text:
package com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.volatility.local;

import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.assertEquals;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.BoundaryCondition;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.ConvectionDiffusionPDE1DCoefficients;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.ConvectionDiffusionPDESolver;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.DirichletBoundaryCondition;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.ExponentialMeshing;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.HyperbolicMeshing;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.MeshingFunction;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.NeumannBoundaryCondition;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.PDE1DDataBundle;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.PDEGrid1D;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.PDEResults1D;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.ThetaMethodFiniteDifference;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.applications.InitialConditionsProvider;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.applications.PDE1DCoefficientsProvider;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.finitedifference.applications.PDEUtilityTools;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.interestrate.curve.ForwardCurve;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.option.pricing.analytic.formula.EuropeanVanillaOption;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.volatility.BlackFormulaRepository;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.volatility.smile.function.SABRFormulaData;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.volatility.smile.function.SABRHaganVolatilityFunction;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.volatility.surface.BlackVolatilitySurfaceConverter;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.volatility.surface.BlackVolatilitySurfaceMoneyness;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.volatility.surface.BlackVolatilitySurfaceStrike;
import com.opengamma.analytics.financial.model.volatility.surface.PriceSurface;
import com.opengamma.analytics.math.function.Function;
import com.opengamma.analytics.math.function.Function1D;
import com.opengamma.analytics.math.interpolation.CombinedInterpolatorExtrapolator;
import com.opengamma.analytics.math.interpolation.DoubleQuadraticInterpolator1D;
import com.opengamma.analytics.math.interpolation.FlatExtrapolator1D;
import com.opengamma.analytics.math.interpolation.GridInterpolator2D;
import com.opengamma.analytics.math.interpolation.data.Interpolator1DDoubleQuadraticDataBundle;
import com.opengamma.analytics.math.surface.FunctionalDoublesSurface;
import com.opengamma.util.test.TestGroup;

/**
 * Test.
 */
@Test(groups = TestGroup.UNIT)
public class DupireLocalVolatilityTest {

  private static final DoubleQuadraticInterpolator1D INTERPOLATOR_1D = new DoubleQuadraticInterpolator1D();
  private static final CombinedInterpolatorExtrapolator EXTRAPOLATOR_1D = new CombinedInterpolatorExtrapolator(INTERPOLATOR_1D, new FlatExtrapolator1D());
  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
  private static final GridInterpolator2D GRID_INTERPOLATOR2D = new GridInterpolator2D(EXTRAPOLATOR_1D, EXTRAPOLATOR_1D);

  private static final DupireLocalVolatilityCalculator DUPIRE = new DupireLocalVolatilityCalculator();
  private static final SABRHaganVolatilityFunction SABR = new SABRHaganVolatilityFunction();
  private static final double SPOT = 0.04;
  private static final double STRIKE = 0.05;
  private static final double EXPIRY = 5.0;
  private static final double ATM_VOL = 0.2;
  private static final double ALPHA;
  private static final double BETA = 0.5;
  private static final double RHO = -0.2;
  private static final double NU = 0.3;
  //  private static final SABRFormulaData SABR_DATA;
  private static final double RATE = 0.05; //turn back to 5%
  private static final double YIELD = 0.02;
  private static final ForwardCurve FORWARD_CURVE = new ForwardCurve(SPOT, RATE - YIELD);

  private static final PriceSurface PRICE_SURFACE;
  private static final BlackVolatilitySurfaceStrike SABR_SURFACE;
  private static AbsoluteLocalVolatilitySurface ABS_LOCAL_VOL;
  private static LocalVolatilitySurfaceStrike LOCAL_VOL;
  /**
   *
   */
  static {
    ALPHA = ATM_VOL * Math.pow(SPOT, 1 - BETA);
    //   SABR_DATA = new SABRFormulaData(ALPHA, BETA, RHO, NU);

    final Function<Double, Double> sabrSurface = new Function<Double, Double>() {

      @SuppressWarnings("synthetic-access")
      @Override
      public Double evaluate(final Double... x) {
        final double t = x[0];
        final double k = x[1];
        final SABRFormulaData sabrdata = new SABRFormulaData(ALPHA, BETA, RHO, NU);
        final EuropeanVanillaOption option = new EuropeanVanillaOption(k, t, true);
        final Function1D<SABRFormulaData, Double> func = SABR.getVolatilityFunction(option, FORWARD_CURVE.getForward(t));
        return func.evaluate(sabrdata);
      }
    };

    SABR_SURFACE = new BlackVolatilitySurfaceStrike(FunctionalDoublesSurface.from(sabrSurface));

    final Function<Double, Double> priceSurface = new Function<Double, Double>() {

      @Override
      public Double evaluate(final Double... tk) {
        final double t = tk[0];
        final double k = tk[1];
        final double sigma = sabrSurface.evaluate(tk);
        final double df = Math.exp(-RATE * t);
        @SuppressWarnings("synthetic-access")
        final double price = BlackFormulaRepository.price(FORWARD_CURVE.getForward(t), k, t, sigma, true);
        if (Double.isNaN(price)) {
          System.out.println("Error");
        }
        return price * df;
      }
    };

    PRICE_SURFACE = new PriceSurface(FunctionalDoublesSurface.from(priceSurface));

    LOCAL_VOL = DUPIRE.getLocalVolatility(SABR_SURFACE, FORWARD_CURVE);
    ABS_LOCAL_VOL = DUPIRE.getAbsoluteLocalVolatilitySurface(SABR_SURFACE, SPOT, RATE);

  }

  @Test
  public void testImpliedVolCal() {
    final LocalVolatilitySurfaceStrike lv = DUPIRE.getLocalVolatility(PRICE_SURFACE, SPOT, RATE, YIELD);
    final double vol1 = lv.getVolatility(EXPIRY, STRIKE);
    final double vol2 = LOCAL_VOL.getVolatility(EXPIRY, STRIKE);
    assertEquals(vol1, vol2, 1e-6);
  }

  @Test
  public void testImpliedVolMoneynessCal() {
    final LocalVolatilitySurfaceStrike lv = DUPIRE.getLocalVolatility(PRICE_SURFACE, SPOT, RATE, YIELD);
    final double vol1 = lv.getVolatility(EXPIRY, STRIKE);
    final BlackVolatilitySurfaceMoneyness miv = BlackVolatilitySurfaceConverter.toMoneynessSurface(SABR_SURFACE, FORWARD_CURVE);
    final LocalVolatilitySurfaceMoneyness lvm = DUPIRE.getLocalVolatility(miv);
    final double vol2 = lvm.getVolatility(EXPIRY, STRIKE);
    assertEquals(vol1, vol2, 1e-6);
  }

  @Test(enabled = false)
  public void printSurfaces() {
    final SABRHaganVolatilityFunction sabr = new SABRHaganVolatilityFunction();
    final double k = 0.01;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      final double t = 0.5 + i * 20 / 9.;
      final double vol1 = SABR_SURFACE.getVolatility(t, k);
      final double vol2 = sabr.getVolatility(SPOT, k, t, ALPHA, BETA, RHO, NU);
      System.out.println(t + "\t" + vol1 + "\t" + vol2);
    }
    PDEUtilityTools.printSurface("Imp Vol", SABR_SURFACE.getSurface(), 0., 5., 0.1 * SPOT, 3 * SPOT);
    PDEUtilityTools.printSurface("Loc Vol", LOCAL_VOL.getSurface(), 0., 5., 0.1 * SPOT, 3 * SPOT);
    PDEUtilityTools.printSurface("ABs Loc Vol", ABS_LOCAL_VOL.getSurface(), 0., 5., 0.1 * SPOT, 3 * SPOT);
  }

  @Test
  public void pdePriceTest() {
    final PDE1DCoefficientsProvider pde_provider = new PDE1DCoefficientsProvider();
    final InitialConditionsProvider int_provider = new InitialConditionsProvider();
    //final ZZConvectionDiffusionPDEDataBundle db = provider.getBackwardsLocalVol(STRIKE, EXPIRY, true, LOCAL_VOL, FORWARD_CURVE);
    final ConvectionDiffusionPDE1DCoefficients pde = pde_provider.getBackwardsLocalVol(FORWARD_CURVE, EXPIRY, LOCAL_VOL);
    final Function1D<Double, Double> payoff = int_provider.getEuropeanPayoff(STRIKE, true);
    final ConvectionDiffusionPDESolver solver = new ThetaMethodFiniteDifference(0.5, false);
    final double forward = FORWARD_CURVE.getForward(EXPIRY);

    final int nTimeNodes = 50;
    final int nSpotNodes = 100;
    final double upperLevel = 3.5 * forward;

    final BoundaryCondition lower = new DirichletBoundaryCondition(0, 0);
    final BoundaryCondition upper = new NeumannBoundaryCondition(1.0, upperLevel, false);
    final MeshingFunction timeMesh = new ExponentialMeshing(0.0, EXPIRY, nTimeNodes, 6.0);
    final MeshingFunction spaceMesh = new HyperbolicMeshing(0, upperLevel, STRIKE, nSpotNodes, 0.05);
    final PDEGrid1D grid = new PDEGrid1D(timeMesh, spaceMesh);
    final PDEResults1D res = solver.solve(new PDE1DDataBundle<>(pde, payoff, lower, upper, grid));

    final int fwdIndex = grid.getLowerBoundIndexForSpace(forward);
    final double[] fwd = new double[4];
    final double[] vol = new double[4];
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
      fwd[i] = grid.getSpaceNode(i + fwdIndex - 1);
      final double price = res.getFunctionValue(i + fwdIndex - 1);
      vol[i] = BlackFormulaRepository.impliedVolatility(price, fwd[i], STRIKE, EXPIRY, true);
    }
    final Interpolator1DDoubleQuadraticDataBundle idb = INTERPOLATOR_1D.getDataBundle(fwd, vol);

    final double sabrVol = SABR_SURFACE.getVolatility(EXPIRY, STRIKE);
    final double modelVol = INTERPOLATOR_1D.interpolate(idb, forward);
    assertEquals("Volatility test", sabrVol, modelVol, 1e-4); //1bps error
  }

  @Test(enabled = false)
  public void printPriceTest() {

    double t;
    double k;
    double price;

    for (int j = 0; j < 101; j++) {
      t = 0.01 + 5.0 * j / 100.0;
      System.out.print("\t" + t);
    }
    System.out.print("\n");

    for (int i = 0; i < 101; i++) {
      k = 0.001 + 0.15 * i / 100.0;
      System.out.print(k);
      for (int j = 0; j < 101; j++) {
        t = 0.01 + 5.0 * j / 100.0;
        price = PRICE_SURFACE.getPrice(t, k);
        System.out.print("\t" + price);
      }
      System.out.print("\n");
    }
  }

  @Test(enabled = false)
  public void priceTest() {
    final DupireLocalVolatilityCalculator cal = new DupireLocalVolatilityCalculator();
    final LocalVolatilitySurfaceStrike locVol = cal.getLocalVolatility(PRICE_SURFACE, SPOT, RATE, 0.0);
    double t;
    double f;
    double vol;

    for (int j = 0; j < 101; j++) {
      t = 0.01 + 5.0 * j / 100.0;
      System.out.print("\t" + t);
    }
    System.out.print("\n");

    for (int i = 0; i < 101; i++) {
      f = 0.001 + 0.15 * i / 100.0;
      System.out.print(f);
      for (int j = 0; j < 101; j++) {
        t = 0.01 + 5.0 * j / 100.0;
        vol = locVol.getVolatility(t, f);
        System.out.print("\t" + vol);
      }
      System.out.print("\n");
    }
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
  @Test(enabled = false)
  public void volTest() {
    final DupireLocalVolatilityCalculator cal = new DupireLocalVolatilityCalculator();
    final LocalVolatilitySurfaceStrike locVol = cal.getLocalVolatility(SABR_SURFACE, SPOT, RATE);
    double t;
    double f;
    double vol;

    for (int j = 0; j < 101; j++) {
      t = 0.01 + 5.0 * j / 100.0;
      System.out.print("\t" + t);
    }
    System.out.print("\n");

    for (int i = 0; i < 101; i++) {
      f = 0.001 + 0.15 * i / 100.0;
      System.out.print(f);
      for (int j = 0; j < 101; j++) {
        t = 0.01 + 5.0 * j / 100.0;
        vol = locVol.getVolatility(t, f);
        System.out.print("\t" + vol);
      }
      System.out.print("\n");
    }
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Genesis 29-31 Family Friction with Fertile Wives & Herds
Psalm 6:5-10 Dead Men Don't Praise
6:1 A Psalm by David "Yahweh, don't rebuke me in Your anger, neither discipline me in Your wrath. 2 Have mercy on me, Yahweh, for I am faint. Yahweh, heal me, for my bones are troubled. 3 My soul is also in great anguish. But You, Yahweh—how long? 4 Return, Yahweh. Deliver my soul, and save me for Your hesed/loyal covenantal love. 5 For in death there is no memory of You. In Sheol, who shall give You thanks? 6 I am weary with my groaning. Every night I flood my bed. I drench my couch with my tears. 7 My eye wastes away because of grief. It grows old because of all my adversaries. 8 Depart from me, all you workers of iniquity, for Yahweh has heard the voice of my weeping. 9 Yahweh has heard my supplication. Yahweh accepts my prayer. 10 May all my enemies be ashamed and dismayed. They shall turn back, they shall be disgraced suddenly."
Observations: 6:1-4 David appeals to God's hesed or loyal covenantal love as the basis for being saved from the consequences of his sin that has angered God. See Genesis 26-28 post for more.
6:5-10 David gives an additional reason why God should save/deliver him from His enemies, he will praise and thank God, for His help, magnifying and glorifying His name. David supports his cause with heartfelt repentance and tears. He expresses a triple confidence in the fact that God has heard and accepted His prayer, and will soon deliver him. Then his enemies, which God has allowed to temporarily triumph, will be disgraced.
Application: When reaping the consequences of sin, it's always a good time to repent, call out to God for help, and plan on praising Him for His salvation of you.
Prayer: Gracious God, I praise You for being a compassionate God who is loyal to His people, and who saves them from the consequences of sin when they repent; I'm sorry to have strayed, please forgive and restore me for Your glory's sake; which I vow to praise. Thanks. Amen.
Proverbs 2:11-13 Plan Your Paths
2:11 "Discretion will watch over you. Understanding will keep you, 12 to deliver you from the way of evil, from the men who speak perverse things; 13 who forsake the paths of uprightness, to walk in the ways of darkness;"
Observations: 2:11-13 When one fears God and embraces wisdom, discretion and insight will protect and deliver. Proverbs was designed to give discretion or purpose to the naive simpletons (Proverbs 1:4). Discretion comes from a root meaning plan or purpose. Having a godly plan for one's life and day keeps one out of trouble. Insight helps one recognize the good from bad, but also the best course of action to take. The two characteristics of evil men in this section are: perverse speech, and departure for the paths of uprightness to slink in the streets of darkness. Note that they were on the right path, and went bad. Perverse speech is twisted and turned from the truth, and might sound very pious to those not trained by wisdom. The path of uprightness can sometimes get tiring, and we can be tempted to take a detour into darkness, but having the right plan and God's insight, keeps us safely on track.
Application: Plan your paths to get you to what is pleasing in God's sight, or you'll wind up slinking along the streets of sin with evil companions.
Prayer: God, may Your truth guide my plans and steps today, and protect me from the enticements of the evil. Amen.
Genesis 29 The Deceiver Gets Deceived and Four Sons
29:1 "Then Jacob went on his journey, and came to the land of the children of the east. 13 It happened, when Laban heard the news of Jacob, his sister's son, that he ran to meet Jacob, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. Jacob told Laban all these things. 16 Laban had two daughters. The name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel. 17 Leah's eyes were weak, but Rachel was beautiful in form and attractive. 18 Jacob loved Rachel. He said, "I will serve you seven years for Rachel, your younger daughter." 20 Jacob served seven years for Rachel. They seemed to him but a few days, for the love he had for her. 21 Jacob said to Laban, "Give me my wife, for my days are fulfilled, that I may go in to her."
22 Laban gathered together all the men of the place, and made a feast. 23 It happened in the evening, that he took Leah his daughter, and brought her to him. He went in to her. 24 Laban gave Zilpah his handmaid to his daughter Leah for a handmaid. 25 It happened in the morning that, behold, it was Leah. He said to Laban, "What is this you have done to me? Didn't I serve with you for Rachel? Why then have you deceived me?" 26 Laban said, "It is not done so in our place, to give the younger before the firstborn. 27 Fulfill the week of this one, and we will give you the other also for the service which you will serve with me yet seven other years." 28 Jacob did so, and fulfilled her week. He gave him Rachel his daughter as wife. 29 Laban gave to Rachel his daughter Bilhah, his handmaid, to be her handmaid. 30 He went in also to Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him yet seven other years. 31 Yahweh saw that Leah was hated, and he opened her womb, but Rachel was barren. 32 Leah conceived, and bore: Reuben...Simeon...Levi....Judah. Then she stopped bearing."
Observations: In the Ancient Near East (as in most parts of the world) religion was centered around fertility for crops, herds, and family. Without it, you die. These chapters make it clear that Yahweh is the author of life.
The parallels between Isaac and Jacob's lives are numerous and intended, and foreshadow a lot of the Exodus generation's experiences.
29:20 When we're passionate about something, work is play.
29:25 Surprise! The deceiver gets deceived. Talionic (retaliation) retributive justice pays back in kind, poetically. The punishment matches the crime.
Application: Don't do to others what you don't want done to yourself.
Prayer: God of Justice, I praise You for being infinitely just. You will set things right. Amen.
Genesis 30 Family Friction with Fertile Wives & Herds
30:1 "When Rachel saw that she bore Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister. She said to Jacob, "Give me children, or else I will die." 2 Jacob's anger was kindled against Rachel, and he said, "Am I in God's place, who has withheld from you the fruit of the womb?" 3 She said, "Behold, my maid Bilhah. Go in to her, that she may bear on my knees, and I also may obtain children by her." 6 Rachel said, "God has judged me, and has also heard my voice, and has given me a son." Therefore called she his name Dan...Naphtali. 9 When Leah saw that she had finished bearing, she took Zilpah, her handmaid, and gave her to Jacob as a wife....Gad...Asher. 16 Jacob came from the field in the evening, and Leah went out to meet him, and said, "You must come in to me; for I have surely hired you with my son's mandrakes." He lay with her that night. 17 God listened to Leah, and she conceived, and bore Jacob a fifth son...Issachar. 19 Leah conceived again, and bore a sixth son to Jacob. 20 Leah said, "God has endowed me with a good dowry. Now my husband will live with me, because I have borne him six sons." She named him Zebulun. 21 Afterwards, she bore a daughter, and named her Dinah.
22 God remembered Rachel, and God listened to her, and opened her womb. 23 She conceived, bore a son, and said, "God has taken away my reproach." 24 She named him Joseph, saying, "May Yahweh add another son to me." 25 It happened, when Rachel had borne Joseph, that Jacob said to Laban, "Send me away, that I may go to my own place, and to my country. 26 Give me my wives and my children for whom I have served you, and let me go; for you know my service with which I have served you." 27 Laban said to him, "If now I have found favor in your eyes, stay here, for I have divined that Yahweh has blessed me for your sake." 28 He said, "Appoint me your wages, and I will give it." 29 He said to him, "You know how I have served you, and how your livestock have fared with me. 30 For it was little which you had before I came, and it has increased to a multitude. Yahweh has blessed you wherever I turned. Now when will I provide for my own house also?" 31 He said, "What shall I give you?" Jacob said, "You shall not give me anything. If you will do this thing for me, I will again feed your flock and keep it. 32 I will pass through all your flock today, removing from there every speckled and spotted one, and every black one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats. This will be my hire... 41 It happened, whenever the stronger of the flock conceived, that Jacob laid the rods before the eyes of the flock in the gutters, that they might conceive among the rods; 42 but when the flock were feeble, he didn't put them in. So the feebler were Laban's, and the stronger Jacob's. 43 The man increased exceedingly, and had large flocks, female servants and male servants, and camels and donkeys."
Observations: Playing favorites, and getting worth and value apart from God always causes problems. Jacob gets twelve kids (one more to come) and family problems. Nevertheless, God continues to bless him as promised, so that it is obvious to others. This is the role that Israel (and believers today) should play.
30:41 Selective breeding told to Jacob by God in 31:12 gave prosperity. The rods could have had nutrients in them.
Lexical Light: 30:24 Joseph = Yahweh shall add, the verb is imperfect. Hebrew has two verb tenses: perfect (completed action usually in the past) and imperfect (ongoing action, usually in the future). It also has a bunch of stems to make things more specific (and complicated). So it looks like Rachel is expressing faith in God giving another son...Benjamin in Genesis 35:18.
Genesis 31 God Does More Than Watch
31:2 "Jacob saw the expression on Laban's face, and, behold, it was not toward him as before. 3 Yahweh said to Jacob, "Return to the land of your fathers, and to your relatives, and I will be with you." 4 Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field to his flock, 5...but the God of my father has been with me. 6 You know that I have served your father with all of my strength. 7 Your father has deceived me, and changed my wages ten times, but God didn't allow him to hurt me...10 It happened during mating season that I lifted up my eyes, and saw in a dream, and behold, the male goats which leaped on the flock were streaked, speckled, and grizzled. 11 The angel of God said to me in the dream...12 'lift up your eyes, and behold, all the male goats which leap on the flock are streaked, speckled, and grizzled, for I have seen all that Laban does to you. 13 I am the God of Bethel, where you anointed a pillar, where you vowed a vow to me. Now arise, get out from this land, and return to the land of your birth.'" 14 Rachel and Leah answered him, "Is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father's house?...19 Now Laban had gone to shear his sheep: and Rachel stole the teraphim (idols) that were her father's.20 Jacob deceived Laban the Syrian, in that he didn't tell him that he was running away...24 God came to Laban, the Syrian, in a dream of the night, and said to him, "Take heed to yourself that you don't speak to Jacob either good or bad."
26 Laban said to Jacob, "What have you done, that you have deceived me, and carried away my daughters like captives of the sword? 29 It is in the power of my hand to hurt you, but the God of your father spoke to me last night, saying, 'Take heed to yourself that you don't speak to Jacob either good or bad.' 30 Now, you want to be gone, because you greatly longed for your father's house, but why have you stolen my gods?" 31 Jacob answered Laban, "Because I was afraid, for I said, 'Lest you should take your daughters from me by force.' 32 Anyone you find your gods with shall not live. Before our relatives, discern what is yours with me, and take it." For Jacob didn't know that Rachel had stolen them. 34 Now Rachel had taken the teraphim, put them in the camel's saddle, and sat on them. Laban felt about all the tent, but didn't find them. 35 She said to her father, "Don't let my lord be angry that I can't rise up before you; for I'm having my period." He searched, but didn't find the teraphim. 36 Jacob was angry, and argued with Laban. Jacob answered Laban, "What is my trespass? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued after me? 37 Now that you have felt around in all my stuff, what have you found of all your household stuff? Set it here before my relatives and your relatives, that they may judge between us two. 38 "These twenty years I have been with you...42 Unless the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me, surely now you would have sent me away empty. God has seen my affliction and the labor of my hands, and rebuked you last night." 49 Mizpah, for he said, "Yahweh watch between me and you, when we are absent one from another...52 May this heap be a witness, and the pillar be a witness, that I will not pass over this heap to you, and that you will not pass over this heap and this pillar to me, for harm. 53 The God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge between us." Then Jacob swore by the fear of his father, Isaac. 54 Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his relatives to eat bread. They ate bread, and stayed all night in the mountain. 55 Early in the morning, Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them. Laban departed and returned to his place."
Observation: 31:12 God sees the injustice (which He hates) and will rectify it for the righteous.
31:13 Like Jacob, Israel returned from "exile" and unjust treatment with great blessing.
31:19 Apparently not trusting Yahweh for her protection and inheritance, Rachel (whose character is clearly inferior to her beauty) steals her father's idols (which were symbols of both protection and inheritance).
31:49 Mizpah (means watchtower) was a warning between enemies, not a blessing between friends.
31:53 Two gods are in view ("judge" is plural). Nahor (Abe's grandfather) was an idolater.
Application: Respond to unjust treatment by entrusting your welfare to the God Who Judges Righteously and doing what is righteous.
Prayer: God Who Judges Righteously, help me do what's right with all my heart, and leave settling the score to You. Amen.
God in a nutshell: He sees and acts justly to protect and bless His people, even when they are imperfect (that's grace). He is also in charge of fertility and prosperity. He will let the blessing of His people spill over on the unrighteous, for His purposes. He can communicate with and prosper idolaters.
Us in a nutshell: We're not always a prize package, frequently causing our own pain.
Genesis 29-31 complete text
29:1 "Then Jacob went on his journey, and came to the land of the children of the east. 2 He looked, and behold, a well in the field, and, behold, three flocks of sheep lying there by it. For out of that well they watered the flocks. The stone on the well's mouth was large. 3 There all the flocks were gathered. They rolled the stone from the well's mouth, and watered the sheep, and put the stone again on the well's mouth in its place. 4 Jacob said to them, "My relatives, where are you from?" They said, "We are from Haran." 5 He said to them, "Do you know Laban, the son of Nahor?" They said, "We know him." 6 He said to them, "Is it well with him?" They said, "It is well. See, Rachel, his daughter, is coming with the sheep." 7 He said, "Behold, it is still the middle of the day, not time to gather the livestock together. Water the sheep, and go and feed them." 8 They said, "We can't, until all the flocks are gathered together, and they roll the stone from the well's mouth. Then we water the sheep." 9 While he was yet speaking with them, Rachel came with her father's sheep, for she kept them. 10 It happened, when Jacob saw Rachel the daughter of Laban, his mother's brother, and the sheep of Laban, his mother's brother, that Jacob went near, and rolled the stone from the well's mouth, and watered the flock of Laban his mother's brother. 11 Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept. 12 Jacob told Rachel that he was her father's brother, and that he was Rebekah's son. She ran and told her father. 13 It happened, when Laban heard the news of Jacob, his sister's son, that he ran to meet Jacob, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. Jacob told Laban all these things. 14 Laban said to him, "Surely you are my bone and my flesh." He lived with him for a month. 15 Laban said to Jacob, "Because you are my brother, should you therefore serve me for nothing? Tell me, what will your wages be?" 16 Laban had two daughters. The name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel. 17 Leah's eyes were weak, but Rachel was beautiful in form and attractive. 18 Jacob loved Rachel. He said, "I will serve you seven years for Rachel, your younger daughter." 19 Laban said, "It is better that I give her to you, than that I should give her to another man. Stay with me." 20 Jacob served seven years for Rachel. They seemed to him but a few days, for the love he had for her. 21 Jacob said to Laban, "Give me my wife, for my days are fulfilled, that I may go in to her." 22 Laban gathered together all the men of the place, and made a feast. 23 It happened in the evening, that he took Leah his daughter, and brought her to him. He went in to her. 24 Laban gave Zilpah his handmaid to his daughter Leah for a handmaid. 25 It happened in the morning that, behold, it was Leah. He said to Laban, "What is this you have done to me? Didn't I serve with you for Rachel? Why then have you deceived me?" 26 Laban said, "It is not done so in our place, to give the younger before the firstborn. 27 Fulfill the week of this one, and we will give you the other also for the service which you will serve with me yet seven other years." 28 Jacob did so, and fulfilled her week. He gave him Rachel his daughter as wife. 29 Laban gave to Rachel his daughter Bilhah, his handmaid, to be her handmaid.30 He went in also to Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him yet seven other years. 31 Yahweh saw that Leah was hated, and he opened her womb, but Rachel was barren. 32 Leah conceived, and bore a son, and she named him Reuben. For she said, "Because Yahweh has looked at my affliction. For now my husband will love me." 33 She conceived again, and bore a son, and said, "Because Yahweh has heard that I am hated, he has therefore given me this son also." She named him Simeon.34 She conceived again, and bore a son. Said, "Now this time will my husband be joined to me, because I have borne him three sons." Therefore his name was called Levi. 35 She conceived again, and bore a son. She said, "This time will I praise Yahweh." Therefore she named him Judah. Then she stopped bearing."
30:1 "When Rachel saw that she bore Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister. She said to Jacob, "Give me children, or else I will die." 2 Jacob's anger was kindled against Rachel, and he said, "Am I in God's place, who has withheld from you the fruit of the womb?" 3 She said, "Behold, my maid Bilhah. Go in to her, that she may bear on my knees, and I also may obtain children by her." 4 She gave him Bilhah her handmaid as wife, and Jacob went in to her. 5 Bilhah conceived, and bore Jacob a son. 6 Rachel said, "God has judged me, and has also heard my voice, and has given me a son." Therefore called she his name Dan. 7 Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid, conceived again, and bore Jacob a second son. 8 Rachel said, "With mighty wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister, and have prevailed." She named him Naphtali. 9 When Leah saw that she had finished bearing, she took Zilpah, her handmaid, and gave her to Jacob as a wife. 10 Zilpah, Leah's handmaid, bore Jacob a son. 11 Leah said, "How fortunate!" She named him Gad. 12 Zilpah, Leah's handmaid, bore Jacob a second son. 13 Leah said, "Happy am I, for the daughters will call me happy." She named him Asher. 14 Reuben went in the days of wheat harvest, and found mandrakes in the field, and brought them to his mother, Leah. Then Rachel said to Leah, "Please give me some of your son's mandrakes." 15 She said to her, "Is it a small matter that you have taken away my husband? Would you take away my son's mandrakes, also?" Rachel said, "Therefore he will lie with you tonight for your son's mandrakes." 16 Jacob came from the field in the evening, and Leah went out to meet him, and said, "You must come in to me; for I have surely hired you with my son's mandrakes." He lay with her that night. 17 God listened to Leah, and she conceived, and bore Jacob a fifth son. 18 Leah said, "God has given me my hire, because I gave my handmaid to my husband." She named him Issachar. 19 Leah conceived again, and bore a sixth son to Jacob. 20 Leah said, "God has endowed me with a good dowry. Now my husband will live with me, because I have borne him six sons." She named him Zebulun. 21 Afterwards, she bore a daughter, and named her Dinah. 22 God remembered Rachel, and God listened to her, and opened her womb.23 She conceived, bore a son, and said, "God has taken away my reproach." 24 She named him Joseph,* saying, "May Yahweh add another son to me." 25 It happened, when Rachel had borne Joseph, that Jacob said to Laban, "Send me away, that I may go to my own place, and to my country. 26 Give me my wives and my children for whom I have served you, and let me go; for you know my service with which I have served you." 27 Laban said to him, "If now I have found favor in your eyes, stay here, for I have divined that Yahweh has blessed me for your sake." 28 He said, "Appoint me your wages, and I will give it." 29 He said to him, "You know how I have served you, and how your livestock have fared with me. 30 For it was little which you had before I came, and it has increased to a multitude. Yahweh has blessed you wherever I turned. Now when will I provide for my own house also?" 31 He said, "What shall I give you?" Jacob said, "You shall not give me anything. If you will do this thing for me, I will again feed your flock and keep it. 32 I will pass through all your flock today, removing from there every speckled and spotted one, and every black one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats. This will be my hire. 33 So my righteousness will answer for me hereafter, when you come concerning my hire that is before you. Every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and black among the sheep, that might be with me, will be counted stolen." 34 Laban said, "Behold, let it be according to your word." 35 That day, he removed the male goats that were streaked and spotted, and all the female goats that were speckled and spotted, every one that had white in it, and all the black ones among the sheep, and gave them into the hand of his sons. 36 He set three days' journey between himself and Jacob, and Jacob fed the rest of Laban's flocks. 37 Jacob took to himself rods of fresh poplar, almond, plane tree, peeled white streaks in them, and made the white appear which was in the rods. 38 He set the rods which he had peeled opposite the flocks in the gutters in the watering-troughs where the flocks came to drink. They conceived when they came to drink. 39 The flocks conceived before the rods, and the flocks produced streaked, speckled, and spotted. 40 Jacob separated the lambs, and set the faces of the flocks toward the streaked and all the black in the flock of Laban: and he put his own droves apart, and didn't put them into Laban's flock. 41 It happened, whenever the stronger of the flock conceived, that Jacob laid the rods before the eyes of the flock in the gutters, that they might conceive among the rods; 42 but when the flock were feeble, he didn't put them in. So the feebler were Laban's, and the stronger Jacob's. 43 The man increased exceedingly, and had large flocks, female servants and male servants, and camels and donkeys."
31:1 "He heard the words of Laban's sons, saying, "Jacob has taken away all that was our father's. From that which was our father's, has he gotten all this wealth."2 Jacob saw the expression on Laban's face, and, behold, it was not toward him as before. 3 Yahweh said to Jacob, "Return to the land of your fathers, and to your relatives, and I will be with you." 4 Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field to his flock, 5 and said to them, "I see the expression on your father's face, that it is not toward me as before; but the God of my father has been with me. 6 You know that I have served your father with all of my strength. 7 Your father has deceived me, and changed my wages ten times, but God didn't allow him to hurt me. 8 If he said this, 'The speckled will be your wages,' then all the flock bore speckled. If he said this, 'The streaked will be your wages,' then all the flock bore streaked. 9 Thus God has taken away your father's livestock, and given them to me. 10 It happened during mating season that I lifted up my eyes, and saw in a dream, and behold, the male goats which leaped on the flock were streaked, speckled, and grizzled. 11 The angel of God said to me in the dream, 'Jacob,' and I said, 'Here I am.' 12 He said, 'Now lift up your eyes, and behold, all the male goats which leap on the flock are streaked, speckled, and grizzled, for I have seen all that Laban does to you. 13 I am the God of Bethel, where you anointed a pillar, where you vowed a vow to me. Now arise, get out from this land, and return to the land of your birth.'" 14 Rachel and Leah answered him, "Is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father's house? 15 Aren't we accounted by him as foreigners? For he has sold us, and has also quite devoured our money. 16 For all the riches which God has taken away from our father, that is ours and our children's. Now then, whatever God has said to you, do." 17 Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives on the camels, 18 and he took away all his livestock, and all his possessions which he had gathered, including the livestock which he had gained in Paddan Aram, to go to Isaac his father, to the land of Canaan. 19 Now Laban had gone to shear his sheep: and Rachel stole the teraphim * that were her father's. 20 Jacob deceived Laban the Syrian, in that he didn't tell him that he was running away. 21 So he fled with all that he had. He rose up, passed over the River, and set his face toward the mountain of Gilead. 22 Laban was told on the third day that Jacob had fled. 23 He took his relatives with him, and pursued after him seven days' journey. He overtook him in the mountain of Gilead. 24 God came to Laban, the Syrian, in a dream of the night, and said to him, "Take heed to yourself that you don't speak to Jacob either good or bad." 25 Laban caught up with Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the mountain, and Laban with his relatives encamped in the mountain of Gilead. 26 Laban said to Jacob, "What have you done, that you have deceived me, and carried away my daughters like captives of the sword? 27 Why did you flee secretly, and deceive me, and didn't tell me, that I might have sent you away with mirth and with songs, with tambourine and with harp; 28 and didn't allow me to kiss my sons and my daughters? Now have you done foolishly. 29 It is in the power of my hand to hurt you, but the God of your father spoke to me last night, saying, 'Take heed to yourself that you don't speak to Jacob either good or bad.' 30 Now, you want to be gone, because you greatly longed for your father's house, but why have you stolen my gods?" 31 Jacob answered Laban, "Because I was afraid, for I said, 'Lest you should take your daughters from me by force.' 32 Anyone you find your gods with shall not live. Before our relatives, discern what is yours with me, and take it." For Jacob didn't know that Rachel had stolen them. 33 Laban went into Jacob's tent, into Leah's tent, and into the tent of the two female servants; but he didn't find them. He went out of Leah's tent, and entered into Rachel's tent. 34 Now Rachel had taken the teraphim, put them in the camel's saddle, and sat on them. Laban felt about all the tent, but didn't find them. 35 She said to her father, "Don't let my lord be angry that I can't rise up before you; for I'm having my period." He searched, but didn't find the teraphim. 36 Jacob was angry, and argued with Laban. Jacob answered Laban, "What is my trespass? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued after me? 37 Now that you have felt around in all my stuff, what have you found of all your household stuff? Set it here before my relatives and your relatives, that they may judge between us two. 38 "These twenty years I have been with you. Your ewes and your female goats have not cast their young, and I haven't eaten the rams of your flocks. 39 That which was torn of animals, I didn't bring to you. I bore its loss. Of my hand you required it, whether stolen by day or stolen by night. 40 This was my situation: in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep fled from my eyes. 41 These twenty years I have been in your house. I served you fourteen years for your two daughters, and six years for your flock, and you have changed my wages ten times. 42 Unless the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me, surely now you would have sent me away empty. God has seen my affliction and the labor of my hands, and rebuked you last night." 43 Laban answered Jacob, "The daughters are my daughters, the children are my children, the flocks are my flocks, and all that you see is mine: and what can I do this day to these my daughters, or to their children whom they have borne? 44 Now come, let us make a covenant, you and I; and let it be for a witness between me and you." 45 Jacob took a stone, and set it up for a pillar. 46 Jacob said to his relatives, "Gather stones." They took stones, and made a heap. They ate there by the heap.47 Laban called it Jegar Sahadutha,† but Jacob called it Galeed.‡ 48 Laban said, "This heap is witness between me and you this day." Therefore it was named Galeed 49 and Mizpah, for he said, "Yahweh watch between me and you, when we are absent one from another. 50 If you afflict my daughters, or if you take wives besides my daughters, no man is with us; behold, God is witness between me and you." 51 Laban said to Jacob, "See this heap, and see the pillar, which I have set between me and you.52 May this heap be a witness, and the pillar be a witness, that I will not pass over this heap to you, and that you will not pass over this heap and this pillar to me, for harm.53 The God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge between us." Then Jacob swore by the fear of his father, Isaac. 54 Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his relatives to eat bread. They ate bread, and stayed all night in the mountain. 55 Early in the morning, Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them. Laban departed and returned to his place."
Labels: boast, flattery, Genesis 29-31, Jacob, Laban, Leah, lies, Proverbs 2:11-13, Psalm 6:5-10, Rachel

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Published November 12, 2019 9:08 am
Smoke prompts evacuation of Del Valle High School
YISD
EL PASO, Texas -- Smoke inside a Lower Valley high school forced the entire building to be evacuated.
Ysleta Independent School District officials confirmed to ABC-7 that the evacuation of Del Valle High School on Tuesday morning was a precaution. Officials could not confirm how many students were in the school at the time, or what caused the smoke.
El Paso Fire Department crews were called to the school to address the issue. The YISD spokesman had initially told ABC-7 there was an electrical fire, but later said he could not confirm that information.
Due to the cold temperatures, YISD transported the students by bus to nearby LeBarron Park Elementary School until the issue was resolved, said Chris Lechuga, a spokesman for the district.
Education / News / Top Stories


text:
Martin Herrmann, auch Hermann, (* 8. Dezember 1919 in Kodersdorf, Kreis Niesky; † nach 1968) war ein deutscher Politiker und Funktionär der DDR-Blockpartei Demokratische Bauernpartei Deutschlands (DBD).

Herrmanns Eltern waren Landwirte. Nach dem Besuch der Volksschule war er bis zum Kriegsende in der Landwirtschaft tätig und übernahm 1945 den elterlichen Hof. Er trat in die DBD ein und wurde in Kodersdorf LPG-Vorsitzender. Von 1954 bis 1968 war er Mitglied der DBD-Fraktion der Volkskammer der DDR.

Literatur
 Volkskammer der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, 1957, S. 320.

DBD-Funktionär
Abgeordneter der Volkskammer
LPG-Vorsitzender
Deutscher
DDR-Bürger
Geboren 1919
Gestorben im 20. oder 21. Jahrhundert
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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No matter your pest problem-- be termites, cockroaches, or rodents-- no one enjoys the sight of a insect scampering throughout their walls and hallways. After all, lots of pests are known to provide a variety of health risks, with some even known for carrying diseases into your home. Regrettably, when you find one bug that often suggests there are numerous them concealing somewhere and prepared to more infest your house. When this takes place, you'll want to work with the best exterminator around to safeguard your home.
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1) Clear her sinuses with a bulb syringe before bed. It's usually drainage that causes that "tickle", so help eliminate the source for her before going to bed. Plus, leaving that yucky stuff in there overnight is probably the number one cause of ear and sinus infections.
2) Do a eucalyptus treatment while they are in bed. The menthol (and other similar "-ol" chemicals) which are present in eucalyptus not only help curb the need to cough, but also fight airborne bacteria and viruses. I covered how to do these in my previous post; this time, just place it under your baby's crib.
3) Give your baby a lavender body rub. Just add a few drops of lavender essential oil to some oil or lotion (don't apply it plain or it will irritate your baby's skin). Lavender has great antimicrobial properties, and rubbing it into the skin is a direct means of safely introducing it into the blood stream. Plus, it is known for its relaxing properties as well. If my baby seems especially uncomfortable, I also add some chamomile. Coughing is less likely to occur during the deeper stages of sleep, so the idea is to get them into a deep sleep as quickly as possible. Lavender and chamomile are both good for that.
4) For toddlers, a sippy cup of water can be kept in the crib so that if baby should wake up at night, will she will see it and take a drink. Sometimes room-temperature water is just what she needs.
6) A note on homeopathic cough remedies: It is important to understand that while the correct way to identify a homeopathic treatment for an illness is through its symptoms, that does not mean that taking a homeopathic cough remedy will make your child stop coughing. It means they will overcome their cough more quickly. (More about homeopathic remedies in previous posts). Still, I recommend using one. We like Hyland's.
Jennifer is a Holistic Christian Doula & Birth Educator in Colorado Springs. In addition to coaching couples through Christ-centered childbirth, she also specializes in wellness coaching for prenatal and postpartum mothers and their children. She is the author of Expectant Parents Workshop: Devotional and the proud owner of Eden's Promise, LLC.
A friend contacted me today wondering how she can help her infant, who recently came down with a runny and stuffy nose. Looks like cold/flu season is coming early this year!
2. Burt's Bees Hand Salve on the feet.
When my little guy was sick with a cold, I happened to notice that the ingredients in Burt's Hand Salve contain everything I would personally choose if I were creating my own salve for my sweet baby's stuffy nose, so I went ahead and tried it on his feet–along with a little swipe under his nose for good measure. The fact that it contains several antiseptic/antiviral essential oils, all balanced in a rich jojoba-based salve, has me convinced that in addition to helping clear nasal passages with eucalyptus (which contains menthol as one of its active ingredients), it is also delivering effective yet gentle medicine to baby's blood stream to help fight whatever bug has infected them. Win-win.
A fun fact to keep in mind when applying this remedy to baby's feet? It only takes 1-2 minutes for an essential oil to travel from the nerves of the feet to the nerves of the brain in an average adult! So, they should feel some relief almost instantly.
3. Saline nasal drops (labeled for your baby's individual use) and bulb suction at every diaper change.
This is important for keeping everything cleared out of the nasal passages and sinuses so baby's cold doesn't turn into a sinus or ear infection. You can just turn them a little bit upside down on your lap, like you're going to tickle them, and add 3-4 drops per side. Try not to get it in their eyes. Keep them tilted while you count out loud with them, "One Alligator, Two Alligator…." to 10. Then sit them up and suction everything out of their nose that you can with the bulb. Your baby will probably get mad and cry. That's the bummer about being the adult sometimes; you need to do it anyway. Besides, tears are also helpful for helping thin mucous.
Put a dime-sized amount of eucalyptus oil in a cup of very hot water and bring it in the bathroom with you at bath time. (Don't put it in the bathwater, just bring it into the room). It will fill the whole room with an antibacterial, antiviral respiratory steam treatment. You can include lavender if your baby seems restless or uncomfortable. 10 minutes or so is sufficient to be effective. If your baby is older than 1, you can also leave a cup in their bedroom at bed time. It's that simple!
Steps 2,3, and 4 are inexpensive, easy, and effective for both fighting the cold bug and providing comfort to your sweet baby. Don't forget to call or visit the doctor. There's a reason they get paid the big bucks.
Next I will cover how to care for stomach bugs, since apparently that is going around already, too!
Jennifer is a Holistic Christian Doula & Birth Educator in Colorado Springs. In addition to coaching couples through Christ-centered childbirth, she specializes in wellness coaching for prenatal and postpartum women and their babies. She is the author of Expectant Parents Workshop: Devotional and the proud owner of Eden's Promise, LLC.


WASHINGTON — Like drug industry CEOs before them, drug middlemen are headed for the congressional hot seat.
Sens. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) and Ron Wyden (D-Ore.), who lead the Senate Finance Committee, have invited five major pharmacy benefit managers, Cigna, CVS, Humana, OptumRx and Prime Therapeutics, to testify before Congress on April 3, the pair announced Tuesday afternoon.
Well it's about time !!! I just hope they know the right questions to ask the PBM's. Like about Drug rebates really being a payoff to be on formulary. How about the PBM's stealing the Price spread between AWP and what they pay the pharmacy. Why is there no transparency in their payment system? How is it that audits of 10 states medicaid systems uncovered billions of dollars stolen by the PBM's. Why would the PBM's bill medicare part D patients at AWP ? This puts them in the donut hole so much faster ! Why do PBM's have a take it or leave it contract with Independent pharmacies but no one has any idea if there is any contract with their own pharmacies.
Is it not a conflict of interest that the PBM's decide how much they pay independent pharmacies and how much they pay themselves . Gee this sounds so much like Anti-trust to me !!!!!


The police discovered a body in Ophemert on Thursday afternoon while searching for Emilia Maskiewicz, who went missing on Thursday, May 26th.
The police could say nothing about the identity of the body. Only that the body was found on Bommelsestraat, the same street where Maskiewicz was last seen. The body was taken elsewhere to be examined.
Forensic investigators performed an extensive trace evidence investigation at the scene were the body was found.
Maskiewicz fiancee was arrested on Sunday on suspicion of involvement in her disappearance.


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Six people, including six-month-old baby, killed in California 'massacre' that is likely gang-related
By Jonny Mark On Jan 17, 2023
At least six people including a teenage mother and her six-month-old baby have been killed in an "early morning massacre" in Goshen, California.
Initial reports suggested an active shooter was in the area because of the number of shots being heard, police said.
Officers found six victims, including two in the street and one in the doorway of the home where the gunfire reportedly occurred just after 3.30am on Monday (local time), Sheriff Mike Boudreaux said.
Watch the latest News on Channel 7 or stream for free on 7plus >>
The 17-year-old mother and six-month-old child were both shot in the head, Boudreaux said.
At least one man was taken to the hospital but later died.
Boudreaux confirmed there were some survivors of the incident.
At least six people including a teenage mother and her six-month-old baby were killed in an 'early morning massacre' in Goshen, California. Credit: Tulare County Sheriff's Office/AP
"We do have family that has been escorted from the scene, we do have survivors," he said.
Investigators have yet to determine how they survived what he said was a "horrific massacre".
Police said the attack does not appear to be a random act of violence and may be linked to gang activity.
It comes a week after deputies executed a narcotics search warrant at the home.
Detectives are looking for at least two suspects, the sheriff's office said.
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Religions do more than debate the number of dancing angels
Mar 30, 2007 at 12:01 AM Apr 2, 2007 at 5:11 PM
"How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?"
This question has come to summarize many people's impatience with obscure religious debates. The sentiment is not limited to Christian contexts or modern times.
Centuries before Christianity, someone asked Buddhism's founder whether the world is finite or infinite. He responded that such questions distract people from living religious lives that are relevant to a suffering world.
"Angels dancing on the head of a pin dissolve into nothingness at the bedside of a dying child," says a former seminarian who writes the popular, award-winning blog "Waiter Rant." This may be so in some sense, but we should not suppose that all doctrinal discussions are irrelevant to real human needs.
The greatest medieval scholastic theologian, Thomas Aquinas, considered questions that sound pretty arcane, such as whether several angels can be at the same time in the same place. Yet in his discussion, Aquinas says, "God through his power touches all things, and is not merely present in some places, but is everywhere."
This doctrine of God's all-encompassing presence has motivated Christians to stand by countless bedsides in order to embody God's love in the midst of human suffering. Such doctrines have helped to establish hospitals and inspire pastors, chaplains and lay Christians to serve a hurting world.
Taking cues from their own doctrines, Buddhists are motivated to treat suffering with compassion. In Thailand, for instance, temples have traditionally served as dispensaries for the physical and mental well-being of the community. Much of Thailand's success in combating AIDS can be attributed to the support of Buddhist clergy.
I recognize that religions can get caught up in doctrinal debates that appear humorous at best to many outside the faith, and even to some inside. But upon close inspection, most include something worth celebrating.
For nearly 500 years, Lutherans and Catholics have debated doctrinal differences, most intensely over the doctrine of justification. What is the relationship between God's grace and our faith and good works in overcoming the condition Christians call sin? This is no simple matter -- the article on justification in the New Catholic Encyclopedia runs to nearly 15,000 words.
In 1999, the Lutheran World Federation and the Catholic Church signed the landmark Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification. This document did not resolve all differences of belief, but it represents a significant meeting of religious minds with important practical implications.
It includes these lines: "We confess together that good works -- a Christian life lived in faith, hope and love -- follow justification and are its fruits. When the justified live in Christ and act in the grace they receive, they bring forth, in biblical terms, good fruit."
One of the architects of the declaration, the Lutheran World Federation's General Secretary Ishmael Noko, elaborated on this good fruit in his commemoration of the fifth anniversary of the signing.
"The doctrine of justification is not very well-known, even among active church members," said Noko, "but God's divine gift to us of justice by grace has implications for our human practices of social justice."
The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod did not participate in these proceedings. In fact, it expressed "deep regret and profound disagreement" at the approval of the Joint Declaration by its sister denomination, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Missouri Synod Lutherans feel that the doctrinal differences at issue run too deep to allow such easy resolution.
And yet these denominations have combined their resources to form Lutheran Services in America, which provides social services to more than 6 million clients each year under the motto "Together we can." Here shared doctrines motivate acts of love and justice that other divisions cannot impede.
The motto of Lutheran Adoption Network, a Lutheran Services in America affiliate, is "Bringing hope and a future to children around the world." Children with new hope for their futures might just appreciate the image of angels dancing for joy at the good fruit of grace-filled lives.
Paul D. Numrich chairs the Program in World Religions and Inter-Religious Dialogue at the Theological Consortium of Greater Columbus. The program's third annual lecture, "The Role of the World's Religions in the International Arena," will be given by Noko at 7:30 p.m. April 12 at the Jessing Center at the Pontifical College Josephinum.


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The South End Branch Library, 685 Tremont St., will welcome Iory Allison - author, bon vivant, artist and restaurateur, in a free talk from 6:30 to 8 p.m. on Tuesday, Sept. 4 as part of the South End Writes series.
Copies of the book will be available for sale. This free program is sponsored by the Friends of South End Library.
Call 617-536-8241 or visit www.friendsofthesouthendlibrary.org for more information.
Chemist and Artist Daniel Jay will be the guest speaker in a free talk from 6 to 7:30 p.m. on Tuesday, Sept. 4 at the South End Branch Library, 685 Tremont St.
Jay will discuss his exhibit "Alchemy: Gunpowder" on display at the branch until Sept. 30. He combined gunpowder, sulfur and potassium nitrate, three elements that are explosive when combined, but he kept them separate by mixing them with resin. He used these components to create abstract works that were inspired by international and national acts of violence.
Call 617-536-8241 for more information.
The SoWa Artists Guild, 450 Harrison Ave., and the Boston Center for the Arts, Artist Studio Building, 551 Tremont St., will open their studios to the public from 5:30 to 8 p.m. on Friday, Sept. 7 for First Friday programs.
People are also invited to the organization's newest event – SoWa Second Sunday.
More than 80 artists will be in their studios at 450 Harrison Avenue in the SoWa Art and Design District on the second Sunday of every month, from noon to 3 p.m. This will be held on Sunday, Sept. 9.
Visitors can see the guild artists in their element and view their latest works, including paintings, sculpture, jewelry design, ceramics, glass and furniture.
For more information, visit www.sowaartistsguild.com.
The South End Branch Library, 685 Tremont St., will celebrate Back to School with a series of films from 2 to 5 p.m. on Fridays during September.
The library will show the teen musical "Footloose" starring Kevin Bacon on Sept. 7; the comedy "Billy Madison" with Adam Sandler on Sept. 14; John Hughes' iconic '80s drama (celebrating its 30th anniversary) "The Breakfast Club" with Judd Nelson and Molly Ringwald on Sept. 21; and the award-winning "Akeelah and the Bee" with Angela Bassett and Lawrence Fishburne on Sept. 28.
Admission is free. Call 617-227-8135 for further details.
Laconia Gallery, 433 Harrison Ave., will show the art of eight Laconia Lofts resident artists during September.
An opening reception with refreshments will be held from 5:30 to 8 p.m. on Friday, Sept. 7.
Gallery hours are from 6 to 9 p.m. on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, and 2 to 5 p.m. on Saturday and by appointment.
The gallery will also be open from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. for USEA Open Studios on Sept. 16 and 17.
The Community Music Center of Boston, 34 Warren Ave., will host "Trio Festivale: The Great Hunger Tour" at 7 p.m. on Thursday, Sept. 13.
Trio Festivale will be performing the program "The Great Hunger" in their U.S. tour in September, which is sponsored and promoted by Culture Ireland, the government arts agency of Ireland. The program "The Great Hunger" is an all-Irish related program, including Frank Martin's "Trio on Irish Folk Tunes," new arrangements of Irish traditional music for the ensemble, and at the center of the program, a newly commissioned poetry and music work, "The Great Hunger"; by composer Ian Wilson. The new work celebrates one of the most influential works of poetry by Patrick Kavanagh combining poetry and music in the performance. "The Great Hunger" is a halfhour rondo-fantasy for flute, piano and cello inspired by Kavanagh's eponymous and seminal long poem of 1942 that describes the rigors, loneliness and frustrations of the Irish peasant farmer and the trials of living and subsisting in a small rural community.
Visit www.cmcb.org or call 617-482-6267 for more information.
The Huntington Theatre Company is presenting "Niceties" by Brookline native Eleanor Burgess, now to Oct. 7 at the Calderwood Pavilion, Boston Center for the Arts, 527 Tremont St. Performances are at 7:30 p.m. on Tuesdays and Thursdays, 2 and 7:30 p.m. on Wednesdays, 8 p.m. on Fridays and Saturdays and 7 p.m. on Sundays.
In this explosive story, a black student and a white professor meet to discuss a paper about slavery's role in the American Revolution. Their polite clash of ideas soon landslides into an explosive discussion of race, history, privilege and social justice.
To purchase tickets and for more information, visit www.bcaonline.org or call 617-426-5000.


Henry Schulman March 7, 2018 Updated: March 7, 2018 5:54 p.m.
SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. — Closer Mark Melancon reached a milestone Wednesday, pitching in a game for the first time since a September operation to release pressure on the pronator muscle in his right forearm. The results were good. He faced the Padres' Manuel Margot, Raffy Lopez and Wil Myers, and retired them all.
Melancon is aiming to be ready to close on Opening Day in three weeks, despite a slow approach this spring.
"That's how we're going about it," he said.
Reporters tried to parse the statement. Was Melancon going through normal discomfort, or did he feel something in the affected area?
The Giants need a healthy Melancon for the back end of the bullpen, even with the additions of Sam Dyson last season and Tony Watson this spring.
Mark Melancon and Madison Bumgarner talked to reporters after pitching in Wednesday's 4-4 tie with the Padres.
Melancon tends to be guarded when discussing his arm. The truer test is not what he says, but how often he takes the ball. A reliever ordinarily pitches every other day here. Melancon was unsure if he would pitch again Friday, saying he needed to discuss that with the staff.
Manager Bruce Bochy said he expects Melancon to be ready by Opening Day and should be able to pitch back-to-back days by the end of spring, the last box a reliever checks off. Bochy sounded confident that Melancon will be ready and, just as significant, that the 32-year-old is healthy.
Notable: Madison Bumgarner allowed two runs over 31/3 innings in his third game. He struck out six and has 15 strikeouts in eight innings this spring. … Chris Stratton allowed two runs, one on a ninth-inning homer by Dusty Coleman that tied the game. … The Giants jumped on San Diego starter Tyson Ross for two first-inning runs, on a Brandon Belt single, Andrew McCutchen walk, Evan Longoria double and Brandon Crawford single.
— Bumgarner, on seeing the entire Opening Day lineup, minus Buster Posey , on the field Wednesday.


With the help of my local developper group, I've integrated Sean DeNigris work and now Tiling Window Manager supports Multiple Worlds.
Note: The tests failing on the screencast (Pharo 1.2) are green on Pharo 1.3.
(ConfigurationOfKeymapping project version: '1.7') load.


It is important for any type of restaurant to have a properly installed hood system. An exhaust hood plays an essential role in a commercial kitchen by sucking up contaminated air coming off of the grille into the ventilation system's ductwork. Keeping the greasy contaminated air out of your kitchen will help keep employees happy and your kitchen far cleaner.
Getting the correct type of hood installed at your restaurant is often easier said than done. There are a number of applicable safety codes that determine what type of hood and ventilation is needed for specific types of restaurants. Making sure you are up to code can sometimes be difficult to determine if you are not familiar with them. The expert technicians at CS Ventilation are happy to help you determine what the local Boston fire codes mean for your restaurant. After outlining the key features that will be needed for your commercial kitchen we can offer you different options so you can find what's best for you.
Another important benefit of getting a professionally installed restaurant hood is fire safety. Commercial kitchens have a very high rate of fire occurrence due to the presence of an open flame. Keeping contaminated air that comes from your cooking appliances out of the air in your kitchen and away from the open flame significantly reduces the risk of a kitchen fire happening at your restaurant.
There are a number of benefits to getting your restaurant's kitchen hood installed by a professional. Making sure that you have the right type of hood for your commercial kitchen can make a big difference in the cleanliness of your establishment. Employees and diners will be happier in a well-ventilated establishment. Paying customers are far more likely to recommend you to a friend if they felt comfortable while they were eating. Call CS Ventilation to get a professionally installed restaurant hood today.


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Dumbrăveni este o arie de protecție specială avifaunistică înființată cu scopul conservării mai multor specii de păsări migratoare, de pasaj sau sedentare . Aceasta se află în Dobrogea, pe teritoriul județului Constanța.

Localizare
Aria naturală este situată în sud-vestul județului Constanța (în Podișul Negru Vodă), pe teritoriile administrative ale comunelor Deleni și Dumbrăveni.

Înființare
Instituirea regimului de arie naturală protejată pentru situl "Dumbrăveni" s-a făcut prin Hotărârea  de Guvern nr. 1284 din 24 octombrie 2007 (privind declararea ariilor de protecție specială avifaunistică ca parte integrantă a rețelei ecologice europene Natura 2000 în România). Situl se întinde pe o suprafață de 2.056 ha. și include rezervațiile naturale: Pădurea Dumbrăveni, Locul fosilifer Credința și Pereții calcaroși de la Petroșani.

Aria protejată este încadrată în bioregiunea geografică stepică a Podișului Dobrogei și se întinde pe o suprafață de 2.056 hectare). Aceasta reprezintă o zonă naturală (păduri de foioase, păduri în tranziție, pajiști naturale, stepe) aflată în bazinul hidrografic al râului Urluia (în Podișul Dobrogei de Sud); ce asigură condiții prielnice de hrană, cuibărit și viețuire pentru mai multe specii de păsări migratoare, de pasaj sau sedentare.

Biodiversitate
Situl dispune de clase de habitate constituite din păduri în tranziție, păduri caducifoliate, coaste calcaroase cu vegetație submediteraneană, canarele, pajiști uscate, stepe și culturi cerealiere extensive. La baza desemnării acestuia se află mai multe specii avifaunistice protejate la nivel european prin  Directiva CE 147/CE (anexa I-a) din 30 noiembrie 2009 și Directiva 79/409/CEE din 2 aprilie 1979<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1979L0409:20081223:RO:PDF  Directiva Consiliului Europei 79/409/CEE din 2 aprilie 1979, privind conservarea păsărilor], accesat la 10 mai 2015</ref> (privind conservarea păsărilor sălbatice) sau aflate pe lista roșie a IUCN.

Specii de păsări: acvilă țipătoare mică (Aquila pomarina), fâsă de câmp (Anthus campestris), fâsă de pădure (Anthus trivialis), uliu cu picioare scurte (Accipiter brevipes), ciuf de pădure (Asio otus), ciocârlie de câmp (Alauda arvensis),  lăcarul mare (Acrocephalus arundinaceus), lăcarul de lac (Acrocephalus scirpaceus), lăcarul de rogoz (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), lăcarul de mlaștină (Acrocephalus palustris), șorecar mare (Buteo rufinus), erete vânăt (Circus cyaneus), erete alb (Circus macrourus), erete cenușiu (Circus pygargus), dumbrăveancă (Coracias garrulus), ciocârlie-cu-degete-scurte (Calandrella brachydactyla), prepeliță (Coturnix coturnix), porumbel gulerat (Columba palumbus), cuc (Cuculus canorus), florinete (Carduelis chloris), sticlete (Carduelis carduelis), scatiu (Carduelis spinus), cânepar (Carduelis cannabina), botgros (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), ciocănitoarea de grădină (Dendrocopos syriacus), presură de grădină (Emberiza hortulana), presură cu cap negru (Emberiza melanocephala), șoim călător (Falco peregrinus), muscar gulerat (Ficedula albicollis), vânturel roșu (Falco tinnunculus), șoimul rândunelelor (Falco subbuteo), muscar negru (Ficedula hypoleuca), cinteză (Fringilla coelebs și Fringilla montifringilla), ciocârlan (Galerida cristata), frunzărița cenușie (Hippolais pallida), frunzărița galbenă (Hippolais icterina), rândunica de hambar (Hirundo rustica), rândunică roșcată (Hirundo daurica), capîntorsul (Jynx torquilla), ciocârlia de pădure (Lullula arborea), sfrâncioc roșiatic (Lanius collurio), sfrânciocul cu frunte neagră (Lanius minor), privighetoare (Luscinia megarhynchos), grelușelul de zăvoi (Locustella fluviatilis), grelușelul de stuf (Locustella luscinioides), sfrâncioc mare (Lanius excubitor), sfrânciocul cu cap roșu (Lanius senator), gaie neagră (Milvus migrans), ciocârlie de bărăgan (Melanocorypha calandra),  prigoare (Merops apiaster), codobatură albă (Motacilla alba), codobatură galbenă (Motacilla flava), mierlă de piatră (Monticola saxatilis), muscar sur (Muscicapa striata), presură sură (Miliaria calandra), pietrar răsăritean (Oenanthe isabellina), pietrar sur (Oenanthe oenanthe), pietrar negru (Oenanthe pleschanka), ciuful pitic (Otus scops), grangur (Oriolus oriolus), viespar (Pernis apivorus), codroș de munte (Phoenicurus ochruros), pitulice de munte (Phylloscopus collybita), pitulice sfârâitoare (Phylloscopus sibilatrix), pitulice-fluierătoare (Phylloscopus trochilus), mugurar (Pyrrhula pyrrhula), lăstun de mal (Riparia riparia), aușel nordic (Regulus regulus), aușel sprâncenat (Regulus ignicapillus), turturică (Streptopelia turtur), mărăcinar negru (Saxicola torquata), silvia cu cap negru (Sylvia atricapilla), silvia de câmpie (Sylvia communis), silvia de zăvoi (Sylvia borin), silvie mică (Sylvia curruca), lăcustar (Sturnus roseus), mierlă (Turdus merula), sturz (Turdus pilaris), sturzul cântător (Turdus philomelos), sturzul viilor (Turdus iliacus) și sturzul de vâsc (Turdus viscivorus).

Flora lemnoasă are în componență arbori și arbusti cu specii de: cer (Quercus ceris), stejar pufos (Quercus pubescens), stejar brumăriu (Quercus pedunculiflora), cărpiniță (Carpinus orientalis), mojdrean (Fraxinus ornus), scumpie (Cotinus coggygria).

La nivelul ierburilor vegetează mai multe rarități floristice (unele ocrotite prin Directiva Consiliului Europei 92/43/CE din 21 mai 1992 (privind conservarea habitatelor naturale și a speciilor de faună și floră sălbatică); printre care: laptele stâncii (Androsace lactea), tamâiță de câmp (Ajuga chamaepitys), miruță (Anchusa ochroleuca), coșaci pontici (Astragalus ponticus), șerlai (Salvia aethiopis), ghiocelul grecesc (Galanthus elwesii), floarea călugărului (Saponaria officinalis), floarea grâului (Centaurea cyanus), târtan (Crambe tataria), cimbrișor sălbatic (Thymus glabrescens), colilie (Stipa danubialis).

 Căi de acces
 Drumul național DN38 pe ruta Constanța - Topraisar - Amzacea - drumul județean DJ392 în direcția Plopeni - Movila Verde - Independența - Dumbrăveni.

 Note

 Legături externe
 Dumbrăveni (arie de protecție specială avifaunistică), natura2000.eea.europa.eu''.

Vezi și
 Natura 2000
 Lista siturilor Natura 2000 în România


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This evening, we – my little one, wife, and I – sat down for dinner, and I reached for Garrison Keillor's collection Good Poems, and I found "Living." We have about five or six books of poems at all times stacked on the dining table because for at least one meal a day either my wife or I reads a poem before – or at least among the first few bites of – a meal.
each summer the lat summer.
I read it aloud. The little one seemed captured more by tomatoes on her tongue than words in her ears and so groaned more than grinned. And one eye of my wife seemed to humor me while the other seemed to watch the waddling little one swaying in her chair, fork in hand. And there it was, this moment of dinner and poetry and being together.
And so I'm trying to remember the last minute, but it slips away before I can finish this sentence, and this sentence is little more than an urgent, creative run to hold off the period, the final period, the big period of periods. Yes, that one. And Levertov, in her simple beauty, has made sentences that last beyond the last minute. Each sentence the last sentence.
Our lives are measured in minutes, and if we're lucky those minutes will have some rhythm, some cadence, and some meaning.
And ritual, like reading a poem before a meal or reading a story before bedtime or kissing your lover on the cheek when you awake, is some small way to shape minutes into meaning and let them slip into memory.
So what about this Three Highlights Habit? Take a minute to reflect upon your day, and share here your Friday's three highlights. And let us know where you're writing from.


Eine wahnsinnig tolle Jacke. Die Suche hat ein Ende. Top verarbeitet. Top Material. Top Aussehen. Thank you for a great Jacket.
Die Ärmel können ohne dass es drückt eingestellt werden. Der Kragen ist hochwertig, weich und komfortabel. Die Klettverschlüsse könnten auch wegbleiben, weil es Druckknöpfe gibt. Alles in allem das Beste was ich mir bisher angesehen habe, und das war viel.
Recently bought this as a replacement for the earlier Armitage jacket. Same excellent quality and design, with quite a few small welcome tweaks, notably improved cuffs and collar, front and rear ventilation, liner detailing, and additional padding on the elbows. I looked at a lot of jackets and this was the clear leader for me. One point to note is their sizing is generous and I am down a size from what I would normally expect.
I bought the Yoxall jacket in January this year ready for a five week motorcycle tour of New Zealand from which I have just returned. I have never owned any Merlin clothing products before so the purchase was based solely on reviews that I had read. I could not have wanted for a better jacket for the trip. It handled all the weather that NZ could throw at me from pouring rain in temperatures not far above freezing (keeping me warm and dry) to hot sunny days with temperatures up to 35 degrees (with the thermal liner removed). The multiple internal and external pockets were ideal for glasses, wallet, mobile etc which never once got wet in the pouring rain. Also the jacket got a lot of interest from other New Zealand motorcyclists who loved the appearance of the jacket but could not buy anything similar in their own country. Thanks you Merlin once again for a superb jacket that will hopefully give me many years of service.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css">
  <title>Poll Application</title>

    <customnavbar></customnavbar>

        <intropanel></intropanel>


Here are some more summer pictures from Sweden. The first photos are from Luleå. The boy is my son, Runar, and he is trying his sister's camera for the first time, and he enjoyed take pictures!
These photos were taken in Boden, Sweden, which is 35 km north of Luleå. Boden is our last stop, before heading home to Norway.


text:
package main

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"strconv"
)

// варианты
const (
	SOCKS4 = iota
	SOCKS4A
	SOCKS5
)

func dialSocks4(socksType int, proxy, targetAddr string) (conn net.Conn, err error) {
	// dial TCP
	conn, err = net.Dial("tcp", proxy)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	// connection request
	host, port, err := splitHostPort(targetAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	ip := net.IPv4(0, 0, 0, 1).To4()
	if socksType == SOCKS4 {
		ip, err = lookupIP(host)
		if err != nil {
			return
		}
	}
	req := []byte{
		4,                          // version number
		1,                          // command CONNECT
		byte(port >> 8),            // higher byte of destination port
		byte(port),                 // lower byte of destination port (big endian)
		ip[0], ip[1], ip[2], ip[3], // special invalid IP address to indicate the host name is provided
		0, // user id is empty, anonymous proxy only
	}
	if socksType == SOCKS4A {
		req = append(req, []byte(host+"\x00")...)
	}

	resp, err := sendReceive(conn, req)
	if err != nil {
		return
	} else if len(resp) != 8 {
		err = errors.New("Server does not respond properly.")
	}
	switch resp[1] {
	case 90:
	// request granted
	case 91:
		err = errors.New("Socks connection request rejected or failed.")
	case 92:
		err = errors.New("Socks connection request rejected becasue SOCKS server cannot connect to identd on the client.")
	case 93:
		err = errors.New("Socks connection request rejected because the client program and identd report different user-ids.")
	default:
		err = errors.New("Socks connection request failed, unknown error.")
	}
	return
}

func sendReceive(conn net.Conn, req []byte) (resp []byte, err error) {
	_, err = conn.Write(req)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	resp, err = readAll(conn)
	return
}

func readAll(conn net.Conn) (resp []byte, err error) {
	resp = make([]byte, 1024)
	n, err := conn.Read(resp)
	resp = resp[:n]
	return
}

func lookupIP(host string) (ip net.IP, err error) {
	ips, err := net.LookupIP(host)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	if len(ips) == 0 {
		err = fmt.Errorf("Cannot resolve host: %s.", host)
		return
	}
	ip = ips[0].To4()
	if len(ip) != net.IPv4len {
		fmt.Println(len(ip), ip)
		err = errors.New("IPv6 is not supported by SOCKS4")
		return
	}
	return
}

func splitHostPort(addr string) (host string, port uint16, err error) {
	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
	portInt, err := strconv.ParseUint(portStr, 10, 16)
	port = uint16(portInt)
	return
}


government at the same time declared that beef on the market is safe.
outbreak of the disease in Japan.
measures to defend food safety, not to just declare that "beef is safe."
the final result is established.