome's family, her mother, younger brother Shouta, grandpa including their cat Buyo. I thought it's going to be a big shocker when they met Inuyasha, but end up petting him like a pet dog lol. They're all touching Inuyasha's ears haha. Well, that couldn't be help lol especially if he has that adorable doggy ears.
Kouga – The moment he was introduced in this series, I can't stop laughing. He's the third party between Inuyasha and Kagome and I can't really stop laughing whenever I remember the scene where he boldly said that he loves Kagome and he's determine to make her his woman. Well, after what Kagome went through because of Kikyou, I can't help but send Inuyasha a dirty sign. Blee!
Miyouga – The coward flea. He's some sort of the guy who knows it all, well, not totally all but mostly about Inuyasha and his father. I wish this series was able to show something about the past especially about Inuyasha's father and mother. Well, it did actually in the anime.
Totosai – The swordsmith who forged Tessaiga and Tenseiga due to Inuyasha and Sesshoumaru's father's request. I would have love it more if they included a back story of him too.
Kaede – Kikyou's younger sister. A strong lady who would probably live another 50 years the way she's going.
Kohaku – The younger brother of Sango. For a young age, he's been through a lot. But I'm happy how he was able to regain or fight for his humanity after what Naraku did to him.
Jaken – Originally, I didn't have the intention of adding him in this list but looking back, I have to say that he made my whole reading experience so enjoyable too. He's Sesshoumaru's companion. He's arrogant and even pitiful sometimes especially when he receives death glare or punches from Sesshoumaru when he's pissed but he is mostly funny especially when Rin joined the group.
Naraku – For the ultimate cunning supervilain, I guess he quite deserve to be in this list lol. He's a hanyou like Inuyasha. He's the reason why Kikyou died 50 years ago and is the reason why Kikyou and Inuyasha had a rough past.
When I think about it, this is obviously a typical adventure anime/manga. For an adventure stories, the idea of different set of individuals forming a group while traveling is quite cliche too, let alone falling in love with each other! But what sets this story different from others is on the adventures each characters went through. When I thought it's the end and the ideas are already sucked out dry from the author, we then introduced to a new unexpected scene. I've been watching anime and they all gave me the same reaction. And what is that? It's astonishment. We might already encountered the story's plot before, but the twists and turns, the scenes, the lines are so unique. I can't count how many times I said out loud "I didn't expected that!" while reading this series.
As I said, this series has a total of 559 chapters so it will absolutely take us a lot of time if I talk about the adventures the group encountered one by one. So to make it short, I'll just "kind of share" my favorite chapters from this series. Before I decided to read this manga, I have a lot of favorite scenes from the anime, mostly? Well, all of them we're from Kagome and Inuyasha. But after reading the manga, I have to say that my favorite scenes were from Sesshoumaru (Inuyasha's youkai brother). The first one was when he met Rin (human girl) and resurrected her. I really love how little by little he changed from this full mean badboy image to a compassionate one. He's still a badboy but when he's with Rin, dayum, I just can't help but squeal in delight. And another favorite scene was when he went inside the meidou (a place where the living are not suppose to go) to save Rin. It's also the most touching scene ever because of how he discarded his sword tenseiga (his father's memento) because it can't save Rin. Like dang!
For my rating, I'm detracting a half star. It really is painful but I guess I really need to. It's because even with the 559 chapters, it failed to tell us an introduction of what really is a yokai or hanyou or everything about those so-called monster. I mean, it's been 50 years after the story resumed but Sesshoumaru look as fabulous as ever and so is Inuyasha. I mean, if Inuyasha and Kagome will live together as man and wife, Kagome will age and Inuyasha would still be looking the same? The slowness of the villains too is quite so-so but I understand that to make this series long. Also, about crossing time through the well, in its first few chapters, we've got to find out that it's the Shikon Jewel that connects the two worlds, but I remembered after Naraku seized all the shards of the Jewel, Kagome was still able to go back to her world. That really is kinda confusing though. And lastly, the epilogue. Dang! Sango and Miroku had their three little angels, how come Inuyasha and Kagome didn't have atleast 1 son or daughter?! Oh well, I guess you can't really have all.
Rumiko Takahashi (高橋 留美子 Takahashi Rumiko, born October 10, 1957) is a Japanese manga artist. With a career of several commercially successful works, beginning with Urusei Yatsura in 1978, Takahashi is one of Japan's most affluent manga artists. Her works are popular worldwide, where they have been translated into a variety of languages, with over 200 million copies in circulation. She has twice won the Shogakukan Manga Award: once in 1980 for Urusei Yatsura, and again in 2001 for Inuyasha.


Ei orchestrated a tour of Atlanta's robust urban agriculture (ag) for Fulton County and EPA Region 4. The tour educated on the urban ag systems in-place, their connectivity (or lack thereof), the far-reaching implications of urban farms beyond providing fresh, seasonal produce to impoverished neighborhoods, and the valuable role compost plays on the farms. The ZWA Blog article, Urban Agriculture: vital on many fronts, documents the tour while the Ei FB album, 04-03-15 Atlanta Urban Ag Tours, is a pictorial recap of the monumental day.


text:
Клáвдия Ивáновна Шáрина (2 января 1912, Усть-Урень, Карсунский уезд, Симбирская губерния, Российская империя — 5 апреля 2002, Йошкар-Ола, Марий Эл, Россия) ― советский деятель здравоохранения, врач-окулист, общественно-политический деятель. Заместитель Председателя Президиума Верховного Совета Марийской АССР (1955―1963). Главный врач Республиканского трахоматозного диспансера / Республиканской глазной больницы  Марийской АССР (1943―1945, 1958―1972). Заслуженный врач РСФСР (1965), заслуженный врач Марийской АССР (1952). Член КПСС.

Биография

Родилась 2 января 1912 года в с. Усть-Урень ныне Карсунского района Ульяновской области.

В 1935 году окончила Казанский медицинский институт. Направлена в Марийскую АССР: до 1938 года — врач Оршанской районной больницы, с 1938 года ― в Республиканском трахоматозном диспансере / Республиканской глазной больнице МАССР: ординатор, в 1943―1945 и 1958―1972 годах ― главный врач. Внесла большой вклад в борьбу с трахомой в Марийской республике в годы Великой Отечественной войны и послевоенное время.

В 1955―1963 годах избиралась депутатом Верховного Совета Марийской АССР 2 созывов, была заместителем Председателя Президиума Верховного Совета Марийской АССР.

За многолетнюю безупречную работу в области здравоохранения в 1952 году удостоена почётного звания «Заслуженный врач Марийской АССР», в 1965 году ― «Заслуженный врач РСФСР».

Ушла из жизни 5 апреля 2002 года в Йошкар-Оле.

Звания и награды

 Орден «Знак Почёта» (1961)
 Медаль «За трудовое отличие» (1951)
 Медаль «За доблестный труд. В ознаменование 100-летия со дня рождения Владимира Ильича Ленина»
 Почётная грамота Президиума Верховного Совета Марийской АССР (1963, 1972)
 Заслуженный врач РСФСР (1965)
 Заслуженный врач Марийской АССР (1952)
 Нагрудный знак «Отличник здравоохранения»

Память

Врачу-окулисту К. И. Шариной посвящено стихотворение известного марийского поэта, лауреата Государственной премии СССР Миклая Казакова (1955).

Литература

 Александров Н. А., Мочалов С. Г. Развитие здравоохранения в Марийской АССР. ― Йошкар-Ола: Марийское книжное издательство, 1980. — 216 с.: ил.

Примечания

Ссылки

 БЕZФОРМАТА. К 80-летию высшего законодательного органа республики Руководители Верховного Совета четвёртого созыва

Выпускники Казанского медицинского университета
Заслуженные врачи Марийской АССР
Офтальмологи СССР
Члены Президиума Верховного Совета Марийской АССР
Члены КПСС


All material copyright Esha Mookerjee Dutta 2019.
When the root is deep, there is no reason to fear the wind.
In times of adversity and change, we really discover who we are and what we're made of, says Howard Schultz and he is so right. Very often, it is not adversity itself, but how we react to adversity that gives direction to our life and creates our life's story, so how we shape ourselves internally is very important. Tough times comes to all of us and just as they have the power to break us, they also have the power to make us, provided we let it— the choice is ours.
This is a grand old tree that we spotted during one of our game drives with Schotia Safaris, somewhere near Port Elizabeth in South Africa. Though it is typical of the vegetation in that area, I have no idea about its' name. If anybody helps me identify this tree, I'd be very grateful.
Joining Parul today for #thursdaytreelove which is a photo feature on her blog that brings you beautiful trees from different places. If you'd like to join in, do visit her blog to find out more. You'll love it, I'm sure.
Traveler, Dreamer, Skywatcher, Curator of memories. Loves nature, photography and also writes.
Wonderfully portrayed. We never know what we're capable of unless we're forced in a situation that needs tremendous amount of strength. We end up surprising ourselves with the courage we can muster if that's the only thing we need to keep going.
Esha, I am not seeing the picture. I have no idea why (I use Firefox as my browser). I hope it is just an issue at my end.
Esha, I decided to try your post on my phone and guess what, I can see the tree! Sadly, I don't know what it is. I hope another reader does.
Superb! Amazing trunk and roots! Must be very old… Good spotting and thanks for sharing!
Ooh this is majestic. What a grand old tree.
very well grounded. I have no clue about its name, Esha.
Oh, yes, I so agree, Esha!
Adversities teach us a lot about Life and about ourselves and more often than not, we end up surprising ourselves! And, how we transform in the end!
Absolutely gorgeous tree! Those roots! Love the message of your post as well.
Oh my God I couldn't take my eyes of the tree:) looks so strong and grounded; liked what you wrote about challenges, agree with you, the choice will always remain ours… I have no idea what tree is this.
That's a beautiful tree. I don't know the name but it's beautiful and your words go so well with the tree. I am so glad you decided to join today! Thank you!


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One of the world's leading opera houses and one of Vienna's most celebrated landmarks.
Vienna State Opera: Our most recommended tours and activities
1. Vienna: Big Bus Hop-On Hop-Off City Tour with Cruise Option
See Vienna's historic and modern highlights on a hop-on hop-off sightseeing bus tour with audio commentary. Choose between a 24-hour, 48-hour, or 72-hour pass to suit your schedule. All tickets include a self-guided walking tour with an optional guided walking tour or Danube River Cruise available. See some of "Old Vienna's" landmarks including the Opera House, Museum Quarter, Hofburg Palace, Parliament, Town Hall, and the Danube Canal. Proceed outside the city center past Prater Amusement Park to "Modern Vienna", with breathtaking views of the Vienna mountains, UNO City, and Danube Island on the Red Route. Starting in the city center, discover Vienna's famous palaces on the Blue Route. Pass the Hofburg Palace, then out of the city to the Schönbrunn Palace and the Belvedere Palace. See the suburban areas of Vienna, the expressionist landmark Hundertwasserhaus, and the "New Modern" Hauptbahnhof. With the Classic Ticket, benefit from 24-hour access to the sightseeing bus tour to see the best of Vienna in one day. Use the self-guided audio walking tour to learn more about the city at your own pace. With the purchase of a 48-Hour Premium Ticket, join an Inner City Vienna Walking Tour with a licensed guide who will lead you through the pedestrian area of Vienna's Old Town. Learn more about the fascinating imperial history with comprehensive insight into some of its most notable buildings. Select the 72-Hour Deluxe Ticket option to enjoy a scenic Danube River Cruise. In the evening, gain a different perspective on the city with access to a Panoramic Night Bus Tour with a live guide. Admire the shimmering lights of the city to finish off one of your days exploring the Austrian capital.
2. Vienna: Hop-On Hop-Off Sightseeing Bus Tour
Hop on a bus and explore Vienna however you wish. This hop-on-hop-off ticket lets you hop on or off the bus as often as you want at any of the stops, so you get to experience all of the sights at your own pace. Alternatively, you can just take a seat and enjoy a city tour with interesting and informative commentary. Choose between 3 routes, each of which takes you to a different part of Vienna. See the State Opera, the Kunsthistorisches Museum (Museum of Art History), Heldenplatz (Heroes' Square), Parliament, the Burgtheater, and the magnificent Hilton Hotel. Or, be driven to Schönbrunn Palace and Belvedere Palace before visiting the KunstHausWien museum or the UNO City – the choice is yours! Your tour offers 3 different bus routes, which can be combined as you wish: Red Route Admire the sights along the Ring Road, such as the State Opera, Hofburg Palace, the Parliament, and the Burgtheater. Stops: State Opera - Museum of Art History/Heroes' Square - Burgtheater/CityHall - University - Sigmund Freud Museum - Votiv Church - Vienna Airport Lines - DDSG City Cruises - MAK - City Park - Strauss Monument - State Opera Buses arrive every 60 minutes Mondays - Sundays, 9:30 AM – 4:30 PM Yellow Route Discover the famous Schönbrunn Palace, Schwarzenberg Platz, and Belvedere Palace. Stops: State Opera - Schönbrunn Palace - Main Station - Belvedere Palace - Lower Belvedere - State Opera Buses arrive every 60 minutes Mondays - Sundays, 10:00 AM – 4:30 PM The ride from the State Opera to Schönbrunn Palace takes approximately 25 minutes. Blue Route: Visit the famous "Prater area" where you can get acquainted with all the masterpieces of the Museum of Applied Arts, Museum of Fine Arts or even the Kunsthaus/Hundertwasser Museum. You can meet with the greatest Austrian composer, Johann Strauss, in the Stadtpark. Stops: State Opera - National Theatre/City Hall - Schwedenplatz - Hundertwasser - Prater/Giant Ferris Wheel - Danube Tower - Old Danube - Uno City - Train Station - Museum of Crime - DDSG City Cruises - - Museum of Applied Arts – City Park - Strauss Monument - State Opera Buses arrive every 90 minutes Mondays - Sundays, 10:30 AM – 2:45 PM Your ticket also includes a self-guided walking tour with an app to discover the musical heritage of the city. Cross the city at your own pace and get acquainted with the most important music halls of Vienna. See the Vienna State Opera, Beethoven Statue, Vienna Concert House, House of Music and the Beethoven Museum. Pick up your headphones and a map from the local partner's service center and follow the instructions of the QuietVox Guiding App to travel from sight to sight. You will scan the QR codes at each stop to learn more about them.
3. Vienna: Big Bus City Highlights Night Tour with Live Guide
Lose yourself in the bright city lights with a guided night tour on an open-top bus in Vienna. See some of the most iconic attractions from a different perspective, learning about each site from your guide as you pass by the Vienna State Opera, Wurstelprater, and the Stadtpark. Make your way down to the Vienna State Opera and meet your friendly guide at the open-top bus stand just outside. Jump on board and settle down in your seat with a perfect opportunity for photos with the opera house. Start rolling through the city as your host provides commentary about each new location you pass by. Watch the shimmering reflection of lights as you travel alongside the Danube river and canal. Learn about the fascinating history and architecture of Vienna and drive past the Wursteprater amusement park, Stadtpark, the Farmer's Market, and many more city attractions.
4. Vienna: Time Traveller Walking Tour
Travel back in time and witness the events that made Vienna the cosmopolitan city it is today. Enjoy six scenes with breathtaking virtual reality technology that let you relive the past on a unique two-hour tour with an audioguide. Take part in a procession on White Sunday in 1483, one of the few occasions when the ornaments were brought out and shown to the public. Take cover as the Ottoman Empire carries out another siege during the second siege in 1683. Experience the darkness during the plague that killed half of Europe and learn about Augustin, a singer who showed that Vienna could survive such terrible times with humor and music. On a sunny day, walk around the Hofburg and see Empress Sisi and Emperor Franz Joseph II on a hunting trip. Luckily, you're standing very close to the road, so don't forget to wink. At the Opera you will experience Vienna in the golden 20s and see how people prepare for an opera performance. In the last scene at St. Stephens square see the cathedral burn in the last month of the terrible Second World War and witness the Soviet army driving the last German soldiers out.
5. Vienna: Mozart Concert at the Vienna State Opera
Enjoy a festive evening with tickets to the Vienna Mozart Orchestra. Hear the best works of Mozart and Johann Strauss performed by 30 outstanding musicians, among them members of the Vienna Philharmonic and the Vienna Symphony. Hear the best of the classics with a renowned Austrian orchestra. See international star soloists and opera singers of the State and Folk Opera led by star conductors. All this in the fantastic atmosphere of the breathtaking Staatsoper, with musicians in splendid Baroque costumes and opulent wigs. Relish overtures, arias, and duets from Mozart's most beautiful operas as well as selections from symphonies, instrumental concertos, serenades, and divertimentos from the 18th century. Top it all off with Strauss' Radetsky March and Blue Danube waltzes.
6. Vienna: Wine Tasting E-Bike Tour
Spend your day discovering the Danube Canal on an e-bike ride to Klosterneuburg Abbey. Explore the abbey, enjoy a wine tasting, and discover Danube Island. Meet your guide in the center of Vienna and grab your e-bike. Cycle on the Ringstrasse, past monumental buildings and famous landmarks, such as the State Opera and Heldenplatz. Follow the Danube Canal to Nussdorf, nestled at the base of Kahlenberg. Continue along the Danube to Klosterneuburg. At Klosterneuburg Abbey, enjoy a 30-minute guided tour. Afterwards, taste local wines with explanations about the wines you'll be tasting. Take a ride on Danube Island to complete your experience.
7. Vienna: Panoramic Night Tour by Bus
Experience the most beautiful sights of Vienna at night on this unique tour. Drive around the magnificent Ringstrasse which has a special flair in the evening. During the bus ride, see all major sights in the city including the Parliament, City Hall, Burgtheater, Vienna State Opera, Belvedere Palace, Kunsthistorisches and Natural Museum of History. Continue the tour to the famous amusement park, where you can see the illuminated Giant Ferris Wheel. Finally, end at the Vienna State Opera where the tour finishes.
8. Vienna City Centre Highlight Tour - Small Group Walking Tour
Experience the centre of Vienna with a small group and participate in a tour with me, a certified Austrian Guide and enjoy your private guided walking tour, where you can see the most important places at the centre of Vienna. It doesn`t matter if you have little time to visit Vienna or you want to get interesting details from a local expert to explore the city on your own. We are walking together to see different historical sites and you will take a deep dive into the city`s past in an entertaining fashion. Experience imperial façades, horse-drawn carriages, the Imperial Palace (Hofburg), the imperial garden, the Vienna Opera House, the Spanish Riding School and St. Stephen's Cathedral at the heart of the city and much more. Find out more about the lives of prominent personalities and Vienna's rich history. Learn to recognise the influence of the Habsburgs in the form of splendid edifices and residences. You'll take a deep dive into the city's past in an entertaining fashion. Starting off at Maria Theresien Square. Maria Theresia was a strong female ruler in the 18th century and her monument is the most imposing of the Ringstraße. Discover the imperial palace (Hofburg), which was originally a fortress built in the thirteenth century and was extended to a splendid residence in accordance with the increasing power of the Habsburgs and the expansion of their realm. See one of the most famous and fascinating Opera houses in the world and pass by the Spanisch Riding School. End of the Tour will be at St. Stephans Cathedral, symbol of Vienna and the country of Austria.
9. Vienna: Bus Tour with Virtual Reality Experience
Explore the best of Vienna in 1 hour while enjoying a one-of-a-kind virtual reality experience. Hop on the Future Bus to be driven through the city's main highlights and make 4 stops to dive into another reality with VR glasses. Begin your tour at the welcome stop at Albertinaplatz, right behind the Opera building. Receive a welcome from your driver and take a seat in the comfortable and well-equipped minibus. Get your earphones and be greeted by a professional audio guide. After a quick briefing, begin your exciting tour. Start by seeing Vienna's magnificent buildings including the State Opera, the Neuburg, Heroes Square and Maria Theresia square. Hop off the minibus for the first out of 4 virtual reality stops. Follow the audio guide's instructions to wear your virtual reality glasses. Meet some of Vienna's greatest individuals including Eugene of Savoy, Archduke Charles and Maria Theresia. After the virtual reality tour, remove the glasses and continue the tour. Pass by the Volksgarten, the Austrian Parliament, and then stop right in front of Vienna's city hall. There, near the Burg theatre, enjoy the second virtual reality stop. Afterward, be driven further towards Schottentor and turn to the next virtual reality stop at the Neo-gothic Votive Church. Learn about the assassination attempt of Emperor Franz Joseph, and his brother Maximilian. Continue the journey as you hear interesting stories through the audio guide. Pass by Volkstheatre, Museumsquartier, the Secession building, Naschmarkt, Karlskirche, and many other interesting sights which you can admire through the large window next to you. Finally, be taken back to the famous Ringstraße. From there, return to the starting point of the tour, right behind the Opera building, for the final virtual reality stop.
10. Vienna by Bike 3-Hour All-In-One City Bike Tour in English
Enjoy a fun, informative and healthy 3-hour tour of imperial Vienna, riding comfortable city bikes. An expert guide will lead you along safe, well-surfaced routes, making multiple stops to snap pictures of Vienna's most important sights up close. Pedal along the famed Ringstrasse to get a sense of the glory of the imperial city. Once the center of the powerful Habsburg Empire, the impressive architecture of Vienna's noble boulevards include City Hall, Vienna University, the House of Parliament, Imperial Palace, and the Opera House. Go to Heroes' Square, where Hitler made his infamous "Anschluss" speech in 1938, before cycling towards the Hundertwasserhaus, Vienna's funkiest apartment building. Last, but not least, ride to the Prater to marvel at the giant Ferris wheel, before pedaling back along the banks of a sidearm of the River Danube.
Vienna: Big Bus Hop-On Hop-Off City Tour with Cruise Option
1 hour - 3 days
Vienna: Big Bus City Highlights Night Tour with Live Guide
Vienna: Hop-On Hop-Off Sightseeing Bus Tour
Vienna: Time Traveller Walking Tour
Vienna: Mozart Concert at the Vienna State Opera
Vienna City Centre Highlight Tour - Small Group Walking Tour
Vienna by Bike 3-Hour All-In-One City Bike Tour in English
Vienna: Danube River Cruise & 1-Day Hop-On Hop-Off Bus Tour
Vienna: Bus Tour with Virtual Reality Experience
Vienna: Mozart Concert with Dinner and Carriage Ride
Vienna: Panoramic Night Tour by Bus
Vienna: Guided Danube Cycle Path Sightseeing Bike Tour
Highlights of Vienna: Private Bike Tour with Licensed Guide
Vienna: Wine Tasting E-Bike Tour
Vienna: 2-Hour Historical Sightseeing Tour
Vienna: Hop-On Hop-Off Bus Ticket with Wine Tasting
Top sights near Vienna State Opera
1. Spanish Riding School
2. Schönbrunn Palace Vienna
3. Belvedere Palace
5. Belvedere Palace Museum
Top Attractions in Vienna
1 Spanish Riding School
2 St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna
3 Museum der Illusionen, Vienna
4 Albertina Museum Vienna
5 Chocolate Museum Vienna
6 Leopold Museum
7 Naschmarkt
8 Wiener Musikverein Concert Hall
9 Schönbrunn Palace Vienna
10 Weltmuseum Wien
11 Capuchin Church
12 Café Hawelka
13 Wiener Riesenrad
14 Stephansplatz
15 Vienna Central Cemetery
16 Church of the Minorities
17 Beethoven Pasqualatihaus
18 Dom Museum Wien
19 Hofburg Palace
20 Vienna City Hall
Things to Do in Vienna State Opera
1 Vienna State Opera Activities
2 Vienna State Opera Rainy-day activities
3 Vienna State Opera Entry tickets
4 Vienna State Opera Culture & history
5 Vienna State Opera Wheelchair accessible
6 Vienna State Opera Tours
7 Vienna State Opera Architecture
8 Vienna State Opera Outdoor activities
9 Vienna State Opera For first-time visitors
10 Vienna State Opera Music activities
11 Vienna State Opera Night tours
12 Vienna State Opera Museums & exhibitions
13 Vienna State Opera Landmarks & monuments
14 Vienna State Opera Summer activities
15 Vienna State Opera Shows & musicals
16 Vienna State Opera Theater
17 Vienna State Opera Family-friendly activities
18 Vienna State Opera Shows
19 Vienna State Opera Garden & park tours
20 Vienna State Opera Culinary & nightlife
Cities in Austria
2 Salzburg
3 Innsbruck
4 Hallstatt
5 Zell am See
6 Werfen
7 Baden bei Wien
8 Pitztal
9 Feldkirch
10 Eisenstadt
11 Oberndorf bei Salzburg
12 Hallein
13 Steinbach am Attersee, Austria
14 Krimml
15 Seefeld
Day Trips from Vienna
1 Day Trips from Vienna to Hallstatt
2 Day Trips from Vienna to Budapest
3 Day Trips from Vienna to Salzburg
4 Day Trips from Vienna to Bratislava
5 Day Trips from Vienna to Prague
6 Day Trips from Vienna to Melk
7 Day Trips from Vienna to St Gilgen
8 Day Trips from Vienna to Danube River, Austria
9 Day Trips from Vienna to Dürnstein
Other Sightseeing Options in Vienna State Opera
Want to discover all there is to do in Vienna State Opera? Click here for a full list.
What people are saying about Vienna State Opera
I was in Vienna with my family and it was a great decision to take this tour…it allows you to see Vienna and have a lot of information sitting comfortably…especially if you have children!
Vienna: Big Bus Hop-On Hop-Off City Tour with Cruise Option Reviewed by Marzia, 1/7/2023
Holiday with children excellent solution to alter to walks especially if it's cold
Vienna: Hop-On Hop-Off Sightseeing Bus Tour Reviewed by Anna Elisa, 1/6/2023
Very good several stops it's nice and the direct for the castle a treat thank you
Vienna: Hop-On Hop-Off Sightseeing Bus Tour Reviewed by VESPA, 1/11/2023
I highly recommend this App, saved us money and had had a great choice of attractions
Vienna: Big Bus Hop-On Hop-Off City Tour with Cruise Option Reviewed by Koko, 1/3/2023
It was so lovely to be able to learn about the city at our own pace. GREAT idea!
Vienna: Self-Guided Audio Walking Tour on Your Phone Reviewed by Chantal, 1/4/2023


PALO ALTO, Calif., October 13, 2016 — Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Inc., (NASDAQ: EIGR) today announced that abstracts from its LOWR HDV (LOnafarnib With Ritonavir in Hepatitis Delta Virus) Program will be presented at the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, November 11 to 15, 2016. Twenty-four-week data from the phase 2 LOWR HDV Program will be presented.
LOWR HDV – 2 is a dose-finding study to identify optimal combination regimens of lonafarnib and ritonavir ± PEG-IFN-α, with efficacy and tolerability for longer term dosing to enable HDV RNA clearance. In this open-label study, approximately 40 HDV infected patients have been enrolled to date into 9 groups of different doses of lonafarnib in combination with ritonavir for dosing durations of 12 or 24 weeks. Lonafarnib doses range from 100 mg bid to 25 mg bid. LOWR HDV – 2 is being conducted at Ankara University in Ankara, Turkey.
LOWR HDV – 3 is a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study designed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily doses of lonafarnib – 50 mg, 75 mg and 100 mg – each combined with ritonavir 100 mg once daily for 12 or 24 weeks. Twenty-one patients with chronic hepatitis delta were randomized into one of six treatment groups. LOWR HDV – 3 is being conducted at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland and dosing has been completed.
LOWR HDV – 4 is an open-label study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of dose escalation of lonafarnib combined with ritonavir administered twice daily for dosing durations of 24 weeks. Fifteen patients were initiated at lonafarnib 50 mg and ritonavir 100 mg twice daily, and dose-escalated up to lonafarnib 100 mg twice daily at the discretion of the investigator. LOWR HDV – 4 is being conducted at Hannover Medical School in Hannover, Germany and dosing has been completed.