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In search of the Mayflower: A reporter's voyage to find his Pilgrim heritage
41 Action News Investigator Andy Alcock has turned his focus to tracing his lineage back to the arrival of the Mayflower.
By: Andy Alcock
KANSAS CITY, Mo. — Four hundred years ago, a group of 102 passengers and a crew of roughly 35 set sail from Plymouth, England in September 1620 aboard the Mayflower to establish a colony in the New World.
Their planned destination in the extremely cramped and unsanitary ship was the Hudson River area in what is now New York, but was northern Virginia at that time.
But strong winter seas forced them to anchor at Cape Cod Hook.
Faced with the unfamiliar and harsh New England winter, within a few months, almost half the Mayflower's passengers died.
While it was the "New World" to them, it was home to the Wampanoag Indians.
A few years earlier, European traders passed along disease which wiped out an estimated two thirds of the Wampanoag Nation.
Prior to the Mayflower's arrival, Europeans also took Native Americans for the slave trade.
For those reasons, the Wampanoags largely abandoned the coastal area around Plymouth.
But the Wampanoags knew the Pilgrims were there and the Pilgrims knew they were being watched.
Several months after the Pilgrims arrival in Plymouth, the understandably wary Wampanoags approached the Pilgrims who also had their doubts.
They learned they could help each other.
The Pilgrims had muskets and cannons the Wampanoags could use to fend off their rivals the Narrangansetts.
The Wampanoags knew how to survive in New England, the Pilgrims didn't.
On April 1, 1621, the Pilgrims and Wampanoags entered into a treaty which would last for 52 years.
In September 1621, a shared harvest meal would become the precursor to the modern day Thanksgiving.
By the time the treaty dissolved, the original leaders who agreed to it had died.
And then the tidal wave of European immigrants pushed Native Americans farther and farther west.
For that reason, some Native Americans observe a day of mourning on Thanksgiving for the ensuing loss of the people.
"Across the country, there's going to be mixed feelings about whether it's celebrated or not celebrated," Gaylene Crouser, Executive Director of the Kansas City Indian Center, said.
There were no mixed feelings when then Massachusetts Governor Calving Coolidge, who would later become U.S. President, spoke about the Pilgrims at the 300th anniversary of the Mayflower's arrival in 1920.
"They came undecked with honors of nobility. They were not children of fortune, but of tribulation. Persecution, not preference brought them hither. Measured by the standards of men of their time, they were the humble of the earth. Measured by their later accomplishments, they were the mighty. No captain ever led his forces to such a conquest. Oblivious to rank, yet men trace them to their lineage as to a royal house." Coolidge said.
This story traces my own ancestry search to this iconic group in America's history.
According to family lore, my personal connection to the Mayflower is contained in my middle name, Bradford.
Courtesy Alcock family.
Above: My dad Gordon Bradford Alcock 1931-2007 and my parents wedding day July 18,1959. My mom Phyllis Anderson Alcock 1930-2014, who's family name is my first name, with my dad.
My late father, Gordon Bradford Alcock, told me we are descendants of Mayflower passenger William Bradford.
Bradford would go on to serve as governor of Plymouth Colony and write a journal about the experiences of those early settlers.
But as an investigative reporter, it's one thing to say you're a descendant of Governor Bradford, it's something else to prove it with documented evidence.
No matter what I found, I knew I'd have a better understanding of my heritage.
My two brothers and their families and my Alcock cousins and their families would also benefit from this research.
Above: Childhood photo with my brothers. From left to right Gordon Bradford "Brad" Alcock Jr., Garrett Gordon "Gary" Alcock and me Anderson Bradford "Andy" Alcock
To quote Longfellow, it would also give me an opportunity to "put my footprints on the sands of time" for my family and their descendants.
My personal search for the Mayflower began by reaching out to relatives on my father's side of the family through phone calls, emails and social media.
Some of them I hadn't spoken to in many years, and others I'd never met until I began this search.
Two people were especially helpful with their assistance.
My cousin Doug Ranney supplied copies, and in some cases originals, of family photos and documents I'd never seen before he sent them.
The same can be said of Bill Hensley, the husband of my dad's late cousin Carol Moore Hensley.
I also found genealogists had done a lot of the work for me and attached documentation.
(A quick note about online research: The most helpful website by far has been familysearch.org - it's free and anyone can join. Much like Wikipedia, anyone can also contribute to it. Another website, ancestry.com, provided some much-needed hints and documentation. That site is also free unless you want to start accessing documents. You can get a two-week free trial on ancestry.com to access documents, but then it's a pay site. But like Wikipedia, not everything is 100 percent accurate.)
I started my family tree search and modifications with my own mom and dad.
Here's a link to my branch on the family tree on familysearch.com, starting with my dad Gordon. Accessing a living person like myself is not allowed due to privacy concerns. However, I'm also including links to other ancestors on the same website as a progression back in time.
From there, my search for information led me to my dad's parents.
Courtesy Alcock family
Above: My great grandparents Mary Lowe Alcock and Charles Wesley Alcock.
My grandfather Warren Joseph "Scotty" Alcock's branch of the family tree is the one I was told would bear fruit. He was called Scotty because his mother Mary was Scottish. Both of her parents, census records show, were born in Scotland.
Grandpa Scotty suffered from dementia, and I was just a little boy when he died. He wasn't the same guy my older cousins and my dad told me about in the short time I knew him, but I'm sure glad I did!
According to family, Scotty left engineering school at the University of Illinois to join the service.
Illinois state records show he registered for service while at college in Champaign, Illinois on June 3, 1917 and enlisted in the Army in Chicago on Dec. 24, 1917.
That same year, family and school photos show Scotty played for the University of Illinois baseball team.
Among his teammates on that University of Illinois team was George Halas, founder of the National Football League and owner of the Chicago Bears.
Above: left to right and top to bottom, my grandfather Scotty Alcock as a University of Illinois baseball player and the 1917 U of I team. Scotty, top row, 2nd from r to l. Seated below him 2nd from r to l, George Halas, NFL founder and Chicago Bears owner. Halas and Scotty were 2 of 6 teammates featured with individual pictures and captions in the U of I Sports annual.
Part of what I learned about my grandfather I found at the World War I Museum in Kansas City, Missouri.
I mentioned my grandfather's Army registration was in 1917.
He was on a passenger list for the President Grant, a ship that departed Hoboken, New Jersey, on Aug. 22, 1918, for the "Great War" in Europe.
Records and family photos show he served in the Army Air Corps as a second lieutenant.
He was a bombardier, dropping bombs by hand from the plane in those very early days of aviation.
Above: My grandfather Scotty Alcock with his Army Air crew during World War I, a close-up of my grandfather in the same photo and a picture of him in his World War I uniform.
According to family, his plane crashed due to a malfunction and he spent some time in a German hospital.
Those same Kansas City records show he returned home aboard the ship America on May 7, 1919.
Above: The ship the USS America which brought my grandfather home after his WWI service and the log showing he was a passenger on that ship.
My search for the Mayflower led to a strange, coincidental discovery involving Christmas Eve.
Grandpa Scotty's mother-in-law Kathryn Ungeheuer died on Dec. 24, 1933.
Chicago Board of Health records show the cause of her death was a fall from a second story window ruled "undetermined accidental or otherwise."
Why exactly a second story window would be open in Chicago in late December is unclear.
Above: 1927 photo from l to r my great grandmother Kathryn Ungeheuer, who fell to her death on Christmas Eve, 1933. On her lap, my late aunt Marge Ranney. Behind her, my late grandmother Margaret Alcock and my late uncle, Warren Joseph Alcock, Jr.
Whatever may have happened that day, I'm sure it was a very sad Christmas for my family.
Seven years later, on Dec. 24, 1940, Grandpa Scotty's own mother Mary Lowe Alcock died.
One of the most memorable and wonderful days of my life took place 65 years later. On Dec. 24, 2005, my wife Sarah and I were celebrating our first Christmas together as a married couple in our newly bought home in Louisville. We were hosting both our parents for Christmas Eve dinner when my brother Brad sent an email with a photo of my newly born niece Lucy in a Christmas stocking!
Above: The best Alcock Family Christmas gift ever! My niece Lucy wrapped in a Christmas stocking swaddle the day she was born Dec. 24, 2005
The next branch on the tree toward the Mayflower is Scotty's father and my great grandfather Charles Wesley Alcock.
Charles did quite well in the plumbing and heating business in Chicago.
But my dad told me he lost a lot of money during the stock market crash in 1929.
My Alcock Family history began in America with my great, great grandfather Joseph Alcock.
Joseph was born in Northern Ireland.
It certainly seems like a monumental and courageous decision for a teen-aged boy to leave his family behind and set sail to start a new life in a place across the ocean he'd never been before on his own.
But Joseph, like many immigrants, made that decision.
Passenger documentation confirmed by census data shows he immigrated to the U.S. in 1852 as an unaccompanied 16 year-old.
Above: This document shows my Great, Great Grandfather Joseph Alcock immigrated to the U.S. from Ireland aboard a ship called "City of Glasgow", arriving in Philadelphia on August 9, 1852.
Much like Kansas City, Chicago's growth from immigrants boomed due to the expansion of the railroads in the 19th century.
Tens of thousands of people like Joseph Alcock emigrated from Ireland in the mid-19th century, in part, due to the "Great Hunger" also commonly known as the "Irish Potato Famine."
Many of those immigrants sought their livelihoods in America's big cities like Chicago.
My immigrant great grandmother on my mother's side told my mom, "In Sweden, they told us the streets of Chicago were paved with gold!"
Joseph Alcock became a plumber.
Above: This family photo of four generations of Alcock males is from about 1919. On the left with the white beard is my great, great grandfather Joseph Alcock. To the right in back is my Great Uncle (Scotty's older brother) Charles Wesley Alcock, Junior. To the far right is my great grandfather Charles Wesley Alcock. The little boy in the middle of the picture is Charles Wesley Alcock III, who was called Wesley. Tragically, Wesley was killed on his bike as a boy by a train in the Morgan Park neighborhood on Chicago's south side.
The key to my possible Mayflower heritage, I found, is Joseph's first wife, my great, great grandmother Sarah Ann Chapin Alcock.
Above: Records from a Chapin Family genealogical book published in 1924 and a copy of their marriage license I obtained show Joseph Alcock married Sarah Ann Chapin on Sept. 5, 1866 in Racine, Wisconsin.
Racine is just north of the Illinois border and relatively close to Chicago.
One question I tried to answer is why a New England blue blood with long roots to Colonial America would marry a man fresh off the boat from Ireland and leave her New Hampshire home to move to Chicago.
Large waves of 19th century Irish immigrants sometimes faced discrimination. "Irish need not apply" signs were common at some businesses hiring workers.
However, genealogist K.C. Reid said if the new immigrant was from the same mother country as the family into which he or she was marrying, that individual would be well received because he or she would share cultural ties and traditions with that family.
And depending on the town of origin, that individual may carry news about family members still living there.
According to Reid, country of origin and religious beliefs were far more important to potential spouses in 19th century America then recent immigration status.
In my family's case, religious beliefs appear to be a factor in Joseph Alcock's marriage to Sarah Ann Chapin.
There are several prominent church leaders, including ministers, in Sarah Ann Chapin's and my ancestry.
For example, that Chapin genealogical book I mentioned traces the ancestors of Deacon Samuel Chapin, a church and civic leader in Colonial Springfield, Massachusetts.
Above: A statue of Deacon Chapin, my 9th great grandfather, can be found in Springfield.
The statue called "The Puritan" of my 9th great grandfather Deacon Samuel Chapin, completed by Augustus Saint-Gaudens in Springfield, MA 1887
And there's Reverend John Wilson, my 10th great grandfather, a Puritan, he was the initial minister of the First Church of Boston until his death.
Above: Rev. John Wilson, the initial minister of the First Church of Boston, my 10th great grandfather
And there's Reverend Thomas Hooker, another of my 10th great grandfathers, who as a Puritan minister, led a congregation to establish a new colony in what's now Connecticut.
Based on his sermon, Connecticut's constitution was written.
It was also the eventual framework for the U.S. Constitution.
A statue of Reverend Hooker holding a Bible is located at the Connecticut State Capitol.
Above: Rev. Thomas Hooker, a founding father of Connecticut and wrote the prototype for the U.S. Constitution, my 10th great grandfather
From this long line of Puritanical Protestants, Sarah Ann Chapin married Joseph Alcock, who was also a Protestant.
Joseph was part of Ireland's religious minority known as the Orangemen.
The Orangemen are named after the former King of England, Ireland and Scotland, William of Orange, who was known for his staunch Protestantism.
The green in the Irish flag represents the Catholic majority while the orange represents the Protestant minority.
In deference to my ancestors, I wear orange on St. Patrick's Day, which makes me subject to an occasional pinch for not wearing green!
It would appear Joseph was also a pretty charming guy! After his wife Sarah died in 1898, Cook County, Illinois, records show he married again in 1903 to a lady named Hattie Ross.
At the time, Joseph was 68 and Hattie was 46.
The next branch on the family tree toward the Mayflower is Sarah Ann Chapin Alcock's parents.
They are Charles Church Chapin and Sarah "Sally" W. Partridge who, records show, were married in Westmoreland, New Hampshire, on New Year's Day, 1835.
Census records from 1850 show Charles was a farmer.
Above: The headstone for the grave of Charles Church Chapin, my 3rd great grandfather, in Westmoreland, New Hampshire.
Two key families in my ancestry united on Feb. 5, 1791 when Charles Church Chapin's father, Calvin Chapin, married Abigail Church in Orange, Massachusetts.
Abigail Church lived past her 90th birthday, while her husband Calvin didn't make it to his 40th birthday.
However, the couple still managed to have 9 children, including my third great grandfather Charles Church Chapin, Calvin and Abigail's 7th child.
Calvin's father Stephen Chapin, my 5th great grandfather, National Archives records show, served as a corporal in a Massachusetts Regiment during the Revolutionary War.
Those records show his service began on April 19, 1775 as part of Captain Gershon Nelson's Company which marched to Cambridge and Roxbury to engage the British.
Above: This Revolutionary War Era Company Roll from 1778 shows Corporal Stephen Chapin, my 5th great grandfather, as the third name down from the top on the right-hand column.
But it wasn't Calvin Chapin and Corporal Stephen Chapin's line which led me toward the Mayflower.
Instead, it was Calvin's wife, Abigail Church's family, which pointed toward the Pilgrims.
Abigail's parents, Charles Church and Eunice Peckham, are the next link back in time towards the Mayflower.
Records show Charles and Eunice were married on August 18, 1756 in Bristol, Rhode Island.
That couple, I would find, is a unity point for four different Mayflower family lines.
The Church Family line is the first one I followed.
Charles Church's parents Constant Church and Mary Reynolds were married in Bristol, Rhode Island, on Jan. 25, 1732.
Constant Church's parents Charles Church and Hannah Payne also married in Bristol, Rhode Island, on May 20, 1703.
Records show Charles Church was a high sheriff of the county and a representative to the general court.
His parents were Colonel Benjamin Church and Alice Southworth, who were married in Plymouth, Massachusetts, the day after Christmas in 1671.
Colonel Church, my 8th great grandfather, was a carpenter, military officer and ranger, a precursor to the U.S. Army Rangers.
Above: Colonel Benjamin Church, a military officer, his unit was a precursor to the U.S. Army Rangers, my 8th great grandfather.
Colonel Church was also a leader in King Philip's War colonists fought with Native American allies against other Native American tribes.
The Rhode Island Society of Colonial Wars honored Colonel Church with a plaque at his grave site for his "fearless leadership and effective command".
Above: Plaque honoring Col. Church's service at his grave
With Colonel Church and Alice Southworth, I'm within two generations of the Mayflower and my connection to Governor William Bradford, my namesake.
To find that connection, I went to Alice Southworth's line and her parents, Constant Southworth and Elizabeth Collier, who were married on Nov. 2, 1637 in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Records show Constant Southworth is Governor Bradford's stepson.
Here's the connection.
Constant Southworth's parents were Edward Southworth and Alice Carpenter.
Constant was born on May 25, 1613 in Leiden, Holland, where many Pilgrims first left England to escape religious persecution before coming to Colonial America.
Sometime before 1623, Edward Southworth died.
My tenth great grandmother, Alice Carpenter Southworth, boarded the ship Anne in 1623 and took her two young sons Constant, my ninth great grandfather, and Thomas to Plymouth, Massachusetts.
William Bradford himself was a widower.
Imagine making the treacherous trip across the Atlantic in frigid temperatures with limited provisions 400 years ago and then accidentally dying after arriving.
William Bradford came on the Mayflower with his wife Dorothy May.
While Bradford had left the vessel on one of the many expeditions to scout for a settlement opportunity in a desperate attempt to get a foothold in the New World, Dorothy fell off the Mayflower on Dec. 7, 1620 into the frigid waters of what's now Provincetown Harbor and drowned.
Less than three years later, William Bradford married my tenth great grandmother Alice Carpenter Southworth on August 14, 1623 not long after her arrival on the Anne.
Above: Alice Carpenter Southworth Bradford, my 10th great grandmother and connection to Gov. William Bradford, his second wife.
The couple would have three children, William II, Mercy and Joseph Bradford.
While all those children and their ancestors are my distant relatives, I've not been able to find one of those lines showing I have a direct blood relationship to Governor William Bradford himself, my middle namesake.
It would seem my search for the Mayflower might end there.
However, it didn't.
One slight change sent me in a different direction.
Instead of following Alice Southworth's line to get to Governor Bradford, I followed Colonel Church's line.
His parents were Richard Church II and Elizabeth Warren who were married on March 14, 1635 in Plymouth, Massachusetts, just 15 years after the Mayflower arrived there.
Elizabeth Warren's father was Richard Warren, one of the Mayflower passengers.
Above: Richard Warren, my Mayflower descendant and 10th great grandfather, he signed the Mayflower Compact.
Warren was one of the cosigners of the Mayflower Compact, the first governing document of Plymouth Colony.
Warren came alone on the Mayflower, leaving his wife and five daughters, including my 9th great grandmother Elizabeth Warren, behind in Europe.
They came to Colonial America a few years later in 1623 aboard the Anne, just like my tenth great grandmother Alice Carpenter, who married William Bradford, did.
After their arrival in Plymouth, Richard Warren and his wife Elizabeth Walker had two sons, Nathaniel and Joseph Warren, to go along with their five daughters.
In addition to Elizabeth Warren, my research found I'm also directly related to two more Richard Warren children.
Nathaniel Warren is my 9th great grandfather and apparently my first ancestor born in Colonial America in 1625.
I also found a direct line to Richard's daughter Sarah, another 10th great grandmother.
If in fact I'm a direct descendant of Mayflower passenger Richard Warren, I have a lot of company.
Because Warren had seven children who survived into adulthood and had many children themselves, he's the most common Mayflower ancestor.
Among Warren's descendants and my very, very, very distant relatives are President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, President Ulysses S. Grant, Ernest Hemingway and astronaut Alan Shepard.
I also discovered Sarah Warren, my 10th great grandmother, married John Cooke in Plymouth in 1634.
John Cooke, my 10th great grandfather, was another Mayflower passenger.
He traveled on the Mayflower as a 13 or 14-year-old boy with his father, Francis Cooke, my 11th great grandfather.
Above: Francis Cooke was the 17th cosigner of the Mayflower Compact.
Much like fellow Mayflower passenger Richard Warren, Cooke, other than his oldest child John, left most of his family behind in Europe.
And like Warren, Cooke waited until the colony was better established before his wife Hester and their other children Jane, Jacob, Elizabeth and Hester traveled aboard the ship Anne to join him.
As previously noted, Warren's wife and children as well as Alice Carpenter and her two sons also came to the New World in 1623 on the Anne.
However, still not completely convinced I'd found a verified link to Warren and/or Cooke, I sought confirmation from the Mayflower Society, the organization of modern-day Mayflower descendants.
On April 3, 2019, I sent the preliminary research I found to the Mayflower Society showing my line from Richard Warren to me, 13 generations in all.
It was long before I found all three connections to Warren and the connections to my other apparent Mayflower descendants, Francis and John Cooke.
On April 8, 2019, I received a return email stating previous research and documentation confirmed the connections from Warren through generation six on my submittal.
But there was more work to be done to prove my heritage to the satisfaction of the Mayflower Society.
"Going forward, you will need to provide documentation proving everything from the 7th generation onward to yourself," the email reads in part.
To do it means gathering birth, marriage and death records.
And if those documents aren't readily available, other information like land, wills, military, published genealogies and census records can plug the gap.
It certainly appeared and turned out to be a daunting task, but one I felt I had to complete to have definitive proof of my Mayflower heritage.
I pressed on starting with the necessary records for myself, my parents, my grandparents and through to generation seven from Richard Warren, Abigail Church and Calvin Chapin.
Getting the records for myself, my parents and my grandparents was relatively easy because I already had some of those documents and knew where to find the rest of them.
The first problem getting the rest of the records started with my great grandparents Charles Wesley Alcock and Mary Lowe Alcock.
Census records indicate they were both born in Chicago around 1868.
But 1871 was the year of the Great Chicago Fire.
Records like birth certificates were among the fire's casualties.
I also asked for the wrong death record from Cook County, Illinois, for my great grandmother Mary Lowe Alcock.
The wrong record was for a woman named Mary Lowe, who died six years after my great grandmother Mary Lowe Alcock.
Another issue was trying to get a series of 19th century town records from Westmoreland, New Hampshire.
A small village in the southwest corner of New Hampshire, Westmoreland was where my great, great grandmother Sarah Ann Chapin Alcock was born.
Sarah's parents Charles Church Chapin and Sarah "Sally" W. Partridge were also both born there, they were married there and they died there.
While I didn't get some records, Westmoreland Town Clerk Jodi Scanlan, after an exhaustive search, did send me a record showing the deaths in that town for Charles Church Chapin, Sarah "Sally" W. Partridge and Charles Church Chapin's parents Calvin Chapin and Abigail Church Chapin who all died in Westmoreland.
Also complicating the approval process with the Mayflower Society was the pandemic.
Because of the coronavirus, it took months for the Cook County, Illinois, Clerk's Office to re-open and return vital records.
Ultimately, I had enough documentation to send in my application in May and was able to forward additional documents I received after that point through Kansas Mayflower Society Historian Walter Murphy.
But Murphy also told me application reviews were taking six months to process.
Then on Oct. 21, Murphy sent me an email.
It reads in part, "Congratulations! Your preliminary application as a 12th generation descendant from Richard Warren is being approved by the General Society of Mayflower Descendants."
A few days later, it became official!
On Oct. 27, in an email from Della Regenold, Governor, Society of Mayflower Descendants in the State of Kansas, she wrote, "Congratulations on becoming a member of the General Society of Mayflower Descendants and the Society of Mayflower Descendants in the State of Kansas. Thank you for showing pride in your Mayflower ancestry by becoming a member."
Above: The top of my membership application to The Society of Mayflower Descendants in the State of Kansas.
Above: The signatures of the Kansas and General Mayflower Society historians accepting my application for membership.
It's been a remarkable journey of learning and appreciation for my ancestry.
While the search for the Mayflower is part of my ancestral story, EVERYBODY has their own family history.
While it can be challenging and time consuming to find it, I found it was well worth it and extremely gratifying!
And there will be new stories to tell for the latest generation as it makes a mark in the world.
Above: The newest Alcock generation shares a group hug in 2013. From l to r, my niece Allison, my niece Lucy, my son Gordon, my niece Lauren and my niece Laney.
We ALL owe a debt of gratitude to our ancestors who came before us.
There's a Chinese proverb at the beginning of the Chapin Genealogy book worth noting.
"To forget one's ancestors is to be a brook without a source, a tree without a root."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home Business The physician agrees with Biden that Fb "kills individuals" with Covid misinformation.
The physician agrees with Biden that Fb "kills individuals" with Covid misinformation.
Dr. Nahid Bhadelia, founding director of the Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases at Boston University, told CNBC that from a medical standpoint, she agrees with President Joe Biden's claim that platforms like Facebook are killing people by putting misinformation about Covid-19 vaccines in theirs Allow services.
"I think social media plays a huge role in spreading misinformation that leads people not to take the vaccine, which is killing them," said Bhadelia. "It's the honest truth. Covid is a vaccine-preventable disease at the moment."
Bhadelia cited results from the Kaiser Family Fund poll, which found that 54% of Americans either believe or cannot tell whether a common Covid vaccine myth is fact or fiction.
The US is struggling with a drop in vaccination rates and an increase in infections. All 50 states have reported spikes in Covid cases over the past week, according to data from Johns Hopkins University. The US has an average of more than 26,000 new cases a day, and that's the highest number in two months, according to Johns Hopkins.
Bhadelia told CNBC The News with Shepard Smith that she believes social media companies can do a lot more to stop the spread of disinformation.
"You have to invest a lot more resources and improve your balance to clear that information faster, invest more resources in changing your matrix, because right now what is on top of your page is not right, but what it is is popular, "said Bhadelia, a medical worker for NBC News.
She also suggested that social media companies should partner with public health officials more to get the right information out to the people.
Facebook spoke out against the White House claims.
"We will not be distracted by allegations that are not supported by the facts," said a spokesman. "The fact is, more than 2 billion people have viewed authoritative information about COVID-19 and vaccines on Facebook, more than any other place on the internet. More than 3.3 million Americans have also used our vaccine finder tool to find out where and how to get a vaccine. The facts show that Facebook helps save lives. Point."
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Greater cooperation needed to restore global growth
Pretoria - Greater cooperation and collaboration is now required by leaders of the G20 to restore global growth, especially on the African continent.
On his return from the G20 Summit to the country on Friday, Finance Minister Trevor Manuel said leaders had demonstrated political will to end the global economic crisis, however, what was needed now was cooperation.
"What we need now is to work together and build the foundation for a sustainable, balanced and inclusive recovery into the future," Minister Manuel told reporters in Pretoria.
He said a "fair amount" had been achieved at the G20 summit and a global response was now needed.
"What the world was looking for was a global response by the G20. We committed ourselves to that and we feel coming out of the meeting, a fair amount has been achieved."
He said the Communique issued by the G20 at the conclusion of the summit provided a road map that requires a global solution to the greatest challenge that faces the world today.
The leaders of the world's most powerful economies have pledged $1.1 trillion to restore credit, economic growth and jobs in the world economy.
"Together with the measures we have each taken nationally, this constitutes a global plan for recovery on an unprecedented scale," the leaders said in a Communique issued after the summit.
The Communique also agreed to reform the two international financial institutions - the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank to assist developing nations.
The meeting further resolved that the emergency resources account of the IMF, which is the emergency lender for nations in financial crisis, will be expanded to $750 billion.
It further agreed that an additional $250 billion will be given for a new Special Drawing Rights - an international reserve asset used by the IMF to supplement the existing reserves of member countries.
According to the Communique, $100 billion of additional lending will be given to multilateral development banks as well as $250 billion support for trade finance.
Additional resources from IMF gold sales for finance for the poorest countries were also agreed upon by world leaders.
Both IMF and World Bank economists have forecast that the world economy will shrink in 2009 for the first time since World War II.
Mr Manuel emphasised that now that governments had agreed on a plan to restore global growth, it was time for banks to resume lending and enable people to do business.
As the only African country at the summit, Mr Manuel said South Africa presented four points for the Summit's consideration in an attempt to restore global growth and development.
These were: stabilising global finance, countering the global recession, deploying resources to support demand and sustaining investment in developing countries and laying the foundation for a sustainable recovery.
"There were appeals to remember Africa, to make new inroads against poverty, to turn previous aid pledges into reality," he said, adding that there was a commitment to ensure that developing countries received finances particularly in infrastructure.
Mr Manuel said the agreement had also put emphasis on saving jobs and rescuing struggling economies, especially those of poverty-stricken nations.
For South Africa, which has so far avoided a recession, he said the government will not immediately seek loans from the IMF or other world financial institutions, adding that they would only ask for a loan when the need arises.
National Treasury Director General Lesetja Kganyago said South Africa had always been bullish about its economy, but it had never been blind to the fact that the country was linked to the global economy.
"If we hadn't taken the steps we had - painful as they might have been - growth would have been much slower," he said.
Mr Kganyago stressed that while the economy has been affected by the global economic crisis, it remains stable because of massive investments in construction ahead of the 2010 World Cup.
However, Mr Manuel was quick to point out that the mining and automobile sectors would face "enormous difficulties" but this was not unique to local industries.
"These sectors are going to face enormous difficulties. I think the automobile sector is also going to face enormous difficulty, but that wouldn't be a uniquely South African situation."
South Africa's mining and automotive industries have been hard-hit by the global economic slowdown putting thousands of jobs on the line.
The G20 leaders are expected to meet again later this year.


In patients with uveitis or patients with special scars in the retina, we may ask if there is any history of pets.
Previous ocular toxocariasis may cause retinal scars and even tractional retinal detachment. Recent exposure to puppies in a uveitis patient may go along with active ocular toxocariasis.
A recent cat scratch in a patient with neuroretinitis or a young patient with a branch vein occlusion may represent cat scratch disease. These patients may even be systemically ill, with fever, neurological problems, and/or lymph node swelling.
Old ocular toxoplasmosis may be the etiology of dormant-appearing scars in the retina. An active area of retinal inflammation (retinochoroiditis) may represent active ocular toxoplasmosis. Patients may have a history of cleaning out the kitty litter box, having a sandbox that cats frequent, or eating undercooked meat.


text:
Hyposmocoma nigrodentata is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai.

External links

nigrodentata
Endemic moths of Hawaii
Moths described in 1907
Taxa named by Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Animals (Importation) Regulations 1985 (NI)
Date of repeal 13 Aug 2019
Repealed by Norfolk Island Continued Laws Amendment Ordinance 2015
ANIMALS (IMPORTATION) REGULATIONS 1985
[Consolidated as at 16 February 2006
on the authority of the Administrator
and in accordance with
the Enactments Reprinting Act 1980]
3. Fees to accompany applications
4. Refund of fee
1. These Regulations may be cited as the Animals Importation) Regulations 1985.
2. In these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears —
"application" means an application under section 7 of the Act to import into Norfolk Island an animal;
"class", in relation to an animal, means a type, species or genus by which that animal is generally known and includes all of that type, species or genus, without reference to age, sex or breed.
Fees to accompany applications
3. (1) For the purposes of paragraph 7(2)(c) of the Act, the fee to accompany an application is the fee for the class of animal in respect of which the application is made.
(2) The fee in relation to a class of animal is the amount specified in column 2 opposite the class of animal specified in column 1 of the Schedule.
Refund of fee
4. Where a person applies in accordance with section 7 of the Act to import an animal and the Administrator refuses under paragraph 8(1)(b) of the Act to grant a permit, the Administration shall refund the fee which accompanied the application.
TABLE OF FEES
Class of animal
All other animals
The Animals (Importation) Regulations 1985 as shown in this consolidation comprises Regulations No. 3 of 1985 and amendments as indicated in the Tables below.
Enactment
and year
Application saving or transitional provision
Animals (Importation) Amendment Regulations 1989
Table of Amendments
ad = added or inserted
am = amended
rep = repealed
rs = repealed and substituted
Provision affected
How affected


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'No justice' after Crown won't appeal acquittal in farm shooting: father
In National, News
REGINA — The father of a young Indigenous man who was killed on a Saskatchewan farm says he is heartbroken the Crown will not appeal the acquittal of the man accused in the fatal shooting. Last month, a jury found Gerald Stanley not guilty of second-degree murder in the death of Colten Boushie, who was
REGINA — The father of a young Indigenous man who was killed on a Saskatchewan farm says he is heartbroken the Crown will not appeal the acquittal of the man accused in the fatal shooting.
Last month, a jury found Gerald Stanley not guilty of second-degree murder in the death of Colten Boushie, who was 22 and from the Red Pheasant First Nation. The Crown said Wednesday there is no legal basis to appeal the verdict.
"There's no justice there," Pete Boushie told The Canadian Press from his home on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation in Montana. "What else can I say?
"It just goes to show there is no justice in this world."
Saskatchewan senior prosecutor Anthony Gerein said a verdict can't be appealed because people don't agree with it or because there may be questions about the investigation.
"The Crown can only appeal legal errors in the course of the trial," he told a news conference.
"Public prosecutions lawyers, me, lawyers who do the appeal work here in Saskatchewan, experienced trial lawyers outside the appeal section … found no basis to appeal."
The trial heard that Boushie was one of five young people who drove an SUV into Stanley's farmyard near Biggar, Sask., in August 2016. They testified they were looking for help with a flat tire.
Stanley told the trial he thought they were trying to steal an all-terrain vehicle. He testified he fired warning shots to scare them away and the gun accidentally went off again when he reached for the keys in the SUV's ignition.
The case was filled with racial tension from the beginning and the verdict was met with outrage from Boushie's relatives and their supporters.
After the verdict, family members met with federal ministers along with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to ask for changes to the justice system and to how juries are selected to better reflect Indigenous people.
Rallies were also held around Canada to voice displeasure with the outcome of the case.
"I know there is much sadness about the decision not to appeal, but there can be no appeal because the law does not allow it," Gerein said.
He said the Crown did not consult with the Boushie family about the legal decision, but Gerein spoke to lawyers on both sides and they informed their clients.
Stanley's lawyer, Scott Spencer, could not be reached for comment.
Perry Bellegarde, National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations, said the decision "is another devastating blow to the family of Colten Boushie, and yet another indication to First Nations that Canada's justice system is failing them."
He said seeing justice denied affects everyone.
"This specific case exposed with glaring clarity some ugly aspects of racism and ignorance," he said in a statement. "We are deluding ourselves if we think that's not the case."
Boushie's cousin, Jade Tootoosis, has said that the family felt excluded and ignored by the justice system following the shooting.
"I urge no one to be discouraged or distrust the system. We are all in this together and must be united against crime and in the search for justice," Gerein said.
Tracey Lindberg, of the Kelly Lake Cree Nation and a law professor at the University of Ottawa, said Indigenous people are still stereotyped as villains even when they are the victims.
"We have to give up this false narrative of justice and replace it with a truth: Canadian justice harms Indigenous peoples," she said in an email. "And justice which harms some is not just for anyone."
Nickita Longman, an activist and Boushie family supporter who attended the trial, said justice can't be found in Canada's legal system.
"And without justice in colonial law, there can be no reconciliation," she said.
On Tuesday, the Civilian Review and Complaints Commission launched a review into the RCMP's investigation into the shooting.
More than half Manitoba's active COVID 19 cases are in First Nations population


text:
Grimoires by a Biblical King? The Magical Treatise of Solomon and the Key of Solomon
The Magical Treatise of Solomon and the Key of Solomon are two grimoires (handbooks of magic) commonly said to have been written by the biblical King Solomon. The latter grimoire has been described as The most enduring, influential, and notorious Solomonic book , and much has been written on it. English translations of this piece of work can also be found easily. By contrast, the Magical Treatise of Solomon may be said to be less well known, and relatively less has been written about it. Nevertheless, this grimoire is regarded as the precursor to the Key of Solomon .
Little Key of the Whole Art of Hygromancy
The Magical Treatise of Solomon is known also as the Little Key of the Whole Art of Hygromancy, Found by Several Craftsmen and by the Holy Prophet Solomon , or simply as the Hygromanteia. This text is a compilation of Greek manuscripts, and dates to the 15th century AD. It has been said that this text is the ancestor of the famous Key of Solomon . At present, the only English translation of the Magical Treatise of Solomon is the one edited by Ioannis Marathakis, which was first published in 2011. With regards to this translation, it has been stated that "For the first time (outside of a handful of pages in academic works) the full Greek original of the Key of Solomon appears in English."
The Magical Treatise of Solomon, or Hygromanteia by Ioannis Marathakis. ( Amazon)
It is said that the Magical Treatise of Solomon was taken to Italy, likely Venice, at some point of time during the decline of the Byzantine Empire. Some say that the Key of Solomon was a translation of the Magical Treatise of Solomon from the Greek to Latin and Italian. The Latin name of this piece of piece, by the way, is Clavicula Salomonis . On the other hand, popular opinion suggests that this grimoire was translated from a Hebrew original. For instance, in the 'Preliminary Discourse' of Mathers' English translation, it is written thus,
This Testament was in ancient time translated from the Hebrew into the Latin language by Rabbi Abognazar, who transported it with him into the town of Arles in Provence.
The Significance of the Sacred Seal of Solomon and its Symbols
The Lost and Coveted Treasures of King Solomon
King Solomon's Mines Discovered: Kings and Pharaohs - Part I
The Ars Notoria - An Ancient Magical Book to Perfect Memory and Master Academia
Another source says that "there is no substantive evidence for a Hebrew version before the seventeenth century". Additionally, the oldest manuscripts used by Mather's for his translation of the Key of Solomon are probably from the 16th century AD. Therefore, it is entirely possible that the Key of Solomon is a translation of the Magical Treatise of Solomon . Nevertheless, there are "precedents going back further", and there are those who do not doubt that Solomon himself was the author of this grimoire.
A group of pentacles from the Hebrew manuscript (BL Oriental 14759, fol. 35a). ( Public Domain )
The Key of Solomon
In Mather's edition of the Key of Solomon , the grimoire is divided into two parts. Both parts deal with various aspects of the practice of magic. For example, several chapters are dedicated to the preparations needed to be undertaken by a practitioner of magic. In Book I, such chapters include 'Chapter I. Concerning the Divine Love Which Ought To Precede the Acquisition of This Knowledge', and 'Chapter IV. The Confessions To Be Made By the Exorcist', whilst in Book II, one finds such chapters as 'Chapter IV. Concerning the Fasting, Care, And Things To Be Observed', and 'Chapter V. Concerning the Baths, And How They Are To Be Arranged'.
In order to illustrate the range of magical aspects dealt in the Key of Solomon , a few more examples will be used. Chapter X of Book I is entitled 'Of the Experiment of Invisibility, And How It Should Be Performed'. This is followed by a completely unrelated chapter entitled 'To Hinder A Sportsman From Killing Any Game'. Solomon is perhaps best known for the power given to him by God to communicate and control supernatural beings, and there are some chapters relating to this as well.
Buer, the tenth spirit, who teaches "Moral and Natural Philosophy" (from a 1995 Mathers edition). ( Public Domain )
For instance, in Chapter XIII of Book I, one may learn 'How To Make the Magic Carpet Proper For Interrogating the Intelligences, So As To Obtain An Answer Regarding Whatsoever Matter One May Wish To Learn', followed by a chapter on 'How To Render Thyself Master of A Treasure Possessed By the Spirits'.
Whether the texts were really written by Solomon, or even if they were not, there are certainly some very interesting topics covered within!
Featured image: Solomon at his throne, painting by Andreas Brugger, 1777. Photo source: Public Domain
By Ḏḥwty
Davies, O., 2009. Grimoires - A History of Magic Books. [Online]
Available at: http://coreyemmah.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/1/8/22181700/davies_-_grimoires.pdf
Google Books, 2016. The Magical Treatise of Solomon, or, Hygromanteia. [Online]
Available at: https://books.google.com.my/books/about/The_Magical_Treatise_of_Solomon_or_Hygro.html?id=wPyjpwAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Karr, D., 2010. The Study of Solomonic Magic in English. [Online]
Available at: http://www.digital-brilliance.com/kab/karr/tssmie.pdf
Mathers, S. L. M., 1888. The Key of Solomon the King. [Online]
Available at: http://sacred-texts.com/grim/kos/index.htm
Peterson, J. H., 2005. The Key of Solomon. [Online]
Available at: http://www.esotericarchives.com/solomon/ksol.htm
Rowe, B., 1999. The Greater Key of Solomon. [Online]
Available at: http://hermetic.com/norton/pdf/gkos-1.pdf
14 July, 2019 - 01:53 Caleb Strom
'First Kings' Myths From Around the World: How Do They Compare?
Monarchs have always played a very important role in how their subjects form their cultural identity. Egypt, China, and the Sumerian city-states are examples of some of the oldest monarchies. The...
Read more about 'First Kings' Myths From Around the World: How Do They Compare?
13 July, 2019 - 20:54 valdar
Legendary Black Knights: Mysterious Medieval Entities of Neutrality
Black Knights began to appear in history during the Middle Ages. Since the 13th century, a series of legends mentioning the mysterious Black Knights emerged. Although the Black Knights were said to...
Read more about Legendary Black Knights: Mysterious Medieval Entities of Neutrality
23 June, 2019 - 14:03 ashley cowie
Crusader King Died Because He Refused to Eat His Greens
A French sleuth may have solved the mystery of the death of France's famed King Louis IX, better known as Saint Louis. He was the last of the crusader kings and it was believed that he died of plague...
Read more about Crusader King Died Because He Refused to Eat His Greens
4 June, 2019 - 02:00 ancient-origins
The Kingdom of Hayti and the Slave that Pronounced Himself King
By Marlene Daut / The Conversation Marvel's blockbuster "Black Panther," which recently became the first superhero drama to be nominated for a Best Picture Academy Award, takes place in the secret...
Read more about The Kingdom of Hayti and the Slave that Pronounced Himself King
1 June, 2019 - 18:47 Ed Whelan
Underwater Fortress Found: Ancient Fort Linked to Bloody Biblical Battles Found Off Coast of Israel
Underwater archaeology is helping to transform our knowledge of the ancient world. In Israel, maritime archaeologists have discovered a 2,200-year-old Hellenistic fortress linked to biblical battles...
Read more about Underwater Fortress Found: Ancient Fort Linked to Bloody Biblical Battles Found Off Coast of Israel
11 May, 2019 - 22:35 ancient-origins
8 Notorious Vikings Who Left Their Bloody Marks on History
Although an excellent series in many ways, Vikings brought with it a pretty romanticized portrait of some of the key names found in the Norse Sagas and the lives they might have lived. Although these...
Read more about 8 Notorious Vikings Who Left Their Bloody Marks on History


text:
Accounting Vs. Operations Tools
By Dennis Hartman
Can You Use Balance Sheet Expenses in Overhead?
How to Change the Default Settings in Microsoft Works
An Accountant's Role in Budgeting
What Is the Value of Accounting Functions in an Organization?
How to Report Prior Period Adjustments in a Cash Flow Statement
Small businesses rely on a number of ongoing activities that, collectively, allow owners and managers to access the information they need when they need it to make strategic decisions. The tools that facilitate these activities are essential to doing business. While some are specific to one area of operations, such as accounting tools, others figure in more general business operations.
In business, operations refers to all of the activities that an organization participates in regularly to increase or preserve the business' value. Operations include basic transactions such as materials purchases and product sales, along with marketing efforts and strategic planning. Accounting refers to the financial record keeping and data reporting that businesses engage in to meet legal requirements and keep stakeholders informed of the organization's changing financial position.
Accounting processes are part of business operations. Owners and managers rely on the information that accounting provides in the form of reports and financial statements to make important decisions about future spending, hiring, product development and marketing. Accounting also preserves the value of a business by making information available to the public, which encourages investors and keeps the business in compliance with tax and business regulations.
Specific Accounting Tools
A business needs special tools that are dedicated to the accounting process. For a large business, this includes the accounting department, along with all of its personnel, computer equipment, software programs and records. For a small business, accounting tools consist of paper or computerized accounting ledgers, tax-preparation software, accounting programs, payroll software and, in some cases, a professional relationship with an outside accountant, payroll specialist or financial adviser.
Additional Operations Tools
Accounting tools are part of operations tools. However, the tools a business needs to perform its operations extend beyond the necessities of accounting. Besides the tools used for accounting, other operations tools include formal business plans, contracts with clients and suppliers, and internal worker training and evaluation programs. Practical tools such as computers, office space and corporate bylaws are also important to allowing business operations to function smoothly.
Principles of Accounting: Introduction to Managerial Accounting
FindLaw: Business Operations
The Role of Operations in Organizational Effectiveness
Accounting Job Functions
Strategic HR Business Partner Tools
Benefits of a Computer to an Accountant
How to Remove Trendnet Wireless Utility
What Is an ISO in Accounting?
How to Remove Registry Entries for Msconfig Start up Programs
Business Organization Tools
Capital Budgeting for Manufacturing
1 The Role of Operations in Organizational Effectiveness
2 Accounting Job Functions
3 Strategic HR Business Partner Tools
4 Benefits of a Computer to an Accountant


Hard Work: Defining Physical Work Performance Requirements focuses on physically demanding occupations that require strength and stamina, such as law enforcement, structural and wildland firefighting, mining, forestry, and the military. It is the first book to examine the relationship of recruitment practices, physical training, and physical evaluation to the intricate environment of corporations, labor organizations, the legal system, and employment rights.
Hard Work: Defining Physical Work Performance Requirements is organized into five parts. Part I begins with definitions of the physically demanding occupation and characteristics of workers available for employment. The legal aspects of employment are also considered, including reference to age, gender, race, and disability.
Hard Work: Defining Physical Work Performance Requirements suggests how workers could benefit by working up to job requirements while maintaining their health, safety, and job performance. This unique text seeks to bring about a paradigm shift wherein workers are viewed as occupational athletes who, aided by effective recruitment, testing, and training, receive the necessary support to help them excel in their physically demanding workplace.
A reference for occupational physiologists, graduate students, physicians in occupational medicine, managers and employees in physically demanding occupations, city and agency personnel specialists, judges, lawyers, expert witnesses, personnel in state and federal labor and justice departments, and those who write and interpret employment laws.
Brian J. Sharkey, PhD, is a physiologist in the Technology and Development Center at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service in Missoula, Montana, where he researches fitness, health, and work capacity. Previously, Sharkey served as director of the University of Montana's Human Performance Laboratory and remains associated with the university and lab as professor emeritus.
As a leading fitness researcher, educator, and author, Sharkey has more than 40 years of experience in both exercise and work physiology, including research with wildland firefighters. For contributions to the health, safety, and performance of firefighters, Sharkey received the USDA's Superior Service Award in 1977 and its Distinguished Service Award in 1993.
Sharkey is a past president of the American College of Sports Medicine and served on the NCAA committee on competitive safeguards and medical aspects of sports, where he chaired the Sports Science and Safety subcommittee, which uses research and data on injury to improve the safety of intercollegiate athletes. He also coordinated the United States Ski Team Nordic Sports Medicine Council.
Paul O. Davis, III, PhD, is the president of the First Responder Institute in Burtonsville, Maryland, where he has conducted job and medical standards development for hundreds of public safety and military organizations. He is a former firefighter/paramedic and as a member of the Fire Board of Montgomery County, responsible for the development of definitive medical care outside of the hospital.
As an expert witness, Davis has made more than 60 appearances in federal and state court and was recruited by the FBI to participate in legal defense of physical standards. He was also selected by the United States Marine Corps to validate the physical fitness test (PFT) and to conduct certification of the physical training unit staff at the FBI Academy at Quantico, Virginia. Most recently he was engaged by the Department of Homeland Defense to develop hiring and retention standards for the reorganized Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE-D). He is the creator of several TV sports productions including the Firefighter Combat Challenge providing color commentary on ESPN, A&E, and the Versus network.


text:
Free Consultation: 866.812.8787 Tap Here To Call Us
Published By The Law Offices of John Day, P.C.
Medical Malpractice Defense Verdict Affirmed
by The Law Offices of John Day, P.C.
In Commercial Bank & Trust Co. v. Children's Anesthesiologists, P.C., No. E2016-01747-COA-R3-CV (Tenn. Ct. App. Oct. 25, 2017), plaintiffs were the legal guardian of a minor who, after a shunt revision, was no longer able to walk. Plaintiffs filed an HLCA suit, and after trial, the jury returned a verdict for defendants. Plaintiffs appealed, raising four issues.
First, plaintiffs asserted that "the Trial Court erred in allowing testimony that implied that [the minor's] parents came to this country as refugees." Because plaintiffs did not object to this line of questioning at trial, though, this issue was deemed waived.
Second, plaintiffs alleged that it was error to not allow a certain exhibit to be taken into the jury room. During cross examination of one of the defendant doctors, plaintiffs' counsel used a piece of paper on which "standard of care" was handwritten, and the following words were typed: "The practice that protects the patient from unnecessary risk of serious harm." After defendant doctor said she agreed with that statement, plaintiffs' counsel attempted to file the paper as an exhibit. The trial court marked it for identification purposes only, then later refused to let it be taken to the jury deliberation room. The Court of Appeals held that this was not error, pointing out first that plaintiffs' counsel failed to object at trial, and further that the alleged exhibit was "needless presentation of cumulative evidence, since the statement contained in [the exhibit] was read to [defendant doctor] at trial, and she testified that she agreed with the statement." (internal quotation omitted). In addition, the Court noted that because the statement was so general, it would have likely "resulted in confusion by giving this written statement undue weight over the oral testimony on that issue."
Third, plaintiffs argued that "the Trial Court should have granted a new trial because defendants allegedly failed to offer evidence of the standard of care." The Court of Appeals quickly rejected this argument, pointing out that "Plaintiffs had the burden of proving the standard of care, not defendants."
Finally, plaintiffs' alleged that the jury instructions constituted error because they referred to an "error in judgment." Here, the relevant jury instruction stated:
By undertaking treatment, a medical professional does not guarantee a good result. A medical professional is not negligent merely because of an unsuccessful result or error in judgment. An injury alone does not raise a presumption of negligence. It is negligence, however, if the error of judgment or lack of success is due to a failure to have and use the required knowledge, care, and skills as defined in these instructions.
Plaintiffs asserted on appeal that this instruction was analogous to an "honest mistake" instruction, and that "because there was 'no testimony whatsoever basing any defense on 'error in judgment,' it was reversible error to instruct the jury on such a defense.'" The Court of Appeals disagreed, reasoning:
Even if Plaintiffs are correct that the evidence in the record on appeal does not support a defense based upon 'error in judgment,' the jury instruction given provided for another possibility. The jury instruction given provided that a defendant is not negligent merely 'because of an unsuccessful result,' or because of an 'error in judgment,' Here, it was alleged that Dr. Harris's decision to continue to attempt to remove the shunt after he encountered difficulty was inappropriate and that Dr. Harris should have made a different decision. Clearly, Dr. Harris used his medical judgment when he made the decisions that he made during the surgery. So the fact that defendants did not admit to an 'error in judgment' does not invalidate the use of this instruction when Plaintiffs presented proof that Dr. Harris erred in choosing to continue to attempt to remove the shunt.
Accordingly, the defense verdict was affirmed.
The "error in judgment" defense is a thorn in the side of lawyers who
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Bloodaxe, June 2020
Return by Minor Road
In her mid-20s, Heidi Williamson was part of a Scottish community that suffered an inconceivable tragedy, the Dunblane Primary School shooting. Those years living in the town form the focus of her third poetry collection Return by Minor Road.
Through rivers, rain, wildlife and landscape, Williamson revisits where 'the occasional endures' and discovers the healing properties of a beloved place:
'These small movements
towards the bracken
are to be reckoned with.'
Heidi Williamson, With a rootless lily held in front of him
Order Return by Minor Road
"Through poems of meticulous clarity and precision, Williamson charts the lives and landscapes of a tragedy and its aftermath. These are poems which honestly and respectfully explore the two worlds of humanity: the world we inhabit, its towns, fields and rivers; and, equally importantly, the emotional and spiritual context – the world which inhabits us. What binds the two together? In this powerful and moving collection, it is surely love."
— John Glenday
"A subtle, moving collection that embraces and explores the landscape cut into the heart. With profound moments and a cumulative power, the collection encapsulates how place and the past are a continuing emotional reality."
— Esther Morgan
"Williamson has achieved an impressively finely-tuned response to the Dunblane massacre. Adventurous, intriguing, with a sense of being compelled to return, of the sequence taking its own quiet path. A very valuable book indeed."
— Moniza Alvi
"Return by Minor Road is a wonder. Almost unbearably moving at times, these poems evoke the elemental nature of memory, our animal striving for survival, and the horror that human beings so often inflict upon each other. In three sections, the haunting of trauma, the returning in memory, and the return in actuality to honour the dead, Williamson reminds us that our most sacred responsibility is to remember."
— Dan O'Brien
Bloodaxe, 2016
The Print Museum
EAW Book by the Cover Award
2016 East Anglian Book Award for Poetry
In her second collection, printer's daughter Heidi Williamson mines the rich language and history of printing to consider themes of belonging, parenthood, love, and how we communicate, and fail to communicate, with each other.
Individual, familial and cultural inheritance is explored – through subjects ranging from Gutenberg to Gill, Kindles, Twitter, ultrasounds, the death of Diana, 3D printing, climate change, childlessness, genes, and what is downloadable.
By turns sensual, playful, and stark, The Print Museum collects exhibits and fragments from this fading industrial art and displays them alongside pieces driven by the same forces of longing, loss, transformation and delight.
At the Print Museum
Order The Print Museum
"Her playful experiments with form uncover the mechanics at work behind language itself'… documenting a contemporary world in which the very 'substance of a Tweet' is potentially radioactive."
— Poetry Book Society, Spring Bulletin, 2016
"Courageous and moving."
— Briony Bax
"It is these moments of stillness in Williamson's writing, of stasis and contemplation, of sadness and such beauty, that make her poems unforgettable. They make you return to them, to find what made you stop in that silence."
— Tilly Nevin, The Oxford Culture Review
"Heidi's collection works beautifully, drawing extensively on the art of printing both for its own sake as a fascinating subject in itself but also as a metaphor for wider topics… an engaging collection which acts as a kind of love letter to a sadly dying craft."
— Trevor Heaton, Eastern Daily Press
Electric Shadow
Poetry Book Society Recommendation
Shortlisted for the Seamus Heaney Centre Prize for Poetry 2012
Heidi Williamson's first collection is peopled with vibrant and disturbing shadows. The Northern Lights reach down beneath the London skyline, James Dean learns the craft of distance, Darwin staggers across a heaving ship, Coleridge slumbers on to another dream, and The Travelling Salesman turns a calculator on us.
Fuelled by a residency at the London Science Museum's Dana Centre, Williamson's fascination with science leads her to explore less usual territories for poetry, including mathematics, chemistry, and computer programming, as well as space travel, electricity, and evolution.
As she investigates the limits of personal and factual knowledge with 'eyes wide open', the driving force throughout is a desire to understand the 'astonishing state of possibilities' in the world around and inside us.
Heidi Williamson, Electric Shadow
Order Electric Shadow
"Poems which display an incisive mind, a powerful imagination and an equally impressive purchase on language."
— Poetry Book Society selectors Moniza Alvi and Paul Farley
Hallelujah for 50ft Women
Edited by Raving Beauties
Our relationship to our bodies is affected by many things including culture, religion, family, sex, hunger, pleasure and pain. By revealing the complex depths of our relationships with our bodies Hallelujah for 50ft Women makes a much needed contribution to a compassionate understanding of our evolving selves.
Selected from over a thousand submissions, this new anthology from ground-breaking Raving Beauties theatre company includes new poets as well as established writers such as Selima Hill, Kim Addonizio, Jackie Kay and Helen Dunmore.
Order Hallelujah for 50ft Women
"…brilliant, actually"
— Observer
Springer, US, 2012
Edited by Guruprasad Madhavan, a program officer at the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, and National Research Council in Washington, DC
Chefs, poets, music directors, evangelical pastors, skyscraper architects, artists, filmmakers, as well as scientific leaders, entrepreneurs, educators, business executives, policy makers, and the contrarians, shed light on our understanding of sustainability and the role that each of us can play.
Order Practicing Sustainability
Faber, 2012
The Forward Book of Poetry
Edited by Andrew Motion
Described by the Daily Mail as 'a wonderful feast of contemporary poetry', this year's edition of the highly praised anthology includes poems by some of the most respected poets of their generation.
Order The Forward Book of Poetry
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The BRAIN Initiative and the neuroscience field as a whole are generating massive and diverse research data across different modalities, spatiotemporal scales and species in efforts to advance our understanding of the brain. The data types are being produced through development and application of innovative technologies in high-throughput -omics profiling, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, electrophysiological recording, macroscale neuroimaging, neuromodulation, and others. The BRAIN Initiative has made significant investments in the development of an infrastructure to make data available to the research community in a useful way. This infrastructure includes data archives, data standards, and software for data integration, analysis and machine learning.
This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages secondary analysis of the large amounts of existing data related to the BRAIN Initiative. The data do not need to be held in one of the funded BRAIN Initiative data archives, but the data must be held in a data archive that is readily accessible to the research community. Support will be provided for innovative analysis of relevant existing datasets using conventional or novel analytic methods, data science techniques, and machine learning approaches. Support may also be requested to prepare and submit existing data into any of the BRAIN Initiative data archives. Investigators should not underestimate the time and effort that may be necessary to curate or harmonize data.
Analyzed data, models and analytical tools generated under this FOA are expected to be deposited into an appropriate data archive. Since the BRAIN Initiative data archives are mostly making the data available to the research community through cloud-based storage, depositing the analyzed data, models and tools are expected to enhance opportunities to create a data sandbox where investigators can easily compare the results of their analysis with those from other research groups.
The goal of this FOA is to promote studies that will significantly advance new discoveries and accelerate the pace of research of the BRAIN Initiative through harnessing the big data and machine learning opportunities. Awardees are expected to enhance the value of existing data, improve the overall data integration and analysis capability, and strengthen the statistical power and rigor and reproducibility of BRAIN Initiative related data.
September 6, 2019 and June 11, 2020, by 5:00 PM local time of applicant organization. All types of non-AIDS applications allowed for this funding opportunity announcement are due on these dates.
To enable rapid progress in development of new technologies as well as in theory and data analysis, the BRAIN Initiative encourages collaborations between neurobiologists and scientists from disciplines such as statistics, physics, mathematics, engineering, and computer and information sciences. NIH welcomes applications from investigators in all of these disciplines.
In addition to the BRAIN Initiative, the NIH continues to have a substantial annual investment in neuroscience research. The Institutes and Centers contributing to the NIH BRAIN Initiative (http://braininitiative.nih.gov/) support those research efforts through investigator-initiated applications as well as through specific FOAs. Potential applicants to this FOA are strongly encouraged to contact Scientific/Review staff if they have any questions about the best FOA for their research.
This FOA is related to the recommendations in Section III.5 of the BRAIN 2025 Report. Specifically, this FOA solicits applications that will address the recommendations on "Identifying Fundamental Principles".
deposit analytic workflows as well as analyzed data into a relevant data archive.
Often, measured data, especially from high-throughput studies, can be used by researchers to examine hypotheses and questions beyond the interest of those who initially derived the data. An opportunity for secondary data analysis particularly occurs when advanced or new analytic methods, computational tools or theoretic frameworks become available after the initial data were measured. Another opportunity is a joint analysis with the such data as those available from the Human Connectome Projects and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.
Data generated from multiple laboratories or across different modalities or scales are also attractive targets for further analysis. In these cases, substantial effort may be needed to harmonize or link the data that are in existing data archives. Harmonization activities to link specific data sets may be generalizable, which is why the NIH expects that such workflows will be deposited in an appropriate data archive.
Machine learning or artificial intelligence is expected to contribute greatly to understanding the data that are relevant to the BRAIN Initiative. Unsupervised learning by methods such as clustering, dimensionality reduction or decomposition, and graph theory could be used on large data sets to better understand brain circuits. Applications involving supervised learning using technologies such as artificial neuronal network, random forest and support vector machines are also welcome under this FOA. Finally, mathematical modeling or simulation by methods such as partial differential equations, agent-based models, Markov chains and Bayesian networks are welcome under this FOA as well.
The BRAIN Initiative has made significant investments in the development of informatics infrastructure for a) data archives (awards from RFA-MH-17-255, RFA-MH-19-145); b) data standards (awards from RFA-MH-17-256, RFA-MH-19-146); and c) software tools for data integration, analysis and machine learning (awards from RFA-MH-17-257, RFA-MH-19-147). The infrastructure is mostly implemented in a cloud environment. The three components of the infrastructure also interact with each other: the data archives implement the software tools, which enables users to analyze the archived data on a cloud environment without downloading the data out of the archive; the data archives and the software tools moreover adopt the data standards, which facilitates data sharing and the rigor and reproducibility of research. A complete list of funded projects on the informatics infrastructure can be found at https://www.braininitiative.nih.gov/funding/funded-awards by entering informatics in the Program field..
NeMO (Neuroscience Multi-Omics Data Archive) for multi-omics data.
BIL (Brain Imaging Library) for confocal microscopy brain imaging data.
DABI (Data Archive for the Brain Initiative) for neurophysiology data.
OpenNeuro for MRI and other neuroimaging data.
bossDB (Block and Object Storage Service Database) for electron microscopy and x-ray microtomography data.
Additionally, archives such as the Collaborative Research in Computational Neuroscience, dbGaP and the NIMH Data Archive may have data relevant to the BRAIN Initiative. The NLM maintains a list of data repositories that may also have relevant data (https://www.nlm.nih.gov/NIHbmic/nih_data_sharing_repositories.html). Applicants should check those or other information to find many of the potential data sources. Applications will be responsive to this FOA as long as the data to be analyzed is readily available to the research community in a data archive. The preceding list of data archives is not exhaustive. Applicants are encouraged to contact program staff if they have questions about whether the data they plan to analyze is in an appropriate data archive.
Investigators who are primarily interested in developing new software tools should consider applying to either RFA-EB-17-005 (BRAIN Initiative: Theories, Models, and Methods for Analysis of Complex Data from the BRAIN), or RFA-MH-19-147 (BRAIN Initiative: Integration and Analysis of BRAIN Initiative Data) depending on their specific interests. While tool development is not prohibited, the real goal of this FOA is to support the application of tools to analyze existing data rather than the development of new tools. Applicants are strongly encouraged to contact program staff if they have questions about the best FOA for their applications.
This FOA invites applications that will conduct secondary analysis or data mining of existing data relevant to the BRAIN Initiative goal of understanding brain circuits. The FOA also invites applications that seek to prepare and submit existing data that are highly relevant to the BRAIN Initiative into one of the BRAIN Initiative data archives.
Applications can propose to generate or test new hypotheses which would not be possible in studies of single experiments, single technologies or single laboratories, or were beyond the scope of the original studies. Applications that propose to reanalyze existing data sets using new tools or approaches are also welcome. The proposed research may involve innovative analyses of existing data or novel combination or integration of existing data sets to address new aims or explore new questions.
Applicants may want to consider the neuroethical implications of proposals involving data from human subjects.
create a cell taxonomy based on gene expression state transitions, developmental trajectories, or spatial relationships.
construct neuron morphology or map brain networks.
explore intrinsic geometry and dynamics of brain networks and explore brain complexity through the course of development, across lifespan or neurobehavioral trajectories, or under different plasticity conditions and homeostasis.
understand circuit functions at multiple scales and information exchange between different components of the nervous system, and search for emergent principles in complex systems beyond circuits.
understand molecular mechanisms underlying cell diversity, lineage differentiation, cognition, or behavior.
explore how alterations in genes, proteins or genetic networks affect brain connectivity, circuit functions or neuronal activities.
how the structure of a neuron affects its integration into a circuit.
how a circuit affects the neural system that it fits into.
how the dynamic activity of a neural system drives behavior.
how circuit dysfunction could manifest in behavior or create a disorder.
Resolve ambiguities and enhance reproducibility, transparency and statistic power of BRAIN Initiative datasets.
Format existing data that are highly relevant to the BRAIN Initiative program and deposit those data into a relevant data archive.
Extract, manipulate or convert existing BRAIN Initiative relevant data and appropriate metadata into a format that can be deposited into one of the BRAIN Initiative data archives. Merge or link BRAIN relevant datasets into a format that will be suitable for further research relevant to the mission of the BRAIN Initiative.
This FOA encourages use of the BRAIN Initiative informatics infrastructure, including data archives, data standards and analytic software in the proposed research. Applicants should request an appropriate staff time as well as computational time for the proposed analysis. Preference will be given to approaches that compute on the data without moving it rather than approaches that require the data to be downloaded from the archive.
While some of the BRAIN Initiative data are already stored in one of the BRAIN Initiative data archives or other stable data repositories (e.g., CRCNS.org), others datasets that are ready for additional analysis might only be available in the laboratory that collected the data. Applicants may propose to analyze such privately held data, but such applications must request funds to deposit the data at the beginning of the project. Data analysis will not be permitted until the data have been deposited in a data archive so that the data are available to others in the research community.
This FOA expects deposition of the analysis pipelines or/and analysis results (e.g., processed data, training or gold-standard data, computational models, and statistical models) to a relevant data archive after secondary analysis or data mining. In this way, the FAIR principles for data sharing and the rigor and reproducibility of research will be enhanced.
This FOA encourages either collaborations with or applications from mathematicians, theoreticians, physicists, ethics specialists, computer scientists or artificial intelligence experts for cross-fertilization in the big data and machine learning approaches to the BRAIN Initiative. Collaborations between those who originally acquired the data and those analyzing the data are not required but may be helpful.
propose to collect new data even if it is to enhance the power of current, existing datasets.
focus on the maintenance and distribution of data sets. Such applications should be submitted to RFA-MH-19-145.
focus primarily on the development of computational methodologies and software tools rather than the application of such tools. Such applications should be submitted to RFA-MH-19-147.
focus primarily on the development of new theories, computational models, or statistical tools. Such applications should be submitted to RFA-EB-17-005.
Applicants are encouraged to contact the Scientific/Research staff listed below for clarification regarding the scope of this funding opportunity.
Issuing IC and partner components intend to commit an estimated total of $4,000,000 to fund 8 awards in FY2020.
Application budgets are limited to $300,000 (direct costs) each year but need to reflect the actual needs of the proposed project.
In the Significance section, describe the relevance or importance of the project to the goals of the BRAIN Initiative, found in BRAIN 2025: A Scientific Vision.
In the Approach section, if the data are held in a non-BRAIN Initiative funded archive, describe the archive and explain how researchers can access the data. Describe how the archive will make analysis pipelines and results available to research community to create a data sandbox where other researchers can continue to build on this work.
In the Investigator section, explain how the research team has appropriate expertise from all of the disciplines that are needed to conduct the proposed research.
Location of Data: Applications must clearly state where the data proposed for analysis are located. This statement should include relevant data set identifiers. In cases where the data are currently privately held, the archive that has been selected to hold the raw data must be indicated. In such cases, a letter of support from the manager of the data archive should be included in the application indicating that the archive will accept the data set.
Timeline: A timeline should be included as part of the Research Strategy and should include a distinct final section, entitled "Milestones", that briefly proposes indicators of progress at critical junctures. These should be tailored to the unique scope of each project and written concretely enough to evaluate what exactly will have been achieved during the project.
All applications, regardless of the amount of direct costs requested for any one year, should address a Data Sharing Plan. There is no prescribed single license for the distribution of software or other analytic tools produced through grants responding to this announcement. However, the data sharing plan is expected to discuss: (1) how the software or tools will be made widely available; (2) transferability, i.e., ability of another individual or team to continue development as appropriate; (3) terms of availability that will enable researchers to enhance the software or tools and share those enhancements with colleagues.
Many NIH ICs encourage the use of common data elements (CDEs) in basic, clinical, and applied research, patient registries, and other human subject research to facilitate broader and more effective use of data and advance research across studies. CDEs are data elements that have been identified and defined for use in multiple data sets across different studies. Use of CDEs can facilitate data sharing and standardization to improve data quality and enable data integration from multiple studies and sources, including electronic health records. NIH ICs have identified CDEs for many clinical domains (e.g., neurological disease), types of studies (e.g., genome-wide association studies (GWAS)), types of outcomes (e.g., patient-reported outcomes), and patient registries (e.g., the Global Rare Diseases Patient Registry and Data Repository). NIH has established a "Common Data Element (CDE) Resource Portal" (http://cde.nih.gov/) to assist investigators in identifying NIH-supported CDEs when developing protocols, case report forms, and other instruments for data collection. The Portal provides guidance about and access to NIH-supported CDE initiatives and other tools and resources for the appropriate use of CDEs and data standards in NIH-funded research. Investigators are encouraged to consult the Portal and describe in their applications any use they will make of NIH-supported CDEs in their projects.
Will the outcome the proposed data analysis be important in achieving the goals of the BRAIN Initiative ? If data archiving is proposed, will the newly available data be widely used or important to the research community? Will the output from a grant award contribute to a creation of a data sandbox where other researchers can continue to build on this work?
Does the research team have expertise from all of the disciplines that are needed to conduct the proposed research?
Is the location of the data set clearly stated? Does the proposed archive make the data easily accessible to the research community? Does the proposed archive have an appropriate infrastructure to make data analysis pipelines and results be easily accessible to the research community? Will the proposed archive allow the research community be able to build on the results of this work?
Are the proposed milestones and timeline described in a sufficient detail and are they appropriate for the project? Is the timeline reasonable? Are the milestones feasible, well developed, and quantifiable?


This past fall I had the pleasure of photographing so many wonderful families! I love working in my studio but you just can't pass up the gorgeous colors that fall has to offer so I was able to photograph many of my sessions at Smithville Mansion in Mt. Holly. This post shares a few photos from three different families each with their own unique qualities. Even though the backdrop might have been the same for many of the photos, the personalities vary so much. I look forward to each fall because in between weddings I get to see so many past clients that return yearly for updated photos. Enjoy!
To book an engagement session with Noreen Turner Photography please inquire using this form on my site.