As a general rule, it is necessary to ask the question why, for orbital tumours an orbital approach is more readily practised in the domain of neurosurgery than in the domain of ophthalmology or plastic surgery.
There appear to be two circumstances that justify this decision: it is preferable to choose a neurosurgical approach in the case of lesions to the two posterior thirds of the orbit and/or in the event that it is necessary to check the excision of the tumour as well as that of reconstruction via an epidural or intra-dural approach. There are 3 surgical approaches that correspond to surgery of increasing difficulty which also suffers post-operative complications that become increasingly serious: the strictly intraorbital approach, the epidural approach and the intra-dural approach. In order to guarantee maximum safety during surgery, a difficult stage of the surgical approach should give the opportunity to check the approach to which it is contiguous: the intra-orbital approach should allow for epidural monitoring, and the epidural approach should allow for intra-dural monitoring. The intra-dural approach allows for monitoring all three but presents more deleterious side effects, and should therefore be reserved for accessing the anatomical structures such as the optic nerve, or for intra-dural tumourous extensions. The different approaches described here take place in microsur-gical conditions whenever the orbit or the interior of the dura are operated upon.
Fig. 10. The lateral intra-orbital approach (dissection): (a) The "S" shaped incision; (b) the periorbit is unfastened from the lateral wall of the orbit; (c) osteotomy takes the form of a dovetail; (d) the bone excision can be performed as far as the superior orbital fissure, towards the rear mal provided the indication respects the anatomical limits that have been defined. From an aesthetic perspective, part of the incision is concealed in the eyelid (which must not be shaved); the posterior part of this latter bends towards the temple and can be usefully concealed in one of the wrinkles around the eyes. If the cutaneous closure is realised with care, it can become invisible within 3 to 6 months. The greatest obstacle is the frontal sinus. Before the age of ten years, it is little developed, if at all, and in adults can pneumatise the entire superior orbital margin as far as the external orbital process. Therefore, with this in mind, it is beneficial to use MR, and also CT, which provides more details of anatomical links with the frontal sinus. The frontal sinus may be opened accidentally or intentionally. If the opening is accidental, its size is generally small and the mucosa can be spared. There are more risks in ignoring the opening than there are difficulties in repairing it. In the case of accidental entry, the simplest method is to fill the opening with osseous powder and biological glue and close the gap from the exterior by applying a patch of temporal fascia stuck with acrylic-glue. When the frontal sinus has been opened intentionally it should be 'cranialised' by coagulating and resecting the mucosa of the sinus and filling the fronto-nasal canal with osseous powder and biological glue. The frontal sinus is the largest anatomical obstacle and brings many complications if these simple rules of exclusion are not respected.
The patient is in the supine position with their head turned 30 to 45 degrees towards the opposite side, in a simple headrest (a three pins holder cannot be safely used in children). The incision begins at the middle of the eyelid (it can be extended towards the interior, and only towards the interior if the objective is to gain access to roof of the orbit) and bends, in an 'S' shape towards the temple when the external orbital process meets the malar bone. At this stage, it runs alongside the superior rim of the zygo-matic process (Fig. 10 a). The incision should go directly to the bone, and, if necessary the supra orbital nerve should be pushed aside from the supra orbital foramen. It is necessary to scrape the interior of the lateral orbital process and unfasten the periorbit from the lateral wall of the orbit (Fig. 10 b). The subcutaneous tissue is dissected from the fascia of the temporal muscle. Insertions of the temporal muscle are removed from the external temporal fossa and pulled towards the rear. This operation makes it possible to view the superior part of the external side of the great wing of the sphenoid. Osteotomy of the lateral orbital process may take the form of a step or, more simply, of a dovetail (Fig. 10c). Once removed, the lateral wall of the orbit is gouged or drilled whilst keeping the periorbit at a distance. This bone excision can be performed as far as the superior orbital fissure, towards the rear (Fig. 10 d). Access to the intra-conical part of the orbit takes place between the superior and lateral rectus muscle. There is, therefore no interposition of important anatomical elements. By using this approach it is possible to check the dura and remove the lateral part of the orbital roof by drilling the bone immediately below the line of insertion of the muscle, as far as is necessary in order to reveal the dura. This hole should be situated underneath the ridge of insertion of the muscle in order to conceal it during closure. This approach, when compared with a trans browsal approach, has the advantage of being able to remain strictly epi-dural, to check the orbital roof using both the intra orbital and epidural approaches if necessary. Finally, it is always possible to carry out a supraorbital craniotomy by extending the cutaneous incision towards the interior of the eyebrow. However, this approach does not permit a satisfactory intra-dural opening or monitoring.
The optic nerve approach is justified for two kinds of tumours: meningi-oma of the optic nerve sheath and optic nerve glioma. In the first case, approaching the optic canal is the key point of the operation, and in the case of optic nerve glioma it is not absolutely necessary to open the canal although the optic nerve should be checked during its intra-dural course.
The patient is in the supine position with their head towards the zenith or at a slight hyperextension of 10 degrees to distance the frontal lobe from the orbit, by gravity. After coronal incision the temporal muscle is pulled forwards en bloc with the periosteum and the skin flap. The notch or the supra orbital foramen is exposed with the supra orbital nerve. When it presents as a hole it should be open and the nerve individualized to be pulled forwards with the skin flap. A frontal craniotomy that is homolateral to the lesion is carried out. An accidental or intentional medial opening of the frontal sinus requires the same precautions to be taken as for a lateral approach of the orbit. In order to optimise the posterior field of vision and diminish cerebral retraction, it is possible to combine removal of the superior orbital margin after separating the supra orbital nerve from the orbital rim. It is possible, particularly with children, to carry out a combined approach in a single cranio-orbitotomy. The orbitotomy runs laterally as far as the lateral orbital process above the fronto-malar suture. It avoids opening the frontal sinus medially. The orbitotomy of the roof implies, in a first instance, perforating the roof with a one millimeter drill then detaching it like a postal stamp. The dura is separated from the orbital roof. This epidural separation does not, generally, allow the necessary space for exposing the whole of the orbital roof due to the impossibility of combining an epidural separation in the middle cerebral fossa. Under these conditions it is advisable to approach the orbit by an intra-dural approach. Careful retraction of the frontal lobe can be easily obtained after opening the optico-carotid cistern and the slow, progressive subtraction of the Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF). Exposure of the two posterior thirds of the orbit towards the rear of the eyeball and across the entire width is then complete. The axis of the optic canal permits easy identification of the internal part of the orbital apex. If necessary, the superior orbital fissure can be opened after drilling the anterior clinoid process. A wide dural flap, attached by a pedicle to the median line, is pushed back medially to expose the orbital roof. By opening the optic canal it is possible to determine the apical area, which would be exposed across its entire width, and complementing surgical exposure using either a drill or a thin bone rongeur. The frontal nerve appears beyond the transparent periorbit: it is an excellent landmark before opening the periorbit, a longitudinal incision is made at the base of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and completed by two perpendicular contra-incisions, one of which is anterior at the level of the eyeball and the other posterior at the level of the orbital apex. During this stage, any lesions to the trochlear nerve should be avoided as the nerve is situated medial to the frontal nerve, almost on the optic axis, in front of the roof of the optic canal. Orbital fat is usually considered as a dominating element of muscular function. However its coagulation and retraction appear indispensable in order to obtain a satisfactory view of the intra-conical anatomical elements. From the opened periorbit, there are 3 ways in which to penetrate the orbital cone.
complex. The superior orbital fissure may be opened by making an incision to the annular tendon, backwards between the superior rectus muscle medially and the lateral rectus muscle laterally. By pushing apart the two muscular bodies at the level of the tendinous incision, the superior branches of division of the oculomotor nerve, the nasociliary nerve and the abducens nerve can be seen [20, 63, 64].
Central Approach (Fig. 13). This approach is most often indicated for limited surgery such as biopsy. As the levator palpebrae superioris muscle horizontally overlaps the medial side of the superior rectus muscle, it is possible to push the levator palpebrae muscle away medially and the superior rectus muscle laterally. Each muscle is retracted by a surgical loop. The frontal nerve can be kept in position and pushed medially with the levator palpebrae, or dissected then pushed away laterally with the superior rectus muscle. This permits a better view of the optic nerve at the level of the annular tendon. The trochlear nerve, at this level, is in an extra-conical position, directly in front of the optic nerve sheath and medial to the frontal nerve. It merits particularly careful consideration. This approach permits access to the entire width of the middle intra-orbital third of the optic nerve. However, it can be deleterious for the branch of division of the oculomotor nerve that innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and should, therefore be undertaken with extreme care. Underneath this branch of division that appears in the middle of the operating field of vision, the ophthalmic artery accompanied by the nasociliary nerve crosses the superior side of the optic nerve laterally to medially.
Medial Approach. This approach runs medially between the oblique superior muscle and the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and the superior rectus muscle laterally. The optic nerve is thus exposed across its entire length. The ophthalmic artery appears at the medial side of the optic nerve after crossing it. An incision may be made to the annular tendon towards the rear, between the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and the superior rectus muscle in such a way as to expose the optic nerve, at the level of the apex. During this incision, care must be taken to protect the trochlear nerve because it is in an extra-conical position.
sufficient for reconstituting an osseous interface between the orbit and the dura of the inferior side of the frontal lobe, and does not necessitate a bone graft.
permit access to the pathological targets: the great wing of the sphenoid, the ridge of the lesser wing of the sphenoid, the superior orbital fissure ( Fig. 16 a), the anterior clinoid process, the optic canal, the dura of the fronto-pterional-temporal area which is involved in the case of orbito-sphenoidal meningioma, opening the frontal sinus should be avoided unless it is particularly pneumatised and partially covers the orbital roof. This is a rare occurrence and the craniotomy in the frontal area has to follow an angle of approximately thirty degrees from the horizontal plane. It is sufficient to expose the orbital roof without opening the frontal sinus. Multiplying the burr holes generally implies aesthetic sequelae. A single posterior burr hole in the hypothetic area the lateral fissure is often sufficient. This necessitates a slow and careful epidural unfastening which can be done with the Gigli's saw guide that permits an adapted length of interposition between the bone and the dura. Dural suspension should only be carried out at the end of the operation in order to avoid interfering with the epi-dural unfastening on the skull base. Removal of the superior orbital margin and of the zygomatic arch which is often advised  does not improve access to the posterior third of the orbit itself. This orbital-zygomatic removal can only be justified in the case of tumourous extensions towards the middle area of the temporal fossa, the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the pterygo-maxillar fossa. This technique does not strictly apply to the orbital approaches as we have defined them. The dura is opened then followed by the opening of the optico-chiasmatic and optico-carotid cisterns which allow gentle and progressive aspiration of the CSF thus reducing the brain volume in order to facilitate the epidural unfastening on the skull base. Often the dura is involved by the meningioma and we prefer to excise the pathologic area and repair it with an epicranial graft before drilling the skull base. The superior and lateral orbitotomy runs anteriorly to posteriorly from the pterion and the ridge of the lesser wing of the sphenoid (Fig. 16 b). It is necessary to begin drilling the superior and lateral wall of the posterior half of the orbit as the periorbit is more fragile at its anterior point. If the periorbit is torn, the gap will cause periorbital fat to escape, thus hindering the posterior field of vision for the surgeon. After having opened the superior orbital fissure (Fig. 16 c) and the optic canal (Fig. 16 d), the superior and lateral orbitotomy is completed forwards and terminates at the frontal and temporal bones. A large orbitotomy allows a partial reduction of the proptosis and the excision of the intra-orbital bud which spreads to the periorbit in an extra-conical position. The superior orbital fissure is opened after having drilled its roof; in other words, the ridge of the lesser wing of the sphenoid. This is the first orifice that is individualised. The anterior clinoid process lies posteriorly, the inferior and medial part of which is supported by the posterior root of the lesser wing of the sphenoid that corresponds to the lateral wall of the optic canal. Removing the clinoid process allows, on the one hand completion of excision when the pathological process concerns the anterior clinoid process and, on the other hand allows access to the optic canal via its external part . Opening the optic canal is recommended as visual acuity will be impaired. The drilling at this point must be carried out using drills of 1 or 2 millimetres. Monitoring the optic nerve is carried out after opening the sheath in the optic canal.
Drilling the lateral part of the orbit terminates at the floor of the orbit, thus exposing the inferior optic fissure that links the inferior and lateral part of the orbit with the infra-temporal fossa on the one hand, and the pterygo-maxillary fossa on the other. Drilling of the temporal fossa is carried out downwards from the inferior orbital fissure and the foramen rotundum and oval posteriorly. It is important to avoid any contact with the periorbit as the orbit's fatty body will infringe onto the area of surgery, thus complicating the drilling operation considerably. If the periorbit is affected, it must be resected as much as possible. The periorbit is opened to the exterior of the frontal nerve that goes above and along the superior muscular complex. At the same level as the superior orbital fissure is the trochlea nerve which is situated medial to the frontal nerve, and is particularly vulnerable at this stage. The frontal nerve, which is a branch of the ophthalmic nerve, partially carries frontal palpebral sensitivity and is not a physiologically determining factor. The pathological process can spread backwards to the cavernous sinus. Its external wall can be peeled and coagulated without risk. A tumourous extension in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus can be easily removed by excision, without risk. This is quite different to excision that is carried out in the cavernous sinus itself. Intra-cavernous surgery of meningeal residue is deleterious and this tumourous residue is easily accessible via radiosurgery or conformational radiotherapy. The periorbit is reconstructed using a fragment of pericranial graft sewn onto the periorbit which is considered to be safe. Bone reconstruction of the orbit is increasingly abandoned. As far as we are concerned, the only reconstructive surgery required concerns the defect of the frontotemporal bone defect (Fig. 1 c, d) which can be replaced by acrylic or a bone graft, thus compensating the atrophy of the temporal muscle and not allowing it to herniate through this bone defect which is often the cause of inaesthetic sequelae. The pathological limits are: periorbital, dural or osseous, whether radiological or macroscopic, and often very difficult to determine with precision; under such conditions the term of complete excision should be employed with great care. Intracranial neuronavigation offers a more precise schedule of excision when pre-surgical imaging and planning is carried out, but does not permit the application of a concept of excision that goes beyond extensions to these tumours, whose exact limits are not precise. However, only excision in safe osseous areas can minimise the possibilities of recurrences for the patient .
Reconstruction of the orbit after a neurosurgical approach depends on the pathology concerned by the surgery, the extension of the osseous resections and on the nature of the bone which is sometimes affected by dysplasia.
For aesthetic reasons it is always necessary to reconstruct of the orbital rim. Reconstructing the superior orbital and the lateral orbital rims is generally simple and necessitates either steel wire or screwed plates that may or may not be resorptive. This depends on each individual's preferences. In the case of bone defects concerning the orbital margin the same aesthetic reasons necessitate reconstruction. The most reliable method is an auto-logous graft. The most malleable substance and most suited to the constraints upon reformation of the orbital structure is the ribs, whether split or not. Harvesting is generally carried out before surgery. The number of sites of costal harvesting varies between 1 and 3.
Small defects of the orbital roof do not require attention. However, large losses of substances necessitate reconstruction in order to maintain a solid interface between the dura of the frontal lobe and the periorbit. This reconstruction involves the split ribs when their removal has been made necessary in order to reconstruct the orbital structure or splitting the bone flap when removal of the ribs is not required. The bone graft is then simply inlaid or fixed from the superior orbital margin. It is not generally useful to reconstruct the lateral wall of the orbit. Even after complete resection of the tumour, the proptosis does not regress on occasions. This is why removing its external wall from the orbit plays such an important role in orbital decompression, as described in the guidelines for surgery for prop-tosis of Basedow's disease.
In the case of an orbital location of Recklinghausen's disease, it manifests itself as a plexiform neuroma and radically alters the social life of affected patients due to its appearance and the functional difficulty that it entails. The objective of therapy is to re-establish the balance between orbital content and container, thus requiring simultaneous surgery to the osseous structures (for example, reducing the increased size of the orbital volume) and the soft tissues (resection of the tumour). It is imperative, in the case of facial symmetrisation, that the volume of the bony orbit is reduced. Excision or iterative resections of tumours that are carried out on the soft tissues appear to be factors of less importance in the short and long term results. On a frontal view, it is necessary to restore the inferior and superior orbital margins, which are thinner than usual and irregular, whereas on a sagittal view is necessary, on the one hand, to reduce the hernia of the fron tal or temporal lobe and, on the other hand to set it by reconstructing the dehiscent orbital roof. The orbital roof, which is thinner and perhaps even absent, must also be reconstructed . Indications for this depend on the size of the reduction in volume that is desired, and also on the preservation, or not, of visual function. Enucleation, despite allowing tri-dimensional control of the reconstruction operation, is always seen as a failure. Different approaches of reconstructive surgery have been suggested: the principle remains the same, which, in other words corresponds to a combination of separating the skull from the orbit, reducing the tumourous intra-orbital mass and remodelling the orbital skeleton. The osseous stage required for this operation associates to varying degrees, osteotomy and the on lay of organic material for grafts, or synthetic materials. Reconstruction of the orbit should begin with a transcranial approach , although the material to be used is still a subject of discussion . Jackson  proceeds with the reduction of the hernia and contention of the temporal lobe by reconstructing the great wing of the sphenoid with the aid of split rib graft. Marchac [45, 46] proposes splitting the frontal bone flap to compensate for the bone dehiscence. Ulterior resorption of osseous grafts amongst this pathological tissue has caused certain authors to prefer this method to using acrylic  or titanium . Reduction of the orbital content necessitates partial resection as total resection is rarely possible without inflicting serious functional impairment. Furthermore, in this instance the quality of resection depends entirely on the preservation of visual capacity. In many cases it is limited to tissular structures that are easily accessed by the superior defect. Remodelling the orbital skeleton aims to re-establish the balance between content and container by reducing the volume of the orbital whilst keeping the face symmetrical. This may necessitate osteotomy, but also appositional grafts or osseous substitutes. Associating osteotomy with autologous grafts would appear to yield better results in the long term. Jackson [34, 36] performs symmetrisation of the inferior orbital segment and the internal and lateral walls by means of osteotomy of the entire malar: this is possible by vertically cutting the internal wall of the orbit as far as the inferior orbital fissure. The zygomatic arch is sectioned and a horizontal maxillary osteotomy carried out below the infra-orbital nerve, in order complete the vertical osteotomy. Cutting the orbital floor facilitates the movement of the segment obtained in an upwards and medial direction. Any defect of maxillary bone can be compensated for with bone grafts, and the superior orbital margin benefits from split rib grafts. Munro  proposes inversed facial osteotomy in the event of maxillary asymmetry: this surgery combines a hemi-osteotomy of the type Lefort 1, and cranial-facial osteotomy of the type Lefort 3. The fragment that is obtained can be moved via posterior and superior rotation-translation. Facial symmetrisation is completed by bone grafts of iliac or costal origin Marchac [46, 47] completes an osteotomy of the external orbital margin and repositions the canthal ligaments. He combines this with the installation of osseous grafts to the orbital roof. Remodelling of the soft tissues follows osteotomy because, if the eyelid is affected this contributes to the imbalance between content and container. As far as possible, surgery at this stage should respect its function. This requires transfixing resection of the eyelid on horizontal and vertical planes, whilst taking care to maintain the functioning of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. Marchac [45, 47] carries out resection of the cutaneous excedent, on the whole thickness by comparing the unaffected side. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle is re-inserted after reduction of its movement on the tarsus. An external canthopexy would conclude surgery. This pathology demands delicate surgery both to the osseous structures but also to the soft tissues. This is all the more true as surgery may still engender post-surgical complications . However, it does offer aesthetic and functional solutions that may be partial and imperfect, but are desired by patients.
Modelling and conserving resection in fibrous dysplasia reduces the undesirable aesthetic element, but does not control the potential growth of the remaining process and the recurrence of deformation. Total or partial resection of the pathological tissue followed by reconstruction during the same operating stage would seem preferable [54, 17]. This method is based on ablation of the entire pathological process by an approach that may be intracranial when the FD is at the base of the skull, or facial when the FD has a lower extension. The surgical approach is endo cranial, facial or combined according to the size of the FD extension at the base of the skull. Reconstruction necessitates autologous bone grafts [17, 24, 35, 53, 54, 77] proposes reinstating the pathological tissue after remodelling. Decompression of the optic nerve in the optic canal follows the same principles as for the epidural approach of the optic canal in the case of orbito-sphenoidal meningioma. The indication of decompressing the optic canal is given when there is a reduction in visual acuity due to the optic canal being affected by the FD or when surgery is justified on the grounds of aesthetic consideration and there is a threat of compression of the optic nerve by its surrounding bone structures . The epidural and intra-orbital endo cranial approach yields the best results as it allows decompression of the whole course of the optic nerve. Moreover, accurate identification of the different anatomical elements makes this surgical approach safer and more secure . The main difficulty in this type of surgery is linked to the thickness of the dysplastic bone since the roof of the orbit can, on occasions reach a thickness of 1 cm.


text:
Heineken buys South African Distell for R38.4 billion.
By Lehlohonolo Lehana.
Heineken agreed to buy South African wine and spirits maker Distell Group Holdings for 2.2 billion euros (R38.4 billion), creating a new regional group to compete with larger rival Anheuser-Busch InBev and spirits giant Diageo.
The Dutch brewer made an offer of R180 a share that's been recommended by Distell's board, according to a statement on Monday. Heineken will also look to buy a majority stake in the owner of Namibia Breweries, a regional partner, the brewer said.
The move will form a Heineken majority-owned entity with a total valuation of about 4 billion euros, the company said. The firm will produce the brewer's signature lager and Namibia's Windhoek, plus Distell staples such as Klipdrift brandy and Savanna cider and a number of wines for export.
Distell shares fell 5.1% to R173.36 in early trade in Johannesburg. The deal still requires shareholder approval. The stock traded at R182.59 at Friday's close, above the offer price.
"We are very excited to bring together three strong businesses to create a regional beverage champion, perfectly positioned to capture significant growth opportunities in southern Africa," Heineken Chief Executive Officer Dolf van den Brink said in the statement.
The deal sees Van den Brink, who became CEO in June of last year, accelerate the decades-long strategy of his predecessor Jean-Francois van Boxmeer, who sought to tap growth opportunities on the continent by investing hundreds of millions of euros in promising markets such as Cote d'Ivoire, Nigeria and South Africa. Heineken is also looking to counter plunging beer sales in Asia.
The purchase is expected to boost earnings in the first year after completion, Heineken said. The move comes a few years after AB InBev bought South African Breweries, the country's largest beermaker, as part of its megadeal for SABMiller Plc.
Remgro Ltd., an investment vehicle of South African billionaire Johann Rupert, said it would vote in favor of the transaction. The company and the Public Investment Corp, Africa's biggest money manager, each hold a little more than 30% of Distell, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
Namibia Breweries, the market leader in the southwest African country, exports to 17 countries excluding South Africa. It will remain listed on the Namibian Stock Exchange, with public shareholders continuing to hold a minority stake.
More in this category: « Godongwana enters the fray over the state of Eskom and performance of the CEO. Black Friday frenzy: Survival guide to careful shopping. »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sweet and nutty baked Acorn squash stuffed with a spicy Mexican blend of beans, corn and tomatoes, topped with cheese and crispy salted seeds.
Wash in a sieve or small colander, pulling any fibers off with your fingers. Spread on a cookie sheet, spray with Olive Oil and sprinkle with sea salt. Bake/broil until browned and crispy, 5-10 minutes. (I usually do this while I brown the cheese on the squash as well) Sprinkle on squash when ready to serve (otherwise they will become soggy).


L&L Partners advised Emerson group in connection with its acquisition of General Electric (GE)'s Intelligent Platforms Business.
L&L Partners [formerly Luthra & Luthra Law Offices] advised Emerson group in connection with its acquisition of General Electric (GE)'s Intelligent Platforms Business.
L&L acted for and advised Emerson group in connection with its acquisition of GE's Intelligent Platforms Business (GE's automation and control products software division). The Firm assisted with structuring, implementation and completion of the Indian leg of the acquisition, and advised the client extensively on the pre-closing and closing steps, in line with the agreed terms between Emerson and GE. The firm also provided high level advice on employment and real estate matters germane to the transaction in India and has also been involved in the review, preparation, population, revision and finalization of step plans, corporate and employment documents and summary charts detailing the various structuring, transfer and implementation steps pursuant to the acquisition.
The acquisition is an important investment in Emerson's global portfolio of automation technologies and will enable Emerson, a world leader in automation for process and industrial applications, to become an even stronger player in the automation space and expand its capabilities across process, hybrid and discrete markets, such as metals & mining, life sciences, food & beverage and packaging. The team worked in close collaboration with Emerson's international legal counsel Baker & McKenzie, and also with the DLA Piper and Trilegal, International and domestic counsel respectively representing GE, to conclude the transaction.
L&L team was led by Partner – Vikrant Kumar ably assisted by Associates – Bissheesh Roy & Anina D'Cunha.
Partner – William Vivian John, Managing Associate – Deepak Kumar, Senior Associate – Rishabh Shah and Associates – Gayatri Loomba & Shreya Kundu advised on employment and HR aspects. Partner – Gunjan Mishra (Partner) advised on the indirect tax aspects, and Partner – Lokesh Shah, Managing Associate – Mayank Aggarwal and Senior Associate – Arzoo Batta advised on the direct tax aspects of the deal.


Moritz Bleibtreu, born 1971 in Munich, studied acting in Rome, Paris and New York. Bleibtreu made his feature film debut in Peter Timm's drama EINFACH NUR LIEBE. His cinema breakthrough came with Rainer Kaufmann's romantic comedy STADTGESPRÄCH. Bleibtreu's role as a naive, homosexual carpenter became as much a cult figure as the thick-witted gangster in Thomas Jahn's road movie KNOCKIN' ON HEAVEN'S DOOR. Both roles earned Bleibtreu the Ernst Lubitsch Prize for his comedic achievements in German film. Bleibtreu's most memorable film appearances were in Tom Tykwer's LOLA RENNT, Fatih Akin's IM JULI, Oliver Hirschbiegel's DAS EXPERIMENT, Helmut Dietl's VOM SUCHEN UND FINDEN DER LIEBE and Oskar Roehler's AGNES UND SEINE BRÜDER. Since the end of the 90s, Bleibtreu has worked continuously on international productions together with such legendary filmmakers as the Taviani brothers, Paul Schrader, István Szabó and Steven Spielberg.


text:
package controller

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/golang/glog"

	apierrs "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
	utilruntime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
	"k8s.io/client-go/util/flowcontrol"
	kapi "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api"

	"github.com/openshift/origin/pkg/client"
	"github.com/openshift/origin/pkg/controller"
	imageapi "github.com/openshift/origin/pkg/image/apis/image"
)

type uniqueItem struct {
	uid             string
	resourceVersion string
}

type ScheduledImageStreamController struct {
	// boolean flag whether this controller is active
	enabled bool

	// image stream client
	isNamespacer client.ImageStreamsNamespacer

	// lister can list/get image streams from a shared informer's cache
	lister imageStreamLister
	// listerSynced makes sure the is store is synced before reconciling streams
	listerSynced cache.InformerSynced

	// rateLimiter to be used when re-importing images
	rateLimiter flowcontrol.RateLimiter

	// scheduler for timely image re-imports
	scheduler *controller.Scheduler
}

// Importing is invoked when the controller decides to import a stream in order to push back
// the next schedule time.
func (s *ScheduledImageStreamController) Importing(stream *imageapi.ImageStream) {
	if !s.enabled {
		return
	}
	glog.V(5).Infof("DEBUG: stream %s was just imported", stream.Name)
	// Push the current key back to the end of the queue because it's just been imported
	key, _ := cache.MetaNamespaceKeyFunc(stream)
	s.scheduler.Delay(key)
}

// Run begins watching and syncing.
func (s *ScheduledImageStreamController) Run(stopCh <-chan struct{}) {
	defer utilruntime.HandleCrash()

	glog.Infof("Starting scheduled import controller")

	// Wait for the stream store to sync before starting any work in this controller.
	if !cache.WaitForCacheSync(stopCh, s.listerSynced) {
		utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("timed out waiting for caches to sync"))
		return
	}

	go s.scheduler.RunUntil(stopCh)

	<-stopCh
	glog.Infof("Shutting down image stream controller")
}

func (s *ScheduledImageStreamController) addImageStream(obj interface{}) {
	stream := obj.(*imageapi.ImageStream)
	s.enqueueImageStream(stream)
}

func (s *ScheduledImageStreamController) updateImageStream(old, cur interface{}) {
	curStream, ok := cur.(*imageapi.ImageStream)
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	oldStream, ok := old.(*imageapi.ImageStream)
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	// we only compare resource version, since deeper inspection if a stream
	// needs to be re-imported happens in syncImageStream
	if curStream.ResourceVersion == oldStream.ResourceVersion {
		return
	}
	s.enqueueImageStream(curStream)
}

func (s *ScheduledImageStreamController) deleteImageStream(obj interface{}) {
	stream, isStream := obj.(*imageapi.ImageStream)
	if !isStream {
		tombstone, objIsTombstone := obj.(cache.DeletedFinalStateUnknown)
		if !objIsTombstone {
			return
		}
		stream, isStream = tombstone.Obj.(*imageapi.ImageStream)
	}
	key, err := cache.MetaNamespaceKeyFunc(stream)
	if err != nil {
		glog.V(2).Infof("unable to get namespace key function for stream %q: %v", stream, err)
		return
	}
	s.scheduler.Remove(key, nil)
}

// enqueueImageStream ensures an image stream is checked for scheduling
func (s *ScheduledImageStreamController) enqueueImageStream(stream *imageapi.ImageStream) {
	if !s.enabled {
		return
	}
	if needsScheduling(stream) {
		key, err := cache.MetaNamespaceKeyFunc(stream)
		if err != nil {
			glog.V(2).Infof("unable to get namespace key function for stream %q: %v", stream, err)
			return
		}
		s.scheduler.Add(key, uniqueItem{uid: string(stream.UID), resourceVersion: stream.ResourceVersion})
	}
}

// syncTimed is invoked when a key is ready to be processed.
func (s *ScheduledImageStreamController) syncTimed(key, value interface{}) {
	if !s.enabled {
		s.scheduler.Remove(key, value)
		return
	}
	if s.rateLimiter != nil && !s.rateLimiter.TryAccept() {
		glog.V(5).Infof("DEBUG: check of %s exceeded rate limit, will retry later", key)
		return
	}
	namespace, name, err := cache.SplitMetaNamespaceKey(key.(string))
	if err != nil {
		glog.V(2).Infof("unable to split namespace key for key %q: %v", key, err)
		return
	}
	if err := s.syncTimedByName(namespace, name); err != nil {
		// the stream cannot be imported
		if err == ErrNotImportable {
			// value must match to be removed, so we avoid races against creation by ensuring that we only
			// remove the stream if the uid and resource version in the scheduler are exactly the same.
			s.scheduler.Remove(key, value)
			return
		}
		utilruntime.HandleError(err)
		return
	}
}

func (s *ScheduledImageStreamController) syncTimedByName(namespace, name string) error {
	sharedStream, err := s.lister.ImageStreams(namespace).Get(name)
	if err != nil {
		if apierrs.IsNotFound(err) {
			return ErrNotImportable
		}
		return err
	}
	if !needsScheduling(sharedStream) {
		return ErrNotImportable
	}

	copy, err := kapi.Scheme.DeepCopy(sharedStream)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	stream := copy.(*imageapi.ImageStream)
	resetScheduledTags(stream)

	glog.V(3).Infof("Scheduled import of stream %s/%s...", stream.Namespace, stream.Name)
	return handleImageStream(stream, s.isNamespacer, nil)
}

// resetScheduledTags artificially increments the generation on the tags that should be imported.
func resetScheduledTags(stream *imageapi.ImageStream) {
	next := stream.Generation + 1
	for tag, tagRef := range stream.Spec.Tags {
		if tagImportable(tagRef) && tagRef.ImportPolicy.Scheduled {
			tagRef.Generation = &next
			stream.Spec.Tags[tag] = tagRef
		}
	}
}

// needsScheduling returns true if this image stream has any scheduled tags
func needsScheduling(stream *imageapi.ImageStream) bool {
	for _, tagRef := range stream.Spec.Tags {
		if tagImportable(tagRef) && tagRef.ImportPolicy.Scheduled {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
RISC Management and Consulting
RISC IT'S HOW YOU MANAGE IT! www.RISCsecurity.com
Cybersecurity & Data Privacy Information and Resources
Education, HIPAA / HITECH Enforcement, Tip of the Week
Fast Facts for Covered Entities
December 14, 2016 December 14, 2016 RISC
Fast Facts for Covered Entities (CEs)
The Privacy Rule provides federal protections for personal health information held by covered entities, and gives patients an array of rights with respect to that information. At the same time, the Privacy Rule is balanced so that it permits the disclosure of personal health information needed for patient care and other important purposes.
The Privacy Rule does not require you to obtain a signed consent form before sharing information for treatment purposes. Health care providers can freely share information for treatment purposes without a signed patient authorization.
The Privacy Rule does not require you to eliminate all incidental disclosures. The Privacy Rule recognizes that it is not practicable to eliminate all risk of incidental disclosures. In August 2002, specific modifications to the Rule were adopted to clarify that incidental disclosures do not violate the Privacy Rule when you have policies which reasonably safeguard and appropriately limit how protected health information is used and disclosed.
The Privacy Rule does not cut off all communications between you and the families and friends of patients. As long as the patient does not object, The Privacy Rule permits you to:
share needed information with family, friends, or anyone else a patient identifies as involved in his or her care;
disclose information when needed to notify a family member or anyone responsible for the patient's care about the patient's location or general condition;
share the appropriate information for these purposes even when the patient is incapacitated if doing so is in the best interest of the patient.
The Privacy Rule does not stop calls or visits to hospitals by family, friends, clergy or anyone else. Unless the patient objects, basic information such as phone number, room number and general condition can:
be listed in the hospital directory;
be given to people who call or visit and ask for the patient;
be given to clergy along with religious affiliation–when provided by the patient–even if the patient is not asked for by name.
The Privacy Rule does not prevent child abuse reporting. You may continue to report child abuse or neglect to appropriate government authorities.
The Privacy Rule is not anti-electronic. You can communicate with patients, providers, and others by e-mail, telephone, or facsimile, with the implementation of appropriate safeguards to protect patient privacy.
Source: Fast Facts for Covered Entities
Published by RISC
RISC Management & Consulting is an organization dedicated to information security and compliance, focused on healthcare & banking. RISC Management was founded by professionals with extensive experience in Healthcare, Information Security & Compliance to assist those organizations with obligations related to: HIPAA – The HITECH Act – HITRUST – Meaningful Use & ISO 27001 & 27002 RISC Management & Consulting offers several core practice areas to support the needs and legal obligations of our clients. All of our services are focused on getting you compliant with Privacy & Security requirements, quickly, completely, and affordably! To learn more about our Healthcare practice areas please visit www.RISCsecurity.com	View all posts by RISC
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On November 30th, 2003 the Canadian Music Centre's regional office in Vancouver hosted a CD release party launching Associate Composer Euphrosyne Keefer's new CD: Far Other Worlds. The party, attended by over eighty composers, performers, and friends was a huge success. There was much cause for celebration as at least half of the CDs had already been sold and the album had been accepted for world wide distribution by the Canadian Music Centre.
Consisting entirely of the late Ms. Keefer's varied and delightful compositions of music for flute, the CD is played by prominent local Anne-Elise Keefer, the composers daughter. She is accompanied by renowned Vancouver performers Christopher Millard (bassoon), Michael Strutt (guitar), Jane Hayes (piano), Blanche Olivar (percussion).
Just months after the recording of the CD was completed, Euphrosyne Keefer died suddenly in January, 2003. A consummate musician, she lived a remarkable life, driven by insatiable intellectual curiosity, a love of travel, and a comsuming interest in the people around her. The CD reflects her divergent interests, featuring musical depictions of ancient Greek mythological subjects, Incan culture, and Messiaen- like transcription of bird song.
Trained at the Royal Academy of Music in London, Euphrosyne Keefer possesed impeccable credentials as both a composer and performer (piano, viola and voice). A talented soprano, she was about to embark on a singing career with the Sadler's Wells Opera. However, like so many of her generation, her aspirations were cut short by the war. In a whirlwind wartime romance, she met and married a handsome Canadian officer and moved to Canada as a war bride in 1945.
After raising five accomplished children, she resumed her musical career and became a prolific composer of instrumental and vocal chamber music, choral works, and piano music. As an associate composer with the Canadian Music Centre, her works have been performed in Canada, England, and the United States, and broadcast on CBC.
Flutist Anne-Elise Keefer has played for many years with the Vancouver Opera Orchestra and the Abbotsford Symphony, and has freelanced with the Vancouver Symphony, the CBC Radio Orchestra, Victoria Symphony, Orchestra London and Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra.
After recieving her Master's degree from the University of Toronto, she pursued doctoral studies in Europe with the support of three Canada Council grants. She performed to critical acclaim in England, France, Italy, Yukoslavia and Norway. She was a prize winner at eight major competitions in Europe, the USA and Canada, including the Ancona International Flute Competition (Italy), and the Concert Artists' Guild Competition (New York City). Having taught for five years at the University of Western Ontario, she moved to Vancouver where she has been an active soloist, orchestral musician, recording artist and teacher at the University of Victoria, Douglas College, and the Vancouver Academy of Music where she is Head of the Suzuki Flute Department.
Proceeds from the sale of Far Other Worlds have been donated to the Vancouver Academy of Music to establish a flute scholarship in her memory.


Finding that perfect date can be a fun, yet daunting task, especially when you want to get it just right. Picture lush, green rolling vineyards, scenic coastlines and 315 days of sunshine, as you are whisked away to San Luis Obispo County, your perfect weekend getaway. Choose from dozens of great date options for you and your love as you explore more than 10 different cities and towns. And that perfect date? We have compiled just a few top picks that we think will take your love to new heights. Check out one (or all four) of these not so typical ideas for your next dream date and celebrate Romance in San Luis Obispo County!
Beach bonfires are an especially romantic treat enjoyed along Central California's coast any time of year. Watch the sunset light up your love's eyes, light a fire in the sand and relish in the warm glow of the flames as you listen to the waves and roast s'mores on one of the many San Luis Obispo County beaches. Take the experience even further with Beach Butlerz, which creates a memorable occasion with one of their five beach bonfire packages, including a romantic beach bonfire complete with a canopy and plush pillows. Just select a beach in Cambria, Morro Bay, Cayucos, Avila Beach, Pismo Beach, Grover Beach or Oceano, and Beach Butlerz will set up the experience so all you have to do is arrive, sit back, relax and fall in love.
Exploring Beautiful (and Historic) Lighthouses Point San Luis Lighthouse and Piedras Blancas Light Station are each located on expansive coastal vistas along San Luis Obispo County's Central Coast. These iconic, historic structures hold a romantic allure and both offer spectacular tours. The Piedras Blancas Light Station is managed as an historic park and wildlife sanctuary and is part of the federally designated Outstanding Natural Area. Originally built in 1890 and beautifully restored, the Port San Luis Lighthouse provides a glimpse into the lives of lighthouse keepers and their families. The lighthouse also offers a stunning backdrop for that perfect engagement or wedding day. Let your love shine as the two of you go hand-in-hand on a tour of a lighthouse. After the tour, head over to the San Luis Obispo Little Theater for an evening show. It's a quaint, intimate venue that is one of the oldest continuously running community theatres in the nation.
Explore one of the dozens of trails in San Luis Obispo County, like Montaña de Oro State Park, one of area's most stunning and serene coastal locations. Explore the seven miles of rugged coastline, secluded beaches and coastal plains, and 8,000 ocean-front acres of hiking, biking, equestrian trails, breathtaking coastline, cliffs and tide pools. Immerse yourself in the natural beauty with a hike to find wildflowers, and then relax on the sandy shore at Spooner's Cove. Kick of your shoes and dip your toes in the water as you enjoy the sun setting amidst the ocean backdrop and emerald rolling hills.
No matter what you choose as your "perfect date", you can be sure you will fall head-over-heels in love with your sweetheart and San Luis Obispo County.
Plan your multi-day destination vacation at www.visitsanluisobispocounty.com.


text:
Best/Worst Airport Rankings 2018: Phoenix Comes in First, JFK Last
Two Hotels Roll Out Guest-Room Tablets and In-House Social Networks.
Nashville to Get Country's First Tri-Branded Marriott Hotel
New Coalition Forms to Battle Texas' Proposed Bathroom Bill
by Sarah J.F. Braley | January 12, 2017
A coalition of Texas convention and visitor bureaus, Texas businesses and meetings industry organizations has formed a coalition to fight Senate Bill 6, the Texas Privacy Act introduced to the state's legislature this month by State Sen. Lois Kolkhorst (R-Brenham). The proposed legislation, a so-called "bathroom bill," is similar to HB2, which was enacted in North Carolina last March; the Texas bill would require people to use the bathroom that corresponds to the gender on their birth certificate, directly discriminating against transgender people.
The new coalition, called Texas Welcomes All, includes VisitDallas, San Antonio, Austin, Arlington, Fort Worth, and other convention and visitors bureaus in Texas, as well as the Professional Convention Management Association, the American Society of Association Executives, the International Association of Exhibitions and Events, and TechNet, the leading technology trade group in Texas.
"Discrimination of any kind is wrong," said Phillip Jones, president and CEO, VisitDallas. "Rather than keep the status quo and let each Texas city determine its own community values, this legislation would essentially pre-empt Texas from doing business by bypassing every city's own social values to conform to one state standard."
According to a statement from the group, nearly 1,200 Texas employers, including 41 Fortune 500 companies, plus 21 Texas chambers of commerce and most of the major airlines and hotels, also are involved in saying there is significant economic risk in Texas being hostile to LGBT people -- and that protecting Texas' competitiveness costs nothing at all.
The coalition also stated that if the legislation is passed, the state could anticipate a short-term GDP loss of $8.5 billion annually due to lost travel and tourism revenues, and it would put an estimated 185,000 travel and tourism jobs at risk in Texas.
The fallout in North Carolina included cancellations by major performing artists, sporting events, and business conventions and meetings, and SB 6 critics say Texas could suffer the same fate.
"Restroom laws are one of the top policy deterrents for planning conventions, conferences and meetings," said Deborah Sexton, president and CEO of the Professional Convention Management Association, which just held its annual meeting in Austin this week. "Know that our industry holds 1.83 million meetings annually and brings $28 billion in U.S. federal, state and local taxes annually, with more than $280 billion in annual U.S. direct spending spurred by our sector. Should SB 6 be signed into law, you ensure Texas' future percentage of these taxes and spending will exponentially be reduced."
Speaking for ASAE, John H. Graham, IV, FASAE, CAE, president and CEO of the organization, said, "ASAE opposes any legislation that permits or even gives the appearance of tolerating discrimination. Similar to other bills of this type that we have seen proliferate across the country, Senate Bill 6 is discriminatory in that it is squarely aimed at denying public accommodations to members of the LGBTQ community. It also prohibits municipalities from passing their own inclusive public accommodation policies. Not only would this bill harm Texas's reputation as a welcoming state, it would very likely have severe economic consequences in the form of lost jobs, investments and event bookings throughout the state. ASAE is committed to working with our members, convention and visitor bureaus, and hospitality partners in Texas to address legislators' concerns while keeping Texas open and accessible for all."
"The Texas Privacy Act is a piece of legislation that is discriminatory and sends a message that Texas is unwelcoming," added Tom Noonan, president and CEO of the Austin Convention and Visitors Bureau. "Moreover, the passing of this bill or any other bathroom bill will have a huge financial impact on our state with the loss of hundreds of thousands of jobs and billions of dollars. We're asking other convention and visitor bureau leadership to join our coalition to keep Texas open for business and welcoming to all."


COPENHAGEN (AFP) - Many Danes on Monday defended the killing of a healthy but inbred giraffe at Copenhagen's zoo that triggered outrage after it chopped up and fed to lions in front of visitors.
Copenhagen Zoo staff received death threats after the killing on Sunday of the 18-month-old animal, named Marius, which shocked animal lovers around the world.
Thousands signed an online petition to save him, with a billionaire even offering to buy him and keep him in her Beverly Hills garden.
But in Denmark, a nation with many farms, an overwhelming majority of social media users felt the global outcry was a sign of hypocrisy and political correctness.
A leading expert also decried the "Disneyfication" of zoo animals, while a Danish academic said the issue exposed cultural differences.
A journalist for the Politiken newspaper, Kristian Madsen, wrote on Twitter: "The whole world has gone crazy. What do they imagine the lions eat on days without a treat such as Marius? Brussel sprouts?"
Mr Mikkel Dahlqvist, a PR consultant, tweeted: "Marius had a good home at the zoo for a year and a half. He lived, and now the lions are also happy and full."
Ms Dorte Dejbjerg Arens, a project coordinator, said: "I'm still livid over Marius. How can people get so hysterical over a giraffe while cancer, the war in Syria and the (anti-immigrant) Danish People's Party still exist."
The zoo said on its website it had no choice other than to prevent the animal attaining adulthood since under European Association of Zoos and Aquaria rules, inbreeding between giraffes is to be avoided.
However, the relatively muted public reaction in Denmark to Marius's death can partly be explained by cultural factors.
"Denmark was urbanised relatively late, which is why the general opinion here is that it's okay to keep and kill animals as long as you treat them well," said Dr Peter Sandoee, a professor of bioethics at the University of Copenhagen.
"Animal rights activists in Denmark aren't nearly as strong as they are in Britain or the US," he added.
Arguing that "one of the most fundamental aspects of animals' conditions in the wild is that only a fraction of them survive," Dr Sandoee slammed what he called the "Disneyfication" of zoos.
"You take this very romantic image of animals as people with fur or feathers. Animals are viewed as a type of citizen, with the implication that they should be treated on par with fellow human beings," he said.
Instead, a zoo's primary job should be to preserve different types of species and contribute to learning about how animals live in the wild, he said.
In the past, the Copenhagen zoo had allowed tigers and lions to reproduce, killing the "surplus offspring" rather than castrating the animals or giving them contraceptives, he added.
"I think Copenhagen Zoo takes a progressive stance here because in doing so they (mimic) the animals' natural life," he said.


text:
Amerigo Vespucci [] (* 9. März 1451 in Florenz; † 22. Februar 1512 in Sevilla) war ein Kaufmann, Seefahrer, Navigator und Entdecker. Während seiner Fahrten erforschte er weite Teile der Ostküste Südamerikas. Der deutsche Kartograf Martin Waldseemüller benannte 1507 den Doppelkontinent Amerika nach ihm.

Person
Amerigo Vespucci wurde als dritter Sohn am 18. März 1451 getauft. Sein Vater war der Notar Ser Nastagio Vespucci (1426–1482), seine Mutter Lisabetta geborene Mini (1435–1498), sein Großvater war der Notar Amerigo Vespucci (1394–1472). Amerigo Vespucci jr. wuchs in Italien auf und erhielt dort zwischen 1470 und 1476 Literatur- und Lateinunterricht. Seine Mitschüler waren unter anderen Piero Soderini (1452–1522) und Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici (1463–1503), an welche er später historisch wichtige Briefe versenden wird. Ein erhaltener Brief Vespuccis an seine Eltern vom 18. Oktober 1476 aus Mugello berichtete über eine sich dort ausbreitende Epidemie. Im Jahre 1482 trat Vespucci in das Bankhaus des Medici ein. Seit dem 10. März 1492 weilte er in Medicis Bankfiliale in Sevilla, wo er mit Christoph Kolumbus und Giannotto Berardi eine Finanzierungsgesellschaft für die erste Flotte von Kolumbus gründete. Nach dem Tod Berardis übernahm er 1495 die Leitung der Filiale. Seit jener Zeit kam Vespucci mit Entdeckungsreisen näher in Verbindung. Im März 1493 reiste Vespucci nach Lissabon, wo er König Johannes II. Bericht erstattete.

Entdeckungsreisen
Mangels Logbüchern oder wegen darin enthaltener ungenauer Angaben werden Amerigo Vespuccis Entdeckungsreisen von Historikern vor allem aus zwei Primärquellen verifiziert, dem Brief Mundus Novus (; von "Albericus Vespucius") an Medici vom 18. Juli 1500, wonach die Neue Welt ein Kontinent () sei, sowie dem Soderini-Brief vom 4. Juni 1504 (übergeben an Gaspar de Lemos, der sich auf der Rückreise nach Lissabon befand):

Erste Reise
10. Mai 1497 (Cádiz) – 15. Oktober 1498 (Cadiz): Vespucci reiste für Spanien im Auftrag König Ferdinand II. "zu den indischen Inseln" unter Kapitän Alonso de Hojeda mit vier Karavellen. Hojeda berichtete, dass er unter anderem Juan de la Cosa und "Morigo Vespuche" ausgewählt hatte. Das Festland () wurde erstmals Mitte August 1497 betreten, Vespucci nannte die Bewohner "Personen" () und nicht "indios".
Zweite Reise
16. Mai 1499 (Cadiz) – 8. September 1500 (Cadiz): Erneut reist er für Spanien im Auftrag von König Fernando unter Kapitän Hojeda mit diesmal drei Schiffen, die von der Amazonas-Mündung nach Venezuela (Halbinsel Paria) segelten. Am 23. August 1500 segelte die Flotte in der Maracaibo-See bis zum nördlichsten Punkt Südamerikas, Punta Gallinas; danach landeten sie noch auf "Hispaniola" (Haiti) und den Bahamas, bevor sie die Rückreise antraten. Von den Bahamas nahmen sie 232 Lucayans als Sklaven mit. Diese Reise wird im Soderini-Brief nicht erwähnt.
Dritte Reise
10. Mai 1501 (Lissabon) – 7. September 1502 (Lissabon): Diesmal reist Vespucci im Auftrag von Portugals König Manuel I. unter Kapitän Gonçalo Coelho mit drei Schiffen, von denen Gaspar de Lemos und Vespucci die kleineren steuerten. Die Abfahrt erfolgte am 4. Juni 1501, Zwischenhalt gab es in Besechicce/Dakar, ab 15. Februar 1502 übernahm Vespucci das Kommando Richtung Südost (), 2 Schiffe kehrten zurück nach Lissabon. Von dieser Fahrt berichtet er im berühmten Mundus Novus. Den Reisebericht liefert Vespucci im Brief an Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici, der jedoch wegen der Rivalität zwischen Vespucci und Coelho mit Vorsicht zu genießen ist. Der sich stets gut in Szene setzende Vespucci kritisierte seinen bescheidenen Kapitän als "…eingebildet und starrköpfig, ..nur weil er der Anführer von sechs Schiffen war".
Vierte Reise
10. Mai 1503 Kapverden – 18. Juni 1504 Lissabon: Wieder im Auftrag Manuels I. Kapitän Coelho hatte die Oberaufsicht über sechs Schiffe, Vespucci war einer der sechs Kapitäne. Die Flotte erlitt einen Schiffbruch durch Coelhos Flaggschiff bei Fernando de Noronha. Coelho floh mit drei Schiffen und kehrte angeblich erst Jahre später zurück, Vespucci wartete zwei Monate in der Allerheiligenbucht, baute danach in Cabo Frio ein Fort innerhalb von fünf Monaten und kehrte mit zwei Schiffen am 18. Juni 1504 zurück.

Während seiner Reisen erforschte er einen erheblichen Teil der Ostküste Südamerikas. Den jeweiligen Orten gab er Namen, zum Beispiel Venezuela (, weil die einheimische Bevölkerung an dieser Stelle Pfahlbauten errichtet hatte), das er 1499 mit dem Kapitän Alonso de Hojeda unter spanischer Flagge entdeckte. Die Benennung von Rio de Janeiro () am 1. Januar 1502 wird jedoch André Gonçalves zugeschrieben.

Weiteres Leben
Vespucci zeichnete offenbar eigene Weltkarten, von denen keine erhalten geblieben ist. Das Schicksal der Karten, die Vespucci im Jahr 1501 von seiner dritten Entdeckungsreise aus nach Italien sandte, ist unbekannt. Erhalten geblieben ist lediglich ein Brief des Entdeckers, den er am 18. Juli 1500 an seinen Arbeitgeber Lorenzo di Medici schrieb. Diesem legte er zwei – heute verschollene – Karten bei, für die er eigenes eine neue Projektion entwickelt hatte. Im September 1504 erschienen in Florenz die "Lettera di Amerigo Vespucci della isole nuovamente trovate in quattro suoi viaggi", wonach er vier Reisen unternommen hatte. Auch 1505 zeichnete er offenbar eine weitere Weltkarte.

Im August 1506 kehrte er von Sevilla nach Portugal zurück. Vespucci wurde am 22. März 1508 von der spanischen Königin Johanna zum "großen Kapitän Spaniens" () und damit königlichem Beamten ernannt, wodurch er für die Aktualisierung des Padrón Real zuständig wurde, der Landkarte, auf der alle Neuentdeckungen festgehalten wurden. Im selben Jahr heiratete er die aus Sevilla stammende Kaufmannstochter Maria Cerezo.

Vespucci verstarb 1512 in Sevilla und wurde dort begraben (zum Familiengrab in Florenz siehe unten). Das genaue Todesdatum 22. Februar 1512 stammt aus den Nachforschungen des Martín Fernández de Navarrete über Vespuccis Testament. Ein königliches Dekret vom 22. Mai 1512 sicherte der Witwe eine jährliche Pension von 10000 Maravedí zu.

Als erster Europäer verlieh er seiner Überzeugung Ausdruck, dass die Neue Welt ein eigener Kontinent sei. Die zahlreichen Ausgaben seiner Schriften, vor allem seiner Beschreibung der zweiten Reise, die unter dem Titel Mundus Novus herauskam, trugen wesentlich zur Verbreitung der Wahrheit über Ausmaß und Bedeutung der Entdeckung Amerikas bei: Nicht einige Inseln habe man entdeckt, sondern, wie er immer wieder betonte, eine völlig neue Welt, einen neuen Kontinent.

Umstrittene Briefe

Vespuccis Rolle wurde vielfach diskutiert, vor allem wegen zweier Briefe, deren Authentizität in Zweifel gezogen wurde:

Der lateinische Bericht Mundus Novus () wurde wohl erstmals 1502/03 in Florenz und Paris gedruckt, die erste datierte Ausgabe erschien 1504 bei Johann Otmar in Augsburg; zur dort geschilderten Reise sind die Abschriften zweier italienischer Briefe Vespuccis vom 4. Juni 1501 und von 1502 im Codice Vaglienti erhalten. Vespuccis Notizen besagten, dass man bei seiner dritten Reise (unter Coelho) am 15. Februar 1502 entlang der Küste bis 32° sBr. an der Mündung des Rio de la Plata vorgedrungen sei, was jedoch von Historikern überwiegend bezweifelt wird. Der sonst detailfreudige Vespucci erwähnte die Entdeckung dieser eindrucksvollen Bucht in seinen Schriften mit keinem Wort.

Der sogenannte Soderini-Brief erschien erstmals auf Italienisch zwischen 1504 und 1506 in Florenz, bekannt wurde aber vor allem die lateinische Übersetzung mit dem Titel Quatuor Americi Vesputii Navigationes (), die in Martin Waldseemüllers Cosmographiae Introductio von 1507 eingegangen ist. Auch hierzu findet sich eine Abschrift des Briefs von Vespucci vom 10. September 1504 an Pier Soderini im bereits erwähnten Codice Vaglienti.

Zu Lebzeiten Vespuccis wurden seine Briefe nicht angezweifelt, im Gegenteil: Sie waren ein Bestandteil der Karten von Martin Waldseemüller und Matthias Ringmann. Seefahrer, die nach den Kartenbestimmungen von Waldseemüller und folglich nach Angaben von Vespucci fuhren, kamen an den richtigen Orten an. Vespuccis Mundus Novus galt im Gegensatz zu den Kolumbus-Briefen des ausgehenden 15. Jahrhunderts als Werk der wissenschaftlichen Geographie und wurde im 16. Jahrhundert in 37 verschiedenen Sprachen gedruckt.

Die Zweifel einiger Historiker betreffen besonders drei falsche Positionsangaben, die Vespucci in seinen Briefen bei seiner ersten Fahrt 1497 und bei seiner vierten Fahrt 1503 angab. Die Fragen, ob die Positionsangaben von Vespucci Übertragungs- bzw. Überlieferungsfehler sind, sind berechtigt. Selbst bei seinem Geburtsjahr oder bei seinem lateinischen Namen sind im Laufe der Zeit Übertragungs- und Überlieferungsfehler entstanden. Einige bestehen darauf, er sei im Jahre 1454 geboren, andere behaupten, im Jahre 1451. In jüngster Zeit unternahm Robert Wallisch den Versuch, die Einwände gegen die Echtheit des Mundus-Novus-Briefes zu entkräften, und führte sprachliche Argumente für die Autorschaft Vespuccis ins Feld.

Amerigo Vespucci als Namensgeber Amerikas

Auf der weiten Verbreitung dieser Briefe Vespuccis beruht die Entscheidung des deutschen Kartografen Martin Waldseemüller, auf seiner Weltkarte von 1507 den neuen Kontinent "America" zu nennen. Waldseemüller leitete die Bezeichnung von dem latinisierten Namen "Americus Vespucius" ab und schrieb mit Matthias Ringmann zusammen in der Cosmographiae Introductio 1507 Folgendes:

Mit der Benennung der Neuen Welt nach seiner Person ging Amerigo Vespuccis Wunsch, wiedergegeben in seinem Reisebericht Mundus Novus (1503), schon zu seinen Lebzeiten in Erfüllung: "[…] ut mei recordatio apud posteros vivat […]".

Diese Namengebung kann damit gerechtfertigt werden, dass Christoph Kolumbus stets der Ansicht war, einen neuen Seeweg nach "Indien" entdeckt zu haben. Deshalb nannte er die von ihm auf dem Weg nach Westen entdeckten Inseln auch "Westindische Inseln" und ihre Bewohner "Indianer". Amerigo Vespucci dagegen vermutete richtig, dass es sich bei dem entdeckten Land um einen neuen Kontinent handelte.

Erst im Jahr 1513, ein Jahr nach Vespuccis Tod, erreichte Vasco Núñez de Balboa den Pazifischen Ozean von der Ostküste Panamas aus und erbrachte damit den Nachweis, dass es sich bei den neu entdeckten Küsten tatsächlich nicht um Asien, sondern um einen eigenen Kontinent handelt.

Rezeption

Bis zum Gerichtsurteil in Madrid Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts, angestrebt durch die Enkel Kolumbus' und die spanische Krone, galt Amerigo Vespucci offiziell als bedeutendster Entdecker Amerikas.

Die Florentiner Kirche Ognissanti (Allerheiligenkirche) war die Hauskirche der Vespucci. Im Innern der Kirche, rechts kurz nach dem Eingang, befindet sich ein Fresko von Ghirlandaio aus dem Jahr 1473, eine Schutzmantelmadonna. Unter dem rechten Arm der Madonna ist ein Bildnis von Amerigo Vespucci. Auf der Grabplatte für Amerigo Vespucci ist als Todesdatum (in römischen Ziffern) 1471 erwähnt. Dies meint seinen Großvater.

Nach ihm wurden auch das jetzt noch in Betrieb befindliche Segelschulschiff der italienischen Marine (Heimathafen Livorno) sowie der Flughafen seiner Heimatstadt Florenz benannt.

Auch die Pflanzengattung Vespuccia  aus der Familie der Schwanenblumengewächse (Butomaceae) wurde nach ihm benannt.

Ausgaben und Übersetzungen
 Robert Wallisch (Hrsg.): Der Mundus Novus des Amerigo Vespucci. Text, Übersetzung und Kommentar. 3., überarbeitete Auflage. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2012, ISBN 978-3-7001-3069-7
 Norbert Schulz (Hrsg.): Amerigo Vespucci: Mundus Novus (mit Zweittexten) (= Neulateinische Texte für den altsprachlichen Unterricht. Vivarium, Series neolatina. Band 2). MMO Verlag zur Förderung des Mittel- und Neulateinischen, Butjadingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-9811144-2-3

Literatur
 Norbert Ankenbauer: "Das ich mochte meer newer dyng erfaren". Die Versprachlichung des Neuen in den Paesi novamente retrovati (Vicenza, 1507) und in ihrer deutschen Übersetzung (Nürnberg, 1508). Frank & Timme, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86596-310-9.
 Germán Arciniegas: América, 500 años de un nombre. Vida y época de Amerigo Vespucci. Villegas Editores, Bogotá, 3. Aufl. 2002, ISBN 958-8160-31-6.
 Urs Bitterli: Die Entdeckung Amerikas. Von Kolumbus bis Alexander von Humboldt. C.H. Beck, München 1999, ISBN 3-406-42122-9.
 Rudolf Eger: Amerigo Vespucci. Das Abenteuer eines Entdeckers. Melchert, Hamburg 1986, ISBN 3-87152-207-4.
 Felipe Fernández-Armesto: Amerigo. The man who gave his name to America. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London 2006, ISBN 0-297-84802-X
 Camargo Gabriel Pérez: Colombia 1497, primer arribo español a tierra firme. Instituto Colombiano de Cultura Hispánica, Bogotá 1985.
 Timothy Sodmann: Nachwort zu "Mundus novus". Borken/Winterswijk 1991.
 Luigi Ugolini: Er gab Amerika den Namen. Leben und Zeit des Amerigo Vespucci. Styria, Graz 1974, ISBN 3-222-10691-6.

Weblinks

  (portugiesisch)

Einzelnachweise

Entdecker (15. Jahrhundert)
Entdeckung Amerikas
Seefahrer
Person (Republik Florenz)
Literatur (Neulatein)
Geboren 1451
Gestorben 1512
Mann
Namensgeber für ein Schiff
Südamerikaforscher

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Green growth is rapidly overtaking the brown economy, as more and more people begin to feel the pinch of rising energy costs. The UK has been a leading innovator in the field of smart energy and energy conservation with companies like British Gas leading the way with the installation of over two million smart devices to lower energy costs for consumers. You don't need to wait for British Gas to deliver money saving devices or gadgets to your home, as the market for energy saving gadgets is big and getting bigger. The internet of things (IoT) promises to deliver even more practical applications and devices that puts you first and saves you money. Gadgets, devices and programmes are geared towards all income levels, so you can start cutting back on your consumption even if you only have a couple of quid to spare, or you could go the whole hog and drop a big bag of cash on a home makeover.
Technology continues bringing more products to the market that run the green economy. In today's world of innovation, energy conservation is as easy as one-two-three and can be tailor-made to suit your budget.
Here are five ways in which you can start saving money now.
British Gas's smart meter programme is projected to be the standard in all households come 2020. British Gas smart meters have a handy in-home monitor which shows your energy consumption in pounds and pence, allowing you to identify areas of wastage and showing where you can cut back on consumption. In addition, the meter sends the readings straight to British Gas via GPRS, so your bill will no longer be an estimate but an accurate reflection of your reading. The meters will be installed at no additional cost to homeowners. There is currently a Winter Warmer sale which will last until the 27th of February, which gives cash back or vouchers for replacing or insuring your boiler. Be sure to check out the website to take advantage of the sale.
Energy monitors show you how much electricity you use daily, as well as where that energy is consumed. This allows you to identify the areas where you can cut back on your consumption. A device clips onto your electricity meter, while a transmitter relays the information to a handheld screen where you can see your real-time usage in kWh or pounds and pence. You can see just how much you pay to wash or dry a load of laundry, or to boil a full or half-full kettle.
A survey uSwitch published in October 2014 showed that 70 per cent of households leave electrical appliances switched into plugs with the mains on. This phantom load (energy that is drained even when appliances and devices are switched off) isn't just a waste of power, but it's also a waste of money. The total cost of standby electricity usage in the UK amounts to £227 million a year. Rather a hefty bill, which is why, according to Hannah Nemeth, remote-controlled sockets are the smart answer. These sockets allow you to use your remote control to switch off all your devices and gadgets. They're widely available and very well priced. Multi-socket extension leads 'sense' when your TV is switched off and automatically switches off all peripherals, like your DVD player.
Central heating costs a packet, but you can save money and energy by using intelligent heating systems. There are a number of smart systems available on the market, so be sure to shop around, until you've had a good look at what's available to see what's the best fit for you financially. Once again British Gas is something of a pioneer with its Hive Active Heating which allows you to control your heating and hot water by smartphone, tablet or laptop. Scottish Power Connect uses technology by home technology specialist Climote to control heating and hot water from a mobile. Npower has the Nest Learning Thermostat, a heating programmer and thermostat in one, which automatically turns itself down, and can be controlled by a smartphone, tablet or laptop. The Nest Thermostat notes the temperatures you like and creates a personalised schedule for you.


text:
Bidessus omercooperae är en skalbaggsart som beskrevs av Olof Biström 1985. Bidessus omercooperae ingår i släktet Bidessus och familjen dykare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Dykare
omercooperae


Drag Prime member column to x-axis.
Drag Customer column to overlay role.
Drag Prime member column to color role.
Change the bar element property to stacked.
Change the bar element summary statistic to % of total.
Double click the y-axis and chane the format to best from percent.
And is the JSL script to reproduce.
Thanks for the reply! This is helpful.. But not exactly what I wanted.
I want to make this chart and attach to the main table itself. Because I will have other charts as well which I want to put together in a dashboard. Thanks agian!
Please check out the graph below. This was built in Graph Builder with a couple of drags and a click or something like that. Since you are newer to JMP I am guessing you have not used Graph Builder.
I'm looking to report the unique count of customers by prime membership. So, the count on PRIME would be 2 and NON PRIME would be 3 as in the below chart. I guess there should be some grouping by customer and summarize before doing this chart.
You hit it with grouping and summarizing. Use Tables > Summary and place Prime Member and Customer into Group. This will give you a new table and you can make your chart from there.
Awesome! That worked perfect and exactly what I was looking for. Thanks a ton!


Greetings. The author's name is Amos Meurer. Modelling trains is there isn't a she loves most regarding.
Indiana is where her home is and her parents live community.
Curing people may be the her primary income is inspired by and she's doing very good financially.


Enjoying rocking the red one, so much in fact I've just purchased a second one. Will sell off my Fred Perrys to pay for it (can't see myself wearing them anymore).
Email: Send Bn1966 an email.
Private Message: Send Bn1966 a private message.


text:
Is 'Made In America' Primed For A Comeback?
More Companies Could Manufacture In The U.S. By Investing In Automation
Image courtesy frankieleon
The decline in American manufacturing and the rise of products made in China have frustrated America workers and been fodder for political commentators for years.
But more recently, signs have emerged that a reversal of fortunes is in the making.
Rising labor costs in China have prompted many manufacturers to look elsewhere to produce their goods. Some upped their production in other Asian countries, such as Vietnam, but the stage also was set for many businesses producing overseas to return to the U.S.
All about automation
Of course, some never left these shores to begin with.
"In many cases, companies can manufacture in the United States if they are willing to invest in automation," says Susan Schlapkohl of InterVac Design (www.intervacdesign.com), which makes built-in vacuum cleaner systems for boats, RVs and small homes.
"A lot of businesses were drawn overseas because they felt the cost-savings associated with foreign production made sense. Now that studies show the cost gap between the United States and China is shrinking, they are starting to see the advantages of coming back home."
Now that studies show the cost gap between the United States and China is shrinking, they are starting to see the advantages of coming back home
Schlapkohl understood those advantages all along. She and her husband, Peter, an engineer who emigrated from Germany in 1964, were determined to keep InterVac's production in the United States when they founded their company in 1998.
"We were certain that with our automation and design background, we would be able to make our vacuum cleaners in America using American workers," Schlapkohl says. "We were right."
Schlapkohl isn't the only one who is high on America's odds of rebounding on the manufacturing front.
The Boston Consulting Group, a global management consulting firm, said in 2011 that China's manufacturing-cost advantage over the U.S. was shrinking rapidly.
The firm predicted then that within five years rising Chinese wages, higher U.S. productivity and other factors would "virtually close the cost gap between the U.S. and China for many goods consumed in North America."
"We are starting to see that happening," Schlapkohl says.
She says in her view, "Made in America" is more than just a slogan. It makes good business sense. She offers a few reasons why.
It's much easier to maintain quality when you are overseeing the process yourself, rather than farming out the job to someone in a foreign country, Schlapkohl says. "In our case, we wanted to make sure we were shipping vacuum cleaners that meet our standards as well as the standards of Underwriters Laboratories," she says. "So we invested in automation, because that is the only way to deliver a consistent product at a competitive price."
The rise in Chinese labor costs that made the wage gap less significant is just one factor that is making domestic production more enticing. Shipping costs also have jumped. Meanwhile, a reduction in domestic natural gas prices has helped keep electricity costs from soaring. "Also, when you are importing, you fight the battle of what product mix to bring in," Schlapkohl says. "If you guess wrong, you end up with higher inventory levels and that reduces profit because of slow inventory turnover."
Americans need jobs, so any time a company can keep them here rather than ship them overseas is a win, Schlapkohl says. Those jobs help boost the overall economy, she says, which improves business for everyone.
For anyone who says manufacturing companies can't compete if they don't go overseas, my response is simple," Schlapkohl says. "At InterVac, we've been making our products in the United States for 17 years. So don't tell me it's not possible."
About Susan Schlapkoh
Susan Schlapkohl, who has a background in finance and investment, is founder with her husband, Peter, of InterVac Design (www.intervacdesign.com), which manufactures built-in vacuum cleaner systems for boats, RVs and small homes. Schlapkohl previously had 30 years of banking experience, and also was president of JJFN Services Inc., which purchased model homes from builders and leased them back to the builder.
09/08/2015 • Filed Under: e-Page2, Emerging Trends • Tags: enewslink
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text:
The measure that matters
By John Le Mesurier - posted Friday, 29 October 2010 Sign Up for free e-mail updates!
Internationally, Academies of Science and other scientific institutions recognise, explain and recommend on the need to curtail greenhouse gas emissions in order to limit global warming. They advise their respective governments of options which can be taken to achieve these reductions and the consequences of conducting 'business as usual'.
The response of governments has largely been encouraging. All have accepted the scientific advice given. All have declared that they are taking action to reduce emissions and all have agreed that this is necessary to limit temperature increase to no more than 2C above the preindustrial level by 2100.
Among the world's leading polluters are those who declare that they are effectively reducing their emissions. They say this is being achieved through initiatives such as reducing the intensity of their emissions, increasing off-sets through land use, using energy more efficiently, seeking action by industry and by increasing the level of energy produced from renewable sources.
Lamentably, a few refuse to take a national approach or commit to realistic reduction targets, the USA for example. Some justify their approach by asserting that protection of their economies and popular welfare (code for company profits) must be accorded a higher priority than the causes of global warming and its effects. Others argue that more developed countries should reduce their emissions first.
The contention that the basic measure of emissions should be calculated on a per capita of population basis is a dangerous nonsense where global warming is concerned. It may be advocated by a few economists of prominence such as Dr Ross Garnaut though understandably, not by climate scientists.
Think about the logic of it. Countries with the largest populations, the highest and most rapidly growing levels of greenhouse gas emissions will have lower per capita emissions than most countries with relatively small populations and lower emissions. Ergo. The highest polluters should be permitted to continue polluting until they reach the same per-capita level as countries with much lower emissions.
On the basis of this argument, China which emitted 6.538 billion tonnes of CO2 in 2007 (4.58 tonnes per capita) should be permitted to increase its total emissions and Australia, which emitted 374.045 million tonnes CO2 in 2007, (20.58 tonnes per capita) should be required to cut its emissions until per capita equilibrium is reached.
We are being asked to believe that emission of 6 million tonnes of CO2 is of less importance to global warming than is emission of 374 thousand tonnes or 16 times less. Yet it is obvious, even to an economist, that 6 million tonnes of CO2 have a far greater effect on global warming than does 374 thousand tonnes.
Nations responsible for the highest levels of greenhouse gas pollution are among the most vociferous in protesting their good intentions, though they often sound as though they are justifying their choice of action - or is it inertia?
Japan argued that mitigating action such as better use of land and encouraging industry to take voluntary action would result in a reduction of its emissions which in 1990 were 1.172 billion tonnes of CO2. They were expected to fall by 25% by 2020. By 2010 they had in fact increased to 1.327 billion tonnes. Off-setting action has obviously been ineffective, something Japan now recognises.
It should be expected that the efforts of the largest emitting countries would by now have at least slowed and hopefully stopped an increase in the concentration of CO2, CH4 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Has this happened? No. Indeed just the opposite outcome has been achieved with global atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations showing unabated growth.
John Le Mesurier born in Sydney and educated at State Schools, then TAFE where he completed a course in accountancy. John is now employed as an accountant with responsibility for audit and budget performance. He has no science qualifications but has read extensively on the topics of global warming and climate change, both the views of scientists and sceptics.
» Needed and inevitable - a price on carbon - December 24, 2010
» Populate for lower living standards - December 8, 2010
» The creeping menace - November 3, 2010
» The declining role of coal - October 13, 2010
» The importance of GRACE - October 7, 2010
All articles by John Le Mesurier


text:
Q: scanf converting the £ charatcter to œ in a string I am trying to read an input string containing £ character and other usual character using scanf , but the £ character is getting converted to œ .
Can you please help to resolve the same.
#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
    char a[20];

    printf(" Enter the string");
    scanf("%s",a);
}

The above code snippet is a part of the code , I am trying to give the input string as "Surya£07", and passing the a to another function.
I am trying this on the visual studio 2010 and seeing that the value in the scanf is Suryaœ07.

A: Try this:
TCHAR a[20];
wscanf(L"%s", a);

wprintf(L"%s", a);

You have to define _UNICODE before running the code.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


/ How Will I Know If I Have Impacted Wisdom Teeth?
When I was quite a bit younger, my orthodontist showed me on X-rays of my jaw that I will only have two wisdom teeth (lower jaw). The one has recently started appearing above the gum. At what point can I tell if it is impacted? It has not been too painful.
The only way to really know if a wisdom tooth that is partially through the gum is impacted is to see a dentist or an oral surgeon for an X-ray.
Although some people never have any trouble with them, impacted wisdom teeth can cause problems. An impacted wisdom tooth can sometimes trap food, plaque, and other debris in the soft tissue around it, leading to swelling, gum tenderness, cavities, and bad breath.
You should see your dentist or oral surgeon to find out if your tooth is impacted. Dentists or oral surgeons often remove impacted wisdom teeth because they may damage other teeth or cause pain or infection.


embedded in my DNA, rooted in my core!
they tried to silence when he dared to speak!
Yes, the senile sent many into exile, barred many behind bars.
He points at an empty page and says, this is your armor!
But I dare not stop!
so like the others I carry on running!
never have I felt hunger pangs rip through my insides.
never been kicked and punched till my bones went snap!
worse off than those that felt the pain!
I have scars, deep rooted scars.
of tears burned into my skin! I have scars!
and a tongue too heavy to carry its mother tongue.
and unsure like a baby antelope.
do not hear what my ancestors say!
Gibberish! Gibberish all I speak is English.
Tell me, who is free?
I have neither so what does that make me?
without freedom of tongue how can I be free???
Look at me! Do I look free to you?
A child born in prison on foreign land.
Chained and shackled by my own.
I am not afraid coz I am not free, I am afraid coz I am not me!!
So when I arrive tell me, who will I be with if I am not with me!
I am the girl from nowhere who shall return from where she came!
Wangari Ngugi is the daughter of the late Ngugi Wa Mirii. She was born in exile in Harare, Zimbabwe and thus goes by the name 'daughter of exile'. She is inspired to write by her experiences growing up as well as current economic, social and political issues affecting our world today.
She is a passionate performer who hopes to be published by the end of 2011, who is currently working on a book as well as a compilation of her poetry. She has written two poems for the 'We want Peace' campaign spear headed by Emmanuel Jal aimed at creating awareness about the need for global action to prevent war in Sudan. Her work can also be found www.myndz-community.com where she blogs occasionally.


The current appeals allowance rate at the WSIB is 28%, with allowances in part being 9% of the total. The WSIB has set a "target" rate for allowances of 26-33%. The appeals allowance "target" is a new metric for the WSIB, although the Board in years past did provide statistics on appeals allowance rates.


text:
Back to Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
About the Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
The Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) provides excellence in care for patients with ear, nose and throat (ENT) conditions and disorders. Our otolaryngologists are recognized as among the most experienced and are experts in the field.
Under the leadership of the division chief Ravindra Uppaluri, MD, PhD, our board-certified specialists provide personalized care for a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions affecting the ear, nose and throat. We are key collaborators on the team for head and neck cancers at the Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center.
Our patient-centered philosophy of care integrates a multidisciplinary team of BWH specialists, referring physicians with the patient and family members. Care is tailored to each patient and includes the latest medical techniques and surgical treatment, including minimally invasive approaches that often result in less pain and shortened hospital stays. We consider every aspect of the patient experience — diagnosis, treatment and recovery — with compassionate attention.
Why Brigham and Women's Hospital for Otolaryngology Care?
Surgical excellence for the full spectrum of ear, nose and throat (ENT) conditions, from the common to complex.
Otolaryngologists with years of advanced training, clinical experience and scientific research in specialty areas including cancers affecting the ear, nose and throat.
Exceptional proficiency in revising prior surgeries of the ear, nose and throat to improve patient outcomes.
Balanced approach between surgical and medical treatment centered on evidence-based approach to patient care.
Wide experience treating swallowing disorders including Zenker's diverticulum.
Office-based treatment for nasal and sinus procedures including minimally invasive procedures.
Functional endoscopic surgery (FESS) for sinus conditions.
Expertise in treatment and care of the voice including laryngeal surgery with laser technology and voice assessments and therapy for performers and public speakers.
Part of an elite group of hospitals nationwide using transoral robotic surgery (TORS), a minimally invasive approach for patients with benign throat tumors and early-stage throat cancer.
Hearing Technology Center, staffed by certified audiologists, offering a full range of hearing products including the latest digital technology.
Participants on a multidisciplinary surgical team performing the first full face transplant in the United States in 2011.
Nationally recognized board-certified otolaryngologists who are on the faculty of Harvard Medical School.
Training the next generation of otolaryngologists through the Harvard Residency Program in Otolaryngology, an affiliation between Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
Key contributors to the advancement of otolaryngology practice through research and development of the widely used clinical criteria for diagnosing chronic sinusitis, treatment protocols for sinusitis and for vertigo.
Collaborative team approach combining expert otolaryngologists with specialists from surgery, neurology, medical and radiation oncology, radiology, pathology, anesthesiology and more.
Patient coordinators providing seamless appointment access and patient information.
Learn more about disorders of the ear, nose and throat, tests and treatment in our health library.
Our Otolaryngology Team


The Vanadium Bull And One Vanadium Stock That Few Talk About .
Aug 2, 2017 . Vanadium pentoxide price (V2O5), reached US$12.4/lb, having more than doubled from US$5/lb when I started covering vanadium 8 months ago. The price is up over 500% since January 2016. Mining Billionaire Mr. Robert Friedland was seen in a Vanadium induced ecstasy at a London resource.
The Vanadium Bull (500%) and One Vanadium Stock That Few Talk .
Jul 31, 2017 . "in a Vanadium induced ecstasy. Never could we have imagined the metal having such a euphoric effect. In any case it gave the Friedland imprimatur to a metal which most metals watchers have rarely paid any attention to due to it (largely) being a by product of other mining and curiously of the petroleum.
Aug 23, 2010 . By Leia Michele TooveyExclusive to Vanadium Investing News Vanadium is a strategic metal and is used in the production of high quality metal alloys. It's.
Mar 17, 2017 . Checkout our Mining Process & Lab Equipment SelectionCLICK HERE TO ENTER. Mineral Processing & Metallurgy . The extraction and recovery process of vanadium as a by product from the tailings of a uranium processing plant poses many problems. In this study vanadium is recovered from.
Oct 26, 2017 . Is vanadium set to be the next star of the booming global battery market? The metal, traditionally used as a material to strengthen steel, has made a comeback in the past two years as demand has re emerged. Prices for the metal have soared since July, continuing a rapid rise that started in early 2016.
Flood of announcements from flow battery makers . Energy Storage .
Nov 22, 2017 . Following the deployment of a 1MWh unit in the south west of England, British 'flow machine' maker RedT said that it had received an order for nine . Several other announcements have been made regarding vanadium mining and potential supply deals for the energy storage industry, varying in size,.
Jan 31, 2018 . Comprehensive information on Vanadium stocks, mining companies and prices. The latest Vanadium investment information and news.
Apr 10, 2018 . Vanadium needs Elon Musk or another big player in the global battery market to get behind the metal in order to share centre stage with other energy storage components such as lithium and cobalt. When we get that moment, we're off to the races, Vincent Algar, MD of Australian Vanadium, said in an.
From buildings to batteries: is the time right for Vanadium? Mining .
Jan 10, 2018 . While mostly synonymous with steel reinforcement, vanadium has emerged as a useful mineral for electricity storage and batteries. As the world slowly transitions away from fossil fuels, the metal could have a big role to play, but the economics remain uncompetitive for mines, writes Ross Davies. Previous.
Bear On Oil, And Bull On Vanadium VanadiumCorp Resource Inc.
Aug 24, 2017 . According to a Forbes article dated February 2017 by Jude Clemente titled Texas' Permian Basin: An Oil and Natural Gas Machine, The decrease in .. Gibellini vanadium deposit, 250 miles east of Tesla's gigafactory in Nevada and potentially become the first primary vanadium mine in the United States.
Vanadium Could End up Taking a Lead in Energy Storage for Grid .
May 2, 2018 . Vanadium, an element previously used to create strong steel alloys, is now being recognized as a key component in safer, longer lasting batteries. Currently, there are no significantly active vanadium mines in North America and even with the surge in demand, most supply still comes from China, Russia,.
Nov 30, 2016 . In addition to the above, vanadium is also found in deposits of phosphate rock, titaniferous magnetite, uraniferous sandstone and siltstone, although it makes up less than two percent of the rock. What's more, vanadium is also also found as a byproduct of uranium mining. The USGS further reports that.
Nov 21, 2017 . Largo Resources Ltd. (LGO:TSX) offers a pure play on vanadium. The company hosts the Maracás Menchen Mine in Brazil, which, according to the company, boasts the world's highest grade vanadium deposit with a P&P reserve grade of 1.17% vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), with low costs of production.
A mining operation in South Africa will start managing the cost of its consumed energy with the deployment of eight flow batteries from Primus Power. . What is thought to be the largest operating containerised vanadium redox flow machine system in the UK has been connected to the grid by manufacturer redT energy, with.
Nov 15, 2017 . Australian Vanadium Ltd (ASX:AVL) The company is advancing Gabanintha towards feasibility and production. . AVL recently appointed Mastermines as a mining materials promotion and marketing consultancy with an experienced China focused team. Mastermines has aggressively commenced activity.
The world's largest mines of vanadium are from titaniferous magnetite reserves in such regions as the Bushveld of South Africa, the Kachkanar Massif of the Ural .. Steel castings with vanadium additions also exhibit pronounced shock and wear resistance, which makes them useful in heavy duty equipment and machinery.