Three important summer school are up for next year, so I thought I might mention them here, in the order of their approaching deadlines. I've taken park in previous editions of the first two, and I couldn't recommend them more warmly.
Here are more details for the first and the third, which arrived via emails with no link attached.
The Papyrology Collection of the University of Michigan Library will host a two-week seminar in papyrus conservation from Monday, June 11 to Friday, June 22, 2018 directed by Conservation Librarian/Conservator Marieka Kaye.
Participants will receive an in-depth, hands-on introduction to papyrus conservation. They will learn about the tools and materials used in papyrus conservation as well as the theory and methodology behind current conservation techniques. They will then utilize these techniques to perform a range of treatment on papyri from the University of Michigan's Collection, including written documentation, digital photo-documentation, mechanical cleaning, damp treatments, reduction of folds, alignment of fibers, alignment of fragments, and methods of housing and storage.
Due to space constraints, the number of participants is strictly limited to six. Preference will be given to scholars and conservators who are directly involved with papyrus conservation, whether in papyrus collections or archaeological excavations.
There is no course fee for the seminar which is supported by the University of Michigan Papyrology Collection; participants are responsible for their own travel, lodging and meals. All required tools will be provided for use during the seminar and participants will have the option of purchasing them at cost at the conclusion of the seminar. All participants are required to offer a presentation on their home institution's papyrus conservation issues, experiences, and concerns. A certificate of participation will be provided at the end of the seminar.
The Instructor: Marieka Kaye has served as a conservator of books, paper, and papyrus at the University of Michigan since 2013, where she studied papyrus conservation with Leyla Lau-Lamb. She comes to the University of Michigan after serving as a book and paper conservator for 8 years at the Huntington Library in San Marino, CA. She received a Masters degree and Certificate of Advanced Study in Art Conservation from Buffalo State College and a Masters of Library and Information Science from San Jose State University. Marieka began to work in the field of library conservation as a Preservation Assistant at Brandeis University in 1998. She went on to work as Library Preservation Assistant at the Brooklyn Museum of Art and Conservation Assistant for Exhibitions and Loans at the New-York Historical Society. She also completed advanced internships at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City Municipal Archives, Syracuse University, Etherington Conservation Services, and the University of California Los Angeles.
Deadline for applications is 1 November 2017. | Received through the Digest for PapyrusConservation.
The sixth summer school in Coptic Papyrology will be held in Paris from the 3rd to 11th of July 2018. It follows the summer schools held in Vienna 2006, Leipzig 2008, Strasbourg 2010, Heidelberg 2012, and Barcelona 2014. The event will be organised by Anne Boud'hors (IRHT/CNRS) et Alain Delattre (Université libre de Bruxelles/EPHE) around the collection of the Papyrological Institute of the Sorbonne (www.papyrologie.paris-sorbonne.fr). The Collège de France, the Laboratoire d'excellence Religions et sociétés dans le monde méditerranéen (Labex Resmed) and the Association francophone de coptologie (AFC) are also taking part in the organization and funding of this event.
Students from fields such as Coptology, Egyptology, Papyrology, Classics, religious studies, Ancient History, Arabic studies, or Byzantine studies are invited to participate, provided they have acquired a solid knowledge of Coptic.
Unlike previous summer schools, this one will only concern documentary Coptic papyri (letters, legal documents, accounts, etc.), and possibly some ostraca. Students will have the opportunity to work on an unpublished original papyrus and will have the possibility to publish it in a collective volume.
A fee of € 400,- will include participation in all classes and activities, as well as accommodation in a nearby residence hall, daily breakfast and lunch.
The number of places is restricted to 15.
1. The applicant's curriculum vitae.
3. One letter of reference.
The deadline for applications is 15 March 2018. Applicants will be informed whether they have been successful at the beginning of April 2018.
Classes will be taught by papyrologists specialized in palaeography and the decipherment of non-literary hands as well as on relationships between documents and other textual or archaeological evidence. For practical exercise, each student will be given an unpublished document to work on, in the prospect of presenting it at the end of the session and publishing it in a collective volume, as in CPR XXXI or P.Stras.Copt.
Main instructors of the summer school will be María Jesús Albarrán (Barcelone/Madrid), Lajos Berkes (Berlin), Anne Boud'hors (Paris), Alain Delattre (Bruxelles), Esther Garel (Vienne), T. Sebastian Richter (Berlin), and Gesa Schenke (Oxford). Speakers will also include James Cowey (Heidelberg), Jean-Luc Fournet (Paris), Loreleï Vanderheyden (Paris), and Naïm Vanthieghem (Bruxelles/Paris).
Classes will be taught in English. | Received through PAPY Digest.


text:
Name Index Robert Newton TROXEL was born in 1872. He died in 1920 at the age of 48. He was buried in Old Scotland Cemetery, Daviess, Missouri. Parents: Ira Daniel TROXEL and Mary Angeline THOMAS.
Rolla A. TROXEL was born in October 1879 in Daviess Co., Missouri. Parents: James Alexander TROXEL and Lydia Jane TERRY.
Spouse: Ina Mae BURGE. Ina Mae BURGE and Rolla A. TROXEL were married on 11 October 1905 in Jackson Twp., Daviess, Missouri. The groom was of Sayre, Oklahoma, the bride of Jackson Twp. They were married at the residence of George Burge.
Rose Marie TROXEL was born (date unknown). Parents: James Furman TROXEL and Velma Irene RIDLEN.
Spouse: WILLIAMS. Rose Marie TROXEL and WILLIAMS were married.
Rose May TROXEL was born on 20 October 1892 in Daviess Co., Missouri. She died on 2 June 1915 at the age of 22 in Farragut, Freemont, Iowa. She was buried in Farragut, Freemont, Iowa. Parents: Ira Daniel TROXEL and Mary Angeline THOMAS.
Roy E. TROXEL was born on 29 April 1887 in Missouri. He was a rural mail carrier out of Jameson in 1917. Parents: Martin Alexander TROXEL and Mary Hannah STRETCH.
Spouse: Bessie M. WALLS. Bessie M. WALLS and Roy E. TROXEL were married on 27 August 1922 in Cameron, Clinton, Missouri. The groom was of Gallatin, the bride of Cameron. Children were: Ramona M. TROXEL.
Ruby TROXEL was born (date unknown). Parents: William Daniel TROXEL and Ida Lavina HAMPTON.
Russell TROXEL was born in 1919 in Benton Twp., Daviess, Missouri. Parents: Herbert "Bert" TROXEL and Maude E. SCOTT.
Ruth Elizabeth TROXEL was born about 1862 in Daviess Co., Missouri. Parents: Daniel T. TROXEL and Rebecca Emeline SCOTT.
Spouse: Nicodemus D. WRIGHT. Ruth Elizabeth TROXEL and Nicodemus D. WRIGHT were married on 2 June 1878 in Daviess Co., Missouri.
Ruth J. TROXEL was born in 1904 in Missouri. She lived in Lincoln, Nebraska. Parents: John Sylvester TROXEL and Phoebe Jane STRETCH.
Sarah I. TROXEL was born (date unknown).
Spouse: Isaac K. BERRY. Sarah I. TROXEL and Isaac K. BERRY were married. Children were: Phebe A. BERRY.
Sarah Jane "Sally" TROXEL was born on 8 October 1881 in Daviess Co., Missouri. She died on 15 May 1942 at the age of 60 in Grand River Twp., Daviess, Missouri. She died at home, about eight miles north of Gallatin. She was buried on 17 May 1942 in Scotland Cemetery, Daviess, Missouri. She was a boarder in the home of John Carter Worley in 1900. Parents: Ira William TROXEL and Martha Melvina TERRY.
Spouse: Hartford B. WORLEY. Sarah Jane "Sally" TROXEL and Hartford B. WORLEY were married on 7 June 1901 in Daviess Co., Missouri. Bride and groom were of Grand River Twp. They were married at the residence of William Troxel in Daviess Co. Children were: Jasper WORLEY, Ida E. WORLEY, Geneva B. WORLEY, Oren WORLEY, Wilma J. WORLEY, Sarah Willeta WORLEY, Alpha A. WORLEY, Paul E. WORLEY, Hartford B. WORLEY Jr..
Scott A. TROXEL was born in 1893 in Missouri. Parents: John Sylvester TROXEL and Phoebe Jane STRETCH.
son TROXEL was born in 1906. He died in 1906 at the age of 0. Parents: Martin Alexander TROXEL and Mary Hannah STRETCH.
Thomas Adam "Ad" TROXEL was born on 20 August 1879 in Daviess Co., Missouri. He died on 8 August 1955 at the age of 75 in Cameron, Clinton, Missouri. He was buried on 10 August 1955 in Scotland Cemetery, Daviess, Missouri. Parents: Ira William TROXEL and Martha Melvina TERRY.
Spouse: Cordia Estella SCOTT. Cordia Estella SCOTT and Thomas Adam "Ad" TROXEL were married about 1901. Children were: Furman TROXEL, Hugh Franklin TROXEL, Erma Frances TROXEL.
Thomas C. TROXEL was born about 1917 in Missouri. He farmed near Jameson in 1920. Parents: Thomas Presley TROXEL and Lura Ann B. ERICKSON.
Thomas Presley TROXEL was born on 14 February 1877 in Daviess Co., Missouri. He died on 24 May 1951 at the age of 74 in Gallatin, Daviess, Missouri. He was buried on 27 May 1951 in Scotland Cemetery, Daviess, Missouri. Parents: John A. TROXEL and Matilda Caroline THOMAS.
Spouse: Susan Matilda ERICKSON. Susan Matilda ERICKSON and Thomas Presley TROXEL were married on 20 October 1897 in Daviess Co., Missouri. Children were: Anna Corrine TROXEL.
Spouse: Lura Ann B. ERICKSON. Lura Ann B. ERICKSON and Thomas Presley TROXEL were married on 16 December 1902 in Gallatin, Daviess, Missouri. Bride and groom were of Lincoln Twp., Daviess Co. Children were: Lois M. TROXEL, Leland A. TROXEL, Lawrence H. TROXEL, Alpha TROXEL, Thomas C. TROXEL, Ralph TROXEL.
Spouse: Susie Mae BROWN. Susie Mae BROWN and Thomas Presley TROXEL were married on 18 March 1948 in Gallatin, Daviess, Missouri. Bride and groom were of Gallatin.
Truman TROXEL was born (date unknown). Parents: William Daniel TROXEL and Ida Lavina HAMPTON.
Viola TROXEL was born about 1913 in Missouri. Parents: William Alexander TROXEL and Lydia Ann MCCOY.
Walter TROXEL was born (date unknown). Parents: William Daniel TROXEL and Ida Lavina HAMPTON.
Ward TROXEL was born (date unknown). Parents: William Daniel TROXEL and Ida Lavina HAMPTON.
Ward Allen TROXEL was born on 1 November 1889 in Jameson, Daviess, Missouri. He was in Grand Junction, Colorado in 1917. Parents: Martin Alexander TROXEL and Mary Hannah STRETCH.
Spouse: Alpha MOONEY. Alpha MOONEY and Ward Allen TROXEL were married on 29 October 1911 in Gallatin, Daviess, Missouri. The groom was of Grand River Twp., the bride of Jameson. Children were: Allen Maurice TROXEL.
Wilbert H. TROXEL was born about 1913 in Missouri. Parents: Herbert "Bert" TROXEL and Maude E. SCOTT.
Willard N. TROXEL was born on 25 April 1903 in Daviess Co., Missouri. Parents: Martin Alexander TROXEL and Mary Hannah STRETCH.
Spouse: Vanetta HUGHES. Vanetta HUGHES and Willard N. TROXEL were married.
Spouse: Florence CORDES. Florence CORDES and Willard N. TROXEL were married.
William TROXEL was born in 1875. He died before 1880 at the age of 5. Parents: James Alexander TROXEL and Lydia Jane TERRY.
William Alexander TROXEL was born on 8 October 1881 in Daviess Co., Missouri. He died on 1 June 1961 at the age of 79. Parents: Ira William TROXEL and Martha Melvina TERRY.
Spouse: Lydia Ann MCCOY. Lydia Ann MCCOY and William Alexander TROXEL were married on 24 September 1902 in Washington Twp., Daviess Co., Missouri. The bride was of Washington Twp., the groom of Grand River Twp., both in Daviess Co. Mr. Ira W. Troxel, father of William, gives consent. Children were: Frankie Ellen TROXEL, Viola TROXEL.
William Daniel TROXEL was born on 29 March 1872 in Daviess Co., Missouri. He died in Nebraska. Parents: Martin Alexander TROXEL and Lydia E. BROWN.
Spouse: Ida Lavina HAMPTON. Ida Lavina HAMPTON and William Daniel TROXEL were married on 11 October 1892 in Daviess Co., Missouri. Children were: Ray TROXEL, Ward TROXEL, Lillie TROXEL, Lucy TROXEL, Walter TROXEL, Truman TROXEL, Nick TROXEL, Gale TROXEL, Ruby TROXEL, Gladys TROXEL, Lyle TROXEL.
D. Earl TROXELL was born (date unknown).
Spouse: Sarah YOUTSEY. Sarah YOUTSEY and D. Earl TROXELL were married.
Nancy TROXELL was born about 1835 in Kentucky.
Spouse: Thomas HARLOW. Nancy TROXELL and Thomas HARLOW were married. Children were: Garret D. HARLOW, Elizabeth M. HARLOW, Mary E. HARLOW, Lucretia HARLOW, Richard B. HARLOW, Flinny HARLOW.
Bess TROY was born (date unknown).
Spouse: Robert T. OSBORN. Bess TROY and Robert T. OSBORN were married.
Charles TROY was born (date unknown).
Spouse: Lillian H. SEITTER. Lillian H. SEITTER and Charles TROY were married.
Elizabeth TRUAX was born in 1657.
Spouse: James STOUT. Elizabeth TRUAX and James STOUT were married. Children were: James STOUT.
Katherine TRUE was born in Connecticut.
Spouse: S. H. MCINTOSH. Katherine TRUE and S. H. MCINTOSH were married. Children were: George True MCINTOSH.
Thankful TRUE was born (date unknown).
Spouse: Joseph LEIGH. Thankful TRUE and Joseph LEIGH were married. Children were: Ichabod LEIGH.
TRUEBLOOD was born (date unknown).
Spouse: Leona NIEHAUS. Leona NIEHAUS and TRUEBLOOD were married.
Spouse: Leona Fern NIEHAUS. Leona Fern NIEHAUS and TRUEBLOOD were married.
TRUESDALE was born (date unknown).
Spouse: Mildred Fae CORBIN. Mildred Fae CORBIN and TRUESDALE were married.
Beth TRUESDALE was born (date unknown). Parents: Carroll Lafever TRUESDALE and Betty Ann WIMMER.
Carroll Lafever TRUESDALE was born (date unknown). Parents: Walter TRUESDALE and Madis Mae "Maddie" LAFEVER.
Spouse: Betty Ann WIMMER. Betty Ann WIMMER and Carroll Lafever TRUESDALE were married on 4 December 1955 in Chillicothe, Livingston, Missouri. Bride and groom were of Chillicothe. Children were: Beth TRUESDALE, Steve TRUESDALE, Dan TRUESDALE.
Charles TRUESDALE was born (date unknown). Parents: Walter TRUESDALE and Madis Mae "Maddie" LAFEVER.
Clarence W. TRUESDALE was born about 1910 in Mendon, Adams, Illinois. He died on 4 September 1985 at the age of 75 in Clinton, Henry, Missouri. He was buried on 7 September 1985 in Warrensburg, Johnson, Missouri. Parents: Walter TRUESDALE and Keturah CARLIN.
Spouse: Mary . Mary and Clarence W. TRUESDALE were married.
Dan TRUESDALE was born (date unknown). Parents: Carroll Lafever TRUESDALE and Betty Ann WIMMER.
Hazel TRUESDALE was born (date unknown). Parents: Walter TRUESDALE and Madis Mae "Maddie" LAFEVER.
Spouse: JACKSON. Hazel TRUESDALE and JACKSON were married.
John TRUESDALE died before 1987. Parents: John E. TRUESDALE and Grace BUSH.
John E. TRUESDALE was born on 3 November 1911 in Mendon, Chariton, Missouri. He died on 10 March 1987 at the age of 75 in Newton, Harvey, Kansas. He was buried in Newton, Harvey, Kansas. Burial was in the Greenwood Cemetery. He served in the Navy in World War II. Parents: Walter TRUESDALE and Keturah CARLIN.
Spouse: Grace BUSH. Grace BUSH and John E. TRUESDALE were married on 3 June 1939 in Linneus, Linn, Missouri. Children were: Sandra TRUESDALE, Mary J. TRUESDALE, John TRUESDALE.
Mary J. TRUESDALE was born (date unknown). Parents: John E. TRUESDALE and Grace BUSH.
Ronald TRUESDALE was born (date unknown). Parents: Walter TRUESDALE and Keturah CARLIN.
Sandra TRUESDALE was born (date unknown). Parents: John E. TRUESDALE and Grace BUSH.
Steve TRUESDALE was born (date unknown). Parents: Carroll Lafever TRUESDALE and Betty Ann WIMMER.
Walter TRUESDALE was born about 1885 in Illinois.
Spouse: Madis Mae "Maddie" LAFEVER. Madis Mae "Maddie" LAFEVER and Walter TRUESDALE were married. Children were: Charles TRUESDALE, Carroll Lafever TRUESDALE, Hazel TRUESDALE.
Spouse: Keturah CARLIN. Keturah CARLIN and Walter TRUESDALE were married. Children were: Clarence W. TRUESDALE, Ronald TRUESDALE, John E. TRUESDALE.
Albert TRUITT was born about 1876 in Missouri. Parents: Eli TRUITT and Martha RUNION.
Amanda TRUITT was born in 1838 in Missouri.
Spouse: Soloman J. "Sol" O'DELL. Amanda TRUITT and Soloman J. "Sol" O'DELL were married on 31 October 1888 in Caldwell Co., Missouri. They were divorced in Caldwell Co., Missouri.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
International Schools in Tehran: Italian School (Pietro Della Valle)
Italian School Tehran
Schools & LearningParents & Children
Pietro Della Valle
By LivinginTehran1	 Last updated Feb 10, 2018
Are you moving to Tehran with kids? Which international schools are there in the city? Living in Tehran can guide you in the right direction and give you tips according to your living accommodation in the town.
Pietro Della Valle Teheran
Pietro Della Valle accepts children from kindergarten to high school level. It is one the oldest established embassy schools in Tehran, being open for more than four decades. The Italian school is classed as a mixed school from kindergarten upwards.
The school is affiliated with the Italian Embassy in downtown Tehran, but the school itself is built on the grounds of the Italian embassy gardens in the Farmanieh area of the city.
Pietro Della Valle is built in three sections with nursery and kindergarten in one section, while the middle and high school are situated in the two larger buildings. The school comes equipped with an indoor gymnasium as well as an outdoor playground.
The school teaches primarily in Italian but with lessons in French and English also. The Italian language courses follow the framework of the Common European Framework for Languages (CEFR), a descriptive system used to evaluate the skills obtained by European language learners.
If you're interested in this school, why not check all the other foreign schools in Tehran.
According to the school's website, these are the present fees for the ongoing academic year. For the latest prices, please contact the school authorities.
Each year, the fees can be paid in two ways an advance payment of the entire amount by 15 September of that year with a 10% discount, or each semester in three intervals.
The school also states it offers family discounts of 25% on the second child and 30% on the third child enrolled with Pietro Della Valle.
Enrollment Fee
(including cafeteria service) Textbooks Additional Fees
KINDERGARTEN 200 € new registration
100 € internal enrollment 3500 € —
PRIMARY 200 € new registration
100 € internal enrollment 4200 € 100 €
MIDDLE SCHOOL 200 € new registration
HIGH SCHOOL 200 € new registration
Registration and Admission
Like many foreign schools, admission is only accessible to people who hold foreign passports. Iranian passport holders will not be given access to the school after kindergarten in most cases.
47 Lavassani Avenue (Farmanieh)
Tel: +98 21 22 28 65 02
Fax: 98 21 22 28 65 01
Email:info@scuolaitanianatehran.com
Website: www.scuolaitanianatehran.com
International School TehranItalian Embassy
Shirin Gallery: Opposite Balance, Muriel Rodolosse
40th Anniversary of the Carpet Museum of Iran


text: Q: Are there references on solving a system of first order nonlinear odes? I would like to learn about what kinds of systems of first order nonlinear odes may have exact solutions, while trying to solve my previous question (which is a system of nonlinear, separable and autonomous odes). Are there some references? Thanks!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Super Heroes - 3:12, 143 kbps MP3, 3.3 MB (8.6 MB lossless FLAC also available). Bill Miller and Abigale Haness. From "Activate the transit crystal" through narrator speech ("And crawling on the planet's face"). Contributed by Justin "Muzzle" Carpenter.
Super Heroes - 3:05, 256 kbps MP3, 5.7 MB. Contributed by Jochen B.
Los Superheroes - 1:17, 256 kbps MP3, 2.4 MB. Contributed by James Norman.
Super Heroes - 2:15, 291 kbps MP3, 4.7 MB (14.5 MB lossless FLAC also available). Taken from DIME.
Super Heroes - 4:53, 256 kbps MP3, 8.9 MB. Contributed by Jochen B.
Super Heroes - 2:07, 192 kbps MP3, 2.9 MB. Contributed by James Norman.
Supersankarit (Super Heroes) - 3:17, 236 kbps MP3, 5.6 MB (20.2 MB lossless FLAC also available). "Frank-N-Furter has just left the building."
Super Heroes - 2:53, 128 kbps MP3, 2.7 MB. Provided by Filthy Little Angels.
Superheroes - 2:27, 237 kbps MP3, 4.1 MB (12.8 MB lossless FLAC also available). "Kill the sound engineer!". Apparently the audience was also unhappy with the sound system. Richard sang this immediately following the Rocky Horror Picture Show screening, since it was a non-Superheroes print. Taken from DIME.
Return to Transexual / Super Heroes - 6:07, 224 kbps MP3, 9.8 MB. Contributed by Jochen B.
Super Heroes - 9:53, 148 kbps MP3, 10.5 MB (40.7 MB lossless FLAC also available). "I love you! I need you! I miss you!" This track includes a long monologue (primarily in Japanese) spanning over five minutes, before the actual song even starts.
Super Heroes - 4:11, 160 kbps MP3, 4.8 MB. Contributed by Justin "Muzzle" Carpenter.


My daughter and I ventured out to do Black Friday shopping at 11 pm and finished at 4 am!
We gave new meaning to shop til you drop, armed with flyers and lists and good attitudes!
We had minimal lines, shockingly, if any at all, hit all our stores and even snuck in a 4:30 am breakfast at Denny's ... Good times!!
So, what's my card all about!
group on SCS that I created after yearning to meet other christian crafters.
And I'd like to give a great big welcome to the new members of the COF ..
Our hostess this month is Darlene!
"People were bringing little children to him in order that he might touch them; and the disciples spoke sternly to them. 14 But when Jesus saw this, he was indignant and said to them, "Let the little children come to me; do not stop them; for it is to such as these that the kingdom of God belongs. 15 Truly I tell you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God as a little child will never enter it." 16 And he took them up in his arms, laid his hands on them, and blessed them."
I have always loved the image that this brings to mind. The culture of the day was such that children were valued even less than women were, so once again, Jesus is teaching that he came for the least ones in society. My biggest pleasure in teaching Sunday School is always experiencing God's love and grace through the accepting eyes of children.
So, with that in mind, look through your treasure trove. What do you have that shows the innocence of childhood? The pleasure in simple things? The wonder of nature? The pure fun of our world? What speaks to that child-like spirit that you remember from your childhood? Try to create something that takes you back to your childish, unquestioning, innocent faith in God. Create a little bit of heaven on paper!
Thank you for your theme, D!
Be sure to stop in and see what the rest of the COF gals have made ... You can find them in my sidebar.
Big hugs, a Bigger Blessings!
which means the Calendar Girls post the cards we make with a chosen theme!
And you know I have to decorate the insides of my cards!
So I used another Riley and Co stamp which I just love!!
And of course, see what the Calendar Girls have made.
You can find their blogs in my sidebar!
Happy wishes to all, today!
which was wonderful for some crafty Cabana time!
think this cute little mitten freebie is just adorable!
And decorated the inside for future note writing.
I'll enter this to the Newton's Nook Challenge this week.
the globe starting with Julia's blog!
of it, including getting crafty!
And guess what I did ... crafted outside!
I had my temporary table going into the shed and thought ..
The doggies love being outdoors with me ...let's color!
I went with a non traditional holiday card this week ..
It's a Mystery - revealed!
Today's post is a crazy, fun post!
image from Mashi's Muffins called "Mrs. Claus."
bit of Wink of Stella, silver.
Thanks for stopping by today and oh!
Dueling Darlings .. One for the guys!
Here's my first attempt at posting from the iPad!
asked us to create a card with the theme: masculine.
with an extra twist: stamp of your choice on the tag!
'spell-check' from The Alley Way Stamps.
For my card, I followed the sketch at Retro Sketches.
but stop on by - they are quite inspirational!
regarding the men in our lives.
'being in charge of' the turkey.
but dad was in charge of carving it.
Which was fine, except the one year he left it on the table.
Oh it was such a NOT pretty scene!
but the dogs were happy as can be!
to see what they created with the guys in mind!
new stamp release when I first saw it.
I'd talk to a tree stump!
I'll say hello and ask you how are.
I say thank you and have a blessed day!
but to share with others as well.
it's brought to us by Joy.
Her challenge is to use sentiments on your cards.
I'll enter this to their challenge.
please include the keyword Riley2313.
and Tuesday Throwdown - Gratitude.
and lots and lots of friends!
and the TAWS inspiration photo.
to create my card today.
and the TAWS Be Inspired Challenge #41.
Bashful Blue: Sentiment and Image: The Alley Way Stamps "It's Fall About You"
Growing up in the military, this holiday always stands out special in my heart. My dad retired after 25 years of active duty service and my brother is still serving :) I spend quiet moments thanking all of our soldiers for their galiant and brave services to our country, and I'll be spending a sad moment visiting the military cemetery where dad is buried.
To all the soldiers and families in the military, I salute you!
Now back to enjoying Friday, how about a Friday Funny!
I just love Stella from Bugaboo - she is so sassy!
Sistehood of the Traveling Cards} card group, created over at SCS.
For September and October--due on Halloween, October 31st--we are not making Halloween or Fall Cards this year--but birthday cards! YUP--my birthday is in October and it is a pretty big one this year. So--I am asking everyone to make a humorous birthday card for the swap. It can have some of those comical "older images" or a funny saying-image or you can use some hilarious background paper--you get the idea. Funny, sarcastic, witty, anything that makes you laugh out loud when you see it!
We all have friends and/or relatives who appreciate a card that makes them belly laugh when they see the card or read what is inside. Bring on the laughs and maybe tears if laughing too hard--let's Celebrate With Laughter!
I grabbed my Stella birthday image and got to work!
annual Red, white and blue swap that she holds - woot!
with it - hopefully the swappers will forgive me this time - eeek!
Thanks for stopping by today ~ I wish you well!
Cardstock: PTI Red and white: and SU Not quite Navy: DSP from SU!
land of the forever sunshine and bright blue oceans!
using the Newton's Nook stamps which are so whimsical and fun.
it came from - isn't it cute!
and decided to give it a try! Since we celebrate a rather Tropical Christmas here in South Florida, I thought this stamp set was just the CUTEST!
release blog hop - thank you, Newton's Nook!
Btw, if you haven't met Newton .. take a peek!
Here is my card, using my VERY favorite color combo ever!
And you know me, I have to decorate the inside of my cards, too!
Thanks for stopping by and I "shell" "sea" you soon!
Happy SONday!! I hope your day is filled with wonderment!
sleeking around in the bushes that I screamed at my husband to take me home, except were were 300 miles from home and 50 miles from the nearest hotel!
Hi, my name is Kelly and I don't like rustic camping!
See, it was my maternal instinct kicking in!!
And here's my Wild Thing card!
I went absolutely bananas when I first saw this stamp set because I had looked for it for a long time! The second I saw it, I had to buy it! You'll soon be seeing why - a card/post later on this month will explain :) In the meantime, I inked up another part of the set to create this little cutie.
for the life of me who posted the sketch so I can't give credit.
If it's yours, thank you! I adore it!
I had a blast making a CAS card!
Hubby and I are about to head 'into the wild' - our backyard!
We have some overdue gardening, a true adventure into the wilds ..
I'll enter this card into the TAWS Challenge, the Pile it On Challenge for "Animals with Character"
and the Simon Says Stamp Anything Goes challenge.


Acorn Bar in Denver, USA is a small and relaxed mezzanine restaurant that overlooks the Denver mountains.
The unique Acorn bar sits comfortably in a prime location overlooking the beautiful mountains. You can enjoy an ever changing menu of small plates as well as a brilliant and innovative drinks menu.
As the sister restaurant to Boulders OAK you can definitely expect good things from Acorn.
Their chef Steven Redzukauski has over fifteen years of experience in the culinary industry so he knows what makes good food. Their focus at Acorn is not just ordinary food either, they incorporate the oak fire oven that is the heart of their restaurant. Not only does their rustic menu offer incredible food but they have a brilliant mixologist (Bryan Dayter) who works endlessly to mix and create the best cocktails around.
Acorn boasts an extensive range of wines, beers, cocktails and non-alcoholic specials. Their cocktails are definitely one-of-a-kind, mixed and created in house. We recommend going for the 'Across the Mediterranean' cocktail which contains Gin, Bonal, Contratto Bianco, liquor and lavender bitters!
Interestingly their thirty seat mezzanine that overlooks the view of the mountains contains 'emeco' seating, which are chairs made from recycled coca cola bottles! The quirky theme shines throughout, especially with the marble table tops, wooden banquets and graffitied walls.
Their seasonally changing menu only uses foods that are sourced locally. With an open kitchen, it is easy to see the skills of their chefs who cook up some delicious flavours. In particular we suggest you try the oak grilled pork belly BLT that comes with sambal aioli, avocado, green roasted tomatoes and fried egg.


text:
Dossiers >
'Corona will kill private entrepreneurship in Russia'
Ten days ago Jeroen Ketting, Dutch businessman in Moscow since 26 years, sent his 12 employees home. His staff didn't see the need. Nobody in Russia was sent home to work on distance, so why should they? Ketting is sure his business will be hit hard by the corona-crisis, but he will survive, as he has all the former crises in Russia. For most small and medium Russian entrepreneurs, however, it's a different story. 'If this crisis will not kill small and medium business, it will definitively put them in intensive care', he says.
by Hella Rottenberg
While Ketting is driving from his dacha on his way back to his apartment in Moscow, we talk by telephone about the economic effects of the coronavirus for Russia. Big business, statecorporations and essential industries, like food production and pharmaceuticals, will no doubt be supported and survive, he says.
However, restaurants, bars, cafés, beauty parlors, flower shops, sportcenters and other services are in severe danger. According to estimates of the Russian Chamber of Commerce this week, 3 million small companies will go bankrupt, employing up to 9 million people. 'Some people even say that this corona-crisis will be the worst to happen to small companies after the 1917 bolshevik revolution', remarks Ketting.
Small and medium size business in Russia. Source Rosstat
These small businesses are terribly vulnerable, he notes, because they provide the extras that people can miss when they have to economize. Russians will buy buckwheat, potatoes and chicken instead and forget about the rest. 'Nobody cares what will happen to the small and medium size businessowners, who took out loans and mortgaged their houses ', Ketting says gloomy. They have no financial reserves, they can survive for two or three months at most, he thinks.
Small and medium size business - officially defined as companies with fewer than 250 employees and annual revenues under 2 billion rubles (24 million euros) - make up only 20% of Russia's economy, according to the statistics agency Rosstat. In 2010 Rosstat reported their share in the economy as 30%. The firms have been hit hard already by falling consumer demand and a raise in VAT tariffs in 2018.
'Nobody cares what will happen to the small and medium size businessowners, who took out loans and mortgaged their houses '
From the government they shouldn't expect any support, believes Ketting, after having read the announcements and noticing the lack of empathy. 'There's not one person in the government who worked in the real world and knows what it means to have a business, that you have to earn a ruble before you can spend it.' The new prime minister Mikhail Mishustin lives in a huge mansion at the outskirts of Moscow and when the roads are packed he flies to his work with a helicopter, says Ketting. Besides, Russian society at large has always given entrepreneurs the evil eye, they are doubtful people, maybe not as bad as crooks or frauds, but still. 'It's how the whole tax system functions: to find the faults and mistakes of entrepreneurs.'
Lighthouse Group expects losing 70 to 90% of its turnover
In 2014 Ketting and his co-owner Svetlana Shishkova felt the impact of the economic sanctions after the annexation of Crimea and the downing of the MH17. Their Lighthouse Group lost no less than 70% of its turnover. Now that the company is back to the level of 2013, a new and in their view much more serious crisis sets in.
Jeroen Ketting and Svetlana Shishakova. Photo: Hella Rottenberg
Lighthouse Technologies imports and distributes dry bulk handling equipment for factories which use dry powder, like milkpowder for milk, flour for bread, powders for the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, animal feed, etcetera. Ketting: 'There still is demand. Our equipment is used in many different industries that are crucial. We provide silo's, conveyors, rotary valves, grinders, pipes, among others. If our equipment fails, the production stops. The problem is that the supply chain in the West has collapsed. A project of hundreds of thousands of euro's cannot proceed, because the American producer needs parts from Europe that are not supplied. We see how business has become global and how Russia is integrated in the global community as well, whether they want it or not.'
A second part of the company, Lighthouse Management, does consultancy for international companies in Russia and will suffer as well. Clients of their clients freeze their projects and delay their plans to next year. Ketting's bookings for his training and seminar business are cancelled for the coming months because people are not allowed to gather in one room. 'We are losing business in the range of 70, 80, 90 percent.'
Ketting is not intending to cut down or expects to go bankrupt. His costs are low – no machines, no stocks – he didn't take loans, never gave his private assets as a collateral to the bank and he has got what he calls a 'fuck you fund' – money he has set aside - to survive yet another crisis. In the worst case he must scale down and start from scratch, like he did 22 years ago. 'No problem, I'm more experienced now, I'm not afraid of it. I love a good challenge. It's a journey, it's an adventure.' While 2014 was 'the mother of all crises', he says, we now have 'the grandmother'.
Joining the conversation, Svetlana Shishakova, his business-partner, has examined the plans for government support to the economy but couldn't find anything that would be helpful for small and medium companies. Paying taxes can be postponed by six months, but they still have to be paid. Penalties on outstanding credits will be relieved, but that will not do the trick at all. She considers the measures as to be just a show of support, without doing anything in reality. 'Everybody understands that nobody is covering for private businesspeople and that they will have to pay their debts.' All employees will be sent home from 28 March till 5 April keeping their salaries, Putin announced on March 25. Who shall pay the bill? Not the government. Prime minister Mishustin even warned that the government will punish employers who use the crisis to reduce their staff and salaries.
Government punishes instead of easing the rules
'Mishustin was head of the tax administration, so what do you expect?', adds Ketting. 'All he can say is: we will punish you!' The burden, in brief, is put on the shoulders of the entrepreneurs. Let them just try to survive.
The funds created are meant to support the unemployed, not the companies. The government, says Shishakova, focusses on the broad electorate,the poor and unemployed will receive allowances and some extra money. Bureaucracy and customs will be alleviated for 'essential producers', like those in the food or medicine sector, but not for other companies.
Instead, Russia could act in support of private business, financially and otherwise, argues Shishakova. By easing the rules, for example, and allow companies to send employees home without salaries or reduce their salaries. There is no legal way to do this, so owners must pay the staff and eat their business until it goes bankrupt. Companies must sign all kind of documents to arrange working from home in accordance with the regulations. This takes legal advice, additional costs and a lot of hassle, which could be alleviated. The regulations, however, are not being eased, whether it concerns contracts with employees or import. It makes life difficult in this extraordinary situation, when nobody knows what next month will bring and traveling is out of the question.
Facing the crisis
In 2014 and 2015 the economic problems in Russia didn't affect everybody. On the contrary, many Russian companies could develop because of the Western sanctions and substitution of imports by Russian producers. Those who were in the international trade got into trouble, but others didn't. Shishakova notices that some media express the feeling that Russia has become much stronger and more independent since 2014 and so is ready to face this corona-crisis.
The Russians have forgotten their own joke, says Ketting, which goes like this: 'We thought we hit rock bottom and then we heard knocking from below.' Shishakova: 'Russia will survive, that's how it's seen mainly, while our pillars are the government, the state-owned companies and the electorate who will be happy with a little increase in their salaries.'
'History will forget about those men and women who owned cafes and fitnessclubs. They were just bad entrepreneurs, people will say.'
For the relatively small layer of employees in private companies who will lose their jobs, some additional jobs in state corporations will be created, they guess. 'And that's it', concludes Shishakova.'History will forget about those men and women who owned cafes and fitnessclubs. They were just bad entrepreneurs, people will say.'
Ketting adds his sombre view: 'If this crisis will not kill small and medium business in Russia, it will definitively put it in intensive care for a long time. Very sad. Entrepreneurship takes risks, gives the drive and innovation to an economy. That will be lost. I feel really sorry for the millions of business owners and employees who work for them. They will suffer.'
Businesspeople, with whom Ketting is acquainted, fear the near future, fear that their houses under mortgage will be sold by the bank and they will end up without housing or stack their kids with huge debts. 'It may become a tragedy to many people.'
private entrepreneurs
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In case you can't read it, the error message reports that the Video Player has encountered and error and will be shut down. Oh, and apparently the icons on the desktop need cleaning up — well done, Microsoft!
Just logging into LinkedIn today I saw they announced their Q1 2012 revenue — now the numbers themselves are impressive, but what caught my attention was the brilliant starting slide of their presentation: the very people who made LinkedIn get to this stage: Absolutely brilliant! Well done, LinkedIn!
Posted by Liv & filed under Photos, Ramblings.
Only two of my personalities are schizophrenic, but one of them is paranoid, and the other one is out to get him.


My name is Oreileah McCoi, and I am currently attending classes at St. Emry�s. I am a Hogwarts Alumnus, and formerly of Gryffindor House. I originally moved to London from San Francisco, when in time with my Father�s transfer to a London base for the communications company he runs, an acceptance letter to Hogwarts arrived. My mother is still a housewife and both are looking forward to their forthcoming grandchild.
I am married to Jim Raynor, a fellow Hogwarts Alumni. He is currently starting his Healer training at St. Emry�s and we welcomed our daughter Meagan Amara to the world on 1 July 2005. I am also employeed as a Lingiuistics specialist at the Ministry of Magic, I aid the Magical Law enforcement department with translations of various things including documentation that is brought in front of the court.
Life in Wizarding Britain has become more bearable now that Minister Smythe-Jones is no longer in power. Though the devestation that has been caused by her actions will have lingering effects from those who were in the various �camps� and those that were hunted down by the RAC and those who were forced in to exile to ensure that their families were safe. Those of mixed heritage in the Wizarding world are slowly recovering, and rebuilding their lives.


Tim and Amelia Whitaker claim that their business, in the sought-after resort of St Mawes, is being ruined because the review is highlighted whenever potential customers search for them online.
The Whitakers are among dozens of small business owners who say that they have been unable to persuade Google to remove scurrilous reviews left by rivals.
Their troubles began four weeks ago when a five-year-old edition of the reality television show Four in a Bed was repeated on Channel 4. The next day a "reviewer" using the name "ste dutton" left a comment giving their B&B, Nearwater, one star. He called the couple "absolute idiots", said that Mr Whitaker was a "pompous fool" and complained that the rooms were "dirty" and the breakfast "awful".
Mr Whitaker complained to Google. He says that he was put through to the office in India from where Google Reviews is run. His complaint was not accepted. He said: "The woman didn't seem to understand when I told her the review was written by someone who had never stayed at Nearwater.
This tactic backfired when the Google search engine selected two lines from ste dutton's review to place on the search results page.
Mr Whitaker said: "In our seven years of operation this has been the worst start to the season we've had. It is terribly damaging to us. When big international corporations don't mind s******g on little people it is not nice and they need to be brought to account somehow." The Whitakers are taking advice from a libel lawyer.
A spokeswoman for Google said that the company did not comment on individual cases but that if the comment had not been removed it "probably does not violate Google's local review policies".
A British-based Google consultant, who did not want to be named, said that Google Reviews had attracted several complaints. However, because it is run by a subsidiary in India and California the consultant had not been able to force any changes.


I love having the source code.
Found two bugs. Reported them (1 & 2) and found a good fix for the second, and an ok one for the first.
I changed the font from the default of "Microsoft Sans Serif" to "Tahoma", ahh it's so much softer on the eyes.
I love been in control. When the read state syncing with NewsGator Online is sorted I'll be really happy.
After the loveliness of Google Analytics, MSN Spaces Stats are just plain ugly.
Today I used a new RSS Reader, 50+ "Page Views" because it got all my current posts. Any time somebody subscribes count gets nailed. Yet they are effectively the same person. So RSS and Web view should be separated.
The title of the pages that are view get truncated to "Simeon's Bits: Simeon Pi…" or "Simeon's Bits: System.Dr…" so you don't know what's really getting viewed.
So there is heaps of room for improvement. It's better than the original daily totals I was getting out of Goggle AdSense, but Analytics is just lovely. If only I could get access to the headers.
This afternoon, I was emptying deleted entries/feeds in Sauce Reader, and my complete subscription list disappeared. I'm sure all I did was empty rubbish bin. Ether way it's now gone.
So after 70 minutes of trawling every page I've every linked too and finding most of the feeds, I'm back in business.
I've even found a petty bug in RSSBandit and reported it already. I might even try to fix, just because I can.
Rick Strahl is complaining the HTML is auto validating in VS2005, and Scott Guthrie reply with how to turn it off. Reading these posts I thought it might be like the problem I was having with QuickBasic files been parsed and generating errors as noted here.
So I ran off to find some QuickBasic files and loaded them up while have my current work as my project. 18 Error's found in the non-project file. I had thought in RC1 that my project would not run because of the errors, but in RTM my project runs happy.
Back to the options Scott shows for HTML, but there is not option in the Basic section to turn the parser off.
I'm not sure what justification there is for parsing a (non-project) file at Build time, just because it's open in the IDE. Also it is odd to assume a files type by it extension, but that's water under the bridge I guess.
Well after attending Connect Technical Session, I duly collected my Visual Studio 2005 (and other stuff).
Tonight I installed VS2005 and I have to say it went without a hitch. It told me I had the RTM of Visual Studio 2005 installed, and showed me a URL with instruction to uninstall it. I ran the uninstall program, and it just worked. 50 minutes after that I have VS2005 and MSDN installed.
Thoughts after playing in my Curse of the Azure Bonds project, seems faster. Not actually sure of timing, but pause while it parsed the error list (for all 1500 errors) feels shorter.
It was cool. I was surprised by the number of attendees. While Craig and I were talking at the end, the key note speaker Jonathan Tom came up and talked to us. We had been talking about the new features, and how it will be hard to get them adopted because most of our work is on going evolution of our core product. Craig was also interested in the push of BI, Jonathan been a Senior Product Manger SQL Server Marketing was happy to talk about these things. It was cool that he chatted with us, so I tried asking a tricky question about the role of BI as leverage to sell/upgrade people verse extending the power to users. Been the marking guy he was he had a solid and respectful answer to both natures of the question.
Other than the PA system bang, and Jonathan failing off the stage, it all went well.


text:
South's presidential mega-donors, many with oil ties, give exclusively to GOP candidates
By Alex KotchSeptember 21, 2015
prez-donors_0.jpg
The super PACs supporting presidential candidates Rick Perry, Ted Cruz and Jeb Bush have received millions from Texas oil billionaires. (Candidate photos by Gage Skidmore via Flickr.)
This year has seen an onslaught of donations to super PACs, outside political organizations that can accept unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations and unions but aren't allowed to coordinate directly with candidates or parties. So far this year, 17 times the amount of money donated to presidential super PACs at this point in 2012 has already entered the coffers of these political spending groups, which were made possible by the U.S. Supreme Court's 2010 Citizens United decision.
In all, 67 individuals and companies gave $1 million or more to super PACs supporting presidential candidates during the first half of 2015. These mega-donors gave $136 million — half of the total raised by super PACs overall and more than the $130 million the 22 presidential candidates raised for their own campaigns.
And while the South* is home to 34 percent of the U.S. population, Southern donors and a few Southern corporations account for 51 percent of the million-dollar contributions to presidential super PACs so far — and every cent they donated went to super PACs supporting Republican candidates.
Over half of the individual and corporate super PAC mega-donors from the South made their wealth through the energy industry, with Texas oil billionaires dominating the list. They gave to three Republican candidates: Ted Cruz, current U.S. senator from the state; former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush, who was born and raised in the Lone Star State and attended the University of Texas; and Rick Perry, the longest-serving governor of Texas who dropped out of the race recently after performing poorly in the polls. The Bush family has longstanding ties to the oil industry, and all three candidates have advocated for policies friendly to the industry.
Among the oil industry insiders making big contributions to presidential super PACs:
* Toby Neugebauer, an oil and gas investor whose father is U.S. Rep. Randy Neugebauer (R-Texas), donated $10 million to a pro-Cruz super PAC earlier this year. Neugebauer has a long career in energy investing, including co-founding Quantum Energy Partners, a Houston-based private equity firm with an oil and gas-focused portfolio. In 2014, he moved with his family from Texas to Puerto Rico after the U.S. territory erased its capital gains taxes; he said he moved so his sons could learn Spanish and attend a good school and because of favorable investment opportunities.
* The top contributor to pro-Perry super PACs through June is Kelcy Warren, CEO of Energy Transfer Partners, a Texas-based oil pipeline business where Perry serves on the board and is an equity owner. Warren, whose wealth is estimated at $5.5 billion, gave $6 million to two super PACs supporting Perry.
* Cisco, Texas brothers Farris and Dan Wilks, each worth about $1.3 billion, co-founded Frac Tech, a company that built pumper rigs used to blast open shale formations during hydraulic fracturing and that they have since sold. Farris and his wife, Joann Wilks, each gave pro-Cruz super PACs $5 million, and Dan and his wife, Staci Wilks, each gave super PACs supporting Cruz $2.5 million. At $15 million total, the Wilks family has given the most of any family to presidential super PACs.
* Houston businessman Robert McNair, worth $3.3 billion, made his fortune from Cogen Technologies, one of the largest non-utility co-generators of electrical and thermal energy in the United States, which he sold to Enron in 1999. Now the owner of power plants and real estate and financial firms as well as National Football League team the Houston Texans, McNair split $2 million four ways among super PACs backing presidential candidates Cruz, Bush, U.S. Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, and Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker, who just dropped out of the race.
* Hushang Ansary, former Iranian ambassador to the U.S., now lives in Houston with his wife, Shahla Ansary, and each gave a pro-Bush super PAC $1 million. Hushang Ansary once directed the National Iranian Oil Company and was later chairman of a company that makes oilfield equipment.
* Richard Kinder, CEO of Kinder Morgan, a Houston-based oil and gas pipeline company, gave a pro-Bush super PAC $1 million, as did his wife, Nancy Kinder. Richard Kinder's wealth is estimated at $9 billion.
* Texas oil company founder Ray L. Hunt and his wife, Nancy Hunt, each gave a pro-Bush super PAC $1 million. Ray Hunt's net worth has been estimated at $5.8 billion.
* Fracking pioneer Trevor Rees-Jones of Dallas and his wife, Jan Rees-Jones, forked over another combined $2 million to a super PAC supporting Bush. Trevor Rees-Jones, the founder and chairman of Chief Oil and Gas, has a net worth of about $5.3 billion.
* Billionaire Gary Chouest of Louisiana is the CEO of Edison Chouest, a company that builds and operates a fleet of offshore drilling service vessels. He gave $1 million to a super PAC supporting the presidential campaign of Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal.
Below is a map of million-dollar presidential super PAC donations, scaled by the donation size, from a recent report by Bloomberg Politics. The red circles indicate money going to super PACs supporting GOP candidates while blue circles represent donations to pro-Democratic super PACs. A super PAC supporting Hillary Clinton is the only one on the Democratic side to receive a million-dollar donation.
Florida's health care industry also stands out among the Southern mega-donors, with much of its money going to a super PAC supporting Bush. Other mega-donors from the South include Home Depot founder Bernard Marcus of Atlanta, who split $1.6 million between pro-Bush and pro-Walker super PACs; Laura Perlmutter, wife of Marvel Entertainment CEO Isaac Perlmutter and a resident of both Florida and New York, who gave a pro-Rubio super PAC $2 million; Ronnie Cameron, chair of Arkansas poultry giant Mountaire Corp., who donated $3 million to candidate super PACs, with most of that going to a PAC supporting former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee; Norman Braman, a Florida auto dealer and former owner of the Philadelphia Eagles NFL team, who gave $5 million to a pro-Rubio super PAC; and Darwin Deason, a Texas resident and founder of Affiliated Computer Services, who gave a super PAC supporting Perry $5 million. When Perry dropped out of the race, Deason's son said his dad wants his money back.
Below is a table with information on each mega-donation from the South. Click on it for a larger version.
* Facing South counts among the Southern states Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia.
super pacs
outside spending
citizens united
oil and gas pipelines
ronnie cameron
toby neugebauer
randy neugebauer
quantum energy partners
kelcy warren
farris wilks
dan wilks
frac tech
robert mcnair
cogen technologies
hushang ansary
richard kinder
ray l. hunt
trevor rees-jones
chief oil and gas
gary chouest
bernard marcus
laura perlmutter
isaac perlmutter
mountaire
norman braman
darwin deason
@alexkotch
Alex is an investigative journalist based in Brooklyn, New York, and a reporter for the money-in-politics website Sludge. He was on staff at the Institute for Southern Studies from 2014 to 2016. Additional stories of Alex's have appeared in the International Business Times, The Nation and Vice.com.
INSTITUTE INDEX: The Texas fracking tycoon funding anti-abortion extremism
New data undermine oil and gas industry's pipeline safety claims
Oil, coal spills contaminate Louisiana in Isaac's wake
Environmental disaster on Louisiana bayou highlights radioactive hazards of oil and gas drilling


text:
Q: Recorrer un array, si está la palabra 'lobo' devolver true, si no está; false Este es mi codigo para solucionar el ejercicio pero no me funciona ¿Me podres decir que esta mal?
function loboEstaONoEsta(array) {
 for(i = 0; i < array.length; i++){
  if(array[i] === 'lobo'){
   return true;
  }else{
   return false;
  }
 }
}

A: Se utiliza el metodo some, validando startsWith

  const array = ["gato", "lobo"];
  function loboEstaONoEsta(array) {
    return array.some((item) => item.startsWith("lobo"));
  }
  console.log(loboEstaONoEsta(array));

A: Explicación del error:
El error está en que a cada evaluación que se haga en el for, la respuesta será el primer bucle que haga y se quedará pegado ahí, es decir, la primera evaluación en este caso será la primera posición de tu array, en donde estás verificando si la primera posición del array es lobo retornando true, de lo contrario retorna false:

function loboEstaONoEsta(array) {
  for (i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
    if (array[i] === 'lobo') {
      return true;
    } else {
      return false;
    }
  }
}

console.log(loboEstaONoEsta(["perro", "gato", "lobo"]))
console.log(loboEstaONoEsta(["gato", "lobo", "perro"]))
console.log(loboEstaONoEsta(["lobo", "perro", "gato"]))

Solución del problema:
La solución sería que cuando en cada evaluación no encuentre la palabra lobo, continúe evaluando hasta encontrarlo y entrar en el if. Si en todas las evaluaciones nunca encuentra la palabra lobo, se saldrá del bucle y retornará false, veamos:

function loboEstaONoEsta(array) {
  for (i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
    if (array[i] === 'lobo') {
      return true; // si encuentra, retorna true.
    } else {
      continue; // si no encuentra, sigue evaluando.
    }
  }
  return false; // si nunca encontró, retorna false.
}

console.log(loboEstaONoEsta(['perro', 'gato', 'lobo'])); // hay lobo
console.log(loboEstaONoEsta(['lobo', 'perro', 'gato'])); // hay lobo
console.log(loboEstaONoEsta(['perro', 'gato', 'loro'])); // no hay lobo


This course would be phenomenal. if it's not playing so soft.
Perhaps it is appropriate that the 100th playing of this Major sees the Americans firmly in control of the PGA Championship and dominating the top of the leaderboard.
"Another low round", Woods said. "It's mentally grinding that hard for 29 holes in this heat". "It's actually pretty windy today and I'm staying in the shade as best as I can".
At stake is a chance to win three of the past six majors he has played, and to join an elite list - Tiger Woods, Jack Nicklaus, Ben Hogan and Gene Sarazen - as the only players to win the U.S. Open and PGA Championship in the same year.
Shane Lowry was one of a multitude of golfers up at the crack of dawn in St Louis to finish out his second round in the USPGA Championships.
Ten players were within four shots of the lead, which includes defending champion Justin Thomas (68), Jason Day (67) and Stewart Cink, the 2009 British Open champion who played with Woods and matched his 66. Koepka just may be that kind of complete, too.
"I think May is going to be a lot better for this golf tournament for sure". "It takes it out of you not just physically but mentally".
But Tiger's putter? It brought more moans than cheers from the fans, and more frustration than joy to Woods. "You can really control the spin, the flight".
Rickie Fowler is dealing with an oblique injury but gutted out 69 and will begin Sunday in the penultimate group with Jon Rahm.
As the final groups teed off Woods was four shots off the lead, but he was far from alone in taking advantage of the ideal conditions, with defending champion Justin Thomas making a birdie at the first and 2015 victor Jason Day picking up shots on the first and third.
Mr Musk said in a tweet on Tuesday that he had secured financing for the deal, but he did not publicly provide further details. Musk's personal stake in Tesla is nearly 20 percent, meaning he would need roughly $70 billion to take it out of the market.
"So in eight holes, he had seven birdies", Furyk said. No one made more in one stretch than Woods, who electrified the gallery with a 31 on the front to start his third round.
Woods' front nine charge - 4-under - came to a screeching halt on the back. As long as he wakes up feeling well he should be in the fight on the back nine. "The whole time, you're just trying to prove them wrong".
"It can show its teeth if you're not driving it well", Thomas said.
Spieth refused to acknowledge he's out of it entering Sunday's final round.
"There's a big chance tomorrow, but there are probably 10 guys thinking the same thing", he said.
He had been on the verge of a low number that would have vaulted him into the thick of it. "I know that that's in the bag".
Woods is still seven shots back of the leader Gary Woodland, but he's got most of his round yet to play.
Woodland said the bunker nightmare had followed what he felt was a "great swing" on his approach. He wound up with triple-bogey, and scrambled to get back in the mix.
"Try to make the best out of a bad situation and keep rolling", Koepka said. It's a major championship.


It seemed like the rain was never going to stop. It started in the morning, and when I left work around 5pm, it was still coming down hard. I took my normal route home through a back country road. As I turned right onto Fitchrona Road, a long line of cars came into view. There's usually some congestion leading to the stop sign ahead. Except today, something was different. About 20 yards of the road ahead was submerged in water.
Most of the cars charged through. The water seemed to be only 3-4 inches deep. I was confident my SUV could make it. Luckily, it did. When I got home, I received a text from my husband. He said, "It's flooding everywhere, I tried three different roads, and they were all under water. I'm parked with a bunch of other cars at the gas station. We're going to wait here until the water goes down." He also sent a photo of a wide, turbulent river. An eerie green light reflected off the river surface—it was a traffic light standing tall in the middle of the water. Also in the river were two cars, wheels half submerged. It took me a few moments to realize that the "river" was flowing on the major intersection of Highway 151 and McKee Road. My city was under water.
On August 20, 2018, southern Wisconsin experienced one of the most disastrous floods in the past century. Madison, the city I call home, and surrounding areas received bursts of extreme rainfall, some exceeding 14 inches within 24 hours. How bad was it? The previous 24-hour rainfall record in Wisconsin was 11.7 inches. That was in 1946.
My husband made it home safely, after waiting for half an hour at the gas station for the water to recede. We later found that water had seeped into our basement, wetting the carpet. The smell of dirty wet socks lasted for more than two weeks. But I'm not complaining. A friend of mine had water gushing through her basement windows like a waterfall. Hundreds of cars were stalled in high water around the city. More than 80 people were forced to stay overnight at a Costco in Middleton when the area around the warehouse was flooded with over a foot of water. East Johnson Street, a major road along the isthmus between two of Madison's largest lakes was under water for weeks. One man tried to escape from his flooded car, but was sucked under water. His body was found in a retention pond about a third of a mile away.
The idea that extreme rainfall is becoming more common is nothing new. In a presentation back in 2009, Dr. Steve Vavrus, Senior Scientist at the Nelson Institute Center for Climatic Research, stated "If it seems like heavy rainfalls around here have become more common lately, it's because it has." Warming temperatures associated with climate change are likely to blame. The best accepted explanation among scientists for how warming temperatures can increase heavy rainfall is fairly simple. Warmer surfaces, land or ocean, tend to evaporate more, which generates more moisture in the air. Just like when you crank up the fire under a kettle of boiling water, more water will evaporate. When conditions are right for heavy rainfall, such as a big thunderstorm or a slow-moving front, "The atmosphere can better wring out the greater availability of moisture and produce a heavier rainfall event," says Dr. Vavrus. This means that in the past where certain storm conditions may generate 1 inch of rain, future conditions may generate 2 or more inches. This trend is well underway—the amount of rainfall in the heaviest storms in the Midwest has already increased by 37% from 1958 to 2012. Climate models predict that by 2055, the frequency of heavy precipitation events (>2 inches of rainfall) in Wisconsin will occur once every 8 months, 25% more frequent than in 1980.
What's happening around Madison is just a snapshot of what's going on around the world. Intense hurricanes have also become more common globally partly due to warmer sea temperatures. The National Climate Assessment states that "the intensity, frequency, and duration of North Atlantic hurricanes, as well as the frequency of the strongest (Category 4 and 5) hurricanes, have all increased since the early 1980s." Just last week, Hurricane Florence dumped 30–36 inches of rain across North and South Carolina, causing massive flooding throughout the two states. More than 340,000 people experienced power outage. 33 people lost their lives. The damage caused by Hurricane Florence puts the flood here in Madison to shame.
For most of us, climate change seems distant. It's hard to imagine how an increase of a few degrees can affect our daily lives. We see storms, hurricanes, and flooding in the news all the time, yet they don't seem like an immediate threat. But when they happen in your backyard (or basement!), the effect of climate change becomes a lot harder to ignore. Unfortunately, as temperatures continue to rise, more people will experience severe weather first-hand.


your opinion of people. I remember the first time I saw Rhude, it was down at the lumber yard and he had come to see about renting the house, wearing sap sucker pants and that old visor. I kind of looked him over out of the corner of my eye and when Pop said he had rented the house I kind of wondered about his judgement. But I've noticed its usually right. You folks are fortunate in having such good neighbors. Wrote Uncle Raymond a short letter last night but am I behind on my correspondence. Irma say's Jim has been working in the nursery right along with his Portugees and is almost as brown as they are. Built a combination chicken houses and tool shed and they have had three batches of chickens 25 at a time and have enjoyed them very much, broilers and fryers. Also they have a pair of rabbits, two sheep and the dogs so they are quite farmers. Their garden looks the best this year that it ever has as they have done it themselves instead of hoping there would be a slack time and the men could help. She does write grand letters and I enjoyed hearing from them after so long.


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In Iraq, captured Yazidi women fear the Islamic State will force them to wed
WaPo Aug 17, 2014 1:00 PM ET
On Saturday, 100 or so women joined the list, turning up crammed into two buses at a school in the town of Tal Afar, where hundreds of the women are already being held, according to an eyewitness. The new arrivals had been detained the previous day in the small village of Kocho, where Kurdish officials and Yazidis say that more than 80 men were lined up and shot before the younger women were separated from the older ones and taken away.
The oldest of the women in Kocho were not detained but are being held there by Islamic State fighters who also spared the oldest men, said Ziad Sinjari, a Kurdish pesh merga commander in Sinjar, citing the account of one of six survivors of the massacre who escaped injured to a nearby village.
Once at the school, the eyewitness said, the youngest women again were parted from older ones and driven away, along with a dozen or so boys between ages 10 and 12 who had apparently been detained with their mothers.
The reports from the massacre at Kocho and its aftermath illustrate a disturbing pattern that has emerged in the two weeks since the majority-Yazidi town of Sinjar was overrun, prompting tens of thousands of panicked adherents of the minority sect to run for their lives to the mountains.
Read More From WaPo


US lottery officials say the Powerball jackpot has ballooned to $USD750 million ($1.06 billion) after no ticket matched all six numbers in the most recent drawing.
The next drawing for what would be the fourth-largest jackpot in US history is Wednesday. The odds of winning are roughly 1 in 292.2 million.
The buyers of three tickets shared the US' largest jackpot. It was a nearly $USD1.59 billion Powerball prize drawn on January 13, 2016. A South Carolina purchaser won a $USD1.54 billion Mega Millions jackpot. That was the nation's second-largest lottery prize ever.


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Stream Capital Partners Arranges $12 Million Sale of Walgreens Property in New Jersey
Written by Camren Skelton
Published in Investment sales, New Jersey, News
Short Hills, N.J. — Stream Capital Partners has arranged the $12 million sale of a 14,963-square-foot property leased to Walgreens in Short Hills, located 25 miles west of Manhattan.
Phil DiGennaro, Jordan Shtulman and Jonathan Wolfe of Stream Capital represented the undisclosed seller in the transaction. The buyer was a private investor. Walgreens has 19 years remaining on its triple-net lease, which expires in 2036.
short hills stream capital partners Walgreens
Marcus & Millichap Brokers $23.5 Million Sale of Butler Plaza in Northern New Jersey June 23, 2022
Sterling Organization Acquires 129,000-Square-Foot Riverfront Plaza in Northern New Jersey June 7, 2022
Black Lion Purchases ITC Crossing South Shopping Center in Northern New Jersey for $49.8 Million January 4, 2022
Cushman & Wakefield Brokers $13.5 Million Sale of Retail Center in North Arlington, New Jersey August 16, 2021
NorthBridge Partners Buys Macy's Furniture Gallery Store in Maple Shade, New Jersey, for $9.8 Million August 12, 2021
JLL Brokers $16.4 Million Sale of Retail Building Leased to Home Depot in Bloomfield, New Jersey February 15, 2021
Aspen, Devli Buy 138,000-Square-Foot MainTree Shopping Center in Vineland, New Jersey February 9, 2021
JLL Negotiates Sale of 94,550-Square-Foot Shopping Center in Metro Philadelphia January 20, 2021
Sterling Organization Acquires 94,550-Square-Foot Grocery-Anchored Retail Center in Sewell, New Jersey January 14, 2021
Faris Lee Arranges $3.7 Million Sale of Stockton, California, Retail Property
Stockton, Calif. – The property sold for $507 per square foot.
Walgreens to Shutter 600 Stores as Part of $4.38 Billion Rite Aid Acquisition
Deerfield, Ill. — Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. (NASDAQ: WBA) plans to shutter 600 of its stores as part of its $4.38 billion purchase of rival Rite Aid Corp.
Boulder Group Arranges $6.9 Million Sale of Walgreens-Leased Property in Chicago
Chicago — The Boulder Group has arranged the sale of a single-tenant property net leased to Walgreens in Chicago for $6.9 million.
Marcus & Millichap Arranges $5.46 Million Sale of Walgreens Net-Leased Property
Marana, Ariz. — Marcus & Millichap has arranged the $5.46 million sale of a 14,820-square-foot net-leased Walgreens property located in Marana.
CBRE|Richmond Brokers $12 Million Sale of Walgreens in Virginia Beach
Virginia Beach, Va. — CBRE|Richmond has arranged the $12 million sale of a Walgreens Pharmacy in Virginia Beach.


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Meet the 2013 enterprise superstars
Christina Farr and Jordan Novet	 December 23, 2013 12:15 PM
Box CEO Aaron Levie
Image Credit: Sean Ludwig/VentureBeat
2013 was the year that business software became "sexy." It wasn't just the sheer dollars that poured into the space, but the people and ideas that transformed the way we do business.
Young and energetic chief executives, such as Box's Aaron Levie and Dropbox's Drew Houston made cloud storage seem accessible. Fast-growing startup RelateIQ got us thinking about what's next for customer relationship management (CRM). And "big data" companies like Quid, Kaggle, and Metamarkets rose to prominence by forming online communities of data scientists.
It's about time that enterprise startups got their share of attention — and not just consumer apps. So VentureBeat's enterprise team interviewed our network and compiled a list of the vendors and visionaries that impressed us most this year.
The chief executive: Aaron Levie
Above: Box's Aaron Levie
Aaron Levie, 28, was on a crusade this year to make enterprise cool, and it totally worked. At Boxworks, the company's recent conference, Levie paced the stage, cracking some (actually funny) jokes and discussing plans for his billion-dollar cloud storage company. In interviews, Levie talks a mile a minute, always giving us the impression that he's thinking about ten steps ahead. He usually is.
"The software you'll see in the enterprise needs to be far easier to use," he often says. Box is a threat to some legacy players like Microsoft, as it's designed with ease of use in mind, unlike most business-focused software.
Box's customers include 97 percent of the companies on the Fortune 500; the technology is used by an estimated 20 million people. But 2014 will be Levie's year. An initial public offering is likely on the horizon; revenues will be sky high if the sales team's strategy of pitching vertical sectors one-by-one (health, education, financial services, legal and so on) ultimately pays off. With Levie at the helm, we're excited to see what's in store.
Honorable mention: Roman Stanek, chief executive of GoodData; Anthony Goldbloom, chief executive of Kaggle; and Frederic Laluyaux, chief executive of Anaplan.
The venture firm: Emergence Capital
Above: That Emergence Capital Christmas gift
Emergence Capital's founder Gordon Ritter made a name for himself by investing early in Salesforce. But this year, Ritter's investment strategy shifted. Rather than funding startups with a broad approach, his firm is focused on software for specific industries, such as health care or finance. This vertical approach paid off when a little-known cloud company called Veeva Systems experienced a soaring initial public offering earlier this year.
Emergence, Veeva's biggest investor, had a stake worth $1.2 billion, which is roughly a 300-fold return on the original investment. In an interview following the IPO, Ritter reiterated his view that the next wave of the cloud is "focused on industries and real customer successes." He may well be right.
We were also intrigued this year by enterprise-focused funds Data Collective, Venrock Capital, and the CIA's venture firm, In-Q-Tel.
And Bloomberg Beta, an early stage fund that Bloomberg L.P. launched this year, won points for publishing on GitHub its lengthy "operating manual," which contains questions the fund's investors like to ask, its funding process, and other characteristics of the fund that entrepreneurs otherwise probably wouldn't know.
But Emergence's hilarious Christmas gift clinched the win. It showed us that they don't take themselves too seriously, even after such a stellar year.
Honorable mention: Data Collective, Venrock Capital, and In-Q-Tel.
The accelerator: Alchemist
Above: Alchemist demo day in Mountain View
Investors are on the hunt for revenue-generating companies that are building software for businesses, not consumers — and that's Alchemist's sweet spot. We exclusively covered the launch of the new Silicon Valley-based startup accelerator earlier this year, and have reported on the first batch of graduates, many of whom have gone on to bag a sizable seed round.
Alchemist is run by Ravi Belani, a highly personable and well-connected former venture capitalist. His accelerator has already generated a great deal of buzz, and interest from VCs.
"It's fun to build stuff and make money," said Belani. "And in the enterprise, your first customers will write million-dollar checks."
Belani will only take on 10 teams per quarter. He has already raised enough money to fund 90 companies in the next two years.
Honorable mention: Citrix Startup Accelerator and Y Combinator.
The pivot: Docker
Above: Solomon Hykes, Docker project creator
Image Credit: dot Conferences/Flickr
This year, observers of the cloud-computing industry started wondering about the real value of Platform as a Service (PaaS), a category of products on top of which developers can build and run web applications.
But one company has succeeded in casting aside its original identity as just another PaaS and taking up a whole new appearance as a provider of open-source technology that saves developers time and effort as they get their applications ready to go.
That company, Docker, was called dotCloud up until a couple months ago, when it changed its name to better reflect its close relationships with the technology it had released under an open-source license earlier this year: Docker containers. Engineers at eBay and other companies have flocked to the technology, and cloud providers such as Google have adding support for it.
The company plans to release commercial services based on Docker containers and provide commercial support to people who use them. Partnerships with vendors who embrace the technology could bring in money, too.
The data scientist: Monica Rogati
Above: Rogati at the Data Science Summit
Image Credit: Michael O'Donnell
Users share lots of information about themselves on social media sites like LinkedIn and Facebook, including their clicks. Those companies' data scientists have plenty to mine for ideas on which features ought to get scrapped and what product managers could do to propel the companies forward. And they can also put together cool infographics full of trends they observe.
But more and more data is coming from machines. Sensors capturing temperature, sound levels, and other kinds of information are becoming more ubiquitous. Connected devices such as the Fitbits and Jawbones are among the sources of data in the fast-growing Internet of things.
That's why it's exciting to think about what Monica Rogati will be able to do in her new job as vice president of data at Jawbone. Rogati, formerly senior data scientist at LinkedIn, has already started whipping up digestible insights based on data from the UP wristbands her company sells. Expect her contributions to the company to go beyond that sort of output, though.
Speaking at VentureBeat's DataBeat/Data Science Summit event earlier this month, she talked about her interest in "data products." The term doesn't simply mean interpreting people's clickstreams on a website.
"It's also about taking data and turning it into a product," she said. She didn't elaborate on the data products she wants to produce. But her work is worth watching.
So what if IT administrators won't be the only ones to see it? It could prove influential as more people start buying connected devices and more companies jump into the market. It might also provide to end users suggestions for improving their health. And that could well be more important in the long run than slight improvements in ad targeting.
Honorable mention: Rayid Ghani, cofounder of Edgeflip.
The startup worth watching: RelateIQ
Above: DJ Patil, vice president of product at RelateIQ
Image Credit: Eric Millette
Lots of companies release add-ons for Salesforce.com's software for tracking customer leads, showing how the product isn't perfect by itself. Fewer companies have the guts to call into question that whole category of software, known as customer relationship management (CRM), into question and offer a truly different solution for the same problem.
RelateIQ is one such company, pitching "relationship intelligence" as a smarter tool for salespeople to stay on top of conversations with all their important contacts.
Data from multiple applications, including LinkedIn, Office 365, and Gmail, can be pushed into RelateIQ, which provides desktop and mobile applications. And the tool just pulls data in from incoming and outgoing emails, without requiring users to do anything special. It sends users reminders of how and when they should follow up.
It wouldn't be surprising to see RelateIQ get smarter. It's got some serious data science talent on hand. DJ Patil, a co-creator of the now-hot term "data scientist," joined the company after being data scientist in residence at Greylock Partners and previously head of data products at LinkedIn.
Honorable mention: Totango and Viptela.


The village of Franschhoek, where Leopard's Leap has it head office, was founded 300 years ago by French immigrants who brought with them their love of and expertise in wine and food making.
This passion and expertise lives on today and Franschhoek, nestled amid towering mountains about 45 minutes outside of the coastal city of Cape Town, is the gourmet and wine heartland of South Africa.
A remarkable 20 percent of the five-star chefs in South Africa are found in this small village attracting visitors from far and near. It is therefore only right that on this blog we will share recipes and restaurant reviews with you as well as match our wines to the appropriate food.


ZDMP is a Research and Innovation activity that emerged in response to a European Commission H2020 call on Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future under grant agreement 825631. It is a Digital Manufacturing Platform to facilitate Zero Defect Manufacturing in connected smart factories, including SMEs, and ultimately its aim is to further Europes position in the manufacture of high-quality products.
The Zero Defect Manufacturing Platform (ZDMP) was launched in January 2019 for 48 months with an investment of 19M€ provided by the 30 sponsoring companies and the European Commission.
Partner companies and other information can be found at www.zdmp.eu.


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NODL: Cancellation of the West Libra
West Libra Inc., the 100% owned subsidiary of Northern Drilling Ltd (the "Company" or "NODL"), has today notified Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co. Ltd ("DSME") that it has cancelled the resale contract for the 7th generation ultra-deepwater drillship West Libra due to delay of delivery as well as repudiatory breach of contract.
West Libra Inc. has made advance payments totaling approximately USD $90 million under the resale contract with DSME, and will claim a refund of the instalment paid, plus interest and damages. If this claim is disputed, the Company will seek an award via London arbitration in accordance with the terms of the contract as well as industry standard procedures and timescales.
Following the cancellation of the resale contract of West Aquila in August 2021, DSME has initiated arbitration proceedings.
Scott McReaken, CEO of NODL
Additional information about the Company can be found at: http://www.northerndrillingltd.com
Mandatory notification of trade by primary insider


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You are here:Home/News/ The World Beyond the City
The World Beyond the City 2017 Pre-Columbian Studies symposium https://staging.doaks.org/newsletter/the-world-beyond-the-city https://staging.doaks.org/logo.png
The World Beyond the City
Posted On December 15, 2017 | 14:59 pm | by baileyt | Permalink
2017 Pre-Columbian Studies symposium
Twenty-five miles northeast of present-day Mexico City, the remains of Teotihuacan still present a remarkable scene, the site's monumental pyramids and wide, open avenues gesturing at its former significance. One of only two cities in the New World ever to number a residential population of more than 100,000, Teotihuacan's influence extended widely over Mesoamerica, from central Mexico to as far away as the Maya lowlands.
On October 6 and 7, Dumbarton Oaks held its annual Pre-Columbian Studies symposium, "Teotihuacan: The World Beyond the City." Organized by Barbara Arroyo of the Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala, Kenneth Hirth of Pennsylvania State University, and David Carballo of Boston University, the symposium was aimed at addressing Teotihuacan's influence and evaluating the city's internal organization and external interactions in light of recent studies, research, and data.
The first day of the symposium began with a series of joint remarks by Kenneth Hirth and Director of Pre-Columbian Studies Colin McEwan. McEwan emphasized that this year's meeting moved on from previous thematic symposia, forming part of a series that encompasses "Chavín and its Neighbors" next year, followed by "Mesoamerican-South American Relations Revisited" in 2019 that together emphasize a hemispheric approach. Ken Hirth then offered a brief introduction to Teotihuacan's art, religion, and architecture, pointing out themes and structures, like the city's unique apartment compounds, that would appear frequently in the pursuant talks.
Michael E. Smith of Arizona State University began the symposium's first session with a talk that clearly delineated the architectural, social, and political features that made Teotihuacan unique—and those that didn't. "Teotihuacan: Urban Center, Global City, Mesoamerican Anomaly" noted, for instance, the "normal" presence of a great compound in the city and the "unusual" absence of a ballcourt or obvious palace structure.
New urban design ideas in the city's layout, Smith explained, included orthogonal planning, organization around a central avenue rather than a central plaza, and the much-discussed apartment compounds, which numbered about two thousand at the city's height. While apartment-based living arrangements in similarly advanced societies typically served as housing for the urban poor, the spacious apartments of Teotihuacan, replete with patios, drains, and murals, amounted to "luxury housing," and were the standard in the city. The apartments were thus a sign of another unusual aspect of life in Teotihuacan: it was remarkably egalitarian, with surprisingly little wealth inequality.
The next talk, by David Carballo of Boston University, examined the conflicted scholarly understanding of political power structures in Teotihuacan. Debates on the city's internal power structures often center around whether the city was ruled by a single sovereign individual or a committee. Carballo's talk analyzed the city's art and architecture to suss out the underlying ideologies that might have determined this structure.
Iconographical programs in the city, he explained, tended to "universalize, rather than individualize," a trait that would have emphasized social roles over the individual. Monumental sculpture in Teotihuacan was often religious, "of and for the gods," subordinating the human to the divine. Throughout his talk, Carballo discussed the constant reclassification of Teotihuacan—was it a tributary polity? A city-state?—while emphasizing that political "centralization does not equal autocratic or individualistic" rule, but instead should only connote "a powerful government with legitimate authority."
Kenneth Hirth of Pennsylvania State University followed this with a discussion of Teotihuacan's urban economy and its interregional interaction. "Teotihuacan Economy from the Inside Out" broke down the levels of production—the household unit's production of small obsidian, for instance—and described the basic characteristics of the city's urban economy, including its reliance on a central great compound marketplace and the fact that roughly two-thirds of the city's population was engaged in farming.
Hirth explained that while a state-managed economic model should not be entirely discarded, external economic interactions were not as tightly controlled as has been supposed—Teotihuacan did not strictly control the export of green obsidian, for instance. Ultimately, Hirth proposed that Teotihuacan's external economic relations are best explained by a model of corporate commercialism directed by elites.
Debora Nichols of Dartmouth College began the day's second session with a talk on the political, economic, and social factors that structured Teotihuacan's interactions with its hinterlands: "Early States and Hinterlands: Teotihuacan and Central Mexico." While these interactions have typically been interpreted as highly centralized, Nichols sought to reevaluate this view using recent surveys and research. The flow of individuals in and out of the city, she asserted, was constantly being affected not only by market-based concerns, but also by natural disasters that forced abrupt settlement pattern changes.
Nichols ended her talk by examining regional administrative centers, sites like Cerro Portezuelo that played a role in the distribution of goods. It remains unclear whether the sites were established by the city, and if their operations were directed by the state. Evidence of ceramic sourcing at Cerro Portezuelo, however, seems to undermine the solar model of economic distribution—wherein all goods flow in and then out of Teotihuacan, directed by an administrative hierarchy—and suggest that Teotihuacan didn't necessarily direct regional economies.
Gabriela Uruñuela of the Universidad de las Americas, Puebla, next delivered a paper cowritten with Patricia Plunket, of the same institution. "Interwoven Discourses" explored Teotihuacan's interaction with Cholula, another great Classic period center in Mesoamerica's central highlands. While we know comparatively little about Cholula and its size and internal organization, an analysis of its art and architecture in comparison with those of Teotihuacan, Uruñuela suggested, can help us understand how the two sites publicly demonstrated power and ideology.
Notably, Uruñuela described the relation between the two sites' art and architecture as "similar rhythms but different lyrics." A comparison of the Moon Pyramid and Tlachihualtepetl, the Great Pyramid of Cholula, for instance, shows that both underwent a multistage building period, with similar modifications made in each stage. And in mural painting, Uruñuela contended, the styles of the two cities were so similar that "the themes that each wanted to express resulted in the difference of the murals, nothing else."
Nawa Sugiyama of George Mason University next delivered a paper cowritten with William Fash of Harvard University and Barbara Fash of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. "The Maya at Teotihuacan?" offered new insights into Teotihuacan-Maya interactions, examining evidence unearthed at the Plaza of the Columns Complex in 2016 and 2017.
While evidence of Teotihuacan influence in Mayan political centers is bountiful, evidence of the presence of foreign dignitaries in the Teotihuacan heartland is much sparser. Describing the exceptions to this state of affairs, Sugiyama discussed the discovery of three individuals with Maya jewelry inside a dedicatory cache at the Moon Pyramid, the second-largest pyramid in Teotihuacan, and mural paintings that depict numerous characteristically Mayan personages and glyphic elements. The largest section of Sugiyama's talk focused on mural fragments recently discovered at the Plaza of the Columns Complex, exciting finds, Sugiyama explained, that "are so faithful to the Mayan tradition, they are almost certainly the work of Maya artists."
Matthew Robb of the Fowler Museum at the University of California, Los Angeles, closed the first day's proceedings with a discussion of curious four-part composite sculptures discovered in Teotihuacan that link the city to contemporaneous sites on the Gulf Coast. "Interlaced Scrolls and Feathered Banners" offered a detailed analysis of the archaeological, aesthetic, and social contexts of these sculptures.
Suggesting that similar sculptures were in fact stone versions of feathered banners, Robb parsed their potential significance, dwelling on the modularity of the markers and positing that they might have been disassembled and moved about on a regular basis. As markers of space, the sculptures might have played a social and ceremonial role—"perhaps we're dealing with a system where two individual markers had to be brought together from two communities to properly define a space"—while as markers of culture the sculptures signal interactions between Teotihuacan and sites like El Tajín, on the Gulf Coast, and Tikal.
Wesley Stoner of the University of Arkansas delivered a paper cowritten with Marc Marino of the same institution, opening the symposium's third section. "Disembedded Networks of Interaction between Teotihuacan and the Gulf Lowlands" focused on the material evidence of Teotihuacan presence in the region.
Dividing manifestations of Teotihuacan-related interaction into five classes—political, economic, ceramic homologues, household religion, and state religion—Stoner and Marino schematized the interactions between Teotihuacan and several sites in the Gulf Lowlands, including Matacapan. Presenting a diversity index that showed greater or lesser assimilation of Teotihuacan culture at each studied site, Stoner and Marino dissected the unitary concept of Teotihuacan expansion, showing how some sites, for instance, exhibited a bias in appropriation, accepting some aspects of influence, like economic interaction, while rejecting others.
Following this, Gary Feinman of the Field Museum of Natural History presented a paper cowritten with Linda Nichols of the same institution. "Teotihuacan and Oaxaca: A Synthetic Reevaluation of Prehispanic Relations" reexamined the city's ties with Monte Albán, another monumental highland city. The Oaxaca barrio in Teotihuacan was a five-hectare zone that held roughly fourteen multifamily compounds and 800–1,000 people. With a long occupation history beginning around the year 200 and ending with the decline of the city, the barrio, Feinman asserted, is an important point of study when researching Teotihuacan's external mechanisms of communication and interaction.
Feinman noted that high volumes of exotic pottery have been found in the barrio, suggesting exchange as a raison d'être for the colony. Ceramics, he contended, were used to connect the resident population to Oaxaca through rituals of birth, death, and perhaps even the solar cycle, as evidenced by the presence of ceramic whistles. Residential architecture in the barrio likewise related to contemporaneous architecture in the valley of Oaxaca.
Marcello Canuto of Tulane University and the Middle American Research Institute next delivered a paper cowritten with Marc Zender, also of Tulane University. "The Materiality of Hegemony" sought to investigate interactions between Teotihuacan and the lowland Maya by examining iconographic allusions and inscriptions on stelae. As Canuto explained, bountiful evidence in Maya art and writing suggests Teotihuacan influence throughout the Early Classic period. But how best to characterize this relationship?
In an attempt to answer this question, a large part of the paper considered stele inscriptions that tracked the progress of Siyaj K'ahk', a Teotihuacan general, into the political landscape of the lowland Maya in the Early Classic period. The inscriptions recorded a variety of event types, including the subordination of local rulers to Siyaj K'ahk'; together, they allow for a general map of his route to be limned, one that manifests as a pipe-shaped path from Teotihuacan to Tikal. The arrival of Siyaj K'ahk', Canuto and Zender suggested, would seem to presage a newly hegemonic relationship between Teotihuacan and the lowland Maya.
To begin the symposium's final section, Diana Magaloni of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art delivered a paper cowritten with Megan O'Neil of the same institution and María Teresa Uriarte of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. "The Moving Image" delved into the relationship between murals and stucco-painted vessels in order to illuminate the nature of artistic exchange between Teotihuacan and Maya cities. At Teotihuacan, stucco vessels and murals were intimately tied to the apartment compounds, and shared the same color schemes. Magaloni's paper contended that the stucco vessels constituted a hybrid form integrating ceramics with the mural tradition, capable of transporting the image of the city to distant lands.
Magaloni's talk also dissected the composition of the vessels, presenting the results of technical analysis carried out at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Most vessels were finished twice, and received their coloring from substances like cinnabar, malachite, and hematite; carbon black was used to emphasize incised lines in the stucco. Overall, Magaloni explained, the artists crafting the vessels privileged color over permanence.
Claudia García-Des Lauriers of the California State Polytechnic University at Pomona next delivered a talk that examined Early Classic period (AD 250–650) interactions between Teotihuacan and the southeastern Pacific coast of Mesoamerica. "Gods, Cacao, and Obsidian" looked at material evidence linking Teotihuacan and coastal sites, including Teotihuacan-style vessels and green obsidian beads found in Izapa, Chiapas—evidence, as García-Des Lauriers contended, that elite goods were being imported, and not simply ceramics. She also highlighted the importance of shells gathered from coastal cities that were used in Teotihuacan murals and warrior trophies, as well as being abundant in the city's famed apartment compounds.
While the presence of cacao in Teotihuacan is difficult to document archaeologically, there is abundant evidence that the bean was important to the city. García-Des Lauriers closed by discussing the exchange of incensarios between regions as evidence for the circulation of religious ideas and practices, a ritual economy that would have encouraged consumption of certain goods.
Barbara Arroyo of the Instituto de Antropología e Historia, Guatemala, delivered the final talk of the symposium, "Teotihuacan, Kaminaljuyu, and the Maya Highlands: New Perspectives on an Old Question." Working with recent research and new composite data sets, Arroyo sought to update our understanding of the interactions between the two sites, which have been intensely studied since early excavations in the 1930s unearthed Central Mexican ceramics in mounds at Kaminaljuyu.
Kaminaljuyu's important strategic position in the Maya Highlands, as Arroyo explained, meant it stood in the path of important trade networks; the site's long history of occupation, from roughly 1000 BC to AD 900, meant its interactions with other societies were extensive. Structural similarities between Kaminaljuyu and Teotihuacan, like their agricultural canals, layouts, and architectural compounds, probably facilitated interactions: "the symbolic meaning of landscape was an important factor shared between these cities." As Arroyo contended, these symbolic first steps might later have materialized into strong commercial connections.
After Arroyo's talk, William Fash of Harvard University presented an insightful summary of the symposium's key issues.
Pre-Columbian Symposium