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7up logo history
A beginning of 7up logo history The uncola identics wasn't much different from current one. As fonts were changing, the meaning of 7up logo remained the same. There weren't any hidden meanings however, it was only the name and nothing more 7 Up logo used outside the US. 7 Up (stylized as 7up outside the U.S.) is an American brand of lemon-lime-flavored non-caffeinated soft drink. The rights to the brand are held by Keurig Dr Pepper in the United States and by 7 Up international in the rest of the world
This is currently being used on the 1980 7up Retro This is currently being used on the 1990 7up Retro FANDOM. Games Movies TV History Talk (0) Share. For the international version, see 7Up (International). This page only shows primary logo variants. For other related logos and images, see: /Other: Contents 1929-1936: 1936-1943: 1943-1972: 1972-1980: 1980-1987 1987-1995: 1995. The Cool Spot—whom we've already covered here at Tedium fairly well—was an anthropomorphic version of the red dot from the 7UP logo who wore shades. (He appeared at roughly the same time brand icons known for wearing shades—including Chester Cheetah, the California Raisins, the Energizer Bunny, and Pepsi's human mascot, Ray Charles—were hard to avoid in sponsorships.) He starred i
7UP Logo Meaning - History and Evolution - Turbolog
The 7UP brand launched way back in 1936! In fact, it's even older than that. The same drink existed under another name, Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda, from 1929 to 1936 (good call on the name change). Since 1936, 7UP has gone through countless bottle/can/logo redesigns and advertising campaigns
The very first logo for 7UP was a winged design on the 7UP logo. It was black and white and used a 3D font. In the 1930's they removed the wings and added a red background to the design and implemented a few bubbles. This designed remained for a few decades until they launched the Uncola in 1967
Every 7up logo ever (America) Skip navigation Sign in. Search. Loading... Close. This video is unavailable. 7 Eleven Logo History | Evologo [Evolution of Logo] - Duration: 2:32. Riswan.
Logo de 7 Up utilisé en Amérique du Nord. En 1982, le jeu vidéo Pac-Man est utilisé comme thème pour une publicité télévisuelle de 7 Up. En 1993, Cool Spot, l'ancienne mascotte voit son jeu vidéo sortir sur les consoles 16 bits de l'époque
7 Up - Wikipedi
Get inspired to mix it up a little with 7UP! Crisp and refreshing, it mixes into all kinds of drinks, cocktails, punches, baked goods, and more, perfect for your next cocktail party, game night or get-together The logo was redesigned again in 1905 and started resembling a causal identity of the brand's main competitor, Coca-Cola. It was a bold script lettering in red, with a curved long tail of the letter C, and the connected lines of P and C, underlining the whole logotype and creating a double loop pattern. 1906 — 194
Bienvenue sur le site www.7up.fr. PEPSICO France 15 bd Charles de Gaulle 92705 Colombes Cedex RCS 381 511 039 Numéro de TVA intra-communautaire : FR 59 381 511 039 . Ce site a été conçu pour divertir l'utilisateur. L'accès à ce site implique l'acceptation automatique et sans restriction des présentes conditions générales d'utilisation 7UP Goes on . Westinghouse took over 7UP in 1969. It then was sold to Philip Morris in 1978, a marriage of soft drinks and tobacco. The investment firm Hicks & Haas bought it in 1986. 7UP merged with Dr. Pepper in 1988. Now a combined company, it was bought by Cadbury Schweppes in 1995, a more likely marriage of chocolates and soft drinks. That. Nic The UNCOLA tag immediately joined the nation's vernacular and remained synonymous with 7UP, despite subsequent campaigns that featured new slogans. In 1970, The Seven-Up Company introduced sugar-free 7UP, which was an immediate success among the growing number of calorie-conscious Americans. It was named Diet 7UP in 1979 Moved Permanently. The document has moved here
7Up logo vectors. We have 23 free 7Up vector logos, logo templates and icons. You can download in .AI, .EPS, .CDR, .SVG, .PNG formats File:7-up Logo.svg. Jump to navigation Jump to search. File; File history; File usage; Global file usage; Metadata ; Size of this PNG File history. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 19:58, 16 December 2015: 396 × 371 (99 KB) AceDouble: redo : 19:53, 16 December 2015: 512 × 480 (20 KB) AceDouble: update. Mar 5, 2015 - This Pin was discovered by derek austin. Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinteres A variant of this logo is still used by Coca-Cola European Partners in the United Kingdom. In September 2005, Dr Pepper introduced a new logo
7Up (United States) - Logopedia Fando
7up Logo - Best company or business logo will represent the personal spirit of your business or company. So thats why if at this time, you are looking for great company logo inspiration especially some ideas related to the 7up Logo? then you are in the right site since here at Logot Logos Logo Design Ideas site you can easily find the newest inspiration and ideas about the 7up Logo that you.
The History Of The 7Up Logo: Through The Years. The 7Up brand has been around since 1936 when the company changed the original name and went with a more simple, streamlined brand name and identity. And since its conception, the brand has undergone a wide variety of redesigns — some were more similar than others, but all of them had a way of capturing the brand and its identity at the time.
The history of 7-Up soda: Only seven years old. 7-UP was originated by a chemist for the Howdy Company of St Louis, Mo., seven years ago. It was brought to Kern county two years ago in bottles, processed in a Los Angeles plant and distributed by truck transportation. Because everything in 7-UP comes to the public with ingredients as nature produced them, not artificially colored, flavored or.
The 7UP logo includes a red spot between the '7' and 'UP'; this red spot has been animated and used as a mascot for the brand as Cool Spot. History. 7UP was created by Charles Leiper Grigg, who launched his St. Louis-based company The Howdy Corporation in 1920. Grigg came up with the formula for a lemon-lime soft drink in 1929. The product, originally named Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda.
Uncola Marketing: 7UP's Long Brand Evolutio
Un logo pétillant. Nous vous l'annoncions dans les petites news flash défilantes depuis le mois de janvier, c'est officiel désormais. Seven Up (ou 7up, au choix), la limonade du groupe PepsiCo se pare d'un nouveau logo et d'un nouveau packaging [August 10, 2017] 7up Brand 7Up 500Ml, New 7Up Flavors, 7Up Products List, 7Up Free, 7Up Snapple, 7Up Products, PepsiCo LG Logo 7Up, 7 Up Jobs, 7Up Bubbles, All Soda Brands, Diet 7Up, 7Up Taste, 7Up Logo History, 7Up Nimbooz, 7 Up Products Soft Drink, 7Up 2 Liters, Vintage 7Up Logo, 6 Pack 7Up, 7Up Gold, 7Up Bottle, 7 Up Company, 7Up Mojito, 7Up Phone, 7Up Light, 7Up Plus, 7Up Sugar, 7Up Can. Share 7up logo Wallpaper gallery to the Pinterest, Facebook, Twitter, Reddit and more social platforms. You can find more drawings, paintings, illustrations, clip arts and figures on the Free Large Images - wide range wallpapers community
7UP's New Logo Goes Old School - Creative Marke
That's when Fanta logo history begins. The very first formula included apple leftovers and buttermilk! However, the name was more palatable. What does the name mean? It's actually a shortening of Fantasy, which was helping engineers to run a production. Thus, Fanta first appeared in a logo. The first logo was comprised of the word alone and it was enough back then. Only the.
Jan 14, 2015 - A new logo for soft drink brand 7up
7UP logo vector. Download free 7UP vector logo and icons in AI, EPS, CDR, SVG, PNG formats
History of 7UP Read about the history of this classic American soft drink. This is the history of 7UP as documented by the manufacturer. The earliest 7 UP advertising featured a winged 7 UP logo and described the soft drink as a glorified drink in bottles only. Seven natural flavors blended into a savory, flavory drink with a real wallop. By the late 1940s, 7 UP had become the third best. Brand Logo Packaging Pepsico 7up. 7up Logo 7up Symbol Meaning History Evolution. The U.S. version of the 7 Up logo includes a red circle between the 7 and Up; this red circle has been animated and used as a mascot for the brand as Cool Spot. In April 2015, the 1995 logo was modified once again with a new font. The commercials were produced by In 1987, 7 Up introduced Spot, the red-orange. HIstory & Marketing Strategies of 7up Marketing Marketing Strategies 7UP is a healthy soft drink in the soft drink market, this is the fresh lime soda which helps you in refreshing your mood and this is the perfect solution for your tiredness and thirst
200 downloads 7Up™ Logo vector Download 7Up Vector Logo for Free. 7Up vector logo in EPS vector format for Adobe Illustrator, Corel Draw and others vector editors (Win/Mac/Linux Just heard about this through Twitter. On the 7up Germany website, they show new bottle and can box packaging with a simpler 7up logo. Well, here's a time when the Can Museum has something no on Sugar-Free 7Up is renamed Diet 7Up. 1986 Philip Morris sells the domestic operations of The Seven-Up Company to a private investment group and the company merges with the Dr Pepper Company. 1987 Cherry 7Up and Diet Cherry 7Up debut on the market. 1987 The mascot Spot is born, inspired by the red dot in the soda's logo. 199 The Logo Quiz 20 Questions | By Consumerhub | Last updated: Jun 11, 2020 | Total Attempts: 6665 Questions All questions 5 questions 6 questions 7 questions 8 questions 9 questions 10 questions 11 questions 12 questions 13 questions 14 questions 15 questions 16 questions 17 questions 18 questions 19 questions 20 question
In terms of logos, an original winged trademark soon gave way to the red squared logo that lasted until the late 1960s that coincided with that period's brilliant Uncola re-branding campaign. I. 7up logo redesign. A new logo for soft drink brand 7up. Feels good to be you. You could put that after any product and it would mean just as little. Regardless, I've always known the 7up brand for its name and for that red circle, so it makes sense to strip the previous design of unnecessary elements. Here's the earlier logo from 2010, by TracyLocke. And this is what came before the. LIKE 7Up IT LIKES YOU now reads YOU LIKE IT IT LIKES YOU [Figure 5]. Back Label #2 was used from 1938 to 1944 or 1945. The second back label (#3) used on the 7-bubble, swimsuit bottles began with THE Fresh Up DRINK (with Fresh Up in script). For the first time, this label included four lines of contents information. The YOU LIKE IT slogan remained, but the warning had changed to. Jan 20, 2017 - This Pin was discovered by Tracy Juarez. Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinteres File history. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 14:15, 12 July 2013: 469 × 500 (8 KB) Zaibatsu (talk | contribs) {{Information |Description={{de|Logo von 7 Up}} |Source=Hamburger Abendblatt (Hamburg based newspaper) |Date=2013 |Author=Dr Pepper Snapple Group/PepsiCo |Permission= |other_versions= }} {{PD.
Every 7UP Logo ever (1929-Present
Aug 12, 2015 - A new logo for soft drink brand 7up Unique 7up Posters designed and sold by artists. Shop affordable wall art to hang in dorms, bedrooms, offices, or anywhere blank walls aren't welcome 7up Logo Téléchargement mp3 musique. Écouter de la musique Telecharger VLC. 7up Logo il peut maintenant être téléchargé gratuitement sur le site Web de Télécharger vlc. Vous avez la possibilité avant de télécharger 7up Logo mp3 musique sur votre appareil mobile, votre ordinateur ou votre tablette Etsy a recours à des cookies et autres technologies similaires pour vous fournir une. (A former 7Up president and chairman did recount this anecdote in a 1942 speech, saying Grigg had read about the history of cow brands in a Sunday newspaper article, including one brand that.
7 Up is a product of a lemon-lime flavored caffeinate-free soft drink. The rights to the brand are held by Dr Pepper Snapple Group in the United States, and PepsiCo (or its licensees) in the rest of the world, including Puerto Rico.The origin of the name is unclear. It has been reformulated several times since its launch in 1929. 7-Up Soft Drink contains no caffeine and now has no artificial. History. The company now known as DPS has evolved from a combination of discovery, invention and collaboration. This rich history includes the very birth of the soft drink in 1783, when Jean Jacob Schweppe perfected the process for carbonating water and created the world's first carbonated mineral water. Dr Pepper and Snapple, the flagship brands of DPS, have origins that share Schweppe's. Vidéos liées à 7up logo . Información y videos sobre 7up logo. Vidéos liées à 7up logo. Opinions sur... Parce que votre avis nous intéresse. Rechercher des avis sur . 7Up. 7Up. www.contametuhistoriaenversito.com. Ver video 7Up 7up. Subido Por Vicen. Ver video 7up 7UP Kids Party Dispenser, 30 Year Old 7UP! I did not drink it! I know some people probably wanted me to give it a try. The very first logo for 7UP was a winged design on the 7UP logo. It was black and white and used a 3D font. In the 1930's they removed the wings and added a red background to the design and implemented a few bubbles. This designed remained for a few decades until they launched the Uncola in 1967. From here they removed the 3D type and gave it a flat dimension. Later on they added.
Nov 28, 2014 - A new logo for soft drink brand 7up
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The Burger King logo has worked to attract all kinds of consumers, being a sign of marketing success. Over the years, the BK logo has undergone some adjustments to update it to modern times, but it remains recognizable to 1967 original, keeping as its main element its characteristic grilled hamburgers. Let's learn a little about the history.
7-Up Soda Pop 7Up Pics by Mike Mozart of TheToyChannel and JeepersMedia on YouTube. Coca-Cola isn't the only soda that started as a pharmaceutical elixir. 7-Up, the 85-year-old citrus soft drink, once went by the less-catchy name Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda -- and it was packed with mood-enhancing lithium. Lithium, a salt found in groundwater, has long been used to treat.
Site officiel de l'entreprise Alex Coulombe. Nous embouteillons une impressionnante gamme de breuvages répondant aux besoins et aux goûts des consommateurs Québécois
High quality 7up inspired Baby T-Shirts by independent artists and designers from around the world. Children's clothes on Redbubble are expertly printed on ethically sourced apparel and are available in a range of colors and sizes. All orders are custom made and most ship worldwide within 24 hours
Brands of the World is the world\'s largest library of brand logos in vector format available to download for free. BotW is also a great place for designers to showcase their work Our Story. Britvic has been bottling 7UP in GB and the Republic of Ireland since 1987. First produced in in 1929, 7UP was created by Charles Leiper Grigg who spent more than two years testing 11 different formulas of lemon-flavored drinks with the aim of producing a wholesome and distinctive soft drink that would prove irresistible to the nation's consumers This month we're going to take a brief look at the history of another product: Sprite. German Origins. Sprite was originally developed in West Germany in 1959. The drink started life as part of the Fanta line with the name Clear Lemon Fanta. Two years later the drink would be introduced to the U.S. market with its new name: Sprite. Sprite Boy Reappears. The name Sprite had been around. Canada Dry is a brand of soft drinks owned since 2008 by the American company Keurig Dr Pepper. For over a century, Canada Dry has been known for its ginger ale, though the company also manufactures a number of other soft drinks and mixers.Although Canada Dry originated in Canada, it is now produced in many countries around the globe, including the United States, Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Japan.
Lipton est une marque alimentaire britannique spécialisée dans les soupes, le thé et les boissons à base de thé. Créée dans les années 1870 par Thomas Lipton, elle fait maintenant partie du groupe anglo-néerlandais Unilever.La marque Lipton se vend dans plus de 150 pays [1].. La variété de thé la plus vendue par Lipton est Lipton Yellow Label, qui est du thé noi
In honor of 132 years of Coca-Cola, take a stroll down memory lane and revisit all the iconic (or not so iconic) Coca-Cola designs, flavors, and innovations. From glass bottles to slushies in reusable pouches, here's how Coke has changed through the years
History of Pepsi logo began in 1898 with a close rivalry with competitor brand Coco Cola. During the period from1898 to 1940's, Pepsi had a swirly red script logo, which looked similar to that of Coco Cola logo. Looking For a Logo Design? We have helped thousands of business owners from all around the world with their graphic design needs such as a logo design, website design, social media.
Pepsi logo and symbol, meaning, history, PN
The brand was first released to compete with Pepsi's 7up. But their inventiveness has made them reach much higher than their direct rivals as they are now the 2nd best Global brand of Coca-Cola Company. By Rahul panchal-July 28, 2019. 0. 0. Marketing Marketing Strategies History & Marketing Strategies of Sprite Brand. History & Marketing Strategies of Sprite Brand. Marketing Marketing. Logos; Careers. English ; French × Select Your Country. United States; Canada; Canada; OUR FAMILY OF BRANDS Keurig Dr Pepper has a portfolio of more than 125 owned, licensed, partner and allied brands, with leadership across numerous beverage categories. Here is a snapshot of some of the brands in our family. For more information on our brands, please visit our product facts page. Coffees. Robinsons is a much-loved household brand and well-known for its long-standing history of refreshing tennis players at the Wimbledon Championships, a story which began in 1935 when Robinsons barley water was created in the changing rooms of the famous tournament. Prior to this however, its origins can be traced back to founder Matthias Archibold Robinson, who experienced a fascinating and. Title : 7up Logo 7up Symbol Meaning History Evolution. Before that, the mascot was a fictional character named Fido Dido created by Joanna Ferrone and Sue Rose. Get up to 50% off. 7up Logo 7up Symbol Meaning History Evolution. (1999-2005) Are you an Un? Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. From the Pre-1900s to the 1970s. He gave viewers lessons about how to plan. Frucor Suntory New Zealand Ltd PO Box 76202, Manukau City, Auckland 2241 Phone: +64 9 250 0100 Free Phone: 0800 437 8267 (0800 4FRUCOR) Fax: +64 9 250 015
Rolling out in more than 140 countries, the multi-channel campaign and rejuvenated visual identity, including logo design and packaging, builds on the brand's authentic equity and history, while staying true to its witty, naturally confident character. PepsiCo press release Logo detail. Vintage 7up logo referenced in the new identity The first 7Up logo from 1929. In terms of logos, an original winged trademark soon gave way to the red squared logo that lasted until the late 1960's that coincided with the that period's brilliant Uncola re-branding campaign. I always felt they had GOLD in that Uncola moniker. . . A 1935 7Up label before the Howdy Company's name was changed to 7Up in 1936, followed by two Howdy. Cool Spot (or simply Spot ) was a mascot for 7 Up in the United States. He is an anthropomorphic version of the red dot in the 7 Up logo. He first appeared in 1987, the same year Fido Dido was licensed to PepsiCo. He starred in several advergames in the 1990s, as well as his own 7 Up adverts on television. Fido Dido advertised 7 Up outside the US at the time. Cool Spot voice by Frank Welker Also in 1950, Seven-Up Co. initiated 7UP Floats, a summer promotion that featured 7UP served with ice cream in a tall glass; the promotion became an annual event for the company. In 1961, the.
As the dawn of a new day started for Nigerians on October 1st, 1960, the same was our story as our first 7Up bottle rolled out. That was where and how our shared history and heritage started; since that first bottle, we have been celebrating together with Nigerians at every major milestone in the country's history. Seven-Up Bottling Company has been creating value for the Nigerian market. Logos come in all shapes, sizes, and formats. Use this quick guide to master logo terminology and learn about the most common logo forms. Wordmark logo. A wordmark is the custom design of a brand name. It includes the exact typeface, color, letter spacing, and arrangement of a word. The whole design is wrapped up in the typography, the nuanced. Over the years brands such as Pepsi change their logos and marketing slogans. Here are a few of the logos since the late 1800's and slogans during the past 60 years: 1939-1950: Twice as Much for a Nickel1950: More Bounce to the Ounce1950-1957: Any Weather is Pepsi Weather1957-1958: Say Pepsi, Please1961-1964: Now It's Pepsi for Those Who T..
Here is the famous 'Swimsuit Girl' or 'Bubble Girl' bottle. 7up used this logo from 1935 up to the early 50's I think. Now if you will notice the difference between the two pics. The 1st pic is of what is called an '8 bubble' bottle. referring to the amount of bubbles in the red/orange portion of the ACL(applied color label). Up until the mid 40's this was the norm. Not sure how or why but. History As one of nine beverage bottling companies in El Paso, the newly-renamed Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co. had plenty of competition (Figure 7-45). The company had eight routes serving the city and, in 1954, had installed a pallet system with fork lift operation for increasing capacity (EPT 4/25/1954 E11:2). The plant had a capacity to produce 300,000 cases of Pepsi a year, a total of.
The History of 7UP and Charles Leiper Grig
Goodday is Malaysia's number one fresh milk that's packed with calcium, protein and vitamins in a variety of flavours. Shop online today History. Mahindra & Mahindra - is more than two dozen models of motor and road transport, which were developed taking into account the expectations and wishes of each of the company's customers. Moreover, the concept of the company's work tends to exceed customer expectations. The company has been operating since 1948, and in 2016 the volume of annual production was from 150 to 200. Feb 26, 2014 - How Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda became one of America's most popular soft drink Pepsi & 7UP Logo'd Bottling Co Coasters. Pricing & History. Sold for. Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth. Sold Date; Source.
History of Pepsi Advertising Pepsi introduced their new bottle cap logo and no longer featured their price as their main selling point, but rather a lifestyle accommodation (Pepsi-Cola Story, n.p.) The layout of the ad does not appear to have an obvious flow through the content. The most logical way to read the ad would be like reading - left to right, top to bottom. The headline and copy. Find great deals on eBay for 7up cherry. Shop with confidence Project Title: 7UP Vintage Client or Class Name: PepsiCo - www.pepsico.com. To build on its rich history of artistic expression, 7up launched a special edition series of packaging featuring unique moments of 7up history. These packages span 6 decades of brand heritage illustrating its witty and naturally confident character However, only a few ideograms people see are recognized without a brand name, such as the famous Nokia or Starbucks logo. Let's look at the history of logos for the most well-known companies such as Ford, Google, Firefox and others. If you are a designer, you will learn a lot from their mistakes and the resulting long path towards improvements until they've reached the final design. If you. From the original Dr Pepper with its unique 23 flavors to the savory Cherry Vanilla Dr Pepper, learn more about all Dr Pepper products here
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Larisa was an awesome guide. Very friendly, knowledgeable, and helpful beyond just the tour. I highly recommend her. I would book her again when I come back to Santiago.
TOUR GUIDE RESPONSE: Thank you Jeff for writing such a wonderful review. It was a pleasure to meet you and your family. Hope the rest of your vacation goes well.
TOUR GUIDE RESPONSE: Thank you Brian, it was a pleasure to meet you and Fay. Hope to see you on your return to Santiago.
TOUR GUIDE RESPONSE: Thanks for rating the tour Tom. It was a pleasure to meet you and your family. I hope the rest of the vacation goes well.
Larisa planned a full day walking tour of Santiago for us. Larisa and the tour were terrific. She knows the history of Chile and integrated it as we walked through the city's neighborhoods and markets. By the end of the day it felt like we were walking with an old friend. We would highly recommend Larisa.
TOUR GUIDE RESPONSE: Thank you so much for the kind words Mary Ann. It was a pleasure to meet you and Jackie, and to share Santiago with you. I enjoyed our conversations and it really felt like exploring the city with good friends. Enjoy the rest of your vacation!
Larisa has all the wonderful elements of a perfect guide: a good storyteller, insightful, flexible and a good sense of humor. We loved her orientation to Santiago and gave us a framework to understand this wonderful city.
TOUR GUIDE RESPONSE: Thank you so much Carol! This was one of the most fun tours I've had. Five star clients. :) Enjoy the rest of your vacation ladies!
TOUR GUIDE RESPONSE: Thank you very much Shelbi! I'm happy to hear that the group enjoyed the tour. Thanks again for booking!
We loved our walking tour with Larisa. She was very knowledgeable and personable and took us to places we would never have found on our own. We chose the tour because it promised that it would take us to neighborhoods that are not typically seen by traditional city tours. We visited neighborhoods with fascinating architecture and equally fascinating histories, as provided by Larisa. I enthusiastically recommend Larisa as a wonderful guide!
Larissa was delightful and very informative. She was waiting at the meeting point ahead of time and got the tour started immediately. We particularly enjoyed her great local knowledge and the fact that she was obviously well known and liked by the stall holders. We received several tastings at no extra cost and learnt quite a bit about Chilean food culture. We highly recommend Larissa to everyone.
TOUR GUIDE RESPONSE: Thank you very much Glenys for your kind words! I had a great time guiding you through the markets and I'm happy to hear that you enjoyed the experience. :) Gracias!
TOUR GUIDE RESPONSE: Gracias Ellen, it was a pleasure! I hope you had a nice stay in Santiago.
We duly took this walking tour with Larisa, who came to our hotel even though it was the side of the city. It gave us a chance to travel by underground and, little did we know what exciting experiences and encounters were in store! She really encapsulated The Charms of Old Santiago in every sense of the word, including an impromptu haircut at the 2nd oldest barbers in the world. Her knowledge, her command of English and her sense of fun were infectious. A very professional job all round!
Larissa is a delight, knowledgeable and prompt. This was our second tour with her and if we could we would give 6 ��. She knows Santiago's food and wine scene and gave us a bunch of great recommendations.
Larissa was wonderful, knowledgeable and very accommodating to our interests. We would rate her 6 stars if available.
TOUR GUIDE RESPONSE: Dear Harry, thank you for choosing me as your Santiago guide! You were a lovely family to tour with and it was a real pleasure for me to show you around the city. I hope that you enjoyed the rest of your stay and that Jeanne had a memorable birthday dinner. All the best to you, Jeanne and Geoff.
TOUR GUIDE RESPONSE: Dear Julie and Bob, thank you so much for this glowing review! Exploring the city with you was a real pleasure and hearing about your past travels gave me so many ideas for my future trips (I am looking forward to receiving your travel notes on Portugal). :) I hope that my suggestions helped make the most out of the rest of your stay in Santiago. Warm regards to both of you, hoping our paths cross again.
You know your tour guide is a true local when she is greeted by the fruit and vegetable vendors and the waiters in the fish market! Our time with Larisa went by very quickly! We started in the flower market and then spent quite a bit of time in the fruit and vegetable markets. You must check out the custard apple! Larisa was kind enough to share some olives with us too. Larissa kindly suggested several restaurants to check out and we can't wait to go back to Santiago to do so.
TOUR GUIDE RESPONSE: Dear Jon and Karen, it was great to meet you and I'm happy that you enjoyed the tour. Thank you so much for this wonderful review. :) Hope to see you back here in the near future.


text:
Whether Charitable trust running a School is entitled to get exemption from property tax?
Plaintiffs, we have seen are running a school and it is in respect of this school that exemption is sought by the trust. Supreme Court even observed that even if a school charges fees that would be irrelevant and trust would continue to be a charitable trust, as long as it applies the profits received, for the charitable purpose, and does not divide it or pay it to the members. Plaintiffs have placed on record the accounts of the Audited Reports for the year ending 31/03/1992, 31/03/1993 and 31/03/1995. Those audited accounts certainly go to show that any surplus of that particular year was transferred to the trust fund. Exh.49 the audited account shows so. It is thus clear that three conditions as laid down in para 12 are certainly fulfilled. Similarly the bye laws do not permit the profits to be applied to private purpose or to pay the dividend. In the circumstances it must be held that plaintiff is a charitable trust covered by Section 132(1)(b).{para 10}
12. The illustration as given by the Division Bench would make it clear that the premises which are to be taxed must fetch income to the trust. We have seen that the premises are not let out by defendant No.1 to defendant No.2 or to any third party. The plaintiff cannot therefore be said to be deriving an income from the premises. Building in question is, therefore, exempt from the property tax.
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY(NAGPUR BENCH)
C.L. PANGARKAR, J.
Sant Kanwarram Education & Social Welfare Society & Ors.Vs.Municipal Corporation Of City Of Amravati
Second Appeal No.203 of 2008
Citation: 2008(6) ALL MR 384
JUDGMENT :- This Second Appeal is being heard finally with the consent of the parties.
2. Original plaintiff has preferred this Second Appeal since the first appellate Court had set aside the judgment and decree passed in favour of the present appellants/plaintiffs.
3. Facts giving rise to the appeal are as follows :
Plaintiff is a Public Charitable Trust. The main object of the said Trust is to impart education and to protect the interest of the minority community. Plaintiff submits that the activities of the plaintiff No.1 are educational and charitable, on no profit no loss basis. Plaintiffs No.3 to 14 are the trustees. The plaintiff No.1 owns the suit premises. The plaintiff No.1 runs a school known as Sant Kanwarram Vidyalaya in the said premises. The plaintiff No.1 submits that being a charitable trust it has obtained a certificate for exemption from payment of the income tax. Plaintiffs further contend that since the plaintiffs is a charitable trust and the premises are being used by the plaintiffs for running a school they should be exempt from payment of property tax under Section 132(1)(b) of Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act. Plaintiffs had submitted a representation to the Municipal Corporation for granting such exemption but the same came to be rejected. Hence this suit for declaration that the plaintiff is exempted from payment of property tax under Section 132(1)(b).
4. Defendant Municipal Corporation resisted the claim of the plaintiffs and contended that in view of the provisions contained in Section 406 this suit is not maintainable. The main contention of the defendant is that plaintiff is receiving Rs.4,400/- P. M. as rent from the Government on the basis of the certificate issued by the P.W.D. Department and the plaintiff is also charging fees from the students, as such it is not entitled to exemption under Section 132(1)(b).
5. The learned Judge of the trial Court framed issues and found that the plaintiffs were entitled to exemption under Section 132(1)(b) and the case did not fall under Section 132(2)(b). Holding so learned Judge of the trial Court decreed the suit. The defendant Municipal Corporation preferred an appeal before the District Judge. Adhoc Additional District judge however found that the plaintiff was not entitled to any exemption at all and therefore allowed the appeal and dismissed the suit. Being aggrieved by that this appeal has been preferred.
6. Upon submissions made by the learned counsel for the appellant as well as respondent the following substantial question of law is raised :
"Whether the plaintiff-trust is exempted under Section 132(1)(b) of Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation Act from payment of property tax or is it liable under Section 132(2)(b) to pay the tax ?"
7. I have heard the learned counsel for the appellants and the respondent.
8. We have seen that the learned Judge of the trial Court has found that plaintiff is a charitable trust which is governed by Section 132(1)(b) and is therefore exempt from payment of property tax, while the learned Additional District Judge holds that the plaintiff is covered by Section 132(2)(b) and therefore not entitled to any exemption.
9. Learned counsel for the respondents seeks to justify the view taken by the first appellate Court on the ground that plaintiff No.2-school receives rent from the Government and that rent is transferred to the account of the plaintiff No.1 Trust. He submits that therefore it can certainly be said that plaintiff derives rent in respect of the suit premises. Before dilating further it could be necessary to reproduce the concerned Section here. Section 132 of Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act reads thus :
"132.(1) The general tax shall be levied in respect of all buildings and lands in the City except-
[a] buildings and lands solely used for purposes connected with the disposal of the dead;
[b] buildings and lands or portions thereof solely occupied and used for public worship or for a public charitable purpose;
[c] buildings and lands vesting in the [Government] used solely for public purposes and not used or intended to be used for purposes of trade or profit or vesting in the Corporation, in respect of which the said tax, if levied, would under the provisions hereinafter contained be primarily leviable from the [Government] or the Corporation, respectively.
(2) The following buildings and lands or portions thereof shall not be deemed to be solely occupied and used for public worship or for a public charitable purpose within the meaning of clause (b) of sub-section (1), namely :-
[a] buildings or lands or portions thereof in which any trade or business is carried on; and
[b] buildings or lands or portions thereof in respect of which rent is derived whether such rent is or is not applied solely to religious or charitable purposes.
(3) Where any portion of any building or land is exempt from the general tax by reasons of its being solely occupied and used for public worship or for a public charitable purpose such portion shall be deemed to be a separate property for the purpose of municipal taxation."
In fact there cannot be any doubt that the plaintiff is covered by Section 132(1)(b). In fact to my mind every charitable institution or trust would be covered by Section 132(1)(b). The question is whether certain property of charitable trust falls out of the exemption clause. If it does not fall under Section 132(2)(b) it is certainly exempt.
10. Plaintiff is a public charitable trust and runs a school. Supreme Court in the decision reported in Municipal Corporation of Delhi Vs. Children Book Trust With Safdarjung Enclave Education Society Vs. Municipal Corporation of Delhi, (1992)3 Supreme Court Cases 390, dealing with similar question has observed as follows :
"12. Education per se is a charitable purpose. Therefore, even if the school charges a fee, that would be irrelevant. The society must satisfy the following conditions:
(i) That is supported by voluntary contributions;
(ii) applies its own income to promote its objects; and
(iii) it does not pay dividend to any other members.
Two classes or societies could be thought of :
(i) Where members receive full value for their contribution.
(ii) Society for private gain.
For the application of Section 115(4) two tests are :
(i) In relation to explanation education per se charity.
(ii) In relation to the proviso, distributive in nature.
25. Where the bye-laws of a society permit application of profits for private purpose or payment of dividend to its members that undoubtedly would be disqualified from claiming exemption. As laid down in Girls' Public Day School Trust Ltd. V. Minister of Town and Country the object of the proviso when it insists on support by voluntary contribution wholly or in part, is to disqualify mutual benefit societies. Voluntary contributions would, therefore, mean contributions other than those made by beneficiaries of the services. Reliance is placed on Overseers of the Proof and Chapelwarden of the Royal Precinct of the Savoy in the County of London V. Art Union of London and Institution of Mechanical Engineers V. Cane (Valuation Officer) The last submission of the learned counsel is, the expression 'support' does not, in any manner, connote sustenance otherwise it would not make even partial support qualify for exemption. The word "support", therefore, must mean which enriches the society itself or relieves it of a burden or furthers its objects or powers as laid down in Cane (Valuation Officer) V. Royal College of Music. Thus it is submitted that the approach of the high Court is incorrect and warrants interference.
32. The argument, that the transfer of funds to the society by the school can be regarded as voluntary contribution received by the society, is wrong. The Delhi School Education Act does not create the school into a specific juristic entity different from the society. The Act only males regulations in the matter of running the school and the service conditions of the employees. Indeed, the Act itself imposes a condition that the school must be run by a society or a body under Rule 50. Further the Managing Committee of the school shall act under the control and supervision of the society which runs the school. Consequently, if the funds of the school were transferred to the society, it would only amount to transfer of funds from one account to another, both under the control of the same society."
Plaintiffs, we have seen are running a school and it is in respect of this school that exemption is sought by the trust. Supreme Court even observed that even if a school charges fees that would be irrelevant and trust would continue to be a charitable trust, as long as it applies the profits received, for the charitable purpose, and does not divide it or pay it to the members. Plaintiffs have placed on record the accounts of the Audited Reports for the year ending 31/03/1992, 31/03/1993 and 31/03/1995. Those audited accounts certainly go to show that any surplus of that particular year was transferred to the trust fund. Exh.49 the audited account shows so. It is thus clear that three conditions as laid down in para 12 are certainly fulfilled. Similarly the bye laws do not permit the profits to be applied to private purpose or to pay the dividend. In the circumstances it must be held that plaintiff is a charitable trust covered by Section 132(1)(b).
11. This takes me to consider now if the school building as such is a building covered by Section 133(2)(b). According to Mr. Pathan learned counsel for the respondent, school is receiving the grant-in-aid as well as rent from the Government which is transferred to the trust fund. He submits that school building is therefore a building which derives income and therefore falls under Section 132(2)(b). P.W.1 does admit that the Government pays some amount towards rent to the school along with grant-in-aid. This amount which is paid by Government cannot be treated as a rent in the strict sense and also for the purpose of the Act. The premises are not let out to Government and Government is not paying that amount as a premium, to the school or the Society. Government providing a sum of Rs.4,000/- towards rent is nothing but an aid to a grant-in-aid school. Whenever a school receives a grant as such, it cannot be treated as a source of income as such said grant is given for the proper upkeep of the building and nothing more than that. Any building owned by the charitable trust would fall under Section 132(2)(b) only if the charitable trust lets out that part of the building to a third person and receives rent as a premium for such letting out of the premises. A bare reading of Section 132(2)(b) would make it clear that the trust must derive the rent as an income from such letting. There is no letting of the building by plaintiff No.1 to plaintiff No.2 nor there is such a letting to a third person and the amount that is received by the plaintiff No.2 is not by way of premium for letting out. This Court had an occasion to interpret Sections 132(1)(b) and 132(2)(b). This Court in Balkrishna Vora (Plaintiff) Vs. Poona Municipal Corporation (Defendant), 1963 Maharashtra Law Journal 325, observed as follows :
"5. It is argued that the plaintiffs recover rent from the occupants of the Sanatorium, and, therefore, a general tax must be levied under section 132 of the Act. The actual words used in the section, therefore, fall to be considered. The section is as follows :-
"(1) The general tax shall be levied in respect of all buildings and lands in the City except-
(b) buildings and lands or portions thereof solely occupied and used for public worship or for a public charitable purpose;
(2) The following buildings and lands or portions thereof shall not be deemed to be solely occupied and used for public worship or for a public charitable purpose, namely-
(b) buildings or lands or portions thereof in respect of which rent is derived, whether such rent is or is not applied solely to religious or charitable purposes."
The real dispute centres round sub-clause (b) of sub-section (2) and the question is whether the properties fall within the category of those for which "rent is derived, whether such rent is or is not applied solely to religious or charitable purposes". The intention of the Legislature is to distinguish between two kinds of properties even though it might appear that the properties are being applied to charitable purposes. Clause (b) of sub-section 1 exempts buildings or lands which are solely occupied for the purpose, and an exemption is created to that clause by sub-clause (b) of sub-section (2) in cases where rent is recovered but which rent is used for the purposes of some charitable purpose, the difference being that in the first case the land or building is directly applied for a charitable purpose or for worship, while in the second case the property is indirectly applied for the worship or charitable purposes. This can be well illustrated by taking one or two concrete examples. In the case of the temple which is used for public worship and for housing the deity, the temple is clearly used directly for the public purposes. Supposing, however, that some shops are attached to the temple which are given to shop-keepers who pay rent and such rent is applied for the use of the temple. The shops, in such a case, the income of which is used for the religious purpose, would fall within clause (b) of sub-section (2) and would be liable to tax. But if instead of the premises being shops, if they are Dharamshala rooms were visitors are given shelter without any charges, or such nominal charges as are necessary for the up keep of the buildings, then they would fall within clause (b) of sub-section (1) and would not be liable to tax. To take another case, suppose an educational institution has got some property under its control which is being rented and the income derived from the rents is utilised for its purposes. In this case again, the property is not directly applied to the public purpose but only its income, that is, the property is indirectly applied for the public purpose, and, therefore, will fall within clause (b) of sub-section (2). The question, therefore, in each case that must be considered is whether the lands or buildings are directly applied for worship or for charitable purpose. It is to this question, therefore, that we must address ourselves."
12. The illustration as given by the Division Bench would make it clear that the premises which are to be taxed must fetch income to the trust. We have seen that the premises are not let out by defendant No.1 to defendant No.2 or to any third party. The plaintiff cannot therefore be said to be deriving an income from the premises. Building in question is, therefore, exempt from the property tax. I would, therefore, concur with the findings recorded by the Judge of the trial Court and set aside the findings recorded by the first appellate Court. The appeal is, therefore, allowed. Judgment and decree of the first appellate Court is set aside and that of the trial Court restored. No order as to costs.
Appeal allowed.
Labels: bombay high court, general tax, municipal corporation, property tax, S 132(1)(b) of BPMC Act

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
import raindrops

def test_est_divisible_par_3():
    assert True == raindrops.est_divisible_par_3(3)
    assert True == raindrops.est_divisible_par_3(15)
    assert True == raindrops.est_divisible_par_3(21)
    assert False == raindrops.est_divisible_par_3(5)
    assert False == raindrops.est_divisible_par_3(14)
    assert False == raindrops.est_divisible_par_3(25)
    assert False == raindrops.est_divisible_par_3(35)

def test_est_divisible_par_5():
    assert True == raindrops.est_divisible_par_5(100)
    assert True == raindrops.est_divisible_par_5(25)
    assert True == raindrops.est_divisible_par_5(30)
    assert True == raindrops.est_divisible_par_5(35)
    assert False == raindrops.est_divisible_par_5(8)
    assert False == raindrops.est_divisible_par_5(14)
    assert False == raindrops.est_divisible_par_5(54)

def test_est_divisible_par_7():
    assert True == raindrops.est_divisible_par_7(7)
    assert True == raindrops.est_divisible_par_7(14)
    assert True == raindrops.est_divisible_par_7(21)
    assert True == raindrops.est_divisible_par_7(35)
    assert False == raindrops.est_divisible_par_7(8)
    assert False == raindrops.est_divisible_par_7(15)
    assert False == raindrops.est_divisible_par_7(9)

def test_pling():
    assert "Pling" == raindrops.convertir(3)
    assert "Pling" == raindrops.convertir(9)
    assert "Pling" == raindrops.convertir(27)

def test_plang():
    assert "Plang" == raindrops.convertir(5)
    assert "Plang" == raindrops.convertir(25)

def test_plong():
    assert "Plong" == raindrops.convertir(7)
    assert "Plong" == raindrops.convertir(14)
    assert "Plong" == raindrops.convertir(28)

def test_plingplangplong():
    assert "PlingPlang" == raindrops.convertir(15)
    assert "PlingPlang" == raindrops.convertir(30)
    assert "PlingPlong" == raindrops.convertir(21)
    assert "PlangPlong" == raindrops.convertir(35)
    assert "PlingPlangPlong" == raindrops.convertir(3*5*7)
    assert "PlingPlangPlong" == raindrops.convertir(2*3*5*7*11)

def test_juste_un_nombre():
    assert "2" == raindrops.convertir(2)
    assert "4" == raindrops.convertir(4)
    assert "11" == raindrops.convertir(11)
    assert "13" == raindrops.convertir(13)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
// Copyright (c) 2010-2014 SharpDX - Alexandre Mutel
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace CrowEngine.Mathematics
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Represents a 32-bit color (4 bytes) in the form of BGRA (in byte order: B, G, B, A).
	/// </summary>
	[StructLayout ( LayoutKind.Sequential, Size = 4 )]
	public partial struct ColorBGRA : IEquatable<ColorBGRA>, IFormattable
	{
		private const float toFloat = 1f / 255f;
		private const string toStringFormat = "A:{0} R:{1} G:{2} B:{3}";

		/// <summary>
		/// The blue component of the color.
		/// </summary>
		public byte B;

		/// <summary>
		/// The green component of the color.
		/// </summary>
		public byte G;

		/// <summary>
		/// The red component of the color.
		/// </summary>
		public byte R;

		/// <summary>
		/// The alpha component of the color.
		/// </summary>
		public byte A;

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> struct.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value that will be assigned to all components.</param>
		public ColorBGRA ( byte value )
		{
			A = R = G = B = value;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> struct.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value that will be assigned to all components.</param>
		public ColorBGRA ( float value )
		{
			A = R = G = B = ToByte ( value );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> struct.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="red">The red component of the color.</param>
		/// <param name="green">The green component of the color.</param>
		/// <param name="blue">The blue component of the color.</param>
		/// <param name="alpha">The alpha component of the color.</param>
		public ColorBGRA ( byte red, byte green, byte blue, byte alpha )
		{
			R = red;
			G = green;
			B = blue;
			A = alpha;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> struct.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="red">The red component of the color.</param>
		/// <param name="green">The green component of the color.</param>
		/// <param name="blue">The blue component of the color.</param>
		/// <param name="alpha">The alpha component of the color.</param>
		public ColorBGRA ( float red, float green, float blue, float alpha )
		{
			R = ToByte ( red );
			G = ToByte ( green );
			B = ToByte ( blue );
			A = ToByte ( alpha );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> struct.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The red, green, blue, and alpha components of the color.</param>
		public ColorBGRA ( Vector4 value )
		{
			R = ToByte ( value.X );
			G = ToByte ( value.Y );
			B = ToByte ( value.Z );
			A = ToByte ( value.W );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> struct.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The red, green, and blue components of the color.</param>
		/// <param name="alpha">The alpha component of the color.</param>
		public ColorBGRA ( Vector3 value, float alpha )
		{
			R = ToByte ( value.X );
			G = ToByte ( value.Y );
			B = ToByte ( value.Z );
			A = ToByte ( alpha );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> struct.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="bgra">A packed integer containing all four color components in BGRA order.</param>
		public ColorBGRA ( uint bgra )
		{
			A = (byte)((bgra >> 24) & 255);
			R = (byte)((bgra >> 16) & 255);
			G = (byte)((bgra >> 8) & 255);
			B = (byte)(bgra & 255);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> struct.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="bgra">A packed integer containing all four color components in BGRA.</param>
		public ColorBGRA ( int bgra )
		{
			A = (byte)((bgra >> 24) & 255);
			R = (byte)((bgra >> 16) & 255);
			G = (byte)((bgra >> 8) & 255);
			B = (byte)(bgra & 255);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> struct.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="values">The values to assign to the red, green, and blue, alpha components of the color. This must be an array with four elements.</param>
		/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown when <paramref name="values"/> is <c>null</c>.</exception>
		/// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Thrown when <paramref name="values"/> contains more or less than four elements.</exception>
		public ColorBGRA ( float[] values )
		{
			if ( values == null )
				throw new ArgumentNullException ( "values" );
			if ( values.Length != 4 )
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ( "values", "There must be four and only four input values for ColorBGRA." );

			B = ToByte ( values[0] );
			G = ToByte ( values[1] );
			R = ToByte ( values[2] );
			A = ToByte ( values[3] );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> struct.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="values">The values to assign to the red, green, and blue, alpha components of the color. This must be an array with four elements.</param>
		/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown when <paramref name="values"/> is <c>null</c>.</exception>
		/// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Thrown when <paramref name="values"/> contains more or less than four elements.</exception>
		public ColorBGRA ( byte[] values )
		{
			if ( values == null )
				throw new ArgumentNullException ( "values" );
			if ( values.Length != 4 )
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ( "values", "There must be four and only four input values for ColorBGRA." );

			B = values[0];
			G = values[1];
			R = values[2];
			A = values[3];
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets or sets the component at the specified index.
		/// </summary>
		/// <value>The value of the alpha, red, green, or blue component, depending on the index.</value>
		/// <param name="index">The index of the component to access. Use 0 for the alpha component, 1 for the red component, 2 for the green component, and 3 for the blue component.</param>
		/// <returns>The value of the component at the specified index.</returns>
		/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">Thrown when the <paramref name="index"/> is out of the range [0, 3].</exception>
		public byte this[int index]
		{
			get
			{
				switch ( index )
				{
					case 0: return B;
					case 1: return G;
					case 2: return R;
					case 3: return A;
				}

				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ( "index", "Indices for ColorBGRA run from 0 to 3, inclusive." );
			}

			set
			{
				switch ( index )
				{
					case 0: B = value; break;
					case 1: G = value; break;
					case 2: R = value; break;
					case 3: A = value; break;
					default: throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ( "index", "Indices for ColorBGRA run from 0 to 3, inclusive." );
				}
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Converts the color into a packed integer.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>A packed integer containing all four color components.</returns>
		public int ToBgra ()
		{
			int value = B;
			value |= G << 8;
			value |= R << 16;
			value |= A << 24;

			return (int)value;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Converts the color into a packed integer.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>A packed integer containing all four color components.</returns>
		public int ToRgba ()
		{
			int value = R;
			value |= G << 8;
			value |= B << 16;
			value |= A << 24;

			return (int)value;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Converts the color into a three component vector.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>A three component vector containing the red, green, and blue components of the color.</returns>
		public Vector3 ToVector3 ()
		{
			return new Vector3 ( R * toFloat, G * toFloat, B * toFloat );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Converts the color into a three component color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>A three component color containing the red, green, and blue components of the color.</returns>
		public Color3 ToColor3 ()
		{
			return new Color3 ( R * toFloat, G * toFloat, B * toFloat );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Converts the color into a four component vector.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>A four component vector containing all four color components.</returns>
		public Vector4 ToVector4 ()
		{
			return new Vector4 ( R * toFloat, G * toFloat, B * toFloat, A * toFloat );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Creates an array containing the elements of the color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>A four-element array containing the components of the color in BGRA order.</returns>
		public byte[] ToArray ()
		{
			return new[] { B, G, R, A };
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets the brightness.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The Hue-Saturation-Brightness (HSB) saturation for this <see cref="Color"/></returns>
		public float GetBrightness ()
		{
			float r = (float)R * toFloat;
			float g = (float)G * toFloat;
			float b = (float)B * toFloat;

			float max, min;

			max = r; min = r;

			if ( g > max ) max = g;
			if ( b > max ) max = b;

			if ( g < min ) min = g;
			if ( b < min ) min = b;

			return (max + min) * 0.5f;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets the hue.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The Hue-Saturation-Brightness (HSB) saturation for this <see cref="Color"/></returns>
		public float GetHue ()
		{
			if ( R == G && G == B )
				return 0; // 0 makes as good an UNDEFINED value as any

			float r = (float)R * toFloat;
			float g = (float)G * toFloat;
			float b = (float)B * toFloat;

			float max, min;
			float delta;
			float hue = 0.0f;

			max = r; min = r;

			if ( g > max ) max = g;
			if ( b > max ) max = b;

			if ( g < min ) min = g;
			if ( b < min ) min = b;

			delta = max - min;

			if ( r == max )
			{
				hue = (g - b) / delta;
			}
			else if ( g == max )
			{
				hue = 2 + (b - r) / delta;
			}
			else if ( b == max )
			{
				hue = 4 + (r - g) / delta;
			}
			hue *= 60;

			if ( hue < 0.0f )
			{
				hue += 360.0f;
			}
			return hue;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets the saturation.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The Hue-Saturation-Brightness (HSB) saturation for this <see cref="Color"/></returns>
		public float GetSaturation ()
		{
			float r = (float)R * toFloat;
			float g = (float)G * toFloat;
			float b = (float)B * toFloat;

			float max, min;
			float l, s = 0;

			max = r; min = r;

			if ( g > max ) max = g;
			if ( b > max ) max = b;

			if ( g < min ) min = g;
			if ( b < min ) min = b;

			// if max == min, then there is no color and
			// the saturation is zero.
			//
			if ( max != min )
			{
				l = (max + min) * 0.5f;

				if ( l <= .5 )
				{
					s = (max - min) / (max + min);
				}
				else
				{
					s = (max - min) / (2 - max - min);
				}
			}
			return s;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Converts the color from a packed BGRA integer.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="color">A packed integer containing all four color components in BGRA order</param>
		/// <returns>A color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA FromBgra ( int color )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( color );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Converts the color from a packed BGRA integer.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="color">A packed integer containing all four color components in BGRA order</param>
		/// <returns>A color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA FromBgra ( uint color )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( color );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Converts the color from a packed RGBA integer.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="color">A packed integer containing all four color components in RGBA order</param>
		/// <returns>A color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA FromRgba ( int color )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( (byte)(color & 255), (byte)((color >> 8) & 255), (byte)((color >> 16) & 255), (byte)((color >> 24) & 255) );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Converts the color from a packed RGBA integer.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="color">A packed integer containing all four color components in RGBA order</param>
		/// <returns>A color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA FromRgba ( uint color )
		{
			return FromRgba ( unchecked ( (int)color ) );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Adds two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first color to add.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second color to add.</param>
		/// <param name="result">When the method completes, completes the sum of the two colors.</param>
		public static void Add ( ref ColorBGRA left, ref ColorBGRA right, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			result.A = (byte)(left.A + right.A);
			result.R = (byte)(left.R + right.R);
			result.G = (byte)(left.G + right.G);
			result.B = (byte)(left.B + right.B);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Adds two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first color to add.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second color to add.</param>
		/// <returns>The sum of the two colors.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA Add ( ColorBGRA left, ColorBGRA right )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( left.R + right.R, left.G + right.G, left.B + right.B, left.A + right.A );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Subtracts two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first color to subtract.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second color to subtract.</param>
		/// <param name="result">WHen the method completes, contains the difference of the two colors.</param>
		public static void Subtract ( ref ColorBGRA left, ref ColorBGRA right, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			result.A = (byte)(left.A - right.A);
			result.R = (byte)(left.R - right.R);
			result.G = (byte)(left.G - right.G);
			result.B = (byte)(left.B - right.B);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Subtracts two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first color to subtract.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second color to subtract</param>
		/// <returns>The difference of the two colors.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA Subtract ( ColorBGRA left, ColorBGRA right )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( left.R - right.R, left.G - right.G, left.B - right.B, left.A - right.A );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Modulates two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first color to modulate.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second color to modulate.</param>
		/// <param name="result">When the method completes, contains the modulated color.</param>
		public static void Modulate ( ref ColorBGRA left, ref ColorBGRA right, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			result.A = (byte)(left.A * right.A * toFloat);
			result.R = (byte)(left.R * right.R * toFloat);
			result.G = (byte)(left.G * right.G * toFloat);
			result.B = (byte)(left.B * right.B * toFloat);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Modulates two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first color to modulate.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second color to modulate.</param>
		/// <returns>The modulated color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA Modulate ( ColorBGRA left, ColorBGRA right )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( (left.R * right.R) >> 8, (left.G * right.G) >> 8, (left.B * right.B) >> 8, (left.A * right.A) >> 8 );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Scales a color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The color to scale.</param>
		/// <param name="scale">The amount by which to scale.</param>
		/// <param name="result">When the method completes, contains the scaled color.</param>
		public static void Scale ( ref ColorBGRA value, float scale, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			result.A = (byte)(value.A * scale);
			result.R = (byte)(value.R * scale);
			result.G = (byte)(value.G * scale);
			result.B = (byte)(value.B * scale);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Scales a color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The color to scale.</param>
		/// <param name="scale">The amount by which to scale.</param>
		/// <returns>The scaled color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA Scale ( ColorBGRA value, float scale )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( (byte)(value.R * scale), (byte)(value.G * scale), (byte)(value.B * scale), (byte)(value.A * scale) );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Negates a color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The color to negate.</param>
		/// <param name="result">When the method completes, contains the negated color.</param>
		public static void Negate ( ref ColorBGRA value, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			result.A = (byte)(255 - value.A);
			result.R = (byte)(255 - value.R);
			result.G = (byte)(255 - value.G);
			result.B = (byte)(255 - value.B);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Negates a color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The color to negate.</param>
		/// <returns>The negated color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA Negate ( ColorBGRA value )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( 255 - value.R, 255 - value.G, 255 - value.B, 255 - value.A );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Restricts a value to be within a specified range.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value to clamp.</param>
		/// <param name="min">The minimum value.</param>
		/// <param name="max">The maximum value.</param>
		/// <param name="result">When the method completes, contains the clamped value.</param>
		public static void Clamp ( ref ColorBGRA value, ref ColorBGRA min, ref ColorBGRA max, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			byte alpha = value.A;
			alpha = (alpha > max.A) ? max.A : alpha;
			alpha = (alpha < min.A) ? min.A : alpha;

			byte red = value.R;
			red = (red > max.R) ? max.R : red;
			red = (red < min.R) ? min.R : red;

			byte green = value.G;
			green = (green > max.G) ? max.G : green;
			green = (green < min.G) ? min.G : green;

			byte blue = value.B;
			blue = (blue > max.B) ? max.B : blue;
			blue = (blue < min.B) ? min.B : blue;

			result = new ColorBGRA ( red, green, blue, alpha );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Restricts a value to be within a specified range.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value to clamp.</param>
		/// <param name="min">The minimum value.</param>
		/// <param name="max">The maximum value.</param>
		/// <returns>The clamped value.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA Clamp ( ColorBGRA value, ColorBGRA min, ColorBGRA max )
		{
			ColorBGRA result;
			Clamp ( ref value, ref min, ref max, out result );
			return result;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs a linear interpolation between two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="start">Start color.</param>
		/// <param name="end">End color.</param>
		/// <param name="amount">Value between 0 and 1 indicating the weight of <paramref name="end"/>.</param>
		/// <param name="result">When the method completes, contains the linear interpolation of the two colors.</param>
		/// <remarks>
		/// Passing <paramref name="amount"/> a value of 0 will cause <paramref name="start"/> to be returned; a value of 1 will cause <paramref name="end"/> to be returned.
		/// </remarks>
		public static void Lerp ( ref ColorBGRA start, ref ColorBGRA end, float amount, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			result.B = MathUtil.Lerp ( start.B, end.B, amount );
			result.G = MathUtil.Lerp ( start.G, end.G, amount );
			result.R = MathUtil.Lerp ( start.R, end.R, amount );
			result.A = MathUtil.Lerp ( start.A, end.A, amount );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs a linear interpolation between two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="start">Start color.</param>
		/// <param name="end">End color.</param>
		/// <param name="amount">Value between 0 and 1 indicating the weight of <paramref name="end"/>.</param>
		/// <returns>The linear interpolation of the two colors.</returns>
		/// <remarks>
		/// Passing <paramref name="amount"/> a value of 0 will cause <paramref name="start"/> to be returned; a value of 1 will cause <paramref name="end"/> to be returned.
		/// </remarks>
		public static ColorBGRA Lerp ( ColorBGRA start, ColorBGRA end, float amount )
		{
			ColorBGRA result;
			Lerp ( ref start, ref end, amount, out result );
			return result;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs a cubic interpolation between two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="start">Start color.</param>
		/// <param name="end">End color.</param>
		/// <param name="amount">Value between 0 and 1 indicating the weight of <paramref name="end"/>.</param>
		/// <param name="result">When the method completes, contains the cubic interpolation of the two colors.</param>
		public static void SmoothStep ( ref ColorBGRA start, ref ColorBGRA end, float amount, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			amount = MathUtil.SmoothStep ( amount );
			Lerp ( ref start, ref end, amount, out result );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs a cubic interpolation between two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="start">Start color.</param>
		/// <param name="end">End color.</param>
		/// <param name="amount">Value between 0 and 1 indicating the weight of <paramref name="end"/>.</param>
		/// <returns>The cubic interpolation of the two colors.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA SmoothStep ( ColorBGRA start, ColorBGRA end, float amount )
		{
			ColorBGRA result;
			SmoothStep ( ref start, ref end, amount, out result );
			return result;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a color containing the smallest components of the specified colorss.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first source color.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second source color.</param>
		/// <param name="result">When the method completes, contains an new color composed of the largest components of the source colorss.</param>
		public static void Max ( ref ColorBGRA left, ref ColorBGRA right, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			result.A = (left.A > right.A) ? left.A : right.A;
			result.R = (left.R > right.R) ? left.R : right.R;
			result.G = (left.G > right.G) ? left.G : right.G;
			result.B = (left.B > right.B) ? left.B : right.B;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a color containing the largest components of the specified colorss.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first source color.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second source color.</param>
		/// <returns>A color containing the largest components of the source colors.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA Max ( ColorBGRA left, ColorBGRA right )
		{
			ColorBGRA result;
			Max ( ref left, ref right, out result );
			return result;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a color containing the smallest components of the specified colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first source color.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second source color.</param>
		/// <param name="result">When the method completes, contains an new color composed of the smallest components of the source colors.</param>
		public static void Min ( ref ColorBGRA left, ref ColorBGRA right, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			result.A = (left.A < right.A) ? left.A : right.A;
			result.R = (left.R < right.R) ? left.R : right.R;
			result.G = (left.G < right.G) ? left.G : right.G;
			result.B = (left.B < right.B) ? left.B : right.B;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a color containing the smallest components of the specified colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first source color.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second source color.</param>
		/// <returns>A color containing the smallest components of the source colors.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA Min ( ColorBGRA left, ColorBGRA right )
		{
			ColorBGRA result;
			Min ( ref left, ref right, out result );
			return result;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Adjusts the contrast of a color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The color whose contrast is to be adjusted.</param>
		/// <param name="contrast">The amount by which to adjust the contrast.</param>
		/// <param name="result">When the method completes, contains the adjusted color.</param>
		public static void AdjustContrast ( ref ColorBGRA value, float contrast, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			result.A = value.A;
			result.R = ToByte ( 0.5f + contrast * (value.R * toFloat - 0.5f) );
			result.G = ToByte ( 0.5f + contrast * (value.G * toFloat - 0.5f) );
			result.B = ToByte ( 0.5f + contrast * (value.B * toFloat - 0.5f) );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Adjusts the contrast of a color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The color whose contrast is to be adjusted.</param>
		/// <param name="contrast">The amount by which to adjust the contrast.</param>
		/// <returns>The adjusted color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA AdjustContrast ( ColorBGRA value, float contrast )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA (
				 ToByte ( 0.5f + contrast * (value.R * toFloat - 0.5f) ),
				 ToByte ( 0.5f + contrast * (value.G * toFloat - 0.5f) ),
				 ToByte ( 0.5f + contrast * (value.B * toFloat - 0.5f) ),
				 value.A );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Adjusts the saturation of a color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The color whose saturation is to be adjusted.</param>
		/// <param name="saturation">The amount by which to adjust the saturation.</param>
		/// <param name="result">When the method completes, contains the adjusted color.</param>
		public static void AdjustSaturation ( ref ColorBGRA value, float saturation, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			float grey = value.R * toFloat * 0.2125f + value.G * toFloat * 0.7154f + value.B * toFloat * 0.0721f;

			result.A = value.A;
			result.R = ToByte ( grey + saturation * (value.R * toFloat - grey) );
			result.G = ToByte ( grey + saturation * (value.G * toFloat - grey) );
			result.B = ToByte ( grey + saturation * (value.B * toFloat - grey) );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Adjusts the saturation of a color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The color whose saturation is to be adjusted.</param>
		/// <param name="saturation">The amount by which to adjust the saturation.</param>
		/// <returns>The adjusted color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA AdjustSaturation ( ColorBGRA value, float saturation )
		{
			float grey = value.R * toFloat * 0.2125f + value.G * toFloat * 0.7154f + value.B * toFloat * 0.0721f;

			return new ColorBGRA (
				 ToByte ( grey + saturation * (value.R * toFloat - grey) ),
				 ToByte ( grey + saturation * (value.G * toFloat - grey) ),
				 ToByte ( grey + saturation * (value.B * toFloat - grey) ),
				 value.A );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Computes the premultiplied value of the provided color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The non-premultiplied value.</param>
		/// <param name="result">The premultiplied result.</param>
		public static void Premultiply ( ref ColorBGRA value, out ColorBGRA result )
		{
			var a = value.A / (255f * 255f);
			result.A = value.A;
			result.R = ToByte ( value.R * a );
			result.G = ToByte ( value.G * a );
			result.B = ToByte ( value.B * a );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Computes the premultiplied value of the provided color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The non-premultiplied value.</param>
		/// <returns>The premultiplied result.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA Premultiply ( ColorBGRA value )
		{
			ColorBGRA result;
			Premultiply ( ref value, out result );
			return result;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Adds two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first color to add.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second color to add.</param>
		/// <returns>The sum of the two colors.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA operator + ( ColorBGRA left, ColorBGRA right )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( left.R + right.R, left.G + right.G, left.B + right.B, left.A + right.A );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Assert a color (return it unchanged).
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The color to assert (unchange).</param>
		/// <returns>The asserted (unchanged) color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA operator + ( ColorBGRA value )
		{
			return value;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Subtracts two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first color to subtract.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second color to subtract.</param>
		/// <returns>The difference of the two colors.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA operator - ( ColorBGRA left, ColorBGRA right )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( left.R - right.R, left.G - right.G, left.B - right.B, left.A - right.A );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Negates a color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The color to negate.</param>
		/// <returns>A negated color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA operator - ( ColorBGRA value )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( -value.R, -value.G, -value.B, -value.A );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Scales a color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="scale">The factor by which to scale the color.</param>
		/// <param name="value">The color to scale.</param>
		/// <returns>The scaled color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA operator * ( float scale, ColorBGRA value )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( (byte)(value.R * scale), (byte)(value.G * scale), (byte)(value.B * scale), (byte)(value.A * scale) );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Scales a color.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The factor by which to scale the color.</param>
		/// <param name="scale">The color to scale.</param>
		/// <returns>The scaled color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA operator * ( ColorBGRA value, float scale )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( (byte)(value.R * scale), (byte)(value.G * scale), (byte)(value.B * scale), (byte)(value.A * scale) );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Modulates two colors.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first color to modulate.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second color to modulate.</param>
		/// <returns>The modulated color.</returns>
		public static ColorBGRA operator * ( ColorBGRA left, ColorBGRA right )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( (byte)(left.R * right.R * toFloat), (byte)(left.G * right.G * toFloat), (byte)(left.B * right.B * toFloat), (byte)(left.A * right.A * toFloat) );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Tests for equality between two objects.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first value to compare.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second value to compare.</param>
		/// <returns><c>true</c> if <paramref name="left"/> has the same value as <paramref name="right"/>; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
		public static bool operator == ( ColorBGRA left, ColorBGRA right )
		{
			return left.Equals ( right );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Tests for inequality between two objects.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first value to compare.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second value to compare.</param>
		/// <returns><c>true</c> if <paramref name="left"/> has a different value than <paramref name="right"/>; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
		public static bool operator != ( ColorBGRA left, ColorBGRA right )
		{
			return !left.Equals ( right );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> to <see cref="Color3"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
		/// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
		public static explicit operator Color3 ( ColorBGRA value )
		{
			return new Color3 ( value.R, value.G, value.B );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> to <see cref="Vector3"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
		/// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
		public static explicit operator Vector3 ( ColorBGRA value )
		{
			return new Vector3 ( value.R * toFloat, value.G * toFloat, value.B * toFloat );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> to <see cref="Vector4"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
		/// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
		public static explicit operator Vector4 ( ColorBGRA value )
		{
			return new Vector4 ( value.R * toFloat, value.G * toFloat, value.B * toFloat, value.A * toFloat );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> to <see cref="Color4"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
		/// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
		public static explicit operator Color4 ( ColorBGRA value )
		{
			return new Color4 ( value.R * toFloat, value.G * toFloat, value.B * toFloat, value.A * toFloat );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="Vector3"/> to <see cref="ColorBGRA"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
		/// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
		public static explicit operator ColorBGRA ( Vector3 value )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( value.X * toFloat, value.Y * toFloat, value.Z * toFloat, 1.0f );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="Color3"/> to <see cref="ColorBGRA"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
		/// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
		public static explicit operator ColorBGRA ( Color3 value )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( value.Red, value.Green, value.Blue, 1.0f );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="Vector4"/> to <see cref="ColorBGRA"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
		/// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
		public static explicit operator ColorBGRA ( Vector4 value )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( value.X, value.Y, value.Z, value.W );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="Color4"/> to <see cref="ColorBGRA"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
		/// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
		public static explicit operator ColorBGRA ( Color4 value )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( value.Red, value.Green, value.Blue, value.Alpha );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="Color"/> to <see cref="ColorBGRA"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
		/// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
		public static implicit operator ColorBGRA ( Color value )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( value.R, value.G, value.B, value.A );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs an implicit conversion from <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> to <see cref="Color"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
		/// <returns>The result of the conversion.</returns>
		public static implicit operator Color ( ColorBGRA value )
		{
			return new Color ( value.R, value.G, value.B, value.A );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> to <see cref="System.Int32"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
		/// <returns>
		/// The result of the conversion.
		/// </returns>
		public static explicit operator int ( ColorBGRA value )
		{
			return value.ToBgra ();
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Performs an explicit conversion from <see cref="System.Int32"/> to <see cref="ColorBGRA"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The value.</param>
		/// <returns>
		/// The result of the conversion.
		/// </returns>
		public static explicit operator ColorBGRA ( int value )
		{
			return new ColorBGRA ( value );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="System.String"/> that represents this instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>
		/// A <see cref="System.String"/> that represents this instance.
		/// </returns>
		public override string ToString ()
		{
			return ToString ( CultureInfo.CurrentCulture );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="System.String"/> that represents this instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="format">The format to apply to each channel (byte).</param>
		/// <returns>
		/// A <see cref="System.String"/> that represents this instance.
		/// </returns>
		public string ToString ( string format )
		{
			return ToString ( format, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="System.String"/> that represents this instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="formatProvider">The format provider.</param>
		/// <returns>
		/// A <see cref="System.String"/> that represents this instance.
		/// </returns>
		public string ToString ( IFormatProvider formatProvider )
		{
			return string.Format ( formatProvider, toStringFormat, A, R, G, B );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="System.String"/> that represents this instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="format">The format to apply to each channel (byte).</param>
		/// <param name="formatProvider">The format provider.</param>
		/// <returns>
		/// A <see cref="System.String"/> that represents this instance.
		/// </returns>
		public string ToString ( string format, IFormatProvider formatProvider )
		{
			if ( format == null )
				return ToString ( formatProvider );

			return string.Format ( formatProvider,
										toStringFormat,
										A.ToString ( format, formatProvider ),
										R.ToString ( format, formatProvider ),
										G.ToString ( format, formatProvider ),
										B.ToString ( format, formatProvider ) );
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a hash code for this instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>
		/// A hash code for this instance, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table.
		/// </returns>
		public override int GetHashCode ()
		{
			unchecked
			{
				var hashCode = B.GetHashCode ();
				hashCode = (hashCode * 397) ^ G.GetHashCode ();
				hashCode = (hashCode * 397) ^ R.GetHashCode ();
				hashCode = (hashCode * 397) ^ A.GetHashCode ();
				return hashCode;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Determines whether the specified <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> is equal to this instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="other">The <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> to compare with this instance.</param>
		/// <returns>
		/// <c>true</c> if the specified <see cref="ColorBGRA"/> is equal to this instance; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
		/// </returns>
		public bool Equals ( ColorBGRA other )
		{
			return R == other.R && G == other.G && B == other.B && A == other.A;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Determines whether the specified <see cref="System.Object"/> is equal to this instance.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="value">The <see cref="System.Object"/> to compare with this instance.</param>
		/// <returns>
		/// <c>true</c> if the specified <see cref="System.Object"/> is equal to this instance; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
		/// </returns>
		public override bool Equals ( object value )
		{
			if ( value == null )
				return false;

			if ( !ReferenceEquals ( value.GetType (), typeof ( ColorBGRA ) ) )
				return false;

			return Equals ( (ColorBGRA)value );
		}

		private static byte ToByte ( float component )
		{
			var value = (int)(component * 255.0f);
			return (byte)(value < 0 ? 0 : value > 255 ? 255 : value);
		}
	}
}


text:
Aaron Sorkin, long one of Hollywood's premier writers, assumes directorial duties for the first time with "Molly's Game," which he fashioned from the memoir of Molly Bloom, who ran high-stakes poker games that made her rich before she was charged with racketeering and threatened with a long prison term. Sorkin proves as sharp and flashy a director as he is a writer, and he's fortunate to have a strong cast, including Jessica Chastain, for his ensemble. But while glitzy and energetically put together by a trio of editors (Alan Baumgartner, Elliot Graham and Josh Schaeffer), Sorkin's movie ultimately fails to score a winning hand.
That's largely because the basic story isn't all that compelling despite the zest with which Sorkin tells it, especially when it stumbles clumsily into pop psychology. He fashions the narrative overall as an extended flashback arising from the preparations for a "present day" arraignment after her arrest by the feds—Bloom's conversations with her reluctant lawyer Charlie Jaffey (Idris Elba). They in turn trigger her admittedly self-justifying recollections of how things have come to such a head.
In this reconstruction Bloom (played by Jessica Chastain, who narrates much of the tale in the brusque, biting rat-a-tat manner Sorkin favors) is brought up by her demanding, imperious father Larry (Kevin Costner), a psychologist and coach, to be a great skier with an eye on an Olympic medal. Unfortunately, a freak accident ends her career on the slopes, and she flees to California, where she takes a job as assistant to semi-shady real estate guy Dean Keith (Jeremy Strong) who runs a big-money poker game at the Cobra Room (an adjustment from the Viper Room) on the side. There wealthy guys met weekly to put up big bets, chief among them a famous actor, referred to merely as Player X (Michael Cera), whose very presence attracts others to the table. (Though never officially revealed, the actual actor has been identified in some sources as Tobey Maguire.) Bloom learns the trade by serving as overseer-gatekeeper of the games, and eventually takes over the operation from Keith, shifting the locale from the bar to a swanky hotel suite complete with amenities.
The first hour of the film concentrates on this California episode, including subplots about players like Bad Brad (Brian d'Arcy James), who insists on playing despite losing big, and Harlan Eustice (Bill Camp), a good player who loses his cool—and lots of cash—when he's bested in a hand by Brad. It's probable that poker aficionados will appreciate all the card action—which Sorkin and his cinematographer Charlotte Bruus Christensen portray spiffily, sometimes even employing graphic overlays—more than those of us not up on the rules of the game. But happily the script concentrates more on the human side of things, which reaches a boiling point when Player X reveals that he has been manipulating the games to some extent by bankrolling Eustice. When Molly orders him to stop, he uses his clout to seize control of the game and end her profitable business.
That shifts the scene to New York, where Molly employs her varied skills to set up a new game that soon attracts East Coast swells. All goes nicely until she not only begins taking drugs along with money from the operation in illegal ways she'd studiously avoided up to now, but decides to run with a suggestion from a seen-better-days acquaintance (Chris O'Dowd) that she recruit players from the Russian mob. That proves an extremely bad idea, putting her not only in physical peril but in the sights of the feds, who want to pressure her for the goods about her regulars. But she's too much of a stand-up person to turn informant, though it takes a deus ex machine-style intervention from none other than dear old dad to explain why—a misguided "Robebud" moment that drags on and on rather than being disposed of quickly, as Welles did. That leads to a courtroom finale with a judge (Graham Greene) who proves more interested in justice than legal gamesmanship.
"Molly's Game" is on one level a portrait of a strong, resilient woman, and the formidable Chastain certainly plays her as such, spitting out Sorkin's finely-crafted dialogue with the cool intensity it mostly demands, the occasional maudlin moments apart. But ultimately it's not far removed from her performance last year in "Miss Sloan," nor—in the end—is Sorkin's film conspicuously deeper than that one was. Elba's role doesn't provide him with much substance beyond a couple of big Sorkin speeches, but he handles those well. Of the supporting players Costner is a one-note bore, but Cera brings an intriguing undercurrent of venomous meanness to Player X, Camp some pathos to Eustice, and Greene his usual ease to the judge.
One can see what drew Sorkin to Molly Bloom's story. He loves explaining complicated matters in rapid-fire fashion, and it allows him to lay out the complexities of Bloom's poker operation in much the same way as he did those of baseball's draft in "Moneyball" or Facebook in "The Social Network" (or the workings of Washington in "The West Wing," for that matter). It also provided him with a fistful of characters into whose mouths he could insert his hyper-articulate, theatrical dialogue. And as a first-time director, it offered him the opportunity to juggle and juxtapose multiple plot threads, using quick edits and overlaps to show his mastery of the medium—as well as his ability to draw strong work from actors.
In the end, however, the story of Molly Bloom proves a pretty slender reed on which to hang the themes of female empowerment and legal chicanery that he wants to explore. In the end the word game feels just as applicable to Sorkin's movie as to Bloom's business—ultimately the film represents intricacy without much depth and style without much substance.
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