text:
Hours, Directions & Parking
Specialty and Group Tours
Vendor Recommendations
10 Reasons to Watch Bristol's 4th of July Parade with Us!
Imagine Bristol without Linden Place.
This almost happened 30 years ago when Linden Place was placed on the market and developers proposed turning this historic jewel into a condominium complex.
Thanks to the original Friends of Linden Place — Bristol residents, preservationists and voters who understood Linden Place's significance and acted to preserve its history — the mansion stands today as the proud heart of this seaside town.
Since 1989, we have taken our mission of preservation seriously. We have continuously worked on restoration of the estate including the Federal-era mansion, carriage house, barn, outbuildings and gardens while offering an extensive line-up of educational and cultural programming.
By the end of 2020, with YOUR support, Linden Place will have completed over $800,000 of restoration and preservation work to the 210-year old estate in just the past 10 years. None of these projects would have been possible without you!
However, our work is not finished. With major roof work on the mansion and needed restoration of the ballroom cupola and coach doors on the docket for 2020, we need your help more than ever. Will you please consider a gift to Linden Place's Annual Fund in support of our ongoing preservation of this iconic Bristol landmark? Your donation will go a long way to help us this year!
Photo 1. Linden Place's 19th century barn's exterior was restored and painted this spring.
Photo 2. Rotted gutters and sills were completely re-done, ensuring proper drainage
Photo 3. The mansion's $114k restoration concluded this year.
The Donor Bill of Rights
Philanthropy is based on voluntary action for the common good. It is a tradition of giving and sharing that is primary to the quality of life. To ensure that philanthropy merits the respect and trust of the general public, and that donors and prospective donors can have full confidence in the nonprofit organizations and causes they are asked to support, we declare that all donors have these rights:
I. To be informed of the organization's mission, of the way the organization intends to use donated resources, and of its capacity to use donations effectively for their intended purposes.
II. To be informed of the identity of those serving on the organization's governing board, and to expect the board to exercise prudent judgment in its stewardship responsibilities.
III. To have access to the organization's most recent financial statements.
IV. To be assured their gifts will be used for the purposes for which they were given.
V. To receive appropriate acknowledgement and recognition.
VI. To be assured that information about their donation is handled with respect and with confidentiality to the extent provided by law.
VII. To expect that all relationships with individuals representing organizations of interest to the donor will be professional in nature.
VIII. To be informed whether those seeking donations are volunteers, employees of the organization or hired solicitors.
IX. To have the opportunity for their names to be deleted from mailing lists that an organization may intend to share.
X. To feel free to ask questions when making a donation and to receive prompt, truthful and forthright answers.
© 2020 All Rights Reserved Linden Place.
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PLEASE VISIT OUR TAUNTON STORE TO SEE THE FULL RANGE OF SUPPORTERS AND PLAYERS CLOTHING.
Buy all sports accessories and sports related goods, including football, fitness equipment, running trainers, rugby, cricket and all hockey at Tony Pryce online. A trusted and globally renowned sporting goods company for nearly 50 years.


FEAR can be your biggest enemy!!!
Have you ever had an idea which was great but something has stopped you to elaborate it? Or have you ever came across an opportunity and you didn't take because you felt it was too BIG for you? READ MORE!
So should you but often you ask the question: HOW??? Everyone else is successful apart from me! REALLY??? READ MORE!
WHAT HAVE YOU ACHIEVED THIS MORNING????
Have you ever wondered that if you organise your morning and introduce new habits you can achieve more in the same amount of time than before? READ MORE!


text:
Michael S. Jeffries
Overview20132012201120102009200820072006
In 2011, Michael S. Jeffries earned a total compensation of $48.1M as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer at Abercrombie & Fitch, a 107% increase compared to previous year.
Non-Equity Incentive Plan
Jeffries received $43.2M in option awards, accounting for 89.87% of the total pay in 2011.
Jeffries also received $1.5M of change in pension value and nonqualified deferred compensation earnings, $1.2M in non-equity incentive plan, $1.5M in salary and $719.2K in other compensation.
In 2011, Michael S. Jeffries' compensation ranked 11th out of 10,642 executives tracked by ExecPay. In other words, Jeffries earned more than 99.9% of executives.
out of 57 98th
Source: SEC filing on May 13, 2014.
Jeffries' colleagues
We found five more compensation records of executives who worked with Michael S. Jeffries at Abercrombie & Fitch in 2011.
Leslee Herro
Executive Vice President Merchandise Planning, Inventory Management and Brand Senses
Sourcing Herro
Executive Vice President Planning and Allocation
Diane Chang
Executive Vice President — Sourcing
Jonathan Ramsden
Ronald Robins

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
"The Hate U Give" review by Nate Blake
High Contrast	Uncategorized	 November 8, 2018 November 8, 2018
Directed by: George Tillman Jr.
The Hate U Give is based on the novel of the same name by Angie Thomas. The film focuses on Starr Carter (Amandla Stenberg), a 16 year old African American girl who lives in a fictional, mostly poor neighborhood but attends an affluent, mostly white school. Because her life is so divided, she has developed different versions of herself. There is the Starr her family and neighborhood friends see, and the Starr that her white classmates see. After she witnesses her friend Khalil (Algee Smith) die at the trigger happy hands of an overzealous cop, Starr is faced with how to stand up to institutions that perpetuate racism, which puts her in direct conflict with people in both of her worlds.
Starr (Amandla Stenberg) at school with friends Hailey (Sabrina Carpenter) and Maya (Megan Lawless)
I went into this film having not read the book. I also managed to avoid spoilers even though this movie has been playing for about a month. This is a stunning experience. I had heard some praise for the film from several friends and was aware of its solid Tomatometer score, but my expectations were exceeded. The opening scene pulled me in and there was never a less than compelling minute from that moment until the credits rolled. In taking a closer look at real people often dismissed by law enforcement and Fox News as "thugs," the film is comprehensive without being tedious.
Starr rides home with Khalil (Algee Smith)
I loved these characters. A lot of Hollywood films, particularly those based on young adult novels, have a strong central character surrounded by supporting characters who are one note. That's not the case here. Every member of Starr's family defies easy generalization. I don't want to get into plot too much but I'll say that the script, by Audrey Wells, explores police brutality by not just looking at the shooting and its aftermath, but how this violence exacerbates other crime problems in the neighborhood. I also appreciate that the story doesn't veer off into any sort of redemptive arc for the cop who kills Khalil. There aren't any of those forced, phony moments we see in other films where the cop and the witness have a moment where we think maybe the officer isn't so bad. He has a rough job and is just jaded, as if that's an excuse. In fact, after the shooting, we only see brief images of the officer through news footage. It's a refreshing choice, and it's about time.
Perhaps the most important aspect of the film is how vividly it depicts the relentless traps that Starr and her family must avoid every day. There is hardly a choice Starr can make after the shooting that won't have life or death consequences for her family. Almost none of her white friends want to hear about that. They want to make themselves feel better by embracing Black Lives Matter during opportune moments, but don't really want to examine their privilege. This is a film full of thought provoking observations for every member of the audience. Unfortunately, I don't think the people that need to see it the most will seek it out or engage with the material with an open mind. I do think it will have a positive effect on young viewers and I hope more of them see it. The film has been doing okay at the box office and has just about recouped its budget, but it deserves to be doing better than that. My hope is that this becomes a sleeper hit, and if it doesn't do much more in theaters, really takes off in rentals, streaming and (gonna date myself with this term) home video.
In terms of complaints, I don't have many. I think the ending wraps things up too neatly considering the complex and difficult to tackle issues it raises up to that point. I understand though that this is based on a young adult novel and those tend to have more tidy resolutions than a Spike Lee or Jordan Peele script. There are also some minor technical issues. Filming outside sucks, but here there are brief shots that demonstrate what can go wrong when filming in daylight. There are times when the focus seems a bit off or the lighting in the background is bizarre. There is one scene where two characters are walking along a busy street and the background is so blurry and faded out it almost looked to me like rear projection or a crappy green screen. Then a car pulls up to the characters and it becomes clear neither of those effects were being used, there are just problems with focus and lighting. In other scenes, however, the technical qualities on display are enthralling. The protest in the film's climax, though definitely kept at a PG-13 level in terms of blood, is quite intense. Cinematographer Mihai Mălaimare Jr., whose previous credits include 2012's The Master, uses light effectively as a an element of Starr's character. He saves the most intense lighting for her, whether it's the spotlight of a squad car aimed blindingly in her face or the sparks flashing from erupting tear gas canisters as police meet peaceful protesters with riot gear.
Intense lighting on or behind Starr is a recurring motif used by Cinematographer Mihai Mălaimare Jr.
I highly recommend seeing The Hate U Give. While it's characters and themes will still leave an impact if you stream this or buy the disc, I encourage you to seek out in a theater A dark room, a large screen and a potent surround sound system have a way of commanding attention the way a 50 inch Vizio cannot, and this is a story that deserves your full attention.
Audrey Wells
Mihai Mălaimare Jr.
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Very fine original acrylic painting depicting Busaba being secretively seduced by Inau, signed and dated 29.4.2524, by famed Thai artist Hatthai Bunnag. Size: 58 x 50 cm. Beautiful collector's item!
Stylish and clean-cut solid 18K. White Gold Ring (7.94 gr.) set with a fine octagon Colombian Emerald @ 1.41ct. and flanked by 6 white baguette Diamonds @ 0.36ct. total weight.


text:
/*
 * Spring ESPN
 */
package com.infinitemule.espn.common.api;

import static java.lang.String.format;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.junit.Test;

/**
 *
 */
public class UrlBuilderTest {

  private static final String API_KEY = "APIKEY123";

  @Test(expected=ApiUrlException.class)
  public void noApiKey() {

    UrlBuilder.create("/test").toString();

  }

  @Test
  public void pathOnly() {

    String url = null;

    url = UrlBuilder.create("/test").apiKey(API_KEY).toString();

    assertEquals(format("http://api.espn.com/v1/test?apiKey=%s", API_KEY),
                 url);

    url = UrlBuilder.create().path("/test").apiKey(API_KEY).toString();

    assertEquals(format("http://api.espn.com/v1/test?apiKey=%s", API_KEY),
                 url);

  }

  @Test
  public void pathAndLanguage() {

    String url = null;

    url = UrlBuilder.create("/test")
              .language(Language.Spanish)
              .apiKey(API_KEY).toString();

    assertEquals(format("http://api.espn.com/v1/test?lang=es&apiKey=%s", API_KEY),
                 url);

    url = UrlBuilder.create("/test")
              .language(Language.English)
              .apiKey(API_KEY).toString();

    assertEquals(format("http://api.espn.com/v1/test?apiKey=%s", API_KEY),
                 url);

  }

  @Test
  public void urlParam() {
    String url = null;

    url = UrlBuilder.create("/test/{urlParam}")
              .urlParam("urlParam", "123456")
              .apiKey(API_KEY).toString();

    assertEquals(format("http://api.espn.com/v1/test/123456?apiKey=%s", API_KEY),
                 url);

  }

  @Test
  public void urlParams() {

    Map<String, String> urlParams = new HashMap<String, String>();

    urlParams.put("urlParamA", "alpha");
    urlParams.put("urlParamB", "beta");

    String url = null;

    url = UrlBuilder.create("/test/{urlParamA}/{urlParamB}/123")
              .urlParams(urlParams)
              .apiKey(API_KEY).toString();

    assertEquals(format("http://api.espn.com/v1/test/alpha/beta/123?apiKey=%s", API_KEY),
                 url);

  }

  @Test
  public void queryParam() {
    String url = null;

    url = UrlBuilder.create("/test")
              .queryParam("queryParam", "123456")
              .apiKey(API_KEY).toString();

    assertEquals(format("http://api.espn.com/v1/test?queryParam=123456&apiKey=%s", API_KEY),
                 url);

  }

  @Test
  public void queryParams() {

    Map<String, String> queryParams = new HashMap<String, String>();

    queryParams.put("queryParamA", "alpha");
    queryParams.put("queryParamB", "beta");

    String url = null;

    url = UrlBuilder.create("/test")
              .queryParams(queryParams)
              .apiKey(API_KEY).toString();

    assertEquals(
        format("http://api.espn.com/v1/test?queryParamA=alpha&queryParamB=beta&apiKey=%s", API_KEY),
        url);

  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


#FBF to the day your dear friends/framily stepped in to teach the babies filmmaking for you when your father was transitioning.
Thank you, Shanie Evans and Zenzele Moore Ysaguirre, for being there for me in my true time of need. I love yaw to life!


text:
Top books coming to ScienceDirect in Life and Biomedical Sciences
We are following up with you on the customized insights report you received last week with a preview of the upcoming books that would be of greatest interest to your users based on the subjects areas they have been reading lately.
Available in 2017
Kidney Transplantation, Bioengineering and Regeneration, Kidney Transplantation in the Regenerative Medicine Era
Edited by Giuseppe Orlando, Giuseppe Remuzzi and David F. Williams
Focuses on the synergy between renal organ transplantation and regenerative medicine, highlighting the advances within transplantation, bioengineering, regeneration, and repair. Educates the transplant community on important regenerative medicine research pertinent to kidney transplantation. Develops a shared language for clinicians, surgeons, and basic researchers to reach across the fields of transplantation and regenerative medicine, and facilitate more productive investigation and research. Catalogs the technologies being developed and methods being implemented to bioengineer or regenerate kidneys to restore function.
Boorman's Pathology of the Rat, Reference and Atlas, 2nd Edition Edited by Andrew W. Suttie , Joel R. Leininger, DVM,PhD, Diplomate ACVP and Alys E. Bradley, BSc, BVSc, MAnimSc, DipRCPath, FRIPH, MRCVSm FRCPath
Contains full, four color photographs from the NTP archive and database and coverage of all rat strains. Provides an organ-by-organ and system-by-system approach that presents standard diagnostic criteria and basic content on histology and histological changes. Includes comprehensive and detailed background incidence data . Presents detailed descriptive content regarding changes in rat models during research.
Handbook of Epigenetics, The New Molecular and Medical Genetics, 2nd Edition Edited by Trygve Tollefsbol
Timely and comprehensive collection of fully up-to-date reviews on epigenetics that are organized into one volume and written by leading figures in the field. Covers the latest advances in many different areas of epigenetics, ranging from basic aspects, to technologies, to clinical medicine. Written at a verbal and technical level that can be understood by scientists and college students . Updated to include new epigenetic discoveries, newly approved therapeutics, and clinical trials.


Protein biomarkers measured in easily accessible samples are a critical element of personalized medicine, because detecting disease states at their early onset or following a response to treatment will undoubtedly enhance treatment efficacy and boost patient wellbeing. Protein biomarkers therefore have the potential to define diseases such as cancer at a molecular level, determine the best treatment by profiling a patient's disease, and assess the therapeutic efficacy over time (1⇓–3). Over the last decade, long lists of biomarker candidates have been proposed from large scale proteomic and transcriptomic datasets. Additionally, recent extensive genomic efforts (4⇓⇓⇓⇓–9) and the integration of the obtained information at gene, transcript, and protein levels have led to an increased knowledge of molecular changes occurring during disease development. However, despite these advances in the biomarker candidate discovery, so far almost none of the proposed markers have been implemented in the clinic. Therefore, biomarker research efforts should shift the focus from the discovery of biomarker candidates to their systematic validation in suitable and well designed large clinical cohorts for evaluating their clinical value.
A major limitation for advancing biomarker research toward their validation in large clinical sample cohorts is the lack of quantitative assays for the multiplexed and consistent measurements of the proposed biomarker candidates (10). Proteins are mainly being measured by antibody-based methods, and there the scarcity of assays is particularly pronounced. High quality immunoassays relying on the availability of specific antibodies for protein quantification are only available for a small subset of the human proteome. Because the development of new affinity reagents is time-consuming and expensive (11), a larger coverage of the human proteome by immunoassays is not anticipated in the near future. Additionally, immunoassays are limited in their ability to quantify proteins in a multiplexed manner. However, for biomarker validation, the process in which large numbers of biomarker candidates are quantified in hundreds of patient samples to evaluate their clinical utility, multiplexed protein quantification is an important requirement (12, 13). Therefore, complementary novel technological platforms are critically needed to accelerate biomarker validation. The requirements for such a technology are high. Besides the capacity to consistently quantify multiple proteins simultaneously, it should reach limits of quantification (LOQ)1 in the low nanogram/ml level in plasma where tissue leakage products can be expected (14) and have a coefficient of variance below 15% as suggested by Addona et al. (15) to facilitate the detection of small abundance changes between multiple samples.
More recently, targeted mass spectrometric measurements via selected reaction monitoring (SRM) have been shown to fulfill the requirements for biomarker validation studies (11, 12, 15, 16). SRM supports the multiplexed (17⇓–19), consistent (20), and sensitive quantification (16, 21⇓–23) of hundreds of analytes in one measurement at coefficients of variance mostly below 20% (15). As for affinity reagent-based measurements, SRM requires the development of specific assays (24). A high quality SRM assay consists of the m/z and chromatographic retention time (RT) of the peptide precursor ion, as well as the m/z and relative intensities of the peptide fragment ion signals (24, 25). In contrast to affinity-based assays, SRM assays are easily portable between laboratories (15) and are generated faster and in a more cost-efficient manner. Essentially, once the peptide-specific coordinates are available for an SRM assay, it can be run on any triple quadrupole-based instrument and applied to any sample.
Here, we developed an SRM assay library for 2007 human and 1353 murine N-glycosylated proteins. Glycoproteins can be either N- or O-glycosylated. They represent a subproteome that is particularly relevant for clinical research, because these oligosaccharide-modified proteins are typically found either secreted by cells and tissues available for remote sensing in body fluids as potential biomarkers or at the cell surface as potential drug targets (26, 27). This is supported by the fact that the majority of the current clinically used biomarkers and drug targets are glycosylated (28). Furthermore, the enrichment of N-glycosites (i.e. deglycosylated peptides) from blood plasma in combination with SRM was shown to reach the required LOQ (23) and to facilitate the quantification of N-glycoproteins over a large concentration range reaching nanogram/ml levels in plasma (17). The sensitive and accurate quantification of N-glycoproteins by SRM therefore represents a promising biomarker validation strategy. For the development of the SRM assays, we used a high throughput approach based on the synthesis of equimolar synthetic peptides for 6279 N-glycosites. The synthetic peptides were employed as reference compounds to generate the corresponding fragment ion spectra and to extract the SRM assay coordinates (29). The final library consisting of SRM assays for 5568 N-glycosites is publicly available via the SRMAtlas (25). We show the utility of the developed SRM assay library for multiplexed quantification of selected cancer-associated N-glycoproteins in two independent cohorts of clinical specimens. The potential of the SRM assays was demonstrated by consistently quantifying 48 N-glycoproteins across 5 orders of magnitude in protein abundance and by recapitulating the abundance differences for 13 proteins in various cancer types that were previously discovered by antibody-based assays. Overall, with the N-glycoprotein SRMAtlas, we have generated a platform, which now solves the bottleneck of multiplexed, consistent, and sensitive quantification of potential biomarker candidates in suitably collected sample cohorts by using a complementary antibody-independent MS-based technology.
Peptide sequences were selected based on a combination of discovery-driven and PeptideAtlas experimental datasets collected from human and murine serum and plasma, various tissues, and cell lines and based on selected N-glycosylated peptides from the reference protein database. Peptides were selected based on the following criteria: fully tryptic peptides with no missed tryptic cleavage site; deamidated asparagines within the N-linked glycosylation motif (NX(S/T); N = asparagines, X = any amino acid except proline, and S/T = serine or threonine) that were identified with a high identification confidence (1% false discovery rate on the peptide level as determined by PeptideProphet (30) for the individual data sets); peptide length between 6 and 20 amino acids, and required hydrophobicity constraints for the peptide synthesis (as determined by JPT Peptide Technologies).
Additional N-glycosites were added from a reference protein database. Proteins that contain at least one of the following keywords, glycosylation, transmembrane, membrane, cell membrane, secreted, or extracellular, were extracted from the UniProt database (84). The selected proteins were digested in silico with trypsin cleaving at all lysine and arginine residues that are not followed by a proline residue. Next, the sequences were screened for conserved NX(S/T) motifs. Sequences without this motif were filtered out as non-N-glycopeptides. Furthermore, three additional criteria were applied to remove sequences that may fail to be detected in SRM studies. First, the molecular mass of the peptide must be between 400 and 4000 Da. Second, the length of the peptide sequence should be between 6 and 20 amino acids. Third, the peptide sequence should not contain methionine, which is labile to in vitro oxidation.
For the selection proteotypic peptides, peptides that are specific for one protein in the organism were preferentially selected, and the final list of peptides contained 4% nonproteotypic peptides (Supplemental Table 1).
The final set of selected peptides was synthesized using the SPOT-synthesis technology (JPT Peptide Technologies) (31, 32). Synthesized peptides were lyophilized in 96-well plates with ∼50 nmol of unpurified peptide material per well. Crude peptides were resuspended in 20% acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid, vortexed for 90 min, and sonicated for 15 min. Plates were kept frozen at −80°C until use. Pools of 96 peptides derived from one plate were prepared. All pools of target peptides taken together constitute the peptide library used for SRM assay generation. The peptide solvent was evaporated in vacuo, and the peptides were resolubilized in 2% acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid and analyzed by LC-MS/MS on three different LC-MS instruments as described below. 200 fmol/μl of eight heavy isotope-labeled synthetic peptides (AAVYHHFISDGVR, HIQNIDIQHLAGK, GGQEHFAHLLILR, TEVSSNHVLIYLDK, TEHPFTVEEFVLPK, NQGNTWLTAFVLK, LVAYYTLIGASGQR, and TTNIQGINLLFSSR) with elution times spanning the whole gradient were added to each pool for the calculation of the indexed retention time (iRT) values (33).
Pools of peptides were analyzed in duplicate on a QTrap 4000 mass spectrometer equipped with a nano-electrospray ion source (AB Sciex) to generate full fragment ion spectra of the synthetic peptides as described previously (29). Chromatographic separations of peptides were performed by a Tempo nano-LC system (AB Sciex) coupled to a 15-cm fused silica emitter, 75 μm diameter (BGB Analytik) and packed with a Michrom Magic C18 AQ 5-μm resin (Michrom BioResources). Peptides were loaded onto the column from a cooled (4°C) Tempo autosampler (AB Sciex) and separated across a 60-min linear gradient of acetonitrile (5–35%) and water, containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 300 nl min−1. The mass spectrometer was operated in SRM mode, triggering acquisition of a full MS/MS spectrum upon detection of an SRM trace (threshold 400 ion counts). SRM acquisition was performed with Q1 and Q3 operated at unit resolution (0.7 m/z half-maximum peak width) with a dwell time of 10 ms for the ∼150–200 transitions per run resulting in a cycle time of 3.5–4 s. MS/MS spectra were acquired in enhanced product ion mode for the highest SRM transitions, using dynamic fill time, Q1 resolution low, scan speed 4000 Da s−1, and m/z range 250–1400. Collision energies (CEs) were calculated according to the formulas CE = 0.044 × m/zprecursor + 5.5 and CE = 0.051 × m/zprecursor + 0.55, for doubly and triply charged precursor ions, respectively. Declustering potential was set to 60.
The peptide pools were analyzed in duplicate on an Agilent 6520 Qtof instrument (Agilent Technologies) in combination with the Agilent HPLC-Chip system (Agilent Technologies). The LC system consisted of an Agilent 1200 capillary pump, for loading the sample on the pre-column, and an Agilent 1200 nano pump, providing the gradient for the chromatographic separation. The peptides were enriched on a 160-nl enrichment column and separated over a 75-mm × 150-mm analytical column (C-18 SB-Zorbax material, 300A, 5-μm particle size), both embedded in the HPLC Chip. Two different LC-MS methods were used for the acquisition of the MS spectra. The first method was used to cover a large number of peptides using a longer gradient, and the second shorter gradient was applied to retarget peptides that were not identified in the first round. In the first LC-MS method, the samples were loaded using a flow of 3 μl/min of 3% (v/v) acetonitrile. The pre-column was further washed with 6 μl of 3% ACN in H2O. The peptides were separated using a flow rate of 250 nl/min and a gradient from 3% (v/v) to 25% (v/v) acetonitrile in 60 min. The gradient was followed by a step at a high acetonitrile concentration for column washing. Furthermore, the mass range for MS was set to 300–2000 m/z and 59–3000 m/z for MS/MS spectra. After each MS1 scan, the two most abundant precursor ions with a minimum count of 1000 ions were selected for MS2 fragmentation and dynamically excluded for 1 min. Total cycle time was ∼2 s. Singly charged precursors and precursors of unknown charge state were excluded from MS2. The collision energy applied was dependent on the m/z of the precursor ion and calculated with the formula CE = 3.0 x m/zprecursor/100 + 2. In the second LC-MS method, the peptides were separated on the analytical column using a flow of 300 nl/min and a gradient from 3% (v/v) to 50% (v/v) acetonitrile in 30 min. The gradient was followed by a step at high acetonitrile concentration for column washing. The mass range for MS was set to 400–1800 m/z and 150–2500 m/z for MS/MS spectra. All other parameters were set according to the first method.
The LC-MS/MS analysis of the peptide pools was carried out on an Eksigent 1D-NanoLC-Ultra system (AB Sciex) connected to a Thermo LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific) equipped with a standard nanoelectrospray source. The peptides were injected onto a 11-cm × 0.075-mm inner diameter column packed in-house with Michrom Magic C18 material (3-μm particle size and 200-Å pore size, Michrom BioResources). The separation was carried out using linear gradient 96% solvent A (0.15% formic acid, 2% acetonitrile) and 4% solvent B (0.15% formic acid, 98% acetonitrile) to 25% solvent B over 60 min at a flow rate of 0.3 μl/min.
Five MS/MS spectra were acquired in the linear ion trap per each FT-MS scan; the latter was acquired at 30,000 full widths at half-maximum resolution settings. One microscan was acquired per each MS/MS scan, and the repeat count was set to three to generate multiple MS/MS scans for each peptide ion. Charge state screening was employed, including all multiple charged ions for triggering MS/MS attempts and excluding all singly charged precursor ions, as well as ions for which no charge state could be determined. Only peptide ions exceeding a threshold of 150 ion counts were allowed to trigger MS/MS scans, followed by dynamic exclusion for 15 s. Inclusion lists for directed MS sequencing of peptide features were prepared containing the precursor ion masses in both the doubly and triply charged state of each peptide in a sample. The lists containing up to 1000 precursors per run with a mass range of 250 to 1600 m/z were used to trigger MS/MS attempts.
Wiff-, RAW-, and d-files (derived from the different instrument platforms) were converted to mzML files using msconvert. X!tandem CYCLONE (2010.10.01.1) was used to search the mzML files against a synthetic peptide decoy database. The synthetic peptide database was generated by concatenating ordered synthetic peptides plus scrambled pseudo protein sequence, including the peptide sequences of the RT peptides. The pseudo protein database was composed of 300 protein entries, including 150 decoy entries. The following parameters were used for database searching: −2.0 to +4.0 precursor mass tolerances, tryptic digestion allowing up to two missed cleavages, carbamidomethyl cysteine as static modification, and oxidized methionine as variable modification. The X! TANDEM k-score version was applied for the database searches, which does not include the fragment ion tolerance option. C-terminal heavy isotope labeling of lysine and arginine (8.014199 Da for lysine and 10.008269 Da for arginine) was added as a variable modification to ensure the identification of the RT peptides. Database search results were validated using the Trans-Proteomics Pipeline (TPP Version 4.5 RAPTURE Revision 2, Seattle, Washington) including PeptideProphet, iProphet and ProteinProphet.
Two synthetic peptide PeptideAtlas builds were constructed, "Human Glyco Synthetic PeptideAtlas 2012-07" and "Mouse Glyco Synthetic PeptideAtlas 2012-07" for human and murine peptide identifications, respectively. We applied an iProphet probability ≥0.9 threshold to all data, which resulted in an individual peptide level false-discovery rate of 2% for Orbitrap, 0.45% for Qtof, and 0.6% for QTrap. The PeptideAtlas builds allow for browsing all peptide identifications via the PeptideAtlas webpage.
SpectraST (Version 4.0, TPP Version 4.6) was used to generate the spectral libraries for SRMAtlas. We generated spectral libraries separately for each instrument and applied the same options to generate all the libraries. SpectraST options, -c_RWI (use raw intensity) -cP0.9 (iProphet probability), were used to generate the raw libraries, and -cJU (inclusion of all peptide ions in all the files), -cAC (generation of consensus spectrum of all replicate spectra of each peptide ion), -c_RWI (use raw intensity) were used to generate the consensus libraries. The consensus libraries for each instrument platform and each organism are available in Supplemental Data 1-6 and were uploaded in the SRMAtlas as the basis for the SRM assays.
For the extraction of the RTs, instrument-specific SpectraST libraries were generated containing all raw-spectra identified on the different instrument platforms with an iProphet probability ≥0.9. An in-house developed script was used to perform the RT extraction, RT normalization between different instrument runs, and transformation to the iRT space. In the first step, the median RT for each peptide measured in one MS run was calculated by combining the RTs of all spectra acquired for the peptide (including all precursor ions) using a lower median estimator (median for odd n number of values; value at position n/2 − 1 for even number of values, whereby the values were ordered according to increasing values). The extracted median RTs for the RT peptides were subsequently used to align the RTs of each MS run. In the case that insufficient numbers of RT peptides were identified in an MS run, additional target N-glycosite peptides with known iRT values from one of the other instrument platforms were used for the alignment. After the alignment, the run-specific RTs were combined into a median RT for each peptide and each instrument platform, and the median RT was transformed to an iRT (33). In the final step, the instrument-specific iRTs were combined into an instrument platform-independent average peptide iRT. Therefore, the iRTs for each peptide were compared across the different instrument platforms. An iRT value was considered as outlier if it differed from the other two instrument platforms by more than 10 iRT units, but the difference between the other two instruments was below 10 iRT units. Outliers were removed only for peptides that were identified on all three instrument platforms. For each peptide, an average iRT and its standard deviation across the different instruments were calculated after the outlier removal. Peptides that are listed with an iRT but without standard deviation represent peptides that have been identified only on one instrument platform, and their iRT values have to be used cautiously as well as the iRTs that have a high standard deviation. The iRT values provided in the SRMAtlas represent an approximate value of all instrument platforms and allow monitoring the peptides of interest in a RT window of ±5% of the LC gradient length.
Functional enrichment analysis was performed for the human N-glycoproteins covered by the N-glycoprotein SRMAtlas using the hypergeometric test implemented in the BiNGO plugin for Cytoscape (34). All biological processes were considered that had an adjusted p value by Benjamini-Hochberg of 1 × 10−23. The graph was generated using Cytoscape (35).
The human serum samples for the verification and quantification experiments were from human single donations, provided by the St. Gallen Hospital. The Ethics Committee of the Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland, approved all procedures involving human material, and all donors signed an informed consent. N-Glycosites of 32 human serum samples were isolated as described previously (17). A set of 49 SRM assays, targeting 48 glycoproteins, was selected from the generated SRM assay library. Isotopically labeled peptides of the target peptides were added into each sample at a concentration close to the expected concentration of the endogenous peptides (data not shown).
For each peptide, three transitions for the internal standard as well as the endogenous peptide were monitored in a scheduled SRM mode with a retention time window of 3 min and a cycle time fixed to 3.5 s. SRM analyses was performed on a 4000 QTrap (AB Sciex) equipped with a nano-electrospray ion source. Chromatographic separations of peptides were performed by a Tempo nano-LC system (AB Sciex) coupled to a 15-cm fused silica emitter, 75 μm in diameter (BGB Analytik), packed with a Magic C18 AQ 5-μm resin (Michrom BioResources). Peptides were loaded onto the column from a cooled (4°C) Tempo autosampler (AB Sciex) and separated in 35 min over a linear gradient of acetonitrile (5–35%) and water, containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 300 nl min−1. SRM acquisition was performed with Q1 and Q3 operated at unit resolution (0.7 m/z half-maximum peak width). Data analysis was done using the MultiQuantTM software (AB Sciex) as described elsewhere (17).
The human plasma samples for the clinical evaluation of cancer-associated proteins were provided by University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic. Patients signed an informed consent document. N-Glycosites of 120 human plasma samples were isolated as described above. A set of 22 SRM assays, targeting 15 glycoproteins, was selected from the generated SRM assay library. Isotopically labeled internal standard peptides were added for relative quantification of the target peptides. SRM data analysis was performed as described above. For each peptide, three transitions for the internal standard as well as the endogenous peptide were monitored in a scheduled SRM mode with a retention time window of 5 min and a cycle time fixed to 3 s. Significance analysis was performed within the statistical framework SRMstats (36).
For the selection of human and murine glycoproteins and their N-glycosites for the SRM assay generation, we focused on N-glycosites with empirical evidence. The primary sources for the selection of N-glycosites were large discovery-driven MS-based experiments in diverse human and murine tissues, cell lines, and plasma. In these experiments, N-glycosites were isolated with routinely used enrichment techniques (17, 27, 37⇓–39) and identified by LC-MS/MS. This MS evidence-based set of N-glycosites was complemented with N-glycosites that were selected from the UniProt database. The final list of selected peptides included a total of 6279 N-glycosites (Supplemental Table 1). These N-glycosites correspond to 2142 human and 1440 murine glycoproteins (Supplemental Table 1) and cover 40% of the human and 30% of the murine proteins that are annotated in the UniProt database as glycoproteins. The selected proteins include 364 cancer-associated proteins (40) and 53 glycoproteins for which a clinical assay is available (Supplemental Table 1) (41).
To generate the N-glycosite SRM assays in an efficient way, we employed a recently described synthetic peptide strategy (29). The selected 6279 N-glycosite peptides were chemically synthesized, and equimolar peptides mixtures were generated for assay development. This strategy is devoid of a protein abundance bias, which occurs when assays are generated from fragment ion spectra from biological samples with a large protein dynamic range. Therefore, the high throughput synthetic approach employed here allows for the generation of SRM assays irrespective of the endogenous abundance of a protein.
To obtain the SRM assay coordinates, pools of synthetic peptides including retention time standards (33) were analyzed on the three most commonly used instrument platforms, a triple quadrupole-ion trap MS (QTrap), a quadrupole-time of flight MS (Qtof), and an Orbitrap-ion trap MS (Orbitrap). These measurements resulted in an SRM assay library composed of 5568 N-glycosite assays (Table I and Supplemental Table 1). RT peptide standards were used to calculate an iRT (33) for the SRM assays enabling the accurate RT estimation required for scheduled SRM measurements (Supplemental Table 2). Because it has been previously shown that different instrument platforms might result in different fragmentation patterns (29, 42), separate SRM assay libraries were generated for each instrument platform to provide high quality assays for all currently used targeted MS platforms.
The generated SRM assays correspond to one or more N-glycosites per protein for 2007 human and 1353 mouse glycoproteins (Table I). Assays are available for glycoproteins involved in most cellular processes, but they are especially enriched for cell adhesion, glycoproteins involved in cell surface receptor-linked signaling, immune and inflammatory response, as well as system and anatomical structure development (Fig. 1). These cellular processes that are associated with the hallmarks of cancer development (43) can now be monitored by means of N-glycosite assays provided in the established SRMAtlas. The resource also includes assays for 48 proteins with already established clinical assays as well as currently used biomarkers in the clinic such as carcinoembryonic antigen, epidermal growth factor receptor, α-fetoprotein, or mesothelin (Supplemental Table 1).
Functional annotation of human N-glycoproteins covered by N-glycoprotein SRMAtlas. The graph shows highly enriched biological processes among the human N-glycoproteins (colored in red). The node size is according to the number of proteins corresponding to each biological process, and the intensity of the color is according to the p value.
The developed SRM assays are accessible via the SRMAtlas interface, where they can be queried and retrieved for specific N-glycosites and N-glycoproteins and directly plugged into any triple quadrupole-based instrument for measurements in samples of interest.
Upon successful generation of the N-glycoprotein SRMAtlas, we set out to test the sensitivity and dynamic protein concentration range that can be achieved using N-glycosite enrichment in combination with the SRM assays in typical clinical samples. We selected human blood serum, a commonly sampled specimen readily available in sample biobanks that allows noninvasive testing. For this experiment, we selected a panel of 48 N-glycoproteins that are known to cover a large concentration range in the serum proteome. SRM assays for the N-glycosites as well as corresponding heavy isotope-coded internal standards (44) were multiplexed in a single SRM method and used to measure the N-glycosites in N-glycosite-enriched sera samples from 32 healthy blood donors. The obtained quantitative results show that the combination of N-glycosite enrichment and the subsequent SRM-based quantification using high quality SRM assays enabled the quantification of proteins in glycosite-enriched serum samples over a dynamic range of more than 5 orders of magnitude with an LOQ reaching low nanogram/ml concentrations (Fig. 2). This region of the serum proteome is especially interesting because it is the protein abundance range where clinically relevant tissue leakage products reside (10). Moreover, 47 of the 48 quantified N-glycoproteins were consistently quantified in all serum samples, which illustrates the high level of consistency and reproducibility achieved by targeted MS. Together, these results demonstrate that parallel and sensitive SRM measurements are now possible with the N-glycosite SRM assays retrieved from the newly established assay repository.
Quantification of N-glycoproteins in sera of healthy blood donors. 48 N-glycoproteins were quantified by SRM in sera obtained from 32 healthy blood donors. Each boxplot represents the concentrations of one protein measured across individual samples.
To evaluate the established N-glycosite SRM assays in a clinical setting, we designed a proof-of-concept study to assess previously reported quantitative differences of disease-associated proteins in a larger clinical cohort of blood plasma samples. The clinical cohort was composed of three malignancy groups, i.e. colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer, and a control blood donor group. Each group consisted of 30 cases (120 cases in total). For the evaluation, we selected 15 N-linked glycoproteins that were previously assayed in clinical studies and frequently studied in the context of a variety of malignancies (Table II). This different selection criterion compared with the experiment testing the sensitivity and dynamic range of our approach resulted in different sets of proteins. The selected proteins are of high clinical impact and include markers such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), CD44 antigen, serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1), members of the extracellular matrix (fibronectin and vitronectin), or members of the serpin family of serine proteinase inhibitors.
The proteins were selected based on their association with different cancer types, and references to the associations are provided in the table. The table provides information about the protein concentration in plasma and the reported and the measured trend in fold change of the selected proteins comparing cancer versus normal conditions (↑ = higher protein abundance in cancer specimens and ↓ = lower protein abundance in cancer specimens).
We then multiplexed and used the corresponding N-glycosite SRM assays to measure and quantify these proteins in N-glycosite-enriched blood plasma of the 120 subjects and to determine their abundance trends in the three malignancies. The generated clinical dataset showed that we are able to consistently quantify the selected proteins in almost all samples and that it is of a large enough size to perform statistical testing with high sensitivity (Fig. 3A). Nine of the quantified proteins showed a higher abundance, and four proteins showed a lower abundance in at least one malignancy group when compared with the healthy control group (Fig. 3B and Table II). The observed quantitative trends were uniform across different cancers suggesting that the selected proteins are directly or indirectly modulated in a variety of cancer types. This is in agreement with previously reported abundance trends of these cancer-associated proteins (Table II) and supports the use of SRM assays and the SRM platform for accurate quantification of protein biomarkers across more than a hundred clinical samples.
Quantitative abundance trends of cancer-associated proteins. A, 15 N-glycoproteins were quantified by SRM in plasma samples of 120 subjects. The clinical cohort was comprised of three malignancy groups (colorectal cancer (CRC), lung cancer (Lung Ca), and pancreatic cancer (Pan Ca), depicted in yellow, orange, and red, respectively) and a control donor group (depicted in green). Unsupervised clustering was applied on the quantitative data matrix. Higher abundance is depicted with higher intensity of blue, and gray color indicates missing values in the dataset. B, significant abundance changes between the distinct type of cancer (colorectal, lung, or pancreatic) and the controls (healthy blood donors) are depicted in red (as an increase in abundance in cancer) or in blue (as a decrease in abundance in cancer). White indicates no significant difference (at a cutoff of p ≤ 0.01, fold change ± 1.1).
Together, our results demonstrate the use of N-glycosite SRM assays for the parallel quantification of a set of clinical markers that are commonly assayed by immunoassays and provide a large collection of N-glycosite SRM assays for the discovery of novel markers for which assays were previously unavailable.
Despite the generation of extensive lists of biomarker candidates by large scale discovery-driven proteomic, transcriptomic, and genomic efforts in the last decade, almost none of the proposed biomarkers have been translated into the clinic so far. This is, to a large extent, due to the missing technological platform that allows the systematic evaluation of the clinical value of potential biomarkers in large patient cohorts in a multiplexed, consistent, and sensitive fashion. Here, we describe a platform based on SRM technology and provide an extensive collection of SRM assays that enable fast and parallel validation of biomarker candidates. The collection is focused on N-glycoproteins, because most of the currently used biomarkers are glycoproteins, and contains high quality and publicly accessible SRM assays for 2007 human and 1353 murine N-glycoproteins. The assays that were generated on three widely used mass spectrometric platforms can be queried and downloaded via the SRMAtlas webpage (25). These instrument-specific SRM assays account for potential variation in the fragmentation pattern of peptides measured on different instrument platforms, thereby providing high quality assays for all instrument platforms currently employed in targeted MS-based proteomics. This resource covers a large number of reported biomarker candidates and proteins involved in disease-related processes, which could not yet be tested for statistical significance across clinical specimens of larger cohorts, mainly due to the lack of a suitable biomarker validation strategy. The selection of N-glycosites for the SRMAtlas was mainly guided by available empirical evidence for the detectability of the peptides by MS. However, the automated high throughput approach applied for the SRM assay generation allows for fast and cost-efficient expansion of the resource to accommodate for whole human and murine N-glycoproteome.
The SRM assay coordinates for the SRMAtlas were extracted from fragment ion spectra derived from mixtures of synthetic peptides in equimolar amounts. In contrast to the extraction of the coordinates from the MS data of complex protein samples, the synthetic peptide approach is advantageous because it leads to the acquisition of high quality spectra for each peptide without sample-specific interferences and therefore ensures a high quality SRM assay. The N-glycoprotein SRMAtlas does not provide information about the LOQs and linear quantification ranges for the N-glycosites. These properties are dependent on sample preparation and instrument platform and should therefore be determined locally, preferentially using isotope-labeled internal standards before the validation of the proteins in large cohorts of clinical specimens.
To evaluate the performance of the established resource, we used a subset of SRM assays for the quantification of 48 N-glycoproteins across 32 blood serum samples. The glycoproteins were selected based on previous knowledge of their typical concentrations in human serum to examine the dynamic concentration range, which can be covered using the proposed SRM-based strategy. The results show that the combined approach of N-glycosite enrichment and the highly sensitive SRM measurements allow for consistent and parallel quantification of the selected proteins across all samples down to low nanogram/ml protein concentrations in serum. In a previous study, we developed a resource of SRM assays for cancer-associated proteins, which we screened in body fluids (20). The detectability of the cancer-associated proteins in plasma using SRM was limited to proteins with a higher or medium abundance in plasma (20). This result showed that fractionation or enrichment of proteins in body fluids prior to the SRM measurement is inevitable to detect and quantify the low abundance tissue leakage products, which are of high interest for biomarker research. The N-glycoprotein SRMAtlas provides SRM assays that in combination with the prior enrichment step overcome the limited sensitivity in detecting low abundance proteins in body fluids, allows the quantification of clinically relevant proteins, and therefore fulfills the sensitivity requirements for biomarker validation.
To demonstrate a direct application of the assays in a clinical setting, we selected a large cohort of 120 human plasma samples to evaluate protein abundance alterations in different cancer types. Targeted quantification of 15 previously reported cancer-associated N-glycoproteins in three malignancy groups and one control group substantially reproduced, in a single consistent measurement, the trends in abundance previously described in multiple studies. The obtained results demonstrate that the simultaneous profiling of biomarker candidates in a particular disease setting can be accomplished within complex clinical samples by using the SRM technology and the N-glycosite assays derived from the SRMAtlas. The previously reported cancer-associated proteins that have been studied in plasma comprise to a large extent plasma proteins of higher abundance underlining the need of new technologies, such as the one suggested in this study, that allow the consistent quantification of low abundance proteins in plasma for validating their clinical value systematically in large and well designed sample cohorts.
In conclusion, it is important to reiterate that the proposed strategy and resource enables the interrogation of "The roads less traveled" (45). To date, biomarker validation studies were limited by the availability of antibodies, which in turn implies that the existing quantitative assays were only representing a small minority of human proteins. This resulted in a bias for proteins being analyzed, for which assays were readily available and for which extensive knowledge has been accumulated (45). Therefore, we believe that the resource presented here is a turning point in plasma biomarker research (Fig. 4), because it represents a large collection of assays that can be used for an unbiased analysis of proteins that were previously not addressed. The N-glycoprotein SRMAtlas holds the promise to accelerate the systematic evaluation of biomarker candidates in a cost and time efficient screening mode across large cohorts of patient specimens. We expect that the suggested approach will close the gap between proposed biomarkers and clinical usage due to the possibility of a multiplexed hypothesis testing in larger clinical cohorts without requiring antibody development (Fig. 4). Currently, the SRM technology allows for parallel quantification of around 100 peptides, including their isotope-labeled counterparts in one measurement at high sensitivity. However, newly developed MS strategies based on data-independent acquisition and targeted extraction of peptide signals (46, 47) hold the promise of measuring all N-glycosites present in a sample in one MS run with only a 2–3-fold reduced LOQ compared with SRM (47). The N-glycoprotein SRMAtlas is also compatible with this newly developed MS acquisition mode. Therefore, we expect that biomarkers with clinical value will emerge from the widespread application of this unique collection of quantitative assays, and we envisage that the new bottleneck for the next phase in the biomarker pipeline (i.e. clinical validation) is going to be the availability of well annotated clinical cohorts of suitable quality and scale.
Impact of the N-glycoprotein SRMAtlas on the biomarker pipeline. The general biomarker pipeline consists of the generation of a candidate list and a lengthy and expensive development time of antibody-based assays for the validation of the candidates in clinical specimen like blood plasma. The N-glycoprotein SRMAtlas now accelerates this validation phase, because the assays for candidate quantification are publicly available. Additionally, in comparison with the gold-standard ELISA, the SRM technology facilitates multiplexed measurements of any set of candidates.
We acknowledge all contributors of the experimental N-glycosites. We thank Thomas Bock for help with MS measurements, Olga Schubert for helpful discussions, and Lucia Espona Pernas and Meena Choi for computational support. Author Contributions: R.H., S.S., R.O., R.L.M., B.W., and R.A. designed experiments; R.H., S.S., R.O., F.C., D.F.B., and U.K. performed the MS measurements for the SRMAtlas generation; R.S. performed the measurements in healthy blood donors; M.H. provided the patient plasma samples; S.S. performed the measurements in the patient plasma cohort; R.H., S.S., Z.S., and D.C. analyzed data; G.R. developed the script for the retention time extraction; D.C. and R.L.M. developed the platform for the accessibility of the data; J.C. selected the N-glycosites from UniProt; O.R. generated the methods for the MS measurements; R.H., S.S., B.W., and R.A. wrote the paper.
↵* This work was supported, in whole or in part, by American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds through National Institutes of Health Grant R01 HG005805 (to R.L.M. and to Z.S., D.C., and U.K.), the EDRN program of the NCI (to R.A.), and in part by NIGMS Grant 2P50 GM076547 from Center for Systems Biology. This work was also supported by American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds through grant number R01 HG005805 (to R.L.M.) the National Human Genome Research Institute; funding from the National Center of Competence in Research Neural Plasticity and Repair (to B.W.); the Swiss National Science Foundation Grant 31003A_135805 (to B.W.); SystemsX.ch/InfectX and SystemsX.ch/BIP (to B.W.); the Swiss National Science Foundation Grant 3100A0-107679 (to R.A.); the PRIME-XS Project funded by the European Union 7th Framework Programme Grant 262067 (to R.A.), the European Research Council Grant ERC-2008-AdG 233226 (to R.A.), funding from the Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine and the University of Luxembourg, from the National Science Foundation MRI Grant 0923536. U.K. was supported by a fellowship from the German Academic Exchange Service. Conflict of Interest: R.S. is CEO at ProteoMediX AG; O.R. is CSO at Biognosys AG, and R.O. is an employee of Biognosys AG. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Revision received February 4, 2013.
, eds. (2012) Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward, The National Academies Press, Washington D.C.


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Bilma is een oase in de regio Agadez in Niger. De oase ligt op een oude routes van de transsaharahandel.
Bilma had in 2011 een bevolking van 6481. Op 8 juni 2016 werd in Bilma de hoogste temperatuur ooit gemeten in Niger: 49,0 °C.

Geografie
Bilma ligt in het Kaouar-dal in de Ténéréwoestijn. Buurgemeenten zijn Dirkou in het noorden, N'Gourti in het zuiden en Fachi in het westen. Tot de gemeente behoren de dorpjes Aquer en Zoo Baba.
Het gebied kent een woestijnklimaat, de gemiddelde overdagtemperatuur in de maanden mei t/m september ligt boven de 40 °C. Januari is het minst warm met een gemiddeld maximum van 27 °C. De jaarlijkse neerslag is met 15 mm gering, de meeste regen valt in augustus met gemiddeld 9 mm.

Geschiedenis

De Duitse Afrika-onderzoeker Gerhard Rohlfs bezocht Bilma in 1866 en schreef over de betekenis van de zoutwinning.

In 1907 werd in het Franse militaire territorium Niger een zone Bilma afgebakend. De hoofdplaats was eerst niet de oase, maar N'Guigmi aan het Tsjaadmeer. Pas in 1911 werd bij een herindeling de oase een aparte zone met Bilma als hoofdplaats.

In augustus 2006 werd Bilma getroffen door overstromingen, veroorzaakt door de overvloedigste regenval sinds het begin van de waarnemingen in 1923. Ongeveer 1200 woningen (vaak van leem gebouwd) werden verwoest en ruim 4000 mensen werden dakloos. De neerslag bedroeg in die maand 71 mm.

Bevolking
Bilma telde bij de volkstelling van 1988 een aantal van 2421 inwoners; in 2001 waren het er 2300. Bij de volkstelling van 2012 waren er 4409 inwoners. De bevolking bestaat voornamelijk uit leden van de Kanuri en de Tubu. Een andere bron meldt voor 2011 een inwonertal van 6481. De talen die in Bilma worden gesproken zijn het Kanuri, de Tubu-taal en het Libisch-Arabisch.

Economie en infrastructuur

In de oase worden voornamelijk dadels geteeld, maar vooral is de zoutwinning van belang, die hier al vanaf de 15e eeuw gaande is. De bekkens van Kalala liggen ongeveer 3 km ten noordwesten van de oase. De productie van zout bestemd voor vee (likstenen) bedraagt ongeveer 20.000 ton per jaar, die van keukenzout 12.000 ton.. In de nabijheid zijn doorgaans grote aantallen dromedarissen aanwezig die vanuit Bilma het zout afvoeren. De tegenwoordige hoofdroute van de karavanen verloopt in oost-west richting naar Agadez en het Aïr-gebergte.

In Bilma bevinden zich een kazerne en een rechtbank. Ook zijn er een douane- en een politiepost, en een postkantoor. Er is geen hotel, en behalve enkele winkeltjes zijn er geen andere voorzieningen voor toeristen. Het vliegveld van Dirkou ligt 35 km naar het noorden.

Tegenwoordig komt uit meerdere artesische bronnen grondwater naar boven. Zoutwater en zoetwater komen op korte afstanden van elkaar naar boven; deze kunnen door tegenwoordige technieken gescheiden worden gehouden. Door breuken in de aardkorst komt water van grote diepte door artesische druk langs schuinliggende gesteentelagen. Daar waar het door zouthoudende lagen uit het krijt stroomt, komt het als zoutoplossing aan de oppervlakte; hieruit wordt zout geproduceerd. Het zoete water wordt door de dadelpalmen gebruikt die geen aanvullende bevloeiing nodig hebben; voor de bewoners zijn er in het dorp een aantal tapplaatsen.

Plaats in Niger

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Utah Arts Festival 2019: Saurus will bring prehistoric vibe to festival's street theater scene
Les Roka
Many of Utah Arts Festival's special street theater attractions have been unforgettable. In 2014, Australia's Strange Fruit using a soundtrack with excerpts from Mozart to swing, acted out a universally approachable timeless story of a boy and girl in romance, expressing love, loss, jealousy and joy. However, the quartet of performers danced, flirted and delighted audiences with comic gestures while atop specially made flexible fiberglass poles reaching more than 15 feet high. For the 40th anniversary in 2016, the 'internationally acclaimed aliens' otherwise known as the Neighbourhood Watch Stilts International from the U.K. performed Les Oiseaux de Lux, a story about a flock of wingless birds who have the power to elicit even a good bit of laughter and amusement from the most stoic ego-focused individual in a festival crowd. Last year, BANDALOOP, which has expanded its international portfolio of vertical dance works to breathtaking new levels of artistic altitude, transformed the City Library's south-facing glass wall above the reflecting pool into a unique stage.
This year, festival organizers are reaching to the prehistoric era, as Close Act Theatre, based in The Netherlands, brings Saurus, a trio of large dinosaurs to entertain and 'confront' – good-naturedly, of course – crowds at several shows each day of the event (June 20-23, daily at 4,6, and 8 p.m.).
The incredible costume engineering and logistics of this theatrical act have been perfected over the last 15 years, as Saurus has been seen at major events around the world. Close Act Theatre, which has operated since 1991, is the creative platform established by Hesther Melief and Tonny Aerts.
The logistics are impressive. A Saurus stands more than 16 feet tall and more than 22 feet in length, as the performers move on stilts but are completely encased in these gigantic costumes that they are completely unrecognizable as humans. The costumes are so elaborate that they have sound installations inside, which provides the appropriate audio effects to make the experience seem even more realistic. However, the show's most impressive aspect of the show comes at the end when the costumes are dismantled and audiences can observe the elegant straightforward logistics of this theatrical engineering.
The Saurus dinosaurs, which appear to be a hybrid of velociraptor-like creature and a dragon from the Arthurian legends, amble through the grounds, occasionally leaning down as they gently touch the heads of festivalgoers. They will be accompanied by a volunteer dinosaur 'wrangler.'
In a Skype interview with The Utah Review, Melief, whose training was in graphic design and whose mother had an extensive background in street theater , says she and Aerts were inspired after watching numerous curious street theater performances, including an insect character on stilts.
Each show runs 30 minutes, a strenuous challenge for performers who must navigate on stilts with limited vision inside costumes with sound systems that weigh between 45 and 55 pounds. "It is a real workout for us," Melief adds, that hot, humid climates especially make them sweat profusely.
Nevertheless, the rewards of audience appreciation more than compensate for the strenuous efforts involved in staging the show. At first, the realism might stun children or even a few adults but then they warm quickly to the experience. Saurus should be a solid draw in Utah, given the extensive array of dinosaur exhibits at the Natural History Museum of Utah, which documents evidence of their presence in the area during prehistoric times.
As imposing as they appear on first sight, Melief says the show's purpose is to be playful and certainly non-threatening. Audience reactions vary from country to country. In Asian countries, spectators tend to be reserved and gentle, while those in South America are wildly enthusiastic at the appearance of Saurus. However, for Melief and Aerts, it is the end of the show that brings the greatest satisfaction, when the reveal shows that it was humans, not robots or mechanical manipulation, who moved in the costumes. In recent years, Saurus has performed at Omaha, Ann Arbor, Detroit and Breckenridge, Colorado.
Saurus typically brings three to 12 'dinosaurs' for a show, especially using smaller numbers in the States, given the costs of shipping the costumes overseas. However, in Europe, there have been as many as 33 characters. In addition, Close Act has developed other productions, including Birdmen, Coloured Wings, and Per-Q.
Melief explains that Saurus is not just channeling our deep curiosity about dinosaurs but reminding us about a natural world where many species are dinosaur-like creatures that exist today and the responsibility to ensure they continue to exist. They include crocodiles, bird species such as the shoebill, the great flying fox that resembles a bat, oceanic creatures including the goblin shark, Japanese spider crab, large jellyfish and giant salamanders as well as raptors such as the cinereous vulture. Virtually every bird species can be traced to prehistoric creatures.
For more information about all events, see the Utah Arts Festival website. Ticket information can be found here.
close act theatre
hesther melief
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I am a native of Toledo, Ohio, having received my Ph.D. in journalism and mass communication from Ohio University's Scripps School of Journalism in 2002. In addition to teaching at Utah State University and the University of Utah, I have worked extensively in public relations for a variety of organizations including a major metropolitan university, college of osteopathic medicine, and community college. When it comes to intellectual curiosity, I venture into as many areas as possible, whether it's about music criticism, the history of journalism, the practice of public relations in a Web 2.0 world and the soon-to-arrive Web 3.0 landscape, or how public debates are formed about many issues especially in the political arena. As a Salt Lake City resident, I currently write and edit a blog called The Selective Echo that provides an entertaining, informative, and provocative look at Salt Lake City and its cosmopolitan best. I also have been the U.S. editorial advisor for an online publication Art Design Publicity based in The Netherlands. And, I use social media tools such as Twitter for blogging, networking with journalists and experts, and staying current on the latest trends in culture and news. I also have been a regular monthly contributor to a Utah business magazine, and I have recently conducted a variety of editing projects involving authors and researchers throughout the country and the world, including Dubai, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Lebanon, Cyprus, the United Kingdom, France, and Japan. I'm also a classically trained musician who spent more than 15 years in a string quartet, being involved in more than 400 performances.
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Best Practice: It is good to separate application beans from infrastructure beans. Also it's good to segregate beans in different files rather than using one single bulky file containing whole lot of bean configuration.
Bootstrapping ApplicationContext using files using various classes by Spring can also be achieved in an easy manner. We can mix the methods discussed in the preceding section to achieve the desired result in your application. Below are the two ways by which to achieve this in easy manner, one using prefixes and other by using wildcards.
The above bootstrapping of application context loads all the bean definition files inside the folder sample in the classpath ending with –context.xml.
Using only XML configurations can create delay in system development and maintenance due to huge and complicated configuration files. To solve this issue, Spring Framework came up with configuration using annotation. Spring 2.0 provided annotations for transaction management or persistence handling such as @Transactional, @Required, @PersistenceContext/@PersistenceUnit. From Spring 2.5, annotations directly related to Spring configuration xml are introduced such as bean or dependency definition. Spring 3 has started to provide JSR-330 (Dependency Injection for Java) Annotation, a standard annotation for dependency injection as well as Spring-specialized annotation.
Spring container detects the bean using the @Component annotation declared in the class level. All the stereotype annotations like @Repository, @Service etc., which are explained in the below sections of this chapter in turn has @Component annotation. Once this is done the BeanFactoryPostProcessor's defined in the application are called. Soon after this, the actual bean instantiation and dependency injection happens using the @Autowired annotation on the constructors and then injection of objects for all the fields and methods having @Autowired annotation. If BeanPostProcessor's are defined, these are called soon after this.
Complete explanation of various annotations will be out of scope of this section and this book, Instead, I focus on the various annotations that are most important the context of Spring Framework. Annotations can be divided into Bean Management, Dependency Injection and Life Cycle based on usage.


Watch this video on how Jesus became so widely accepted as White and hear from scholar, Dr. Tabatha Jones Jolivet, one of the authors of White Jesus: The Architecture of Racism in Religion and Education.
Available now, click on the image above to purchase your copy. Click here to view an interview with all four authors of the book.


The event covered the cost of offsite manufactured solutions for the residential sector both from a client and supply chain perspective. Is offsite cost effective & are clients ready to use more offsite to increase capacity?
This residential hub event looked at how the offsite sector is addressing cost, are clients getting value for money and what capacity is there in the sector to deliver a predictable housing supply to market that gives confidence to clients.
Risk Profile – traditional route: if the contractor goes out of business there are other solutions available to the client. The offsite sector needs to collaborate in order to increase the risk profile and win client's trust. Thinking has to go into providing other options and solutions if things don't go as initially planned – there needs to be a consistency in approach.
What is the industry going to look like in 5 & 10 years time?
Tom Eshelby, Stelling Properties – How can a vertically integrated developer, builder and off-site manufacturer best control their costs, supply chain and quality in the early days of establishing the business?
Andrew Goodwin, B+K Structures – highlighted how their product range can meet current regulations and deliver cost effective solutions to clients.
David Butler, UKAA & Mark Woodrow, BTR Partners – Challenges for the supply chain in meeting the demands of the Build To Rent Sector over the next 3-5 years. Articulated the scale of the opportunity and the barriers to be overcome to meet the ambitions of all parties.
product will set materials and build systems apart from each other so what part will BOPAS play in ensuring future product is accredited to the right standards and why BOPAS.
Dennis Seal, Buildoffsite – Indicative Cost Analysis – What is a CSA? Why do we need one? How does it work? Who uses them?
Graeme O'Doherty, The McAvoy Group – How important is it that you get the cost thresholds right for your product range and what percentage of your product is manufactured in the factory, what does this look like on our indicative CSA. What do clients want from you most when discussing the cost of supply and how are you able to respond.
Jon Wardle, AMCM – What role can Construction and project managers play in delivering competitive offsite housing solutions? How do you balance quality against cost? What examples do you have to support this?
Alex Hyams, Alinea Consulting – What are the key drivers behind the cost of offsite housing product? What should our members look out for when selling or buying product? What part does quality play in selecting product? Why doesn't offsite providers like tendering for work?


Welcome to the home of the Pioneer Theatre Company's Electrics Department. Here you will find information regarding employment opportunities, call schedules, and general information about PTC Lighting. You can also find site drawings, lighting inventory and other pertinent information for lighting designers.
The Pioneer Theatre Lighting Department is currently running Lightwright 5 and Vectorworks 2010 on Apple Computers. We have access to a black and white plotter that is capable of printing pages up to ArchD (24×36) in size. We can provide designers with online storage space for plots, paperwork, and other digital documents via our dedicated file server or we also use DropBox for online file sharing.
If you have questions or if you have any trouble with the files above, please don't hesitate to call or email our master electrician.
Interested in getting involved with the Pioneer Theatre Lighting department? Click here for more information.
We are currently fully staffed for paid positions in the electrics department, but we are happy to take on volunteers. We are also happy work with local college students to set up for-credit internships. When paid positions open up we will make that information available here. If you are interested in volunteering or receiving periodic emails with updates on when we could use volunteers or if we have paid positions available you can contact us directly.


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Back to Board of Parole Hearings
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1 The Board performs a variety of additional functions for the adult inmate population, including hearings for offenders with mental health disorders, screenings for sexually violent predators, international prisoner transfers, and investigations for gubernatorial pardons and commutations of sentence. In addition, the Board determines when long-term offenders are discharged from parole and initiates extradition proceedings for certain persons who escape or abscond from parole and are apprehended outside of California.
2 There were 8,091 parole hearing grants 2010 through 2019; 3,680 approvals for release of determinately-sentenced nonviolent offenders under Proposition 57 (July 2017 through September 2020); 4,336 determinately-sentenced nonviolent second striker inmates approved for release under the parole consideration process ordered by the Three-Judge Panel in the Plata/Coleman class action litigation (January 2015 through June 2017).
3 Recidivism is defined as any new misdemeanor or felony conviction for an offense committed during the three years following release. Recidivism rates are discussed in more detail later in this report.
4 Pen. Code, § 3041, subd. (a).
5 Pen. Code, §§ 3041, subd. (c), 5075, subd. (b).
6 Pen. Code, § 3041.7
7 Pen. Code, §§ 3043 – 3043.3.
8 Pen. Code, § 3041.5, subd. (a)(3).
9 Pen. Code, § 3041.5, subd. (d).
10 Pen. Code, § 3041.5, subd. (b)(4).
11 Penal Code section 3041, subdivision (a) states the Board "shall normally grant parole." However, subdivision (b) of the same section states the Board "shall grant parole to an inmate unless it determines that the gravity of the current convicted offense or offenses, or the timing and gravity of current or past convicted offense or offenses, is such that consideration of the public safety requires a more lengthy period of incarceration for this individual." This language has been the subject of numerous published decisions, including In re Lawrence (2008) 44 Cal.4th 1181 and In re Shaputis (2008) 44 Cal.4th 1241 in which the Supreme Court clarified in 2008 that the central question for the Board when determining parole is whether the inmate poses a current unreasonable risk of danger to the public.
12 15 CCR § 2281, subd. (b).
13 15 CCR § 2281, subd. (d).
14 Pen. Code, § 4801.
15 15 CCR § 2281, subd. (c).
16 In re Shaputis (2011) 53 Cal.4th 192, 219.
17 Pen. Code, § 4801(c).
18 15 CCR § 2445(d).
20 The HCR-20 was developed to help structure decisions about violence risk (based on static and dynamic risk factors) and it has become the most widely used and best validated violence risk assessment instrument in the world. It has been translated into 20 languages and adopted or evaluated in more than 35 countries. The PCL-R, although not a risk assessment instrument per se, is the most researched and most widely administered assessment of dissocial or psychopathic personality characteristics associated with violent and sexual offending. The Static-99R is the State Approved Risk Assessment Tool for Sex Offenders (SARATSO) in California. The Static-99R is administered to provide a baseline estimate of risk for violent and sexual reconviction among offenders who have committed sex crimes. It is the most researched and most widely administered assessment of sexual offending risk. All three instruments were developed to have widespread applicability in correctional and forensic settings, have been cross-validated across many types of offender samples, and have been in use for more than 25 years.
21 Pen. Code, § 3041, subd. (b)(2).
22 Pen. Code § 3041, subd. (b)(2).
23 En banc review is a review conducted by a majority of the commissioners holding office on the date the matter is heard by the Board. (Pen. Code § 3041, subd. (e)).
24 A sentence of 25 years-to-life is an example of an indeterminate sentence of "life with the possibility of parole" and the person would have to serve a minimum of 25 years, less any applicable credits, before the person was eligible for a parole hearing.
25 As of October 12, 2020.
26 "Controlling offense" is defined as an offense or enhancement for which any sentencing court imposed the longest term of imprisonment. (Pen. Code, § 3051, subd. (a)(2)(B)).
27 Pen. Code, § 3051, subd. (b); 15 CCR §§ 3492-3497. In 2014, persons who were under the age of 18 when they committed their controlling offense were eligible for a youth offender parole hearing. (Ch. 312, Statutes of 2014). In 2016, eligibility was extended to persons who were under the age of 23 when they committed their controlling offense. (Ch. 471, Statutes of 2016). In 2018 eligibility was extended to persons who were under the age of 26 at the time of their controlling offense. (Ch. 675, Statutes of 2018).
28 The following persons are excluded: persons sentenced under the Three Strikes Law (with the exception of one-strike offenders due to People v. Edwards (2019) 34 Cal.App.5th 183), persons sentenced to life without the possibility of parole for crimes they committed while over the age of 18, and persons who, after turning age 26, commit an additional crime for which malice aforethought is a necessary element of the crime or for which the individual is sentenced to life in prison. (Pen. Code, § 3051, subd. (h)).
29 Ch. 684, Statutes of 2018; Pen. Code, § 3051, subd. (b)(4).
30 Currently, Penal Code section 3055 applies to inmates who are age 60 and who have served 25 years. Effective January 1, 2021, Penal Code section 3055 will be amended and persons age 50 and who have served 20 years of incarceration will be eligible for parole hearing by December 31, 2022. (Ch. 334, Statutes of 2020).
31 The following persons are excluded: persons sentenced under the Three Strikes Law, persons convicted of first degree murder of a peace officer, and persons sentenced to life without the possibility of parole or condemned. (Pen. Code § 3055(g), (h).)
32 Persons who are condemned, sentenced to life without the possibility of parole, sentenced under the Three Strikes Law, or convicted of first degree murder of a peace officer killed in the performance of their duties are not eligible for an elderly parole hearing under Penal Code section 3055. If the court order is dismissed, elderly parole will be governed by Penal Code section 3055 and elderly parole will no longer apply to inmates sentenced under the Three Strikes Law or who are convicted of murdering a peace officer. (Plata v. Brown, USDC ND Cal. No. 01-1351 TEH, Order Granting in Part and Denying in Part Defendant's Request for Extension of December 31, 2013 Deadline (ECF No. 2766); Ch. 676, Statutes of 2017; Ch. 334, Statutes of 2020.
33 In re Edwards, (20190 26 Cal.App.5th 2081; holding nonviolent parole includes indeterminately-sentenced persons and their primary offense shall be calculated by taking the maximum term applicable by statute to the underlying nonviolent offense. (15 CCR § 3495, subd. (d); 15 CCR §§ 3492-3497, 2449.30-2449.34.)
35 In re Lawrence (2008) 44 Cal.4th 1181; In re Shaputis (2008) 44 Cal.4th 1241.
36 Pen. Code, §§ 3043, 3043.1, 3043.3.
37 Pen. Code, § 3043, subd. (d).
39 The California Supreme Court has held that "the passage of time, during which the Board may expect positive changes in the prisoner's maturity, understanding, and mental state, is a changed circumstance." (In re Vicks (2013) 56 Cal.4th 274, 305.)
40 Pen. Code, §§ 3041.5, subd. (d)(1); 3043.
41 15 CCR §§ 2150-2157.
42 Garner v. Jones (2000) 529 U.S. 244, p. 254.
43 State and federal courts have held that Marsy's Law does not impose an ex post facto punishment on inmates, on its face or as applied. (In re Vicks, supra 56 Cal.4th 274, 317; Gilman v. Brown (2016) 814 F.3d 1007.)
45 CDCR classifies felony as property crimes, drug/alcohol crimes, crimes against persons, and "other" felony crimes.
46 Persons who present as a moderate risk pose an elevated risk relative to long-term parolees and non-elevated or below average to average risk relative to shorter-term parolees released without discretion; persons who present as a high risk pose an elevated risk relative to long-term parolees and average to above average risk relative to shorter-term parolees released without discretion.
47 The fee of $750 per assignment was based on an average reimbursement rate from 12 county criminal defender's fee schedules applicable in cases when the Public Defender has a conflict and the level of representation is similar to that expected of counsel in a parole hearing.
48 15 CCR §§ 3490-3491; 15 CCR §§ 2449.1-2449.7.
50 15 CCR §§ 2449.4, 2449.5.
51 15 CCR § 2449.4.
52 15 CCR §§ 3490, 3491.
53 Cal. Const., art. I, § 32, subd. (a)(1)(A); 15 CCR § 3490, subd. (d).
54 15 CCR § 3490, subds. (a), (c).
55 15 CCR § 3491, subd. (b)(3).
56 15 CCR § 3491, subds. (c), (d).
57 15 CCR § 3490, subd. (f).
59 15 CCR § 3491, subd. (g).
60 15 CCR § 3492, subd. (a).
64 15 CCR § 2449.3, subd. (a).
66 15 CCR § 2449.3, subd. (b).
69 15 CCR §§ 2449.4, subds. (b), (c), 2449.5.
71 15 CCR § 2449.4, subd. (d).
72 15 CCR § 2449.4, subd. (f).
73 15 CCR § 3493.
74 15 CCR § 2449.4, subd. (h).
Jennifer Shaffer
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Montreal, June 1, 2016 – June is off to a fine start in Les Jardins Gamelin, with a rich and varied program featuring dance, music, movies, family activities and urban agriculture workshops. Daily until 11 p.m., the Place Émilie-Gamelin summer gardens invite Montrealers to enjoy non-stop free activities and entertainment.
This festival of the living arts is celebrating its 10th anniversary by presenting Décalogue – a series of multi-disciplinary works inspired by the festival's first ten years – in Les Jardins Gamelin. True to its literal meaning ("ten words"), Décalogue presents as many creative languages of contemporary artists who have made a mark on the festival, as well as several new talents. Every evening at 6 p.m. until June 8, an artist will create a new work or adapt a work from their own repertoire. Come enjoy Mélanie Demers, Geneviève & Matthieu, Sarah Berthiaume, the La 2e Porte à Gauche collective, Philippe Boutin and other artists of movement.
Two very different performers will take the stage for the Jeudis de… series, where artists have free rein to introduce you to their music and whatever else strikes their fancy. Come to the Jardins to be charmed by Fanny Bloom's sweet voice on June 2, and to marvel at the talent of guitarist Peter Henry Phillips on June 9. Be there!
This big picnic on June 2 celebrates solidarity, inclusion and tolerance for all, particularly people with disabilities. From 11:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., everyone is invited to play, dance and enjoy a picnic.
After emerging as one of last summer's Jardins Gamelin highlights, the famous immersive event is back to make Montreal dance. Lose yourself in the music and energized atmosphere on June 16, from 5 to 11 p.m. Featuring Éloïze creating house-flavoured soundscapes on the turntables, followed by the incomparable DJ and producer Mighty Kat, a star of the Montreal and European scenes who will spin a fantastic night of house music.
Quebec's movies are in the spotlight with open-air screenings of three recent audience favourites – a first for the Jardins. On June 18, come see La Passion d'Augustine by Léa Pool, presented by Radio-Canada in collaboration with Québec Cinéma. Don't forget your chair!
The daily program for Les Jardins Gamelin continues all month with activities and series for every taste, including urban agriculture workshops and garden tours with Sentier Urbain, family Sundays and singer-songwriters onstage as part of the Midi de l'Escalier and Concert découverte series. There will also be regular DJ sets thanks to Lunch soul, turntable nights and the Miss DJ series, giving the Jardins a great atmosphere for your lunches and happy hours.
Sentier Urbain promotes urban agriculture and is ready to help anyone who wants to learn more about the environment and how it works. Come explore this year's four theme gardens: a heritage garden, a pollinators' garden, a nursery forest and a small vegetable garden.
Jardins Gamelin discovery sessions, every Tuesday from 5 to 7 p.m. A chance to learn more about the different plants, how they are grown, and their medicinal and culinary uses.
Urban agriculture workshop for families, every Sunday from 11 to 11:45 a.m. These family workshops help participants familiarize themselves with various urban agriculture topics (medicinal plants, gardening, composting, etc.).
Sundays in the Jardins, especially for families! After the family workshops led by Sentier Urbain, parents and kids are invited to have a picnic and some entertainment. Starting at 3 p.m., children can test their singing talent with Karaoke Kid (except Sunday, June 26), then let the rest of the family have their turn starting at 5 p.m. Don't miss the wide variety of art workshops, as well as group workouts every week. On June 5, Bouge de là, led by Hélène Langevin, presents a creative dance workshop especially for families. And, on June 12, don't miss African dance with Samajam!
Les Escales improbables de Montréal present Synestésias d'été, a series of artistic gatherings created especially for Les Jardins Gamelin, featuring a visual artist and a musician. It's a simple concept: in a live performance-event, the artist and the musician perform together, leading to a new painting. The duos who will appear in this evolving exhibition in June: Étienne Doucet and Jesse McCormack (June 4), Ariane Côté and Martine Gagné (June 11), and Philippe Duguay-Blais and Navet Confit (June 18).
THE SNACK BAR IN LES JARDINS GAMELIN: BREAKFAST FROM 7:30 a.m.
To make life easier for early risers on their way to work, the snack bar run by Dominic St-Laurent and his team from Ballpark restaurant will serve nutritious breakfasts starting at 7:30 a.m. The snack bar also serves lunch and dinner, and has a selection of delicious cocktails.
The regular program will be put on hold from June 20 to 30, during preparations for Fracas, the latest show by Montréal Complètement Cirque. During this time the Jardins and the snack bar will remain open to the public daily from 7:30 a.m. to 11 p.m.
For complete program details, subscribe to the weekly Jardins Gamelin newsletter* and follow us on Facebook.
From May to October 2015, Place Émilie-Gamelin showed a new face to Quartier des Spectacles residents and visitors with Les Jardins Gamelin. A large, green and inviting civic space in the heart of downtown, Les Jardins Gamelin is an original temporary layout comprising a set of versatile facilities. Seven days and nights a week, the space hosts a vibrant series of cultural and citizen-oriented activities for every taste. The initiative, led by the Quartier des Spectacles Partnership, is produced in collaboration with Pépinière & co. It benefits from the contributions of numerous partners and the financial support of the borough of Ville-Marie. This large-scale project encourages Montrealers to use and embrace this central space, and aims to turn it into one of the city's leading tourist attractions.


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