text:
Guest blog: Time for universities to declare a climate emergency
Greta Thunberg, the inspiration behind the global "school strike for climate" movement, will be thinking about applying for university in a year's time. Except that she probably won't. She and one million other young protestors in well over 100 countries around the world share a common message: "Why should we study when we have no future?"
That message in itself should make universities react to the changing mood of society towards the issues of climate breakdown, the devastation of our natural world and all the consequent social and economic implications. What do we have to say to these young people to change their minds, give them hope for the future and, bluntly, to encourage them to apply to our institutions?
Beyond the dry business case for making sure that we appeal to this hyper-woke generation, there is a moral case and some historical precedents. University academics have been at the forefront of creating the new thinking over centuries that has driven society forward. Discovering the truth might be considered the ultimate goal for academics, and there can be no more important time to focus on inconvenient truths than at this moment of existential threat to humanity.
Academics were among the co-authors of the seminal work that has put any debate about the causes of climate change to bed and has quantified the damage that humanity is doing to the natural world. The Committee on Climate Change, fuelled by evidence from academics, has proposed that the UK could realistically become a net zero emitter of greenhouse gases by 2050. Rather audaciously, the University of Cambridge has just announced that it will set up a research centre to develop new ways to repair the climate.
This is all inspiring stuff, and we in universities might congratulate ourselves on enabling this incredibly important thinking. But it clearly isn't enough. There is a darkly humorous social media meme that mocks capitalism in a cartoon of a dystopian future planet, destroyed by climate breakdown and nature loss where the remaining people reminisce: "for a glorious moment in the past we created vast shareholder value." Perhaps the same could be said for universities: "for a glorious moment in the past, we contributed to some very high impact publications."
What is to be done?
So as Greta Thunberg and Extinction Rebellion implore us to respond like this is a crisis, what more can we do? Well, perhaps we should follow the lead of the UK Parliament and Councils across the land and declare a climate and environment emergency across the sector. The EAUC, the alliance of sustainability professionals in education, are calling for just that and have published some useful practical things that we could all do. They are encouraging universities to pledge to go net zero by 2050, and a dozen UK institutions have signed up, some with ambitions to reach that point much sooner.
But what would it take to turn that ambition into reality? The answer to that question is clearly "a lot." I would argue that, at risk of accusations of extreme managerialism, the first thing we need to pay attention to is the old adage that you can only manage what you measure. Because we work in higher education, we all love a league table (don't we?). The People and Planet University League has been going for a decade and more recently Times Higher Education launched the Impact Rankings that align to the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Whatever you think about league tables, these two provide useful measurement frameworks, which means that every university doesn't have to invent their own.
Most UK universities have now signed up to the exciting-sounding ISO 14001 standards, which provide a method for identifying and then making improvements in greenhouse gas emissions, water use, waste generation, biodiversity management and so on. This is great as it helps you reduce your negative environmental impacts, but the real prize is to increase your net positive impact through putting priority on research and learning initiatives that equip graduates, businesses and governments to create a better future.
Which brings me back to where I started, engaging students. The National Union of Students recently published research which showed that 80 per cent of students want their institutions to do more on sustainability, and 60 per cent wanted to learn more about it. In response to this, they run a sustainable development teach-in campaign, where lecturers in all subjects are encouraged to incorporate elements of sustainability into their programmes. If the sector were to declare a climate and environment emergency, not only would we take radical action on reducing our environmental impact, but we would also find new ways for young people like Greta Thunberg to gain the skills and knowledge that will provide them with hope for their futures.
Written in a personal capacity by David Bagshawe-Cope, director of strategic change and planning at Oxford Brookes University. Head to David's Twitter page @BagshaweCope to see what else he's been up to.
This article was first published on Wonkhe (https://wonkhe.com/blogs/time-for-universities-to-declare-a-climate-emergency/).


Deliberately expressed in every detail is the hallmark of Saroyan Masterbuilder.
We are an award-winning architectural, construction and interior design firm based on the exquisitely beautiful Monterey Peninsula, California.
We are the fully-integrated, single-source solution to your design-and-build needs. The Saroyan team, many of whom are cross-trained in several disciplines, will carry out your project seamlessly from vision to completion, overseeing quality and integrity all along the way.
Since 1974, Al Saroyan, AIA has made his mark on the Monterey Peninsula with his distinguishable Old-World style and craftsmanship.
Thousands of details are given thoughtful, meticulous consideration before we drive the first nail.
Very professional, workman ship and materials used was first class quality. Very knowledgeable about rules and regulations in Carmel. Great group of people to work with and their subcontractors were excellent.
It was difficult to stay in budget and on time, but we were very pleased with the work performed. We have seen the work of other contractors in the area and the work Saroyan Masterbuilder performed is the best we have seen. Could not have been more pleased with the quality of work performed.
I am an Interior Designer based in West Hollywood CA, yet have many projects in my hometown in the Monterey Bay Area. An opportunity came to me to design a brand new 16,000 sq ft interior office space. I needed to partner with an Architectural Office, and knew just who to turn to, Saroyan Masterbuilder. I had worked with Casey Torres is the past, when he was working for a different company. Now that he was working with a seasoned Architect, I knew this would make a winning team.
I was right! Al Saroyan's experience, with Casey's hard working, attention to detail, made the project flow seamlessly. They not only made the design process fun, but communicated with each design phase .effectively, The end product surpassed my expectations, and would recommend this dynamic team to anyone. I know I will be working with Saroyan Master Builders the next time I need to partner with an Architectural Office.
Sharply and smartly intuitive design and build services from imagining the project until finishing. Has a great grasp of materials and their relational qualities as well as technical and structural placement. Since Al has a good sense of the creative process he can work with clients to design a home that they would want to either fully enjoy for years or design build and sell for the high end market.
His counterpart Casey also has excellent materials and design skills and mastery of Auto CAD to produce accurate and readable plans and drawings as well as full concept 3D models which makes the project visioning a practical tool in the design to build process.
and elegantly choreographed, our team of architects, designers and master craftsmen create a masterpiece of each project.
We care about what's best for you and our planet.


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<title>ValidationException (plexsvc-framework 1.2-SNAPSHOT API)</title>
<meta name="date" content="2015-10-21">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../stylesheet.css" title="Style">

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Overview

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com.plexobject.validation

Class ValidationException

java.lang.Object

java.lang.Throwable

java.lang.Exception

java.lang.RuntimeException

com.plexobject.domain.BaseException

com.plexobject.validation.ValidationException

All Implemented Interfaces:

Statusable, java.io.Serializable

@WebFault
public class ValidationException
extends BaseException

This exception is raised when validation error occurs

See Also:

Serialized Form

Nested Class Summary

Nested Classes

Modifier and Type
Class and Description

static class
ValidationException.BuilderImpl

Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class com.plexobject.domain.BaseException

BaseException.Builder, BaseException.Error

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Modifier
Constructor and Description

protected
ValidationException()

ValidationException(java.lang.String message,
                   BaseException.Error... errors)

ValidationException(java.lang.String message,
                   java.util.Collection<BaseException.Error> errors)

ValidationException(java.lang.String message,
                   java.lang.Throwable cause,
                   java.util.Collection<BaseException.Error> errors)

Method Summary

Methods

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

static BaseException.Builder
builder()

Methods inherited from class com.plexobject.domain.BaseException

getErrors, getStatusCode, getStatusMessage, toString

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Throwable

addSuppressed, fillInStackTrace, getCause, getLocalizedMessage, getMessage, getStackTrace, getSuppressed, initCause, printStackTrace, printStackTrace, printStackTrace, setStackTrace

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail

ValidationException

protected ValidationException()

ValidationException

public ValidationException(java.lang.String message,
                   BaseException.Error... errors)

ValidationException

public ValidationException(java.lang.String message,
                   java.lang.Throwable cause,
                   java.util.Collection<BaseException.Error> errors)

ValidationException

public ValidationException(java.lang.String message,
                   java.util.Collection<BaseException.Error> errors)

Method Detail

builder

public static BaseException.Builder builder()

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Illustration by Angie Wang
Prison Is Already Scary. It's Even Worse During a Blackout
As darkness fell, nerves got rattled and rumors spread.
By Derek R. Trumbo, Sr.
I was sitting on my bed listening to Speedy, who lives several bunks down, tell another one of his tall tales. He'd done prison time in Ohio, Michigan and Texas, according to him, each time for murder charges and each time day for day—one day off for good behavior for every day served. And then the lights went out.
This article was published in collaboration with Vice.
At first, no one thought anything of it. Prison is a dark place, and the lights go out all the time. In a minute or so, the back-up generators would kick on.
This time, they didn't.
After several minutes of confusion, the officer working the dorm made the announcement that we would be in the dark for a while. Around an hour later, stories began to circulate about someone noticing a flash and then hearing a sharp pop. It turned out that some electrical wiring caught fire outside the prison fence-line. We heard that it shouldn't take the power company any more than a few hours to fix it. This was late Saturday afternoon.
As the night wore on, we did anything we could to occupy ourselves. There were a lot of card games, people playing dominoes and reading. Then it began to grow dark outside and unbearable inside the cramped confines of the honor dorm, a unit reserved for inmates with good behavior records. When you're locked down with nearly 50 men—with no lights and without the luxury of TV and other leisure items—things can quickly become tense. From across the hall came stories of people claiming to see officers running to other dorms, and when pill call came—where prisoners are taken out of their wing to take medication—it was under armed escort. The officers stopped laughing about the lights being out and began huddling together. Any information exchange between inmates and officers came to an abrupt halt.
It's hard to sleep when everyone in the wing knows something is up but not exactly what. Conversations between friends became debates, and through the night, whispers could be heard, plots hatched and old wrongs reevaluated beneath the shadow of darkness and out of sight of the now-useless surveillance cameras mounted every 20 feet. The dark offered ample opportunity for some to find safety and companionship in the arms of another without the prying eyes in the sky. Others took the pitch black as an opportunity to take whatever they wanted from those they felt wouldn't resist.
The third-shift officers arrived in full riot gear, camo green uniforms, tasers, pepper spray, and head-mounted lights. Counts were conducted in silence and questions were answered with shouts of "comply or else." Everyone was on edge.
I listened to my battery-powered radio and silently prayed I wouldn't hear any news about the prison. I'd already survived one riot and didn't need to suffer through another one. Eventually, I found sleep.
The next day, Easter Sunday, we awoke to an announcement and a posted memo: The news was alerted to the blackout, the prison website had been updated to reflect there would be no visits, and we would be in the dark until further notice.
Then came the stories from those who'd left the honor dorm for pill call. Some said the staff had begun to call what was happening elsewhere in the prison "The Purge," after the dystopian film in which crime is legal in America one night per year. Overnight, we were told, as many as 20 people checked in to the infirmary with bruises, busted lips and black eyes. We heard rumors that several had been shipped to the hospital, and that a few men had even been raped. Normally, anything I hadn't witnessed with my own eyes would be considered yard gossip, or more appropriately, labeled "inmate.com"—just another piece of useless information to be discarded. Only there was no denying the change that had come over the staff or the atmosphere of caged agitation that could be seen in every eye or heard in every voice, inmate and officer alike.
As I sat safe and surrounded by people who, like myself, had signed up for the honor dorm as a way to escape the noise and day-to-day drama of general population, inmates in other units—mostly older men who wore the label of rat, or worse, "chomo" (child molester)—were apparently being subjected to assaults, both physical and sexual. As the stories poured in, many of us in the honor dorm felt conflicted by our status. A few, like Speedy, felt the need to mouth off to the staff and threaten everyone with a sample of what we heard all those guys in the other dorms were getting. I just sat back and watched for signs of things getting out of hand. More than a few of us voiced disdain toward anyone who felt the need to target the weak.
It took another day for power to be restored, and several more days until life at the prison was back to normal. Some officers jokingly continued to refer to the blackout as "The Purge," re-telling the story of a man who had allegedly been beaten with not just fists but a canned good in a laundry bag and a lock fastened to a belt before having a television broken over his head—and being urinated on. It was intended as a cautionary tale for those who felt the need to touch children.
I've seen the man who they say was assaulted. He was almost 70 and shuffled his feet when he walked—clomp, clomp, clomp. Whether he deserved what happened to him is pure conjecture. I do my best not to judge anyone's sins. When I asked if the guy made it or not, I was answered with a mix of laughs, sneers, yeses and nos.
Not everyone felt the "purge" was a complete success: Some staff complained they didn't get the opportunity to use their pepper spray, and some inmates still had a few enemies.
All I know is I never used to have an issue with being in the dark, but now I question the caliber of people I share this place I call home with.
Derek R. Trumbo Sr., 40, is incarcerated at the Northpoint Training Center in Burgin, Kentucky, where he is serving 25 years for charges stemming from the sexual abuse of a child. He has maintained his innocence in court. He is a two-time winner of PEN writing awards for his plays, which have been performed in Australia, New York City, and Louisville, Kentucky. Although a current Northpoint Training Center inmate matched the name and description provided by the author, a spokesperson for the Kentucky Department of Corrections did not respond by publication time to queries about the alleged assault and other violence recounted in this story.
Tags: →Dangerous Conditions in Prisons/Jails →Prison Life →Prison Health

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Agency and Post-Colonial Consciousness in Singlish
The strong hold Singlish has on the Singaporean consciousness and identity will have to be weighed against its detrimental effects. In the era of globalization, with different corners of the world seamlessly integrated via advanced telecommunication, Singaporeans find themselves under pressure to conform to global standards. And one fundamental criteria for availing international business opportunity is proficiency in standardized English. While Singaporeans were thrust with the English language during British colonialism, they now face linguistic coercion through other means – namely, economic. One can also read cultural imperialism at play here, especially since Hollywood and McDonalds have now become staples of Singaporean society. These external pressures pose a great threat to the survival of Singlish. The economic imperatives of globalization have prompted educationists in Singapore to strictly discourage Singlish usage, while promoting standard English. The future prosperity of the Singaporean economy depends on its workforce's ability to communicate proficiently in English. This is vital to attracting lucrative foreign investment to the country. The recent financial meltdown in many Asian economies has only highlighted the language imperative. In reaction to the economic crisis,
"the Singapore government has increasingly devoted much of its energies to developing the island-state as a regional knowledge-based hub with a highly skilled service sector proficient in English. These efforts have been motivated in large part by a realization that the country is no longer able to compete with its neighbours for low-cost labour-intensive manufacturing investment… Through the media, employers and the government have long expressed criticism of supposedly declining English language skills, warned of the consequential potential impact on the country's future competitiveness, and called for an improvement, particularly in graduates' English communication skills." (Wharton, 2002)
Language is the central conduit of public consciousness, for it is the "immediate actuality of thought. Just as philosophers gave thought an independent existence, so are they bound to make language an independent realm." (Wharton, 2002) The power of language in informing and uplifting a community is well articulated in scholarship emerging from the political Left. Scholars on this side of the political spectrum have identified how language is potentially an omnipresent force that helps express human agency. Since human art and civilization is intricately linked to the development of the language faculty, it follows that the realm outside language is not worthy of consideration. This assessment applies most appropriately to public policy discourse and less so for cultural affairs. Singlish will have to be viewed in this perspective. Its value can only be appreciated if we take into account how language defines and limits what we know, what we can imagine, what we can do. In the postcolonial context, the politics of language has assumed renewed importance, for
"oppression is said to be rooted ultimately in the way in which we and others are defined linguistically, the way in which we are positioned by words in relation to other words. Our very being, our identities and "subjectivities," are constituted through discourse. As one trendy literary theorist puts it in David Lodge's novel Nice Work, it is not merely that you are what you speak; no, according to the new idealism, "you are what speaks you." Language is thus the final "prison-house." Our confinement there is beyond resistance; it is impossible to escape from that which makes us what we are." (McNally, 1995)


text:
Canvas based image loader

### Requirements
- `Promise`

### Example

```javascript
const jenfr = require("jenfr"),
  pics = ["file1.jpg", "file2.jpg", "file3.jpg", "file4.jpg", "file5.jpg"],
  target = document.querySelector("#photos");

Promise.all(pics.map(file => {
    return jenfr(target, file, {className: "photo"});
})).then(() => {
  console.log("Pictures loaded");
}, e => {
  console.error(e);
});
```

### API
**jenfr(Element[, imageUrl, options])**
_Promise ([canvas, context, image])_

Creates a canvas with the supplied options. A fallback `img` Element will be created with `imageUrl` if the Client cannot create a `canvas`.

To get the natural `width` & `height` of the image, do not specify in `options`, e.g. `{}`.

```javascript
jenfr(document.querySelector("body"), "http://...", {
  height: 400,
  width: 400,
  scale: true,
  filter: "blur(5px)",
  font: "48px serif",
  strokeText: ["Hello world", 50, 100]
}).then(args => {
  console.log("rendered canvas", args);
}, e => {
  console.error(e)
});
```

#### Options

`Canvas` attributes can be specified, as well as `context` methods with an `Array` of arguments.

**scale _(Boolean)_**
Scales the image to fit inside the canvas if a `width` & `height` are specified.

```javascript
jenfr(document.querySelector("#photo"), "http://...", {height: 500, width: 500, scale: true});
```

### How can I load jenfr?
jenfr supports AMD loaders (require.js, curl.js, etc.), node.js & npm (npm install jenfr), or using a script tag.

### License
Copyright (c) 2016 Jason Mulligan
Licensed under the BSD-3 license


Thinking Tackle Season Season Six starts on Sky Discovery Shed this coming month! From Tuesday July 17th you'll be able to catch all nine of the shows from the latest series of our flagship carp TV show. Each program will be screened at 22:00 on the Tuesday, then repeated at 22:00 the following Sunday, in case you missed it! We know that there are plenty of you out there who missed TT6 first time around, so here's your chance to get it on series record!
Here's a breakdown of what you can expect from one of the best fishing series ever filmed….


While overall suicide rates in Japan declined, more young people under the age of 18 committed suicide.
The suicide rate among Japanese adolescents has reached a sad high. Last year, 250 young people under the age of 18 took their own lives. In 1986, the last time this value was passed in the country. "The suicide rates remain high, that's alarming and that's why we need to take care of it," said the Japanese Ministry of Education. However, it was difficult to find out what was the reason for this increase.
Even with the 250 cases, one knows only a small part about the original search for the suicide. The ministry said that the adolescents were plagued by anxiety about the future and family problems or that they were harassed. Overall, the suicide rate in Japan fell in the previous year.
Next Will UK businesses face a power problem, post-Brexit?


text:
Countries Take up Positions Ahead of UN Vote on LGBT Rights
NEW YORK, November 11 (C-Fam) The UN General Assembly is preparing the battlefield for the most important vote on the homosexual agenda it has ever faced.
The African Group tabled a resolution last week challenging the legality of a narrow decision of the Human Rights Council in June to establish the first-ever UN bureaucratic post on LGBT issues.
The 54 nation-strong Group said it was "disturbed" by the incessant focus on "sexual interests and behaviors" and asked that these notions not be linked to binding human rights law.
"The African Group is strongly concerned by the attempts to introduce and impose new notions and concepts that are not internationally agreed upon," Botswana's ambassador said, presenting the position of the African Group last Friday.
He asked for the "suspension" of the UN post until further consultations on the legal basis of the mandate take place.
Delegations did not waste time in laying out their positions.
Countries backing the homosexual agenda scrambled to counter the Africans, revealing the high priority Western nations afford the new post, ostensibly aimed at reducing violence and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity.
A US diplomat said they were "deeply concerned" by the African proposal to re-open negotiations on the resolution of the Human Rights Council because it would "set a very dangerous precedent." She suggested the Africans were claiming the absence of a legal basis for the mandate as a pretext to block the mandate.
The United Kingdom said the proposal would "undermine" the Human Rights Council. Earlier this week the UK's deputy foreign secretary, Alan Duncan, said his country would fight to save the independent expert.
Costa Rica said the African position would undermine the entire UN human rights system. Brazil called for respect for the "integrity" of the decisions of the Human Rights Council.
Chile called the African draft "inappropriate" and said it would "open a dangerous floodgate to weakening protections for any category of human being."
Brazil said a dedicated mechanism for LGBT rights was necessary in light of the "scale" of LGBT violence and discrimination.
On the other side, Egypt suggested that the UN system has been giving prominence to LGBT rights over established and respected human rights obligations.
Indonesia, China, and India were among the nations that voiced support for taking an approach to human rights that is respectful of culture, religion and tradition, signaling that they are likely to support the African Group.
This is Obama's final chance to leave a lasting legacy for LGBT rights at the United Nations. Messages from the State Department to delegates and capitals are making the case for leaving the independent expert alone.
A UN General Assembly committee vote on the African resolution is expected before Thanksgiving and again in December in the General Assembly Plenary. A hostile amendment to the resolution has been tabled and has the sponsorship of more than 50 countries.
Seventy-six countries throughout the world prohibit sodomy. If all of them voted in favor of the resolution it would virtually ensure its passage. In recent times, however, U.S. diplomats have boasted that they are able to twist the arms of such countries to make them abstain in controversial votes or even vote against their own laws on sexual relations.
View online at: https://c-fam.org/friday_fax/countries-take-positions-ahead-un-vote-lgbt-rights/


Imagine sitting down to play a game with no understanding of the pieces or the purpose and lacking the instruction manual. Can you picture the mayhem that might ensue? That is how most people approach marriage. They don't understand their roles, its purpose, and lack the instructions from the one who created it.
No Longer Two is fresh take on this old subject. It reveals new insights into how men and women think and behave. It navigates you toward a stronger marriage by helping you understand the actual purpose of marriage. It also decodes the marriage instruction manual contained within our Bibles; the very one that most people lack, misuse, or misunderstand. This practical resource is easy to understand and fun to read, a definite must-have for any couple.
Jennifer Miller is both a Christian pastor and professional counselor who has dedicated her career to helping individuals, couples, and families strengthen their faith and their relationships. No Longer Two is a compilation of all the wisdom she has gained and shared over the years on what truly makes relationships work, as well as how to communicate across the gender gap. In addition to teaching and writing on marriage and family topics, she serves as the Co-Executive Director of a nonprofit Christian ministry, The Center for Living Well, located in Arizona with divisions in Canada and Michigan.
To find out more about The Center for Living Well, visit centerforlivingwell.org.
Want to bring the No Longer Two experience to your group or organization? Jennifer is available for speaking engagements.
Go beyond marriage with this 9-week study that equips you to transform your faith, your marriage, and your abilities as a parent. It is time to revolutionize your home life.
Take your experience of No Longer Two deeper or turn it into a small group study with one of our free study guides. No matter your relationship status or stage, you will gain something from reading this book. Choose what works best for you - single, seriously dating or engaged, or married.
It's a great read, easy to understand, hard to put down, a life/relationship changer. Don't spend another day in a relationship without it!
Jennifer has been gifted with an incredible ability to explain complex topics, Scripture and Biblical meanings in a way that is not only easy to read, but refreshingly easy to understand!


text:
Ezeugo v Hendon Magistrates Court
Reference: 05/11/2010
Court: Wood Green Crown Court
Judge: HHJ May QC
Date of judgment: 5 Nov 2010
Summary: Contempt - Criminal contempt - s.12 (1) Contempt of Court Act 1981 - Wilfully interrupting court proceedings - Appeal conviction and sentence
Appearances: Christina Michalos QC (Respondent)
Instructing Solicitors: Treasury Solicitor
The Appellant had appeared at Hendon Magistrates' Court. He had contended that the Chairman of the Bench was biased against him and wanted his case transferred. It was alleged that he then (1) refused to give his name and address, shouted at the bench repeatedly and aggressively, despite being warned about the possibility of contempt, and continued to do until security were called; (2) interrupted another case; (3) in the absence of the bench, shouted at and was aggressive towards the Legal Advisor to the Court; (4) shouted at and argued with the usher in Court; and (5) refused to leave the well of the Court. Security was called and he was removed to the cells. He was released in the afternoon and was not represented but did not purge his contempt.
On 1st February 2010, he was convicted of an offence contrary to s.12(1)(b) of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 namely wilfully interrupting Court proceedings and was sentenced to 7 days imprisonment. He appealed against conviction and sentence. Appeal is by way of rehearing.
(1) Whether the conviction should be set aside, including consideration of the meaning of "wilful" and whether the conduct in issue met the statutory test;
(2) If not, whether the sentence was excessive.
Dismissing the appeal against conviction but allowing the appeal against sentence in part :
(1) The incident involving shouting at the bench met the required standard but that the other matters fell short of conduct required. The interruption of the earlier case was held to be disruptive and bordering on contempt. It was held that despite being warned, the conduct amounted to wilful disruption of court proceedings.
(2) Given the background including the fact that the underlying charges upon which the Appellant appeared on that day were later withdrawn, the appropriate sentence was the amount of time spent in the cells on the day of the interruption.
A person "wilfully" interrupts the proceedings of the court if he commits the acts causing the interruption deliberately with the intention that they should interrupt the proceedings of the Court or if, knowing that there is a risk that his acts will interrupt the proceedings, he nevertheless goes on deliberately to do those acts: Bodden v Metropolitan Police Commissioner [1990] 2 WLR 76.


text:
The Shoreditch Area
Population Boom
Sites and Sights
Since the 17th Century
Dominic DeSouza Correa
Proofreader:
Kate LeBere
Geo-Coordinate Researcher:
Pedagogical Partner contribution
Home > Encyclopedia > Placeography > Neighbourhoods
Agas Map
Modern Map
List documents mentioning Shoreditch
Bell Alley
Broad Street Ward
Camomile Street (Lime Street Ward)
Catherine Wheel Alley
Charnel House and Chapel of St. Edmund the Bishop and Mary Magdalen
Clerk's Hall
Fisher's Folly
Half Moon Alley
Houndsditch Street
Leathersellers' Hall
Sewersditch
Shoreditch Street
St. Botolph without Bishopsgate
St. Ethelburga
St. Mary Spital
The Marriage of London Stone and the Boss of Billingsgate
List variant names and spellings
Scoreditch | Shoaredich | Shor-ditch | Shorditch | Shoredich | Shoreditch | Shorſdich | Soers Ditch | Soers ditch | Soerſditch | Soreditch | Soresditch
¶ The Shoreditch Area
Located just north of Moorfields and outside of the City Wall, Shoreditch was a suburban neighbourhood that grew considerably during a boom in London's population in the late 16th century. Few primary sources deal directly with the area of Shoreditch itself in this period. John Stow's Survey of London focuses on the more central areas and gives more attention even to Southwark across the Thames than to Shoreditch. But we can make some informed guesses about Shoreditch based on generalized contemporary accounts and secondary sources. Early maps can also provide some insights.
¶ What's in a Name?
Even the origins of the name Shoreditch are disputed. A favoured local myth is that it was named for Jane Shore, one time mistress of Edward IV, found dead in a ditch there. However, the name precedes Shore's death by some four hundred years. There has been dispute over whether it stems from the local gentry family of de Soerdich, a view that Walter Thornbury actively supports in Old and New London (Thornbury 2: 194). Sir James Bird, however, points out that de indicates an already established placename (Bird 1–5). Bird also disputes another common belief that the name derives from Norman seouer ( sewer ) plus the Saxon dich ( ditch ), since the words are synonymous, and the neighbouring Hoxton and Haggerston, both traditionally part of Shoreditch parish, have fully Saxon names (Bird 1–5). The location of fens nearby (Finsbury), however, does lend some credence to this theory. Bird traces the public record of the name Shoreditch as a regional parish ( Soerdig ) to 1138, before records become hopelessly murky (Bird 1–5).
¶ Population Boom
In the late 16th century, London experienced a massive expansion in population. Though statistics can only be estimated, it seems that from 1550 to 1600, London's population nearly tripled, increasing from around seventy thousand to approximately 200,000 (Boulton 316). As spare land inside the city walls was scarce, development pushed outside the walls, and Shoreditch and its surroundings were prime targets. In 1580, at the behest of London's Lord Mayor and Aldermen, who feared over-crowding and sickness, Queen Elizabeth issued a royal proclamation commanding all Persons Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents. (CH)[…] to desist and forbear from any new Buildings within three Miles from any of the Gates of the City: And to forbear from letting or setting, or suffering any more Families than one only, to be placed in any House (Strype 4: 34).
Stow notes the continual Building of small and base Tenements, for the most Part lately erected, lining the way from the former St. Mary Spital towards Shoreditch, as well as many small cottages below (Stow 2: 73). Further up from Holywell, Stow indicates yet more tenements lining the high street all the way to Shoreditch. Stow also notes the building of great houses for nobles and foreign gentlemen in the grounds of the former priory, as well as a great many summer houses in the neighbouring suburb of Moorfields (Stow 2: 77). In addition, numerous almshouses were founded by the various guilds and livery companies for their aging members.
Evidently the Queen's decree was largely ignored, as it was reissued in 1603. Another index of London's suburban growth was the increasing concern with tradespeople and shops outside of the city walls and thus outside the city's and its trade companies' jurisdictions. The charge was levelled that these tradespeople were insufficiently trained and produced bad commodities and false and insufficient wares (Strype 3: 32), though this is a common complaint in times of mass migration. Strype notes, however, that many of these claims were well founded.
¶ Daily Life
The above accounts depict a district beginning to teem with activity in a city that was becoming, in the words of Ben Jonson, stranger, and newer, and chang'd every hour (Jonson 1.1.102). Elegant properties nestled cheek by jowl with smaller houses and tenements and emerging businesses. The building of the Theatre in 1576, followed by the Curtain the next year, established Shoreditch as the premier entertainment district of London at that time. Neighbouring Finsbury Field, as Adams notes, had a long history of respectable leisure pursuits (it is doubtful that this respectability persisted, however, given the frequent outcry against the playhouses and the suburbs) (Adams 29-30). Though later eclipsed by Southwark, Shoreditch's reputation as the premier entertainment district seems reinforced by Stow's mention in his 1598 edition of both the Theatre and the Curtain, compared with his failure to remark on any of the Southwark playhouses, despite the Rose's existence there since 1587, the Swan's existence there since 1595, and the Theatre's reincarnation as the Globe in 1599.
Prostitution (historically associated with the theatre) became notorious in Shoreditch, having spread out to other suburbs following Henry VIII's outlawing in 1546 of its previously licensed practice in Southwark (Archer 211–213; Ditmore 255–258). Shoreditch was one of the preferred suburbs for brothels. Swiss traveller Thomas Platter notes great swarms of these women Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents. (CH)[…] in the taverns and playhouses there (Platter 175). It is thus highly likely that Shoreditch was one of the suburbs Thomas Nashe was referring to when he asked, London, what are thy suburbs but licenced stews? (NASH 80).
Drinking was also a particularly popular pursuit in early modern London. Platter remarks that he had never seen more taverns and alehouses Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents. (CH)[…] than in London (Platter 189). Shoreditch was no exception, boasting plenty of taverns and alehouses, which greatly proliferated during this period (Clark 41). Evidently players themselves were known to be a regular feature of the drinking and social culture; Thomas Platter's nearby hostel was visited by players almost daily (Platter 170). Of the great many inns, taverns, and beer-gardens, Platter remarks that much amusement may be had with drinking, fiddling and the rest (Platter 170). Platter also notes, to his surprise, that women commonly frequented these establishments, as well as the playhouses. These accounts depict a diverse, boisterous and vibrant social environment, of which Shoreditch was very much a part.
As one would expect with a strong drinking culture, there was a somewhat rowdy atmosphere. One particularly noteworthy event was the duel between Gabriel Spenser and Ben Jonson, in which Spenser was killed, in Hoxton fields in 1597. The event, though noteworthy, was hardly irregular and highlights the quarrelsome disposition of the time (Stopes 72). Only the year previously, Spenser had slain one James Feake in the house of a Shoreditch barber (Stopes 71–73).
An environment such as Shoreditch evidently drew its share of criticism and disapproval. Official complaints against the drinking culture and the general rowdiness of Shoreditch were frequent and lamented not only the great number of dissolute, loose, and insolent people harboured in such and the like noisome and disorderly houses, as namely poor cottages, and habitations of beggars and people without trade but al'sso the stables, inns, alehouses, taverns, garden-houses converted to dwellings, ordinaries, dicing houses, bowling alleys, and brothel houses (Schoenbaum 126).
¶ Sites and Sights
Besides the Curtain and the Theatre, one of the notable sites of Shoreditch was St. Leonard's Church. It occupied more or less the same spot as the current building, at the intersection of two Roman roads, Old Street and what is now Kingsland Road/Shoreditch Highstreet. The earliest traceable reference to the original church is some time in the 12th century, though it may have predated this (Bird 1–5). Due to structural instability, the church was rebuilt in the 18th century. The old church was notable primarily for housing the remains of many prominent members of the early modern theatre scene, including the Burbages (James, Richard, and Cuthbert), William Sly, Richard Tarlton, Gabriel Spenser, and Richard Cowley. The modern St. Leonard's contains a stone plaque celebrating this connection and is often referred to as the Actors' Church as a result (SHALT). The stone records that, even though the theatre scene became concentrated more in Bankside around the turn of the 17th century, Shoreditch retained strong ties to the community after the playhouses had moved. There are plans to excavate the old church site, which is believed to be in a slight depression to the side of the current church (Nicholl; Stummer).
Though outside the borders of Shoreditch, the nearby hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem in neighbouring Bishopsgate Ward was another important landmark of early modern London. Popularly known as Bedlam, this was the first hospital in Britain dedicated to the care and treatment of mental illness ( From Bethlehem to Bedlam ). Bedlam remained on the site until the middle of the 17th century
¶ Since the 17th Century
Urbanization of the Shoreditch area increased throughout the 17th century becasue of the many Huguenots fleeing the wars on the continent and settling in nearby Spitalfields. The area became synonymous with the textile industry that many of these immigrants brought with them. In the Victorian era, Shoreditch was still known as a rough suburb, largely populated by the working class and poor. It gained a macabre notoriety for the Ripper murders that occurred in the area. In more recent times, the suburb has been increasingly gentrified after being popular with the artists of the YBA scene, particularly Damien Hirst. It is now home to many tech start-up companies and has gained the nickname Silicon Roundabout. The neighbourhood still boasts a vibrant nightlife with a great many popular bars and clubs, as well as a burgeoning café and dining scene.
Shoreditch's early theatrical history has not been forgotten. While there is currently no local theatre scene, there were popular playhouses up until the early 20th century, and for a time the area rivalled the West End. There are plaques from the local council to display the former locations of both the Theatre and the Curtain, as well as one in Hoxton square to commemorate the duel between Spenser and Jonson. The Museum of London Archeology has carried out excavations at the sites of both former playhouses, and the Tower Hamlets Theatre Company has plans to build a theatre on the site of the Theatre, incorporating the features that the archaeologists have uncovered ( Publications ).
Adams, Joseph Quincy. Shakespearean Playhouses. Gloucester: Peter Smith, 1917. Remediated by Internet Archive.
This item is cited in the following documents:
Archer, Ian. The Pursuit of Stability: Social Relations in Elizabethan London. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. Print.
Bird, James, ed. Shoreditch. Vol. 8 of Survey of London. London: London County Council, 1922. Remediated by British History Online.
Boulton, Jeremy. London 1540–1700. The Cambridge Urban History of Britain. Ed. Peter Clark. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. Print.
Clark, Peter. The English Alehouse: A Social History 1200–1830. London and New York: Longman, 1983. Print.
Ditmore, Melissa Hope. Encyclopedia of Prostitution and Sex Work. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. Print.
Egan, Gabriel, ed. Shakespearean London Theatres. De Montfort U and Victoria & Albert Museum. http://shalt.dmu.ac.uk/.
Bell Inn (Gracechurch Street)
Bell Savage Inn
Black Bull Inn (Bishopsgate Street)
Cross Keys Inn (Gracechurch Street)
Gray's Inn
Lincoln's Inn
Middle Temple
Newington Butts
Salisbury Court Theatre
St. Giles (Cripplegate)
St. Paul's Theatre
The Boar's Head
The Fortune
The Hope
The Red Bull
The Red Lion
From Bethlehem to Bedlam - England's First Mental Institution. Historic England. https://historicengland.org.uk/research/inclusive-heritage/disability-history/1050-1485/from-bethlehem-to-bedlam/.
Jonson, Ben. The Devil is an Ass. Ed. Peter Happé. Manchester and New York: Manchester UP, 1996. Revels Plays. Print.
Nashe, Thomas Christ's Tears Over Jerusalem. Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford Shakespeare, 2002. http://www.oxford-shakespeare.com/Nashe/Christs_Tears_1.pdf.
Nicholl, Charles. The Shoreditch Years. The Guardian, 26 April 2008. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/apr/26/theatre.shakespeare.
Platter, Thomas. London. Thomas Platter's travels in England, 1599. Ed. Clare Williams. London: J. Cape, 1937. Print.
Publications. MoLA. http://www.mola.org.uk/research-community/publications.
Schoenbaum, S. William Shakespeare: A Compact Documentary Life. New York: Oxford UP, 1987. Print.
Stopes, C. C. Burbage and Shakespeare's Stage. London: Alexander Moring Ltd., 1913. Remediated by Internet Archive.
Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. Remediated by British History Online.
Bread Street Hill
Bridge Without Ward
Cokedon Hall
Cornhill Ward
Crossed Friars
Dowgate Ward
Jews' Cemetary
Leadenhall
Maypole Socket
Merchants of the Haunce of Almaine's Hall
Neville's House and Garden
Old Fish Street Hill
Queenhithe Ward
St. Audoen (Parish)
St. Mary de Barking
St. Michael (Cornhill)
St. Mildred (Poultry)
St. Nicholas (Parish)
St. Pulcher (Parish)
The Elms (Smithfield)
The King's Storehouse
Vintry Ward
Walbrook Ward
Strype, John, John Stow, Anthony Munday, and Humphrey Dyson. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster. Vol. 2. London, 1720. Remediated by The Making of the Modern World.
Stummer, Robin. Shakespeare's Church Found in Shoreditch. The Independent, 30 March 2008. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/shakespeares-church-found-in-shoreditch-802604.html.
Thornbury, Walter. Old and New London. 6 vols. London, 1878. Remediated by British History Online.
Strand Lane
DeSouza Correa, Dominic. Shoreditch. The Map of Early Modern London, edited by Janelle Jenstad, U of Victoria, 26 Jun. 2020, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/SHOR1.htm.
DeSouza Correa, Dominic. Shoreditch. The Map of Early Modern London. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed June 26, 2020. https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/SHOR1.htm.
DeSouza Correa, D. 2020. Shoreditch. In J. Jenstad (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London. Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/SHOR1.htm.
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Research Assistant, 2018-present. Chris Horne was an honours student in the Department of English at the University of Victoria. His primary research interests included American modernism, affect studies, cultural studies, and digital humanities.
Markup Encoder
Chris Horne is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Chris Horne is mentioned in the following documents:
Assistant Project Manager, 2019-present. Research Assistant, 2018-present. Kate LeBere completed an honours degree in History with a minor in English at the University of Victoria in 2020. While her primary research focus was sixteenth and seventeenth century England, she also developed a keen interest in Old English and Early Middle English translation.
Third Author
Hay's Wharf
Kate LeBere is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Kate LeBere is mentioned in the following documents:
Student contributor enrolled in English 783/Drama 727: Studies in English Renaissance Drama at the University of Auckland in Spring 2014, working under the guest editorship of Tom Bishop.
Dominic DeSouza Correa is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
University of Auckland English 783/Drama 727 July-November 2014 Students
Dominic DeSouza Correa is mentioned in the following documents:
Richard Burbage
Actor with the Lord Chamberlain's Men. Son of James Burbage.
Richard Burbage is mentioned in the following documents:
Cuthbert Burbage
(b. between 1564 and 1565, d. 1636)
Actor. Son of James Burbage. Brother of Richard Burbage.
Cuthbert Burbage is mentioned in the following documents:
James Burbage
Actor. Father of Cuthbert Burbage and Richard Burbage. Founder of the Theatre and Curtain.
James Burbage is mentioned in the following documents:
Richard Cowley
(b. in or before 9 October 1568, d. 12 March 1619)
Actor with the King's Men.
Richard Cowley is mentioned in the following documents:
Ben Jonson
Poet and playwright.
Ben Jonson is mentioned in the following documents:
Introduction to A Paean Trivmphall
TEI-encoded, diplomatic transcriptions of early modern dramatic extracts rich in London toponyms.
Trig Lane
Ben Jonson authored or edited the following items in MoEML's bibliography:
Chapman, George, Ben Jonson, and John Marston. Eastward Ho! Ed. R.W. Van Fossen. New York: Manchester UP, 1999. Print.
Dekker, Thomas, Stephen Harrison, Ben Jonson, and Thomas Middleton. The Whole Royal and Magnificent Entertainment of King James through the City of London, 15 March 1604, with the Arches of Triumph. Ed. R. Malcolm Smuts. Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works. Gen. ed. Gary Taylor and John Lavagnino. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. 219–79.
Gifford, William, ed. The Works of Ben Jonson. By Ben Jonson. Vol. 1. London: Nichol, 1816. Remediated by Internet Archive.
Jonson, Ben. The Alchemist. London: New Mermaids, 1991. Print.
Jonson, Ben. Bartholomew Fair. Ed. E.A. Horsman. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1979. Revels Plays. Print.
Jonson, Ben. Bartholomew Fair. Ed. Suzanne Gossett, based on The Revels Plays edition ed. E.A. Horsman. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2000. Revels Student Editions. Print.
Jonson, Ben. Bartholomew Fayre. London, 1614. STC 14753.5. EEBO.
Jonson, Ben. B. Ion: his part of King Iames his royall and magnificent entertainement through his honorable cittie of London, Thurseday the 15. of March. 1603 so much as was presented in the first and last of their triumphall arch's. London, 1604. STC 14756. EEBO.
Jonson, Ben. The Complete Poetry of Ben Jonson. Ed. William B. Hunter. Stuart Edtions. New York: New YorkUP, 1963.
Jonson, Ben. Epicene. Ed. Richard Dutton. Revels Plays. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2004. Print.
Jonson, Ben. Epicoene, or the silent woman. London, 1620. EEBO. Reprint. Subscr. STC 14763.
Jonson, Ben. Every Man Out of His Humour. Ed. Helen Ostovich. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2001. Print.
Jonson, Ben. The First, of Blacknesse, Personated at the Court, at White-hall, on the Twelfth Night, 1605. The Characters of Two Royall Masques: The One of Blacknesse, the Other of Beautie. Personated by the Most Magnificent of Queenes Anne Queene of Great Britaine, &c. with her Honorable Ladyes, 1605 and 1608 at White-hall. London : For Thomas Thorp, and are to be Sold at the Signe of the Tigers Head in Paules Church-yard, 1608. Sig. A3r-C2r. STC 14761. Reprint. EEBO. Web.
Jonson, Ben. Oberon, The Faery Prince. The Workes of Benjamin Jonson. Vol. 1. London: Will Stansby, 1616. Sig. 4N2r-2N6r. Reprint. EEBO. Web.
Jonson, Ben. On the Famous Voyage. The Works of Ben Jonson. 8 vols. London, 1875. 8:232–39.
Jonson, Ben. The Staple of Newes. The Works. Vol. 2. London: Printed by I.B. for Robert Allot, 1631. Sig. 2A1r-2J2v. Reprint. EEBO. Web.
Jonson, Ben. The Staple of News. Ed. Anthony Parr. Manchester; New York: Manchester UP, 1999. Revels Plays. Print.
Jonson, Ben. To Penshurst. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt, Carol T. Christ, Alfred David, Barbara K. Lewalski, Lawrence Lipking, George M. Logan, Deidre Shauna Lynch, Katharine Eisaman Maus, James Noggle, Jahan Ramazani, Catherine Robson, James Simpson, Jon Stallworthy, Jack Stillinger, and M. H. Abrams. 9th ed. Vol. B. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012. 1547.
Jonson, Ben. Underwood. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1905. Web.
Jonson, Ben. The vvorkes of Beniamin Ionson. Containing these playes, viz. 1 Bartholomew Fayre. 2 The staple of newes. 3 The Divell is an asse. London, 1641. EEBO. Reprint. Subscr. STC 14754.
Thomas Nashe
(bap. 1567, d. 1601)
Playwright and writer.
Thomas Nashe is mentioned in the following documents:
Thomas Nashe authored or edited the following items in MoEML's bibliography:
Nashe, Thomas. Pierce Penileſſe His Svpplication to the Diuell. London, 1592. STC 18373. Reprint. EEBO. Web. Subscr. EEBO.
Nashe, Thomas. The returne of the renowned Caualiero Pasquill of England from the other side the seas, and his meeting with Marforius at London vpon the Royall Exchange where they encounter with a little houshold talke of Martin and Martinisme, discouering the scabbe that is bredde in England, and conferring together about the speedie dispersing of the golden legende of the liues of saints. London, 1589. STC 19457.3. Reprint. Early English Books Online. Web.
Nashe, Thomas. A Wonderfull Strange and Miraculous Astrologicall Prognostication for this Yeere 1591. London: Thomas Scarlet, 1591. Reprint. EEBO. Web.
Gabriel Spenser
Actor. Killed in a duel by Ben Jonson. Buried at St. Leonard's.
Gabriel Spenser is mentioned in the following documents:
John Stow
Historian and author of A Survey of London. Husband of Elizabeth Stow.
MoEML
John Stow is mentioned in the following documents:
Barbican Manor
Barbican Tower
Bartholomew's Lane (West Smithfield)
Blossoms Inn
Boss Alley (Billingsgate)
Camera Dianæ
Crown Court (Warwick Lane)
Deep Ditch
Documents relating to John Stow, including digital editions of his texts, biographies, and other critical material.
Dowgate
Dowgate Street
Ebbegate
Encoding an Underground Text in the Underground
Grantam Lane
Grocers' Almshouses
Heneadge House
Holy Trinity (Parish) (Aldgate)
Huggin Lane (Upper Thames Street)
Individual sections in the digital editions of Stow's A Survey of London.
King's Alley
King's College Mansion
Love Lane (Coleman Street)
Manor of the Rose
Merchant Taylors' School
Mountjoy's Inn (Knightrider Street)
Priests' Chambers
Six Clerks' Office
St. Andrew Undershaft
St. Anthony's Hospital
St. George's Lane
St. Giles Vicarage (Cripplegate)
St. James Duke's Place
St. John the Baptist's Chapel of the Savoy
St. Olave (Silver Street)
St. Olave (Southwark)
Stinking Lane
Stoda de Winton
Stodum Bridge
Suffolk Lane
The Compter (Bread Street)
The Three Tuns
Winchester Field
John Stow authored or edited the following items in MoEML's bibliography:
Blome, Richard. Aldersgate Ward and St. Martins le Grand Liberty Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. M3r and sig. M4v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Aldgate Ward with its Division into Parishes. Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections & Additions. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H3r and sig. H4v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Billingsgate Ward and Bridge Ward Within with it's Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Y2r and sig. Y3v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Bishopsgate-street Ward. Taken from the Last Survey and Corrected. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. N1r and sig. N2v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Bread Street Ward and Cardwainter Ward with its Division into Parishes Taken from the Last Survey. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. B3r and sig. B4v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Broad Street Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections and Additions, & Cornhill Ward with its Divisions into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, &c. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. P2r and sig. P3v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Cheape Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections and Additions. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig.D1r and sig. D2v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Coleman Street Ward and Bashishaw Ward Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections and Additions. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. G2r and sig. G3v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Cow Cross being St Sepulchers Parish Without and the Charterhouse. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H2v and sig. H3r. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Creplegate Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Additions, and Corrections. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. I3r and sig. I4v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Farrington Ward Without, with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections & Amendments. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2F3r and sig. 2F4v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Lambeth and Christ Church Parish Southwark. Taken from ye last Survey with Corrections. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Z1r and sig. Z2r. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Langborne Ward with its Division into Parishes. Corrected from the Last Survey. & Candlewick Ward with its Division into Parishes. Corrected from the Last Survey. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. U3r and sig. U4v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. A Map of St. Gilles's Cripple Gate. Without. With Large Additions and Corrections. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H2v and sig. H3r. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. A Map of the Parish of St. Dunstans Stepney, als. Stebunheath Divided into Hamlets. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. F3r and sig. F4v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. A Map of the Parish of St Mary White Chappel and a Map of the Parish of St Katherines by the Tower. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. F2r and sig. F3v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. A Mapp of Lime Street Ward. Taken from ye Last Surveys & Corrected. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. M1r and sig. M2v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. A Mapp of St. Andrews Holborn Parish as well Within the Liberty as Without. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2I1r and sig. 2I2v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. A Mapp of the Parishes of St. Clements Danes, St. Mary Savoy; with the Rolls Liberty and Lincolns Inn, Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections and Additions. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig.O4v and sig. O1r. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. A Mapp of the Parish of St. Anns. Taken from the last Survey, with Correction, and Additions. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. L2v and sig. L3r. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. A Mapp of the Parish of St. Giles's in the Fields Taken from the Last Servey, with Corrections and Additions. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. K1v and sig. K2r. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. A Mapp of the Parish of St Margarets Westminster Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig.H3v and sig. H4r. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. A Mapp of the Parish of St Martins in the Fields Taken from ye Last Survey with Additions. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. I1v and sig. I2r. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. A Mapp of the Parish of St Pauls Covent Garden Taken from the Last Survey. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. L3v and sig. L4r. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. A Mapp of the Parish of St Saviours Southwark and St Georges taken from ye last Survey. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. D1r and sig.D2v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. The Parish of St. James Clerkenwell taken from ye last Survey with Corrections. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H3v and sig. H4r. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. The Parish of St. James's, Westminster Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. K4v and sig. L1r. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. The Parish of St Johns Wapping. The Parish of St Paul Shadwell. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. E2r and sig. E3v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Portsoken Ward being Part of the Parish of St. Buttolphs Aldgate, taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections and Additions. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. B1v and sig. B2r. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Queen Hith Ward and Vintry Ward with their Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2C4r and sig. 2D1v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Shoreditch Norton Folgate, and Crepplegate Without Taken from ye Last Survey with Corrections. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. G1r and sig. G2v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Spitt Fields and Plans Adjacent Taken from Last Survey with Locations. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. F4r and sig. G1v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. St. Olave and St. Mary Magdalens Bermondsey Southwark Taken from ye last Survey with Corrections. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. C2r and sig.C3v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Tower Street Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. E2r and sig. E3v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. Walbrook Ward and Dowgate Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Surveys. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2B3r and sig. 2B4v. [See more information about this map.]
Blome, Richard. The Wards of Farington Within and Baynards Castle with its Divisions into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Q2r and sig. Q3v. [See more information about this map.]
The City of London as in Q. Elizabeth's Time. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Frontispiece.
A Map of the Tower Liberty. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H4v and sig. I1r. [See more information about this map.]
A New Plan of the City of London, Westminster and Southwark. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Frontispiece.
Pearl, Valerie. Introduction. A Survey of London. By John Stow. Ed. H.B. Wheatley. London: Everyman's Library, 1987. v–xii. Print.
Pullen, John. A Map of the Parish of St Mary Rotherhith. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Z3r and sig. Z4r. [See more information about this map.]
Stow, John, Anthony Munday, and Henry Holland. THE SVRVAY of LONDON: Containing, The Originall, Antiquitie, Encrease, and more Moderne Estate of the sayd Famous Citie. As also, the Rule and Gouernment thereof (both Ecclesiasticall and Temporall) from time to time. With a briefe Relation of all the memorable Monuments, and other especiall Obseruations, both in and about the same CITIE. Written in the yeere 1598. by Iohn Stow, Citizen of London. Since then, continued, corrected and much enlarged, with many rare and worthy Notes, both of Venerable Antiquity, and later memorie; such, as were neuer published before this present yeere 1618. London: George Purslowe, 1618. STC 23344. Yale University Library copy Reprint. EEBO. Web.
Stow, John, Anthony Munday, and Humphrey Dyson. THE SURVEY OF LONDON: CONTAINING The Original, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of that City, Methodically set down. With a Memorial of those famouser Acts of Charity, which for publick and Pious Vses have been bestowed by many Worshipfull Citizens and Benefactors. As also all the Ancient and Modern Monuments erected in the Churches, not only of those two famous Cities, LONDON and WESTMINSTER, but (now newly added) Four miles compass. Begun first by the pains and industry of John Stow, in the year 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the year 1618. And now compleatly finished by the study &labour of A.M., H.D. and others, this present year 1633. Whereunto, besides many Additions (as appears by the Contents) are annexed divers Alphabetical Tables, especially two, The first, an index of Things. The second, a Concordance of Names. London: Printed for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345.5. Harvard University Library copy Reprint. Early English Books Online. Web.
Stow, John. The chronicles of England from Brute vnto this present yeare of Christ. 1580. Collected by Iohn Stow citizen of London. London, 1580. Rpt. EEBO. Web.
Stow, John. A Summarie of the Chronicles of England. Diligently Collected, Abridged, & Continued vnto this Present Yeere of Christ, 1598. London: Imprinted by Richard Bradocke, 1598. Rpt. EEBO. Web.
Stow, John. A suruay of London· Conteyning the originall, antiquity, increase, moderne estate, and description of that city, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow citizen of London. Since by the same author increased, with diuers rare notes of antiquity, and published in the yeare, 1603. Also an apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that citie, the greatnesse thereof. VVith an appendix, contayning in Latine Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. London: John Windet, 1603. STC 23343. U of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus) copy Reprint. Early English Books Online. Web.
Stow, John, The survey of London contayning the originall, increase, moderne estate, and government of that city, methodically set downe. With a memoriall of those famouser acts of charity, which for publicke and pious vses have beene bestowed by many worshipfull citizens and benefactors. As also all the ancient and moderne monuments erected in the churches, not onely of those two famous cities, London and Westminster, but (now newly added) foure miles compasse. Begunne first by the paines and industry of Iohn Stovv, in the yeere 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the yeere 1618. And now completely finished by the study and labour of A.M. H.D. and others, this present yeere 1633. Whereunto, besides many additions (as appeares by the contents) are annexed divers alphabeticall tables; especially two: the first, an index of things. The second, a concordance of names. London: Printed by Elizabeth Purslovv for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345. U of Victoria copy.
Stow, John, The survey of London contayning the originall, increase, moderne estate, and government of that city, methodically set downe. With a memoriall of those famouser acts of charity, which for publicke and pious vses have beene bestowed by many worshipfull citizens and benefactors. As also all the ancient and moderne monuments erected in the churches, not onely of those two famous cities, London and Westminster, but (now newly added) foure miles compasse. Begunne first by the paines and industry of Iohn Stovv, in the yeere 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the yeere 1618. And now completely finished by the study and labour of A.M. H.D. and others, this present yeere 1633. Whereunto, besides many additions (as appeares by the contents) are annexed divers alphabeticall tables; especially two: the first, an index of things. The second, a concordance of names. London: Printed by Elizabeth Purslovv [i.e., Purslow] for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345. British Library copy Reprint. EEBO. Web.
Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. Remediated by British History Online. [Kingsford edition, courtesy of The Centre for Metropolitan History. Articles written 2011 or later cite from this searchable transcription.]
Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ &nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. 23341. Transcribed by EEBO-TCP.
Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ &nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Folger Shakespeare Library.
Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ &nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. London: John Windet for John Wolfe, 1598. STC 23341. Huntington Library copy. Reprint. EEBO. Web.
Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Coteyning the Originall, Antiquity, Increaſe, Moderne eſtate, and deſcription of that City, written in the yeare 1598, by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Since by the ſame Author increaſed with diuers rare notes of Antiquity, and publiſhed in the yeare, 1603. Alſo an Apologie (or defence) againſt the opinion of ſome men, concerning that Citie, the greatneſſe thereof. With an Appendix, contayning in Latine Libellum de ſitu & nobilitae Londini: Writen by William Fitzſtephen, in the raigne of Henry the ſecond. London: John Windet, 1603. U of Victoria copy. Print.
Strype, John, John Stow. A SURVEY OF THE CITIES OF LONDON and WESTMINSTER, And the Borough of SOUTHWARK. CONTAINING The Original, Antiquity, Increase, present State and Government of those CITIES. Written at first in the Year 1698, By John Stow, Citizen and Native of London. Corrected, Improved, and very much Enlarged, in the Year 1720, By JOHN STRYPE, M.A. A NATIVE ALSO OF THE SAID CITY. The Survey and History brought down to the present Time BY CAREFUL HANDS. Illustrated with exact Maps of the City and Suburbs, and of all the Wards; and, likewise, of the Out-Parishes of London and Westminster, and the Country ten Miles round London. Together with many fair Draughts of the most Eminent Buildings. The Life of the Author, written by Mr. Strype, is prefixed; And, at the End is added, an APPENDIX Of certain Tracts, Discourses, and Remarks on the State of the City of London. 6th ed. 2 vols. London: Printed for W. Innys and J. Richardson, J. and P. Knapton, and S. Birt, R. Ware, T. and T. Longman, and seven others, 1754–55. ESTC T150145.
Strype, John, John Stow. A survey of the cities of London and Westminster: containing the original, antiquity, increase, modern estate and government of those cities. Written at first in the year MDXCVIII. By John Stow, citizen and native of London. Since reprinted and augmented by A.M. H.D. and other. Now lastly, corrected, improved, and very much enlarged: and the survey and history brought down from the year 1633, (being near fourscore years since it was last printed) to the present time; by John Strype, M.A. a native also of the said city. Illustrated with exact maps of the city and suburbs, and of all the wards; and likewise of the out-parishes of London and Westminster: together with many other fair draughts of the more eminent and publick edifices and monuments. In six books. To which is prefixed, the life of the author, writ by the editor. At the end is added, an appendiz of certain tracts, discourses and remarks, concerning the state of the city of London. Together with a perambulation, or circuit-walk four or five miles round about London, to the parish churches: describing the monuments of the dead there interred: with other antiquities observable in those places. And concluding with a second appendix, as a supply and review: and a large index of the whole work. 2 vols. London : Printed for A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. ESTC T48975.
The Tower and St. Catherins Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H4v and sig. I1r. [See more information about this map.]
Wheatley, Henry Benjamin. Introduction. A Survey of London. 1603. By John Stow. London: J.M. Dent and Sons, 1912. Print.
Jane Shore Elizabeth Lambert
Mistress of King Edward IV.
Jane Shore is mentioned in the following documents:
James Feake
Murdered by Gabriel Spenser.
James Feake is mentioned in the following documents:
William Sly
Actor. Buried at St. Leonard's.
William Sly is mentioned in the following documents:
Richard Tarlton
Richard Tarlton is mentioned in the following documents:
Thomas Platter the Younger
Swiss physician, traveller, and diarist.
Thomas Platter the Younger is mentioned in the following documents:
A low-lying marshy area just northeast of Moorgate and on the way to the Curtain, Moorfields was home to a surprising range of activities and accompanying cultural associations in early modern London. Beggars and the mentally ill patients of neighbouring Bethlehem Hospital often frequented the area. Some used the public space to bleach and dry linen, and the Honorable Artillery Company also used it as an official training ground. Moorfields was even a popular suburban destination for ice skating when its water froze during the winter. Moorfields was generally full of noysome waters (Stow 2: 77) until 1605–1607, when it was successfully drained, levelled, and beautified with tree-lined pedestrian pathways. At this point, it transformed into a fashionable place for the genteel to see and to be seen. The history of Moorfields provides insight into social, political, environmental, and medical issues in early modern London.
Moorfields is mentioned in the following documents:
Gazetteer (M)
Originally built as a Roman fortification for the provincial city of Londinium in the second century C.E., the London Wall remained a material and spatial boundary for the city throughout the early modern period. Described by Stow as high and great (Stow 1: 8), the London Wall dominated the cityscape and spatial imaginations of Londoners for centuries. Increasingly, the eighteen-foot high wall created a pressurized constraint on the growing city; the various gates functioned as relief valves where development spilled out to occupy spaces outside the wall.
The Wall is mentioned in the following documents:
Ball Alley
Bevis Marks (Street)
Conduit (London Wall)
Crutched Friars
Gazetteer (R)
London Wall (street)
Old Bailey
St. Augustine Papey
The Half Moon
The Wrestlers (Lime Street Ward)
For information about the The Theatre, a modern map marking the site where the it once stood, and a walking tour that will take you to the site, visit the Shakespearean London Theatres (ShaLT) article on The Theatre.
The Theatre is mentioned in the following documents:
Curtain Road
Curtain Road is mentioned in the following documents:
St. Leonard's church—also known as The Actors' church —is the burial place of many prominent early modern actors. The Burbages (James Burbage and his sons Richard Burbage and Cuthbert Burbage), Richard Cowley, William Sly, and many others are buried there (ShaLT).
St. Leonard is mentioned in the following documents:
Southwark is mentioned in the following documents:
Maiden Lane (Southwark)
St. George Fields
Thomas Middleton (playwright)
The Thames is mentioned in the following documents:
Crown Key
Puddle Wharf
Ratten Lane
Sabbis Key
Stockfishmonger Row
The Cold Tearme
The Great Boobee
Timberhithe Street
Transcription of Poem on the Agas Map
Whitefriars Stairs
Hoxton
Hoxton is mentioned in the following documents:
Finsbury Field is located in northen London outside the London Wall. Note that MoEML correctly locates Finsbury Field, which the label on the Agas map confuses with Mallow Field (Prockter 40). Located nearby is Finsbury Court. Finsbury Field is outside of the city wards within the borough of Islington (Mills 81).
Finsbury Field is mentioned in the following documents:
St. Mary Spital was an Augustinian Priory and Hospital on the east side of Bishopsgate Street. The Priory dates from 1197. The old precinct of St. Mary Spital is visible on the Agas map. The church itself was demolished after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539. By the time the Agas map was drawn, many of the priory buildings had been removed and the area appears sparse.
St. Mary Spital is mentioned in the following documents:
Holywell Street is mentioned in the following documents:
Adwych Lane
In 1577, the Curtain, a second purpose-built London playhouse arose in Shoreditch, just north of the City of London. The Curtain, a polygonal amphitheatre, became a major venue for theatrical and other entertainments until at least 1622 and perhaps as late as 1698. Most major playing companies, including the Lord Chamberlain's Men, the Queen's Men, and Prince Charles's Men, played there. It is the likely site for the premiere of Shakespeare's plays Romeo and Juliet and Henry V.
The Curtain is mentioned in the following documents:
Built in 1587 by theatre financier Philip Henslowe, the Rose was Bankside's first open-air amphitheatre playhouse (Egan). Its foundation, excavated in 1989, reveals a fourteen-sided structure about 22 metres in diameter, making it smaller than other contemporary playhouses (White 302). Relatively free of civic interference and surrounded by pleasure-seeking crowds, the Rose did very well, staging works by such playwrights as Shakespeare, Marlowe, Kyd, and Dekker (Egan).
The Rose is mentioned in the following documents:
The Swan was the second of the Bankside theatres. It was located at Paris Garden. It was in use from 1595 and possibly staged some of the plays of William Shakespeare (SHaLT).
The Swan is mentioned in the following documents:
For information about the Globe, a modern map marking the site where the it once stood, and a walking tour that will take you to the site, visit the Shakespearean London Theatres (ShaLT) article on the Globe.
The Globe is mentioned in the following documents:
Bankside
Old Street is mentioned in the following documents:
Shoreditch Street, also called Sewersditch, was a continuation of Bishopsgate Street, passing northward from Norton Folgate to the small town of Shoreditch, a suburb of London in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, for which the road was likely named. Shoreditch first appears in manuscripts in 1148 as Scoreditch, meaning ditch of Sceorf [or Scorre] (Weinreb and Hibbert 807).
Shoreditch Street is mentioned in the following documents:
Bankside ran along the south bank of the Thames from Winchester house to the place where Blackfriars Bridge would later be built. Described by Weinreb as redolent of squalor and vice, the name Bankside became associated with the district consisting mainly of brothels, bear baiting arenas, and warehouses within the street's proximity (Weinreb 39).
Bankside is mentioned in the following documents:
Although its name evokes the pandemonium of the archetypal madhouse, Bethlehem (Bethlem, Bedlam) Hospital was not always an asylum. As Stow tells us, Saint Mary of Bethlehem began as a Priorie of Cannons with brethren and sisters, founded in 1247 by Simon Fitzmary, one of the Sheriffes of London (Stow 1: 164). We know from Stow's Survey that the hospital, part of Bishopsgate ward (without), resided on the west side of Bishopsgate Street, just north of St. Botolph's church (Stow 1: 165).
Bethlehem Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
Bishopsgate Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
Spitalfields was a large area of open fields east of Bishopsgate Street and a good distance north of Aldgate and Houndsditch. Spitalfields, also recorded as Spittlefields and Lollesworth, is unmistakable on the Agas map. The large expanse of fields is clearly marked The Spitel Fyeld. There have been many relics unearthed during archeological excavations in Spitalfields.
Spitalfields is mentioned in the following documents:
Documents using the spelling Scoreditch
Documents using the spelling Shoaredich
Documents using the spelling Shor-ditch
Documents using the spelling Shorditch
Documents using the spelling Shoredich
Documents using the spelling Shoreditch
Documents using the spelling Shorſdich
Documents using the spelling Soers Ditch
Documents using the spelling Soerſditch
Documents using the spelling Soreditch
Documents using the spelling Soresditch


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Did you know that your child could attend St. Bruno Parish School through the Wisconsin Parental Choice Program?
The Wisconsin Parental Choice Program (WPCP) allows students who reside in a Wisconsin school district, other than the Milwaukee or Racine Unified School District, to attend any participating private school if certain eligibility criteria are met. The private school, on behalf of the pupil's parent or guardian, receives a state aid payment for each eligible student.
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