Osteoarthritis affects one of every five dogs.
Thinning of joint cartilage can lead to a vicious cycle of joint deterioration, reduced mobility, and pain.
Supportive care is important, and treatment may include pain medication, NSAIDs, corticosteroids,supplements, massage, acupuncture, warm compresses, and/or surgery.
Regular, moderate exercise may help delay canine arthritis.
Recognizing arthritis in dogs can be difficult because the condition progresses slowly and dogs don't complain about their aching joints. Also, some owners assume that signs of arthritis are "normal" in older animals.
Bringing your dog in for an annual checkup can help your veterinarian identify clinical signs early. Radiography (x-rays) can reveal bony growths and joint abnormalities.
Getting or keeping your dog slim can help by decreasing the load on his or her joints.
Feeding your dog the right amount of high-quality food should help with weight control.
Carefully monitored exercise on soft surfaces can help affected dogs. Askyour veterinarian for more details.
Because arthritis is aggravated by cold and damp, keep your dog warm and dry. Padded dog beds can help.
Warm compresses can soothe affected joints.
Massage can increase your dog's flexibility, circulation, and sense of well-being. Professional animal massage therapists are available.
Pain medication, including nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (commonly called NSAIDs), may help relieve signs, but you should never give your dog a drug without your veterinarian's recommendation.
NSAIDs are commonly prescribed by veterinarians to reduce pain and inflammation associated with arthritis.
Corticosteroidscan be used to suppress inflammation, but they are usually used for short periods.
Disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) can be an important part of managing osteoarthritis.
Glucosamine and chondroitin have been used to help manage arthritis in dogs and other animals.
Acupuncture isn't just for people. It's painless and has shown some success in animals.
Regular, moderate exercise and a high-quality diet can help delay aging, manage body weight, and keep your dog's musculoskeletal system in good shape. Ask your veterinarian to recommend an exercise program and a diet that are appropriate for your dog.
Many human and canine pain relievers are poisonous to cats.


Former Tamil Nadu chief minister Dba Press O Panneerslevam turned into today sworn-in as deputy to modern-day incumbent K Palaniswami, hours after the merger of the two AIADMK factions.
At an easy ceremony at the Raj Bhavan, Governor Ch Vidyasagar Rao administered the oath of office and secrecy to Panneerselvam.
The former leader minister is returned in his home turf finance, a portfolio he had held given that 2011 whilst the J Jayalalithaa authorities changed into sworn-in.
He held it until his resignation as the chief minister in February to make manner for jailed AIADMK leader V K Sasikala, who despite being appointed the leader of the AIADMK Legislature celebration did not emerge as the leader minister.
This becomes following her conviction and subsequent imprisonment at the Bengaluru prison in the disproportionate assets case.
Even whilst Panneerselvam stepped in for Jayalalithaa as an alternative following her conviction inside the property case in 2014 or even after her death in December 2016, he persisted to maintain the Finance portfolio.
His close aide K Pandiarajan become sworn-in as minister for Tamil official language and Tamil way of life.
Since the former leader minister's rebellion towards Sasikala, D Jayakumar has been entrusted with finance, besides fisheries.
Besides finance, Panneerselvam turned into allocated housing, rural housing and housing improvement, Slum Clearance Board and Accommodation Control, Town Planning, urban development and Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority.
Pandiarajan becomes in advance the School Education minister in past due to Jayalalithaa cabinet following a reshuffle in August 2016.
He had later joined Panneerselvam put up the latter's insurrection in opposition to Sasikala.
Jayakumar will keep the fisheries portfolio.
Pandiarajan has additionally been given the portfolio of archaeology, hitherto held by Sevoor S Ramachandran and K A Sengottaiyan, respectively.
Udumalai K Radhakrishnan has been allotted animal husbandry, hitherto held by P Balakrishna Reddy with the latter now being made the Minister for Youth Welfare and Sports Development, in advance held by way of Sengottaiyan.
Further, Mines and Minerals hitherto held with the aid of Industries Minister MC Sampath was allocated to C Ve Shanmugam, who's the regulation minister.
Panneerselvam changed into first made the finance minister with the aid of Jayalalithaa when the AIADMK got here to energy in 2011 even though he has held other portfolios earlier.
He was period in-between chief minister twice whilst Jayalalithaa stepped down due to cases towards her, after which leader minister following her demise on December 5, 2016.
Equipment financing costs can vary extensively from one lender or leasing business enterprise to every other, among distinct kinds of assets and geographies as well.
This is essential because of the extensive spectrum of financing models which can be within the market and the way wherein every lender or lessor targets the market and expenses their investment consistent with chance.
So even as there may be a few funder unique criteria that impact the effective lending fees, there are a few simple tips that you could follow whilst try to determine the sort of financing price you should be paying.
First of all, system financing fees can have a few dependence on the dimensions of the deal. For example, on quantities beneath $200,000, the rate is commonly going to be better than for large borrowing or leasing amounts.
Second, decrease quotes have a tendency to be offset by using a slower process for software and investment, and a lower financing quantity or loan to value. As an instance, in case you were to get a small enterprise equipment loan thru a financial institution, the bottom capacity fee of financing could be top + 3%. But to be able to qualify for that price, you are going to must live on a totally thorough application manner so that it will require you to have robust credit, and strong private internet worth to assure the loan…And the loan to the fee will not in all likelihood be greater than seventy-five%.
If you want a higher mortgage to fee then it's probable that the charge will also be barely better to offset the relative danger of the financing supply.
For instance, maximum leasing agencies will offer "A" credit customers with leverage at or near a hundred% of the asset acquisition value. But the powerful feed on borrowing additionally tends to be barely higher than what they'll be capable of relaxing at a bank or institutional lender wherein they nonetheless may also qualify.
The barely higher price from a small price tag leasing organization now not simplest can offer higher leverage, however, also quicker turnaround time compared to financial institution financing choice.
So as a commercial enterprise owner, there is change offs to keep in mind in phrases of cost, leverage, and timing.
Businesses which have been hooked up for under 3 years, or have a few degree of credit score or monetary misery might be faced with a better price of borrowing as properly because of the better chance of capacity loss to any financing business enterprise that approves the investment.
There can also be equipment leasing fees at or lower than financial institution quotes, however these are commonly reserved for companies with very sturdy credit score profiles, or for situations where the equipment producer or supplier have supplied the finance business enterprise with some type of risk discount which allows the effective charge provided to the purchaser to be decrease.
Type of system can also affect the powerful lending fee. The extra a piece of the system is taken into consideration to be a commodity with a massive and predictable resale marketplace in phrases of resale cost and time to complete a sale, the much less danger with a purpose to be associated with that particular asset.
From a geographic and industry point of view, finance agencies will even have choices with admire to their lending and funding criteria, presenting better charges for locations and industries that best in shape the one's standards.
The important essential takeaway here is that it isn't always continually apparent as to what the first-class financing option is for a given scenario until all the relevant elements are taken into consideration.
By thinking in terms of what the sources of gadget financing to your vicinity are looking for will provide a better guiding principle as to what makes feel in your business for a specific financing request, at any given factor in time.


Abstract. Estimating evapotranspiration in hilly watersheds is paramount for managing water resources, especially in semiarid/subhumid regions. The eddy covariance (EC) technique allows continuous measurements of latent heat flux (LE). However, time series of EC measurements often experience large portions of missing data because of instrumental malfunctions or quality filtering. Existing gap-filling methods are questionable over hilly crop fields because of changes in airflow inclination and subsequent aerodynamic properties. We evaluated the performances of different gap-filling methods before and after tailoring to conditions of hilly crop fields. The tailoring consisted of splitting the LE time series beforehand on the basis of upslope and downslope winds. The experiment was setup within an agricultural hilly watershed in northeastern Tunisia. EC measurements were collected throughout the growth cycle of three wheat crops, two of them located in adjacent fields on opposite hillslopes, and the third one located in a flat field. We considered four gap-filling methods: the REddyProc method, the linear regression between LE and net radiation (Rn), the multi-linear regression of LE against the other energy fluxes, and the use of evaporative fraction (EF). Regardless of the method, the splitting of the LE time series did not impact the gap-filling rate, and it might improve the accuracies on LE retrievals in some cases. Regardless of the method, the obtained accuracies on LE estimates after gap filling were close to instrumental accuracies, and they were comparable to those reported in previous studies over flat and mountainous terrains. Overall, REddyProc was the most appropriate method, for both gap-filling rate and retrieval accuracy. Thus, it seems possible to conduct gap filling for LE time series collected over hilly crop fields, provided the LE time series are split beforehand on the basis of upslope–downslope winds. Future works should address consecutive vegetation growth cycles for a larger panel of conditions in terms of climate, vegetation, and water status.
How to cite: Boudhina, N., Zitouna-Chebbi, R., Mekki, I., Jacob, F., Ben Mechlia, N., Masmoudi, M., and Prévot, L.: Evaluating four gap-filling methods for eddy covariance measurements of evapotranspiration over hilly crop fields, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 7, 151-167, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-151-2018, 2018.


text:
TTS acquisition a step closer
By Christian Shelton2019-01-02T10:04:00+00:00
Finland-headquartered crane and equipment maker for the offshore industry MacGregor has received clearance from the South Korean Fair Trade Commission on the company's acquisition of the marine and offshore businesses of TTS Group ASA, which was announced on 8 February 2018.
MacGregor announced the approval from the German regulator on 6 November 2018 but is still waiting for approval from the competition authority in China. MacGregor expects to close the transaction in the first quarter of 2019.
Approval from the South Korean Fair Trade Commission has been given for the acquisition of the TTS Group's marine and offshore businesses by MacGregor
China (inc. Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau)
South Korean Fair Trade Commission
MacGregor cleared to acquire TTS
Offshore crane manufacturer Macgregor's acquisition of TTS moves a step closer to completion
CRH divests European distribution
CRH's European distribution business sold to Blackstone group for €1.64 billion
Lifting Gear Hire rebrands as LGH
Lifting Gear Hire has changed its name to LGH as part of a worldwide rebranding

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Nikola Tesla: Who Was He?
Join Tesla Science Center Board President Jane Alcorn as she discusses the fascinating life of Nikola Tesla, the electrical engineer who was once renowned as a genius inventor, as well as the history of his Wardenclyffe lab in Shoreham. The story of Tesla's dream for Wardenclyffe in the early 1900s, and the Science Center's dream for Wardenclyffe today will also be presented.


The US secretary of state says "real progress" has been made to restart Israeli-Palestinian peace talks but more work is needed.
John Kerry told reporters that "positive" and "very important" discussions had taken place during the past few days.
He spoke after the last of several days of meetings with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas in the West Bank.
But Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat said there had been no breakthrough.
He said the latest meeting had been "positive and profound", but "there is still a gap between the Palestinian and Israeli positions", AFP news agency reported.


The Philadelphia Union have signed Andre Blake to a multi-year contract extension, the team announced on Wednesday.
Blake, 27, was the first pick in the 2014 MLS SuperDraft. After apprenticing to a string of keepers for the first two years of his professional career, Blake seized the starting job at the end of the 2015 season and has started the bulk of the Union's matches since.
A sensational 2016 season saw Blake earn the MLS Goalkeeper of the Year award and named as the starting goalkeeper in the MLS All-Star Game against Arsenal. Blake also starred as Jamaica's starter in the 2016 Copa America Centenario and the 2017 Gold Cup, winning the Golden Glove in the latter tournament despite suffering a hand injury in the final match.
Though terms of the contract were not disclosed, the Union used Targeted Allocation Money (TAM) to complete the transaction.
The Union report for the start of preseason training next week, after the MLS SuperDraft — the last major offseason event — takes place tomorrow in Philadelphia. The roster stands at 24 players.
This is good news, he is a star.
Pathetic this is all we get.
When you can't score goals, keeping the ball out of the net is of even more extreme importance than it always is and Blake is among the very best at that.
However, true money ball teams don't over invest in the goal keeping position. It is the one position where America produces a plethora of more than serviceable bodies than can be had at good dollar values.
I am certainly glad to have Blake on this team and welcome him back, but as with all things Union you have to question the overall strategy.
Given their current ability to find ANYONE let alone a 'Moneyball' diamond in the rough, I'm ok with $$ on Dre.
Apropos of nothing, remember that any roster move in MLS is a three way process, and that includes planning the media process.
Club insiders have more than likely known this was happening for a while.
Happy to have Dre back….next how about someone like this: Josué Soares Pesqueira?
Looks like reddit and Twitter have cracked the code: new kits are hoops. Release them already!


text:
January/February 2021 / Financial Health
The Gift of Estate Planning
By Neil Seidel
In researching my book, Leaving Life, I discovered that the lack of proper estate planning is somewhat of an epidemic within the baby-boomer generation. The result of not preparing a proper will or living trust can lead to heirs, partners and children fighting over assets or possessions. Irreparable relationships are often the byproduct of settling an estate that has not clearly made provisions for distribution of real-estate, collectibles, stocks, cash and various assets that have purely sentimental value.
The children of the late Martin Luther King Jr. spent several years in the court system fighting over custody of Dr. King's Nobel Peace Prize and his traveling Bible. Most everyone has heard stories of families torn apart over money and valuable items.
Stress, anxiety and uncertainty all undermine our good health. Attempting to settle a poorly crafted will or lack of living trust can lead to years of legal headaches, including probate court, lawyers, litigation and extended stress for all parties involved.
I know. My father passed away in 1989, leaving an incomplete estate plan. Ben Seidel was an award-winning life insurance salesman for Metropolitan Life. He understood the financial world. However, he hadn't quite worked out how to provide for a disabled child without losing their state medical benefits. Unfortunately, an untimely heart attack left our family with an incomplete estate plan and many details to unravel.
I was totally unprepared for managing a team of lawyers, accountants and bookkeepers, and was thrust into the world of settling a complicated estate, facing the probate court process as well. It took two years of work and adjustments before everything was settled and the distribution of assets could go forward to our mother. After we accomplished this, I engaged a competent estate attorney to draft my mother's living trust.
Ten years later, when my mother passed, her estate was quickly settled with no hassles, problems or time delays. This process prompted me to think about the importance and obligation we all have to spare our heirs the distressing and stressful experience my family had to endure as a result of my father's incomplete estate plan.
There was also the challenge of disposing of a huge amount of "stuff." My parents rarely got rid of unused items. It was necessary to sort out and dispose of or donate tons of acquisitions. As such, I advocate for culling and disposing of one's possessions during our lifetime to save our survivors from having to go through our junk and make hard decisions to save or dispose of them.
If you own collectibles, I recommend photographing and appraising these items to help take the mystery out of dealing with the value upon your demise and perhaps aid your family in obtaining a fair price if they wish to sell them.
The question of why people avoid planning their estates, final arrangements, advanced medical directives and durable power of attorney, etc., has to do with the resistance to facing one's mortality. In our "forever young" culture, people don't want to face the fact they are going to die, and dealing with this reality can be difficult for many.
Writing a will is an acknowledgment of the reality that our life is finite. There are not unlimited years allotted to us, even if we are in the best of health, and the avoidance of preparing your affairs is a byproduct of this illusion.
Creating a proper estate plan is the compassionate and responsible course of action to take for your loved ones. In doing so, you also gain peace of mind and the knowledge that your final wishes have been made clear. I hope this message reaches a wide audience and helps many engage in this most important responsibility to themselves and their loved ones.
Neil Seidel of Palm Springs is a former teacher at Loyola Marymount University, California State University and Los Angeles City College. His book Leaving Life is available as an e-book on Amazon.com. Neil can be reached at guitarflight@aol.com.
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Senior Golfers: Hips Don't Lie
By Michael K Butler BA; PTA; CSCS*D; RSCC*D NMT
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By B. Maya Kato, MD
By Dipika Patel


text:
This scanning electron microscope image shows ultrafine diamond needles (cone shapes rising from bottom) being pushed on by a diamond tip (dark shape at top). These images reveal that the diamond needles can bend as much as 9 percent and still return to their original shape.
Courtesy of the researchers
How to bend and stretch a diamond
The brittle material can turn flexible when made into ultrafine needles, researchers find.
David L. Chandler | MIT News Office
Karl-Lydie Jean-Baptiste
Email: kjeanbap@MIT.EDU
1 images for download
Access Media
Media can only be downloaded from the desktop version of this website.
Diamond is well-known as the strongest of all natural materials, and with that strength comes another tightly linked property: brittleness. But now, an international team of researchers from MIT, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Korea has found that when grown in extremely tiny, needle-like shapes, diamond can bend and stretch, much like rubber, and snap back to its original shape.
The surprising finding is being reported this week in the journal Science, in a paper by senior author Ming Dao, a principal research scientist in MIT's Department of Materials Science and Engineering; MIT postdoc Daniel Bernoulli; senior author Subra Suresh, former MIT dean of engineering and now president of Singapore's Nanyang Technological University; graduate students Amit Banerjee and Hongti Zhang at City University of Hong Kong; and seven others from CUHK and institutions in Ulsan, South Korea.
Experiment (left) and simulation (right) of a diamond nanoneedle being bent by the side surface of a diamond tip, showing ultralarge and reversible elastic deformation.
The results, the researchers say, could open the door to a variety of diamond-based devices for applications such as sensing, data storage, actuation, biocompatible in vivo imaging, optoelectronics, and drug delivery. For example, diamond has been explored as a possible biocompatible carrier for delivering drugs into cancer cells.
The team showed that the narrow diamond needles, similar in shape to the rubber tips on the end of some toothbrushes but just a few hundred nanometers (billionths of a meter) across, could flex and stretch by as much as 9 percent without breaking, then return to their original configuration, Dao says.
Ordinary diamond in bulk form, Bernoulli says, has a limit of well below 1 percent stretch. "It was very surprising to see the amount of elastic deformation the nanoscale diamond could sustain," he says.
"We developed a unique nanomechanical approach to precisely control and quantify the ultralarge elastic strain distributed in the nanodiamond samples," says Yang Lu, senior co-author and associate professor of mechanical and biomedical engineering at CUHK. Putting crystalline materials such as diamond under ultralarge elastic strains, as happens when these pieces flex, can change their mechanical properties as well as thermal, optical, magnetic, electrical, electronic, and chemical reaction properties in significant ways, and could be used to design materials for specific applications through "elastic strain engineering," the team says.
Experiment (left) and simulation (right) of a diamond nanoneedle being bent to fracture by the side surface of a diamond tip, showing ultralarge elastic deformation (around 9 percent maximum tensile strain).
The team measured the bending of the diamond needles, which were grown through a chemical vapor deposition process and then etched to their final shape, by observing them in a scanning electron microscope while pressing down on the needles with a standard nanoindenter diamond tip (essentially the corner of a cube). Following the experimental tests using this system, the team did many detailed simulations to interpret the results and was able to determine precisely how much stress and strain the diamond needles could accommodate without breaking.
The researchers also developed a computer model of the nonlinear elastic deformation for the actual geometry of the diamond needle, and found that the maximum tensile strain of the nanoscale diamond was as high as 9 percent. The computer model also predicted that the corresponding maximum local stress was close to the known ideal tensile strength of diamond — i.e. the theoretical limit achievable by defect-free diamond.
When the entire diamond needle was made of one crystal, failure occurred at a tensile strain as high as 9 percent. Until this critical level was reached, the deformation could be completely reversed if the probe was retracted from the needle and the specimen was unloaded. If the tiny needle was made of many grains of diamond, the team showed that they could still achieve unusually large strains. However, the maximum strain achieved by the polycrystalline diamond needle was less than one-half that of the single crystalline diamond needle.
Yonggang Huang, a professor of civil and environmental engineering and mechanical engineering at Northwestern University, who was not involved in this research, agrees with the researchers' assessment of the potential impact of this work. "The surprise finding of ultralarge elastic deformation in a hard and brittle material — diamond — opens up unprecedented possibilities for tuning its optical, optomechanical, magnetic, phononic, and catalytic properties through elastic strain engineering," he says.
Huang adds "When elastic strains exceed 1 percent, significant material property changes are expected through quantum mechanical calculations. With controlled elastic strains between 0 to 9 percent in diamond, we expect to see some surprising property changes."
The team also included Muk-Fung Yuen, Jiabin Liu, Jian Lu, Wenjun Zhang, and Yang Lu at the City University of Hong Kong; and Jichen Dong and Feng Ding at the Institute for Basic Science, in South Korea. The work was funded by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Nanyang Technological University Singapore, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Topics: Research, Carbon, Materials Science and Engineering, DMSE, Nanoscience and nanotechnology, School of Engineering
A team led by research scientist Ming Dao has made diamond nano-needles that can bend without breaking and snap back into to their original position, New Scientist reports. "The tiny needles had very little room for defects in their crystal structure, so they could bend without snapping," the article explains.
Forbes contributor Brid-Aine Parnell describes new research from MIT and others who discovered that even though diamonds are hard and brittle, "needle nanodiamonds can stretch by as much as 9%." Because of this, such nanodiamonds could "be biocompatible for vivo imaging, optoelectronics or even delivering drugs into cancer cells," writes Parnell.
Ryan Mandelbaum of Gizmodo writes that MIT scientists have found that diamonds can bend without snapping when in the form of nano-needles. These needles can potentially be used to "store data or to deliver drugs directly into cells, or simply as ultra-strong nanostructures," explains Mandelbaum.
A paper from MIT and others shows that when diamonds are in the form of a nano-needle, they can be bent and stretched before returning to their original shape, reports Aristos Georgiou for Newsweek. The researchers "found that they could bend and stretch by as much as 9 percent without breaking, which is approaching the theoretical limit of diamond flexibility," notes Georgiou.
Paper: "Ultralarge elastic deformation of nanoscale diamond"
Ming Dao
Subra Suresh
Nanomechanics Laboratory
New property found in unusual crystalline materials
Metal defects can be eliminated by cyclic loading
Acoustic tweezers manipulate cells with sound waves
Using sound waves to detect rare cancer cells


text:
/*
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.facebook.presto.tests;

import com.facebook.presto.Session;
import com.facebook.presto.common.QualifiedObjectName;
import com.facebook.presto.common.type.TypeSignature;
import com.facebook.presto.common.type.TypeSignatureParameter;
import com.facebook.presto.common.type.UserDefinedType;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.function.Parameter;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.function.RoutineCharacteristics;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.function.SqlFunctionId;
import com.facebook.presto.spi.function.SqlInvokedFunction;
import com.facebook.presto.testing.MaterializedResult;
import com.facebook.presto.testing.MaterializedRow;
import com.facebook.presto.testing.QueryRunner;
import com.facebook.presto.udf.thrift.TestingThriftUdfServer;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import org.intellij.lang.annotations.Language;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.util.List;

import static com.facebook.presto.common.type.BigintEnumType.LongEnumMap;
import static com.facebook.presto.common.type.StandardTypes.BIGINT_ENUM;
import static com.facebook.presto.common.type.StandardTypes.VARCHAR_ENUM;
import static com.facebook.presto.common.type.TypeSignature.parseTypeSignature;
import static com.facebook.presto.common.type.VarcharEnumType.VarcharEnumMap;
import static com.facebook.presto.spi.function.FunctionVersion.notVersioned;
import static com.facebook.presto.testing.TestingSession.testSessionBuilder;
import static com.facebook.presto.tpch.TpchMetadata.TINY_SCHEMA_NAME;
import static com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList.toImmutableList;
import static java.lang.String.format;
import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;

@Test(singleThreaded = true)
public class TestSqlFunctions
        extends AbstractTestQueryFramework
{
    private static final UserDefinedType MOOD_ENUM = new UserDefinedType(QualifiedObjectName.valueOf("testing.enum.mood"), new TypeSignature(
            BIGINT_ENUM,
            TypeSignatureParameter.of(new LongEnumMap("testing.enum.mood", ImmutableMap.of(
                    "HAPPY", 0L,
                    "SAD", 1L,
                    "MELLOW", Long.MAX_VALUE,
                    "curious", -2L)))));
    private static final UserDefinedType COUNTRY_ENUM = new UserDefinedType(QualifiedObjectName.valueOf("testing.enum.country"), new TypeSignature(
            VARCHAR_ENUM,
            TypeSignatureParameter.of(new VarcharEnumMap("testing.enum.country", ImmutableMap.of(
                    "US", "United States",
                    "BAHAMAS", "The Bahamas",
                    "FRANCE", "France",
                    "CHINA", "中国",
                    "भारत", "India")))));

    protected TestSqlFunctions()
    {
        TestingThriftUdfServer.start(ImmutableMap.of("thrift.server.port", "7779"));
    }

    @Override
    protected QueryRunner createQueryRunner()
            throws Exception
    {
        try {
            Session session = testSessionBuilder()
                    .setCatalog("tpch")
                    .setSchema(TINY_SCHEMA_NAME)
                    .setSystemProperty("remote_functions_enabled", "true")
                    .build();
            DistributedQueryRunner queryRunner = DistributedQueryRunner.builder(session)
                    .setExtraProperties(ImmutableMap.of("inline-sql-functions", "false"))
                    .setCoordinatorProperties(ImmutableMap.of("list-built-in-functions-only", "false"))
                    .build();
            queryRunner.enableTestFunctionNamespaces(
                    ImmutableList.of("testing", "example"),
                    ImmutableMap.of(
                            "supported-function-languages", "sql, java",
                            "java.function-implementation-type", "THRIFT",
                            "java.thrift-page-format", "PRESTO_SERIALIZED",
                            "java.thrift.client.addresses", "localhost:7779"));
            queryRunner.createTestFunctionNamespace("testing", "common");
            queryRunner.createTestFunctionNamespace("testing", "test");
            queryRunner.createTestFunctionNamespace("example", "example");
            queryRunner.getMetadata().getFunctionAndTypeManager().addUserDefinedType(MOOD_ENUM);
            queryRunner.getMetadata().getFunctionAndTypeManager().addUserDefinedType(COUNTRY_ENUM);

            queryRunner.execute("CREATE TYPE testing.type.person AS (first_name varchar, last_name varchar, age tinyint, country testing.enum.country)");

            return queryRunner;
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @AfterMethod
    public void dropSqlFunctions()
    {
        List<MaterializedRow> sqlFunctions = computeActual("SHOW FUNCTIONS").getMaterializedRows().stream()
                .filter(row -> !((boolean) row.getField(7)))
                .collect(toImmutableList());
        for (MaterializedRow function : sqlFunctions) {
            assertQuerySucceeds(format("DROP FUNCTION %s (%s)", function.getField(0), function.getField(2)));
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreateFunctionInvalidFunctionName()
    {
        assertQueryFails(
                "CREATE FUNCTION testing.tan (x int) RETURNS double COMMENT 'tangent trigonometric function' RETURN sin(x) / cos(x)",
                ".*Function name should be in the form of catalog\\.schema\\.function_name, found: testing\\.tan");
        assertQueryFails(
                "CREATE FUNCTION presto.default.tan (x int) RETURNS double COMMENT 'tangent trigonometric function' RETURN sin(x) / cos(x)",
                "Cannot create function in built-in function namespace: presto\\.default\\.tan");
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreateFunctionInvalidSemantics()
    {
        assertQueryFails(
                "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.tan (x int) RETURNS varchar COMMENT 'tangent trigonometric function' RETURN sin(x) / cos(x)",
                "Function implementation type 'double' does not match declared return type 'varchar'");
        assertQueryFails(
                "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.tan (x int) RETURNS varchar COMMENT 'tangent trigonometric function' RETURN sin(y) / cos(y)",
                ".*Column 'y' cannot be resolved");
        assertQueryFails(
                "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.tan (x double) RETURNS double COMMENT 'tangent trigonometric function' RETURN sum(x)",
                ".*CREATE FUNCTION body cannot contain aggregations, window functions or grouping operations:.*");
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreateSQLFunction()
    {
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION TESTING.TEST.TAN (x int) RETURNS double RETURN sin(x) / cos(x)");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.tan (x double) RETURNS double LANGUAGE JAVA RETURN sin(x) / cos(x)");
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreateExternalFunction()
    {
        // external function
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo(x varchar) RETURNS varchar LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo(x varchar(3)) RETURNS varchar LANGUAGE SQL EXTERNAL");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo(x int) RETURNS bigint LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL NAME foo_from_another_library");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo(x bigint) RETURNS bigint LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL NAME \"foo.from.another.library\"");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo(x double) RETURNS double LANGUAGE \"JAVA\" EXTERNAL");
        assertQueryFails("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo(x smallint) RETURNS bigint LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL NAME 'foo.from.another.library'", ".*mismatched input ''foo.from.another.library''. Expecting: <identifier>");
        assertQueryFails("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo(x varchar) RETURNS varchar LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL NAME", ".*mismatched input '<EOF>'. Expecting: <identifier>");
        assertQueryFails("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo(x varchar) RETURNS varchar LANGUAGE UNSUPPORTED EXTERNAL", "Catalog testing does not support functions implemented in language UNSUPPORTED");
    }

    @Test
    public void testFunctionsWithEnumTypes()
    {
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.is_china(country testing.enum.country) RETURNS boolean RETURN country = testing.enum.country.CHINA");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.test.is_china(testing.enum.country.CHINA)", "SELECT true");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.test.is_china(testing.enum.country.\"भारत\")", "SELECT false");

        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.has_china(countries array<testing.enum.country>) RETURNS boolean RETURN any_match(countries, x -> x = testing.enum.country.CHINA)");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.test.has_china(array[testing.enum.country.US, testing.enum.country.FRANCE])", "SELECT false");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.test.has_china(array[testing.enum.country.US, testing.enum.country.FRANCE, testing.enum.country.china])", "SELECT true");

        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.get_mood(x varchar) RETURNS testing.enum.mood RETURN if(x='foo', testing.enum.mood.happy, testing.enum.mood.curious)");
        MaterializedResult rows = computeActual("SELECT testing.test.get_mood('foo')");
        assertEquals(rows.getTypes().get(0).getDisplayName(), "testing.enum.mood");
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields().get(0), 0L);
        rows = computeActual("SELECT testing.test.get_mood('bar')");
        assertEquals(rows.getTypes().get(0).getDisplayName(), "testing.enum.mood");
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields().get(0), -2L);

        assertQueryFails("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.invalid(e testing.enum.not_exist) RETURNS boolean RETURN e IS NOT NULL", ".*Type testing.enum.not_exist not found");
        assertQueryFails("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.is_uk(country testing.enum.country) RETURNS boolean RETURN country = testing.enum.country.UK", ".*'testing.enum.country.uk' cannot be resolved");
    }

    @Test
    public void testFunctionsWithStructTypes()
    {
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.get_last_name(person testing.type.person) RETURNS varchar RETURN person.last_name");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.test.get_last_name(CAST(ROW('test', 'user', tinyint'20', testing.enum.country.US) AS testing.type.person))", "SELECT 'user'");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.test.get_last_name(ROW('test', 'user', tinyint'20', testing.enum.country.US))", "SELECT 'user'");
        assertQueryFails("SELECT testing.test.get_last_name(ROW('test', 'user', tinyint'20', testing.enum.country.US, 'extra'))", ".*Unexpected parameters.*");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.get_country(person testing.type.person) RETURNS testing.enum.country RETURN person.country");
        MaterializedResult rows = computeActual("SELECT testing.test.get_country(ROW('test', 'user', tinyint'20', testing.enum.country.US))");
        assertEquals(rows.getTypes().get(0).getDisplayName(), "testing.enum.country");
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields().get(0), "United States");
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreateFunctionWithCoercion()
    {
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.return_double() RETURNS DOUBLE RETURN 1");
        String createFunctionReturnDoubleFormatted = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.return_double ()\n" +
                "RETURNS DOUBLE\n" +
                "COMMENT ''\n" +
                "LANGUAGE SQL\n" +
                "NOT DETERMINISTIC\n" +
                "CALLED ON NULL INPUT\n" +
                "RETURN CAST(1 AS double)";

        MaterializedResult rows = computeActual("SHOW CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.return_double()");
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields(), ImmutableList.of(createFunctionReturnDoubleFormatted, ""));

        rows = computeActual("SELECT testing.test.return_double() + 1");
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields().get(0), 2.0);

        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.return_varchar() RETURNS VARCHAR RETURN 'ABC'");
        String createFunctionReturnVarcharFormatted = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.return_varchar ()\n" +
                "RETURNS varchar\n" +
                "COMMENT ''\n" +
                "LANGUAGE SQL\n" +
                "NOT DETERMINISTIC\n" +
                "CALLED ON NULL INPUT\n" +
                "RETURN CAST('ABC' AS varchar)";

        rows = computeActual("SHOW CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.return_varchar()");
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields(), ImmutableList.of(createFunctionReturnVarcharFormatted, ""));

        rows = computeActual("SELECT lower(testing.test.return_varchar())");
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields().get(0), "abc");

        // no explicit cast added
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.return_int() RETURNS INTEGER RETURN 1");
        String createFunctionReturnIntFormatted = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.return_int ()\n" +
                "RETURNS INTEGER\n" +
                "COMMENT ''\n" +
                "LANGUAGE SQL\n" +
                "NOT DETERMINISTIC\n" +
                "CALLED ON NULL INPUT\n" +
                "RETURN 1";

        rows = computeActual("SHOW CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.return_int()");
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields(), ImmutableList.of(createFunctionReturnIntFormatted, ""));

        rows = computeActual("SELECT testing.test.return_int() + 3");
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields().get(0), 4);

        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.add_1_bigint(x array(bigint)) RETURNS array(bigint) RETURN transform(x, x -> x + 1)");
        String createFunctionAdd1BigintFormatted = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.add_1_bigint (\n" +
                "   x array(bigint)\n" +
                ")\n" +
                "RETURNS array(bigint)\n" +
                "COMMENT ''\n" +
                "LANGUAGE SQL\n" +
                "NOT DETERMINISTIC\n" +
                "CALLED ON NULL INPUT\n" +
                "RETURN \"transform\"(x, (x) -> (x + CAST(1 AS bigint)))";
        rows = computeActual("SHOW CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.add_1_bigint(array(bigint))");
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields(), ImmutableList.of(createFunctionAdd1BigintFormatted, "array(bigint)"));
    }

    @Test
    public void testAlterFunctionInvalidFunctionName()
    {
        assertQueryFails(
                "ALTER FUNCTION tan CALLED ON NULL INPUT",
                ".*Function name should be in the form of catalog\\.schema\\.function_name, found: tan");
        assertQueryFails(
                "ALTER FUNCTION testing.tan CALLED ON NULL INPUT",
                ".*Function name should be in the form of catalog\\.schema\\.function_name, found: testing\\.tan");
        assertQueryFails(
                "ALTER FUNCTION presto.default.sin RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT",
                "Cannot alter function in built-in function namespace: presto\\.default\\.sin");
    }

    @Test
    public void testDropFunctionInvalidFunctionName()
    {
        assertQueryFails(
                "DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS testing.tan",
                ".*Function name should be in the form of catalog\\.schema\\.function_name, found: testing\\.tan");
        assertQueryFails(
                "DROP FUNCTION presto.default.sin (double)",
                "Cannot drop function in built-in function namespace: presto\\.default\\.sin");
    }

    @Test
    public void testNestedSqlFunctions()
    {
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.a() RETURNS int RETURN 1");
        assertQueryFails(
                "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.b() RETURNS int RETURN testing.common.a()",
                "Invoking a dynamically registered function in SQL function body is not supported");
    }

    public void testInvalidFunctionName()
    {
        assertQueryFails("SELECT x.y(1)", ".*Functions that are not temporary or builtin must be referenced by 'catalog\\.schema\\.function_name', found: x\\.y");
        assertQueryFails("SELECT x.y.z.w()", ".*Functions that are not temporary or builtin must be referenced by 'catalog\\.schema\\.function_name', found: x\\.y\\.z\\.w");
    }

    @Test
    public void testSqlFunctions()
    {
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.array_append(a array<int>, x int)\n" +
                "RETURNS array<int>\n" +
                "RETURN concat(a, array[x])");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.common.array_append(ARRAY[1, 2, 4], 8)", "SELECT ARRAY[1, 2, 4, 8]");
    }

    @Test
    public void testTemporarySqlFunctions()
    {
        assertQuery(createSessionWithTempFunctionFoo(), "SELECT foo(2)", "SELECT 4");
        assertQuery(createSessionWithTempFunctionFoo(), "SELECT abs(foo(-2))", "SELECT 4");
        assertQuery(createSessionWithTempFunctionFoo(), "SELECT foo(foo(2))", "SELECT 8");
    }

    @Test
    public void testShowTemporaryFunctions()
    {
        MaterializedResult result = computeActual(createSessionWithTempFunctionFoo(), "SHOW FUNCTIONS");
        MaterializedRow row = result.getMaterializedRows().get(result.getMaterializedRows().size() - 1);
        assertEquals(row.getField(0), "foo");
    }

    @Test
    public void testShowCreateTemporaryFunction()
    {
        MaterializedRow result = computeActual(createSessionWithTempFunctionFoo(), "SHOW CREATE FUNCTION foo(bigint)").getMaterializedRows().get(0);
        String createFunctionFooFormatted = "CREATE TEMPORARY FUNCTION foo (\n" +
                "   x bigint\n" +
                ")\n" +
                "RETURNS bigint\n" +
                "COMMENT ''\n" +
                "LANGUAGE SQL\n" +
                "NOT DETERMINISTIC\n" +
                "CALLED ON NULL INPUT\n" +
                "RETURN (x * 2)";
        assertEquals(result.getField(0), createFunctionFooFormatted);
        assertEquals(result.getField(1), "bigint");
    }

    @Test
    public void testShowFunctions()
    {
        MaterializedResult initial = computeActual("SHOW FUNCTIONS");

        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.d() RETURNS int RETURN 1");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.c() RETURNS int RETURN 1");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION example.example.b() RETURNS int RETURN 1");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.a() RETURNS int RETURN 1");
        MaterializedResult expanded = computeActual("SHOW FUNCTIONS");
        int rowCount = expanded.getRowCount();

        assertEquals(rowCount, initial.getRowCount() + 4);
        assertEquals(expanded.getMaterializedRows().subList(0, rowCount - 4), initial.getMaterializedRows());

        List<String> functionNames = expanded.getMaterializedRows().subList(rowCount - 4, rowCount).stream()
                .map(MaterializedRow::getFields)
                .map(list -> list.get(0))
                .map(String.class::cast)
                .collect(toImmutableList());
        assertEquals(functionNames, ImmutableList.of("example.example.b", "testing.common.a", "testing.common.d", "testing.test.c"));
    }

    @Test
    public void testShowFunctionsLike()
    {
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo() RETURNS int RETURN 1");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.bar() RETURNS int RETURN 1");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo_bar() RETURNS int RETURN 1");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.fooobar() RETURNS int RETURN 1");

        // Match function names with prefix foo
        MaterializedResult functionsLike = computeActual("SHOW FUNCTIONS LIKE 'testing.test.foo%'");
        List<String> functionNamesLike = functionsLike.getMaterializedRows().stream()
                .map(MaterializedRow::getFields)
                .map(list -> list.get(0))
                .map(String.class::cast)
                .collect(toImmutableList());
        assertEquals(functionNamesLike, ImmutableList.of("testing.test.foo", "testing.test.foo_bar", "testing.test.fooobar"));

        // Match both "foo_bar" and "fooobar" because '_' is treated as a wildcard, not a literal
        MaterializedResult functionsLikeWithoutEscape = computeActual("SHOW FUNCTIONS LIKE 'testing.test.foo_bar'");
        List<String> functionNamesLikeWithoutEscape = functionsLikeWithoutEscape.getMaterializedRows().stream()
                .map(MaterializedRow::getFields)
                .map(list -> list.get(0))
                .map(String.class::cast)
                .collect(toImmutableList());
        assertEquals(functionNamesLikeWithoutEscape, ImmutableList.of("testing.test.foo_bar", "testing.test.fooobar"));

        // Match "foo_bar" but not "fooobar" because '_' is now escaped
        MaterializedResult functionsLikeWithEscape = computeActual("SHOW FUNCTIONS LIKE 'testing.test.foo$_bar' ESCAPE '$'");
        List<String> functionNamesLikeWithEscape = functionsLikeWithEscape.getMaterializedRows().stream()
                .map(MaterializedRow::getFields)
                .map(list -> list.get(0))
                .map(String.class::cast)
                .collect(toImmutableList());
        assertEquals(functionNamesLikeWithEscape, ImmutableList.of("testing.test.foo_bar"));
    }

    public void testShowCreateFunctions()
    {
        @Language("SQL") String createFunctionInt = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.array_append(a array<int>, x int)\n" +
                "RETURNS array<int>\n" +
                "RETURN concat(a, array[x])";
        @Language("SQL") String createFunctionDouble = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.array_append(a array<double>, x double)\n" +
                "RETURNS array<double>\n" +
                "RETURN concat(a, array[x])";
        @Language("SQL") String createFunctionRand = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.rand()\n" +
                "RETURNS double\n" +
                "RETURN rand()";
        String createFunctionIntFormatted = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.array_append (\n" +
                "   a ARRAY(integer),\n" +
                "   x integer\n" +
                ")\n" +
                "RETURNS ARRAY(integer)\n" +
                "COMMENT ''\n" +
                "LANGUAGE SQL\n" +
                "NOT DETERMINISTIC\n" +
                "CALLED ON NULL INPUT\n" +
                "RETURN \"concat\"(a, ARRAY[x])";
        String createFunctionDoubleFormatted = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.array_append (\n" +
                "   a ARRAY(double),\n" +
                "   x double\n" +
                ")\n" +
                "RETURNS ARRAY(double)\n" +
                "COMMENT ''\n" +
                "LANGUAGE SQL\n" +
                "NOT DETERMINISTIC\n" +
                "CALLED ON NULL INPUT\n" +
                "RETURN \"concat\"(a, ARRAY[x])";
        String createFunctionRandFormatted = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.rand ()\n" +
                "RETURNS double\n" +
                "COMMENT ''\n" +
                "LANGUAGE SQL\n" +
                "NOT DETERMINISTIC\n" +
                "CALLED ON NULL INPUT\n" +
                "RETURN \"rand\"()";
        String parameterTypeInt = "ARRAY(integer), integer";
        String parameterTypeDouble = "ARRAY(double), double";

        assertQuerySucceeds(createFunctionInt);
        assertQuerySucceeds(createFunctionDouble);
        assertQuerySucceeds(createFunctionRand);

        MaterializedResult rows = computeActual("SHOW CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.array_append");
        assertEquals(rows.getRowCount(), 2);
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields(), ImmutableList.of(createFunctionDoubleFormatted, parameterTypeDouble));
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(1).getFields(), ImmutableList.of(createFunctionIntFormatted, parameterTypeInt));

        rows = computeActual("SHOW CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.array_append(array(int), int)");
        assertEquals(rows.getRowCount(), 1);
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields(), ImmutableList.of(createFunctionIntFormatted, parameterTypeInt));

        rows = computeActual("SHOW CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.rand()");
        assertEquals(rows.getMaterializedRows().get(0).getFields(), ImmutableList.of(createFunctionRandFormatted, ""));

        assertQueryFails("SHOW CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.array_append()", "Function not found: testing\\.common\\.array_append\\(\\)");

        assertQueryFails("SHOW CREATE FUNCTION array_agg", "SHOW CREATE FUNCTION is only supported for SQL functions");
        assertQueryFails("SHOW CREATE FUNCTION presto.default.array_agg", "SHOW CREATE FUNCTION is only supported for SQL functions");
    }

    @Test
    void testParameterCaseInsensitive()
    {
        @Language("SQL") String createFunctionInt = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.array_append(input array<int>, x int)\n" +
                "RETURNS array<int>\n" +
                "RETURN concat(inPut, array[x])";
        @Language("SQL") String createFunctionDouble = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.array_append(inPut array<bigint>, x bigint)\n" +
                "RETURNS array<bigint>\n" +
                "RETURN concat(input, array[x])";
        @Language("SQL") String createFunctionArraySum = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.common.array_sum(INPUT array<bigint>)\n" +
                "RETURNS bigint\n" +
                "RETURN reduce(input, 0, (s, x) -> s + x, s -> s)";
        assertQuerySucceeds(createFunctionInt);
        assertQuerySucceeds(createFunctionDouble);
        assertQuerySucceeds(createFunctionArraySum);

        assertQuery("SELECT testing.common.array_append(array[1, 2, 3], 4)", "VALUES array[1, 2, 3, 4]");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.common.array_append(array[bigint'1', bigint'2', bigint'3'], bigint'4')", "VALUES array[1L, 2L, 3L, 4L]");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.common.ARRAY_APPEND(Array, ITEM) FROM (VALUES (array[1, 2, 3], 4), (array[2, 3, 4], 5)) t(array, item)", "VALUES array[1, 2, 3, 4], array[2, 3, 4, 5]");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.common.array_sum(Array) FROM (VALUES (array[1, 2, 3]), (array[4, 5, 6])) t(array)", "VALUES 6L, 15L");
    }

    @Test
    void testLambdaVariableScoping()
    {
        @Language("SQL") String createFunction = "CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.array_sum(x array<int>)\n" +
                "RETURNS int \n" +
                "RETURN reduce(x, 0, (s, x) -> s + x, s -> s)";
        assertQuerySucceeds(createFunction);

        assertQuery("SELECT testing.test.array_sum(array[1, 2, 3])", "VALUES 6L");
    }

    @Test
    void testSqlFunctionsWithLambda()
    {
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.lambda1(x array<int>) RETURNS int RETURN reduce(x, 0, (s, a) -> s + a, s -> s)");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.lambda2(x array<int>) RETURNS int RETURN reduce(x, 0, (s, a) -> if (a > 0, s + a, s), s -> s)");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.lambda3(x array<int>) RETURNS int RETURN reduce(x, 0, (s, a) -> if (a < 0, s + a, s), s -> s)");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.test.lambda1(array_union(x, y)), testing.test.lambda2(array_union(x, y)), testing.test.lambda3(array_union(x, y)) FROM (VALUES (array[3, 5, 0, -4, -7], array[-1, 0, 1])) t(x, y)", "SELECT -3, 9, -12");

        // Test lambda referencing input
        assertQuerySucceeds(
                testSessionBuilder().setSystemProperty("inline_sql_functions", "true").build(),
                "select map_normalize(m) from (values (map(array['a','b','c'], array[1,2,3])), (map(array['x','y'], array[3, 6]))) t(m)");
        assertQuerySucceeds(
                testSessionBuilder().setSystemProperty("inline_sql_functions", "false").build(),
                "select map_normalize(m) from (values (map(array['a','b','c'], array[1,2,3])), (map(array['x','y'], array[3, 6]))) t(m)");
    }

    @Test
    void testThriftRemoteFunction()
    {
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo(x varchar) RETURNS varchar LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.test.foo(a) FROM (VALUES 'abc', 'def') t(a)", "VALUES 'abc', 'def'");
        assertQueryFails("SELECT testing.test.foo(a) FROM (VALUES 1, 2, 3, 4) t(a)", ".*Unexpected parameters \\(integer\\) for function testing\\.test\\.foo\\..*");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo(x integer) RETURNS integer LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.test.foo(cast(testing.test.foo(a) as varchar)) FROM (VALUES 1, 2, 3, 4) t(a)", "VALUES '1', '2', '3', '4'");
        assertQuery("SELECT testing.test.foo(cast(testing.test.foo(a) as varchar)) FROM (VALUES 1, 2, 3, 4) t(a) WHERE testing.test.foo(a) > 2", "VALUES '3', '4'");
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo() RETURNS integer LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL");
        assertQueryFails("SELECT testing.test.foo()", ".*ThriftUdfServiceException\\(GENERIC_INTERNAL_ERROR:0, NON-RETRYABLE\\): No input to echo");
    }

    @Test
    void testUnsupportedRemoteFunctions()
    {
        assertQuerySucceeds("CREATE FUNCTION testing.test.foo(x varchar) RETURNS varchar LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL");
        assertQueryFails("SELECT reduce(a, '', (s, x) -> s || testing.test.foo(x), s -> s) from (VALUES (array['a', 'b'])) t(a)", ".*External functions in Lambda expression is not supported:.*");
    }

    @Test
    void testNestedSqlFunctionsWithLambdas()
    {
        assertQuerySucceeds(
                "WITH tmp AS (\n" +
                "    SELECT\n" +
                "        1 AS id,\n" +
                "        MAP(ARRAY['a', 'b'], ARRAY[3.0, 4.0]) AS hist\n" +
                "\n" +
                "    UNION ALL\n" +
                "\n" +
                "    SELECT\n" +
                "        2 AS id,\n" +
                "        MAP(ARRAY['b', 'c'], ARRAY[4.0, 5.0]) AS hist\n" +
                ")\n" +
                "SELECT\n" +
                "    ARRAY_SUM(\n" +
                "        MAP_VALUES(\n" +
                "            (MAP_NORMALIZE(hist)\n" +
                "        )\n" +
                "    ))\n" +
                "FROM tmp");
    }

    private Session createSessionWithTempFunctionFoo()
    {
        SqlFunctionId bigintSignature = new SqlFunctionId(QualifiedObjectName.valueOf("presto.session.foo"), ImmutableList.of(parseTypeSignature("bigint")));
        SqlInvokedFunction bigintFunction = new SqlInvokedFunction(
                bigintSignature.getFunctionName(),
                ImmutableList.of(new Parameter("x", parseTypeSignature("bigint"))),
                parseTypeSignature("bigint"),
                "",
                RoutineCharacteristics.builder().build(),
                "RETURN x * 2",
                notVersioned());
        return testSessionBuilder()
                .addSessionFunction(bigintSignature, bigintFunction)
                .build();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Some patients may have very severe allergic reactions to Tri-Luma® Cream (fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0.05%) due to the sulfites contained in the product. In some cases, these allergic reactions may result in severe asthma attacks, which can be life threatening.
While you use Tri-Luma® Cream, your skin may develop mild-to-moderate redness, peeling, burning, dryness, or itching.
Tri-Luma® Cream contains a corticosteroid medicine as one of its active components. The following side effects have been reported with application of corticosteroid medicines to the skin: itching, irritation, dryness, infection of the hair follicle, acne, changes in skin color, inflammation around the mouth, allergic skin reaction, skin infection, skin thinning, stretch marks and sweat problems. In addition, Tri-Luma® Cream contains a corticosteroid that may produce reversible effects on the adrenal gland called hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, so tell your doctor if you have any condition that may affect your adrenal function, such as Addison's disease.
Some patients using Tri-Luma® Cream develop dark spots on their skin, tingling, increased skin sensitivity, rash, acne, skin redness caused by a condition called rosacea, skin bumps, blisters, or tiny red lines or blood vessels showing through the skin. Tri-Luma® Cream may also cause a gradual blue-black darkening of your skin; if this happens, stop using the product immediately and speak to your doctor.
If you are concerned about how your skin is reacting to Tri-Luma® Cream, call your doctor.


Sikh Dharma International and the Office of the Secretary of Religion are pleased to offer this course, especially designed for Sikh Dharma Ministers by SS Gurujodha Singh Khalsa. As a sixth-degree black belt, SS Gurujodha Singh has been an instructor of Kenpo Karate for the past 25 years. He has taught martial arts and self-defense at Khalsa Youth Camp and 3HO International Women's Camp.
This course was developed to create spiritual warriors who foster peace in every environment in which they are present. If there is disharmony or violence of thought, word or deed, it is the duty of the Spiritual Warrior to neutralize violence, protect and preserve life and re-establish harmony, balance and peace through their thought, word and action. Such responsiveness requires training and skill. In recognition of the need for Ministers to have a simple but dynamic interactive vehicle to train their minds, bodies and spirits to be agents for peace in the coming age, Walking Tall was developed.
Eight Sessions, 11 minutes each. Viewable online, anytime, anywhere.
Expand and deepen your relationship with yourself, your Dharma, and Shabd Guru!
In this small group tele-course, you will be guided by the facilitators, SS Mata Mandir Kaur and Sat Kaur (Canada), and joined by expert teachers in many areas of the sacred Sikh path. The make-up of the group is diverse and inclusive. We welcome those who are new to the Dharma and may even be of a different faith, those with a longer term relationship with the Dharma, and those who are considering serving as Sikh Ministers. This course also enriches your practice and understanding of Kundalini Yoga and is a perfect complement or follow up to Kundalini Yoga Teacher Training.
What all of the participants have in common is a longing to deepen their experience and understanding of Sikh Dharma, and a commitment to take a spiritual journey, along with the other participants, of transformation and inspiration.


Have a great day of fun activities planned in Singapore and a carefully researched, thoroughly considered list of the most interesting and exciting places to visit? Consider this: you're likely to be hit with a sudden wave of tiredness halfway through the afternoon, and with good reason. Located just north of the equator, Singapore is hot, humid and sunny, and this can spell fatigue for visitors. Fortunately, locals are well equipped to handle the situation and you'll find no shortage of places offering unique treats that will cool you right down.
If you're at a food court, head to the drink and desserts stalls for options both cold and refreshing. You'll find drinks unique to the region, like sugar cane with lemon juice: a sweet, citrusy drink perfect for when you need a mid-afternoon pick-me-up.
As an alternative, give bandung a go for some cold condensed milk with rose syrup. And for a much-needed caffeine boost? Kopi peng (iced coffee) and teh peng (iced tea) are ideal - also feel free to experiment with a number of coffee and tea options.
The desserts section in a food court is an experience in itself. Look for the legendary and Instagram-worthy Ice Kacang, a mountain of shaved ice with colourful sweet syrup, red beans and jelly, and sometimes nuts and sweet corn topped off with condensed milk.
More contemporary versions might include a scoop of ice cream or chocolate syrup to fully satisfy that sweet tooth. If you prefer your Ice Kacang without any of the nuts, beans or seeds, ask for it 'kosong', which mean 'empty'.
Other Asian desserts to try at Singapore food courts are chendol (shaved ice with coconut milk, palm sugar and red beans), cold cheng tng (a sweet soup with ice, barley, lotus seeds and longans), and red ruby (a striking Thai dessert with water chestnut, evaporated milk, ice and a bright pink rose syrup).
Then there's the always-popular mango pudding, usually served chilled on its own or sometimes with a side of vanilla or mango ice cream. Great for a quick, easy perk-me-up just the right amount of sweetness.
Not in the mood to experiment? If it's just ice cream that you're after, at least try the Singaporean version! You'll see ice cream vendors with carts along busy strips like Orchard Road. Venture closer, and you'll discover that it's not your usual way of serving ice cream.
Expect to receive a block of ice cream in your chosen flavour sandwiched between two thin wafers or enclosed in a slice of sweetened, multi-coloured bread. And to really try a uniquely Singapore version, ask for red bean flavoured ice cream.
If you fancy a healthier option than any of the above, don't forget that most Singaporean food courts contain a fresh fruit stall with a wide range of tropical fruit at surprisingly low prices.
Ask for any combination of your favourite fruits to be juiced, or simply buy pieces of fruit and ask them to be cut into small pieces - they'll be served on a platter with ice cubes to keep them cool. A local favourite is the ABC juice: apple, beetroot and carrot. Refreshing and delicious.


text:
#pragma once

#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <folly/dynamic.h>

#include "mcrouter/lib/config/RouteHandleProviderIf.h"

namespace facebook { namespace memcache {

/**
 * Implementation of RouteHandleProviderIf that can create some basic routes
 * like AllInitial, AllSync, Hash, etc.
 */
template <class RouteHandleIf>
class RouteHandleProvider : public RouteHandleProviderIf<RouteHandleIf> {
 public:
  virtual std::vector<std::shared_ptr<RouteHandleIf>>
  create(RouteHandleFactory<RouteHandleIf>& factory, const std::string& type,
         const folly::dynamic& json);

  virtual ~RouteHandleProvider() {};
 protected:

  /**
   * Creates HashRoute by given HashFunc type.
   *
   * @param factory RouteHandleFactory to create children routes.
   * @param funcType type of HashFunc used for this HashRoute.
   * @param json object with HashRoute representation.
   * @param children route handles HashRoute will route to.
   */
  virtual std::shared_ptr<RouteHandleIf>
  createHash(const std::string& funcType,
             const folly::dynamic& json,
             std::vector<std::shared_ptr<RouteHandleIf>> children);

  /**
   * Helper method to parse "hash_func" and create corresponding HashRoute.
   */
  std::shared_ptr<RouteHandleIf>
  makeHash(const folly::dynamic& json,
           std::vector<std::shared_ptr<RouteHandleIf>> children);
};

}} // facebook::memcache

#include "RouteHandleProvider-inl.h"


Wage garnishment is a collection remedy that is usually only, but not always, available after a judgment has first been obtained or at a minimum after you have not responded to a summons and complaint previously served on you several weeks prior. If you have been served with a summons and complaint in a collection lawsuit and/or a judgment has been entered, you are likely also aware that a wage garnishment is headed your way. While most employees will receive notice of the wage garnishment prior to the garnishment taking effect via the next payroll, employers do not always provide prior notice of the upcoming garnishment and availability to claim potential exemptions from garnishment. While a debtor often has advance notice of a wage garnishment, you almost never receive notice of a bank levy until after it has already occurred.
For most people in Minnesota, a wage garnishment means that 25% of your net ("take home") earnings will be garnished each payroll until the underlying debt is paid off. There are exemptions to wage garnishment available to some individuals meeting certain criteria.
Even if you are a self-employed or contract worker, 1099 non-wage income can still be garnished, especially if the garnishing creditor is aware of such income from previous disclosures made to them including in credit applications.
Bankruptcy puts an immediate stop to wage garnishment and all other collection tactics. In some cases, the last 90 days of wages garnished from you can be refunded by the garnishing creditor within weeks after the bankruptcy is filed.
Located in Edina, Minnesota, bankruptcy attorney Lynn Wartchow represents clients in all Chapters of bankruptcy in Minneapolis, St. Paul, Ramsey and Hennepin County, and throughout Minnesota.
Problems with commercial leases of real property are one of most common precursors to a Chapter 11 Business Reorganization bankruptcy filing, at least in this attorney's experience. What a lessee can and cannot do with a problematic commercial lease is something that should be fully considered before a Chapter 11 bankruptcy is filed. It is essential to have careful course of action regarding a commercial lease since timelines are short and monetary obligations come quickly once the Chapter 11 is filed. This article intends to give a comprehensive yet general enumeration of the timelines and lease options under the Bankruptcy Code that a debtor-lessee (i.e., the tenant) can expect with regard to their commercial lease of real property. Note: Leases of personal property have different timelines and requirements than leases of real property.
What has transpired as of the date that a Chapter 11 is filed—also called the 'date of the order for relief'—is determinative of the rights of both the debtor-lessee and the lessor (i.e., the landlord) and what course of action may be undertaken in the Chapter 11 proceeding. If the lease has expired or terminated under its own terms and/or under state law prior to filing the bankruptcy proceeding, the lease is unlikely to be resurrected in the bankruptcy except by agreement with the lessor. While the filing of Chapter 11 bankruptcy may stall an eviction proceeding and generally buys more time for the debtor-lessee to negotiate terms of a lease with its lessor, bankruptcy cannot 'un-ring the bell' of a lease that has already terminated or expired prior to filing. Simply stated, a terminated or expired lease cannot be assumed in the Chapter 11 proceeding except by voluntary agreement with the landlord. Bankruptcy also will not restore the rights of an already evicted tenant.
A pending eviction proceeding does not necessarily imply that the lessor has also terminated the lease or that the lease has already expired and a tenant in midst of an eviction proceeding may nonetheless still have a lease that may be cured and assumed in Chapter 11. This is why it's imperative to know the precise status of the lease—terminated, expired and/or evicted—in order to determine what opportunities may be presented by a Chapter 11 filing. For more information on eviction and Chapter 11, see Chapter 11 Bankruptcy: Can it Stop Eviction under a Commercial Lease?
Assuming the debtor-lessee is operating under a non-terminated and unexpired lease, the Bankruptcy Code requires that once a Chapter 11 is filed all obligations under the commercial lease must be timely performed. Typically this means that as soon as a Chapter 11 is commenced, the next payment of rent is still due and owing on the regular rent due date under the terms of the lease. Some lessors may even push for the balance of the current month's rent to be paid on a prorata basis, and in this case the Chapter 11 debtor will pay the prorated rent due from the file date of the Chapter 11 case to the end of that first month of the bankruptcy proceeding and all subsequent months' rent when those become due. For this reason, a Chapter 11 business debtor should be confident in its ability to pay all normal rent going forward as well as anticipate the timely performance of all other obligations under the lease including any tax payments that may be due after filing Chapter 11 as well as most non-monetary lease obligations.
The Bankruptcy Code specifies that a non-residential real property lease must be either assumed or rejected within 120 days of the Chapter 11 case being filed, with one extension of this deadline available for good cause. Lease assumption is essentially a reaffirmation of all terms of the commercial lease along with whatever changed terms may be negotiated between the parties. Lease assumption requires that the debtor-lessee cure monetary and non-monetary defaults under the lease and provide adequate assurance of future performance. Adequate assurance may take the form a replacement deposit particularly if the former lease deposit has already been set-off by the lessor prior to filing Chapter 11. Generally, the bankruptcy court will approve a lease assumption even over a lessor's objection if the lease is not terminated or expired, a full cure of defaults can be immediately made, additional adequate assurance will be provided if needed, and there is the likelihood that the business can reorganize under Chapter 11.
If a commercial lease is not assumed within 120 days, the lease is deemed rejected under the law and the debtor-lessee must immediately vacate and surrender the property to the lessor. If a lease is rejected, the lessor may also be entitled to rejection and termination damages as claims that can be reorganized.
In addition to the timely payment of post-petition rent, if there has been a default under the lease, that default must be cured at the time the lease is assumed, i.e., 120 days after the case is filed at the earliest. The cure of the pre-petition date default may involve both monetary compensation for unpaid pre-petition rent as well as unpaid real estate taxes due under the lease and sometimes compensation for the lessor's actual expenses such as attorney fees. The cure required upon lease assumption may also mandate the debtor-lessee's actual performance of other, non-monetary defaults under the lease such as operational restrictions and an affirmative responsibility to improve or repair the premises. Note that the act of filing of bankruptcy itself is not an event of default under the law that must be cured even if the lease says otherwise. Such anti-bankruptcy provisions are sometimes called "ipso facto clauses" and are rarely enforceable with the bankruptcy court. Once a commercial lease is assumed, the debtor-lessee's rights under that lease are fully resurrected (except as may be altered by the terms of the lease assumption) including future lease renewal options.
The bottom line: A Chapter 11 business debtor-lessee should fully expect to pay all 'post-petition' rent as it becomes due immediately once a Chapter 11 case is filed. Additionally if the debtor wishes to keep operating the premises under the lease, they also must cure all pre-petition defaults including rental arrears within a short period after filing bankruptcy or otherwise plan to vacate the premises within this same short period of time. While commercial leases are often are renegotiated in the course of a Chapter 11 proceeding with a cooperative landlord, sometimes the most that a debtor-lessee can expect is for Chapter 11 to provide a relatively short window of opportunity to either make good on a defaulted lease or move into another suitable property without the immediate threat of eviction.
You should always consult an attorney regarding your specific rights under your particular circumstances. Lynn Wartchow of Wartchow Law Office is an experienced Chapter 11 attorney with a track record of successful Chapter 11 reorganizations in Minnesota. Contact Wartchow Law for a consultation.


ADA parking and limited free parking available at festival entrance; more free parking space available nearby at the dirt lot on the southwest corner of the park. Please enter from Sierra Street or Coleman Drive and follow signs along San Rafael Drive to the parking lot. Shuttle runs Sunday to Thursday from the dirt lot to the festival entrance every 15 minutes. Shuttle starts at 6:45pm and ends at 9:15pm. Last shuttle leaves the festival at 10:00pm.


There are two types of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children, ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. These are two different conditions that both cause inflammation in the intestines. It is not known what causes either type of IBD, but it does seem to run in certain families, with a 7-22% risk of having IBD if someone else in the family also has it. The peak age of onset of IBD is adolescence and young adulthood (15-25 years). In order to qualify a child claimant must have proper documentation in the form of an x-ray or biopsy.


Our Laser Tube & Pipe Cutting Machine lets you skip many processes to minimize the labor costs and consumables. Compared to conventional pipe cutting, it is 31% more cost-efficient.
The laser generator is maintenance-free, it can be used for 100,000 hours (about 20 years).
The laser cutting machine is 5-10 times faster than conventional pipe cutter, it is 49% more time-efficient.
The laser cutting precision can be controlled up to ±0.05mm.
The laser cutting offers high quality burr-free cutting, no require for end facing.
Previous Why not suggest plate and tube laser cutting machine for tube cutting?


The design challenge within historic buildings is to create a sensitive intervention that meets the needs of modern day requirements. Boex were commissioned to look at new ways to creatively maximize the interior of a Grade Two listed building in the heart of London whilst creating a safe and functional healthcare environment for both children and adults receiving rehabilitation treatment.
Bespoke perforated doors create partition screens to divide the large rooms into smaller focused therapy areas whilst continuing to allow the flow of both people and natural daylight. A combination of custom storage units in pop colours and open shelving in infection-safe materials have been designed to accommodate a range of physiotherapy equipment and meet the needs of daily activities.
Addressing the need for softer lighting whilst preserving original architectural features, the design incorporates suspended task lights, feature wall lights and integrated LEDs that give flexible light levels day and night. Finally, injecting colour in the form of large digitally printed wall graphics by Rose Darling provides a uplifting backdrop for health and recovery.


If you are considering legal advice over a dispute, you need the right advice so that, if possible, the costs of litigation can be avoided. The solicitors that we will introduce you to from Solicitors Near Me UK will take the time to listen to your situation and then advise you on all of your options, from negotiation to litigation. You can then decide what, if anything, you would like to do.
Where Are Our Disputes & Litigation Solicitors?


text:
Ree Drummond
By Ra'eesah Manack
https://news.amomama.com/111871-ree-drummond.html
Who is Ree Drummond?
Ann Marie Drummond, better known as Ree Drummond, is the personality behind the blog: The Pioneer Woman. She used the success of her blog to launch her TV career and to become the host of her own TV show named after her blog.
On the show and the blog, Drummond shares her experiences of daily life on a ranch, and her favorite recipes and kitchen hacks. She has also written cookbooks and appeared on other TV shows. She spends most of her time in her kitchen developing delicious meals.
Early life:
Drummond was born to William Dale Smith and Gerre Schwert. Drummond and her three siblings, two brothers and a sister, were raised in Bartlesville, Oklahoma as Episcopalians. Her parents got divorced, and her dad went on to marry his current wife, Patsy.
Drummond attended and graduated from Bartlesville High School. After she graduated in 1987, she moved to Los Angeles to study Journalism at the University of Southern California.
However, she eventually switched to Gerontology and graduated from college in 1991. She planned to then move to Chicago to study Law but ended up falling in love and changing her plans to get married instead.
In college, Drummond was in the Pi Beta Phi Fraternity for Women.
Drummond started blogging in 2006 with her blog The Pioneer Woman. On the blog, she covered topics about her life living as a cattle rancher's wife and homeschooling her children, and even had a food section with recipes.
All her effort paid off because her fanbase grew and the success of the blog resulted in book deals and a televised appearance in 2010 on the Food Network's "Throwdown! With Bobby Flay."
She earned her cooking stripes when she beat the celebrity chef in the cooking contest.
Drummond's love for blogging formed the foundation for her multi-million dollar business empire. One of her business moves, in 2016, was the opening of her restaurant, retail store, and bakery, called The Pioneer Woman Mercantile.
The Drummonds are currently also investing in a three-story, eight-room hotel near the Mercantile, called The Boarding House. They renovated the building to suit their vision.
As part of Drummond's book deal she has authored a range of different books, including "Black Heels to Tractor Wheels" (2007); "The Pioneer Woman Cooks: Recipes from an Accidental Country Girl" (2009); "The Pioneer Woman Cooks: Food from My Frontier" (2012); and "The Pioneer Woman Cooks: A Year of Holidays: 140 Step-by-Step Recipes for Simple, and Scrumptious Celebrations" (2013). In 2010, Columbia Pictures bought the rights to turn "Black Heels to Tractor Wheels" into a movie.
Personal life:
After ditching her plans to study law in Chicago in favor of love, she and Ladd Drummond wasted no time in tying the knot. The couple married on September 21, 1996.
Meet 'Pioneer Woman' Ree Drummond's Grown-up Daughter Who Inherited All Her Mother's Beauty
Ree Drummond's recommended easy Instant Pot recipes are ideal for a harsh winter
The Pioneer woman's husband threw her an amazing surprise 50th birthday party
They went on honeymoon to Australia before she moved to Ladd Drummond's cattle ranch near Pawhuska, Oklahoma. Together they have four children: Alex, Paige, Bryce, and Todd. Both their daughters have gone to study at university.
"Weirdness makes the world go round!" ~ Ree Drummond
Ree Drummond homeschools her four children
Lives on a cattle ranch, The Drummond Ranch, in her home state of northeast Oklahoma
Runs a blog called Confessions of a Pioneer Woman.
She has a Basset Hound, named Charlie


was founded in 1986 as a stocking distributor of quality hvac, process and combustion flame safeguard controls and accessories. Today we have grown to become a leading supplier to universities, hospitals, school districts, government and private industry.
The key to our success lies primarily in the knowledgeable and long time staff of professionals who take pride in fulfilling the customers needs. A nationwide loyal following of customers proves that the personal assistance they receive with product selection, technical guidance and bottom line pricing is a winning combination.
"Over the past 12 months, all 21 shipments we have received from Associated Controls has had a 100 % on-time delivery rating."
Attached was the Supplier Rating Record which is a required annual Evaluation of Vendors.


"Le Vigne" Barolo is a unique wine created from four different Nebbiolo vineyards, each of which brings its own contribution. This union generates an exceptionally complex wine that is round and harmonious on the palate, with fruity and spicy notes.
Great stuff, combining traditional Barolo flavors-dusty earth, leather, floral notes and cherries-with modern touches, like the supple tannins and hints of hickory smoke. This is a big, powerful wine that manages to be burly without being clumsy, intellectually challenging and complex while still delivering lush fruit. Drinkable now, but better several years from now.
Wonderful aromas of roses, berries and violets follow through to a full-bodied palate, with fine tannins and a pretty, caressing finish of sweet fruit. Pretty wine. Best after 2006. Tasted twice, with consistent notes.


text:
Q: How to check from cloud trail deleted policies? We have one role which has 8 policies attached to it. One policy has been removed by someone, now how to identify when it was removed. How to check from cloud trail?

A: There are two possible event types, depending on if a managed policy or an inline policy has been removed from the role:

*

*DetachRolePolicy for managed policies

*DeleteRolePolicy for inline policies

You can filter the CloudTrail event history by either of these to find and analyze the respective events.
Please note that if you haven't explicitly created a trail in AWS CloudTrail, the events are only retained for 90 days.

A: I got the answer, I can find it in cloudtrail event history.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: how to put white space before and after a character in text field how to put white space before and after a character in text field
eg Text="John"
so i need whit space before and after John

A: You could try this:
SomeField.Text = " " + SomeField.Text + " ";

or using string.Format:
SomeField.Text = string.Format(" {0} ", SomeField.Text);

A: string InputValue = " " + MyTextBox.Text + " ";

A: Using Jquery, you could call this method...
function changeTxtBox(controlID) {
        var oldValue = $(controlID).val();
        var newValue = ' ' + result + ' ';
        $(controlID).val(newValue)
}


Skywatch Friday is a fun meme where a couple hundred people, from all over the world, post pictures of the sky on their personal blogs. Each one of those people has really cool content too, not just pictures. Go to Skywatch and click on any one of the little pictures.
Leave that blogger a comment. Make a friend and see some of the world!
What is in the field? The colours are so beautiful!!
Gorgeous blue skies and what is that in the field?? Such gorgeous colors!! Terrific shot for the day, Tilden! Hope you have a great weekend!
Yah it looks like cranberry or some flowers? So pretty.
Cranberries, right? I once visited a cranberry bog in Carver, Massachusetts. Great clear blue skies.


text:
Lockheed Makes F-16 Fighter Jet Bid More Attractive
By Editor 27-Apr-2018
To further strengthen the fighter jet deal with Indian Air Force, American aerospace major, Lockheed Martin, has offered to provide latest combat jet technologies including a target tracking device aboard the F-16 aircraft to India. Advanced radar fitted on their fifth-generation F-35 combat jets will be offered on the F-16 jets for India. The bid is in addition to Lockheed's earlier offer to shift its lone production line for F-16s from Fort Worth, Texas in the U.S. to India exclusively to produce F-16 Block 70. The F-16 fighter bid is considered one of the world's largest orders from the Indian Air Force.
Vivek Lall, vice president for strategy and business development at Lockheed Martin, has said that the company will offer jets equipped with the advanced radar which is fitted on the F-35, as well as a helmet-mounted tracking system and a new radio data link system. "There are a lot of technologies that come into the F-16 from F-35 and F-22, including the latest radar on these platforms. It is a contemporary, state-of-the-art platform," he said in an interview reported by Bloomberg.
India is seeking proposals for a total 110 aircrafts, totalling a reported minimum of US$15 billion as part of modernising its defence forces. Getting state-of-the-art fighters is crucial for India in the wake rising risks from neighbouring Pakistan and China, especially at a time when India's mainstay Russian MiG jet is being phased out. Lockheed sees huge potential for the company's business in India, plans for which dovetail with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's "Made in India" campaign.
"Lockheed Martin has received the request for information from India for the F-16s to meet its air force requirement. We already see a global rise in the demand for F-16 from the 25 air forces around the world that already fly them. This export potential for the F-16s could be met through the exclusive production line we propose to put up in India," Lall said.


Islamic-Waves.com: Abdullah Rolle : Live Performance at "Journey of Faith Conference" Canada.
Abdullah Rolle : Live Performance at "Journey of Faith Conference" Canada.
London based Nasheed aritist Abdullah Rolle with his new album "The Journey" and nasheed from the "Patience" album. Live performance in Journey of Faith conference in Toronto, Canada 2010.


A mildly curried potato and vegetable soup. Indian cuisine, quick and easy. Package makes 4 cups of soup in 30 minutes.
Substitute 1/2 c. coconut milk for 1/2 c. cream at the end of cooking for lactose free/Thai inspired option.
Nutrition Facts: Serving size: 1/3 cup dry mix Servings per package 4. Amount per serving: Calories 62, Calories from Fat , Total Fat 0g (0%), Cholesterol 0mg (0%), Sodium 502mg (22%), Total Carbohydrate 15g (5%), Dietary Fiber .3g (1%), Sugars 0g, Protein .9g. Not a significant source of calcium,Vitamin A, Vitamin C or iron. Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Gluten free.
Potatoes, broth (maltodextrin, sea salt, autolyzed yeast extract, natural flavor, onion, celery, parsley, spinach, garlic, carrot, potato flour, soybean oil, spices, extractive of spices, lecithin), peas, onion, carrot, peas, peppers, leek, celery, tomato, garlic, spices.


text:
In questa pagina, sono raccolte le informazioni sulle competizioni ufficiali disputate dal LA Galaxy nella stagione 2014.

Rosa

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

2014

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Make yourself at home in one of the 91 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and microwaves. Flat-screen televisions with satellite programming provide entertainment, while complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected. Bathrooms have shower/tub combinations and hair dryers. Conveniences include desks and complimentary newspapers, as well as phones with free local calls.


Thanks to the nature of quick cash loans, you will not have to wait for more than an hour after you submit a loan application through quick cash loans Hamilton Ontario.
With quick cash loans, such as car title loans, you will be able to apply for a loan with nothing more than a fully owned car with a lien free title, a valid driver's license, and proof of permanent residence. These minimal requirements mean that you'll be able to experience a quick and hassle-free application procedure that can get you the loan approval you need in only one hour or less.
When you apply for a car title loan instead of a traditional bank loan, you will not have to worry about unreasonable loan terms and interest rates. You are guaranteed to be able to avail of flexible payment plans, with low interest rates and long loan terms, that will make it easy for you to pay off your loan no matter how low your annual income may be.
When you apply for a car title loan through Canadian Equity Loans, you will never have to worry about getting stuck with payment plans that you simply cannot afford. To apply for a car title loan today, simply call us at our toll-free number 1-844-586-6311 or log on to our website to apply for a car title loan online.


Perfectly Pious? Prayer book? Not really! It's a damask covered address book that hangs from your belt or waist brooch making it convenience to add contact information for all the new people you meet at Costume Balls, Ren faires, SCA events or other festivals.
This girdle book is made of burgundy damask with a diamond design. At each junction of the diamonds, a 3mm pearl has been sewn on the front and back of the cover. The pearls are individually knotted and glued for security.
It has a burgundy ribbon for tying it closed as well as a twisted cord for hanging. The book is approx. 3 x 4 inches and hangs approx. 18" from the belt or girdle.
We ship via USPS Priority Mail with Insurance so you will receive your order in 2-3 days once the package is posted, plus you can track it on-line.
Historical Note: Often members of nobility are seen with small books in their hands or hanging from a girdle in paintings of the Renaissance. Usually these were prayer books or "Books of Hours" and many still exist in museums and private collections. These books were often very ornate, covered with leather or fabric and embellished with embroidery and adorned with gold, silver, pearls and precious gems.


So, for example, an 89 year old woman with a large anterior myocardial infarction has a high risk of dying or developing heart failure or other complications despite state of the art care, whereas a 50 year old man with a small inferior myocardial infarction may do fine even if the care he receives is substandard. In order to tease out the impact of the clinical circumstances, the outcomes have to be adjusted to reflect the baseline severity of the illness in question. The science of risk-adjustment is all about doing that, based on statistical models that predict outcomes based on clinical characteristics. Conceptually straightforward, but tricky to do. Here's where the 3 papers come in.
In The New England Journal of Medicine the authors point out that patients' apparent comorbidities depend not just on the true differences in clinical circumstances, but also on how aggressively physicians look. So, for example, patients who live in areas of the country with more "diagnostic intensity" tend to accumulate more diagnoses and therefore appear to be sicker, even though they are not truly at higher risk for adverse outcomes. They suggest ways in which to "adjust the adjustment" based on regional differences in diagnostic intensity.
Finally, Kronick points out in Health Affairs that these differences in diagnostic and coding intensity have huge financial implications. Insurance companies that offer Medicare Advantage plans get reimbursed by CMS according to the measured "risk score" of each beneficiary. This score is based on a complex formula that takes into account all of the patient's diagnoses. Not surprisingly, these plans have robust programs in place to capture as much data as possible to maximize the risk score. He reports that as a result of this coding intensity, "the average risk score for a Medicare Advantage (MA) enrollees has risen steadily relative to that for fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries, by approximately 1.5% per year." As a result, he estimates that CMS will spend about $200 Billion more over 10 years than it would if the risk scores were the same for MA and FFS Medicare beneficiaries.


14/02/2014�� Best Answer: First you have to click "edit path" on the left side of the screen. Your cursor should look like a plus sign when you roll over frames. Then, click on a frame, or area, that you want to add to path. These will probably be added at the end of the Prezi, but you can click and drag the slides on the right side of the screen to move them around.... A way to remove Prezi Desktop from your computer with Advanced Uninstaller PRO Prezi Desktop is an application by the software company Prezi.com. Frequently, users choose to remove this program. Sometimes this can be difficult because removing this by hand requires some knowledge regarding removing Windows programs manually.
With the Path tool, you can present the elements in your prezi in an order that you set. Creating a path In Edit Mode , zoom out until you see the objects you wish to add to your path.... A way to remove Prezi Desktop from your computer with Advanced Uninstaller PRO Prezi Desktop is an application by the software company Prezi.com. Frequently, users choose to remove this program. Sometimes this can be difficult because removing this by hand requires some knowledge regarding removing Windows programs manually.
In Edit Mode, click Edit Path on the left-hand side of the Prezi Classic editor. Click the blue star symbol at the left of the frame that you want to animate, and the animation wizard will appear. Hover over the object that you want to fade in, and click to apply the fade-in effect.
14/02/2014�� Best Answer: First you have to click "edit path" on the left side of the screen. Your cursor should look like a plus sign when you roll over frames. Then, click on a frame, or area, that you want to add to path. These will probably be added at the end of the Prezi, but you can click and drag the slides on the right side of the screen to move them around.
With the Path tool, you can present the elements in your prezi in an order that you set. Creating a path In Edit Mode , zoom out until you see the objects you wish to add to your path.
The amount of spinning and zooming in your Prezi depends on how you arrange and align your path elements on the canvas, because Prezi looks at your path and decides for itself, the best way to move (�transition�) from path-point to path point.


He swore beneath his breath, and his brows drew down in heavy frowns that were not good to see. She shuddered at what it would be to be in his power forever. How he would play with her and toss her aside! Or kill her, perhaps, when he was tired of her! Her life on the mountain had made her familiar with evil characters.
He came a step nearer, and she felt she was losing ground.
"You must go away at once, and not think of coming back at least until to-morrow night. Go!" With wonderful control she smiled at him, one frantic, brilliant smile; and to her great wonder he drew back. At the door he paused, a softened look upon his face.
"Mayn't I kiss you before I go?"
She shuddered involuntarily, but put out her hands in protest again. "Not to-night!" She shook her head, and tried to smile.