text:
Q: Parse JSON to CSV + additional columns I'm attempting to parse a JSON file with the following syntax into CSV:
{"code":2000,"message":"SUCCESS","data":
{"1":
  {"id":1,
"name":"first_name",
"icon":"url.png",
"attribute1":"value",
"attribute2":"value" ...},
"2":
  {"id":2,
"name":"first_name",
"icon":"url.png",
"attribute1":"value",
"attribute2":"value" ...},
"3":
  {"id":3,
"name":"first_name",
"icon":"url.png",
"attribute1":"value",
"attribute2":"value" ...}, and so forth
}}}

I have found similar questions (e.g. here and here and I am working with the following method:
import requests
import json
import csv
import os

jsonfile = "/path/to.json"
csvfile = "/path/to.csv"

with open(jsonfile) as json_file:
    data=json.load(json_file)

data_file = open(csvfile,'w')

csvwriter = csv.writer(data_file)
csvwriter.writerow(data["data"].keys())

for row in data:
    csvwriter.writerow(row["data"].values())
data_file.close()

but I am missing something.
I get this error when I try to run:
TypeError: string indices must be integers

and my csv output is:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,96

At the end of the day, I am trying to convert the following function (from PowerShell) to Python. This converted the JSON to CSV and added 3 additional custom columns to the end:
$json = wget $lvl | ConvertFrom-Json
$json.data | %{$_.psobject.properties.value} `
   | select-object *,@{Name='Custom1';Expression={$m}},@{Name='Level';Expression={$l}},@{Name='Custom2';Expression={$a}},@{Name='Custom3';Expression={$r}} `
   | Export-CSV -path $outfile

The output looks like:
"id","name","icon","attribute1","attribute2",..."Custom1","Custom2","Custom3"
"1","first_name","url.png","value","value",..."a","b","c"
"2","first_name","url.png","value","value",..."a","b","c"
"3","first_name","url.png","value","value",..."a","b","c"

A: As suggested by martineau in a now-deleted answer, my key name was incorrect.
I ended up with this:
import json
import csv

jsonfile = "/path/to.json"
csvfile = "/path/to.csv"

with open(jsonfile) as json_file:
    data=json.load(json_file)

data_file = open(csvfile,'w')

csvwriter = csv.writer(data_file)

#get sample keys
header=data["data"]["1"].keys()

#add new fields to dict
keys = list(header)
keys.append("field2")
keys.append("field3")

#write header
csvwriter.writerow(keys)

#for each entry
total = data["data"]

for row in total:
    rowdefault = data["data"][str(row)].values()
    rowdata = list(rowdefault)
    rowdata.append("value1")
    rowdata.append("value2")
    csvwriter.writerow(rowdata)

Here, I'm grabbing each row by its name id via str(row).


Welcome to the August edition of The Postnatal Project Q&A. Here, I answer two questions a month related to parenting, sleep, breastfeeding, postnatal depression and everything in between. If you'd like your question answered, get in touch via the contact page.
- I want to have a cup of tea, I want a snack, I want to read a book - but I'm too damn tired. I scroll Instagram while I brush my teeth and hop into bed ready for round 2 - the hardest round.


text:
The Bachelor Franchise to End in Late 2021? Star Makes Surprise Prediction
By Author Simon Delott at Apr 21, 2021 • Category Blake Horstmann
Fans are already excited for Michelle Young's season of The Bachelorette (tentatively set for later this year).
We hope that it's a good one … because one member of Bachelor Nation claims that it will be the last.
Blake Horstmann was a fan favorite, and he's pulling for Michelle to find love, don't get it twisted.
But according to him, the entire franchise is about to collapse and its decline can't be reversed.
This week, Horstmann took to his Instagram Stories to prognosticate about the popular franchise's future.
"Nothing lasts forever," he acknowledged.
"But also … I think there won't be another Bachelor season," Blake, who turns 32 this week, added.
His reasoning?
Photo via abc
"I think it'll end after Michelle," Blake speculated, and was the first to admit that this was very much a "hot take."
But he also wanted to take the time to explain his reasoning, and in doing so, said a lot of things we're all thinking.
Let's be honest, 2020-21 has not been good to the franchise.
"Whether you think it's right, wrong, whatever your stance is on the [Chris Harrison scandal]," Blake explained.
He opined: "I think it drove away a lot of loyal fans and viewers."
That seems to be less hot take and more fact. As we will explain momentarily, this was a two-pronged blow.
Photo via Facebook
"They're really not going to watch the show," Blake suggested.
He predicted that when it returns this summer and fall:
"Ratings are going to plummet."
There is a lot to be said about that, of course.
Photo via Instagram
Blake is right in that Chris' scandal – and the scandal that led to it, before he got tangled up in it – was extremely divisive among the fans.
Many people have soured on the franchise as a result.
But it's a little less cut-and-dried than some might assume. Peel back the layers a bit and you'll find a complicated situation.
Some fans are so disgusted by the vitriol and racism from other fans that they don't enjoy the show anymore.
Racism was visible during Rachel Lindsay's season, in which she was the first Black Bachelorette, but relatively quiet.
Recently, white supremacist elements of the fandom have become emboldened and much more outspoken.
Never was this more apparent than in Season 25 earlier this year, during which Matt James became the first Black Bachelor.
Early on, it was clear that Rachael Kirkconnell was a frontrunner for the franchise's long-overdue first Black leading man.
Naturally, fans wanted to know more about her … and recoiled at what they found.
As we reported extensively at the time, Rachael's social media history had enough red flags to open a red flag store.
Some of it was posts that she "liked" featuring notorious hate symbols.
Fans were also concerned about Matt James' potential future in-laws when their abhorrent politics were revealed.
There was no "smoking gun" of Rachael herself displaying explicit hatred.
Even so, fans had a hard time imagining adding up all of what they saw and heard and not finding a racist.
Concerns rose after her disgusting antebellum party photos were shared alongside reports that she bullied girls in high school for liking Black guys.
Rachael was not immediately able to respond to all of this.
Perhaps that contractual reality was what drove Chris Harrison to defend her.
Though Rachael herself would later ask fans to not defend her indefensible choices, Chris did so in an interview.
That in and of itself was not malicious, of course.
But then, conscious malice is not required for something to be racist.
In fact, the majority of racism that we see comes from people who will insist that they're "not racist at all."
Chris did more than just ask for "grace" for Rachael, however.
During that same interview, he repeatedly spoke over Rachel Lindsay — rude, but also tone deaf.
He also disparagingly dismissed backlash as a "woke mob," a term that no good person uses unironically.
The backlash was intense, and included statements from people who had appeared on the franchise.
Some contestants of color shared how they had seen this side of Chris themselves, off camera.
As a host, Chris' job should never involve creating problems for the franchise, but that is what he had done.
Chris announced that he was taking time off for the remainder of the season.
He later shared that he was expanding this time off for an indefinite amount of time.
ABC shared their support for Chris doing the work that he needs to do to not repeat these mistakes.
But yes, some people's disgust with racist fans and with Chris means that some of them will never tune in again.
At the very least, it may take a few seasons before the show can lure them back.
Disgustingly, there are others who will not watch … but for the opposite reason.
We are all painfully aware of the racists coordinating to voice their unwavering support for Chris Harrison.
These groups are obviously not focused upon Chris. He is, to them, a symbol.
Why, if Chris can be held accountable, then anyone could. That is a racist's worst nightmare.
So these racists will be taking time off from watching the show as well, in "protest" of Chris' absence.
If the Bachelor franchise dies, it will have been killed by racism – both within and without.
But that doesn't mean that Blake is right.
Kody Brown Labeled as "Hot Garbage" for Abandoning Daughter Prior to Surgery
Anna Duggar: Did She Just CONFIRM She's Pregnant Again? [Updated]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Simon & Schuster Announces Plans to Publish International Thriller Writers Anthology
Simon & Schuster has announced plans to publish Face Off, a collection of thriller short stories. The collection will features story collaborations by 23 top thriller writers. The 11-story anthology will be curated by the International Thriller Writers (ITW). It will be published in 2014. The project will be edited by David Baldacci.
The stories in Face Off will feature such pairings as Michael Connelly's Hieronymous "Harry" Bosch joining forces with Dennis Lehane's Patrick Kenzie in the story "Red Eye" and John Sandford's Lucas Davenport teaming up with Jeffery Deaver's Lincoln Rhyme in "Rhymes with Prey."
David Baldacci said in a statement, "This is a once-in-a lifetime opportunity for readers. It's only through ITW that we were able to bring these literary legends toe to toe. I'm honored to be at the helm of this amazing ship."
Photo: Simon & Schuster


text:
Micrevania albicoxa är en stekelart som först beskrevs av Schulthess 1918.  Micrevania albicoxa ingår i släktet Micrevania och familjen hungersteklar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Hungersteklar
albicoxa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


LunchSkins are environmentally and budget friendly fabric sandwich and snack bags that can be reused again and again. Available in a variety of styles and designs, the bags are made of high-quality thick cotton fabric that is dishwasher and washing machine safe. SRP: $7.85 (snack bag), $10.95 (sub bag).


text:
Tyler Adams signs with Leeds, joins US's Aaronson, Marsch
Another chalk up Leeds United States (USA).
Tyler Adams follows American teammate Brendan Aaronson and heads down Elland Road from Red Bull ownership, where he will play with American coach Jesse Marsh for a club that has suddenly become as important and interesting as any with regard to the fortunes of the United States. Men's World Cup 2022. Adams leaves RB Leipzig to meet Marsch at a third destination (New York Red Bulls, Leipzig, Leeds) for a reported £20m ($23.9m), signaling the end of his Bundesliga spell and dawn A new challenge in a vital time.
In terms of player-manager proportionality, you would think he couldn't do much better for both Adams and Aaronson, who will be tasked with adapting to the demands of the Premier League while staying fit and fit in order to be peak form for a trip to Qatar in November. Both have played for Marsh previously (Aaronson did at Salzburg), so there shouldn't be much of an acclimation process, at least in terms of his preferred style, and there should be a lot of support for both from the top. Adams didn't score much, but his first unofficial goal for Red Bull came nearly seven years ago in a friendly against Chelsea, when he was 16 and when Marsh was his coach. Suffice it to say, there is an understanding and measurement of history between them that is not all that common among players and coaches.
"Jesse has had a huge impact on my career thus far," Adams said. Leeds Video Channel. "He gave me a lot of experiences as a young player that other players might not have."
Adams and Marsh in R. B. Leipzig.
MIS Images / Imago
That doesn't mean this would be an easy path to play time, though, for any American star. Leeds may have lost midfielder Calvin Phillips to Manchester City and could sell star winger Ravenha, but Adams and Aaronson are not the only alternatives brought in. slated to be signed from Feyenoord) would also strengthen Marsch's team, and his main goal is to avoid the same kind of relegation junk that the Leeds nearly claimed last season, not serving the greater good of the USMNT. If both can be achieved, that's great, but the situation is where even though the conditions for the American players seem perfect, nothing will be spoon-fed. The Premier League can be tough, with Marsh almost finding the hard way just months after taking over as Leeds manager.
"That's the most important thing to me – playing against the best teams, playing against the best players, and proving yourself to everyone. That's why I chose here," Adams said.
There will be a lot of pressure on both Adams and Aaronson to deliver, and for Adams in particular, he has come off a season with some mixed results. He started only 12 league games with RB Leipzig, but ended up winning the Bundesliga title in what ended up bidding him farewell to the club. There will be focus on him being a key player in Leeds XI as he prepares for what should be a role with a high degree of responsibility in Qatar.
There could be long-term repercussions for the national team after the upcoming World Cup as well, depending on how their future with the club develops. Both are signed with Leeds during the next World Cup – which the United States will co-host with Mexico and Canada – with Adams and Aaronson in five-year deals through the summer of 2027.
Adams is a vital cog in the US midfield.
Nick Tree. Smith / ICON Sportswear / Imago Images
Their signings topped a busy summer of player movement that was largely expected of the American pool of players given how vulnerable many of the individual club's positions were. Goalkeepers Zach Stephen (reportedly heading to Middlesbrough) and Ethan Horvath (Luton Town) will go on loan with a view to securing more regular playing time, while Matt Turner (Arsenal) will be hoping exposure to the Premier League will replace his top-tier position in MLS. . In the meantime, Jordan Pivok is heading to the Bundesliga (Union Berlin) after scoring in Switzerland as he pleases, and perhaps could throw himself back into a more prominent position on the striker's depth chart.
The biggest unanswered question revolves around Christian Pulisic, with Chelsea clearly looking to change their options amid reports of an agreement on personal terms with Raheem Sterling, with other links with Ravenha, Maxwell Cornet and even Neymar (though Christophe is the new PSG boss. Galtier claimed he wanted Neymar to stay when he was presented as a replacement for Mauricio Pochettino). Regardless of whether Chelsea – and new US owner/interim sporting director Todd Boehle – actually end up adding anyone, it can't be comfortable or stable for a player whose status with the club always appears to be in flux.
To this end, the landing sites for Adams and Aronson are ideal. There will be a layer of comfort in knowing they are playing for a familiar manager, and there should be no concern in communicating with the US Soccer team and Gregg Berhalter about their well-being and physical condition. That's close to the World Cup, with little time left as a national team, the clubs' attitudes and environments mean it all, and for Adams and Aaronson it's very likely they've found the right items.
"Regular playing time is important to me, and I want to make a big impact here as well," Adams said. "It will have a huge impact on how we perform as a national team at the World Cup."
More football coverage:
'Ndrangheta mafia kingpin returns to Italy to serve 30-year sentence
Crypto losses hit $670M in Q2, up 52% from year-ago period – TechCrunch


text:
The history of the Colored Methodist Episcopal church in America : comprising its organization, subsequent development, and present status
The history of the Colored Methodist Episcopal church in America : comprising its organization, subsequent development, and present status / By C.H. Phillips, A.M., M.D., D.D., editor Christian index, official organ of the church.
Phillips, C. H. (Charles Henry), 1858-1951.
Jackson, Tenn. : Publishing House, C.M.E. Church. I.H. Anderson, agent, 1898.
©1898.
Text Restricted use Sc Rare 287-P (Phillips, C. H. The history of the Colored Methodist Episcopal church) Schomburg Center - Manuscripts & Archives
247, [1] pages, [1] leaf of plates : illustrations, portraits; 19 cm.
Donor/Sponsor
Home to Harlem Project funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
Colored Methodist Episcopal Church Clergy > Biography
African Americans > Biography
Colored Methodist Episcopal Church History
African American Methodists > Biography
"Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1898, by C.H. Phillips, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington."--copyright statement, verso of title page.
"Biography of the author, by J.W. Smith"--pages 7-13.
Last page blank.
Provenance (note)
is part of the original collection purchased from Arthur A. Schomburg in 1926.
Sc Rare 287-P (Phillips, C. H. The history of the Colored Methodist Episcopal church)
c 98000375 //r922
Copy in Sc Rare 287-P (accession no. B526412) is part of the original collection purchased from Arthur A. Schomburg in 1926. NN
Request Access to Special Collections Material
Local Subject
Black author.
Schomburg, Arthur Alfonso, 1874-1938, former owner.


text:
UAE cellular device manufacturer targets five% proportion in Kenya
Angelique WilsonSeptember 4, 2022Comments Off on UAE cellular device manufacturer targets five% proportion in Kenya0687
UAE primarily based Magnus Telecom targets a five in keeping with cent market percentage in Kenya device telephones commercial enterprise.
UAE Air Base
Connect USB to PC
Website Kenya
The organization, which is rated most of the pinnacle three in Saudi Arabia and the UAE, is seeking to cement its retail business in Kenya through subscriptions. If we can capture 5 in line with cent marketplace share right here, then we will become a visible brand. As a new brand, we're promoting devices every day, which means our growth is on an upward trend," Magnus Telecom director for Africa operations Noor Ali said throughout an interview with the Celebrity. Magnus Telecom could compete for market percentage with already installed brands, including Samsung, Huawei, Techno, and Infinix. The mobile tool manufacturer is part of Dubai, primarily based on Telelink Group Restrained.
We're looking to make sure technology at a low-cost charge. Technology is not luxurious. It's far from the brand, which makes it costly. We are seeking to layout an era that's less costly with the state-of-the-art specifications," said Ali. The mobile producer which commenced operations inside u. S . in November 2016 has over 7,000 subscribers three,000 of whom the company obtained via online stores Julia and Kilimall. Magnus Telecoms is but to accomplice with operators because the firm continues to be tracking its sales inside the market. We wanted to go both offline and on the line in Kenya but not via the operators. However, we're operating with exclusive telecoms service vendors to create partnerships with the intention to raise sales," said Ali.
Excessive penetration and boom charge of smart telephones in u. S . has been attributed to a robust financial climate and expanded internet and cellular connectivity. The firm has a greater presence in Tanzania and Uganda, where tool sales stand at a hundred,000 and 25,000 in line with the month, respectively. We were given a few early commercial enterprise leads and partnerships with Airtel in Tanzania and Kenya; we wanted to be here in advance. However, there is a time and area for the entirety," said Ali.
Recycle Your Cell Telephone & Assist the Environment
Whilst you buy a new cell Telephone, what you do with your antique Cellphone? Just throw it in the drawer or skip it with your buddy or someone else! You are not alone in doing so. Have you ever idea about recycling your cell Telephone? Perhaps you are not aware of it! Once more, you are not alone. 97% of humans do not recycle their Phones.
In a recent worldwide survey, performed by Nokia according to the global patron survey, it's far located that handiest 3% of people recycle their cellular telephones. The survey was conducted in thirteen countries, including Finland, Germany, Italy, Russia, Sweden, Uk, UAE, the US, Nigeria, India, China, Indonesia, and Brazil, and 6500 humans have been interviewed. The survey was conducted to Help Nokia discover greater about customers' attitudes and behaviors closer to recycling.
Unawareness: The top concern
Almost half the human beings are even not aware of the fact that their mobile might be recycled. Two-1/3 of the interviewees stated they did not recognize how to recycle an undesirable tool, while seventy-one% were ignorant of where to do that. If every three billion cell owner brought just one unused device, even a cellular Telephone battery charger, 240 000 tons of uncooked substances could be saved. It'll Assist lessen the greenhouse gasses to the equal effect of taking 4 million automobiles off the street.
The survey highlighted that on a median, everybody very owns 5 mobile phones. four% of these are being thrown into a landfill and forty-four%, are actually being stored at houses never used. Some cell telephones are given every other existence, one-fourth are handed to pals or own family, and 16% are sold in rising markets.
74% of clients do not think about recycling their telephones, while 72% suppose recycling distinguishes the Environment. The result becomes uniformly determined in extraordinary countries with 88% of people in Indonesia no longer thinking about recycling unwanted gadgets, 84% in India, and seventy-eight% of people in Brazil, Sweden, Germany, and Finland.
Assist the Surroundings
Eighty% of any Nokia tool is recyclable. The valuable materials inside those devices may be reused to Help make new products, including park benches, kitchen utensils, metal musical instruments, or dental fillings. In step with Markus Terho, the director of environmental affairs at Nokia, "The usage of the satisfactory recycling era not anything is wasted. Between 65 – 80% of a Nokia tool can be recycled. Plastics that can't be recycled are burnt to offer power for the recycling method, and other substances are floor up into chips and used as construction substances or for constructing roads. In this way, not anything has to visit a landfill."
Mobile Communications Offerings
The world of cellular communications isn't a fashion but a phenomenon. The cellular verbal exchange enterprise is one of the most flourishing sectors inside the ICT enterprise. On the delivering side, companies compete via providing distinctive types of Services, usually via proprietary networks, wherein they invest in capacity and coverage. Consumers are surprisingly heterogeneous in willingness to pay and modes of service users on the demand aspect.
The fast uptake of cell technology within the last decade is a remarkable phenomenon that has changed society. Cell subscriber increase continues with the emerging markets main the manner. At the same time, as the industry is coping with some of the key issues, including the financial downturn, a saturation of evolved markets, and spectrum worries – it is nevertheless anticipated that during 2011 there may be over five billion cellular subscribers international.
Cellular communications Offerings originated from voice telephony. But, when measured in terms of the wide variety of wi-fi devices, the cell Smartphone marketplace is becoming saturated at a rather fast pace. In quick, there can be no substantial growth in traffic merely via voice telephony. Given this difficulty, there appear to be Two viable strategies to gain an increase in mobile communications: (i) implementation of the latest cell Services with an array of various multimedia packages and (ii) the creation of the latest wireless devices with greater functions, along with direct tool-to-device communications abilities.
The technology which might bring new capabilities to the mobile devices would be Near Field Communications (payments, making), specializing in contactless bills, marketing, advertising. Cellular Cellphone-based contactless payments will facilitate over $36 billion of world customer spending via 2011.
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CIDA was established in 1968 to administer the bulk of Canada's official development assistance (ODA) program. The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) supports sustainable development activities in order to reduce poverty and to contribute to a more secure, equitable and prosperous world. The measure of its success lies in its contribution to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Canada's broader international policy objectives.
CIDA's aim is to manage Canada's support and resources effectively and accountably to achieve meaningful, sustainable results and engage in policy development in Canada and internationally, enabling Canada's effort to realize its development objectives.


text:
If you think we're done with neoliberalism, think again
January 16, 2013 8:13 am Published by George Monbiot Leave your thoughts
How they must bleed for us. In 2012, the world's 100 richest people became $241 billion richer ( 1 ). They are now worth $1.9 trillion: just a little less than the GDP of the United Kingdom.
This is not the result of chance. The rise in the fortunes of the super-rich is the direct result of policies. Here are a few: the reduction of tax rates and tax enforcement; governments' refusal to recoup a decent share of revenues from minerals and land; the privatisation of public assets and the creation of a toll-booth economy; wage liberalisation and the destruction of collective bargaining.
The policies which made the global monarchs so rich are the policies squeezing everyone else. This is not what the theory predicted. Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman and their disciples – in a thousand business schools, the IMF, the World Bank, the OECD and just about every modern government – have argued that the less governments tax the rich, defend workers and redistribute wealth, the more prosperous everyone will be. Any attempt to reduce inequality would damage the efficiency of the market, impeding the rising tide that lifts all boats (2). The apostles have conducted a 30-year global experiment and the results are now in. Total failure.
Before I go on, I should point out that I don't believe perpetual economic growth is either sustainable or desirable (3). But if growth is your aim – an aim to which every government claims to subscribe – you couldn't make a bigger mess of it than by releasing the super-rich from the constraints of democracy.
Last year's annual report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development should have been an obituary for the neoliberal model developed by Hayek and Friedman and their disciples (4). It shows unequivocally that their policies have created the opposite outcomes to those they predicted. As neoliberal policies (cutting taxes for the rich, privatising state assets, deregulating labour, reducing social security) began to bite from the 1980s onwards, growth rates started to fall and unemployment to rise.
The remarkable growth in the rich nations during the 1950s, 60s and 70s was made possible by the destruction of the wealth and power of the elite, as a result of the Depression and the second world war. Their embarrassment gave the other 99% an unprecedented chance to demand redistribution, state spending and social security, all of which stimulated demand.
Neoliberalism was an attempt to turn back these reforms. Lavishly funded by millionaires, its advocates were amazingly successful: politically (5). Economically they flopped.
Throughout the OECD countries, taxation has become more regressive: the rich pay less, the poor pay more (6). The result, the neoliberals claimed, would be that economic efficiency and investment would rise, enriching everyone. The opposite occurred. As taxes on the rich and on business diminished, the spending power of both the state and poorer people fell, and demand contracted. The result was that investment rates declined, in step with companies' expectations of growth (7).
The neoliberals also insisted that unrestrained inequality in incomes and flexible wages would reduce unemployment. But throughout the rich world both inequality and unemployment have soared (8). The recent jump in unemployment in most developed countries – worse than in any previous recession of the past three decades – was preceded by the lowest level of wages as a share of GDP since the second world war (9). Bang goes the theory. It failed for the same obvious reason: low wages suppress demand, which suppresses employment.
As wages stagnated, people supplemented their incomes with debt. Rising debt fed the deregulated banks, with consequences of which we are all aware. The greater inequality becomes, the UN report finds, the less stable the economy and the lower its rates of growth. The policies with which neoliberal governments seek to reduce their deficits and stimulate their economies are counter-productive.
The impending reduction of the UK's top rate of income tax (from 50% to 45%) will not boost government revenue or private enterprise (10), but it will enrich the speculators who tanked the economy: Goldman Sachs and other banks are now thinking of delaying their bonus payments to take advantage of it (11). The welfare bill approved by parliament last week will not help to clear the deficit or stimulate employment: it will reduce demand, suppressing economic recovery. The same goes for the capping of public sector pay. "Relearning some old lessons about fairness and participation," the UN says, "is the only way to eventually overcome the crisis and pursue a path of sustainable economic development." (12)
As I say, I have no dog in this race, except a belief that no one, in this sea of riches, should have to be poor. But staring dumbfounded at the lessons unlearned in Britain, Europe and the United States, it strikes me that the entire structure of neoliberal thought is a fraud. The demands of the ultra-rich have been dressed up as sophisticated economic theory and applied regardless of the outcome. The complete failure of this world-scale experiment is no impediment to its repetition. This has nothing to do with economics. It has everything to do with power.
This article was first published in the Guardian 15 January 2013
For more articles by George Monbiot www.monbiot.com
1. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-01-01/billionaires-worth-1-9-trillion-seek-advantage-in-2013.html
2. Milton Friedman and Rose Friedman,1980. Free to Choose. Secker & Warburg, London.
3. For an alternative vision, see Tim Jackson, 2009, Prosperity Without Growth. Sustainable Development Commission. http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/data/files/publications/prosperity_without_growth_report.pdf
4. UNCTAD, 2012. Trade and Development Report: Policies for Inclusive and Balanced Growth. http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tdr2012_en.pdf
5. See David Harvey, 2005. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.
6. The UN reports: "The overall effect of these changes in the tax structure made taxation more regressive. Indeed, a review of tax reforms in OECD countries did not find a single country where the tax system became more progressive (Steinmo, 2003: 223)." UNCTAD, 2012, as above.
7."Redistribution through fiscal measures may therefore be in the interest of society as a whole, especially where inequality is particularly pronounced as in many developing countries. This is supported by the experience in developed countries,as investment rates were not lower – but indeed often higher – in the first three decades of the post-war era, even though taxes on profits and top incomes were higher than after the widespread fiscal reforms implemented subsequently. There are strong reasons to believe that the willingness of entrepreneurs to invest in new productive capacity does not depend primarily on net profits at a given point in time, but on their expectations regarding future demand for the goods and services they can produce with additional capacity. This is of particular importance when considering the overall effect of an increase in corporate taxes. Provided that higher tax revenues are used for additional government expenditures, companies' expectations of a growth in demand will improve. This demand effect is independent of whether the additional government expenditures take the form of government consumption, public investment or social transfers. When the level of fixed investment is maintained as a result of favourable demand expectations gross profits will rise – and generally so will net profits, notwithstanding the initial tax increase. In the process, additional income and employment will be created for the economy as a whole." UNCTAD, 2012, as above.
8. "The proposition that greater flexibility of the aggregate wage level and lower average wages are necessary to boost employment, as they lead to a substitution of labour for capital in the economy as a whole, can be directly refuted, given the strong positive correlation between investment in gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) and employment creation that exists in developed countries (chart 6.3). This correlation contradicts the neoclassical model: in the real world, companies invest and disinvest in capital and labour at the same time, and the level of their investment depends on the overall state of the economy, which determines their demand expectations. This implies that, in the macroeconomic context, capital and labour can be considered substitutes only to a very limited extent." UNCTAD, 2012, as above.
9. "Just ahead of the new big jump in unemployment in developed countries – from less than 6 per cent in 2007 to close to 9 per cent in 2010-2011- the share of wages in overall GDP had fallen to the lowest level on record since the end of the Second World War (i.e. to 57 per cent, down from more than 61 per cent in 1980). This should be a wake-up call. If unemployment rises more than during any other recession that occurred during the last three decades, even though the share of wages in GDP has fallen, there must be something fundamentally wrong with an economic theory that justifies the rise of inequality mainly in terms of the need to tackle persistent unemployment." UNCTAD, 2012, as above.
10. Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez and Stefanie Stantcheva calculate that the optimal level for the top rate of income tax (to maximise revenue) is between 57 and 83%. Piketty, Saez and Stantcheva,2011. Optimal taxation of top labor incomes: A tale of three elasticities. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA. http://www.nber.org/papers/w17616
11. Patrick Jenkins, 14th January 2013. Goldman Eyes Tax Delay on UK Bonuses. Financial Times (£).
12. UNCTAD, 2012, as above.
Tags: Global


text:
package algoritms_data_structures;

import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class Sort {
	/**
	 * Simplest sorting algorithm
	 *  O (n^2)
	 * @param array
	 */
	public static void selectionSort(int[] array){

		//compare each element to the others and let the lower at left
		for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; i++) {
			int smallestIndex = i;
			for (int j = i + 1; j < array.length; j++) {
				if (array[j] < array[smallestIndex]) {
					smallestIndex = j;
				}
			}
			swap(array, i, smallestIndex);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Compare whit adjacent element
	 * push greatest element to the right of array
	 *  O (n^2)
	 * @param array
	 */
	public static void bubbleSort(int[] array){

		for (int i = array.length - 1 ; i > 1 ; i--) {
			//compare each element to the adjacent and swipe if is bigger
			for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
				if (array[j] > array[j + 1]) {
					swap(array, j, j + 1);
				}
			}
		}
	}

    public static void bubbleSort2(int[] array){
        // Track number of elements swapped during a single array traversal
        boolean sorted = false;
        int lastSorted = array.length - 1;
        do {
            sorted = true;
            for (int j = 0; j < lastSorted ; j++) {
                // Swap adjacent elements if they are in decreasing order
                if (array[j] > array[j + 1]) {
                    swap(array, j, j + 1);
                    sorted = false;
                }
            }
            lastSorted --;
        }while(!sorted);
    }

	/**
	 * a little more efficient than selection and bubble sort in practical scenarios
	 * have two subsets of the array, the sorted part and unsorted part
	 * each element is inserted in the correct position in the sorted part
	 *  O (n) best case
	 *  O (n^2) worst case
	 * @param array
	 */
	public static void insertionSort(int[] array){
		for (int i = 1 ; i < array.length; i++) {
			int compValue = array[i];
			int sortedIndx = i;
			while (sortedIndx > 0 && array[sortedIndx - 1] > compValue) {
				array[sortedIndx] = array[sortedIndx - 1];
				sortedIndx = sortedIndx - 1;
			}
			array[sortedIndx] = compValue;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * O(n log n) in random case
	 * developed by Charles Antony Richard Hoare
	 * Based on "divide and conquer"
	 * Sorting occurs in the same array
	 * @param array
	 * @param start of sort segment in array
	 * @param end of sort segment in array
	 */
	public static void quickSort(int[] array, int start, int end){

		//If array segment is size 1 then array is sorted (stop condition for recursion)
		if(start < end){
			//Order smaller numbers than pivot to the left and bigger to the right
			int partitionIndex = partition(array, start, end);

			//divide array in left and right array if possible
			//left part
			quickSort(array, start, partitionIndex - 1);

			//right part
			quickSort(array, partitionIndex + 1, end);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * O(n log n) in random case
	 * developed by Charles Antony Richard Hoare
	 * Based on "divide and conquer"
	 * Sorting occurs in the same array
	 * @param array
	 * @param startIndex of sort segment in array
	 * @param endIndex of sort segment in array
	 */
	public static void quickSort2(int[] array, int startIndex, int endIndex){

		if(startIndex > endIndex ){
			return;
		}

		int pivot = array[(endIndex + startIndex)/2];
		int partitionIndex = partition2(array, startIndex, endIndex, pivot);
		//divide array in left and right array if possible
		//left part
		quickSort(array, startIndex, partitionIndex - 1);

		//right part
		quickSort(array, partitionIndex, endIndex);
	}

	private static int partition2(int [] array, int startIndex, int endIndex, int pivot){
		//Choose a pivot
		while(startIndex <= endIndex){
			while(array[startIndex] < pivot){
				startIndex++;
			}

			while(array[endIndex] > pivot){
				endIndex--;
			}

			if(startIndex <= endIndex){
				swap(array, startIndex, endIndex);
				startIndex ++;
				endIndex --;
			}
		}
		return startIndex;
	}

	private static int partition(int [] array, int start, int end){
		//Choose a pivot
		int pivot = array[end];
		int partitionIndex = start;

		for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
			//Swap values if is element is less than pivot
			if(array[i] <= pivot){
				swap(array, i, partitionIndex);
				partitionIndex ++;
			}
		}

		//Swap element at partition index with pivot
		swap(array, end, partitionIndex);

		return partitionIndex;
	}

	private static void swap(int [] array, int indexElement1, int indexElement2){
		int vessel = array[indexElement1];
		array[indexElement1] = array[indexElement2];
		array[indexElement2] = vessel;
	}

	/**
	 * This Algorithm construct from array multiple sub arrays in memory
	 * O(n log n) in worst case
	 * @param array
	 */
	public static void mergeSort(int[] array){
		int arraySize = array.length;
		if(arraySize > 1){
			//divide in two the array
			int middle;
			if(array.length%2 == 0){
				middle = arraySize/2;
			}else{
				middle =  Integer.valueOf(arraySize/2);
			}

			int[] leftArray = Arrays.copyOf(array, middle);

			int[] rightArray = new int[arraySize - middle];
            System.arraycopy(array, middle, rightArray, 0, rightArray.length);

			//Sort each subArray
			mergeSort(rightArray);
			mergeSort(leftArray);

			//merge each subArray
			mergeArrays(leftArray, rightArray, array);
		}
	}

	private static void mergeArrays(int[] leftArray, int[] rigthArray, int[] array){
		//smallest unpicked at left
		int leftPosition = 0;

		//smallest unpicked at right
		int rightPosition = 0;

		//Position that needs to be filled in array
		int arrayPosition = 0;

		while(leftPosition < leftArray.length && rightPosition < rigthArray.length){
			if (leftArray[leftPosition] <= rigthArray[rightPosition]) {
				array[arrayPosition] = leftArray[leftPosition];
				leftPosition ++;
			}else{
				array[arrayPosition] = rigthArray[rightPosition];
				rightPosition ++;
			}
			arrayPosition++;
		}

		while (leftPosition < leftArray.length) {
			array[arrayPosition] = leftArray[leftPosition];
			leftPosition ++;
			arrayPosition++;
		}

		while (rightPosition < rigthArray.length) {
			array[arrayPosition] = rigthArray[rightPosition];
			rightPosition ++;
			arrayPosition++;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * This Algorithm construct from array multiple sub arrays in memory
	 * O(n log n) in worst case
	 * @param array
	 */
	public static void mergeSort2(int[] array){
		mergeSortAux(array, new int[array.length], 0, array.length -1);

	}

	private static void mergeSortAux(int [] array, int [] auxiliarArray, int leftStart, int rightEnd){
		if(leftStart >= rightEnd){
			return;
		}
		int middle = (leftStart + rightEnd)/2;
		mergeSortAux(array, auxiliarArray, leftStart, middle);
		mergeSortAux(array, auxiliarArray, middle + 1, rightEnd);
		mergeHalves(array, auxiliarArray, leftStart, rightEnd);
	}

	private static void mergeHalves (int [] array, int [] auxiliarArray, int leftStart, int rightEnd){
		int leftEnd = (leftStart + rightEnd)/2;
		int rightStart = leftEnd + 1;
		int size = rightEnd - leftStart + 1;

		int left = leftStart;
		int right = rightStart;
		int index = leftStart;

		while(left <= leftEnd && right <= rightEnd){

			if (array[left] < array[right]) {
				auxiliarArray[index] = array[left];
				left++;

			}else {
				auxiliarArray[index] = array[right];
				right++;
			}

			index++;
		}

		System.arraycopy(array, left, auxiliarArray, index , leftEnd - left + 1);
		System.arraycopy(array, right, auxiliarArray, index , rightEnd - right + 1);
		System.arraycopy(auxiliarArray, leftStart, array, leftStart , size);
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int[] array = {2,6,3,5,7,1,4};

		insertionSort(array);

		for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			System.out.printf("%d ", array[i]);
		}

	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A Grant County judge's illness has forced him from the bench temporarily, and the Indiana Supreme Court has appointed a deputy prosecutor from Marion as judge pro tempore.
Grant Superior 2 Judge Randall Lee Johnson filed a petition earlier this week that notified the state's highest court that he was unable to perform Superior Court 2 duties because of illness. While details of his illness aren't outlined by the Supreme Court, Judge Johnson has been experiencing health problems for more than a year because of mold infestation in the county's historic courthouse.
In mid-2008, the Indiana State Department of Health found mold and mildew problems in the court complex. The county relocated both Superior 2 and the juvenile court to the county office complex, and Judge Johnson had been working from home and hearing cases despite health issues related to the mold. Other court employees have also had health problems and the judge has temporarily closed the court in the past. County officials are still in the process of finalizing repairs or renovations for the Superior 2 location.
Judge Johnson took the bench in 2001, and his current term is set to expire at the end of 2012. Under Trial Rule 63 (B)(1), the Supreme Court granted his petition and named Marion attorney Dana Kenworthy as judge pro tempore. The high court's public information officer described that as a rare move, having to appoint a judge pro tem because of illness.
A 2001 graduate of Indiana University School of Law - Indianapolis, Kenworthy has been a Grant County deputy prosecutor since 2001. Aside from those full-time prosecutor duties, Kenworthy has also received recognition and awards, including the Randall T. Shepard Award, for her pro bono work. She served four years as the county's pro bono committee chair and continues serving District 6, while also working to set up a mediation program in her community.
The Indiana Supreme Court has not indicated how long Kenworthy will serve in that role, but her appointment takes effect Monday and her service remains in effect until the court orders otherwise.


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text:
In Theaters: 10/14/2016
On Video: 01/10/2017
By: Blake Crane
Hello? Hello?
Buy It From Amazon
Buy It On DVD
Buy It On Blu-Ray
It won't have the staying power or cultural impact of stand-up specials from Pryor, Carlin, or Murphy, but Kevin Hart: What Now? is an entertaining and sporadically very funny diversion provided by a charismatic comedian. Hart's conviction and genial delivery sells the observational material and even if there's a dearth of readily quotable bits, there's just enough controlled commotion to appreciate watching a guy command the stage at the height of his popularity.
The size of that stage is quite impressive, with Hart selling out Lincoln Financial Field in his hometown of Philadelphia and mugging for a record-breaking crowd of 50,000-plus. There needed to be some sort of hook to up the ante from his successful 2013 concert film Let Me Explain, and the enormity of the venue is a good start.
Directed the Leslie Small, the stage performance includes sweeping shots of the swarm of fans as well as tight reactions that provide a good mix between the scale of the production and Hart's conversational, intimate approach. Visual aids that appear on giant moving screens behind the comedian and display joke scenarios – the unlit driveway outside of his mansion or a boat with a shark circling off the stern, probably worked better in the stadium than they do in the theater, where they come off as superfluous and a tad hokey. He's a good enough storyteller that we don't need them.
The more cinematically polished opening sketch, a James Bond parody directed by Tim Story, is the best narrative film that Hart's been in yet. It could be that it's a small dose of him playing a heightened version of himself, which often grows tiresome in a feature, or that the presence of Halle Berry and Don Cheadle elevate the shenanigans, but there's an impression that a Spy-esque film starring Hart could work well.
But the real measure of What Now?'s success rides on the stand-up. The meat of the material covers the performer's family and successful life, weaving in tales of fatherhood and sticky relationship situations. From his spoiled private school kids who are apoplectic when the Wi-Fi is down to an inquisitive fiancée and jabs at his own fragile masculinity, the star never feels like a poseur and is true to his lifestyle yet remains relatable. He's a successful friend you'd still love to hang with because he's genuine and has great stories.
Less successful are extended digressions into more contrived situations, including a longwinded contemplation of what disfiguring injuries would make you leave your significant other. A tired gag about a famous person needing to use an airport bathroom is only saved by the stunned reaction shot of an audience member. And in 2016 anecdotes about the ridiculousness of Starbucks culture are almost as ubiquitous as Starbucks storefronts.
Any lulls, however, are mostly saved by Hart's charm and his ability to seamlessly transition from the broad to the personal. Even the Starbucks stuff taps into his own quirks as an anxious ball of energy who quells phobias with joke-making.
You could argue that those jokes lack an edge – there's nothing partisan, no over-the-top anger, and nothing designed to shock, but Hart pushing it there could come across as disingenuous and what makes What Now? work is an appealing artist operating within his wheelhouse.
Movie Credits
Director: Leslie Small, Tim Story
Writer: Kevin Hart, Harry Ratchford, Joey Wells, Brian Buccellato
Cast: Kevin Hart, Don Cheadle, Halle Berry, Ed Helms
Previous: The Girl on the Train
Next: The Accountant


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