"Collectivism, community, and the common good" meant that the elites in power stole for their own good and used everything that the community worked hard to produce. We acquiesced like sheep because the commies had jails, jailers, security police, informers, and a well-equipped army. We had nothing but fear and oppression.
A self-described communist wrote, "Why you're wrong about communism: 7 huge misconceptions about it (and capitalism)," in an ill-informed attempt to rewrite the dreadful history of communism by making fallacious comparisons to capitalism. The article is a disturbing list of how the far left views communism.
Progressives have been quite successful in indoctrinating Americans into believing their fantastic misrepresentation of history and I'd like to offer counterpoints.
1.	The author says, "Communism necessarily distributes property universally, but, at least as far as this communist is concerned, can still allow you to keep your smartphone. Deal?" Not true, the property is not distributed, you cannot make deals, property is confiscated at the end of a gun from all people and becomes the patrimony of the ruling elites who use it as they see fit. You would not have a smartphone in the first place unless someone from a free economy developed it first and brought it to the market. Communism mandates "groupthink," discouraging and punishing people who are creative and who desire to become entrepreneurs.
2.	Capitalist economies were based on free exchange, on the coincidence of wants, until the job-killing EPA regulations and outrageous taxation prevented many companies from producing competitive goods at affordable prices; labor unions controlled by the left drove the wage of a high school graduate to almost $50 an hour in some sectors, prompting many companies to outsource jobs or move to other countries for cheaper labor and less corporate taxation.
Nobody "is forcing you to work for a boss who is trying to get rich by paying you less and working you harder." You are free to quit, move to any part of the country, and get a new job. That is not an option under communism where everyone works for the state, has a work card which must be stamped by the authorities, and must get the state permission to move or change jobs.
We did not exterminate an entire continent although some Indians were killed and pushed off their lands into reservations. That hardly qualifies as mass extermination. We did not enslave nor kidnap Africans. The British engaged in the slave trade and the African men and women were sold into slavery to the British by their own tribesmen. The British brought the slaves to the New World. There are many nations and cultures today that still engage in the slave trade. Where is the leftist outrage over that?
Capitalism did not develop because white women stayed home and raised their children without remuneration. That is the most laughable statement I had ever read. Women around the world, of all races, raise their children with love and without pay because we love our children and it is our maternal instinct to do so. We are not invisible. Many of us hold part-time jobs and some have full-time professional careers.
3.	Communism killed at least 100 million people through purposeful starvation, mass shootings, torture, imprisonment in gulags, concentration camps for re-education into the communist ideology, and for resisting the confiscation of their lands, homes, farms, food, and personal belongings. Purposeful famine and starvation as it happened in the Ukraine is a "left wing problem." Do deny this historical truth is to revise history.
4.	To say that capitalist governments commit human rights atrocities in your lame attempt to excuse the real atrocities committed by communist regimes is unbelievable.
Capitalism is not responsible for the genocide in Africa; the killing of indigenous tribes and of Christians is committed by Muslim groups in third world dictatorships.
Capitalism is not responsible for the malnutrition in Africa – we have certainly donated billions in food, aid, and specialists to grow crops.
We are not responsible for "climate-borne deaths." How exactly are we accountable for climate that has been changing for millions of years? The climate change is called seasons caused by the yearly revolution of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth's axis, relative to the plane of revolution. Climate change is not man-made.
"Famine like the human species has never known is in the offing because the free market does not price carbon and oil-extracting capitalist firms have, since the collapse of the USSR, become sovereigns of their own." This sentence makes no sense. The author seems to imply that, if we don't tax carbon, famine will take place. Carbon taxes do not benefit anyone but those who impose the taxes and do not reduce pollution.
Global warming is not settled science, it is a hoax and "consensus" science. We have certainly shoveled a lot of global warming from our driveways this winter. And the expedition of Australian "scientists" to document how the ice caps had melted, were embarrassed when, stuck in 13 miles of very thick ice, had to be rescued by crews with conventional fuel-driven means, at great cost to society. The desperate left called this cooling, that contradicted their global warming theory, the "Polar Vortex." In my childhood, the Polar Vortex was called winter.
5.	Progressives, your brand of communism is not going to be "more open, humane, democratic, participatory, and egalitarian than the Russian and Chinese attempts managed." It is still a form of tyranny, imposing your views of the world on the rest of us.
You cannot afford to bribe citizens forever into accepting your drug-induced utopian dreams that you have concocted in your social studies or ethnic studies classes at the liberal colleges you attended.
Your teacher lied to you in order to keep his/her high paying job and his classes full while promoting outrageous ideology.
Your god, Marx, was a bum who never worked a day in his life, neglected his family, two of his children died of malnutrition, waiting on handouts from his rich benefactor. There are only so many producers who work to spread their wealth around to the takers without a work ethic.
6.	"Communism is based on the total opposite of uniformity: tremendous diversity, not just among people, but even with in a single person's occupation." That is not true.
Diversity was strongly discouraged; we were expected to conform to a specific mold dictated by the communist party. We wore the same style shoes, always in short supply, and the same style clothes or uniforms.
If one tried to be different or do anything else other than what the assigned job was, you were taken in for questioning by the economic police, then by security police, your comings and goings were recorded by the bloc informer, your extra goods derived from such activity were confiscated, and your extra-curricular activities had to cease or else you went to jail.
"That so many great artists and writers have been Marxists suggest that the production of culture in such a society would breed tremendous individuality and offer superior avenues for expression." Perhaps in your Marxist utopian dreams there was "tremendous individuality." Avenues of expression were allowed within the strict communist ideology and slogans.
Yes, we had a culture; it was called Marxism and the worship of the communist party leaders. Every play, movie, poem, painting, picture, cartoon, song, dance, gymnastics, holidays, and athletic games had to proclaim communism and worship the dear leader. If an artist did anything that the party did not approve of, he/she was jailed and his/her works of art trashed and burned.
Lefties are delusional if they think that people had "universal access to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." You had the right to breathe if the party allowed you to live within the confines of their ideology. You were not allowed to travel; you had to register your residence within 7 days of moving to a new street or a new apartment so that the police could track you. If you did not report your new location, the bloc informer did, and you were subsequently fined and jailed for not doing so.
7.	Capitalism fosters individuality, not communism. In capitalism you don't have to live in the same type of housing, you have choices in your daily life. You can even stay home shamelessly and claim perennial unemployment, disability, accept welfare, and mooch off your parents until middle age because you are trying to find yourself.
You now have ObamaCare which frees you from the drudgery of having to work. Somebody else is paying for your health insurance.
Under communism everybody had to work. Nobody was fed for free or received welfare. We lived in the same drab and dirty concrete 300 square ft. apartments, took the same dingy buses to work, rode the same rickety bikes, and walked everywhere. We had free medical care but, unless you had the sniffles, most people died when real surgeries had to be performed.
Another example of revisionist history is the CNN's 1999 twenty-four episode documentary, "Cold War," presented as objective history. On the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, CNN is rebroadcasting its documentary through November 8, 2014.
–	The Cold War documentary does not reference the Venona files, discoveries made more recently in Russian archives, or by historians Anne Applebaum, Simon-Sebag Montefiore, Timothy Snyder, Vasili Mitrokhin, Frank Dikötter, and M. Stanton Evans.
In an ideal world, students and viewers should listen to the trustworthy voices of average citizens who endured and survived a harsh life during the terrible times of the brutal communist regimes. They should not listen to "progressive" writers who have never experienced communist life but spew very confidently communist propaganda through rose-colored glasses, articulating strong opinions formed and spun from textbook theories that have a distinct anti-American agenda.
The Cold War was a "colossal battle between good and evil, freedom and slavery, and democracy and totalitarianism." Revisionist presentation of communist atrocities is a sad distortion of truth and of history.
This entry was posted in communism and tagged communism, Holomodor, propaganda, Russia, Sochi, Ukraine, USSR by Admin. Bookmark the permalink.
excellent editorial! i wish more progressives would read and see the truth.my biology degree made me question and oppose global warming and my "friends" soon left and labelled me crazy. only in the USA , i would be in prison or dead anywhere else.
I thought everyone has to work in a communist society. It does not seem that much different then having to work to survive in a capitalist society.
In communism the money goes up to a few and in capitalism money goes up to a few. Only a few control the nation's wealth. If your born in the right family your set. In both societies.
That's a rather simplistic view of communism. I don't think crony capitalism has killed 100 million of their own people like the communists have, Joe trog.


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An award-winning jazz singer, Ellen is devoted to keeping her music fresh while still paying tribute to the great jazz artists of the past. A student of trad-jazz, Ellen has studied with some of the best vocal jazz educators/arrangers in the country including Phil Mattson, Steve Zegree, Ron McCurdy, Steve Tyler and Chip McNeill. Ellen's most current project, Secret of Life, is a unique blend of popular and original tunes re-arranged to fit the jazz idiom.
Ellen has sung in award winning vocal jazz groups and has performed at the Montreux and North Seas Jazz Festivals in Europe, the Rocky Mountain Jazz Festival in Banff and the Monterey Jazz Festival Sea Cruise. As a soloist, Ellen has performed jazz and cabaret all over the country. She has been featured at wonderful venues like Danny's Skylight Cabaret and Rose's Turn in New York City; The Jazz Showcase and The Abbey in Chicago; The Dakota in Minneapolis and the Third Ward Summer Sizzle, Jazz In The Park, Cutler Park, Bastille Days and Summerfest stages in Milwaukee.
Ellen continues to be sought after as a jazz and cabaret singer throughout Milwaukee and the U.S., while working as a clinician, adjudicator, and arranger. Ellen can also be found singing with area rock bands like Michael & The Bystanders at a variety of venues. She has been on staff as a voice teacher/coach at the Waukesha Conservatory of Music (Hartland Music) since 2006, teaching Private Voice to all ages. Ellen has also been Adjunct Faculty at Columbia College Chicago since 2007, where she teaches Music Theory and Aural Skills as well as Private Voice in all styles.
2004 CD Release of the Year "Pure Imagination-Ellen Winters"


NADIA: At that particular moment. I felt on top of the world, like I was climbing the sky with my head up high.
Mrs. Olutayo sat throughout the day's lesson. All of a sudden, Brenda became extra nice and careful; she had no choice than to smile at Joyce and me.
Just after the lesson was over, Mrs. Olutayo called for both of us. Although it felt like she was on our side, I still needed to confirm that. I couldn't stop myself from being nervous.
DANIEL: "Mum, why did you keep such a delicate information from me? What if I had planned of getting married to Joyce? I deserve to know everything about my family, mum. It's not fair keeping me in the dark."
I lashed out at her, right from the moment I saw her back home.
"Listen, Daniel! It's high time you know that as a family, we have lots of enemies who will dig till the ends of the earth to ensure that they steal our position. Do you think we were dumb when we decided to keep this secret from you? Do you want my enemies to use my family members as leverage to get to me? Do you think I was stupid when I instructed you to keep your identity a secret? Do you think I was been mean when I never allowed pictures, or the media? But did you listen? Hell no! You wanna be the big boy, don't you? With an empty brain, it's high time you think, son. Think!"
I held my tongue back in its position. The love she had for her brother was so great; It would take more than just spoken words to prove to her that Wilson is not who he says he is.
Oh! I could actually use her help on another matter.
"Mum, the president of the academy, Joyce's father, is sick with the same ailment. We don't know how to get the medications to him."
That was how we got to the academy.
The sad look on his face clearly answered our question.
"This is bad. Wilson still has the upper hand," Joyce stated the obvious.
"But at least, we have her on our side, and that's a bonus. A big, big bonus," I tried to encourage them.
"Nadia, I think it's time we have a new supervisor," Joyce butts in. "You can do that, can't you?"
She made me look at Daniel's direction.
"Oh, I get you. I'll talk to my mum about this."
I could see Joyce was true to her words when she stated that she was going to fight back. She hurried back to the hospital, leaving me with Daniel. I was a bit glad to be left alone with him.
"Let's talk over a cup of coffee."
Brilliant idea! In fact, I had been praying so hard for such a moment. As a lady, I had to exhibit some form of resistance to help my pride.
"Are you sure? I don't feel like going out today o."
Jeez! I have said too much. I prayed he didn't fall for it.
"Come on. We won't stay long. I know a place in town. It's cool and quiet, and we need to talk."
I blest him in my mind for pushing further.
I quickly changed into a jean trousers and a silk sweater. It was November already, and the chill of harmattan was trying to inform us of its grand finale. Daniel wore a thick Jacket too.
We went to an eatery instead.
"Daniel, you told me minutes ago that we were going to have a cup of coffee," I tried to find out why the sudden change of plans.
"I could hear your stomach rumbling, eat up!" he joked.
"You might not get this chance again when I travel out of the country," he added.
"You are traveling outside the country?"
"Traveling to where? I was just joking."
"Serena is my mother's younger sister; Joyce is my cousin."
He threw those words at me like I was some kind of prepared goalkeeper.
He shrugged, "I'm not sure."
I was about to say something else when I received a text message on my phone. Its content read, "I can see you eating with Daniel."
My felt a surge in heartbeat. The seat on which I sat suddenly became hot and uncomfortable.
"Are you okay?" Daniel asked.
"Don't you dare talk, else I'll expose your secrets. Come over to the rest room now!"
My secrets!? What secrets do I have? My mind travelled back to the evil deeds I committed whiles in school.
"Excuse me; I need to use the restroom."
You won't believe who it was; Wilson again.
I hissed and attempted to walk away, but he was quick to hold me back.
"Wilson, are you monitoring my life now?".
"Ex wife, Wilson... Ex wife! Our commitment ended the moment I signed the divorce papers."
I turned to leave but he held me back again.
"What if I tell you that those divorce papers were fake? We are still married, Nadia. How do you think Daniel will take that? Of course, he would think you lied to him. Oh, and that's a big disadvantage on your path. So think about it before you choose to walk out on me."
My legs went weak. My heart doubled its beat.
"So when I mean your secret, I meant this: We are still married."


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Our unit utilises contemporary molecular biological techniques (such as silencing RNA and gene knockout models) and are experts in cell isolation from sections of pulmonary arteries. Our research aims to understand and address changes in vessel wall make-up on a cellular level which contribute to the pathology of pulmonary hypertension. Translational research is very important within the Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit and we are undertaking studies which crosses from bench to bedside with regards to interesting and novel molecules aimed ultimately at disease targeted therapy.
The research within the unit is known worldwide within the pulmonary hypertension community and has collaborations with laboratories from the UK and Europe. We also train scientists to gain BSc, MD and PhD higher degrees.
Our work is funded by medical charities i.e. British Lung Foundation, Chest, Heart and Stroke Scotland and the British Heart Foundation, all of whom actively seek solutions to this medical condition.


Ernest Hemingway, Margaret Atwood, C.S. Lewis, Maya Angelou, Joan Didion — a small sampling of some of the all-time great authors who also happened to cross genres with their writing. For some reason, this ability has always fascinated me as a reader. To seamlessly go from memoir, to travel guide, to novel, to poetry collection — and do it successfully — is a task that only a very skilled writer can pull off.
This year, I've seen a number of authors delve into new genres for the first time. Steven Pressfield, generally known as a fiction writer, came out with The Lion's Gate, a history book about the Six-Day War. Ben Mezrich, who chronicled the rise of Facebook in Accidental Billionaires is debuting as a novelist with Seven Wonders releasing this month. And the author featured in this article, Marcus Brotherton, is also making his fiction debut with the marvelous Feast For Thieves. Of those three that I read, I especially loved Brotherton's novel, as it turned out to be a book with a lot of religion in it that wasn't either cheesy (see Amish fiction) or conspiratorial (see The Da Vinci Code). So I decided to ask him some questions about what it was like to cross genres as a successful, published author.
*Disclaimer: I know and occasionally work with Marcus over at my day job. It was I, however, who approached him for this interview because I really enjoyed his book.
1. When did you start writing for fun and not as part of a school assignment?
In high school I started to write short stories for fun. Sometimes I'd show them to a teacher or a friend. Sometimes I just kept them to myself.
By that point in my schooling, I was incensed that in English classes we were always forced to study great works of fiction, but we were never given the chance in school to write any fiction ourselves.
We were always supposed to write analytical essays about the short stories or novels we read, rather than look at the creativity of the pieces and try to produce something similar.
Sure, high school students need to learn how to write clear essays. But young people also need to be taught how to write creatively. There's a dearth of creative thinking today.
2. When you first wrote, was it fiction or non-fiction?
I started writing professionally as a newspaper reporter for the Reflector, a mid-sized independent weekly in southwest Washington.
My title was "General Assignment," which meant I covered everything from bus strikes to murders to the new cigar shop opening up in town.
Often I had no previous in-depth knowledge about what I was tasked to write about. So I just sort of parachuted into the middle of a story and asked questions to fight my way out.
Each day for 5 years I wrote a thousand words a day. That was solid training. You learn how to write a clear, declarative sentence, over and over again.
3. You've published over two dozen non-fiction works, specifically in the history genre. Why did you start there? Was it easier to get published? Or was that simply where your desire was?
I fell into writing about history.
By the time I was working at the newspaper I had a wife and a child to support and a mortgage to pay, and my newspaper job wasn't cutting it financially, so I needed to moonlight to pay the bills. A former professor of mine worked in the book industry, and he sent me a few books to edit.
The more I edited, the more I enjoyed it. I collaborated on a couple of books, and my name began to circulate throughout the book industry. Soon I had more editorial work than I could handle. In 2005 I quit the newspaper and opened my own editorial company, working with publishers to help authors develop and write their books.
At the start, mostly I worked on collaborations. I did a few full-length biographies, then one day my agent called.
Lt. Buck Compton, one of the original Band of Brothers, wanted to write his memoirs. Was I interested in collaborating with him?
I said yes in a heartbeat, then in a quieter moment wondered what I'd done. I didn't know anything about WWII. But I got busy and studied a lot within the genre, and Buck turned out to be a fabulous teacher.
Buck's book led to other military non-fiction book projects — several of which I was the sole author. The three I'm known best for are A Company of Heroes, Shifty's War, and We Who Are Alive and Remain, a New York Times bestseller.
From 2006 to 2012 I interviewed WWII vets almost nonstop, and due to the success of those books, some people today know me more as a historian, but that's not quite accurate. I'm more of a journalist who's been fortunate to work with living legends.
4. As a published non-fiction author, when did you know you wanted to delve into fiction?
Fiction has always called to me.
With a novel, you need to bring alive everything, dream up everything. The characters. Story. The world they live in. The conflicts and challenges that arise. How the characters overcome those obstacles. How everything resolves satisfyingly at the end.
5. It obviously requires a different set of skills – was that a hard transition?
I first started writing fiction back in 2003, when I was still at the newspaper. I figured that since I was a pretty good writer already, all I needed to do was sit down at the keyboard, and the next Catcher in the Rye would flow out of me. Didn't work that way, sorry.
In the years since, I've actually written three and a half other novels that needed to be thrown away. All of those throwaway books had strengths, but none of them were good enough to be published. Fiction writing is an extremely competitive field, and these other books all proved to be learning experiences for me.
Writing a few throwaway books first is pretty typical in novel writing. There's a unique set of rules that every author needs to learn before he can succeed. It's a very steep climb to break in and succeed.
6. Were you continuing with non-fiction works while writing your novel? If so, was it hard to go back and forth?
Non-fiction has been my bread and butter over the years, and I enjoy it and can make a living at it. So, all the time that I was learning how to write fiction I was writing non-fiction too.
After I'd written a few novels that didn't find publishers, I wised up and started studying books on the craft of story structure and character development. I read book after book after book. It was like getting a university education all over again.
Most of the things I learned I could apply to non-fiction too. How to craft a book around a three-act structure. How to make sure your protagonist has a clear goal. How to position him against increasingly difficult obstacles. Stuff like that.
7. What was the publishing process like for your novel versus your previous non-fic books? Was it different? What you expected?
It was difficult. If you're just breaking into fiction then conventional wisdom says you need to stick with predictable and established commercial genres — stuff like mysteries or romances.
Right away my story wasn't predictable. Set in 1946, it's sort of a neo-Western crime thriller with a twist of WWII thrown in — and it wouldn't fit neatly into any category. That scared my agent a lot.
When we shopped the manuscript to publishers, we had tons of acquisition editors tell us they absolutely loved the story and writing style.
But when the book reached the sales teams at various publishing houses, they'd shoot it down. The sales guys simply hadn't seen a book like this, so they didn't know what to do with it.
Finally one publisher, River North Fiction out of Chicago, was brave enough to bite on it.
8. Do you have any favorite authors that crossed genres? Many novelists will write a memoir or an essay collection, but few have a variety of substantial fiction and non-fiction works. Hemingway comes to mind off the top of my head. Are there others that you drew inspiration from?
Definitely Hemingway. I've copied out long portions of Hemingway books, just to have the feel of his words pass through my mind and fingers.
The legendary C.S. Lewis wrote both fiction and non-fiction. I love his novel, Till We Have Faces.
John Grisham is the king of novel writing, yet a few years back he crossed the other way to do a non-fiction book, The Innocent Man.
Tim O'brien has written about the Vietnam War from a mixed perspective of fiction and semi-autobiographical memoir. His book The Things They Carried is absolute poetry, one of the most lyrical and haunting war books ever produced.
I have tremendous respect for Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It was both a novel and a play and is a great example of the power of literature to help change people's lives for the better.
Katherine Boo's Behind the Beautiful Forevers chronicles life in a makeshift settlement in the shadow of luxury hotels near the Mumbai airport. She's a modern-day example of a fearless journalist whose writing holds forth remarkable power. Her book was a finalist for the 2013 Pulitzer Prize.
Stylistically, I enjoy — and study — a ton of writers, both living and dead, both novelists and non-fiction writers.
With fiction, David Benioff and the great Elmore Leonard come to mind immediately. Harper Lee, who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird has an unparalleled voice. Jack London. John Steinbeck. Mark Twain. Yann Martel, who wrote Life of Pi. Carolyn Chute's book The Beans of Egypt, Maine, is so gritty, so raw. Almost everything Cormac McCarthy writes is fantastic.
In non-fiction, Laura Hillenbrand is at the top of her game. Bob Welch is right up there too. Malcolm Gladwell is in a class by himself. So simple. So clear. I just finished The Boys in the Boat, by Daniel James Brown. The book is nonfiction, but his story-craft is great.
9. I know plenty of readers who are adamant about not reading fiction. Your non-fic books may even have some of those readers. What would you say to those people about fiction?
Folks will sometimes say they don't read fiction because they want to read only "the truth," and they insist fiction is untruth because it's made up. But there's huge truth in fiction too. It comes embedded in the narrative.
Since the truth in fiction comes wrapped around a story that captivates your attention, sometimes the truth will be presented so powerfully that it impacts you more strongly than if you'd read the same truth in a non-fiction book.
Much thanks to Marcus for answering my questions. Let me know in the comments who some of your favorite genre-crossing authors are!


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Sūrat är ett distrikt i Indien.   Det ligger i delstaten Gujarat, i den västra delen av landet,  km sydväst om huvudstaden New Delhi. Antalet invånare är . Arean är  kvadratkilometer. Sūrat gränsar till Navsari.

Terrängen i Sūrat är platt.

Följande samhällen finns i Sūrat:

 Surat
 Bārdoli
 Kosamba
 Māndvi
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 Kadod
 Kāthor
 Utrān
 Olpād
 Sachīn
 Palsāna

I övrigt finns följande i Sūrat:

 Suvāli Point (en udde)

Savannklimat råder i trakten. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är april, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är juli, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är mars, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Källor

Externa länkar

Distrikt i Gujarat

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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MRH has reduced its spend on water and wastewater by £23,000 across it Scottish sites over the past three years thanks to Wave's proactive range of water-saving services. The new contract will extend this efficiency-led approach to the whole MRH network.
Robert Swann, manager of support services at MRH, explained: "Wave has helped us make significant operational cost savings across our Scottish sites, so the company was the natural choice for consolidating our water and wastewater supply needs across the whole of our network.
Among the services included in the new contract is Wave's Active Water Management, which helps companies to identify unusual water usage patterns or high consumption so that they can act to resolve any issues. Wholesale query resolution will also be extended to all sites, along with account management and new billing regimes to ensure that MRH can view accurate, real-time billing data.
The number of sites included in the contract will grow as MRH continues to add new locations to its network. The projected £67,000 in cost savings is also predicted to increase thanks to efficiency opportunities identified through Active Water Management.
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General Helpful Resources for the researcher, philatelic and non-philatelic
Dates of State Secession and their Admission to the Confederacy All important table to the collector of Confederates. Print it out and keep it. Patricia A. Kaufmann
Provenance: Tracing Philatelic Ownership Through Owner and Expert Markings - extensive compendium of markings found on Confederate stamps and covers. An original article illustrating known markings and including detailed vignettes on the collectors, dealers and experts who produced them. Provenance helps establish pedigree and authenticity. Covers or stamps with demonstrable pedigree are more coveted than their mundane brethren. Original online Kaufmann article.
Special Feature regarding Detrimental Gum on Confederate Stamps As of the 2019 Scott's Specialized Catalogue, Confederate stamps are now valued differently than in the past. With the exception of CSA 6, produced by Thomas De La Rue & Co. in London, and CSA 7-L, printed in Richmond on London paper with London ink and gum, Confederate issues are valued the same regardless of whether they have original gum or no gum.
List of Post Offices in the United States 1862, Including Various Postal Laws and Instructions of 1861-1865. An indespensible reprint for philatelic researchers, Theron Wierenga, 1981.
Global Philatelic Library - a centralized information gateway to the world's greatest philatelic research. Founding partners include the Smithsonian National Postal Museum and Smithsonian Libraries in Washington, D.C.; the Royal Philatelic Society London and the American Philatelic Research Library in Bellefonte, Pa. The website establishes a single destination - a responsive centralized gateway - by which philatelists around the world can search, locate and access philatelic research from partner libraries in real time, from any computer. Searchable listings of books and publications, as well as resource locations and access, are now just a click away, providing invaluable resources to those doing philatelic research.
Library of Congress - This link is directly to the Civil War section, an essential resource for the researcher with a very deep range of every kind of information - from books and photographs to video, movie and audio history. See Mike Ludeman's PORTALS.
U.S. National Archives - (NARA) Online access to art works, census data, US legal manuscripts, the Federal Register and so much more. See Mike Ludeman's PORTALS.
In-depth Guide to Collection Care - David Beech's treatise, written while he was Curator and Head of the Philatelic Collections at the British Library.
ArchiveGrid - ArchiveGrid includes over 7 million records describing archival materials, bringing together information about historical documents, personal papers, family histories, and more. With over 1,400 archival institutions represented, ArchiveGrid helps researchers looking for primary source materials held in archives, libraries, museums and historical societies.
Mike Ludeman's PORTALS - a fantastic resource which is so much more useful than just stumbling around in the Library of Congress and National Archives (NARA) entry points. Mike has documented official Confederate post office related records and publications which are present on the internet in digital format and kindly shared them with fellow researchers, for which we are most grateful. There are three Portal files: one focuses strictly on NARA records, the second is Library of Congress records, and the third is a reorganized group of the foregoing. Links to PDF files may be found at NARA Portals, Library of Congress Portals, and Portals by State (and more). A fourth portal is also provided to the USPOD Postal Laws and Regulations. All are highly recommended for passionate researchers. Thanks so much to Mike for sharing these valuable resources.
Mike Ludeman is preparing a census of CSAPOD Postmaster Commission documents issued by John Reagan and Jefferson Davis, as well as the related Appointment Notification letters (Form No. 6). Information about these documents together with a high resolution scan (300 dpi) is requested, as well as those in institutional archives. The object is to document as many as have survived. Contact Mike Ludeman for more details.
Chronicling America - a Website providing access to information about historic newspapers and select digitized newspaper pages, and is produced by the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP). NDNP, a partnership between the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and the Library of Congress (LC), is a long-term effort to develop an Internet-based, searchable database of U.S. newspapers with descriptive information and select digitization of historic pages. Supported by NEH, this rich digital resource will be developed and permanently maintained at the Library of Congress. An NEH award program will fund the contribution of content from, eventually, all U.S. states and territories.
Arago - People, Postage and the Post - the Confederate section of the Smithsonian National Postal Museum. A resource for the study of philately and postal operations. One of the many research projects with which I have been involved. This is an outstanding and continually evolving resource. Lucky for Confederate specialists that this was one of the first sections to be included. It was unveiled at the Washington 2006 international exhibition.
Soldiers & Sailors System website is a cooperative project of the National Archives and the National Park Service and puts Civil War Service Records online.
U.S. Postal Laws & Regulations The U.S. Postal Laws and Regulations, also known as the PL&Rs, are periodic publications produced from 1794 to 1948 that contained the laws and regulations that governed the U.S. Post Office Department. They have been recently made available in a searchable digitized format. While this may not be Confederate, it is very relevant to many aspects of Confederate postal history. It is an important resource.
In the Valley of the Shadow was created by the Virginia Center for Digital History; it has the history of Franklin County, Pennsylvania and Augusta County, Virginia including newspaper articles, census data, photographs, service records, diaries and much more.
Ancestry.com - where Civil War era documents live on. Some of the most riveting Civil War stories aren't in the history books. While this is a subscription site, it may be worth your while if you do a lot of research. Military records, census records and more.
Genealogy and the Law - A layman's guide to legalese, on the Just Great Lawyers website. Extremely helpful.
PaperlessArchives.com - provides historical documents (not just Civil War), primary source material, early secondary sources and histories that allow access to historical and often once secret documents and more. While some are free, many do have a charge. Nonetheless, a fascinating site for any history buff.
SCRAP - The Stamp & Cover Repository & Analysis Program (SCRAP) of the U.S. Philatelic Classics Society is an effort to get philatelic fakes, frauds, and forgeries off the market while retaining them for study and reference. For a primer on SCRAP, who John A. Fox was and the types of marking devices and fake covers he created, download the outstanding article by Varro Tyler and Michael Laurence that appeared in Chronicle 218 (May 2008, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 147-163).
Stamp Forgery Guide - Worldwide sources of information on forged stamps and stamp expertizing searchable by country or expert, past and present, with over 1700 listings.
CBS This Morning - The Passions of Stamp Collectors - a wonderfully entertaining presentation by Rita Braver who begins by interviewing David Robinson who discovered one of the 2013 right-side up Jenny sheets and sold it at auction for $45,000 to the buyer of that item, billionaire Bill Gross, as well as the story of the Inverted Jenny, a look into the Smithsonian National Postal Museum and more. A 7-minute presentation presented on YouTube. January 2015
Virtual Stamp Club - An on-line philatelic newspaper or magazine, with a very active "Letters to the Editor" section. In the forum, you'll find news, information, opinions and advice.
John W. Kaufmann, Inc. - scans of Kaufmann auction catalogs hosted on the CWPS website with my permission - listed alphabetically by name of collector or collection
Atlanta Collection – Sale 72 (12 Jun 1981)
William G. Bogg – Sale 126 (22 Oct 1986)
William G. Bogg – Sale 128 (21 Feb 1987)
Lynn K. Brugh, Jr. – Sale 55 (7 Sep 1979)
John P. Innella – Sale 62 (22 Mar 1980)
David Kohn – Sale 10 (30 Jun 1973)
Judge Harry J. Lemley – Sale 38 (22 Oct 1966)
Arnold J. Rosenberg – Sale 73 (13 Jun 1981)
Dr. Harold E. Simon – Sale 92 (12 Feb 1983)
Jack Solomon – Sale 78 (14 Nov 1981)
Daniel M. Telep – Sale 133 (1 Dec 1987)
Virtual meetings, stamp shows, symposiums, and philatelic presentations are everywhere these days, spurred on by the pandemic. I've participated in a number and link to some on the ARTICLES page under VIRTUAL PRESENTATIONS for your viewing pleasure.
General Civil War Websites of Special Interest
American Civil War Newspapers - Searchable newspaper archive sponsored by the Virginia Center for Civil War Studies based at Virginia Tech. The site is available free of charge, as one of the continuing projects of the center to further awareness and understanding of the Civil War era. It was begun by honored author William C. (Jack) Davis. The ultimate goal of the website, said Davis, is to index up to 10 or more newspapers from the Civil War era -- Northern and Southern, Eastern and Western, urban and rural, white and black -- in order to offer a balanced cross-section of opinion, observation, and experience, from all across America. As each journal is completed, its index will be consolidated with the master index, so that in the end a user will be able to call up references from all of the newspapers in a single search.
Online Civil War Indexes, Records, and Rosters - A genealogy guide and list of Civil War general resources as well as sources listed by state. An excellent resource.
Jim Stanley & Associates - Jim is a collector and purveyor of museum quality investment grade Civil War artifacts, images and documents. If your interests go beyond "paper," you may want to visit Jim's site.
Museum Quality Americana - This is a division of Cal Packard, LLC. Cal and his daughter Sarah sell quality historical artifacts and documents. A nicely done and most interesting site that specializes in Civil War materials with emphasis on "paper".
Confederate Railroads - David L. Bright's excellent resource. You will find each railroad, its location and length, its type and size of rail, the number of cars and locomotives it had when the war started, and the names and technical data of each locomotive. There are also lists of stations on each road and comments about most Confederate cities, taken from a Confederate railroad guide. There are well over 7,500 transcriptions of the railroad issues-related documents that he continues to find and post.
Confederate Texas and the Reconstruction - A Texas Civil War history lesson and over two dozen links to excellent resources on Texas during and just after the Civil War.
Confederate Physicians at Find A Grave - A virtual cemetery with biographies of those who served the Confederacy in a medical capacity. More than 800 listings. Biographical sketches by F. Terry Hambrecht, M.D. and Jodi L. Koste from unpublished database.
Biographies of Philatelists and Dealers - Brian J. Birch. Amazing amount of information in this source--even on me.
Philatelic Societies
Civil War Philatelic Society - The Confederate Stamp Alliance was founded in 1935 as a non-political organization dedicated to fraternity, research, and cooperation among collectors of Confederate stamps and postal history. On November 21, 2020, the Alliance membership voted to change the name to the Civil War Philatelic Society to encompass the full scope of postal history during the war, both North and South. Advantages of membership include an authentication service and an award winning quarterly journal, Civil War Philatelist (CWP). Click here to download a CWPS membership application in PDF format. In August 2019, the website was completely revamped in an effort to be the go-to site for all things Civil War postal history. It will continue to be added to and kept current with quality content. There is a members only section which allows searchable access to all back issues of the former Confederate Philatelist, a valuable tool for researchers and, coupled with the quarterly journal, well worth the annual dues.
American Philatelic Society - The APS was founded in 1887 and is the world's largest collector organization with members in 110 countries. It is supported entirely by membership dues, gifts and the sale of publications and services. Founded in 1886, the APS is now in its third century of service to stamp collectors and postal historians. Click here to download an APS membership application in PDF format.
Young Philatelic Leaders Fellowship - This is the dynamic youth program of the APS. The vision of the YPLF is to allow youth, who have already shown an interest in stamp collecting, an enriching and dynamic experience with a specific aspect of the hobby. See Trish with the young ladies of YPLF at StampShow 2013.
U.S. Philatelic Classics Society - The USPCS is the successor of "The Three Cent 1851-57 Unit" (Unit Number 11) of the American Philatelic Society. It was originally founded by a group of '51 to '57 specialists that included Dr. Carroll Chase, Stanley B. Ashbrook, and Leo J. Shaughnessy. Since its founding, the Classics Society has broadened its scope to include postal issues and postal history from the stampless era up to the Bureau Issues, as well as the occasional Confederate. Membership advantages include the award winning quarterly magazine, The Chronicle, and an outstanding website.
Confederate Stamp and Postal History Projects
CSA Catalog and Handbook - In October 2006, the Confederate Stamp Alliance (now CWPS) announced acquisition of the rights to the New Dietz Confederate States Catalog and Handbook, last published in 1986. The 21st century edition of the Confederate States of America Catalog and Handbook of Stamps and Postal History (CSA Catalog) was long overdue and in much demand by collectors, serious students and dealers. The new catalog takes advantage of all of the marvelous changes in technology that have occurred in the past three decades, including a color catalog and a complete rework of content from the ground up, using primary sources. Consequently, it sold out from the publisher in less than three months. Winner of the Grand Award for Literature at APS StampShow 2013.
For an illustrated more in depth look at both the history of prior catalogs and the marvelous changes in this 2012 edition, see A 21st Century Confederate Catalog
North Carolina Postal History Society - In 1982, NCPHS was founded to promote, study, and educate the public about North Carolina Postal History. The society maintains extensive records of North Carolina postmarks from colonial to modern times collected from numerous sources since the society was formed, and is the leading authority on these postmarks. In the mid-1990s the society published a four volume set of books titled Post Offices and Postmasters of North Carolina, Colonial to USPS, documenting not only the post offices and postmasters but all the known postmarks of the nineteenth century for North Carolina. NCPHS is a mini but mighty state society.
Philatelic Retail Dealers - Respected Competitors
John L. Kimbrough - My esteemed competitor. John and I both have a passion for Confederates. His site also has articles and an in depth section on Confederate fakes. John is a respected author as well as a fellow member of the CSA Authentication Service.
Richard Frajola - A knowledgeable U.S. student and dealer, also a former postal history auctioneer. While his specialty is mostly quality U.S., he also knows and handles Confederates. He maintains a popular message board for collectors and dealers on his site as well.
Philatelic Bibliopole - Leonard H. Hartmann, under the business name of Philatelic Bibliopole, has dealt in authoritative philatelic books and literature since 1965. He has a strong stock of Confederate States titles. His website contains a searchable listing of all Confederate auctions of which he is aware, not just those for sale. Leonard is recognized as the leading authority on Confederate lithograph issues, having collected and studied them actively since the mid-1950s. He also offers a Confederate lithograph plating service.
Auction Houses that regularly offer quality Confederate collections
Robert A. Siegel - New York
Schuyler J. Rumsey - San Francisco
Philatelic Exhibition Websites
APS Show Calendar - lists all the major national shows
Boston 2026 - the next big international stamp show in the U.S.
NAPEX - Washington, DC area - the premier East coast show
WESTPEX - San Francisco area - the premier West coast show
Philatelic Expertizing Services
Civil War Philatelic Authentication Service (CWPAS) - This is the premier expertizing body for Confederate stamps and postal history. It was founded in 1945 as the CSA Authentication Committee. In 2006, the name was changed to the CSA Authentication Service and, in 2020 to the Civil War Philatelic Authentication Service, although it will take time to incoroporate the Northern side of things into expertizing over time. Meanwhile, I recommend certification for U.S. items by the Philatelic Foundation. The purpose of the Authentication Service is to determine the authenticity of Confederate stamps and covers as well as the validity of Civil War period postal usages that passed through the Confederate mails. I am a member emeritus of this group.
The Philatelic Foundation (PF) - The Philatelic Foundation was granted a charter in 1945 by the University of the State of New York as a Nonprofit Educational Institution. This is the go-to expertizing body for United States and general foreign material in the U.S. The PF has more than 5,000 reference works including research notes and correspondence of Stanley Ashbrook, photographic records of major specialized collections and auction catalogs from around the world as well as a photographic record of each of the over 500,000 items that they have certified over the years.
American Philatelic Expertizing Service (APEX) - APEX offers opinions on the genuineness of philatelic material at moderate cost. APEX utilizes the services of more than 120 specialists and a variety of high-tech equipment to provide guaranteed opinions. It is a good service for moderately priced general material.
Philatelic Stamp Authentication and Grading (PSAG) - stamp grading and authentication services, specializing in United States and Canada. They do not specialize in Confederate material.
Professional Stamp Experts (PSE) - stamp grading and authentication services, stamps of the world. They do not specialize in Confederate material.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The music was a string of melodies.
So far away, eyes locked, you nodded.
"A little bit of both" You responded.
And yet again, love was transforming me into a phoenix rising from the ashes.
Do you know what it means to be a volcano, bubbling hot and ready to erupt?
Would you love me with my wild feathers still?
The strength hypnotised you and you fell so fast, so deep, for me.
Would you be here with me, would you stay?
When dawn turns to dusk?
and comes crashing like the wild Icelandic seas?
Or would you rather find a way to tame me?
Would you show me off to the world? Would you photograph me once more?
Would you hold me, would you try to bury my light and keep it all to yourself?
Would you love me or would you keep me?
Would you find new ways to own me and make me bleed?
will you turn away or embrace me?
If I fly, will you take flight with me, twirl me around, and kiss me?
when my tears turn to ashes and I cease to exist?
Will you be there when I awake, will you be there to hold me?
Will you try to understand my idiosyncrasies? Will you be plagued with worry when you realize I'm not that friendly?
Will you forgive me when I'm not at all what you expect me to be?


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Author Interview: Davidson L. Haworth
Meet Davidson L. Haworth, Author of The Dragon Of Prali
BBB: Tell us about yourself.
DLH: Well, I was born in San Jose, California where I still reside in certain times of the year. My life was surrounded with comic books and fantasy novels at a very early age. The passion for such things still inspire me, and I think it will continue for the rest of my life. Fiction is the great escape from reality and society.
BBB: What inspired your book, The Defenders of Prali?
DLH: I always wanted to do a trilogy since I was a child and reading "The Lord of The Rings." Both J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis inspired me to write an epic fantasy tale that had been stuck in my head for many years. I just had to wait for the right time to do it with my duties working with big publishers and writing commercials for television, 2006 was my break out year to start writing the three books which includes "The Dragon of Prali", "The Wizard of Prali", and "The Vampires of Prali," Last year I decided to place all three books into one and add some new content, almost like a redux. This is where the book "The Defenders of Prali" comes into play. The book is all three rolled into one, very much like "The Lord of The Rings."
BBB: Tell us about your main character.
DLH: There is actually two main characters that share the duty of hero. The first is a Franciscan monk named Bernard. A hapless monk who needs to find his way in a world surrounded by death and destruction. The second is a young archer girl from Haslingden, England. She comes from a long line of English archers in her family and it is because of her family that the sport of archery is named after her namesake, hence her name Mary Archer. She is the best archer in England and soon discovers that she is the best in all of the civilized world. She is the most popular of the heroes and expect her to have her own series in 2018.
BBB: What are you currently working on?
DLH: Right now I am working on a book simply called "Project 2016." There is no name for it at this point, but it is moving along slowly. It will be a collection of short stories from Fantasy, Science Fiction, and Historical Fiction. It give me an excuse to try my hand at science fiction and expand the universe in my head.
BBB: How can readers discover more about you and your work?
DLH: My website is a good bet to find everything you need, and Facebook of course. I have all the usual trappings for people to read my material including Twitter. If people would like to come out and see me I will be back on tour in 2016 and two special appearances this year at the Santa Rosa Toy Con, and Stockton Con. Both events in Northern California. Once my latest is released in 2016 the tour will begin with some dates in the States and it looks like another Eastern European tour as well. My website has all the latest information.
Interviews, Books, Authors
Photos used under Creative Commons from mripp, hallosunnymama, wwarby, themostinept, Matias Carreño, wwarby


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Texas Supreme Court Permits Same-Sex Divorce On Limited Procedural Grounds
Posted on June 23, 2015 in Discrimination
On June 19, 2015, in Texas v. Naylor, et al., Case No. 11-0114, the Texas Supreme Court ruled that the State of Texas could not intervene to prevent the divorce of a same-sex couple legally married in Massachusetts. However, the ruling was decided on limited procedural grounds; therefore, it is unlikely to represent strong precedent for future actions related to defining "marriage" under Texas law. Indeed, the decision was rendered by a deeply divided Court.
In 2004, Texas residents Angelique Naylor and Sabina Daly married in Massachusetts. A number of years later, Naylor filed for divorce in Travis County, Texas. After a two day hearing on the matter, the trial court granted, in effect, a divorce between the same-sex couple. Several lawyers from the Texas Attorney General's Office were present during the hearing; however, they elected not to formally participate in the hearing. After the trial court entered its ruling, the State of Texas filed a petition to intervene in an effort to oppose the Original Petition for Divorce filed by Naylor. The State sought to "defend the constitutionality of Texas and federal laws that limit divorce actions to persons of the opposite sex who are married to one another." Further, the State argued that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to hear the case. The trial court and intermediate appellate court held that the intervention came too late, as the State did not seek to intervene until after the trial court had granted the divorce. Accordingly, the State appealed the matter to the Texas Supreme Court.
The Texas Supreme Court affirmed the lower courts' rulings and held that the State lacked standing to appeal the trial court's judgment because it waited too long before seeking to intervene in the case. The Texas Supreme Court noted that the State did not file a petition in intervention until after the trial court had announced its judgment. The State had lawyers present at the hearing on the matter and could have intervened prior to the rendition of a judgment. The Texas Supreme Court held that the State simply intervened too late. Importantly, this decision was decided on purely procedural grounds. The Texas Supreme Court did not issue any substantive rulings regarding the scope of marriage within the State, nor did it set clear precedent for allowing divorce proceedings in same-sex marriages going forward.
This decision was rendered shortly before the U.S. Supreme Court is set to address the issue of same-sex marriage. Only eleven (11) cases remain during the Supreme Court's current session, with the Obergefell v. Hodges case set to address the legality of same-sex marriage. This decision could have wide-ranging implications for employers. It is unclear how the U.S. Supreme Court will address this issue, but many legal scholars anticipate a sharply divided Supreme Court will potentially hold that the U.S. Constitution guarantees equal treatment for gay individuals, and, thus, due process rights prohibit states from banning same-sex marriages.
Please look for future updates from Law in the Workplace on this issue.
law-in-the-workplace, marriage; due process
Retaliation Claims on the Rise
Fifth Circuit Clarifies Plaintiff's Burden under the Americans with Disabilities Amendment Act
Is Anxiety a Disability under the ADA?
Potential Liability for Third Party Harassment


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As promised last week here are the details of The Coin's screening at the Underexposed Film Festival, York Country, South Carolina.
The Coin is being shown with ten other short films in a groups called "Narrative". Fabien Martorell's film is also one of the festival Director's Choice.
The film festival starts this coming Thursday (14 November) and runs through to Saturday (16 November). Saving the best to (almost) last the "Narrative" set is to be screened on the Saturday between 7pm and 9pm, with The Coin the 3rd in a final set of six after the intermission. The venue for this, the second year of the festival, is the Community Performance Center on East Main Street, in the state capital Rock Hill. It is only $6 a ticket. The awards ceremony follows the "Block F" screening.
The Underexposed Film Festival should really considering sticking the word "International" in there somewhere because the event includes films from all over the globe. As well as the USA there are films from Serbia, Turkey, Australia, India, the UK, Canada, Germany, Iceland, Spain, Iran, France, Romania, and Austria.
There is quite a list of stars from big screen and television in the films too. Elijah Wood (Lord Of The Rings) and Alia Shawkat (Maeby Fünke in Arrested Development) star together in Setup, Punch. Christopher Lloyd (Spin City) features, along with fellow repeatee Elijah Wood, in a second film being shown called The Narrative of Victor Karloch. Amongst the others I recognise is TV drama Perception guest star Scott Wolf in Imagine (he played Rachael Leigh Cook's character's ex-husband).
Good luck to all those taking part in the festival.
If you are in Rock Hill on Saturday and make the screening please let us know your thoughts.
More details about the Underexposed Film Festival can be found on their website HERE.


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are 2019 honda crvs still having gas mixing with oil issues?


The "oor" with a "short oo" is a tough one.  I'll write what I hear in m-w.com.  The m-w.com notation does not copy/paste well. A good reason to switch to truespel.  Truespel notation (~) will always copy/paste perfectly.  I'll check words cure, lure, tour, poor , sure, moor, spoor, jury........ for the ~oor sound (with short oo (~oo) as in "book").  To me the "short oo" sound (as in foot, book, push)  is just not natural before ~r.
So of these eight, two are close to ~oor, the rest to something else, even though m-w.com give the notation for short oo (a letter u with a dot over it).  One phoneme m-w.com doesn't have is the ~or phoneme (the sound of letter "o" in "or").  It's not a "long o" because the letter "r" changes it a bit.
> cure, lure, tour, poor , sure, moor, spoor, jury........ Surely not rare.
>>interjection. So you must cursor down to select it to see the info.
>>"foot". Before "r" is rare.
>>>> The basic issues were.
>>>>but I'd think it is YAH-hoo or yah-HOO.
>>> of what I've heard.
>>>>interjection not the noun (stupid person).
>>> Click on the second and you'll get your longed-for entry.
>>>>not OR as one could be smart and boorish and crass as well.
>>>>and a stupid person is one two.
>>> a yahoo as well.
>>> a sensitive and crass and smart person is a yahoo.
>>> a sensitive and delicate and stupid person is a yahoo.
>>> a sensitive and crass and stupid person is a yahoo.
>>> a boorish and delicate and smart person is a yahoo.
>>> a boorish and delicate and stupid person is a yahoo.
>>> a boorish and crass and stupid person is a yahoo.
>>> a boorish and crass and smart person is a yahoo.
>>> n.b. that the last type is *supposed* to be allowed by the construction.
>>Going green? See the top 12 foods to eat organic.


World energy consumption has been increasing year by year, and a global-scale energy shortage is of great concern. Because of this reason, it is important to use the energy (electricity) produced by power generation even more efficiently, the key to which is the development of power devices*1) that control the electric power. The present mainstream Si power devices have been highly developed but their performance is thought to be close to maximum, which means that further development becomes very difficult. Thus, much attention has recently been paid to other materials possessing better physical properties than Si, such as SiC, GaN, Ga2O3 (gallium oxide) and diamond, i.e. wide-bandgap semiconductors*2). Among these, diamond shows not only the highest insulation breakdown voltage*3) and carrier mobility*4) but also larger thermal conductivity than any other material. These are big advantages in realizing power devices with properties of high-voltage endurance, reduced transmission loss, high-speed and miniaturization. Diamond is, therefore, regarded as an ultimate material for power devices with great promise. On the other hand, since diamond possesses extreme hardness and chemical stability, it is not an easy task to fabricate device structures by etching. Although current fabrication technology of diamond power devices uses plasma process*5), not only is the etching rate low but diamond proximal to the etching site is damaged due to the plasma, which deteriorates device performances. Thus, it was desired to develop a non-plasma process that enables diamond etching at a high-rate. In this study, by focusing on the solid-solution reaction*6) of carbon into nickel, we have aimed to develop new diamond etching process.
The present study was conducted as a collaborative effort of researchers from the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology and researchers from Kanazawa University including doctor-course graduate student Masatsugu NAGAI and Associate Professor Norio TOKUDA. By employing continuous solid-solution reaction of diamond carbon with nickel in high-temperature (1000 °C) water vapor, an anisotropic diamond etching process*7) has been realized at the highest rate (approximately 8.7 μm/min) reported so far (Figure 1). The high-temperature water vapor oxidizes the nickel surface and the solid-solute carbon atoms are converted into carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide by an oxidation-reduction reaction with nickel oxide. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are released from the reaction system, which prevents saturation of carbon atoms in nickel and enables continuous diamond etching at a high rate (Figure 2). In addition, high-temperature water vapor, unlike oxygen, does not react with diamond directly, so that selective etching of diamond in direct contact with nickel is now possible. Moreover, since plasma is not used, this technology does not bring about the plasma damage that deteriorates device performance.
[Future prospects] It is expected that by using the technology developed in this study, diamond power devices with vertical trench*8) gate structures can be fabricated, which should show characteristics of highly reduced transmission loss and high-voltage endurance. In addition, this technology is expected to be applicable not only to fabrication of device structures but also to manufacturing processes like diamond flattering and cutting.
A power device is a semiconductor device, a component of an inverter and a conductor, integrated in a variety of electric and electronic products such as power transmission systems, production facilities, transportation equipment and household electric appliances.
Wide-bandgap semiconductors consist of semiconductor materials that have a larger bandgap than Si (1.1 eV).
Carrier mobility characterizes how quickly a carrier (an electron and a hole: a carrier contributes to electric current) can move through a solid.
Plasma process is a plasma-based material processing technology. Plasma is a state of gaseous molecules that become ionized gas consisting of positively-charged ions and electrons by ionization. Materials that are difficult to etch by chemical reactions can be a target of etching with accelerated ions and radicals in plasma.
6) Solid-solution reaction of carbon.
Solid-solution reaction of carbon is a reaction of carbon becoming a solute in a metal solid. The metal solid keeps its original crystal structure even with solid-solute carbon. The amount of carbon becoming a solute has a limit, which is referred to as the solid solubility limit.
Anisotropic etching is etching (processing method to obtain target shape by removing unnecessary parts chemically or, alternatively, physically via ion collision) where the etching rate in one direction is different from those in other directions. One method uses the difference in etching rate depending on the crystal faces while the other uses an accelerated ion beam in a vertical direction in plasma. By contrast, isotropic etching is etching where the etching rates are the same in any direction.
A trench is a gutter formed on a wafer surface.


text:
package daemonreap

// Test code for the device manager's facility to run daemon
// processes and reconcile processes via kill.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Diving at the 1988 Summer Olympics
At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, four diving events were contested during a competition that took place at the Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool, from 17 to 20 September and from 26 to 29 September, comprising 81 divers from 30 nations.
1 Medal summary
1.1 Men
1.2 Women
2 Medal table
3 Participating nations
Medal summary[edit]
The events are named according to the International Olympic Committee labelling, but they appeared on the official report as "springboard diving" and "platform diving", respectively.[1]
Men[edit]
3 m springboard
details Greg Louganis
United States Tan Liangde
China Li Deliang
10 m platform
United States Xiong Ni
China Jesús Mena
Women[edit]
details Gao Min
China Li Qing
China Kelly McCormick
details Xu Yanmei
China Michele Mitchell
United States Wendy Williams
Medal table[edit]
China (CHN)
Mexico (MEX)
Totals (3 nations)
Participating nations[edit]
Here are listed the nations that were represented in the diving events and, in brackets, the number of national competitors.
West Germany (6)
Diving at the 1987 Pan American Games
^ Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee, p. 541.
"Olympic Medal Winners". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2007-01-11.
Official Report of the Games of the XXIVth Olympiad Seoul, 1988 - Volume 2: Competition Summary and Results (pdf) (in English and French). Seoul: Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee. 1989. OCLC 23924033. Retrieved 2007-01-11.
Events at the 1988 Summer Olympics (Seoul)
Badminton (exhibition)
Baseball (demonstration)
Bowling (demonstration)
Taekwondo (demonstration)
Diving at the Summer Olympics
1906 (Intercalated)
List of medalists
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diving_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics&oldid=936772042"
1988 Summer Olympics events
1988 in aquatics
1988 in diving
CS1 French-language sources (fr)


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You are here:Home/ COVID-19 State Action Center
With Deficits Looming, States Can Use NASHP Template to Track Federal Relief Funds to Hospitals
July 13, 2020 /in COVID-19 State Action Center Blogs, Featured News Home COVID-19, Health System Costs, Hospital/Health System Oversight, Population Health /by Johanna Butler
Hospitals and health care providers need financial support to respond to the pandemic and for future viability. In response, Congress allocated billions of dollars in relief funds through multiple existing and new programs. The disbursement of these funds is uncoordinated and so are public reports that track where the money is going, but states need to know how much these health care systems are getting.
On July 6, 2020, the Small Business Administration (SBA) released Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan-level data, which highlighted that health care providers have received more PPP funds than any other industry. Hospitals and physician groups have experienced dramatic revenue loss as a result of states' stay-at-home orders and their need to rapidly purchase personal protective equipment and establish new safety protocols to confront COVID-19.
To inform their funding decisions and track federal distributions to large providers, states can use this NASHP reporting template to capture how much each hospital has received in federal coronavirus relief funds to date.
States have a clear interest in hospital solvency as a critical community resource and need to know how much large providers have received from the federal government in order to inform their own funding decisions. However, the new PPP data adds to a number of data sources state officials must sift through to track how much support providers in their state are receiving. To better inform their own funding decisions and more easily track these large provider-level distributions, state officials can use this National Academy for State Health Policy's (NASHP) reporting template to collect the critical information directly from providers. This approach avoids challenges with identifying numerous federal data sources and the technical issues associated with merging data.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), established the PPP to provide forgivable loans that incentivize businesses to retain employees on their payrolls during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the PPP, there have been a multitude of other payments to health care providers through the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, CARES Act, and the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act. As the money has been allocated, the federal government has released data about its distribution in a patchwork fashion, making it difficult for state officials to understand which facilities in their communities are receiving funding, from what sources, and for how much. To date, there is data available for the PPP and the Provider Relief Fund for general distributions, high-impact targeted allocations, rural targeted allocations, safety net hospitals, and skilled nursing facility targeted allocations. NASHP is tracking the latest distributions of federal funds in its chart, COVID-19 Federal Funds Earmarked for Hospitals, Providers, and States.
In order for state officials to possibly help support providers during the pandemic, they must have an accurate report of federal investments to date of taxpayer funding to hospitals. This has been challenging due to the necessarily rapid – but at times chaotic – dispersals. Congress allocated funding to multiple federal agencies – the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Resources and Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, SBA, and Treasury Department – which in turn distributed funds through siloed application and reporting systems. In an effort to increase transparency, these agencies have released some data detailing which facilities have received funding thus far. The size of the data files and varying platforms from different agencies may make it difficult for state policymakers to crosswalk the information and identify how much specific facilities have received in aggregate. The PPP data file for entities that received over $150,000 includes over 66,000 entries alone and the Provider Relief fund file has more than 200,000 facilities listed.
The only stakeholders that are able to see the entirety of the funding picture are hospitals and providers themselves – making it necessary for state officials concerned about hospital solvency and the federal and state funding landscape to request the data directly from them. NASHP, in consultation with state officials, recently drafted a template for states to use or revise that seeks timely information detailing which hospitals are already receiving federal coronavirus relief funds. The template seeks information about hospitals and their affiliates that can include labs, physician practices, rural health and behavioral health clinics, surgery centers, and nursing homes. It recognizes that hospitals are under great pressure and as a result is designed for their ease of reporting.
Understanding how much financial support hospitals have or are receiving may become increasingly important as states continue to open up and allow hospitals to perform non-essential services – changing the revenue streams available to hospitals. COVID-19 is proving to be an enduring crisis that will likely require multiple rounds of federal and state support for hospitals. In order for state officials to hold these health systems accountable and help ensure their financial viability in the wake of COVID-19, they may require more robust hospital transparency measures. While this template is an immediate, short-term tracking tool of federal COVID-19 relief funds, NASHP will soon release model hospital transparency legislation designed to provide more specific information about the financial condition of a state's health care system.
Tags: CARES, coronavirus, covid, federal, fund, hospital
https://www.nashp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/hospital-complex-shutterstock-5_3_2018.jpg 3154 4200 Melanie Feliciano https://www.nashp.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/NASHP-Logo_website_168x157.png Melanie Feliciano2020-07-13 15:31:302020-07-14 14:59:54With Deficits Looming, States Can Use NASHP Template to Track Federal Relief Funds to Hospitals
State Exchange Leaders Express Concern about Potential Rule Changes
Infographic: How State Medicaid Programs Can Use Telehealth to Serve Pregnant Women during COVID-19
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States Use Appendix K and Emergency Waivers to Support Home- and Community-Based Services in Response to COVID-19
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India's Nuclear Capacity: the Super Nuclear-Powered Aircraft Carrier
India's navy has finalised plans for a nuclear-powered super-carrier, which is scheduled to be built in Kochi with US help. In preparation for the long-gestation project, estimated for the year 2028, the navy is setting up the building blocks that will identify the aircraft to be based on the carrier. The carrier is to be called the INS-Vishal.
Nuclear energy enables a carrier to sail for months without needing to dock for refuelling. The navy wants a nuclear-powered carrier….to enhance its reach beyond territorial waters. It has determined that the carrier will need a nuclear reactor generating 180MW for propulsion, and may go for two reactors of 90MW each. Talks with the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (Barc) are at an advanced stage.
The navy has bolstered its case for a nuclear-powered carrier by citing the nuclear deals India has signed not only with the US but also with Japan and Germany, albeit for peaceful uses of nuclear technology…The navy had invited preliminary inquiries from foreign entities for the design and development of the Vishal: DCNS of France, Rosoboronexport of Russia, Lockheed Martin of the US. Within the top brass, however, there is now a congealing of opinion that the US option may be the one to go after.
This is as much because of the technology regime that India promises to enter following the nuclear deals as because the US is actually operating carriers and building them, the latest being the Gerald R Ford class….India and the US have a joint working group on sharing, and possibly co-producing, the electromagnetic aircraft launch system that is going into the USS Gerald R Ford.
"In the Arihant (the Indian nuclear submarine now in sea trials) we have gained, with some Russian help, the ability to develop a reactor for our purpose. Barc is confident that it can build for the carrier too," the officer said…The only Indian operational carrier now is the Vikramaditya. At 45,000 tonnes it has a flight deck that is still too small for the new dimensions of carrier operations the navy is envisaging from the Vishal, the officer said.
Excerpts from Plan for nuclear-driven carrier with US help, the Telegraph (Calcutta) May 16, 2016
This entry was posted in Markets, Nuclear Energy, War and tagged Arihant-class nuclear-powered submarine, Gerald R Ford carrier, India United States nuclear collaboration, INS Vishal, nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, nuclear-powered super carrier India on May 18, 2016 by Stoa.


Joan is the Music Director for the Youth Theatre Lab at Fairmount Center for the Arts. She holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology from Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA. She is currently Music Director at First United Church of Christ in Eastlake. She music directs and plays keyboard/piano for musical productions in schools and theaters, including the Cleveland Playhouse, Cleveland Public Theater, Chagrin Valley Little Theater, Mercury Theatre Company, Walsh Jesuit High School and University School.
Joan studied piano at the Cleveland Institute of Music with James Tannenbaum and has studied piano with Susan Krausz and Horace Alwynne. She studied voice with Helen Todd and violin and violin with Kurt Loebel. She currently sings with MusiGals show choir under the direction of Jennifer Cochran.
Joan loves teaching children and helping them find that spark of passion for music. Starting every class with a series of group vocalizations and exercises to warm up voices, she believes in guiding students to find their own voice and confidence to participate in the community of theater and musical production.


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Q: How to pass parameter in a function on onClick event I am trying to make a component which receiving a function as a props. i want to pass some value into function while calling it:
class Course extends Component {
    render() {
        return (

{this.props.name}{this.props.price}

        );
     }
 }

sumPrice is a function define in parent component and its need a value.
This is my sumPrice function and parent class constructor code:
constructor(props) {
    super(props);

    this.state = {
        active: false,
        total: 0
    };

    this.sumPrice = this.sumPrice.bind(this);
}

sumPrice(price) {
    this.setState({ total: this.state.total + price });
}

A: Usually the closure, arrow function in render handles such situations exactly how it is needed:

 this.props.sumPrice(this.props.price)}
    >
      { this.props.name }{ this.props.price }

While it works as expected, unfortunately it comes at cost ot performance penalty Why shouldn't JSX props use arrow functions or bind?. The impact does not have to be dramatic problem but should be generally avoided.

The optimal solution is to use the functions which are not recreated on each re-render, like class method:
class Course extends Component {
    constructor(props) {
        super(props)

        this.onClick = this.onClick.bind(this)
    }

    onClick () {
      const { sumPrice, price } = this.props

      sumPrice(price)
    }

    render() {
        return (

{this.props.name}{this.props.price}

        )
     }
  }

Avoiding performance issues.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Some years ago my family, and I, moved to a house in Pittsburgh, PA. The previous owner had died suddenly and his family wanted to sell everything—house, contents—everything. We moved into a house that was decorated in a very 1950's style. My room had an arm chair, an old bed, an old stereo and a pile of dusty old books. A few days later, bored, I went to my room and started to read one of the old books. It was about the paranormal.
I soon discovered that all of the books were about the paranormal and inside one of them there was a newspaper cutting from the turn of the century. I discovered that the house we had bought had once belonged to a priest who had, by all accounts, gone mad due to spending too much time on his own. I thought nothing of it. My father had told me that the President of a local bank had just owned the house so this man must have owned it many, many years ago.
Another week went by and I didn't think about it. But one Sunday night I was trying to sleep and all I could think about was an old man scared and hiding in my room. A strange, scary creature with disconnected arms and legs was tormenting him. I was pretty creeped out so I turned my light on and decided to do some reading—of course the only books in the room were the paranormal ones leftover from the houses previous owner. I opened one of the books and saw a drawing. It was one of the creature I saw. Apparently it was a demon of some kind and was well known.
I was a young kid, I knew nothing about the paranormal and I hadn't seen that image before. Yet it still makes me wonder if I saw the past. Did that Priest come into contact with that demon I saw in my subconscious state?


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