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"The term metafiction appears to have been coined in English by William H. Gass in his 1970 essay "Philosophy and the Form of Fiction" while the term metapainting appeared in English perhaps for the first time in the 1978 essay "Levels of Reality in Literature" by Italo Calvino." --Sholem Stein
This page Metafiction is part of the meta series.
Illustration: Reverse Side of a Painting (1670) by Cornelis Norbertus Gysbrechts, an example of metapainting.
Metafiction is a narrative technique and a genre of fiction, wherein a fictional work (novel, film, play, etc.) is self-conscious or openly draws attention to the fact that it is imaginary. Metafiction poses philosophic and critical questions about the relation between fiction and reality, usually by applying irony and self-reflection. As a genre, metafiction is comparable to presentational theatre, which continually reminds the audience that they are viewing a play; metafiction continually reminds the reader to be aware that he or she is reading or viewing a fictional work.
3 Various devices of metafiction
3.1 More on devices
4 Film and television
5 Metatheatre
6 Some more examples of metafiction
Metafiction is primarily associated with late modernist and postmodernist literature, but is found at least as early as Homer's Odyssey, Chaucer's 14th century Canterbury Tales, and Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy (1756). Cervantes' Don Quixote, published in the 17th century, is a metafictional novel and so is James Hogg's The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner published in 1824. Russian author Nikolai Gogol implements a limited, self-referencing narrator in his novel, Dead Souls published in 1842. The novels of Flann O'Brien are considered to be examples of metafiction. In the 1950s several French novelists published works whose styles were collectively dubbed "nouveau roman". These "new novels" were characterized by the bending of genre and style and often included elements of metafiction. It became prominent in the 1960s, with authors and works such as John Barth's Lost in the Funhouse, Robert Coover's "The Babysitter" and "The Magic Poker", Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five, John Fowles' The French Lieutenant's Woman, Thomas Pynchon's The Crying of Lot 49 and William H. Gass's Willie Master's Lonesome Wife. William H. Gass coined the term "metafiction" in a 1970 essay entitled "Philosophy and the Form of Fiction". Unlike the antinovel, or anti-fiction, metafiction is specifically fiction about fiction, i.e. fiction which deliberately reflects upon itself.
William H. Gass coined the term "metafiction" in a 1970 essay entitled "Philosophy and the Form of Fiction".
Various devices of metafiction
Some common metafictive devices in literature include:
A story about a writer creating a story; e.g. At Swim-Two-Birds by Flann O'Brien, Stephen King's Misery and Secret Window, Secret Garden, Ian McEwan's Atonement, The Counterfeiters by André Gide, John Irving's The World According to Garp, Alone on a Wide, Wide Sea by Michael Morpurgo, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce, Oracle Night by Paul Auster, and Cy Coleman's 1989 Tony Award best musical, City of Angels.
A story about a reader reading a book; e.g. The Neverending Story by Michael Ende, Italo Calvino's If on a winter's night a traveler, Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo, Elizabeth Kostova's The Historian and The Princess Bride by William Goldman.
A story that features itself (as a narrative or as a physical object) as its own prop or MacGuffin; e.g. Cornelia Funke's Inkheart (which also plays a role in the sequels); The Dark Tower by C. S. Lewis. Ira Levin's play Deathtrap is an extreme example.
A story containing another work of fiction within itself; e.g. The Laughing Man, The Dark Tower, The Iron Dream, The Crying of Lot 49, Sophie's World, A Clockwork Orange, Pale Fire, The Princess Bride, Houdini Heart, The Island of the Day Before, Steppenwolf, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay, The Man in the High Castle, Heart of Darkness.
A story addressing the specific conventions of story, such as title, character conventions, paragraphing or plots; e.g. Lost in the Funhouse and On with the Story by John Barth, The Last Unicorn by Peter S. Beagle, or Stephen Sondheim's musical Into the Woods.
A novel where the narrator intentionally exposes him or herself as the author of the story; e.g. The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, The Razor's Edge, Mister B. Gone, The Unbearable Lightness of Being, The Plague, Even Cowgirls Get the Blues, The BFG, O Tempo e o Vento, The Museum of Innocence, Ishmael Reed's Japanese by Spring, The French Lieutenant's Woman, A Series of Unfortunate Events, Samuel R. Delany's Nova.
A book in which the book itself seeks interaction with the reader; e.g. Willie Masters' Lonely Wife by William H. Gass, House of Leaves by Mark Z. Danielewski, or Don't Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus! by Mo Willems.
A story in which the readers of the story itself force the author to change the story; e.g. More Bears! by Kenn Nesbitt.
Narrative footnotes, which continue the story while commenting on it; e.g. Nabokov's Pale Fire, House of Leaves, Infinite Jest by David Foster Wallace, Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell by Susanna Clarke, Alan Moore's From Hell, Cable & Deadpool by Fabian Nicieza, An Abundance of Katherines by John Green, Shriek: An Afterword by Jeff VanderMeer, many books by Robert Rankin, and the Discworld novels by Terry Pratchett.
A story in which the characters are aware that they are in a story; e.g., Redshirts by John Scalzi, the Henry Potty parody series, and various works by Robert Rankin.
An autobiographical fiction in which the main character, by the last parts of the book, has written the first parts and is reading some form of it to an audience: Shoplifting from American Apparel by Tao Lin, Anathem by Neal Stephenson.
Films which use metafictive devices include Adaptation, which wraps metafictively around the real-world non-fiction book The Orchid Thief, and Barton Fink, as well as the thrillers The Usual Suspects, Memento and Inception. Examples of other media which take part in metafictiveness are Al Capp's Fearless Fosdick in Li'l Abner, the Tales of the Black Freighter in Watchmen, or the Itchy and Scratchy Show within The Simpsons, as well as the computer game Myst in which the player represents a person who has found a book named Myst and been transported inside it.
The theme of metafiction may be central to the work, as in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman (1759) or as in Herman Melville's The Confidence Man, Chapter XIV, in which the narrator talks about the literary devices used in the other chapters. But as a literary device, metafiction has become a frequent feature of postmodernist literature. Examples such as If on a winter's night a traveler by Italo Calvino, "a novel about a person reading a novel" is an exercise in metafiction. Paul Auster has made metafiction the central focus of his writing and is probably the best known active novelist specialising in the genre. Often metafiction figures for only a moment in a story, as when "Roger" makes a brief appearance in Roger Zelazny's The Chronicles of Amber.
It can be used in multiple ways within one work. For example, novelist Tim O'Brien, a Vietnam War veteran, writes in his short story collection The Things They Carried about a character named "Tim O'Brien" and his war experiences in Vietnam. Tim O'Brien, as the narrator, comments on the fictionality of some of the war stories, commenting on the "truth" behind the story, though all of it is characterized as fiction. In the story chapter How to Tell a True War Story, O'Brien comments on the difficulty of capturing the truth while telling a war story. In Stephen King's The Dark Tower series, King himself appears as a pivotal character set with the task of writing The Dark Tower books so that the main characters can continue their quest. Other Stephen King books, and characters from them, are mentioned in the narrative. In an afterword to the series finale (The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower), King details why he chose to include himself in his novel. And in James Patterson's Alex Cross series, Along Came a Spider is both the book written by Patterson and a book written by Cross about the events depicted in the book.
One of the most sophisticated treatments of the concept of the novel in a novel occurs in Muriel Spark's debut, The Comforters. Spark imbues Caroline, her central character, with voices in her head which constitutes the narration Spark has just set down on the page. In the story Caroline is writing a critical work on the form of the novel when she begins to hear a tapping typewriter (accompanied by voices) through the wall of her house. The voices dictate a novel to her, in which she believes herself to be a character. The reader is thereby continually drawn to the narrative structure, which in turn is the story, i.e. a story about storytelling which itself disrupts the conventions of storytelling. At no point does Spark as author enter the narrative however, remaining omniscient throughout and adhering to the conventions of third-person narration.
According to Patricia Waugh "all fiction is . . . implicitly metafictional," since all works of literature are concerned with language and literature itself. Some elements of metafiction are similar to devices used in metafilm techniques.
More on devices
Common literary devices of metafiction:
A story about a writer who creates a story; for example, John Barth's The Sot-Weed Factor, a thoroughly fictional account of the life of real person Ebenezer Cooke, a Maryland colonist who in 1708 wrote the real satirical poem The Sotweed Factor. Barth's Cooke is a naive innocent who sets out to write a heroic epic, becomes disillusioned and ends up writing a biting satire.
A story that features itself as a narrative or as a physical object; a notable example is Vladimir Nabokov's Pale Fire, which is ostensibly a 999-line poem of the same name, but with a foreword, index and extensive commentary in footnotes, from which so much detail is revealed of the lives of both poet and editor that a plot gradually emerges.
A story containing another work of fiction within itself; e.g. Calvino's If on a Winter's Night a Traveler
Narrative footnotes, which continue the story while commenting on it; e.g. House of Leaves
A story that reframes or suggests a radically different reading of another story; for example, Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea, which retells the story of Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre from the point of view of the madwoman in the attic; or J. M. Coetzee's Foe, which recounts a battle of wills between Daniel Defoe and a castaway survivor over the writing of the story that would eventually become Robinson Crusoe.
A story addressing the specific conventions of story, such as title, character conventions, paragraphing or plots; e.g. The Secret Series
A novel where the narrator intentionally exposes him or herself as the author of the story; e.g. Kurt Vonnegut's Breakfast of Champions, in which the first-person narrator—presumably Vonnegut himself, since he even shares Vonnegut's birthday—regularly reminds the reader that the characters in the novel are fictions of his own creation:
"I do not know who invented body bags. I do know who invented Kilgore Trout. I did.
I made him snaggle-toothed. I gave him hair, but I turned it white. I wouldn't let him comb it or go to a barber. I made him grow it long and tangled.
I gave him the same legs the Creator of the Universe gave to my father when my father was a pitiful old man. They were pale white broomsticks. They were hairless. They were embossed fantastically with varicose veins.
And, two months after Trout received his first fan letter, I had him find in his mailbox an invitation to be a speaker at an arts festival in the American Middle West."
A story in which the authors refers to elements of the story as both fact and fiction; for example, in Joseph Conrad's Author's Preface to Nostromo, most of which provides a factual account of how he came to write the novel, Conrad states "My principal authority for the history of Costaguana is, of course, my venerated friend, the late Don Jose Avellanos, minister to the courts of England and Spain, etc., etc., in his impartial and eloquent 'History of Fifty Years of Misrule.'" Thus Conrad, in a putatively factual context, attributes his intimate knowledge of the fictional country in which his story is set, to a fictional book written by one of his book's characters.
A book in which the book itself seeks interaction with the reader, such as Art Spiegelman's picture book Open me, I'm a dog!
A story in which the readers of the story itself force the author to change the story
A story in which the characters are aware that they are in a story
A story in which the characters make reference to the author or his previous work; for example, in Paul Auster's City of Glass, the main character is an author of detective novels who writes under a pseudonym, and identifies closely with his own main character. He receives a phone call from someone seeking a detective named Paul Auster, and ends up posing as Paul Auster so as to take the case. Paul Auster is later found to be an author, not a detective.
These elements of metafiction are similar to devices used in metacinematic techniques.
metafilm, metatelevision
Seinfeld uses this extensively in episodes revolving around the production of a show titled Jerry.
Screenwriter Charlie Kaufman often uses this narrative technique. In the film Adaptation., his character Charlie Kaufman (Nicolas Cage) tortuously attempts to write a screenplay adapted from the book The Orchid Thief, only to come to understand that such an adaptation is impossible. Many plot devices used throughout the film are uttered by Kaufman as he develops a screenplay, and the screenplay, which eventually results in Adaptation itself. In Kaufman's film Synecdoche, New York, stage director Caden Cotard (Philip Seymour Hoffman) endeavors to create a vast theatrical project about the world around him, with actors playing himself and everyone in his life. Thus the film Synecdoche, New York, a portrayal of the narrative of Caden's life, tells the story of a portrayal of the narrative of Caden's life.
Tristram Shandy: A Cock and Bull Story is a 2006 British comedy directed by Michael Winterbottom. It is a film-within-a-film based on a book-within-a-book, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. It features actors Steve Coogan and Rob Brydon playing themselves as egotistical actors during the making of a screen adaptation of Laurence Sterne's 18th century novel Tristram Shandy, which is a fictional account of the narrator's attempt at writing an autobiography. Gillian Anderson and Keeley Hawes also play themselves in addition to their Tristram Shandy roles.
Some episodes of the Star Trek series use the holodeck (or its Ferengi equivalent, a "holosuite") to tell a "story-within-a-story". The Deep Space Nine episode "Far Beyond the Stars" tells a similar story without such a high-tech plot device, as basically a work of metafiction, using the DS9 regular characters to tell a mid-20th century story, set in a science fiction publishing house in New York City. Similarly, the regular cast of Northern Exposure play other characters in two episodes set during the early days of the village of Cicely, the series's setting.
A film in which a character reads a fictional story; e.g. The Princess Bride, Disney Channel's Life is Ruff, Bedtime Stories.
A film or television show in which a character hums, whistles, or hears (on a radio, etc.) the show or film's theme song; e.g. the final scene of "Homer's Triple Bypass", from The Simpsons; when Sam Carter hums the theme from Stargate SG-1 during the episode "Chimera"; the second Collector from Demon Knight; when Bulma hums "Romantikku Ageru Yo", the closing theme of Dragon Ball, in the shower during the episode '"Midnight Callers"; when Mr. Incredible whistles theme music from The Incredibles; when all the characters in the film Magnolia begin to sing the background music - "Wise Up" by Aimee Mann; in Almost Famous, when one character begins to sing the background music - "Tiny Dancer" by Elton John - and all of the other characters around him immediately pick it up and sing along as well; the moments when Sam Lowry of Brazil hums/listens to/sings the film's self-titled theme song; when Daryl Van Horne whistles theme music from The Witches of Eastwick; in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone when Rubeus Hagrid is briefly heard playing the main theme on a recorder; when Quinton 'Rampage' Jackson (as B.A. Baracus) hums the A-Team theme in the trailer for the A-Team movie (2010).
Directly referencing another work that internally references the first work; e.g. "Weird Al" Yankovic, whose songs sometimes reference The Simpsons, has appeared on The Simpsons.
Characters who do things because those actions are what they would expect from characters in a story; e.g. Scream, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, The Last Unicorn, The Long Goodbye.
Characters who express awareness that they are in a work of fiction; e.g. Stranger Than Fiction, The Great Good Thing, Puckoon, Spaceballs, the Marvel Comics character Deadpool, Illuminatus!, Uso Justo, 1/0. Bob and George, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead.
Characters in a film or a television series who mention and/or refer to the actors or actresses that portray themselves; e.g. Beatrice "Betty" Pengson from I Love Betty La Fea; Bea Alonzo, who played the role of the protagonist, also played herself as an Ecomoda model; coincidentally in the show, Betty wants to meet Bea Alonzo in person, an act of self-reference. In Ocean's Twelve, Tess, played by Julia Roberts, disguises herself to look like Julia Roberts. The other characters ironically recognize that she is in disguise. In Last Action Hero, the title character of the inner movie Jack Slater IV comes to the 'real' world and tells his portrayer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, "You've brought me nothing but pain."
A real pre-existing piece of fiction X, being used within a new piece of fiction Y, to lend an air of authenticity to fiction Y, e.g. A Nightmare on Elm Street is discussed extensively in Wes Craven's New Nightmare, while actors from the former star as "themselves" or Scream 3 and Scream 4, where characters discuss and know of films that are about the previous films' events; likewise are The 1001 Nights put to use within If on a winter's night a traveler.
A story where the author is not a character, but interacts with the characters; e.g. She-Hulk, Animal Man, Betty Boop, Daffy Duck in Duck Amuck, Breakfast of Champions, Excel Saga television shows.
A story where the narrator is a character in the story, and interacts with himself as a different character; e.g. The Emperor's New Groove.
A story within which that story (or a story based on it) is a work of fiction; e.g. Stargate SG-1's "Wormhole X-Treme!" or Supernatural's Supernatural novels.
Acknowledging the tropes of the Horror genre; e.g. Funny Games.
The acclaimed TV sitcom Arrested Development is widely recognised as a seminal work of televised metafiction; it not only is framed like a reality television show (when in fact it is anything but), but also is highly self-reflexive and intertextual. Examples of this include allusions to the series's own struggle for ratings, its competition with Sex and the City and the reduction of the second season from 22 to 18 episodes.
The Cabin in the Woods (2012), a horror movie written by Joss Whedon and Drew Goddard, was critically lauded for its metafictional elements.
Metatheatre
metatheatre, Six Characters in Search of an Author, play-within-a-play
'Metatheatre' can also include the use of the play within a play, which provides an onstage microcosm of the theatrical situation, and such techniques as the use of parody and burlesque to draw attention to literary or theatrical conventions, and the use of the theatrum mundi trope.
Some more examples of metafiction
Martin Amis, Time's Arrow
Nicholson Baker, The Mezzanine
Julian Barnes, Flaubert's Parrot
John Barth, Lost in the Funhouse
Jorge Luis Borges, The Garden of Forking Paths
Italo Calvino, If on a Winter's Night a Traveler
Mark Z. Danielewski, House of Leaves
Dave Eggers, A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius
William H. Gass, The Tunnel
Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire
Alain Robbe-Grillet, La Jalousie
Kurt Vonnegut, Breakfast of Champions
David Foster Wallace, Brief Interviews with Hideous Men
endless knot
List of metafictional works
Experimental fiction
Fabulation
Frame tale
Fictional fictional character
Hypostasis (literature)
Postmodern fiction
Self-referentiality
Show within a show
Historiographic metafiction
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Metafiction" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on original research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
Retrieved from "http://artandpopularculture.com/Metafiction"
This page was last modified 21:51, 7 December 2017.


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You are here: Home / High-Stakes Testing / CPS President O'Halloran's MA BESE Testimony on Judging School Quality
CPS President O'Halloran's MA BESE Testimony on Judging School Quality
Good Morning. My name is Ann O'Halloran. As a special and regular educator, I taught for 30 years in the public schools of Boston and Newton. Currently, I serve as President of Citizens for Public Schools. Thank you for the opportunity to speak with you again.
What I want to say today is simple: A "high-performing" teacher, school, or school district is one that helps students make progress.
It's not easy to tell from Malden whether a school is doing this. The MCAS metric is very limited. But to the extent that MCAS tells you anything about teacher, school, or district effectiveness in math and reading, that information is more likely to be found in growth scores than in absolute achievement scores. The latter scores are too closely linked to community wealth or poverty to be used to indicate anything meaningful about school quality.
And yet the department relies more heavily on absolute scores than on growth scores to rate school and district performance. Why is teacher impact judged by growth scores when school impact is not? This issue goes far beyond the charter school cap question, important as that is.
The department has been relying mostly on absolute MCAS measuresto label schools "Level 3" instead of 1 or 2. When a school gets that label, parents who can afford it may flee because they think the school is low-performing. Many Level 3 schools have good growth scores as Associate Commissioner Curtin showed in his presentation yesterday.
In an extreme example, the department took control of the Parker School in New Bedford for being "chronically low-performing," even though the students in that school are making better progress on their MCAS scores than similar students in the rest of the state.
In last night's discussion, there was talk of making sure the department gives the level 3 designation to the schools that need the most help. The fact is, nobody wants that help. The stigma of the low-performing label far outweighs any state resources that come with it.
Far from helping, the mislabeling of schools probably increases racial and social class segregation.That's because a school district's absolute MCAS scores correlate almost perfectly with the percentage of students who are poor enough to qualify for subsidized lunch.
Research over at least the past 40 years has shown that low-income children learn best when they go to school with children who have more opportunities. So when you frighten off middle-class parents, you probably increase the achievement gap.
As board member David Roach said yesterday, this has become a political decision. We ask you to resist the pressure and do what is best for the children of the Commonwealth.–April 29, 2014

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Picabo Streetová (* 3. dubna 1971 Triumph, Idaho, Spojené státy americké) je americká lyžařka a olympijská vítězka.

Životopis
Na olympijských hrách v roce 1994 konaných v norském Lillehammeru získala stříbrnou medaili ve sjezdu. O dva roky později triumfovala ve stejné disciplíně na mistrovství světa v americké Sierra Nevadě. Následující rok ovšem (14 měsíců před olympijskými hrami 1998) utrpěla ve Švýcarsku pád, při němž si zlomila stehenní kost na pravé noze a poranila si i kolenní vazy. Ze zranění se dokázala uzdravit a na olympiádě, která se v roce 1998 konala v japonském Naganu, závodila. V disciplíně Super–G získala zlatou medaili za první místo.

Závodnickou kariéru zakončila po olympijských hrách konaných v roce 2002 v americkém Salt Lake City. V roce 2010 se měl v Argentině natáčet její životopisný film. O čtyři roky později (2014) působila jako komentátorka televizní stanice Fox. Za svůj vzor ji pokládá pozdější americká lyžařka Lindsey Vonnová.

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy

Americké olympijské vítězky v alpském lyžování
Američtí stříbrní olympijští medailisté
Stříbrní olympijští medailisté v alpském lyžování
Mistryně světa v alpském lyžování
Televizní komentátoři
Narození 3. dubna
Narození v roce 1971
Narození v Idahu
Žijící lidé
Ženy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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We love coming to Spittal Pond for the solitude and ocean views. We hiked in early August, and although warm it wasn't too bad. Started at the Western entrance to the park and after a short hike we arrived at an overlook with a great view. We hung out and watched the waves crashing into the rocks for a while before continuing our hike onward and upward past the Checkerboard to Portuguese Rock. No beach, but awesome views and plenty of room to sit and watch the waves. Also a huge variety of different sea life amongst the rocks in the water. Saw a few parrot fish (large) as well. Well worth taking time out for.


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There are a handful of great bills coming up for a vote on Monday—here's a quick overview
As the Assembly reconvenes for its first Voting Session of 2022, there are a few bills that I've deemed noteworthy–not because I anticipate any pushback or fireworks on these measures, but because they implement positive changes that actually make a lot of sense, and deserve full bi-partisan support. Here's a roundup:
A795 is sure to be celebrated by working mothers throughout the state. The bill requires employers to accommodate a "lactating employee" (aka a woman who is actively producing milk for the purpose of breastfeeding an infant) by providing a private location at work other than the restroom that is "free from intrusion" from co-workers, customers, etc., for the purpose of milk expression. Any woman who has experienced the dilemma of trying to find a quiet, discreet place to pump breast milk at work will tell you that this regulation is long-overdue, and very much needed. Kudos to Assemblywomen Timberlake, Jasey and McKnight for sponsoring this important bill.
A1376 eliminates the suspension of a person's driver's license as a penalty for failure to make required court appearances for outstanding parking tickets, or failure to pay those tickets. The bill does, however, require suspension of a person's motor vehicle registration for failure to make more than five required court appearances related to outstanding parking tickets or for failure to pay more than five of those tickets. This is a common-sense, compassionate measure that takes into account the fact that many people need a driver's license in order to get to work, and/or may be using that driver's license in order to earn an income that would allow them to pay off the parking tickets in question. Taking away their ability to drive legally doesn't help the situation if they're in arrears on a parking ticket.
A1719 & A1720 are timely bills that tackle the issue of implicit bias head on. Implicit bias, as defined in the bill, is "a bias in judgment or behavior that results from subtle cognitive processes, including implicit prejudice and implicit stereotypes, that often operate at a level below conscious awareness and without intentional control. Cultural competency is the ability to understand, appreciate, and interact with people from different cultures or belief systems."
A1719 requires annual implicit bias and cultural competency training for members, officers, and employees of the Legislature, via an online tutorial, similar to the one they are already required to take for adherence to the Legislative Code of Ethics.
A1720 requires the Police Training Commission in the Division of Criminal Justice in the Department of Law and Public Safety to include cultural diversity and implicit bias training in the basic training course for police officers appointed to a police department or force. This type of training is already being developed and implemented for existing officers, but A1720 would also require specialized training in cultural diversity and implicit bias in policing during basic training, before these officers even start their law enforcement career. This bill was released from committee on February 3rd, more than a week before the incident at Bridgewater Commons mall that made national headlines, where two teenagers involved in an altercation were treated very differently by police. That incident, in which a black teenager was thrown to the ground and handcuffed, while the white teenager involved in the altercation was directed to sit on a couch nearby, is under internal investigation–clearly demonstrating the need for this bill.
AJR59 This joint resolution calls for February 28th — coincidentally, the day of the Voting Session– to be designated annual as "Amistad Day" throughout the State of New Jersey, in recognition of "the importance of the Amistad legal case to the American abolitionist movement and to the causes of liberty and equality throughout the world." If you are unfamiliar with the compelling history behind the Amistad case, please take a moment to read the summary provided in the resolution statement, which gives a excellent overview of "the most important legal case involving slavery to arise during the nineteenth century, and has been seen by many as a test of the United States' commitment to live up to its founding principles." https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/Bills/2022/AJR/59_S1.PDF
Tags: assembly, justice, legislation, voting session
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Oshkosh's JLTV hits historic milestone: 10,000 vehicles
NewsArmyPRESS RELEASES
Modified date: Feb 9, 2021
Photo by Staff Sgt. Quanesha Barnett
The Specialty truckmaker Oshkosh Corp. celebrated the production of its 10,000th Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV), according to a company news release.
Oshkosh Corp. has announced that its defense arm Oshkosh Defense recently produced the 10,000th Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV).
The JLTV family of vehicles is designed to restore payload and performance that were traded from light tactical vehicles to add protection in recent conflict.
Corporation says this significant milestone represents over a decade of proprietary experience in designing, building, and delivering the world's most capable light tactical vehicle.
Since the program was awarded to Oshkosh Defense in August 2015, the company has built a robust, dependable supply chain; optimized its manufacturing process and maximized efficiencies; and provided JLTVs at a contractual price substantially lower than the Government cost estimate.
Photo by Russell Gamache
"This milestone is a true testament to the pride and dedication that our team members have in the JLTV program which has become a central piece of the U.S. military's ground force," said George Mansfield, Vice President and General Manager of Joint Programs for Oshkosh Defense. "Producing the 10,000th JLTV in under five years is further evidence of our ability to meet the demands of our domestic and international customers by providing the world's most capable light tactical vehicle at a great price. We're excited to continue working with our military customer to further refine and expand the platform."
To date, Oshkosh Defense has received orders for 18,126 JLTVs for a total contract value over $6 Billion. Over 6,500 of those vehicles have been fielded with Warfighters around the globe, including over 30 U.S. and international military installations.
International interest in the Oshkosh Defense JLTV also continues to grow. Oshkosh Defense has received orders or commitments from seven NATO and non-NATO allies including United Kingdom, Belgium, Montenegro, Slovenia, Lithuania, Brazil, and North Macedonia.
Photo by Maj. Peter Bogart
JLTV


text:
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(Worldkings.org) The fireworks are synchronized to music which is also broadcast over a provincial radio station.
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The competition takes the form of a series of biweekly fireworks shows usually beginning in late June and ending in late July. The fireworks are synchronized to music which is also broadcast over a provincial radio station.
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In 2009 and 2010, the shows were held on Saturday nights only, from June to August, however in 2011 shows were again held on Wednesdays and Saturdays beginning end of June until end of July.
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text:
Anar (bürgerlich Anar Rəsul oğlu Rzayev; * 14. März 1938 in Baku, Aserbaidschanische SSR) ist ein moderner aserbaidschanischer Schriftsteller.

U. a. wurden seine Erzählungen Ich, du, er und das Telefon, Georgischer Name (beide 1967) und sein Roman Weißer Hafen in mehrere Sprachen (Deutsch, Französisch, Spanisch, Polnisch, Ungarisch, Arabisch, Bulgarisch sowie die Sprachen der ehemaligen Sowjetunion) übersetzt und in vielen Ländern veröffentlicht.

Nach Motiven der Erzählung Ich, du, er und das Telefon wurde in Bulgarien ein Theaterstück geschrieben und in Moskau im Filmstudium Mosfilm der Film Jeden Abend um 11.00 Uhr gedreht.

In Deutschland war besonders sein Roman Der Lift fährt vorbei (aserb.: Der sechste Stock des fünfstöckigen Hauses (1978)) bekannt, der von der unglücklichen Liebe zwischen Tähminä und Saur erzählt, die an den konservativen Traditionen der Gesellschaft scheitert.

weitere Werke:
 In Erwartung des Feiertags

Weblinks

Autor
Aserbaidschaner
Literatur (Aserbaidschanisch)
Schriftsteller (Baku)
Geboren 1938
Mann


text:
\section{Introduction}
The observation of giant flares in soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs; compact
objects with very strong magnetic fields or magnetars
\citep{Duncan1992}) may open a gateway towards the exciting field of
neutron star seismology. In the decaying X-ray tail of two such
events, SGR 1900+14 and SGR 1806-20, a number of long-lasting,
quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) have been observed (see
\cite{Israel2005} and \cite{Watts2007} for recent reviews).  Early
models interpreted the observed QPO frequencies as directly related to
torsional shear oscillations of the solid crust of a neutron star
excited during a giant flare event (see \cite{Duncan1998,
  Strohmayer2005, Piro2005, Sotani2007, Samuelsson2007}, and references therein)
raising hopes that through their identification, the
physical properties of the crust could be probed \citep{Steiner2009}.
Due to the extremely strong magnetic fields present in magnetars, however,
a self-consistent model that includes
global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) oscillations interacting with the
shear oscillations of the crust is required (\cite{Levin2006},
\cite{Glampedakis2006}, \cite{Levin2007}, \cite{Lee2007,
  Lee2008}). In a highly simplified model, \cite{Levin2007} showed that
shear oscillations will be absorbed by an MHD continuum of Alfv\'en
oscillations, while long-lived QPOs may still appear at the turning
points or edges of the continuum.

\cite{Sotani2008} and subsequently \cite{Cerda2009} (see also
\cite{Colaiuda2009}), using a more realistic, general-relativistic MHD
model but still ignoring an extended crust, found two families of Alfv\'en QPOs
related to turning points of the frequency of torsional Alfv\'en waves
near the magnetic pole and inside a region of closed magnetic field
lines near the equator. Each QPO family consists of two sub-families
differing by their symmetry behaviour with respect to the equatorial
plane.  The results of the numerical simulations
were explained by a semi-analytic model based on standing waves in the
short-wavelength limit \citep{Cerda2009}. The Alfv\'en QPO model is very
attractive, because it
reproduces the near-integer-ratios of the observed 30, 92 and 150\,Hz
frequencies in SGR 1806-20, at magnetic field strengths expected for
magnetars. In this model, the observed SGR QPOs, rather than probing
the crust, yield information on the magnetic field and the compactness of
the star.

The omission of an extended crust in the previous studies of
\cite{Sotani2008}, \cite{Cerda2009}, and \cite{Colaiuda2009} can be
considered as a limiting case of a very strong magnetic field.  For
intermediate magnetic field strengths, however, an understanding of
magnetar oscillations requires the inclusion of crust-core coupling.
In this Letter, we present the first such realistic simulations of coupled,
magneto-elastic oscillations. We use a general-relativistic framework,
a dipolar magnetic field, and a tabulated equation of state (EOS) for
dense matter. The numerical simulations are based on state-of-the-art
Riemann solver methods for both the interior MHD fluid and the crust.
A recent study by \cite{vanHoven10} also takes entanglement of magnetic
field lines into account, thereby generalising the toy model of
\cite{Levin2007}. Some first results on coupled crust-core oscillations also
appeared in \cite{Kokkotas2010}.

We use units where $c=G=1$ with $c$ and $G$ being the speed of light
and the gravitational constant, respectively. Latin (Greek) indices
run from 1 to 3 (0 to 3).
\vspace{-0.5cm}
\section{Theoretical framework}
The present study of torsional oscillations of magnetars is based on a
numerical integration of the general relativistic MHD equations. As in
\citet{Cerda2009}, who considered purely Alfv\'en oscillations of the
fluid core, assume (i) a zero temperature
EOS, (ii) axisymmetry, (iii) a purely poloidal magnetic field
configuration, (iv) the Cowling approximation, (v) a spherically
symmetric background, and (vi) small amplitude oscillations. Because
of assumptions (ii) and (iii) polar oscillations decouple from axial ones
in the linear regime. Therefore, we concentrate on purely axial
oscillations and evolve the $\varphi$-component of the evolution
variables only. We assume a conformally flat metric
\footnote{This provides a very good approximation as our neutron star
  models are almost perfectly spherically symmetric except for very
  small deviations due to the presence of an axisymmetric magnetic
  field.}
\begin{equation}
 ds^2 = - \alpha^2 dt^2 + \phi^4 \left( dr^2 + r^2 d\theta^2
        + r^2 \sin{\theta}^2 d\varphi^2 \right) \, ,
\end{equation}
where $\alpha$ is the lapse function and $\phi$ the conformal factor,
and consider a stress-energy tensor $T^{\mu\nu}$ of the form
\begin{eqnarray}
 T^{\mu\nu} &=& T^{\mu\nu}_{\mathrm{fluid}} + T^{\mu\nu}_{\mathrm{mag}} +
 T^{\mu\nu}_{\mathrm{elas}} \nonumber\\
 &=& \rho h u^\mu u^\nu + P g^{\mu\nu} +  b^2 u^\mu u^\nu + \frac{1}{2} b^2
     g^{\mu\nu} - b^\mu b^\nu \nonumber\\
 & &  - 2 \mu_{\mathrm{S}} \Sigma^{\mu\nu}\label{T^munu} \, ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\rho$ is the rest-mass density, $h$ the specific enthalpy, $P$
the isotropic fluid pressure, $u^\mu$ the 4-velocity of the fluid,
$b^\mu$ the magnetic field measured by a co-moving observer (with
$b^2:=b^\mu b_\mu$), $\Sigma^{\mu\nu}$ the shear tensor, and
$\mu_{\mathrm{S}}$ the shear modulus. The latter is
obtained according to \citet{Sotani2007}.

The conservation of energy and momentum $\nabla_\nu T^{\mu\nu} = 0$,
and the induction equation lead to the following system of evolution
equations
\begin{equation}
 \frac{1}{\sqrt{-g}} \left( \frac{\partial\sqrt{\gamma} \bf U }{\partial t} +
 \frac{\partial \sqrt{-g} {\bf F}^i}{\partial x^i} \right) = 0 \, ,
\label{conservationlaw}
\end{equation}
where $g$ and $\gamma$ are the determinants of the 4-metric and 3-metric,
respectively. The two-component state and flux vectors are given by
\begin{eqnarray}
 {\bf U}   &=& [S_\varphi ,\, B^\varphi]
\label{reduced_withcrust1} \, ,
 \\
 {\bf F}^r &=& \left[ - \frac{b_\varphi B^r}{W} - 2 \mu_S
                      \Sigma^r_{~\varphi} ,\, - v^\varphi B^r
               \right]
\label{flux_r} \,  ,
\\
 {\bf F}^\theta &=& \left[ - \frac{b_\varphi B^\theta}{W}- 2 \mu_S
                          \Sigma^\theta_{~\varphi} ,\, -v^\varphi
                          B^\theta
                   \right] \, ,
\label{flux_theta}
\end{eqnarray}
where $B^i$ are the magnetic field components as measured by an {\it
  Eulerian observer} \citep{Anton2006}, and $W=\alpha u^t$ is the
Lorentz factor.  The shear tensor $\Sigma^{i \varphi}= 1/2 g^{ii}
\xi^\varphi_{~,i}$ contains the spatial derivatives (denoted by a
comma) of the fluid displacement $\xi^\varphi$ due to the
oscillations, which are related to the fluid 4-velocity according to $
\xi^\varphi_{~,t} =\alpha v^\varphi = {u^\varphi} / {u^t}$, where
$v^\varphi$ is the $\varphi$-component of the fluid 3-velocity. Hence,
the evolution of the spatial derivatives $\xi^\varphi_{~,r}$ and
$\xi^\varphi_{~,\theta}$ is given by
\begin{equation}
 (\xi^\varphi_{~,k})_{,t} - ( \alpha v^\varphi)_{,k} = 0
  \qquad \mathrm{with} \quad   k \in \{r,\theta\} \, .
\label{evo_xi}
\end{equation}

We also need to provide boundary conditions. At the surface the radial
derivative of the displacement has to vanish ($\xi^\varphi_{~,r}=0$),
as we assume a continuous traction and vanishing surface currents.  At
the crust-core interface we demand the continuity of the parallel
electric field, which implies a continuous displacement $\xi^\varphi$.
Together with the continuity of the traction the latter leads to a
relation between the radial derivatives of the displacement in the
core and in the crust: $\xi^\varphi_{\mathrm{core},r} = \left( 1 +
\delta \right) \xi^\varphi_{\mathrm{crust},r}$ with $\delta =
\mu_\mathrm{S}/(b_r b^r)$.

To construct equilibrium models we choose between different barotropic
EOSs for the core that are matched to an EOS
for the crust. The available models for the core are the
soft EOS A \citep{Pandharipande1971}, the intermediate EOS WFF3
\citep{Wiringa1988}, EOS APR \citep{Akmal1998} and the stiff EOS L
\citep{Pandharipande1975}. For the low density region of the crust we
choose between EOS NV \citep{Negele1973} and EOS DH
\citep{Douchin2001}. Details about the different combinations of EOSs
can be found in \cite{Sotani2007}. We use a reference model with a
mass of $1.4\,M_{\odot}$ and a circumferential radius $R_\mathrm{star}
= 12.26\,$km, described by the APR$\,+\,$DH EOS. In contrast to
\cite{Sotani2007} we compute magnetised equilibrium models using the
{\small LORENE} library ({\tt www.lorene.obspm.fr}).

Our simulation code is an extended version of the GRMHD code presented
in \citet{Cerda2009}. It includes the shear terms as they appear in
(\ref{T^munu}), and the evolution of the displacements (\ref{evo_xi}).
The proper working of the MHD part of the code was demonstrated in
\citet{Cerda2008}. To test the extended code we compared its results
obtained for two limiting cases, zero magnetic field and zero shear
modulus, with those of previous studies. The purely crustal shear
oscillations presented in \citet{Sotani2007} are recovered with an
agreement of 1\%, and the Alfv\'en continuum is obtained naturally as
in \citet{Cerda2009}. Further details on the derivation of the model
equations, the numerical methods, and the code tests will be
discussed in Gabler, Cerd\'a-Dur\'an, Font \& Stergioulas (in preparation).

\vspace{-0.5cm}
\section{Damping of crustal shear modes}

To study the behaviour of coupled crust-core oscillations we perturb
the equilibrium stellar model by imposing a velocity perturbation and
then follow the time evolution of the system (\ref{conservationlaw}) -
(\ref{evo_xi}). Unless stated otherwise, we use a grid of
150$\times$100 zones in our simulations covering a domain $[0,
  R_{\mathrm{star}}] \times [0,\pi]$. The angular grid is equidistant,
while the radial grid is equidistant only in the crust, where 40 per
cent of the zones are located, and coarsens towards the centre of the
star. Symmetries are exploited whenever a perturbation is of purely
odd or even parity with respect to the equatorial plane.  We use the
term \emph{damping} in the following to refer to {\it resonant absorption}
of crustal shear oscillations by the {\it Alfv\'en continuum} of the core
(unless we explicitly refer to numerical damping caused by
finite-differencing).

\begin{figure*}
 \centering
 \includegraphics[width=.31\textwidth]{images/fig1a}
 \includegraphics[width=.31\textwidth]{images/fig1b}
 \includegraphics[width=.31\textwidth]{images/fig1c}
\caption{Time evolution of overlap integrals with the eigenmodes of
  the crust. \emph{Left panel}: Damping of $l=2,3$, and $9$ initial
  perturbations due to resonant absorption of the fundamental ($n=0$)
  crustal shear mode for a magnetised model with $5\times 10^{13}\,$G
  (dots). In the corresponding unmagnetised models (solid lines) only
  numerical damping occurs which increases with the angular order $l$
  of the mode.  \emph{Middle panel}: Overlap integrals for the $l=2$
  mode, where resonant absorption of the crustal modes becomes
  stronger with increasing magnetic field strength. \emph{Right
    panel}: same as middle panel, but for $l=9$.}
\label{fig_damping}
\end{figure*}

We investigated perturbations of different radial extent encompassing
only the crust, only the core, or the whole star. Since all three
types of perturbations give qualitatively similar results, we focus on
whole star perturbations in the following, as this is the most generic
case. We first consider initial perturbations  consisting of a single
torsional, spherical vector harmonics $l$-mode.
To investigate the damping of a single crustal mode we compute {\it
  overlap integrals} of the evolved variables with mode eigenfunctions
(the latter are found by solving the linear eigenvalue problem for the
crustal modes, see \cite{Schumaker1983,Messios2001,Sotani2007}).
Because the eigenmodes of the crust form a complete orthonormal set we
can expand any perturbation in terms of the corresponding
eigenfunctions.  The expansion factors, which provide a measure of how
strong each crustal mode contributes to the perturbation, are obtained
via the overlap integrals with the eigenfunctions. For more details on
this method see \cite{Gabler2009}. In the left panel of
Fig.\,\ref{fig_damping} we show the maximum (absolute) amplitudes of
the overlap integrals for different initial perturbations and for
simulations both without magnetic field (solid lines) and with a polar
magnetic field of $5\times10^{13}$G (dots) . In the field-free case
the lines represent the {\it numerical damping} of crustal modes due
to finite-differencing.  When a magnetic field is present, the damping
(now due to resonant absorption) increases with the magnetic field
strength.
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{c | c c  c c}
  $l$                                  & 2      & 3    & 9     & 10   \\ \hline
  $\tau\,$[s] for $B=0$                & 5.500 & 4.620 & 0.260 & 0.170\\
  $\tau\,$[s] for $B=5\times10^{13}\,$G & 0.072 & 0.080 & 0.087 & 0.081\\
  $\tau\,$[s] for $B=10^{14}\,$G & 0.040 & 0.040 & 0.022 & 0.021\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Damping timescales $\tau$ due to resonant absorption of
  crustal shear modes by the Alfv\'en continuum for various
  initial perturbation modes $l$.}
\label{tab_damping}
\end{table}
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{c | c c c}
  EOS    &\multicolumn{3}{c}{$\tau\,$[ms] at $B=10^{14}\,$G}\\
 &                 $n=0$, $l=2$ & $n=0$, $l=3 $ &$n=0$, $l=9$\\
\hline
A+DH 1.6 	&23&23&15\\
A+NV 1.6 	&39&43&75\\
APR+DH 2.0	&32&31&17\\
APR+NV 2.0	&50&54&80\\
L+DH 1.6	&50&52&24\\
L+NV 1.6	&79&86&53\\
L+DH 2.0	&44&46&21\\
L+NV 2.0	&73&80&87\\
W+DH 1.6	&29&30&14\\
W+NV 1.6	&53&58&69\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Damping timescales $\tau$ due to resonant absorption of
  crustal shear modes by the Alfv\'en continuum for
  initial perturbation modes $l=2$, $l=3$ and $l=9$ and for different
  combinations of equations of state at $B = 10^{14}\,$G. The number
  in the labelling of the EOS represents the mass of the neutron star
  model in M$_\odot$ }
\label{tab_damping_eos}
\end{table}

For all modes, the timescale of resonant absorption is much shorter
than that of numerical damping (see Table \ref{tab_damping}).  After about
500\,ms, the overlap integrals no longer sample the crust
oscillations, but instead the magneto-elastic oscillations which then
dominate the evolution (see below).

The middle and right panels of Fig.\,\ref{fig_damping} show the
overlap integrals for $l=2$ and $l=9$ modes of the crust as a function
of time for different magnetic field strengths, respectively. For
$l=2$ and $B = 5\times10^{13}\,$G we find almost complete damping of
the crustal mode after $\sim 0.5\,$s. For a stronger magnetic field
($B = 5\times10^{14}\,$G) the crustal mode becomes already damped
after less than one oscillation, and only the dominant magneto-elastic
oscillations remain.  Similar statements hold for the evolution of the
$l=9$ perturbation. However, in that case it takes a few oscillations
before the crustal mode is damped, even for $B = 5\times10^{14}\,$G.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.38\textwidth]{images/fig2}
\caption{Evolution of $\alpha v^\varphi$ in the crust at
  $\theta=\pi/4$ for initial data containing a large number of
  different perturbation modes.  For vanishing magnetic field, only
  crustal modes are excited. For $B = 5\times 10^{13}\,$G the crustal
  oscillations are strongly damped, and for a ten times stronger
  magnetic field ($B = 5\times 10^{14}\,$G) magneto-elastic
  oscillations dominate the evolution from the start.}
\label{time_evo}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{images/fig3}
\caption{Spatial distribution of Fourier amplitudes at several QPO
  frequencies. Three different types of QPOs are present: (i) upper
  QPOs in panels \emph{a, d, f, g, i}, and \emph{k}; (ii) lower QPOs
  in panels \emph{b} and \emph{e}; (iii) edge QPOs in panels \emph{c,
    h, j}, and \emph{l}. The two black dashed lines mark the location
  of the crust, while the blue lines represent magnetic field
  lines. The colour scale ranges from zero amplitude (white) to
  maximum amplitude (black).}
 \label{FFT_core}
 \end{figure*}

We also analysed a more general initial perturbation consisting of a
mixture of $l=2$ up to $l=10$ modes, which excites a large number of
crustal modes of different angular order $l$ and radial order $n$.
Fig.\,\ref{time_evo} shows the resulting evolution of the velocity in
the crust at $\theta=\pi/4$. For the unmagnetised model, low
frequency, fundamental ($n=0$) oscillations can easily be
distinguished from higher frequency overtones with $n \ge 1$. When
increasing the magnetic field strength to $5\times10^{13}\,$G
the lower frequency modes are completely damped after $\sim 250\,$ms,
whereas the higher frequency overtones survive for a longer time. In
the long run, a low frequency ($\sim 0.3\,$Hz) magneto-elastic
oscillation dominates. At the largest magnetic field strength shown
here, $5\times10^{14}\,$G, there is no sign of either low or high
frequency crustal modes, the evolution being completely dominated by
magneto-elastic oscillations.

Damping timescales of $n=0$, $l=\{2,3,9\}$ modes for different EOSs
are listed in Table \ref{tab_damping_eos}. For all EOSs and masses
studied here, we find significant damping of the crustal shear modes
at $B=10^{14}\,$G.  Up to the highest-order $l=9$ mode, the damping
timescales are shorter than 0.1s. From the results in Tables 1
  and 2, we deduce that even at $B=5\times10^{13}\,$G, which is up to
  two orders of magnitude weaker than assumed magnetar field
  strengths, the damping timescale is {\it shorter than 0.2s}, which is more
  than two orders of magnitude shorter than the duration of observed
  QPOs.

\vspace{-0.5cm}
\section{Long-term QPOs}

Besides the damping of crustal modes, we observe long-lasting
oscillations in the fluid core of the magnetar. These \emph{long-term
  QPOs} are identified by local maxima in Fourier space.  Let us
consider an intermediate magnetic field strength of
$4\times10^{14}\,$G, where both the magnetic field and the crust
influence the dynamics.  As in the case without crust
\citep{Sotani2008, Cerda2009} we find two different families of
long-term QPOs, as demonstrated in Fig.\,\ref{FFT_core}, which shows
the spatial distribution of Fourier amplitudes at several QPO
frequencies. The \emph{lower} QPOs ($L_n^{(\pm)}$) are located inside
the region of closed field lines, while the \emph{upper} QPOs
($U_n^{(\pm)}$) concentrate along open magnetic field lines closer to
the poles. We computed QPOs of either odd $(-)$ or even $(+)$ parity
w.r.t.\ the equatorial plane, which allows for a better identification
of QPOs of similar frequency but opposite parity.

The lower QPOs (Fig.\,\ref{FFT_core}, panels \emph{b} and \emph{e})
appear to be similar to those found for models without crust, except
that they are limited to the region of closed magnetic field lines
inside the core. The upper QPOs are influenced by the presence of the
crust in several ways. First, they are limited to the fluid region,
and become vanishingly small at the base of the crust
(Fig.\,\ref{FFT_core}, panels \emph{a, d, f, g, i}, and \emph{k}),
where they are reflected.  This behaviour is similar to that caused by
the boundary conditions in \cite{Sotani2008}, and differs from that of
the pure fluid case considered in \cite{Cerda2009}. In the latter work
the continuous traction boundary condition imposed at the surface of
the star resulted in a strong displacement there. Their different
behaviour at the base of the crust (w.r.t. the pure fluid case in
\cite{Cerda2009}) causes a rearrangement of the QPOs. Here, the lowest
frequency QPO (panel \emph{a}) is symmetric w.r.t. the equatorial
plane (even parity) - while it did not exist at all in \cite{Cerda2009} -
and the lowest-frequency QPO has odd parity.

While QPOs are located close to the symmetry axis of the field (polar
axis) in models without crust \citep{Sotani2008, Cerda2009}, they are
attached to field lines crossing the equator at around $4\,$km in our
models including the crust.  Apparently the strong coupling introduced
by the crust complicates the oscillatory behaviour of the field lines,
such that the interaction between neighbouring polar field lines
prevents the QPOs from being established.

Furthermore, we find a new family of QPOs (Fig.\,\ref{FFT_core},
panels \emph{c, h, j}, and \emph{l}) connected to the last open field
line of the fluid core, each member representing the lower-frequency
edge of an Alfv\'en continuum along the open field lines.
QPOs at similar locations were also identified in simulations by
\cite{Colaiuda2009} without a crust.

\section{Discussion}
In this Letter we have presented the first numerical simulations of
axisymmetric, torsional, magneto-elastic oscillations in a realistic magnetar
model, including an extended crust.

We focus on the timescales for resonant absorption of low frequency, $n=0$
crustal shear modes by the Alfv\'en continuum of the core and find that
even at $B=5\times10^{13}\,$G, which is up to two orders of magnitude
weaker than assumed magnetar field strengths, the damping timescale is
shorter than 0.2s, which is more than two orders of magnitude shorter
than the duration of observed QPOs. Furthermore, the crust EOSs NV and
DH which we have used have a very high shear modulus,
compared to a range of other proposed EOSs
\citep{Steiner2009}. Comparing the damping timescales obtained here
for the NV and DH EOSs, we find that, at a given magnetic field
strength, a lower shear modulus results in a shorter damping timescale
due to resonant absorption. Thus, for lower values of the shear
  modulus than considered here, the deduced damping timescales would
  be even shorter than our current findings.  In addition, no
significant excitation of crustal modes by the Alfv\'en continuum was
observed at the end of our simulations, which reached up to several
seconds. The above results do not leave much room for shear modes of
the crust to be able to sustain oscillations that lead to significant
modulations in the X-ray tail of giant SGR bursts lasting for several
tens of seconds, when the magnetic field is global. The case of
magnetic field configurations confined to the crust, which may be realised
if the core is a type I superconductor, requires further investigation.

In contrast to the shear modes, the Alfv\'en QPO model (see
\cite{Levin2007, Sotani2008, Cerda2009, Colaiuda2009}) has several
attractive features, matching to observed frequencies for a dipole
field strength up to several times $10^{15}\,$G and explaining the
observed integer ratios for the frequencies of QPOs.  Here we find
that for magnetic field strengths less than about $10^{15}\,$G,
 the Alfv\'en QPOs are mostly confined to the fluid core. For EOSs
with a smaller shear modulus, this could reduce to several times
$10^{14}\,$G. Above this {\it minimum field strength}, Alfv\'en
oscillations completely dominate in the crust and the resulting QPOs
have a maximum amplitude at the surface of the star. It is thus
likely, that the Alfv\'en QPO model can operate efficiently only above
such a minimum field strength. In that case, the possible
  strength of magnetar magnetic fields is limited to a narrow range,
  between the minimum strength discussed here and the upper bound
  determined in \cite{Cerda2009}. Furthermore, the empirical formulas
for the QPO frequencies presented in \cite{Cerda2009} could be used to
directly constrain the strength of the magnetic field and the
compactness of the star.

A more extended investigation of the minimum magnetic field strength
for the Alfv\'en QPO model will appear in \cite{Gabler2010}.  We are
also planning to extend our model by taking into account additional
effects, such as different magnetic field topologies (see also
\cite{Sotani2008b}), the coupling of the interior dynamics to an
external magnetosphere, and the effect of field-line entanglement in
the core.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
We are grateful to the anonymous referee for useful comments which helped to improve
the final version of this letter. This work was supported by the
Collaborative Research Center on Gravitational
Wave Astronomy of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG
SFB/Transregio 7), the Spanish {\it Ministerio de Educaci\'on y
  Ciencia} (AYA 2007-67626-C03-01), the ESF grant COMPSTAR
and a DAAD exchange grant. Computing time was provided by the {\it Servicio de
 Inform\'atica de la Universidad de Valencia}.

\bibliographystyle{mn2e}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Big Idea: Digital Leadership
Big Data and IT Talent Drive Improved Patient Outcomes at Schumacher Clinical Partners
An evolving care system and the influx of patient data from electronic health records has led health care companies to rethink how they leverage digital tools to better serve patients and providers.
Chris Cotteleer (Schumacher Clinical Partners), interviewed by Gerald C. Kane August 24, 2017 Reading Time: 8 min
As organizations rely increasingly on digital technologies, how should they cultivate opportunities and address taking risks in a fast-moving digital market environment?
Chris Cotteleer, chief information officer, Schumacher Clinical Partners
Schumacher Clinical Partners (SCP) staffs and operates more than 400 emergency departments and hospital medicine programs throughout the United States, treating some 8 million patients annually. The company, based in Lafayette, Louisiana, manages electronic medical record, coding, billing, and back-end reimbursements on its platform. Like many health care organizations, changing consumer expectations, new regulations, and an influx of patient data has created a perfect storm for SCP to rethink how it leverages digital tools to better serve patients and providers.
MIT Sloan Management Review guest editor Gerald C. Kane spoke with SCP's chief information officer Chris Cotteleer about how digital transformation through data and analytics makes his organization more efficient, improves patient outcomes, and offers attractive work environments for health care providers.
MIT Sloan Management Review : How do you use data and analytics insight to change the way you make decisions?
Cotteleer: Our goal is to get the right doctor or clinician into the right facility at the right time for the patient to walk through the door and be treated well. We take a very operation-centered approach to information; it's not unlike a supply chain. We've got a supply of patients coming in — an infinite queue with spikes in demand. They need to be served, and we've got to get providers on the ground to do that.
To meet patient demand, we spend a lot of time trying to predict what's going to happen — accounting for changes like surges and seasonality — and for that, having patient chart information is very important, so we can tell that a Triage Acuity 5 [lower level of support needed] takes a little bit of time, or a Triage Acuity 1 [a higher level of support] will take more. Depending on the blend of what's occurring in that emergency department, we might staff an extra NP/PA [nurse practitioner or physician's assistant] or an extra doctor, and all of that goes to cost and quality of care.
I read somewhere that you're working on something called "syndromic surveillance." Can you tell me a little bit about that?
Cotteleer: We're on the precipice of that. It's a real driver for us.
Gerald C. (Jerry) Kane is a professor of information systems at the Carroll School of Management at Boston College and the MIT Sloan Management Review guest editor for the Digital Business Initiative. He can be reached at gerald.kane@bc.edu and on Twitter at @profkane.
Blockchain Data Collection Digital Leadership Executive Interview Health Care Predictive Analytics
Muhammad Moroojo
Predictive analytic is needed in health care industry more than any other. Here we are talking about the welfare of human being which is more essential than profit maximization. However, it will not be only patient but the doctors and clinics are going to reduce cost through efficient and smart processes. According to Gerald C. Kane (2017) Schumacher Clinical Partners (SCP) staffs and operates more than 400 emergency departments and hospital medicine programs throughout the United States, treating some 8 million patients annually. Chris Cotteleer (Schumacher Clinical Partners) said in an interview "to meet patient demand, we spend a lot of time trying to predict what's going to happen — accounting for changes like surges and seasonality — and for that, having patient chart information is very important, so we can tell that a Triage Acuity 5 [lower level of support needed] takes a little bit of time, or a Triage Acuity 1 [a higher level of support] will take more." (Kane, 2017)
Linda A. Winters a PhD student thinks that not only can predictive analytics help with predictions, but it can also reveal surprising associations in data that our human brains would never suspect. She has illustrated seven benefits of predictive analytics to medicines as follows,
•	Predictive analytics increase the accuracy of diagnoses.
•	Predictive analytics will help preventive medicine and public health.
•	Predictive analytics provides physicians with answers they are seeking for individual patients.
•	Predictive analytics can provide employers and hospitals with predictions concerning insurance product costs.
•	Predictive analytics allow researchers to develop prediction models that do not require thousands of cases and that can become more accurate over time.
•	Pharmaceutical companies can use predictive analytics to best meet the needs of the public for medications.
•	Patients have the potential benefit of better outcomes due to predictive analytics.
Kane, G. C. (august, 2017). Big Data and IT Talent Drive Improved Patient Outcomes at Schumacher Clinical Partners . MIT Sloan Management Review. Retrieved October 2, 2017, from https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/big-data-and-it-talent-drive-improved-patient-outcomes-at-schumacher-clinical-partners/
Winters, L. A. (2014, October). Seven ways predictive analytics can improve healthcare. Retrieved October 2, 2017, from https://www.elsevier.com/connect/seven-ways-predictive-analytics-can-improve-healthcare


Tesla CEO Elon Musk announced that the company's upcoming Tesla Model Y SUV will go into production, The Verge reports.
Speaking at an earnings call with investors, Musk said Tesla has made significant progress on the Model Y, although full-volume production of the vehicle is not set to begin until 2020.
Musk has approved the final prototype of the electric SUV, but the carmaker does not yet have any capacity to begin production at its facilities.
He added that he was also excited about the production of a Tesla pickup truck.
Tesla recently reached a milestone after producing 100,000 Model 3 vehicles, and is currently manufacturing vehicles at a rate of over 1,000 per day.


Hey Rebels! We are throwing it back to one of our favorite episodes all about wholesale! On this episode, we chat with Katie Hunt, the wholesale guru, to tell you all about the ins and outs of wholesale. You don't want to miss this one!


When you go camping, or if you are outside trying to do yard work, there is the possibility that mosquitoes could try to bite you. There are some people that do not have much of a problem with them, but the vast majority of individuals will get bitten. You can go to the store and purchase a wide variety of products that can repel mosquitoes very easily. However, there are some people that would prefer not using chemically based mosquito repellent and would rather use a natural remedy. Here is an overview of the 12 plants that repel mosquitoes effectively that you can use instead of store-bought products.
This is a beautiful flowering plant that is typically seen in hanging pots. If you have enough of these, it is possible that the plants themselves can repel the mosquitoes because of their odor.
This is an herb that you can grow on your own, one that you have probably used when you were cooking different meals such as fish or pork. It has a very distinctive flavor. It also has an aroma that causes mosquitoes to go away, and you can also get Rosemary oil at the store or have it sent to you after ordering it on the web.
This is called a carnivorous plant because it actually will trap insects and digest them. They have a very unique fragrance that lures insects including mosquitoes. This is a very different way of repelling mosquitoes because the plant is actually attracting them to consume them as part of their diet.
Most people understand what garlic smells like, and if it is potent enough, it will actually cause people to refrain from being around this very strong smell. In the same way that it can repel people, it will also repel insects, and many people will eat garlic supplements during the summer for this purpose.
In opposition to garlic, lavender has a very beautiful sent. It is a flowering plant that is often used and sold as a way of helping people calm down. For some reason, mosquitoes have the opposite effect, turning away from this odor instead of being attracted to it. This also comes in oils that you can purchase and put on your skin.
Lemongrass is something that you will probably used on salads, or perhaps in a soup. If you grow this yourself, it will be roughly 4 feet tall and about 3 feet wide. This is another plant that you will want to place outside in close proximity to where you will be doing outdoor activities. It will repel mosquitoes by virtue of its odor.
This is a perennial clumping grass that you will definitely know by its odor. It can effectively keep mosquitoes away. These can grow to 6 feet in height, or even larger, and should be placed where people are going to be sitting or where your kids tend to play outside.
This has a very sweet lemony smell, and many people purchase lemon balm extract because of its calming properties. It can grow in the shade, and has been known to survive even during drought seasons. You can purchase the oil, or you can grow these plants on your own.
Catnip is the same substance that you have probably given to your cats which has likely made them very happy. According to experts, it is 10 times more powerful than the store-bought mosquito repellents that are available. This should not be planted near other flowers or herbs if you happen to have cats. They will likely destroy all of the surrounding plants to get at the catnip.
This is one spice that almost everyone has used when cooking. It is very strong, and is a very effective mosquito repellent. It is recommended that you grow lemon or cinnamon basil, primarily because the odor is going to be much stronger, and this will keep you and your family safe from mosquito attacks outside.
This is an annual plant which is extremely hardy and colorful. It actually produces a substance called pyrethrum. You will notice that this substance, which is all natural, is in many mosquito repellents that are sold. It is a great border flower, one that should be placed near entrances and exits at your home.
This overview of the 12 plants that repel mosquitoes effectively should give you a few ideas on what you should grow outside. As mentioned before, you can get some of these in bottles with oil which are premixed, completely natural mosquito repellents that you can use instead of store-bought chemicals. By having both plants outside, and using the oils with the oils from these plants, you should have no problem at all preventing mosquitoes from biting your family or you.


text:
VIDEO: Angels take the lead in the sixth
By Michael Ambrose | Orange County Register
The Angels took their first lead off the game in the sixth inning thanks to a Conor Gillaspie two-run home run off of Corey Kluber that drove in Erick Aybar. David DeJesus also singled to score Johnny Giavotella to extend the Angels' lead to 5-3 later in the inning.
Kluber got pulled in favor of Kyle Crockett after giving up the single to DeJesus. Kluber had gone six or more innings in every start since June 14th. The Angels roughted up Kluber for ten hits, the most that last year's Cy Young winner has given up since April 27. Kluber's season high for hits is 13, which Kluber gave up April 22.
Gillaspie has been raking since he was dealt to the Angels from the White Sox, batting 8-29 with the one homer and six RBI. Gillaspie had not hit a home run since June 13.
For DeJesus, the RBI single was his first hit and run batted in as an Angel after coming over from Tampa Bay July 28. DeJesus was the last of the four deadline addition by the Angels to get his first hit.
Michael Ambrose


If this is the way Queen Victoria treats her prisoners she doesn't deserve to have any.
When I see a spade I call it a spade. I am glad to say that I have never seen a spade.
Charity, dear Miss Prism, charity! None of us are perfect. I myself am peculiarly susceptible to draughts.
The chapter on the fall of the Rupee you may omit. It is somewhat too sensational.
Ignorance is like a delicate exotic fruit; touch it and the bloom is gone.The whole theory of modern education is radically unsound. Fortunately, in England, at any rate, education produces no effect whatsoever.
It is very vulgar to talk like a dentist when one isn't a dentist. It produces a false impression.


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text:
First look at Faubourg in Montclair, the modern French brasserie opened by Daniel Boulud alums
This modern French brasserie, opening June 25 by Daniel Boulud alums, is in a bank-turned-theater on Bloomfield Avenue
First look at Faubourg in Montclair, the modern French brasserie opened by Daniel Boulud alums This modern French brasserie, opening June 25 by Daniel Boulud alums, is in a bank-turned-theater on Bloomfield Avenue Check out this story on northjersey.com: https://www.northjersey.com/story/entertainment/dining/2019/06/20/first-look-faubourg-montclair-opening-soon/1500955001/
Esther Davidowitz, North Jersey Record Published 5:04 p.m. ET June 20, 2019 | Updated 10:32 a.m. ET June 24, 2019
Photos: First look at Faubourg in Montclair
The dining rooom at Faubourg, the new modern French brasserie, has an elegant, modern feel with long gray and blue banquettes and camel-colored mid-century chairs. The ceiling is 20-feet tall, making the space feel even more grand. Tariq Zehawi/NorthJersey.com
Owners Dominique Paulin and Olivier Muller, who is also the executive chef, worked for two years to open their first restaurant. Both worked for world-renowned French chef Daniel Boulud. Tariq Zehawi/NorthJersey.com
The outdoor patio at Faubourg has its own bar and quaint white-painted benches for enjoying drinks and bar snacks alfresco. Tariq Zehawi/NorthJersey.com
The near fllor-to-ceiling windows line the front of new Faubourg restaurant on Bloomfield Avenue. The entrance, however, brings you into the stunning patio with seating, open space and a bar. Tariq Zehawi/NorthJersey.com
Diners at Faubourg can peek into the two-story wine cellar that today houses 1,000 bottles of wine and has room for 1,000 more. Tariq Zehawi/NorthJersey.com
The owners of Faubourg wanted to make their restaurant inviting. Both hail from France and know that French food may intimidate some. The decor of their airy, modern restaurant is designed to telegraph that the place is for "everyone," said chef Olivier Muller, Tariq Zehawi/NorthJersey.com
The first-floor dining room of Faubourg with a view of the stairs that takes guests to a cocktail lounge, mezzanine seating and two private dining rooms. Tariq Zehawi/NorthJersey.com
What a difference two years make.
That's how long it took Dominique Paulin, an Essex Fells resident, and chef Olivier Muller, a Manhattan resident, to transform a huge bi-level bank-turned-theater-turned retail space on Bloomfield Avenue in Montclair into Faubourg, a stunning and elegant modern French brasserie that officially opens June 26. Both are longtime Daniel Boulud alums.
"It took a year to get the money, find the space and such," said Paulin, "and one year of construction."
As for cost? "It cost too much," Paulin said with a laugh.
The restaurant with a 20-foot-tall ceiling, dark-stained oak floors, an eye-grabbing black steel custom-made light fixture, seats 130 in its spacious dining room. It features three bars – one in a lovely patio with white-painted benches, another in the airy dining room, and still another in a second-floor cocktail lounge. It has two private dining rooms on the second floor, one that seats 16 and from which guests can overlook the main dining room below, and another that adjoins a swanky cocktail lounge that can be entered from an outdoor staircase.
"If you just want a drink, you don't have to even come into the restaurant," Paulin said.
MONTCLAIR EATS: Rao's Homemade sets up headquarters in downtown Montclair
COMING THIS SUMMER: Montclair's new MC Hotel is opening this summer with a rooftop bar
And there will be plenty of drinks. Paulin said the restaurant will offer an extensive cocktail program, providing 40 mostly classic drinks. "Cocktails that are just well done," Paulin said. It also has a two-story wine cellar that currently houses 1,000 bottles with room for 1,000 more.
As for food?
"French food is misunderstood," Muller said, explaining that many Americans either think it's rich and drenched in buttery sauces or may be intimidated by its reputation for being haute. "French food is about seasonality and good technique," he said.
Owners Dominique Paulin, left, and Olivier Muller, give us a sneak peak of Faubourg, a French restaurant, on Bloomfield Ave on Thursday June 20, 2019 in Montclair, N.J. (Photo: Tariq Zehawi/NorthJersey.com)
Among the appetizers at Faubourg is one of Muller's childhood favorites: tarte flambee ($12), a dish popular in Alsace where he grew up. Other appetizers include French cheese puffs gougeres ($8) and even that Middle-East favorite babaganoush.
"I've been in New York for many years, my wife is Greek," he said to explain why such a non traditional French dish is on the menu. "The menu now has food that you want to eat when the weather is nice."
For vegetarians, there's pan-roasted "center-cut" cauliflower with couscous flavored with almonds, mint and barberries on a bed of wilted greens.
Entrees include that classic French chicken dish coq au vin ($26) and a nouvelle-cuisine classic salmon and sorrel ($27). "This dish resonates so much for us," Muller said. Also on the menu, duck and rhubarb. "I love rhubarb. In Alsace, my mother grew rhubarb all the time."
Muller made sure to install a wood-burning grill in the kitchen so that guests can enjoy fish or meat simply prepared "with just a little garnish on it," he said.
Desserts are made in house by pastry chef Melissa Rodriguez. Among them are a tarte aux pommes fine ("It's classic, traditional," Muller said. "If you do it right, it's amazing"); passion fruit cheesecake ("Everyone loves cheesecake," he said) and strawberry and rhubarb panna cotta. Desserts cost from $10 to $12.
Faubourg, 544 Bloomfield Ave., Montclair, 973 542-7700, faubourgmontclair.com. Open daily. The bar opens at 4 p.m.; the kitchen at 5 p.m.
Read or Share this story: https://www.northjersey.com/story/entertainment/dining/2019/06/20/first-look-faubourg-montclair-opening-soon/1500955001/
Restaurant to finally open in shuttered Fairy Tale Forest
Charlie Brown's in Old Tappan closes
The ultimate guide to New Jersey speakeasies
Red White & Que Smokehouse to open fermented foods shop in Kearny
The best winter food and wine events in North Jersey


text:
Wildhaus steht für:
 Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann, seit 2010 eine politische Gemeinde im Obertoggenburg, Kanton St. Gallen, Schweiz
 den Namen des Ortes Wielbark bei der urkundlichen Ersterwähnung
 Wildhaus (Dobersdorf), einen Ortsteil der schleswig-holsteinischen Gemeinde Dobersdorf im Kreis Plön
 Wildhaus (Pass), einen nicht benannten Passübergang, dessen Scheitelpunkt die Ortsmitte von Wildhaus SG ist
 Wildhaus SG, eine Schweizer Ortschaft und bis Ende 2009 politische Gemeinde am Übergang des Toggenburgs ins Rheintal im Kanton St. Gallen

Wildhaus ist der Name folgender Personen:

 Ulrich von Wildhaus († 1351), Bischof von Gurk
Siehe auch:
 Schloss Wildhaus
 Sperrstelle Wildhaus
 Wilder House
 Wildeshausen
 Wildhäuser
 Wildt'sches Haus


Some 30% predict that the national average house price will decline over the next twelve months. However, this is only marginally more than the 28% that forecast a price rise over same the period, suggesting an evidently polarised outlook towards the market.
Halifax said that the headline House Price Outlook balance has slipped into negative territory with an overall balance score of -2 percentage points (28% minus 30%) compared with the positive reading of +9 (32% expecting a rise minus 23% expecting a fall) recorded in April's survey.
The majority of respondents expect any change in house prices over the next year to be relatively modest with 57% expecting any movement to be between plus 5% and minus 5%. Some 27% think that house prices will be unchanged in a year's time.
There is a clear North/South divide regarding the outlook for house prices over the next twelve months. The only three UK regions where more people expect house prices to rise rather than fall are in southern England.
Londoners are most optimistic with an overall net balance of +13, followed by the South West (+3) and the South East (+1). In contrast, those living in Scotland are the most pessimistic about the outlook for house prices (-17).
Job insecurity and raising a deposit are seen as the main obstacles to home buying. Over half, 57%, cited concerns over job security as one of the main obstacles to buying a home, up five points on April. A quarter, 25%, also identified worries over household finances as a key barrier to house purchase, down six points.
Current conditions in the UK mortgage market continue to weigh on buyers with 57% believing that concerns over being able to raise a deposit are a major barrier to home buying.
However, more people believe that it is currently a buyer's market with 53% of all respondents thinking that it is currently a good time to buy. This is more than four times the proportion thinking that it is a good time to sell. These sentiments have hardened significantly over the past six months.
Now, only 9% of adults, and the same proportion of owner occupiers, think the next twelve months will be a good time to buy and a good time to sell.
'It is unsurprising that confidence in the housing market has been shaken a little over the last few months given the increasing uncertainty about the current economic environment, together with pressure on householders' finances from weak earnings growth, higher inflation and tax rises,' said Martin Ellis, housing economist at Halifax.
'However, despite this deterioration in sentiment, record low interest rates continue to help to support the market. House prices nationally have changed little overall since the start of the year and we expect little change in both prices and activity over the next few months,' he added.
The research also found that owner occupiers are more pessimistic about the prospects for the housing market than the public as a whole. Some 33% of existing homeowners think that the national average price will be lower in 12 months time compared with 26% who think that it will be higher, a net balance of -7 percentage points and worse than the +5 recorded in April.
Also 80% of owner occupiers think the next 12 months would be a bad time to sell, up 16 points since April, and 58% think it would be a good time to buy.
As far as the rental market is concerned some 66% of adults think that private rents will rise over the next 12 months, compared to just 3% who believe that rents will fall. Private renters share similar sentiments at 69% and 5% respectively.


text:
August 29, 2019 January 1, 2020 flashexample.comArticles
Man vs Wild is one of the greatest TV season of all time. You can also call Man Vs Wild Greatest TV Season as:
Born Survivor: Bear Grylls
Survival Game
Real Survival Hero
You can call this TV serials season in many terms like those mentioned above. The people in the United Kingdom call this shows as Bear Grylls. Man Vs Wild Greatest TV season show is being aired on Discovery Channel and it is being hosted by Bear Grylls. While, in the United Kingdom, the TV shows first appears on the Channel 4 but later on the broadcasting rights are being carried by Discovery channel.
Diverse Bristol, a broadcasting or Television production company from Britan has initiated this TV series. The TV series was first broadcasted in 2006. The first survival trip was first inaugurated to the Nothern Sweden. We will be discussing the whole TV serial in later paragraphs.
All of the television serieal episodes are being narrated by the Bear Grylls. So far, the television series contain 7 seasons in tota; and there are more than 73 episodes, whereas the special episodes of the series are more than 10. In all of those special episodes or shows, celebrities and officials are being invited.
Man Vs Wild Greatest TV Season Preface:
There is a general format that every episode needs to follow. We will be discussing a particular episode in detail below. Basically, it takes weeks in shooting one episode. The episode is being broadcasted on Discovery channel at one time. The episodes have a duration of 45 minutes.
In an episode the leading actor is being landed in a particular area. The cast and all leads of the episode are being introduced to the new area, where they have to live an entire week and shoot the entire episode. The episode is directed in such a way that it look more real. It should depict the real events that are being caused in that particular episode.
The leading actor will have to perform all the events in front of camera and depict that he is the only one there. The episodes just highlight the importance of various places in the world and the number of wild animals who have been living there for decades. The episode takes much time to shoot but it is broadcasted for some time but with utmost entertainment.
The episode depicts adventure at its maximum extent. The episodes just makes you wonder that what is going to happen next. This means that the episode is full of surprises and utmost entertainment.
Season 1, Episode 1: "The Rockies" "Pilot"
This is the first episode of the TV serial Man Vs Wild Greatest TV season that was released back in 2006. In the episode, the Bear Grylls is being dropped in an unknown location. The location that was mentioned is some area within the Rocky Mountains that are being published in the British Columbia.
The area is generally termed as the Canadian Rock Mountains. The first episode was being published by the Miker Warner. And the survival experts that have taken part in the episode are as follows:
Ron Hood
And the Mike Jognston
If we take a look at the exact date of the episode 1 named as "The Rockies""Pilot". The episode was published on March 10, 2006. In the episode, the survival experts are being dropped in the middle of non populated area. Where, the survival experts might not find any human near by.
The experts will have to go through the whole area and they will have to fins the perfect route to the civilizations that are residing anywhere near that location. While finding the route to nearby civilization, the experts will have to prevent all the potential dangers. They will have to protect themselves from dangers that can cause them a potential damage. The damage will of any kind such as
The damage to their casting team
The damage to them
Damage to their lives
Damage to their material
And many other
They will have to stay alert 24/7 in that particular area. The experts will have to find some safe and secure place in order to stay at night or in day time for taking rest. They perform everything professionally and allows you to learn some new things as well as tricks that you can apply in the daily life.
The tricks are so impressive and easy that you can apply them everyday and make you work more simple accordingly. Let us take a look at numerous other episodes of the season 1, who have allowed directors to attract more users.
Moab Dessert
Costa Rican Rainforest
Mount Kilauea
African Savannah
Desert Islands
Kimberley Australia
So, these are the amazing 15 episodes that have earned a lot of business for the TV season. The season remains shooted for the whole year. The episodes were broadcasted between 2006 and 2007. The episodes are still present over the internet to watch.
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Lost Season Adventure TV Series
The Chernobyl disaster Facts Series


Okay, we're only days away now from naming the five greatest climbers of all time. For the last time, I revised the list of climbers up for consideration. I won't post another group of revisions.
First, this final list of nominees removed the pure rock climbers from the list, like Tommy Caldwell and sport climber Chris Sharma. They simply don't meet the mountaineering rubric, especially as we established that mountaineering is a higher standard of climbing.
Second, I've added on several climbers that you felt were left off. I have considered each one to the best of my knowledge and ability.
Third, I need you to correct me if the list is missing anyone that could be in the top five. If so, do so quickly. However, I believe that the five or so greatest climbers of all time are somewhere on this list below. I say "five or so" because while I will name five, I think that we could have one come in as atie or be given a single ranked spot as a dynamic duo, Batman.
I'm posting the five greatest of all time on Monday. I have my picks, but please tell me, who would you pick?
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make the 'modern' day list. But perhaps their achievements even more important, even with the historical context?
It is hard. Handicapping them across time is the toughest thing. I'm working on scoring everyone on the list now based on a rubric I posted earlier. It's interesting how the contemporary climbers are scoring slightly higher, probably because of increased difficulty and those that lead the way. I might have to reassess a bit.
I like your list, Robert, and we're very much in synch over these names. One major change would be that Buhl doesn't make the cut on mine; I've got Kurtyka there and some other order in the 1 to 5.
Also, even if I am an italian and I consider greatly Luigi Amedeo Duca degli Abruzzi and Ardito Desio, I don't think they can match the list you made above: they were more great organizers and explorers than great alpinists.
Also I think you forgot one of the best modern climbers, the russian Valery Babanov.
Not to late; it's the process of the exercise that matters. And I agree with you assessment of the Duke.