text:
Bob Corritore Interview Featured In Blues Blast Magazine
In the winter of 1956, Willie Dixon penned the now-classic "I Love the Life I Live, I Live the Life I Love" and Muddy Waters took the song into Chess Studios at 2120 South Michigan Avenue in Chicago and turned it into a fire-breathing monster.
Around that same time – in September of 1956 – Bob Corritore was born in the Windy City.
Coincidence …? Maybe not, especially when factoring in what a massive impact hearing Muddy Waters on the radio at age 12 – and then seeing the legend up-close-and-personal at a performance in his high school gymnasium – would have upon young Bob Corritore.
But one thing's for sure; while "I Love the Life I Live, I Live the Life I Love" is not Corritore's official theme song, it really should be, because that title fits the Phoenix-based blues impresario to a 'T.'
You don't have to get very deep into a conversation with Corritore to understand that he feels he is exactly where he's supposed to be, doing exactly what he's supposed to do, loving every single minute along the way.
"Well, I really enjoy everything that I do, so when I wake up first thing in the morning, I'm excited about what the day will bring. I just really thrive on the satisfaction that this work brings me," he recently said. "It's really fun and great work and I feel like it's purposeful. I feel like there's something to be said with what I'm doing and it's important for me to have that statement."
Corritore's resume reads like a virtual audition for the annual title of 'Busiest Person in Blues Endeavors.' Not only does Corritore blow a mean harp; he's an award-winning song-writer and an accomplished producer; he pens a regular e-news letter; he's a longtime disc jockey and is also the proprietor of a live music landmark in Phoenix – The Rhythm Room. And oh, yeah – he's played and befriended everyone from Louisiana Red, Sam Lay, Chico Chism, Eddy Clearwater … to everyone in between. In other words, it's been one heck of a ride so far for Bob Corritore. That ride shows no signs of slowing down, and with a recent respite from the road, he's been spending some valuable time re-organizing his nightclub.
"I have been putting a lot of concentration on The Rhythm Room lately; we've kind of been rebuilding over there. My wonderful manager of 17 years – Mona – left the organization last year and we've been forced to look at a new way of running the place in her absence," he said. "That has actually turned out to be a powerful and positive thing, because there's a lot of talented people that work in our music venue and they've really stepped up to the plate and are doing a great job. We've made some really big strides and are putting on some really great shows. The really great thing about having a nightclub is that even in the periods when I'm not touring, I can still make it a very exciting time for myself on my home base at The Rhythm Room."
When stars such as John Primer, Big Jack Johnson or Smokey Wilson would roll through Phoenix, they found a razor-sharp backing band upon their arrival – the Rhythm Room All-Stars. The latest version of that group, in addition to Corritore, features Big Jon Atkinson, Troy Sandow, Danny Michel and Brian Fahey.
"We're kind of serving as a backing band for a number of things. We just recently did Henry Gray's 90th birthday party and we've done a stand-alone show and have backed up John Primer, so we're doing some really fun stuff," said Corritore. "We also use Mojo Mark and Kedar Roy, so we can kind of adapt to the needs of the individual artists."
As it always is, the entertainment calendar at The Rhythm Room (www.rhythmroom.com) is stuffed to the gills with all kinds of tasty music on tap in the near future.
"We've got a Henry Gray CD release party coming up; we'll do some shows with Darrell Nulisch, along with Taildragger and Rockin' Johnny, so we've got some really cool shows happening," he said. "And Willie Buck will be joining us, so we've put together some really fun things that I'm looking forward to."
Between all the gigs at The Rhythm Room and his myriad of other daily tasks, Corritore is busy readying what looks to be a super tasty treat for blues lovers the world over to devour this summer.
"The next record that will be out is scheduled for June 16 on Delta Groove, and it will be the Henry Gray/Bob Corritore Sessions Vol. 1 – Blues Won't Let Me Take My Rest. It will be a collection of different things that Henry and I have done over the last 19 years. I've been working with Henry since 1996," he said. "We've done all these great sessions and this first volume just has a wonderful collection of songs – everything from the first session we did in January of 1996, all the way to the session we did on his 90th birthday party on January 19, 2015. We had him in the studio recording on his actual birthday and I tell you, he's still kicking and has no signs of slowing down. When I grow up, I want to be like Henry Gray. Some of the sessions have great guitar work from Bob Margolin, some with Kid Ramos and some with Robert Lockwood, Jr. Henry sings vocals on nine of the 14 songs that are there and then we have one vocal each by Robert Lockwood, Jr., John Brim, Nappy Brown, Dave Riley and Taildragger. Of the 14 tracks, only four have been out before."
The last studio album issued under Corritore's own name was the marvelous Taboo (Delta Groove) – an all-instrumental affair that had several interesting twists and turns during its birth and ended up being a special journey for its creator.
"Taboo was such a powerful release and it took me into a different and exotic side of the blues. The cool thing about that record is, I'm a Chicago blues, down-home player, but this record went into a decidedly more uptown, more west coast kind of thing. I knew that it was going to be a very challenging record to cut and it took a lot of woodsheding and a lot of thought to make," he said. "When you make an instrumental record, you don't want it to sound like a vocal song without the vocals. For years, I've loved the art of an instrumental record; I've marveled at it and enjoyed it. There's a particular strategy involved that is about the groove and the melody and the mood and having a very concentrated little capsule of sound that takes you to a certain place and tells you a certain story. That's what I tried to accomplish with all of that (Taboo)."
Accomplish that he most certainly did, with some very capable help rendered from an 'A-Team' of special guests.
"On the majority of the record, there were some fantastic west coast players – like Fred Kaplan, who helped me interface with the other guys, and his all-instrumental record, Hold My Mule was a bit of an inspiration for me to do my record. And there was Junior Watson, who is simply a guitar genius, along with Richard Innes and Kedar Roy. Here were the building blocks for whatever you wanted to do. These guys are so versatile and so musical and so lyrical in their playing that it made it a very fun project. The other thing is, these guys are total pros. They would take these raw ideas that I had and run with them and make them into beautiful songs, sometimes in ways I never would have imagined."
There was a bit of last-minute, Texas-sized swagger that arrived late in the tracking for Taboo, as well.
"After we had done two sessions and pretty-much had a record, I had the extreme privilege of catching Jimmie Vaughan in town and he was agreeable to doing a couple of hours in the studio with me, and from that we came up with two wonderful instrumentals ("Mr. Tate's Advice" and "Shuff Stuff") and had a blast doing it," Corritore said. "And we had Papa John Defrancesco in the midst of all that, along with Doug James, who played sax. It was really just a fun little throw-down. That album was really fun, because I got to interact with some of the best players in the world. And we all fed off each other."
Having a steady parade of such incredible players in and out of the studio might be a tad un-nerving – or at the very least make for a bit of a pause – for some players, but for Corritore, that's simply business as usual. He's made a career out of sharing the bandstand and the studio with musicians that run the whole spectrum of roots-related music and he's practically written the book on playing with anyone, at any time, regardless of the situation or the location.
"I do pride myself on being able to jump into situations and make it sound real and right and in the moment, making it sound like we've been playing together for years, when maybe we've not," he said. "My philosophy has always been to try and fit into what makes the song work … what makes a particular role in a band work. I really enjoy being able to feed off different sounds and I try and do my best to give the appropriate accompaniment that will add something to all of that. If I can do that, I've done my job."
One of Corritore's main running partners the past decade or so has been the one-and-only Dave Riley. Together, Corritore and Riley have issued three amazing CDs, discs that take things back to the purest form of the blues, with just one voice, one guitar and one harmonica … and one heck of a lot of fun.
"When Dave and I get together, it is the pure, down-home blues, like nobody's business. Dave and I have created something that's uniquely ours and we can take it anywhere and play it for anybody and it works," Corritore said. "There's a certain simplicity to good, down-home blues – not that it's simple to play – but there's just a simple pleasure there that's undeniable and Dave has the voice and the guitar style to pull that off. That makes me want to play and that happened the very first time we played together and it's been happening ever since. It's a natural thing."
Despite the fact that one might be hard-pressed to find two more different people – and personalities – Corritore and Riley blend together smoother and tastier than peanut butter and jelly.
"Dave and I are completely different people; Dave is a country boy and I'm a city boy and in our 10 years of working together – which we just recently celebrated – we've been toe-to-toe a few times on how you should run a business of music," said Corritore. "But within all of that, we love each other so much and we love when we get together and play … it's a very powerful statement for both of us. We find our way through our differences and make it into something that really, really works. We've had some great moments in the time of our lives together. We've done a heck of a lot together and not only that, but Dave is one of the most hysterical people, ever. I feel very blessed to have Dave Riley as my neighbor, my partner and my friend."
Venues that provide live blues music on a regular basis – truth be told, all clubs that feature live music, not strictly limited to just the blues – seem to be open one day and then permanently closed down the next. And while Corritore has no doubt faced his own challenges since christening The Rhythm Room way back in 1991, he's proven that he's a shrewd businessman and has been able to adapt to a number of different economic climates over the years.
"Well, after Sept. 11, 2001, I think all the rules changed. It just became a different market for the blues. Prior to that, I was able to book blues and roots-related music every night of the week. After that, I had to be a lot more careful during the week and incorporate all types of music, which I think is not a bad thing to do, because I love all types of music," he said. "In doing that, we've been able to cross-pollinate some of the audiences that might come to see an indie rock show and when they see The Rhythm Room has a fun vibe, they might come back to see some blues on the weekend. I've found there's a really nice crossover that can happen when you do that. Of course, weekends – Friday and Saturdays – are devoted to the blues. We have blues through the week, too, but we're not specific to the blues, other than on Friday and Saturday nights. The Rhythm Room will take you to a number of different places. Music is from the soul and it all has its unique appeal and I'm all about that."
Maybe it was part of the initial plan, or maybe it was another thing that he cultivated along the way, but when Corritore opened The Rhythm Room, that also helped open the door to a number of recording sessions with some of the richest names in the blues as guests of honor.
"In tandem with performing at the club, we coupled recording sessions with that, and as some of the older veterans that I admired were coming through town, I invited them into the recording studio as an additional gig and more often than not, people accepted the invitation," Corritore said. "So I'm sitting on a treasure chest of these great recordings that I hope in my life, I'm able to get out. There's just a huge backlog of sessions from the last 20 years … unreleased songs by Bo Diddley and Jimmy Rogers, Little Milton … just fantastic recordings that I hope to be able to get out someday. There's just so many great sides that I hope to get out, and as time and money permits, I try and squeak out a release or two a year. I hope to continue to do that as long as I can, while I'm still working on new projects, so I can keep my foot both in the future and in the past."
Corritore's radio program on station KJZZ – Those Lowdown Blues – has been a fixture on Phoenix-area dials for an impressive 31 years now (the show can be heard Sundays from 6-11 p.m., Standard Mountain Time at http://www.kjzz.org). While it's by no means easy to program five hours of blues music to spin over the airwaves every week, having his own radio show seems to be as pleasurable as it is labor-intensive for Corritore.
"I have a very traditionally-based radio show and go at it from a really historical perspective. About 90-percent of what I play on the show is from the 1950s. I play new releases, but they're from artists that are very traditional. I play the pre-war stuff and I'll hang out in the '60s a bunch and play some of the crossover music – R&B, soul, gospel and of course, Zydeco music and some early rock-n-roll. To me, that all fits in the blues family," he said. "It's just a great way, over a five-hour period, to take people on a guided tour of the blues. And I also get to have five hours in my busy schedule to sit back and enjoy the music that I love the most. I feel it's a true privilege to be able to share the music with others that's been so important in my life."
In a lot of ways, music in the present day resembles a giant boiling pot of gumbo, with genres and styles being mixed and matched and stirred together on a regular basis. Yesterday's 'alternative rock' has become today's 'classic rock' and the soul and R&B music of years past has morphed into a new strain of hip-hop. Blues music, too, has undergone its share of reinvention along the way, but Corritore says the mother of all music is still as vibrant as ever.
"The blues continues to grow and change and I think that's only normal and healthy. Obviously, people like Muddy Waters and Howlin' Wolf and Little Walter – the forefathers and the basis for this music – are moving further and further into the past with each year. But as you would know by attending the International Blues Challenge in Memphis, the blues is alive and well," he said. "Now it's got a whole youthful movement to it. I'm really enjoying playing with 26-year-old Big Jon Atkinson and I recently met Kyle Rowland from the Bay Area, who is a really fine harmonica player that is only 19 years old. And there's a guy named Nick Clark from Colorado, who is probably only in his 20s that is a great harmonica player. Then there's this skateboard kid – Carson Diersing – who shows a tremendous amount of promise on the harp; he's got a really good sound. I'm also completely impressed by Kingfish and Mookie out of Clarksdale. Those young men really have the thing. And I just worked with Sadie Johnson for a Blue Star Connection event. She's an incredible talent. Jacob Huffman – the harmonica player from the 44s – just turned 20 and plays like a seasoned veteran. It's really nice to see the new blood come out and play the music. These are guys that never got to see Muddy Waters or Howlin' Wolf, but they sure have looked at every one of their YouTube clips and have studied the music and have learned the language and are now finding their own conversation. It's very exciting."
"You know, back in the '50s, this (blues) was the music of hits. I don't think we can say that now, but within all of that, there is a very alive-and-well underground that's keeping everything going. I don't see that dying out … ever. I think it's just too strong to ever die."
A lot of time has gone by since the days that Corritore fell under the spell of Muddy Waters back in his hometown and picked up a harmonica for the first time. In a cool twist of fate – something that sounds like it was plucked from the pages of a fairy tale – later on in his life, Corritore ended up having the chance to share the bandstand with a number of musicians that were in Muddy's band the first time he saw them live and in person.
"I had no idea that I would be able to work with some of the artists that I saw right there; like Pinetop Perkins, Willie 'Big Eyes' Smith and Bob Margolin," he said. "I just had no idea that would be the case and my life would become so far involved in being an extension of that tradition. I'm real proud of that. And I've worked with Muddy's son – Mud Morganfield – and produced records for Mojo Buford, and John Primer is a dear friend and we've worked and toured Europe together … I'm in it deep."
Despite all that has happened in his life since his early days in Chicago, Corritore still remembers the immediate impact those first encounters with Muddy had on him like they occurred only yesterday.
"As soon as I heard Muddy – which was many years before I ever saw him, I must have been 12 or 13 – at that point, I knew it was music that I loved. It was rock-n-roll in its purest form and that was everything that I wanted musically," he said. "From that moment forward, my life was moving in that direction. Of course, I was raised in a family that made sure I was college-educated and told me I should have a career in business, but at a point, it became very apparent to me that I had no choice but to have a life in music. I have been able to incorporate business and music together, but there's no way I could live without the music. It's the main thrust of what I do. I would feel very unfulfilled and incomplete if I did not have music in my life."
Visit Bob's website at bobcorritore.com.
Photos by Bob Kieser © 2015 Blues Blast Magazine
Blues Blast Magazine Senior Writer Terry Mullins is a journalist, author and former record store owner whose personal taste in music is the sonic equivalent of Attention Deficit Disorder. Works by the Bee Gees, Captain Beefheart, Black Sabbath, Earth, Wind & Fire and Willie Nelson share equal space with Muddy Waters, The Staples Singers and R.L. Burnside in his compact disc collection. He's also been known to spend time hanging out on the street corners of Clarksdale, Miss., eating copious amounts of barbecued delicacies while listening to the wonderful sounds of the blues.


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This is a soft cookie with three Italian ingredients. The cookies are moist but have crunchy bits from the polenta. I used Giada De Laurentis's Lemon Ricotta Cookie recipe as a guide but I made several changes.
Sift flour, polenta, baking powder and salt together and set aside.
In a stand mixer or regular large bowl, beat butter for one minute. Add sugar and beat until fluffy, about 4 minutes. Using a rubber spatula, push down the butter and sugar mixture on the side of the bowl.
Add the eggs one at a time. Each time you add an egg, make sure it mixes well (and spread the mixture on the side).
Add the ricotta cheese, lemon juice, and lemon zest and mix to combine.
Stir in dry ingredients from step 2 and combine.
Line two baking sheets with parchment paper or Sil-Pad. Use a small cookie scoop or tablespoon, drop about 2 tablespoons of dough on the prepared baking sheet and shape them round.
Bake for 16 minutes, until slightly golden at the edges. Remove from the oven and let the cookies cool on the baking sheet.
Combine the powdered sugar and lemon juice in a small bowl and stir until smooth. Spoon 1/2 teaspoon of icing on the cookie and spread gently. Let the glaze harden before you serve.


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text:
package org.apache.maven.plugins.jlink;

import java.io.File;

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.lang.SystemUtils;
import org.apache.maven.model.Dependency;
import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoFailureException;
import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.LifecyclePhase;
import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.Mojo;
import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.Parameter;
import org.apache.maven.plugins.annotations.ResolutionScope;
import org.apache.maven.project.MavenProject;
import org.codehaus.plexus.util.FileUtils;
import org.codehaus.plexus.util.cli.Commandline;

/**
 *

 * Usage: jlink <options> --module-path <modulepath> --add-modules <mods> --output <path>
 * Possible options include:
 *  -h, --help                        Print this help message
 *  -p <modulepath>
 *  --module-path <modulepath>        Module path
 *  --limit-modules <mod>[,<mod>...]  Limit the universe of observable modules
 *  --add-modules <mod>[,<mod>...]    Root modules to resolve
 *  --output <path>                   Location of output path
 *  --endian <little|big>             Byte order of generated jimage (default:native)
 *  --version                         Version information
 *  --save-opts <filename>            Save jlink options in the given file
 *  -G, --strip-debug                 Strip debug information
 *  -c, --compress=<0|1|2>            Enable compression of resources (level 2)
 *  --plugin-module-path <modulepath> Custom plugin module path
 *  --list-plugins                    List available plugins
 *  @<filename>                       Read options from file
 *

 *
 * @author Karl Heinz Marbaise khmarbaise@apache.org
 */
// TODO: Think if ResultionScope is needed here? May be we need to reconsider package phase?
// May be it would be wise to put into PREPARE-PACKAGE and the generation of the final jimage in the package phase?
// Furthermore It could make sense so we can change the conf files if needed...
// CHECKSTYLE_OFF: LineLength
@Mojo( name = "jlink", requiresDependencyResolution = ResolutionScope.COMPILE_PLUS_RUNTIME, defaultPhase = LifecyclePhase.PACKAGE, requiresProject = true )
// CHECKSTYLE_ON: LineLength
public class JLinkMojo
    extends AbstractJLinkMojo
{
    /**
     * -G, --strip-debug strip debug information.
     */
    @Parameter( defaultValue = "false" )
    private boolean stripDebug;

    /**
     * -c, --compress=<0|1|2> Enabled compression of resources.
     */
    @Parameter
    private Integer compression;

    /**
     * Limit the univers of observable modules. --limit-modules <mod>[,<mod>...]
     */
    @Parameter
    private List<String> limitModules;

    /**
     * Root modules to resolve. --add-modules <mod>[,<mod>...]
     */
    @Parameter
    private List<String> addModules;

    /**
     * Custom plugin module path --plugin-module-path <modulepath>
     */
    @Parameter
    private File pluginModulePath;

    /**
     * --output <path>
     *

     */
    @Parameter( defaultValue = "${project.build.directory}/jlink" )
    private File outputDirectory;

    /**
     * Byte order of generated jimage (default:native). --endian <little|big>.
     *

     * TODO: Reconsider setting the default value? Hasn't that been set already?
     */
    @Parameter( defaultValue = "native" )
    private String endian;

    @Parameter( defaultValue = "${project.compileClasspathElements}", readonly = true, required = true )
    private List<String> modulePaths;

    public void execute()
        throws MojoExecutionException, MojoFailureException
    {

        String jLinkExec;
        try
        {
            jLinkExec = getJLinkExecutable();
        }
        catch ( IOException e )
        {
            throw new MojoFailureException( "Unable to find jlink command: " + e.getMessage(), e );
        }

        getLog().info( "Toolchain in maven-jlink-plugin: jlink [ " + jLinkExec + " ]" );

        // TODO: Find a more better and cleaner way?
        File jLinkExecuteable = new File( jLinkExec );

        // Really Hacky...
        File jLinkParent = jLinkExecuteable.getParentFile().getParentFile();
        File jmodsFolder = new File( jLinkParent, "jmods" );

        getLog().debug( " Parent: " + jLinkParent.getAbsolutePath() );
        getLog().debug( " jmodsFolder: " + jmodsFolder.getAbsolutePath() );

        failIfParametersAreNotInTheirValidValueRanges();

        deleteOutputDirectoryIfItAlreadyExists();

        List<MavenProject> sortedProjects = getSession().getProjectDependencyGraph().getSortedProjects();
        for ( MavenProject mavenProject : sortedProjects )
        {
            getLog().info( "MavenProject: " + mavenProject.getBasedir() );
        }

        List<Dependency> dependencies = getSession().getCurrentProject().getDependencies();

        List<MavenProject> modulesToAdd = new ArrayList<>();
        for ( Dependency dependency : dependencies )
        {
            if ( "jmod".equals( dependency.getType() ) )
            {
                MavenProject mp = findDependencyInProjects( dependency );
                // TODO: What about module name != artifactId which has been
                // defined in module-info.java file!
                modulesToAdd.add( mp );
            }
        }

        if ( addModules == null )
        {
            addModules = new ArrayList<>();
        }

        for ( MavenProject mavenProject : modulesToAdd )
        {
            addModules.add( mavenProject.getArtifactId() );
        }

        if ( modulePaths == null )
        {
            modulePaths = new ArrayList<>();
        }

        // JDK mods folder
        modulePaths.add( jmodsFolder.getAbsolutePath() );

        for ( MavenProject mavenProject : modulesToAdd )
        {
            File output = new File( mavenProject.getBuild().getDirectory(), "jmods" );
            modulePaths.add( output.getAbsolutePath() );
        }

        // Synopsis
        // Usage: jlink <options> --module-path <modulepath> --add-modules <mods> --output <path>
        Commandline cmd;
        try
        {
            cmd = createJLinkCommandLine();
        }
        catch ( IOException e )
        {
            throw new MojoExecutionException( e.getMessage() );
        }
        cmd.setExecutable( jLinkExec );

        executeCommand( cmd, outputDirectory );

    }

    private MavenProject findDependencyInProjects( Dependency dep )
    {
        List<MavenProject> sortedProjects = getSession().getProjectDependencyGraph().getSortedProjects();
        MavenProject result = null;
        for ( MavenProject mavenProject : sortedProjects )
        {
            if ( dep.getGroupId().equals( mavenProject.getGroupId() )
                && dep.getArtifactId().equals( mavenProject.getArtifactId() )
                && dep.getVersion().equals( mavenProject.getVersion() ) )
            {
                result = mavenProject;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    private void failIfParametersAreNotInTheirValidValueRanges()
        throws MojoFailureException
    {
        if ( compression != null && ( compression < 0 || compression > 2 ) )
        {
            String message =
                "The given compression parameters " + compression + " is not in the valid value range from 0..2";
            getLog().error( message );
            throw new MojoFailureException( message );
        }

        // CHECK if this assumption here is correct?
        // if ( modulePaths != null && ( !modulePaths.isEmpty() ) )
        // {
        //
        // // FIXME: Need to check if the given paths exists? and if they are
        // // folders?
        // // String message = "The given module-paths parameter " + modulePath.getAbsolutePath()
        // // + " is not a directory or does not exist.";
        // // getLog().error( message );
        // // throw new MojoFailureException( message );
        // }
    }

    private void deleteOutputDirectoryIfItAlreadyExists()
        throws MojoExecutionException
    {
        if ( outputDirectory.exists() )
        {
            // Delete the output folder of JLink before we start
            // otherwise JLink will fail with a message "Error: directory already exists: ..."
            try
            {
                getLog().debug( "Deleting existing " + outputDirectory.getAbsolutePath() );
                FileUtils.forceDelete( outputDirectory );
            }
            catch ( IOException e )
            {
                getLog().error( "IOException", e );
                throw new MojoExecutionException( "Failure during deletion of " + outputDirectory.getAbsolutePath()
                    + " occured." );
            }
        }
    }

    Commandline createJLinkCommandLine() throws IOException
    {
        File file = new File( outputDirectory.getParentFile(), "jlinkArgs" );
        if ( !getLog().isDebugEnabled() )
        {
            file.deleteOnExit();
        }
        file.getParentFile().mkdirs();
        file.createNewFile();

        PrintStream argsFile = new PrintStream( file );

        if ( stripDebug )
        {
            argsFile.println( "--strip-debug" );
        }

        if ( compression != null )
        {
            argsFile.println( "--compression" );
            argsFile.println( compression );
        }

        if ( modulePaths != null )
        {
            argsFile.println( "--module-path" );
            argsFile.append( '"' )
                    .append( getColonSeparateList( modulePaths ).replace( "\\", "\\\\" ) )
                    .println( '"' );
        }

        if ( limitModules != null && !limitModules.isEmpty() )
        {
            argsFile.println( "--limit-modules" );
            StringBuilder sb = getCommaSeparatedList( limitModules );
            argsFile.println( sb.toString() );
        }

        if ( addModules != null && !addModules.isEmpty() )
        {
            argsFile.println( "--add-modules" );
            StringBuilder sb = getCommaSeparatedList( addModules );
            argsFile.println( sb.toString() );
        }

        if ( outputDirectory != null )
        {
            argsFile.println( "--output" );
            argsFile.println( outputDirectory );
        }

        argsFile.close();

        Commandline cmd = new Commandline();
        cmd.createArg().setValue( '@' + file.getAbsolutePath() );

        return cmd;
    }

    private String getColonSeparateList( List<String> modulePaths )
    {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for ( String module : modulePaths )
        {
            if ( sb.length() > 0 )
            {
                sb.append( SystemUtils.PATH_SEPARATOR );
            }
            sb.append( module );
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    private StringBuilder getCommaSeparatedList( List<String> modules )
    {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for ( String module : modules )
        {
            if ( sb.length() > 0 )
            {
                sb.append( ',' );
            }
            sb.append( module );
        }
        return sb;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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I am excited to be an OHLEsport Ambassador and part of the OHLEsport family. This organization cares not only about individual development but also finds joy in providing under privileged kids the opportunity to excel through the Kids Future Fund program. The idea of this simple yet unique OHLE training system brings a lot to the sport in terms of development, allowing repetitive touches on the ball as well as focus on mastering your first touch.
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Mini laptops, netbooks and tablet PCs have succeeded multi-function heavy computers. Most of them do not have an optical drive, but it isn't a drawback.
Even if something is happened to your laptop and Windows 7 installation is required, you will be able to perform this process using USB flash drive.
We recommend that you attentively read this article before starting Windows installation.
So, if you are the proud owner of a computer without DVD-ROM and puzzled with a question how to reinstall Windows, you can use our instructions for correct installation of Windows from a flash drive.
First you should find out if your laptop supports USB boot. In most cases there are no questions about it but if they are you should think about hardware upgrade. Check the latest BIOS version on motherboard manufacturer's website. Then we start to create a bootable USB drive for Windows.
Prepare a flash card with at least 4 GB of free space, because Windows 7 distribution takes a lot of space. Creating a bootable USB drive for Windows will require: PC or laptop with Windows Vista or Windows 7 and a disk with corresponding distribution. If soon-to-be Windows bootable flash drive contains important information, be sure you already have it copied in a safe place, as removable drive will be formatted. Then you can proceed with Windows 7 installation.
Step-by-step instructions Once the flash drive is ready for use, you can start formatting a bootable Windows partition on the flash drive.
• First of all, you should start a command line with administrator privileges. This can be done in two ways. The first way: go to "Start" menu, type cmd in the search box and hit a 3-key combination: Ctrl + Shift + Enter. Second way: go to "Start" menu, choose All programs, then Accessories, and after that right-click on Command Prompt. Select Run as administrator, thus a command line will be launched. Remember that you should have administrator rights to install Windows 7 from a flash drive on your computer.
• Before you record Windows on a flash drive, explore necessary information about your removable drive. Type DISKPART in the command line and press Enter. You will see the list of disks from which you should remember the number of your flash drive in the operating system. Then you can continue Windows installation on your netbook.
• Minimize a command line window without closing it. Insert DVD with Windows 7 or Vista and look at the name of DVD drive in the system. Let's assume that this is F disk.
• The next stage is returning to a command line and going to the folder containing the boot files on the disk. In a command line type the following: F: - CD BOOT. You will need the file from F:\BOOT folder. Run this file to generate a boot code on the flash drive. Type BOOTSECT.EXE /NT60 H: (in this case "H" is a designation of your flash drive in the OS). Then press Enter, and the following message will be displayed: Successfully updated NTFS file system boot code. This means that the loader is created.
• The next step is very simple: copying DVD contents to the flash drive.
• Finally, after all performed operations you can install Windows 7 from USB flash drive. You need only to set boot priority in BIOS. Put your flash drive in a USB port and press Del during load process. Change the order of hard disks in Boot / Hard Disk section so that our flash drive is the first. Then select the removable drive as the 1st Boot Device in the Boot / Boot Device Priority.
There are many ways to install Windows 7 from USB flash drive, and this is not the easiest, so before you start, we recommend that you read other way how to install Windows from a flash drive on a netbook.
Some users complain that they are having troubles installing Windows 7 from a flash drive, and we are ready to reply any questions that you may have. We also recommend that you get a spare removable drive for storing Windows from USB flash drive. If your operating system crashes, you will always have Windows on a flash drive on your hand.
We recommend that you save the article with detailed information about Windows installation from a flash drive and use it as a manual.
What about Windows XP? We have figured out how to install Windows 7 from a flash drive on a netbook. But what if you don't have Windows 7 or Windows Vista?
A lot of people wonder if it is possible to create such flash drive in Windows XP? In fact, this OS does not have default tools for creating a boot loader on removable drive. But there is a solution. You should use capabilities of a free third-party application such as MBRWiz. Further actions are not much different from the previous instruction.
• First of all, you should format flash drive. Right click on the removable drive and select Format from the menu. Since Windows XP formats flash drives only in FAT32, you will need NTFS.
• Then type in the command line: CONVERT I: /FS:NTFS (in this case I means the name of a flash drive in the system).
• Generate a boot loader code in the same way as described in Windows Vista /7.
• After copying distribution files on removable drive, bootable USB disk is ready.
That's all. The main thing is not to lose self-control in a difficult situation. You do know all about how to install Windows from a flash drive on a computer and how to reinstall Windows on a laptop.


Home » Expired Contests » Enter to win Goosebumps 2 on Bluray!
Enter to win Goosebumps 2 on Bluray!
You're in for a fun scare when Sony Pictures Home Entertainment unleashes GOOSEBUMPS 2 debuting on Digital and available via the Movies Anywhere App on December 25 and coming to Blu-ray™ and DVD January 15. Slappy the devious ventriloquist dummy returns to run amuck, in this second installment of the family-friendly franchise based on R.L. Stine's beloved book series. GOOSEBUMPS 2 is on Digital December 25th and coming to Blu-ray™ & DVD January 15th, 2019.


text:
Q: Border on hover and cropping the image inside element I am trying to add an inner border to parent on hover, make the image stay put and get cropped to the same pixels as the border of the parent.
Any ideas?
HTML

CSS
.videoList {padding:0;}
.videoList li {box-sizing:border-box;float:left;padding:0;display:block;}
.videoList li img {display: block;}
.videoList li:hover {border:solid 5px #eb6c34;}

fiddle:
http://jsfiddle.net/6Lon213n/1/
P.S. IE9+ must be supported.

A: You can use a pseudo element :
.videoList li:hover:after {
    content:'';
    position:absolute;
    top:0;
    left:0;
    width:100%;
    height:100%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    border:solid 5px #eb6c34;
}

DEMO
Note that if your image is a link, you need to set the pseudo element on the  element to enable cliking :
DEMO

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
What is "Economic Insecurity" and Why Should We Care?
by Will Wilkinson
In his new book, The Great Risk Shift, and on the Political Animal blog at The Washington Monthly website a couple weeks back, Yale political science Jacob Hacker has been selling his line that "economic insecurity" is on the rise, and the state needs to do something about it.
Hacker seems to me to get a lot of mileage out of equivocating systematically between a psychological and objective sense of the word 'insecurity'. Hacker may be right that there has been an increase in income volatility (though, I'm told, it is not clear how much this has to do with systemic economic changes, as opposed to details of Hacker's model and the changing composition of the "households" tracked by the data), and this no doubt causes people some anxiety. But anxiety is not actual insecurity. The Bush administration, in its constant efforts to shore up political support for its so-called "global war on terror" does its best to needle Americans into feeling sufficiently anxious about the constant threat of terrorist attacks. But our anxiety and our national security are two completely separate things. We can feel anxious yet be secure, and we can feel perfectly safe at the same moment a deadly missile bears down upon us from the sky. What matters most is whether we are secure, not how we feel. Likewise with economy security.
It strikes me that Hacker's strategy is quite like the Bush administration's in this regard, doing his best to encourage people to feel insecure, in order to sell his favored policy remedy. But all but a very few don't need a remedy for economic insecurity. We are economically secure. And we don't need a remedy for volatility, either. We certainly do get anxious about it, but that's fine. There are lots of things that make us anxious–from public speaking to finding a mate–and the right thing for the government to do about it is nothing at all.
Hacker constantly attempts to connect his proposals to the spirit of New Deal-era "economic security" policy. But this is a stretch at best, dishonest at worst. In 1937, economic security meant something clear. It meant material sufficiency–having enough to put bread on the table, a roof over your family's head, and clothes on their backs. Hacker simply is not talking about material sufficiency, which is the basis for any notion of economic security worth caring about. He's talking about the middle and upper middle class, about the anxiety of trading in a Volvo for a Honda. That's not economic insecurity. That's just a bummer.
It would be extremely difficult to satirize Hacker's attempt to arouse our indignation, since he actually begins it with what he intends to be a sympathetic tale about a highly privileged woman with a graduate degree from Harvard worrying whether to withdraw her son from a Montessori school when her husband took a lower-paying job after the tech bubble burst. "It was as if their old life had been swept away by a hurricane," Hacker says, not even joking. (I imagine that if Hacker ever has his car egged by ne'er-do-well kids, it will be as if a falling meteor had demolished everything he had ever known and ever loved.)
The point is not that this family did not undergo a great deal of anxiety, or have to make wrenching trade-offs in order to fit into their new budget. The point is that their real anxiety is likely less serious, and more easily fixed, than that of a balding, overweight thirty-something who fears he will never find love. The point is that their new, lower post-hurricane budget is large–leaps and bounds beyond the point of objective economic security. It is likely even large in relative terms, compared to the American median (which is itself absolutely large). And a Harvard grad degree is a more tightly-knit safety net than the U.S. government could ever devise. So why are we, qua voting citizens, supposed to be worried about her private anxieties? She is among the most economically secure cohort in the history of the known universe. Why does Hacker think this has any coherent intellectual relationship with the welfare-liberal tradition of making sure its citizens have enough to live a decent life? If the teacup travails of the bourgeoisie is supposed to raise our moral hackles and provide a legitimate basis for liberal politics, then what about our lonely balding bachelor? What can his country do for him.
If that sounds like a joke, it's not. As Reihan Salam likes to argue, changing norms of marriage and family may play a large role in producing Hackeresque volatility. So if the anxieties based in volatile earnings are a proper matter for liberal policy, why not the anxieties about finding a wife? It's not obvious that they are entirely separate things.
The main debate between welfare liberals and market liberals largely centers on economic security, understood properly as the odds of achieving economic sufficiency. What system of institutions is most likely to provide everyone with the resources needed to express their autonomy, realize their potential, and pursue their goals? That's the question. Hacker doesn't seem to me to even seriously approach it. His case for increased initiatives of state-controlled social insurance largely turns on equivocating on the traditional meaning of economic security and scandalously mischaracterizing the classical liberal ideals of private ownership, voluntary mutual aid, and personal responsibility, about which more later.
[Cross posted from Cato@Liberty]
The Unnerving Risk of Being Wealthy: Becoming Slightly Less Wealthy!
In "Public Policy"
Posted in Political Philosophy, Public Policy
Author: Will Wilkinson
Vice President for Research at the Niskanen Center	View all posts by Will Wilkinson
Prev What is "Economic Insecurity" and Why Should We Care?
Next Illusions of Risk
I feel like I keep having to explain that we've already failed the peaceful transfer of power test. 6 hours ago

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
The Himalayan wolf (Canis lupus chanco) is a canine of debated taxonomy. It is distinguished by its genetic markers, with mitochondrial DNA indicating that it is genetically basal to the Holarctic gray wolf, genetically the same wolf as the Tibetan and Mongolian wolf, and has an association with the African wolf (Canis lupaster). No striking morphological differences are seen between the wolves from the Himalayas and those from Tibet. The Himalayan wolf lineage can be found living in Ladakh in the Himalayas, the Tibetan Plateau, and the mountains of Central Asia predominantly above  in elevation because it has adapted to a low-oxygen environment, compared with other wolves that are found only at lower elevations.

Some authors have proposed the reclassification of this lineage as a separate species. In 2019, a workshop hosted by the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group noted that the Himalayan wolf's distribution included the Himalayan range and the Tibetan Plateau. The group recommends that this wolf lineage be known as the "Himalayan wolf" and be classified as Canis lupus chanco until a genetic analysis of the holotypes is available. The Himalayan wolf lacks a proper morphological analysis. The wolves in India and Nepal are listed on CITES Appendix I as endangered due to international trade.

Taxonomy
Canis chanco was the scientific name proposed by John Edward Gray in 1863, who described a skin of a wolf that was shot in Chinese Tartary. This specimen was classified as a wolf subspecies Canis lupus chanco by St. George Jackson Mivart in 1880. In the 19th and 20th centuries, several zoological specimens were described:
Canis niger by Philip Sclater in 1874 was a wolf specimen collected near Hanle in Kashmir.

Lupus filchneri by Paul Matschie in 1907 was a wolf skin from Xining in China's Qinghai province. It had been collected by Wilhelm Filchner during an expedition to China and Tibet in 1903–1905.
Lupus karanorensis by Matschie in 1907 was a skin and a skull of a wolf that was shot in an oasis near Dunhuang in China in 1894.
Lupus tschiliensis by Matschie in 1907 was a skull of a wolf specimen that was shot in the coastal region of China's Zhili province.
Canis lupus coreanus by Yoshio Abe in 1923 was a wolf specimen from the vicinity of Seoul in the Korean Peninsula.
In 1938, Glover Morrill Allen classified these specimens as synonyms for C. l. chanco. In 1941, Reginald Pocock corroborated this assessment after reviewing wolf skins and skulls in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. In 2005, W. Christopher Wozencraft also listed C. l. niger, C. l. filchneri, C. l. karanorensis, and C. l. tschiliensis as synonyms for C. l. chanco.

Canis himalayensis was proposed by Aggarwal et al. in 2007 for wolf specimens from the Indian Himalayas that differed in mitochondrial DNA from specimens collected in other parts of India. In April 2009, Canis himalayensis was proposed as a distinct wolf species through the Nomenclature Specialist on the CITES Animals Committee. The proposal was based on one study that relied on only a limited number of museum and zoo samples that may not have been representative of the wild population. The committee recommended against this proposal, but suggested that the name be entered into the CITES species database as a synonym for Canis lupus. The committee stated that the classification was for conservation purposes only, and did not "reflect the latest state of taxonomic knowledge". Further fieldwork was called for. This genetic lineage shows a 3.9% divergence in the mDNA cytochrome b gene when compared with the Holarctic grey wolf, which may justify it being classified as a distinct species. In 2019, a workshop hosted by the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group noted that the Himalayan wolf's distribution included the Himalayan range and the Tibetan Plateau. The group determined that the earliest available Latin name is Canis chanco Gray, 1863, but the geographic location of the holotype is unclear. The group recommends that this wolf lineage be known as the "Himalayan wolf" and classified as Canis lupus chanco until a genetic analysis of the holotypes is available.

In 2020, more recent research on the Himalayan wolf genome indicates that it warrants species-level recognition under the Unified Species Concept, the Differential Fitness Species Concept, and the Biological Species Concept. It was identified as an evolutionary significant unit that warranted assignment onto the IUCN Red List for its protection.

Characteristics

The Himalayan wolf has a thick, woolly fur that is dull earthy-brown on the back and tail, and yellowish-white on the face, belly, and limbs. It has closely spaced black speckles on the muzzle, below the eyes, and  on the upper cheeks and ears.

Larger than the Indian and common European wolves, it reaches  in length,  tall at the shoulder, and weighs around  on average.

The heart of the Himalayan wolf can withstand the low oxygen level at high elevations. It has a strong selection for RYR2, a gene that initiates cardiac excitation.

Phylogeography

The  mitochondrial DNA of 27 wolves from the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau was compared in 2004. Results indicate that five related haplotypes formed a clade that is basal to all other wolves. This clade included one sample from Ladakh, nine from the Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh, four from Nepal, and two from Tibet. The Himalayan wolf clade diverged from other canids 800,000 years ago. Seven wolves from Kashmir did not fall into this clade. The mtDNA of 18 captive wolves in the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park was analysed in 2007. Results showed that they shared a common female ancestor. As this study was based on captive-bred zoo specimens that had descended from only two females, these samples were not considered to be representative. Additionally, the wolf population in the Kashmir Valley is known to have recently arrived in that area. Subsequent genetic research showed that wolf samples from Tibet are genetically basal to the Holarctic gray wolf. Its MT-ND4L gene commences with the base pairs GTG, whereas all other canids commence with ATG. Results of whole genome sequencing showed that it is the most genetically divergent wolf.

Analysis of scat samples from two wolves collected in upper Dolpo in  Nepal matched the Himalayan wolf. Fecal remains of four wolves collected in the upper Mustang region of the Annapurna Conservation Area also fell within the Himalayan wolf clade but formed a separate haplotype from those previously studied.

The Himalayan wolf population in Tibet declined over the past 25,000 years and suffered a historical population bottleneck. Glaciation during the Last Glacial Maximum may have caused habitat loss, genetic isolation, and ancient inbreeding. The population in Qinghai had grown, though, showing a gene flow of 16% from Chinese indigenous dogs and 2% of the dingo's genome. It probably recolonised the Tibetan Plateau. The Himalayan wolf contrasts with the wolves living at lower elevations in Inner Mongolia, Mongolia, and Xinjiang province. Some wolves in China and Mongolia also fall within the Himalayan wolf clade, indicating a common maternal ancestor and a wide distribution. There was evidence of hybridization with the grey wolf at Sachyat-Ertash in the Issyk-Kul region of Kyrgyzstan, and of introgression from either the grey wolf or the dog into the Himalayan wolf in Nepal.

A genomic study on China's wolves included museum specimens of wolves from southern China that were collected between 1963 and 1988. The wolves in the study formed three clades: north Asian wolves that included those from northern China and eastern Russia, wolves from the Tibetan Plateau, and a unique population from southern China. One specimen located as far southeast as Jiangxi province shows evidence of being admixed between Tibetan-related wolves and other wolves in China.

DNA sequences can be mapped to reveal a phylogenetic tree that represents evolutionary relationships, with each branch point representing the divergence of two lineages from a common ancestor. On this tree, the term "basal" is used to describe a lineage that forms a branch diverging nearest to the common ancestor.

Relationship to the Indian lowland wolf
In 2021, a study compared both the mitochondrial DNA and the nuclear DNA (from the cell nucleus) from the wolves of the Himalayas with those of the wolves from the lowlands of the Indian subcontinent. The genomic analyses indicate that the Himalayan wolf and the Indian lowland wolf were genetically distinct from one another. These wolves were also genetically distinct from – and genetically basal to – the other wolf populations across the northern hemisphere. These other wolves form a single mitochondrial clade, indicating that they originated from a single expansion from one region within the last 100,000 years. However, the study indicated that the Himalayan wolf had separated from this lineage 496,000 years ago, and the Indian lowland wolf 200,000 years ago.

Admixture with an unknown wolf-like canid
The Tibetan mastiff breed was able to adapt to the extreme highland conditions of the Tibetan Plateau very quickly, comparably to other mammals such as the yak, Tibetan antelope, snow leopard, and wild boar. The Tibetan mastiff's ability to avoid hypoxia in high elevations due to its higher hemoglobin levels compared to low-altitude dogs, was due to prehistoric interbreeding with the wolves of Tibet.

In 2020, a genomic analysis indicates that the wolves of the Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau are closely related. These wolves have an admixed history which includes gray wolves, dogs, and a ghost population of an unknown wolf-like canid. This ghost population is deeply-diverged from modern Holarctic wolves and dogs, has contributed 39% to the Himalayan wolf's nuclear genome, and contributed the EPAS1 allele which can be found in both Himalayan wolves and dogs which allows them to live in high altitudes.

Domestic dogs exhibit diverse coat colours and patterns. In many mammals, different colour patterns are the result of the regulation of the Agouti gene, which can cause hair follicles to switch from making black or brown pigments to yellow or nearly white pigments. The most common coat pattern found in modern wolves is agouti, in which the upperside of the body has banded hairs and the underside exhibits lighter shading. The colour yellow is dominant to the colour black and is found in dogs across much of the world and the dingo in Australia.

In 2021, a study of whole genome sequences taken from dogs and wolves focused on the genetic relationships between them based on coat colour. The study found that most dog colour haplotypes were similar to most wolf haplotypes, however dominant yellow in dogs was closely related to white in arctic wolves from North America. This result suggests a common origin for dominant yellow in dogs and white in wolves but without recent gene flow, because this clade was found to be basal to the golden jackal and genetically distinct from all other canids. The most recent common ancestor of the golden jackal and the wolf lineage dates back to 2 million YBP. The study proposes that 35,000 YBP there was genetic introgression into the Late Pleistocene grey wolf from a ghost population of an extinct canid which had diverged from the grey wolf lineage over 2 million YBP. This colour diversity could be found 35,000 YBP in wolves and 9,500 YBP in dogs. A closely related haplotype exists among those wolves of Tibet which possess yellow shading in their coats. The study explains the colour relationships between modern dogs and wolves, white wolves from North America, yellow dogs, and yellowish wolves from Tibet. The study concludes that during the Late Pleistocene, natural selection laid the genetic foundation for modern coat colour diversity in dogs and wolves.

Relationship with the African golden wolf

In 2011, the Himalayan, Indian and African wolves were proposed to represent ancient wolf lineages, with the African wolf having colonised Africa prior to the Northern Hemisphere radiation of the Holarctic gray wolf.

Two studies of the mitochondrial genome of both modern and extinct gray wolves (Canis lupus) have been conducted, but these excluded the genetically divergent lineages of the Himalayan wolf and the Indian wolf. The ancient specimens were radiocarbon dated and stratigraphically dated, and together with DNA sequences, a time-based phylogenetic tree was generated for wolves. The study inferred that the most recent common ancestor for all other Canis lupus specimens – modern and extinct – was 80,000 years before present. An analysis of the Himalayan wolf mitochondrial genome indicates that the Himalayan wolf diverged between 740,000 and 691,000 years ago from the lineage that would become the Holarctic gray wolf.

Between 2011 and 2015, two mDNA studies found that the Himalayan wolf and Indian gray wolf were genetically closer to the African golden wolf than they were to the Holarctic gray wolf. From 2017, two studies based on mDNA, and X-chromosome and Y-chromosome markers taken from the cell nucleus, indicate that the Himalayan wolf is genetically basal to the Holarctic gray wolf. Its degree of divergence from the Holarctic gray wolf is similar to the degree of divergence of the African wolf from the Holarctic wolf. The Himalayan wolf shares a maternal lineage with the African wolf. It possesses a unique paternal lineage that falls between the gray wolf and the African wolf. The results of these two studies imply that the Himalayan wolf distribution range extends from the Himalayan range north across the Tibetan Plateau up to the Qinghai Lake region in China's Qinghai Province.

In 2018, whole genome sequencing was used to compare members of the genus Canis. The African golden wolf was found to be the descendant of a genetically admixed canid of 72% gray wolf and 28% Ethiopian wolf ancestry. The Ethiopian wolf does not share the single-nucleotide polymorphisms that confer hypoxia adaptation with the Himalayan wolf. The adaptation of the Ethiopian wolf to living in high elevations may occur at other single-nucleotide polymorphism locations. This indicates that the Ethiopian wolf's adaptation has not been inherited by descent from a common ancestor shared with the Himalayan wolf.

Distribution and habitat

In China, the Himalayan wolf lives on the Tibetan Plateau in the provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet, and western Sichuan.

In northern India, it occurs in the Union Territory of Ladakh and in the Lahaul and Spiti region in northeastern Himachal Pradesh. In 2004, the Himalayan wolf population in India was estimated to consist of 350 individuals ranging across an area of about .
Between 2005 and 2008, it was sighted in the alpine meadows above the treeline northeast of Nanda Devi National Park in Uttarakhand. In 2013, a wolf was photographed by a camera trap installed at an elevation around  near the Sunderdhunga Glacier in  Uttarakhand's Bageshwar district.

In Nepal, it was recorded in Api Nampa Conservation Area, Upper Dolpa, Humla, Manaslu, Upper Mustang, and the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area. The Nepal Himalayas provide an important habitat refuge for the Himalayan wolf.

Behaviour and ecology
The howls of the Himalayan wolf have lower frequencies, unmodulated frequencies, and are shorter in duration compared to Holarctic wolf howls. The Himalayan and North African wolves have the most acoustically distinct howls and differ significantly from each other and the Holarctic wolves.

Prey
Himalayan wolves prefer wild over domestic prey. It usually prefers the smaller Tibetan gazelle over the larger white-lipped deer, and the plains-dwelling Tibetan gazelle over the cliff-dwelling blue sheep. Supplementary diet includes the small Himalayan marmot, big-eared pika and woolly hare. Himalayan wolves avoid livestock where wild prey is available, but habitat encroachment and the depletion of wild prey populations is expected to lead to conflict with herders. To protect them, securing healthy wild prey populations through setting aside wildlife habitat reserves and refuges is essential. Other recorded prey species are Bactrian deer, Yarkand deer, Tibetan red deer, Siberian roe deer, Siberian ibex, Tibetan wild ass, Przewalski's horse, wild yak, markhor, argali and urial.

Historical sources indicate that wolves occasionally killed children in Ladakh and Lahaul. Within the proposed Gya-Miru Wildlife Sanctuary in Ladakh, the intensity of livestock depredation assessed in three villages found that Tibetan wolves were the most prevalent predators, accounting for 60% of the total livestock losses, followed by the snow leopard and Eurasian lynx. The most frequent prey were domestic goats (32%), followed by sheep (30%), yaks (15%), and horses (13%). The wolves killed horses significantly more, and goats less, than would be expected from their relative abundance.

Conservation

The wolf in Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan is listed on  CITES Appendix I.
In India, the wolf is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, which prohibits hunting; a zoo needs a permission from the government to acquire a wolf. It is listed as endangered in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, where a large portion of the wolf population lives outside the protected area network. Lack of information about its basic ecology in this landscape is an obstacle for developing a conservation plan. In Nepal, it is protected under Schedule I of the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 (1973) prohibiting hunting it. In China, the wolf is listed as vulnerable in the Red List of China's Vertebrates, and hunting it is banned.

In captivity
In 2007, 18 Himalayan wolves were kept for breeding in two Indian zoos. They were captured in the wild and were kept at the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in West Bengal, and in the Kufri Zoo in Himachal Pradesh.

Notes

References

External links

Wolves
Fauna of the Himalayas
Mammals of China
Mammals of India
Carnivorans of Asia
Subspecies of Canis lupus
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
 Mammals of Tibet
   Category:Fauna of Tibet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Gluten-free diets combat celiac disease
Mae Harkins, Staff Writer|January 25, 2018
The term "gluten-free" has become a common label on food packages and menus. Chefs no longer come up empty-plated when faced with a gluten-free customer, but rather, provide an array of gluten-free choices. Supermarkets now have aisles full of gluten-free options, and restaurants offer gluten-free meals. There are even companies that exclusively produce gluten-free foods. All of this is because celiac disease, an autoimmune disease, has become more common in recent years. Gluten-free diets are essential for those contending with celiac disease, but may be detrimental for people without gluten sensitivity.
Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, triticale, and sometimes oats, and those who have celiac disease cannot consume it, according to celiac.org. This is because gluten damages their small intestines, leaving the body unable to absorb the proper nutrients, according to beyondceliac.org. In addition, when people who have celiac disease consume gluten, it can weaken the body and lead to malnutrition.
A gluten-free diet can have numerous health benefits, including a decrease in gas and bloating, an increase in energy, and it may help with weight loss, according to livescience.com.
There are disadvantages to a Gluten-free diets, including nutrient deficiencies of vitamin B, folate, and iron, according to The New York Times. For those looking to lose weight with their diets, finding gluten-free products that are conducive to weight loss may be difficult. While gluten-free products may seem healthier, they are often higher in fat, sugar, and calories than similar products containing gluten.
Foods like bread, pasta, and bagels contain a protein called gluten which is harmful to people with celiac disease. Courtesy of crpud.net.
Founder and director of the Center of the Celiac Research and Treatment at Massachusetts General Hospital Dr. Alessio Fasano, MD said that going gluten-free is often worse than consuming gluten for those without celiac disease or a non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
"Most people embrace the consumption of gluten-free products such as pizza, pasta, beer, and cookies, and therefore going gluten-free isn't better for you and in many ways can be worse," Dr. Fasano said, according to prevention.com.
One percent of the United States population suffers from celiac disease, which is approximately 3 million people. The rise of celiac disease began in the 1950s, but scientists have been unable to fully explain the cause of the disease's recent increase.
Some scientists speculate that the increase in number of people with celiac disease or gluten sensitivities is due to the recent use of genetically modified grains. Other scientists believe that the influx is due to more awareness and doctors providing better diagnoses. Researchers, however, state that these could not be the sole reasons.
Humans have been eating gluten for at least 10,000 years. However, recently there has been an influx of celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and people who simply choose to eat gluten-free products, according to newyorker.com. Sales of gluten-free products reflect this, as they increased worldwide from $11.5 billion in 2011 to $23 billion in 2014.
Sacred Heart Greenwich senior Bettina Hervey's doctor diagnosed her with celiac disease in third grade, and she has maintained a gluten-free diet since. She expressed her appreciation of the increased availability of gluten-free products.
"The growth of the gluten-free industry has been so helpful," Bettina said. "When I was first diagnosed with celiac disease, gluten-free diets were a fad, so lots of companies began to sell gluten-free products. The gluten-free-fad has faded since then, but luckily companies have continued producing gluten-free products."
Celiac disease now affects four times as many people as it did in 1950. While the cause had been inexplicable for over 50 years, professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic and president of the North American Society for the Study of Celiac Disease Dr. Joseph A. Murray and his colleagues published their discovery of a factor in the increase of celiac disease diagnoses July 1, 2009, according to newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org.
This graph compares one slice of Nature's Own Whole Wheat Bread and one slice of Udi's Gluten Free Whole Grain Bread. Mae Harkins '20
Dr. Murray analyzed blood samples of 9,000 Air Force recruits that the Air Force took between 1948 and 1954. Although Dr. Murray was expecting to find that one percent of the recruits suffered from celiac disease, he instead found that only two-tenths percent of the recruits' blood samples tested positive.
Comparing the results to recent blood tests of 20-year-old and 70-year-old men, he found that in both age groups, 1 percent of the population had evidence of celiac disease present in their blood tests. Dr. Murray concluded from his tests that the number of people with celiac disease has been increasing since 1950 in multiple generations. This implies that the cause is environmental, although he is unsure what is exactly the environmental cause.
Different researchers and scientists have given explanations of why celiac disease has increased recently, including bacteria growth in the intestines, according to threebakers.com. There is, however, no explanation on which all scientists agree.
Dr. Murray and other researchers, however, are still unable to determine why there has been such an increase of people who choose to eat gluten-free. Although the cause for the growth of the number of people who eat gluten-free remains unexplained, scientists do know that unless a person has been diagnosed with celiac disease or experiences non-celiac gluten sensitivity, it is healthier to eat products containing gluten rather than to avoid them.
Dive into this swim season with new head coach Ms. Noreen Haggerty
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Enjoy White Sox rumors, news, talk?
With all due respect to the May 21, 20-1 walloping by the Twins on the day Jake Peavy rejected his first chance to join the Sox, yesterday's 10-0 shellacking at Yankee Stadium is the worst game of the season. One hit, two walks and three errors.
On the bright side, no Sox runners were thrown out at the plate, and the team's record in one-run games didn't get worse.
Honestly though, watching Derek Jeter and the Yankees, do they even take this Sox team seriously?
Hawk was as downtrodden as I've ever heard him on the air yesterday afternoon. For the most part, he was completely on the money, calling out the team for a large majority of its struggles. Except for one thing. Trying to give the Sox a compliment, he called said that despite their struggles they are "resilient." Sorry Hawk, but I'm going to have to call BS on that one.
This is not a resilient team. Last year, 2008, despite their struggles the Sox were a resilient team. This 2009 version is a tip you cap, when you get down you're out team. If today wasn't an example of that, I don't know what is.
Ken Williams and the Sox seemed pretty pleased to rid themselves of Orlando Cabrera, Nick Swisher and Javy Vazquez, the so-called "clubhouse cancers/mental midgets" after last season. But despite whatever character issues those guys allegedly had, that 2008 club fared better than this one. So either clubhouse intangibles don't matter, or last year's clubhouse wasn't so bad after all.
The fact is, this team just isn't fun. And I'm not talking about Nick Swisher invent-a-new-dance-for-every-RBI-groundout fun. I mean fun to watch as a fan. Have you ever seen a more lethargic, boring team? A sad realization hit me yesterday. Heading into the top of the 5th inning the TV flashed "Due up for the Sox: Konkero, Thome, Dye," and I shuttered. Three great men, great hitters, and it dawned on me that for some reason I have no enthusiasm about them coming up to the plate to start an inning.
As for yesterday's game,there's no point in getting angry with Jose Contreras for being terrible again. He's battled hard for the White Sox for 5 years, but there's just nothing left in the tank anymore. What can you expect from him? But to scratch out only one hit off Sergio Mitre? Wow.
Ozzie's post-game rant might by the Sox a win today, but what difference is it going to make? Nobody will be benched, fired or traded. This is your 2009 Chicago White Sox, love 'em or hate 'em.
One sidenote: I don't know what to make of Jayson Nix's defense. Everything you read says this guy has the glove of Roberto Alomar. Yet he continues to be massively unimpressive in the field. Fielding errors, throwing errors, mental errors... the only thing I've seen him do well on a consistent basis is turn the double play- there's no doubt he's a pro at that. But, considering his reputation, I expected better overall D out of the guy, even as a rookie.


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I have serious working mom guilt and feel like I'm not spending quality time with our baby. I usually work from home three days a week, but lately I have to be in the office three days a week, so I'm only home with Genevieve two days. I know, I'm fortunate enough to even be home those days, but it's a big change.
Our weekends are getting super hectic. When you have things to do, people to see, events to attend, etc. you're not getting that important one-on-one playtime with your baby. She's just coming along for the adventures and having fun. We're super lucky that she is so well-behaved at restaurants and is friendly with new people. However, at parties, etc. friends and family want to see her. And there goes the mommy time I so yearn for all week long with my social butterfly.
When I get home at night from work, Baby G is ready for dinner, her bath and a bottle. She sometimes gets cranky and just wants to cuddle, which of course I love. But I want to see her laugh every day. I want to cuddle her when she falls asleep for her afternoon nap. It hurts my heart when I go shopping on my lunch break and see other moms out and about with their kids. I get so jealous. But then I realize it's great that I am getting alone time shopping!
This past weekend was particularly busy for our family, so I took a vacation day on Monday just to stay home and be alone with Baby G. It was so nice. She actually slept in later than usual. We played. We sat outside in the yard and watched the dogs run around. I fed her all her meals. I chose what flavor baby food she got to eat and what outfit she wore. I was a true stay at home mom for the day. I think I'll be using more days just for mommy-daughter days.
I know that by working, I am helping to provide a better future for my daughter. I'm lucky that my mom watches her while I'm at work. But I can't help but feel sad when my mom calls me for something and then tells me to talk to Baby G on the phone, and I hear her little voice babbling away.
I know my fellow working moms can relate!


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Losing isn't fun
11/07/2018 11/07/2018 by An Coppens
I debated long and hard whether to write this post or not, but decided to go ahead. If you know me personally, then you know I am originally from Belgium (Antwerp to be precise) and that I support the Belgian football team. Hence, losing isn't fun as the title for this post, because unless you live under a rock or in a country where football or soccer isn't watched, then you would have noticed the world cup being played. Belgium lost in the semi-final to big neighbour France.
For a small country with only 11 million people, pulling together a team of people with the skills to be at the top of their game is no mean feat. For a while, this group of players has been tipped to be the golden generation, yet in all previous world and European cups, they didn't gel as a team. This time under new leadership, they seemed to come together and had a stronger belief in themselves. As a side-effect, a whole nation of supporters started to believe in the chances of actually winning the world cup.
Personally, I was hoping they could too. For the biggest reason that it would for once and for all put to bed that Belgians don't have a killer instinct and can actually win. I feel strongly that it is something that could change a lot for a nation, aside from just sports.
Losing hurts
In top sports, winning and losing are part of the game. Losing will still hurt, it is disappointing and brings out a whole range of emotions. Just looking at the players at the end of the game, you could read from their body language that it was not what they worked hard for. It will take grit to recover and show up in the best form to play for a third place.
In our work in gamification, we often work on gamification and game designs and clearly set win conditions. At the end of the day, every game needs win-conditions. What is often overlooked is how to handle the losers journey.
Losing isn't fun and the question in a work setting is often, should it be that way? In sports tournaments like in the world cup, really the winner takes it all, whereas, in events like the Olympics, the first three still receive credit and fourth place is considered the loser spot. I personally don't think losing should be fun, if the aim of the game is to win.
Mentally, winners gain confidence and losers may have theirs knocked, it will take grit and practising to break through to a win. In business, if competition is core to how you structure work performance and recognition, it will also be important to build up people's resilience and mental ability to deal with losing.
Practise winning to learn about losing
By building in practising to win and the understanding that it will take effort as well as losing to make it needs to be part of the design. Accepting second, third or minute improvements as good enough is not the same as practising to win. It is practising to improve. Improvement and measuring improvement is an important part of building confidence and as well as tracking to see if your effort is achieving something, but ultimately it is winning that will be teaching the true feeling.
By allowing players to experience the feeling of winning, you also instil a spirit that losing can't be that good a feeling. When one team wins and another loses, the rhetoric and gracefulness of both sides is something that organisations can control. I like how in the game of rugby, the winners line up to applaud the losing team going to the dressing rooms and then the favour is returned by the losers. In the end, both sides recognise it was a game hard fought on the field. Soccer has a lot to learn in that and business too.
How to pick back up after a loss
Imagine you worked your heart out to make it to the top of the sales leader-board but someone still beats you to the top spot and wins the prize you really aimed for. A quick reset isn't always the best way forward. In fact, allow yourself to experience the negative emotion and use it to feed your motivation. When it comes to developing inner motivation, a vast amount of society is driven by negative or avoidance motivation. It serves a purpose, hence we can use it to our advantage in the next quarter.
Examine what you did and failed to do that caused the loss as well as explore what the opposition did to win the end-game. In the world cup game, effectively one team scored and the other failed to do it. There were errors made in several positions and some players just froze. I would work with those players on breaking through similar situations, simulating them, role-playing them over and over in practice. So that when they face the situation again in real life, they know how to deal with it.
Some errors were forced out by the other team, again it is something you can work on and improve over time. Others were mental mistakes, because of panic, loss of belief and frustration. The mental game is also something I would recommend practising on, just as much as the skill to play the actual game. You shouldn't set the bar lower, just because you lost one game, one quarter or didn't master something the first time. All things worth winning take practice and losing to get to the top.
Creating lifelike conditions in training is how people are trained in emergency response and military units. We often see this very element missing when it comes to jobs in management, sales, customer service and operations. A lot of people wanting to perform at a top level turn to games and simulations to practise their skill in a safe environment so they can test out different strategies. I believe practising at all levels such as skills, mental game, tactical and strategic responses, etc. will be the game changer that makes the difference between winning and losing.
Passion and the motivation to win and keep implementing what you trained for when on the field, will ultimately create the win. Execution comes from the willingness to try and to keep going no matter what. It comes from discipline and sometimes being patient with your emotion so you can coherently finish the game.
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Tramlijn 4 van de tram van Lyon is een tramlijn in de agglomeratie van Lyon. Hij loopt van  la place Mendès-France naar Hôpital Feyzin.

Geschiedenis
Sinds 2000 werden er plannen gemaakt voor een tramlijn tussen la place Mendès France via Lyon-Minguettes naar Vénissieux. De plannen werden op 31 januari 2002 in het vervoersplan voor de stad. In december 2004 werd de bouw aanbesteed, en in juli werd de déclaration d'utilité publique verleend, waarna er gebouwd kon worden. De eerste werkzaamheden begonnen in september 2006 met de (her-) aanleg van bekabeling. In april 2007 begonnen de werkzaamheden aan de spoorbedding, en in juli van dat jaar werd het eerste spoor aangelegd. Het laatste spoor werd aangelegd in juni 2008. Vanaf oktober dat jaar werden de bovenleiding en de perrons aangelegd. De eerste testritten waren in januari 2009, de eerste fase werd op 20 april 2009 in dienst gesteld tussen de Jet d'Eau en Ziekenhuis Feyzin - Venissieux. De kosten van deze 10 km lange lijn worden ruwweg geschat op 185,3 miljoen euro.

In september 2013 is de verlengd tot La Doua G. Berger en in de spits tot het eindpunt van tramlijn 1, IUT - Feyssine. Tot Thiers Lafayette waar de lijn samenkomt met tramlijn 1 heeft ie een eigen traject langs de oostingang van station Lyon-Part-Dieu. Zowel tramlijn 1, 3 en Rhônexpress hebben daar hun eigen perrons.

Exploitatie
De trams rijden van vijf uur 's ochtends en 1 uur 's nachts. In de spits rijden elke 7 minuten trams, anders is dat elke vijftien minuten.

Materieel

De lijn wordt geëxploiteerd door Citadis 302 trams van de Franse fabrikant Alstom. Technische informatie:
Lengte: 32.416 m
Breedte: 2,4 m
Vloerhoogte boven de rail: 350 mm
Leeg gewicht: 38,4 t
Massa in een normale belasting: 52,48 t
Aantal gemotoriseerde draaistellen: 2
Voeding: 750 V =
Capaciteit: 272 personen (56 zitplaatsen)
Maximale snelheid: 70 km/h
Gemiddelde afgelegde afstand per jaar: 60 000 km

De trams hebben een lage vloer, wat gemakkelijk is voor lichamelijk gehandicapten. Ook is er airconditioning.

Tram van Lyon


Last year, The Buttery joined 20,000 social enterprises in this country, in the roll out of its Buttery Private venture, a fee-paying wellbeing program which uses The Buttery's evidence-based community therapy model.
After its successful first intake last year, The Buttery Private welcomed its first participants for 2018 on January 2018.
The Buttery Private, it ensures The Buttery charity remains sustainable by generating surplus funds for its free drug, alcohol, mental health and gambling programs.
With its longstanding reputation as a leader in therapeutic community model of drug and alcohol treatment, The Buttery is well placed as a pioneer in this bourgeoning social entrepreneurial space.
The Buttery Private is an early intervention for those who could benefit from taking time out to address issues, including stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and substance misuse in an idyllic setting.
It is a four-week residential program, followed by a three-month non-residential follow-up. The wellbeing program — which treats everything from depression to smartphone addiction, uses The Buttery's tried-and-true, evidence-based therapeutic community model for the best possible results.
The Buttery Private call 1300 851 695 or www.butteryprivate.org.au.


Witnesses to the collision said one car turned in front of the other.
There were no injuries in the incident, which involved two passenger vehicles.
A woman said she witnessed the collision will sinking a sign post nearby and said one of the cars was turning and the other was going straight when the accident occurred. Her statement was indefinite as to the direction of the vehicles at the time they collided.
The Perry Police Departmand and Perry First Responders responded to the incident.
ThePerryNews.com will update this story as infirmation becomes available.


I figured you guys might be tired of listening to me...so I had Strength Coach Zach Even-Esh put together a message for today...he talks about the principles for building muscle in a short amount of time.
are unable to do on a regular basis.
"time under tension" which speeds muscle growth.
pull up variations and hand walking.
and worked hard as all heck on them!
and then call it a day!
CB: I'll be back tomorrow with tips for eating and exercising while on vacation...hopefully you have one of those coming up soon!


The University of Manchester formed from the merger of Victoria University of Manchester and UMIST, in 2004, to create the largest single-site university in the UK.
Our origins date to 1824, as a centre of Technology, Art and Design from Manchester Mechanics' Institution, and with the Manchester School of Design in 1838.
The Manchester School of Architecture (MSA) was formed in 1996 with the merger of the architecture departments of the University of Manchester and Manchester Metropolitan University.
Middlesex University is a university in Hendon, north west London, England. It is located within the historic county boundaries of Middlesex from which it takes its name.


Although not hugely old this vintage table is of stunning quality and follows the design of McWilliams & Gibson with very thick reeded edge top of very busy figured timbers and standing on substantial step carved sabre leg bases. Very solid indeed and unusually wide for a pedestal table. Impressive piece for seating up to 22 people very comfortably. Measures 192" long x 60" wide.