text:
Relationship between anxiety, depression, and morbidity in adult asthma patients
L D Rimingtona,
D H Daviesb,
D Lowea,
M G Pearsona
aAintree Chest Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK, bDivision of Biological Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
L D Rimington, School of Health Care Professions, University of Salford, Frederick Road Campus, Salford M6 6PU, UKL.Rimington{at}salford.ac.uk
BACKGROUND Symptoms of disease reported by patients reflect the effects of the disease process within the individual and the person's physical and mental ability to tolerate or otherwise cope with the limitations on their functioning. This study examines the relationship between asthma symptoms, disease severity, and psychological status in patients being managed in routine primary healthcare settings.
METHODS One hundred and fourteen subjects from four GP practices, two inner city and two suburban, were studied. Symptoms were assessed by means of the Asthma Quality of Life questionnaire (AQLQ) and a locally devised Q score, and psychological status with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Spirometric values and details of current asthma treatment (BTS asthma guidelines treatment step) were recorded as markers of asthma severity.
RESULTS Symptoms as measured by AQLQ correlated with peak expiratory flow (r S = 0.40) and with BTS guidelines treatment step (r S = 0.25). Similarly, the Q score correlated with peak expiratory flow (r S = 0.44) and with BTS guidelines treatment step (r S = 0.42). Similar levels of correlation of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) with symptoms were reported. HAD anxiety and depression scores also correlated to a similar extent with these two symptom scores, but there was hardly any correlation with lung function. Logistic regression analysis showed that HAD scores help to explain symptom scores over and above the effects of lung function and BTS guidelines treatment step. Symptoms, depression, and anxiety were higher for inner city patients while little difference was observed in objective measures of asthma.
CONCLUSIONS Asthma guidelines suggest that changing levels of symptoms should be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. These data suggest that reported symptoms may be misleading and unreliable because they may reflect non-asthma factors that cannot be expected to respond to changes in asthma treatment.
Asthma remains one of the most frequently reported chronic respiratory disorders, although if managed effectively most patients can be helped to function normally. The guidelines for the management of asthma1 indicate that the prime aim is to restore optimal lung function and to abolish or minimise symptoms, while using the minimum medication. This implies objective measurement of lung function (usually peak expiratory flow (PEF)) and the need to record symptoms as reported by the patient.
It is well documented that psychological and respiratory symptoms can be interrelated. Healthy subjects are more likely to report respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, wheeze and dyspnoea) if they have an abnormal psychological status (anxiety, depression, anger or cognitive disturbances).2 Subjects from the European Commission's respiratory health survey also demonstrated the association between respiratory symptoms and psychological status, although asthma patients were no more anxious or depressed than any other subject with respiratory symptoms.3 The same relationship was observed between psychological status and morbidity in patients with severe asthma (BTS guidelines treatment steps 4 and 5).4 Bosley and colleagues noted the need to account for such associations when constructing plans for the management of patients with asthma.5 We chose to use the BTS guidelines treatment step as an objective marker of asthma severity based on prescribed medication as opposed to the more subjective classification of mild/moderate/severe asthma.
Many studies of asthma are performed in secondary care as part of specific study protocols with tight inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both the attendance at a secondary care institution and the inclusion/exclusion criteria mean that such patients are not typical of the general population. We wished to study a group of asthma patients as close to their homes as possible with as little intrusion as possible and thus to determine how the routine management of these patients in differing primary healthcare settings related to asthma symptom levels (cough, wheeze, night waking, and dyspnoea) and anxiety or depression. The morbidity and mortality of many diseases can be linked to poverty and social deprivation, and poor socioeconomic status may contribute to the aetiology and subsequent management of asthma. We therefore recruited our subjects from two differing primary healthcare settings—inner city and suburban.
SUBJECT SELECTION AND RECRUITMENT
GP practices were asked to supply a computerised list of all patients on their asthma register (age range 16–60). Every eighth patient on the asthma register who had received asthma treatment in the previous 6 months was selected for telephone contact. Before telephoning we used practice records to exclude those with bronchiectasis or other pulmonary or cardiac disease, substance abusers, and patients with mental illness. If the selected person was ruled out or if, on telephoning, he/she reported a smoking history of more than 20 pack years, refused to take part, or was unavailable, the next on the list was contacted. We hoped to recruit 40 subjects from each of four GP practices.
After obtaining informed consent, 114 patients were recruited to the study which had local ethical committee approval. Almost half of the cohort contacted and invited to participate declined, were ineligible because of their smoking habit, or were unable to attend due to work (shift workers, working away from home, unable to attend GP practice in working hours) or family commitments (children or carers). All patients were studied at a time when they were clinically stable.
Patients were assessed at their own GP practice or, if unable to attend at a convenient time, were seen in their own homes. Assessment tools were used in a random order but all at the same sitting. These consisted of the Juniper Asthma Quality of Life questionnaire (AQLQ)6 and the locally devised Q score7 as measures of health status in asthma, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale8 to assess psychological status. The HAD scale is a 14 point self-assessment scale used for screening for clinically significant anxiety or depression and is a reflection of the patients' feelings at that particular intervention. It consists of seven questions relating to anxiety and seven to depression. Participating subjects are asked to underline their option response for each question. The scores can be totalled to give a depression score and an anxiety score (range 0–21). A value on the HAD score of 7 or less was taken as normal, 8–10 as indicating possible abnormality, and values of 11 or more as being abnormal.8
The Q score is a short patient focused morbidity index consisting of four questions (table 1). Subjects are asked to reflect upon the questions in relation to the past week and have to circle one of the three options. With the Q score a low total score indicates greater control of asthma symptoms. The reverse occurs in the AQLQ scoring system. A low AQLQ score would indicate more symptoms of asthma and thus poorer control. However, it should be noted that the Q score reflects symptoms in the past week while the AQLQ has a 2 week reflective period.
Q score questions
Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were recorded using a Micro Medical portable spirometer. The best values from three acceptable attempts were recorded and compared with the European standard reference set.9
Demographic details, smoking habits, and recent and continuing prescriptions for asthma medication were recorded from the patient and confirmed by the GP records and computerised prescribing records of the practice. If a discrepancy occurred, data recorded were taken from computerised records. The drugs prescribed currently were used to classify patients into one of the five treatment steps in the asthma guidelines.
Data were analysed using SPSS version 10. Spearman rank order correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationship between anxiety, depression, and symptom score (AQLQ and Q score), spirometric values, and treatment step. Differences between the inner city and suburban subgroups were explored by unpaired Mann-Whitney tests or by Fisher's exact test. Statistical significance was set at the 5% level. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the influence of HAD scores on symptoms reported after controlling for lung function and BTS treatment levels (1, 2, 3, 4–5, as a marker of perceived severity) as independent predictors. Symptom scores were converted into binary dependent variables. The Q score was split into scores of ⩽4 and >4. The AQLQ symptom score was split according to the overall median score of 4.9.
Baseline data from the 114 patients are summarised in table2 according to whether they lived in socially deprived inner city areas (two practices, n=74) or in more affluent city suburbs (two practices, n=40). Thirty subjects were recruited from 229 patients on the asthma register aged 16–60 in practice 1, 45 were recruited from 285 patients in practice 2, 20 were recruited from 203 in practice 3, and 19 were recruited from 189 in practice 4. Practices 1 and 2 were in inner city areas. Patients from the two areas were of similar age, sex, and had similar lung function, but those living in the inner city were significantly more depressed (median 5.0v 3.0, Mann-Whitney test, p<0.001) and more anxious (9.0 v 6.0, p<0.001). Overall, 34 (30%) patients had anxiety scores of 11 or more, suggestive of a clinical anxiety state; for inner city patients this rate was 40% (29/74) while for suburban patients it was 13% (5/40). Overall, 11 patients (10%) had scores suggesting depression; 15% (11/74) for inner city patients and 0% (0/40) for suburban patients.
Baseline data by area of residence
There was a trend towards more symptoms in the inner city patients (table 2; AQLQ total score p=0.006, AQLQ symptom score p=0.02, Q score p=0.18, Mann-Whitney test). Overall, for both the AQLQ symptom and total scores the median was 4.9 along the scale, indicating a moderate degree of symptoms relating to asthma. Twenty one of 74 inner city patients (28%) had a total AQLQ score of <4 compared with five of 40 suburban patients (13%). Similarly, 26 of 74 inner city patients (35%) and five of 40 suburban patients (13%) had AQLQ symptom scores of <4. Overall, the median value for the Q score was 2.0, with scores of <4 indicating good control of asthma symptoms. Twenty eight of 74 inner city patients (38%) and eight of 40 suburban patients (20%) scored ⩾4. Treatment levels were similar in the two areas (p=0.85, Mann-Whitney). About 30% (34/114) of the cohort were receiving treatment using higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids and/or other treatments (at BTS guidelines treatment steps 3–5). A further 52% (59/114) were on low dose inhaled steroids (BTS guidelines treatment step 2) and 18% (21/114) were receiving inhaled bronchodilators only. More inner city subjects continued to smoke (p=0.002, Fisher's exact test).
Symptoms, depression, and anxiety were higher for inner city patients after making allowance for the treatment step (fig 1).
Symptoms and depression by treatment step and area of residence. The figures show mean scores and 95% confidence intervals for the means.
Lung function, as measured by PEF, correlated positively with the AQLQ symptom score (r S = 0.40, p<0.001) and negatively with the Q score (r S = –0.44, p<0.001). Similarly, FEV1 correlated positively with the AQLQ symptom score (r S = 0.35, p<0.001) and negatively with the Q score (r S= –0.42, p<0.001). BTS guidelines treatment step also correlated with the AQLQ symptom score (r S = 0.248, p = 0.001) and with the Q score (r S = –0.415, p<0.001). Worse lung function and higher levels of treatment were thus associated with more symptoms.
HAD depression scores correlated with the AQLQ symptom score (r S = –0.43, p<0.001) and Q score (r S = 0.37, p<0.001) but more weakly with levels of PEF (r S = –0.16, p = 0.10) and FEV1 (r S = –0.14, p = 0.14). To a lesser extent, HAD anxiety scores correlated with the AQLQ symptom score (r S = –0.35, p<0.001) and Q score (r S = 0.24, p = 0.01) but not with PEF levels (r S = –0.10, p = 0.33) or FEV1 (r S = –0.01, p = 0.92).
Binary logistic regression analysis was done to determine the influence of HAD scores on symptoms reported, after controlling for lung function and treatment levels (proxy for severity) as independent predictors. Symptoms were measured by the Q score (⩽4 or >4) and by the AQLQ (⩽ median of 4.9, > median). In essence, whichever method of measuring symptoms was used, after controlling for lung function and severity both anxiety and depression added significantly to the predictiveness of the model. Table 3 shows summary statistics to illustrate the association between HAD depression and symptoms after adjustment for PEF and asthma severity. Similar trends were seen for FEV1 in place of PEF and for anxiety in place of depression (data not shown).
Summary statistics for symptoms (Q score and AQLQ) by PEF, BTS guidelines treatment step, and HAD depression
Any survey of this type is highly dependent on the population selected for study. We wished to study patients with symptomatic asthma but we also wanted them to be representative of a primary care real life situation. Thus, although we insisted that they had been receiving treatment in the preceding 6 months—that is, they were symptomatic—we did not set any reversibility or other objective criteria. We accepted the GP diagnosis of asthma unless there was clear evidence in the notes that they had other lung or cardiac conditions. We did try to limit the inclusion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by setting the upper age limit for inclusion into the study at 60 years and by excluding all subjects with a history of more than 20 pack years of smoking. This population should therefore be a relatively pure asthma group and typical of the asthma problem as perceived by primary care. Those who declined to attend included a younger group of whom more were working. They might be expected to have fewer symptoms and less anxiety and depression. Our findings may not extrapolate to them. The interrelationships between symptoms, lung function, and depression within our group are nonetheless important for the assessment of asthma among those who are more likely to be seeking attention from the GP.
The relationship of both worsening symptoms and lowered lung function with increasing treatment step provides some validity to our population and is in keeping with other work.10 11 Although we only studied patients when they were clinically stable, the significant morbidity, especially among those on higher levels of treatment, is in line with the data reported by Horn and colleagues in patients attending a hospital clinic.11 Our patients had a mean FEV1 of just under 75% predicted, which suggests either a level of chronic irreversible change or a degree of chronic acceptance of symptoms resulting in the patient "choosing" not to take all treatments regularly. We have no measure as to whether treatments were or were not being taken appropriately but, while poor compliance is well recognised,12 Connolly et al have shown that the best lung function obtainable is lower at each increased treatment step, suggesting that these patients may have some permanent damage.
Lung function, whether measured by FEV1 or PEF, correlated with increasing symptoms of asthma but the relationships were relatively weak which suggests that factors other than lung function may play a part in determining a patient's symptoms. The variability of lung function rather than the absolute level of function is a possible additional factor and we did attempt to record PEF charts on all subjects before collecting baseline data. However, the number of returned charts that contained reliable data were too few to permit reliable conclusions and the data have not been reported. PEF was therefore recorded at baseline along with spirometric parameters.
We used two methods of recording symptoms. The AQLQ outcome measure is known to reflect morbidity of asthma in a reliable fashion and to be susceptible to change,13 but with 32 questions it is too time consuming for routine consultations in a busy general practice. The Q score was developed by local GPs, nurses, and physicians as a four question tool that used questions about symptoms in the past week which would normally be asked in every consultation and which therefore required no extra time from clinician or patient. The reliability of the Q score was assessed by test-retest reliability. Following the collection of baseline data a random subset of patients was selected (every alternate patient) and sent a second copy of the Q score some 2 weeks following the initial contact. Thirty nine of 74 subjects returned their questionnaires. The Q score correlated with itself at 2 weeks at 0.611. In 10 of the 39 repeat cases (25%) the Q score was exactly the same as that first reported. In 21 cases (54%) it agreed with to within one unit and in 32 (82%) it agreed to within two units. The AQLQ score runs from 1 to 7 and correlation was 0.67 with 67% (26/39) agreement to within one unit and 92% to within two units. Allowing for the variable nature of asthma, the Q score would appear to be almost as reliable as the AQLQ score. Its simplicity means that it would not be expected to be as sensitive a tool as the AQLQ, but it is reassuring to note that it does correlate with the AQLQ and shows the same relationship to lung function. Our Q score is very similar to the three question score that emerged from a Royal College of Physicians project,7 with the addition of a question about recent inhaler usage. Although there is no doubt that the more detailed AQLQ will be more reliable in individual patients, it is reassuring that in a cohort such as this the simpler measure yields a similar result and thus may be of value in assessing the outcome of a practice's care.
The BTS asthma guidelines suggest that at steps 1–3 the aim should be minimal or no symptoms and minimal or no need for rescue bronchodilators with normal activity levels. At steps 4 and 5 the aim is to achieve least possible symptoms while balancing for least possible adverse effects. Many studies have emphasised the undertreatment of asthma as a contributing factor in asthma deaths14 15 and, following such studies, it has been argued that some asthma patients are poor perceivers of symptoms and thus at greater risk. The argument is that poor perception of symptoms leads to a failure to recognise the need for treatment and thus undertreatment and an increased risk of death.16 The East Anglian confidential deaths study showed that many asthma deaths are associated with psychosocial problems (including depression) in the patient or relatives. Whether poor perception and low symptom reporting or depression and high symptom reporting (as in our data) are more important cannot be answered from our study. However, it is clear that the link between asthma severity, function of the airways, and a patient's psyche is probably more complex than traditional teaching would have us believe.
In our cohort of asthma patients depression, as measured by the HAD scale, was the best predictor of symptom levels. There is a weaker association between high anxiety and more symptoms. This has important implications if reported symptoms are to be used as indicators of disease control.
Our study was observational and cross-sectional and thus cannot sort out whether the observed association is causal or not. In a Canadian study2 which observed a similar association it was postulated that depression or anxiety might cause asthma. This seems an improbable mechanism for what is usually thought to be an immunological disease. However, asthmatic patients have been shown to have increased levels of psychological symptoms17 and there are links between an anxiety state and an increased resting respiration rate in relation to hyperventilation states.18
Janson et al 3 performed a similar study but did not find an association between anxiety and depression and respiratory health. The study also used the HAD scale but included far fewer patients with clinical levels of anxiety or depression (6% and 1%, respectively, compared with 30% and 9% in our study). The higher levels of both psychological problems in the present study may be reflected by inner city problems of deprivation19 and, indeed, depression levels were highest in the more socially deprived practices in the inner city. The relationship between depression and treatment step and overall symptom levels was present in both subgroups.
Our random selection of subjects from primary care included mostly mild to moderate asthmatics and should be typical of the population being seen regularly in most GP practices in the UK. If our findings are correct, the implication is that a proportion of patients with mild depression in primary care may be being overtreated because drugs are being increased in response to reported symptoms that are not caused by asthma alone. Such patients would presumably therefore not gain benefit from the increased prescription and this may be another factor leading to poor compliance. In a study that looked at patients recruited to a clinical trial who were asked to reduce their prophylactic medication progressively until symptom breakthrough occurred, nearly three quarters were able to reduce their doses effectively which suggests that many patients were being overtreated.20
Our findings suggest that the relationship between respiratory symptoms and the state of an individual's asthma is complex and involves many non-asthma related factors. There has been a move towards more objective monitoring of asthma using serial PEF but, in many patients, such data are not available at the consultation and the doctor makes a treatment recommendation based on symptoms alone. Our data show that the increased reporting of asthma symptoms in our inner city patients might be due to the stresses and strains of the life style rather than a true increase in asthma morbidity. This makes it even harder for the physician to assess asthma based on symptoms alone.
This relationship between psychological manifestation and respiratory symptoms is certainly an interesting point to consider in the current debate on the management of asthma. Much information available to patients with asthma—for example, National Asthma Campaign information is freely available. While asthma remains high in the interest of the media, is this reflected in an increased awareness by patients of their symptoms and thus in an increase in their associated psychological status, or in our current study are we simply seeing patients on a higher treatment step of the BTS guidelines (steps 3–5) who are depressed because of long term illness?4
Quality of life measurements are increasingly being accepted as a useful tool for monitoring asthma symptoms and any change in specific symptoms over time.21 22 Indeed, patients with chronic asthma spend their life time coping with the symptoms of their disease and a reduction in these symptoms may lead to a perceived improvement in physical, emotional, and social areas of daily life.23Symptom reduction may therefore be more important than monitoring spirometric parameters, and many patients freely admit that they do not regularly monitor their PEF. We would not wish to deflect physicians from trying to reduce symptoms but would suggest that, if the symptoms of some patients are not the result of asthma, the answer may not lie in stepping up asthma medication but in considering other possible causes.
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...but Assisted by a Host of Others!
It often begins with a gathering of fragments. For many years my aunt and godmother Kathleen M. Duntemann has been sending me scraps of paper containing lists of relatives, mostly but not entirely deceased. I've tried to remember that I have an Uncle Henry and an Uncle George and an Uncle Albert (technically great-great uncles, siblings of my great-grandfather Frank) but I always seem to forget Uncle William—or did they call him Bill? And who was Aunt Ella again? And somewhere there was a guy named Roland Dunteman—I was asked once by a LaSalle Street laywer (whose copier I had come to repair) whether I was, as he put it, "Roland's boy." Then there was Alta Eckhoff Blakely, a mysterious woman who sent a lot of Dunteman(n)s mimeographed letters in 1975, basically asking us who we were, and hinting that she had traced the Duntemann line back through time to the 1500s, when the Duntemanns were millers in the small German village of Verliehausen.
I kept it all in a file folder full of scraps, added to here and there through contributions by my father's cousin John Phil Duntemann and a man I didn't know named Joe Masonick, whose letter was originally sent to John Phil and from there on to Aunt Kathleen, who then sent it to me. And another one of my father's cousins, Betty Jane Duntemann St. Germain, gave me some amazing photos of the Duntemann line back to my great-great grandfather Heinrich. Finally, of course, were the Dunteman(n) names in the phone book—did they somehow connect to me?
There simply comes a day when the scraps hit critical mass. As a simple matter of organization, I said, What the heck, and sat down and typed in a family tree. By that time there were quite a few names, and not just Dunteman(n)s but Butenschoens and Dohes and McGuires and many others. I sent it to my sister and my aunt and my father's cousins and scratched my head over what to do next. But what made the project catch fire was the enthusiastic response of Mary Ellen Duntemann McGuire, who without any formal agreement but simply the bond of shared enthisiasm became my partner in a venture that will never truthfully be finished. For as long as any descendent of the Dunteman(n) line remains unknown, we will have work to do.
In October of 1997, I went to visit Mary Ellen, whom I had not seen since 1982, when I had been a whole lot younger and considerably less bald. When I rang the bell and she opened her door, she greeted me by saying, "My God, Jeff, you look just like your dad! When I looked out the window I thought it was your dad standing there!" And in a mysterious way, well, it was—for I carry him with me, in my memories and in every cell, in my strong hands and my insatiable curiosity, in my grin and my faith and the very lines of my face. So I dedicate my portion of this project to Frank W. Duntemann, Engineer (1922-1978) who once said, When you build 'em right, they fly!
The history of a family is just that: The names, the dates, the stories that bind a people together. We're trying to identify as many people as we can who descend from those carrying the Dunteman(n) name. We're looking back in time to find the earliest Duntemanns we can, and from them work forward to as many people as are their descendents. I'm building a CD-ROM structure on a Zip cartridge, containing the family tree and the photos and the stories, and some day, when we have something we think people would enjoy exploring, we'll start making CD-ROMs containing the structure and sending them to anyone in the family who would like one.
This has never been done before. We've already collected more information on the Dunteman(n) line than we believe anyone else has ever done. Mary Ellen and I would like to eventually call a family reunion, back to DuPage County, Illinois, where our clan of the Dunteman(n) family first settled after leaving Germany.
I write Dunteman(n) because the name has more than one spelling. In Germany it was originally and remains Duntemann, with two final n's. Most who came to America dropped the second n for simplicity's sake, or perhaps (as someone suggested) to appear slightly less German. Furthermore, several families in the Bureau County clan (more on clans below) began spelling the name Dunterman in the last part of the 1800s. We're not sure why, exactly—perhaps they felt it captured a little bit of the German accent.
In this document, for simplicity's sake, I'm going to use the original form when discussing the family as a whole, and the other spellings only when discussing individual people or branches of the family where that spelling predominates. This isn't entirely because I'm a "two-n" Duntemann myself, but simply because it was the original spelling, and in looking back through time it's something that all of us can claim.
What, however, does it mean? Nobody really knows. The name truly does go back to the 1500s, and almost certainly a good way beyond that, at least to the era when the German peasants were required to take surnames. Some have suggested that it is a corruption of Dunkelmann, which in German means, "dark man," but as there are no Dunkelmanns to be found, even in Germany, this is unlikely. Paul Dunteman of Phoenix heard that there is a Dunte river in Germany, which could have been adopted as a surname by those who lived along its banks. This could be—though try as they might, two of my German friends have been unable to find any least trace of a Dunte river anywhere in Europe. Still another story tells of a Swedish woman named Dunna, who married a German who (perhaps because of Dunna's beauty, or cunning, or inner fire) became known as Dunna's man, and passed the name to his descendents. Yet another theory holds that the original Duntemann was an emigrant from Dunte, a city in Latvia. I'm trying to locate some indication that the Latvian town of Dunte existed under that name back before 1500, when we have our earliest mention of the Duntemann name.
We may never know. That won't stop us from trying to find out!
You'll hear me speak of the various Duntemann clans in this document. There are at least three clans of Duntemanns, and perhaps a couple more. By a "clan" I mean a distinct line of descent going back across the Atlantic to Germany. Back in Germany, of course, the clans may merge, and one of the long-term goals of this project is to determine if this in fact happens. We are almost certain that the two largest clans come together, because they have been traced back to two small German towns less than five miles apart.
This is my own clan, and the primary focus of our research so far. Our clan was brought to America by Johann Carl Christian Duntemann, 1808-1863, who came to America with his wife Millizena and several of their childen sometime about 1848. The clan can be traced back to the late 1600's or so within the village of Schlarpe in Lower Saxony, partway between Uslar and Goettingen, to the south of Hanover. Christian settled his family somewhere in the city of Chicago (legend has it near the Stockyards) but we do not know precisely where, although the 1880 census shows Millizena still in Chicago with her two youngest sons Louis and Hermann. In 1864 Christian's son Heinrich Duntemann married and bought land in DuPage County, near the intersection of Lawrence Avenue and Wolf Road, in what was then known as Leyden and is now Bensenville. Don't go looking for this intersection—the original Duntemann farm is now part of mighty O'Hare Field, and the intersection no longer exists except in our memory.
In June of 2002, my wife Carol and I travelled to Germany, and in the company of two good friends who live in Germany (near Bonn) we went to Schlarpe. Irwin and Maria acted as translators and point-people in an area of Germany that doesn't see a lot of tourists and doesn't speak much English. We were allowed to examine the old Lutheran church records for that region in the nearby (and larger) town of Volpriehausen. What we discovered pushed our knowledge back to Christof Duntemann, born in 1687 and died in 1738. We also found dozens of Duntemanns we had no knowledge of before, and found dates and full names for many we knew only vaguely.
For privacy reasons, the full family tree is not posted on the Web and is distributed only to family members. Please contact me directly for a copy.
Another group of Duntemanns came to America in the 1850s, from the little village of Verliehausen, which is less than five miles from Schlarpe. Two brothers, Henry and Ernst Duntemann, emigrated first to Bureau County, Illinois, and later to the region around Woden, Iowa. A contingent later moved to Amiret, Minnesota and lives there to this day. Nearly all of what we know of the Bureau County clan is due to the efforts of Alta Eckhoff Blakely, a Duntemann descendent who did a great deal of research in the mid-1970s, including a trip to Verliehausen where she followed the Duntemann line back to the mid-1500s. Alta published a monograph in 1977, called My German Heritage. I was fortunate enough to obtain a copy of the Duntemann portion of the monograph (which discussed the families of her four grandparents separately) from Loren Dunteman of Balaton, Minnesota, a member of the clan. The Duntermans (with the "r") are part of this clan. In reading through Alta's genealogies, it struck me that the family itself was huge, but there was a preponderance of girls, which made the clan seem sparser than it actually is because few of the clan today actually carry the Dunteman or Dunterman name. I am convinced that the two clans are actually one, and once I make contact with the German churches, I hope to find the connection. Some members of this clan still live in Germany, and I am in communication with one of them, a young man in Bremen, whose great-great-great grandfather is present in Alta's genealogy.
A fair number of Duntemans have lived in the town of Effingham, Effingham County, in southern Illinois, and in the surrounding region. Very recently I got in touch with a member of the Effingham clan, and he has evidence that his clan and the DuPage County clan are related. The Effingham line descends from one Charles Duntemann, who may very well be Johann Carl Christian Duntemann's younger brother. We are investigating this right now, and I'll update this page once we get to a definition opinion.
There is a group of Duntemans hailing from Cinncinnati, Ohio who appear to be an entirely separate family from ours. I am working with Paul Dunteman here in Phoenix to determine when his ancestors crossed the Atlantic. We know his grandfather was Herman Duntemann, 1855-1929, and we cannot connect him to either the Bureau County or DuPage County clan. Steamship records show that a Herman Duntemann crossed from Bremen to New York on the S.S. Rhein and arrived on July 8, 1871, when Herman was 16. This makes him just about precisely the age that Paul Dunteman's grandfather was supposed to be. Furthermore, those same steamship records show an adjacent record for a man named August Duntemann, age 47 at the time. Because the records were adjacent, it's extremely like that the two were travelling together, and August is probably Hermann's father, though we have no corroborating evidence. More research is needed here, and we're pursuing it as best we can.


text:
Delaware Senate passes bill on outside work disclosure
The state Senate has narrowly approved a bill requiring Delaware lawmakers to disclose information about their outside income and work hours.
The bill, sponsored by Democratic Senate president pro tem Anthony DeLuca (D-Varlano), was approved 11-to-9 Wednesday in Dover and now goes to the House.
DeLuca wants all lawmakers, even those with private-sector jobs, to disclose all sources of income from outside the General Assembly, time worked outside the legislature on session days, and whether their outside pay was reduced on those days for time spent in Dover.
Sen. Michael Katz (D-Centerville) said it was ironic and hypocritical for DeLuca to introduce the bill after refusing to disclose to the media how he splits his time between the legislature and the state labor department, where he was given a job after being elected.
Senate, House release maps
Redistricting maps for the state House and Senate — one drafted as a bill, the other revised — are working their way through the General Assembly.
A bill introduced in the House on Tuesday, and released by the House Administration Committee on Wednesday, redraws the state's 41 House districts to account for population changes reflected in the 2010 Census, including a southward population shift within the state.
It closes two districts in New Castle County that currently are represented by Republicans, and creates two new ones in Kent and Sussex counties.
But some Wilmington-area black leaders are blasting the plan, saying it doesn't go far enough to protect the interests of black voters.
About 20 people gathered outside Legislative Hall on Thursday to complain about the redistricting plan, which lawmakers plan to approve by July 1.
The plan preserves four majority black House districts in and around the city of Wilmington, even though the city lost population over the past decade. It also preserves two majority-minority Senate districts in and around the city.
But some black leaders say more could have been done to increase the influence of black voters, including creating even more majority-black districts.
In the Senate, a revised map includes a more compact 12th District in central New Castle County. The new map also retains a new district in coastal Sussex County and keeps a northern New Castle County district, merging the seats of Senate Minority Whip Liane Sorenson (R-Hockessin) and Sen. David Sokola (D-Newark).
Changes to the proposed maps were made following a public hearing on June 2.
Copies of the original maps as well as the new map are available on the website, http://legis.delaware.gov.
Dangerous chemical banned in baby products
Legislation banning a chemical linked to health problems in pregnant women and children from several children's products unanimously passed the House Wednesday and is on its way to the governor for his signature.
Senate Bill 70 would prohibit the sale of children's products that include Bisphenol-A, an estrogen-mimicking chemical better known as BPA. The ban would take immediate effect for manufacturers selling products such as baby bottles and cups that include the chemical and merchants would have until July 2012 to remove those products from their shelves.
A 2010 fact sheet from the Food and Drug Administration says the chemical – which has been used since the 1960s to harden plastics and to help line some metal food and beverage containers – has a suspected link to health problems and that further studies have been recommended.
Several retailers, such as Wal-Mart, Toys R Us, Target and Sears have phased out baby bottles containing BPA, while several major infant formula makers are already using BPA-free packaging.
As Biden moves to D.C., Wilmington relishes its time in the spotlight
The city has received more attention in the past two months than ever before, but now the 'Biden focus' shifts to Washington.
King's speech: Delaware students emulate MLK in spoken word contest
The fifth annual MLK Voice 4 Youth contest shifted to an online competition this year, but that didn't stifle the passion contestants brought to their speeches.
Biden candles, beer, and 'hardcore' T-shirts are part of inaugural spirit in Delaware
There's also an Amtrak-themed Biden beer. Wilmington shoppers have lots to choose from to get their presidential fix.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Titans stunned
Panthers erase 3-goal deficit, take opener from Toll Gate
FIRE AWAY: Toll Gate's Nick DaCosta fires a shot against Johnston.
(Photo by Ryan D. Murray)
BEST FOOT FORWARD: Toll Gate's Dylan Barlow.
UP THE FIELD: Toll Gate's Josh Paiva.
THROUGH TRAFFIC: Johnston's Jared Lamir works his way past Toll Gate defenders.
GAME WINNER: Luke Vincent carries the ball up the field against Toll Gate on Tuesday. Vincent scored the game-winning goal for the Panthers.
GETTING THE WIN: Johnston's Carlos Monterro dribbles the ball up the field against Toll Gate on Tuesday.
By RYAN D. MURRAY
The Johnston High School Panthers rallied from three goals down to beat Toll Gate 4-3 on Tuesday evening during a thrilling Division III boys soccer season opener at Warwick Vets Middle School.
Johnston senior Luke Vincent buried the game-winning shot with 6:30 remaining in stoppage time.
"It felt good," Vincent said. "We didn't give up. We kept up, and stuck with it the whole game."
The Panthers were playing without their head coach, Dan Mazzulla, who is away on medical leave. So, Johnston badly wanted to get the victory for its coach.
"Yeah, definitely," Vincent said. "He's been the coach for a long time and we've all known him for a long time, so it was good to get the first win for him."
John Sousa was coaching the Panthers in place of Mazzulla.
"We stepped it up in the second half," Sousa said. "It was a very physical game. It was a tough game between both teams. Both were hungry for their first game. And glad to see Johnston step it up and take it home. It was all a team effort in the second half to make those goals."
Vincent finished the contest with a goal, plus an assist, while Antonio Patrone, a junior, topped the Panthers with two goals and two assists.
The Titans were led by seniors Dylan Barlow, who tallied the first two goals of the game, and Jovanny Costa, who assisted both of Barlow's goals.
In net, Johnston senior Ryan Lavoie made eight stops and Toll Gate sophomore Cascis Mitchell made three saves.
With 24:27 remaining in the first half, Toll Gate drew a 1-0 edge when Barlow dribbled into the Johnston zone and then, floated the ball over the head of Lavoie, who went to the top of the box to try to deny a shot attempt.
Three minutes later, Barlow struck again, and increased the Titans lead to 2-0, a lead Toll Gate would bring into the break.
Toll Gate upped its buffer to 3-0 with 34:35 remaining in the second half after Casey Darcy, a senior captain, used his left-foot to rocket a shot into the left side of the net, following an assist from Nick DaCosta, a junior.
But with only two referees to officiate, Johnston got away with what should have been a penalty with 28:15 to play, when Patrone chased down Toll Gate defenseman Josh Costello, who had possession of the ball and pulled him to the ground before firing a shot past Mitchell, the goalkeeper, and inching the Panthers within two at 3-1. The assist on that tally was awarded to Jimmy Poole.
Eight minutes after that, Johnston cut the deficit to 3-2 when Patrone scored again, this time, after assists from Vincent and Semir Melger.
Then, the Panthers deadlocked the game at 3 with 16:55 remaining, after Patrone and Nick Fagbote assisted to Poole, who ripped a shot into the back of the net.
Finally, Vincent, fired in the game-winner from 15 yards out, which sailed over the head of a leaping Mitchell in net, giving Johnston the 4-3 victory. Vincent's tally came after assists from Patrone and Carlos Forgoso, a captain.
Now, Vincent and the Panthers hope that Johnston can use the comeback win as momentum for the rest of the season.
"I think if we keep fighting like this all season, if we don't give up, I think we'll be good," Vincent concluded. "But we've got to stay focused the whole game."
On the other side, Toll Gate head coach Mike Kenney preferred the way his team performed in the first half as oppose to the second half.
"First half, I thought we played the way I thought we could play," Kenney said. "It's an older crew that can move the ball very well. In the second half, we got a little too emotional, we let a few petty things get to us and we had a few lapses and it came back to bite us."
Therefore, Kenney plans to work with his players on controlling their affection.
"We'll definitely improve on this," Kenney said. "We've got too good a core. They've got to learn that they kind of got to take the emotion out of the game, and not worry about the little things, and play soccer the way they know they can, and we'll be fine."
Johnston starts the season at 1-0 while the Titans fall to 0-1.
Vets pins Winman
Pats fall to Clippers, Falcons
Pats, Canes honored
Titans heating up


text:
Buffalo Sabres Offseason Update: Zack Kassian Arrested in Windsor
Matthew Hogan@MattNHLHoganTwitter LogoAnalyst IJune 1, 2010
Jamie Squire/Getty Images
The Buffalo Sabres may have gotten more than they bargained for when they drafted Zack Kassian 13th overall in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft.
The Windsor Star has reported that the 19-year-old Kassian was arrested and later released early Sunday morning after an "altercation" with another man at a Windsor bar.
Kassian recently collected his first Memorial Cup with the Windsor Spitfires of the Ontario Hockey League. He finished with seven goals and 16 points in 19 playoff games, and also had 38 penalty minutes.
The arrest is not the first problem the young prospect has had so far this year.
Back in January, Kassian received a 20-game suspension for an open-ice headshot on Matt Kennedy of the Barrie Colts.
"I'm shocked that Zack received 20 games," Spitfires coach Bob Boughner told The Sporting News after the suspension was handed out. "I thought it was a pretty steep penalty, especially after the presentation the organization made to the league. You can agree or disagree with the decision, but at this point there is nothing that we can do about it."
Standing at 6'3" and weighing 215 pounds, Kassian's massive frame—to no fault of his own—gives him the ability to throw his weight around in the OHL against some of the players who may have not completely physically developed yet.
The Sabres drafted Kassian to add a strong, skillful, hard-hitting forward into a lineup with little tenacity—aside Patrick Kaleta—and even less size.
Sabres star forward and leading scorer Derek Roy stands at 5'9", as does future star Tyler Ennis. Nathan Gerbe, another potential star in the Buffalo organization, is the smallest player in the NHL.
Kassian was drafted with players like Roy, Ennis, and Gerbe in mind.
But as his playoff numbers with the Spitfires suggest, Kassian is more than just a big hitter. During the 2008-09 OHL season, he finished with 24 goals and 63 points in 61 games with the Peterborough Petes.
While the opening stages of Kassian's career might not have gone as planned, the best part about him is that he is only 19, and there is plenty of time to improve his decisions both on and off the ice.
Ovi's Wife Rips NHL After Capitals' COVID-19 Rule Violations
Blake Schuster
Multiple Capitals players will miss upcoming games vs the Sabres
Sabre Noise
via Sabre Noise
Sabres Roster Updates Ahead of the Weekend
Die By The Blade
via Die By The Blade
New tech will give us a closer look at the Sabres and the rest of the NHL


text:
A word to describe a person who is in top/winning bracket of a competitive game
I am looking for a word that would describe a player who is, for example, in a TOP 10 chart and is eligible for a prize. That means that if he would suddenly lose his/her position and get ranked 11 or lower, he/she could no longer be called that way, since that player is not one of the victors.
I'll give a small example of use:
My games: 41 <-- this is total amount of games the player takes part in
Games where I hold a top rank: 11 <-- this is where need help
I would like this to be explained in 1-2 words and I was wondering if such word already exists.
If at all possible I would like to use international or simple english.
american-english british-english
Creative MagicCreative Magic
Are you looking for a synonym for 'top player'? – user66974 Nov 19 '14 at 7:53
@Josh61 more of a word or couple of words to say "games where I'm the top player". Hopefully it makes sense, English isn't my first language. – Creative Magic Nov 19 '14 at 8:00
Stars of basket, football, car racing etc. – user66974 Nov 19 '14 at 8:06
@Josh61 so writing "Starts of games" would mean games where the player is one of the victors? If so, please put that as an answer. – Creative Magic Nov 19 '14 at 8:10
Prize Candidate or Award Candidate – Oldcat Nov 19 '14 at 20:53
"Top Ranked" while not one word would usually suffice.
considered to be the best or among the best   ⇒ "the top-ranked amateur in France"
http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/top-ranked
Allan S. HansenAllan S. Hansen
You know, "means that if he would suddenly lose his/her position and get ranked 11 or lower, he/she could no longer be called that way" – Fattie Nov 19 '14 at 15:57
"Games that I'm highly ranked in" comes to mind.
Abraham ZhangAbraham Zhang
Sorry, but that's very long. I wanted that sentence in one word :) – Creative Magic Nov 19 '14 at 8:26
@CreativeMagic What you ask of is probably impossible. – Abraham Zhang Nov 19 '14 at 8:29
The word "finalist" means someone who has survived earlier challenges and is now competing for the top prize. In your example, there would be ten finalists.
TRomanoTRomano
I think it is
"Top-ten player."
it's literally that simple.
"means that if he would suddenly lose his/her position and get ranked 11 or lower, he/she could no longer be called that way" ... so, top-ten player. It's that simple.
FattieFattie
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text:
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MIT-Zaragoza Speaker Series: Sebastian Pokutta
Home > Events > MIT-Zaragoza Speaker Series: Sebastian Pokutta
January 28, 2009 - 16:00
ZLC, Lecture Room A1
Prof. Sebastian Pokutta
KDB Krall Demmel Baumgarten
"Computational Methods in Production Planning and Logistics"
The impact of modern computational methods from operations research, analytics, and computer algebra when solving supply chain management, logistics, and planning problems has been enormous. Many supply chains could hardly be operated without the support of sophisticated, computerized optimization and planning engines nowadays.
I would like to present two special production and planning problems which have been successfully solved with computational methods. The first one is a stowage optimization problem for inland vessels which has been tackled with integer programming. The challenge for the transportation of inland vessels on auxiliary routes comprises low bridge heights and reduced water depths. In order to ensure save passage of bridges of critical heights load masters are forced to load the vessels with a reduced number of containers in order to reduce the ship's maximal height over waterline which effectively reduces the ship capacity. We present a solution to calculate optimal stowage plan that restores the ship's full capacity. The second problem is a production problem from the oil industry that has been addressed with methods from computer algebra. The available data that describes the oil production process is noisy and of low quality. Nonetheless, understanding the subsurface fluid dynamics that guide the production process is essential for optimizing production and keeping the field in a healthy state. The presented solution concept starts solely from noisy measured data and returns a (polynomial) model that approximates the production process. The derived models can be used for monitoring and control purposes in a second step.
Sebastian Pokutta is currently holding the position of a senior associate with KDB Krall Demmel Baumgarten. The concentration of his research is combinatorial optimization, and in particular his research focuses on cutting plane methods and the application of operations research and optimization to real world problems. Examples of Sebastian Pokutta's work include investigation of stowage optimization problems for inland vessels which aims at increasing stowage capacity and oil production problems which target the optimization of oil production.
Sebastian Pokutta received both his master's degree and Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany. Subsequent to his graduate studies he worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the MIT Operations Research Center where the topic of his research was combinatorial optimization and especially cutting place procedures. Upon completion of his postdoctoral fellowship at MIT Sebastian Pokutta was appointed as an optimization specialist at ILOG where he worked on production planning and supply chain optimization within the steel industry, automotive industry, and energy industry. He also worked on applications of operations research in risk management and finance.
EVENT INFO :
Start Date:January 28, 2009
Start Time:16:00
End Date:January 28, 2009
End Time:17:30
Location:ZLC, Lecture Room A1
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text:
In honor of Austin Heidemann and Audrey McCutcheon, today is 19 September 2022. There are 12 days until RPI's next game.
For the football fans - early line for next weekend against St John Fisher has us as a 12.5 point favorite and the over/under as 38.5-- It appears that the bettors were impressed by the return of an RPI offense this past weekend. Defense has been very solid for all 3 games. I hope the 2 injuries on offense that we suffered against WPI do not affect us going forward.
Last edited by DrDemento; 09-19-2022, 10:12 AM.
That's a good hire for the 'Tute as RB said, he came to Albany from Q'Pac, so he knows college hockey. For those not in the area, Bahl does local drivetime sports talk on ESPN 104.5 the Team.
The defense has certainly been solid. I was interested to note that Dickinson's Diante Ball, who recorded a relatively unremarkable 57 yards rushing against RPI, ran for 277 against Gettysburg this past weekend.
W21: The defense has been more than solid. They have not only kept us competitive for the first two games, they dominated this weekend. WPI had basically a negative running game. The offense showed considerable signs of life, especially rushing the ball. Still not impressed with our passing game and with one of our prime receivers (and holder for field goals) coming out of the game with what looked like a fairly serious injury, just hope we can keep it all going. The Liberty League has 4 very good teams (one really may be super tough - Ithaca) and we will have our hands full.
In honor of Nick Ardanaz and M J Alexander, today is 20 September 2022. There are 11 days until RPI's next game.
In honor of Dylan Davies and Ellie Kaiser, today is 21 September 2022. There are 10 days until RPI's next game.
In honor of Reid Leibold and Magdalena Erbenova, today is 22 September 2022. There are 9 days until RPI's next game.
In honor of James McIsaac and Mika Jahnke, today is 23 September 2022. There are 8 days until RPI's next game.
In honor of Max Smolinski and Nyah Philip, today is 24 September 2022. There are 7 days (1 week) until RPI's next game.
In honor of Jack Agnew and Sophia Jones, today is 25 September 2022. There are 6 days until RPI's next game.
The defense is worth watching - the offense has to come up with something fast as the Liberty League schedule starts and Ithaca and Union could be ready to pounce. I could not watch much of this last game- not because of our play but the video stream provided kept buffering and became impossible to follow. Good thing we have Kurt Stutt on WRPI who calls the games as he sees them.
In honor of Taylor Zahirnyi, today is 26 September 2022. There are 5 days until RPI's next game.
Actually it was St. John Fisher, not John Jay Fisher. And how about a piece of irony? RPI's field hockey team beat St. John Fisher yesterday by the score of… yep. 3-0.


No lamp rated for (1) 75 watt max, E26 medium based lamp (Lamp Not Included). Incandescent version includes 120 volt, 30 watt medium base T9 Classic Edison Style lamp. Ships with six feet of field-cuttable cable. Dimmable with most LED compatible ELV and TRIAC dimmers.


text:
La estación de Wattwil es la principal estación ferroviaria de la comuna suiza de Wattwil, en el Cantón de San Galo.

Historia y situación ferroviaria

La estación de Wattwil fue inaugurada en 1870 con la apertura de la línea Toggenburgerbahn. Actualmente ofrece varios servicios a sus usuarios, como son venta de billetes o agencia de viajes, así como una zona específica para aparcar bicicletas.

Desde esta estación parten o pasan varias líneas ferroviarias:
 Línea Bodensee-Toggenburg-Bahn Romanshorn -  San Galo - Wattwil -  Nesslau-Neu St. Johann.
 Línea Toggenburgerbahn Wil - Wattwil - Ebnat-Kappel.
 Línea  Rickenbahn Wattwil - Uznach.

Servicios ferroviarios

Hay dos compañías que operan los servicios ferroviarios de esta estación: SBB-CFF-FFS, que gestiona las líneas de cercanías S-Bahn y SOB (SudÖstBahn), el IR Voralpen.

Larga distancia

  Voralpen Romanshorn - Neukirch-Egnach - Muolen - Häggenschwil-Winden - Roggwil-Berg - Wittenbach - San Galo-San Fiden - San Galo - Herisau - Degersheim - Wattwil - Uznach - Schmerikon - Rapperswil - Pfäffikon - Wollerau - Biberbrugg - Arth-Goldau - Küssnacht am Rigi - Meggen Zentrum - Lucerna Verkehrshaus - Lucerna. Servicios cada hora. Operado por SOB (SudÖstBahn). Frecuencias cada hora por cada sentido.

S-Bahn San Galo

Hasta Wattwil llegan varias líneas de la red de trenes de cercanías S-Bahn San Galo, que permiten una comunicación más fluida con las principales comunas del cantón.
  (Romanshorn -) San Galo - Herisau - Rapperswil. Sólo opera a determinadas horas del día
  Wattwil – Herisau – San Galo – Rorschach – Heerbrugg. Trenes con frecuencias cada hora.
  San Galo – Herisau – Wattwil – Uznach. Servicios cada hora por cada sentido.
  Wil - Wattwil/Nesslau-Neu St. Johann. Esta estación, junto a Nesslau-Neu St. Johann son las estaciones terminales de los S-Bahn de esta línea que proceden de Wil.

La red de cercanías S-Bahn San Galo será ampliada en el año 2013.

Referencias

Wattwil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Hi. Please let us know each code and phone model to check the network in your locations. - E.J.
I also have no service. I'm in the Dallas, TX area.
I contacted support via chat and they said my phone seems to be working but that they aren't showing any tower issues for my area.
I did a factory reset on the phone, but it didn't help.
I'm on a LG Stylo 2. What code do you need?
So my last post was 30 minutes ago. I did some searching in the forum and saw the suggestion to switch the network to LTE.
I did, and now I can make calls. I just tested it by checking my voicemail. Before, I couldn't even check my voicemail.
So it's a relief to know that nothing is wrong with my phone, but isn't Boost supposed to be a 4G network?
And I contacted support twice, and no one mentioned the network was down. I searched online also and was unable to find this information.
And when I thought about it, I've been having problems with the service a lot lately. Missed calls, calls ringing twice then going to voicemail, roaming in the middle of downtown Dallas, and then not being able make calls started about four days ago.
We need your zip code in order to review your service status. If possible, send us a private message with your phone number, pin and address. That way we can have a detailed view of your current service status and gather as much information as possible about this problem.


text:
David Selig, Digital Executive Producer
Roy Ramos, Reporter
Published: December 3, 2020, 3:13 pm Updated: December 3, 2020, 5:18 pm
Tags: Crime, Hollywood, Broward County
Mother's plea after murder at Hard Rock: 'Help me find my son's killer'
Police looking for 3 'persons of interest' in Hard Rock Hollywood garage shooting
ATVs impounded and arrests made after Wheels Up, Guns Down ride
Executives at senior living community hope more staff members will want to receive COVID-19 vaccine
Man, woman taken into custody after driving stolen Cadillac into canal
It snowed in Miami 44 years ago. It could happen again.
2 men arrested in killing at Hard Rock Hotel & Casino garage
HOLLYWOOD, Fla. – Two suspects have been arrested in connection with the shooting death of a man in a Hard Rock Hotel & Casino garage back in July, Seminole Tribe police say.
And it was information provided by their alleged getaway driver that ultimately led to their arrests.
Dion Brown, 21, and Jaleel Arnett Thomas, 25, will face charges of felony murder with a firearm in the death of Pierre Jules LaCroze, 37, a North Lauderdale father of three, according to court records.
The killing took place at about 12:30 a.m. July 16 on the sixth floor in the Winner's Way parking garage, investigators said.
Thomas was arrested Nov. 24 in Fort Lauderdale and is being held without bond in the Broward County Jail, authorities say.
Brown was arrested Wednesday near Orlando and is being held without bond in the John E. Polk Correctional Facility in Sanford. He will be transported to Broward County, where both suspects are expected to stand trial, the Seminole tribe says.
Dion Brown, 21, and Jaleel Arnett Thomas, 25, were arrested in connection with the killing of a North Lauderdale man at the Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino in July. (Corrections photos)
Surveillance video and images released after the shooting showed three persons of interest, and the victim's mother had pleaded for those responsible to come forward.
"Just turn yourself in please, cause we hurt, I'm hurting. I can't, I can't believe, I am so sick," the mother said in July.
Loved ones say LaCroze went to the casino with a group of friends that night, and while police still have yet to release a motive, crime scene technicians discovered broken pieces of jewelry outside of his blue Mercedes indicating he may have been robbed.
Seminole Tribe police said it took several law enforcement agencies to make the arrests.
"Successful resolution of this case is due to solid criminal investigative work and excellent cooperation from the Office of the State Attorney in Broward County and several law enforcement agencies, including the Miami Office of the FBI and its Florida Safe Trails Task Force, the U.S. Marshals Service and the Sheriff's Offices in Broward and Seminole Counties," said William Latchford, Executive Director of Public Safety for the Seminole Tribe of Florida and the Seminole Police Department. "We also want to thank the community for the many important tips received from Broward County Crime Stoppers as a result of extensive local news coverage."
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David Selig
David Selig is the Digital Executive Producer at WPLG, overseeing Local10.com.
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Roy Ramos
Roy Ramos joined the Local 10 News team in 2018. Roy is a South Florida native who grew up in Florida City. He attended Christopher Columbus High School, Homestead Senior High School and graduated from St. Thomas University.


Small businesses rely on capital to fuel business growth. Some are able to generate working capital from operations. Others, however, are forced to consider taking on debt or new stockholders because they can't. Since most entrepreneurs would prefer to avoid giving up voting rights and/or access to profits, debt is the preferred path among those whose businesses don't self-fund. With the recession of the past few years, however, small business lending became much harder to secure. Ami Kassar, who founded Multifunding, published a blogpost yesterday in the New York Times, discussing the current status of small business lending in the United States.
If you're trying to start a business today, you can almost forget about going to a bank for financing. This situation hasn't changed much in the past year, and we don't see it changing any time soon — with a few exceptions. If you are opening a franchise outlet that is on the approved S.B.A. list or if you have solid personal collateral outside of your new business, you've got a shot.
In 2012, frustrations about the difficulties involved in financing start-ups resulted in a lot of political capital being focused on one possible solution, crowdfunding. Unfortunately, crowdfunding hasn't taken off yet, and I don't think it will in 2013. It will take time to iron out the kinks and figure out how to make it work — how to strike the right balance between helping companies and protecting investors.
On a happier note, things have definitely gotten better for companies that are clearly creditworthy. In 2012, if you owned an existing business and you had collateral, cash flow and good credit scores, it was a good time to borrow money at low rates. And I think that will continue for some time. Banks are now hunting eagerly for these borrowers.
The problem is that there are not nearly enough of them. And that's why a group of alternative lenders — including factors and merchant-cash advance lenders — are lined up and ready to supply money to most of the rest of us. The challenge is that these borrowers face high rates that make it tough to grow and expand as much as they would like.
The alternative financing industry is growing rapidly and, I believe, will continue to grow in 2013. These lenders are extremely entrepreneurial and are leaving the banks behind with their speed and use of technology. Many are backed by premier investment banks and Silicon Valley venture capital powerhouses — investors who understand that entrepreneurs and small-business owners are throwing up their hands in frustration over how long it can take to get a loan from a bank, especially if the loan is backed by the S.B.A. More and more businesses are willing to pay the price of the alternative lenders just to be able to get their capital and move on.
There are some indications that the price of alternative lending may be coming down a bit as the industry gets more competitive. I expect this to continue in 2013. That said, there is still a wide discrepancy in pricing between bank loans and alternative loans.
Educate yourself on alternative lending in your area. I attend meetings of the local chapter of the Commercial Finance Association and have met some folks who are staunch supporters of small businesses through their practices rather than the mere words that we often hear from politicians or some of the large banks who really have a poor track record with small business. It very well may be that your capital needs could best be served by this emerging category of providers!