text:
Chapter 57. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Joshua Caballero; Jehan Marino
Caballero J, Marino J. Caballero J, & Marino J Caballero, Joshua, and Jehan Marino.Chapter 57. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. In: Sutton S. Sutton S(Ed.),Ed. S. Scott Sutton.eds. McGraw-Hill's NAPLEX® Review Guide. McGraw-Hill; Accessed January 17, 2021. https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=458&sectionid=41034099
Caballero J, Marino J. Caballero J, & Marino J Caballero, Joshua, and Jehan Marino. (2011). Chapter 57. post-traumatic stress disorder. Sutton S. Sutton S(Ed.),Ed. S. Scott Sutton. McGraw-Hill's NAPLEX® Review Guide. McGraw-Hill. https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=458&sectionid=41034099
Caballero J, Marino J. Caballero J, & Marino J Caballero, Joshua, and Jehan Marino. "Chapter 57. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." McGraw-Hill's NAPLEX® Review Guide Sutton S. Sutton S(Ed.),Ed. S. Scott Sutton. McGraw-Hill, 2011, https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=458&sectionid=41034099.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that develops as a result of emotional or psychological trauma, or physical harm (eg, unwanted sexual act, physical injury). PTSD usually occurs after a tragic event that results in feeling fear, stress, or helplessness.1 PTSD may also develop after experiencing or learning about a life-threatening event such as a war or hurricane.
PTSD accounts for approximately 4% of US mental disorders with women being twice as likely to experience PTSD as compared with men.2,3 The occurrence of PTSD in victims of interpersonal violence and combat veterans is about 25%, and the lifetime prevalence rate ranges from 5% to 10% with a 12 month rate ranging from 2% to 5%.4,5
Intense or repeated traumatic events increase the risk of PTSD. Genetic factors may predispose a person's susceptibility to experience an episode.6 Neurobiologic changes, such as decreased hippocampus size, hypocortisolism, or a hyperactive amygdala, increases the risk.6-8 Additionally, preexisting mental disorders (eg, depression, anxiety), poor socioeconomic or educational status, and substance abuse also enhance the risk of developing PTSD.9,10
The development of PTSD may be due to a dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.6 The HPA axis is responsible for regulating responses to stress. Dysregulation of the HPA axis causes elevated glucocorticoid negative feedback sensitivity of the HPA axis which results in hypocortisolism. Since cortisol is a glucocorticoid that reduces stress, below normal concentrations cause an elevated stress response.6,11
Several neurotransmitters play a role in the pathophysiology of PTSD. The two most common neurotransmitters are serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE). Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine (DA) may indirectly play a role as well. The primary neurotransmitters (ie, 5-HT, NE) are implicated in PTSD in the following way:
Serotonin affects sleep, motor function, impulsivity, and aggression. Patients with PTSD have decreased 5-HT concentrations and neurotransmission which may result in insomnia, abnormal motor function, and aggressive behavior.12,13
Norepinephrine may be involved in regulating fear, arousal, emotional memories, and vigilance. Alpha receptors are auto-receptors which inhibit NE release. Therefore, in PTSD a down regulation of alpha-2 receptors results in increased NE concentrations and overactivity in the noradrenergic system.13
Clinical Presentation
PTSD typically occurs within 3 months after a traumatic event, yet may be deferred until after 6 months or more1 (Table 57-1). After the initial onset, patients may experience three core symptom clusters. The three clusters include reexperiencing the traumatic event, avoidance or numbing symptoms, and hyperarousal symptoms.1,5 Patients with PTSD may suffer from sleep disturbances such as insomnia.14 Additionally, patients may present with general psychiatric distress, poor physical health, and social dysfunctioning....


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Чеслав Янковський (; 9 грудня 1857, Ошмяни — 6 листопада 1929 року, Вільно) — польський поет, критик, публіцист, історик, краєзнавець, громадський діяч.

Дворянського походження. Закінчив гімназію в Митаві (нині Єлгава в Латвії). У 1877 році приїхав до Варшави, де його як початківця віленського поета підтримав А. Е. Одинець. Спілкувався з Ю. І. Крашевським, сином знаменитого польського поета Владиславом Міцкевичем та іншими видатними письменниками та літературними діячами. Навчався у Варшавському університеті (де вивчав російську філологію), пізніше в краківському Ягеллонському університеті вивчав філософію.

У 1905—1907 роках редагував Віленську газету польською мовою «Кур'єр литовський» («Kurier Litewski»), заснував тижневик «Глос польськи» («Głos Polski»; 1907), що пропагував ідеї крайовців. Публікував огляди литовського друку, співпрацював з Петрасом Вілейшісом, Йонасом Яблонскісом. Став одним з ініціаторів спорудження пам'ятника Адаму Міцкевичу у Вільні, установи віленського Товариства друзів науки (Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk).

Навесні 1906-го був обраний членом Державної думи I-го скликання від Віленської губернії.

Після Першої світової війни керував віленським Товариством польських письменників і журналістів. Працював в редакції газети «Слово» («Słowo»).

Примітки

Джерела
 Р. Головин.

Посилання
 Янковський Чеслав

Польські поети
Польські публіцисти
Польські громадські діячі

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The community suggests this could give Google authority to force Twitch into using the Google+ commenting system, a social networking website still notorious to the IGN community of Disqus.
What do you think about this acquisition of Twitch? Let us know in the comment section!


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#RuinedRhythms
Light pollution at night wrecks coral reproductive cycle
Researchers say artificial light further harms coral reefs already endangered by a variety of environmental threats.
By Abigail Klein Leichman	November 16, 2020, 8:29 am
Coral gamete release into the water during the spawning night. Photo by Charlon Ligson
Natural light cycles of sunlight and moonlight are essential for marine organisms, particularly coral reefs, to regulate their physiology, biology and behavior.
A new study led by researchers from Bar-Ilan University in Israel demonstrates how light pollution caused by artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts the reproductive cycle of two coral species already under severe threat.
Coral gametes (sperm and eggs) are released into the water for external fertilization whose success depends on specific natural environmental conditions.
Bundles released after spawning of the coral Acropora millepora. Photo by Charlon Ligson
ALAN from streetlamps, billboards and buildings has a negative effect on these conditions. And it's only getting worse due to the high rate of urban development in marine coastal areas around the world.
For this study, published in the journal Current Biology, researchers collected two coral species, Acropora millepora and Acropora digitifera, from the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Ninety colonies were transferred to the Bolinao Marine Laboratory, located in an area in the Philippines with no light pollution.
Three groups of colonies– two experimental and one control group — were placed in outdoor tanks, exposed to natural sunlight, moonlight and seawater. The experimental groups also were exposed to cold and warm LED lamps from sundown until sunrise.
The results clearly showed that light pollution caused delayed gametogenesis and unsynchronized gamete release in both species.
Mature gametes of non-lit corals ready to spawn. Photo by Charlon Ligson
The study's lead author, Prof. Oren Levy of the Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences at Bar-Ilan, said that only corals exposed to natural light cycles succeeded in spawning synchronization.
He and his team created a first-of-its-kind global map that highlights areas most threatened by ALAN, including the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific and Indian oceans.
One striking example is the Gulf of Aqaba/Eilat in the northern Red Sea, where considerable urban lighting is present close to shore. Here, the least affected area is 47% brighter than a natural night sky, and the most affected areas are 60 times brighter.
The scientists concluded that ALAN must be considered in conservation plans for coral reefs near areas of human activity. Levy hopes to determine whether some corals adapt better to light pollution and, if so, what mechanism underlies their resilience.
Light pollution specialists Christopher Kyba and Helga Kuechly from the German Research Centre for Geosciences participated in the study along with researchers from the Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Tel Aviv University and the Marine Science Institute at the University of the Philippines.
Read more on: News, Environment, artificial light, corals, Bar-Ilan University

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Thomas and Friends is a long-running animated children's classic that has been loved and respected for generations. What began as a live-action show with real train models evolved into a 3D CGI animated series, captivating a whole new audience.
Thomas and his friends teach children important life lessons, encouraging children to play, learn, and grow with the cast.


Reojia is much more than a restaurant its an experience of the mind, body and soul. To ensure that you receive a unique experience, we have broken down and simplified the cuisine of Chinese and Mexican cooking to its purest form.
Stren Pipkin: I am finally settling into the San Fran scene and currently interviewing for my next position.
I hold a 4 yr BA in Graphic design from Western Washington University with a minor in Sustainable design and a two year emphasis in Industrial design.
I like that the objects are related to old style life like old type of papers and food menu.
I like the first picture of this page because it looks natural but at the same time, it looks artistic.
Colors of objects are similar in pictures but they have nice hue.
I feel like I saw business office because of the papers.


Conspiracy Girl by Sarah Alderson - I'm a big fan of Sarah Alderson, and this book sounds awesome, so I'm really looking forward to reading this!
All the Bright Places by Jennifer Nevin - I've already started reading this one, and it's SO GOOD! Isn't it such a cute cover? I love it! And the whole premise, considering it's based somewhat on the author's own experience... just really gets to me, in a good way. A YA 2015 debut about mental illness, so a diverse book.
The Last Leaves Falling by Sarah Benway - I heard such great things about this from Jim of YA Yeah Yeah, and it sounds really good! And a diverse story! Really looking forward to reading it! 2015 UKYA debut, too!
The Bell Between Worlds by Ian Johnstone - This was an unsolicited review copy, and I'm not too sure about it. It sounds like it could be good, but also like it will be something I have to be in the mood for. This also looks like it's a 2015 UKYA debut, as well.
Hunt by Rachel Vincent - As Rachel Vincent's first book in the Wildcats series - a companion series to the Shifters series - Lion's Share is being released this year, I thought I would catch up on this short story that leads into the series. I loved the Shifters series, so I'm really intrigued by this new series! It's more focussed on romance rather than action though, so I'm not sure whether I'll like it as much. We'll see, fingers crossed!
Thank you to Simon and Schuster Children's Books, Penguin, Random House and Harper Collins for the review copies.
I reviewed 2 books this week. Beautiful Music for Ugly Children by Kirstin Cronn-Mills was a really awesome story, at times difficult to read, but overall uplifting and hopeful. A wonderful LGBTQ YA novel. Let's Get Lost by Adi Alsaid is a really sweet story! A little nicey nicey, but really made me think!
This week's Top Ten Tuesdays was a freebie, so I looked over ten of my favourite posts from my A Novel Cover Up feature.
Speaking of, I also posted my first post for A Novel Cover Up in a long time. Cover Designer Emma Byrne at O'Brien Press discussed the process that brought us the cover for Finding a Voice by Kim Hood.
I posted a discussion about Why the UKYA Blogging Community is So Awesome.
Stardust is one of my favourite Gaiman books, so that was definitely the best choice you could have made. I also made the same choice even though I'd already read the book because none of the others interest me and it's always good to have an ebook copy of one of your favourite books ever!
YAY FOR THE PERSONALIED PROOF OF SIMON!! I'll be getting one as well! SO HAPPY AND EXCITED FOR IT.
And oooh, I'm glad you're reading and liking All the Bright Places! And ahhh I want to read The Last Leaves Falling! IT SOUNDS SO HEARTBREAKING TOO.
Oh, that's good to hear! I do hope I enjoy Stardust. I thought the movie was a bit busy, really.
OH MY GOD, YES! Yaaaay for a personalised Simon proof! How cool is that? I just love it! So excited to read it!
All the Bright Places = AMAZING! HEARTBREAKING! INCREDIBLE!


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Edelkrone's FocusOne Pro is a unique take on the traditional follow focus system, giving camera operators a better view of the focus marker. Unlike other systems, the focus marker on the FocusOne Pro faces the camera operator. The marker is manually adjustable, eliminating the need for a pen. The operator simply rotates the marker point to its desired location. While the unique location of the marker point is the highlight of the system, there are a few other features worth mentioning. It is compatible with all 15mm rods, however a separate adapter is available for 19mm rods. Reverse gear is included making the system compatible with either Canon or Nikon lenses which have different directions of focus. It can be attached to either side of the lens and is compatible with all DSLR lenses. While the system can be attached directly to lenses with teeth, lens gears are available separately for those without teeth. This looks like an interesting choice for shooters who want to be able to see their focus marker at all times.
Canon 5D Mark IV: Canon's 4K Full Frame Camera Around the Corner?
It's been three years since the Canon 5D Mark III was released, and recently it's seen some price cuts. So naturally, rumors about a possible 5D Mark IV are ramping up, with many speculating that it could be a 4K camera. The rumors were first reported at CanonWatch. Here's a quick look at these rumored specs: 24MP sensor Dual Pixel CMOS AF III New and more advanced AF system (compared to EOS 5D3) 4k video Anti-flickr technology (seen first on the 7D Mark II) Improved video features Crop mode (featured on the upcoming EOS 5Ds) ISO 100-51200 (H1: 102400, H2: 204800) It's hard to believe it's been almost 7 years since the 5D Mark II changed indie film as we know it. Canon made some significant advancements with the Mark III, so it's only natural to expect them to raise the bar again. Each camera that comes out these days has it's pros and cons. We're probably never going to have the perfect camera with the perfect specs at the perfect price point. But it's amazing to see how much the manufacturers have improved these cameras since the DSLR revolution began. And if these early rumors about the Canon 5D Mark IV turn out to be accurate then we could end up with Canon's long awaited answer to the hot selling Sony A7S, an affordable full frame camera that shoots 4K. With NAB just a few weeks away, might we expect some sort of announcement? It's all rumors for now, but we'll keep you updated with the latest news.
Nikon Announces New D5100 HDSLR Camera. Under 1K.
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text:
Meet The VP
Financial Aid Staff
204 East Seminary Street
Greencastle, IN 46135
E: admission@depauw.edu
Sam Schmelzer '18
Admission Counselor
After graduating as part of DePauw's class of 2018, Sam spent a year traveling the country as a Leadership Consultant for Delta Upsilon International Fraternity. In July of 2019, Sam returned to DePauw to join the Admissions Team. A native of Dublin, Ohio and graduate of St. Charles Preparatory School, Sam looked at schools throughout the Midwest and Southeast and ultimately realized that a small liberal arts institution was exactly what he wanted for his college experience.
After meeting a DePauw admissions counselor in the fall of his senior year, he decided to make a trip to campus, where he quickly fell in love with DePauw's picturesque campus, small class sizes, leadership opportunities, and experiential learning outlets. As a student, Sam was an English Writing and History double major and French minor. Outside the classroom, Sam was a member of Delta Upsilon Fraternity, the founder and president of DePauw's club golf team, the president of Phi Alpha Theta Historical Honor Society, and a student DJ at The Fluttering Duck. His fondest memories as a student consisted of hanging out with his DU brothers, forming and running a club sports team, and playing music for students on campus on "Wells Wednesday".
As a counselor, Sam is excited about showing future students the DePauw difference, seeing even more regions of the country, and making an impact in the lives of future Tigers. Outside of work, you might find Sam on the golf course working on his game, in the gym, or locked into his laptop working on his latest story or DJ mix.
DePauw University, '18, Bachelor of Arts: Majors, English (Writing) and History; Minor, French


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Павел Семёнович Маштако́в () — участник Великой Отечественной войны, командир 76-мм орудия 146-го гвардейского артиллерийского миномётного полка 14-й гвардейской кавалерийской дивизии 7-го гвардейского кавалерийского корпуса 1-го Белорусского фронта, гвардии старший сержант. Герой Советского Союза (1945).

Биография
Павел Семёнович Маштаков родился 19 мая 1920 года в деревне Большое Высоково в семье крестьянина. По национальности — русский. В 1936 году окончил семилетку. Переехав к родственникам в Ковров, поступил в школу фабрично-заводского ученичества. Окончил два курса.

В 1940 году был призван в РККА и направлен в артиллерию.

Великая Отечественная война
Когда началась война, Маштаков находился в Закавказье. Его артполк охранял границы с Турцией и Ираном. Окончил полковую школу и осенью 1941 был направлен на фронт командиром орудия. Боевое крещение получил в боях под Таганрогом на реке Миус. В ноябре 1941 во время поединка с немецкими танками подбил две машины врага, но был ранен. После госпиталя его направили в 146-й гвардейский артиллерийско-миномётный полк. Принимал участие в боях под Сталинградом, в форсировании Днепра и Десны, в освобождении Белоруссии. Одним из первых вышел к госгранице СССР, за что получил орден Красного Знамени. Отличился в боях в Польше. В январе 1945 в бою за Клайнитц, оставшись у пушки один, отбил несколько танковых атак, помог штабу полка вырваться из окружения. За это 24 марта 1945 года ему было присвоено звание Героя Советского Союза. Участвовал в битве за Берлин.

После войны
19 мая 1945 года вместе с гвардии старшиной Папышевым и знаменосцем Шкирёвым на аэродроме имени Фрунзе он встречал Знамя Победы, водружённое 2 мая 1945 года на Рейхстаг. Участвовал в Параде Победы 24 июня 1945 года.

В мае 1946 году был демобилизован и приехал во Владимир. В 1949 году окончил Владимирский энергомеханический техникум. 34 года проработал на производственном объединении «Техника». В 1986 году ушёл на пенсию. Активно участвовал в военно-патриотической работе. Был одним из членов областного Совета ветеранов.

Был последним Героем Советского Союза, проживавшим во Владимире.

Ушёл из жизни 9 августа 2012 года, похоронен на аллее Героев на кладбище Улыбышево.

Память
 В Коврове на Аллее Героев ему установлен обелиск, во Владимире — барельеф. Также его имя увековечено на мемориале героев-ивановцев.
 Мемориальная доска в память о Маштакове установлена Российским военно-историческим обществом на школе села Вознесенье, где он учился.

Награды и звания
 Герой Советского Союза (24.01.1945);
 орден Ленина (24.01.1945);
 орден Красного Знамени;
 орден Отечественной войны 1-й степени;
 орден Отечественной войны 2-й степени;
 орден Красной Звезды;
 медали, в том числе:
 «За боевые заслуги»;
 Почётный гражданин города Владимир (2005 год)
 Почётный гражданин города Коврова (2012 год).

Примечания

Ссылки

 Павел Семенович Маштаков — Ковровские вести.

Артиллеристы Великой Отечественной войны
Участники Парада Победы
Члены КПСС
Почётные граждане Владимира
Почётные граждане Коврова
Похороненные на кладбище «Улыбышево»


text:
Mirai může znamenat:

Mirai (malware), malware zacílený na Linux
Mirai (software), software pro 3D tvorbu a úpravy
Mirai (hudební skupina), česká hudební skupina
Mirai Navrátil, český zpěvák, frontman skupiny Mirai


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Weekend Roundup: Things to Do This Weekend in the High Country; Check 'em Out, Make Plans May 9-11
Published: Friday, May 9, 2014 at 3:40 pm
May 9, 2014. The High Country has so many exciting events to offer its community and visitors. Check our site every Friday for something new and exciting to look forward to while you're watching the hour hand crawl to 5 o'clock. Find live music down the street, explore a nearby town's local secrets or try out a new square dancing class. There's always something fun to do in the High Country.
Weekend-Long Events
Check out this week's movie trailers and our weekly movie review of The Amazing Spider-Man 2, click here.
ASU Commencement Ceremonies: Appalachian State University will hold the 2014 Spring Commencement Ceremonies this weekend, May 9-11. The date and time of the graduation ceremonies are based on the graduating student's college. For those attending the graduation ceremonies this weekend, the office of the registrar suggests parking 45 minutes before the ceremony starts to ensure that you get to the commencement on time. For more information, click here.
Concert: The Walker Center on the campus of Wilkes Community College wraps up its 2013-2014 season with "1964…The Tribute" on Friday, May 9 at 8 p.m. This performance is sponsored by Wells Fargo. Since the early eighties, "1964″ has been thrilling audiences around the globe by taking them on a journey through a quintessential moment in history that will live forever. Be a part of the journey on Friday, May 9 at the Walker Center. Sing along to favorite Beatles' hits like "Yellow Submarine," "Let It Be," "Hey Jude," "Help!" "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds," "Day Tripper," "I Want to Hold Your Hand" and "Penny Lane." More than 20 years of researching and performing have made "1964″ masters of thier craft. They are hailed by critics and fans alike as the most authentic and endearing Beatles tribute, which has earned them the distinction from Rolling Stone Magazine as the "Best Beatles Tribute on Earth." A limited number of tickets are available for this performance. For more information or to purchase tickets, contact the Walker Center Box Office at 336-838-6260 or [email protected]
Adult Services Expo: This 12th Annual Adult Services Coalition EXPO will feature over 50 agencies that will be on hand to give out information regarding services available in our community.This event is sponsored by the Adult Services Coalition of Watauga County. At noon, "Celebration of Living Awards" will be presented and these will include "Caregiver of the Year", "Centurion of the Year","Facility Resident of the Year","Individual of the Year" and "volunteer of the Year".Live entertainment will be presented after the Award presentations and door prizes will be awarded during this event.For more information, please contact Project on Aging at 265-8090. Please plan to drop by on the 9th.
Wilkesboro's Weekly Open Air Market: The Open Air Market is scheduled May 2 through September 19, 2014 on a weekly basis. The regular market is open every Friday from 4:00-8:00 pm. The vendor selling are farmers with locally grown fruits, vegetables, plants and local art & craft vendors, baked goods, plus many other vendors. This market will take place in the town owned parking lot across from the 50's Restaurant and Royall's Framing on Main Street in downtown Wilkesboro.
Whispering Waters Gathering: This is new group forming that will be exploring various forms of walking and sitting meditation, Buddhist and other contemplative texts, kirtan (chanting) and group discussion. A different person will lead each session as they feel comfortable doing so.
Watauga Arts Council Second Saturday: The Watauga Arts Council will host the May installment of the Second Saturday Arts Celebration at the Blue Ridge ArtSpace located at 377 Shadowline Drive in Boone. The event will take place on Saturday, May 10 from 5:30-7:30 p.m. For more information, click here.
Appalachian RollerGirls Bout: On Saturday, May 10, the Appalachian RollerGirls will take on the Rogue Rollergirls of Fayetteville at Skateland USA in Hickory. The game kicks off at 2 p.m. and will feature a halftime performance by acclaimed jam skating group "Cool Rollings." For more information, click here.
Mr. Watauga High School Pageant: The glitz, the glamour, the excitement! For almost 15 years, Watauga High School has held the annual Mr. WHS pageant to raise funds for those in need, and this year is no different. Mr. Watauga High School, presented by the Watauga High School Student Council, will be held on Saturday, May 10 at 7 p.m. For more information click here.
Watauga Humane Society Fundraiser: The Watauga Humane Society will hold its fourth annual Perennial, Herb and Seed Sale on Saturday, May 10 from 8 a.m.-12 p.m. in the parking lot of Precision Printing located at 1302 Blowing Rock Rd. in Boone. All plants come from well-established gardens of SNIPS (Spay, Neuter Is a Positive Solution) committee members and will be priced from $.50 to $5. All proceeds from this sale will fund the $15 spay-neuter special now being offered by the Humane Society. For more information click here.
Singalong Master Class: Join Will & Ann Schmid for a Singalong Master Class on Saturday, May 10th, and rediscover the importance of singing in our lives, communities, schools and churches. As president of NAfME (MENC, '94-96), Will created the original "Get America Singing . . . Again!" campaign which involved Pete Seeger as national honorary chair. Author of numerous publications for guitar, choir, general music and world drumming, Will has championed active music making throughout his life. His wife, Ann, was founder/director of the nationally known Stringalong Weekends (amateur folk music retreats) for 30 years. Will & Ann have given workshops and performed widely in the U.S. and beyond.
Watauga County Farmers Market: Join us for the 40th anniversary season of Watauga County Farmers' Market! The farmers' market has been Boone's Town Square since 1974.
Ashe County Farmers Market: We will have everything from fresh produce and meats to plants and crafts all under one roof!
Hickory Ridge Living History Museum: Hickory Ridge Living History Museum, located on the grounds of "Horn in the West," is an eighteenth-century living history museum highlighting the daily lives of our mountain ancestors. See live demonstrations of a various pioneer skills, such as hearthside cooking, flintlock rifle, blacksmithing, spinning and weaving, etc. Open Saturday mornings, May – October (during Farmers Market on site), and evenings before "Horn in the West," Tues. – Sun., late-June through mid-August. Admission to the museum is by donation. Don't miss our 4th annual Boone Heritage Festival on Saturday, October 11, 2014!
Elk Knob Volunteer Trail Work Day: Warmer weather has finally returned along with the Volunteer Trail Work Days at Elk Knob State Park. Every Saturday beginning April 5 and running through the middle of November (except June 28 and September 13), staff and volunteers will meet at the Summit Trailhead at 9 am and work until approximately 3:30 pm, weather permitting. Tools are provided but volunteers should wear close-toed shoes and bring work gloves, lunch and water. Most of the time will be spent building our new one mile loop trail, the Beech Tree Trail, although we may include some repair work on the Summit Trail. If you would like to be involved in a fulfilling project that will fill you with a well-deserved sense of pride, then join us on Saturdays at Elk Knob State Park. For more information please call 828-297-7261.
The Mountain Classic: On Saturday, May 10 starting at 9 a.m., The Mountain Classic, sponsored by the Paul H. Broyhill Wellness Center, will be the first Boone Duathlon combining a 250 yard swim and 5K run. The Duathlon starts at the Broyhill Wellness Center swimming pool located at 232 Boone Heights Dr, Boone.
Wildflower Hike: Join a Park Ranger for a woodland walk among Southern Appalachia's forest gems: wildflowers and song birds. Spring wildflowers are blooming in abundance and the Neo-tropical wood warblers have returned to their summer nesting grounds. Field guides and binoculars are encouraged and will enhance the experience. Participants should be prepared to hike a two mile round trip along a moderately strenuous trail. Trail conditions will vary depending on weather but all participants should wear hiking boots and bring a light jacket. Please contact the park office if you have further questions. 828-963-9522
Adoption Event: Join us at The Pet Place for pet adoptions through Avery Humane Society. We are hosting a food drive in partnership with Precise Food, will have specials throughout the store, give aways and more!
Wildflower Hike at Grandfather Mountain State Park: The popular weekly spring wildflower hikes in Grandfather Mountain State Park are back! Hopefully spring will be along soon! The rich, humid coves of the lower Profile Trail will soon be lush with herbaceous spring wildflowers and each week provides new blooms, buds or emerging leaves to discover. Park Rangers Sue McBean and Luke Appling are ready to get out on the trails and start leading excursions to see what is blooming.
SHINE Dance Performance: SHINE Dance Ensemble presents a trilogy of works in one evening: For His Envy, In The Beginning, and The Great Day. Join us Saturday, May 10th at 6:30pm at the Ashe Civic center for the unfolding of God's redemptive plan from the Creation of the world through the Revelation imparted to John. Contemporary dance, martial arts, beautiful costuming, banners, swords and more bring this multimedia production to life. Admission is free, a love offering will be gratefully received.
Mountain City Farmers Market: The main work of the Johnson County Farmers Market is to help strengthen a sustainable local agricultural and food economy. We do this by providing education, engaging in community and economic development, and promoting the availability and benefits of local food and agriculture.
Baha'i Devotional Meeting: There will be a Baha'i devotional meeting from 10 a.m. until noon on Sunday, May 11 at 297 Cherry Drive in Boone. The theme of the meeting will be "Creating Living Families." All are welcome. For directions and more information call 828-264-2297.
Wildflowers at Elk Knob State Park: Come view a PowerPoint of the many different flowers that call the mountains home. After the presentation, we will wander around the woods to see what we can find in bloom early in the season. Please meet at the Park Office at 2 pm.
Blowing Rock Jazz Society: Blowing Rock Jazz Society presents concerts every 2nd Sunday from April thru October at the Meadowbrook Inn. Please call 828.295.4300 to make reservations.
Business Spotlight: Gamekeeper Restaurant Opens After Two-Month Hiatus, An Experience that is Elegant, Unpretentious, Exotic and Local – All at the Same Time
Rare Azaleas in Bloom on Grandfather Mountain


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Abd Ur Razak - The Reluctant Ambassador at Kalikot
Another Jewish Trader – Allan Bin Hassun
Posted by Maddy Labels: Malabar Pre 15th Century
Kamalludin Abudur Razzak (1413-1482), son of Jalaludin Ishak of Samarkhand was a man used to fine court life, but proved to be a bad traveler and not much of an emissary. His travelogue, promised to be filled with minutest detail, is an interesting book, strewn with poetic verses, which I suppose Razaaq believed were objects of wisdom that would provide guidance to the future reader.
Born 8 years after the death of Timor in Heart, he was the son of the widely traveled Qazi, of Samarkhand, and entered court life in 1437. Here he worked for various sultans of Khurasan such as Timor's son the great Emperor Mirza Shahrukh. Apparently by late 1430, an invitation was accorded by the Zamorin of Calicut to Emperor Sharukh for an emissary to visit Malabar in order to improve commerce.
Note here in perspective that a century earlier, Ibn Batuta had visited Calicut and certified it as safe haven for merchants.
The choice of emissary befell the young Razzak who had been in the court's employ for four years. The travel to the southerly parts of Hindustan proved to be no fun for the reluctant emissary who would probably have expected lavish receptions and plenty of gifts befitting an emissary of his stature. During the trip, he was frequently ill and complained bitterly of having been sent into these dark lands. Sanjay Subramaniam in his book listed under references, opines that the desire of Shahrukh to create a larger web of semi formal and suzerain relations going beyond the domains of Khorasan was the reason for the deputation of an emissary. It was not as many others said, and Abdur Razzaq based his trip on the premise that the Zamorin might convert to Islam if an appropriate ambassador was sent to Calicut by the great Emperor.
And thus Abdur Razak ibn Ishaq Samarkhandi started out on a journey that lasted three years between January 1442 to January 1445. I will take it up from his arrival in Calicut.
Quoting RH Major's translations - The port at which he arrives is Calicut, where he speaks in terms of commendation of the honesty of the people, and the facilities of commerce. He does not, however, equally admire the persons of the natives, who seem to him to resemble devils rather than men. These devils were all black and naked, having only a piece of cloth tied round their middle, and holding in one hand a shining javelin, and in the other a buckler of bullock's hide. On being presented to the Sameri or King, whom he found, in a similar state of nudity, in a hall adorned with paintings, and surrounded by two or three thousand attendants, he delivered his presents, which consisted of a horse richly caparisoned, an embroidered pelisse, and a cap of ceremony. These did not seem to excite any warm admiration from the prince, and it is not impossible that, as the ambassador looked with considerable dislike on the people in spite of his commendations of their worthiness of conduct, his own manner may not have been remarkable for amiability. His stay at Calicut he describes as extremely painful, and in the midst of his trouble he has a vision, in which he sees his sovereign Shah Rukh, who assures him of deliverance. On the very next day, a message arrives from the King of Vijayanagar, with a request that the Mohammedan ambassador might be permitted to repair to his court. The request of so powerful a prince was not refused, and Abd-er-Razzak left Calicut with feelings of great delight.
At the beginning of November that year he arrived at Calicut after an 18 day voyage from Homrouz, where he had resided till the beginning of April 1443. Abul Razzaq now takes up the event in his own words
Calicut is a perfectly secure harbour, which, like that of Ormuz, brings together merchants from every city and from every country; in it are to be found abundance of precious articles brought thither from maritime countries, and especially from Abyssinia, Zirbad, and Zanguebar ; from time to time ships arrive there from the shores of the House of God and other parts of the Hedjaz, and abide at will, for a greater or longer space, in this harbour ; the town is inhabited by Infidels, and situated on a hostile shore. It contains a considerable number of Mussulmauns, who are constant residents, and have built two mosques, in which they meet every Friday to offer up prayer. They have one Kadi, a priest, and for the most part they belong to the sect of Schafei. Security and justice are so firmly established in this city, that the most wealthy merchants bring thither from maritime countries considerable cargoes, which they unload, and unhesitatingly send into the markets and the bazaars, without thinking in the meantime of any necessity of checking the account or of keeping watch over the goods. The officers of the custom-house take upon themselves the charge of looking after the merchandise, over which they keep watch day and night. When a sale is effected, they levy a duty on the goods of one fortieth part; if they are not sold, they make no charge on them whatsoever.
Razzaq makes a comparison here to other ports of India which augers well with the fear that Allan Ben Hassun had when his ship was driven into the Quilon shores, for he feared plunder & death (See my earlier blog). Razzaq was also at the original Mitqual mosque in Calicut before it was burnt down by the Portuguese.
In other ports a strange practice is adopted. When a vessel sets sail for a certain point, and suddenly is driven by a decree of Divine Providence into another roadstead, the inhabitants, under the pretext that the wind has driven it there, plunder the ship. But at Calicut, every ship, whatever place it may come from, or wherever it may be bound, when it puts into this port is treated like other vessels, and has no trouble of any kind to put up with.
Razzaq then details the gifts that have been sent to the Zamorin. Major as you saw felt that it was too cheap coming from a great emperor like Shahrukh. Now you can imagine why the Zamorin was furious with Vasco De Gama for the miniscule gifts they had brought from Portugual.
His majesty, the happy Khakan, had sent as a present for the prince of Calicut, some horses, some pelisses, some robes of cloth of gold, and some caps, similar to those distributed at the time of the Nawroz; (New year day in Persia) and the motive which had induced him to do so was as follows.
Some ambassadors deputed by this monarch, returning from Bengal in company with ambassadors of the latter country, having been obliged to put into Calicut, the description which they gave of the greatness and power of the Khakan reached the ears of the sovereign of that city. He learned from authentic testimony, that the kings of all the habitable globe, of the East as well as of the West, of the land and of the sea, had sent rival ambassadors and messages, showing that they regarded the august court of that monarch as the Kiblah, to which they should pay their homage, — as the Kabah, the object to which they should direct their aspirations.
Then Razzaq mentions about the power and influence of the Emperor Sharukh and his involvement of the emperor in ensuring that the King of Bengal and Jounpur did not go to war. It appears that the Zamorin had heard about this and so wanted to pay obeisance to the Emperor Shahrukh (A bit fanciful here, but let us leave it as such)
Razzaq states - As soon as the sovereign of Calicut was informed of these occurrences, he prepared some presents, consisting of objects of value of different kinds, and sent an ambassador charged with a despatch, in which he said : " In this port, on every Friday and every solemn feast day, the Khotbah is celebrated, according to the prescribed rule of Islamism. With your majesty's permission, these prayers shall be adorned and honoured by the addition of your name and of your illustrious titles.
These deputies, setting out in company with the ambassadors from Bengal, reached the noble court of the emperor, and the Emirs laid before that monarch the letter and the presents by which it was accompanied. The messenger was a Mussulmaun, distinguished for his eloquence ; in the course of his address he said to the prince, " If your majesty will be pleased to favour my master, by despatching an ambassador sent especially to him, and who, in literal pursuance of the precept expressed in that verse, ' By thy wisdom and by thy good counsels engage men to enter on the ways of thy Lord, shall invite that prince to embrace the religion of Islamism, and draw from his beclouded heart the bolt of darkness and error, and cause the flame of the light of faith, and the brightness of the sun of knowledge to shine into the window of his heart, it will be, beyond all doubt, a perfectly righteous and meritorious deed."
The emperor acceded to this request, and gave instructions to the Emirs that the ambassador should make his preparations for setting out on his journey. The choice fell upon the humble author of this work. Certain individuals, however, hazarded their denunciations against his success, imagining in their own minds that it was likely he would never return from so long a voyage. He arrived, nevertheless, in good health after three years of absence, and by that time his calumniators were no longer in the land of the living.
We also know that Razzaq was used to high life and proved to be a terrible racist. Here he continues thus..
As soon as I landed at Calicut I saw beings such as my imagination had never depicted the like of. Extraordinary beings, who are neither men nor devils, At sight of whom the mind takes alarm; If I were to see such in my dreams , My heart would be in a tremble for many years.
I assume he saw a Velichappad , the oracle, divine dancer or light revealer
I have had love passages with a beauty, whose face was like the moon; but I could never fall in love with a negress (ill proportioned black thing in certain other translations).
Describing the indigenous population, probably not meeting or seeing not the fairer people, he states
The blacks of this country have the body nearly naked; they wear only bandages round the middle, called lankoutahy which descend from the navel to above the knee. In one hand they hold an Indian poignard (Actually written as Katarah or dagger), which has the brilliance of a drop of water, and in the other a buckler of ox-hide (Leather shield), which might be taken for a piece of mist. This costume is common to the king and to the beggar. As to the Mussulmauns, they dress themselves in magnificent apparel after the manner of the Arabs, and manifest luxury in every particular.
Here I assume he means the Pardesi Arabs, not the Moplah's
After I had had an opportunity of seeing a considerable number of Mussulmauns and Infidels, I had a comfortable lodging assigned to me, and after the lapse of three days was conducted to an audience with the king. I saw a man with his body naked, like the rest of the Hindus. The sovereign of this city bears the title of Sameri. When he dies it is his sister's son who succeeds him, and his inheritance does not belong to his son, or his brother, or any other of his relations. No one reaches the throne by means of the strong hand.
The Infidels are divided into a great number of classes, such as the Brahmins, the Djoghis, and others. Although they are all agreed upon the fundamental principles of polytheism and idolatry, each sect has its peculiar customs.
Amongst them there is a class of men, with whom it is the practice for one woman to have a great number of husbands, each of whom undertakes a special duty and fulfils it. The hours of the day and of the night are divided between them; each of them for a certain period takes up his abode in the house, and while he remains there no other is allowed to enter. The Sameri belongs to this sect.
When I obtained my audience of this prince, the hall was filled with two or three thousand Hindus, who wore the costume above described; the principal personages amongst the Mussulmauns were also present. After they had made me take a seat, the letter of his majesty, the happy Khakan, was read, and they caused to pass in procession before the throne, the horse, the pelisse, the garment of cloth of gold, and the cap to be worn at the ceremony of Nauruz. The Sameri showed me but little consideration. On leaving the audience I returned to my house. Several individuals, who brought with them a certain number of horses, and all sorts of things beside, had been shipped on board another vessel by order of the king of Ormuz ; but being captured on the road by some cruel pirates, they were plundered of all their wealth, and narrowly escaped with their lives. Meeting them at Calicut, we had the honour to see some distinguished friends.
By no means did Razzq enjoy his stay at Calicut, he explains....
From the close of the month of the second Djoumada [beginning of November 1442], to the first days of Zou'lhidjah [middle of April 1443], I remained in this disagreeable place, where everything became a source of trouble and weariness. During this period, on a certain night of profound darkness and unusual length, in which sleep, like an imperious tyrant, had imprisoned my senses and closed the door of my eyelids, after every sort of disquietude, I was at length asleep upon my bed of rest, and in a dream I saw his majesty, the happy Khakan, who came towards me with all the pomp of sovereignty, and when he came up to me said : "Afflict thyself no longer." The following morning, at the hour of prayer, this dream recurred to my mind and filled me with joy. Although, in general, dreams are but the simple wanderings of the imagination, which are seldom realized in our waking hours, yet it docs sometimes occur that the facts which arc shown in sleep arc afterwards accomplished ; and such dreams have been regarded by the most distinguished men as intimations from God. Every one has heard of the dream of Joseph, and that of the minister of Egypt.
As you read between the lines, you start to understand the reasons, which have also been explained in detail in Sanjay Subramaniam's book. The conversion of the Zamorin was pretty much a chimeara, an illusion, an impossibility. Soon the noble king is reduced to a 'Wali' a keeper in Razaak's travelogue.
My reflections led me to the hope, that perhaps the morning beam of happiness was about to dawn upon me from the bosom of Divine goodness, and that the night of chagrin and weariness had nearly reached its close. Having communicated my dream to some skilful men, I asked them its interpretation. On a sudden a man arrived, who brought me the intelligence that the king of Bidjanagar, who holds a powerful empire and a mighty dominion under his sway, had sent to the Sameri a delegate charged with a letter, in which he desired that he would send on to him the ambassador of his majesty, the happy Khakan. Although the Sameri is not subject to the laws of the king of Bidjanagar, he nevertheless pays him respect, and stands extremely in fear of him ; since, if what is said is true, this latter prince has in his dominions three hundred ports, each of which is equal to Calicut, and on terra firma his territories comprise a space of three months' journey. The coast, which includes Calicut with some other neighboring ports, and which extends as far as Kabel, a place situated opposite the Island of Serendib, otherwise called Ceylon, bears the general name of Melibar. From Calicut are vessels continually sailing for Mecca, which are for the most part laden with pepper.
A very interesting observation here, and we hear about the relationship between the Vijayanagara kings and the Zamorin, though one must take razaak's words with a pinch of salt.
The inhabitants of Calicut are adventurous sailors: they are known by the name of Tchini-betchegan (son of the Chinese), and pirates do not dare to attack the vessels of Calicut. In this harbour one may find everything that can be desired. One thing alone is forbidden, namely, to kill a cow, or to eat its flesh: whosoever should be discovered slaughtering or eating one of these animals, would be immediately punished with death. So respected is the cow in these parts, that the inhabitants take its dung when dry and rub their foreheads with it. The humble author of this narrative having received his audience of dismissal, departed from Calicut by sea. After having passed the port of Bendinaneh, situated on the coast of Malibar, we reached the port of Mangalor, which forms the frontier of the kingdom of Bidjanagar.
But why should Sons of the Chinese be feared? Did they all leave after the tiff with the Zamorin, as we discussed in a previous blog? Were they in anyway related to the marakkars?Food for thought.
The place Bandinaneh is probably Balipatanam in Cannanore.
Abdur Razzaq also wrote about betel chewing which he witnessed everywhere, thus - "The virility of the king is attributed to his habit of chewing the betel leaf, as it lightens up the countenance and excites an intoxication like that caused by wine. It relieves hunger, stimulates the organs of digestion, disinfect the breath and strengthen the teeth. It is impossible to describe and delicacy forbids me to expatiate on its invigorating and aphrodisiac qualities."
By the time Abdur Razzaq returned home, his master Shah Rukh was dead and Abu Said Mirza was fighting for the throne. Quickly he recognized the new Sultan and was accepted after which he settled down to write his memoirs. He died in 1482. His memoirs of Calicut went on to set a great perspective before the arrival of the Portuguese.
Indo-Persian travels in the age of discoveries, 1400-1800 - Muzaffar Alam, Sanjay Subrahmanyam
Album prefaces and other documents on the history of calligraphers and painters - Wheeler McIntosh Thackston
India in the 15th Century –RH Major
The Genizah scrolls have provided us with valuable insight into the lives and times of ordinary people straddling the edges of the Indian Ocean, the mainly Tunisian origin Jews of Fustat and their agents in India. Some time back I told you the story of Abraham Bin Yiju. Today it is the story of Allan. The Genizah scrolls cover stories of many more people, but the Indian angle is relatively low in this case compared to Yiju. If you recall, Yiju lived for decades in India and had a Malayali wife Ashu. But this trader Allan visited the Malabar shores often for trade, though not living in any parts.
Looking back at the Genizah scrolls, the Egyptians were understandably upset when around the turn of the 20th century; various Jewish scholars walked away with all the Genizah papers and distributed them to collectors and libraries in the US, UK and USSR. I wonder what the great problem was with that, for until then the best bits were quietly being sold by Egyptians to private collectors instead of making any attempt to secure and catalog the vast collection. In fact, the synagogue & the Genizah were nearly bulldozed before being discovered and in a way we are all lucky that people like Solomon Schechter cataloged many of the bits found and another luminary, none other than the late Shlom Deo Goitein took up the study of the India traders. I cannot help but think of the unseen private collections and what it contains, but it is sad that they will remain hidden from the view of those who are thirsting for this kind of historical knowledge.
Eventually, I hope that the events that befell the scrolls of Ancona (if those scrolls were indeed genuine) do not happen to these privately held Genizah scrolls, for people may start to disbelieve these fabulous bits of information, when they eventually turn up for public scrutiny. Regarding the scrolls of Ancona, I will get back to them another day, for I am still reading the hotly disputed book.
As for now let us get back to Allah Bin Hassun. Now Goitein in the referred paper covers a transcript of the three letters from Hassun, written around the early quarter on the 12th century, but if you try to analyze this from an Indian perspective, you can work out some very interesting observations.
Prof Goitein asks a question in his paper- The Jews of the Mediterranean area, unlike their brethren in Iraq, were latecomers to the India trade. Why should they have taken upon themselves the physical dangers and material risks of those far-flung travels, when the blessed shores of the Mediterranean offered enough opportunities for gaining a livelihood? His complete reply spans over 6 volumes of brilliant studies -A Mediterranean society and teh India book.
I had answered this question briefly some months ago in the talk given on Yiju. During the 11th century, Mediterranean trade was largely in Muslim hands. Naturally Arab speaking Jews thus found able partners in the same trade and coupled with the profits and trustworthy ports in Malabar, established easy pickings. This continued until the 13th century when the Karimi traders wrested control of the India trade. The short period of trade in those two centuries relate to forays by these traders from Ayadhab in today's Sudan to the Malabar coasts.
As you read letters like those written by Allan Hassun, you see the immense short term gain related to opportunistic pricing of spices and other items. And typically, fortune favored the brave. It is also very interesting to note that these Jewish traders stuck to certain ports, not major ports like Muziris, but Northern ports like Sindbaur (Goa), Bakanur or Faknur, Manjarur and the lone southern port Kulam (Quilon). They would start with the Northern port, collecting Iron and travel down south to pick up Pepper & other goods before the return to Aden. All this becomes clear in the letters of Allan. So let us first try to get to know this enterprising character.
An individual who was well set in Mediterranean trade was 'Arus b. Joseph al- Arjawani al-Mahdawi. Arus was a manufacturer and trader of purple cloth, delivering his material to N Africa & Spain. He was a renowned member of his society, a helpful generous man, and quite successful. However he had no sons, a very important desire for traders to further the family trade lines. So he married off his daughter to his brother's son Allan Hassun. The boy addresses Arus as father and himself as the son of Arus. Allan was initially apprenticed by Arus in the Mediterranean trade between Egypt and Aden in Yemen. Allan's family also originated from Al Mahdiyya in Tunisia (where Ben Yiju also lived once). The equipment traded was typically fine clothing made in the region.
Youngsters are always seeking adventure, and young Allan decided that he must venture farther, to India. Arus and his partner Siba were not so happy about that, but it appears that they eventually agreed to the venture. Allan was initially provided with some goods meant for trade like Coral and Storax. His cousin Joseph was dispatched to tell him that he should not cross the oceans, but then the boy did just that and went on to become a very famous & renowned India trader, continuing to do so till late in life. As in the case of Yiju, we follow his story from letters he wrote in Hebrew while at Sindabur (Goa) on the Malabar coast and later from Kulam and Ayadhab, letters which then found their way to the Genizah (New readers may refer my notes on Yiju if you have not been initiated to the Genizah scrolls as yet).
We can see here that Allan was bringing back iron and pepper from India, much like the goods exported by Yiju. As we read through the mundane writings in the Genizah letters about debts, goods sold and purchased, relationships with other traders, business meetings and so on, some regional aspects come to light (Incidentally Ben Yiju also features in these trade documents!!).
Goitein reports after extensive studies that one thing you did not do in those days was writing voluminously about ones own misfortune or other personal matters. Paper was dear, I presume. In some letters written to his family, Allan expresses regret for being on the road all the time (but it turns out that his son Zayn Al Dar also got into the same trade). He then tells his three sons to form a partnership in trade, for their own good. But well, Allan did write about one such voyage and his misfortune and also about special circumstances in Quilon, where he traded, during one voyage. This is a valuable insight to the methods of that port.
Goitein summarizes - By that time, people at home had become familiar with conditions in India and were interested in the happenings there. Moreover, the report about legal procedures and other government care for the foreigners in Kulam (Quilon), the southernmost port on the Malabar Coast (from which one returned to Aden), were reassuring. The feeling of safety at sea while running before a steady monsoon is also implicit in the letters.
So why did Allan venture out to Sindbaur and into the India trade? The first letter explains
Having sought God's guidance, I decided to travel to Sindabur with the corals and Storax, for I did not find a market for it [meaning the corals]; all they offered me for it [in Aden] was 18 [dinars] per selling unit.(Storax, 'may'a', an aromatic resin obtained from trees in Asia Minor, used in perfume and medicine, a common commodity exported via Alexandria, Cairo, and Aden to India, as proved by the Geniza letters – It is for a layman the resin Benzoin or our Sambrani the aromatic resin that is smoked for poojas, on coals)
The trader's modus operandi was as follows - The merchants traveled from Sindabur, the northern port leading to the pepper country via Faknur or Baknur(North of Manjarur), to a place called Manibar– presumably Manjarur or Pantalayani or another capital city in the Malabar country, and from there to Kuilam-Kawlam, the popular southern port on the Malabar Coast, from where they planned to return to Aden.
Now we note from the letters that Manibar or Malabar is mentioned. Was it a port, a city or a region? From Allan's letters the name is not clear though Goitein supposes it is Malibar. It is also becoming apparent that this could have been synonymous with a port, not only a region. Recall that Al Beruni was the first to mention Malabar as a region (Beruni wrote about Malabar circa 1000AD). I will venture to analyze this further in the next part.
Let us now take a detailed look at one of Allan's letters from the 12th century. I believe Allan lived and traded around 1115-1150AD, continuing on to a ripe old age. It deals with travel to Sindabur and other places in India. Because of riots and bloodshed in Malabar the ship could not sail to Kulam and changed course to faknur. In Faknur the captain (Ali Nawak a prominent Indian shipmaster or Nakhuda who had a number of business deals with the Jews) disappeared, but the ship continued to Kulam, where it stayed for some time.
So let's look at the words in more detail, and they are quite perplexing to say the least. I finally arrived in Al-M .. r and bought what God, the exalted, made available, to the extent reported in my previous letters. We intended, on our way home, to travel to Aden, but riots and bloodshed occurred, and whoever was in the town fled.
Now which place could that be? Allans letters only mention the letters Al-Ma….r. Goitein states as follows - Only Al-m . . r is visible. Something like Munaybar-Manibar-Malibar (Malabar, the pepper country on the southern section of the west coast of India) must have been written. The use of the article is strange, but perhaps it was meant to express the idea of both city and region. The plural Malibarat in other Letters, might be understood similarly. Or was it Al Manjarur? Anyway if you look a little southwards, to Cannanore & Calicut, and presume that this was indeed one such town, I cannot think of any riot or bloodshed in Zamorin or Kolathiri country where the inhabitants fled a town. The major event that took place in the 1100-1120 timeframe was the annexation of Calicut by the Manavikrama Raja's or the Zamorin clan from the Vellatiri. That war however may not have resulted in people fleeing the area. So what could have been the traumatizing event?
Anyway the ship master Ali Nawak wanted to flee as well at Malabar. But Allan convinced him not to and they quickly sailed off to Fakkanur in the North after leaving the pepper & some smaller items with a local Jewish trader Jacob Ibn Thabit in Malabar. At Fakkanur, Ali Nawak disembarked or disappeared (Why did a captain leave ship? Was he that traumatized? What happened in al – a…r?) and the ship proceeded on to Kualam – Quilon. We read from his letter that it took some days sailing from this Malabar port to Quilon. So was it Pantalayani? You may recall that early voyagers including Ibn Batuta did mention an exact period of 10 days sailing from Pantalayani to Quilon and we do know that Pantalayani had a smattering of Jewish traders settled there. So is that a reasonable guess? But why were they fearful about docking in Kulam? More on that follows in the next part.
Allan continues thus………
We loaded the textiles and the iron during the night, for he (Nawak) had the power to keep us back [by refusing to sail]. Finally, we all fled to Faknur. I had left some of the pepper and many of the smaller items with Jacob Ibn Thabit. We arrived in Faknur, where 'Ali Nawak disembarked and remained, while we went on in the same ship to Kulam and stayed there for some time
Ten days after leaving Kulam the ship encountered a dangerous sea, the captain died, and a vociferous crowd on board forced the ship back to Kulam, where it arrived after another twenty days. When the night of... arrived, we loaded and set sail, 35 days before 'New Year'. The (new?)captain had been ill while still in town, but we sailed for ten days. When we encountered a large pusht (a reef, or another underwater obstacle), water being five fathoms high, and did not know whether this was the Fal (the northern end of the Laccadive Islands) or not, God granted us safety, but the captain had a stroke and died. We threw his body overboard into the sea. So the boat remained without a commander and a . . ., and we had no charts. A crowd in the ship was afraid the ship would be lost, if it landed in an Arab country. However, if we returned to India, there too the same might happen. They got the upper hand and returned us to Kulam. We gave up hope of saving our goods. After twenty days we arrived in Kulam, the place we feared. But God granted us delivery immediately. In Kulam the ship was returned to its proprietor. Another one was provided with water and wood, and its two captains signed documents specifying their obligations towards the passengers. The .. ., the .. ., and the manager came on board and took the ship from us, confirming its rights to its proprietor, being afraid of 'Ali Nawak. They provided us with water and wood. Two captains traveled with us, after they had signed documents (confirming their obligations) towards us, and we set sail.
Goitein concludes - Having set sail earlier than usual, the ship arrived in Aden prior to all others with the result that Allan sold his goods for excellent prices. Learning that pepper in Aden cost 35 dinars a sack, a price far too high for the town, Allan decided to return immediately to India on the same ship and rented storage space for 150 sacks of pepper and other spices for the voyage back.
In Allan's words - We arrived in Aden in the shortest possible time, prior to all others. I sold the iron for a good price, 20 dinars a bahar. I had with me 72 bahars and 50 separate pieces, 30 mann saqat, and 40 mann clove. After customs I had obtained 1,500 dinars [and] a lot in other currencies. I had planned to travel home, but learned that a bahar of pepper cost 35 dinars (in Aden). I could not tarry so long until I could buy pepper in Aden (for a reasonable price). Having sought God's guidance, I decided to travel to Faknur in the same boat in which we had arrived, for it had been blessed for me. I rented from them storage space for 150 bahirs, 100 for pepper and 50 for various other goods. For the 100 bahirs for pepper, I paid 90 mithqals of Adenese coinage. Sheikh 'AlI Ibn al-Kufi and Sheikh Bundar had stipulated with them (the captains) for me that I would not pay them a dirhem until I had bought the pepper myself.
The last line kind of signifies that the word of mouth of suppliers was not entirely trustworthy. . Allan had intended to pay the shipmaster in advance; expecting that a part of the pepper would be purchased by the latter, but had been dissuaded from this by the two experienced overseas traders. But does this mean that they got the pepper at Fakkanur? If so why go to Kulam?
Part 2 will be a more detailed analysis of the trade and people with additional data
Three Letters from the Cairo Geniza - S. D. Goitein
A Mediterranean society – SD Goitein
Aden & the Indian Ocean trade – Roxani Elleni Margariti
From the Mediterranean to India: S. D. Goitein
The Jewish Merchants in the Light of Eleventh Century Geniza Documents: Moshe Gil
Southern India as known to Arab Geographers – Nainar
Arab traders – from Herotod's blog & SARAMCO world


When it comes to Christmas shopping I definitely find it hard to find gifts that are unique but also gifts that people will truly appreciate as there is nothing worse (in my opinion) than giving or receiving the same old gifts that people just don't appreciate or enjoy as they aren't unique to them. One gift that I always think is a lovely gift for both men and women, and can be tailored to a person individual taste is a watch and i've once again teamed up with Daniel Wellington in the run up to Christmas to show the perfect gift to give this Christmas!
Being a lover of Daniel Wellington watches I know exactly how stunning they are from the exquisite craftsmanship, to the personalisation and packaging, they are truly beautiful watches but also so affordable for the amazing quality. If like me you enjoy splurging and treating your loved ones during the festive season to gifts that have thought behind them, then you can't go wrong with a timeless classic yet statement watch that can be worn for many different occasions.
Daniel Wellington are always working on new pieces to add to their ever growing collections of watches and a recent addition to their amazing selection of watches is their Classic Black collection, which currently houses fourteen beautiful watches with a black watch face, which is totally different to any of their other watches and I loved the minimalist vibe to them! A favourite of my personal collection of DW watches has to be their Classic York Watch* (£139) which I literally wear to death and I love the croc effect to the strap, so when I discovered the Classic Black Reading Watch* (£139) I was over the moon! With the feminine touch of the croc effect to the strap, the black face and rose gold hardware it just screams me and i'm sure if one of your loved ones loves their minimal accessories then they'll be sure to love receiving this for Christmas! I've been wearing this watch a lot recently as I find it outfits so well with so many different outfits, and it adds a touch of sophistication and elegance that I personally love, and i've had so many lovely comments over the past few weeks!
What is also great about DW watches is that they are somewhat personalised to the individual person as you can customise certain aspects of their watches to suit everyones taste. Whether that be the straps which can be changed and purchased separately to transform the watch from day to evening or the metal hardware as you can choose between silver or rose gold, as most people have their their own personal preference when it comes jewellery and accessories that they wear and just being able to have that choice over the finer details just adds to the experience and amazing level of service that DW offer!
All in all I absolutely love DW watches, and if you're struggling with the last of your Christmas shopping then i'd definitely suggest checking out the amazing range of watches and accessories from Daniel Wellington. Also when ordering gifts from DW you can request to have your gift wrapped for free, which I think adds a lovely touch that other brands should really take note on! Last order dates in order to receive your gifts in time for Christmas is Dec 21st, so be sure to get ordered beforehand!
With the holiday season around the corner, check out the holiday offers at Daniel Wellington and get someone you love, or yourself a gift with 15% off by using the code 'SPLURGING' until January 15th!
Previous Post Christmas Party Shopping Challenge with boon.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


President Trump Donald John TrumpWH spokesman: We're working with DHS, ICE to attempt to ship undocumented immigrants to sanctuary cities Trump says he has authorized proper to ship undocumented immigrants to sanctuary cities Sanders calls on Trump to scrap his commerce plan MORE reportedly publicly revived an earlier proposal to launch migrants in sanctuary cities partly to distract from lingering questions on particular counsel Robert Mueller Robert Swan MuellerSasse: US ought to applaud selection of Mueller to guide Russia probe MORE's report, in accordance with the New York Occasions.
Shortly after information broke that the administration had rejected the concept, Trump despatched a collection of tweets claiming it was nonetheless being thought-about. Trump has intentionally escalated his language to enliven his base because the Mueller investigation's conclusion, in accordance with the Occasions.
As soon as Lawyer Common William Barr William Pelham BarrRobert De Niro tears into Republicans: 'We're not going to overlook' about what you probably did below Trump Trump marketing campaign falsely claims Barr revealed 'illegal spying' in e mail to supporters Trolling of Invoice Barr exhibits how language is twisted to politics MORE delivers the redacted report, the White Home reportedly plans to have aides speed-read it, skipping all sections associated to potential felony conspiracy and solely studying the part on why Mueller was unable to find out whether or not Trump obstructed justice.
The White Home authorized staff additionally plans to zero in on why Barr's four-page abstract of the report mentioned "a lot" of Trump's conduct was public, and which facets weren't, in accordance with the Occasions.
Previous articleWhy was the headcloth of Jesus wrapped to the aspect?


Can I parse the image (using a stream?) to get the information I need?
I'm not sure about the performance of this method though.
It may be faster to do as the other poster suggested.
From raw data (byte) to Bitmap and vice versa?


text:
SFUFC
BOARD AND DIRECTORS
Santa Fe United Sports Regulations
Assistance and punctuality in practice
All players will have a tolerance of 10 minutes to present for practice. If they exempt such tolerance without a justified cause, they may be excluded from training or not be aligned in the next match.
Attendance and punctuality will be a determining factor to align in each match.
All players must be ready in full uniform and gear before game time.
In practice, players are required to have full gear to practice the sport of soccer: jeans, hats or non-sport gear will not be allowed in practice.
Players who don't follow this rule will not be allowed to play or practice.
Assistance and Punctuality at Games
Arrive 15 minutes before each game time or else the player will be affected in the minutes of the scheduled game.
All players must present themselves in their full uniform as their corresponding equipment (soccer shoes, shin guards, gloves, etc.).
It is NOT allowed to protest what the coach's decisions are in practice or during the game.
Show respect and collaboration with the team's players both on and off the court.
Show respect to the game rules, adversaries, referees and everyone on and off the court.
Reasons for Getting Suspended or Expelled from the Team
Lack of respect towards team mates, adversaries, parents, referees and other coaches
Missing 3 games without any explanation will be subject to termination from the team.
HOME OF THE STRIKERS
1211 LUISA STREET | SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO 87505 | 505-570-0958
© 2020 SFUFC | WEBSITE DESIGNED BY NOVENTUM
1222 FLAGMAN WAY, SUITE D | SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO 87505 | 505-570-0958


The service type of the device that is hooked up to the switch or outlet.
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text:
A bengál bozótkakukk (Centropus bengalensis) a madarak osztályának kakukkalakúak (Cuculiformes) rendjébe, ezen belül a kakukkfélék (Cuculidae) családjába tartozó faj.

Rendszerezése
A fajt Johann Friedrich Gmelin német természettudós írta le 1788-ban, a Cuculus nembe Cuculus bengalensis néven.

Alfajai
Centropus bengalensis bengalensis (Gmelin, 1788) - India, Banglades, Mianmar és Thaiföld
Centropus bengalensis lignator (Swinhoe, 1861) - Kína délkeleti része és Tajvan
Centropus bengalensis javanensis (Dumont, 1818) - Maláj-félsziget, Szumátra, Jáva, Borneó
Centropus bengalensis sarasinorum (Stresemann, 1912) - Celebesz, Sula-szigetek, Kis-Szunda-szigetek és Timor
Centropus bengalensis medius (Bonaparte, 1850) - Maluku-szigetek
Centropus bengalensis philippinensis (Mees, 1971) - Fülöp-szigetek

Előfordulása
Dél- és Délkelet-Ázsában, Banglades, Bhután, Brunei, Kambodzsa, Kelet-Timor, Kína, India, Indonézia, Laosz, a Fülöp-szigetek, Malajzia, Mianmar, Nepál, Srí Lanka, Szingapúr, Thaiföld és Vietnám területén honos.

Természetes élőhelyei a szubtrópusi vagy trópusi nedves cserjések mocsarak környékén, valamint szántóföldek. Állandó, nem vonuló faj.

Megjelenése
Testhossza 31-33 centiméter.

Életmódja
Főleg rovarokkal táplálkozik, de pókokat és kisebb gyíkokat is fogyaszt.

Természetvédelmi helyzete
Az elterjedési területe rendkívül nagy, egyedszáma pedig növekszik. A Természetvédelmi Világszövetség Vörös listáján nem fenyegetett fajként szerepel.

Jegyzetek

Külső hivatkozások
Képek az interneten a fajról
Video.google.com - videó a fajról

Bozótkakukkformák
Madárfajok
Banglades madarai
Bhután madarai
Brunei madarai
Kambodzsa madarai
Kelet-Timor madarai
Kína madarai
India madarai
Indonézia madarai
Laosz madarai
A Fülöp-szigetek madarai
Malajzia madarai
Mianmar madarai
Nepál madarai
Srí Lanka madarai
Szingapúr madarai
Thaiföld madarai
Vietnám madarai


text:
Hamerkop Reveal Second Single From Debut Album
A.K. / Tuesday 7th January, 2020 12:22PM
Annabel Alpers' (fka Bachelorette) current sonic focus Hamerkop, with sound engineer and percussionist Adam Cooke, have just shared the second single from Remote, their debut release on a recent signing to Drag City Records. 'The Splendour That Was Rome' feels huge compared to poppy first single 'We Can Wing' (also featured below), with all-encompassing kick and toms making it at most a song to charge into battle to and at the very least something to motivate a steep hill climb. Just two tracks in, the Baltimore-based duo's first collection promises to bridge the gap between catchy synth-pop and abstract soundscapes, transforming Alpers' stockpile of world-wide field recordings into playlist-able earworms. With absolutely no facts to back this up, perhaps 'The Splendour That Was Rome' contains audio taken from the city itself...
Remote by Hamerkop
Hamerkop's debut album 'Remote' is out Friday 7th February on Drag City Records.
facebook.com/Hamerkop.listen/
hamerkop.bandcamp.com/


text:
#ifndef PUBSUBPLUGIN_MSMQ_CMSMQPUBSUBCLIENTTOPICCONFIG_H
#define PUBSUBPLUGIN_MSMQ_CMSMQPUBSUBCLIENTTOPICCONFIG_H

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//                                                                         //
//      INCLUDES                                                           //
//                                                                         //
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include <transact.h>
#include <Mq.h>

#include <vector>

#ifndef GUCEF_PUBSUB_CPUBSUBCLIENTTOPICCONFIG_H
#include "gucefPUBSUB_CPubSubClientTopicConfig.h"
#define GUCEF_PUBSUB_CPUBSUBCLIENTTOPICCONFIG_H
#endif /* GUCEF_PUBSUB_CPUBSUBCLIENTTOPICCONFIG_H ? */

#ifndef PUBSUBPLUGIN_MSMQ_MACROS_H
#include "pubsubpluginMSMQ_macros.h"
#define PUBSUBPLUGIN_MSMQ_MACROS_H
#endif /* PUBSUBPLUGIN_MSMQ_MACROS_H ? */

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//                                                                         //
//      NAMESPACE                                                          //
//                                                                         //
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

namespace GUCEF {
namespace PUBSUBPLUGIN {
namespace MSMQ {

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//                                                                         //
//      CLASSES                                                            //
//                                                                         //
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

class CMsmqPubSubClient;

/**
 *  Standard pub-sub client config with some custom specifcs added for this
 *  specific pub-sub backend
 */
class PUBSUBPLUGIN_MSMQ_PLUGIN_PRIVATE_CPP CMsmqPubSubClientTopicConfig : public PUBSUB::CPubSubClientTopicConfig
{
    public:

    typedef std::vector< MSGPROPID >                  MSGPROPIDVector;
    typedef std::map< MSGPROPID, MSGPROPIDVector >    MSGPROPIDMapVector;

    CMsmqPubSubClientTopicConfig( void );

    CMsmqPubSubClientTopicConfig( const PUBSUB::CPubSubClientTopicConfig& genericConfig );

    virtual ~CMsmqPubSubClientTopicConfig() GUCEF_VIRTUAL_OVERRIDE;

    CMsmqPubSubClientTopicConfig& operator=( const PUBSUB::CPubSubClientTopicConfig& src );

    CMsmqPubSubClientTopicConfig& operator=( const CMsmqPubSubClientTopicConfig& src );

    bool LoadCustomConfig( const CORE::CDataNode& config );

    bool PopulateDefaultReceivePropIds( void );
    bool SupplementPropIdsWithPairedPropId( MSGPROPIDVector& propIds );
    bool PopulateDefaultSendPropIds( void );
    void PopulateDefaultPairedPropIds( void );
    CORE::CString PropIdsToCsvString( const MSGPROPIDVector& propIds );
    bool CsvStringToPropIds( const CORE::CString& csvStr, MSGPROPIDVector& propIds );
    void ErasePropId( PROPID propId, MSGPROPIDVector& propIds );
    bool IsPairedPropId( PROPID id ) const;
    static void AddPropId( PROPID id, MSGPROPIDVector& propIds );
    static bool HasPropId( PROPID id, const MSGPROPIDVector& propIds );

    MSGPROPIDVector msmqPropIdsToReceive;
    MSGPROPIDVector msmqPropIdsToSend;
    MSGPROPIDMapVector msmqPairedPropIds;
    CORE::UInt32 maxMsmqMsgsToReadPerSyncCycle;
    bool topicNameIsMsmqFormatName;
    bool convertMsmqMsgIdToString;
    bool convertMsmqClsIdToString;
    bool ignoreUnmappableMetaDataFieldOnPublish;
    bool gatherMsmqTransitTimeOnReceiveMetric;
    CORE::UInt32 maxMsmqTransitTimeOnReceiveMetricDataPoints;
    CORE::UInt64 msmqMsgPropIdToMapToMsgIdOnReceive;
    CORE::UInt32 defaultMsmqBodyBufferSizeInBytes;
    CORE::UInt32 defaultMsmqMiscBufferSizeInBytes;
    CORE::UInt16 minPayloadFieldGrowthPercOnBufferTooSmall;
    bool retainMsmqSentTimeAsMetaData;
    CORE::Int32 maxMsmqErrorsOnAckToBeHealthy;
    CORE::Int32 maxMsmqErrorsOnReceiveToBeHealthy;
};

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/*

PROPID_M_ABORT_COUNT	            (Introduced in MSMQ 4.0.) Indicates the number of times that transactional processing has been aborted on a message since it was placed in its current queue.
PROPID_M_ACKNOWLEDGE	            Specifies the type of acknowledgment messages returned to the sending application.
PROPID_M_ADMIN_QUEUE	            Specifies one administration queue used for returned acknowledgment messages.
PROPID_M_ADMIN_QUEUE_LEN	        Specifies the length of the administration queue buffer specified in PROPID_M_ADMIN_QUEUE.
PROPID_M_APPSPECIFIC	            Specifies application-generated information.
PROPID_M_ARRIVEDTIME	            Indicates when the message arrived at the queue.
PROPID_M_AUTH_LEVEL	                Specifies the authentication level of the message.
PROPID_M_AUTHENTICATED	            Indicates whether the message was authenticated at the request of the sending application.
PROPID_M_AUTHENTICATED_EX	        (Introduced in MSMQ 2.0.) Indicates whether the message was authenticated at the request of the sending application and what type of digital signature was used.
PROPID_M_BODY	                    Contains the body of the message.
PROPID_M_BODY_SIZE	                Indicates the actual size of the message body.
PROPID_M_BODY_TYPE	                Indicates the type of body that the message contains.
PROPID_M_CLASS	                    Indicates the type of message.
PROPID_M_COMPOUND_MESSAGE	        (Introduced in MSMQ 3.0.) Provides the entire contents of an SRMP message, including the SOAP envelope and the SOAP attachments associated with it.
PROPID_M_COMPOUND_MESSAGE_SIZE	    (Introduced in MSMQ 3.0.) Provides the size of the entire contents of an SRMP message, including the SOAP envelope and the SOAP attachments associated with it.
PROPID_M_CONNECTOR_TYPE	            Specifies a connector application identifier. This property is set when some properties typically set by Message Queuing are set by the sending application.
PROPID_M_CORRELATIONID	            Specifies the application-generated correlation identifier of the message.
PROPID_M_DEADLETTER_QUEUE	        Specifies the path name of an application-specific dead letter queue (DLQ).
PROPID_M_DEADLETTER_QUEUE_LEN	    Indicates the length (in Unicode characters) of the PROPID_M_DEADLETTER_QUEUE property.
PROPID_M_DELIVERY	                Specifies how the message is delivered.
PROPID_M_DEST_FORMAT_NAME	        (Introduced in MSMQ 3.0.) Indicates the destination queue or queues to which the message was sent.
PROPID_M_DEST_FORMAT_NAME_LEN	    (Introduced in MSMQ 3.0.) Indicates the length (in Unicode characters) of the format name buffer allocated by the receiving application and the length of the format name string returned in PROPID_M_DEST_FORMAT_NAME.
PROPID_M_DEST_QUEUE	                Identifies the destination queue of the message.
PROPID_M_DEST_QUEUE_LEN	            Indicates the length of the format name buffer for the destination queue.
PROPID_M_DEST_SYMM_KEY	            Specifies the symmetric key used to encrypt an application-encrypted message or a message sent to a foreign queue.
PROPID_M_DEST_SYMM_KEY_LEN	        Specifies the length of the symmetric key used to encrypt messages sent to a foreign queue.
PROPID_M_ENCRYPTION_ALG	            Specifies the encryption algorithm used when encrypting private and authenticated messages.
PROPID_M_EXTENSION	                Provides a place to put additional information associated with the message.
PROPID_M_EXTENSION_LEN	            Specifies the length of the extension information property.
PROPID_M_FIRST_IN_XACT	            (Introduced in MSMQ 2.0.) Indicates whether the message was the first message in a transaction.
PROPID_M_HASH_ALG	                Identifies the hashing algorithm that Message Queuing uses when authenticating the message.
PROPID_M_JOURNAL	                Specifies whether the message should be kept in the computer journal, sent to a dead-letter queue, or neither.
PROPID_M_LABEL	                    Specifies a description of the message.
PROPID_M_LABEL_LEN	                Identifies the length of the message label buffer.
PROPID_M_LAST_IN_XACT	            (Introduced in MSMQ 2.0.) Indicates whether the message was the last message in a transaction.
PROPID_M_LOOKUPID	                (Introduced in MSMQ 3.0.) Indicates the lookup identifier of the message.
PROPID_M_MOVE_COUNT	                (Introduced in MSMQ 4.0.) Indicates the number of times that transactional processing has been aborted on a message during its lifetime.
PROPID_M_MSGID	                    Identifies the identifier of the message (GUID).
PROPID_M_PRIORITY	                Specifies the priority level of the message.
PROPID_M_PRIV_LEVEL	                Specifies the privacy level of the message to be sent.
PROPID_M_PROV_NAME	                Specifies the name of the cryptographic provider used to generate the digital signature attached to the message.
PROPID_M_PROV_NAME_LEN	            Specifies the length of the name of the cryptographic provider used for validating the digital signature attached to the message.
PROPID_M_PROV_TYPE	                Specifies the type of cryptographic provider used to generate the digital signature attached to the message.
PROPID_M_RESP_FORMAT_NAME	        (Introduced in MSMQ 3.0, supersedes PROPID_M_RESP_QUEUE.) Specifies the response queues used for returning application-generated response messages.
PROPID_M_RESP_FORMAT_NAME_LEN	    (Introduced in MSMQ 3.0.) Indicates the length (in Unicode characters) of the format name buffer allocated by the receiving application and the length of format name string returned in PROPID_M_RESP_FORMAT_NAME.
PROPID_M_RESP_QUEUE	                (Superseded by PROPID_M_RESP_FORMAT_NAME.) Specifies the response queue used for returning response messages.
PROPID_M_RESP_QUEUE_LEN	            Specifies the length of the format name of the response queue.
PROPID_M_SECURITY_CONTEXT	        Specifies a handle to a security context structure.
PROPID_M_SENDER_CERT	            Specifies the external certificate used to authenticate the message.
PROPID_M_SENDER_CERT_LEN	        Specifies the length of the external certificate buffer.
PROPID_M_SENDERID	                Identifies who sent the message.
PROPID_M_SENDERID_LEN	            Indicates the length of the sender identifier.
PROPID_M_SENDERID_TYPE	            Specifies the type of sender identifier.
PROPID_M_SENTTIME	                Indicates the date and time that the message was sent by the source queue manager.
PROPID_M_SIGNATURE	                Specifies the MSMQ 1.0 signature or an application-generated signature that is attached to the message.
PROPID_M_SIGNATURE_LEN	            Specifies the length of the MSMQ 1.0 signature or application-generated signature that is attached to the message.
PROPID_M_SOAP_BODY	                (Introduced in MSMQ 3.0.) Specifies application-generated SOAP body elements for inclusion in the SOAP envelope of an SRMP message.
PROPID_M_SOAP_ENVELOPE	            (Introduced in MSMQ 3.0.) Provides the SOAP envelope of an SRMP message.
PROPID_M_SOAP_ENVELOPE_LEN	        (Introduced in MSMQ 3.0.) Provides the size of the SOAP envelope of an SRMP message.
PROPID_M_SOAP_HEADER	            (Introduced in MSMQ 3.0.) Specifies additional application-generated header elements for inclusion in the SOAP envelope of an SRMP message.
PROPID_M_SRC_MACHINE_ID	            Specifies the computer where the message originated.
PROPID_M_TIME_TO_BE_RECEIVED	    Specifies the total time the message is allowed to live.
PROPID_M_TIME_TO_REACH_QUEUE	    Specifies a time limit for the message to reach the queue.
PROPID_M_TRACE	                    Specifies whether Message Queuing sends report messages indicating the route of the message.
PROPID_M_VERSION	                (Introduced in MSMQ 3.0.) Specifies the wire format used to send the message.
PROPID_M_XACTID	                    (Introduced in MSMQ 2.0.) Indicates the transaction identifier for the message.
PROPID_M_XACT_STATUS_QUEUE	        Identifies the transaction status queue on the source computer.
PROPID_M_XACT_STATUS_QUEUE_LEN	    Indicates the length of the format name buffer of the transaction status queue.

*/

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------//
//                                                                         //
//      NAMESPACE                                                          //
//                                                                         //
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

}; /* namespace MSMQ */
}; /* namespace PUBSUBPLUGIN */
}; /* namespace GUCEF */

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#endif /* PUBSUBPLUGIN_MSMQ_CMSMQPUBSUBCLIENTTOPICCONFIG_H ? */