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Roker Park
For the park of the same name, see Roker Park (park).
Kick-off at Sunderland v. Arsenal, August 1976
Sunderland, England
Record attendance: 75,118
Archibald Leitch
Sunderland A.F.C. (1898–1997)
Roker Park was an English football stadium situated in Roker, Sunderland. The stadium was the seventh home of the English football club Sunderland A.F.C. from 1898 to 1997 before the club moved to the Stadium of Light. Near the end of the stadium's history, its capacity was around 22,500 with only a small part of the stadium being seated. The stadium's capacity had been higher in previous years, attracting a record crowd of 75,118.[1]
2 Fan reactions to the move
3 International matches
3.1 List of full and B-level Internationals
Roker Park (top left) pictured from above in 1967
In the 1890s, the then Sunderland chairman and his brother decided to build a bigger ground for the club, to replace what was then the club's current ground at Newcastle Road. The club had negotiated to buy farmland that belonged to a Mr. Tennant and part of the agreement was that Sunderland would have to build a house on the site as well as their new stadium. Until this house was built, Sunderland still had to pay rent on the land.
Within a year of the land being bought, Roker Park had been built, with the wooden stands only taking three months to build. The Clock Stand had 32 steps, no seats and a crush barrier for safety. The turf was brought from Ireland, and lasted for 38 years. The pitch was designed to have a slight drop of about one foot from the centre of the pitch to each corner to help with drainage. The first event at the ground was an "Olympic Games and Band Contest" on 12 August 1898. On 10 September 1898 Roker Park was officially opened by Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry. The first match was a friendly against Liverpool which Sunderland won 1–0, with Jim Leslie scoring the stadium's first ever goal.[2]
The Roker End was concreted in 1912, and by 1913 the capacity had risen to 50,000. In 1929 the old wooden grandstand was demolished and replaced by a new Main Stand, which was designed by Archibald Leitch, whose influence, the criss-cross lattice work, can still be seen at Ibrox (Rangers), Home Park (Plymouth Argyle) and Goodison Park (Everton). Fragments of the iconic lattice work would later be used to separate parts of the car park at the Stadium of Light. The work on the new Main Stand nearly bankrupted the club. By this time the official capacity of Roker Park was 60,000 but at some matches they would have crowds as large as 75,000. More work continued in the 1930s and in 1936 the Clock Stand was rebuilt. The 114 m (375 ft) long structure was officially opened by Lady Raine, whose husband was Sir Walter Raine, the Chairman of Sunderland AFC at the time.
Fragments of the Archibald Leitch lattice work from the Main Stand now form part of the car park at the Stadium of Light.
In 1943, during the Second World War, a bomb landed in the middle of the pitch and another nearby killed a policeman.[3] In 1952, Roker Park was fitted with floodlights, being only the second ground in the country to do so after Arsenal's Highbury stadium. The lights were only a temporary addition, and were replaced by permanent structures at the end of the season after proving to be a success. When England hosted the 1966 World Cup, improvements were made to the Clock Stand, involving the addition of seats, and a roof over the Fulwell End. Temporary seating was also installed in the Fulwell End. The capacity of Roker Park during the World Cup was 40,310.
In 1955, Roker Park hosted an FA Cup Semi-Final replay, between (eventual winners) Newcastle United and York City, who were then in the third tier of English Football. Newcastle won the game 2–0 in front of a crowd of 55,239.[4] Sunderland were in the other semi-final, but lost out 1–0 to Aston Villa.
During the 1970s, there were even more improvements to Roker Park. These improvements included installing underground sprinklers, upgrading the floodlights to European Standard Lux Value, installing electronic crowd monitoring systems, and re-sheeting the roof. In the 1980s, with a downturn in the club's fortunes (which included a season in the Football League Third Division), Roker Park started to decline. The capacity was severely reduced following the report in the Hillsborough Disaster of 1989, with the Roker End suffering the most.
In the early 1990s, new Football Association (FA) rules following the publication of the Taylor Report meant the stadium would have to have been upgraded to all-seater status, which would have consisted of a much smaller capacity than the sort of attendances that Sunderland could expect, as they had played in the penultimate First Division campaign (1990–91 season) before the creation of the Premier League and were aiming for a swift return to the top flight (although promotion was ultimately not achieved until the 1995–96 season). The site was too confined for expansion[5] so chairman Bob Murray decided to look for a site for a new stadium. In 1992, plans were unveiled to build a 48,000-seat stadium near the Nissan car factory in Washington, which would be part of a mega leisure complex, but Nissan objected to such a site being developed near their factory. Instead, five years later in 1997, Sunderland moved to the Stadium of Light, in nearby Monkwearmouth, on the site of the closed Monkwearmouth Colliery.
The 1996–97 season was the last at Roker Park, which was also Sunderland's first ever season in the Premier League, ending in relegation for the club.[6] The last competitive match at the ground was a 3–0 victory over Everton.
Roker Park was also one of the most recent venues in the Premier League to feature standing accommodation. The only team to have had standing accommodation at its stadium since was Fulham, who still had terracing at Craven Cottage for one season after winning promotion in 2001, after which they ground-shared with QPR at Loftus Road for two seasons before returning to an all-seater Craven Cottage.
In a special ceremony after the final farewell game (coincidentally, also a 1–0 win against Liverpool in which Sunderland midfielder John Mullin scored the stadium's final goal at the Fulwell End) Charlie Hurley (voted the club's Player of the Century) dug up the centre spot of the ground for it to be planted at the new stadium. Following the move to the Stadium of Light, Roker Park was demolished and in its place was built a housing estate. To commemorate Roker Park, the streets were named Promotion Close, Clockstand Close, Goalmouth Close, Midfield Drive, Turnstile Mews and Roker Park Close.[7]
Fan reactions to the move[edit]
Following the demolition of Roker Park, playwright Tom Kelly and actor Paul Dunn created a one-man play called I Left My Heart at Roker Park about a fan struggling with the move and what Roker Park meant for him; the play had its first run in 1997, and has been revived since.[8][9][10][11]
Actor and Sunderland supporter Peter O'Toole described Roker Park as his connection to the club, saying that as a result of the change of grounds he was less of a fan.[12][13]
In 1998, the BBC broadcast a six-part documentary named Premier Passions, which included a chronicle of Sunderland A.F.C. during the 1996–97 season, in which the club was relegated from the Premier League the year after winning promotion from the Football League First Division, and moved to the Stadium of Light.[14][15]
International matches[edit]
Roker Park hosted the first of three full England internationals in 1899; a 13–2 victory over Ireland in the 1898–99 British Home Championship - the highest scoring game in the history of the tournament. Further Home Championship games were played at Roker Park in 1920 (v. Ireland) and 1950 (v. Wales), England winning both games. Three England B games were played at the ground, in 1954, 1980 and 1990. Roker Park also hosted four youth internationals - England U23 games in 1959 and 1970, and England U18 games in 1952 and 1956. The 1970 England U23 game against Scotland was abandoned due to snow after 60 minutes with England leading 3–1.
During the 1966 FIFA World Cup, Roker Park hosted three group stage games in Group 4, along with Ayresome Park and a Quarter Final game between the Soviet Union and Hungary. The biggest World Cup attendance at the ground was 27,793 for the group stage game between the Soviet Union and Italy.
List of full and B-level Internationals[edit]
England v Ireland
18 February 1899 (1899-02-18) 1899 British Home Championship England 13-2 Ireland Sunderland
Frank Forman 15'
Fred Forman 20, 52'
Charlie Athersmith 21'
Gilbert Smith 32, 59, 60, 63'
Steve Bloomer 40, 89'
Jimmy Settle 53, 55, 80'
Joe McAllen 65' (pen.)
James Campbell 88'
Stadium: Roker Park
Referee: Alexander Hamilton
23 July 1920 (1920-19-23) 1920–21 British Home Championship England 2–0 Ireland Sunderland
Bob Kelly 10'
Billy Walker 47'
Referee: Alexander A. Jackson
15 November 1950 (1950-11-15) 1950–51 British Home Championship England 4-2 Wales Sunderland
Eddie Baily 31,4 2'
Wilf Mannion 66'
Jackie Milburn 90'
Trevor Ford 48,71'
Referee: John Mowatt
England B v Scotland B
3 March 1954 (1954-03-03) Friendly England B 1-1 Scotland B Sunderland
Italy v Chile
13 July 1966 (1966-07-13) 1966 World Cup - Group 4 Italy 2-0 Chile Sunderland
19:30 BST
Sandro Mazzola 8'
Paolo Barison 88'
Referee: Gottfried Dienst
Soviet Union v Italy
16 July 1966 (1966-07-16) 1966 World Cup - Group 4 Soviet Union 1-0 Italy Sunderland
Igor Chislenko 57'
Referee: Rudolf Kreitlein
Soviet Union v Chile
20 July 1966 (1966-07-20) 1966 World Cup - Group 4 Soviet Union 2-1 Chile Sunderland
Valeriy Porkujan 28, 85'
Rubén Marcos 32'
Referee: John Adair
Soviet Union v Hungary
23 July 1966 (1966-07-23) 1966 World Cup Quarter Final Soviet Union 2-1 Hungary Sunderland
Igor Chislenko 5'
Valeriy Porkujan 46'
Ferenc Bene 57'
Referee: Juan Gardeazábal Garay
England B v Spain B
26 March 1980 (1980-03-26) Friendly England B 1-0 Spain B Sunderland
Russell Osman
England B v Czechoslovakia B
24 April 1990 (1990-04-24) Friendly England B 2-0 Czechoslovakia B Sunderland
Alan Smith (2)
^ "Roker Park". The Stadium Guide. Retrieved 28 March 2008.
^ Mason, Rob (13 September 2018). "Sunderland's Roker Park remembered - the roar, the stars, the big games 120 years after first match". Chronicle Live.
^ Rippon, Anton (2007) [2005]. Gas Masks for Goal Posts: Football in Britain during the Second World War. Stroud: Sutton. ISBN 9780750940313.
^ "Newcastle United v York City, 30 March 1955". 11v11.com. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
^ "Previous grounds: Roker Park, Sunderland". SAFC.COM. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
^ "Sunderland History 1990-1999". SAFC.COM. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
^ Brett, Alan (2000). Sunderland 'til I die. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 1358. The people's history. p. 10. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 1-902527-07-0.
^ "'I Left My Heart in Roker Park' - Roker Report Meets Paul Dunn". Roker Report. SB Nation. 11 August 2014.
^ "I Left My Heart in Roker Park by Tom Kelly". PaulDunn.co.uk. July 2014.
^ Lathan, Peter (2004). "I Left My Heart in Roker Park... (And Extra Time at the Stadium of Light)". British Theatre Guide.
^ "Share your Stadium of Light tales". Sunderland Echo. 12 May 2017 [11 May 2017].
^ Edmondson, Davey (19 September 2011). "English Premier League: Each Club's Most Famous Fans. Sunderland: Peter O'Toole". Bleacher Report.
^ Randall, Colin (14 September 2010). "Peter O'Toole and a lost Sunderland passion". SAFC.COM.
^ "Premier Passions (TV Series 1998– )". IMDb.
^ Hunter, James (11 June 2017). "Sunderland's Premier Passions remembered 20 years after fly-on-the-wall TV came to Roker Park". Chronicle Live.
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Coordinates: 54°55′16.68″N 1°22′31.73″W / 54.9213000°N 1.3754806°W / 54.9213000; -1.3754806
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ONCE UPON A TIME…IN HOLLYWOOD: A Trip Through Quentin Tarantino's Groovy 9th Movie
by Peter · Published March 20, 2019 · Updated July 27, 2019
Introduction: Quentin Tarantino's upcoming film, entitled "Once Upon A Time… in Hollywood" immediately brings to mind the amazing cinema of Sergio Leone. It is set to be an opus in the tradition of QT's own 1994 award winning hit Pulp Fiction, the movie that became a pop culture sensation and inspiration to filmmakers around the world. On the surface, this means it will take place in QT's "Realer Than Real World", the same microcosm of Los Angeles/Hollywood and most likely be told in similar chapter format with separate story threads woven together. The other QT movie it will follow the lead of is Inglourious Basterds. Like that film it will blend fictional characters/places with real ones. We might even see certain true life events altered again inside the Tarantino Movie Universe (Ex: The Basterds and Shoshanna kill Hitler and end WWII). QT is known for filling his stories with references to his favorite films (along with TV, music) but this could be his most direct celebration of the medium yet since it focuses specifically on the movie industry of the late 60s/early 1970s when a revolution was taking place due to the counterculture generation gaining access to the studios.
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Cinematographer Robert Richardson, who has worked with QT on all his films since Kill Bill, was interviewed on set and offered this description of what we can expect:
"It's Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, contemporary versions….I think the tone of it is—it's difficult to describe because it's very fresh, but it oscillates between humorous, serious, spooky; it's playful. It's not easily describable, but it's very Quentin. Very, very, very Quentin. Of course Al Pacino was in it and you've got remarkable monologues, but you also have remarkable small set pieces…The set pieces are unique and they're also extremely personal to Quentin in terms of his life in Los Angeles. Not his life in 1969—he was too young—but his life in terms of living and where he went and films that were important from that time period. Like 2001 will be sitting there, and Romeo and Juliet you'll see on the screen has been there for eight months. That kind of thing, to be able to see these films up on the Cinerama Dome, that's what he did, he recreated the time period pretty accurately in terms of film. So for those who are film nerds, they're gonna love it."
Press play and enjoy the Once Upon A Time…in Hollywood soundtrack
The main character in the film is Rick Dalton played by Academy Award winner Leonardo DiCaprio (Django Unchained, The Revenant). Rick is the former star of a fictional Western TV series called BOUNTY LAW (1958-63). This show is patterned after real ones like Wanted: Dead Or Alive, Gunsmoke and The Rebel. In 1969 when the film is partly set, Rick, an underdog of sorts, hasn't gotten his breakout film role yet like his fellow Western TV show contemporaries Steve McQueen (played by Damian Lewis) and Clint Eastwood have. He's still stuck doing guest spots on shows such as Hullaballoo, Lancer and The F.B.I. etc. He is even contemplating leaving Hollywood to try his hand at Italian Westerns, which in the late 60s are at the height of their popularity. Rick is "a man full of inner turmoil and self-pity for not being in a better position, career-wise. But as is his way, he blames everybody but himself" (QT in USA Today). Rick's best friend is Cliff Booth played by Brad Pitt (True Romance, Inglourious Basterds). He is also Rick's longtime stunt double. Like Rick he is trying to find greater success in the movie industry. Cliff is a "World War II hero and one of the deadliest guys alive. He could kill you with a spoon, a piece of paper or a business card. Consequently, he is a rather Zen dude who is troubled by very little"(QT in USA Today). This faithful buddy relationship was inspired by the Paul Newman/Robert Redford/Butch Cassidy & Sundance Kid dynamic as well as Burt Reynolds and his good friend, stuntman/director Hal Needham. Reynolds was initially cast in the film but died before filming his scenes. The legendary actor/Academy Award winner Al Pacino (Scarface, Heat) will be playing Rick's trusted agent, Marvin Schwarz, which will add another special touch to the already stellar line up.
Sharon Tate: The real life actress played by the vibrant Margot Robbie (The Wolf of Wall Street, I, Tonya) in 1969 is just becoming a star on the rise from films like Eye of The Devil, Valley of the Dolls and The Wrecking Crew. Her husband is famed director Roman Polanski (played by Rafał Zawierucha) who has just come off of making The Fearless Vampire Killers (where he met Sharon) and Rosemary's Baby, a popular thriller starring Mia Farrow and John Cassavetes. Sharon is Rick Dalton's next door neighbor in the Tarantino Film Universe.
Other celebrities featured in the film will include: Bruce Lee (Mike Moh), Sam Wanamaker (Nicholas Hammond), Joanna Pettet (Rumer Willis), Connie Stevens (Dreama Walker) and Wayne Maunder (Luke Perry, in his final screen appearance).
The Manson Family: In the summer of 1969, Charles Manson (played by Damon Herriman, you'll know him from the hit TV series Justified), a failed musician and lifelong criminal is using his persuasive personality to manipulate young teen runaways and unstable outsiders (his "Family") to commit crimes for and with him. The group of vagabonds are residing on a ranch owned by George Spahn (Bruce Dern) which doubles as an old movie set used often in Western TV shows and movies. There, Manson will use twisted psychological games on the hippie kids to carry out two heinous high profile murders that will shock America and leave a bloody mark on the end of the 1960s.
The production of Once Upon A Time… in Hollywood was quite unique and gained a lot of notice on social media. This was due to the brilliant production designers taking Hollywood back in time block by block and re-creating store fronts, street signs, movie billboards and theaters of the late 60s/early 70s time period. As you can see in the above photos, it was quite a thrill for visitors and residents to walk around back in the hippie days of Hollywood. This really let everyone around the area get involved and enjoy the moviemaking process.
On March 20, the internet flipped their collective lids when the first trailer debuted. The opening has Spencer Garrett as host Allen Kincade interviewing actor Rick Dalton (Leo DiCaprio) and stunt double/pal Cliff Booth (Brad Pitt) on the set of Bounty Law, a fictional early 60s Western TV series. Next the rockin sounds of Los Bravos' "Bring A Little Lovin" plays as we see Hippie Hollywood with shots of Sharon Tate (Margot Robbie) and her friends, martial arts legend Bruce Lee (Mike Moh) sparring with "hairdresser to the stars" Jay Sebring (Emile Hirsch) and Cliff Booth. The creepy Charles Manson (Damon Herriman) and his hippie freak followers make a brief appearance. On the set of Western TV series Lancer, Rick is guest starring and working with director Sam Wanamaker (played by the original live-action Spider-Man Nicholas Hammond). If you look really close you can spot Tim Olyphant (Justified) as James Stacy/Johnny Madrid Lancer and the late Luke Perry as Wayne Maunder/Scott Lancer. The trailer concludes with a young girl praising Rick's incredible acting. His emotional response is both comical and heartfelt. The overall tone of the trailer is pure Tarantino pop culture cool as we've come to expect. We can't wait to see more!
ONCE UPON A TIME…IN MUSIC
1969: It's two years after "The Summer of Love" and the hippies are in full flower power spreading peace and love everywhere. The counterculture generation is Tuning In, Turning On and Dropping Out en masse. The music scene is spectacular and filled with all kinds of amazing sounds from popular musicians like The Doors, Led Zeppelin, Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, The Byrds, The Mamas & Papas and many more. Drugs like cocaine, LSD and marijuana are inspiring artists but also adding an unpredictability to the atmosphere. August: In the countryside of New York State, thousands of kids attend the Woodstock Festival for three days of peace, love, drugs and music. December: Altamont a racing speedway is turned into a venue where several bands including Santana, The Jefferson Airplane, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and The Rolling Stones perform. What starts out as a West Coast version of Woodstock, soon turns tragic. It is the final nail in the coffin of the sunny 1960s.
ONCE UPON A TIME…ON TELEVISION
In the late 60s, TV, much like with movies, was reflecting the changes in popular culture. The clean cut 50s were over and the counterculture and civil rights generation was coming up and influencing media from every direction. If you adjusted the TV rabbit ears and flipped the channels back then you could see new episodes of The Mod Squad, Hawaii Five-O, Get Smart, Dark Shadows, Hogan's Heroes, Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In and Mission Impossible. While the adults were doing their thing, kids were tuning in and turning on fun shows like Sesame Street (1969 debut), Captain Kangaroo, Spider-Man, Scooby Doo, Where Are You? (1969 debut), HR Puf n' Stuf (1969 debut) and The Brady Bunch (1969 debut).
ONCE UPON A TIME…IN MOVIES
1969: Meanwhile, in the world of movies, the older generation of filmmakers and producers can see the times they are a changin'. Theres a cinematic revolution on the horizon that will later be dubbed the "New Hollywood" era. Films like Bonnie & Clyde, The Graduate, The Wild Bunch and Easy Rider are ushering in the 1970s, which will be one of the most artistically exciting decades in movie history. Quentin had previously programmed a special lineup of films at the Lumiere Film Festival where he began researching them in preparation for his latest movie.
We still don't know all of what's in store for us with this film and we wouldn't want to. That would ruin the surprises and fun of seeing a new Quentin Tarantino movie. Once Upon A Time…in Hollywood will play the Cannes Film Festival in May then be released into theaters July 26th, so be there!….don't be a:
For even more cool details on the film check out: The Quentin Tarantino Archives movie reference guide
Tags: 1960sAl PacinoBrad PittLeonardo DiCaprioMargot RobbieQuentin Tarantinorock and roll
Editor-In-Chief of The Grindhouse Cinema Database and Furious Cinema. Pete is an avid movie geek who enjoys everything from wild n' crazy exploitation and cult films to popular mainstream classics.
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YEAR OF FURIOUS FILMS: 1968
by Peter · Published September 25, 2014 · Last modified March 12, 2016
CRIMEWATCH: Michael Mann's HEAT
by Peter · Published January 24, 2018
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Editor's pick:
Iron Monkey
Walk on the Wild Side
Full Alert
1970's 1972 1973 1974 action adventure blogathon BluRay Brian DePalma Clint Eastwood comedy crime crimewatch Criterion Collection documentary drama Film Noir furious gangsters heist Horror Italy lists Martin Scorsese Marvel Mobsters music Neo Noir news posters psychological thrillers Quentin Tarantino revenge road movies Robert DeNiro Science Fiction Soundtrack super heroes thriller thrillers trailers vigilante war Western westerns
FURIOUS LISTS!
50 Furious Films from Beyond
50 Furious Films: 60s
50 Furious Martial Arts Flix
50 Furious Westerns
50 Furious War Films
50 Furious Crime Films
Opinion / Specials
FC Podcast Episode 6: Cinema of the 1970s
Home Video / Reviews
Running out of Time 1 & 2
The Red Balloon
gregory scott garner says:
Rocky 4 IS a cinematic masterpiece. Personally, I think 1, 2,...
Thunderdome is a much better film than Fury Road.
Peacelover says:
Where is Bruce Lee's Way of the Dragon/Return of the Dragon(1972)?(!)
David Rowe says:
Waiting for a 4K release of the classic film.
FC Podcast Episode 5: William Friedkin's To Live and Die in L.A.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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Kísértet járja be Európát – a kommunizmus kísértete. Szent hajszára szövetkezett e kísértet ellen a régi Európának minden hatalma: a pápa és a cár, Metternich és Guizot, francia radikálisok és német rendőrök.

Akad-e ellenzéki párt, amelyről kormányon levő ellenfelei nem híresztelték, hogy kommunista, akad-e ellenzéki párt, amelyik nem vágta vissza a kommunizmus megbélyegző vádját a haladottabb ellenzékieknek éppúgy, mint reakciós ellenfeleinek?

Ebből a tényből két dolog

A kommunizmust immár az összes európai hatalmak hatalomnak ismerik el.

Legfőbb ideje, hogy a kommunisták az egész világ előtt nyíltan kifejtsék nézeteiket, céljaikat, törekvéseiket, és a kommunizmus kísértetéről szóló mesékkel magának a pártnak a kiáltványát állítsák szembe.

Evégből a legkülönbözőbb nemzetiségű kommunisták összegyűltek Londonban, és papírra vetették a következő kiáltványt, amelyet angol, francia, német, olasz, flamand és dán nyelven tesznek közzé.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Most people choose their online banks mainly based on the rates they pay, and that's a colossal mistake. I know you are probably thinking I'm crazy, but when it comes to banking these days, what you earn on your money isn't that important. Here's why.
Nationally, one-year CDs are paying 1.25%, which is a little better than chicken feed. Let's say you found a bank willing to fork out 25% more, 1.55%. This is still a snoozer.
Even on $100,000, the difference between the normal rate of 1.25% and this bonus rate of 1.55% is only $300 a year. $300 per year is nothing to laugh at of course, but's it's not worth putting a ton of energy into either. Now, if you were talking about putting gazillions into a CD it would be another story. On a gazillion dollars, .3% could add up. But for most of us, getting a little more interest usually isn't anything to get excited about with rates this low. There are other considerations that are far more important.
The problem is that people do get excited about it. And the result is they open accounts all over town in search of getting the highest rates. This ends up costing them a lot in time because it complicates their financial situation and makes it easier to lose track of what's happening. And that can cost you a lot more than $300 a year my friend.
This isn't to say you should ignore rates entirely. What I'm trying to say is that rates should not be your main or sole concern. Look for banks that offer consistently higher rates and avoid those who try to lure you in with pumped-up teaser offers.
Automatic bill payments are a must in my opinion because when you use this service you save hours each month and eliminate late payment charges from your life. Sometimes you'll have to keep a daily minimum average to qualify for free bill pay so find out what that number is.
Depending on your banking needs, a high yield checking account might come in handy. This is especially good if you have a business account, usually run high balances and don't need to write that many checks each month.
Just keep in mind these accounts frequently come with restrictions on the number of free transactions you are allowed to make. Usually that number is six and if you go over that limit, you'll get dinged.
For me this is non-negotiable. If the bank doesn't make it easy to download transactions, don't sign up with them. Having your information easily accessible and available for your bookkeeping program gives you amazing control and power over your financial life and is simply a must. Entering data by hand into the computer is way too time-consuming and is not an option.
How long has the bank been around? Look at their balance sheet and find out if they've been growing or not. Ask about the bank's CAMEL rating.
This is a multi-faceted rating system done by the FDIC to determine how strong the bank is. They rate the bank on six different criteria and in this case, the lower the number, the stronger your bank is. Make sure to only do business with institutions that have a rating of less than two on average. A rating above two is generally considered less than satisfactory.
The beauty of online banking is that it is usually available 24/7. The banking staff may not be available that much, but look for a financial institution that has people to pick up the phone when you are most likely to call.
You shouldn't need a brick and mortar presence in order to get all your banking needs taken care of, but sometimes you want to speak with a representative face-to-face.
If you have a side gig and or a small business, you want the convenience of being able to deal with one bank for your business and your personal finances if possible. Find out if the online bank you are considering using can oblige.
Online banking can be a game-changer for you. If you do a little homework and ask the right questions, it can take a ton of bricks off your shoulders. Make sure you know what's important to you as a banking customer and find a bank that provides the services you need.


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Poker Pretty Girls Battle: Fantasy World Edition
Åland Islands, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla, Antarctica, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, plurinational state of, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bouvet Island, Brazil, British Indian Ocean Territory, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Curaçao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, French Southern Territories, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Holy See (Vatican City State), Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Isle of Man, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jersey, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macao, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Norway, Oman, Palau, Palestinian Territory, Occupied, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of North Macedonia, Reunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Helena, Ascension And Tristan Da Cunha, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin (French Part), Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, South Sudan, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Province of China, Tajikistan, Tanzania, United Republic Of, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, United States Minor Outlying Islands, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, British, Wallis and Futuna, Western Sahara, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Sticky Rice Games
Zoo Corporation
Come play some hot rounds of poker at the Fantasy World casino! Try your luck against a total of 16 Pretty Girls including elves, magical girls, female swordsmen, and demons who are awaiting your arrival!
Play poker against Fantasy World Pretty Girls
There are 16 "kawaii" Fantasy girls to choose from, each coming your way all dolled up in her own unique Fantasy World outfit. Start with four girls and as you progress through the game more will become available. Poker play is based on the popular Texas Hold 'em style rules.
Each Pretty Girl is unique
Each girl has her own unique style of play. Choose your strategy based on each one's personality! All Pretty Girls feature recorded Japanese voices. Feel their excitement as they yell out during poker play.
Choose from two game modes
In Pretty Mode, collect rewards as you defeat random opponents.
In Free Play Mode, choose girls of your liking for your very own poker battles.
There is no undressing or nudity in this game. It is a poker game with Pretty Girl characters included for your playing enjoyment. Characters and character images are used under license from their respective owners.
* All characters depicted in this game are over 18 years old.
Windows 8.1/10
DirectX compatible card
1 GB available space
DirectX-compatible sound


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Michał Kirkor (ur. 17 października 1871 w Suwałkach, zm. 20 lub  25 stycznia 1907 w Zakopanem) – doktor medycyny, taternik, działacz turystyczny. Zesłaniec syberyjski.

W 1891 r. rozpoczął studia medyczne na Cesarskim Uniwersytecie Warszawskim. W 1892 r. za działalność polityczną i niepodległościową razem z innymi "kilińszczakami" został zesłany na Sybir, do guberni permskiej na Uralu wraz ze swoim rodzeństwem: Dymitrem i Heleną, oraz ich prawną opiekunką i rodzoną ciotką zarazem (siostra matki) znaną w owym czasie społecznicą i publicystką – Celiną Kirkorową (żoną Adama). Była z nimi także Zofia Grabska – siostra Władysława i Stanisława, późniejsza żona Dymitra.

Po powrocie z zesłania w latach 1895-1905 mieszkał w Krakowie. Ukończył medycynę na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim i w latach 1898-1904 był asystentem profesorów Napoleona Cybulskiego i Bronisława Kadera przy Katedrze Fizjologii. W 1905, w związku ze stwierdzoną gruźlicą płuc, zamieszkał w Zakopanem. Początkowo pracował jako lekarz w sanatorium Dłuskich w Kościelisku, później, do śmierci, przebywał tam jako pacjent. Był współzałożycielem Stowarzyszenia Bratnia Pomoc, na bazie którego otwarto sanatorium dla niezamożnej młodzieży akademickiej dotkniętej gruźlicą.

W 1899 został członkiem Towarzystwa Tatrzańskiego, w którym w latach 1902–1906 pełnił funkcję członka zarządu (w latach 1903-1905 skarbnika). Przyczynił się do powstania Sekcji Narciarskiej TT. W tym czasie dużo chodził po Tatrach, m.in. z Kazimierzem Tetmajerem. Osobiście zajmował się z ramienia TT znakowaniem pierwszych szlaków turystycznych. W 1901 r. poprowadził w Tatry wycieczkę członków krakowskiego "Sokoła" i opisał ja jako Wycieczka na Łomnicę (1901). W 1902 dokonał (w towarzystwie pierwszego zdobywcy, Kazimierza Brzozowskiego) drugiego wejścia żlebem pomiędzy Giewontem a Małym Giewontem od strony Doliny Strążyskiej, zwanym obecnie Żlebem Kirkora. Wtedy wyznakował również ten szlak.

Grób Kirkora znajduje się na Cmentarzu Zasłużonych na Pęksowym Brzyzku w Zakopanem (kw. L-II-6).

Uwagi

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Janusz Zdebski, Stary cmentarz w Zakopanem. Przewodnik biograficzny, Wydawnictwo PTTK-Kraj, Warszawa-Kraków 1986, str. 20.
 Zofia Radwańska-Paryska, Witold Henryk Paryski, Encyklopedia Tatrzańska, Wydawnictwo Sport i Turystyka, Warszawa 1973, str. 208

Absolwenci i studenci Cesarskiego Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Działacze Towarzystwa Tatrzańskiego – Polskiego Towarzystwa Tatrzańskiego
Ludzie urodzeni w Suwałkach
Pochowani na Cmentarzu Zasłużonych na Pęksowym Brzyzku w Zakopanem
Polacy upamiętnieni nazwami obiektów fizjograficznych na Ziemi
Polscy lekarze
Polscy wspinacze
Polscy zesłańcy w Imperium Rosyjskim
Taternicy
Urodzeni w 1871
Zmarli w 1907

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Scotch Plains, New Jersey, a Township in Union County with a population of 23,510, encompasses just over 9 square miles. The area was first settled in 1684 and has a rich history with many Revolutionary War landmarks still standing. Today, Scotch Plains has a diverse population reflecting many ethnic, religious and age groups. We have extensive recreation opportunities, a vibrant business community and top notch schools.
The native people living in this area were the Raritans, of the Leni Lenape branch of the Delawares. They lived in a large wigwam village near what is now the Shackamaxon Golf Course and in the Ash Brook Golf Course area. The first white man in the region was probably Verrazano in 1524, but the land was first claimed by the Dutch in 1609 as a result of Henry Hudson's explorations. The heartland of Scotch Plains was first owned by a Dutchman, Peter Sonmans, until the English conquest in 1664. Captain John Baker bought the region from the Indians before 1684 paying one cent for every 10 acres. In 1684 and 1685 this village was settled by Scotch immigrants who had landed at Perth Amboy under the leadership of George Scot. Thus we were Scot's Plains. In those early days Scot's Plains was part of West Fields (later Westfield) which in turn was part of Elizabethtown. There were eight families in the original settlement living in wigwams or log cabins. At this time people traveled by horseback on Indian trails which were later adorned with wagon wheel tracks from stagecoaches and buggies pulled by horses. These paths became our present main streets: Front Street, Park Avenue, Martine Avenue, Raritan Road, and Westfield Road.
Scot's Plains, which included what is now Fanwood, grew slowly in population, and was a farming community for 200 years. In the 1720's William Darby, a Baptist, gave part of his property to build a meetinghouse and a cemetery. It was christened as the first meeting house in Scotch Plains in 1742. Family bickering and moral dilemmas were addressed at weekly gatherings. On this property a Baptist church was dedicated in 1747. In the 1760's he also gave land for the first school, an academy standing next to the church on Park Avenue (then called Darby Road). The church became the mother church of the Baptist Church of New York City during the colonial period. In 1762 this New York City Group joined with an upstate group to found Colgate University. The present Victorian Gothic church on the site was erected in 1870. The cemetery contains brown sandstone markers from as early as 1742. Original settlers, slaves, and 24 Revolutionary War soldiers are buried there. It is on these grounds that our Scotch Plains patriots drilled.
The Stage House Inn was erected in 1737 by John Sutton as a hotel. By the time of the Revolutionary War it had become a tavern and home of Captain Recompense Stanbery, as well as a stopping place for the Swift and Sure Stage Line which traveled from Philadelphia to New York. When the stage coach arrived at the inn with mail, a miniature cannon was shot off, and townspeople came to pick up their mail. Colonial leaders Lord Stirling and General Lafayette discussed battle plans at this tavern during the war. During the Civil War it was a rallying point for Union recruits. Through the years town festivities were held on its grounds. In the 1800's gypsies, traveling circuses, and migrant Kickapoo Indians camped In wigwams. The latter to sell their Kickapoo Juice remedy. In the 1900's clambakes and oyster feasts abounded here.
The Osborn-Cannonball House across the street received a stray cannonball that hit the home as Washington's troops fled the large British force after the Battle of Short Hills, which occurred at the site of the present Ashbrook Golf Course. 6,000 colonial troops and 8,000 British soldiers passed through Scotch Plains during this battle. John Adams' son-in-law, Colonel William Smith, was in charge of a colonial encampment in Scotch Plains. In 1780 a cannon called "old one horn" was captured by Captain Eliakim Litttell and today is in the Fairview Cemetery in Westfield. The colonials fared poorly. 60 lives, 3 Officers and 3 canon were lost. 200 were wounded. Since this had been an early Indian camping ground, many arrowheads were found in developing the golf course. The Betsy Frazee house on Raritan Road was visted by Cornwallis and his men when they smelled baking bread. When Betsy said "I give you this bread in fear, not in love", Cornwallis left without the bread.
In 1775 the center of Scotch Plains consisted of 11 houses including the inn. Following the Revolutionary War our township started some growth. A reading society was formed in 1800, the local post office opened its doors in 1804, and a temperance society was formed in 1831. In 1838 The Elizabethtown and Somerville Railroad had reached Westfield, and they offered to purchase rights of way in Scotch Plains. When the townspeople would have no part of this, it passed east of our center to Plainfield, spurring Plainfield's growth. In 1851 three private schools were augmented by a public school system, and at the time of the Civil War in 1861, the village included I church, 3 private schools, I. public school, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 5 mills, 70 houses, and many farms. There were no paved roads, sidewalks, or street lighting. Following the Civil War two other denominations arrived: Methodists in 1867 and Episcopalians in 1872. In 1867 the train depot on Midway Avenue was given the name Fanwood, and the 350 acres around it called Fanwood Park. In 1869 the Excelsior Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, a volunteer firefighter company, was founded. In 1877 Scotch Plains divorced itself from Westfield, and became Fanwood Township. In 1895 one mile of land in the center separated itself, and became Fanwood Borough. It has remained separate ever since. The railroad brought commuters and vacationers to Fanwood whose progressive ideas clashed with those of longtime residents of Scotch Plains. Clayton's History of Union County dated 1882 noted a population of 324 which didn't include south Scotch Plains at all. Mentioned were 3 churches, 1 schoolhouse, 2 taverns, 3 grocery stores, a dry goods store, a paper factory, a drugstore, a shoemaker, and 2 butchers. A formal public library was established in 18 the same year "Union Church" (now Willow Grove Presbyterian) was built. The two Fanwoods existed side by side until March 22, 1917. On that day, through the efforts of George H. Johnston, the legislature agreed to give our town its original colonial name of Scotch Plains.
By World War I, Scotch Plains was becoming modern as paved streets replaced mud roads. Although the first Italian family settled in Scotch Plains in 1860, it was in the early 1900's that a big influx of Italian immigrants came, bringing with them skills in shoemaking, masonry, carpentry, and plumbing. They came from the medieval hill town of Montazzoli, about 20 miles from the Adriatic Sea in central Italy. Four of their descendants have served as our mayors: Thomas Santo Salvo, Gene Novello, Mauro Checchio, and Thomas Santo Salvo, Jr.. Among the 89 veterans of World War I listed on our monument at Park Avenue and Front Street there are many Italian names along with the older pioneer names. The monument was dedicated in 1920. John Z. Hatfield opened festivities by accepting a captured German cannon presented by the U.S. government to our town as first prize to non-banking towns of the 2nd Federal District for the greatest percentage of oversubscription to the Victory Loan.
After World War I the town grew mostly in homes for commuters with construction of Route 22 in 1930 playing a part in the town's development. City people began to move here "to the country". At this time we had the old School #1 built in 1890, School #3 built in 1915, School #4 in 1922, and a one room schoolhouse (School #2) on the southside. Fanwood had La Grande School (now Children's Specialized Hospital). Fanwood and Scotch Plains have always shared a school system. Until 1925 high school students went to other towns. At that time, what is now Park Middle School was built as a high school and junior high.
In 1921 Scotch Plains received national attention with the founding of the first African-American country club in the country, Shady Rest, originally the Ephraim Tucker farmhouse in the mid-1700's. lt played host to famous black musicians such as Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, Cab Calloway, and Sarah Vaughn. Celebrities such as Joe Louis and Althea Gibson visited. From 1924 until 1960 John Shippen served as its golf pro. He too made history as the first American born golf pro. In 1964 this building became the township owned Scotch Hills Country Club.
During World War II we were still mainly a rural town of 4,500. Nine hundred residents served our country in World War II. 14 of them gave their lives. During the Korean War and Vietnam Wars we lost 3 men in each of them. The biggest growth came after World War II in the 1950's and 1960's, especially on the south side where many big housing developments replaced farms. Shackamaxon, Evergreen, Brunner, Coles, Terrill Middle School, Mc Ginn, and a new School #1 were added. In 1953 there were 10,000 people here and students in schools had doubled. A new high school was built, and the old one became Park Middle School. Now in 2013 Scotch Plains has over 23,000 with many commuting to N.Y.C.. We have more churches, a Jewish Temple, YMCA, Jewish Community Center, many banks and shops. We are very fortunate to be part of a town with such a rich 300 year history. Not many towns can say that.


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Home | Research
Maryland Sea Grant issues biennial requests for research proposals about the Chesapeake Bay watershed and Maryland's coastal bays. Our grants are available to teams led by scientists from Maryland and the District of Columbia.
We also administer numerous grant and fellowship opportunities throughout the year. We are dedicated to supporting local researchers and students working on research related to our priorities and strategic goals.
If you would like to join our funding announcement list, e-mail us at research@mdsg.umd.edu.
Funding opportunities: Learn details about open and expired funding opportunities. Access our proposal forms and online worksheets.
Program Development funds: In addition to our core and pass-through funding opportunities, Maryland Sea Grant also supports small, targeted grants, to help support new projects and studies in emerging areas of science.
Share your research: We require all researchers seeking funding to consider how their research efforts will be disseminated beyond academia and translated to appropriate audiences -- like managers, legislators, students, and the general public. The agents and specialists at Maryland Sea Grant Extension are an excellent resource for making these connections and providing guidance on how to develop an effective outreach plan.
Data management: All researchers we fund are also required to create a plan for making data collected during the project available to the public.
Research fellows: Maryland Sea Grant Research Fellowships are awarded to graduate students whose research is linked to a Maryland Sea Grant-funded project through an already awarded grant.
Photograph, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Program Development Funds
Share Your Research
Data Management and Sharing
Proposal Forms and Worksheets
Guidance for Reviewing Proposals
Abundance and Variety of Microplastics in Surface Waters, Sediments, and Oysters: Relationship to Point-Sources and Land Use Practices
The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, has historically been a species of tremendous importance to the Chesapeake Bay economically and ecologically and provides numerous ecosystem services, including water filtration, habitat and food for many other Bay species. Significant hatchery and aquaculture efforts are currently underway to recapture the economic and ecological benefits of a robust oyster population within Chesapeake waters, whether for human consumption or to promote improvements in water quality and benthic habitat.


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The World's Oldest Champagne House Collaborates with a Spanish Sculptor
Jaume Plensa creates a special work for Ruinart.
By Leena Kim
While Jaume Plensa might not be a household name, you've probably unknowingly come across his monumental works somewhere around the world, be it Millennium Park in Chicago (home of the interactive Crown Fountain) or in London, where his glass work, Breathing, dedicated to former UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon, sits atop the Broadcasting House (aka the BBC's HQ).
Now, the Spanish sculptor is bringing his deft hand to Reims, France, to pay tribute to Maison Ruinart—the oldest champagne house in the world—and Dom Thierry Ruinart, the man who created the bubbly 1729. Plensa constructed a stainless steel sculpture of the Dom, made up of signs and letters (the house was formed during the Age of Enlightenment), which will be anchored in the chateau.
Jaume Plensa's sculpture of dom Thierry Ruinart.
"Using the alphabets of different cultures, I wanted to embrace the beautiful concept of how well we are when we're together. You don't need to lose your own tradition to be with others. As different as we are, the more we share information, the more ideas go off and become fantastic," says the sculptor. "Oftentimes, the origin of one conversation is just a glass of champagne. It's a bridge to connect people."
For those looking to take something home, Plensa, a self-professed lover of champagne and wine, has also designed 20 limited edition gift boxes to hold Ruinart's signature Blanc de Blancs—his version of a message in a bottle. "Wine is completely linked to the place where it's born, and that's a metaphor for ourselves, in a way," he says. "We're trying to create the perfect bottles to protect the message we want to send."
The boxes (each containing a magnum) will be available later this year—one will be auctioned off in the U.S. For more information, go to ruinart.com
Leena Kim Assistant Editor Leena Kim is an assistant editor at Town & Country, where she writes about travel, weddings, arts, and culture.
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The Trump administration is pledging to complete its proposed renegotiation of NAFTA as quickly as possible, including by pushing for "a far more aggressive meeting schedule than has been the norm," according to Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross. The administration will "work to conclude the talks as soon as possible," Ross said at a State Department event. Noting that Mexican Foreign Minister Luis Videgaray has said he hopes to wrap up talks before the end of the year, Ross added: "Once we get going, I promise you this administration will not be a source of delay."
Ross said he hopes this week to resolve delays in Congress that will allow the White House to give formal notification of the intent to renegotiate NAFTA with Canada and Mexico, which would start the 90-day clock before the talks could begin. The administration has not yet decided whether to keep NAFTA as a three-country deal "or to pursue two matching bilaterals," Ross said. NAFTA is "at best out of date and at worst did not accomplish some of its most important goals," Ross said of the trade pact that President Donald Trump calls a disaster for the United States. And "any agreement can be updated to reflect changes in all the various economies, and to correct unintended oversights" from the original deal, he said.
As for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement, Ross noted that many conference attendees — largely business and government officials from throughout the Americas — had "expressed reservations" about the administration's withdrawal from the TPP. "The fact is there simply was no political will on either side of the aisle for the TPP, so its demise was inevitable," Ross said. But, he added, the administration does want to keep some "good aspects" of the deal, "particularly as they pertain to market access."
The Trump administration's decision to place tariffs on Canadian softwood lumber is leading Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and his Cabinet to explore ways to push back against the U.S. Asked on Tuesday to respond to what Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross called "threats" coming from U.S. northern neighbor, Canadian Trade Minister Francois-Philippe Champagne responded: "I call them options." Champagne said, "We've been clear: We've been proactive in our engagement but firm in our position to defend Canadian industry and Canadian workers."
The remarks come after Trudeau over the weekend said he is considering "carefully and seriously" a request from British Columbia Premier Christy Clark to ban U.S. shipments of thermal coal through Canadian West Coast ports.
Bloomberg is reporting this week that USDA is once again pushing back implementation of an Obama-era rule tightening living standards for organic poultry and livestock. In addition, the agency is now asking whether the USDA should move forward with the regulations at all.
In a pair of announcements, the USDA said May 9 that it will delay implementing the final rule for organic animal welfare from May 19 to Nov. 14. It cited a federal freeze on new regulations until the administration conducts further review. The move gives more time for the public to comment on the sweeping new regulations on raising, housing and processing certified organic chicken, pigs and other animals.
Finalized in the waning days of the Obama administration, the rule has come under fire from some trade groups and congressional Republicans, who say the tighter standards would force farmers to make expensive modifications to existing animal enclosures and drive up costs for consumers.
In filings to the Federal Register, the USDA said the delay will allow the public to weigh in on four possible actions on the welfare rule: let it go into effect; suspend it indefinitely during more reviews: delay the effective date further; or withdraw the rule entirely. Public comments are due 30 days after publication in the Federal Register on May 10.
This actually is the second round of delays for this rule. It was originally set to come into effect March 20, but the USDA in February pushed that date back.
The rule would create new standards for raising organic livestock, such as limiting tail docking and beak clipping, and many others. Livestock would be required to have year-around access to the outdoors, and indoor space must be large enough for them to stand up and stretch their limbs.
Non-ambulatory animals, such as those with broken limbs or those too sick to move, must be medically treated, even if doing so would remove their "organic" status. Animals must also be able to walk on their own before they are transported to buyers, auction houses or processing facilities.
During the original comment period, some agriculture groups such as the National Pork Producers Council argued that the rule had nothing to do with the concept of organic, and that it would only add to the complexity of the organic certification process and increase costs for farmers.
Egg and poultry producers would be some of the most affected by the new standards. In 2015, sales of organic eggs topped $670 million, while sales of organic poultry were $494 million. In that report, the USDA estimated that annual compliance costs would be between $8 million and $31 million over five years for organic egg and poultry farmers.
Senate Ag Committee Chair Pat Roberts, R-Kan., a long-time critic of the rule, applauded the delay. "As I've heard time and time again from organic livestock and poultry producers—the folks who are most affected by its implementation—this rule is bad news for farmers, ranchers, and consumers," Roberts said in a statement.
However, not all producers oppose the rule, Bloomberg says. Though the regulations would affect major chicken processors and retailers who have organic product lines, at least one company, Perdue Farms Inc., came out in support of the regulations when they were released in draft form in mid-2016. The regulations also were supported by more than 300 organic farmers and the Organic Trade Association who called on USDA to implement the rule.
"We are frustrated that a final rule having gone through such extensive public and industry feedback and official scrutiny is now being stopped," Maggie McNeil, spokeswoman for the OTA, told Bloomberg. McNeil said that her organization will be submitting additional comments supporting a quick implementation of the rule.
So, tougher organic rules are a hot potato for the new Secretary. Not only would they raise standards for production by organic producers — which many organic producers want — but they also make it tougher for conventional producers to engage in sidelines of certified organic animals. In many cases, these fights over organic standards are battles for control of the rapidly growing organic sector; fights that should be watched closely as they continue, Washington Insider believes.


/EHR / Customizations / How do I add Level-2 Down / Level-2 Right options ?
(SUBJECTIVE, OBJECTIVE, ASSESSMENT, PLAN etc). Under these headings, different Level-1's are listed. When a Level-1 is clicked, a customizable list of Level-2's (Component Items) to be included in the chart note is presented.
More options can be added to the Level-2's to improve your chart notes. These options will appear below and also on the right of the Level-2 list. The options that appear below the list are called Level-2 Down and options appearing on the right are called Level-2 Right.
1. From the Charting screen, double click on the Level-2, the Edit Level-2 dialog box will appear.
=> Level-2 Down:- Click on this tab to add options below the Level-2 list.
=> Level-2 Right:- Click on this tab to add options to the right of the Level-2 list.
4. The Group Code option allows you to classify the Level-2 Down or Level-2 Right options under different headings. To group a particular Level-2 Down or Level-2 Right option, select a classification group code from the list.
5. Make sure the Active check box is selected; the Level-2 Down / Right options will not be available if this box is left unchecked.
6. To customize the narration, click in the Before and After boxes in the Word section and enter the word that should appear at the beginning and end of the narration for this Level-2 Down / Right.
7. Similarly if any particular character should appear in the before or after this Level-2 Down /Right in the narration, enter the character in the Before and After boxes in the Character section.
8.Click the Add/Update button, the Level-2 Down/Right option will immediately be updated in the list below. Click the Save button below and close this chart. Reopen the Charting screen to make this change effective; the new Level-2 Down/Right will now appear in the list when the Level-2 is selected.
i. From the Charting screen, double click on the Level-2 named Food, the Edit Level-2 dialog box will appear.
ii. There are two tabs in this dialog box (Since we are going to add a Level-2 Down option, click on the Level-2 Down tab.
iii. Enter the Name and Code as 'Food Additives'.
iv. The Group Code allows you to group and classify Level-2 Down options under different headings.
Let us add group this Level-2 Down option under AGGRAVATING FACTOR.
Next time when you reopen the chart, you can quickly choose the Food Additives Level-2 Down option by clicking on the Aggr. Factor link. This is very helpful when the Level-2 Down list is big.
v. Make sure the Active check box is selected; the Level-2 Down will not be available if this box is left unchecked.
vii. Similarly if any particular character should appear in the before or after this Level-2 Down in the narration, enter the character in the Before and After boxes in the Character section.
viii. Click the Add/Update button, Food Additives will be updated to the list below as a Level-2 Down option.
ix. Click the Save button below and close this chart; reopen the Charting screen to make this change effective; click on the Level-2 named Food, in the list that appears below, click on Aggr.Factor to easily locate Food Additives Level-2 Down option.
The Charting Screen should be reopened to apply this change on screen. However, you can continue with charting as usual as Level-2 Down or Right options will immediately be updated even though it is not apparent on the screen.


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The Raid on Brunswick was a military engagement that took place at the tail end of the War of Jenkins' Ear from September 3 to 6, 1748. Brunswick Town in the Province of North-Carolina was attacked by Spanish privateers. The Spanish raiders were eventually driven off which resulted in the destruction of one of their vessels. This was the final engagement of the war between Great Britain and Spain and resulted in a British colonial victory.

Background

The War of Jenkins' Ear, which had begun in 1739 which was originally fought in the West Indies and the Americas had by 1748 amalgamated into the War of the Austrian Succession and spread on both sides of the Atlantic. The Spanish Government sanctioned forces to raid and pillage English port towns of the provinces of North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. This period became known as the 'Spanish Alarm'. Without an adequate regular military garrison in these provinces, the Kingdom of Great Britain encouraged the provinces to raise local militias to combat Spanish-related attacks.

The Port of Brunswick Town became the busiest in North Carolina and shipped goods to Europe and the British West Indies. Cape Fear was a perfect place for the Spanish to attack. Despite the ongoing Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle which had convened in April 1748, news still had not reached some parts of the American colonies.

Raid
On September 4, 1748 two Spanish ships, La Fortuna and La Loretta anchored off the town. The townspeople fled into the neighbouring woods, and the Spanish began raiding the town for slaves and anything else they could find that was valuable. Since the townspeople had left everything behind, the Spanish were able to raid the abandoned property. Then having landed men ashore they then plundered houses and other buildings without resistance.

The following day Captain William Dry III rallied a group of around 67 men who were armed with muskets and pistols to take back the town. Dry with the help of William Moore, Schenk Moore, Edward Wingate, Cornelius Harnett Jr. and William Lord started the counterattack on September 6. Among the men was also a slave who was volunteered by George Ronalds. The Spanish were surprised by the attack and in the ensuing fire fight they were slowly driven off and soon fled from the town. Ten of the privateers were killed and thirty were captured. During the retreat and an exchange of fire La Fortuna suddenly exploded which killed most of the men on board. The second ship, La Loretta, in confusion thinking that they would suffer the same fate surrendered on the condition that they would be able to leave.

Colonists aboard one of the captured vessels, overpowered their Spanish captors, and ran the ship aground. Over night, Major John Swan arrived with 130 reinforcements from Wilmington. Swan's force held up just outside of town until daylight, in order to prevent being mistaken as a Spanish force by the embattled Brunswick Town defenders. In the meantime, the Spanish privateers took advantage of the darkness to weigh anchor and make sail for the mouth of the Cape Fear and the safety of the open sea. With no further prisoner exchange, the Spanish hoisted anchor and departed the area.

During the counterattack, a number of the townspeople were wounded while only one person defending the town lost his life. The slave that was volunteered by Ronalds was killed when a small cannon exploded.

Aftermath
The remains of La Fortuna, was still in the river when the remainder of the privateers had been thrown out of the town. Dry hired sailors to searchLa Fortuna for anything valuable - they were able to bring ashore guns, anchors and items stolen from the town. Many of the Spanish were enslaved for the remainder of their lives after the failure of the prisoner exchange. The retaliatory action by the Brunswick men not only saved their town but also thwarted any intention by the Spanish to sail upriver to threaten Wilmington. The booty from the Spanish privateers made Brunswick Town one of the richest towns in British North America.

The town was able to sell the Spanish slaves and goods from the abandoned ship. The funds that were obtained from the sales were used to build Saint Phillips Church in Brunswick Town and Saint James Church in Wilmington. Among the items confiscated from the ship was a painting titled, Ecce Homo salvaged from Spanish captain Lopez's cabin. The painting was given to Saint James Church, Wilmington upon completion in 1751 by the North Carolina Assembly. The painting can be found there today.

Captain William Drys Militia Company

References

Bibliography

Military history of North Carolina
1748 in military history
Brunswick Town
New Brunswick Town
New Brunswick Town
New Brunswick Town
Brunswick Town
Brunswick Town


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Home » GEORGIA COURT UPHOLDS PROBATION SEARCH BASED ON FOURTH AMENDMENT WAIVER
GEORGIA COURT UPHOLDS PROBATION SEARCH BASED ON FOURTH AMENDMENT WAIVER
On May 19, 2016, the Court of Appeals of Georgia decided Whitfield v. State [i], which serves as instructive concerning the law related to law enforcement officers conducting warrantless searches of probationer's residences. The relevant facts of Whitfield, taken directly from the case, are as follows:
[T]he evidence shows that in 2013, Whitfield entered a negotiated guilty plea to selling methyenedioxy methamphetamine and was sentenced to five years of probation. As one of the terms of his probation, Whitfield agreed to a Fourth Amendment waiver. Specifically, Whitfield agreed to submit to search of person, residence, papers, vehicle, and/or effects at any time of day or night without a search warrant, whenever requested to do so by a [p]robation [o]fficer or any other law[-]enforcement officer upon reasonable cause to believe that [he] is in violation of probation or otherwise acting in violation of the law, and . . . [to] consent to the use of anything seized as evidence in any judicial proceeding or trial.
Subsequently, in March 2015, Whitfield tested positive for marijuana during a monthly check-in with his supervising probation officer. But during his next monthly check-in on April 6, 2013, Whitfield tested negative for marijuana. Although Whitfield's April drug screen was negative, he told his probation officer that "he had been counting [the] days since his last use of marijuana and had been testing himself." And according to the probation officer's training, these actions are "two red flags for somebody trying to subvert any kind of testing or detection of use." As a result of these "red flags," as well as Whitfield's positive drug screen the previous month, the probation officer asked another law-enforcement officer to "check-up" on Whitfield and "see what was at [his] house." The probation officer also conveyed to the officer that Whitfield was subject to a Fourth Amendment waiver.
On April 9, 2015, three law-enforcement officers complied with the probation officer's request and went to Whitfield's residence. When they arrived, Whitfield was at work, but his mother answered the door. Upon greeting Whitfield's mother, the officers asked her for permission to search Whitfield's bedroom, and she then led them to his room. The officers then conducted a brief search of Whitfield's bedroom and found a tobacco grinder next to his bed. Although no marijuana was plainly visible, the officer who found the grinder opened it and discovered marijuana inside.
Thereafter, Whitfield was charged, via accusation, with one count of possession of marijuana less than one ounce. [ii]
Whitfield filed a motion to suppress the marijuana and argued that the search of his residence and room was conducted without a warrant and absent a valid exception to the warrant requirement. The trial court denied the motion, and he was convicted at a bench trial. He appealed the denial of his motion to suppress to the Court of Appeals of Georgia.
On appeal, Whitfield argued that the trial court erred in denying the motion to suppress because the probation officer and the law enforcement officers lacked reasonable suspicion to support the search because, although he failed a March drug test, he passed the subsequent test the next month. As such, he asserted that there was no reasonable suspicion at the time of the search.
The court of appeals first noted:
[A]lthough searches must usually be accompanied by a warrant and supported by probable cause to be reasonable, "exceptions have been permitted when 'special needs,' beyond the normal need for law enforcement, make the warrant and probable-cause requirement impracticable." Indeed, the supervision of probationers that is necessary to operate a probation system presents "special needs that may justify departures from the usual warrant and probable-cause requirements. [iii]
The court then observed that, after a drug conviction, Whitfield consented, as a term of probation to avoid incarceration, to a waiver of his Fourth Amendment rights. The court, regarding the waiver, stated:
[B]y accepting this special condition of probation, "and to the extent a search and seizure was not otherwise tainted without subsequent attenuation so as to compel invocation of the exclusionary rule, [Whitfield] waived his Fourth Amendment right." Reece v. State, 257 Ga. App. 137, 140 (2) (b) (570 SE2d 424) (2002) (punctuation omitted); accord State v. Sapp, 214 Ga. App. 428, 431-32 (3) (448 SE2d 3) (1994). But even under such a waiver, there must still be "some conduct reasonably suggestive of criminal activity to 'trigger' the search." Reece, 257 Ga. App. at 140 (2) (b) (punctuation omitted); accord Prince v. State, 299 Ga. App. 164, 169 (3) (b) (682 SE2d 180) (2009). This trigger can be prompted by "a good-faith suspicion, arising from routine police investigative work." Reece, 257 Ga. App. at 140 (2) (b) (punctuation omitted); accord Prince, 299 Ga. App. at 169 (3) (b).
In sum, the general rule is that
the police can search a probationer, who is subject to such a special condition of probation, at any time, day or night, and with or without a warrant, provided there exists a reasonable or good-faith suspicion for [the] search, that is, the police must not merely be acting in bad faith or in an arbitrary and capricious manner (such as searching to harass probationer).Reece, 257 Ga. App. at 140 (2) (b) (punctuation omitted); accord Brown v. State, 307 Ga. App. 99, 106 (4) (704 SE2d 227) (2010); Prince, 299 Ga. App. at 169 (3) (b). [iv] [emphasis added]
The court of appeals then set out to determine if the trial court erred in holding that reasonable suspicion existed to support the search. The court noted that the positive drug screen was properly a valid factor in determining the existence of reasonable suspicion, and they rejected Whitfield's argument that the subsequent negative screen rendered the previous screen stale. Further, the court noted that the trial court also relied upon additional information. Particularly, the probation officers testified that Whitfield told him, in April, when he tested negative, that he had been counting the days since his last drug use and had been self-testing. Based on the experience of the probation officer, this also supported the reasonable suspicion in light of the positive drug test in March. As such, the court of appeals held that the trial court did not err in concluding that reasonable suspicion was present to support the warrantless search.
Therefore, the court of appeals affirmed the denial of the motion to suppress.
[i] A16A0420 (Ga. App. Decided May 19, 2016)
[ii] Id.
[iii] Id.
[iv] Id.
By Brian S. Batterton, J.D.|2018-07-09T08:55:38-04:00July 15th, 2016|Legal updates|


Powers of Attorney are legal documents that give other people the right to make financial or medical decisions on your behalf on a temporary or permanent basis depending on your circumstances.
Most of the Powers of Attorney that Nash & Co prepare are permanent Lasting Powers of Attorney, where you appoint a person or persons to make decisions on your behalf both now and in the future if you lack capacity. Many of us have investments and accounts in our sole name and if we were to have an accident or lose capacity these accounts would be frozen. Without a Lasting Power of Attorney, it would take your family months to be able to access these accounts and use the money for your benefit.
You can also prepare a Lasting Power of Attorney that deals with health and welfare choices such as deciding what type of medical treatment you would want and where you would live. And we can also assist with temporary or General Powers of Attorney which allow decisions to be made on your behalf if you are in hospital for example, or if you are dealing with a sale or transaction whilst you are out of the country.
We are here and ready to help. Contact us to discuss your situation and what you would like to achieve and we can discuss the best options and assist in preparing the forms and registering them for you – all for an agreed fixed fee.
Having Powers of Attorney in place is not difficult, it will not take long and it can save a considerable amount of time and effort should your circumstances change. By making arrangements now you avoid delays should difficult situations arise in your life as your Attorneys will be able to act on your behalf instantly.
Contact Alice Carter-Tyler or one of the team and we can chat about how we can help you. Alice's email address is [email protected] or you can call her on 01752 827027.
Yes, you can appoint both attorneys in the first instance and substitute attorneys (if something were to happen to your first set of attorneys). It is advisable to appoint more than one attorney, to ensure you still have someone to care for you, if something should happen to your main attorney/s.


As the State Transportation Insider, I will be approaching state matters of legislation and safety with a common sense perspective and will include specific laws as they relate to the use of bicycles in our state, including relevant local municipal laws, ordinances and California vehicle codes. I have garnered my expertise in public safety relating to bicycles on public roads in California from my work with the California SHSP (State Highway Safety Plan), FHWA (Federal Highway Administration), CALTRANS (California Dept. of Transportation), CHP and DMV. I will be providing some common sense tips and instructions for riding local and national roads.
When riding a bicycle in the city of Los Angeles, you are permitted by law to ride on a sidewalk "with due care and caution" (LAMC 56.15), but this is not always the case in other districts.
While riding locally, always bear in mind that statewide laws can be supplemented by local municipal laws. For example, when riding a bicycle in the city of Los Angeles, you are permitted by law to ride on a sidewalk "with due care and caution" (LAMC 56.15) but that doesn't mean that it is lawful to ride on sidewalks everywhere else. If you prefer to ride on sidewalks, check wherever you plan to ride your bike. The consequences for breaking the law can result in judicial inconvenience and even a great monetary loss to you.
According to the law a bicycle is not a vehicle. This can mislead many people to mistakenly believe that they are exempt from vehicle laws, but this is false. In California bicycle riders must obey all vehicle traffic laws (CVC21200) for their safety and the safety of others on the road. This also applies when riding a bike on the bike lane or path.
With regards to safety, there is no law that requires a bike rider over 18 years of age to wear a helmet (CVC21212) but it is not a good idea for a very simple reason: concrete is harder than your head. So just for that reason alone I very strongly recommend that no one should ride a bike without a helmet despite that the law allows this.
Using common sense also means never riding in a way that poses a risk to yourself or those around you. Year round moderately warm and dry climate makes California perfect for riding bikes, however not in terms of legislation. California is not as bike friendly a state our neighbors Oregon and Washington. Both states have a more bike friendly city design with many bike lanes that have barrier protections. Unfortunately, California is a very car-centric state.


text:
Q: Scrollbars does not display in Firefox It is installed the latest version of Firefox 3.6.3 on 2 machines. Both machines runs under Windows 7, but one is 32 bit version, another is 64 bit. The 64 bit machine does not display scrollbars on my website.
32 bit machine and machines under Windows XP does not have that problem. I have googled but have not find such issue. Could you please let me know how at least I should investigate that?
Scrollbars emulated by 2 divs. One nested into another. Nested div is higher then external, so external div displays a scrollbar.

A: You have to look furter to find differences between the machines. It's most likely not a problem of having a 32 vs. a 64 bit version of Windows.
I have 64 bit Windows 7 and I tried your site in Firefox 3.6.3, and the scrollbars appear just fine.
Firefox is a 32 bit application, so it will run in 32 bit mode (WOW) on a 64 bit system.


We would require a direct debit authorization should you choose to complete your membership online.
The minimum membership is 2 full calendar years. A termination of your membership has to be in writing with a three-month deadline at the end of the year. If the contract is not terminated, it will automatically be renewed for another year.
The consultation in our offices is free. For each letter we manage on your behalf, we charge a cost sharing fee of €3,00.
If you are a member already and promote a new member, we will credit your account with three monthly contributions.
As a member of our tenant association you are insured under the terms of the rental insurance, as soon as we have notified you accordingly to the insurer. In the event of a court dispute the insurance company assumes the legal expenses and the attorneys (also of the opponent) within the framework of the contractual agreements and the general terms and conditions of the legal protection insurance, if and to the extent that you have to bear them. Only one self-participation per insurance case must be taken over by you.
1. The court is responsible for the legal interests of our members from their rent or lease contract for the self-occupied dwelling in Germany in their capacity as tenant, sub-tenant or leaseholder. This does not include for example the disputes between housing neighbours or with administrative authorities on account of housing rights or similar issues. In exceptional cases extrajudicial remuneration may also be insured with the opponent. A second apartment or additionally rented garage or similar is insurable against further contributions. For each insurance case the Itzeho legal protection insurance covers up to € 20,000.00 (with a deductible of € 150.00 per legal protection case).
2. The insurance cover begins with the date reported by the tenant association to the Itzeho legal protection. A three-month waiting period applies. Gross claims charges that occur prior or during the waiting period are not covered. If you have switched from another tenant association company without a time gap in between the membership periods and if you were registered as insured throughout this time, no new waiting period will occur in the new insurance relation. With the termination of membership the insurance cover ends. The same applies in the event of a member's death with the exception of the immediate handling of his tenancy by his heirs.
3. The insured event is not the beginning of the legal dispute. It is deemed to have occurred at the time when the insured, the opponent or a third party has or might have begun to violate legal obligations or legislation.
4. After the occurrence of an insurance event, every member in their own interest has to seek immediate advice at the tenant association. The matter must be seriously given the opportunity to be dealed with out of court by means of consultation, correspondence and / or negotiations, ie avoiding a trial. In addition the insurer must immediately be informed of the start of any legal dispute. Any costs triggered by the measures taken (such as the lodgement of a lawsuit or appeal) must be agreed with the insurer beforehand. In case of a breach of one of these obligations, the insurer may reject the protection in full or in part, according to the severity of the infringement. The notification of the damage must be made by the tenant association. This examines and confirms the Itzehoe legal protection, whether a preliminary consultation took place, the membership fee was paid, etc.
Please note that an explanation and reproduction of the terms of insurance cannot be complete here, and the choice of words cannot always be as in the contract text. Otherwise the framework of this leaflet would be blown.


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Subscription Prlt. $3-00 a Teas, postage paid.
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I. S. JOHNSON & CO.


text:
Mataram is een bestuurslaag in het regentschap Pringsewu van de provincie Lampung, Indonesië. Mataram telt 4105 inwoners (volkstelling 2010).

Plaats in Lampung


Quadari Overseas is an organized venture, managed by the well-experienced and dynamic family.
Dealing in Surgical and Healthcare Products.
Assisting the operators and surgeons with better performance, this range is demanded extensively in various hospitals and clinics to accumulate various activities. Designed with the help of the latest technology and advanced amenities, this range is used for general purposes that are carried by qualified experts and surgeons.
With an objective to be accessible always to our existing and eventual patrons, we have employed efficient communication resources in terms of technology, including our website http://quadarioverseas.com/ . You can now reach us 24 X 7 for your queries.


text:
29 Sep 2018 / 3:00 PM GMT / 2 years ago
Final Countdown until the World's Best Triathletes go into Battle
The Super League features shorter races in five formats – Triple Mix, Eliminator, Equalizer, Sprint Endurance and Enduro – featuring shorter races than Olympic distance and offering £100,000 in prize money for men and women.
World champion Vicky Holland and Olympic medallist Jonny Brownlee did race in the Super League Triathlon in Jersey on the weekend of 28-30 Sept. 2018. Jonny Brownlee competed against five-time World Triathlon Series champion Javier Gomez, fellow compatriot and current world champion Mario Mola and defending Super League champion Richard Murray.
Triple Mix follows the traditional format swim-bike-run, followed by a run-bike-swim, then bike-swim-run, with 10-minute breaks between each phase. Eliminator features three rounds of swim-bike-run, with 10 racers eliminated in the first round and five more in the second to leave a top 10 racing for the title in a final round.
Jersey was the first of five races in this year's Super League, which is in its second season. It will be followed by
Malta on 28-29 October 2018
Mallorca on 3-4 November 2018
Singapore on 23-24 February 2019
Two-time Olympic gold medallist Alistair Brownlee, Jonny's older brother, said: "It's great to kick off the Super League Triathlon season close to home. There was such a great crowd in Jersey last year; this new format of triathlon makes for some great racing and is really entertaining to watch, so I'm excited for a big turnout and to see what I can do in September."
Don't miss joining in and sharing this genuine experience only on the following link: https://www.superleaguetriathlon.com/


text:
Ann Porter
Equality Gone Wrong
Ann Porter, Chair and Co-founder Feisty Women
In the gladiatorial arena known as the fight for equal rights, something has gone wrong for women. The execution of equalities legislation appears to have turned into a free for all. Fair rules of engagement provided by the 2010 Equalities Act are being overlooked or mismanaged. Modern day theories about the causes of sex discrimination are increasingly becoming disconnected from the reality of women's lives. Sex, a protected characteristic in equalities law, has become a dirty word. Motherhood, the single most important cause of economic injustice for women, is unmentionable. Equality has gone wrong.
When older women complain about unfair treatment, we are usually told, 'You women wanted equality and now you have it, so yah boo sucks.' The truth is a wealth of data exists to illustrate the stark inequalities experienced by women in Scotland today. Over the last six months alone, major reports published by EHRC, the UN Special Rapporteur and the Institute of Fiscal Studies state unequivocally women do not have equality.
Such inequality is not in Scotland's interests. It is not in the interests of men, marginalised communities, our families or employers. The Scottish Government's Economic Strategy sets it out quite clearly: 'Creating a fairer society is not just a desirable goal in itself, but is essential to the sustained, long term prosperity of the Scottish economy'. It is in all our interests to fix this.
So, where did it all go wrong?
In 2010, two things happened. The UK Government passed a new Equality Act but also launched a programme of draconian austerity measures in response to the financial crash of 2008. The two were never really going to sit well together. Nine years later, we know austerity measures have had a disproportionate impact on women. Women had less to begin with but have taken the brunt of cuts in public services.
The 2010 Equality Act did attempt to set out fair rules of engagement through mechanisms called public service equality duty and equality impact assessments. In an arena where inevitably there are competing interests, the idea was that robust processes would ensure fair play for all. This did not work out too well. A mere two years later in 2012, the Prime Minister of the time, David Cameron, told a CBI conference that equality impact assessments were bureaucratic red tape and no longer necessary. He said that a consideration of equalities should be 'left to smart people in Whitehall'.
Women born in the 1950s have direct experience of equalities being left to the 'smart people in Whitehall'. In 2011, the UK Government unexpectedly accelerated the age of state pension entitlement for fifties-born women by two years, in addition to a five year wait caused by an earlier act from 1995. The reason given for this sudden change was 'equality for men'. The true reason, of course, was not high-minded equality principles for men but a quick-win austerity measure where women were seen as disposable resources.
Officials at the Department of Work and Pensions did produce an equality impact assessment. Not surprisingly, this concluded that changes were 'proportionate' for women. DWP's killer argument was 'women live longer' and so would be compensated for any financial loss compared to men. This argument would be credible if set against a robust economic analysis of women's financial losses over a lifetime because of motherhood. A close examination of evidence used by DWP to support the proportionate argument reveals obfuscation, personal opinion, cherry picking and omission.
Worst of all, the whole analysis was based on the assumption that there are no differences in the economic participation and life experience of women and men as they approach retirement. The equality impact assessment was sex blind which somewhat defeats the purpose of the whole exercise. The 'smart people' weren't that smart after all.
Feisty Women, a Scottish charity that exists to advance equality and economic justice for women over the age of 60, has been trying to find a way to challenge the lawfulness of 2011 changes to the state pension age. We are discovering there is no straightforward way to make a complaint. Our case has been described as a 'case of interest' and 'unique' but to us it is just the usual, common or garden sexism we have experienced our whole lives.
After a lifetime of sex discrimination, and now age discrimination, Feisty Women has two ideas to fix the problem of inequality for women in Scotland.
First, in this confusing, and at times hostile, world of equal rights, the proper observance of public service equality duty could bring legitimacy to policy decisions and accountability to tax payers. Investment in due process may be time consuming and bureaucratic but it will pay off in the long run.
Second, we need innovation in social policy. Prevailing world views and received wisdoms about the causes of sex discrimination need to be challenged. We have to broaden and democratise knowledge, grass-roots up, harnessing the experience of women of all ages. If we don't diagnose the problem correctly, the solutions will never work. A new women's movement is emerging across Scotland. This is the ideal time for the Scottish Government to review its investment in equalities work and to encourage organisations that think differently.
At the time of the first 1975 EU referendum, my mother voted differently to my father. He was furious and told her she had wasted his vote and she should vote the same way he did. My mother replied she was a person in her own right and said, 'I am not a doormat'. Good advice for policy makers and opinion formers. Women are not doormats.
Feisty Women conference
Local hair guru Charlie Taylor supports Feisty Women
The Decade of Gutsy, Feisty Women begins!


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