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Blackside, Inc.126
Civil rights movements--United States126
Civil rights--History--20th century126
Oral History--United States126
Race relations--United States[remove]126
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-196832
Montgomery Bus Boycott, Montgomery, Ala., 1955-195622
Birmingham (Ala.)--Race relations16
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka13
Selma (Ala.)--Race relations13
Freedom Rides, 196112
Washington University in St. Louis126
Eyes on the Prize126
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Interview with Victoria Gray Adams, [Video]
Filmed interview with Victoria Gray Adams conducted for Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on voter registration in Mississippi, the Council of Federated Organizations, Fannie Lou Hamer and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party's challenge to the official (segregated) Democratic Party of...Show full record
Race relations--United States
Interview with William J. Simmons, [Video]
Filmed interview with William Simmons conducted for Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on resistance to integration by the Mississippi Citizens' Council, specifically the Jackson chapter which was led by Simmons.
Blackside, Inc., Arndt, Prudence
Interview with Curtis Jones, [Video]
Filmed interview with Curtis Jones conducted for Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on the murder of Jones' cousin Emmett Till.
Interview with Harris Wofford, [Video]
Filmed interview with Harris Wofford conducted for Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on the Kennedy administration's policies on civil rights, as well as John Kennedy's intervention with the governor of Georgia in order to release Dr. Martin Luther King from jail in 1960.
Interview with Harry Briggs, Jr., [Video]
Filmed interview with Harry Briggs Jr. for Eyes on the Prize. He discussed conditions in segregated schools in South Carolina, his parents' lawsuit, and retaliation against his family as a result of the suit.
Blackside, Inc., Bagwell, Orlando
Interview with Hollis Watkins, [Video]
Filmed interview with Hollis Watkins conducted for Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and activism in Mississippi, including SNCC activity in McComb, Mississippi and Fannie Lou Hamer.
Interview with Ivanhoe Donaldson, [Video]
Interview with Ivanhoe Donaldson conducted for America, They Loved You Madly, the precursor to Eyes on the Prize. Discussion ranges widely over movement activism during the early to mid-1960s, including the March on Washington and Students Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) activism in...Show full record
Blackside, Inc., Richardson, Judy, Bagwell, Orlando
Interview with James Peck, [Video]
Interview with James Peck conducted for America, They Loved You Madly, a precursor to Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on his participation in the Freedom Rides.
Interview with Jan Robertson, [Video]
Filmed interview with Jan Robertson conducted for Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on the integration crisis at the University of Mississippi, where Robertson was a student.
Interview with John McLaurin, [Video]
Interview with John McLaurin, Sr. conducted for Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on the University of Mississippi refusing to admit James Meredith.
Interview with Judge John Minor Wisdom, [Video]
Filmed interview with Judge John Minor Wisdom conducted for Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on the legal battles related to James Meredith's application to the University of Mississippi.
Interview with John Seigenthaler
Filmed interview with John Seigenthaler conducted for Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on the Freedom Rides, during which Seigenthaler served as Attorney General Robert Kennedy's representative in meetings with Alabama officials.
Interview with Joseph Rauh, [Video]
Filmed interview with Joseph Rauh conducted for Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on his acting as legal advisor for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) and the 1964 Democratic National Convention.
Interview with Joseph Smitherman, [Video]
Interview of Joseph Smitherman conducted for Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on the Selma campaign during the time that Smitherman was mayor of that town, including the Selma to Montgomery Rights March.
Interview with Marion Barry, [Video]
Filmed interview with Marion Barry conducted in 1979 for America, They Loved You Madly, a precursor to Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centered on sit-ins, decision-making within the Civil Rights movement and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.
Blackside, Inc., Bagwell, Orlando, Richardson, Judy
Interview with Orval Faubus, [Video]
Filmed interview with Orval Faubus conducted for America, They Loved You Madly, a precursor to Eyes on the Prize. Discussion centers on the integration crisis at Little Rock's Central High School.

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Watch Complete interview of Dax Shepard on the talk show latest episode.
The video he took while surprising his wife Kristen Bell went viral. Dax told Ellen his side of the story.
Dax Shepard had a perfectly logical reason as to why he and his wife Kristen Bell keep a poster of Antonio Banderas over their bed.
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Sh*t … I wrote the wrong answer." - See CHIPS, in theaters Mar. 24.
Actor Dax Shepard arrived to the show in style, and told Ellen about his wife Kristen Bell's disconcerting text about a possible pre-nup.
Late Night with Conan O'Brien thanks for Conan Obsessed for sharing.


Deutet die Montage eines Netzteils im unteren Bereich des Computergehäuses auf ein besseres Design hin?
Why use a 1500W power supply?
What is positive air pressure?
How to arrange airflow in your system.
What is a single rail +12V power supply?
How do different fan mesh patterns affect fan and chassis airflow ?
What is Air Pressure ?
What is SFF (SG03) ?
What is SFF (SG02) ?
What is SFF (SG01) ?


What is oNet? oNet enables remote control and automatic optimisation of pressure at PRVs and pumps across your entire network.
You can determine and set your own control philosophy for PRVs and pumps on the network. You can opt for a fixed outlet pressure knowing that it will be precisely controlled to that level with the minimum Factor of Safety, and confirm that that is what is being delivered. You can set up simple timed control. Or you can implement a control curve that you have manually calculated.
With automatic optimisation, oNet algorithms determine the optimal control philosophy for PRVs and pumps to achieve a targeted minimum control point pressure. The system automatically adjusts for flow-related headloss and delivers smooth and accurate control, including accommodating fire demand. The system learns and adapts to seasonal, cultural and growth related changes in demand over time.
You can set any combination of remote control or automatic optimisation of pressure well in advance using a simple calendar function. For example, if you have an area of the network serving a sporting or cultural event, you can schedule this requirement well in advance.
For PRV control, you can set constraints on how control is exercised in extreme circumstances to ensure that the network is protected. For pump control, this is incorporated into PLC programming.
i2O is the only company using a dedicated pilot valve designed to continuously adjust pressure rather than actuating a pilot valve designed for occasional manual adjustment.
i2O uses open loop control which ensures that 'hunting' behaviour exhibited by closed loop systems is avoided, and that communication failures do not affect operations.
Rate and gradation of pressure changes can all be programmed in advance.
Protected by patents which are not licensed to third parties.
Any combination of control philosophies and target pressures can be scheduled easily in advance through a calendar interface.
Part of a suite of smart water network solutions that enable clients to maximise their investment in data logging, network monitoring and pressure control.


LOUDONVILLE - The 35th edition of the Great Mohican Pow-Wow returns in July and September to Loudonville for a pair of weekends filled with culture and excitement.
This year, the Pow-Wow will take place July 12th through 14th and September 20th through 22nd.
The Pow-Wow promises an in-depth and up-close look at Mohican culture including presentations of traditional dance, instrumentalists, storytellers, tomahawk throwers, fire starters, and inter-tribal competitions, all set against the backdrop of the Mohican forest.


A fault is a rock fracture where blocks of rock have slipped past each other.
Faults usually occur in fault zones, which are often along the boundaries between tectonic plates. Faults are typically caused by earthquakes.
Single earthquakes rarely move blocks more than a few centimeters. Repeated small earthquakes can shift blocks hundreds of kilometers.
Compression faults are faults caused by rocks being squeezed together, perhaps by converging plates.
Tension faults are faults caused by rocks being pulled together, perhaps by diverging plates.
Normal, or dip-slip, faults are tension faults where the rock fractures and slips straight down.
A wrench, or tear, fault occurs when plates slide past each other and make blocks slip horizontally.
Large wrench faults, such as the San Andreas in California, USA, are called transcurrent faults.
Rift valleys are huge, trough-shaped valleys created by faulting, such as Africa's Great Rift Valley. The floor is a thrown-down block called a graben. Some geologists think they are caused by tension, others by compression.


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Who Is Einstein Albert
Posted byadmin	 July 10, 2019
Editor's note: A version of this article previously appeared on Medium.com. SALT LAKE CITY — In 1900, Albert Einstein was a desperate job hunter. It took Einstein nine years to become a professor.
Who was the real Mileva Einstein-Maric, the wife of the famed physicist Albert Einstein? Trained alongside Einstein in physics and mathematics, what role did she play, if any, in the famous papers of.
Writing to celebrate the centenary of Sir Arthur Eddington's observation of the solar eclipse on May 29, 1919, and the credibility this observation gave Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity,
Albert Einstein is a German-born Swiss theoretical physicist. He is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass energy equivalence, E = mc^2. Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially.
March 4, 2019—(BRONX, NY)—More than six decades after it first opened its doors, Albert Einstein College of Medicine is now an independent academic institution, with the authority to confer its own.
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist, best known for his Special and General Theory of Relativity and the concept of mass-energy.
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). Einstein's work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.
Weak people revenge. Strong people forgive. Intelligent people ignore. See more of : albert einstein albert einstein Weak people revenge. Strong people forgive. Intelligent people ignore. See more of.
The artist has posted variations of the face game on Instagram, including a cat, Albert Einstein and Kim Kardashian. The.
Michio Kaku & What Science Can Learn From The Total Solar Eclipse Aug 10, 2018. Astronomy 101: From the Sun and Moon to Wormholes and Warp Drive, Key Theories, What can scientists learn from studying comets?. Mars, Interstellar Travel, Immortality, and Our Destiny Beyond Earth by Michio Kaku. The book also provides information about the recent 2017 total solar eclipse. Normal Bone Marrow Morphology Which Of The
These were some of Albert Einstein's original manuscripts—110 pages in all—recently donated to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem by the Crown-Goodman Family Foundation, purchased from Gary Berger, a.
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum.
Albert Einstein, em i saveman bilong fisik. Dispela kain save i lukluk long pasin bilong pawa, taim, na ol samting i liklik tumas istap insait long olgeta samting, olsem atem na elektren. Mama i karim em long Mas 14, yia 1879 long Württemberg, wanpela taun long Siamani.
Berg somehow found time to get a law degree at Columbia and, though not especially gregarious, had an intriguing mixture of.
Albert Einstein was born at Ulm in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879, into a non-observant Jewish family. At age five, his father showed him a.
On April 3rd, 1921, a handful of journalists went to interview a relatively unknown scientist named Albert Einstein. When they arrived to meet his ship they found a crowd of thousands waiting for him,
Dec 19, 2016. Albert Einstein was born in Ulm in Germany in 1879 and had one sister Maja. His father, Hermann, was an industrial. His mother, Pauline Koch.
Albert Einstein. Biographical. Questions and Answers on Albert Einstein. Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879.
Deliver the on-demand support customers want using AI chatbots with Einstein's natural language processing and your Salesforce data. Automate workflows using insights from Einstein. Keep your business moving forward by deploying AI-powered business processes and workflows based on Einstein predictions and recommendations.
In 1905, Albert Einstein propounded the photoelectric effect, one of the earliest applications of quantum theory, wherein he stated that light is made up of discrete quanta and not continuous waves. He further said that the energy in each of these quantum is proportional to the frequency of radiation.
Albert Einstein happens to a perfect amalgamation of both descriptions; a singular, imaginative oddball dedicated to research and persistence. True brilliance is rarely inspiring. There are the.
Albert Einstein was inspired to propose his Theory of Relativity after reading the works of a 18th century Scottish philosopher, it has emerged. A new letter, discovered at the University of Edinburgh.
In 1879, Albert Einstein was born to a middle-class German Jewish family. His parents were concerned that he scarcely talked until the age of three, but he was.
As graduation approached last year, the list of often-absent students at Albert Einstein High School in suburban Maryland was long. More than 175 seniors repeatedly missed classes, many in courses.
Do you recognise the person in the picture on the right? It's Einstein! You probably know him for his famous equation E = mc². Did you know you can measure.
Albert Einstein. Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton. No verified email. Physics. Articles Cited by. Title Cited by Year; Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? A Einstein, B Podolsky, N Rosen. Physical review 47 (10), 777, 1935. 17878: 1935: On the movement of small particles suspended in stationary.
Over four months, March through June 1905, Albert Einstein produced four papers that revolutionized science. One explained how to measure the size of.
Around 1886 Albert Einstein began his school career in Munich. As well as his violin lessons, which he had from age six to age thirteen, he also had religious.
Albert Einstein, a man whose name is practically synonymous with genius, is one of history's greatest thinkers. As a physicist and mathematician, Einstein wasn't.
Albert Einstein (1959), charcoal and watercolor drawing by Alexander Dobkin. Dobkin (1908–1975) was an important painter of the mid-twentieth century American realist tradition along with other left-wing artists such as Jack Levine, Robert Gwathmey, Philip Evergood, and Raphael and Moses Soyer.
11/24/2009 · On March 14, 1879, Albert Einstein is born, the son of a Jewish electrical engineer in Ulm, Germany. Einstein's theories of special and general relativity drastically altered man's view of the.
Religion and Science. Return to Top; The following article by Albert Einstein appeared in the New York Times Magazine on November 9, 1930 pp 1-4. It has been reprinted in Ideas and Opinions, Crown Publishers, Inc. 1954, pp 36 – 40.It also appears in Einstein's book The World as I See It, Philosophical Library, New York, 1949, pp. 24 – 28. Everything that the human race has done and thought is.
The path to success contains lots of twists and turns. As Albert Einstein said, "A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new." But you're not doomed to stumble every time. Once you take.
Apr 2, 2014. Biography.com offers a glimpse into the life of Albert Einstein, the most influential physicist of the 20th century who developed the theory of.
theoretical physicist Albert Einstein and concert singer Marian Anderson. Both at the height of their fame in 1937, they meet.
[email protected] uses your computer's idle time to search for weak astrophysical signals from spinning neutron stars (often called pulsars) using data from the LIGO gravitational-wave detectors, the Arecibo radio telescope, and the Fermi gamma-ray satellite.
4/29/2015 · INSPIRATIONAL; Six Interesting Musical Facts About Albert Einstein "Nature continues to shine in everlasting loveliness and one is so happy with one's precarious existence that the human dilemma is forgotten.
Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, Wuerttemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. His boyhood was spent in Munich, where his father, who owned electro-technical.
Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, Germany. He was the first child born to Hermann and Pauline Einstein. Though he attended school as a young boy,
Albert Einstein is one of the most recognized and well-known scientists of the century. His theories solved centuries-old problems in physics and rocked even.
1/18/2019 · Albert Einstein, the German-born Nobel prize-winning physicist, became an outspoken civil rights advocate after immigrating to the United States in the 1930s to escape the Nazis.
Today is Albert Einstein's birthday, and it also coincides with Pi day, which celebrates the well known mathematical constant π, that when rounded to two decimal places has a numerical value of 3.14.
What Is Marie And Pierre Curie Famous For "Radioactive" charts the scientific and romantic passions of Marie and Pierre Curie, and the transformative effects of the discoveries of the wife and husband team throughout the 20th century. Satrapi. Born Maria Sklodowska on November 7, 1867, Marie Curie became the first girl to win a Nobel Prize and the first man –man or woman–to
Albert Einstein was one of the most renowned and celebrated scientists of the 20th Century, so it is no surprise that people continue to quote the German-born physicist more than 60 years after his.
Jun 21, 2019. Albert Einstein, (born March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany—died April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.), German-born physicist.
Albert Einstein: A Biography, by Albrecht Folsing, is a comprehensive and very readable biography of the 20th century's greatest scientist. A reader's lack of a college-level scientific background will not diminish the appeal and understanding of this book.
Israel's Hebrew University put on display on Wednesday a collection of 110 manuscript pages written by Albert Einstein, many of which it said had never been shown in public before. They include.
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) ek famous scientist rahaa jiske 1921 me Physics ke khatir Nobel Prize mila rahaa. Einstein, light, matter, gravity, space, aur time ke theory khatir famous hae. Uske theory me rahaa theory of special relativity aur theory of general relativity.
Albert Einstein is perhaps the most famous scientist of all time. Both his image and brilliant work on theoretical physics live on today and he serves as an inspiration to young scientists around the world. Read on for interesting facts, quotes and information about Albert Einstein. Albert Einstein.
Albert Einstein Contribution To Quantum Mechanics Instead, another well-known scientific theory — Albert Einstein's famous Theory of Relativity. (2017, October 3). Breaking the rules: Heavy chemical elements alter theory of quantum mechanics. Apr 02, 2016 · Albert Einstein's theory of relativity is arguably the greatest contribution to physics of all time. It is a platform for much of science today and is
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) The father of modern physics. Do you recognise the person in the picture on the right? It's Einstein! You probably know him for his famous equation E = mc². Did you know you can measure the speed of light using Einstein's famous equation, a chocolate bar and a microwave?
The Nobel Museum in Stockholm has been gifted Albert Einstein's first paper published after he received the Nobel Prize in.
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Albert Einstein with his wife Elsa Einstein and other Zionist leaders, Menachem Ussishkin, Chaim Weizmann, Mrs. Weizmann, and Ben-Zion Mossinson on arrival in New York, 1921.
Albert Einstein is undoubtedly one of the most fascinating and influential figures of the modern era. As a preeminent physicist, he radically transformed our.
Jun 14, 2019. On March 14, 1879, Albert Einstein is born, the son of a Jewish electrical engineer in Ulm, Germany. Einstein's theories of special and general.
Oct 27, 2009. The German-born physicist Albert Einstein developed the first of his groundbreaking theories while working as a clerk in the Swiss patent office.
Albert Einstein: Albert Einstein, German-born physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Einstein is generally considered the most influential physicist of the 20th century.
Posted byadmin July 10, 2019 Posted inScience Life
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Ouija Seance: The Final Game comes to VOD July 3, 2018 and one DVD August 3, 2018. Please subscribe to the Film Threat YouTube channel for more videos. Thank you. We like it when you subscribe. Il y a dix ans, il etait ouvrier specialise et delegue syndical, toujours sur le pont, toujours pret au combat. Cinenews a selectionne pour vous 5 films qui tournent autour du monde du reve. Petersburg was looking for one hundred years of solitude analysis essay audiobook youtube Quinton Gill found the answer to a search query one hundred years of solitude analysis essay audiobook youtube one hundred years of solitude analysis essay audiobook youtube ( ) ( ) writing college application essay sample ideas100 college essay black lives matter admission, 100 college essay york timeshow to write a 8 10 page research paper outline100 college essay yale pizza online. Check out this story on statesmanjournal. om: Cancel Send Sent. But it gets worse. Horror movies, even bad ones, need their own internal logic. In his film, horrible things happen for seemingly random reasons. There's a nod here and there to an explanation, but it never gels. No one seems to be trying very hard to make any sense of things. It's just one cheap jolt after another, tossed out in the hopes that hey, it's a scary movie, horror fans will buy a ticket no matter what. They usually do. Thus the original advice: Just say no. A prologue, in which two young girls play with a Ouija board, is promising enough. It lays some ground rules for playing with the board, which supposedly can be used to contact spirits: Never use it alone, never use it in a graveyard, etc.
Paris: Prsence Africaine, 1969. . Le Cinma africain des origines 1973. Paris: Prsence Africaine, 1975. uhur, Sherifa, ed. Images of Enchantment: Visual and Performing Arts of the Middle East. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1998. , ed. Colors of Enchantment: Th eatre, Dance, Music, and the Visual Arts of the Middle East. Mont-pellier, from 1979. Adhoua. Paris, 19801981 (four issues). frica: Film and TV. Harare, Zimbabwe: Z Promo- tions, from 1993. fricultures 168. Paris: ditions LHarmattan, since 1997. iennale des cinmas arabes Paris (catalogues). Paris: Institut du Monde Arabe, from 1992. inma 3.
The center, composed of tax-policy veterans from both major political parties, released updated analyses Tuesday of the candidates' plans. "I think what you are finding is the macroeconomics (of the plans) are not all that large," Len Burman, the center's director, said in a phone call with reporters. When accounting for how the deep tax cuts could reverberate in the economy, the center concluded that Trump's plan would shave a little off of what still amounted to an enormous increase in the national debt. The Trump campaign has promised unspecified spending cuts to offset at least some of that lost tax revenue. Debt and deficits received scant attention in the first two presidential debates. The Concord Coalition, a nonpartisan budget watchdog organization, called on the candidates to address those issues during Wednesday's final debate. "As the economy recovered in recent years from the Great Recession, federal deficits fell. Special Envoy Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed said he hopes the temporary truce can lead to "permanent and lasting end to the conflict. �� Ahmed said in a statement Monday that he received assurances from all parties to the conflict o cease hostilities at 11:59 p. . local time on Wednesday for an initial period of 72 hours that is subject to renewal. The warring factions agreed to follow the conditions of a temporary April cease-fire agreement, he said. The agreement requires them to "to allow free and unhindered access for humanitarian supplies and personnel" to all parts of Yemen, he said. The war in Yemen began in 2014 when Shiite rebels known as Houthis based in the north seized the capital, Sanaa. In March 2015, Saudi Arabia and its Gulf allies launched a campaign of airstrikes against the rebels. The Saudi-led coalition and the United States are backing the internationally recognized government of Yemen's president, Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi. More than 4,000 civilians have been killed and 3 million of the country's 26 million people have been driven from their homes by the fighting. Hunger has become widespread in the Arab world's poorest country. USA TODAY Obama: Yemen strikes were 'limited and proportionate' The southern city of Taiz is one of the hardest-hit areas.
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Allele frequency
Allele frequency is a measure of the relative frequency of an allele at a genetic locus in a population. Usually it is expressed as a proportion or a percentage. In population genetics, allele frequencies are used to depict the amount of genetic diversity at the individual, population, or species level.
a particular locus on a chromosome and the gene occupying that locus
a population of individuals carrying n loci in each of their somatic cells (e.g. two loci in the cells of diploid species, which contain two sets of chromosomes)
variants or alleles of the gene exist,
then the allele frequency is the fraction or percentage of times that a given allele is present at a locus within the population.
For example, if the frequency of an allele is 20% in a given population, then among population members, one in five chromosomes will carry that allele. Four out of five will be occupied by other variant(s) of the gene. Note that for diploid genes the fraction of individuals that carry this allele may be nearly two in five. If the allele distributes randomly, then the binomial theorem will apply: 32% of the population will be heterozygous for the allele (i.e. carry one copy of that allele and one copy of another in each somatic cell) and 4% will be homozygous (carrying two copies of the allele). Together, this means that 36% of diploid individuals would be expected to carry an allele that has a frequency of 20%. However, alleles distribute randomly only under certain assumptions, including the absence of selection. When these conditions apply, a population is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
The frequencies of all the alleles of a given gene often are graphed together as an allele frequency distribution histogram, or allele frequency spectrum. Population genetics studies the different "forces" that might lead to changes in the distribution and frequencies of alleles -- in other words, to evolution. Besides selection, these forces include genetic drift, mutation and migration.
1 Calculation of allele frequencies from genotype frequencies
2 An example population
3 The effect of mutation
Calculation of allele frequencies from genotype frequencies
If f ( A A ) {\displaystyle f(AA)} , f ( A a ) {\displaystyle f(Aa)} , and f ( a a ) {\displaystyle f(aa)} are the frequencies of the three genotypes at a locus with two alleles, then the frequency p of the A-allele and the frequency q of the a-allele are obtained by counting alleles. Because each homozygote AA consists only of A-alleles, and because half of the alleles of each heterozygote Aa are A-alleles, the total frequency p of A-alleles in the population is calculated as
p = f ( A A ) + 1 2 f ( A a ) = {\displaystyle p=f(\mathbf {AA} )+{\frac {1}{2}}f(\mathbf {Aa} )=} frequency of A
Similarly, the frequency q of the a allele is given by
q = f ( a a ) + 1 2 f ( A a ) = {\displaystyle q=f(\mathbf {aa} )+{\frac {1}{2}}f(\mathbf {Aa} )=} frequency of a
It would be expected that p and q sum to 1, since they are the frequencies of the only two alleles present. Indeed they do:
p + q = f ( A A ) + f ( a a ) + f ( A a ) = 1 {\displaystyle p+q=f(\mathbf {AA} )+f(\mathbf {aa} )+f(\mathbf {Aa} )=1}
and from this we get:
q = 1 − p {\displaystyle q=1-p} and p = 1 − q {\displaystyle p=1-q}
If there are more than two different allelic forms, the frequency for each allele is simply the frequency of its homozygote plus half the sum of the frequencies for all the heterozygotes in which it appears. Allele frequency can always be calculated from genotype frequency, whereas the reverse requires that the Hardy-Weinberg conditions of random mating apply. This is partly due to the three genotype frequencies and the two allele frequencies. It is easier to reduce from three to two.
An example population
Consider a population of ten individuals and a given locus with two possible alleles, A and a. Suppose that the genotypes of the individuals are as follows:
AA, Aa, AA, aa, Aa, AA, AA, Aa, Aa, and AA
Then the allele frequencies of allele A and allele a are:
p = p r o b A = 2 + 1 + 2 + 0 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 2 20 = 0.7 {\displaystyle p=prob_{A}={\frac {2+1+2+0+1+2+2+1+1+2}{20}}=0.7}
so if an individual is chosen at random there is a 70% chance it will carry that allele
q = p r o b a = 0 + 1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 1 + 0 20 = 0.3 {\displaystyle q=prob_{a}={\frac {0+1+0+2+1+0+0+1+1+0}{20}}=0.3}
and there is a 30% chance that an individual chosen at random will have the a-allele and everyone poops and carly likes cameron D
The effect of mutation
Let ù be the mutation rate from allele A to some other allele a ( the probability that a copy of gene A will become a during the DNA replication preceding meiosis). If p t {\displaystyle p_{t}} is the frequency of the A allele in generation t, if q t = 1 − p t {\displaystyle q_{t}=1-p_{t}} is the frequency of the a allele in generation t, and if there are no other causes of gene frequency change (no natural selection, for example), then the change in allele frequency in one generation is
Δ p t − p t − 1 = ( p t − 1 − u ´ p t − 1 ) − p t − 1 = − u ´ p t − 1 {\displaystyle \Delta p_{t}-p_{t-1}=\left(p_{t-1}-{\acute {u}}p_{t-1}\right)-p_{t-1}=-{\acute {u}}p_{t-1}}
where p t − 1 {\displaystyle p_{t-1}} is the frequency of the preceding generation. This tells us that the frequency of A decreases (and the frequency of a increases) by an amount that is proportional to the mutation rate ú and to the proportion p of all the genes that are still available to mutate. Thus Δ p {\displaystyle \Delta p} gets smaller as the frequency of p itself decreases, because there are fewer and fewer A alleles to mutate into a alleles. We can make an approximation that, after n generations of mutation,
p n = p 0 e − n u ´ {\displaystyle p_{n}=p_{0}e^{-n{\acute {u}}}}
Genotype frequency
Hardy-Weinberg principle
ALFRED database
Cheung, KH (2000). "ALFRED: an allele frequency database for diverse populations and DNA polymorphisms". Nucleic Acids Research. 28 (1): 361–3. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
Topics in molecular evolution
Background selection • Balancing selection • Directional selection • Disruptive selection • Negative selection • Stabilizing selection • Selective sweep
Models of DNA evolution • Models of nucleotide substitution • Allele frequency • Ka/Ks ratio • Tajima's D
Molecular processes
Gene conversion • Gene duplication • Silent mutation • Synonymous substitution
ca:Freqüència al·lèlica de:Genfrequenz it:Frequenza allelica nl:Genfrequentie
Template:Jb1 Template:WH Template:WS
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Allele_frequency&oldid=668095"
Pages with citations using unsupported parameters
Genetic genealogy
This page was last edited 20:53, 8 August 2012 by wikidoc user WikiBot.


So for a while I've wanted to get back into being more creative. In my youth and up to my 30's I pursued creativity. I wrote, I drew, I painted, I was into photography, I played different musical instruments, creativity was an everyday part of my life.
Then I had a baby and became a stay at home dad.
My creative life slowly started to disappear as my responsibilities to my daughter became more paramount. As any parent will tell you, it's not easy finding time for yourself when you're looking after a toddler. Your life become less about yourself, and more about your kid, and that's the way it should be. However now that my kid is 18? I think it's time to start reminding myself of who I am, and expressing that through art.
That's why I dug up this old WordPress account, deleted the only three posts I had on here, and decided to start a blog about my attempt to reignite the creativity that I once had in my life. I figure, this can be the catalyst to start the new year right. Dedicate 2018 to being more creative!
Which is exactly what I did at the start of 2017.
Oh sure, I started out strong. I leaned heavily into my snapchat game. Came up with creative ways to snap little movies. Took lots of pictures. But eventually, and obviously the reason I'm writing this post, is because I stopped my pursuit. I couldn't feel that rush that I used to feel from creating. My brain wasn't diving in deep like it used to. I felt like I wasn't expressing myself in a way that honored the muse. In a way that truly expressed my creative side. I fell back into the habits of a non creative life. I gave up on myself.
I'm trying again. A new year. A new start. I really want to do this. So this year I'm going to do it differently. This year I'm going to set small goals that will hopefully spark a creative streak that I can chase until it's run it's course. And at the end of 2018, I'll look back and feel like I created some good art. That's all I really want to do.
This is very good, new year's resolution. Go ahead and good luck!
Good luck! And hope it all works out the way you want.


text:
Final Fantasy 30th Anniversary Plans Will Be Revealed "Soon"
First up is a Final Fantasy XIV Escape event.
By Tamoor Hussain | @tamoorh on December 15, 2016 at 2:50AM PST
Now Playing: Final Fantasy 7 Remake - First Gameplay Trailer
Square Enix has said it will reveal its plans for Final Fantasy's 30th anniversary celebration soon.
In the latest issue of Famitsu, as reported by DualShockers, Final Fantasy brand manager Shinji Hashimoto confirmed the first event will be an Escape game held in Tokyo, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, and Osaka.
Escape games are themed mysteries in which players are taken to a real life location and asked to solve a series of puzzles to escape. Square Enix's one will be based on Final Fantasy XIV. Looking further ahead, Hashimoto said "there are things that will be announced soon, so please look forward to it."
Currently, Square Enix has a number of ongoing Final Fantasy projects in development. Among these is a remaster of Final Fantasy XII for PlayStation 4 and also a remake of Final Fantasy VII.
In January 2016, Square Enix producer Yoshinori Kitase said 2016 would be a "year of preparations" for the Final Fantasy VII remake, suggesting there's still lots of development work to be done. This also indicates that it may not launch in 2017. The remake it set to be released episodically.
For more on the Final Fantasy VII remake check out the stories below.
Final Fantasy 7 Remake Will "Go Beyond Scale, Gameplay, Story" of Original
Final Fantasy 7 Remake Being Built Using Unreal Engine 4
Final Fantasy 7 Remake Play Arts Kai Figures Revealed
Final Fantasy 7 Remake Will Feature Full Voice Acting
There are 26 comments about this story


During the Y2K scare I was determined to not only be really prepared but to do it in style. Now when I say really I mean really. I didn't want to just survive. I wanted to do it in a style that I was accustomed to. I went out and purchased a 30 plus foot motor home specifically for Y2K and proceeded to equip it with the finer things in life. I stocked up on bottles of red and white wine (This was really a good excuse I think), cans of crab meat and of course lots of canned shrimp and lobster. It was not until later after Y2K that I discovered exactly how easy and economical it was to can my own lobsters in place of purchasing those cans which were already done.
The procedure involved is really quit simple and I would like to present the some of the information that I learned in this article.
Initially of course you must either catch or purchase your live lobsters. Heat a large lobster pot of water containing 2 tablespoons of salt added to it for every gallon of water you use. Bring this water to a boil and quickly plunge your live lobsters into it. Proceed to cook them for approximately 20 minutes depending upon their size. You will know when they are finished by their red color.
When the cooking of your lobsters has been completed remove them and rapidly dip them into some cold water. Proceed then to remove all the meat from the lobsters and then wash it carefully. Drain the meat well when finished and dip it into a solution consisting of ½ cup of vinegar to two quarts of water.
Take the meat at this stage and drain any excess moisture from it. Next pack the meat into clean sterilized half pint jars. Complete the process by filling the jars with brine to within ½ inch of the top leaving room for expansion.
The brine should be made with 1 ½ tablespoon of salt to two quarts of water. I like to use sea salt for this. Process the jars in your pressure canner at ten pounds of pressure. Half pints should normally be processed for 70 minutes. Don't forget to properly adjust your pressure according to your altitude and the style of pressure canner you are using.
To reuse open the jars and rinse the lobster meat to remove the brine and salt. Flush it with clear water and you are ready to eat. The most difficult part of this canning procedure is making sure the lobster goes into the jars and not eating it first!


text:
Twin Cities Daily Planet (https://www.tcdailyplanet.net/opinion-creating-history/)
OPINION | Creating history
By Al McFarlane (Insight News) | November 8, 2011
L-R: Anthony Taylor, Founding Member, Major Taylor Bicycling Club of Minnesota, Louis Moore, President, Major Taylor Bicycling Club of Minnesota, and Al McFarlane, Insight News Editor-in-Chief (Photo: Redd Vizion)
At 64, I am having the time of my life getting around town on my bicycle.
Of course, the dyed-in-the-wool cyclist might sneer at me, making mockery of my unbridled enthusiasm. The super serious cyclists, I am learning, have been riding for decades and scores of years. And they are principled in championing the virtue of being environmentally conscious in their commitment to deploy musculoskeletal energy rather than expensive biofuels for recreation and transportation mobility.
I imagine they would say to a guy like me, "What took you so long to wake up?"
Be that as it may, my rediscovery of bicycling is igniting new joy in my life. It's like discovering a truth, or having a great experience, or learning to ride a bike for the first time, all over again.
For me, the tipping point was connecting with my friends in the Major Taylor Bicycling Club at their Urban Bike Festival, presented this summer in conjunction with Rondo Days in St. Paul.
Of course, Rondo Days in itself was a great joy. Thousands of old friends and people I was meeting for the first time, crowded in to a festival area big enough to stroll comfortably, but compact enough to reach out and touch someone.
Elbow close, you navigated through friendly smiles, energetic shrieks of kids having fun, and helpful vendors hawking information you could use to make you healthier, wealthier and wiser.
And then there was the Urban Bike Festival. Cycling guru Anthony Taylor and his Major Taylor Bicycling Club team member had it all laid out. Bicycles everywhere. Bicycles being given away to deserving kids from the neighborhood., Bicycle clinics where master bike mechanics would tune your bike or tell you stories about their love of the path.
Sports equipment businesses were on hand with promotional giveaways and genuine invitations to come visit their shops to learn more about the world of cycling and other outdoor activity.
So Anthony Taylor says to me, "I got a bike for you, Al." He shows me a brand new Giant bike. I'm thinking, "Real cool." But I ask, "What is it, a three speed?" Of course I had just revealed how far out of touch I was with cycling. Taylor, not making me feel stupid, said, "No, Al. How about 21 speeds."
"I'll take two. One for me and one for my partner B.P. Ford," I said. And the rest, as they say, is history. In this case, it is history in the making, because I am convinced that we, as a community, can make history, create history on the biking trail.
Left: 5th Ward Councilmember Don Samuels, 4th Ward Councilmember Barbara Johnson with grandchildren Louis and Alice Piper, and Senator Linda Higgins (MN-58) (Photo: Rabin Osborne)
Taylor delivered my bikes the afternoon prior to the Minneapolis Urban League's Family Day event in North Minneapolis. The Major Taylor Bicycling Club was conducting a bike ride as part of Family Day.
The Saturday morning ride team assembled at the NorthPoint Health and Wellness Center parking lot across from the Urban League. Bikes were tuned. Bottled water and energy snacks were handed out. And off we rode west on Plymouth into Theodore Wirth Park, past the Golf Course and into a magnificently beautiful terrain that I never knew existed.
The lesson, Taylor says, is that there is a world of beauty for pedestrians and cyclists that belongs to us, that is accessible to us, and that we cannot know unless we get out of automobiles and explore the trails in our community and beyond.
He said the sense of what is our community shifts, broadens and expands as you engage the world on a bicycle or explore the marvelous walking trails.
"I want us to know more about our world, our community and this is an important, healthful, natural and beneficial way to engage the geography as you create and expand community," he said.
Taylor was absolutely right.
After what seem like only a few minutes we were taking a break and looking at Minnetonka in the near distance. I mean, generally speaking, when you are sitting around at Plymouth & Penn in North Minneapolis, you think of Minnetonka as being somewhere far…a healthy drive but certainly not a casual bike ride away or within walking distance. Yet, here we were, in Plymouth, gazing at Minnetonka, and feeling real good that for those of us who hadn't ridden a bicycle since the 3-speed was state of the art bicycle technology, we made it. We were back in the saddle again.
I've told people on several occasions how revelatory the Family Day bike ride was. There were cyclists who were older than me. There were cyclists who were bigger than me. There were cyclists with infants in tow in custom baby trailer carts. And there with cyclists who were about three feet tall whose teeny bikes were slightly larger than tricycles and big wheels. These little people, blessed with infinite energy, seemed to be leading the ride, under the tutelage of the Major Taylor Club ride masters.
The point is this: Here is community. 20-30 adults and elders, infants, toddlers and teens, cruising together down Plymouth Avenue and beyond. This is community.
I have been riding my bike almost every day since. And right now, my mind is fixed on riding into the winter…for as long as I can ride safely. What I do know is that many cyclists ride year round, even on the most difficult snow days and when temperatures are extremely low. Here's my attitude: If they can do it, I can do it. We shall see.
I work 3.1 miles from home. The bike ride down Plymouth Avenue and the return route up Plymouth or through the neighborhood heading west on 14th, 15th or 16th, is a joy. It is a different way of looking at the neighborhood and at your neighbors. You see things you had not noticed before and you feel the neighborhood differently.
This month included a growing celebration called Bike Walk Week. Bike Walk Week is designed to highlight the advantages of getting around in a multi-modal fashion. The premise is that bicycling and walking are more than just leisure activities – they promote better health, a cleaner environment, and can save you money.
Bike Walk Week encourages people to continue to incorporate walking and bicycling in their transportation options.
On Monday October 3, Nice Ride Minnesota launched its Saint Paul presence with a ride and tour of the new Nice Ride stations in Saint Paul.
On Thursday October 6, the October Bike Walk to Work Day encouraged those who have been walking or riding to keep going as seasons change. A Downtown Minneapolis Commuter Fair at the IDS Center offered resources to help make commuting to work easier. The day included exploring new bicycle routes in Northeast Minneapolis.
On Saturday October 8, Minneapolis City Council President Barb Johnson, joined by State Senator Linda Higgins and 5th Ward Council Member, Don Samuels cut the ribbon for the grand opening of the Emerson/Fremont bike lanes in North Minneapolis. The grand opening celebration included a parade and group ride featuring custom bikes, antique bikes, and Nice Ride bicycles. Cyclists and walkers gathered at Lowry & Fremont, across from North Regional Library, for a parade and ride that ended at Venture North Bike Walk Center, on Glenwood & Morgan N. Third Ward City Council Member Diane Hofstede joined State Representative Bobby Joe Champion and cultural wellness philosopher, Atum Azzahir, in extolling the benefits of bicycling, walking, sharing and doing business with neighborhood businesses. Live entertainment and soulful emceeing by KMOJ's Chaz Millionaire wrapped the event in a positive vibe that affirmed the feeling of family in our community.
The parade and walk feature and lunch and refreshments stop behind Cookie Cart on West Broadway, where residents met the principals of the J.B. Hood Bicycle Shop. The J.B. Hood crew invents and custom builds bicycles and electric assisted bicycles and carts. Both J.B. Hood and Venture North are significant entrepreneurial investments that stand to contribute to the retooling and reinvention of North Minneapolis as a place where micro-businesses can flourish and multiply.
On Sunday October 9, the grand opening of the new 1st and Blaisdell bike lanes in South Minneapolis included ribbon cutting at MLK Park (40th & Nicollet), and bike safety at the 5th Precinct.
Bicycling is a big deal. A really big deal. In fact, Governor Mark Dayton declared October Safe Routes to School Month to highlight the benefits of walking and bicycling to school. Local, state and national Safe Routes to School efforts support walking and bicycling to school year-round based on research that shows that kids who walk or bicycle to school are healthier and arrive more focused and ready to learn.
For example, a 15-minute walk or bicycle ride to and from school each day will help kids achieve half of their daily physical activity needs.
"Walking and bicycling to school is a great way to find time to get physically active," said Dr. Ed Ehlinger, Minnesota Commissioner of Health. "The whole community benefits when more kids walk and bicycle to school."
In addition to the health benefits, research shows that kids who walk or bicycle to school have fewer behavior problems and tend to have better academic achievement.
"Healthy kids are better learners," said Minnesota Education Commissioner Brenda Cassellius. "By encouraging children to walk and ride their bikes to school – and by modeling those activities as adults – we're helping them establish lifelong patterns of fitness that will benefit them in school and at work."
"Walking and bicycling are important components of a complete transportation system and of Minnesota's quality of life," said Transportation Commissioner Tom Sorel. "People of all ages deserve to arrive at their destinations safely."
Across Minnesota, Safe Routes to School is a growing movement that has more than 115 schools reaching more than 78,000 students and staff to support more active and healthier lifestyles.
And bicycling is big in our community, really big. A recent press release from the Major Taylor Bicycling Club talked about Nelson Vails, the only African American Olympic Medalist, being guest speaker at the National Brotherhood of Cyclists conference at the Marriot Downtown Oakland last August. The conference also featured Angela Davis, political activist, scholar and author who talked about race, inequity and justice.
Nelson Vails' nickname, Cheetah, was derived from his career as a bike messenger in NYC, as well as his acclaimed silver medal win in the 1984 Olympics. He went on to race in Europe, Japan and Australia and race professionally from 1988-1994.
Vails remains involved in cycling through bike groups and lives in Las Vegas. On Nov. 7th, 2009, Vails was inducted into the US Bicycling Hall of Fame. He came from a poor neighborhood in Harlem and through hard work and determination broke into what was once seen as a middle class, white-man's sport.
Anthony Taylor is Vice President of NBC. He said, "The importance of bringing bicycling to diverse populations continues to increase as health and lifestyle concerns are some of the biggest obstacles to leading healthier lives, as well as building our communities with the intention of better living."
The National Brotherhood of Cyclists (NBC), is an association of affiliate cycling clubs open to anyone regardless of race, color, ethnic origin, religion, sex, national origin, age or disability. NBC is establishing itself as a "hub" for other cycling clubs and bicycling related organizations around the country that are working to be more inclusive and improve collaboration between newly established organizations such as the National Brotherhood of Cyclists with more established cycling advocacy groups such as the League of American Cyclists, Safe Routes To School, USA Cycling and the Alliance for Biking and Walking.
NBC was founded in 2008 by a group of grassroots African American cycling clubs from around the USA that recognized the need to create a national organization to promote a love of cycling, increase diversity, and decrease health disparities that affect all communities by raising awareness of personal health and the health benefits of cycling to diverse populations.
Major Taylor Bicycling Club highlights the health benefits and the rediscovered utility of the bicycle. "There has been a significant increase in bicycling for health and transportation and we are committed to increasing access, awareness and the opportunities for our community. With the Support of Bike Walk Twin Cities and REI we are able to get information, maps and training to the community in one day. We have begun a tradition of giving bikes away to community families and this year we were able to give away 60 bikes. We are amazed at the number of community members who want bikes for themselves or their children and this turns out to be an incredible gift to the community. We are also able to get over 100 helmets in the hands of kids to make biking safer.
"We awarded Walter Anderson and the Plymouth Christian Youth Center youth bikes that they will use as part of the personal development initiative," he said.
"We view the bike as a vehicle for change. We can support community health improvement and support community safety and bring individuals and families together," he said.
"There is a transportation revolution happening and this one is based on the bicycle, not the car. This transportation revolution will build community, increase engagement, increase the health and well-being of our families and neighborhoods. Our goal is to be leaders in this paradigm shift," he said.
Luce Guillen-Givins


text:
Q: What does an arrow pointing upwards mean in pseudocode? I am encountering an up-arrow in pseudocode examples of balanced binary search trees. What is the author intending to denote by the use of such a symbol which can either follow or precede a variable?
type data = ....;
  Tree = ↑node;
  node = record
    left, right: Tree;
    level: integer;
    key: data;
  end;
var bottom, deleted, last: Tree;

procedure InitGlobalVariables;
begin
  new (bottom);
  bottom↑.level := 0;
  bottom↑.left := bottom;
  bottom↑.right := bottom;
  deleted := bottom;
end;

This pseudocode is a reference to building Red-Black-Trees found here written by Arne Andersson.

A: The up-arrow is not a standard. In fact pseudo-code is not really a standard either so each author has some liberty in what notations they use.
The author should have made a legend for the pseudo-code explaining what the up-arrow means.
My interpretation is that it is intended to show that Tree is a pointer to a data structure of type node. The notation is somewhat reminiscent of Pascal.
And the up-arrow following a variable is intended to denote that the pointer variable is being dereferenced .

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Islanders woes continue as Barry Trotz, Ryan Pulock enter COVID protocol
By Joe Pantorno
Barry Trotz
As the Islanders prepare to finally take the ice once again after another long layoff, the COVID bug has crept its way into their ranks once again.
The team announced on Tuesday that head coach Barry Trotz and defenseman Ryan Pulock were placed on the COVID list — their first two cases since forward Brock Nelson was placed in protocols on Dec. 28.
It's been a difficult few weeks for Trotz, who took a leave of absence on New Year's Day to be with his family after the death of his mother. He returned to the Islanders on Saturday after associate head coach Lane Lambert oversaw things during his absence.
"Barry is such an empathetic guy himself," Islanders captain Anders Lee said on Tuesday. "Always looking after everyone in this organization… a good family man. He's been through a lot lately now with the COVID, we wish him the best… We know he's itching to be back here and we'll make sure we take care of business while he's away."
[ALSO READ: Noah Dobson's 'confidence' name of impressive evolution game for Islanders]
Trotz missed the Islanders' last game on Jan. 1 against the Edmonton Oilers due to those personal reasons and is now poised to miss the team's next outing scheduled for Thursday at UBS Arena against the New Jersey Devils.
It will be the Islanders' third game since Dec. 20 — an incredibly light schedule over a 25-day stretch that will frantically be made up in the ensuing three months.
Ryan Pulock/John E. Sokolowski-USA TODAY Sports
COVID also provides another wrench in Pulock's return to the team. The Islanders' No. 1 defenseman has been out since Nov. 15 due to a lower-body injury and was originally given a 4-to-6 week timetable for a return. It will now at least be over two months since he played his last game, though he wasn't all that close to getting back on the ice for games. The 27-year-old had begun skating, but not with the team, indicating that there still was a bit more rehabbing to do before returning to action.
Joe Pantorno
Pantorno joined amNewYork Metro as sports editor in January of 2020 after two years at the same position with Metro New York. He covers all eight major professional sports teams in the Big Apple, most notably the Mets and Islanders. His previous stops include Bleacher Report while his work has been featured in the New York Post, Newsday, and Yahoo! Sports.
Zach Parise settling into new life with Islanders at training camp
NHL says 98% of players will be vaccinated by opening night
'It's kind of full circle': Zdeno Chara returning to where it all began with Islanders
Islanders sign old friend in Zdeno Chara to 1-year deal


It seems my advisor doesn't trust me, but why?
I joined a lab a few weeks before X and we both worked on the same project until recently, and both made significant contributions to the project - but I was first author on the paper. Without telling me, my advisor asked X, the second listed author, to present our work at a local conference, instead of simply asking us both who would be available. I did not even know about it until X asked me to review his presentation.
He asked X to review an article in his name, about something that I know more about: the manuscript is focusing on something very similar to what I was working on during my Master's, whereas X is unfamiliar with some fairly important notions in this sub-field. One again, I learned about it by chance.
Both X and I have moved on to different projects now, and are both working full time on these. A collaborator suggested a new side project that would quickly and easily lead to a paper. Guess who was offered the opportunity to join that project (despite not having more relevant experience)? That's right: X again.
I don't think I mentioned anything along the lines of "I have so much work I can't do anything more" but I also don't think I came out as idle or unproductive. I show initiative (or at least I believe I do) so I really have no I idea why I'm not given these opportunities to learn and/or build an academic record.
I'm afraid that asking if something is wrong would make my advisor defensive, and make me appear like a negative person - which obviously does not help. But if I'm doing something wrong (or not sending the right signals, or anything like that) I have no idea what, and I would like to fix it as soon as possible.
Any idea about how to approach this issue diplomatically?
You may be misinterpreting and actually getting it backwards. Of course, I don't know the prof or the other interactions, but much of what you write here could well be explained by your advisor trusting you completely to get it right and the other student needing more help and practice to get up to where you are.
Student X may need all the help they can get, whereas you are trusted to make it without the need for extra intervention. It could also be that some people know you already have enough to do.
I could be wrong, of course.
But it would be worth having a face to face conversation asking your advisor for advice on your progress and, especially, any advice on what to do to position yourself for a great career. I'll guess that if there are any reservations about you that they would become obvious in such a conversation without having to directly ask whether you are trusted or not. And if you are trusted, the advice would probably be pretty valuable in the future.
Based on your own judgement, is your contribution is much more significant than that of X? If no, then maybe your advisor is trying to balance the credits. You are the first author, but then X is allowed to present. Would you choose the other way round, i.e. to present the paper with X as the first author?
Not sure what do you mean by "in his name". But reviewing an article is often considered as an exercise to get familiar with the field. As you already worked on this topic in your Masters, X was the one who needed to do this exercise.
A collaborator suggested a new side project that would quickly and easily lead to a paper.
At the end of the day, your advisor needed to make a choice. If he chose you, perhaps perhaps it were X to ask this question. Maybe the next opportunity is your turn. Maybe you are closer to your own paper, and your advisor wants you to focus on your own project. I would not too fast to jump on the conclusion that your advisor favors X. From what you have described, I do not see any problem with the advisor-advisee relationship. It seems to me that you just overthink it.
I would at least bring it up since it is on your mind. But I would not escalate it to an ultimatum. The story rings true and I have seen similar. Some people you need to at let them know the objection or they continue to walk on you. But again, I would not expect satisfaction. But at least get it off your chest and get the guy on notice.
Oh...and take care of yourself on papers going forward (take first author, write stuff up before discussion, etc.) Continue to include X and the advisor, but stay in front on the papers. Most important thing. Oh...and finish up and get out of there ASAP. Sounds like you are a self sufficient as a researcher and the relationship is turning competitive.
Should you (i.e. is this really evidence you are not trusted) broach the subject.
Can you do it tactfully.
The first one, has already been weighed in on. The answers sound very reasonable to me and while they may not be right there is no substitute for knowing those involved directly, there isn't anything I feel qualified to add .
Secondly (if you want to proceed anyway) is tricky. Effectively it boils down to you telling your supervisor: Either you have underestimated my ability or have systematically treated me as such.
On a case by case basis you might get further. If you know there is something coming up you would like to be considered for and you show enthusiasm for it, you might get better odds irrespective of trust issues.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged phd graduate-school advisor workplace or ask your own question.
What should I do if someone submit a review of a manuscript in journal system sooner than I know and I already prepared a detailed review?
Losing faith in my PhD advisor?
How to confront advisor about the expectation that I will support another student's project for extended period of time?
When is the right time to tell my advisor that I plan on leaving my PhD program?
How do I tell my PhD advisor that I'm about to start medications that impair my cognition?
My PhD advisor thinks my progress is poor. How should I proceed?
What should I do if I think that my former supervisor has published our results without citation or acknowledgment?
Should I decline unrelated work assigned by PhD advisor?
Is it typical for STEM students to be responsible for coming up with their own thesis projects?


For decades, business owners and marketers alike relied on various medium to get their message across their preferred audience. However, when it comes to the capability of telling compelling stories that resonate across different niche, nothing can beat content marketing.
As a process, content marketing involves creating high-quality materials such as blogs, articles, videos, infographics, and emails that aim to educate, entertain, and inform the buyers. While it shares the same end goal as traditional marketing i.e. achieve higher quality leads and sales, the way content marketing draw attention and establishes a genuine relationship with the audience is what truly sets it apart from the scene.
Nowadays, people are becoming more hostile towards aggressive marketing aka in-your-face sales tactics. In response to this changing mindset of the market, smart marketers use content marketing to approach their target audience in a subtler way – by giving them content that can help them create informed a purchase decision. This ensures that their customer's needs are met, while at the same time placing the brand as a reliable and trustworthy business that customers would love to have business with in the long run.
This inherent nature of content marketing pretty much explains why it's still relevant this 2017 and in the years to come. But if you want a more detailed explanation, check the infographic provided by our peers from Harris Myers.


An estimated 75% of dogs in shelters are considered "mixed breed," meaning their personality, looks and behavior are constructed from an open and varied gene pool. Oddly enough, the most noticeable trait – visual identification – is hardly a reliable indicator of breed. That's because only 50 of a dog's nearly 20,000 genes are associated with physical appearance. In other words, just one quarter of one percent of a dog's entire genome affects looks. Multiple studies also show that a dog's appearance does not necessarily determine breed. For example, in one study conducted by the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Florida, a group of self-declared "dog experts" made up of veterinarians, trainers, and breeders correctly identified the predominate breed of a dog only 27% of the time.
Because visual identification has been proven to be highly inaccurate, we at AWLA are no longer going to speculate on a dog's breed. That isn't to say that breeds or breed traits don't exist. Certainly, they do. But, guessing at a dog's breed, and how it may or may not manifest itself, is not nearly as reliable as the information our expert staff and volunteers gather daily while observing the dogs in our care. The behavior of all dogs is influenced by many outside factors and there is no guarantee a dog will act a specific way based on its appearance.
So, we are reframing how we represent our adoptable dogs and only providing information that we know for certain, or observe firsthand, like weight, age (often an educated guess), and personality. Viewing each dog as an individual will allow adopters to make the best choice for their family and living situation, rather than encouraging inaccurate assumptions based only on appearance.


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Austria proposes taxing internet giants 5 percent of ad revenue
VIENNA, Austria (AFP) — Austria on Wednesday proposed taxing internet giants such as Google and Facebook five percent of their digital advertising revenue, a higher rate than France and other EU countries are seeking.
Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz said the tax aimed to stop the "unfairness" of internet giants who have until now routed their sales through subsidiaries in low-tax EU members.
The government hopes that the new tax, which still has to be approved by parliament, will bring in 200 million euros ($225 million) per year from 2020.
It targets businesses with an annual worldwide revenue of at least 750 million euros, of which at least 25 million euros is made in Austria.
In other plans announced on Wednesday, Austria will seek to make registration mandatory for online booking platforms, including home-sharing giant Airbnb.
The current VAT exemption for articles sold online for less than 22 euros will also be abolished as part of the changes.
Early last month, France introduced a bill for a three percent "GAFA tax" — using an acronym for US giants Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon — on digital advertising, websites and the resale of private data.
Finance Minister Hartwig Loeger said Austria wanted a higher tax rate than that in order to make up for all the years that internet giants avoided taxes.
Some of the additional money flowing to government coffers will be used to support the digitalisation of Austrian media, he said.
In France, the tax is to be applied retroactively on revenue from January 1, 2019, bringing in 400 million euros to the public purse this year, and 650 million by 2022.
Other countries including Britain, Spain, Japan, Singapore and India are also working on similar schemes.
After an earlier failure to reach consensus at the European Union level, France says it is now seeking "common ground" on the issue with fellow members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in order to reach a worldwide accord by next year.
© Agence France-Presse
Internet a lifeline for Venezuela's embattled independent media July 17, 2019
Paris clashes tarnish Macron's military parade July 15, 2019
European Parliament chooses new president, completing top EU jobs July 3, 2019
French consumer group launches class action against Google for violating EU's data privacy laws June 26, 2019
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text:
Q: excel active x control button is not working suddenly I'm working with excel macro-enabled files,
Today I just found out the button i made was not working-cannot be click- which was working yesterday.
And digging up the matter,
I found out that other Activce X controls is not working also, and I cannot event insert Activce X controls.
when i try to insert Activce X controls (just normal basic button)
excel give me "Cannot insert object" message box.
And It's same with my colleague's computer.
Is only us having this problem today?
and was there had any MS-updates related to this issue yesterday?

A: https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/office/en-US/94d0b004-3303-421d-9ed2-351683b89d08/sudden-problems-with-inserting-activex-basic-controls-such-as-command-buttons?forum=officeitproprevious
found out the solution.
Quit Excel.
Start Windows Explorer.
Select the system drive (usually C:).
Use the Search box to search for *.exd
Delete all found files.
(Thanks to Excel MVP RoryA for this tip)
Regards, Hans Vogelaar (http://www.eileenslounge.com)

A: The same thing happened to me today.  Not only could I not insert the activex object, but the one I had used for a number of years would not work.  Apparently both answers are correct.  Microsoft advised to find and delete the *.exd files or use the fix-it tool under for symptom 1 in their Office Configuration Analyzer Tool 1.2 (which I downloaded).  I used the fix-it tool, which worked.
So the credit must go to Stackoverflow.
Thanks

A: I was not able to find .exd files in C:\, but used Microsoft Office Configuration Analyzer Tool 1.2 and fixed it.  When you run the tool for Excel, you will see critical, warning and informational.  One of the warning shows or relates the symptom like "Cannot insert object" error in an ActiveX custom Office solution after you install the MS14-082 security update.  I used the "Fix It" button under Resolution for symptom 1.  It worked.


*Applicants must obtain a letter of invitation from host institutions in Japan.
*Applicants must hold a PH.D (Doctorate) degree, or be recognized by MIF as possessing equivalent academic qualifications.
*Applicants must be at the age of 49 years old younger at the time when documents are submitted.
*Applicants must have sufficient abilities in the English or Japanese languages.
*Applicants should be in employment in their home countries, and must return to their countries upon completion of their MIF fellowship tenure.


Subnet Planner is a small tool for assisting network planning. Enter your IP and the number of required subnets to output the subnet table, subnet mask, maximum number of hosts per node, broadcast address and host address of each subnet. .
– You can choose your IP address type, we recommend you use the default configuration.


text:
Q: Unable to set power tuning parameters at boot time from systemd I'm using Fedora 30 on a laptop. I've tried setting power tune parameters using the systemd service that comes with powertop (powertop.service) and that didn't work. I then tried creating a shell script along with a custom .service file to run it at boot and that doesn't work either, checking the parameters after a reboot with powertop shows them not to have been changed. Running the script after logging in works.
custom script '/root/bin/powertune-HPEnvy.sh'
#!/bin/sh
 echo '1' > '/sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-0/device/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-2/device/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-6/device/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/device/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:02:00.0/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1f.2/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:14.0/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:08.0/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1f.0/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:15.0/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1f.4/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:00.0/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1f.3/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:01:00.0/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:15.1/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:14.2/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:04.0/power/control';
 echo 'auto' > '/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/power/control';

 echo 'enabled' > '/sys/class/net/wlp1s0/device/power/wakeup';
 echo 'enabled' > '/sys/bus/usb/devices/usb1/power/wakeup';
 echo 'enabled' > '/sys/bus/usb/devices/usb2/power/wakeup';

custom systemd service '/etc/systemd/system/powertune-HPEnvy.service'
[Unit]
Description=Set HP Envy 15-as133cl powersaving

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/root/bin/powertune-HPEnvy.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

A: I've gotten it to work by changing
WantedBy=multi-user.target

to
WantedBy=basic.target

then adding a sleep 10 to the beginning of the shell script, and then disabling/reenabling the systemd service. Now on reboot, the script takes effect.


Let's take a real life example. Imagine that you are an accountant working from home. You write an article on an accounting topic and place it on various article directories. Those who are looking for the subject you wrote about will read your article, see that you have the knowledge and skill that is needed to do a job for them, and visit your website or contact you via e-mail. Your article just gained you a new client who may use your services regularly, but will definitely give you a nice profit at least once.


I have a list within multiple tabs which I need t...within multiple tabs which I need to format them for upload into Zoom Info. The sheet was originally converted from the PDF. And so when I go to use "text to columns" – it won't grab some of the line items within the column to separate them into individual columns as shown on sheet 1 line 2.


By raising tariffs on steel and aluminium the US president has proudly delivered on a campaign promise.
US steel and aluminium producers gain, but it comes at the expense of US metal consuming firms. Foreign metal producing countries also stand to lose. Canada, Mexico and Australia may be exempt from the metals tariff, turning them into winners. The overall economic impact is limited.
The real threat is that the measures are a prelude to a global trade war, especially now that advisors of the US president with strong protectionist views have gained the upper hand. A new trade environment looms.
US president Donald Trump signed an order on March 2 to put a 25% tariff on all steel imports and a 10% tariff on aluminium imports. Mexico and Canada are exempt pending the negotiations on NAFTA, as well as Australia as it obtained a "security agreement" with the Trump administration. The tariffs are imposed under a rarely used law that allows emergency trade sanctions for "national security." The import tariffs are framed as a fight to preserve jobs for American steelworkers, who have seen their jobs disappear as a result of automation and globalization, as well as a matter of national security. The US administration is essentially delivering on a 2016 presidential campaign promise.
The measures signal a much feared protectionist bend towards trade. They were advocated by trade hawks like Commerce secretary Wilbur Ross and trade advisor Peter Navarro. Gary Cohn, Trump's chief economic advisor, lobbied against the tariff internally. Cohn resigned after president Trump followed through with the tariffs. Donald Trump has chosen Larry Kudlow as Cohn's replacement. Kudlow is a confident of Trump, but has been critical about the president's tariff hikes on steel and aluminium. The image that looms up is a Trump administration in which advisors with strong protectionist views, who advocate the types of trade measures like the announced steel and aluminium tariffs, have gained the upper hand. The fear is that this is just a start to more widespread protectionist measures, and that the rest of the world retaliates. That bodes ill for international trade.
In this research note we first – to set the scene - sketch the global market for steel and aluminium. Subsequently, we analyse the economic impact of the measures on steel and aluminium for the US, its trade partners and sectors. We will argue that the impact of the measures as such is not that shocking, especially now that Canada, Mexico and Australia may be exempt. What is worrisome is that with the departure of Cohn, the US administration seems to have rid itself of any restraint to future protectionist actions. That is why the Trump tariffs threaten trade.
If there is anything to characterise the steel and aluminium market, it is China's dominance, in production as well as – though to a lesser extent – consumption. To be more precise, of the 1687 million metric tons (mmt) of steel produced in 2017, just over 50% came out of Chinese factories. Chinese consumption amounts to 44% of global consumption, suggesting an oversupply of 134 mmt of steel. Other countries shares are dwarfed by these numbers, with the EU accounting for 10% of production, Japan 6%, India 6% and the United States 5%.
Steel prices have come under pressure following the global economic crisis of 2009 and China's economic slowdown. Recently, however, prices have started to recover on the back of a pick-up in global economic growth and the announcement of the Chinese authorities that they will close down a significant number of production centres. Indeed, steel prices are now 80% higher compared to their 2015-low. US prices have closely tracked global prices and have also risen recently.
US steel production shows a positive correlation with price developments. As steel prices fell in 2014, so did US production (Figure 1), whereas the recent price recovery seems to have supported US production by and large. The US now produces at 74% of its capacity. That is not enough to prevent the US from running a persistent trade deficit in steel products. In 2017 it imported 36 mmt, or about a third of its domestic consumption. This is 1.5% of global steel consumption. The main countries supplying steel to the US are Canada (17% of total imports), Brazil (13%), South Korea (12%) and Mexico (9%). Despite having an enormous overcapacity in steel, China is not a major steel exporter to the US, partly reflecting past measures to curb imports.
The aluminium market is much smaller in size compared to steel, with global production of 63 mmt in 2017. As mentioned, China is again the dominant producer, with an annual output in 2017 of 32 mmt, again more than 54% of global production. Other important producers are Russia (6%), Canada (6%), India (5%), United Arab Emirates (4%) and Australia (3%).
Aluminium prices have come under pressure since 2011, but, similar to steel prices, have bottomed out and are rising. This is at least partly happening on the back of the global economic recovery.
US aluminium production has been in decline for decades, and took another considerable hit in 2015 (Figure 2), allegedly owing to Chinese dumping of aluminium on the US market. In 2017, the US produced only 741 thousand tons of aluminium (1.2% of global output). Current utilization rates for domestic smelters are very low at just 48%, suggesting there is plenty of potential for production to rise to meet any shortages. For now, as the US consumes approximately 10% of global production, it heavily relies on imports.
The trade picture for aluminium is dominated by Canada (55% of total imports), Russia (18%) and the UAE (13%). Canada is a vital source of aluminium for domestic industries, including aerospace, construction and packaging. There has also been a rapid rise in imports from Russia and the UAE, who have helped fill recent supply gaps in the US in the past few years. If the US administration follows through with an import tariff on all trading partners, shipments of aluminium will divert from the US, pushing down prices in Europe and Asia more easily than for steel. The reason is that transport costs are lower than for steel.
The lacklustre capacity utilisation rates signals that the US metals industry is exposed and only partly able to cope with the forces of globalization. US producers are not sufficiently competitive. There has been a lack of investment in new technologies, inflexible labour contracts and increasing legacy (health and pension) costs. This means that, in the case of unhampered trade between the US and the rest of the world, relatively (cost) inefficient US steel and aluminium factories are pushed out of the market. The graphs of declining US production highlight that phenomenon.
Given that US production is declining and its metals consumption increasing, the US needs imports to make up for the difference. This is predominantly provided for by Canada, Mexico and Brazil for steel and by Canada, Russia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for aluminium. What these imports effectively do is create price convergence between the US and other countries. Such convergence is not perfect. Transport costs stand in the way of the existence of one global metals price, especially for steel, which is relatively costly to transport compared to aluminium. For the analysis of tariffs we will – for convenience - abstract from such price difference and assume there is one global price.
Now, let the Trump tariffs on steel and aluminium be introduced. Leave out exemptions for the time being, we will discuss these below. Suddenly the price of imported metals in the US is higher, which at these 25% and 10% rates is a significant rise. This provides protection for US metal producers. They can theoretically raise their prices by the same percentage as the tariff without losing market share. But they are unlikely to go that far as they want to drive foreign firms out of the market. That can only be done if the price that foreign steel producers face in the US market is lowered. Such is only the case if US producers do not pass on the full tariff; foreign producers receive the US price but have to pay the tariff and thus get the US price minus tariff. Then, with the price increase in the US market for metal, US firms will be able to increase their production, replacing imports. This will not be a 100% substitution, the reason being that the higher US metals price will reduce demand from metals consuming industries such as automobile and appliance firms in the US.
Therefore, the US will end up with higher metal prices, but lower than the (old) import price plus the tariff. Taking the steel tariffs implemented by the Bush administration in 2002 as a benchmark, the steel price can be expected to go up by 21%. Metals consumption will be lower, US steel production higher and metals imports lower. This implies an underlying price (ex-tariff) decline of slightly more than 3% for steel. This is the estimated price pressure steel producers in the rest of the world are facing after the tariff levy. Along these lines, a price decline of 2% for aluminium can be calculated.
This seems a benign outcome for the US, at least if nothing else changes. One would even be able to argue that the US benefits as steel production increases and imports decline, a clear case of a GDP push. Unfortunately, matters are not that simple. Large parts of the US manufacturing sector, including fabricated metals, automotive and industrial machinery, use metals as an input in production. Their production costs will increase (Figure 3), which will erode competitiveness against foreign firms or lead to higher prices, thereby reducing product demand. Oxford Economics has calculated that for total US manufacturing, the tariffs shave off 0.2% of growth versus a baseline scenario without tariffs. For employment the picture is even bleaker, a projected loss of at least 80,000 in the metal-using manufacturing industries over the next two years. These figures stand against a 0.8% higher growth rate and a gain of 10,000 jobs in the metal producing manufacturing sector.
The US as a whole then stands to lose in terms of GDP. This is because the decline of production in the metal-using sector outweighs the production increase in the metal-producing sector; the metal-using sectors are larger (40% of US manufacturing output versus 4% of metal-producing sectors). However, the impact on the total US economy is not likely to be large. For example, the 2002 tariffs on steel resulted in a negative impact of USD 30 million, a negligible share of total US GDP. The overall loss of 70,000 jobs in the manufacturing sector seems somewhat more substantial, but compared to total US employment (148 billion in 2017) the effect is negligible.
We also wish to point out that the US government stands to gain from the tariffs, marginally. With metals imports amounting to USD 28 billion in 2016, the tariffs may lead to considerable import shrink. Although the price may be expected to go down, for steel by 3% and aluminium by 2%, the government will be able to generate USD 5.8 billion in tariff revenues. Tax revenues will be slightly lower as steel producers increase their margins and volumes, to be offset against lower margins and volumes from firms that use steel as imports. The latter, losers of the tariffs, will face a lower tax bill. The overall amount of tariff revenues is negligible though in view of the total of USD 6.3 trillion that the US expects to collect in taxes in 2018.
As we have seen, foreign firms receive the US metal price ex tariff. This comes out lower than the US price prior to tariff levy. Such has an impact beyond the US market, because – barring transport costs – there is one price in the global market. The lower price will provide some impetus to demand in the rest of the world, which partly compensates the reduced exports to the US. Still, the overall effect on America's trading partners is negative. Countries that stand to lose most are the ones whose steel exports to the US are a large share of their metals production. On the assumption that no exemptions are granted, the most affected countries are Canada, Mexico and Brazil. In 2016, 88% of Canadian steel exports went to the US, while the figures for Mexico and Brazil were 73% and 34% respectively.
Is it all that bleak for all firms in these countries? The answer is no. The metals exporting firms, they obviously lose. But not necessarily metals producers in the rest of the world; if these firms have production facilities in the US, and some have, they even stand to benefit. Moreover, there are also metal using firms, such as automobile and appliance firms, which now have a windfall of a lower steel price, improving input costs and margins, and even their competitive position. They can even start, or accelerate, exporting to the US, where metals exporters face higher costs as we have seen. With the impact on US GDP already so low, the impact on GDP for the rest of the world, or even Europe alone, should be marginal and may not even be detectable in GDP data. An impact on global GDP will hardly be perceivable.
The above analysis is based on full tariffs imposed on steel and aluminium, with no exemptions. This is an abstraction. At least Canada and Mexico were granted an exemption pending NAFTA negotiations, whereas Australia obtained an exemption based on a "security agreement" with the US. More countries may follow. Canada and Mexico are particularly important players on the US metals market. Canada and Mexico together hold 26% of the US steel market and Canada has a market share of 55% of the US aluminium market. The question then is how the analysis above holds when such a significant portion of the exporters are exempted.
To evaluate this, we may want to return to the starting point of the tariff levy and the inclination of US firms to raise prices, margins and expand volumes. As the US steel and aluminium prices go up, Canadian, Mexican and Australian metal firms can opt for broadly two strategies. First, they can sell at the new US price, and expand their production. This would make it more difficult for both US production and imports from non-exempted firms to increase. The Canadian and Mexican firms have, from an economic point of view, effectively obtained US firm status. This line of action will push metals prices to a lower level than without the exemption due to the increased supply from 'US' firms.
Second, these firms can, provided they have sufficient capacity, initially sell at the 'old' or pre tariff prices, and obtain massive market share gains in the US market. However, this will not prevent US metals prices from being driven upward (unless supply from Canada and Mexico fully replaces the imports from the non-exempted countries). The price increase in the US market will be even more limited in such case. The upshot of the exemption in our framework is then a lower US price, of which the level depends on what firms from the exempted countries can supply.
The lower the price, the more limited the US production expansion, and thus the perceived impact of the tariff. Indeed, exemptions are potentially a powerful weapon to undermine the US tariff. Moreover we can state that, the more exemptions, the weaker the ultimate impact of the tariffs. Exempted metal exporting countries, however, stand to gain.
The US administration, or perhaps the US president, has made a big point of delivering on a campaign promise of raising tariffs to reinvigorate the US steel and aluminium industry. US president Donald Trump leaves no opportunity unused to Tweet about this. This, as well as the measure as such has created great upheaval and raises fears of what is next.
In this research note we have focused on analysing the impact of an across-the-board tariff on steel and aluminium. This leaves three key uncertainties. First, the US administration is willing to negotiate exemptions with countries (other than Canada, Mexico and Australia) and with individual firms. Second, trading partners subject to the import tariff are expected to retaliate, and have vented various alternatives in anticipation. The EU has prepared a list of American exports it would hit with a "reciprocal" 25% tariff. It includes the iconic American brands Harley-Davidson, and products such as bourbon and blue jeans. Trump has said that he would meet such a response with tariffs on cars. China has announced "strong" measures to protect its own interests if the US follows through with the import tariffs. Third, apart from exemptions and retaliations, the US government is likely to come up with more widespread protectionist measures. This solicits additional countervailing measures by its trading partners, which could end up in a trade war.


text:
Vendredi, 30 Septembre 2011 22:29
Amazon Joins (Long) List of WebOS Suitors
Bezos and Amazon may just be getting started. CREDIT:Victor J. Blue/ Wired.com
Amazon has joined the long list of tech giants rumored to be eyeing HP's lame-duck webOS mobile operating system.
On Thursday, citing a "well-placed source," VentureBeat reported that among a handful of suitors, Amazon is the "closest" to landing webOS, which HP acquired from Palm in 2010, hailed as an operating system that would reinvent everything from smartphones to PCs to printers, and then put out to pasture after little more than a year of development.
Though HP has been nothing short of utterly confusing with its webOS strategy, the operating system was never short of admirers. And according to reports, HTC, Samsung, and even Facebook have considering buying the thing. As is typical when such rumors surface, HP stayed mum when reached for comment.
Amazon's brand-new Kindle Fire tablet is built on a heavily modified version of Google's Android OS, and a leap for webOS wouldn't be all that surprising.
Android has been hit with all sorts of litigation over the last several months, with big names such as Apple and Oracle claiming patent and copyright infringement, and Microsoft is pressuring Android manufacturers into patent licensing deals. Having its own operating system would help keep Amazon out of the fire. Unlike other rumored webOS suitors, Amazon not only competes with Apple in the tablet market, but also as a media content provider.
Amazon could not be reached immediately for comment, but there are certain signs within the company that give the rumor some credence. Late last year, Jon Rubenstein, the former CEO of Palm, joined Amazon's board of directors. Then, in July, in a move that many saw as a demotion due to poor performance, he was given a new role within HP as senior vice president of innovation — a fairly ambiguous title.
Shortly thereafter, Rubenstein did an interview with This is my next where he said: "Amazon would certainly make a great partner, because they have a lot of characteristics that would help them expand the webOS ecosystem. As to whether there's been discussions or not … that's obviously not something I'm going to comment about."
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We celebrated Mexico's Independence Day with a Tostada Party! Everybody had a great time and enjoyed sharing tostadas with their school mates and teachers. We appreciate the kind collaboration of ISP parents for making this possible.