text:
Q: android: how to get and display data on an array list view Am new to Android development using Android Studio.
I am building an app that can create and view records.
But on clicking create, it redirects me to the home page and when i click view, the app closes.
This is the MainActivity for the Home Page with just two buttons, create and view data
public class MainActivity extends Activity {

public void createButtonClicked(View v){
    Intent create = new Intent(MainActivity.this, AddActivity2Activity.class);
    startActivity(create);
}
public void viewButtonClicked(View v){
    Intent create = new Intent(MainActivity.this, ViewActivity.class);
    startActivity(create);
}

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
    getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
    return true;
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
    // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
    // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
    // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
    int id = item.getItemId();

    //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
    if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
        return true;
    }

    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}

This is the input Activity to create new records
class MyDbHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

private static final String DB_NAME = "mydb";
private static final int DB_VERSION = 1;

public static final String TABLE_NAME = "student";
public static final String COL_NAME = "pName";
public static final String COL_EMAIL = "pEmail";
public static final String COL_TEXT = "pText";
public static final String COL_DATE = "pDate";
private static final String STRING_CREATE = "CREATE TABLE "+TABLE_NAME+" (_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "
        +COL_NAME+" TEXT, "+COL_EMAIL+"TEXT," +COL_TEXT +" TEXT," +COL_DATE +" DATE);";

public MyDbHelper(Context context) {
    super(context, DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION);
}

@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
    db.execSQL(STRING_CREATE);
    ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
    cv.put(COL_NAME, "New Name");
    cv.put(COL_EMAIL, "New Email");
    cv.put(COL_TEXT, "New Text");
    SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    cv.put(COL_DATE, dateFormat.format(new Date()));
    db.insert(TABLE_NAME, null, cv);
}

@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
    db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "+TABLE_NAME);
    onCreate(db);
}
}

public class AddActivity2Activity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener{

EditText mText;
EditText mText1;
EditText mText2;
Button mAdd;

MyDbHelper mHelper;
SQLiteDatabase mDb;
Cursor mCursor;
SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_add_activity2);

    mText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.name);
    mText1 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.email);
    mText2 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.comment);
    mAdd = (Button)findViewById(R.id.add);
    mAdd.setOnClickListener(this);

    mHelper = new MyDbHelper(this);
}

 @Override
public void onPause() {
    super.onPause();
    mDb.close();
    mCursor.close();
}

public void onClick(View v) {
    ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
    cv.put(MyDbHelper.COL_NAME, mText.getText().toString());
    cv.put(MyDbHelper.COL_EMAIL, mText1.getText().toString());
    cv.put(MyDbHelper.COL_TEXT, mText2.getText().toString());
    SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    cv.put(MyDbHelper.COL_DATE, dateFormat.format(new Date())); //Insert 'now' as the date
    mDb.insert(MyDbHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, cv);
    mCursor.requery();
    mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
    mText.setText(null);
    mText1.setText(null);
    mText2.setText(null);
   Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Record Created Successfully" , Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}

public void viewButtonClicked(View v){
    Intent intent = new Intent(AddActivity2Activity.this, ViewActivity.class);
    startActivity(intent);
}
}

This is the view activity
public class ViewActivity extends Activity {

MyDbHelper mHelper;
SQLiteDatabase mDb;
Cursor mCursor;
private ListView mList;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_view);
    mList = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.list);
    mDb = mHelper.getWritableDatabase();
    String[] columns = new String[] {"_id", MyDbHelper.COL_NAME, MyDbHelper.COL_EMAIL, MyDbHelper.COL_TEXT, MyDbHelper.COL_DATE};
    mCursor = mDb.query(MyDbHelper.TABLE_NAME, columns, null, null, null, null, null, null);
    String[] headers = new String[] {MyDbHelper.COL_NAME,  MyDbHelper.COL_EMAIL, MyDbHelper.COL_TEXT, MyDbHelper.COL_DATE};
    List<String> itemsList = new ArrayList<String>();
    itemsList.add( MyDbHelper.COL_NAME );
    itemsList.add(MyDbHelper.COL_EMAIL) ;
    itemsList.add ( MyDbHelper.COL_TEXT ) ;
    itemsList.add ( MyDbHelper.COL_DATE ) ;
    ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>( this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, itemsList ) ;
    mList.setAdapter(adapter);

}

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
    getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_view, menu);
    return true;
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
    // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
    // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
    // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
    int id = item.getItemId();

    //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
    if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
        return true;
    }

    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}

I would be very grateful if you can help me fix this bug

A: First of all, make sure that you have added all of your activities in your Manifest.xml
<activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name=".ViewActivity"/>
        <activity android:name=".AddActivity2Activity"/>

Second, you have not initialized your database object in your AddActivity2Activity. So add the following in to you onCreate function:
mDb = mHelper.getWritableDatabase();

There are other issues in the code, bit I am not sure what exactly you want to do with it.
- Your cursor would be null when you invoke requery() function for it.
- Also remove the following lines, you don't need them in your activity:
mCursor.requery();
mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

In the ViewActivity, you should initialize your helper first:
mHelper = new MyDbHelper(this);

Last one:
When you create your tables in MyDbHelper class, replace your STRING_CREATE with the following:
private static final String STRING_CREATE = "CREATE TABLE "+TABLE_NAME+" (_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "
            + COL_NAME + " TEXT, " + COL_EMAIL + " TEXT, " + COL_TEXT + " TEXT," + COL_DATE + " DATE);";

In fact, you missed a couple space characters.
Cheers
EDIT:
Here is AddActivity2Activity
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * Created by amintavassolian on 15-06-05.
 */
public class AddActivity2Activity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener{

    EditText mText;
    EditText mText1;
    EditText mText2;
    Button mAdd;

    MyDbHelper mHelper;
    SQLiteDatabase mDb;
    Cursor mCursor;
    SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_add_activity2);

        mText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.name);
        mText1 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.email);
        mText2 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.comment);
        mAdd = (Button)findViewById(R.id.add);
        mAdd.setOnClickListener(this);

        mHelper = new MyDbHelper(this);
        mDb = mHelper.getWritableDatabase();
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        mDb.close();
    }

    public void onClick(View v) {
        ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
        cv.put(MyDbHelper.COL_NAME, mText.getText().toString());
        cv.put(MyDbHelper.COL_EMAIL, mText1.getText().toString());
        cv.put(MyDbHelper.COL_TEXT, mText2.getText().toString());
        SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        cv.put(MyDbHelper.COL_DATE, dateFormat.format(new Date())); //Insert 'now' as the date
        mDb.insert(MyDbHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, cv);

        mText.setText(null);
        mText1.setText(null);
        mText2.setText(null);
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Record Created Successfully", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }

    public void viewButtonClicked(View v){
        Intent intent = new Intent(AddActivity2Activity.this, ViewActivity.class);
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

Here is the MyDbHelper:
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * Created by amintavassolian on 15-06-05.
 */
class MyDbHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

    private static final String DB_NAME = "mydb";
    private static final int DB_VERSION = 1;

    public static final String TABLE_NAME = "student";
    public static final String COL_NAME = "pName";
    public static final String COL_EMAIL = "pEmail";
    public static final String COL_TEXT = "pText";
    public static final String COL_DATE = "pDate";
    private static final String STRING_CREATE = "CREATE TABLE "+TABLE_NAME+" (_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "
            + COL_NAME + " TEXT, " + COL_EMAIL + " TEXT, " + COL_TEXT + " TEXT," + COL_DATE + " DATE);";

    public MyDbHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        db.execSQL(STRING_CREATE);
        ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
        cv.put(COL_NAME, "New Name");
        cv.put(COL_EMAIL, "New Email");
        cv.put(COL_TEXT, "New Text");
        SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        cv.put(COL_DATE, dateFormat.format(new Date()));
        db.insert(TABLE_NAME, null, cv);
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "+TABLE_NAME);
        onCreate(db);
    }
}

and here is the ViewActivity
import android.app.Activity;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by amintavassolian on 15-06-05.
 */
public class ViewActivity extends Activity {

    MyDbHelper mHelper;
    SQLiteDatabase mDb;
    Cursor mCursor;
    private ListView mList;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_view);
        mHelper = new MyDbHelper(this);
        mList = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.list);
        mDb = mHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        String[] columns = new String[] {"_id", MyDbHelper.COL_NAME, MyDbHelper.COL_EMAIL, MyDbHelper.COL_TEXT, MyDbHelper.COL_DATE};
        mCursor = mDb.query(MyDbHelper.TABLE_NAME, columns, null, null, null, null, null, null);
        String[] headers = new String[] {MyDbHelper.COL_NAME,  MyDbHelper.COL_EMAIL, MyDbHelper.COL_TEXT, MyDbHelper.COL_DATE};
        List<String> itemsList = new ArrayList<String>();
        itemsList.add( MyDbHelper.COL_NAME );
        itemsList.add(MyDbHelper.COL_EMAIL) ;
        itemsList.add ( MyDbHelper.COL_TEXT ) ;
        itemsList.add ( MyDbHelper.COL_DATE ) ;
        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>( this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, itemsList ) ;
        mList.setAdapter(adapter);

    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_view, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

Cheers
A.

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text:
Libya ceasefire: UN relaunches inclusive political forum, amid growing 'sense of hope'
The first meeting of the Forum – to be convened virtually – was due to begin on Monday and direct, in-person meetings will commence on 9 November, in Tunisian capital Tunis, according to UNSMIL.
Acting Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Libya Stephanie Williams announces the launch of the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum processhttps://t.co/UyvWoELAYz pic.twitter.com/ESzUWyUobV
— UNSMIL (@UNSMILibya) October 25, 2020
"The resumption of the LPDF comes at time of an overwhelming sense of hope emerged in Libya after the signing of a permanent, countrywide ceasefire agreement between Libyan parties, on 23 October in Geneva", the UN Mission said in a statement on Sunday.
"Consultative meetings UNSMIL conducted with various Libyan constituencies in past months have paved the way for the resumption of the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum", it added.
A fully inclusive dialogue
The Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF) is a fully inclusive intra-Libyan political dialogue established by the Berlin Conference Outcomes, last January, which were endorsed by Security Council resolutions 2510 and 2542.
It represents a variety of different constituencies, based on the principles of inclusivity, fair geographic, ethnic, political, tribal, and social representation.
The group was convened by the UN to include representatives of the House of Representatives, of the High Council of State as well as Libyan political actors who are not members of the two institutions, and with a firm commitment to the meaningful participation of Libyan women, youth and minorities.
Throughout the process, UNSMIL will ensure transparency and a rights-based approach and will continue to hear the views of all Libyans and intends to remain actively engaged, including through interactive online tools and platforms, the UN Mission said.
"Towards this end, and in order to ensure the inclusivity of the process, UNSMIL will be launching an interactive Al-Hiwar website to listen to the views of, discuss and interact with the Libyans throughout the LPDF process", it added.
Forum objectives
The objective of the LPDF is to generate consensus on a unified governance framework and arrangements that will lead to the holding national elections in the shortest possible timeframe in order to restore Libya's sovereignty and the democratic legitimacy of Libyan institutions, according to UNSMIL.
"In this regard, UNSMIL commends the courageous announcement of Prime Minister Faez al-Serraj of his intention to step down and hand over power to a unified executive and his support to the political process and sense of responsibility to ensure that an orderly transition can take place", said the UN Mission, voicing hope that Mr. al-Serraj can provide another service to the country by remaining in place until such time as the LPDF decides the way forward.
UNSMIL also expressed its gratitude to the Tunisian Government for its support for the November meeting as well as to Libya's neighbours, the African Union, the European Union and the League of Arab States, and other members of the international community for supporting the process.

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Beautiful lady. Always had time for everyone. She was the first person I showed my engagement ring to outside of family and she was so excited.
A wonderful woman who will be truly missed.
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text:
Achille Compagnoni (26 September 1914 – 13 May 2009) was an Italian  mountaineer and skier. Together with Lino Lacedelli on 31 July 1954 he was in the first party to reach the summit of K2.

Biography

Compagnoni was born in Santa Caterina di Valfurva, Sondrio, Lombardy.

On the successful K2 expedition, Compagnoni's decision to place the final camp (IX) at a higher location than formerly agreed was a source of controversy. Compagnoni alleged that Walter Bonatti had used some of the oxygen supply intended for the summit, causing it to run out on summit day. Walter Bonatti disputed this, and was cleared in the Italian courts in 1964.

Bonatti and Hunza climber, Amir Mehdi, climbed up to deliver oxygen to Compagnoni and Lacedeilli for their summit attempt. It was an epic climb with the weight of the oxygen bottles at that altitude and both men were exhausted. Bonatti and Mehdi arrived in failing light at a point on the "shoulder" at  where the team had agreed to place camp IX. To their surprise the camp was not there. Alarmed, Bonatti and Mehdi called out to Compagnoni and Lacedelli who eventually answered from a site further up and left on the mountain, instructing Bonatti to leave the bottles and descend down the mountain. Bonatti could see the headlamp shining from the site over a difficult traverse in the dark, 600 ft away. Bonatti pleaded with Compagnoni and Lacedelli to join them in the camp. The headlamp abruptly switched off and despite continued pleas from Bonatti and Mehdi, Compagnoni and Lacedelli remained silent, sentencing Bonatti and Mehdi to an unplanned bivouac at  in the open.

Bonatti assessed that Mehdi was not in a fit state to downclimb safely at night. He stayed on the "shoulder" with Mehdi battling snow drifts and the cold all night. It cost Mehdi his toes. Compagnoni explained his decision to move the tent was to avoid an overhanging serac. However his motive actually was to prevent Walter Bonatti from reaching the camp and hence join the summit team in an attempt. Bonatti was easily in the best physical condition of all the climbers and the logical choice to make the summit attempt. If he had joined the summit team, he would likely have done so without the use of supplemental oxygen. If he had succeeded, any summit by Compagnoni would have been eclipsed. Compagnoni intended to discourage Bonatti from reaching the tent.

At 18:10 the next evening, Compagnoni and Lino Lacedelli reached the summit of K2, using the supplemental oxygen Bonatti and Mehdi had brought them. Expedition leader Ardito Desio, in his final report, mentioned the forced bivouac only in passing. Mehdi's frostbite was an embarrassment to the expedition. The Italian government provided Mehdi with a small pension for his contribution and sacrifice on the first ascent of K2. This is disputed by Mehdi's son.

In 2004, Lino Lacedelli confirmed Bonatti's version of events in his book, K2. Il prezzo della conquista (see also his interview in National Geographical Magazine in an article on Bonatti ).  In 2006 an English translation appeared, K2: The Price of Conquest. In 2008, the Club Alpino Italiano officially recognized Bonatti's version of these events. Walter Bonatti never reconciled with Compagnoni.

Achille Compagnoni died aged 94 in Aosta on 13 May 2009.

Skiing
During his service with the Alpini corps of the Italian army, he participated together with Lieutenant Giuseppe Lamberti and Sergeant Ettore Schranz in the fourth edition of the legendary Trofeo Mezzalama, when their team placed second.

Further notable results were:
 1939: 2nd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 50 km
 1940: 1st, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 36 km
 1941: 3rd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 50 km
 1942: 3rd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 18 km

Italian orders of merit
 1st Class / Knight Grand Cross: Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana (8,362)

Bibliography
Uomini sul K2, Achille Compagnoni, 1958, Veronelli Editore, Milano IT.
Il Tricolore sul K2, Achille Compagnoni, 1958, Veronelli Editore, Milano IT.
The Mountains of My Life, Walter Bonatti.
K2. Storia di un caso, Walter Bonatti.
K2. La verità. 1954–2004, Walter Bonatti, 2005, Baldini Castoldi Dalai editore.  .
K2. Il prezzo della conquista, Lino Lacedelli and Giovanni Cenacchi, 2004, Mondadori, IT.
K2: The Price of Conquest, Lino Lacedelli and Giovanni Cenacchi, 2006, Carreg Ltd. UK. .
K2. Lies and Treachery, Robert Marshall, 2009, Carreg Ltd. UK. .

References

External links

 K2 at 50: The Bitter Legacy
 Achille Compagnoni – Daily Telegraph obituary

1914 births
2009 deaths
Italian mountain climbers
Italian military patrol (sport) runners
Italian male cross-country skiers
Sportspeople from the Province of Sondrio
Alpini
Summiters of K2

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text:
Sustainability Home » News » Sustainability » Is Romania's cleantech market finally starting to shape up?
Is Romania's cleantech market finally starting to shape up?
by Antoanela Ionita 11 May 2021 11 mins read COMPANY Romania
"We are fixing climate change one startup at a time," says Cristina Badulescu. She is Romania's national lead at the EIT Climate-KIC Hub Romania, part of the biggest private-public partnership focused on climate innovation in Europe. The Recursive had a talk with her about one of the hub's programs focused on cleantech, Climate Launchpad.
Why startups? "A green and clean future demands thousands of innovations challenging the current business models," Climate-KIC explains. The ClimateLaunchpad pre-accelerator program sets out to unlock the innovation potential of the country in mitigating the effects of climate change. Throughout the competition, teams shape up their innovative cleantech ideas, build a business plan, practice pitch skills, join a network of innovators, and get exposed to potential investors.
Cristina has coordinated Climate-KIC since 2014. This is when the country joined the Knowledge and Innovation Community, an initiative of the EU's European Institute of Innovation & Technology.
Over the years, Cristina has seen how the Hub is growing and how its sustainability innovation and cleantech programs are flourishing. To date, 4 other partners have joined the 2 founders Timis Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture and the West University of Timisoara. Interest in the startup programs is also spreading.
"Although the applications were timid at first, it already feels that the startup market with a focus on solving the problems associated with climate change is starting to take shape."
Cristina Badulescu
Coordinator at Climate-KIC HUB Romania
In this story The Recursive explores how startups and business innovation contributes to Romania's green transition:
Cleantech and innovation play a vital role, as the government lacks resources and public trust
New local initiatives activate the community to solve sustainability problems
Fresh startups provide market-based solutions in areas like reusing and recycling
Vocal groups educate citizens on the transition to renewable energy sources
The role of business & startups in tackling sustainability challenges
Image credits: Austin Distel, Unsplash
Cristina, much like other frontrunners in the space of sustainability, is convinced that cleantech and innovation have a vital role to play. Among others, they will help achieve a leaner transition, by avoiding excessive shocks and achieving resource efficiencies.
Additionally, the importance and responsibility of business have been well established in the transition to a green economy. Citizens, NGOs, and governments have called businesses to contribute to the UN's Sustainable Development Goals through the UN Global Compact's 10 principles of acting responsibly. Companies are expected to not only limit any negative effects of their activities but also use their market knowledge and influence to drive sustainability innovation and positive impact.
In Romania, it's all the more essential that corporations and startups contribute to the green transition. Another key local stakeholder, the government, lacks both the resources and society's trust to tackle such complex issues alone. One of the sectors that illustrates this problem is energy, as shared by Andrei Ilas in an interview.
"(Romania) generally is not among the states that are very progressive on the climate front, because of perceived problems and general lack of knowledge and policy skills to solve the coal situation. (...) The issue in Romania is that the quality and the sophistication of the regulatory framework in the energy space is way behind what people want and expect of their energy suppliers."
Andrei Ilas
Co-founder of The Energy Cooperative
The Energy Cooperative is the first of its kind in Romania. The company aims to produce and supply 100% green energy to its members, who are also investors, and clients.
Read more: Digital twins startup MYX raises €3.5M to bring 5G rollout to Europe and the US
Furthermore, the entrepreneurial spirit that brings innovation in the market requires not only good ideas but also the courage to fail. When it comes to developing innovative climate mitigation solutions, Romania needs a daring and adaptive business sector, ready to take risks. Startups are an essential cog in the machine, with their potential to identify new opportunities for change and tap onto the potential of technology to ensure a lean transition.
Sustainability challenges in the local context
In Romania, the need for climate action and sustainability have insofar mostly translated into a fight against certain national socio-environmental issues, such as growing amounts of waste, poor air quality, and energy poverty.
A wider discussion around climate change and cleantech solutions is, however, gaining traction, especially as EU member states have publicly committed to the European Green Deal. This set of policy initiatives of the European Commission identifies common environmental challenges and enforces actions.
Romania is perceived as one of the less ambitious member states in terms of the government's willingness to implement the Green Deal. Yet, according to the European Council of Foreign Relations, the country is making more efforts in tackling the climate challenge compared to other countries in Southeast Europe.
Image credits: Vlad Hilitanu, Unsplash
Through the European Green Deal, EU member states pledged to decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 55% until 2030. To that end, countries including Romania will receive dedicated funding and an aiding legislative package. According to its national bank, BNR, Romania has the potential to attract further impact investments, as the country with the largest reductions in CO2 emissions in the region in the last 30 years and a 24% renewable energy share in 2020.
New and fresh local initiatives, such as The Climate Vertical, indicate the potential for innovation and startup contribution in this space. The venture capital company aims to activate the local community around solving climate challenges.
With a stepped approach, The Climate Vertical has first launched an open call inviting people to reconnect with nature, as well as observe, note, and share a climate change-related issue. The team feels that this period of raising awareness and encouraging reflection is needed.
"Humans have been connected to nature, but in the last decades, I think we have forgotten to live in a harmonious relationship with it. (...) I want to reverse this process whereby humans disconnect from nature and I think reconnection is how we can convince them to protect it."
Vlad Gliga
Co-founder at The Climate Vertical
After June 2021, the initiative will focus on supporting the communities in developing solutions and scaling cleantech startup ideas at national and global levels. The programs will range from an intense hackathon to a 3-days boot camp and, finally, to a 3-months accelerator.
"We want innovation to grow naturally in this process, starting from a real problem (...). Startups, by their nature, work in conditions of maximum uncertainty and seek effective solutions to real and major problems."
Bears on the road
For Cristina Badulescu from Climate-KIC Hub Romania, some of the local challenges in taking climate action reside in the social and cultural DNA of the communities. It takes a lot of courage from entrepreneurs to take risks, fail, and try again. Cristina believes that Romanians still lack the entrepreneur's courage to risk everything for their business.
Read more: The stories of which Bulgarian cleantech startups should we tell in July?
"We are still afraid, or we are not so brave yet, we still have the mentality that if we can fail, we should not try (...). I would like to see more people with entrepreneurial spirits, who, in addition to having a good idea, want to invest time, take risks, and bring the idea to the market, because the market has the last word."
Participating in incubators and accelerators, through the encouragement and support provided, can help entrepreneurs feel the business potential in their ideas and make the leap to defining a business plan.
Imaged credits: j.chizhe, Shutterstock
In Romania, the concept of circular economy (of economies recirculating materials through different cycles instead of discarding them as waste – Ed.Note) started to gain public attention in the past few years through events and initiatives, organized by passionate professionals, entrepreneurs, and government officials.
Reducing and reusing
Slowing down consumption and reusing products and materials to prevent excess is one way to do that. And cleantech can reduce part of the related burden.
For instance, bonapp.eco, a freshly launched Romanian startup, aims to reduce food waste by connecting consumers with companies selling leftover food items. The focus on food was due to the huge amount of lost resources in this area: 33% of food produced worldwide goes to waste. On the bonapp.eco mobile app (available starting early July) consumers will discover and order unwanted food items sold by supermarkets, restaurants, hotels, cafes, and gas stations, among other clients.
Another initiative, R-CREATE, aims to eliminate single-use packaging from e-commerce. The founders, Linda Vasilescu and Adina Huma, were motivated by the need to create a financially viable solution for e-commerce that could eliminate waste without friction and hassle for retailers and consumers. They started with a reusable bag, but the end goal is to create a digital platform that provides various reusable packaging solutions.
"What we do has a physical level, which is the bag itself, the first solution that we produced, but we don't want to stop here. (...) There's also the digital part because we want to integrate the whole business. We are living in a century when we know that everything that makes sense has to be scalable and therefore has to be digital and tech-driven. So, we talked to a lot of digital experts to make it work."
Linda Vasilescu and Adina Huma
Co-founders of R-CREATE
Refurbishing, remanufacturing, and recycling
Since reducing and reusing cannot apply to every instance and all products, at least in the short term, refurbishing and remanufacturing products are two other viable solutions to increase circularity.
In Romania, fenix.eco gives new life to old phones. The team decided to make a change in electronics, an industry with a large footprint on resource use and waste creation. Fenix.eco takes in and refurbishes old phones, creating a secondary market for restored, verified, and more affordable products.
Finally, when products cannot be otherwise recirculated, recycling the resulting waste has a lower impact than landfilling or burning. Yet, recycling involves complex processes and a multitude of stakeholders. To break down barriers in communication and collaboration between different parties, EcoTree aims to digitalize recycling. Their platform works as a marketplace for organizations that want to recycle their waste and potential waste collectors and recyclers that are looking for quality material.
Read more: On the road to decarbonization: Slovenian Resalta helps cities with energy efficiency
Raising awareness of the issues of linear consumption and changing behaviour are some of the key challenges mentioned by advocates of the circular economy. The topics of climate change and sustainability are complex due to their myriad connections and implications. It may take some time for the market to be educated.
Cristina Badulescu shares that the lack of knowledge in the market, as well as a temporary resistance to change, makes it tougher for entrepreneurs to find a product-market fit, even when their ideas have a great potential for positive impact. This "timing issue" discourages some of the startups looking to bring innovations to the market.
Transitioning to renewable energy
Image credits: Zbynek Burival, Unsplash
Romania is not yet tapping the full potential of its renewable energy sector, despite decreasing costs of renewables and incentives at the EU level. Romania has not installed new capacities of renewable energy since 2015 when it managed to meet its 2020 target. A major factor is the lack of predictability in the legislative framework for renewable energy, which has changed abruptly in recent years and has created mistrust in the market.
The current renewable energy share 2030 target set at 30.7% is below the 34% target recommended for Romania by the European Commission.
The Energy Cooperative represents one of the fresh, vocal groups that are trying to educate citizens on the need to transition to renewable energy sources, as well as offer a viable solution. Part of their potential resides in the business model, a new setup for the energy market in Romania. As members of the cooperative, consumers have the option to become investors in the company itself and members of a wider community of green energy promoters.
"The aim is to supply green electricity to consumers and to produce green electricity in Romania (...). The only options that are economically feasible and make sense for the planet and us are larger shares of renewable energies because they are competitive, clean, and easy to build."
To take off again after a period of stagnation, renewable energy development in Romania will need to surpass multiple challenges.
First, there is no current framework of political support for renewable energy. Andrei Ilas points at the need for a long-term legislative framework to support the development of renewable-energy-based infrastructure, as well as more market support, as incumbents are currently favored.
Another challenge is avoiding the destabilization of local communities, reliant on fossil fuels such as coal.
Unfortunately, there's no discussion in Romania about when to retire coal generation due to the social situation in the regions that rely on coal. (....) It needs fiscal transfer to pay off those who stand to lose for a few years, then a lot of policies at the local level just to allow people to reconvert professionally, to invest in other infrastructure (...)."
Despite current conditions, future investment in local renewable projects and cleantech, coupled with education of the public are part of the necessary efforts to unlock Romania's untapped renewable energy potential.
Tags: cleantechsustainability innovation
Antoanela Ionita
Antoanela is a Deputy Editor at The Recursive, where she writes about climate tech, blockchain, and other high-impact innovations in Southeast Europe. She loves complex topics and translating geek to chic. Her holy grail is telling stories that have great potential for social and environmental impact. Prior to becoming a full-time journalist, she worked in various sustainability roles.
Ampeco With $13M Series A Backed by BMW iVentures to Charge North America's EVs
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Our last article left us inspired and proud of our Bronxcite female rapper Cardi B. Bronx stand up!
Shout out to fashion designer Ralph Lauren, actor and comedian Tracy Morgan, A Boogie Wit Da Hoodie, a new upcoming rapper, and Stan Lee the well-renown American comic book writer, editor, and publisher, who recently passed away on 11/12/2018, all alumni of DeWitt Clinton High School like myself (Monroe) to name a few. Let us take a moment to appreciate these artists who grew up in the Bronx and became very successful. Each person mentioned have all made a brand for themselves, unique and irreplaceable.
Will Marvel be the same moving forward without their original mastermind? Rest in peace Stan Lee, you have made a stamp in this world that will remain legendary. As a proud Bronxinian, I wanted to take a moment to appreciate some artists that have inspired the world and represent my hometown!


We have found 38 lawyers, attorneys or law firms for Bankruptcy Law in Oklahoma.
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The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has confirmed the presence of potato rot nematode (PRN) (Ditylenchus destructor) of garlic bulbs grown on a small farming operation in the Ottawa region of Ontario.
CFIA, in collaboration with the affected land owner and producer, have implemented strict quarantine measures on the affected property, which includes movement prohibitions on soil and restrictions on the end use of any harvested plant materials from the infested field to prevent the spread of this pest. The investigation into the source and the extent of the infestation is ongoing as the CFIA works together with affected stakeholders.
Under IPPC Standards (e.g. ISPM No. 8), the status of PRN in Canada is considered present (only in some areas) and under official control.


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California Wildfires – Emerald Triangle
Image Courtesy HeartRock Farms
SPARKS START AN INFERNO
Three weeks have passed since the Carr Fire started. The blaze is currently considered the biggest in the history of the United States scorching Shasta and Trinity Counties in California. Authorities have determined that sparks from a flat tire ignited dry vegetation that turned into a seemingly uncontrollable inferno. Entire forest areas and towns have been reduced to ash along the two counties. Current updates estimate the situation will be contained by September, but the damage so far has been unimaginably devastating. The city of Redding was first to conduct evacuations when the fire jumped Sacramento River and burned most of the area followed by Summit City, Keswick, Lewiston, and French Gulch.
From July 25 until the next day, the fire destroyed more than 20,000 acres of land. A fire whirl in Redding was one of the freakish features of the conflagration. Fire crews have built containment lines with great difficulty. An unnamed contract firefighter was the first fatality. Three firefighters from Marin County also sustained severe burns. Firefighter Jeremy Stoke however was not so lucky and was the second one to lose his life fighting the blaze. On July 28, Melody Bledsoe was not able to evacuate their Redding home and died with her two grandchildren Emily and James Roberts Jr. The next day the fire claimed another victim, a PG&E employee. Cal Fire heavy equipment operator Andrew Brake was killed in a traffic accident August 9th along Highway 99 in Tehama County. Draper City Battalion Chief Matthew Burchett of Draper City Fire Department is the latest fatality when he succumbed to injuries while working on the Mendocino Fire near Pillsbury, California.
Latest update from Cal Fire has reported 207,162 acres scorched with 65 percent of the fire contained. As for property damage, 1,077 residences have been destroyed, 22 commercial structures, 500 outbuildings, with 113 still threatened.These numbers are not final though. More than four-thousand fire personnel are now involved along with hundreds of fire engines.
CANNABIS FARMS SAVED FROM FLAMES BUT SUFFER PRODUCTION DELAYS
The Golden State is also the agricultural mammoth of the U.S., followed by Iowa and Nebraska. With more than 200 different crops grown, it has the highest economic production among the states. Aside from grains, cattle, fruits, and vegetables, California is also the biggest contributor to the cannabis industry in the U.S.
Cannabis farmers are among those threatened by the fire. Last year, Rolling Stone reported 30 to 40 percent of cannabis farmers have been affected. The worst seems yet to come for the industry that has only began to pick up the pace for legal recreational cannabis. It looks as if nature itself is a bigger threat than anti-cannabis politicians and other groups with their thumbs down for the cannabis market.
With its nearly 40 million population, more than a million patients rely on cannabis for their medical needs. The state has about one third of the North American market. Since the legalization of recreational use, Business Insider predicts sales of up to 5.1 billion dollars by 2019.
Mendocino Clone Company has been growing for 24 years and has a new nursery operating in Mendocino County for just two years. The Ranch fire started July 27 just across the valley from their location to the southwest. It burned to the south and spent the last 2 weeks burning its way around the farm to the East. It started about 3 miles away, approached about 1/2 mile away and has spent the last 10 days about 1.5 miles away burning behind the ridge above a house. Personnel did not elect to leave as the winds were favorable and they figured they had about 8 hours of observing the behavior of the fire before it became a threat to them. Everything had been loaded and ready to be moved if the situation worsened. Luckily, fire did not reach them, and they did not lose product or mother plants but have lost nearly 2 weeks of production because employees could not cross the police barricade to come to work as they are in an evacuation zone. Many labor hours were wasted while preparing to evacuate. Lost revenue and labor costs are estimated at $20,000 to $30,000.
Heartrock Farm, east of Potter Valley was fortunate as well not to be reached by the fire. When the blaze jumped the 60 break above the farm, personnel decided to leave and return in the morning. Cal Fire trucks and volunteers were present to keep the flames from reaching the farm. The situation was put under control and it was saved.
The two farms are part of Mendocino Generations headed by President and Director Chiah Rodiques. This alliance of 60 farms has been contributing to the growth of the cannabis industry for years. Following this experience, they are now more vigilant, working together to prevent fires from happening.
The situation has caused labor and production delays for farmers in affected areas. With legal regulatory problems plaguing cannabis, it remains to be seen if farmers can catch up to the growing demand which they are running behind schedule for the next year.
Emerald Magazine
Related Items:anti cannabis politics, california fires, California Wildfires, cannabis, cannabis crop, cannabis farms, cattle. fruit fires, Edibles Magazine, evacuation, fire, fire crews, fire engines, fire whirl, grains, Iowa, medocino, nebraska, redding
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Approx 4 1/2 acres on Sapp Road in close proximity to the St. Lucie County International Airport, which has recently expanded service to the Bahamas. Near the Free Trade Zone. Light Industrial = manufacturing, warehousing, wholesale, commercial, engineering, architectural and surveying services, construction contractors & similar uses. Uses may perform a support role for uses in other industrial zones. Truss plants & other commercial uses are allowed. Maverick Boats is in the area, as well as a local brewery, & much more. Does not appear to have wetlands. Easy access off of St. Lucie Blvd to Interstate 95 & Turnpike. Near 25th Street. The property is presently wooded. Electric pole is in front of the property, serviced by Fort Pierce Utilities. Water & sewer lines are on St. Lucie Blvd.


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Q: FragmentStatePagerAdapter returning same fragment in current page and cached page I am using FragmentStatePagerAdapter to load fragment with viewpager with tab layout. I am passing different id's to load same fragment with different data in getItem() but it is always returning fragment with same data on first time and when I swipe through next screens and came back to first screen then it will showing correct data.
Any solution or info is very helpful.
I am calling adapter like this in my onCreate() and it always return same data for position 0 and 1.
    MyPagerAdapter adapter = new MyPagerAdapter (getSupportFragmentManager(),bundle);
    viewPager.setAdapter(adapter);
    tabLayout.setupWithViewPager(viewPager);

My Adapter
    static class MyPagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {

    private  Bundle b;

    public MyPagerAdapter (FragmentManager fm,Bundle b) {
        super(fm);
        this.b=b;
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {

        ContentListFragment fragment = new ContentListFragment();

        b.putString("id", tabList.get(position).get("id"));
        fragment.setArguments(b);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return  tabList.size();
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
        return tabList.get(position).get("title");
    }

}

Edit
ContentListFragment.java
public class ContentListFragment extends Fragment{

private static final String TAG="ContentListFragment";
private String id,type;
private TextView norecord;
private View rootView;

private List<AppReading> appReadingList;
private RecyclerView recyclerView;
private ContentRecyclerAdapter adapter;

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
        Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    Log.d(TAG, "onCreateView");
    rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.content_list, container,false);

    initView();
    initData();

    return rootView;
}

private void initView() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    norecord=(TextView)rootView.findViewById(R.id.norecord);
    recyclerView=(RecyclerView) rootView.findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
    recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity()));
}

private void initData() {
    id=getArguments().getString("id");
    getContentList(category);
}

// Get records by category
private void getContentList(String id){
    Log.d(TAG, "getContentList: "+id);
    Dao dao=new Dao(getActivity());
    dao.open();
    appReadingList=dao.getContentList(id);
    dao.close();

    //Set adapter if data available
    if(appReadingList.size()>0){
        adapter=new ContentRecyclerAdapter();

        recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(getActivity(),R.drawable.divider));
        recyclerView.setItemAnimator(new FadeInLeftAnimator());
        recyclerView.setAdapter(new SlideInLeftAnimationAdapter(adapter));
    }else{
        norecord.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        recyclerView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
    }
}

private class ContentRecyclerAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<ContentRecyclerAdapter.ViewHolder>{

    @Override
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View v = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.listitem, parent, false);
        ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(v);
        return  holder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder,final int position) {

        holder.itemContent.setText(appReadingList.get(position).getTitle());
        holder.itemDate.setText(appReadingList.get(position).getAddDate());

    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return appReadingList.size();
    }

    @Override
    public void onAttachedToRecyclerView(RecyclerView recyclerView) {
        super.onAttachedToRecyclerView(recyclerView);
    }

    class ViewHolder extends  RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        TextView itemContent, itemDate ;
        RelativeLayout listItem;

        ViewHolder(View itemView){
            super(itemView);
            itemContent = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.itemcontent);
            itemDate = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.itemdate);
            listItem=(RelativeLayout) itemView.findViewById(R.id.rlListItem);
        }
    }
}


What is it? Development Impact & You (DIY) provides the best practical tools out there in developing ideas and making impact.
Who uses it? Anyone looking to further develop an idea, refine it or adapt it.
How can it help? Utilize a variety of proven tools that enable looking ahead, developing a clear plan, clarifying priorities and testing and improving ideas and more.


£45,00 hand delivery in the Kingston Upon Thames Area of London.
£60,00 Pound (CONVERTER), postage and packing included.
A rainy day. Fogged windows, water running down the windows, cutting the descent of the tears on face.
Un giorno di pioggia. Vetri appannati, acqua che cola sui vetri delle finestre, incidendo la discesa delle lacrime sul viso.


Komlan Sangbana is an Associate Researcher at the Platform for International Freshwater Law, Geneva Water Hub (Faculty of Law) and the Environmental Governance and Territorial Development Hub, Institute of Environmental Sciences at the University of Geneva. Since January 2017, he has acted as a consultant to the Secretariat of the UNECE Convention for the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes. Between 2010 to 2015, Mr. Sangbana was a Teaching and Research Assistant for the Department of International Law and International Organizations within the Faculty of Law at the University of Geneva. In 2016, he became a Post-doc Researcher at the Institute of Environmental Sciences (University of Geneva). He has also been a visiting scholar to the Faculty of Law of the University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom). Mr. Sangbana has also served as a legal expert to several international institutions such as the Green Cross International, Global Water Partnership and Waterlex on projects related to the governance of transboundary basins in Africa. He is often invited to speak at conferences and training programs in Europe and Africa. A member of the African Society for International Law, Mr. Sangbana holds a postgraduate degree in Public Law from the University of Lome (Togo) and a Doctorate in International Law from the University of Geneva (Switzerland).


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Uk tri-service leather gloves worn on parade duties. Made from 100% grain sheep nappa leather, featuring dome and stud fastening at wrist, centre palm vent and three plain points across the back of each hand
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after element before element


Using Painter 12, Cher Threinen-Pendarvis shows you how to set Brush Tracking, sketch a composition, build a color theme using the Mixer, create a painting using the Oils and Real Wet Oil brushes, and blend color and add final details.
For Lennox Twilight, one in a series of paintings of New South Wales, Australia, we wanted to achieve the feeling of an old world oil painting. We painted using a variety of Oils brushes in Painter, beginning the study with a sketch, then using Oils brushes that incorporate RealBristle capabilities. Next we used Real Wet Oils brushes to scrub color in areas and to push and pull paint. To finish, we added details with the Real Short Oils brush, among others.
Setting Brush Tracking. Some of the Oils brushes incorporate RealBristle capabilities, which means they are more sensitive to the movement and pressure of your hand than other brushes. Brush Tracking allows you to customize how Painter interprets the input of your stylus, including parameters such as pressure and speed. Choose Edit (Win) or Corel Painter 12 (Mac), Preferences, Brush Tracking, make a representative brushstroke in the window and then click OK. For instance, if you plan to use both light and heavy pressure while painting quickly and then slowly, try to make a brushstroke in the window that includes all of these factors.
Planning the composition and sketching. Working in Painter, we created a black-and-white drawing using location sketches and photos as references. If you prefer, you can scan a conventional drawing and open it in Painter.
The process of sketching will help you to become familiar with your subject. To sketch as we did, choose the Real 2B variant of Pencils in the Brush Selector. Next, click the -Paper Selector in the Toolbox and choose a coarse, natural texture (try Coarse Cotton Canvas). This is the paper texture that you'll use during the development of your entire image. Open a new file (File, New), and enter dimensions in the fields (this project uses a 1500 x 1000 pixel file). For this project, sketching is done on a layer, and the -painting is done on the -Canvas. Add a new layer to your image by clicking the New -Layer button on the Layers panel. A layer titled Layer 1 appears in the Layers panel. Use the Real 2B Pencil to sketch your composition. When you are satisfied with your sketch, save it.
Building a color theme for the painting. Next, we used the Mixer to mix colors for the painting based on more saturated versions of the colors. With the Mixer, Painter gives the you the experience of dipping your brush in colors and then applying the paint to your image. If the Mixer is not visible, choose Window, Color Panels, Mixer. It's helpful at this stage to have both the Color panel and Mixer open. You can choose a color from the Color panel, or from the color wells at the top of the Mixer, or you can sample color from an image using the Dropper in the Toolbox (or the Brush with Alt/Option). Apply color with the Add Color tool (second from the left) at the bottom of the Mixer Pad. The Dirty Brush mode is active by default. The Dirty Brush mode allows you to mix new colors with color you have previously applied to the Mixer pad. (Disable the Dirty Brush mode by clicking on the button if you want purer colors, as we did.) You can pick up multiple colors from the Mixer pad with the Sample Multiple Colors tool (the eyedropper with the circle at the bottom of the Mixer) and then use the RealBristle Oils brushes to apply the multi-colored paint to your image.
Figure 3 The Mix Color tool is chosen in the Mixer.
Building an underpainting with the Oils. When painting with watercolor, acrylics or oil, we usually begin with large brushes, and we work quickly and loosely to rough out the composition. Choose the Real Oils Short variant of Oils from the Brush Selector. The Real Oils Short is a good brush for quickly laying in color for the underpainting. Begin painting the background areas using broad brushstrokes. The Real Round variant of Oils is also a good choice. To paint while showing rich bristle marks, try the Real Short Fan brush. Don't focus on details at this stage.
Focusing on the composition, the forms and the lighting, we loosely blocked in the shapes and base values, resizing the brushes as we worked. Then we began to use a wider range of values to establish the light on the forms. We expressively painted the clouds and landscape forms without restricting the brushwork to staying within the lines of the tight sketch. As we worked, we continued to use the Mixer as our paint -palette to pick up color and the two Oils brushes to apply the paint to the Canvas. When your underpainting is as you like it, delete the sketch layer by clicking on it in the Layers panel and then clicking the trash can. Save a new version of your file (we named ours Lennox Underpaint).
Modulating color and sculpting forms. Next we used the Oils and Real Wet Oils to layer strokes to build more complex color areas. The Oil brushes with RealBristle qualities allow you to paint multiple colors with expressive, realistic bristle brush marks. The Real Wet Oils have very different qualities; with them you can achieve subtle paint application, blending and a liquid feel.
The Real Wet Oil media can be combined with other Painter media such as the Oils, Acrylic or Gouache. With the Wet Oils variant for instance, you can apply pigment to the canvas or layers, and then blend, move or erode it with Turpentine brushes. For more about the Real Wet Oils, see the "A Painter Artists' Oils and Real Oils Primer."
The direction of the brushstrokes helps to establish the forms and add dynamic energy to the image. We layered color over color, creating striations in the colored paint (to sculpt the rugged terrain on the headland), and to suggest the forms in the foreground.
To blend color as we painted, we used the Real Tapered Wet Flat. This brush allowed us to move and blend paint without applying much new paint. If you keep the brush pressed to the Canvas, and brush back and forth over an area, you can build smooth, blended transitions between colors. Switching between the Real Tapered Wet Flat and the Real Oils Short variants of Oils, we painted, pulled and blended colors, rendering the forms using expressive strokes. This brushwork is most visible on the water, in the clouds, and in a few areas of the foreground.
Refining and adding details.	Now, zoom in to 100% and take a closer look at your brushwork. What areas need refinement? To paint crisper edges on some of the headland, we used a small version of the Real Oils Short. To add accents of brighter opaque color to a few areas, we used a small version of the Real Flat Opaque variant of Oils. For richer brush textures on the background, we sampled color from the image using the Dropper tool, and then switched to the Real Fan Short variant of Oils. Using the Real Fan Short, we loosely brushed back and forth in a soft cross-hatch pattern--—which can be seen on the headland and foreground.
When we wanted a wetter oil look, we switched to the Wet Oils variant of Real Wet Oils and applied pigment with this brush. Using the Dropper, we sampled a different color every few strokes, then painted. To move small areas of paint, we reduced the size of the Turpentine Blender variant of Real Wet Oil to about 9–12 pixels. This brush work is most noticeable on the brighter clouds and in the lighter areas of the headland.
Experiment with each of the described brushes to get a feeling for how they apply pigment and blend it on the canvas. Use them freely as you paint your landscape.
To add final touches to the landscape, we used the Real Oils Short, Real Short Fan and the Real Tapered Wet Flat. First, we painted subtle translucent strokes of lighter green and rust onto the foreground, using gentle, curved strokes that followed the direction of the forms. We also painted lighter blue strokes onto the water and brightened a few highlights on the clouds and on the headland.
Figure 6 Detail of the nearly completed headland. The lighter rust color is painted with the Wet Oil variant of Real Wet Oil.


I want to store some variable values on an event in log history or tranfer data to excel or any other file.
You need the calculation Aspect. In the calculation aspect you can define an event (Variable, Properties) and the Data (Variable, Properties) which you like to log.
You need to use the "Lab Data" Log Template Type and not Type "Direct"
I am also using the logging with the calculation aspect for some event logging, works well.


text:
In association football, a playmaker is a player who controls the flow of the team's play, and is often involved in  offensively and defensively playing passing moves which lead to goals, through their vision, technique, ball control, creativity and passing ability.

In English football, the term overlaps somewhat with an attacking midfielder, but the two types of midfielders are not necessarily the same, as playmakers are not necessarily constrained to a single position. Several playmakers can also operate on the wings or as a creative, supporting striker; some can also function in a more central midfield role, alternating between playing in more offensive roles and participating in the build-up plays in the midfield. Other players still function as deep-lying playmakers, in a free role, behind the midfield line. Playmakers are not usually known for their defensive capabilities, which is why they are often supported by a defensive midfielder. As many midfielders and forwards have the aforementioned creative and technical attributes, they tend to be the playmakers of a team.

Advanced playmakers

The most complete and versatile playmakers are often known as advanced playmakers, or free-role playmakers, as they can operate both in central, attacking midfield positions, and in wider positions on the wings. The attacking playmakers are sometimes called the "number 10" of the team, as they often wear the number 10 jersey. The attacking midfield playmaker will sit in a free role between the midfield and the forwards, either in the centre of the pitch or on either flank. These offensive playmakers will often make incisive passes to the wingers or forwards, seeing them through on goal or to deliver killer crosses, as well as scoring goals themselves. They are also usually quick, agile, and highly technical players with good vision, shooting, passing, crossing and dribbling ability; they are known for scoring goals as well as providing assists, through-balls, and initiating attacking plays. In Italian football, as creative, technical, advanced playmakers are known not to be reserved to a single position, they are often described as the "fantasista" or "trequartista". In Brazil, the offensive playmaker is known as the "meia atacante", whereas in Argentina, it is known as the "enganche". In the English language, this position is sometimes colloquially referred to as playing "in the hole", as these playmakers often link the midfield and attack by essentially operating in the gap between the opposition's midfield and defence. Diego Maradona, Zico, Michel Platini, Marta, Pelé, Zinedine Zidane, Jay-Jay Okocha, Roberto Baggio, Rui Costa, Michael Laudrup, Gheorghe Hagi, and Francesco Totti are some examples of footballers who have been fielded as advanced midfield playmakers throughout their career.

Deep-lying playmakers

Deep-lying playmakers, who often wear jersey numbers 8, 6 or 5 (particularly in South American football), operate from a deep position, in or even behind the main midfield line in a seemingly central or defensive midfield role, where they can use space and time on the ball to dictate the tempo of their team's play and orchestrate the moves of the whole team, not just attacks on goal. Deep-lying playmakers are often known for their vision, technique and passing. Many are also known for their ability to switch the play or provide long passes that pick out players making attacking runs, as well as their striking ability from distance. Although several deep-lying playmakers are not known for their tackling, work-rate, or defensive skills, it has become more common for a box-to-box midfielder with good passing, technique, vision and ball-winning ability, such as Yaya Touré, to play in this role, since it is in a similar position to that of a defensive midfielder, and the role allows them to break down plays and subsequently create scoring opportunities themselves after winning back possession. In a 2013 article for The Guardian, writer Jonathan Wilson described this unique creative holding midfield role as that of a "creator," citing Xabi Alonso as a typical example of player who operated in this position, noting that: "Xabi Alonso, although capable of making tackles, focused on keeping the ball moving, occasionally raking long passes out to the flanks to change the angle of attack like an old-style regista."

In Italy, the deep-lying playmaker is known as a "regista", whereas in Brazil, it is known as a "meia-armador". In Italy, the role of the regista developed from the centre half-back or centromediano metodista position in Vittorio Pozzo's metodo system (a precursor of the central or holding midfield position in the 2–3–2–3 formation), as the metodista'''s responsibilities were not entirely defensive but also creative; as such, the metodista was not solely tasked with breaking down possession, but also with starting attacking plays after winning back the ball. Xavi, Andrea Pirlo, Toni Kroos, Luka Modrić, Michael Carrick, Paul Scholes, Miralem Pjanić, Jorginho, and Pep Guardiola are some more examples of players, who operated as deep-lying playmakers throughout their careers.

Other variants

Playmakers are not necessarily constrained to a single position; many attacking playmakers in modern football play a combination of these different attacking roles, often operating in a free position. Some playmakers can also function in a more central midfield role, or can even be given the freedom to alternate between playing in more offensive creative roles and participating in the build-up plays and controlling the team's tempo in a deeper midfield position, such as Zinedine Zidane, Nécib, or Juan Román Riquelme. Creativity, skill, vision, technique, tactical awareness and good passing ability are the true requirements of a good playmaker. With the increasing physical and athletic demands of modern football, it has also become increasingly common for midfield playmakers, in particular those who are known for their dynamism, ability to read the game, and work-rate off the ball, to play in deeper roles and be given more defensive responsibilities, in addition to their creative duties: midfielders such as Bastian Schweinsteiger, Toni Kroos, and Paul Pogba often play in the centre of the pitch and occupy multiple roles, functioning both as box-to-box midfielders and creators, usually dropping back and helping to press opponents and win back possession, and then subsequently either carrying the ball forward, or dictating play and starting an attack with their vision, technique, and passing.

According to Jonathan Wilson, Luka Modrić is another example of a midfielder who occupies multiple roles on the pitch; although he initially started out as an attacking midfielder at Dinamo Zagreb, he was moved into a deeper central midfield playmaking role during his time with Tottenham, which enabled him to conduct the attack and create chances for teammates. He continued to play in a deeper midfield role in Real Madrid's 4–2–3–1 system. However, Wilson has noted that, although Modrić seemingly plays as a holding midfielder, he is "neither entirely destructive or creative", but a "carrier" who is "capable of making late runs or carrying the ball at his feet", but in his case "with a hint of regista".

Winger

Advanced playmakers can also operate on the wings, in more of a wide offensive position, as a half-winger, inverted winger, or also as an outside forward, in a 4–3–3 or a 4–2–3–1 formation. This position has become more common for offensive playmakers to carry out in recent years, as formations that employ a purely attacking playmaker, such as the 4–3–1–2/4–1–2–1–2, can often cause teams defensive problems when possession is lost, as attacking midfielders are not usually renowned for their defensive contribution, although modern playmakers are often more tactically responsible in this respect than classical playmakers. This position also allows players to take on defenders in one on one situations along the flank, cut inside to the centre of the pitch with the ball, and either shoot on goal with their stronger foot, or provide in-swinging lobbed passes or crosses. Lionel Messi, for example, who is naturally left-footed, was initially deployed in this position on the right under his former Barcelona manager Frank Rijkaard, alongside the right-footed Ronaldinho on the left side of the pitch. Some playmakers, such as David Beckham, even operate as a wide midfielder in a 4–4–2, using their vision to find teammates making runs, to whom they can then deliver long passes and curling crosses, although this position of a "pure winger" has become less common in modern formations.

Nine and a half

There are also other similar variants upon the advanced playmaking role. Other advanced playmakers seemingly operate as a free, creative second striker, or inside-forward, often playing on the wing, alongside a main striker, or even down the centre of the pitch, and then falling back into a deeper role to link up the midfield and the attack. Attacking midfielder/playmaker Michel Platini would describe this more advanced creative role (exemplified by Roberto Baggio) as a nine and a half ("nove e mezzo", in Italian), as it was halfway between the role of a goalscoring forward (shirt number 9) and a playmaking attacking midfielder (shirt number 10).

This free position allowed these mobile, creative, and technical players, who were also often gifted with an eye for goal as well as good vision, acceleration, and ball skills, the freedom to burst forward suddenly and make dribbling runs, drop deep to lose their markers and pick up the ball, link-up with teammates, and score many goals themselves as well as assisting them. Unlike a pure number ten playmaker, however, the nine and a half/supporting forward does not usually participate in the build-up play as much as an attacking midfielder would. Their role is primarily that of an assist-provider, who can play one-twos as well as hold up and lay-off the ball for more offensive teammates. As the supporting forward initially originated from free-role attacking midfielders adapting to a more advanced position in the tactically rigorous 4–4–2 formations of the 1990s, in which they were often paired up with a more physically gifted out-and-out striker, their defensive contribution is also usually higher than that of a pure number ten playmaker.

In Italy, this role is known as a "rifinitore" or "seconda punta", whereas in Brazil, it is known as a "segundo atacante" or "ponta-de-lança."

False nine

A variation upon the deep-lying forward, more commonly known as a "false 9" also shares some similarities with the attacking midfielder role, although the false-9 player appears to be playing as a centre forward rather than as an attacking midfielder. A false-9 is often a quick, nimble, diminutive, creative, and technical player, with good vision, movement, positioning, and passing ability, as well as a penchant for scoring goals. The false-9, seemingly playing as a lone striker, will drop deep into the midfield number 10 role, drawing defenders with them, and creating space for other teammates to make attacking runs. This allows the false-9 space to dribble with the ball and score, or to provide other players running into the space they created with assists. Examples of false-9s are Lionel Messi under Pep Guardiola, Tito Vilanova and Gerardo Martino at Barcelona, Cesc Fàbregas with Spain under Vicente del Bosque, Francesco Totti at Roma under Luciano Spalletti and Rudi Garcia, and Roberto Firmino under Jurgen Klopp. This position is most common in a 4–6–0 formation disguised as a 4–3–3 or 4–2–3–1 formation. In Italian football jargon, this role is known as the "centravanti di manovra" (which literally translates to "manoeuvring centre-forward").

False ten

In addition to their creative responsibilities while in possession, in the modern game, advanced playmakers are also given more duties off the ball than in the past, and are also required to have a higher defensive work-rate; as such, the role of the number 10 has changed in recent years, and formations that utilise a traditional advanced playmaker have become less common. In formations that still do employ an attacking midfielder, however, the number 10 role has instead been described as the "false 10" role (or sometimes it is even described as that of a "central winger"). The false-10 also shares similar attributes to a false-9, and is often used in a 4–2–3–1 formation. A false-10 is also usually a quick, offensive, technical and creative player, who is apparently playing in deeper role than a false-9 however, usually starting in the attacking midfielder position behind the striker, or occasionally as a winger, as the role is often interpreted by players who naturally play in these positions. As such, the false-10 is often a more dynamic rather than static player, who is tasked with pulling opponents out of position with their movement; indeed, the false-10 will often surprise defenders by moving out of position, drifting out wide, onto the wing, creating space for other players, in particular the full-backs and midfielders, to make attacking runs, either by overloading the flanks, or by drawing opponents out of position. The false 10 will then advance along the flank and provide deliveries into the box for teammates, or pass the ball to a free teammate who is exploiting the newly created space, either on the wing or in the centre. Defensively, they will often participate in their team's pressing game in order to help win back possession; they may also be tasked with finding gaps in the opposing defence and making late runs into the penalty box themselves.

The false-10 can also function alongside a false-9 on occasion, in a 4–3–3 (4–6–0) formation, or in a 4–2–3–1 formation. When other forwards or false-9s draw defenders away from the false-10s, creating space in the middle of the pitch, the false-10 will then also surprise defenders by moving out of position once again, often undertaking offensive dribbling runs forward, or running on to passes from false-9s, leading to goals and assists. This role was effectively demonstrated by Wesley Sneijder and Mesut Özil during the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

False attacking midfielder

The false-10 (or false attacking midfielder) description has also been used in a slightly different manner in Italian football. The false attacking-midfielder is therefore usually a technical, mobile, and creative player with good vision, positioning, ball control and long passing ability, as well as being a player with respectable defensive attributes, and good long distance shooting ability. The false-10 performs in a similar manner to the false-9, although seemingly playing in the number 10 role, but still drawing opposition players back into the midfield. The false-10 will eventually sit in a central midfield role and function as a deep-lying playmaker, creating space for other players to make attacking runs and receive long passes from the midfield playmakers. In addition to their creative duties, the false attacking midfielder is also often tasked with dropping deep into midfield to assist their team defensively and help retrieved possession.

False winger
The "false winger" or "seven–and–a–half" is instead a label which has been used to describe a creative type of player who normally plays centrally, but who instead is deployed out wide on paper; during the course of a match, however, they will move inside and operate in the centre of the pitch, in order to drag defenders out of position, congest the midfield and give their team a numerical advantage in this area, so that they can dictate play with their passing, dominate possession in the middle of the pitch, and create chances for their attacking teammates; this position also leaves space for full-backs to make overlapping attacking runs up the flank. Samir Nasri, who has been deployed in this role, once described it as that of a "non-axial playmaker."

Playmaking in other positions
Sweeper
It is also possible for a sweeper (or "libero", in Italian) to operate as a team's secondary playmaker; this position is often associated with former central defenders, such as Franz Beckenbauer, Franco Baresi, Ronald Koeman, Fernando Hierro, Aldair and Gaetano Scirea, who possessed good ball skills, vision, and long passing ability. Although this position has become largely obsolete in modern football formations, due to the use of zonal marking, players such as Daniele De Rossi, Jérôme Boateng, Mats Hummels, Leonardo Bonucci, and David Luiz have played a similar role as a ball-playing centre-back in a three-man back-line. Their technique and ball-playing ability allow them to advance into midfield and function as a secondary playmaker for the team, in order to create goal-scoring chances when their team's primary deep-lying midfield playmaker is being heavily marked by the opposition.

Sweeper-keeper

To some limited extent, it is also possible for goalkeepers with good ball skills, vision, passing, long-throwing, and kicking ability to launch counter-attacks and create scoring opportunities; goalkeepers such as René Higuita, Fabien Barthez, Edwin van der Sar and most recently Manuel Neuer, Claudio Bravo, and Ederson Moraes for example, among others, are known for their adeptness with the ball at their feet, and their long passing accuracy from goal kicks; their playing style has led several pundits to dub them as "sweeper-keepers" or playmakers.Tim Vickery (10 February 2010). "The Legacy of Rene Higuita". BBC. Retrieved 11 June 2014

Qualities of a good playmaker

Perhaps the most important quality of a playmaker is the vision and ability to read the game, and to get into good positions making for effective reception and distribution of the ball. Intuition and creativity are other key elements of a playmaker's game, as they need to know where different players are at different times, without taking too long to dwell on the ball. A good playmaker possesses good ball control, balance, technical ability, and dribbling skills, and will often hold possession, allowing other team members to make attacking runs. The ostensible role of the playmaker is to then provide or facilitate the final pass which leads to a goal. In football terminology, this is often known as a killer ball or the final ball, and is officially recorded as an assist.

Advanced playmakers are often known for their ability to score goals as well as their technical skills, passing, and chance creation ability. They are often – but not always – quick, agile, and mobile players, with good tactical intelligence; their movement off the ball is just as important as their movement on the ball, as they must create space for further attacking plays. Many playmakers are also free-kick, penalty, and dead-ball specialists, who are also capable of curling the ball into the box from set pieces, providing further deliveries for teammates, although this is not necessarily a trait that is required to be a playmaker.

Playmakers and tactics
English football

Classical number 10 and deep-lying playmakers are not often renowned for their tackling or defensive capabilities, hence English commentators have often seen them as a luxury in a football team, but they retain their places due to their ability to change games. Because of this, it became common in the past for box-to-box midfielders with good vision, tackling, tactical intelligence, passing and technical ability to play in the playmaker role in England, as shown by various coaches employing players such as Paul Scholes, Steven Gerrard, Frank Lampard, Yaya Touré and Xabi Alonso in this position. In a 4–4–2 formation, a playmaker will usually play alongside a defensive midfield player to ensure that the team is not vulnerable to attack. With different formations, however, a team may play with multiple playmakers. Most English teams usually use only one playmaker to minimize defensive frailties and also because using more than one may inhibit each playmaker's playing style. The downside to this approach is that a team lacks the necessary creativity when faced with a defensive opponent. Some contemporary teams using formations such as 4–2–3–1, 4–4–1–1, 4–5–1, and 4–1–2–1–2/4–3–1–2, have multiple playmakers. Some examples of the few notable English players in this position are Paul Gascoigne and Glenn Hoddle, while most playmakers have tended to be foreigners in the Premier League.

Italian football
Carlo Mazzone and Carlo Ancelotti were known for having been able to adopt their formations to allow them to implement various playmakers into their starting formation. At Brescia, Mazzone moved Andrea Pirlo, originally an attacking midfielder, into the deep-lying role behind the midfield, whilst Roberto Baggio played the attacking midfielder role. For Milan, Ancelotti made a similar move, also employing Pirlo as a deep-lying playmaker, allowing Rivaldo or Rui Costa, and later Kaká, to play as an attacking midfielder, whilst Clarence Seedorf and either Gennaro Gattuso or Massimo Ambrosini protected them defensively in Ancelotti's 4–4–2 midfield diamond formation. Due to the strength of Milan's midfield during his tenure with the club, Ancelotti was able to win several domestic and international titles. Marcello Lippi also utilised two playmakers during Italy's victorious 2006 FIFA World Cup campaign, fielding Francesco Totti in the advanced creative role behind the forwards, and Pirlo in the deep-lying playmaking role. The two playmakers were supported defensively by box-to-box midfielders, such as Daniele De Rossi, Gennaro Gattuso and Simone Perrotta; both Pirlo and Totti finished as two of the joint top-assist providers of the tournament.

Former Italy manager Ferruccio Valcareggi, however, devised a different strategy altogether, which allowed him to use two playmakers during his run to the 1970 World Cup final, where Italy was ultimately heavily defeated by Brazil. Due to his focus on defensive stability, as well as the presence of two pure, prolific goalscoring strikers, Gigi Riva and Roberto Boninsegna, Valcareggi felt that it would not be possible to field Italy's two most revered advanced playmakers at the time, Gianni Rivera, and Sandro Mazzola, alongside each other. He believed the two creative players to be incompatible with each other, due to the rivalry between their respective clubs, and as he felt that deploying both players alongside the forwards would offset the balance within the starting line-up, in particular as Rivera, unlike Mazzola, was not renowned for his athleticism or defensive work-rate. He therefore conceived the infamous "staffetta" (relay) game-plan, which essentially consisted of Mazzola playing the first half of each match, whilst Rivera would play the second half; during Valcareggi's eight-year tenure with Italy, the national side only lost six matches. Despite Italy's victory at UEFA Euro 1968 and their second-place finish at the 1970 World Cup, the tactic was widely criticised by the media, in particular due to Italy's poor performance during the group-stage and in the final, despite demonstrating their ability to successfully apply a more offensive, exciting style of play with Rivera in the semi-final against West Germany. During the 1998 World Cup, Italy manager Cesare Maldini underwent similar widespread media criticism for employing a strategy reminiscent of the 1970 "staffetta" between Roberto Baggio and Alessandro Del Piero, who alternated occupying the creative second striker role, alongside an out-and-out striker or centre-forward (usually Christian Vieri or occasionally Filippo Inzaghi) in a 4–4–2 formation; manager Giovanni Trapattoni was also initially criticised for not fielding playmakers Francesco Totti and Del Piero alongside each other during the 2002 World Cup.

During his run to the Euro 2012 final and the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup semi-finals, the former Italy coach Cesare Prandelli also used several playmakers in his squad; he often deployed either Riccardo Montolivo, Alberto Aquilani, Daniele De Rossi, Antonio Nocerino or Thiago Motta in the false 10 playmaking role, as well as in other midfield positions, in his 4–3–1–2 formation; this formation was devoid of an authentic attacking midfielder, and was centred on the midfielders constantly switching positions. Prandelli's midfield was focussed on the creative playmaking of Andrea Pirlo and Montolivo in their deep-lying playmaker and false attacking midfield roles, with Pirlo seemingly being deployed as a defensive midfielder in front of the defense, in order to be left with more time on the ball, in an "inverted" midfield diamond (4–1–3–2). Pirlo was supported defensively by dynamic box-to-box midfielders, such as Claudio Marchisio and De Rossi, due to his lack of pace or notable defensive ability. The space created by the movement of Montolivo as the false 10 allowed quicker, more offensive minded midfielders, such as Marchisio, to make attacking runs in order to receive Pirlo and Montolivo's long passes from the midfield, whilst the second striker Antonio Cassano would drop out wide onto the wing or into the attacking midfielder position to link up the play between the attack and midfield. As well as functioning as a playmaker, and creating space, in the false 10 role, Montolivo was also able to alleviate the pressure placed upon Pirlo in the deep lying playmaker role, by supporting him defensively and providing Pirlo and the team with a secondary creative option.

Although Helenio Herrera's famous catenaccio tactics during the years of "La Grande Inter" in the 1960s were primarily thought to be associated with defensive yet effective football, creative playmakers played a fundamental part in Inter Milan's success during this period. Herrera and former Grande Inter players, including Mazzola and Facchetti, would state that they felt the Grande Inter side to be more offensive than it was often made out to be, and that imitators of Herrera's catenaccio tactics had often replicated his pragmatic style of football imperfectly. Luis Suárez (formerly an offensive playmaker who had first flourished under Herrera's more fluid, offensive tactics at Barcelona) was the primary creative force of Herrera's Inter side, functioning as a deep-lying playmaker, due to his ball skills, vision and passing range. Sandro Mazzola, in the role of a winger, attacking midfielder, inside-right or supporting striker, and Armando Picchi in the Libero or sweeper position, would also function as secondary playmakers at times, as well as left-winger Mario Corso. Aside from the strength of the almost impenetrable defence, some of the key elements of Herrera's Inter side were the use of vertical football and very quick, efficient and spectacular counter-attacks, which would lead to goals being scored with very few touches and passes. This was made possible due to Herrera's use of very quick, energetic, offensive, two-way full-backs to launch counter-attacks, such as Giacinto Facchetti, and Tarcisio Burgnich.

The quick, energetic technical wingers (Jair da Costa and Mario Corso) and offensive midfielder/supporting striker (Mazzola), would also occasionally move into deeper positions to support the midfield creatively and defensively, leaving the fullbacks with space to attack, which frequently caught the opposing teams by surprise. In Herrera's flexible 5–3–2 formation at Inter, four man-marking defenders were tightly assigned to each opposing attacker while an extra sweeper would recover loose balls and double mark when necessary. Under Herrera, most frequently during away matches in Europe, the highly organised and disciplined Inter players would usually defend by sitting patiently behind the ball, often leading to very closely contested victories. Upon winning back possession, Picchi, usually a traditional and defensive minded sweeper, would often advance into the midfield, and occasionally play long balls to the forwards, or, more frequently, carry the ball and play it towards Luis Suárez, whose playmaking ability played a crucial role in Inter's adeptness at counter-attacking football. Due to Suárez's outstanding vision and passing ability, he could quickly launch the forwards or full-backs on counter-attacks with quick long passes once he had received the ball, usually allowing the fullbacks to advance towards goal and score, or to help create goal-scoring chances. Under Herrera, Inter won three Serie A titles (two of them won consecutively), two consecutive European Cups and two consecutive Intercontinental Cups, and he was given the nickname "Il Mago" due to his success and tactical prowess.

Spanish football

During his highly successful spell as the head coach of Barcelona, Pep Guardiola was able to incorporate several skillful players with playmaker qualities into his team, such as Xavi, Andrés Iniesta, Sergio Busquets, Cesc Fàbregas and Lionel Messi, through the use of his personal variation on tiki-taka tactics, allowing the team to move the ball around, switch positions, create space by making attacking runs, and retain possession. His use of heavy pressing in his 4–3–3 formation gave each player defensive responsibilities when possession was lost. Guardiola also frequently deployed Messi in the false-9 role, which was particularly effective due to the frequency of attacking runs made by the Barcelona players, as well as their disciplined positioning, team-work, vision, technical skills, creativity, and passing ability, which allowed Messi to create and score several goals.

Vicente del Bosque also incorporated similar tactics (such as the use of tiki-taka'', heavy pressing and the false-9 in a 4–3–3 or 4–6–0 formation) during his successful run of reaching three consecutive international finals as Spain's manager, between 2010 and 2013, winning the 2010 World Cup and UEFA Euro 2012. His tactics allowed several playmaking midfielders, such as Xabi Alonso, Sergio Busquets, Xavi, Andrés Iniesta, David Silva, Juan Mata and Cesc Fàbregas, to function together effectively.

See also

 Association football positions
 Formation
 Forward
 Midfielder
 Defender
 Goalkeeper
 Point guard, a basketball position with a similar role to the association football playmaker, and actually translated "playmaker" in several European languages
 Quarterback, an American Football position with a similar role to the association football deep-lying playmaker
 IFFHS World's Best Playmaker Award
 IFFHS World's Best Woman Playmaker Award

References

Association football terminology
Association football positions