text:
Todd GitlinManaging Partner & Founder, Safire Partners
Todd Gitlin is the Managing Partner & Founder of Safire Partners, the most active executive search firm in Southern California focused on emerging growth companies. Safire was founded in 2006 and takes on 75 searches annually. Todd has been a recognized leader in executive search since 1999 completing over 700 assignments. Todd is a founding member of the Los Angeles Mayor's Council on Industry and Innovation (LAMCII), which has been rebranded to inLA (www.inla.org) with LAEDC. He is also a mentor at local accelerators: MuckerLab, AmplifyLA, Science Inc and LaunchpadLA; and serves on a number of advisory boards. Todd worked at two other executive search firms between 1999 and 2006. In 1995, Todd founded CareerCreations.com, a failed venture-backed software company focused on matching companies and college students. Todd has a Bachelor of Arts in Organizational Management from California State University, Chico.


I'm a brazilian (living in Brasilia) and, since I read in AkuAku that you are moving here, I became curious about your experience.
Yay! I am so happy you're doing this so you'll update more and include rambles about your everyday. I love akuaku too, but it is more specialized. Whohoo!! Pictures too. Now I can see what you tell me about.
I got gps working...got practice and set-up to do, but I'll be posting soon with gps location!!


Re: How are we notified?
You will receive updates regarding your application via the portal systems. You should receive an update today regarding your status.
Please feel free to email me if you have further questions.
Following a three-month interview and screening process, I learned yesterday that I will be joining the communications team in Senegal as a "Writer." Glory to God and yippee, yippee, yayyyyyy.
What an experience this has been from the first blank filled-in to the final Skype interview. I've been blessed to meet wonderful crew members already aboard the Africa Mercy and also staff in Lindale, Texas. I'm grateful and excited; nervous, yet thrilled. I'm full of emotion(s) and want to encourage those of you still in the process and/or in the talent pool: try to exude patience and know that your waiting isn't in vain.
I am certainly emerging from the application process renewed and feeling Senegal STRONG!
Yes Martin, there is meat on the menu every day. The majority of our crew require protein from meat. Also the local workers (day crew) and patients do not get this protein often enough in their diet. The meat protein helps patients with healing faster after surgeries.
It really depends on how creative you can be. We have a Dutch family on board who eats vegetarian and they were pleasantly surprised at the choices. And we also had a lady from Belgium who complained that she had to eat salads everyday.
If you're wondering what to expect on board - you've come to the right place! Here you'll find everything you'll need to prepare to join us. You can download a PDF of this information by choosing one of the guidebooks below.
I served in the electrical department in Madagascar in 2016. Mostly the responsibility is for routine maintenance of existing systems, and ongoing projects due to the tough marine environment. The staffing levels are good for the workload.
The department also handles electronics.
The team works together daily and rotates an on call responsibility.
The electrical department responds to assist all other departments when replacing or repairing equipment such as blower motors, systems controls, etc.
In this department you get to explain to Americans the difference between transformers and adapters after they fry their small appliances.
Some of the jobs I did were; rewiring the workboat, building an electrical display for the science class in the Academy, rebuilt the hydrolic controls for the small crane, installed new floodlights, replaced a lot of light bulbs and ballasts. An important job I did was help a service professional rebuild the radar system on the mast. A fun job I did was find a short in the circuitry serving the food line in the dining hall. a scary job I did was re-spooling the dumbwaiter. The hardest job I did was move an alarm from above the sewer plant.
Perhaps it depends on the department or whether you were already existing in the talent pool. 🤔 I am an OR nurse, and it will be my second time going. Not sure, but they must be making their way through the list in some fashion, because i got my dates a few days ago! Hang tight!
Create discussions. Click the "New Discussion" button, pick the most relevant category it should go in (for example, "Working Onboard" or "Application Process"), add a title and content, the click "Post Discussion". To edit your posts, click the gear icon on the black bar above the post and choose "edit".
Like good content. This lets you share how you feel about other's comments. The most liked content shows up on the Best Of page. If you see a post that appears to be spam or abusive, please "Flag" the post for moderator review.
Update your notification preferences. You'll receive a notification if someone mentions you or posts to a discussion that you've bookmarked. You can bookmark discussions by clicking the star icon at the top of the post, and set notifications from the Edit Profile page.
Want to embed a YouTube video or a Tweet? Just paste in the link. myMercy will handle the embedding for you!
Please feel free to ask any questions in the "Help" category if you are confused or need assistance with this new forum. Thanks again for your continued support of Mercy Ships and the myMercy community!
So you're a chaplain? What do you actually DO?
"So you're a chaplain?" She asked.
"Yup. I am. It's really the best job on the ship." Was my easy reply.
And then ther was the follow up question. "What do you and the other chaplains actually DO?"
Ahhhh...I am so glad you asked!
According to official documents and job descriptions, "Mercy Ships Chaplaincy aims to promote Spiritual, Emotional, Relational, and Financial HEALTH for all crew. THE FOCUS of the Chaplaincy is to provide and facilitate pastoral care for all Mercy Ships personnel. OUR GOAL is to help create an environment for each individual to live in a biblically healthy manner in order to fulfill their purpose in Mercy Ships for as long as the Lord has designed. OUR BELIEF is that by being objective, safe and impartial we can influence, encourage, shepherd, teach, counsel and mediate in both proactive and responsive ways."
But what do we DO? Here's a list that I know is incomplete...but maybe it'll give a pretty good glimpse into what I think is THE BEST job on the ship.
Be the hands, feet and love of Jesus in very real and tangible ways – Jesus with skin on to the best of our ability!
What do I do? I just try to love people and walk along side of them and support them as they become more and more of who God intends for them to be...and in the process, He's helping me become more and more of who He intends me to be. It's pretty amazing.
Yup. Best job on the ship.
Thank you for your follow up. If you know your placement facilitator, this is the quickest way to find out this status. If you do not know, please provide us your name and the position you applied for and I will have someone reach out to you. Blessings!


Christine Clet-Messadi hails from the town of Besançon in France. Born in the late sixties she studied at the University of Paris-Dauphine and graduated with a Masters in corporate finance. Christine joined Allianz Global Investors France in 1994 as a financial analyst in charge of the pharmaceuticals industry. Since 2002, she has been a European equity fund manager. Outside of fund management Christine likes to unwind by listening to music.
The fund primarily invests in stocks of companies domiciled in the Eurozone that in the opinion of fund management comply with a sustainable and responsible investment (SRI) approach. In this context, a 'best in class' selection process is applied taking into consideration sustainability criteria like: social policy, respect for human rights, corporate governance, environmental policy and ethics. These SRI criteria are taken into account in addition to traditional financial criteria. The fund?s investment objective is to attain capital growth over the long term. The fund management company charges All-In-Fee displayed as management fee.


The idea behind this article is to present you guys and girls a project that might be usefull as a basic organization architecture with lots of resources that are used on real development on Flutter, taking into consideration a more professional approach during development, mainly to work in a team environment. Therefore, it would take a simple fork and some adaptations to use it in any project. So, let's just get to the point.
In this video, you will see how to integrate google maps in your flutter application using google_maps_flutter plugin .
There's been plenty of comparing Flutter with other cross-platform mobile frameworks. But the key difference is often overlooked or downplayed.
Vim commands for Flutter, including hot-reload-on-save and more.
Chris Sells | It's All Widgets!
In this Flutter Video, we take a look at how to build a Speech to Text application. This includes setting up the plugin to pass messages back and forth between the platforms.


text:
|          |                             |
| -------- | --------------------------- |
| title    | Yarn                        |
| status   | 10                          |
| section  | Cluster Resource Management |
| keywords | Cluster Resource Management |

Yarn (Yet Another Resource Negotiator) is Apache Hadoop's cluster
management project [@www-cloudera]. It's a resource management
technology which make a pace between, the way applications use Hadoop
system resources \& node manager agents. Yarn,

> ``split up the functionalities of resource management and job
> scheduling/monitoring''.

The NodeManager watch the resource (cpu,
memory, disk,network) usage the container and report the same to
ResourceManager. Resource manager will take a decision on allocation
of resources to the applications. ApplicationMaster is a library
specific to application, which requests/negotiate resources from
ResourceManager and launch and monitoring the task with NodeManager
(s) [@www-architecture].  ResourceManager have two majors:
Scheduler and ApplicationManager. Scheduler have a task to schedule
the resources required by the application. ApplicationManger holds the
record of application who require resource. It validates (whether to
allocate the resource or not) the application's resource requirement
and ensure that no other application already have register for the
same resource requirement. Also it keeps the track of release of
resource [@www-HadoopApache].

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
CO2? Let Me Introduce You To My Little Friend: CH4 [Methane]!
by Nick Breeze
In the UK, if a person smells any gas in a building or outside, they are told to call an emergency number straight away so that an engineer can come and fix the leak and remove the danger. In the Arctic, atmospheric plumes of gas have been detected that are over 150kms across and likely to have disastrous consequences for our civilisation. We simply cannot ignore this problem; it underpins the fabric of all our lives. We must respond.
Last year I attended the EGU conference in Vienna to meet with Dr. Igor Semiletov and Dr. Natalia Shakhova and was extremely grateful to them for giving me time to discuss the issue of changing conditions in the Arctic. Increased temperatures from human caused greenhouse gas emissions are increasing the risk of methane release from thawing subsea permafrost. These two scientists make annual trips to the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), in order to gain a better understanding of what is known to be the largest hydrocarbon store in the world. The methane is trapped in the frozen clathrate deposits that has been frozen for millions of years. In this stable condition we tend to consider the methane less of a risk, however, during the course of the last decade, things have started to change.
It is important to realise that methane (CH4) is approximately 20 x more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 100yr timescale. Afterwhich it breaks down into CO2. Obviously with current atmospheric increases in emissions and the effects of warming already being felt, we do not have a 100yrs. In a shorter timescale of 20yrs, methane is estimated to be 100 x more potent as CO2 as a greenhouse gas. Baring in mind that there is currently 5 gigatonnes of methane in the atmosphere and that the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) is estimated to have between 100's and 1000's of gigatonnes trapped in the permafrost, if there is any destabilisation, supply of methane could rapidly move the world to a much hotter and dangerous state for humans and many other forms of life.
As a species humans add 35 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere each year in the form of emissions. Over the course of the last 200 years this has caused a global temperature rise of about 0.8 C. Although this seems tiny, we are only just starting to understand how sensitive the Earth is to changes in temperature. Add to this that the Arctic has been warming at around 8 times the speed of the mid latitudes and it's not hard to see why the Arctic Sea Ice has gone into an accelerated melt.
NASA Image of Melting Arctic Sea Ice
It may seem obvious that if we heat the planet up then we will melt the ice. When joining the dots on the severity of what climate change really means, it is important to grasp "feedbacks". These are the Earth's response to changes within the climate system. A general rule of thumb is that "positive feedbacks" generally are bad for us and "negative feedbacks" are not. In the case of the Arctic, it is important to understand that there are multiple feedbacks [watch this comprehensive analysis by David Wasdell, Apollo-Gaia Director for more information] that come into play when the temperature changes. The Arctic sea ice is one that has caught the world's attention because we are entering a phase where we no longer have a northern polar ice-cap. This is, in turn, setting off other positive feedbacks, one of these being the heating of the Arctic ocean as it absorbs sunlight and starts to thaw the subsea permafrost in the shallow seas of the ESAS. This is effectively removing the seal on a vast store of potent methane greenhouse gases that could take us from a steady increase in temperature to the awful sounding "runaway" global heating.
During the interview with Dr Shakhova, I was chilled when she showed me 2 charts, one with small insignificant plumes of methane from over ten years ago, contrasted with a chart from 2011 where the plumes of escaping gas from the permafrost were over a kilometre wide. Dr Shakhova also stated that in recent years all the conditions were changing making the risk of a game changing release of methane from the ESAS much more likely. Dr Shakhova even pointed out that it was likely "in decades". Dr Semiletov went further to say "anytime!".
Below are a few video clips from the interview in April 2012. I am very much looking forward to seeing the new work by Dr's Semiletov and Shakhova et al that will be released shortly, giving us a far greater understanding, and up to date view, of the state of this all important region in the Arctic.
In the meantime, the methane issue has been the focus of NASA's 'Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment' (CARVE) who have detected 150 kilometre plumes of atmospheric methane. This raises a few questions that are critical to our future civilisation:
If the Arctic Sea Ice and permafrost are degrading at 0.8C, are the IPPCC agreed "targets" of 2C really safe?
Have we underestimated Earth's sensitivity to temperature altogether and sailed blindly over into the wild waters of runaway climate catastrophe?
How much longer can we continue to release carbon emissions into the atmosphere before we lose the gift of choice in the matter and the climate shifts to a hotter state increasing sea-levels significantly, and not favouring large-scale agriculture?
For a longtime the methane issue has remained outside the larger conversation of impacts of global warming, except by reference to far off future risks. There are a handful of scientists such as Professor Peter Wadhams, Head of the Polar Institute at Cambridge University, who, based on submarine observations of the Arctic sea ice's collapse in volume, has been pointing out that a methane feedback may not be as far away as we think. Professor Wadhams has made these points in the face of angry cries of "Alarmist" from UK politicians with financial interests in the hydrocarbon industry.
The work of scientists including the Russians, Wadhams and NASA's CARVE team now means we can no longer ignore the risk of methane as part of the Earth's complex system of feedbacks to temperature change. It also is very likely that at 2C the world will not be the beautifully hospitable place that it has been for humans for so long. It is very likely that we are close to that "tipping point" of no return where global heating goes into a runaway phase and we lose our only life support system. I sincerely hope this isn't the case but we have to acknowledge the risk if we are to react appropriately.
In order to answer the third question posited above, we have to comprehend the enormity of the task of transitioning away from fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas). To say it cannot be done is to kiss the world, as we know it, goodbye. It can be done but it will take the will of all of us together, starting with citizens around the world, to politicians and those in the hydrocarbon business themselves. Whilst in Vienna in 2012, I also interviewed Dr James Hansen, one of the most outspoken climate scientists alive today and former Head of The Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York. You can watch a video clip at http://vimeo.com/71179724 on what Hansen proposes as a way to curb emissions and start turning the tide on our collective response to global heating.
So how do we respond? It is clear that we need to make changes at a societal level. Never forget that each and everyone of us is a part of society and, as such, we have influence. The action we need to take is tied in with our attitude to the problems we face. The hydrocarbon industries lobby our governments and institutions to make sure their needs are not ignored. This is for one reason alone: profit. Societal reliance on this form of energy is no longer necessary. We should be transitioning away from hydrocarbon fuels. We can't because these powerful companies are tucked tight inside the framework of our civilisation. There is no doubt that as such, we are entering a phase of willful self-destruction. The only thing that can stop it is us. A good example of this institutional integration is the Royal Geographic Society where Shell's logos feature prominently and they even have their own page on the society's web site aligning themselves with our respected institutions, paying lip service to our future concerns. This is disgusting. We should treat hydrocarbon companies as we did the tobacco industries once it was proven how harmful tobacco is to our health. These companies project the use of oil and gas way into the middle of the century. Don't believe it. On this course, we will end up clinging to an inhospitable planet, barely recognisable as it is today. Take action.
The first and most effective thing you can do is contact your local elected representative and tell them straight. I sent the following email to my own Member of Parliament, Mary McCleod MP and waiting patiently for a reply. It is critical to remember that they have our future in their hands but we have their vote. Let's use it!
Dear ____,
As a citizen concerned with the unnecessary proven damage being done to our environment, I am writing with the following conditions that will have to be met if you are to have my vote at the next election:
Remove all links to hydrocarbon companies that currently exist within public institutions
Ban hydrocarbon company advertising
Introduce a fair tax on carbon that will level the playing field for renewable energy sources and force the hydrocarbon industries to clean up their act
Implement a framework for a transition to renewable energy immediately
As you represent me on a local and national level I will be listening with interest to all representations you make to government on my behalf. I am also keen to hear your response and will be sharing it with friends and family.
A note on climate fixes such as 'Climate Engineering' (aka geoengineering): I have not mentioned proposed climate engineering proposals in this post as we are currently working on an in depth look at several projects that are already in progress. Climate engineering raises many scientific, political and ethical issues and to many people the idea that man can engineer Earth's climate is a crazy and hubristic fantasy. No matter what we think, it is important that we are all cognisant of the arguments being put forward. We will be interviewing leading commentators and authorities, not just from the climate and engineering backgrounds but also from ethical and philosophical disciplines to help form a view of this controversial subject. The worst case scenario is that we ignore the subject altogether and the decision to engineer climate falls into the hands of a foreign international power willing to gamble the fate of billions, or, a wealthy individual who can afford to take an equal gamble and become what Clive Hamilton has titled his recent book, an 'Earthmaster'. Groups such as the Arctic Methane Emergency Group have been calling for climate engineering to be deployed immediately to cool the Arctic and prevent the runaway heating that climate scientists most fear. The argument for both sides is compelling and the more we shy away from zero carbon emissions the more climate engineering solutions start to look like a relatively cheap alternative. It is time for us all to be part of this critical discussion.
This post was originally posted at:
http://envisionation.co.uk/index.php/blogs/72-co2-let-me-introduce-you-to-my-little-friend-ch4-methane
Labels: ESAS, hydrates, James Hansen, methane, Natalia Shakhova, Nick Breeze
Arctic Cyclone July 2013
A cyclone is raging over Arctic.
Above satellite image is from weather.gc.ca with further images added in the video below (July 25-27, 2013). To see the video in a larger size, go to https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/YgoHBAMw_Mc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgoHBAMw_Mc
Below, a Naval Research Laboratory animation showing ice speed and drift over 30 days.
The impact of the cyclone is also clearly visible on the Naval Research Laboratory ice concentration animation below.
- The Great Arctic Flush - by Paul Beckwith
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2013/07/the-great-arctic-flush.html
Posted by Sam Carana at 1:37 AM 1 comment:
Labels: Arctic, cyclone, Paul Beckwith, satellite, video
Methane and the risk of runaway global warming
By Andrew Glikson
A satellite picture reveals permafrost melting around Liverpool Bay in Canada's northwest territories. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Research was published this week showing the financial cost of methane being released from Earth's permafrosts. But the risks go beyond financial – Earth's history shows that releasing these stores could set off a series of events with calamitous consequences.
The sediments and bottom water beneath the world's shallow oceans and lakes contain vast amounts of greenhouse gases: methane hydrates and methane clathrates (see Figure 1). In particular methane is concentrated in Arctic permafrost where the accumulation of organic matter in frozen soils covers about 24% of northern hemisphere continents (see Figure 2a) and is estimated to contain more than 900 billion tons of carbon.
Methane, a greenhouse gas more than 30 times more potent than CO2, is released from previously frozen soils when organic matter thaws and decomposes under anaerobic conditions (that is, without oxygen present).
Most of the current permafrost formed during or since the last ice age and can extend down to depths of more than 700 meters in parts of northern Siberia and Canada. Thawing of part of the permafrost has not yet been accounted for in climate projections.
The Siberian permafrost is in particular danger. A large region called the Yedoma could undergo runaway decomposition once it starts to melt. This is because elevated temperatures cause microbes in the soil to decompose, which causes heat, which creates a self-amplifying process.
Figure 1: Global distribution of methane hydrate deposits on the ocean floor. Naval Research Laboratory
Palaeoclimate studies of stalagmite cave deposits across Siberia indicate they grew faster during the warm periods 424,000 and 374,000 years ago, due to permafrost melt. At that time, mean global temperatures rose by approximately 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial temperatures. Thus Vaks et al state: "Growth at that time indicates that global climates only slightly warmer than today are sufficient to thaw extensive regions of permafrost."
Evidence of melting of permafrost has also been reported from the dry valleys of Antarctica, where development of thermokarst (small surface hummocks formed as ice-rich permafrost thaws) has been reported, reaching a rate about 10 times that of the last ~10,000 years.
The mean temperature of the continents has already increased by about 1.5C. With sulphur aerosols masking some of the warming, the real figure may be closer to 2C.
Figure 2a: Vulnerable carbon sinks. CSIRO Global Carbon Project
Figure 2b: Global average abundances of
carbon dioxide and methane 1978-2011
Arctic air temperatures are expected to increase at roughly twice the global rate. A global temperature increase of 3C means a 6C rise in the Arctic, resulting in an irreversible loss of anywhere between 30 to 85% of near-surface permafrost. According to the United Nations, warming permafrost could emit 43 to 135 billion ton CO2 (GtCO2) equivalent by 2100, and 246 to 415 GtCO2 by 2200.
The geologically unprecedented rate of CO2 rise (~2.75 ppm/year during June 2012-2013) may result in faster permafrost collapse.
Already measurements along the Siberian shelf uncover enhanced methane release. In 2010 a Russian marine survey conducted more than 5000 observations of dissolved methane showing that more than 80% of East Siberian shelf bottom waters and more than 50% of surface waters are supersaturated with methane. Atmospheric methane levels (during glacial periods: 300–400 parts per billion; during interglacial periods: 600–700 ppb) have recently reached 1850 ppb – the highest in 400,000 years (see Figure 2b).
Hansen et al estimate that the rise of CO2 forcing between 1750 and 2007 has already committed the atmosphere to between +2 and +3 degrees Celsius, currently mitigated in part by sulphur aerosols.
Figure 3: Change in average annual land surface temperature since 1750. Berkeley Temperatures
Hansen refers to the "Venus Syndrome", drawing an analogy between the enrichment of Venus' atmosphere in CO2 (its atmosphere is 96.5% CO2 and its surface temperature is 462C) and potential terrestrial runaway greenhouse effects. This needs to be placed in context.
On Earth, weathering processes and oceans draw down the bulk of atmospheric CO2 to be deposited as carbonates. It's therefore impossible for Earth to develop Venus-like conditions. But the onset of a hyperthermal – a huge release of carbon such as happened during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum 55 million years ago, with an attendant mass extinction of species – is possible.
Figure 4. Estimates of fossil fuel resources and equivalent atmospheric CO2 levels, including (1) emissions to date; (2) estimated reserves, and (3) recoverable resources (1 ppm CO2 ~ 2.12 GtC). Hansen, 2012, figure 1; http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2012/20120127_CowardsPart1.pdf
Extraction and combustion of the current fossil fuel reserves (more than 20,000 billion tonnes of carbon – Figure 4) would inevitably lead to a hyperthermal commensurate with or exceeding the PETM. If that happens, CO2 would rise to above 500ppm (see figure 4), temperature would rise by about 5C (figure 5) and the polar ice sheets would melt – it's a future we could face if emissions continue to accelerate.
Figure 5: Growth in CO2 and CO2 equivalent (CO2+CH4) during the Pleistocene and the Holocene. IPCC AR4
Not that the above features too much in the Australian elections, where the reality of climate change has been replaced with pseudoscience notions, including by some who have not consulted basic climate science text books, and by hip-pocket-nerve terms such as "carbon tax", "emission trading scheme" or "direct action". The proposed 5% reduction in emissions relative to the year 2000 represent no more than climate window dressing.
Nor are coal exports mentioned too often, despite current exports and planned future exports, which represent carbon emissions tracking toward an order of magnitude higher than local emissions.
According to Dr Adam Lucas of the Science and Technology Studies Program at University of Wollongong, Australia (with ~0.3% of the global population) currently contributes domestic emissions of about 1.8% of global emissions. The total domestic and overseas consumption of Australian coal is responsible for more than 2% of global emissions. Plans to triple or even quadruple coal export volumes over the next 10 years would raise Australia's total contribution to global GHG emissions to toward 9% to 11% by 2020 – an order of magnitude commensurate with that of Middle East oil.
Which places the "Great moral challenge of our generation" in perspective.
Andrew Glikson does not work for, consult to, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has no relevant affiliations.
This article was earlier published at The Conversation.
Labels: Andrew Glikson, methane, permafrost, runaway global warming
Warm water keeps flowing into the Kara Sea
The image below, from methanetracker.org, shows methane levels at 1950 and higher in yellow, for the period of July 17 to July 23, 2013.
The temperature map below, for July 26, 2013, from Wunderground, shows that high temperatures are still prominent in Russia, at much the same location where most of the methane in above image shows up.
High temperatures warm up the water flowing into the Kara Sea, as shown on the image below for July 26, 2013, from the Danish Meteorological Institute.
Labels: flow, heat, Kara Sea, methane, rivers, temperature, water
Arctic Methane Release: "Economic Time Bomb"
On March 19, 2013, a number of experts came together for an Ecorys.com workshop, as part of a
Peter Wadhams Sc.D., Prof. of Ocean
Physics and head of the Polar Ocean
Physics group, Cambridge University.
study examining the impact of a 50-Gt release of methane from the melting permafrost at the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) over different time periods, ranging from one to five decades.
Back in 2008, a study by Natalia Shakhova et al. considered release of up to 50 Gt of predicted amount of hydrate storage as highly possible for abrupt release at any time.
In order to estimate the cost of such a release, this new study used a more recent version of the model used in the renowned Stern Report. Findings of the study are published in the journal Nature. The conclusion is that such a release from the ESAS alone comes - in the absence of mitigating action - with a price tag of $60 trillion. By comparison, the size of the world economy in 2012 was about $70 trillion.
Such a methane pulse will "bring forward 15–35 years the average date at which the global mean temperature rise exceeds 2°C above pre-industrial levels", says the paper.
"The economic consequences will be distributed around the globe, but the modelling shows that about 80% of them will occur in the poorer economies of Africa, Asia and South America. The extra methane magnifies flooding of low-lying areas, extreme heat stress, droughts and storms."
"The total cost of Arctic change will be much higher," says the paper. To find out the actual cost, more feedbacks should be incorporated in the model, such as linking the extent of Arctic ice to increases in Arctic mean temperature. The full impacts of a warming Arctic include, for example, ocean acidification and altered ocean and atmospheric circulation. "Midlatitude economies such as those in Europe and the United States could be threatened, for example, by a suggested link between sea-ice retreat and the strength and position of the jet stream, bringing extreme winter and spring weather. Unusual positioning of the jet stream over the Atlantic is thought to have caused this year's protracted cold spell in Europe."
Experts attending the workshop include:
Peter Wadhams, Head of the Polar Ocean Physics Group at Univeristy of Cambridge.
Chris Hope, reader in policy modelling at Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, and creator of the PAGE-models used for the Stern-report
Carl Koopmans, Professor of Infrastructure and Economics, VU University, Amsterdam
Henri de Groot, professor in Regional Economic Dynamics, VU University, Amsterdam
Marcel Canoy, Professor at the School of Economics and Management, University of Tilburg
Gail Whiteman, Professor of sustainability, management and climate change at the Department of Business-Society Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam
Comments & Responses
Meanwhile [July 27, ed.], the piece in Nature has received wide news coverage, including a critique by Jason Samenow in the Washington Post. Peter Wadhams responds to some of the comments as follows:
Peter Wadhams: The 25 July post by Jason Samenow on the global economic impacts of methane emissions in the East Siberian Sea portrays the findings of our research as misleading, a statement with which I strongly disagree. Our work is based on a prediction of the magnitude and timing of methane emissions from the thawing of Arctic offshore permafrost by a scientist who has done extensive field work on this part of the ocean bed and is a globally recognized expert. We calculated the financial implications of these emissions for the world economy over a century and also considered the effect of the emissions on increasing overall global warming, obtaining a 0.6C figure by 2040. We rightly consider these to be substantial figures, which deserve wide circulation among climate scientists, and Nature and its referees agreed with us.
In our analysis we showed that the overall cost of a given volume of methane release is relatively insensitive to the rate of release or, within limits, its timing, BUT that the cost is roughly proportional to the overall volume of release. Thus, even if you worked with a different projection by a lesser qualified scientist than Shakhova, and revised down the figure and scale of the 60 trillion dollars accordingly, I suspect the cost will still be substantial – and that is one clear finding: The planetary cost of Arctic warming far outstrips any possible benefits to shipping or natural resource exploration.
In support of its skepticism about methane emissions the article quoted authors who wrote before the enormous retreat of summer Arctic sea ice and its oceanographic effects became so evident. The mechanism which is causing the observed mass of rising methane plumes in the East Siberian Sea is itself unprecedented and the scientists who dismissed the idea of extensive methane release in earlier research were simply not aware of the new mechanism that is causing it.
What is happening is that the summer sea ice now retreats so far, and for so long each summer, that there is a substantial ice-free season over the Siberian shelf, sufficient for solar irradiance to warm the surface water by a significant amount – up to 7C according to satellite data. That warming extends the 50 m or so to the seabed because we are dealing with only a polar surface water layer here (over the shelves the Arctic Ocean structure is one-layer rather than three layers) and the surface warming is mixed down by wave-induced mixing because the extensive open water permits large fetches. So long as some ice persisted on the shelf, the water mass was held to about 0C in summer because any further heat content in the water column was used for melting the ice underside. But once the ice disappears, as it has done, the temperature of the water can rise significantly, and the heat content reaching the seabed can melt the frozen sediments at a rate that was never before possible.
The 2008 US Climate Change Science Program report needs to be seen in this context. Equally, David Archer's 2010 comment that "so far no one has seen or proposed a mechanism to make that (a catastrophic methane release) happen" was not informed by the Semiletov/Shakhova field experiments and the mechanism described above. Carolyn Rupple's review of 2011 equally does not reflect awareness of this new mechanism.
Therefore I robustly defend our research and commentary, and hope that rather than dismiss the substantial risk such a methane release poses, the response might be to support more intensive research on this problem.
This is what Nathan Currier said in a comment at the Washington Post:
Nathan Currier: Earlier this year, a small piece of rock exploded over Russia, breaking some windows and causing minor injuries, yet shortly thereafter, a congressional panel was convened here in Washington, DC on the risks of significant asteroid impacts, and the panel, after being told they were about 1/20,000 for the year, was also told by the experts that billions will need to be spent to prevent a "possible catastrophe". John Holdren, President Obama's chief science advisor, commented, "The odds of a near-Earth object strike causing massive casualties and destruction of infrastructure are very small, but the potential consequences of such an event are so large it makes sense to takes the risk seriously." Holdren was right: in assessing a risk, it is a product of the probability and the magnitude that counts in the end.
Nothing we do alters the risk of asteroid impacts, but our activities are profoundly altering the risks of unleashing powerful arctic carbon feedbacks. Like night and day with warming, where we don't tend to notice that nighttime temperatures are increasing more rapidly than daytime ones, the scientific community's assessments of risks tend to focus on those things which, by being more continuous, can have the daylight of quantitative analysis shone upon them more easily. But there is no question that the risks in the arctic that are rising most rapidly are the "nighttime" ones of abrupt changes. That is because there is already a 100% chance of increases in chronic emissions. Somewhat like larger and larger rocks hitting the earth, the risks of larger and larger methane pulses are certainly progressively smaller, but the important point here is that if we were to say conjecturally that in 1970 the risks of a 50Gt release might have been like the "city-killer" asteroid at 1/20,000, these risks now might have decreased by an order of magnitude. It is still not likely to happen now, with, let us speculate, a 1/2,000 risk, but because of the magnitude, as Holdren says, you should take this very seriously. Far more seriously, I might add, than a meteor striking the earth. Meanwhile, the leaked draft of the IPCC AR5 suggests that all arctic carbon feedbacks will be largely ignored in the report, even those that are more or less certain.
I would add that articles like this, characterizing the Nature commentary as "mischief" and "hype," contribute to climate illiteracy in their own way, full of mischief without coming from a denialist perspective. There are too many errors here to elaborate them all. First, it makes a complete red herring of methane hydrate, quoting Ruppel on hydrate stability, etc. Let it be noted: 50Gt of methane is only about 2% of estimated Eastern Siberian Shelf (ESS) total carbon, and would only be 7% of the free gas reservoir that lies under the hydrate layer. There are many possible gas migration pathways for methane excursions, from pingo-like structures, fissures, the taliks appearing more and more throughout the permafrost layer, slope failure, sediment or mudslides around the Lena delta, an endogenous seismic event along the Gakkel ridge, etc. Thus, hydrate is really not even needed for a methane catastrophe scenario at the ESS. None of the quotes, moreover, about hydrate distinguish between the exceptional situation at the ESS of very shallow waters and the hydrates elsewhere around the world, which are indeed mostly quite secure.
Despite this, Hansen considers methane hydrate one of the three main coming tipping points in the climate system. The article quotes David Archer, a clear outlier on this issue, in that he doesn't even believe the PETM warming (55 million years ago) was caused by methane hydrate release, which is the dominant paleoclimate theory, based on isotopic evidence. Meanwhile, it also quotes a paper claiming that there is no evidence for any major hydrate release at all over the last 100,000 years, clearly not something that Archer would agree with, as he himself has written an authoritative paper on the methane hydrate release of the Storrega landslide event (~8000 years ago).
At the group 1250 (1250now.org), we are focusing now on precisely the opposite, the subtler changes in surface-produced methane that are likely with further loss of sea ice, but it is shocking to see a response like this one to an issue of obvious importance.
To close, no one doubts that a 50Gt release of methane is "unlikely" right now if you consider 1/2,000, let's say, unlikely. But as the thermal signal of anthropogenic warming propagates into the sediment below such shallow waters as at the ESS, and given that the ocean currents are not the same now as they have been during the paleoclimatic past, such that paleoclimate cannot ultimately be used to constrain and quantify the actual risk, it is clear that the risks, unlike those of asteroids, are growing.
But that was clearly NOT the point of the Nature commentary. The point of the commentary was to note that the impact would be very, very big. So, to go back to Holdren, it should be taken very seriously.
Also noteworthy is what Nathan Currier said in response to comments by Gavin Schmidt, quoted in the New York Times:
Gavin Schmidt: Threshold releases even 1/10 as large as postulated would be clear in ice cores. There is nothing there. In more recent past, there have been a number of times when Arctic (not necessarily globe) has been significantly warmer than today. Most recently, Early Holocene, which had significantly less summer sea ice than even 2012. Earlier, Eemian 125kyrs ago was significantly warmer.
Nathan Currier: I find Gavin Schmidt's points here very thin. Let's review them:
First, clearly no one is suggesting that during the 800,000 year period covered by ice cores there has been any such release. Further, David Archer, quoted in Revkin's piece and a leading authority on such issues, has specifically discussed the possibility in a peer-reviewed paper (Archer, 2007) of fern diffusion allowing a Gt-scale release to escape detection in ice cores.
The problem with this argument, made repeatedly when this same issue erupted over a year ago, is that it is looking weaker than it did just a year ago: for example, we are learning that certain key ocean currents were significantly different during the Eemian than they are today – see http://phys.org/news/2012-06-climate-cold-arctic-eemian.html. And what counts in this argument is what the sea bottom conditions are, of course, not just the surface conditions. Schmidt is right that at times it was much warmer than today in the arctic, possibly 8C warmer, as we have seen from the Lake E work, but he forgets himself, and points to the early Holocene, although the area in question was a frozen piece of land at that time, not an underwater shelf, so that is purely irrelevant, as it took almost 4,000 years before the area in question became inundated.
But risks are growing significantly in the arctic by the year, and a 5Gt release, which would double the atmospheric burden, would result from less than 1% - about .7% - of estimated ESAS free gas below the hydrate layer being released, without any hydrate needing to be involved, which some kind of endogenous seismic event could conceivably set off, perhaps a sediment pile mud slide around the Lena mouth, for example. The point of the paper, lost in all of this, was just to say, this would cost us about $6 trillion.
The worst moment of Schmidt's points, one which really merits censure, is to refer to all the research being done in the area (he clearly means Shakhova and Semiletov here) as "one off surveys." Note that he isn't even asking for better research to be done there, either. I personally find that quite unfortunate, even a bit embarrassing for someone who has built up a sterling reputation.
He (Schmidt) is certainly right that there is no recent example of CH4 being higher than the pre-industrial baseline, and that includes the "super-interglacials" from Lake E bores, but it is incredibly unwise to jump to the claim from that that we are not near dramatic releases without offering any evidence at all.
It is far better to go by the best peer-reviewed research about contemporary conditions on the ground than to speculate about the few generalities we can draw from the sketch of climates past we have put together for the last few million years, as valuable as that sketch is. There was at no time during that period anything like the 400ppm of CO2 in the atmosphere now, nor the many other GHGs levels we have boosted, nor the things that have no natural analogue like the CFCs, nor is there any analogue for the rate of change we have experienced, and so the sea level's relationship to the atmospheric conditions has no analogue either, and we are also learning at the same time just how sensitive and variable key arctic ocean currents might be in this region.
All that said, Schmidt acknowledges that "potential for Arctic CH4 to have threshold behavior is real," and I should also acknowledge that I agree that the 50Gt scenario is not likely at this time.
Let's also add a quote from an earlier post:
Sam Carana: Analysis of sediment cores collected in 2009 from under ice-covered Lake El'gygytgyn in the northeast Russian Arctic suggest that, last time the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was about as high as it is today (roughly 3.5 to 2 million years ago), regional precipitation was three times higher and summer temperatures were about 15 to 16°C (59 to 61°F), or about 8°C (14.4°F) warmer than today.
As temperatures rose back in history, it is likely that a lot of methane will have vented from hydrates in the Arctic, yet without causing runaway warming. Why not? The rise in temperature then is likely to have taken place slowly over many years. While on occasion this may have caused large abrupt releases of methane, the additional methane from such releases could each time be broken down within decades, also because global methane levels in the atmosphere were much lower than today.
In conclusion, the situation today is much more threatening, particularly in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), as further described in other posts at the methane hydrates blog.
Also note the comments by Veli Albert Kallio, in an earlier post:
Albert Kallio: The problem with ice cores is that if there is too sudden methane surge, then the climate warms very rapidly. This then results the glacier surfaces melting away and the ice core begins to loose regressively surface data if there is too much methane in the air.
Because of this, there has been previous occurrences of high methane, and these were instrumental to bring the ice ages ice sheets to end (Euan Nisbet's Royal Society paper). The key to this is to look at some key anomalies and devise the right experiments to test the hypothesis for methane eruptions as the period to ice ages.
Thus, the current methane melting and 1800 ppm rise is nothing new except that there are no huge Pleistocene glaciers to cool the Arctic Ocean if methane goes to overdrive this time. In fact methane may have been many times higher than that but all surface ice kept melting away and staying regressive until cold water and ice from destabilised ice sheets stopped the supply of methane (it decays fast if supply is cut and temperatures fall back rapidly when seas rose).
The Laurentide Ice Sheet alone was equivalent of 25 Greenland Ice Sheets and the Weischelian and other sheets on top of that. So, the glaciers do not act the same way as fireman to extinguish methane. Runaway global warming is now possibility if the Arctic loses its methane holding capability due to warming.
Let's conclude the debate on the following note:
Sam Carana: Uncertainty does NOT constitute a valid argument to dismiss warnings about large abrupt methane releases in the Arctic. Instead, uncertainty calls for further research and for comprehensive and effective action, especially since so much is at stake and the dangers are getting larger each time the necessary action is delayed.
- Vast costs of Arctic change, in Nature, vol 499, pp 401-403, July 25, 2013
by Gail Whiteman, Chris Hope and Peter Wadhams
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v499/n7459/full/499401a.html
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v499/n7459/pdf/499401a.pdf
- Ecorys studies economic valuation of climatic change impacts in the Arctic region
http://www.ecorys.com/news/ecorys-studies-economic-valuation-climatic-change-impacts-arctic-region
- Arctic time-bomb warning
in: Cambridge News, by Jennie Baker
http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/Education/Universities/Arctic-time-bomb-warning-20130724123026.htm
- Anomalies of methane in the atmosphere over the East Siberian shelf: Is there any sign of methane leakage from shallow shelf hydrates?
N. Shakhova, I. Semiletov, A. Salyuk, D. Kosmach
http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/01526/EGU2008-A-01526.pdf
- Arctic methane release is an 'economic time bomb' - study
by Nafeez Ahmed
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/earth-insight/2013/jul/24/arctic-melt-methane-economy-time-bomb
- Ice-free Arctic in two years heralds methane catastrophe – scientist
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/earth-insight/2013/jul/24/arctic-ice-free-methane-economy-catastrophe
- How much will temperatures rise?
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/how-much-will-temperatures-rise.html
- Runaway Global Warming
http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2012/07/runaway-global-warming.html
Posted by Sam Carana at 12:49 AM 1 comment:
Labels: Arctic, cost, economic, ESAS, impact, methane, Peter Wadhams
Open Water at North Pole
Images from the North Pole Environmental Observatory are now showing large areas with open water at the North Pole. The image below is from Webcam 2, dated July 22, 2013.
Furthermore, the number of spots with methane readings of over 1950 ppb appears to be rising. See related posts below to compare. Particularly worrying are the large number of spots over the Kara Sea. Also note the spot over Greenland in the top-left corner of the image below.
The webcam shows water at the North Pole. Clearly, there still is some ice underneath the water, as is evident from the stakes that have been put into the ice to indicate the depth of surface water.
Surface water can build up as a result of melting as well as due to rain.
As the image on the right shows, the ice is getting very thin. In between the North Pole and Siberia, a wide corridor has developed where the ice is between zero and one meters thick.
Surface water could extend over this corridor, all the way to edge of the ice, in which case it effectively becomes part of open water.
The presence of water in areas close to the North Pole has been discussed in a number of earlier posts, such as this one.
The image below, from the Danish Meteorological Institute, gives some idea of the extent of the sea surface temperature anomalies that have been particularly prominent in the Kara Sea for some time.
Meanwhile, more water has appeared around Webcam2. Below are four later images, the top two images captured on July 24, 2013, the third one captured on July 25, 2013, while the bottom one was captured on July 26, 2013.
Note that the buoy associated with Webcam2, while originally positioned at the North Pole, has meanwhile moved away substantially from that location, as indicated by the image below, from http://imb.crrel.usace.army.mil/
Ice thickness image run July 26, valid July 27, 2013
for scale, see image further above. Buoy data up to July 28, 2013, buoy position: 84.87 N, 4.29 W.
On the animation above right, the track is shown against a sea ice thickness map, showing sea ice at webcam2's current position that is two meters thick.
So, while satellite images may indicate that the sea ice is still several meters thick in many locations, huge amounts of surface water may be present on top. The albedo of water is far lower than ice, so less sunlight is reflected back into space and a lot more heat is absorbed by the water, further accelerating the sea ice melt. This spells bad news for the remaining sea ice, since the melting season still has quite a bit of time to go.
Let's end with a video uploaded at youtube by climatecentral.org covering the period from April 16 to July 25, 2013.
- Open Water In Areas Around North Pole (posted June 22, 2013)
- Watching methane over Arctic Ocean (posted July 20, 2013)
- Heat, Fires and Methane (posted July 20, 2013)
- High methane readings over Kara Sea (posted July 18, 2013)
- Methanetracker (posted July 9, 2013)
Labels: Arctic, Kara Sea, methane, North Pole, open water, sea ice
The Great Arctic Flush
By Paul Beckwith
A massive cyclone is forecast to develop in the Arctic, as shown on the image below, from the Naval Research Laboratory.
Within 2 weeks the Arctic Ocean will be completely transformed. The cyclone that appears 6 days out on both the US and European ten day forecasts will massacre the sea ice in what I call "The Great Arctic flush".
The image below is a forecast for Arctic sea ice speed and drift on July 27, 2013. More images, including animations, on Arctic sea ice can be viewed at http://www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/hycomARC/arctic.html
Last August, a massive cyclone formed over the Arctic Ocean and destroyed 800,000 square km of ice in about a week. The predicted cyclone looks to be as strong as the one in early August, 2012. Problem is, the ice is much weaker, thinner and fractured this year; including all the ice just north of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago that is 4 or 5 meters thick; this ice is mobile, broken, fractured ice piled up into ridges; it is not multiyear ice (MYI) at all.
Above image, from the Naval Research Laboratory is a prediction of ice speed and drift a week from now, showing the motion of the ice, the darker and redder the faster, the ice is being set in motion by the cyclone above. Since the Coriolis force flings things to the right, the ice is all sent to the outside of the rotation, into the warmer surrounding water as well as the Atlantic Ocean. The storm surge of a foot or two over the entire basin (highest near the cyclone eye) will draw in warm water from the Pacific via the Bering Strait and from the Atlantic via the Fram Strait. It will also mix the fresh water on the surface from melting ice with warmer saltier water from below. It will also generate lots of churning and grinding of the ice and waves several meters high. Warm and smoky air that is filled with ash and black carbon from burning fires in the far north will drop the albedo of the ice and increase the solar absorption.
When I forecast zero sea ice at the end of the melt season this summer, I fully expected at least one or more of these massive cyclonic storms. Last year it occurred in early August, and lasted for about 8 days. In the rest of the melt season last year no other huge cyclone developed, although several small ones did. Perhaps the cyclone disturbed the ocean conditions enough to prevent subsequent ones occurring. We shall see this year...
edited screenshot from animation at weather-forecast.com
Paul Beckwith is a part-time professor with the laboratory for paleoclimatology and climatology, department of geography, University of Ottawa. He teaches second year climatology/meteorology. His PhD research topic is "Abrupt climate change in the past and present." He holds an M.Sc. in laser physics and a B.Eng. in engineering physics and reached the rank of chess master in a previous life.
Posted by Sam Carana at 7:14 PM 5 comments:
Labels: Arctic, cyclone, drift, sea ice, speed, storm, wind
Watching methane over Arctic Ocean
Above image, from Wunderground.com, shows high temperatures close to the Kara Sea, where methane readings over 1950 have been recorded for some time now (see earlier posts here and here).
The image below, from Foreca and kindly provided by Albert Kallio, shows that temperatures on parts of Kara Sea and surrounding coast hit 40 degrees Celsius (or 100°F) on July 20, 2013.
The image below, also from Foreca, shows the situation on July 21, 2013, at 1:00 pm.
The NOAA image below shows sea surface temperature anomalies for July 18, 2013.
The animation below shows methane readings for July 19, 2013. High readings over the Kara Sea persist, not surprisingly, while there's a worrying spot of methane over the East Siberian Sea and there are a number of high readings showing up over Greenland. The animation below is a 3.1 MB file, so it may take some time for it to fully load.
Posted by Sam Carana at 3:41 PM No comments:
Labels: Arctic, Arctic Ocean, methane, sea ice, temperatures
Heat, Fires and Methane
Here are two more images looking at links between high temperatures, fires and methane.
In conclusion, rising temperatures increase the risk of fire and of methane releases. Let's act on global warming, preferably with a comprehensive and effective plan as at http://climateplan.blogspot.com
Labels: Arctic, fire, global, methane, temperature, warming, wildfires
Arctic Ocean Events - Videos by Paul Beckwith
Massive Arctic cyclone effect on sea ice in August 2012
Part 1: August 1st to 16th, 2012
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nli47-9dT5o
Arctic sea ice motion (speed and direction) is compared to sea ice thickness from August 1st to August 16th, 2012. Sea ice motion is then compared to meteorology (500 mb pressure heights and 200 mb vector winds).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqwIVEpSg3w
Northern hemisphere meteorology (500mb pressure heights) and Arctic sea ice concentration compared to SST (sea surface temperatures) are examined from August 1st to August 16th, 2012 encompassing the mass persistent cyclone.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjYxRV0fzz4
Arctic basin SSS (sea surface salinity) is compared to SSH (sea surface height) during the period August 1st to August 16th, 2012 which encompassed a massive persistent cyclone. Detailed meteorology is also examined (tropopause temperature + pressure, surface precipitable water + pressure). Also examined is ocean profile salinity and temperature from an ice tethered buoy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAJRIV8YITY
The jet streams in the Arctic ocean basin are shown (200mb vector winds) from NOAA/ESRL daily data, as well as from 4 times daily data from SFSU. The data is given from August 1st to August 16th, 2012 which encompasses the massive Arctic cyclone.
Arctic sea ice thickness + motion
May 14th to June 10th, 2013
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ljHI0VITgk
Arctic sea ice data from May 14 to June 10, 2013
Left pane shows Arctic sea ice thickness; right pane shows sea ice motion (direction and speed).
July 1st to 17th 2013
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUZr51_yW5s
Arctic sea ice data from July 1st to July 17th, 2013. Left pane shows the Arctic sea ice thickness; right pane shows sea ice motion (direction and speed).
Sea ice concentration, temperature, salinity, and height;
July 1st to 18th, 2013
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icUtGqpkFx8
Arctic ocean data from US Navy for
1) sea ice concentration,
2) sea surface temperature (SST),
3) sea surface salinity (SSS), and
4) sea surface height (SSH)
Jet streams
July 1st to July 17th 2013
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFbJCFVSiPI
Northern hemisphere (NH) jet streams are shown from two sources:
1) NOAA/ESRL data collected daily, and
2) SFSU data collect every 6 hours. Data is given for the time period from July 1st to July 17th, 2013.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LONJT8JbM7I
The following meteorology plots are shown for time period July 1st to July 18th, 2013 over the Arctic Ocean between 60 degrees N and 90 degrees N:
1) 500mb pressure levels,
2) 200mb vector winds (jet streams),
3) precipitable water, and
4) tropopause temperatures.
Posted by Sam Carana at 9:26 PM 1 comment:
Labels: Arctic Ocean, concentration, cyclone, drift, events, jet stream, meteorology, motion, Paul Beckwith, pressure, salinity, sea ice, speed, temperature, thickness, video, wind
High methane readings over Kara Sea
Arctic sea ice extent 2013 (brown line on NSIDC-image below) is more and more following the same path it did last year (dashed line), when extent reached a record minimum, and in 2007 (blue line), the previous record minimum.
Even more worryingly, sea ice is very thin, as the Naval Research Laboratory animation below shows; large areas with a thickness of 1 meter to zero persist close to the North Pole, as discussed in an earlier post; the image below, from the North Pole Environmental Observatory shows lots of water and that it's raining at the North Pole.
The above animation also shows the retreat of sea ice from the Kara Sea, north of Siberia, over the past 30 days.
As can be expected, high sea surface temperature anomalies show up in areas where the sea ice has retreated, as shown by the DMI image below.
Most worryingly, high methane readings appear over the Kara Sea, as shown on the image below.
Labels: Arctic, IASI, Kara Sea, methane
Comprehensive and Effective Climate Plan
President Obama's Climate Action Plan doesn't look much like a shift to genuinely clean energy. As discussed in a recent post by Peter Carter, the President's Plan sadly supports fossil fuel in many ways.
The plan supports natural gas very prominently. Indeed, how clean is natural gas? Years ago, a Cornell University study (image below) concluded that emissions caused by natural gas can be even worse than coal and diesel oil, especially when looked at over a relatively short period.
At the time, I wrote that this kind of support for natural gas - as if that was supposedly "clean energy" - would only perpetuate the government's support for fuel, while doing little or nothing to help genuinely clean energy. Moreover, continued support for fossil fuel comes at the expensive of growth in genuinely clean energy that we need instead.
EIA figures also show that, over the period from 1990 to 2010, the average amount of carbon dioxide produced in the United States for each unit of energy generated has remained much the same as the world average, while the situation in China has grown even worse.
IEA figures further show that the world's energy-related carbon dioxide emissions continue to rise rapidly and that they, for the period 1900 - 2012, add up to a staggering amount of 1257 Gt.
As the image below shows, from a recent IEA report, the carbon intensity of global energy has hardly improved over the decades.
The colored lines on the right correspond with scenarios in which global temperatures are projected to increase by, respectively, 6 degrees Celsius, 4 degrees Celsius and 2 degrees Celsius.
What are the chances that it will be possible to avoid the worst-case scenario? The IEA elaborates that an extension of current trends would result in an average global temperature rise of at least 6 degrees Celsius in the long term. To have an 80% chance of limiting the average global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions need to be cut by more than half in 2050 compared with 2009. They would need to continue to fall thereafter.
While the IEA adds that the goal of limiting the average global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius can only be achieved if greenhouse gas emissions in non-energy sectors are also reduced, the IEA does not elaborate on what further action will be needed and whether emission reductions alone will suffice to avoid climate catastrophe.
[click to enlarge]
As said, the world's cumulative energy-related carbon dioxide emissions add up, for the period 1900 - 2012, to a staggering amount of 1257 Gt. As the graph on the right shows, methane's global warming potential for the first decade since its release into the atmosphere will be more than 130 times as much as carbon dioxide.
Abrupt release of just 10 Gt of methane will - during the first decade since entering into the atmosphere - have a stronger greenhouse effect globally than all cumulative energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from 1900 to 2012.
Note that above calculation applies to methane as it's typically released at present, i.e. gradually and spread out over the world, mostly originating from cattle, wetlands, biowaste, energy, forest fires, etc. Things will be much worse in case of abrupt release of methane from the Arctic seabed, when much of the methane will initially remain concentrated in the Arctic, where hydroxyl levels are also very low.
After 5 years, a methane cloud 20% the size of its original abrupt release of methane in the Arctic will still have more than 1000 times the warming potency locally that the same mass of carbon dioxide has globally.
Look at it this way; an abrupt release in the Arctic Ocean will initially remain concentrated locally. The Arctic Ocean covers 2.8% of the Earth's surface, while there's currently about 0.14 Gt of methane in the atmosphere over the Arctic Ocean. Abrupt release of 1 Gt methane from the Arctic seabed will thus initially multiply methane levels in the atmosphere over the Arctic Ocean by 8, trapping much more heat from sunlight, especially during the June solstice when solar radiation received by the Arctic is higher than anywhere else on Earth.
This comes on top of warming that is already accelerated in the Arctic. Albedo changes alone could cause more warming than all emissions by people globally, according to calculations by Prof. Peter Wadhams, who also describes things in the video below.
The resulting temperature rises in the Arctic threaten to trigger further methane releases from the seabed and wildfires on land in the Arctic, further driving up temperatures in an exponential spiral of runaway global warming.
In conclusion, we need a climate plan that will genuinely produce the necessary action, i.e. a comprehensive and effective climate plan as articulated at http://climateplan.blogspot.com
Labels: Arctic, climate plan, comprehensive, effective, methane, natural gas, Obama, Peter Wadhams, seabed
CO2? Let Me Introduce You To My Little Friend: CH4...
The Obama Climate Plan: Disappointing and Hopeless...
Arctic melt hits food security in bitter taste of ...
Wildfires even more damaging
Climate change fighting town savaged by runaway oi...
Wildfires in Canada affect the Arctic
Cruising for methane

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Protection Modules
In-App WAF
For Security Teams
RASP In-App WAF Protection Modules Pricing Customers Docs
Demo Log in FREE TRIAL
Scaling security through trust and automation: why Front chose Sqreen
Prior to having a security team, Front needed something to improve their security standing that was usable by and useful to engineers
Their users all share the same infrastructure on Front's side, which means that they need top-of-the-line understanding of suspicious user activity to rapidly prevent bad actors.
After they brought on their first security engineer, they needed to ensure that security was reliably automated so he could build up their compliance area as well
Sqreen provides Front with alerting and monitoring capabilities across all their production applications, giving them the ability to stay on top of suspicious users and malicious activity in real time.
Sqreen helps Front meet the compliance needs of their larger customers
Ability for a few people to monitor and handle the security of applications that serve over 5,000 customers
Freed up a super lean security team to focus on compliance and infrastructure in addition to security
Peace of mind for Front's customers, as they have confidence that the security of their data and accounts is taken seriously
Closer working relationship between engineering and security teams, thanks to having a tool that brings value to both teams
Founded in 2013, Front is a SaaS company that offers efficient email for teams. As they've scaled up to over 100 employees and become a global company with over 5,000 customers, such as Stripe and Hubspot, they recognized a need to uplevel their security to ensure their customers' protection.
Front's collaborative inbox
Front is built on Node.js, with a React frontend. Their customers do a lot of work within the Front app, which all runs over Front's cloud infrastructure. As they continue to bring on new users, they need to ensure that each customer's environment remains fully isolated and inaccessible from other customers and outside parties. Today, a lean security team of only a few people is able to handle the security needs of Front, while also handling compliance, and still having time to help out the engineering team on infrastructure work.
So how did they get there?
Scaling security from the beginning
Early on, Laurent, the co-founder and CTO of Front, foresaw the importance of security. Before they had a security team, they wanted to find a solution that could bring them from 0 to 1 on security matters. Since there wasn't a dedicated security person, the solution needed to be easy to deploy and use, and needed to be something that could provide value for the engineering team.
With an eye to the future, Front set out to find a solution that shared their values and that could scale with them as they grew: something transparent, actionable, and not over-engineered. That's when they found Sqreen.
"Sqreen supports the most important side of our business: the application. I know that if something goes wrong there, I will be alerted, and have visibility into the issue right away. The peace of mind that brings cannot be overstated." -- Matthieu Bouthors, Senior Security Engineer, Front
Security from 0 to 1…and beyond
Sqreen fit Front's cultural ethos of being clear and not excessively complex. The product was very simple to set up. It only took two lines of code to deploy Sqreen's Node.js agent on their production apps. This was perfect for Front when they were just starting their security journey out. With Sqreen in place, they were able to rapidly get alerting on suspicious users and malicious activities. The engineering team was able to have dashboards and alerting for getting visibility into the security state of production apps.
As Front grew and brought their first security team on board, Sqreen delivered value in a new way. The team expanded Sqreen's presence across Front, set up blocking mode for certain vectors, and began the process of automating certain security efforts. Additionally, since Sqreen is a tool that engineers could get value out of as well, it was able to help keep the security team and engineering team working in tandem.
The Sqreen platform
Today, the team has peace of mind, and is looking to increase the automation that Sqreen can bring on the security side. When people within Front's ecosystem start acting suspiciously, it's only a matter of minutes before Front is aware of it. This makes the team confident that they are on top of the security status of Front's applications, and ready to find ways to unlock more value.
"We get attacks from all over the world. Early on in my experience with Sqreen, we got a massive widespread effort to attack our application. Sqreen notified me right away. That made me confident that I would always be aware if something goes wrong." -- Matthieu Bouthors, Senior Security Engineer, Front
When thinking about scaling security, automation becomes more and more important. This is something that the team gets a lot of value out of in Sqreen. Sqreen automates many aspects of security and doesn't require a lot of time to set up or use. This is very important for them, because they have 1000's of customers all over the world. With a lean security team, they can't manage the requirements of best-of-class security without automation. At the scale they're operating, if they're not automating things, it's just not feasible to handle the issues.
"I really value my relationship with the Sqreen team. They're on top of the latest security issues for the languages they support and are very fast to respond to my questions. For example, whenever I find out about a brand new Node.js vulnerability and reach out the Sqreen team, not only do they already know about it; they've usually already updated Sqreen to address it!" -- Matthieu Bouthors, Senior Security Engineer, Front
As Front continues to grow, they know that Sqreen will continue to scale with their security needs in a way that perfectly aligns with their values: transparent, not over-engineered, and built with value in mind.
To know more about Sqreen, visit our product page or request a demo for a live presentation to learn how Sqreen can help you protect your apps, APIs or microservices.
Start protecting your applications today
Get continuous security monitoring and protection for your apps and scale your security.
Transparent security is here Scale your application security without impacting velocity Try Sqreen Today
Modules Hub
The SaaS CTO Security Checklist
The Early Security Engineer's First 90 Days Checklist
What is RASP?
What is WAF?
Email: sales@sqreen.com
©Sqreen 2015-2020
Sqreen uses cookies to make its website easier to use. Learn more about cookies. X


Your go-to companion for any stream fishing, this lightweight fly reel will find a place in your pack every time.
Here at Cheeky, we're obsessed with two things: fishing and producing the highest performing reels on the market. That's why we spent 15 months testing and developing the Cheeky Boost Series, a line of lightweight, performance fly reels that will redefine your quiver and your wallet. With the Boost Series, you get the unparalleled performance you've come to expect from Cheeky Reels, with a price tag that won't break the bank.
Measuring 3.25" in diameter and weighing only 4.5 oz, the Boost 325 is a must have for any small water fly fisherman. Light and compact, this fly fishing reel is easy to pack for a mountain hike yet diesel enough for a destination spring creek. Trout and panfish beware.


MT1000-2 ADVERTISING OBJECTIVES-STRATEGIES WORKSHEET also includes a separate Advertising Budget Worksheet and Notes section. The Marketing Manager should develop the set benchmarks (without internal benchmarks, the Marketing Manager should look for industry benchmarks). Advertising benchmarks should include, at a minimum: which media were used, the target market(s) for the ad, the cost of the ad, the number of leads generated by the ad, the number of sales the ad generated, and the goals for each ad.


text:
Q: Do Cloudflare's Page Rules support asterisk (wildcard) in the hostname I have setup a subdomain rule like this:
Match https://web*.example.com/readme.txt
Forward to https://example.com/subdomain-readme.txt

But it seems to be ignored. Is this supposed to work? I know wildcard works on the path, but seems to be a fail on the host.

A: Yes they apparently do (though not documented so no real guarantee it will remain possible). I had a caching issue previously, but it seems to work now.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
22 January, 2020, 01:46
Visitor's Guide to Over 100 Essential Tucson Restaurants & Bars 2018
A Beginner's Guide To Exploring the Mexican Food of South Tucson
Your Guide To 44 Downtown Tucson Restaurants
Your Guide to 30 Bars & Restaurants on Fourth Avenue
Your Guide to 20 Tucson Breweries that are Hoppin'
Broke Student
Farmers Market Vendor Spotlight
Food Truck Finds
Gluten-FREEstyle
Happy Hour Picks
Nine On The Line
Tools They Use
Vegan Vixen
#WeeklyDish
Taco Tour Part III: West Tucson (Interactive Map)
Jackie TranDecember 12, 20170 Comment
Taco Yaqui and Taco Lorenza with carne asada at Aqui con el Nene (Credit: Jackie Tran)
In part three of our Tucson Tour de Taco series, we're featuring taco joints along the west side of Tucson.
To view any previous taco tour, visit 'Tour de Taco' Part I: South 12th Avenue and Tucson Tour de Taco Part II: West 22nd Street & South Sixth Avenue.
Seis Kitchen
130 S. Avenida del Convento #100
Crispy Avocado Taco Grande Platter and strawberry limón agua fresca at Seis Kitchen and Catering (Credit: Jackie Tran)
While the Crispy Avocado Tacos are among our favorites, don't be afraid to venture through Mexico's other culinary regions at Seis via their handmade corn tortillas. Yucatan specialties Poc Chuc and Cochinita Pibil feature earthy and vibrant red achiote, while Puebla specialty Chicken Tinga features smokey chipotles. If you're early, don't miss out on the breakfast Chorizo con Papas Tacos with a glass of their blend of coffee and house-made horchata.
For more information, visit seiskitchen.com.
La Fresita West
1450 W. St Mary's Rd.
Assorted tacos at La Fresita West (Credit: Jackie Tran)
Chicken is hardly the star at local taquerias, but Le Fresita West's pollo is quite juicy. The lengua is also succulent, while the chorizo has crispy edges the contrast the soft bulk of it. The interior is lacking, but the quality ingredients more than makes up for it.
Keep up with La Fresita West on Facebook.
Taqueria Juanito's
708 W. Grant Rd.
Although Juanito's al pastor isn't prepared the traditional way on the vertical rotisserie known as a trompo, it's still packed with flavor from a variety of chiles with pineapple-citrus sweetness and acidity. The carne asada is also a local favorite.
Keep up with Taqueria Juanito's on Facebook.
Aqui Con El Nene
4415 N. Flowing Wells Rd.
Entering and exiting the parking lot's only driveway is a pain during traffic, but it's worth it for the mesquite meats and gloriously-stocked salsa bar. The two-tortilla Taco Yaqui is topped with a roasted green chile, mesquite-grilled carne asada, sliced mushrooms, stringy white cheese, and crumbled bacon with a grilled Mexican green onion. The Taco Lorenza features a tortilla grilled until it's dried and crispy like a tostada. FYI — their Sonoran hot dogs are also among the best in Tucson.
Keep up with Aqui Con El Nene on Facebook.
tour de taco
Latke Competition at Tucson Jewish Community Center December 16 Previous post
'Holidays at the Markets' series with Heirloom Farmers Markets December 13 - 17 Next post
Jackie Tran
Jackie is a food writer and photographer native to Tucson. He loves corgis and still thinks rickrolling is funny. If you'd like to stalk him, visit jackietran.com and his Instagram @jackie_tran_.
GuidesLists January 21, 202012
15 spots to slurp up steaming bowls of Japanese ramen
Ten-cent packages of ramen may provide a sodium-filled sense of college nostalgia, but true Japanese…
GuidesLists January 3, 20200
Interactive Guide to 152 Central Tucson Restaurants, Bars & Cafes (MAP)
Looking for Central Tucson restaurants, bars, and cafes? Here's our map with Stone Avenue as…
Lists December 30, 20190
22 Tucson Restaurants & Bars That Closed in 2019
While dozens of new bars and restaurants opened in Tucson during 2019, around 21…
Plant-Based Eating Workshop Dunbar Pavilion 325 W. 2nd St.
21jan5:30 pm7:00 pmPlant-Based Eating Workshop5:30 pm - 7:00 pm Arizona Dunbar Pavilion
To increase the level of convenience, you've got two chances to make it to this class and it's perfect for those who are unfamiliar with how to live a healthy
To increase the level of convenience, you've got two chances to make it to this class and it's perfect for those who are unfamiliar with how to live a healthy vegan lifestyle.
Here's what you'll learn in the workshop:
You'll discover how to safely transition into a totally plant-based or vegan diet
Learn to incorporate the eight cornerstones of health, wellness and nutrition into your life
Then participate in hands-on vegan cooking activities, tastings, and receive delicious vegan recipes and resources
(Tuesday) 5:30 pm - 7:00 pm Arizona
Dunbar Pavilion
Rosie Kennedy
Chef Chic Grand Opening Chef Chic 1104 S. Wilmot Rd.
23jan3:00 pm6:00 pmChef Chic Grand Openingribbon cutting celebration3:00 pm - 6:00 pm Arizona Chef Chic
The new spot is located at 1104 S. Wilmot Rd. and the 1,190-square-feet-space was previously operated by Holy Smokin' Butts BBQ — which moved into a larger location this past
The new spot is located at 1104 S. Wilmot Rd. and the 1,190-square-feet-space was previously operated by Holy Smokin' Butts BBQ — which moved into a larger location this past May.
Chef Gauthier is excited about the new restaurant, and it's also a great way to celebrate her Iron Chef Tucson 2019 win.
"We have been in biz for 18 years, but kind of hidden," Gauthier said. "In the last few years, we have tried to be out in the public more and now with the Iron Chef Win, we have such an amazing following. We wanted to be able to serve more people."
Inside, the space will feature family-style farm tables and seating for 30. The menu will feature breakfast and lunch options such as eggs, breakfast bowls, high protein options, sandwiches, salads, wraps, and grab-and-go meals.
"I am so grateful and humbled by all the support the community has given me," Gauthier said. "From my Iron Chef win to just all the years of being in business, we cannot wait to share our new location and future with you."
(Thursday) 3:00 pm - 6:00 pm Arizona
Chef Chic
1104 S. Wilmot Rd.
Morning at the Museum Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum 2021 N. Kinney Rd.
25jan9:00 am12:00 pmMorning at the MuseumCoffee, tea, cocktails & yoga9:00 am - 12:00 pm Arizona Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum
The animals are welcoming you to their stomping grounds for tastings and presentations from local coffee roasters and tea houses, early morning snacks, easy going tunes, and yoga with Let's
The animals are welcoming you to their stomping grounds for tastings and presentations from local coffee roasters and tea houses, early morning snacks, easy going tunes, and yoga with Let's Sweat.
Once you've had a proper amount of tea and coffee, there will be morning cocktails to sip on at the cash bar — bloody marys, mimosas, and Irish coffees aplenty.
Tickets are $32 for the Advance General Admission, $9.95 for kids 3-12 years old, and anyone younger than that is free. I you'd like to add on a Yoga session it's an additional $5.
Your experience includes admission to the museum, samples from all vendors, a cup of coffee and baked good, a commemorative coffee mug, all activities, and 15% off lunch at the Ocotillo Café.
(Saturday) 9:00 am - 12:00 pm Arizona
2021 N. Kinney Rd.
Boots n Brews Craft Beer Tanque Verde Ranch 14301 E. Speedway Blvd.
01feb4:30 pm9:00 pmBoots n Brews Craft BeerCraft beer tastings & a dinner buffet4:30 pm - 9:00 pm AZ Tanque Verde Ranch
Day-pass tickets are $55 per person (unless you've already got a room at the ranch) Intros to Breweries & Tastings is from 4:30 - 8 p.m. The participating breweries include:
Day-pass tickets are $55 per person (unless you've already got a room at the ranch)
Intros to Breweries & Tastings is from 4:30 – 8 p.m. The participating breweries include:
Barrio Brewing Company
BlackRock Brewers
Button Brew House
Copper Brothel Brewery
Copper Mine Brewing Company
Crooked Tooth Brewing Company
Dillinger Brewing Company
Sentinel Peak Brewing Company
Uncle Bear's Brewery
Enhanced Cowboy Cookout Dinner from 5:30 – 9 p.m.
Menu features steak, chicken, cowboy beans, and more
(Saturday) 4:30 pm - 9:00 pm AZ
14301 E. Speedway Blvd.
Chinese New Year Dinner The Carriage House 125 S. Arizona Ave.
01feb6:00 pm9:00 pmChinese New Year DinnerMulti-course dinner with entertainment6:00 pm - 9:00 pm Arizona The Carriage House
The celebration is often considered one of the most important holidays on the Chinese calendar, and each Asian-inspired dish will be prepared by chef Janos Wilder and chef Devon Sanner. Aside
The celebration is often considered one of the most important holidays on the Chinese calendar, and each Asian-inspired dish will be prepared by chef Janos Wilder and chef Devon Sanner.
Aside from the fantastic feast, the Jade Lion performing dance troupe from Tucson's Chinese Cultural Center will perform to ring in the Year of the Rat.
Tickets are $87.50 and include a five-course dinner and a half bottle of wine per person. You can also purchase tickets by calling (520) 615-6100.
(Saturday) 6:00 pm - 9:00 pm Arizona
125 S. Arizona Ave.
The Carriage House 125 S. Arizona Ave.
SAVOR Southern Arizona Food & Wine Festival Tucson Botanical Gardens 2150 N. Alvernon Way
08feb12:00 pm3:00 pmSAVOR Southern Arizona Food & Wine Festivalfood, beer, wine & entertainment12:00 pm - 3:00 pm Arizona Tucson Botanical Gardens
SAVOR showcases the diversity of food and ingredients by bringing more than 60 of the region's best chefs, wineries, breweries, and local restaurants together. The artistic side of
SAVOR showcases the diversity of food and ingredients by bringing more than 60 of the region's best chefs, wineries, breweries, and local restaurants together.
The artistic side of the city continues to expand throughout Tucson as it molds a unique gathering of local businesses. With so many local restaurants, breweries, and wineries popping up in the region it's hard to keep track and taste them all, but that's why this festival is so well supported.
Tickets are $79 per person and that includes samples from all wineries, breweries, distilleries, restaurants, and food purveyors.
VIP Tickets are also available at $125 per person and gets you in one hour early, scores you reserved parking, access to all Tucson Botanical Gardens exhibits, and everything that comes with the General Admission access.
Last year's tickets vanished days before the event, so don't wait too long to purchase yours.
(Saturday) 12:00 pm - 3:00 pm Arizona
Tucson Botanical Gardens
2150 N. Alvernon Way
Southern Arizona Arts & Cultural Alliance
Copyright © 2020 Tucson Foodie. All Rights Reserved.


While the Lillian & Albert Small Jewish Museum is closed in preparation for its relocation, we're offering a 10-15 minute historic overview outside the building.
Synagogues or other organized groups should use this request form.
Schools or other student groups should review our education offerings.
If we need to reach you the day of the tour.
Anything else you'd like use to know about your group?
The tour takes place in the second-story sanctuary. Due to the age of the building, this space is accessible only via staircase. At this time, we are unable to accommodate visitors who cannot climb the stairs.
No food is allowed in our historic building.
Complete and submit this form or contact the Jewish Historical Society directly at (202) 789-0900.
The Society will contact you to confirm the date and time of your tour. RESERVATIONS ARE NOT FINAL UNTIL A CONFIRMATION EMAIL HAS BEEN SENT.
TO CANCEL YOUR TOUR, PLEASE CALL THE SOCIETY AT LEAST 24 HOURS IN ADVANCE AT (202) 789-0900.


text:
Q: get images from folder and set to datatype I am Trying to get images from a folder and add them to type image type but found this error..
 Error  1   Cannot implicitly convert type 'string' to 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.Image'
      Image image;
      string[] fileEntries = Directory.GetFiles(@"C:\Users\Hari\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\WebSites\WebSite26\img\");
      int numFiles = fileEntries.Length;
      for (int picCount = 0; picCount < numFiles; picCount++)
      {
          image = fileEntries[picCount];
      }

A: Modify your for loop to this:
for (int picCount = 0; picCount < numFiles; picCount++)
{
    image = new System.Web.UI.WebControls.Image();
    // set other image properties
    // also i assume that you web root is 'C:\Users\Hari\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\WebSites\WebSite26'
    image.ImageUrl = "/img/" + Path.GetFileName(fileEntries[picCount]);
}

anyway purpose of your task is not well understood.
Check this post about creating images programmaticaly and adding them to resulting page.


text:
Hans Huber (1852–1921) – szwajcarski kompozytor
 Hans Huber (ur. 1930) – niemiecki bokser, medalista olimpijski

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


An ultra-miniature, normally open switch with a 7.00mm long x 1.80mm diameter (0.276" x 0.071") glass envelope, capable of switching 170Vdc at 10W. Available sensitivity range of 6-10 AT. High insulation resistance of 1012 ohms minimum and low contact resistance of less than 150 milliohms. Available in surface mount version (MISM-3V1). Ideally suited for reed relays, security, metering and mobile phone applications.


The White Lace Bride from the Papo Fairytale World collection - Discounts on all Papo Toys at Wonderland Models.
One of our favourite models in the Papo Fairytale range is the Papo White Lace Bride.
Papo manufacture wonderful, amazingly accurate models of all sorts of toy figures, particularly fairytale figures including this model of the White Lace Bride which can be complemented by any of the items in the Fairytale or Fantasy ranges.
Chose this model because of her blonde hair. But it turns out Papo have changed her to a brunette. I could have sent her back in exchange for a bride with a pink or a blue dress (not sure which one has blonde hair) but we wanted the white dress. Blondes are a must for my granddaughter and I knew she would be disappointed with a brown haired bride. What a quandry! So I painted her hair with acrylic paint, now she's the blonde bride we wanted and my granddaughter is delighted - result!


text:
Photo Credit: Rory McIlroy in action at the 2016 Ryder Cup at Hazeltine
Ryder Cup 2018: How to get your tickets
On February 27, 2017, 9:03am EST
The 2016 Ryder Cup may still be fresh in our memories, but it's never too early to start making plans to attend the next edition of the greatest team event in golf, with the 42nd Ryder Cup set to be held between September 25-30, 2018, at the beautiful Le Golf National in France. Here's some more information on how to get yourself there.
To purchase Ryder Cup tickets you will need to create a ticket account. You can do this by clicking here.
The Official Hospitality Programme was launched immediately after the US team's memorable victory at Hazeltine National golf club in 2016, a result which makes the event's return to Europe all the more tantalising.
Click here to read more about our Official Hospitality programme. (French version).
To register your interest in attending click here and we shall contact you with all of the relevant information. French version available here.
TicketsTop News