text:
Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous plant in the Cannabis genus, a species of the Cannabaceae family. People have cultivated Cannabis sativa throughout recorded history as a source of industrial fibre, seed oil, food, recreation, religious and spiritual moods, and medicine. Each part of the plant is harvested differently, depending on the purpose of its use. The species was first classified by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753.
specific strain of cannabis
1 Common uses
2 Plant physiology
3 Cultivars
5 Chemical constituents
6 Difference between C. indica and C. sativa
Main articles: Industrial and personal uses of Cannabis, Cannabis (drug) and Hemp
Its seeds are chiefly used to make hempseed oil which can be used for cooking, lamps, lacquers, or paints. They can also be used as caged-bird feed, as they provide a moderate source of nutrients for most birds. The flowers (and to a lesser extent the leaves, stems, and seeds) contain psychoactive chemical compounds known as cannabinoids that are consumed for recreational, medicinal, and spiritual purposes. When so used, preparations of flowers (marijuana) and leaves and preparations derived from resinous extract (e.g.hashish) are consumed by smoking, vaporizing and oral ingestion. Historically, tinctures, teas, and ointments have also been common preparations. In traditional medicine of India in particular C. sativa has been used as hallucinogenic, hypnotic, sedative, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agent.
Main articles: Cannabis and Cannabis cultivation
The flowers of the female plant are arranged in racemes and can produce hundreds of seeds. Male plants shed their pollen and die several weeks prior to seed ripening on the female plants. Although genetic factors dispose a plant to become male or female, environmental factors including the diurnal light cycle can alter sexual expression.[citation needed] Naturally occurring monoecious plants, with both male and female parts, are either sterile or fertile but artificially induced "hermaphrodites" (a commonly used misnomer) can have fully functional reproductive organs. "Feminized" seed sold by many commercial seed suppliers are derived from artificially "hermaphrodytic" females that lack the male gene, or by treating the plants with hormones or silver thiosulfate. In the case of production related to recreational use of Cannabis, the process of "cloning" provides the grower with DNA identical female plants eliminating the need of seeds for the growing process.
A Cannabis plant in the vegetative growth phase of its life requires more than 12–13 hours of light per day to stay vegetative. Flowering usually occurs when darkness equals at least 12 hours per day. The flowering cycle can last anywhere between nine to fifteen weeks, depending on the strain and environmental conditions.
In soil, the optimum pH for the plant is 6.3 to 6.8. In hydroponic growing, the nutrient solution is best at 5.2 to 5.8, making Cannabis well-suited to hydroponics because this pH range is hostile to most bacteria and fungi.
Broadly, there are three main cultivar groups of cannabis that are cultivated today:
Cultivars primarily cultivated for their fibre, characterised by long stems and little branching.
Cultivars grown for seed which can be eaten entirely raw or from which hemp oil is extracted.
Cultivars grown for medicinal or recreational purposes. A nominal if not legal distinction is often made between industrial hemp, with concentrations of psychoactive compounds far too low to be useful for that purpose, and marijuana.
Main article: Cannabis (drug)
Although the main psychoactive constituent of Cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the plant is known to contain about sixty cannabinoids; however, most of these "minor" cannabinoids are only produced in trace amounts.Besides THC, another cannabinoid produced in high concentrations by some plants is cannabidiol(CBD), which is not psychoactive but has recently been shown to block the effect of THC in the nervous system. Differences in the chemical composition of Cannabis varieties may produce different effects in humans. Synthetic THC, called dronabinol, does not contain CBD, CBN, or other cannabinoids, which is one reason why its pharmacological effects may differ significantly from those of natural Cannabis preparations.
Chemical constituents
Cannabis chemical constituents include about 100 compounds responsible for its characteristic aroma. These are mainly volatile terpenes and sesquiterpenes.
α-Pinene
Myrcene
Trans-β-ocimene
α-Terpinolene
Trans-caryophyllene
α-Humulene, contributes to the characteristic aroma of Cannabis sativa
Caryophyllene-oxide, with which some hashish detection dogs are trained
Difference between C. indica and C. sativa
Cannabis sativa has a higher level of THC compared to CBD, while Cannabis indica has a higher level of CBD compared to THC.Cannabis strains with relatively high CBD:THC ratios are less likely to induce anxiety than vice versa. This may be due to CBD's antagonistic effects at the cannabinoid receptors, compared to THC's partial agonist effect. CBD is also a 5-HT1A receptor (serotonin) agonist, which may also contribute to an anxiolytic-content effect. This likely means the high concentrations of CBD found in Cannabis indica mitigate the anxiogenic effect of THC significantly. The effects of sativa are well known for its cerebral high, while indica is well known for its sedative effects which some prefer for night time use. Both types are used as medical cannabis. Indica plants are normally shorter and stockier than sativas. They have wide, deeply serrated leaves and a compact and dense flower cluster. The effects of indicas are predominantly physical and sedative.
Retrieved from "http://www.wikiweed.com/index.php?title=Cannabis_sativa&oldid=1901"


SmartLogic built the front-end of a highly-interactive web application that would work across desktops, tablets, and smartphones.
DinnerTime enables families to plan, shop and prepare meals via a user-friendly web application. DinnerTime developed a clear technology architecture and product roadmap; however, they needed a team to build the front-end of a highly-interactive web application that would work across desktops, tablets, and smartphones.
The Meal Planner view shows the user all meals that s/he has planned for the upcoming few weeks.
"We knew from the outset that our product/service would need to be massively scalable as well as effective and attractive. We needed a world-class team to augment our core team," said DinnerTime's CEO, Laura Moore.
Co-Founder Charlie Moore added, "We knew we would be iterating our feature set at a rapid pace, and integration with the core meal recommendation engine was essential. So we wanted to be able to work closely and in-person with the developers, if possible. The question was whether we could find those talents at a sufficiently high level here in the Mid-Atlantic."
DinnerTime circulated an RFP to a number of firms in Baltimore, New York, and the Mid-Atlantic. DinnerTime found each firm through referrals. SmartLogic was one of the top five respondents, and then one of two finalists.
According to Doug Lay, DinnerTime's VP of IT, DinnerTime was quickly convinced that SmartLogic's developers were "among the brightest developers in the region and fully capable of the work required."
The daily view of the Meal Planner allows the user to select and modify dishes for each meal.
DinnerTime auto-generates a Shopping List for the user's Meal Plan. The shopping list displays sale items at stores close to the user.
Employing continuous integration to rapidly deploy new code.
These processes, said Lay, give him "terrific visibility on key priorities." When necessary, Lay can "easily and quickly adjust development priorities" as the company pivots, which is key to any growing company's success.
Holding epic, iteration, and daily meetings or phone calls to establish big priorities and shift them as needed on an ongoing basis.
Chatting using Campfire to streamline communication.
Connecting developers at SmartLogic and key stakeholders at DinnerTime directly, so nothing gets lost in translation through a non-technical project manager.
DinnerTime released an alpha version four months after beginning work with SmartLogic, and a beta version two months later. Soon after that, DinnerTime acquired their first major client pilots, with highly successful results. Just one year after the beginning of the project, DinnerTime got their first sales, and a few months later, their first consumer subscriptions.
The Recipe Box allows the user to store his or her favorite recipies and add them to future dinners.
At each stage, the product was improved based based on user feedback and behavior. SmartLogic has been closely involved with this process.
"We heartily recommend SmartLogic for other companies seeking to build world-class web applications," said Charlie Moore. "We have an extensive product roadmap and expect to continue to use SmartLogic as we build and release additional functionality throughout the coming year."


text:
Federico Döring Casar (born 13 September 1971) is a Mexican politician from Mexico City affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN). He currently serves as a deputy representing the 15th electoral district of Mexico City in the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress.

Education
Döring received a bachelor's degree in Business Administration from the ITAM.

Political career
In 1995, Döring became an active member of the PAN, and he was a citizen councilor from 1995 to 1999 for the borough of Benito Juárez. From 1997 to 2000, he was the technical secretary of the ALDF's Tourism Commission; during this time, he advised the PAN parliamentary group on political reforms in the Federal District. He also has received three diplomas. In 1995, he received a diploma in Mexican Economy: Analysis and Planning from the Chamber of Deputies; he also has two diplomas from Harvard University.

From 2000 to 2003, Döring served in the II Legislature of the Legislative Assembly of the Federal District. He presided over the Commission of Local Public Administration, served as Secretary of the Budget and Public Accounts Commission, and sat on commissions dealing with tourism and accounting.

From 2003 to 2006, Döring represented Mexico City's 15th district in the Chamber of Deputies during the LIX Legislature. In his first tour of duty in San Lázaro, he was the secretary of two commissions: Communications, and an investigative committee to review public works contracts awarded to Construcciones Prácticas, S.A. de C.V. He also sat on commissions dealing with the Federal District, Budget and Public Accounts, and Special for Investigation of the Institute for the Protection of Bank Savings (IPAB). While in the LIX Legislature, Döring sat on the Regional Directive Committee for the PAN in the Federal District.

In the general election of 2 July 2006, he was elected to the Senate for the PAN, representing the Federal District. In the LX and LXI Legislatures, he was the secretary of the Federal District Commissions and sat on those dealing with Finances and Public Credit; Radio, Television and Film; and Public Security. During this time, he also participated in a political communication seminar at George Washington University.

After his six years in the Senate, Döring returned to the Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, serving in its VI Legislature. He headed up the PAN parliamentary group and sat on five committees, including Science and Technology, Budget and Public Accounts, International Matters, Special Commission on Prisons, and Special Commission for the Political Reform of the Federal District. During his time in the Senate, Döring presented a bill that attempted to regulate Internet content, which drew comparisons to the Stop Online Piracy Act in the United States.

Voters in the 15th federal district returned Döring to the Chamber of Deputies in 2015. He serves on commissions both from the Permanent Commission and from the Chamber of Deputies, as well as those dealing with public safety, urban development, and finances and public credit.

Videoscandals

In 2004, Döring gave Mexican television presenter Víctor Trujillo a video that was played on Trujillo's news program, in which René Bejarano, previously Andrés Manuel López Obrador's personal secretary, was videotaped accepting US$45,000 in cash from businessman Carlos Ahumada Kurtz. The release of the Bejarano video set off a national political crisis and strained diplomatic relations between Mexico and Cuba.

References

Living people
1971 births
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) for Mexico City
Politicians from Mexico City
National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México alumni
Mexican people of German descent
Members of the Congress of Mexico City
21st-century Mexican politicians
Members of the Constituent Assembly of Mexico City

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Shelter Island's community preservation acquisition plan is out of date. That's according to State legislation that created the Community Housing Fund (CPF) back in 1998 that requires East End...
Is Peconic Bay headed for a complete end to the ability to produce bay scallops? With more analysis of contributing factors to scallop die-offs in the past four years,...
Focus on fundamentals To the Editor: As a former member of the Shelter Island Board of Education, I am appalled at what transpired at a recent counseling session ("School...
01.26.2023 Real Estate
Shelter Island Reporter real estate transfers, Jan. 26, 2023
Listings prepared for Times Review Media Group by the Real Estate Report Inc., dated Nov. 18, 2022. BAITING HOLLOW (11933) • 57 Landing Lane, Jacqueline Paskiewicz Trust to Matthew...
Last week, in Naples Fla., it happened. Playing the Naples National Golf Club, the Island's touring professional golfer, Jay "Jake" Card III, was on the course with former Gardiner's...
More in Featured Story
Shelter Island's boys varsity basketball team hosted the Knights from Smithtown Christian on Tuesday, dropping a Division 5 game 73-32. The Knights were led by junior guard Nehemiah Yuen...
The Shelter Island Historical Society is busy preparing exhibits for the coming year, and plans for a young people's program have just been announced. This summer, Brooklyn Acting Lab...
01.25.2023 Legal Notices
Shelter Island Justice Court reports, Jan. 25, 2023
The following cases were adjudicated at Shelter Island Justice Court on Jan. 9, 2023 as reported by the court. Judge Mary-Faith Westervelt was on the bench. Except where indicated,...
01.25.2023 Obituaries
Shelter Island Reporter obituary: Hermann Erich Friederich von Carp Jr.
Hermann Erich Friederich von Carp Jr. of Shelter Island died on Tuesday, January 24, 2023. He was 87 years old. The family will receive friends on Sunday, Jan. 29...
Island track teams in league championships: Andrea Napoles breaks school record, earns All-League honor
Shelter Island track athletes had a great showing over the weekend at the Section XI League 5 championships meets at Suffolk Community College in Brentwood. The boys team of...
Shelter Island Police Department blotter, Jan. 24, 2023
Those named in arrest reports or receiving police summonses have not been convicted of a crime. In court, the charges against them may be reduced or withdrawn or the...
01.24.2023 Island Profiles
Island profile | Dan Rasmussen, Shelter Island's new Fire Department chief
When Daniel (Dan) Rasmussen arrives at the scene of a fire, he has all the emotions you would expect, and a few you might not. "It's pretty scary when...
Shelter Island kids say, 'This is how we roll'
Fourteen Island youngsters enjoyed a roller skating party at the American Legion in Greenport organized by the Shelter Island Public Library. They connected with groups from the Greenport, Southold...
Local tragedy inspires youth novel about opioid addiction
Against the backdrop of America's opioid epidemic, Southold author Geoffrey Wells' latest book, "Never Less," addresses how children are affected by adult problems. Mr. Wells will read from his...
01.23.2023 Columns
Codger's column: On the level
This is the year Codger will celebrate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of Shelter Island. By Codger. Well, O.K., there were inhabitants on the Island when Codger arrived,...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Namibian President Hifikepunye Pohamba is reported to have told Prime Minister designate Morgan Tsvangirai that his government wanted a lasting solution to the Zimbabwe crisis so a government of national unity must be established.
Namibia's Permanent Secretary Veiccoh Nghiwete said the meeting had been at Tsvangirai's request but was "nothing special".
In response to a request by a United States diplomat for the Southern African Development Community to put pressure on Zimbabwe as the crisis was having a negative impact on the entire region, Nghiwete said unilateral actions were unhelpful and was dismissive of the feasibility of ZANU-PF's proposed co-leadership of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
He opined that it was a testament to the patience of the Zimbabwean people that they had not resorted to widespread violence.
Classified By: Ambassador Dennise Mathieu per 1.5 (b) and (d).
saying it was Tsvangirai's first "official" visit to Namibia.
briefed on the status of talks with ZANU-PF.
in his role as mediator.


text:
Q: Valve configuration not working in tomcat? I access my application with url i.e https://myIPAddress:8443/myWebApp/
I have created the myWebApp.xml file which contains below context element and placed it under <tomcat_home>\conf\Catalina\localhost\
<Context>
 <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.MySSLAuthenticator"/>
</Context>

MySSLAuthenticator.class is under jar file which is placed under <tomcat_home>\lib
But looks like MySSLAuthenticator is not coming into picture as i get below error where i see instance of SSLAuthenticator
not MySSLAuthenticator
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: null cert chain
    at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:192)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1884)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:276)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:266)
    at sun.security.ssl.ServerHandshaker.clientCertificate(ServerHandshaker.java:1631)
    at sun.security.ssl.ServerHandshaker.processMessage(ServerHandshaker.java:176)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:868)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:804)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:1016)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readDataRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:884)
    at sun.security.ssl.AppInputStream.read(AppInputStream.java:102)
    at java.io.InputStream.read(InputStream.java:101)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jsse.JSSESupport.handShake(JSSESupport.java:181)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jsse.JSSESupport.getPeerCertificateChain(JSSESupport.java:148)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.action(Http11Processor.java:1120)
    at org.apache.coyote.Request.action(Request.java:349)
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SSLAuthenticator.authenticate(SSLAuthenticator.java:135)
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:528)

i am not sure what is missing here? tomcat version is 6.0.35

A: In your question there is no mention of an associated Realm definition, potentially that is what's causing the error (null cert chain). If there is no principal associated with the request (which is unlikely if there was no previous successful authentication performed), SSLAuthenticator will invoke the authentication realm. However, in your case this Realm may not exist or it does but is misconfigured in some way and as a result SSLAuthenticator can't interpret it.
You can validate this by disabling your custom MySSLAuthenticator and make it work with the built-in SSLAuthenticator first. Once you get that working, then try extending SSLAuthenticator. Assuming that that's what you're trying to do.
It is also advisable to set logging level to debug as you may find useful info logged from the extended classes:
SSLAuthenticator and its parent class AuthenticatorBase
With regards to your class not even being recognised by tomcat, the most likely answer is that you've defined it in an application context. Tomcat valves can be associated with the Engine, Host and Context and they are invoked in that order. So the most likely answer to why tomcat never reaches your Valve is that the built-in SSLAuthenticator captures (and falls over on) the request on the Engine level. So subsequent Host and Context level processing is never reached.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Reflection;

namespace Serialize.LiquidNET
{
    [Serializable()]
    public sealed class Engine
    {
        private static Engine instance = new Engine();
        private static int cmdTimeout = 30;

        public static int CommandTimeout
        {
            get { return cmdTimeout; }
            set { cmdTimeout = value; }
        }

        public static Engine Instance
        {
            get
            {
                return instance;
            }
        }
        public static void Init(IDataDelegate aDelegate, String aConnectionString)
        {
            instance.Initialize(aDelegate, aConnectionString);
        }
        public static void Shutdown()
        {
            instance = null;
        }

        public static BCO createBCO(int aContextID, RetrieveContext aRContext)
        {
            return instance.CreateBCO(aContextID, aRContext);
        }
        public static BCO createBCO(string aContext, RetrieveContext aRContext)
        {
            return instance.CreateBCO(aContext, aRContext);
        }

        public static BCO createBCODefinition(int aContextID)
        {
            return instance.CreateBCODefinition(aContextID);
        }
        public static BCO createBCODefinition(string aContext)
        {
            return instance.CreateBCODefinition(aContext);
        }

        public static int nextSequence(string aSequenceName)
        {
            return instance.NextSequence(aSequenceName);
        }

        public static object executeDataset(string commandText)
        {
            return instance.ExecuteDataSet(commandText);
        }
        public static object executeDataset(string commandText, SqlParameter[] sqlparams)
        {
            return instance.ExecuteDataSet(commandText, sqlparams);
        }
        public static object executeScalar(string commandText)
        {
            return instance.ExecuteScalar(commandText);
        }
        public static object executeScalar(string commandText, SqlParameter[] sqlparams)
        {
            return instance.ExecuteScalar(commandText, sqlparams);
        }
        public static object executeNonQuery(string commandText)
        {
            return instance.ExecuteNonQuery(commandText);
        }
        public static object executeNonQuery(string commandText, SqlParameter[] sqlparams)
        {
            return instance.ExecuteNonQuery(commandText, sqlparams);
        }

        private ServiceFactory _Factory;
        private IBusinessDelegate _Delegate;
        private String _ConnectionString;

        public ServiceFactory Factory
        {
            get
            {
                return _Factory;
            }
        }
        public String ConnectionString
        {
            get
            {
                return _ConnectionString;
            }
        }

        private Engine()
        {
            LiquidSettings config = LiquidSettings.GetConfiguration();
            if (config == null)
                return;

            _ConnectionString = config.ConnectionString;

            Type dataDelegateType = Type.GetType(config.DataDelegateTypeName);
            Type businessDelegateType = Type.GetType(config.BusinessDelegateTypeName);

            IDataDelegate dataDelegate = (IDataDelegate)Activator.CreateInstance(dataDelegateType);
            _Factory = new ServiceFactory(dataDelegate);

            _Delegate = (IBusinessDelegate)Activator.CreateInstance(businessDelegateType);
        }

        internal void Initialize(IDataDelegate aDelegate, String aConnectionString)
        {
            _ConnectionString = aConnectionString;
            _Factory = new ServiceFactory(aDelegate);
        }
        public void AddBusinessDelegate(IBusinessDelegate aDelegate)
        {
            _Delegate = aDelegate;
        }

        public object ExecuteNonQuery(string commandText)
        {
            object ret = null;

            SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(_ConnectionString);
            SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
            cmd.CommandText = commandText;
            cmd.CommandTimeout = Engine.CommandTimeout;

            conn.Open();
            try
            {

                ret = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                conn.Close();

            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                    conn.Close();

                throw new Exception("Exception in Engine::ExceuteNonQuery", ex);
            }

            return ret;
        }
        public object ExecuteNonQuery(string commandText, SqlParameter[] sqlparams)
        {
            object ret = null;

            SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(_ConnectionString);
            SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
            cmd.CommandText = commandText;
            cmd.CommandTimeout = Engine.CommandTimeout;

            foreach (SqlParameter param in sqlparams)
            {
                cmd.Parameters.Add(param);
            }

            conn.Open();
            try
            {

                ret = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                conn.Close();

            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                    conn.Close();

                throw new Exception("Exception in Engine::ExceuteNonQuery", ex);
            }

            return ret;
        }
        public object ExecuteNonQuery(SqlCommand cmd)
        {
            object ret = null;
            cmd.Connection.Open();
            try
            {
                ret = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                cmd.Connection.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                if (cmd.Connection.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                    cmd.Connection.Close();
                throw new Exception("Exception in Engine::ExceuteNonQuery", ex);
            }
            return ret;
        }

        public object ExecuteScalar(string commandText)
        {
            object ret = null;

            SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(_ConnectionString);
            SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
            cmd.CommandText = commandText;
            cmd.CommandTimeout = Engine.CommandTimeout;

            conn.Open();
            try
            {

                ret = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
                conn.Close();

            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                    conn.Close();

                throw new Exception("Exception in Engine::ExceuteScalar", ex);
            }

            return ret;
        }
        public object ExecuteScalar(string commandText, SqlParameter[] sqlparams)
        {
            object ret = null;

            SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(_ConnectionString);
            SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
            cmd.CommandText = commandText;
            cmd.CommandTimeout = Engine.CommandTimeout;

            foreach (SqlParameter param in sqlparams)
            {
                cmd.Parameters.Add(param);
            }

            conn.Open();
            try
            {

                ret = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
                conn.Close();

            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                    conn.Close();

                throw new Exception("Exception in Engine::ExceuteScalar", ex);
            }

            return ret;
        }
        public object ExecuteScalar(SqlCommand cmd)
        {
            object ret = null;
            cmd.Connection.Open();
            try
            {
                ret = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
                cmd.Connection.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                if (cmd.Connection.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                    cmd.Connection.Close();
                throw new Exception("Exception in Engine::ExceuteScalar", ex);
            }
            return ret;
        }

        public DataSet ExecuteDataSet(string commandText)
        {
            DataSet ds = null;
            SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(_ConnectionString);
            SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
            cmd.CommandText = commandText;
            cmd.CommandTimeout = Engine.CommandTimeout;

            SqlDataAdapter adap = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);

            conn.Open();
            try
            {

                adap.Fill(ds);
                conn.Close();

            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                    conn.Close();

                throw new Exception("Exception in Engine::ExceuteDataSet", ex);
            }

            return ds;
        }
        public DataSet ExecuteDataSet(string commandText, SqlParameter[] sqlparams)
        {
            DataSet ds = null;
            SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(_ConnectionString);
            SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
            cmd.CommandText = commandText;
            cmd.CommandTimeout = Engine.CommandTimeout;

            foreach (SqlParameter param in sqlparams)
            {
                cmd.Parameters.Add(param);
            }

            SqlDataAdapter adap = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);

            conn.Open();
            try
            {

                adap.Fill(ds);
                conn.Close();

            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                    conn.Close();

                throw new Exception("Exception in Engine::ExceuteDataSet", ex);
            }

            return ds;
        }
        public DataSet ExecuteDataSet(SqlCommand cmd)
        {
            DataSet ds = null;
            SqlDataAdapter adap = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
            cmd.Connection.Open();
            try
            {

                adap.Fill(ds);
                cmd.Connection.Close();

            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                if (cmd.Connection.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                    cmd.Connection.Close();

                throw new Exception("Exception in Engine::ExceuteDataSet", ex);
            }

            return ds;
        }

        internal BEO CreateBEO(int aContextID)
        {
            return (BEO)_Delegate.CreateBEO(aContextID);
        }

        public BCO CreateBCO(int aContextID)
        {
            return new BCO(this, _Factory.Retrieve(aContextID, null));
        }
        public BCO CreateBCO(int aContextID, RetrieveContext aRContext)
        {
            return new BCO(this, _Factory.Retrieve(aContextID, aRContext));
        }
        public BCO CreateBCO(string aContext, RetrieveContext aRContext)
        {
            return new BCO(this, _Factory.Retrieve(aContext, aRContext));
        }

        public BCO CreateBCODefinition(int aContextID)
        {
            return new BCO(this, _Factory.Definition(aContextID));
        }
        public BCO CreateBCODefinition(string aContext)
        {
            return new BCO(this, _Factory.Definition(aContext));
        }

        public int NextSequence(string aSequenceName)
        {

            SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(_ConnectionString);

            SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
            cmd.CommandText = "spNextSequence";
            cmd.CommandTimeout = Engine.CommandTimeout;

            SqlParameter param = cmd.CreateParameter();
            param.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;
            param.ParameterName = "Seq";
            param.Value = aSequenceName;
            cmd.Parameters.Add(param);

            param = cmd.CreateParameter();
            param.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
            param.ParameterName = "ActualID";
            param.Value = -1;
            cmd.Parameters.Add(param);

            conn.Open();
            try
            {
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

                conn.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {

                if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                    conn.Close();

                throw new Exception("Exception in Engine::NextSequence", ex);

            }

            return Convert.ToInt32(param.Value);
        }

        public void AddSqlParameter(SqlCommand cmd, string aName, object aValue, SqlDbType aSqlDbType, int aSize)
        {
            SqlParameter param = cmd.CreateParameter();
            param.ParameterName = aName;
            param.SqlDbType = aSqlDbType;
            param.Size = aSize;
            param.Value = aValue;

            cmd.Parameters.Add(param);
        }

        public void AddSqlParameter(SqlCommand cmd, string aName, object aValue)
        {
            SqlParameter param = cmd.CreateParameter();
            param.ParameterName = aName;
            param.Value = aValue;

            cmd.Parameters.Add(param);
        }

        public SqlCommand NewCommand()
        {
            return new SqlConnection(_ConnectionString).CreateCommand();
        }

        public void ExecuteSPCommand(SqlCommand cmd)
        {
            SqlConnection conn = cmd.Connection;

            try
            {
                conn.Open();
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                conn.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw new Exception("Exception in Engine::ExecuteSPCommand", ex);
            }
            finally
            {
                if (conn != null && conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
                    conn.Close();
            }
        }

        public SqlCommand NewSPCommand(string spName)
        {
            SqlCommand cmd = NewCommand();
            cmd.CommandText = spName;
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
            cmd.CommandTimeout = Engine.CommandTimeout;
            return cmd;
        }
        public void AddSPInputParameter(SqlCommand cmd, String name, Object value)
        {
            SqlParameter param = cmd.CreateParameter();
            param.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;
            param.ParameterName = name;
            param.Value = value;
            cmd.Parameters.Add(param);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: SQL Server Stored Procedure in Postgres I want to write a function in Postgres for the Microsoft SQL Server stored procedure shown here.
Please help. I want to use this stored procedure in postgres as function.
USE [EMS_Demo_Db]
GO
/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[SP_HourWise]    Script Date: 16-12-2014 10:48:53 AM ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[SP_HourWise]
@date_param datetime
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @start_time datetime = dateadd(HOUR, 6, @date_param)

; WITH Hours AS (
   SELECT dateadd(HOUR, row_number() OVER(ORDER BY From_Time) - 1, @start_time) AS From_Time,
          dateadd(HOUR, row_number() OVER(ORDER BY From_Time), @start_time) AS To_Time
   FROM   Table_2
)
SELECT CONVERT(varchar,@date_param, 103)
 as Date_def, convert(time(0), h.From_Time) AS From_Time, convert(time(0), h.To_Time) AS To_Time,
       MAX(t1.Param_Val) - MIN(t1.Param_Val) as Cal_ParamValue
FROM   Table_1 t1
JOIN   Hours h ON t1.Timestamp_col BETWEEN h.From_Time AND h.To_Time
WHERE  Timestamp_col BETWEEN @start_time AND dateadd(HOUR, 24, @start_time)
GROUP  BY h.From_Time, h.To_Time
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1
ORDER  BY h.From_Time
END

Converted SP but it is giving error as

Unexpected End of function definition at end of input Line 17 : END$BODY$

CREATE FUNCTION sp_hourwise(OUT from_time time without time zone, OUT to_time time without time zone, OUT param_value bigint, INOUT timestamp_col timestamp without time zone) RETURNS record AS
$BODY$DECLARE v_start_time timestamp(3) = interval '6 HOUR' + @date_param;
BEGIN
With Hours As (
SELECT v_start_time + (row_number() OVER(ORDER BY from_time) - 1) *  INTERVAL '1 day' AS from_time,
v_start_time + (row_number() OVER(ORDER BY from_time)) *  INTERVAL '1 day' AS to_time
   FROM   table_2
)
SELECT CAST(time(0) h.from_time), CAST(time(0) h.to_time),
       MAX(t1.param_value) - MIN(t1.param_value)
FROM   Table_1 t1
JOIN   Hours h ON t1.timestamp_col BETWEEN h.from_time AND h.to_time
WHERE  timestamp_col BETWEEN v_start_time AND interval '24 HOUR' + v_start_time
GROUP  BY h.from_time, h.to_time
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1
ORDER  BY h.from_time
END$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE NOT LEAKPROOF;

A: There are several errors in your script:

*

*you need to separate the "dollar quote" from the actual keywords. The most common way to do this is to write the "dollar quote" on a line of it's own:
$BODY$
DECLARE
  ...
END
$BODY$

*Statements need to be terminated with a ;
order by h.from_time; --<< the ; makes a difference

*A block needs to be terminated with a ; as well:
END; --<< the ; makes a difference
$BODY$

*Your select statement has no target, but as you want to simply return the result you can use return query

*Parameters are not prefixed with @ as clearly documented in the manual:
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/plpgsql-declarations.html

*There is no parameter date_parm that you are using for the declaration of v_start_time

*The assignment operator is := not =

*You never assign values to your OUT parameters, so you can just declare them as IN (or leave out the qualifier completely)

*The cast() functions needs the as keyword and the parameters are reversed as documented in the manual:
CAST(h.from_time AS time(0))

you can also use Postgres' shorter :: notation: h.from_time::time

*For clarity you probably want to define the function as returns table (...) and specify the column names in the function declaration. When you use returns record you need to specify the column names each time you use the function.
To return one of the input parameters in the result, add a column definition to the returns table (...) part and include the parameter as part of the select statement:
Taking all of the above something like the following should do it:
CREATE FUNCTION sp_hourwise(from_time time without time zone, to_time time without time zone, date_param date)
RETURNS table  (some_date_column date, from_time time, to_time time, diff integer)
AS
$BODY$

  DECLARE
     v_start_time timestamp(3) := interval '6 HOUR' + date_param;  --- I don't know which parameter you want to use here.

  BEGIN

    return query
      With Hours As (
        SELECT v_start_time + (row_number() OVER(ORDER BY from_time) - 1) *  INTERVAL '1 day' AS from_time,
               v_start_time + (row_number() OVER(ORDER BY from_time)) *  INTERVAL '1 day' AS to_time
        FROM   table_2
      )
      SELECT date_param,
             CAST(h.from_time as time),
             CAST(h.to_time as time),
             MAX(t1.param_value) - MIN(t1.param_value) as diff
      FROM   Table_1 t1
        JOIN  Hours h ON t1.timestamp_col BETWEEN h.from_time AND h.to_time
      WHERE  timestamp_col BETWEEN v_start_time AND interval '24 HOUR' + v_start_time
      GROUP  BY h.from_time, h.to_time
      HAVING COUNT(*) > 1
      ORDER  BY h.from_time;

  END;

$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
VOLATILE NOT LEAKPROOF;

The condition WHERE  timestamp_col BETWEEN v_start_time AND interval '24 HOUR' + v_start_time looks a confusing. You named a parameter "_col" but you use it as if it is a column in on of the tables. Is it a column? Then you don't need to declare it. If not I would recommend to use a different name for the parameter (but maybe this is a result of you trying to obfuscate the code).

A: I modified and finally resolved issues got the required result.Below is the correct and the tested stored procedure. Thanks everyone for the help.
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION tested_sp(INOUT date_param date, OUT from_time time without time zone, OUT to_time time without time zone, OUT cal bigint)
  RETURNS SETOF record AS
$BODY$
  DECLARE
     start_time Timestamp  = interval '6 HOUR' + date_param;
  BEGIN
return query
      With Hours As (
        SELECT  INTERVAL '1 hour' * (row_number() OVER(ORDER BY table_2.from_time) - 1 ) + start_time AS from_time,
      INTERVAL '1 hour' * (row_number() OVER(ORDER BY table_2.from_time)) + start_time AS to_time
        FROM   table_2
      )
      SELECT date_param::date as Date_Def,CAST(h.from_time as time) as from_time,
             CAST(h.to_time as time) as to_time,
             CAST(SUM(t1.param_value) AS bigint) as Cal
      FROM   table_1 t1
        JOIN  Hours h ON t1.timestamp_col BETWEEN h.from_time AND h.to_time
      WHERE  timestamp_col BETWEEN start_time AND interval '24 HOUR' + start_time
      GROUP  BY h.from_time, h.to_time
      HAVING COUNT(*) > 1
      ORDER  BY h.from_time;
  END;

$BODY$
  LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE


text:
Subscribe To What Lucy Liu Thinks Of Elizabeth Banks' Charlies' Angels Reboot Updates
What Lucy Liu Thinks Of Elizabeth Banks' Charlies' Angels Reboot
Sarah El-Mahmoud
Strike a finger-gun pose and kick up Destiny's Child's "Independent Women," because the new Charlie's Angels is happening soon. The Elizabeth Banks-helmed reboot recently revealed the badass cast of women detectives, starring Kristen Stewart, Naomi Scott and Ella Balinska, with Banks also playing their boss, Bosley. With news of the upcoming action flick, ex-angel Lucy Liu was asked about her thoughts on the new adaptation of the iconic '70s television series. Here's what she said:
To me, I think it's very exciting. It's like Sherlock Holmes. The material in itself is a very different type of literature -- and it's not necessarily literature. But it is something that people keep coming back to and they're drawn to. That's something that needs to be explored and if it needs to be explored on all different levels, then it should be. It will only be a more positive result for women.
Lucy Liu's interview with Entertainment Tonight comes 15 years after being Angel Alex Munday alongside Cameron Diaz and Drew Barrymore in 2000's Charlie's Angels and 2003's Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle. Following the nostalgia of the original television show, the early '00s reboot had the leading ladies drop-kicking brutes, distracting the men with their sexual appeal and delivering wacky lines in ridiculous get-ups. Portrayals of women in film have changed since then, so now seems like the perfect time to revisit these characters in a new and refreshing way.
With an uptick of female-centered storylines, there's a lot to be excited about with this Charlie's Angels reboot. With Elizabeth Banks leading the project, she has expressed her desire to make the movie "matter"and do right by the franchise. Banks previously directed and starred with a female-led cast in Pitch Perfect 2 in 2015. Twilight star and current indie darling Kristen Stewart has shown interest in the project for some time, and will kick butt next to Bank's Power Rangers co-star and future Jasmine in the live-action Aladdin, Naomi Scott, as well as newcomer Ella Balinska (who has some serious performance combat skills). It's yet to be known how Elizabeth Banks and her team will translate the material to the screen in this adaptation, but there's much room for growth following director McG's hyper-realistic take, and the project will likely give Charlie's Angels an upgrade.
Lucy Liu has continued playing a character concerned with detective work in the modern-day Sherlock Holmes television series, Elementary, which is soon entering its seventh season this fall. The 49-year-old actress also recently starred in the Netflix original movie, Set It Up, but she is still widely remembered for her stint as an Angel to this day. The next Charlie's Angels movie will be released on September 27, 2019.
Bradley Cooper, Angelina Jolie and 10 Other A-List Actors Who Are Also Directors
5 Kristen Stewart Movies That Prove She's Perfect For The Charlie's Angels Reboot
How Kristen Stewart Will Surprise People In Charlie's Angels, According To Elizabeth Banks


Chris Johnson (47 Meters Down) is set for a recurring role on the upcoming second season of The Orville, Seth MacFarlane's Fox space dramedy.
Johnson will play a new character aboard the ship.
The Orville stars MacFarlane, Adrianne Palicki, Penny Johnson Jerald, Scott Grimes, Peter Macon, Halston Sage, J. Lee, Mark Jackson and Chad L. Coleman. Jessica Szohr was recently announced as a new regular for Season 2. Created and written by MacFarlane, The Orville is produced by 20th Century Fox Television. MacFarlane, Brannon Braga, David A. Goodman, Jason Clark and Jon Cassar serve as executive producers. Cherry Chevapravatdumrong, Joe Menosky, Janet Lin and Andre Bormanis are co-executive producers.
Betrayal alum Johnson recently wrapped Lakeshore Entertainment's feature Peppermint starring Jennifer Garner, and the role of Joe in One Day She'll Darken, TNT's upcoming limited drama series directed by Patty Jenkins. He recently appeared in feature 47 Meters Down. Johnson is repped by Haven Entertainment and APA.


text:
(-) Gulf of Maine Research Institute (2)
(-) Ocean Discovery Institute (1)
(-) University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Center for Science Education (1)
(-) University of Colorado Boulder / Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) (1)
American Meteorological Society (AMS) (1)
Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies (1)
Chugach School District (1)
Consortium for Ocean Leadership (2)
EcoRise (1)
Florida Atlantic University / Pine Jog Environmental Education Center (FAU Pine Jog) (1)
Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College (1)
Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk (1)
Michigan Sea Grant (1)
Museum of Science Boston (1)
National Wildlife Federation / New York City (NYC) Eco-Schools (1)
Natural History Museum of the Adirondacks / The Wild Center (2)
Nurture Nature Center (1)
Program for Local Adaptation to Climate Effects: Sea-Level Rise (PLACE: SLR) (1)
Research Foundation of CUNY / Brooklyn College (1)
Science Museum of Virginia (1)
The Marine Mammal Center (1)
University of Hawaii System / University of Hawaiʻi Maui College (1)
University of Montana (1)
University of the Virgin Islands / Center for Marine and Environmental Studies (1)
Watershed Management Group (1)
2020: ELG for Community Resilience to Extreme Weather Events and Environmental Hazards (1)
2015: ELG for Community Resilience to Extreme Weather Events and Environmental Changes (1)
(-) Expired (1)
Community Resilience Informed by Science and Experience (C-RISE)
Gulf of Maine Research Institute offsite link · Portland, Maine
The goal of Community Resilience Informed by Science and Experience (C-RISE) was to build the capacity of coastal communities to support resiliency planning and adaptation actions.
The goal of Community Resilience Informed by Science and Experience (C-RISE) was to build the capacity of coastal communities to support resiliency planning and adaptation actions. To accomplish this the Gulf of Maine Research Institute (GMRI) worked with an advisory group including representatives from NOAA's Office for Coastal Management, Maine Geological Survey, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, the cities of Portland and South Portland, Greater Portland Council of Governments, New England Environmental Finance Center, and Axiom Technologies to develop public programming that provided participants with knowledge of and access to local sea level rise data. This program, "Preparing Coastal Communities for Sea Level Rise" is a community education event that built participant knowledge in sea level rise science, future projections, and local impacts. Through visual presentations and facilitated discussions, GMRI brought regional relevancy to global climate data using local history and case studies of past flooding events. Using technology and peer discussions, GMRI staff provided participants with access to interactive data sets and maps that visualized the impacts of sea level rise and weather events on community resources like roads, parks, hospitals, schools, and other valued assets—and how climate projections will increase these impacts over time. Over the course of this grant, GMRI staff facilitated over 60 community events in over 30 coastal communities in Maine, reaching over 2,000 individuals. While many of the participants had heard about sea level rise and storm surge prior to this program, few had internalized what this meant for their own communities. Post-event surveys indicated that participants discussed flooding issues with their families, friends, and neighbors, further examined local sea level rise maps, and engaged with community decision-makers about resiliency planning. GMRI believes that strong and informed representation of citizens is vital to addressing climate challenges and resiliency actions. We continue to leverage this work through various projects as we collaborate with coastal communities to provide them with knowledge, skills, and tools needed to develop community-focused resilience plans for sea level rise.
Competition: 2015: ELG for Community Resilience to Extreme Weather Events and Environmental Changes
PI: Leigh Peake
State: Maine County: Cumberland District: ME01
Partners: NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) · City of South Portland · City of Portland · Greater Portland Council of Governments (GPCOG) · University of Southern Maine / New England Environmental Finance Center · Axiom Technologies · Southern Maine Conservation Collaborative · State of Maine (ME) Department of Environmental Protection · Island Institute · Maine Geological Survey · Harpswell Heritage Land Trust · Nature Conservancy / Maine Field Office · Portland Society for Architecture · Upswell ·
Coastal rural communities have deep cultural connections to and rely heavily upon the marine environment and economy. Due to their remoteness, isolation from central planning agencies, and lack of financial and municipal resources, they are highly vulnerable to climate impacts such as sea level rise.
Coastal rural communities have deep cultural connections to and rely heavily upon the marine environment and economy. Due to their remoteness, isolation from central planning agencies, and lack of financial and municipal resources, they are highly vulnerable to climate impacts such as sea level rise. The Gulf of Maine Research Institute (GMRI) and key project partners, Upswell and the Island Institute, will develop, convene and facilitate regional trainings by which Maine's rural coastal communities can increase their capacity to plan and prepare for coastal climate impacts by developing the knowledge, skills, and relationships necessary to create data- and community-informed climate resilience plans. Cornerstone to the regional trainings is an engagement tool that builds common knowledge, incorporates diverse community value and voice, provides a framework for community planning and decision making, and builds relationships amongst participants. These trainings will also leverage and engage resilience professionals in Maine to share and represent their resources as communities apply those to their newly acquired skills and frameworks for community planning and decision making. Community leaders from the regional trainings will continue their learning through participation in a professional learning community. We will also leverage GMRI's prior NOAA Environmental Literacy Grant, titled "Community Resilience Informed by Science and Experience (C-RISE)," to deliver community education programming that builds the capacity of residents in coastal communities to support resiliency planning and adaptation actions by providing participants with knowledge of and access to local sea level rise data. This project will serve 20 rural coastal and island communities in Maine through four regional trainings. Each community will select a diverse and equitable representation of 10 stakeholders and community leaders to participate in the trainings. Community education events will be accessible to all residents of each community. These interventions will build community literacy and capacity for developing coastal resilience plans that benefit the social, environmental, and economic health of the community and align with Maine's Climate Action Plan. An advisory group including representatives from NOAA's Office for Coastal Management, Maine Sea Grant, Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve, the State of Maine's Governor's Office of Policy Innovation and the Future, Maine Geological Survey, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, the Town of Vinalhaven, and the Town of St. George will guide the development and implementation of this project. Researchers at the University of Maine, Orono will evaluate the implementation of the project as well as assess the impact of this project on a communities' ability to make community-informed climate plans. This project reflects NOAA's Community Resilience Education Theory of Change, specifically supporting resilience planners and community members to develop trusting relationships focused on their collective environmental literacy through genuine conversations around resilience planning and decision making. With NOAA, we envision communities that have the capability to anticipate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from significant multi-hazard threats with minimum damage to social well-being, the economy, and the environment.
Competition: 2020: ELG for Community Resilience to Extreme Weather Events and Environmental Hazards
PI: Gayle Bowness
Partners: NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) · State of Maine (ME) Department of Environmental Protection · National Sea Grant College Program / University of Maine / Maine Sea Grant · National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) Wells · Island Institute · Maine Geological Survey · Upswell · Town of Vinalhaven · Town of St. George · State of Maine (ME) Governor's Office of Policy Innovation and the Future ·
Empowering Climate Change Resiliency through Education in an Underserved Community
Ocean Discovery Institute offsite link · San Diego, California
Understanding climate change and its exacerbating effects on local environmental phenomena (e.g., increase in frequency and/or intensity of drought, ocean acidification, water shortages, degraded fisheries) and how to create resiliency is critical for underserved communities as they are disproportionately impacted by these hazards and yet, have the least capacity to actively respond.
Understanding climate change and its exacerbating effects on local environmental phenomena (e.g., increase in frequency and/or intensity of drought, ocean acidification, water shortages, degraded fisheries) and how to create resiliency is critical for underserved communities as they are disproportionately impacted by these hazards and yet, have the least capacity to actively respond. To address this issue, Ocean Discovery Institute and its partners will build understanding of climate change and impacts on local hazards, human-nature interactions, and individual and community capacity for resilience through place-based education in the underserved community of City Heights, San Diego, CA. This project, titled "Empowering Climate Change Resiliency through Education in an Underserved Community," will involve a wide range of partners, including California Sea Grant, the California Nevada Climate Applications Program, NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Cabrillo National Monument, San Diego Canyonlands, RECON Environmental, Inc., and the San Diego Unified Port District. Project activities encompass the design, piloting, and implementation of multi-grade level, integrated curricula that incorporate hands-on student climate science research, innovative solution building, and teacher professional development. This project will serve 1,500 middle school students annually and is expected to increase students' understanding of scientific concepts and processes and human-nature interactions, improve their ability to make science-informed decisions, and contribute to local resilience efforts.
PI: Lindsay Goodwin
State: California County: San Diego District: CA51
Partners: Birch Aquarium at Scripps · San Diego Unified School District · NOAA Research Lab / Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory · National Sea Grant College Program / University of California at San Diego / California Sea Grant · City of San Diego · U.S. National Park Service / Cabrillo National Monument · Port of San Diego · RECON Environmental · San Diego Canyonlands · California Nevada Applications Program (CNAP) · San Diego Unified School District / Clark Middle School · San Diego Unified School District / Wilson Middle School ·
R4Ed: Rigor, Relevance, and Relationships in Resilience Education
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Center for Science Education offsite link · Boulder, Colorado
In this project, high school students in Houma, Louisiana, will investigate which areas of their community are most vulnerable and what can be done to be resilient in the face of hurricanes and sea level rise, today and in the future. To do this, they will collect local stories of coastal erosion, hurricane damage, and disappearing land and compare them with data from the NOAA Digital Coast Tool and the NCAR Cyclone Damage Potential (CDP) Index.
In this project, high school students in Houma, Louisiana, will investigate which areas of their community are most vulnerable and what can be done to be resilient in the face of hurricanes and sea level rise, today and in the future. To do this, they will collect local stories of coastal erosion, hurricane damage, and disappearing land and compare them with data from the NOAA Digital Coast Tool and the NCAR Cyclone Damage Potential (CDP) Index. Linking the impacts that community members have experienced with the data about these events and future projections, students will identify vulnerable areas in their community, identify the types of hurricanes that have been the most destructive to their community, and make resilience recommendations that they will present to their peers and the community at large. Project partners, the UCAR Center for Science Education, the NCAR Capacity Center for Climate and Weather Extremes, and the South Louisiana Wetlands Discovery Center, will develop the curriculum, facilitate the instruction, and disseminate the educational resources to other coastal educators. The successful completion of this project will result in a model approach for how students in other coastal communities can use data, stories, and the CDP as they engage in coastal resilience planning. This model approach will be described in a collection of educational resources, allowing educators to implement the approach with students in other Gulf Coast and Atlantic locations affected by hurricanes and sea level rise.
PI: Elizabeth "Lisa" Gardiner
State: Colorado County: Boulder District: CO02
Partners: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) National Center for Atmospheric Research · NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) · Louisiana State University (LSU) / College of Art + Design · Center for Planning Excellence · University of New Orleans / Center for Hazards Assessment, Response & Technology (UNO-CHART) · Terrebonne Parish School District / South Terrebonne High School · South Louisiana Wetlands Discovery Center · Louisiana Department of Education · Lafourche Parish School District · Terrebonne Parish School District ·
HEARTForce: Hazard Education, Awareness & Resilience Taskforce
University of Colorado Boulder / Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) offsite link · Boulder, Colorado
Communities in Colorado are increasingly experiencing major disruptions from environmental hazards, such as fire, flood, drought and extreme heat. With this rise in hazardous events, there is a pressing need for communities increase their resilience. An interdisciplinary team from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Education & Outreach Program at the University of Colorado at Boulder is developing and implementing an innovative, action-oriented youth engagement project targeting rural Colorado students, teachers and communities.
Communities in Colorado are increasingly experiencing major disruptions from environmental hazards, such as fire, flood, drought and extreme heat. With this rise in hazardous events, there is a pressing need for communities increase their resilience. An interdisciplinary team from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Education & Outreach Program at the University of Colorado at Boulder is developing and implementing an innovative, action-oriented youth engagement project targeting rural Colorado students, teachers and communities. Our engagement model empowers youth i) to envision community resilience through immersive scenario-based role play based on a solid understanding of the relevant science, ii) to learn about natural hazards through engaging Colorado-focused lessons, iii) to initiate conversations about hazard preparedness from within communities, and iv) to develop and implement student-led resilience action projects. The project team is developing instructional materials for middle and high school students: four lesson plans focused on different hazards (fire, flood, drought, extreme heat), four complementary scenario-based role-play games with a focus on youth empowerment and a teacher workshop based on these materials. Each school implementation follows a sequence in which the lesson plan activities are conducted, followed by a scenario-based role play game and reflection. Building on their experience with the game, students develop resilience strategies for their community and present those at a community Resilience Expo. The project has the following three objectives: 1) Increase Colorado secondary teachers' knowledge and confidence to teach about local natural hazards, and to facilitate discussions about community resilience; 2) Increase Colorado youth's understanding of natural hazards, their community's vulnerability, and their involvement in resilience planning efforts, and 3) Enhance the capacity and empowerment of young people in Colorado to engage in dialogue with their peers, families, and community stakeholders about community resilience issues and identify, develop, and implement resilience actions. A needs assessment disseminated to Colorado teachers guides the project team in the development of all instructional materials and allows for customizing the content to teacher needs. The project evaluation explores the efficacy of the program model and studies the impact of the project activities on students and teachers. Specifically, the evaluation studies students' confidence and ability to engage in dialogue around community resilience, level to which students increase their understanding of natural hazards and resilience planning, and the ways in which teachers increase their content knowledge and confidence in teaching about natural hazards. The project fills a critical gap in Colorado's resilience planning which does not include teachers and youth. The project is guided by partners from the NOAA RISA program Western Water Assessment, seven NOAA science advisors, Science on the Sphere collaborators, and is being implemented together with over 20 community partners, school partners and collaborators from across Colorado. Over the course of the three-year program, the project activities will train and support 140 teachers, engage 400+ students and result in 11 Resilience Expo events across Colorado, from primarily rural communities. The instructional units and the games will be used in classrooms with 600+ students.
PI: Anne Gold (Reuther)
Partners: Earth Force · NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) · Natural History Museum of the Adirondacks / The Wild Center · NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) · NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Boulder, Colorado Forecast Office · NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Pueblo, Colorado Forecast Office · NOAA National Ocean Service (NOS) / NOAA Planet Stewards · Foothills United Way · City of Boulder / Office of Emergency Management · University of Massachusetts (UMASS) Lowell / Climate Change Initiative · Wild Rose Education · Roaring Fork School District No. Re-1 / Glenwood Springs Middle School · Montrose County Re-1j School District / Montrose High School · Gunnison Watershed Re1J School District / Gunnison Middle School · Early College of Arvada · St. Vrain Valley Re 1j School District / Westview Middle School · Estes Park R-3 School District / Estes Park High School · Estes Park R-3 School District / Estes Park Middle School · Garfield County / Community Development · Gunnison County / Office of Emergency Management · City of Arvada / Office of the City Manager · City of Longmont / Public Works & Natural Resources · Larimer County / Office of Emergency Management · City of Boulder / Resilient Boulder · Colorado Department of Public Safety · Colorado Department of Natural Resources · Colorado Department of Local Affairs · University of Colorado Boulder / CIRES / Education & Outreach · Mountain Studies Institute · University of Colorado Boulder / CIRES / Western Water Assessment · Adams State University / Luter Bean Museum / Salazar Rio Grande del Norte Center · Northeast Colorado BOCES · Western Colorado University · Republican River Water · Colorado State University / Colorado Water Center (CoWC) · Lower South Platte Water Conservancy District · Grand County Wildfire Council · Upper Colorado River Watershed Group · NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) / Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL) · NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) / Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) ·


text:
This Texas school district will begin drug testing for extracurricular activities in seventh grade
LEFT BIAS
(CNN)Bushland Independent School District in Amarillo, Texas, is taking an unusual step to promote a drug-free environment in its schools.
Starting this fall, any seventh- through 12th-graders who request a school parking permit or participate in extracurricular activities — including sports, band, the student council and chess team — must pass a drug test. "We've discussed drug testing policy for about a year now, and the board wants to be proactive," Bushland Superintendent Chris Wigington told CNN affiliate KVII. "They want our kids to have a drug-free environment; we want our kids to make great decisions."Wigington said that the 1,400-student district does not have a drug problem and that this is a proactive step.
Congressman is latest to announce probe into leading vaping company JuulStudents under 18 must sign a consent form and then pass the drug test to participate, and they may be randomly tested up to 10 times during the school year, according to the district.Read MoreThe test will look for alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, heroin and opiates."If they're interested in athletics, if they're interested in drama, if they're interested in band — any of the things that we offer extracurricular, it gives them an opportunity to say no to peer pressure and say 'I'm not going to do that because I want to participate,' " Wigington said.Though students won't be suspended for testing positive, there are consequences: Students will not be allowed to compete in extracurricular activities, park on school premises or take part in social events. If a student has a confirmed positive drug test, the school will schedule a meeting with the student, the parents if they are under 18, and the coach or sponsor of the extracurricular activity to discuss the consequences. The testing results will be confidential and disclosed only to the student, the parents and designated district officials.Students can reapply to participate in extracurricular activities or have a parking permits reinstated after the suspension period ends and they have a negative test result.The punishment will fit the crime, as the number of offenses will determine the severity of restrictions."These are extracurricular activities. They're privileges, not rights," Wigington said. "We don't want to hurt a student academically. We don't want to suspend them from school for testing positive for a drug."Violations will not be cumulative, and students will also get a clean slate when they move up from middle school to high school."Great kids make bad decisions every day, and what we want to do is make sure that our kids have the opportunity to make mistakes but come back and make amends," he said.
https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/25/us/school-drug-testing-trnd/index.html
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35W bridge collapse Minneapolis, MN USA, originally uploaded by shutter.chick.
It was one year ago -- August 1st, 2007 -- just after 6 PM when the impossible happened. I was safe at home. We were painting our garage and had 89.3 The Current turned up loud on the garage stereo and heard Mary Lucia announce that "a bridge on 35W had collapsed". It wasn't until a few minutes later that we found out that it wasn't just "a bridge", it was the 35W bridge in Minneapolis spanning the Mississippi River. In just under a year it has been rebuilt and will open for traffic in less than two months. It shouldn't have happened but the fact that it did was a wake-up call. It put Minnesota back in the national spotlight but for all the wrong reasons.
Local blogger Aaron Landry has an extensive collection of 35W bridge collapse photos on his Flickr stream as shared to him by a friend living adjacent to the bridge.


text:
Bumbling: DC Super Hero Girls and the White Racial Imagination
sonofbaldwin / 10 May 2016
Editor's Note: Today we have the privilege of once again publishing an essay by the inimitable Robert Jones, Jr. His last guest post, "Humanity Not Included: DC's Cyborg and the Mechanization of the Black Body," would go on to become the most read post in the blog's history, and become the subject of discussion on a number of other blogs and podcasts.
In 2015, DC Comics/Warner Bros. announced the creation of a new franchise, DC Super Hero Girls. It is a teenage take on some of their most popular female superheroes: Wonder Woman, Batgirl, and Supergirl, along with current favorites Harley Quinn and Poison Ivy, as well as lesser-known characters like Bumblebee and Katana to fulfill the token roles for racial minorities. The show's premise has all of these girls in high school learning to be super heroes at "Super Hero High." We learn that the seven girls are but a few of the dozens of teenagers learning to become heroes at the high school. There are boy heroes, too (Flash and Beast Boy being the most prominent), but they are not as central to the narrative as the girls, thank goodness, since the target audience is girls ages six to 12, and they need girl heroes with which to identify.
The franchise—which includes a website, a catchy, empowering theme song called "Get Your Cape On," animated webisodes, an hour-long television special (which aired on March 19 on the Boomerang network), online games, and a line of books and merchandise (most of which is available exclusively at Target)—was DC's response to years of complaints that they not only flagrantly ignored the female segment of their audience when it came to merchandising and programming, but were downright hostile toward girls. DC/Warner Bros were very cautious about this new franchise, however. I could tell by the way they rolled out the campaign, they were hedging their bets, testing the waters. It seemed as though, even after conducting research, they didn't really believe that young girls would invest in these characters enough to support the media or convince their parents to buy the merchandise. It took six months after the debut of the webisodes for any merchandise associated with the brand to be released. Their seeming skepticism of the brand heightened my own skepticism of them supporting the brand enough to avoid a self-fulfilling prophecy of failure.
The DC Super Hero Girls merchandise is selling like hot cakes at my local Target.
I watched the associated media with great anticipation and, surprisingly, for the most part, enjoyed what I saw. Each of the girls is intelligent, skillful, strong, and clever in their own right, and very supportive of one another (except for Cheetah, a villain who fulfills the role of the obligatory mean girl). These heroes are not girls who need boys to save them. There are, of course, some problematic depictions of girlhood that show up alongside the more powerful ones. For example, jealousy between the super hero girls is one of the unnerving themes, the default conflict between women and girls for writers with limited imaginations. But the writers of DC Superhero Girls manage to correct course by revealing the jealousy to be a misunderstanding resolved through communication.
Where the franchise needs serious help, though, is in its racial conversation. The principal of the school is an authoritative, but more polite, take on Amanda Waller (known in the comic books to be a kind of anti-hero with questionable morals). Waller is a black woman charged with the welfare of the teens — you can see where I'm going with this. The white imagination often puts black people in the role of caretaker (Mammy, Uncle Remus, etc.), particularly of white children, as a means to assure itself that we are harmless and have no intention of avenging its innumerable wrongs against us.
In the first webisode, when Wonder Woman arrives for her freshman first day, it is a black character, Bumblebee, who is assigned to give the princess a tour and ensure that all of her needs are met. We are introduced to Bumblebee after Wonder Woman mistakes her for an insect (one of Bumblebee's powers is to shrink down to bee size) and smashes her between her hands. Bumblebee screams, "I'm too young to be squished!" in a tone that reminded me of the classic "I don't know nothin' 'bout birthin' no babies!" from Gone with the Wind, and Wonder Woman, jokingly responds that she didn't realize the bugs were so big outside of her homeland, Themyscira. In the comic books, Bumblebee is a tech genius and DC Comics' first black female super hero. Surely, the writers can find a role better suited for her than one which requires her to be subservient to someone who assaulted then insulted her?
Bumblebee is "too young to be squished!"(from Episode 1: "All About Super Hero High"
In another webisode, Bumblebee and Wonder Woman have to complete an obstacle course to test their flying abilities. The android hero Red Tornado is their instructor. Bumblebee aces the test and her instructor gives her zero kudos and ignores her performance completely. But when Wonder Woman steps up to begin her test Red Tornado trips over himself to compliment her ability and commitment to the art form before he's even had a chance to see what she's capable of. The webisodes never make clear why this should be the case so whiteness is the default reason for the stark distinction regarding who deserves praise for their efforts.
And in the hour-long special, we discover that Principal Waller's vice principal is Gorilla Grodd — a criminal out on work release who has been forced to become a custodian of teenagers. Yes, you read that correctly.
It's no secret that in the DC Universe, gorillas have long been used as stand-ins for black people, a longstanding and obvious racist trope. In the DCU, the most advanced civilization on the African continent are a race of simians who live in a hidden place called Gorilla City. You can't make this stuff up — or, apparently, you can.
In the special, Grodd is mean and disrespectful to the student body and makes it very clear that he doesn't want to be there. It's Waller's job to keep him in check. Later in the show, Grodd is falsely accused of trying to steal school technology by Granny Goodness, who plays a duplicitous school librarian. The students believe Goodness and alert Waller. Insulted by the accusation, Grodd quits. But not before he gets to put his life on the line saving the life of one of the white girls, Batgirl, thereby redeeming himself. Get your cape on, indeed.
Now, there is a lesson in there somewhere about the American history of false accusations perpetrated against black men by white women, but it's muddied by the dual racism of having a criminal gorilla represent black manhood and having a morally questionable black woman caretaker responsible for keeping him in check.
But the morally questionable behavior doesn't end with the show.
Liyah, a Jordanian immigrant living in the United States, loves her Wonder Woman doll. Children of color are typically raised to regard white dolls as the norm and the standard. (Photo courtesy of Target.)
I bought each and every doll from the line. Well, I should say: I bought each and every doll that was available. Because although she's featured prominently in the marketing of the brand, Katana can only be found as a background character in the series and will appear in a chapter in an upcoming book. There is no Katana action figure. There is no Katana doll. As the only Japanese character, she is featured prominently on the website alongside the six other heroes, but she is missing from almost all of the commercially available items (I should mention that the franchise doesn't feature any Latinx or Indigenous characters either). I don't know if DC/Warner Bros left her out because of some trademark or copyright issue or what, but her absence is conspicuous and DC/Warner Bros is suspect because of it.
This racial disparity is compounded by the mini-biographies on the back of the doll packaging. In the category of "Best Super Friends" each character is assigned a best friend. Wonder Woman's best friends are Batgirl and Supergirl; Batgirl's best friends are Supergirl and Wonder Woman; Supergirl's best friends are Batgirl and Wonder Woman; Harley Quinn's best friend is Poison Ivy; Poison Ivy's best friend is Harley Quinn; Bumblebee's best friends are Supergirl and Batgirl.
Do you notice something?
Not one of the other girls claim Bumblebee as a best friend.
This could merely be an oversight, but even oversights tell us something about the pathologies at work.
And it's clear to me that there's a racist pathology at work here, one that's easily solvable — if the goal is to actually solve it: white men and white women should never be the majority in any creative space. There should always be just as many women and men of color in these spaces, not only because the more diverse a space is, the more creative it is, but also because media is a form of propaganda and the only way we can begin to stop spreading "well-intentioned" (or maybe not-so-well-intentioned) but harmful messages about marginalized people is to put marginalized people in positions to prevent those messages from being disseminated. Diversity is just a buzzword designed to make white people of relative consciousness feel good about including a token or two in their normally exclusively white spaces. Too often, to white people, diversity and tokenism mean the exact same thing and they go into full-on white fragility mode if you dare question their racial practices. They never seem to realize that their defensiveness and attempts to dismiss criticism can be read as admissions of wrongdoing. The true test of conscience for the white person is measured by how willing they are to no longer be the central, definitive, default perspective.
In the meantime, we work with what we have, educate our children so that these subtle and not-so-subtle messages have less of an impact on them than they did on us. Or we choose to remove our children from the sight lines altogether and invest our considerable consumer power elsewhere. The precise location of "elsewhere," however, remains the eternal question.
The main characters of DC Super Hero Girls. From left to right: Katana, Wonder Woman, Harley Quinn, Supergirl, Bumblebee, Batgirl, and Poison Ivy.
Robert Jones, Jr. is a writer from Brooklyn, NY. His work has been featured in the New York Times, Gawker, and the Feminist Wire. He is the creator of the social media community, Son of Baldwin, which can be found on Facebook, Google Plus, Instagram, Tumblr, and Twitter.
© Robert Jones, Jr. 2016
10 May 2016 in DC Comics, Gender, Guest Post, TV. Tags: Amanda Waller, black superheroes, Bumblebee, DC comics, DC Super Hero Girls, Gorilla Grodd, Son of Baldwin, toys, TV, webisodes, women superheroes, Wonder Woman
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13 thoughts on "Bumbling: DC Super Hero Girls and the White Racial Imagination"
Donovan Morgan Grant says:
Interesting read. I've seen the first "season" of this show (the episodes are all 2-3 min each), so I hadda rewatch the Red Tornado one. That was almost hilarious how he's so excited about WW that he does indeed completely ignore a flawless performance by Bumblebee. But I don't think that was intended to be a joke.
I definitely agree with a number of the point made, specifically in terms of the merchandise. Also more WOC should be included, such as Artemis, Aquagirl, Rocket and Cassandra Cain. I don't personally think the Waller thing registers as all that bad. You point out a connection to the "mammy" stereotype, but I think kids will simply see an authority figure. I've not witnessed instances where Waller's been portrayed badly in that way. I also see the point of the Grodd thing, but IDK if it comes across all that awful to me personally but in fairness I've not watched it myself.
Additionally, they did "Super Hero of the Month" shorts and Bumblebee was included. I think she was the first. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNY4I-3_-u0&list=PLMUrvXfdTR3h99XHNVtqiTySJ9_oiI3ZA&index=11
briansamuelo3 says:
I have to say, great post! As an avid reader of comic book books and comic book universes, I agree with you that there is something odd going on with the DCU and this is from way back. I was just talking to my sister the other day who has begun to develop an interest in comics and she noted on her own mind you, that DC has little or no diversity–and where there is (diversity) they often are stereotypical forms of their respective races/ethnicities. Marvel has done better and for that I feel that they deserve an applause. They are among the most diverse as far as characters are concerned from Spiderman (whose design Stan Lee had commented was supposed to mask his race/ethnicity) to Storm as a leader, even down to Kamala Khan (the new Ms. Marvel). So, keep it up!
I really enjoyed this article! As a person who loves dolls and superheroes, I've been following DC Super Hero Girls since it's inception and was also extremely disappointed to see Katana cut from the first wave of dolls released. Mattel has a tendency to release their first wave dolls in the format of 4 single-box girl dolls and a two-pack of a girl doll and her boyfriend doll, for a total of six. Since the line so far features no male dolls, I had a feeling that among the seven most advertised characters, someone would be cut. It certainly couldn't be the holy Super-Bat-Wonder trinity, and Harley and Ivy are basically a set. (If I was running Mattel, they would have been the relationship two-pack.) Only one spot left, so bye-bye Katana. I'm really hoping future waves include her and some of the other heroines we've seen in the shorts and special, and to be honest I don't see why they wouldn't. Katana is going to be in Suicide Squad, and the Wonder Woman dolls disappeared overnight after the release of Dawn of Justice. And as your personal photo illustrated, they're all flying off the shelves. It just makes sense from a marketing standpoint. (DC's lack of faith in the line shines through there, as it took nearly three weeks for stores to get more dolls after the initial releases sold out.)
I haven't seen the special yet, but I'm even more interested after reading your interpretation. DC and Mattel are hardly at the forefront when it comes to diversity in children's entertainment, but I'm hoping they realize the opportunity they have and quickly come to their senses and take it.
Chrysti says:
Katana wasn't cut, she was given a more SPECIAL place. A San Diego Comic Con exclusive with more detail than on any dollsofar
Osvaldo Oyola says:
This came up in one of the comments above.
I can't speak for Robert, who wrote this, but I don't think being a con exclusive is as "special," as having her readily available for kids who want to play with Asian female superhero character, or for parents who want to buy them for their kids.
hypestyle says:
Intriguing. I have no kids so the overall presence of SHG is above my head. I did manage to buy a Bumblebee doll for my youngest niece as an Easter gift, though. (There seemed to be… quite a few of them available at the suburban Target store I bought it from. The sales popularity of 'people of color' fantasy/toon/comic-based dolls vs. their white counterparts is worth looking into.)
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Cantankerous Digressions says:
A very interesting and probably correct interpretation of the intentional and unintentional racial biases that happen when creative teams almost certainly composed of exclusively white people attempt to depict minorities. This article doesn't come across as nit-picking the way some feminisit criticisms can, in that the writer doesn't agree with a certain interpretation and wishes it to be different. For example, depicting a female character as a mother isn't wrong any more so than depicting her as a single-minded career woman. It's not wrong to portray a single-minded career woman who longs to have a child either. The problem comes from inadequate representation. Female characters are often tokens and thus must necessarily represent all female points of view simultaneously and that's just not possible.
In my opinion, this article isn't quite like that. The representation is clearly problematic albeit probably unintentional. To be frank, I'd not thought of the metamessage about Gorilla City and I'm a bit embarrassed for that. But I disagree somewhat with the depiction of Amada Waller as a "Mammy" character. It's certainly legitimate to see if that way, but I do feel that it is a stretch to argue that black women in positions of legitimate, systemtic, authority are Mammy characters.
The author is onto something with Bumblebee, though. I noticed that none of the white girls were best friends with her. And I noticed the way Red Tornado just expected Bumblebee to be athletically superior, a "positive" but still problematic stereotype. And I was puzzled by his false or faint praise of Wonder Woman (who isn't yet anyone of note). It could well have been racial but it's possible that as Wonder Woman is technically royalty, he was erring on the side of being respectful to that heritage.
But I'm sure that white people like myself have a never ending list of excuses or explanations for unintentional racism.
Be that as it may, there is absolutely no excuse for the lack of a Katana figure. She is being offered as a San Diego Comic Con exclusive but that shouldn't count (and it's been months since the other girls were available). Asians have seemingly been the most economically disposable when it comes to casting and utility in North American narratives and media. They are fewer in number in the United States and to a large extent are thought to be more invisible or "non-threatening" than Blacks. This is made obvious by their overall lack of representation in American media as a whole and how often their roles are "white-washed" for white actors. This happens significantly less often with roles meant for Black people.
There is enough social pressure for DC to recognize the potential for bad publicity were they to ignore having a Black character. So Bumblebee was included probably from the start of the project whereas I'd guess that Katana was an afterthought. The writer and I both noticed the lack of a Latinx or Hispanic doll or primary character. The lack of this representation is extra obnoxious considering the large number of people from Latinx or Hispanic origin in the United States. I suppose one might suggest that Cheeta comes across as Lantinx or Hispanic but it doesn't seem definitive.
And is there any LGBT representation at all?
What? You say. "They are just kids, there's no sexuality there. Just let kids be kids," say the people with no clue and who ought to know better. These are high-school girls and even in middle-age, I can remember what being in HS was like and as early late elementary school, I was struggling with my gender and sexual identity. Just because it's uncomfortable to talk about (though why should it be?) doesn't mean it's not worth talking about.
So no, this show is NOT perfect and that's an impossible standard to have. However, there are some problems that could have been fixed and could still be fixed. I'm not going to let the perfect be the enemy of the good. But I will not begruge someone who feels that the people they identify with are not being represented fairly.
Then again, there a plethora of angry (mostly white) males out there upset with this show for wounding their fragile male egos. Fortunately for them, they have every other superhero series ever made to wrap around themselves while they weep bitter tears that one thing did not go their way or cater directly to them.
catchTwentythree says:
I don't think it's totally fair to dismiss all male objections to this as 'wounded egos' or whatever. It's fairly legitimate, I think, to point out that making Poison Ivy and Harley Quinn into role models for young girls is a terrible, terrible idea, given what they're going to find when they venture outside the DC Superhero Girls universe. Poison Ivy is an insane ecoterrorist who kills people by kissing them, and Harley Quinn is an insane battered spouse in an abusive relationship with the Joker in every other setting where they exist. That all carries its own problems, of course, but completely ignoring the source material and making them into quirky superheroes for little girls to look up to seems like it's swinging a bit too hard in the other direction. Harley has an aesthetic that a lot of people really like, but I'd be concerned about encouraging young girls to relate to her when she's defined by an abusive relationship in all other media. They could have included Hawkgirl in the main group instead– especially since she appears to be latina in DC Superhero Girls.
Amareldys@aol.com says:
Just started watching them a half hour ago. Super disappointing. Apparently being a teenage girl means checking yourself out and posing in front of mirrors and being boy crazy and bimboes. They use the ditzy "teenage girl" voices featured so prominantly in high school cartoons ever since the 80s
Blech. I was hoping for something more inspiring.
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Jokerette says:
I was disappointed that Vixen is not one of the main characters and only just appears in just one episode. If I were a character on the show Bumblebee can be my best friend !
"Nobody Speak" - Pulling Back the Curtain on Trumpist Politics


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Paul Dineen
Emailpaul.dineen@dlapiper.com
Call+44 (0)7968 558 937
Paul Dineen has been advising on real estate projects for nearly 20 years. He has advised national and international investors and developers on real estate assets over the course of their natural life cycle.
Paul acts for landlords and tenants, local authorities and private equity houses, family offices, overseas investors, and institutional UK funds, gaining a balanced view of the typical challenges that arise on transactions.
Paul works with clients specialising across all asset classes, and his work has straddled the office, retail, leisure, industrial, logistics, data centre, residential, hotel, and student accommodation sectors. Paul is well versed in typical real estate holding structures and regularly acts on asset and share divestments, both offshore and onshore.
Paul's clients have included Barings, Blackstone, British Land, CBREGI, Deutsche Finance International, Direct Line Insurance, Discovery Group, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Orchard Street Investment Management, PGIM, Royal Borough of Kensington & Chelsea, St James's Place, Tiger Developments and Unilever.
Areas of FocusReal Estate
Professional QualificationsSolicitor of the Senior Courts of England and Wales
Advising Blackstone in relation to the restructuring of its GBP1.8 billion Tower portfolio and the subsequent work-out of the portfolio.
Advising Clients of Orchard Street Investment Management on the GBP91 million acquisition of eight garden centres in a sale and leaseback with Terra Firma.
Advising Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea on the GBP130 million sale for a central London Borough Council of school land to be redeveloped for high end private residential development, involving complex overage and clawback negotiations.
Advising Barings on the acquisition and subsequent GBP146 million disposal of 40 Gracechurch Street, a substantial central London office building.
Advising Clients of Orchard Street Investment Management on the GBP114 million acquisition of the Orbital Portfolio comprising six South East multi-let industrial estates.
Advising Barings on the acquisition of 10 multi let light industrial estates across the UK and their subsequent sale for GBP200 million.
Advising Clients of PGIM on income strip transactions including the sale and leasebacks of a number of UK hotels including the Mercure Hotel in Bristol, Hotel Indigo in Chester, Bridgewood Manor Hotel in Chatham, the Nottingham Belfry, the Bristol Harbour Hotel, the Windermere Hydro Hotel.
Advising Barings on a EUR200 million equity joint venture established to invest in pan-European logistics properties and leading a team on the subsequent acquisitions pursuant to the underlying framework agreement.
Advising Hampshire Hospitals NHS Trust by negotiating an option and development agreement to acquire a 55 acre site in Basingstoke intended for the creation of a new critical care hospital.
Advising CBREGI by negotiating sale and leasebacks with supermarket operators including the GBP45 million acquisition of the Sainsbury's superstore in Halifax.
York Law College
Leeds University, LLB
Mentioned in "DLA Piper advises St James's Place Property Unit Trust on £13.25m estate acquisition," The Lawyer, 13 March, 2014
Mentioned in "DLA Piper advises Cornerstone Real Estate on purchase of grade A office building," The Lawyer, 21 August, 2013
Commented on "DLA Piper Advises on £64M Acquisition of Portfolio of Seven Properties," DLA Piper Press Release, 23 November, 2012
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The Howard County Department of Recreation and Parks is accepting registrations for its Fall 50+ Adult Softball Leagues. Play begins on Aug. 13. Fee is $600 per team for a 14 game season and includes officials game balls sanction fees awards playoffs field reservations and lights. All games are played in county parks. Deadline to register is July 20. Space is limited.