Despite all the recent rain, Princeton Landing is now reaching the high point of the spring season. Our Nature Guide Jon Latimer checks in with an update of what we can see in our surrounding area.
"Plants are leafing out and bulbs are blooming. Most of our summer birds, such as jays, robins, catbirds and orioles, have returned and are establishing nests. In fact, the first broods of Canada Geese have already hatched. You can find parent birds herding up to 10 goslings near the canal or Lake Carnegie.
"This is also peak season for bird species that are passing through, headed for breeding grounds farther north. Numerous species of warblers can be seen, although they are hard to tell apart. Most common are Yellow-rumped Warblers, small black and white birds with yellow patches on the sides of their chest and at the base of their tail. I've also seen Yellow Warblers, which are an orangish yellow with rusty streaks on their chest, and Palm Warblers, which are yellow with a chestnut cap on their head. They are easy to recognize because they bob their tail as they move through the trees looking for insects. The best place to see warblers is in the Institute Woods at the south end of Princeton. The traditional high point for seeing warblers is the weekend closest to May 15, which this year is the 16th and 17th. Good luck if you go — you will find many people on the trails eager to share their knowledge and their sightings."


As of Jan. 16, more than 11,300 homes had been visited by the water response teams that are distributing bottled water, filters, replacement cartridges, and water testing kits.
President Barack Obama signed an emergency declaration Jan. 16 in response to the drinking water crisis in Flint, Mich. He issued it after Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder requested it; the order declares that an emergency exists in the state of Michigan and directs that federal aid supplement state and local response efforts due to the area affected by contaminated water.
His order authorizes FEMA to coordinate all disaster relief efforts for the purpose of alleviating the hardship caused by the emergency on the local population and to provide appropriate assistance for required emergency measures to save lives, protect property and public health and safety, and lessen or avert the threat of a catastrophe in Genesee County, Mich.
Direct federal assistance will be provided at 75 percent federal funding to provide water, water filters, water filter cartridges, water test kits, and other necessary items for no more than 90 days.
In addition, FEMA Administrator W. Craig Fugate selected David G. Samaniego as the Federal Coordinating Officer for federal recovery operations in the affected area.
According to the state's latest update, water response teams distributed bottled water, filters, replacement cartridges, and water testing kits to nearly 4,000 Flint homes on Jan. 16. As of that date, more than 11,300 homes had been visited by the water response teams that consist of local and state personnel, the American Red Cross, and volunteers. The Michigan National Guard is dedicating more personnel to assist with distribution efforts at five water resource sites, and beginning Jan. 18, approximately 70 National Guard members will be handing out resources at fire stations. Above and beyond donations, as of Jan. 9, nearly 20,900 cases of water, 48,000 filters, and more than 3,300 water testing kits had been distributed.


How's this for a night out?
A crowd of 1,500 people in perfect harmony belting out a Backstreet Boys banger!
Yeah but would it be any good?
This isn't just a random gathering or activation stunt that appeared out of nowhere.
This is the work of Pub Choir.
Pub Choir run by Astrid Jorgensen, Waveney Yasso and Meg Bartholomew – gathered on January 30th, 2019. 1,500 strangers packed into The Tivoli in Brisbane to learn I Want It That Way in 3-part harmony in 90 minutes.
With events in Brisbane, Gold Coast and Melbourne there is nothing currently locked in for Perth. When we reached out to the Pub Choir team they said that they can't wait to head west.
"We don't have a date yet – but we 100% are planning on visiting Perth in 2019! We get lots of requests to fly West, and so we'll make it happen this year. Our guitarist Waveney Yasso lived and studied in Perth for a number of years, so she is keen to visit her old stomping grounds." says Kirsten.
Here's hoping Perth get's its chance to harmonise as one in 2019.


Finished in beautiful Tasmanian oak!
Crafted in timeless Tasmanian oak, you will be sure to appreciate the stunning quality on this stylish rustic bedroom suite. An earthy, rich finish highlights the natural variations in the timber grain along with the rough sawn finish. Two generously sized built-in drawers at the foot of the bed provide additional storage to keep your bedroom neat and tidy. Dark metal handles add a nice finishing touch to the warm rustic look.


This time around we've optimized for 1200 pixel wide monitors and larger, as we've found that currently less than 5% of our traffic is viewing at lower than that resolution.
We've added our latest instagram photos to the sidebar on the right, because we heart instagram! You'll also start to see Pinterest "pin it" buttons below each image, which is something we've really been wanting to add!
Most importantly: Thank you so much for being here — we love you!
3 Responses to McLellan Style: New blog!
Hey Sean, I heard you like blogs. So there's a blog in your blog now.
It's true. It's similar to our factory… That manufactures miniature models of factories.


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CWG 2018: Gold Medallist Sanjita Chanu Unhappy About Not Breaking More Records
Fan 'Dies of Shock' after Dhoni's Dismissal vs New Zealand in World Cup Loss, Another Attempts Suicide
Jeremy Lalrinnunga Breaks Three Records at Commonwealth Weightlifting Championship
Weightlifter Swati Singh Under International Weightlifting Federation Dope Radar
News18 »	Other Sports
Ever heard of a successive gold-medallist speak of being sad after medal ceremony? That was Indian weightlifter Sanjita Chanu, who was disappointed about not breaking a Commonwealth Games record despite the fact that she was not even 100 per cent fit.
Updated:April 6, 2018, 11:05 AM IST
A file photo of Sanjita Chanu. (Twitter/ @ddsportschannel)
Gold Coast: Ever heard of a successive gold-medallist speak of being sad after medal ceremony? That was Indian weightlifter Sanjita Chanu, who was disappointed about not breaking a Commonwealth Games record despite the fact that she was not even 100 per cent fit.
The 24-year-old Manipuri claimed the 53kg category gold today after breaking the Games record in snatch -- her total was 192kg (84kg+108). But the ambitious athlete in her was a shade "sad" that she could not break the record in clean and jerk.
"Had I not dropped my last lift, I would have created a Games record.
"I really wanted to do it. I missed it and I am a bit sad about that. But I guess it's ok, I don't know," said the reigning Commonwealth Championships gold-medallist.
The Indian was attempting a lift of 113kg in her final chance in clean and jerk but could not pull it off.
"I had come thinking of breaking the record and lift 112kg (the CWG record stands at 111kg), I thought it was not that difficult. Probably god was not with me today.
"I became a little stiff during my clean lift and I probably didn't push too well in jerk," she reasoned.
The gold in 53kg came after a top finish in the 48kg category during the Glasgow Commonwealth Games.
The effort is laudable given that Sanjita has been battling a back problem ever since the World Championships last year, where she injured herself just five days before the competition.
"Because of this injury I still cannot train too hard. I have been lucky to get good support which has kept me motivated," said the lifter.
"My back injury was a concern before coming here too, I have barely trained for 15 days for this competition. I am still 10 per cent lacking in fitness. The physio has been working on me outside the competition arena," she said.
The disheartening aspect of the situation is that Indian weightlifters do not have access to their physio in the competition area owing to lack of accreditations. Sanjita, however, chose to play down the situation.
"They (the physios) have helped as best as they can. We have managed somehow," she said.
The 24-year-old broke down during the medal ceremony.
"It was months of pressure finally coming down. I am glad I could prove those wrong who were saying that I had no chance of a medal just because I came second in the Nationals," she said.
2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games
CWG 2018
India at CWG
| Edited by: Abhimanyu Sen
IPL 2019: KXIP Vs KKR, Can Russell And Narine Push KKR To Semifinals?
Thursday 04 April , 2019 Elections 2019: Will Wayanad Be A Safe Seat For Rahul Gandhi?
Wednesday 03 April , 2019 Brexit So Far: What Led To The Chaos?
Wednesday 20 February , 2019 Fighting Insurgency In Kashmir: 740 Soldiers Killed In 12 Years
Wednesday 20 February , 2019 Shamima Begum, UK Teen Who Joined IS, Reveals Why She Has No Regrets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Discovering water damage can be scary, primarily when it occurs in your home. Houses are safe spaces, and when something goes wrong, it's only natural to feel threatened. For first-timers, there might be a few questions regarding the appropriate way to handle water damage. While calling a professional specializing in water damage in restoration in Oakland Park is a good start, there are a few things you can do to minimize the damage.
The first step is to remove any precious belongings away from the devastation scene. This includes any carpets, rugs, furniture, valuables, baskets, or anything else that might be in the way. The longer these items are left in the hazard zone, the more damaged they become. Some homeowners find that they have to throw out many valuable pieces merely because they left them in the water for too long.
Step two is usually the initial choice for new homeowners. Immediately buckets are sought after, or all of the bathroom towels. While some water damage is too extreme to be solved by a few pieces of cloth, others are easily mopped up. However, water damage seeps into areas you can't get to. That's why it's crucial to call a professional, regardless of how much water you managed to soak in.
The last step is to call the experts at Tri-County All Restorations. We've watched hundreds of homeowners attempt to solve the water damage crisis on their own. However, trust us when we say that water can be a damaging force for your home. It soaks into everything and leaves behind bacteria, mold, and mildew. With a restoration team, you can count on our ability to dry your home, rid the possibility of fungi, and repair any damages.
If you're experiencing water damage and you need a specialist for water damage restoration in Oakland Park, call Tri-County All Restorations today at (954) 444-6433. We have the experience, professionalism, and genuine customer care that will leave you feeling at ease. Our rapid response times are what make us an excellent ally when you need a friend the most! Call us today and see how we can help you get your home back to perfection.
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Home Mahikeng Leadership And Conflict Management Pdf
Leadership and conflict management pdf
Leadership and Conflict Management Style among Indian Managers
Conflict Management Styles and Strategies. Conflict Management Handout 1: Knowing your own conflict management style . Unaddressed conflict can paralyze good work. In a working environment can frustrate goals, diminish quality, and increase risks. People develop a conflict management style over time based largely from experience and personality traits. A person's style can modify over, Managing project teams inevitably involves managing conflict between team members. Accomplishing this effectively can lead to achieving successful project outcomes and building stronger interpersonal relationships. This paper examines how project managers can manage conflict and help their project teams develop professionally and personally. In doing so, it identifies six steps to resolving.
Conflict Management and School Leadership
Role conflict leaders and managers. 6/23/2014 · Conflict may occur in any organization (and hence school) and, for schools, conflict management style is a joint activity and the degree of its effectiveness determines the type of impact of conflict on school performance., LEADERSHIP IN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT. THE CASE OF TOURISM VERSUS TERRITORY CONFLICT Joana almeida1 ABSTRACT – Conflict occurs when the parties involved have divergent interests. s pa- tial planning involves a high number of agents who have conflicting characteristics (public/.
Leadership And Conflict Management Presentation. Conflict may occur in many different aspects of people's lives, and how individuals respond to conflict may differ depending on the situation. This assignment provides the opportunity to apply what you have learned about team leadership and conflict resolution and management to a situation you Unit 5.1 Leadership Levels in Conflict Transformation 28 Unit 5.2 Approaches to Conflicts 29 Unit 5.3 Negotiation and Mediation 31 Module Six: A Model Conflict Resolution Strategy 37 The CMD - M constitution regards issues of conflict management as one of the most fundamental objectives of the Centre. The Centre's mandate to involve
While Rahim (2004) have suggested that the nature of leadership power in an organization mediates the needs of conflict management strategies. Thus, organisational stability may be maintained even when the leader is low in conflict management because workers sometimes exhibit acceptance behaviour over the superior's attitude thus prevention and peaceful conflict management,and which are orienting their work accordingly. The present working paper seeks to conceptually under- 3.5 The Levels of Social Leadership and their
conflict and blurred role boundaries feature in the literature points perhaps to a fault in the structure of ward or unit management, and helps to confirm that clinical leadership and management are two different things. Leadership and management Zaleznik (1977) says that "managers and leaders are two very different types of people'. He adds Leadership and Conflict Management Style among Indian Managers Anil Sehrawat and Tanu Sharma . Jaypee University of Information technology, Waknaghat . Abstract - Leadership style of a manager may have an influence on the choice of conflict management strategy. It has been
LEADERSHIP IN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT. THE CASE OF TOURISM VERSUS TERRITORY CONFLICT Joana almeida1 ABSTRACT – Conflict occurs when the parties involved have divergent interests. s pa- tial planning involves a high number of agents who have conflicting characteristics (public/ 6/7/2017 · By being fully accountable to the demands of leadership, almost every confrontation you have can be redirected toward a productive outcome. Five Conflict Management Strategies .
Title: Leadership in Conflict Management 1 Leadership in Conflict Management USIP Presentation to the Center for Peace Studies and Violence Prevention Virginia Polytechnic and State University October 24, 2008 2 USIP Conflict Management Academy. The Education and Training Center will ; Serve students from all conflict management institutions EFFECTIVE CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES . different conflict management styles, and focus on the application of collaborative, win-win techniques. Job Outcomes Manages or resolves conflicts, con-frontations, and disagreements in a positive and constructive manner …
FES YLDP Module on CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 5 / 39 What is Conflict ? Conflict, like change, will always occur given the dynamics of human interactions. It will occur between family members, workers, colleagues, supervisors, boards of management in our work or play environments, between organizations and within organizations. Why is this? Leadership And Conflict Management Presentation. Conflict may occur in many different aspects of people's lives, and how individuals respond to conflict may differ depending on the situation. This assignment provides the opportunity to apply what you have learned about team leadership and conflict resolution and management to a situation you
and conflict management in the context of multiplayer computer games and the groups and communities that operate within them. By looking at players' and player-leaders' perceptions of conflic ts and conflict management, a conception of the patterns behind conflicts is formed. In addition, issues of conflict management and leadership FES YLDP Module on CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 5 / 39 What is Conflict ? Conflict, like change, will always occur given the dynamics of human interactions. It will occur between family members, workers, colleagues, supervisors, boards of management in our work or play environments, between organizations and within organizations. Why is this?
Leadership and Conflict Management Style among Indian Managers Anil Sehrawat and Tanu Sharma . Jaypee University of Information technology, Waknaghat . Abstract - Leadership style of a manager may have an influence on the choice of conflict management strategy. It has been Develop your skills in conflict management training. Conflict management training is increasingly becoming an important component of many executive leadership programs. Indeed, the ability of future leaders to manage internal and external conflicts is a key skill which requires specific conflict management training.
Title: Leadership in Conflict Management 1 Leadership in Conflict Management USIP Presentation to the Center for Peace Studies and Violence Prevention Virginia Polytechnic and State University October 24, 2008 2 USIP Conflict Management Academy. The Education and Training Center will ; Serve students from all conflict management institutions The Influence of Conflict Management Styles on Leadership Approaches within Small…. www.iosrjournals.org 57 Page mutually-acceptable decision. It is often used when the goals of the conflicting parties are mutually exclusive or
LEADERSHIP IN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT.. Conflict Management Styles and Strategies DecisionWise Leadership Development Programs Transformational training programs LAP Management Excellence LEAD Leadership Excellence, Alignment, and Development (LEAD) This program is designed for executive and senior-level leaders as well as high-potential leaders in the organization. Participants learn, Unit 5.1 Leadership Levels in Conflict Transformation 28 Unit 5.2 Approaches to Conflicts 29 Unit 5.3 Negotiation and Mediation 31 Module Six: A Model Conflict Resolution Strategy 37 The CMD - M constitution regards issues of conflict management as one of the most fundamental objectives of the Centre. The Centre's mandate to involve.
(PDF) The Effect of Leadership on Conflict Management
Role conflict leaders and managers. Unit 5.1 Leadership Levels in Conflict Transformation 28 Unit 5.2 Approaches to Conflicts 29 Unit 5.3 Negotiation and Mediation 31 Module Six: A Model Conflict Resolution Strategy 37 The CMD - M constitution regards issues of conflict management as one of the most fundamental objectives of the Centre. The Centre's mandate to involve, The use of the term 'leadership style' has become much more common in recent years and has largely replaced the term 'management style' in the work of management thinkers. Often the distinction between the two is unclear. There is an ongoing debate about the concepts of ….
FES Youth leadership development Programme (YLDP) Module
Research and knowledge from IMD business school. organizational processes or conditions, such as leadership, conflict, communi-cation, structure, technology, and so on, influence the effectiveness of an or- CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE NEW PARADIGM Traditional conflict resolution does not question whether the structure and https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managerial_grid_model Conflict Management Styles and Strategies DecisionWise Leadership Development Programs Transformational training programs LAP Management Excellence LEAD Leadership Excellence, Alignment, and Development (LEAD) This program is designed for executive and senior-level leaders as well as high-potential leaders in the organization. Participants learn.
Negotiation and Conflict Management Research (NCMR) publishes articles that develop theory and report research on negotiation and conflict management across levels, including interpersonal conflict, intergroup conflict, organizational conflict, and cross-cultural conflict, across a range of domains including environmental conflict, crisis negotiations, and political conflict, as well as across Develop your skills in conflict management training. Conflict management training is increasingly becoming an important component of many executive leadership programs. Indeed, the ability of future leaders to manage internal and external conflicts is a key skill which requires specific conflict management training.
Conflict Transformation by Peaceful Means (the Transcend Method) By Johan Galtung, dr hc mult, Professor of Peace Studies: Director, TRANSCEND: A Peace and Development Network United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme Leadership and Conflict Management Style among Indian Managers Anil Sehrawat and Tanu Sharma . Jaypee University of Information technology, Waknaghat . Abstract - Leadership style of a manager may have an influence on the choice of conflict management strategy. It has been
Unit 5.1 Leadership Levels in Conflict Transformation 28 Unit 5.2 Approaches to Conflicts 29 Unit 5.3 Negotiation and Mediation 31 Module Six: A Model Conflict Resolution Strategy 37 The CMD - M constitution regards issues of conflict management as one of the most fundamental objectives of the Centre. The Centre's mandate to involve PDF Every organization encounters conflicts on a daily basis. To critically appraise and synthesize empirical studies which examined conflict management styles utilized by nursing
Leadership and Conflict Management Style among Indian Managers Anil Sehrawat and Tanu Sharma . Jaypee University of Information technology, Waknaghat . Abstract - Leadership style of a manager may have an influence on the choice of conflict management strategy. It has been The use of the term 'leadership style' has become much more common in recent years and has largely replaced the term 'management style' in the work of management thinkers. Often the distinction between the two is unclear. There is an ongoing debate about the concepts of …
Leadership and Conflict Management Style among Indian Managers Anil Sehrawat and Tanu Sharma . Jaypee University of Information technology, Waknaghat . Abstract - Leadership style of a manager may have an influence on the choice of conflict management strategy. It has been Negotiation and Conflict Management Research (NCMR) publishes articles that develop theory and report research on negotiation and conflict management across levels, including interpersonal conflict, intergroup conflict, organizational conflict, and cross-cultural conflict, across a range of domains including environmental conflict, crisis negotiations, and political conflict, as well as across
Conflict Management Handout 1: Knowing your own conflict management style . Unaddressed conflict can paralyze good work. In a working environment can frustrate goals, diminish quality, and increase risks. People develop a conflict management style over time based largely from experience and personality traits. A person's style can modify over and conflict management in the context of multiplayer computer games and the groups and communities that operate within them. By looking at players' and player-leaders' perceptions of conflic ts and conflict management, a conception of the patterns behind conflicts is formed. In addition, issues of conflict management and leadership
Effective Leadership, Negotiating Skills & Conflict Management Karen Antman, MD. Who studies leadership? • Management Schools Win at Workplace Conflict: Jeffrey Pfeffer Stay focused on the most essential objectives. Don't fight over things that don't matter. The effect of leadership on conflict management was examined in this meta-analytic study. A total of 485 research studies were identified as a result of a literature review, out of which 32 were
6/7/2017 · By being fully accountable to the demands of leadership, almost every confrontation you have can be redirected toward a productive outcome. Five Conflict Management Strategies . Conflict Transformation by Peaceful Means (the Transcend Method) By Johan Galtung, dr hc mult, Professor of Peace Studies: Director, TRANSCEND: A Peace and Development Network United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme
The use of the term 'leadership style' has become much more common in recent years and has largely replaced the term 'management style' in the work of management thinkers. Often the distinction between the two is unclear. There is an ongoing debate about the concepts of … Negotiation and Conflict Management Research (NCMR) publishes articles that develop theory and report research on negotiation and conflict management across levels, including interpersonal conflict, intergroup conflict, organizational conflict, and cross-cultural conflict, across a range of domains including environmental conflict, crisis negotiations, and political conflict, as well as across
(PDF) LEADERSHIP STYLES AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
LEADERSHIP IN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT.. Unit 5.1 Leadership Levels in Conflict Transformation 28 Unit 5.2 Approaches to Conflicts 29 Unit 5.3 Negotiation and Mediation 31 Module Six: A Model Conflict Resolution Strategy 37 The CMD - M constitution regards issues of conflict management as one of the most fundamental objectives of the Centre. The Centre's mandate to involve, PDF Every organization encounters conflicts on a daily basis. To critically appraise and synthesize empirical studies which examined conflict management styles utilized by nursing.
Peace-Building Crisis Prevention and Conflict Management. While Rahim (2004) have suggested that the nature of leadership power in an organization mediates the needs of conflict management strategies. Thus, organisational stability may be maintained even when the leader is low in conflict management because workers sometimes exhibit acceptance behaviour over the superior's attitude thus, Develop your skills in conflict management training. Conflict management training is increasingly becoming an important component of many executive leadership programs. Indeed, the ability of future leaders to manage internal and external conflicts is a key skill which requires specific conflict management training..
Conflict Transformation by Peaceful Means (the Transcend Method) By Johan Galtung, dr hc mult, Professor of Peace Studies: Director, TRANSCEND: A Peace and Development Network United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme Effective Leadership, Negotiating Skills & Conflict Management Karen Antman, MD. Who studies leadership? • Management Schools Win at Workplace Conflict: Jeffrey Pfeffer Stay focused on the most essential objectives. Don't fight over things that don't matter.
6/17/2019 · Different types of workplace conflict, examples of workplace conflict management, and a list of skills for resumes, cover letters, and job interviews. Different types of workplace conflict, examples of workplace conflict management, and a list of skills for resumes, cover letters, and job interviews. Best Leadership Skills to List on a FES YLDP Module on CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 5 / 39 What is Conflict ? Conflict, like change, will always occur given the dynamics of human interactions. It will occur between family members, workers, colleagues, supervisors, boards of management in our work or play environments, between organizations and within organizations. Why is this?
While Rahim (2004) have suggested that the nature of leadership power in an organization mediates the needs of conflict management strategies. Thus, organisational stability may be maintained even when the leader is low in conflict management because workers sometimes exhibit acceptance behaviour over the superior's attitude thus The Influence of Conflict Management Styles on Leadership Approaches within Small…. www.iosrjournals.org 57 Page mutually-acceptable decision. It is often used when the goals of the conflicting parties are mutually exclusive or
Managing project teams inevitably involves managing conflict between team members. Accomplishing this effectively can lead to achieving successful project outcomes and building stronger interpersonal relationships. This paper examines how project managers can manage conflict and help their project teams develop professionally and personally. In doing so, it identifies six steps to resolving Unit 5.1 Leadership Levels in Conflict Transformation 28 Unit 5.2 Approaches to Conflicts 29 Unit 5.3 Negotiation and Mediation 31 Module Six: A Model Conflict Resolution Strategy 37 The CMD - M constitution regards issues of conflict management as one of the most fundamental objectives of the Centre. The Centre's mandate to involve
and conflict management in the context of multiplayer computer games and the groups and communities that operate within them. By looking at players' and player-leaders' perceptions of conflic ts and conflict management, a conception of the patterns behind conflicts is formed. In addition, issues of conflict management and leadership Negotiation and Conflict Management Research (NCMR) publishes articles that develop theory and report research on negotiation and conflict management across levels, including interpersonal conflict, intergroup conflict, organizational conflict, and cross-cultural conflict, across a range of domains including environmental conflict, crisis negotiations, and political conflict, as well as across
Conflict Management Handout 1: Knowing your own conflict management style . Unaddressed conflict can paralyze good work. In a working environment can frustrate goals, diminish quality, and increase risks. People develop a conflict management style over time based largely from experience and personality traits. A person's style can modify over 6/7/2017 · By being fully accountable to the demands of leadership, almost every confrontation you have can be redirected toward a productive outcome. Five Conflict Management Strategies .
EFFECTIVE CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES . different conflict management styles, and focus on the application of collaborative, win-win techniques. Job Outcomes Manages or resolves conflicts, con-frontations, and disagreements in a positive and constructive manner … While Rahim (2004) have suggested that the nature of leadership power in an organization mediates the needs of conflict management strategies. Thus, organisational stability may be maintained even when the leader is low in conflict management because workers sometimes exhibit acceptance behaviour over the superior's attitude thus
EFFECTIVE CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES . different conflict management styles, and focus on the application of collaborative, win-win techniques. Job Outcomes Manages or resolves conflicts, con-frontations, and disagreements in a positive and constructive manner … Project Managers' Conflict Management Styles and Its Impact on Project Team Motivation in Nigeria Construction Industry Olalekan Mumuni Ogunbayo . ABSTRACT - Unresolved conflict can thwart project progress and consequently project abandonment as in the case of Nigeria before the emergence of project management.
PDF Every organization encounters conflicts on a daily basis. To critically appraise and synthesize empirical studies which examined conflict management styles utilized by nursing FES YLDP Module on CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 5 / 39 What is Conflict ? Conflict, like change, will always occur given the dynamics of human interactions. It will occur between family members, workers, colleagues, supervisors, boards of management in our work or play environments, between organizations and within organizations. Why is this?
Leadership style and choice of strategy in conflict management among Israeli nurse managers in general hospitals TOVA HENDELPhD, RN 1, MIRI FISH MA, RN 2 and VERED GALONBA 3 1Senior Teacher, Nursing Department, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 2Nursing Coordinator of Informatics and Research, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikvah and Leaders with conflict management skills have the ability to address and resolve the contradictory interests of two or more parties in a high-emotion, low-trust environment. When conflict is managed effectively, it can bring new levels of understanding, empathy and trust between parties.
While Rahim (2004) have suggested that the nature of leadership power in an organization mediates the needs of conflict management strategies. Thus, organisational stability may be maintained even when the leader is low in conflict management because workers sometimes exhibit acceptance behaviour over the superior's attitude thus Develop your skills in conflict management training. Conflict management training is increasingly becoming an important component of many executive leadership programs. Indeed, the ability of future leaders to manage internal and external conflicts is a key skill which requires specific conflict management training.
6/23/2014 · Conflict may occur in any organization (and hence school) and, for schools, conflict management style is a joint activity and the degree of its effectiveness determines the type of impact of conflict on school performance. EFFECTIVE CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES . different conflict management styles, and focus on the application of collaborative, win-win techniques. Job Outcomes Manages or resolves conflicts, con-frontations, and disagreements in a positive and constructive manner …
conflict and blurred role boundaries feature in the literature points perhaps to a fault in the structure of ward or unit management, and helps to confirm that clinical leadership and management are two different things. Leadership and management Zaleznik (1977) says that "managers and leaders are two very different types of people'. He adds conflict and blurred role boundaries feature in the literature points perhaps to a fault in the structure of ward or unit management, and helps to confirm that clinical leadership and management are two different things. Leadership and management Zaleznik (1977) says that "managers and leaders are two very different types of people'. He adds
organizational processes or conditions, such as leadership, conflict, communi-cation, structure, technology, and so on, influence the effectiveness of an or- CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE NEW PARADIGM Traditional conflict resolution does not question whether the structure and Leadership and Conflict Management Style among Indian Managers Anil Sehrawat and Tanu Sharma . Jaypee University of Information technology, Waknaghat . Abstract - Leadership style of a manager may have an influence on the choice of conflict management strategy. It has been
Leadership versus Management: A Key Distinction—At Least in Theory Leadership and management entail a unique set of activities or functions. The first scholar to take a stand on this issue was Abraham Zaleznik, with his Uses conflict _ _ _ _ _ Avoids conflict Acts decisively _ _ _ _ _ Acts responsibly FES YLDP Module on CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 5 / 39 What is Conflict ? Conflict, like change, will always occur given the dynamics of human interactions. It will occur between family members, workers, colleagues, supervisors, boards of management in our work or play environments, between organizations and within organizations. Why is this?
6/23/2014 · Conflict may occur in any organization (and hence school) and, for schools, conflict management style is a joint activity and the degree of its effectiveness determines the type of impact of conflict on school performance. FES YLDP Module on CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 5 / 39 What is Conflict ? Conflict, like change, will always occur given the dynamics of human interactions. It will occur between family members, workers, colleagues, supervisors, boards of management in our work or play environments, between organizations and within organizations. Why is this?
Managing project teams inevitably involves managing conflict between team members. Accomplishing this effectively can lead to achieving successful project outcomes and building stronger interpersonal relationships. This paper examines how project managers can manage conflict and help their project teams develop professionally and personally. In doing so, it identifies six steps to resolving FES YLDP Module on CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 5 / 39 What is Conflict ? Conflict, like change, will always occur given the dynamics of human interactions. It will occur between family members, workers, colleagues, supervisors, boards of management in our work or play environments, between organizations and within organizations. Why is this?
Negotiation and Conflict Management Research (NCMR) publishes articles that develop theory and report research on negotiation and conflict management across levels, including interpersonal conflict, intergroup conflict, organizational conflict, and cross-cultural conflict, across a range of domains including environmental conflict, crisis negotiations, and political conflict, as well as across conflict management skills. This study seeks to understand some of the complexities linked to conflict and school leadership. Sometimes school principals may not be able to identify conflict when it happens. The study was neces-sitated by a huge gap in research. Few studies have investigated conflict management in schools. Understanding the
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Conflict Transformation by Peaceful Means (the Transcend
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EFFECTIVE CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES . different conflict management styles, and focus on the application of collaborative, win-win techniques. Job Outcomes Manages or resolves conflicts, con-frontations, and disagreements in a positive and constructive manner … FES YLDP Module on CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 5 / 39 What is Conflict ? Conflict, like change, will always occur given the dynamics of human interactions. It will occur between family members, workers, colleagues, supervisors, boards of management in our work or play environments, between organizations and within organizations. Why is this?
6/23/2014 · Conflict may occur in any organization (and hence school) and, for schools, conflict management style is a joint activity and the degree of its effectiveness determines the type of impact of conflict on school performance. The use of the term 'leadership style' has become much more common in recent years and has largely replaced the term 'management style' in the work of management thinkers. Often the distinction between the two is unclear. There is an ongoing debate about the concepts of …
6/7/2017 · By being fully accountable to the demands of leadership, almost every confrontation you have can be redirected toward a productive outcome. Five Conflict Management Strategies . Effective Leadership, Negotiating Skills & Conflict Management Karen Antman, MD. Who studies leadership? • Management Schools Win at Workplace Conflict: Jeffrey Pfeffer Stay focused on the most essential objectives. Don't fight over things that don't matter.
and conflict management in the context of multiplayer computer games and the groups and communities that operate within them. By looking at players' and player-leaders' perceptions of conflic ts and conflict management, a conception of the patterns behind conflicts is formed. In addition, issues of conflict management and leadership EFFECTIVE CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES . different conflict management styles, and focus on the application of collaborative, win-win techniques. Job Outcomes Manages or resolves conflicts, con-frontations, and disagreements in a positive and constructive manner …
Develop your skills in conflict management training. Conflict management training is increasingly becoming an important component of many executive leadership programs. Indeed, the ability of future leaders to manage internal and external conflicts is a key skill which requires specific conflict management training. FES YLDP Module on CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 5 / 39 What is Conflict ? Conflict, like change, will always occur given the dynamics of human interactions. It will occur between family members, workers, colleagues, supervisors, boards of management in our work or play environments, between organizations and within organizations. Why is this?
Unit 5.1 Leadership Levels in Conflict Transformation 28 Unit 5.2 Approaches to Conflicts 29 Unit 5.3 Negotiation and Mediation 31 Module Six: A Model Conflict Resolution Strategy 37 The CMD - M constitution regards issues of conflict management as one of the most fundamental objectives of the Centre. The Centre's mandate to involve LEADERSHIP IN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT. THE CASE OF TOURISM VERSUS TERRITORY CONFLICT Joana almeida1 ABSTRACT – Conflict occurs when the parties involved have divergent interests. s pa- tial planning involves a high number of agents who have conflicting characteristics (public/
EFFECTIVE CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES . different conflict management styles, and focus on the application of collaborative, win-win techniques. Job Outcomes Manages or resolves conflicts, con-frontations, and disagreements in a positive and constructive manner … 6/7/2017 · By being fully accountable to the demands of leadership, almost every confrontation you have can be redirected toward a productive outcome. Five Conflict Management Strategies .
Leadership and Conflict Management Style among Indian Managers Anil Sehrawat and Tanu Sharma . Jaypee University of Information technology, Waknaghat . Abstract - Leadership style of a manager may have an influence on the choice of conflict management strategy. It has been Leadership and Conflict Management Style among Indian Managers Anil Sehrawat and Tanu Sharma . Jaypee University of Information technology, Waknaghat . Abstract - Leadership style of a manager may have an influence on the choice of conflict management strategy. It has been
6/23/2014 · Conflict may occur in any organization (and hence school) and, for schools, conflict management style is a joint activity and the degree of its effectiveness determines the type of impact of conflict on school performance. Leaders with conflict management skills have the ability to address and resolve the contradictory interests of two or more parties in a high-emotion, low-trust environment. When conflict is managed effectively, it can bring new levels of understanding, empathy and trust between parties.
and conflict management in the context of multiplayer computer games and the groups and communities that operate within them. By looking at players' and player-leaders' perceptions of conflic ts and conflict management, a conception of the patterns behind conflicts is formed. In addition, issues of conflict management and leadership prevention and peaceful conflict management,and which are orienting their work accordingly. The present working paper seeks to conceptually under- 3.5 The Levels of Social Leadership and their
The Influence of Conflict Management Styles on Leadership Approaches within Small…. www.iosrjournals.org 57 Page mutually-acceptable decision. It is often used when the goals of the conflicting parties are mutually exclusive or The use of the term 'leadership style' has become much more common in recent years and has largely replaced the term 'management style' in the work of management thinkers. Often the distinction between the two is unclear. There is an ongoing debate about the concepts of …
6/17/2019 · Different types of workplace conflict, examples of workplace conflict management, and a list of skills for resumes, cover letters, and job interviews. Different types of workplace conflict, examples of workplace conflict management, and a list of skills for resumes, cover letters, and job interviews. Best Leadership Skills to List on a While Rahim (2004) have suggested that the nature of leadership power in an organization mediates the needs of conflict management strategies. Thus, organisational stability may be maintained even when the leader is low in conflict management because workers sometimes exhibit acceptance behaviour over the superior's attitude thus
Managing project teams inevitably involves managing conflict between team members. Accomplishing this effectively can lead to achieving successful project outcomes and building stronger interpersonal relationships. This paper examines how project managers can manage conflict and help their project teams develop professionally and personally. In doing so, it identifies six steps to resolving Conflict Transformation by Peaceful Means (the Transcend Method) By Johan Galtung, dr hc mult, Professor of Peace Studies: Director, TRANSCEND: A Peace and Development Network United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme
Effective Leadership, Negotiating Skills & Conflict Management Karen Antman, MD. Who studies leadership? • Management Schools Win at Workplace Conflict: Jeffrey Pfeffer Stay focused on the most essential objectives. Don't fight over things that don't matter. 6/17/2019 · Different types of workplace conflict, examples of workplace conflict management, and a list of skills for resumes, cover letters, and job interviews. Different types of workplace conflict, examples of workplace conflict management, and a list of skills for resumes, cover letters, and job interviews. Best Leadership Skills to List on a
FES YLDP Module on CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 5 / 39 What is Conflict ? Conflict, like change, will always occur given the dynamics of human interactions. It will occur between family members, workers, colleagues, supervisors, boards of management in our work or play environments, between organizations and within organizations. Why is this? Leaders with conflict management skills have the ability to address and resolve the contradictory interests of two or more parties in a high-emotion, low-trust environment. When conflict is managed effectively, it can bring new levels of understanding, empathy and trust between parties.
6/7/2017 · By being fully accountable to the demands of leadership, almost every confrontation you have can be redirected toward a productive outcome. Five Conflict Management Strategies . While Rahim (2004) have suggested that the nature of leadership power in an organization mediates the needs of conflict management strategies. Thus, organisational stability may be maintained even when the leader is low in conflict management because workers sometimes exhibit acceptance behaviour over the superior's attitude thus
The effect of leadership on conflict management was examined in this meta-analytic study. A total of 485 research studies were identified as a result of a literature review, out of which 32 were prevention and peaceful conflict management,and which are orienting their work accordingly. The present working paper seeks to conceptually under- 3.5 The Levels of Social Leadership and their
Unit 5.1 Leadership Levels in Conflict Transformation 28 Unit 5.2 Approaches to Conflicts 29 Unit 5.3 Negotiation and Mediation 31 Module Six: A Model Conflict Resolution Strategy 37 The CMD - M constitution regards issues of conflict management as one of the most fundamental objectives of the Centre. The Centre's mandate to involve and conflict management in the context of multiplayer computer games and the groups and communities that operate within them. By looking at players' and player-leaders' perceptions of conflic ts and conflict management, a conception of the patterns behind conflicts is formed. In addition, issues of conflict management and leadership
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High serum uric acid level is associated with greater handgrip strength in the aged population
Jennifer Lee1,
Yeon Sik Hong2,
Sung-Hwan Park1 &
Kwi Young Kang2
We aimed to investigate the association of serum UA level with muscle strength assessed by handgrip strength (HGS) in a large Korean adult population.
Cross-sectional data were obtained from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016. The KNHANES 2016 study included 8150 subjects, of whom 4230 subjects were analyzed in this study. The association between serum UA level and HGS was investigated with adjustment for confounding factors.
Serum UA was divided into sex-specific tertiles After adjustment for potential confounding factors, HGS was significantly greater in the high serum UA group (the third tertile) than in the low UA group (the first tertile) in the elderly (age ≥ 60 years) population (coefficient β [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.017 [0.115–1.920]). When the elderly population was subdivided according to the presence of metabolic syndrome (metS), the impact of UA remained significant only in individuals with metS. In the aged population, high serum UA level reduced the risk for low HGS (OR, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.48–0.98, p = 0.041) only in male subjects.
A population-based cross-sectional survey in Korea revealed that high serum UA level is associated with increased HGS in the aged population. The antioxidant property of UA may enhance muscle strength, especially in the elderly population.
Uric acid (UA) is produced during the metabolism of the DNA component purine [1]. Uricase, which converts uric acid into soluble allantoin, is lacking in primates, so serum UA level can be maintained relatively high in primates compared to non-primates [2]. UA is known to be important for maintaining high blood pressure for upright walking and is a powerful antioxidant [3, 4]. These functions of UA have led to the concept that uricase was abolished in the evolutionary process that rendered UA essential [5]. However, UA can also exert detrimental effects as a prooxidant that enhances oxidative stress [6] or a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that provokes systemic inflammation [7]. Likewise, high levels of UA have been implicated in gout [8], cardiovascular mortality [9, 10], and hypertension [11], while low levels of UA have been reported to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease [12] and fracture [13]. The known physiological and pathological roles of UA have been expanding [14].
Sarcopenia is defined by both low muscle mass and low muscle function [15]. Sarcopenia develops in the normal aging process, but also can develop secondary to medical conditions and is associated with gerontologic problems such as pain in osteoarthritis [16] and mortality [17]. Among various risk factors, oxidative stress on the muscle has been suggested to play a critical role in sarcopenia [18], raising the question of how UA (which has both pro- and antioxidant properties) affects sarcopenia.
The vast majority of studies on sarcopenia have been conducted in the elderly population, while studies on the younger population are rare. In the elderly population, most studies have reported the beneficial effects of UA on muscle strength [19,20,21,22]; nevertheless, the opposite results have also been reported [23]. Two recent studies that included younger subjects had inconsistent results [24, 25], likely due to differences in study design and age range of the subjects.
In Korea, a national survey system called the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) has been performed since 1998. The KNHANES in 2016 included serum UA level for the first time, and muscle strength was measured based on handgrip strength (HGS), although muscle mass could not be evaluated. Using these data, we aimed to investigate the association of serum UA level with muscle strength after adjusting for various confounding factors in a large unbiased nationwide population.
Study participants
The KNHANES is a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional health examination and survey that has been conducted every year since 1998 by the Division of Chronic Disease Surveillance of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the Ministry of Health and Welfare to monitor the general health and nutrition status of the non-institutionalized civilian population of South Korea (Ref: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII) 2016. Seoul, Korea: Division of Chronic Disease Surveillance, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Thus, every year, 8000–10,000 individuals from 4600 households are selected as representative Koreans. This selection is performed through a multi-stage clustered and stratified random sampling method based on national census data. The survey is composed of three individual surveys, namely, a health interview, a nutrition survey, and a health examination survey. The data are collected through household interviews and standardized physical examinations that are conducted at mobile examination centers. The KNHANES database is publicly available at the KNHANES website (http://knhanes.cdc.go.kr, available in Korean). The present study was based on the participants in the first (2016) year of the seventh KNHANES.
The KNHANES VII-1 (2016) examination and health survey was completed by 8150 participants. The following individuals were included in this analysis: those 20 years and above (N = 6315) who were assessed for HGS (N = 5624). Of the 5624 subjects with HGS data, only those whose serum uric acid data were collected were included (N = 5431). The following subjects were excluded: subjects who were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis by a doctor (N = 616), subjects with limitation of physical activity (N = 271), subjects who did not respond to the physical activity survey (N = 195), and subjects with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (N = 119). The remaining 4230 subjects (1999 men and 2231 women) were eligible for this study (Fig. 1).
Selection of the study participants
Written informed consent was secured from all participants before the survey began. The study was approved by the ethics committee at Seoul Saint Mary's Hospital (KC18ZESI0273).
Measurement of HGS
HGS was measured with a digital grip strength dynamometer (TKK 5401 GRIPD; Takei, Japan), which measures forces between 5.0 and 100.0 kg and has an adjustable grip span. The minimum measurement unit is 0.1 kg. During the assessment, participants were asked to stand upright with their feet hip-width apart and to look forward with their elbow fully extended. The dynamometer was held by the testing hand in a neutral, comfortable position (not flexed or extended) with 90° flexion at the index finger. Participants were instructed to squeeze the grip continuously with full force for at least 3 s. They were asked not to swing the grip dynamometer during the test and not to hold their breath. The time between each trial was approximately 60 s. Each hand was tested three times, and the highest reading from the dominant hand was used as maximum grip strength, expressed in kilograms [26]. Low HGS was defined as < 26 kg for men and < 18 kg for women [27].
Measurement of serum UA
Blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein in the morning after an overnight fast. Serum UA level was measured by a colorimetric enzymatic method on a Hitachi 7600-210 automatic biochemical analyzer (Hitachi, Japan). UA levels were then divided into sex-specific tertiles based on their distribution: ≤ 5.2, 5.3–6.2, and ≥ 6.3 mg/dL in men and ≤ 3.9, 4.0–4.6, and ≥ 4.7 mg/dL in women. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum UA level of ≥ 7.0 mg/dL for men and ≥ 6.0 mg/dL for women [28, 29].
Study variables
Age, weight, height, smoking, alcohol drinking, household income, and physical activity were recorded. Weight and height were collected according to standardized procedures, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. In terms of smoking status, participants were categorized as current smokers or non-smokers. Individuals were deemed as non-drinkers if they had not consumed any alcoholic drinks in the previous year. Household income was categorized in quartiles.
The IPAQ-SF is used to estimate the overall physical activity level of an individual in metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/week by determining the duration (in minutes) and number of days (in 1 week) of engagement in three specific types of activity (walking, moderate-intensity activity, and high-intensity activity) across a comprehensive set of domains (leisure time, work-related, transport-related physical activity and domestic and gardening activity) in the past 7 days [30]. The MET is a unit used to estimate the amount of oxygen used by the body during physical activity. Subjects were classified into three PA levels (low, moderate, or high) based on the cutoff total MET-min/week in each category (IPAQ Research Committee. International physical activity questionnaire. https://sites.google.com/site/theipaq/scoring-protocol. Accessed 30 July 2016). Resistance exercise (press-up, sit-up, dumbbell, barbell, and horizontal bar exercise) was recorded according to the number of days it was performed in 1 week.
Protein intake was assessed with a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire administered by a trained dietitian. The results were generated with the food composition table developed by the National Rural Resources Development Institute (Rural Development Administration (2006) Food composition table, 7th edn. National Rural Resources Development Institute, Suwon). Inadequate protein intake was defined as protein intake under the recommended dietary reference intake for Koreans in 2015 according to the Korean Nutrition Society.
Subjects were considered to have hypertension if they had a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or greater, a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or greater, or if they were being treated for hypertension. A subject was deemed to have diabetes if he or she had a fasting blood glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dL that was first detected in this survey, used an antidiabetic medication, or was previously diagnosed with diabetes by a doctor. A history of CVD was defined as a previous stroke, angina, or myocardial infarction. We used the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria to determine whether metS was present; the cutoffs for the Asia–Pacific region were employed [31]. metS was considered to be present if three or more of the following conditions were present: (i) systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or antihypertensive drug treatment, (ii) fasting serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, (iii) low HDL-C (< 40 mg/dL in men and 50 mg/dL in women), (iv) waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women, and/or (v) fasting serum glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or use of antidiabetic medication. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation [32].
Continuous data are expressed as mean (SD), and categorical data as percentages. The first analyses explored differences in participant characteristics across the sex-specific tertiles of UA level. The chi-square test was used for categorical variables, and ANOVA was used for continuous variables.
The association between serum uric acid level and HGS was assessed through three multiple linear regression models with progressive levels of adjustment. In each of these models, the main independent variable was serum UA level (categorized into sex-specific tertiles), and the dependent variable was HGS. Model 1 was adjusted for sex and age, model 2 was additionally adjusted for BMI and income, and model 3 was additionally adjusted for current smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, resistance exercise, total protein intake, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and CVD. The differential association by age group was evaluated through the inclusion of an interaction term between the UA tertiles and three pre-defined age groups (20–39, 40–59, ≥ 60) in all three models; also, the final analyses were stratified by age.
A multivariable logistic regression model was used (the enter method) to determine whether serum uric acid level was independently associated with low HGS. All statistical tests were two-tailed, and statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed in PASW statistics 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Characteristics of the subjects according to serum uric acid level stratified by age
In total, 4230 individuals (1999 male and 2231 female) were analyzed. The mean ± SD serum UA level was 5.78 ± 1.29 mg/dL in men and 4.3 ± 0.92 mg/dL in women. The sex-specific UA tertiles were ≤ 5.2 (T1), 5.3–6.2 (T2), and ≥ 6.3 (T3) mg/dL for men and ≤ 3.9 (T1), 4.0–4.6 (T2), and ≥ 4.7 (T3) mg/dL for women. The subjects were stratified by age into young (aged 20–39 years), middle-aged (aged 40–59 years), and elderly (aged ≥ 60 years) groups, which were analyzed separately. As shown in Table 1, the prevalence of obesity and metS was significantly higher in the high UA group in all age groups. Interestingly, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was significantly lower in the high UA group in the middle-aged and elderly populations. Hypertension was more prevalent in the high UA group (T3) in the young and middle-aged groups. There was no difference in physical activity, resistance exercise, protein intake, or cardiovascular disease prevalence according to UA level. Of note, subjects in the high UA tertile had higher HGS in the young age groups in a crude comparison.
Table 1 Age-stratified characteristics of participants in KNHANES 2016 according to tertiles of serum uric acid levels (N = 4230)
High uric acid level was associated with increased HGS in the elderly population after adjusting confounders
As shown in Table 1, HGS showed a significant difference according to UA level (tertile) only in young population on crude analysis. However, we observed that the UA level was positively correlated with HGS (Additional file 1: Table S1) in all age groups. When we investigated whether serum UA level was associated with HGS after adjustment for confounding factors using multivariate linear regression analysis, we observed the association of UA and HGS in the elderly population (Table 2). Model 1, which included age and sex as covariates, had similar results to the crude comparison in the young and elderly populations. However, when income (quartiles), BMI (< 18, 18–25, ≥ 25 kg/m2), smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity (MET-h/week), total protein intake (g/day), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and resistance exercise (days/week) were taken into account (model 3), the effect of serum UA was significant only in the elderly group (T3 vs. T1: β coefficient [95% confidence interval (CI)] 1.017 [0.115–1.920]). We excluded subjects with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, any cause of limitation of activity and renal insufficiency because these conditions can substantially influence the HGS or uric acid level. However, when we analyzed all the subjects with complete data set (N = 5431), the results were comparable (Additional file 1: Table S2). The results revealed that higher serum UA level was independently associated with higher HGS after adjustment for confounding factors in the elderly population.
Table 2 Multivariate linear regression analysis for handgrip strength according to tertiles of serum uric acid levels (N = 4230)
The association of uric acid level and HGS in the elderly population is significant in subjects with metabolic syndrome
As the prevalence of metS was significantly higher in the high UA group, the elderly population was subdivided according to the presence of metS, and the associations of serum UA level and other factors with HGS were analyzed through multivariate linear regression analysis (Table 3). Old age and female gender were negatively associated with HGS, as expected. The positive association between serum UA level (tertile) and HGS remained significant only in subjects with metS (T3 vs. T1: β coefficient [95% CI] = 1.64 [0.20–3.08], p = 0.026). In addition, more resistance exercise and higher BMI were associated with greater HGS in the aged population, regardless of the presence of metS.
Table 3 Multivariate linear regression analysis for handgrip strength in the older adults (age ≥ 60) according to the presence of metabolic syndrome (N = 986)
Risk factors for low HGS in the elderly population
As serum UA level was associated with HGS only in the elderly group, and sarcopenia usually causes problems in the elderly, the risk factors for low HGS in the elderly population were determined. Among 986 subjects aged ≥ 60, 37 out of 553 (6.7%) men and 73 out of 433 (16.9%) women had low HGS (Table 4). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age was a significant risk factor for both men (OR 1.35 [1.21–1.51]) and women (OR 1.15 [1.09–1.21]), as expected (Table 4). In addition, in male subjects, inadequate protein intake (OR 2.68 [1.06–6.81]) was a risk factor, while high serum UA level was protective (OR 0.69 [0.48–0.98]). In female subjects, diabetes mellitus was found to be a significant risk factor (OR 1.15 [1.09–1.22]); however, high serum UA level did not have a protective effect.
Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for low handgrip strength in the older adults (age ≥ 60) according to sex (N = 986)
In the current study, we verified that a high serum UA level is independently associated with increased HGS in the Korean elderly population. The protective effect of UA was significant in subjects with metS. In subjects aged 20–59 years, the association of UA with HGS was not observed after adjustment for confounding factors.
HGS measured with a hand-held dynamometer is known to properly represent overall muscle strength [26]. HGS depends not only on age, sex, and BMI, but also on socioeconomic status, physical activity, and cognitive function. As HGS declines with aging, it may represent the overall well-being of the elderly [33]. Indeed, HGS is associated with mortality in the elderly population [34]. Therefore, the maintenance of HGS is important, and the identification of factors affecting HGS is valuable, especially in the elderly population.
Our findings are consistent with the results of previous studies conducted in the elderly population. Macchi et al. [19] demonstrated that high baseline UA level was associated with better HGS at 3 years of follow-up in the elderly. A Japanese study conducted with 602 men aged 72 ± 7 years and 847 women aged 71 ± 6 years indicated that, after adjustment for confounding factors, high serum UA level was independently associated with higher HGS only in women [21]. More recently, Molino-Lova et al. [22] also demonstrated that, in a very old population (mean age 92.8 ± 3.1 years) consisting of 73 men and 166 women, higher serum UA levels correlated with better HGS.
As mentioned, studies on the relationship between UA level and muscle strength in the younger population are few; however, two recent studies included younger and elderly subjects. Huang et al. [24] reported that hyperuricemia was associated with poor muscle strength. Japanese men over 30 years of age were enrolled in the study, and 630 subjects were analyzed; however, there was no subgroup analysis stratified by age. The other study was conducted among 3595 individuals who participated in the NHANES study [25]. We used similar statistical analysis strategy with this study including the usage of sex-specific tertiles of uric acid as the main independent variable. Consistent with our results, the authors demonstrated that high serum UA level was associated with better HGS in subjects aged ≥ 60 years. Interestingly, they found a detrimental effect of UA in the young population, whereas we found no significant relationship between UA level and HGS in the young population of our study. This discrepancy seems to be partly due to the different serum UA levels of the study subjects; the mean UA levels in the young groups of both sexes were lower in our study (5.78 ± 1.29 vs. 6.0 ± 1.2 mg/dL in men, 4.3 ± 0.92 vs. 4.8 ± 1.3 mg/dL in women). Considering the results of the three studies, including ours, age seems to modify the effect of UA on HGS.
In the current study, the serum UA level of the majority of subjects was within the normal range, and only a small number of individuals had hyperuricemia, even in the T3 group.
Interestingly, we found that high serum UA level had a protective effect on HGS in elderly subjects with metS. The prevalence of metS increased with age as well as with serum UA level, and 55.5% of the elderly T3 group had metS, compared with 22.0% and 42.4% in the young and middle-aged T3 groups, respectively. On the contrary, an increased prevalence of metS in subjects with sarcopenia has been reported [35]. Several potential mechanisms underlying the association of metS with sarcopenia have been proposed. One is that reduced total muscle mass increases insulin resistance. The selective loss of muscle fibers that produce myokines that act against pathologic adipokines during aging also seems to contribute to the association between metS and sarcopenia. Although the exact explanation for the protective effect of UA in metS may require further research, the finding is novel and intriguing.
Low serum UA level was a risk factor for low HGS only in the male elderly population. These results were the opposite of those of Kawamoto et al. [21], who found that the serum UA level was independently associated with HGS only in women. This gender difference in the study is less conclusive because of the small number of low HGS subjects among men (110 out of 602). The study might be underpowered due to the small subgroup number and fail to detect a small association. However, we can assume possible reasons for the discrepancy of the results in the male population between the two studies. One plausible explanation is that the combined effects of different hormones, alcohol consumption rate, different mean UA level, and smoking habits result in this sex difference.
The major limitation of the current study was its cross-sectional design, which hampered our ability to determine causality. However, this study also had strengths in that it was conducted with a large and unbiased population with enough information for the adjustment of potential confounding factors. Also, as the seventh KNHANES did not include a tool to evaluate muscle mass such as dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, we could not determine the muscle mass component, which is critical for determining sarcopenia.
This population-based cross-sectional survey in Korea revealed that high serum UA level is associated with increased HGS in the aged population. UA seems to enhance muscle strength, especially in elderly individuals with metS.
BMI:
CI:
Confidence interval
DAMP:
Danger-associated molecular pattern
HGS:
KNHANES:
Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Metabolic equivalent
metS:
UA:
Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Gratteri S, Muscoli C, Mollace V. Regulation of uric acid metabolism and excretion. Int J Cardiol. 2016;213:8–14.
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Kleber ME, Delgado G, Grammer TB, Silbernagel G, Huang J, Kramer BK, Ritz E, Marz W. Uric acid and cardiovascular events: a Mendelian randomization study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;26(11):2831–8.
Zhou H, Wang Y, Cui L, Chen Y, Li C, Zhao J. The ongoing role of serum uric acid in blood pressure. Clini Exp Hypertens. 2017;39(7):601–5.
Du N, Xu D, Hou X, Song X, Liu C, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li X. Inverse association between serum uric acid levels and Alzheimer's disease risk. Mol Neurobiol. 2016;53(4):2594–9.
Yin P, Lv H, Li Y, Meng Y, Zhang L, Tang P. The association between serum uric acid level and the risk of fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(8):2299–307.
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Lee JY, Han K, McAlindon TE, Park YG, Park SH. Lower leg muscle mass relates to knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2018;21(1):126–33.
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Kawamoto R, Ninomiya D, Kasai Y, Kusunoki T, Ohtsuka N, Kumagi T, Abe M. Serum uric acid is positively associated with handgrip strength among Japanese community-dwelling elderly women. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0151044.
Molino-Lova R, Sofi F, Pasquini G, Vannetti F, Del Ry S, Vassalle C, Clerici M, Sorbi S, Macchi C. Higher uric acid serum levels are associated with better muscle function in the oldest old: results from the Mugello study. Eur J Intern Med. 2017;41:39–43.
Beavers KM, Beavers DP, Serra MC, Bowden RG, Wilson RL. Low relative skeletal muscle mass indicative of sarcopenia is associated with elevations in serum uric acid levels: findings from NHANES III. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(3):177–82.
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Zhang W, Doherty M, Bardin T, Pascual E, Barskova V, Conaghan P, Gerster J, Jacobs J, Leeb B, Liote F, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(10):1312–24.
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Rijk JM, Roos PR, Deckx L, van den Akker M, Buntinx F. Prognostic value of handgrip strength in people aged 60 years and older: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016;16(1):5–20.
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Zhang H, Lin S, Gao T, Zhong F, Cai J, Sun Y, Ma A. Association between sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older non-obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2018;10(3):364. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030364.
This study was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT, & Future Planning (NRF-2017R1C1B2002804).
The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available in the KNHANES database which is publicly available at the KNHANES website (http://knhanes.cdc.go.kr, available in Korean).
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
Jennifer Lee & Sung-Hwan Park
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #56, Dongsu-Ro, Bupyung-Gu, Incheon, South Korea
Yeon Sik Hong & Kwi Young Kang
Yeon Sik Hong
Sung-Hwan Park
Kwi Young Kang
KYK was responsible for the study conception and design, acquisition of data, statistical analysis, and interpretation of data. JL was responsible for the interpretation of data and writing and revising the article. YSH and S-HP were responsible for the interpretation of data and revision of the article. All authors have approved the final version of the article to be published.
Correspondence to Kwi Young Kang.
The study was approved by the ethics committee at Seoul Saint Mary's Hospital (KC18ZESI0273).
Table S1. Correlation between serum uric acid and handgrip strength stratified by age group. Table S2. Multivariate linear regression analysis for handgrip strength according to the group of age (N = 5431). (DOCX 22 kb)
Lee, J., Hong, Y.S., Park, SH. et al. High serum uric acid level is associated with greater handgrip strength in the aged population. Arthritis Res Ther 21, 73 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-019-1858-2
Received: 20 September 2018
Hand strength


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Home > Global distribution of methane emissions, emission trends, and OH...
Global distribution of methane emissions, emission trends, and OH...
Maasakkers, J. D., D. Jacob, M. P. Sulprizio, T. R. Scarpelli, H. Nesser, J. Sheng, Y. Zhang, M. Hersher, A. Bloom, K. Bowman, J. Worden, G. Janssens-Maenhout, and R. J. Parker (2019), Global distribution of methane emissions, emission trends, and OH concentrations and trends inferred from an inversion of GOSAT satellite data for 2010–2015, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7859-7881, doi:10.5194/acp-19-7859-2019.
We use 2010–2015 observations of atmospheric methane columns from the GOSAT satellite instrument in a global inverse analysis to improve estimates of methane emissions and their trends over the period, as well as the global concentration of tropospheric OH (the hydroxyl radical, methane's main sink) and its trend. Our inversion solves the Bayesian optimization problem analytically including closed-form characterization of errors. This allows us to (1) quantify the information content from the inversion towards optimizing methane emissions and its trends, (2) diagnose error correlations between constraints on emissions and OH concentrations, and (3) generate a large ensemble of solutions testing different assumptions in the inversion. We show how the analytical approach can be used, even when prior error standard deviation distributions are lognormal. Inversion results show large overestimates of Chinese coal emissions and Middle East oil and gas emissions in the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory but little error in the United States where we use a new gridded version of the EPA national greenhouse gas inventory as prior estimate. Oil and gas emissions in the EDGAR v4.3.2 inventory show large differences with national totals reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and our inversion is generally more consistent with the UNFCCC data. The observed 2010–2015 growth in atmospheric methane is attributed mostly to an increase in emissions from India, China, and areas with large tropical wetlands. The contribution from OH trends is small in comparison. We find that the inversion provides strong independent constraints on global methane emissions (546 Tg a 1 ) and global mean OH concentrations (atmospheric methane lifetime against oxidation by tropospheric OH of 10.8 ± 0.4 years), indicating that satellite observations of atmospheric methane could provide a proxy for OH concentrations in the future.
Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems Program (CCEP)
Page Last Updated: July 13, 2020
Page Editor: Daniel Jacob


If they ever dredge Syncrude's toxic tailings ponds to recover the bodies of this week's 500 dead birds, they might also discover something else: the Alberta government's credibility on oilsands development. It's lying at the bottom of the tailings ponds, as much a victim of deadly waste and questionable environmental policies as the ducks themselves.
It'll take more than a good soap-and-water scrubbing to restore any lustre to this tarnished credibility, let alone life. When dealing with what even the environment minister deemed to be a "tragedy," the government has been by turns secretive, defensive and combative — when it should have been simply sorry, sorry, sorry.
Prime Minister Stephen Harper, on the other hand, seems to understand the political effectiveness of throwing yourself at the mercy of the court of public opinion. "It's obviously a terrible tragedy and I think we and a lot of people are upset about it," Harper told reporters at a news conference in Edmonton on Thursday.
Harper wasn't making excuses or downplaying the seriousness of the incident. You got the impression he understood the public outrage and was sincerely interested in helping find ways to stop it happening again. Interestingly enough, that's actually how the Alberta government first responded on Tuesday in a news conference with Premier Ed Stelmach and Environment Minister Rob Renner.
The two looked upset and made a point of saying they were alerted to the disaster not by Syncrude, but by an anonymous tip. Stelmach promised to take tough action if the company had broken government regulations.
"The issue here is that there is a non-compliance of a very strict condition of the licence to operate," said a grim-faced premier. Almost immediately, Syncrude shot back, insisting it was in the process of verifying the severity of the incident and had every intention of reporting the dead birds to the government as required by law when the government called Syncrude about the anonymous tip.
Opposition politicians immediately suspected the government was trying to protect Syncrude while attempting to repair the damage it had done to its own credibility by initially acknowledging the industry's self-monitoring system for environmental protection might be seriously flawed. The opposition then smelled a coverup when word came that Environment officials might have photographs showing the immense scope of the duck disaster.
Stelmach took a more combative stand later in the week by trying to downplay the incident, saying 30,000 birds die each year when they fly into wind turbines in the U.S. That prompted reporters to ask Renner what the government is doing to stop birds being killed by wind turbines in southern Alberta. Renner sidestepped the question.
Stelmach's comment was an oddly hard-hearted defence, akin to dismissing an airplane accident because more people die in car crashes every year.
Human life might be infinitely more sacred than a duck's, but the fact remains that great loss of life in one awful moment grabs people's attention, whether it be men or mallards.
This story, and the headache for the government, isn't about how many ducks died, but how they died — slowly suffocating in a massive lake of toxic sludge.
People will understandably ask themselves, how can anyone deny the oilsands are a source of "dirty oil" if the process kills not only innocent animals, but government credibility?
This entry was posted on May 4, 2008 at 1:52 am	and is filed under Uncategorized. Tagged: alberta, alberta environment, climate change, duck, ed stelmach, greenhouse gases, greenpeace, oil sands, rob renner, syncrude, tar sands. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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Bristol Myers Squibb earns Global CEO Cancer Gold Standard
Global biopharmaceutical company Bristol Myers Squibb, based in Princeton, NJ, has earned the prestigious Global CEO Cancer Gold StandardTM accreditation for its ongoing commitment to reduce cancer risk for employees and their family members around the world.
"We are proud of this prestigious accreditation as it demonstrates our long-standing commitment to the health and safety of our employees," said Giovanni Caforio, M.D., chairman and chief executive officer, Bristol Myers Squibb. "As a company focused on helping patients with serious disease, we are committed to making health and wellness a priority for our employees and their families through a range of programs focused on mental and physical health. We are proud to be recognized for these efforts, which we believe support our ability to deliver on our vision of transforming patients' lives through science."
This accreditation recognizes the Company's exceptional efforts worldwide to reduce cancer risk by promoting healthy lifestyle choices, encouraging early detection through cancer screenings, and ensuring broad access to innovative cancer therapies that are extending lives, improving quality of life and increasing productivity for employees and their family members around the globe.
To be accredited as a Global Gold Standard organization, employers must achieve and maintain CEO Cancer Gold Standard accreditation in the U.S. and China, maintain a tobacco-free policy worldwide, and satisfy the essence and spirit of the five key areas of workplace wellness that are foundations of the Gold Standard.
Bristol Myers Squibb is a global biopharmaceutical company whose mission is to discover, develop and deliver innovative medicines that help patients prevail over serious diseases. For more information about Bristol Myers Squibb, visit BMS.com.
Copyright © 2021. CEO Roundtable on Cancer, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Joseph O'Sullivan
WA Democrats hid messages on Chinese American History Month bill
How WA's legislature is addressing the housing crisis in 2023
Out & Back: How Denice Rochelle encourages outdoor skill-building
Ken Behring, bearing gifts
And thus we have the Ken Behring Center at the Smithsonian. It's the philanthropic equivalent of a carbon offset.
Ken Behring, former owner of the Seahawks
It's a name that, like a migrating gas bubble, triggers a light sense of nausea: National Air and Space Museum in DC are now greeted by a Welcome Center sponsored by Rolls Royce. And lest there be any doubt that the Cold War is really, truly over: Displayed in front of a Soviet-era SS-20 and a U.S. Pershing II missile a film logo reads, "Scenes from the Movie are Inspired by this Artifact! Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian." (Yes, the DVD staring Ben Stiller is available for sale at the museum gift shop.) Alas, the identical promo also fronts the original Wright Brothers flyer.
Strategic philanthropy aims to magnify existing brands. Inside the Behring Center, for example, is the refurbished Old Glory that flew over Fort McHenry in 1814 and inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner. The underwriter? "No Logo", can't stop screaming.
Branding and commercialism generally cheapen public spaces. For those who consider the Smithsonian a national shrine, it's like draping a cathedral pulpit in an Old Navy ad. Still, in the age of austerity, it's the swallow-hard lesser evil to accept limited branding. One of the few alternatives would be to charge Smithsonian visitors which seems, well, un-American.
Peter Jackson is the former editorial-page editor of the Everett Herald. Follow him on Twitter @phardinjackson


Kawecos story of success once began in a small retail store near the University of Heidelberg, Germany in 1883. The current Kaweco Student series made of high quality acrylic is the carefully directed future trend of high quality, classic writing instruments at an attractive price for pupils and students. Kaweco Student is available in colors white, black, blue-transparent and red with chrome plated parts.
Twist ballpen made of injection-moulded acrylic, polished. Metal parts made of brass, chrome-plated. KAWECO metal twist mechanism and KAWECO soul-softink G 2 refill.


The theme is hand crafted in such a way that it can be adapted by anyone. Creatives, design studios, programmers, digital agencies, product based companies, service based companies, startups, cloud based services, mobile app based companies.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Let the site….BEGIN!! Welcome to what I hope is going to be a new way of of experiencing body life for the Church…a nation-wide movement!
If you consider yourself a Christian and would like to take your walk to that next level, then this is the site for you! This is not some hyped-up, positive thinking, rainbows and sunshine type of hype or 10-step plan. It's a way of living the Christian walk that helps you grow deeper in your relationship with God and with others–FOR REAL. While it could be a new way of doing church, it doesn't have to be because my One Body concept can be done with any small group!
Becoming One Body Strong means means living as the Body of Christ. What is looks like is you have a group of any size that you are close to, accountable to. It's people you can share life with. It's people you can open the Word with and be yourself, sharing the good and the bad in your life. Being One Body Strong means that each of you within the group has a "job" or skill set; a set of qualities that you are able to bless others with. In this group, you rejoice with those who rejoice and mourn with those who mourn (Romans 12:15).
I want to help you in your Christian journey find the hope and comfort that can only come from a group of believers.


I offer you a concrete explanation of why I use the word "Rogue" ad nauseam, and throw "Rogue Ones" into most things I write.
Those two times I competed in Strongman: And What I learned.
Betcha didn't know I competed in a couple strongman competitions. And would you believe, I actually learned something from them?