text:
JP2004064167A - Portable type information processor - Google Patents
Portable type information processor Download PDF
Akihiro Kaneko
Yoshikuni Mae
Yasuhisa Mori
前 愛州
森 泰久
金子 明弘
株式会社日立製作所
2002-07-25 Application filed by Hitachi Ltd, 株式会社日立製作所 filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
230000001276 controlling effects Effects 0 abstract 1

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the handling convenience of a portable information processor about the notice.
SOLUTION: The portable type information processor comprises a mean for receiving information about the position, a means for setting a specified range and a notice form in the range, and a means for controlling so as to have notice in the notice form set by the setting means, if there are information about the position received by the receiving means within the range set by the setting means.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a portable information processing device that a user can carry and communicate with, for example, a mobile phone, a PHS, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a PC (Personal Computer), and a pager.
[Prior art]
At present, if the position information detected by the position information detection unit is within the area where the ringing tone is restricted (the "incoming call notification restricted area"), the ringing tone is not generated even if the ringer is set to ring. A wireless communication system capable of switching to light or vibration for notification has been proposed, and is described in, for example, JP-A-2002-101454.
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described technology, for example, when the incoming call notification restricted area is a concert venue, it is only the administrator of the concert venue that sets the restricted area, and the idea of setting the incoming call restricted area by the user himself is made. Not. For this reason, in an arbitrary area other than the concert venue, for example, a hospital or the like, there is a possibility that the user may forget to set the ringtone to be turned off and cause trouble to the surroundings.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to improve the usability regarding notification in a portable information processing device.
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problem, for example, as set forth in claim 1, a receiving unit for receiving information on a position, a setting unit for setting a predetermined area and a notification mode in the area, It is sufficient to have a control means for controlling to notify in the notification form set by the setting means when the information on the position is within the area set by the setting means.
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described. Here, a description is given of a mobile phone that enables setting of a notification mode such as a ringtone in a position range (hereinafter, a "notification control area") in which a notification set by a user himself is controlled. Hereinafter, the same reference numerals are used for the same components in the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of a hardware configuration of a mobile phone in the present embodiment. The system processor 101 implements each function unit described later and controls each device. The ROM 102 stores a control program of the system processor 101, and the RAM 103 stores data and the like necessary for executing the program of the system processor 101. The display unit 104 displays a result of executing the program and various setting screens. The input unit 105 inputs various requests from the user. The storage unit 106 stores ring tone data, personal information such as the phone number of an acquaintance, a program to be executed, data received from a server, and the like. The voice input / output unit 107 outputs various ring tones, call voices, and the like, and the location information acquisition unit 108 acquires the current location information of the terminal from a GPS satellite or a base station. The communication unit 109 performs communication with a server or a base station, and the vibration unit 110 causes the terminal to generate vibration in order to perform various notifications. Each component of the mobile phone is driven by the power supply 111.
The configuration diagram within the broken line portion in FIG. 1 shows the system processor 101 in more detail, and will be described below. The power control unit 201 controls ON / OFF of the power using the power supply 111 of the apparatus, the display control unit 202 controls the operation / inhibition of the output from the display unit 104, and the input control unit 203 controls the ON / OFF of the output from the input unit 105. An input operation / inhibition is controlled, an outgoing call control unit 204 controls an operation / inhibition of a call transmission from the communication unit 109, a call reception control unit 205 controls an operation / inhibition of a call reception from the communication unit 109, The mail arrival control unit 206 controls the operation / inhibition of mail arrival from the communication unit 109.
The folder control unit 207 classifies telephone numbers or mail addresses of acquaintances of the user into folders such as "company relations" (207-1) and "private" (207-2) according to an instruction from the input unit 105. Here, information such as acquaintances of the company is stored in the folder "company relations", and information such as private acquaintances is stored in the folder "private".
The vibration generation control unit 208 controls the vibration unit 110 that performs notification of incoming call by vibration (vibrator). The automatic response control unit 209 automatically notifies the caller that he cannot answer the call without notifying the incoming call. The ring tone selection control unit 210 sets whether to notify the incoming call with the sound selected from the storage unit 106.
The setting table 211 stores the notification form at the current location and the operation or suppression information of each function in the RAM 103 at the time of incoming call or mail, and the setting information database 212 associates each notification control area with the setting table. This is stored in the storage unit 106. The current location information acquisition unit 213 fetches current location information from a GPS satellite or a base station detected by the location information acquisition unit 108 when a call or mail arrives, and performs, for example, arithmetic processing for converting the current location into latitude / longitude information. . The operation setting control unit 214 compares and determines the latitude / longitude information obtained from the current location information acquisition unit 213 with the latitude / longitude range of the setting information stored in the setting information database 212, and stores the corresponding setting information in the setting table. 211 is stored. The database setting unit 215 operates to set the setting information database. For example, the database setting unit 215 outputs a setting screen or the like previously stored in the storage unit 106 to the display unit 104, or outputs the setting screen to the input unit 105. The change or addition of the setting information database is performed based on the signal input through.
Next, an example of the overall processing flow of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The latitude / longitude information of the current location acquired by the position information acquisition unit 108 and obtained by the arithmetic processing is stored in the current location information acquisition unit 213 of the storage unit 106 (S201). Then, the latitude / longitude information of the current location in the current location information acquisition unit 213 is taken into the operation setting control unit 214 (S202). The operation setting control unit 214 searches for where the latitude / longitude information of the current location is included in the notification control area stored in the setting information database 212 (S203). As a result of the search, when the latitude / longitude information of the current location is included in the notification control area stored in the setting information database 212, the setting information of the setting information database is set in the setting table 211 (S204). If there is no corresponding notification control area, reference setting information (reference setting information) stored in advance in the setting information database 212 is set in the setting table 211 (S205). Based on the control contents of the setting table 211, the system processor 101 controls each function and the notification form of the incoming call (S206).
Hereinafter, the user's own setting of the above-described setting information database will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. Here, the region indicating "company" has a latitude range of north latitude 36 degrees 31 minutes 56 seconds 106 to 36 degrees 32 minutes 40 seconds 198 and a longitude range 140 degrees 38 minutes 40 seconds 791 to 140 degrees 38 minutes 40 east longitude. The second is represented by 793 and latitude / longitude information, and it is assumed that the user knows this information in advance using the GPS function or the like of the mobile phone.
FIG. 3 shows an operation flow of creating the setting information database in the present embodiment, and FIG. 4 shows an example of a setting screen corresponding to the operation flow of FIG. First, the user issues an instruction to create setting information using the input unit 105 or the like (S301). When a setting information creation instruction signal is input to the database setting unit 215 by the input unit 105, the database setting unit 215 changes the setting screen stored in the storage unit 106 in advance, for example, to FIG. As described above, the name of the notification control area (S302), the position range of the notification control area (S303), the setting of each function operation such as the input function, the power supply function and the display function (S304), The setting screen of the incoming call notification is output to the display unit 104 on the display unit 104 (S305). Subsequently, in S306, it is possible to select either folder setting (S307) to be set for each folder or notification in the vibrating mode (S308) (FIG. 4 (5)). Is selected (FIG. 4 (6)), and when there is an incoming call from a person stored in the folder, an automatic notification is given to the effect that the caller cannot be answered without performing the incoming call notification. It is possible to select whether to set a response or which ring tone pattern to notify (S309, FIG. 4 (7)). The information set as described above is stored in the setting information database 212 of the storage unit 106 (S310, FIG. 4 (9)).
It is not always necessary to make settings in the order shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. For example, as shown in FIG. ), The notification control area may be finally set to "company". Thereby, the setting can be made from the place where the setting change or the like is desired, which is very convenient.
FIG. 5 is an example of the setting information database 212 set via the processing and setting screens as shown in FIGS. Hereinafter, the operation of the system processor 101 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. When the acquired position information of the terminal is within the notification control area "company" (upper table in FIG. 5B), as shown in FIG. A table for determining operation or suppression is set as the setting table 211.
The following describes how the system processor 101 controls each function and the incoming call notification mode based on the setting table 211.
If the input function is "ON", a control signal "1" is sent to the input control unit 203. When the input signal is recognized by the input control unit 203, the signal input by the input unit 105 is valid. The signal "0" is sent to the input control unit 203, and when the signal is recognized by the input control unit 203, processing is performed to invalidate the signal input by the input unit 105.
Here, automatic response control or ring tone can be selected for each of folder 1 "company relations" and folder 2 "private". First, when an incoming call is received, the folder control unit 207 determines to which of the folders classified by the folder control unit 207 the telephone number or the like of the called party belongs. If the automatic response control is "ON" in the corresponding folder, the automatic response control unit 209 notifies the caller that the caller cannot be answered by a message or the like stored in the storage unit 106 in advance by voice or text. In the case of "OFF", control is performed so as not to perform the automatic response as described above.
The alphabet in the ringtone column indicates one of a plurality of ringtone patterns stored in the storage unit 106. For example, when "A" is selected as the ringtone for a call by the The sound selection control unit 210 sets the alarm "A" (210-1) as the incoming call notification sound. When the communication unit 109 determines that there is an incoming call, the communication unit 109 notifies the ringtone selection control unit 210 of the fact. The notification sound A is controlled to sound. When the call tone column is "OFF", the ring tone selection control unit 210 is controlled not to notify the user with a ring tone even if there is an incoming call.
Further, the control for generating vibration and the control for each folder can be set independently for the incoming call or the incoming mail. Here, if the vibration generation control is "ON", when there is an incoming call or mail, the communication unit 109 notifies the vibration generation control unit 208 of the fact, and the notified vibration generation control The unit 208 generates a vibration (vibrator) instead of a ringtone.
By providing the setting table 211 as described above, the setting for each incoming call type such as incoming call or incoming mail can be made independently for each folder, and usability is improved.
In FIG. 5 (3), the form of the incoming call is stored as a ring tone "A" from the person stored in the folder 1 "company relation" 207-1 and stored in the folder 2 "private" 207-2. The ring tone is turned off by the caller, that is, the automatic response control unit 209 performs an automatic response without notifying the user. On the other hand, as for the form of the incoming mail, the person stored in the folder 1 "company relation" 207-1 is notified with a ring tone "B", and the person stored in the folder classification "private" 207-2 is Turn off the ringtone. Accordingly, for example, when a call arrives from a private acquaintance or the like in the "company" area set by the user, even if the user forgets to cancel the incoming call, the incoming call is not notified and "automatically" I'm at work right now and I'll call you back! ", So you don't have to bother others.
As described above, the user himself / herself can receive an incoming call notification and an input function in an arbitrary area such as a public facility (company, movie theater, museum, concert hall, hospital, etc.) where use of a mobile phone may be annoying. Since each function can be set by the user himself, it is possible to improve usability and contribute to manners.
In FIG. 3A, only the "input function" is handled as the operation function, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, each control unit (display control unit, power control unit) illustrated in FIG. , An incoming call control unit, etc.). Thereby, the operation / inhibition of various functions can be set in the notification control area set by the user, and usability is improved.
Further, the configuration is such that the vibration occurrence can be set independently of the folder 1 and the folder 2, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the presence or absence of the vibration ("ON", "OFF") is determined for each folder. It may be configured so that it can be set. This allows the user to make detailed settings, such as setting the presence or absence of occurrence of vibration for each folder, which is convenient.
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the above embodiment, the user previously knows the numbers related to the latitude and longitude of the notification control area, and the embodiment in which the number is directly input has been described.In this embodiment, the current position of the mobile phone is set as the center of the specified range. The case where the user specifies the ranges in the east-west direction and the north-south direction and sets the notification control area will be described.
FIG. 6 illustrates an operation flow of creating the setting information database according to the present embodiment. First, the user issues a setting information creation instruction using the input unit 105 or the like (S601). For example, the message shown in FIG. 6 (2) is displayed on the display unit 104, and a request is made to input the length of the control range (S602). The user inputs the lengths in the east-west direction and the north-south direction from the input unit 105 according to the message (S603). Next, in accordance with the operation of the input unit 105, the location information of the current location of the terminal is acquired from the location information acquisition unit 108, and converted into latitude / longitude information by the current location information acquisition unit 213 (S604). The database setting unit 215 determines the latitude / longitude information of the notification control area based on the latitude / longitude information of the current location input from the current location information acquisition unit 213 and the east-west and north-south ranges input from the input unit 105. Along with (S605), a setting table 211 is created based on the control content input from the input unit 105. The notification control area (latitude / longitude) created by the database setting unit 215 is associated with the setting table 211 and stored in the setting information database 212 (S606). FIG. 6C shows an example of the area in the case where the user specifies the length of the range as 10 m in the east and west and 15 m in the north and south in the present embodiment. Thus, even when the user does not know the values of the latitude and longitude of the notification control area in advance, the notification control area can be set using the current location information of the terminal acquired by the location information acquisition unit 108. , The labor of input can be omitted.
In this example, a method of inputting the distances in the east-west and north-south directions was considered, but the present invention is not limited to the east-west north-south directions and can be applied to any direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 (4), a method may be used in which a circle or an ellipse is used as a setting range with a radius equal to the distance from the current position input by the user to the boundary of the notification control area. Thus, this method is effective in specifying an approximate range when the boundary of the notification control area is ambiguous.
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the user sets the range connecting the vertices with the current position of the mobile communication terminal as the top of the search range. FIG. 7 illustrates an operation flow of creating the setting information database according to the present embodiment. The flow of information from input of position information and control information based on the operation flow of FIG. 7 to storage in the setting information database 212 of the storage unit 106 is the same as that in FIG.
First, the user issues a setting information creation instruction (S701). For example, as shown in FIG. 7 (2), a message or the like requesting movement to the top of the set range shown on the display unit 104 is displayed (S702). In accordance with the message, the user moves to, for example, a point A in FIG. 7 (3) and instructs a vertex of a setting range of the traffic control area (S703). Next, the location information acquisition device 108 acquires the location information of the current location of the portable terminal and the location information at the point A, and the location information acquisition unit 213 converts the information into latitude / longitude information (S704). It is determined whether it is necessary to further increase the number of vertices in order to determine the control range (S705). When the number of vertices is determined, the database setting unit 215 determines the latitude / longitude information of the setting range in each vertex as the notification control area, and sets the setting table 211 based on the control content input from the input unit 105. Is created and stored in the setting information database 212 of the storage unit 106 (S706).
As described above, even when the user does not know the values of the latitude and longitude of the notification control area in advance, the position information of the current location of the terminal acquired by the position information acquisition unit 108 and the top of the notification control area designated by the user are more effective. Since the notification control area can be easily set, usability is improved.
In the present embodiment, a method of inputting a rectangular range from information on two vertices is described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the number of vertices may be increased, or a rectangular range such as an ellipse may be set. Any range can be set. As a result, the range of a complicated shape can be specified, and further improvement in usability can be expected.
Further, in the present embodiment, the case where the notification control area is set using the position information of the current location has been described. However, it is also possible to specify an arbitrary area vertex without using the location information of the current location. Needless to say.
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the user sets a notification control area by inputting address data. FIG. 8 shows an operation flow of creating the setting information database according to the present embodiment. In this embodiment, the conversion server 216 existing on the network is used to convert the address into the point information. Regarding the conversion server 216, a server that calculates latitude and longitude from an address is currently in practical use.
First, when the user issues a setting information creation instruction, a creation instruction signal is output to the database setting unit 215 (S801). The database setting unit 215 that has input the creation instruction signal displays a message requesting the address of the designated point on the display unit 104, for example, as shown in FIG. 8B (S802). The user inputs the address of the point to be set according to the message (S803). The address data input by the user is transmitted to the conversion server 216 via the communication unit 109, and a request for conversion to latitude / longitude information is made. (S804). The address latitude / longitude range information transmitted from the conversion server 216 is received via the communication unit 109 (S805). The database setting unit 215 determines the setting range of the notification control area based on the latitude / longitude information, creates a setting table based on the control content input from the input unit 105, and stores the setting table in the setting information database 212 of the storage unit 106. It is stored (S806). As described above, by inputting an arbitrary address, the notification control area can be set irrespective of the current position information, so that the usability is good.
In the present embodiment, a method is described in which the setting is searched from the setting information database 212 using the latitude and longitude information received from the dedicated satellite as a key. However, even when the position detection method is information from the base station, this method is used. Is equally applicable. As a result, the present embodiment can be applied to a terminal that does not have a special device for acquiring position information, such as a GPS receiver.
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, an example will be described in which the current position information is not automatically acquired, but is instructed by a user operation. The configuration of the mobile phone described in this example is a configuration in which the position information acquisition device 108 is deleted from FIG. 1, and the setting information database 212 includes setting range start point / end point information in the configuration of the setting information database 212 shown in FIG. Instead, the identifier for classifying the current location is stored.
The user creates an identifier for classifying the current location such as "company" or "home" in advance, and creates a setting information database 212 that controls the operation / inhibition of each function for the identifier using the database setting unit 215. . Then, when the user arrives at the company and inputs "company" via the input unit 105, the current location information acquisition unit 213 uses the input identifier "company" as the current location information to perform operation control. Notify the means 214. The operation control means 214 having received the notification searches the setting information database 212 for the identifier "company" and sets the matching setting information as the setting table 211.
This allows the user to intuitively change the setting according to the usage pattern of the user by inputting the current location by operating the input unit 105, which is very effective compared to the conventional method. Furthermore, since a position acquisition unit is not required, the size and cost of portable communication terminals can be expected to be reduced.
In the above-described embodiment, it is assumed that the notification mode is switched when there is an incoming call in the notification control area. However, it is notified that the user is in the notification control area, and the notification mode is switched. No problem. For example, when the notification control area set by the user is "hospital", the system processor 101 refers to a predetermined setting information database 212 and outputs a voice such as "This is a hospital. Please switch to the manner mode." Alternatively, if control is performed so as to perform notification by display, the user can more reliably switch the notification mode in the notification control area, and can prevent inconvenience to the surroundings in advance.
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the usability regarding the notification in the portable information processing device.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration block diagram of a portable communication terminal of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an overall processing diagram. FIG. 3 is a setting processing diagram of a setting information database of a first embodiment. FIG. Example of setting screen [FIG. 5] Example of configuration of setting information database [FIG. 6] Setting processing diagram of setting information database of second embodiment [FIG. 7] Setting processing diagram of setting information database of third embodiment [FIG. A setting process diagram of a setting information database according to the fourth embodiment.
101: System processor 102: RAM
103: ROM
104: Transmission control unit 105: Input unit 106: Storage unit 107: Voice input / output unit 108: Position information acquisition unit 109: Communication unit 110: Vibration unit 111: Power supply 201: Power supply control unit 202: Display control unit 203: Input control Unit 204: transmission control unit 205: reception control unit 206: mail reception control unit 207: folder control unit 208: vibration generation control unit 209: automatic response control unit 210: ringtone selection control unit 211: setting table 212: setting information database 213: current location information acquisition unit 214: operation control unit 215: database setting unit 216: conversion server
Receiving means for receiving information about the position;
Setting means for setting a predetermined area and a notification form in the area,
Control means for controlling so as to notify in a notification form set by the setting means when the information on the position received by the receiving means is within the area set by the setting means. Portable information processing device.
The portable information processing device according to claim 1,
A portable information processing apparatus, wherein an area for controlling the notification set by the setting means is set by latitude and longitude position information.
The portable information processing terminal according to claim 1, wherein said setting means uses the position information received by said receiving means when setting an area for controlling said notification.
The portable information processing terminal according to claim 1,
The portable information processing apparatus, wherein the setting unit sets an area for controlling the notification based on information about an address.
The setting unit transmits information on the address to an external server, receives the converted latitude and longitude information from the external server, and sets an area for controlling the notification based on the latitude and longitude information. Characteristic portable information processing device.
The portable information processing apparatus, wherein the notification mode set by the setting means can be set for each incoming call or mail, or for each folder.
Receiving means for receiving location information;
Setting means for setting a predetermined area;
First and second notification means;
When the position information received by the receiving means is within the area set by the setting means, control is performed such that the first notification means is used, and when the position information is out of the area, the second notification means is used. A portable information processing apparatus comprising a control unit.
A portable information processing apparatus, comprising: a control unit that controls to perform a predetermined notification when the position information received by the receiving unit is within the area set by the setting unit.
JP2002216014A 2002-07-25 2002-07-25 Portable type information processor Pending JP2004064167A (en)
JP2002216014A JP2004064167A (en) 2002-07-25 2002-07-25 Portable type information processor
JP2002216014A Pending JP2004064167A (en) 2002-07-25 2002-07-25 Portable type information processor
JP2006238173A (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-09-07 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Cellular phone
JP2011504017A (en) 2007-11-07 2011-01-27 クゥアルコム・インコーポレイテッドQualcomm Incorporated Wireless device with configurable mode
JP4563839B2 (en) * 2005-02-25 2010-10-13 京セラ株式会社 Mobile phone
JP2012239199A (en) * 2007-11-07 2012-12-06 Qualcomm Inc Wireless device having configurable modes
US8472916B2 (en) 2013-06-25 Preformatted emergency text message
US7519042B2 (en) 2009-04-14 Apparatus and method for mixed-media call formatting
EP1502421B1 (en) 2018-01-03 A method of remotely changing operating characteristics of a communications device
JP3791249B2 (en) 2006-06-28 Mobile device
US7630724B2 (en) 2009-12-08 Method of providing a cellular phone/PDA communication system
DE60214062T2 (en) 2007-07-26 User marking of locations of a mobile phone
JP3853572B2 (en) 2006-12-06 Mobile communication terminal device and incoming call identification method used therefor
US6400941B1 (en) 2002-06-04 Mobile information device capable of obtaining user information relating to local area
EP2080395B1 (en) 2011-03-02 Tracking a group of mobile terminals
KR960012483B1 (en) 1996-09-20 Method and apparatus for providing telepoint to telepoint calling between pager equipped handsets
US6907256B2 (en) 2005-06-14 Mobile terminal with an automatic translation function
EP1246494A2 (en) 2002-10-02 Emergency call in a telecommunications network
US20020198004A1 (en) 2002-12-26 Method and apparatus for adjusting functions of an electronic device based on location
JP2008546266A (en) 2008-12-18 Location-based presence and profile selection in wireless communication devices
JP2011248894A (en) 2011-12-08 Handheld object selection apparatus
DE112011103728T5 (en) 2013-09-26 Automatic profile change on a mobile computing device
US6192251B1 (en) 2001-02-20 Communication system having a notification function with respect to a predetermined state of each communication terminal thereof
EP1800498B1 (en) 2014-05-07 Cellular phone/pda communication system
CN1098603C (en) 2003-01-08 System and method for integration of a paging server into a private branch exchange environment
US7343178B2 (en) 2008-03-11 Mobile terminal, display switching method of mobile terminal, and recording medium for recording display switching program
US7689202B2 (en) 2010-03-30 System and method for providing personal and emergency service hailing in wireless network
US20020193150A1 (en) 2002-12-19 System and method for providing location-based responses
US20080132243A1 (en) 2008-06-05 Device and method for providing location information on a portable mobile communications device
JP3608740B2 (en) 2005-01-12 Information processing system, terminal device, information processing method, information processing program, and computer-readable recording medium recording the information processing program
US20060142027A1 (en) 2006-06-29 Methods, apparatus and computer program product providing enhanced location-based services for mobile users


text:
U.S. Ninth Circuit/
CA's Central Valley Drainage Problem Gets No Help from 9th Cir.
By William Peacock, Esq. on April 08, 2013 | Last updated on March 21, 2019
In the 1960s, some brilliant individual decided that, with all of the Central Valley desert being, well, deserted, it would be a desirable idea to drench the place in water and start growing crops. Congress paid for irrigation contingent on either California paying for drainage, or the water being dumped in the Contra Costa delta.
Original plans to dump the toxic drainage in the S.F. Bay and the delta were thwarted because, well, it's freaking San Francisco. Could you choose a less optimal place to kill mother nature?
After that flop, a temporary drainage solution was put into place until they discovered that, well, toxic water is toxic and halted drainage to the Kesterson Reservoir in 1986.
Of course, they continued to pump irrigation water in. They just didn't drain it out. It ended up ruining a lot of land - including the Firebaugh Canal Water District. In 2000, their case reached the Ninth Circuit, which held that the 1960s law required drainage, yet the Department of the Interior had the discretion to pursue alternative options to drain the water.
Thirteen years later, they're still floatin' on toxic water in Firebaugh and they're still in court, as nothing has happened.
If you're thinking budget crisis, you get a cookie. The drainage project is tabbed at $2.69 billion. Existing legislation caps the Interior's spending at $429 million and the water districts themselves can't make up the difference. Instead, they've spend about $5 million on a demo plant and a self-sufficient drainage system that covers part of another district.
In it's return to the Ninth Circuit (which is far less exciting than a Return to the 36 Chambers), Firebaugh is essentially arguing the timeless dirty words of "arbitrary and capricious" action. The court can give 'em the old § 706(1) nudge if the SUWA test is met. SUWA provides that a court can hold force action when an agency fails to take a discrete action that it is required to take.
Well, they haven't done much. Thirty years after they plugged the drain, with little to no action other than "evaluation" and "planning" occurring in the meantime, Firebaugh is still swimming in used irrigation water. That, per the Ninth Circuit, is not an abuse of discretion:
There is, to be sure, some point at which Interior's actions could become so sluggish that we could rightly say that the agency has entirely abandoned its legal duty to provide drainage within the San Luis Unit. The record before us does not now support that conclusion.
It's a tough call, isn't it? On the one hand, it's been twenty-seven years since they plugged the drain (months short of my entire life, in fact). On the other hand, budget crisis, fiscal cliffs, and sequestration.
Firebaugh Canal Water Dist. v. United States (Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Central Valley irrigators rebuffed by appellate court (Central Valley Business Times)
Judge Kozinski Benchslaps Sea Pirate Hippies, Federal Judge (FindLaw's Ninth Circuit Blog)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
CIA documents reveal details about wrongfully renditioned German - Daily News Egypt
World CIA documents reveal details about wrongfully renditioned German
CIA documents reveal details about wrongfully renditioned German
New documents released by the CIA have revealed details about the detention of Khalid al-Masri, a German-Lebanese man mistaken for an al Qaeda member in 2003. He is yet to be given compensation or an apology from the US.
Deutsche Welle July 11, 2016 Be the first to comment
New documents released by the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) have revealed the Kafkaesque details of one of the most notorious cases of mistaken identity in the CIA's extraordinary rendition program during the hunt for al Qaeda.
Khalid al-Masri, a German-Lebanese man living at the time in the southern German town of Neu-Ulm, was arrested on the border between Serbia and the FYR of Macedonia on December 31, 2003, only because – as was confirmed by the US Senate in 2014 – he shared a name with an al Qaeda suspect.
Macedonian authorities held him in a hotel in Skopje for three weeks before he was handed over to CIA agents, who then flew him to a secret prison in Kabul, Afghanistan, in late January 2004.
The newly released report, signed off by CIA Inspector General John Helgerson in 2007, shows that he spent four months there being interrogated, humiliated and mistreated, before he was eventually released in Albania in May 2004 and "clandestinely returned to Germany," as the report put it. Though the German government was informed then of his detention, according to a "Washington Post" report, the US asked it not to disclose any of the details.
'Missteps and failures'
The report also noted that the US agents did not question the Macedonian agents' claim that al-Masri's passport was fake until he had already spent three months in detention.
"The al-Masri operation was characterized by a number of missteps from the beginning that were compounded by subsequent failures of legal and management oversight," the report said. "CIA did not have al-Masri's passport examined by Agency experts until early March 2004, when it was found to be genuine."
Moreover, the report found that "after quickly concluding that he was not a terrorist," agents decided to detain him on the grounds that "they knew that he was 'bad'."
Kafkaesque detention
Though Helgerson concluded that he was not physically abused during his detention, al-Masri himself has claimed since that he was shackled, beaten, injected with drugs, force-fed and sodomized – a claim that the European Court of Human Rights agreed with in a ruling in 2012.
Even if the CIA's version is true, the agency's own psychologists' reports on al-Masri show the degree of distress he went through. Al-Masri was kept for two months even after the CIA had concluded there was no justification for keeping him detained, a period during which a CIA psychologist found he was "desperate and depressed and prone to thoughts of suicide."
In May 2004, a cable was sent to CIA headquarters to try and ascertain a release date. "The cable cited that al-Masri compared his situation to a Kafka novel – he could not possibly prove his innocence because he did not know what he was being charged with," the report said. "The cable reported al-Masri as saying he had nearly reached the end of what he could bear and that, as of [redacted] May 2004, he would begin a total hunger strike to his death."
Compensation or apology?
After his release, al-Masri filed lawsuits for compensation in the US, Macedonia and Germany at a variety of levels.
His case was also taken up by the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR), which filed a lawsuit in Germany to try and have the 13 CIA agents involved in al-Masri's rendition and detention deported – which the German government turned down. Nevertheless, in 2007, a Munich court did issue arrest warrants for the unknown US agents involved, on charges of kidnapping. A case was also pursued in Spain.
The European Court of Human Rights verdict in 2012 was another success, ruling that Macedonia had been "responsible for his torture and ill-treatment," and ordering the Macedonian government to pay him 60,000 euros ($78,300) in damages.
Al-Masri's lawyer Darian Pavli welcomed the decision as a "signal to all countries who are planning to collaborate with the US that these practices cannot be justified and that their governments and individuals will be held responsible."
Germany's response has been more cagey. In December 2014, the ECCHR wrote a letter to the German Justice Ministry, calling on Justice Minister Heiko Maas to work toward getting compensation for al-Masri. There has been no response as yet (the ministry did not respond to a DW request for comment on Thursday) even though Maas has in the past condemned the CIA rendition program.
"Minister Maas has recently sharply criticized the CIA's practice of torture, and called for judicial consequences – rightly," ECCHR General Secretary Wolfgang Kaleck commented at the time. "Now the minister must make actions follow his words."
German collusion
Al-Masri's case, and the official silence that continues to surround it, underlines the cooperation of European governments with the CIA on its rendition program.
"Up till now, no victim of the CIA's rendition and torture program has received compensation – the probability that there will ever be compensation payments is very small," said Maja Liebing, rendition expert at Amnesty International Germany.
"Apart from the US, of course the European countries also have a lot of responsibility," she told DW. "We know that Germany gave the US overflight rights, and that abductions over German territory happened."
Not only that: various departments of the German government have refused to engage with parliamentary inquiries into involvement with the rendition program.
"Sometimes they didn't produce the documents requested, or they hindered the investigation attempts by the inquiry," she said. "All the information was simply categorized as secret and redacted. Up till now there hasn't been any real investigation into Germany's collusion in the rendition program."
Apart from the human rights abuses, the CIA's report – which was released because of a lawsuit filed by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) – also appears to raise questions about the competence of the US intelligence agencies during their search for al Qaeda.
As the CIA inspector general put it: "His rendition and detention resulted from a series of breakdowns in tradecraft, process, management and oversight."
Topics: Al-Qaeda CIA German intelligence Macedonia Serbia
Source: DW Global
http://www.dw.com/en/cia-documents-reveal-details-about-wrongfully-renditioned-german/a-19386515?maca=en-rss_en_DailyNewsEgypt-14679-xml-mrss
More in Deutsche Welle
Kenya reshuffles cabinet to boost service delivery
UN says over 5 mln people in Somalia need assistance in 2020
U.S. House to vote to send Trump impeachment articles to Senate
Iran arrests suspects in Ukrainian airliner downing, Rouhani promises to investigate thoroughly
AU chairperson welcomes ceasefire agreement in Libya
Zambian president says it is unacceptable for outsiders to dictate Africa's governance
Brazil's Neymar accused of rape in Paris — report
Opinion: Jürgen Klopp's holistic approach the real winner
Champions League: Jürgen Klopp shows substance over style to break trophy drought
John Bolton says Iran is 'almost certainly' behind oil tanker 'attacks'
Boris Johnson to face court on Brexit campaign comments
Africa's road to free trade
https://cdn2.dailynewsegypt.com/2016/07/11/cia-documents-reveal-details-about-wrongfully-renditioned-german/
Army announces rescue of 6 abducted Egyptians in Libya
SME financing ramps up in Egypt
Police general, conscript killed in North Sinai explosion
Deadline extended to reserve units at Beit Al-Watan, Rehab, Madinaty projects
July 11, 2016 Breaking News


Amazon is a customer-obsessed company and captions help ensure a consistent viewing experience for all customers, including those who might be hearing-impaired, are non-native English speakers, or prefer to view videos without sound. Caption files are an investment in the quality of your content and once created are yours to keep and use on any video platform.
Prime Video accepts a variety of caption formats. Please review this information to help you create acceptable captions files.
We recommend that you submit pop-on captions (captions that appear one to three lines at a time). If you provide roll-up captions, we must convert them to pop-on, which adds opportunity for error.
All captions files must conform to match the video source.
All dialog in video files requires captions in the native language of the content. English captions are required for all titles published in the United States. For example, in a movie listed as available in the United States, all dialog in English or in any other languages spoken in the movie must have corresponding English language captions.
If the video source being delivered doesn't contain localized audio, then text for both forced narrative and dialogue events must be burned-in to the video. For example, a Japanese feature film delivered for distribution in the UK.
Forced Narratives are subtitles that translate spoken dialogue or text that isn't in the primary language of the video, and therefore need translation and shown to all viewers whether captions are turn on or off. An example would be a movie where French sailors speak French. English is the primary language of the movie, but these characters speak in French, requiring Forced Narrative text onscreen translating the French dialogue for all viewers.
All timed text assets must start with zero-hour time code (i.e. 00:00:00). Assets that don't adhere to this won't display at the correct time. For example, files that have a one-hour offset will not display text until one hour into the video's run time.
Prime Video only accepts captions files that are UTF-8 character encoded. When working with a 3rd party captions provider, please ensure that captions output file is UTF-8 encoded. We provide a collection of sample files for various caption file formats.
If you have both captions and subtitles available for a title, we prefer to receive Closed Captions/SDH to improve the viewing experience for customers who are deaf or hard of hearing.
Titles published in the United States must have English captions.
Titles published in the United Kingdom must have English captions or audio.
Titles published in Germany must have German captions or audio.
Captions are currently unsupported for Japanese. However, titles published in Japan without Japanese audio must have burned-in Japanese subtitles and Japanese metadata.
If you're manually creating caption files without captions software, we highly recommend you download our sample files. You must edit your captions file in an editor that can create plain text files in a UTF-8 encoding. UTF-8 ensures that customer devices will not display unrecognized text characters as random, unreadable symbols.
Note: Your captions files must be "plain text," but the default .txt file extension isn't supported. See the Closed Captions section for supported closed captions formats and file extensions.
When you save the file, you must change the Encoding on the Save As dialog box from ANSI to UTF-8.
Extra steps are required to save a plain text file that is UTF-8 compliant. The following steps are for the Windows version of Word. Releases of Word differ slightly, but these steps should provide general guidance to help you regardless of the version of Word you're using.
Go to File > Options > Advanced.
Scroll down to the General section, and then select the Confirm file format conversion on open check box.
Return to your Word document, and then go to File > Save As.
Change the File type from Word Document (*.docx) to Plain Text (.txt).
Select the location to save your file and enter the file name ending with a period and the supported file name extension (for example, .srt).
Click Save. The File Conversion dialog box appears.
Change the Text encoding to Other encoding and then in the list select Unicode (UTF-8).
Launch TextEdit and go to TextEdit > Preferences.
On the Open and Save tab select the Add .txt extension to plain text files check box and change the Saving files encoding to UTF-8.
When you save your document, the save dialog box will show the option If no extension is provided, use .txt. Make sure the check box is selected.
You must rename the file extension to correspond with the captions format you're using (for example, .srt).
English captions are required for all titles published in the United States.
All timecodes contained in a closed captions file must appear in linear (sequential) order.
To understand formatting requirements of caption files, download this collection of sample files.
iTT (iTunes Timed Text) files with a .iTT file extension. iTT is a subset of TTML, version 1.0.
If a title contains no dialogue or has extended scenes with no spoken content, captions should include a description of the foreground or background audio elements. Extended silent scenes should be captioned with [no audio]. For background music, if the music is instrumental (no lyrics), use descriptive words [in brackets] to accurately convey the mood and tempo of music. If music contains lyrics, caption the lyrics verbatim. The lyrics should be introduced with the name of the artist and the title in brackets. In the event that lyrics are unclear or in another language, use a descriptive caption to indicate that to the viewer.
Creating closed captions files is a technical process that might be challenging for some content providers. We recommend engaging a 3rd party service to assist in the creation of high-quality captions files. The following is a sampling of providers that can assist you with video captions. Amazon isn't affiliated with, nor endorses any specific provider.


text:
« On Plato's Republic, 5
Nature »
On Plato's Republic, 6
Index to this series
Book V of Plato's Republic features three of what Socrates calls waves or breakers:
That women serve alongside men as guardians.
That women be bred with men like animals and not know their children.
That philosophers rule as kings, or kings become philosophers.
Such outlandish injunctions will have Socrates swept away, though he does not say by whom or what.
Our sixth scheduled reading covers the first two of the three waves, in Stephanus pages 449a–71e. Socrates is induced to spell out details adumbrated in the last reading, Book IV, concerning the sharing of women and children among the guardians.
Wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice
Profesörler Sitesi, Altınova, Balıkesir, Turkey
Midwifery. A wave in Greek is also a fetus, and Socrates uses related words in the Theaetetus to discuss his calling as a midwife.
Contradictions. Socrates says in the Theaetetus that only the infertile can be midwives, who in turn do the best matchmaking, although now in the Republic he will now effectively assign matchmaking to Glaucon. This is one of several examples of Socratic weaselliness.
Etymology of ΚΥΜΑ. "Cyma," "cyme," "church," "cave," "accumulate," and enceinte all happen to be cognate.
Where We Are. As we begin the current reading, Socrates gets sidetracked from discussing the kinds of badness in the city and the soul.
A New Start (449a–51b). Polemarchus et al. make Socrates talk about sex instead.
Freedom and Truth. An excursus on Socrates and Malcolm X, journalism and written words.
First Wave (451b–7c)
Second Wave (457c–71e)
A wave or breaker here is κῦμα, which also means a sprout or a fetus and is a verbal noun from κυέω, which means to become or be pregnant. As Bloom points out, Socrates uses such words in the Theaetetus. He says near the beginning (148e),
Yes, you are suffering the pangs of labour, Theaetetus, because you are not empty, but pregnant. // Ὠδίνεις γάρ, ὦ φίλε Θεαίτητε, διὰ τὸ μὴ κενὸς ἀλλ᾽ ἐγκύμων εἶναι.
Presently he says he is "the son of a noble and burly midwife, Phaenarete." He practices the same art, though he wants Theaetetus to keep this a secret. By decree of Artemis, midwives are women who are not barren, but are just too old to bear children; moreover (149d),
they are the most skilful of matchmakers, since they are very wise in knowing what union of men and women will produce the best possible children.
That's important for us now, since in the present reading of the Republic, the rulers of the city in speech are going to be matchmaking in this way. Socrates continues (150a–b),
women do not, like my patients, bring forth at one time real children and at another mere images which it is difficult to distinguish from the real … [my midwifery] differs from theirs in being practised upon men, not women, and in tending their souls in labor, not their bodies. But the greatest thing about my art is this, that it can test in every way whether the mind of the young man is bringing forth a mere image, an imposture, or a real and genuine offspring. For I have this in common with the midwives: I am sterile in point of wisdom.
Bloom mistakenly locates such assertions at the end of the dialogue, where however κυέω is indeed used again, and there is a denial that a successful birth has occurred this time. I have complained elsewhere that some of my fellow logicians ignore this denial while trying to extract a doctrine of knowledge from the dialogue. Here is the passage (210a–b):
So neither perception, Theaetetus, nor true opinion, nor reason or explanation combined with true opinion could be knowledge. // οὔτε ἄρα αἴσθησις, ὦ Θεαίτητε, οὔτε δόξα ἀληθὴς οὔτε μετ᾽ ἀληθοῦς δόξης λόγος προσγιγνόμενος ἐπιστήμη ἂν εἴη.
Theaetetus
Apparently not. // οὐκ ἔοικεν.
Are we then, my friend, still pregnant and in travail with knowledge, or have we brought forth everything? // ἦ οὖν ἔτι κυοῦμέν τι καὶ ὠδίνομεν, ὦ φίλε, περὶ ἐπιστήμης, ἢ πάντα ἐκτετόκαμεν;
Yes, we have, and, by Zeus, Socrates, with your help I have already said more than there was in me. // καὶ ναὶ μὰ Δί᾽ ἔγωγε πλείω ἢ ὅσα εἶχον ἐν ἐμαυτῷ διὰ σὲ εἴρηκα.
Then does our art of midwifery declare to us that all the offspring that have been born are mere wind-eggs and not worth rearing? // οὐκοῦν ταῦτα μὲν πάντα ἡ μαιευτικὴ ἡμῖν τέχνη ἀνεμιαῖά φησι γεγενῆσθαι καὶ οὐκ ἄξια τροφῆς;
Let all of this from the Theaetetus stand in juxtaposition with the Republic, especially Book V, as another example of how Socrates says conflicting things, as if in violation of the Law of Contradiction stated in Book IV.
We have already noted how, in Book III, Socrates says the same artist cannot write both comedy and tragedy well, and flutes are to be banned from the city, although in the Symposium he himself is called a flute-player and says the true artist in tragedy is that in comedy too.
Within the Republic itself, as discussed below, in contradiction to the findings of Book IV, that justice is minding your own business and is always to be preferred, comedians are told in Book V not to mind their own business.
I suspect Socrates of implying that Glaucon is not a true friend if he does not try to, or even cannot, find the errors in what Socrates says.
In "Politics" I mentioned Collingwood's basic observation from An Autobiography: "No two propositions, I saw, can contradict one another unless they are answers to the same question."
Etymology of ΚΥΜΑ
The following etymology of κῦμα may not be relevant, but I found it out, so here it is. The word is used in English as
"cyma" for a moulding with double curvature;
"cyme" (one syllable) for the main kind of determinate inflorescence – determinate in the sense of having a terminal flower, the main kind of indeterminate inflorescence being a raceme.
What is common to the several meanings of κῦμα is being a kind of swelling. The source verb κυέω is in turn cognate with κύριος, which means a lord, apparently because he is swollen with power; the Greek word comes into English via West Germanic as "church." The same Indo-European root yields, via Latin, the English words "cave" and "accumulate," as well as, perhaps, the French word enceinte, used in English for being with child. There is speculation that κυέω is cognate with the noun κύαρ, meaning the eye of a needle or the orifice of the ear; the common sense would be of being curved.
In the last reading, the first of what I called highlights of the reading is that "the regime, once well started, will roll on like a circle in its growth" (424a). Socrates has just said (423c) that the guardians must enforce two principles:
The city shall not be too little or big.
Children born in the wrong class shall be moved to the right one.
Adeimantus calls the first "perhaps a slight task," the second "a lesser task than the other." He seems ironic, especially since he complained, at the beginning of Book IV, that the life of a guardian did not sound too happy. Nonetheless, Socrates takes Adeimantus's words at face value (423d–4a):
"Yet, my good Adeimantus," I said, "these are not, as one might think, many great commands we are imposing on them, but they are all slight if, as the saying goes, they guard the one great – or, rather than great, sufficient – thing."
"What's that?" he said.
"Their education and rearing," I said. "If by being well educated they become sensible men, they'll easily see to all this and everything else we are now leaving out – that the possession of women, marriage, and procreation of children must as far as possible be arranged according to the proverb that friends have all things in common."
"Yes," he said, "that would be the most correct way."
Going on to complete, with Adeimantus, the construction of the city in speech, Socrates then invites him to find justice and injustice in it, with the help of "your brother [Glaucon], Polemarchus, and the others" (427d). Glaucon insists that Socrates lead the way. He does, all the way back to the individual, who Glaucon agrees is better off being just, no matter what (445a).
Next up is to analyze the negation of justice, or of virtue. Among the infinitely many forms of vice, four can be singled out. Since the types (τρόποι) of souls probably correspond to the types of regimes, there are now five of each to consider. We have considered the best regime, be it a monarchy or aristocracy, depending on whether the ruling class be one or several. That is how Book IV ends.
A New Start (449a–51b)
At the beginning of Book V, Socrates is just about to name four forms of badness, whether of cities or souls. It sounds interesting, but before he can do it, Polemarchus prompts Adeimantus to interrupt and tell Socrates to spell out how women and children are going to be shared in common. Thus Polemarchus takes charge of Socrates, as he did on the road to Athens, at the beginning of Book I. This time, Thrasymachus joins in, with his only speech outside of Book I, as I mentioned then.
The fellows don't want to hear about the four ways of being bad. They don't want to get to work on their own souls. They want to hear about an aspect of the imaginary city that has no obvious correlate in the individual soul: the distinction between the sexes.
One might think the boys were obsessed with the act of sex, or with seeing girls naked. However, Glaucon seems not to be, when he spells out the demand in detail. He is less concerned with acts of conception than with the children conceived (450b–c):
For intelligent men, Socrates, the proper measure of listening to such arguments is a whole life. Never mind about us. And as for you, don't weary in going through your opinion about the things we ask: what the community of children and women will be among our guardians, and their rearing when they are still young, in the time between birth and education, which seems to be the most trying. Attempt to say what the manner of it must be.
Socrates's concerns for the community of women and children are:
Is it possible?
If so, is it for the best?
He worries about getting things wrong and misleading his friends. It would be less bad to commit involuntary manslaughter. Glaucon reassures him that he shall be released of any guilt.
Meanwhile, Socrates has said it would also be better to mislead enemies than friends (451a). Could this be because his enemies would be motivated to point out his errors? From the discussion with Polemarchus in Book I, we may remember that we do not always know who our real friends are.
Socrates will presently (452c) admonish people not to mind their own business, when that business is comedy:
we must make our way to the rough part of the law, begging these men, not to mind their own business, but to be serious; and reminding them that it is not so long ago that it seemed shameful and ridiculous to the Greeks – as it does now to the many among the barbarians – to see men naked; and that when the Cretans originated the gymnasiums, and then the Lacedaemonians, it was possible for the urbane of the time to make a comedy of all that.
We may remember (and if we do not, Bloom's note reminds us) that minding one's own business is the very definition of justice found in Book IV.
Freedom and Truth
Is Socrates playing games with us? He does warn us in the Phaedrus (277e–8b),
the man who thinks that in the written word there is necessarily much that is playful, and that no written discourse, whether in meter or in prose, deserves to be treated very seriously … that man, Phaedrus, is likely to be such as you and I might pray that we ourselves may become.
On the other hand, the remark about comedians by Socrates is like the one about coffee by Malcolm X, who said it was "the only thing I like integrated." Each man is making a startling exception to a general rule that, properly understood, is of great importance.
Alex Haley includes the quotation about coffee in the Epilogue to The Autobiography of Malcolm X. Haley goes on to describe getting permission to write the "as told to" autobiography from the subject himself. Malcolm insisted,
Nothing can be in this book's manuscript that I didn't say, and nothing can be left out that I want in it.
This was apparently in 1963; "months later," says Haley,
in a time of strain between us, I asked for – and he gave – his permission that at the end of the book I could write comments of my own about him which would not be subject to his review.
Given Socrates's own questioning of the value of the written word, I note that, in 1976, Haley published Roots: The Saga of an American Family, which was made into the television miniseries that I somehow watched at least some of.
What I remember is how a black girl named Kizzy is friends with a white girl, who even gives her the forbidden knowledge of reading, until the white girl's father (acted by the same man who played the father of The Brady Bunch) sells Kizzy away. Decades later, a white woman in a carriage tells a black woman to bring her some water. The black woman is Kizzy, who recognizes the white woman as her former friend; but the white woman denies any memory of a black girl named Kizzy. That girl, now grown, spits in the cup of water that she hands to her betrayer, who drinks.
Those are the scenes that I remember, and they are worthy of a poet like Homer. It seems Roots is as historically accurate than the Iliad. According to an article of January, 1981, that quotes Robert D. McFadden from the New York Times,
[Haley] has consistently "noted that his narrative had been fleshed out with dialogue and that some descriptions were obviously fictionalized," but that to "the best of my knowledge and of my effort, every lineage statement within 'Roots' is from either my African or American families' carefully preserved oral history, much of which I have been able conventionally to corroborate with documents." Yet again, in a Reader's Digest article bearing his byline, Haley stated: "I began following the story's trail. In plantation records, wills, census records, I documented bits here, shreds there … By 1967, I felt I had the seven generations of the U.S. side documented."
"[To] the best of my knowledge and of my effort … I felt I had … documented" – these words sound like an acknowledgment of scholarly or journalistic failure. My source (learned of from Wikipedia) is "Roots and the New 'Faction': A Legitimate Tool for Clio?" (The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 89, No. 1), in which Gary B. and Elizabeth Shown Mills go on to document Haley's failure:
In truth, those same plantation records, wills, and censuses cited by Mr. Haley not only fail to document his story, but they contradict each and every pre-Civil War statement of Afro-American lineage in Roots!
This statement is not made lightly, nor is it meant as a personal indictment, only as a professional critique. Historical evidence indicates that Mr. Haley has been heir to the same frustrations faced by untold numbers of other amateur genealogists who seek to document family traditions and legends, and he has fallen victim to the same psychological hangup that has entrapped many others: a reluctance to accept any truths that deviate from the cherished family legend.
How profound are the truths being talked about here? In "Remembering it wrong, and how to get it right: A lesson from Jim Dwyer, one of the greats of journalism" (October 1, 2021), Lauren Wolfe recalls getting a good story about a man in the south tower of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, a few floors above where the airplane had struck. Before he died, Shimmy Biegeleisen recited a psalm over the phone with his wife – at least, that's what the widow told Wolfe; but Dwyer asked Wolfe,
Are you sure this is what happened? … it's just that people want to remember the most beautiful things about the people they loved. So, while this is a beautiful story, we need to be sure it's true.
It wasn't true. That's as much as Wolfe remembered learning; but there was more.
Wolfe had been doing research for the book 102 Minutes, to be written by Dwyer and Kevin Flynn. According to the book itself, while Biegeleisen had not recited the psalm to his wife, he had recited it to a friend. Says Wolfe,
The fundamental lesson Jim taught me – that you can't trust memory, even when well-intentioned – is still making me a better journalist … Even now, even – especially – muddled by memory, Jim's lesson doubles down: We remember what we want to. It is our job as journalists to sort truth from memories, even well-intentioned ones. Sometimes even our own.
I am all for the sorting out of truth from memories; however, one may say it takes time and effort that could be better spent. The passage from the Phaedrus that I quoted elliptically could be given with different ellipsis and thus different meaning:
the man … who thinks that only in words about justice and beauty and goodness spoken by teachers for the sake of instruction and really written in a soul is clearness and perfection and serious value … that man, Phaedrus, is likely to be such as you and I might pray that we ourselves may become.
Near the end of their article in The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, the Millses give a good reason why Haley ought to have been clear about what he was making up in Roots: others are dismayed when they cannot document their family histories the way that Haley seems to have done:
Countless Afro-American family genealogists across America are struggling now, as generations of Caucasians have long done, to reconcile their family traditions with documentable fact. The trend began even before the publication of Roots, but archivists, professional genealogists, and genealogical societies everywhere have reported a surge of interest on the part of black genealogists. The authors of this article, who have been frequently called upon to assist these endeavors, have also noticed an increased sense of disillusionment and frustration by many when their research exposes those inevitable deviations from "The Gospel of Aunt Lizzie," as well as an increased sense of injury when those family legends are subjected to the same tests of scholarship that all historical assumptions must pass. If the Haley legend proved correct, down to the last word, why should their legends not be unimpeachable also?
The foregoing has come up, because:
I read Lauren Wolfe's recent newsletter and was impressed by her concern for getting the details right.
Socrates's comment about comedians reminded me of Malcolm's comment, "Coffee is the only thing I like integrated."
I recovered the latter from a copy of the autobiography, borrowed from the Web Archive, of the same edition that I once read (unfortunately I lost my own copy).
I remembered being told that Alex Haley had been too credulous of the stories he heard of Kunta Kinte in Africa.
The words of Socrates in the Phaedrus bring us back to considerations of how to read the Republic.
I found the quip about integrated coffee also in "Malcolm X Was Right About America" (Truthdig, February 2, 2015), where Chris Hedges traces Malcolm's words (with "like" given as "liked") to a meeting of Malcolm with reporters Peter Goldman and Helen Dudar in 1962 in St Louis. He told them also,
The average Negro doesn't even let another Negro know what he thinks, he's so mistrusting. He's an acrobat. He had to be to survive in this civilization.
To survive in Athens, one also had to be mistrusting. Plato does not literally tell us what he thinks, and it is not clear whether the character of Socrates does either. According to Hedges, reporter Claude Lewis was told by Malcolm, "not long" before his assassination of February 21, 1965,
If you read, you'll find that very few people who think like I think live long enough to get old. When I say by any means necessary, I mean it with all my heart, my mind and my soul. A black man should give his life to be free, and he should also be able, be willing to take the life of those who want to take his. When you really think like that, you don't live long.
Socrates gives his life to be free – free to obey a divine command. Whether he has killed for it is not clear, though he has served Athens militarily in three campaigns, according to his testimony in the Apology (28d–9a):
For thus it is, men of Athens, in truth; wherever a man stations himself, thinking it is best to be there, or is stationed by his commander, there he must, as it seems to me, remain and run his risks, considering neither death nor any other thing more than disgrace.
So I should have done a terrible thing, if, when the commanders whom you chose to command me stationed me, both at Potidaea and at Amphipolis and at Delium, I remained where they stationed me, like anybody else, and ran the risk of death, but when the god gave me a station, as I believed and understood, with orders to spend my life in philosophy and in examining myself and others, then I were to desert my post through fear of death or anything else whatsoever. It would be a terrible thing, and truly one might then justly hale me into court, on the charge that I do not believe that there are gods, since I disobey the oracle and fear death and think I am wise when I am not. For to fear death, gentlemen, is nothing else than to think one is wise when one is not; for it is thinking one knows what one does not know. For no one knows whether death be not even the greatest of all blessings to man, but they fear it as if they knew that it is the greatest of evils.
What the comedians should not make fun of is the idea of training women naked alongside men in the palaestras and gymnasiums. This is because:
The guardians are to be like dogs (451c–d).
Among dogs, the females do the same work as the males, though they are treated as the weaker sex (451d–e).
Those who do the same work must have the same training (451e).
Male guardians are trained in music and gymnastic (452a).
The Greeks used to think, as barbarians still do, that it was shameful even for men to work out naked (452c).
"He is empty who believes anything is ridiculous other than the bad" (μάταιος ὃς γελοῖον ἄλλο τι ἡγεῖται ἢ τὸ κακόν, 452d).
Now we have to make sure that a common training for male and female guardians really is possible. Whoever wishes to should be allowed to question whether female human nature shares anything with the male (452e–3a).
Socrates invites Glaucon to do this questioning with him. The questioner may argue as follows.
One must do one's natural business (453b).
Men and women differ in nature.
Therefore (453c) men and women should have different work.
Glaucon does not see the flaw. How many people today would see it?
Socrates explains at some length. The argument is eristic, not dialectic (454a). As I understand it, differing in one thing, such as the conception of children, does not entail differing in all things (454d–e), any more than whether one has hair determines whether one can be a cobbler (454c).
Glaucon allows that "many women are better than many men in many things" (455d).
"Therefore, my friend," Socrates concludes,
there is no practice of a city's governors which belongs to woman because she's woman, or to man because he's man; but the natures are scattered alike among both animals; and woman participates according to nature in all practices, and man in all, but in all of them woman is weaker than man.
That's all fine, except for the putative weakness of woman in all practices. Socrates then takes another logical leap by saying (456a),
Men and women, therefore, also have the same nature with respect to guarding a city, except insofar as the one is weaker and the other stronger.
More precisely, I should think, having the nature of a man or woman tells us nothing about whether a person has the nature of a guardian – nor whether that person is weak or strong.
Before we conclude that Socrates is moving in a direction that we like, let us note where he continues to go.
That which is natural is possible (456c).
With the prescribed education, male guardians being better than shoemakers, the same will be true for female guardians (456d–e).
Having the best possible men and women is best for the city (456e).
Thus our law is possible and best (457a).
Lest we think that now women are liberated to be the best they can be by their own lights, Socrates informs us (457c–d),
All these women are to belong to all these men in common, and no woman is to live privately with any man. And the children, in their turn, will be in common, and neither will a parent know his own offspring, nor a child his parent.
Socrates says it is obvious that this will be good, if only it is possible. Glaucon disagrees (457e). Therefore Socrates, like an idler, will consider whether it is good, before whether it is possible. This means looking at how the proposed law will be implemented (458a–b).
We have already determined that men and women shall be mixed in the camp of the guardians. Therefore, by a necessity that Glaucon calls erotic, rather than geometric (458d), they are going to mix, sexually.
Promiscuous sex being unholy, marriages shall be made sacred – and they shall be arranged, just as Glaucon presumably arranges the "marriages" of the hunting dogs and pedigree cocks that he keeps at home – the hens are not mentioned (459a).
The rulers will therefore need to use the drug of lies and deceptions to get the best men and women to mate, but not the others (459c–e). These others should believe that mates are selected by chance (460a). Abundant intercourse with women will be a prize for being good at war and elsewhere; a corresponding prize for women is not mentioned (460b). The offspring of good pairings will be raised separately by nurses; those of others will be somehow "hidden away" – "Opinions differ on whether this is euphemism for exposure," says Shorey.
Glaucon accepts it all without qualm, "If the guardians' species is going to remain pure" (460c). Then he hears that the nursing woman will be prevented from
knowing which child is her own,
nursing any child too long.
"It's an easy-going kind of child-bearing for the women guardians, as you tell it," says Glaucon (460d).
Women will bear for the state from twenty to 40; men will sire from 30 to 55. Procreation outside of these limits, or when the state has not approved, are not permitted. Overage intercourse is permitted, except between parents and children (460e–1c).
Glaucon recalls that parents do not know their own children. What is forbidden then is intercourse with somebody who is of the right age to be one's child. However, the approved pairings may be between siblings (461c–e).
Now one job is finished, and another begins (461e):
So, Glaucon, the community of women and children for the guardians of your city is of this kind. That it is both consistent with the rest of the regime and by far best, must next be assured by the argument.
The process seems to be as follows.
"The greatest good in the organization of a city" is "what binds it together and makes it one" (462a), so that it is like a single human being (462c).
Our city has this, because unlike the ruling class in other cities, our guardians, by law, not only call one another kin, but act as if they are (462e–3e). Evidently Glaucon takes the people to be malleable in this way.
The unity is caused by the community of women and children (464a).
What was said before about having no private property also conduces to unity (464b–c).
There being nothing private but the body, lawsuits and factions will virtually vanish (464d–e).
In case of insult or assault, individuals will take care of their own defense (464e–5a).
What will prevent the younger man from striking the older is
shame of doing such a thing to a parent,
fear of the many nominal relations who will come to the man's defense (465a–b).
It seems to be assumed that the strength of individual family ties will not be diluted when their number is multiplied.
There won't be unseemly concerns about money (465b–c).
Socrates claims to have forgotten who thought the guardians would not be happy (465e); it was Adeimantus, at the beginning of Book IV. Now Socrates has shown that the life of a guardian will be better than that of an Olympic victor (464d):
what the guardians win is the preservation of the whole city,
the prize is everything needed for life.
It remains to determine whether the community of women and children that effects all of these good things is possible for humans, as it is for animals (466d).
Socrates again postpones the question by talking about war. Children will be taken to observe war, as already potters' sons observe potting (466e–7a). Evidently it is assumed that, thanks at least to the state breeding program, most children of guardians will be suited to carry on the trade.
When Glaucon expresses concern about the danger, Socrates points out that not all risks must be avoided, and some are even beneficial, if they are survived (467b).
Fathers will know which campaigns are likely to be more dangerous (467c). In an offhand acknowledgement of the possibility of error, Socrates recognizes that things can turn out contrary to opinion; therefore the children will be on horseback and able to fly to safety (467d–e).
Cowards in the ranks will be "demoted to craftsman or farmer." There will be no attempt to recover prisoners of war (468a). Guardians who fight best will get to kiss whomever they want, male or female, and will get bred more often. Even Homer approves of honoring good young warriors (468b–d). Those who die well will get a good funeral (468e–9b).
Now we start comparing Greeks and barbarians. Greeks should neither enslave Greeks nor let barbarians do it (469b–c).
In what may be a dig at Achilles, Socrates says the bodies of dead enemy soldiers should not be
stripped of more than arms;
treated as enemies, since they are only bodies (469c–e).
Greeks should not ravage Greek countryside (470a), since they are by nature friends; they are enemies by nature only with barbarians (470b–c).
Socrates goes on in this vein, perhaps to distract Glaucon, who however finally asks (471c–e),
Is it possible for this regime to come into being, and how is it ever possible? I see that, if it should come into being, everything would be good for the city in which it came into being. And I can tell things that you leave out.
Things left out include:
Warriors who think of one another as family will least desert one another.
Having women in the campaign will help, whether they be in the line or the rear.
There are good things at home – which presumably make home worth fighting for, though Glaucon does not spell this out.
This entry was written by David Pierce, posted on October 3, 2021 at 10:29 am, filed under Contradiction, Philosophy, Plato and tagged 2021, Lauren Wolfe, Malcolm X. Bookmark the permalink. Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post. Post a comment or leave a trackback: Trackback URL.
By On Plato's Republic, 1 « Polytropy on October 3, 2021 at 10:33 am
[…] October 2nd […]
By Nature « Polytropy on October 8, 2021 at 10:29 am
[…] « On Plato's Republic, 6 […]
By On Plato's Republic, 7 « Polytropy on October 10, 2021 at 10:27 am
[…] shall get here because, in the former part of Book V, Socrates told […]
By On Plato's Republic, 9 « Polytropy on October 24, 2021 at 6:54 pm
[…] "The necessity of going through these things nonetheless arose," as Bloom has it; or Shorey, more clearly, "I am none the less compelled to discuss them" – compelled by Adeimantus, at the insistence of Polemarchus, at the beginning of Book V. […]
By On Plato's Republic, 10 « Polytropy on November 7, 2021 at 6:54 pm
[…] "to find," the source of our heuristic. The adjective occurs in the Republic too, in the first part of Book V. There, in the so-called First Wave, women will serve the city as guardians, since no part of the […]
By On Plato's Republic, 11 « Polytropy on November 14, 2021 at 10:01 pm
[…] the first two in the former part of Book V, […]
By On Plato's Republic, 2 « Polytropy on November 15, 2021 at 12:14 pm
[…] vegetarian yourself, but forcing your children to be fruitarian, would make you like Osama. In the former part of Book V, the Republic will impose on children the discipline of not knowing their […]
[…] community of women and children. This led […]
By On Plato's Republic, 14 « Polytropy on December 13, 2021 at 6:49 pm
[…] VI, where the philosopher-king is like an artist. However, as I am reminded by the list, in the former part of Book V, in the Second Wave, Socrates refers to rulers as imitating laws […]


To help you on your way, please choose the appropriate number and we'll be happy to assist you. For Reservations, call our Toll Free Reservation line at 800-634-3444. For all other instances, including Easy Rewards, please call our Toll Free Guest Services line at 888-490-8669.
The Fairmont Palliser, (formerly known simply as the Palliser Hotel) is a hotel of the Canada-based Fairmont Hotels and Resorts chain. The historic hotel is located in downtown Calgary, Alberta on 9th Avenue South adjacent to the Calgary Tower and Palliser Square. It is among the city's oldest and most luxurious hotels.


Discover Mark Brown's Youtube and Instagram stats, most viewed videos and tag analysis.
How does Half Life teach without tutorials? Why didn't Capcom tell you that it was manipulating Resident Evil 4's difficulty? How are Nintendo's level designers inspired by Chinese poetry? Find out, in Game Maker's Toolkit, hosted by Mark Brown. Who are you? My name's Mark Brown. I'm a former games journalist (Edge, Eurogamer, Wired, Pocket Gamer, The Escapist), but now I guess I'm a YouTuber. I write, edit, and present Game Maker's Toolkit: a series about video game design. Can I use a clip from your video? Sure. Please only use a small amount and provide a link to my video in the description. Can I show your video to my students at school? Absolutely! Can you come talk at my school / event? Maybe. Let's talk dates 'n' rates. Can I translate your video into my language? You can submit translated subtitles on YouTube. If you'd like to make a new version with replaced audio then please get in touch.
Get inspired by discovering the TOP 100 Youtube videos of Mark Brown.
Discover which video tags are used by Mark Brown for the most videos.


text:
Animal Cognition
Animals with Bigger Brains Have More Self-Control
Submitted by Exponential Times on Thu, 2014-04-24 23:24
Researchers tested 36 different species on two self-control tasks. In the first, the researchers hid treats in one of several containers. In the second, they hid treats in a transparent cylinder.
Do animals think and feel?: Sy Montgomery at TEDxAmoskeagMillyard
Join naturalist and author Sy Montgomery as she takes us on a heartfelt adventure to present the overwhemling evidence that animals across a wide variety of species do think and feel and experience consciousness.
TEDxAmoskeagMillyard 2013 was hosted by Southern New Hampshire University on November 2, 2013. The theme was MINDSET, the mental attitudes that impact our choices and actions, ultimately influencing our results. From conquering fear to changing perspectives, we'll explore the many ways outlook, emotions, and beliefs affect our mindset. We'll also investigate how the mindset we cultivate shapes our path, impacts our organizations, and has the potential to transform our communities. Learn more: http://tedxamoskeagmillyard.org
Cognition Without Cortex: Onur Güntürkün at TEDx Jacobs University
In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized.* (*Subject to certain rules and regulations)
Personhood Beyond the Human: Robert C. Jones on What Might a Species-Free Ethics Look Like?
Submitted by Exponential Times on Sat, 2013-12-28 02:24
On December 7, 2013 Robert C. Jones spoke on "What Might a Species-Free Ethics Look Like?" at the Personhood Beyond the Human conference at Yale University.
Robert C. Jones received his PhD in philosophy from Stanford University in 2005 where his doctoral research examined the moral significance of nonhuman animal cognition. His professional research investigates the substantive cognitive properties that bear on the ethical treatment and moral considerability of both human and nonhuman animals. In addition, his research includes food ethics, environmental ethics, mind and cognition, species studies, and the question of what it is to be human.
Robert has been a post-doctoral fellow at Stanford University and a visiting researcher for the Ethics in Society Project at Wesleyan University in Connecticut, and most recently a Summer Fellow at the Animals & Society Institute. He has given talks at Stanford, Yale, Wesleyan, UCLA, and the University of Auckland. Robert joined the faculty of California State University, Chico, in 2008 as Assistant Professor of Philosophy.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Personhood Beyond the Human: Andrew Fenton: On solid ground: chimpanzee dissent and trapdoor clauses
On December 7, 2013 Andrew Fenton spoke on "chimpanzee dissent and trapdoor clauses" at the Personhood Beyond the Human conference at Yale University.
Andrew Fenton Ph.D. is Assistant Professor in the Department of Philosophy, California State University, Fresno, and Adjunct of the Faculty of Graduate Studies in the Department of Philosophy, Dalhousie University.
My research interests are the philosophical implications of re-seeing many nonhuman animals as living within norm-laden contexts of action. In particular, I am interested in how such a re-seeing can enrich traditional discussions of epistemic justification, including evidence gathering, as well as pro-social behavior and its relation to moral agency.
It has also contributed to my interest in animal research ethics, particularly in the area of nonhuman primate research, and how our growing knowledge of nonhuman primate agential capacities ought to change our attitudes about seeking their participation in captive research. I am also interested in the nature and extent of cognitive diversity in humans and how this ought to impact societal approaches to difference in cognitive capacities among these individuals.
Frans de Waal: Moral behavior in animals
Submitted by Exponential Times on Mon, 2013-11-25 05:40
Empathy, cooperation, fairness and reciprocity -- caring about the well-being of others seems like a very human trait. Frans de Waal shares some surprising videos of behavioral tests, on primates and other mammals, that show how many of these moral traits all of us share.


Firmata Travel offers special travel programms in Russia. During the travel programm "Russian Imperial Palaces" in St. Petersburg you will show the heart of great russian imperial history. Travel programm lasts for 7 days.
Travel programm starts from arrival in St.Petersburg, where you will be met and transferred to the hotel of your choice. Accommodate at the hotel. Dinner is served at your hotel. The rest of day is free.
Breakfast is in your hotel. Morning city sightseeing commences with a drive along "Great Perspective" today as Nevsky Prospect with its famous buildings, monuments, Rostral Columns, New Holland island, Mariinsky (former Kirov) Theatre, Summer Garden with the oldest royal stone palace and collections of Italian sculptures.
Enjoy a typical Russian lunch at a local restaurant. Afternoon, an hour boat trip on the rivers and canals of St.Petersburg. Evening is free to explore the city.
Breakfast served in the hotel. During the morning, tour to Petrodvorets (Peterhof), the summer palace with the gardens famous for their fountains. Depend on season you may return to St. Petersburg by a 40 minute car trip across the Gulf of Finland or by hydrofoil. The afternoon is free to explore the city.
Breakfast is in hotel. Morning 3 hours guided tour to the Hermitage Art Museum which is famous for its European collection, including works by Michelangelo, Rubens, Rembrandt, Picasso and many others. This is a perfect day to explore the city on your own. In the evening, enjoy a classical or opera performance at Mariinsky (Kirov) Theatre.
Breakfast and dinner at the hotel. Today you are free to explore the city on your own.
Breakfast in your hotel. Full day ( 6 hours) trip to the two summer palaces and their spectacular grounds at Tsarskoe Selo (Pushkin) and Pavlovsk. Both palaces are exquisitely restored and filled with Russian and European antiques. Lunch at a local restaurant in Pushkin Village.
A free day for last minute return visit to favourite sites before transferring to the airport or station.
6 nights accommodation in your choice hotel in St. Petersburg.


This page displays sold house prices for Alken Close in Wellingborough.
Alken Close in Wellingborough NN8 consists predominantly of terraced houses. Properties on Alken Close typically have values around £200,000 - £300,000, but larger detached houses can command upwards of £300,000.
Map showing Alken Close in Wellingborough.


text:
Hiku: I know how they feel, I want them to go home
Richard Becht & Photosport.nz
Fri 24 Jul 2020, 02:32 PM
The Vodafone Warriors are hoping to send off teammates David Fusitu'a, Ken Maumalo, Agnatius Paasi and King Vuniyayawa in the best way possible this weekend.
The four players return to New Zealand on Monday to go into isolation for 14 days before being reunited with their families.
They've been released on compassionate grounds following failed efforts to secure travel exemptions from border authorities for their families to enter Australia.
First-choice wingers Fusitu'a and Maumalo will both line up for their farewell appearances when the Vodafone Warriors take on the Sydney Roosters in Gosford tomorrow night while the injured Paasi and Vuniyayawa will watch from the sideline. A fifth player Leivaha Pulu returned home on July 2.
Their teammates are united in supporting their peers, none more so than seasoned centre Peta Hiku, who returned home for family reasons after the season-opening clash against Newcastle in March.
"I know how they feel," said Hiku.
"We've talked to them. On our end we'd love them to stay but, as a friend and with a family, I want them to go home.
"After round one I was in the same situation. I didn't know what was going to happen and I went home. The boys backed me up then.
"I think it's the right choice for them going home. They've been away from their families long enough. I couldn't imagine being away from my family for another 10 weeks."
Hiku's partner Lisa and family arrived in Australia to go into isolation almost two weeks ago.
"I'm excited to see my two little boys and my partner. It will be full-on for me having them here but we're looking forward to it."
Vastly experienced second rower Tohu Harris, who's also benefiting from having his family in Terrigal, is on the same wavelength.
"We've got the four boys who have decided to go home which is completely understandable," he said.
"I feel for them and I want them to be with their families. This situation's hard. People say 'get on with it' but there's more it than that.
"I'm happy that those guys are closer to being with their families."
Vodafone Warriors centre-winger Gerard Beale, another player with a young family, is on an identical wavelength as he looks ahead to the days ahead with four key players leaving the team's bubble in Terrigal.
"It has been weird, sort of like an elephant in the room," he said.
"We love those boys and we know they love the team but it sort of puts things in perspective. They all have their reasons which we all respect.
"I think it's really important we enjoy this week. When they get on that plane we're definitely going to miss them.
"They've made a massive sacrifice. We want them to know that and that we care for them and their families, too."
Reflecting on four months living in lockdown
Payten: Clubs not helping with loan players
Wed 22 Jul, 2020
Lining up as selected against Roosters
All round 11 line-ups listed here
Presented By Telfast Wed 22 Jul, 2020
TBT: Bell chimes in for two against Roosters
Presented By Mazda Thu 23 Jul, 2020


text:
Sarah Curtis Henry works alongside founder Vicky Tsai and leads Marketing, Creative, and E-Commerce at Tatcha.
Curtis Henry has held Global and North America focused marketing and trade leadership positions during her time in the beauty industry, bridging categories from haircare to skincare, color, and fragrance, and leading functional areas from marketing to sales, PR, merchandising, and digital.
Most recently, she spent over 6 years at LVMH including 3 years at Fresh where she served as Senior Vice President, General Manager of North America and Vice President of Global Marketing. Curtis Henry also held the role of Vice President, Head of U.S. Marketing, PR & Education at Guerlain.
Prior to LVMH, she held roles at the Estee Lauder Companies including Executive Director, Global Treatment Marketing at Clinique; and Executive Director, Global Makeup Marketing at Estée Lauder. Additionally, she's served in marketing roles at L'Oreal USA on the L'Oreal Paris and Softsheen-Carson brands.
Curtis Henry began her career in Finance at JPMorgan and holds an MBA from Harvard Business School and a BA with a concentration in Economics from Spelman College.
She is a New York native and currently resides in Oakland, California with her husband and son
Dara Quinlan
VP, Global Fine Fragrance Development, Fine Fragrance
Tiffany Masterson
Creative Director & Founder
Heidi Manheimer
CEW Vice Chairwoman
Executive Chairman, Surratt Beauty
Tara James Taylor
SVP, Beauty/Personal Care Vertical