text:
\section{Introduction}
Multiferroic  materials with the simultaneous presence of  ferroelectricity and magnetism, have been the focus of  attention in recent times.\cite{kimuraNature, nicolaScience} Based on the microscopic origin of ferroelectricity (FE) multiferroic materials can be classified into two different classes namely type-I(proper)  and type-II(improper)  multiferroic materials. In type-I multiferroics, ferroelectricity and magnetism stem from an independent origin and  the coupling between magnetism and ferroelectricity is usually weak.  In these materials, ferroelectricity typically appear at higher temperatures than magnetism, and the magnitude of spontaneous electric polarization ($P$) is often  large ($\sim$ 10-100 $\mu$C/cm$^2$). One possible mechanism  for ferroelectricity in type-I multiferroic material is lone-pair driven. It is well known that cations containing  highly polarizable 5$s$ or 6$s$ lone pairs of valence electrons have a strong tendency to break the local inversion symmetry of the crystal. This lone-pair driven mechanism was identified as the source of ferroelectric instability in ${\rm BiFeO_3}$.\cite{RavindranPRB2006} In contrast, type-II multiferroics where ferroelectricity may arise due to a particular  kind of magnetic ordering that breaks the inversion symmetry, are more interesting from an  application point of view due to the strong coupling between  magnetism and FE.\cite{khomskii2006, cheong2007} However, the magnitude of electric polarization in these materials is  usually very small ($\sim$ 10$^{-2}$ $\mu$C/cm$^2$).  For type-II multiferroics, non symmetric lattice distortion and ferroelectric order may be induced through exchange striction,\cite{LeePRB2011, cheong} spin current mechanism \cite{knb} or inverse Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya  (DM) interactions. \cite{SergienkoPRB} In particular, the exchange striction is considered to induce  ferroelectricity in some  collinear antiferromagnets such as HoMnO$_3$,\cite{LeePRB2011} $\rm{ Ca_3CoMnO_6}$.\cite{cheong, Wu2009, whangboccmo} While strong coupling between the magnetic and ferroelectric order parameters  makes them attractive but their real applications have been restricted by the small magnitude of the  polarization values. A possible way to overcome this difficulty could be to combine the best features of type-I and type-II multiferroics. In this context, the transition metal (TM) selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te)  oxihalides may offer an attractive possibility as they exhibit exotic magnetic properties driven by the geometric frustration in low dimensions and also contain stereochemically active lone pair in p element cations Te$^{4+}$, and  Se$^{4+}$ that may result in lone pair driven ferroelectricity as in the case of type-I mutiferroics.
Interestingly some of  these systems exhibit multiferroic behavior. An example of such a system is FeTe$_2$O$_5$Br.
It adopts a layered structure, where individual layers consist of geometrically frustrated iron tetramer units [Fe$_4$O$_{16}$]  linked by the [Te$_4$O$_{10}$Br$_2$]$^{6-}$ groups.\cite{beckerjacs2006} However the structure remains centrosymmetric even in the presence of Te-$5s^2$ lone pairs.  The high temperature fit to the susceptibility data shows  negative Curie-Weiss temperature ($\theta_{\text{CW}} = -98$ K), indicating  strong antiferromagnetic interactions between the Fe$^{3+}$$(d^5)$ ions.\cite{beckerjacs2006} The system develops long range magnetic order at a considerable low temperature $T_{N1} = 11$ K, followed by a second magnetic transition at $T_{N2} = 10.5$ K.\cite{pregeljprb2010} The first transition at  $T_{N1}$ is a paramagnetic to a high-temperature incommensurate  magnetic state (HT-IC) with a constant wave vector $q_{IC1} = ( 0.5, 0.466, 0.0)$ and is immediately followed by another transition at $T_{N2} = 10.5$ K  into the low-temperature incommensurate (LT-IC) multiferroic state. The amplitude modulated magnetic order in the LT-IC phase is described with the wave vector $q = (0.5, 0.463, 0)$  and  concomitantly with the magnetic order a ferroelectric polarization ($P=8$ $\mu$C/m$^2$) is induced perpendicular to $q$ and the direction of the Fe$^{3+}$ moments.\cite{pregeljprl2009} As the polarization is found to be triggered by magnetic ordering, the small value of the polarization provide direct evidence that FeTe$_2$O$_5$Br is an example of type~II (improper) multiferroic contrary to the original expectation.
A recent study\cite{Pregelj2013} on the magnetic ordering in the HT-IC phase of FeTe$_2$O$_5$Br showed that while the inversion symmetry is already broken in HT-IC phase, the ferroelectricity is only realized in the LT-IC phase. The difference in the orientation of the magnetic moments and phase shift of the amplitude modulated waves between the two magnetic structures is suggested to be responsible for the realization of ferroelectricity in the LT-IC phase.
In addition, there is evidence of minute displacements of the Te$^{4+}$ ions  in the  LT-IC phase and these subtle displacements  may  be important for the electric polarization in this phase.\cite{Pregelj2013} In view of the above, it is suggested that polarization is possibly driven by exchange striction on the inter-chain bond containing  highly polarizable Te lone pair electrons. In the search for a suitable spin Hamiltonian, magnetic susceptibility was analyzed by various groups. An early report suggested that magnetic susceptibility can be explained by considering the dominant interactions within the Fe tetramers.\cite{beckerjacs2006}  A recent study, however, shows that  the system should be described as a system of alternating antiferromagnetic $S = 5/2$ chains with strong Fe-O-Te-O-Fe bridges weakly coupled by two-dimensional frustrated interactions.\cite{henaarxiv}

The preceding discussion suggests that it  will be important to clarify the role of Te ions in the  multiferroic property of  FeTe$_2$O$_5$Br. In particular, it will be interesting to understand the interplay of  magnetic interaction and the activity of the Te$^{4+}$ lone pairs and eventually their combined role in the ferroelectric polarization.  In the present paper we have examined this issue in details using {\em ab initio} electronic structure calculations. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In Sec II we  describe the crystal structure along with  the computational details. Section III is devoted to a detailed discussion of our results on the electronic structure calculations. Finally, a summary and conclusions are given in Sec IV.

\section{Crystal Structure and Computational Details}
FeTe$_2$O$_5$Br crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P21/c$. The crystallographic unit cell has an inversion center. The lattice parameters for FeTe$_2$O$_5$Br are $a=13.396$ \AA, $b=6.597$ ~\AA, $c=14.289$ \AA~and $\beta=108.12^{\circ}$.\cite{beckerjacs2006} The unit cell  (depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:structure}) contains 72 atoms.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=.26]{fig1}
\caption{\label{fig:structure}Layered structure of FeTe$_2$O$_5$Br. The inset shows one tetramer unit.}
\end{figure}
There are two crystallographycally inequivatent  Fe$^{3+}$ ions  in the structure which are in distorted [${\rm FeO_6}$] octahedral environment. Four such octahedra share their edges with each other and form a [Fe$_4$O$_{16}$] iron tetramer cluster (see the inset of Fig.~\ref{fig:structure}). These iron tetramers are  linked by [Te$_4$O$_{10}$Br$_2$]$^{6-}$ units forming a layered structure in the $bc$ plane. The layers are weakly connected via van der Waals forces as they stack along the monoclinic $a$ axis.

The first principles density functional  theory (DFT) calculations have been performed using the plane wave based projector augmented wave (PAW) \cite{blochl} method  as implemented in the Vienna {\em ab initio} simulation package (VASP).\cite{vasp} We have used local density approximation (LDA) to the exchange correlation functional. The localized Fe-$d$ states were treated in the framework of local spin-density approximation (LSDA)+$U$ method,\cite{dudarev1998} where calculations were done for several values of $U_{eff}$= $U$-$J=$ in the range $0$(LDA) $-5$ eV.   The calculations for the unit cell were performed with a ($4\times8\times4$)  $\Gamma$ centered $k$ point mesh and 550 eV as plane wave cut off energy. In order to simulate the magnetic structure we have neglected the amplitude modulation and have approximated the incommensurate wave vector q$\sim$ (0.5, 0.463, 0) by a commensurate one (0.5, 0.5, 0) and have generated a supercell ($2\times2\times1$) of the original unit cell containing 288 atoms. For the calculations with the supercell, a plane-wave cutoff energy of 500 eV was used along with a   ($1\times2\times2$)  $\Gamma$ centered $k$ point mesh. All structural relaxations were carried out till Hellman-Feynman forces became less than 0.01  eV/\AA.

 For the derivation of the low energy model Hamiltonian and identification of various exchange paths we have employed N-th order muffin-tin orbital (NMTO) downfolding method.\cite{Saha-Dasgupta,Tank} The NMTO downfolding method is an efficient {\em ab-initio} scheme to construct low energy, few band tight-binding model Hamiltonian. The low energy model Hamiltonian is constructed by energy selective downfolding method, where high energy degrees of freedom are integrated out from the all orbital LDA calculations. The fourier transform of the resulting low energy Hamiltonian yields the effective hopping parameters which can be utilized to identify the dominant exchange paths.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=.45]{fig2}
\caption{\label{fig:parados}The non-spin-polarized density of states for  ${\rm FeTe_2 O_5Br}$. (a) the total DOS, orbital-projected density of states for (b) Fe-$d$ , (c) Te-$s$ and Te-$p$, and (d) O-$p$ and Br$p$.  Insets show the orbital characters near the Fermi level.}
\end{figure}
\section {Results and Discussions}
\subsection{Non-spin polarized calculation}
To begin with we have investigated the electronic structure of FeTe$_2$O$_5$Br without magnetic order.  The non-spin polarized total and partial density of states are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:parados}. The density of states (DOS) is consistent with the Fe$^{3+}$Te$^{4+}_2$O$^{2-}_5$Br$^{1-}$  nominal ionic formula for the system. Fig.~\ref{fig:parados}, reveals that O-$p$ and Br-$p$ states are completely occupied while the Fermi level ($E_{F}$) is dominated by the Fe-$d$ states.  The occupied Te-5$s$ states lie far below the $E_F$. The empty Te-5$p$ states lie above the Fermi level spreading on an energy range  2 - 6 eV with respect to the Fermi level. There is a significant admixture of Te-5$s$ and Te-5$p$ states with the O-$p$ states, which suggests the hybridization between Te and O, which in turn hybridizes with Fe-$d$ states crossing the Fermi level (see insets in Fig.~\ref{fig:parados} ).

The presence of Te in 4+ oxidation state suggests the possibility of the stereochemical activity of Te lone pair formed from $5s^2$ electrons.  In order to visualize the lone pairs arising from 5$s^2$ electrons of Te$^{4+}$ ions, we have calculated the electron localization function (ELF).\cite{elf-nature,savinAng1997} The ELF is defined as follows:
\begin{align}
{\text{ELF}} &= \left[1+ \left(\frac{D}{D_h}\right)^2\right]^{-1} \\
{\text{where }}
D &= \frac{1}{2}\sum_i|\nabla \phi_i|^2- \frac{1}{8}\frac{|\nabla \rho|^2}{\rho} {\text{ and}} \nonumber \\
D_h  &=  \frac{3}{10}(3\pi^2)^{5/3}\rho^{5/3}.  \nonumber
 \end{align}
$\rho$ is the electron density and $\phi_i$ are the Kohn Sham wave functions. The ELF is defined in such a way that its value lies between 0 and 1. The values are close to 1 when in the vicinity of one electron, no other electron  with the same spin may be found. For instance this would occur in bonding pairs or {\em lone pairs}.\cite{Peters1992}  From the plot of the electron localization function, in the experimental high temperature centrosymmetric structure\cite{beckerjacs2006} displayed in Fig.~\ref{fig:elfplot}, we find that the electron density  around Te is asymmetric and form a usual lobe shape arising from the $5s$ lone pair of Te.  It has been pointed out by Watson and Parker that the hybridization with anion $p$ orbitals (oxygen 2$p$) plays an  important role in the formation of asymmetric lobe shaped isosurface of electron localization function for sterically active lone pairs.\cite{Watson1999} We gather from the DOS shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:parados} that the occupied Te $s$ and O $p$ orbitals hybridize to form a pair of occupied bonding and antibonding states. This Te-5$s$ -O-2$p$ mixed state further hybridizes with empty Te-5$p$ states.  As a consequence both the Te-5$s$ and Te-5$p$ states are involved in the formation of the asymmetric electron distribution where empty Te 5$p$ orbitals are able to interact due to  the presence of Te-$s$ - O-$p$ occupied antibonding states. This  emphasizes the importance of the O-$p$ states in the formation of lone pairs.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=.35]{fig3}
\caption{\label{fig:elfplot}Electron localization function within a unit cell. The isosurfaces are visualized for a value of 0.9.}
\end{figure}

 In order to quantify the hybridization, we have calculated the hybridization index defined as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
	H_{I-l,J-l^{\prime}} &=& \sum_k \left( \sum_i h_{I-l,J-l^{\prime}} ^{i,k} \right) \times {\rm weight}(k), \nonumber \\
	{\rm where~} h_{I-l,J-l^{\prime}} ^{i,k} &=& \sum_{I,J,m,m^{\prime}} w_{lm,i,k}^{(I)} w_{l^{\prime}m^{\prime},i,k}^{(J)}; \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
$ w_{lm,i,k}^{(I)}$ are the coefficients in the spherical harmonic decomposition of the local (partial) charge, associated with $i^{th}$ Kohn-Sham orbital,\cite{HakkinenPRL02} around $I^{th}$ atom. $l,m$ indicates the orbital and the magnetic quantum numbers respectively, $I$ and $J$ are atom indices: $I \in$ \{Te atoms\} and $J \in$ \{O atoms\}, $i$ and $k$ stand for band index and $k$-points respectively.  Weight($k$) is  the weight on each $k$-point in the irreducible Brillouin zone necessary for the integration. Our calculations find that the hybridization index between Te-$p$ and O-$p$ is 6.13 and that between Te-$s$ and O-$p$ is 3.80 for the experimental structure without any magnetism indicating sizable hybridization between Te and O. It is interesting to note that these lone pairs however do not promote structural distortion and the structure remains centrosymmetric,  as the pair of lobes are arranged in an opposite manner, resulting canceling polarization of the structure, as is evident from Fig.~\ref{fig:elfplot}.

\subsection{Spin polarized calculation}
We  next consider magnetism and its impact on the crystal structure and ferroelectric polarization. In order to simulate the low temperature  magnetic order found in the LT-IC phase we have made a (2$\times$2$\times$1) supercell  which contains 288 atoms. As mentioned before, in our calculation we have neglected the amplitude modulation. We consider  various antiferromagnetic (AFM) configurations (see Fig.~\ref{fig:afmconfig}), depending on the arrangement of Fe spins within each tetramer as well as between the neighboring tetramers. In AFM1  configuration, not only  Fe1 spins aligned antiparallel to Fe2 within each tetramer (see inset of Fig.~\ref{fig:afmconfig}(a)) but also each tetramer is  antiferromagnetically coupled along the $a$ and $b$ directions leading to $q = (0.5, 0.5, 0)$.  The AFM2 configuration differs from the AFM1 configuration only in the arrangement of spins within each tetramer (see inset of Fig.~\ref{fig:afmconfig}(b)) where a pair of Fe1 spins in a tetramer are antiparallel and the same is true for a pair of Fe2 spins. Finally in  AFM3 configuration, the arrangement of Fe1 and Fe2 spins in each tetramer is identical to AFM1 but the tetramers are coupled ferromagnetically along $a$, $b$ and $c$ directions leading to $q = (0, 0, 0)$. The results of our calculations are displayed in Table~\ref{tab:magnetic}.
The results reveal that among the magnetic configurations considered here, AFM1 has the lowest energy. All magnetic states are found to be insulating and the magnetic moment at the Fe site  is $m_{\text{Fe}} \sim 4.2 \mu_B$. The rest of the moments are at oxygen  ($m_{\text{O}} \sim .13 \mu_B$) and bromine ($m_{\text{Br}} \sim .09 \mu_B$) sites, arising due to Fe-O and Fe-Br hybridization effect.

The total density of states as well as its projection onto different atomic orbitals  for AFM1 phase are shown Fig.~\ref{fig:pdosafm}(a-d).  Focusing on  Fig.~\ref{fig:pdosafm}(b), we find that  Fe-$d$ states in the majority spin chanel are completely occupied while the minority states are completely empty, which is consistent with the ${\rm Fe^{3+}}$ valence state of Fe with a $3d^5$ configuration. Such a half filled configuration promotes the AFM order.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=.42]{fig4}
\caption{\label{fig:afmconfig}Various antiferromagnetic configurations (a) AFM1, (b) AFM2, and (c) AFM3.}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=.35]{fig5}
\caption{\label{fig:pdosafm}The density of states for ${\rm FeTe_2O_5Br}$ in AFM1 configuration with experimental structure. (a) Total DOS (states$/$eV cell). Orbital projected DOS (States$/$eV atom) for (b) Fe-$d$, (c) Te-$s$ and Te-$p$, and (d) O-$p$ and Br-$p$ states.}
\end{figure}

\begin{table*}
\begin{center}
\caption{\label{tab:magnetic} The relative energies, magnetic moments, band gap for different magnetic configurations are listed here.}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{c........}
Magnetic & \multicolumn{4}{c}{$U_{eff}=3$~eV} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{ $U_{eff}=5$~eV} \\
\cline{2-5} \cline{6-9}
Config. & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\Delta E$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Band gap} &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{$m_{Fe1}$} &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{$m_{Fe2}$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\Delta E$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Band gap} &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{$m_{Fe1}$} &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{$m_{Fe2}$} \\
& \multicolumn{1}{c}{(meV)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(eV)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{($\mu_B$)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{($\mu_B$)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(meV)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{(eV)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{($\mu_B$)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{($\mu_B$)} \\
\hline
FM &   49.7  & 1.3 & 4.1 & 4.1 & 34.1 & 1.5 & 4.2 & 4.2\\
AFM1 &  0.0 & 1.2  & 4.1 & 4.1 &  0.0  & 1.6  & 4.2  & 4.2\\
AFM2 &  15.7 & 1.4 & 4.1 & 4.1 &  10.1 & 1.6 & 4.2 & 4.2\\
AFM3 & 9.0 & 1.5  & 4.1 & 4.1 & 5.8 & 1.7 & 4.2  & 4.2\\
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{center}
\end{table*}

Next, we have identified the dominant exchange paths and the relevant spin Hamiltonian using the N$^{th}$  order muffin-tin orbital (NMTO) downfolding method.\cite{Saha-Dasgupta,Tank} In order to derive a low energy effective model Hamiltonian, we have retained the isolated Fe band complex near the Fermi level for a non-spin-polarized calculation and downfolded the rest with the choice of two energy points $E_0$ and $E_1$. The downfolded bands in comparison to the all orbital LDA band structure is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:nmtoplot} and we note that the agreement is very good. The Fourier transform of the low energy Hamiltonian $\rm {H_k} \rightarrow \rm {H_R}$ [where $\rm {H_R}$ is given by, $H_R=\sum_{ij} t_{ij}\left(c_i^{\dagger}c_j+h.c.\right)$]  gives the effective hopping parameters between the various Fe atoms. The various hopping integrals can be utilized to identify the dominant exchange paths. For strongly correlated systems, the antiferromagnetic contribution to the exchange integral can be computed using  $J^{AFM}$ = 4$\frac{\sum_{i,j}t_{ij}^2}{U_{eff}}$, where $U_{eff}$ is the effective onsite Coulomb interaction  and $t_{ij}$ corresponds to the hopping via superexchange paths. The ratio of the various exchange interactions are displayed in Table~\ref{tab:Jvalue} and the various exchange paths are indicated in Fig.~\ref{fig:jvalue}. In last two columns we have also reproduced  the ratio of exchange interactions obtained in Ref.\onlinecite{henaarxiv} using the total energy method.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1.15]{fig6}
\caption{\label{fig:nmtoplot}Downfolded band structure (red dotted line) compared with full orbital LDA band structure (black solid line) of FeTe$_2$O$_5$Br}
\end{figure}
In Ref. \onlinecite{henaarxiv}, it is reported that the alternating spin chain model is more appropriate instead of the tetramer model  suggested for this system as the inter-tetramer  super exchange ($J_4$) mediated by Fe-O-Te-O-Fe bridges is appreciable. The values of exchange interactions obtained from the NMTO downfolding method reveal that in addition to the intra cluster exchange interactions $J_1$, $J_2$, $J_3$, the inter-cluster exchange interaction  $J_4$ is substantial supporting the validity of alternating spin chain model suggested in Ref. \onlinecite{henaarxiv}. Although the qualitative pictures as given in Ref. \onlinecite{henaarxiv} and in the present study are similar, the quantitative values of the exchange interactions, specifically the values of  $\frac{J_1}{J_2}$ and $\frac{J_4}{J_2}$, differ in the two studies, possibly due to the different calculation schemes adopted in these two independent investigations.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=.37]{fig7}
\caption{\label{fig:jvalue}Structure of FeTe$_2$O$_5$Br, exchange paths are indicated.}
\end{figure}
\begin{table*}
\begin{center}
\caption{\label{tab:Jvalue} Exchange interactions along different exchange paths obtained from NMTO downfolding method and energy method (Ref.~\onlinecite{henaarxiv}) have been tabulated here}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{ccccccc}
 Exchange & Distance & Exchange paths, & J$_i$/J$_2$ & J$_i$/J$_2$ &J$_i$/J$_2$  \\
 & (\AA) &    bond lengths    & from NMTO   & in Ref.~\onlinecite{henaarxiv} & in Ref.~\onlinecite{henaarxiv} \\
 &  & and angles  & ($U_{eff}=3$ eV) &  ($U_{eff}=3$ eV) &  ($U_{eff}=4$ eV)\\
\hline
 $J_{1}$ & 3.16 & $\angle$Fe1-O1-Fe2= 101.8$^\circ$ & 0.89 & 0.46 & 0.35\\
 & & $\angle$ Fe1-O2-Fe2= 99.5$^\circ$  & & & \\
 \hline
 $J_{2}$ & 3.34 &  $\angle$Fe1-O7-Fe2=110.2$^\circ$  &   1 & 1 & 1\\
 & & $\angle$Fe1-O2-Fe2= 95.79$^\circ$ & & & & \\
\hline
 $J_3$ & 3.43 &  $\angle$Fe1-O2-Fe1 = 101.7$^\circ$ &  0.44   & 0.33  & 0.34  \\
\hline
 $J_4$ & 4.76 & Fe1-O-Te1-O-Fe2  & 0.26  & 0.62 & 0.59\\
& & Fe1-O-Te4-O-Fe2  & & &\\
\hline
 $J_5$ & 4.77 & Fe2-O-Te3-O-Fe2 & 0.05  & 0.04 & 0.0 \\
\hline
 $J_6$ & 5.10 & Fe1-O-Te1-O-Fe1 & 0.15   & 0.27 & 0.26\\
\hline
 $J_7$ & 5.52 &  O-O $\sim$ 2.81 & 0.02  & -- & --\\
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{center}
\end{table*}

We  next investigated the impact of magnetism on crystal structure, viz., exchange striction. We have carried out  the structure optimization with nonmagnetic, ferromagnetic, and AFM1 magnetic configurations. In this optimization, the cell parameters were fixed to the experimental values, but the positions of the atoms were allowed to relax. The  change in bond lengths  with respect to the unrelaxed (experimental) structure corresponding to  various exchange paths are displayed in Table~\ref{tab:distancerela} for the AFM1, FM and non-spin polarized cases. The bond lengths hardly change due to the ionic relaxations for nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic cases indicating negligible exchange striction.  The maximum change in  ionic positions occur in the relaxed structure with  AFM1 magnetic ordering. The dominant changes  correspond to the exchange path $J_3$ involving oxygens and $J_5$ involving the Te ions (see Table \ref{tab:distancerela}). Our calculations provide a direct evidence that the exchange paths $J_3$ and $J_5$ are responsible for the spin-phonon coupling in this compound. The importance of the exchange path $J_5$ was also anticipated in Ref.~\onlinecite{henaarxiv}.

To obtain an estimate of the impact of structural distortion on the lone pairs, we computed the hybridization index for the relaxed structure in the AFM1 phase. The H-indices for the relaxed structure  are  found to be 17.305 and 11.015 between Te-$p$ and O-$p$, and Te-$s$ and O-$p$ respectively as opposed to 17.00 and 10.99 in the AFM1 phase for the experimental structure.  This indicates that the Te-O hybridization increases as a result of the structural distortion, pointing to the importance of Te lone pairs.  Finally  to access the asymmetry between two neighboring lobe shaped charge distribution of the lone pairs we have calculated the moment of the electron localization function ($\vec{M}_{\text{ELF}}^i$) for the $i^{\text{th}}$ Te atom as follows:
\begin{equation}
        \vec{M}_{\text{ELF}}^i = \int_{|\vec{r}| = 0}^R d^3r \text{ELF}(\vec{r}) \vec{r} \label{eq:MELF},
\end{equation}
where $\vec{r}$ is the position vector assuming the $i^{\text{th}}$ Te atom at the origin and $R$ is a suitably chosen radius of a sphere that covers the range of ELF around the $i^{\text{th}}$ Te atom. We find that the sum of $\vec{M}_{\text{ELF}}^i$'s vanishes for a pair of suitably chosen Te atoms  in the high temperature centrosymmetric experimental structure,\cite{beckerjacs2006}  whereas it has a finite value for the same pairs of atoms in the relaxed structure. This observation suggests that unlike the centrosymmetric experimental structure where the local dipole moments cancel pairwise leading to no net polarization, in the relaxed magnetic structure they do not cancel out. (the average ELF moment for a pair of Te atoms in a relaxed magnetic structure is 7.2 \AA).  This calculation hints at  the activation of the stereochemical activity of the Te ions once the polarization is triggered by the magnetic ordering, as elaborated in the next section. In fact the minute displacements of the Te$^{4+}$ ions below T$_{N_{2}}$ in the multiferroic LT-IC phase has been corroborated by the NQR results. \cite{Pregelj2013}

\begingroup
\begin{table*}
\begin{center}
\caption{\label{tab:distancerela} The bond lengths  between the Fe atoms in the experimental structure and the change in Fe-Fe bond length upon relaxation within different magnetic configurations have been listed here. $+(-)$ sign indicate increment (decrement) of the distance.}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
Exchange  & Bond length (\AA) & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Change in the bond length upon relaxation (\AA)}  \\
paths & Exp. Struc. & \multicolumn{3}{c} {with respect to the experimental structure}\\
 &  &  AFM1 & FM & NM \\
\hline
$J_1$ (Fe1-Fe2) & 3.16 & $-$0.04 & $-$0.01 & $-$0.01\\

$J_2$ (Fe1-Fe2) & 3.34 & $-$0.03 & 0.00 &  0.00 \\

${\bf {J_3}}$ {\bf{(Fe1-Fe1)}}  & {\bf{3.43}} & {\bf{$-$0.11}} &  {\bf{-0.04}} & {\bf{-0.02}} \\

$J_4$ (Fe1-Fe2)& 4.76 & 0.02 & 0.00 & 0.00\\

${\bf {J_5}}$ {\bf{(Fe2-Fe2)}} & {\bf{4.77}} & {\bf{0.05}} & {\bf{0.02}} & {\bf{0.01}}\\

$J_6$ (Fe2-Fe2) & 5.10 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\

\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{center}
\end{table*}
\endgroup

\subsection{Polarization}

We have calculated the ferroelectric polarization  using the Berry phase method\cite{resta1994} as implemented in the Vienna {\em ab-initio} simulation package (VASP).\cite{kresse1993} The polarization calculations are carried out  with the idealized magnetic configuration AFM1 for several $U_{eff}$ values. Our results are summarized in Table \ref{tab:polarization}. The direction of polarization is the same with different $U_{eff}$ values, but the magnitude decreases with the increasing value of  $U_{eff}$. The calculated polarization for FeTe$_2$O$_5$Br is large compared to the experimental value. Such an overestimation is also reported for other systems,\cite{Kan2009,Xiang2007} and may be attributed to the idealized magnetic structure considered in our calculation.  In view of the fact that upon ionic relaxation the bond lengths corresponding to the exchange path $J_3$ and $J_5$ change substantially, we have investigated the impact of the change in bond length on the exchange interaction and hence  on the values of the polarization.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=.37]{fig8}
\caption{\label{fig:tepola}Variation of polarization with $\Delta J_5$. Inset shows the  $J_5$ exchange path involving Te3 ions.}
\end{figure}
The exchange interaction $J_3$  involve  Fe-O-Fe, super exchange pathway and therefore obey the Anderson-Goodenough-Kanamori rules. When the Fe-Fe distance in the $J_3$ exchange path is reduced, not only the $J_3$ increases but also the value of the polarization increases, indicating the importance of this super exchange path on polarization. High resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction however did not detect significant structural changes for this bond.\cite{henaarxiv}  Next we have investigated the $J_5$ exchange path involving the Te ions. In Ref. \onlinecite{henaarxiv}, it is reported that  the only sizable change in the LT-IC phase corresponds to the shortening of Fe2-Te3 distance in the  $J_5$ exchange pathway.  In order to  see how the displacement of Te3 ions affect the exchange interaction $J_5$ and in turn its effect on the electric polarization, we have changed the distance between Fe2-Te3 ($d_1$) (also the distance $d_2$ between Fe2-Te3) (see inset of Fig.~\ref{fig:tepola}) and computed the exchange interaction $J_5$ and the ferroelectic polarization.   In Fig. \ref{fig:tepola}, we have plotted the polarization as a function of the  change in exchange interaction $\Delta J_5$ (between the distorted and the experimental structure). $\Delta J_5$ may be considered as a  measure of spin phonon interaction mediated by the Te ions. Polarization increases as $\Delta J_5$ is increased and this polarization originates from the spin phonon coupling corresponding to the $J_5$ exchange pathway. Our calculations reveal polarizable lone pairs enhance the spin phonon coupling upon exchange striction in the AFM1 phase which in turn lead to  ferroelectric polarization.
In order to check the role of Te ions in the polarization we have carried out constrained ionic relaxation calculation in which positions of Te ions were kept fixed and other ionic positions were allowed to relax for the AFM1 configuration with $U_{eff}=4$ eV.  The value of polarization  is calculated to be 102 $\mu$C/$m^2$, substantially reduced  from the porarization (187.8 $\mu$C/$m^2$) calculated for the relaxed structure where Te ions are also moved from their centrosymmetric positions. This result suggests that exchange striction within the Fe tetramers as well as between them mediated by Te ions, are responsible for the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in FeTe$_2$O$_5$Br.  Interestingly the magnetic ordering also triggers the stereochemical activity of Te ions, giving rise to a feedback mechanism.
\begin{table}[h]
\begin{center}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\caption{\label{tab:polarization} Calculated electric polarization with AFM1 magnetic configuration with different value of Coulomb interaction parameter $U_{eff}$  for the relaxed structure are listed here.}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
$U_{eff}$ values (eV) & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Polarization ($\mu$C/$m^2$)} \\
\hline
1 & 217.7  \\
2 & 208.0  \\
3 & 198.0  \\
4 & 187.8  \\
5 & 177.7  \\
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\section{Conclusions}
We have investigated the electronic properties of a multiferroic compound ${\rm FeTe_2O_5Br}$ by using density functional theory to elucidate the role of Te ions on the ferroelectric polarization of this system.  We find that, in the absence of magnetism the system remains centrosymmetric due to the antipolar orientation of the Te lone pairs that does not promote structural distortion.   The results from our calculations reveal that  FeTe$_{2}$O$_{5}$Br is an improper multiferroic where exchange striction within the Fe tetramers as well as between them is  responsible for the magnetoelectric (ME) effect.
We find that the electric polarization is very sensitive to the $J_5$ exchange path involving the polarizable Te$^{4+}$ lone pairs.
 Te -5$s$ lone pairs show stereochemical activity only when the polarization is triggered by the magnetic ordering.

\section{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}
I.\ D.\  thanks the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for financial support, and J.\ C.\ thanks CSIR, India (Grant No. 09/080(0615)/2008-EMR -1) for funding through a research fellowship.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The Knight's Lance has been slowly rolling out the list of Rookie Ticket Autograph SP's found in 10-11 Playoff Contenders Hockey. Today Panini revealed the last short print in this Rookie Card series.
Here is the complete list of short printed Rookie Ticket Autographs.
These autos are numbered to 399 or less. If you want to see what these cards look like, use this link to head over to The Knight's Lance.


A new report from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities says Wisconsin is spending about 11% less on K-12 public education than it did in 2008.
"Public investment in K-12 schools — crucial for communities to thrive and the U.S. economy to offer broad opportunity — has declined dramatically in a number of states over the last decade. Worse, most of the deepest-cutting states (including Wisconsin) have also cut income tax rates, weakening their main revenue source for supporting schools," according to the report.
Wisconsin's K-12 state funding, inflation-adjusted, fell 11.5% between 2008 and 2014.
State general funding, inflation-adjusted, per student in Wisconsin fell 10.6% from 2008 to 2016-17 (the current school year).
"Restoring school funding should be an urgent priority. Steep state-level K-12 spending cuts have serious consequences," the report concludes.
Public investment in K-12 schools – crucial for communities to thrive and the U.S. economy to offer broad opportunity – has declined dramatically in a number of states over the last decade. Public investment in K-12 schools has declined dramatically in a number of states over the last decade.Worse, most of the deepest-cutting states have also cut income tax rates, weakening their main revenue source for supporting schools.


text:
Ford Injects Hip-Hop Styling Into New Vehicles
Auto maker Ford is attempting to crack the "urban" market, attempting to make their vehicles more edgy.After developing partnerships with Sean "P. Diddy" Combs and Funk Master Flex to produce customized limited edition Lincoln Navigators, the company's Vice President of Designs said future Ford vehicles would have more "urban styling.""Urban is directly related to hip-hop and hip-hop is the driver here," J Mays, Vice President of Designs told Autoweek. "I'm talking about P. Diddy, Lil Kim, Eminem, droopy jeans, bling, bling. It's cool no matter which side of Eight Mile you happen to call home."The company debuted various new designs at the 2003 Detroit Auto Show. New models such as the 2006 Ford Futura and the 2005 Mustang were unveiled, as well as the Bronco SUV, which will be marketed to compete with the Jeep Wrangler."It's overt, and it's in your face, and it's a little scary, and it's a little dangerous," Mays continued. "It can be at times even a little vulgar. But I think that's sort of the world we live in right now."
I've always loved ford cars, they are amazing and the interior of them is good as well. I got to know about this feature from https://www.texascountryford.com/. And I was actually excited to read more about it.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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UCC Becomes First Mainline Church to Endorse Gay Marriage
CP Church & Ministries | Tuesday, July 05, 2005
The United Church of Christ, the first mainline Protestant denomination to ordain an openly homosexual minister 35 years ago, became the first to endorse same-sex marriage within its pews.
By Pauline J. Chang, Christian Post Reporter | Tuesday, July 05, 2005
The United Church of Christ, the first mainline Protestant denomination to ordain an openly homosexual minister 35 years ago, became the first to endorse same-sex marriage within its pews Monday.
Roughly 80 percent of the liberal denomination's 884-member General Synod voted to approve the resolution, which calls on member churches to consider wedding policies "that do not discriminate against couples based on gender."
The resolution also asks churches to consider supporting same-sex marriage laws outside the church by working against legislation banning gay marriage.
According to a UCC press release, the denomination's president, Rev. John H. Thomas, said his church "acted courageously to declare freedom."
"On this July Fourth the General Synod of the United Church of Christ has acted courageously to declare freedom, affirming marriage equality, affirming the civil rights of same gender couples to have their relationships recognized as marriages by the state, and encouraging our local churches to celebrate and bless those marriages," said Thomas.
However, not all were in favor of the controversial move.
A small group of traditionalists had proposed an alternative resolution defining marriage as between a man and a woman, which did not pass.
The Rev. Brett Becker, who penned the resolution, said earlier this year that he knew his resolution "does not have the slightest chance of passing," but hoped it would be used to bring reform to the ultra-liberal church.
"I'm hoping God might use [the measure] to change some people's minds," said Becker, pastor at St. Paul United Church of Christ in Cibolo.
Now, Becker – one of only a handful of remaining evangelical pastors in the UCC – says the passage of Monday's resolution may force him to leave.
"I would like to see us stay in the denomination and network for positive change," Becker said to the Associated Press. "However, many of my members have expressed very clearly that this decision would cause great consternation and that, if this happened, they would want to see us leave."
Becker also does not believe Monday's vote was representative of the wishes of most laity.
"If we had put it to a vote of the people in the pews, it would have failed overwhelmingly," he said. "This is truly Independence Day for the UCC — we have declared ourselves independent from the teachings of Jesus and the clear teachings of Scripture."
The United Church of Christ was formed in 1957 and has remained traditionally strong in the New England area. The denomination claims to have 1.3 million members in 5,700 congregations.
Like many other mainline denominations, UCC churches are autonomous, meaning the General Synod, which meets once every 2 years - cannot create policy for its congregations. However, each General Synod is recognized as the representative voice of the churches.
In the early 1970s, the UCC became the first mainline church to ordain an openly gay minister. Ten years later, the church declared itself to be "open and affirming" of gays and lesbians.
The 2005 General Synod is being held from July 1-5 in Atlanta, Georgia.
Monday's resolution reads:
The marriage equality resolution (1) affirms equal marriage rights for couples regardless of gender and declares that the government should not interfere with couples regardless of gender who choose to marry and share fully in the rights, responsibilities and commitment of legally recognized marriage; (2)affirms equal access to the basic rights, institutional protections and quality of life conferred by the recognition of marriage, (3) calls for an end to rhetoric that fuels hostility, misunderstanding, fear and hatred expressed toward gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender persons, (4) asks officers of the church to communicate the resolution to local, state and national legislators, urging them to support equal marriage rights, (5) calls upon all settings of the church to engage in serious, respectful and prayerful discussion of the covenantal relationship of marriage and equal marriage rights, (6) calls upon congregations, after prayerful, biblical, theological, and historical study, to consider adopting Wedding Policies that do not discriminate against couples based on gender, and (7) urges congregations and individuals of the UCC to prayerfully consider and support local, state and national legislation to grant equal marriage rights to couples regardless of gender, and to work again legislation, including constitutional amendments, which denies rights to couples based on gender.
More In Church & Ministries
Pastor Michael Todd draws ire for wiping spit on congregant's face during sermon
This week in Christian history: Infant baptism debate, St. Anthony dies
Head of Nigerian ministry shares challenges, blessings of reaching the unreached with the Gospel


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InfoSec News Nuggets
InfoSec News Nuggets – February 11, 2019
By DevonOn February 11, 2019 February 11, 2019
Foreign VPN apps need a close look from DHS, senators say
The Department of Homeland Security should assess the security threat posed by foreign VPN applications to U.S. government employees, a bipartisan pair of senators says. Some popular VPN apps send a phone's web-browsing data to servers in countries interested in targeting federal personnel, raising "the risk that user data will be surveilled by those foreign governments," Sens. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., and Ron Wyden, D-Ore., wrote in a letter to DHS Thursday. VPN providers promise to obfuscate the physical location of a web browser, but users are generally at the mercy of those companies' decisions to collect and log data. The senators cite government warnings about products made by Chinese telecommunications companies and Russian antivirus vendor Kaspersky Lab as examples of the surveillance that certain foreign technology can enable.
Movie and TV-tracking service Trakt belatedly discovers 2014 breach
The California-based company, which allows viewers to track the programs and films they watch, reportedly sent an email to its subscribers informing them that an unauthorized party used a PHP programming language exploit back in December 2014 to capture user data. "Although this happened in 2014, we only recently discovered this, and wanted to promptly provide notice as part of our commitment to your privacy," the email states, according to multiple news outlets. Trakt advises recipients to look out for a second email with a link to reset their passwords. Affected information included users' emails, usernames, encrypted passwords, names and locations stored. Payment information was not impacted, however, because it was stored separately.
Apple is telling developers to disclose secret screen recordings or face 'immediate action'
Following revelations yesterday regarding the use of session replay tech among big-name travel apps that recode iPhone users' screens, Apple is now telling developers to either remove the code responsible or disclose it to users, according to a new report from TechCrunch. The punishment for failing to do so could be as severe as having the offending app forcibly removed from the App Store. Apple confirmed to the publication that its App Store Review Guidelines prohibit this kind of activity without first gaining proper consent from a user. "Protecting user privacy is paramount in the Apple ecosystem. Our App Store Review Guidelines require that apps request explicit user consent and provide a clear visual indication when recording, logging, or otherwise making a record of user activity," an Apple spokesperson tells TechCrunch.
Phishers Target Anti-Money Laundering Officers at U.S. Credit Unions
A highly targeted, malware-laced phishing campaign landed in the inboxes of multiple credit unions last week. The missives are raising eyebrows because they were sent only to specific anti-money laundering contacts at credit unions, and many credit union sources say they suspect the non-public data may have been somehow obtained from the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), an independent federal agency that insures deposits at federally insured credit unions. The USA Patriot Act, passed in the wake of the terror attacks of Sept 11, 2001, requires all financial institutions to appoint at least two Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) contacts responsible for reporting suspicious financial transactions that may be associated with money laundering. U.S. credit unions are required to register these BSA officers with the NCUA.
'Drinkable' potato chips: the products keeping your phone grease-free
Among the concerns facing today's social media maven: how can one scroll through Instagram and enjoy a bag of potato chips without getting their phone all greasy? t's a dilemma Steve Jobs was never able to solve, but that hasn't stopped today's innovators. A Japanese snack company is offering chips that require only a single hand to consume – and you don't have to touch the chips at all. The Tokyo company Koike-ya is behind One Hand Chips, which come pre-smashed so that you can essentially drink them, according to the Wall Street Journal. Now you can swipe with clean hands, and while the calories pile up, you don't have to waste valuable energy chewing. As one enthusiast tells the paper: "I can just take it and chug it."
Google makes it easier for cheap phones and smart devices to encrypt your data
Encryption is an important part of the whole securing-your-data package, but it's easy to underestimate the amount of complexity it adds to any service or device. One part of that is the amount of processing encryption takes — an amount that could be impractical on small or low-end devices. Google wants to change that with a highly efficient new method called Adiantum. Here's the problem. While encryption is in a way just transforming one block of data reversibly into another, that process is actually pretty complicated. Math needs to be done, data read and written and reread and rewritten and confirmed and hashed. For a text message that's not so hard. But if you have to do the same thing as you store or retrieve megabyte after megabyte of data, for instance with images or video, that extra computation adds up quick.
AT&T sued by Sprint, must defend decision to tell users that 4G is "5G E"
Sprint is suing AT&T, alleging that AT&T's misleading "5G E" advertising campaign violates laws prohibiting false advertising and deceptive acts and practices. AT&T renamed a large portion of its 4G network, calling it "5G E," for "5G Evolution." But as we've written, what AT&T calls 5G E consists of technologies that are part of the years-old 4G LTE-Advanced standard and are already used by Verizon, T-Mobile, and Sprint on their 4G networks. Despite that, AT&T has been advertising this supposed upgrade to 5G E and even changing network indicators on smartphones from 4G to 5G E. "By making the false claim that it is offering a 5G wireless network where it offers only a 4G LTE Advanced network, AT&T is attempting to secure an unfair advantage in the saturated wireless market," Sprint wrote in a complaint filed yesterday in US District Court for the Southern District of New York.
Microsoft security chief: IE is not a browser, so stop using it as your default
Is Internet Explorer (IE) a browser? According to Microsoft, no. Today, it's a 'compatibility solution' for enterprise customers to deal with legacy sites that should be updated for modern browsers. Chris Jackson, Microsoft's worldwide lead for cybersecurity, really doesn't want enterprise customers to use IE for all web traffic, even though for some organizations that would be the easiest option. Companies in that situation are willing to take on 'technical debt', such as paying for extended support for a legacy software, but that habit needs to stop in the case of IE, argues Jackson in a new blog post, 'The perils of using Internet Explorer as your default browser'.
U.S. must prevent air accidents involving drones, lawmaker warns
The commercial drone industry could be torpedoed if there were a serious accident involving a drone and a commercial aircraft, the chairman of the U.S. House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee warned on Friday. Representative Peter DeFazio, a Democrat, said at a speech in Washington that regulators had to take the threat seriously. "This is really serious when these things are flying around and it could kill the commercial drone industry," DeFazio said, adding that if a toy drone "takes down a plane" there would be public outcry to ground the devices. The issue of threats by drones to commercial air traffic came to the fore after London's second busiest airport, Gatwick Airport, was severely disrupted in December when drones were sighted on three consecutive days.
Spotify will now suspend or terminate accounts it finds are using ad blockers
Spotify will take a harder stance on ad blockers in its updated terms of service. In an email to users today, the streaming music and podcast platform said its new user guidelines "mak[e] it clear that all types of ad blockers, bots and fraudulent streaming activities are not permitted." Accounts that use ad blockers in Spotify face immediate suspension or termination under the new terms of service, which go into effect on March 1. The new guidelines specify that "circumventing or blocking advertisements in the Spotify Service, or creating and distributing tools designed to block advertisements in the Spotify Service" may now result in "immediate termination or suspension of your Spotify account." Ad blockers have long been a headache for Spotify.
Google's top policy chief calls for 'common rules of the road' globally for tech regulation
Google's top policy chief has called for "common rules of the road" globally when it comes to the regulation of technology, amid ongoing debate around the world on how to create legislation for the internet economy. Karan Bhatia, vice president of global public policy and government relations at Google, said that while a one size fits all approach to regulation would not work, he would welcome some "convergence" of regulation globally. "Some coordination on this, some level of collaboration, I think is going to be absolutely critical. We are very supportive of international efforts on multiple fronts to sort of create that level of dialogue and ideally common rules of the road," Bhatia said during a CNBC-hosted panel at the World Government Summit in Dubai on Sunday.
Instagram and Facebook will start censoring 'graphic images' of self-harm
Starting soon, both platforms will no longer allow any "graphic images of self-harm" most notably those that depict cutting. This content was previously allowed because the platforms worked under the assumption that allowing people to connect and confide around these issues was better than the alternative. After a "comprehensive review with global experts and academics on youth, mental health and suicide prevention," those policies are shifting. "… It was advised that graphic images of self-harm – even when it is someone admitting their struggles – has the potential to unintentionally promote self-harm," Mosseri said.
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text:
A child's legal rights At a glance
More on children's rights
The law and children working
Bedroom sharing and moving out
What is a child?
In England, Northern Ireland and Wales, a child is someone who has not yet reached their 18th birthday. Once they turn 18, they are legally an adult.
In most situations in Scotland, a child is defined as someone who is under 18. But in some contexts, for example in some parts of the child protection system, a child is defined as a person under 16 years of age.
There are also different laws across the UK that specify age limits for young people in different circumstances. These include leaving school; leaving care; the age of consent; and the age of criminal responsibility.
Read more about legal definitions
Legal definition of a child and their rights by law, and the ages at which certain rules apply.
Read up on legal definitions
What the law says about children working
Information on children, employment and the law, including legislation, school-leavers, babysitting, work experience placements and apprenticeships.
Find out what the law says
Information and guidance on children sharing bedrooms and legislation on what age a child can leave home.
On average, a child contacts Childline every 25 seconds. Donate now and help protect children today and prevent abuse from happening tomorrow.


I AM writing regarding moving to a new home in Cambourne. Apparently, on each house you occupy as a new build, you have to arrange for waste and recycling bins to be ordered from the environmental department of South Cambridgeshire District Council.
A charge of £60 is levied for delivery. You are not allowed to collect the bins as the council has decreed that it is not a designated public access area.
In addition to this, the council has confirmed that bins can be ordered only when you move in and the delivery takes around two weeks. During those two weeks you have to take your household rubbish to the local tip (eight miles away).
So we have a situation where we pay £60, have a delay of two weeks, rubbish during that time is to be taken to the local landfill tip at our cost, we are unable to recycle during that period, potentially attract vermin through rubbish being left out to the elements and then the cost of the carbon footprint by having to take over four to five trips during that period in a car to the landfill.
This charging system was agreed by the councillors at a meeting a while ago. We wonder whether they care about the ordering process and the delays. It also brings into question the reasonable access to council land where we may be able to collect the bins. Don't we taxpayers contribute to the local council, paying for an efficient service that we should receive?
The reality is that, as a family that cares about the environment and the potential carbon and environmental cost associated with a process that doesn't work properly, we, like many other families moving into the area, pay a stealth tax. Where does the money go for that?
South Cambridgeshire District Council should be held accountable for such a bad environmental service to its customers and reconsider the appropriate "green credentials" it aspires to.


text:
Ярки́ () — присілок у складі Ханти-Мансійського району Ханти-Мансійського автономного округу Тюменської області, Росія. Входить до складу Шапшинського сільського поселення.

Населення — 215 осіб (2010, 190 у 2002).

Національний склад станом на 2002 рік: росіяни — 69 %.

Примітки

Джерела

Посилання
 На Вікімапії

Населені пункти Ханти-Мансійського району
Присілки Ханти-Мансійського автономного округу

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Southern charm season premiere date first look daily dish is one images from stunning 46 images south charms of Baxters Homes photos gallery. This image has dimension 600x600 Pixel and File Size 486 KB, you can click the image above to see the large or full size photo. Previous photo in the gallery is twitter juan kerr violet reese southern charms. For next photo in the gallery is jpeg violet crush southern charms share knownledge. You are viewing image #19 of 46, you can see the complete gallery at the bottom below.


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Where is Justin Johnson, aka Straight Drop?
by: David Royer
MEMPHIS, Tenn. — The search is still on for Justin Johnson, the man named by federal authorities as a suspect in the murder case of rapper Young Dolph.
Over the weekend, the Instagram account for Straight Drop, the stage name Johnson uses as a rapper, contained a post saying he would turn himself to Shelby County authorities on Monday, and that he was innocent.
But apparently, that didn't happen. Instead, a new music video by Straight Drop premiered on the rapper's Instagram account and an associated Youtube page at noon Central time Monday.
The video contained shots of the Bass Pro Shop in downtown Memphis, and was filmed in front of a Quik Stop gas station, though the location of that gas station was not clear.
By Tuesday morning, the Straight Drop Instagram account was not available online.
Suspect wanted in Young Dolph murder
Justin Johnson was not listed in the Shelby County Jail log Tuesday, and social media accounts for the US Marshals and Memphis Police have not posted that there has been any arrest or capture.
The Marshals' Twitter account still contained the post from Jan. 6 offering a $15,000 reward for information.
An attorney believed to represent Johnson has not yet returned a phone call requesting information.
Johnson has been added to TBI's "Most Wanted" list. The TBI is also offering a $2,500 reward for information leading to an arrest.
According to law enforcement, Johnson is about five feet, eight inches tall weighing about 190 pounds. He also has the name "Jaiya" tattooed on his right arm.
Adolph Thornton Jr., better known as Young Dolph, was shot and killed Nov. 17 at a cookie store on Airways in the South Memphis neighborhood where he grew up.
Photos from surveillance video released by Memphis Police show two armed men outside the store. So far, Johnson is the only suspect in the case who has been identified by authorities.


If you value security and privacy you will love to use one of the inbuilt function called factory restore , factory restore option allow user or customer to return their smartphone back to factory without the help of any technician. Many times when our phone bring up issue we don't always know what to do rather you can try restoring back to factory designed, all smartphone has this function and it is very easy to go about.
Just as I said performing reset wiped all data on your phone and make it clean just as you buy it so if you're selling your iPhone or iPad, or getting it repaired, you'll want to remove all your email, photos, videos, notes, passwords and any other personal data.
Note; It always being advisable to make back up before you go on resetting your iPhone or iPad because once you restore is make you wont be able to get your data or personal information back.
Whether you're selling your iPhone or taking it for repair you should reset it to delete your accounts - including your Apple ID, Facebook, ebay, email and other accounts - and remove all your content including apps, photos and music. Here's how to reset an iPhone, iPad and iPod touch to factory settings.
Reset an iPhone or iPad using Settings, General, Reset, Erase all content and settings. You will be prompted to enter your passcode and Apple ID before the process completes.
If your phone has locked up and you just want to restart it but none of the buttons work, then hold the power button and home button down at the same time until the device turns off and you see the Apple logo. Then let go and your phone or iPad will be back to normal.
Once that's done, you can begin the reset process. It's also worth remembering to remove your SIM card before you pass on the iPhone or iPad on, as this may have information stored on it, and you might want to continue using it in a new phone or tablet.
Here we've used an iPhone running iOS 9 but it's exactly the same on an iPad and a very similar process in older versions.
Step 2. Tap Erase All Content and Settings. Depending on whether you've set a Passcode and / or a Restrictions Passcode (they are different) you might have to enter that code or password in order to erase and reset it. There is no way to reset the device unless you enter the code(s).
Step 3. Now you will have to enter your Apple ID password. This is so the account can be removed from your device, and Find My iPhone can be switched off. If you merely restore an iPhone via iTunes, you'll be asked to enter the Apple ID and password when it reboots. Resetting it using the method we're describing here will prevent the iPhone asking for an Apple ID when it restarts.
Step 4. The reset process can take a minute or two, after which you'll see the welcome screen asking you to swipe to continue. It's then ready to be sold on or taken to an Apple Store for repair.
If you follow this steps then you should have been able to restore your phone back to factory functions. Feel free to share this post and leave comment below.


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Airbus revamping its compliance controls
Airbus announced this month the establishment of an independent review panel to help improve its compliance controls and culture, as the European aircraft maker faces numerous investigations into allegations of bribery and corruption across several countries.
In its 2016 annual report, Airbus said it's facing a series of investigation over bribery allegations in Austria, Greece, Germany, Indonesia, Pakistan, Romania, Thailand, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Additionally, the U.K. Serious Fraud Office (SFO) is investigating Airbus subsidiary GPT concerning a service contract in Saudi Arabia that pre-dated the acquisition by Airbus in 2007.
Last year, too, Airbus disclosed it was under coordinated investigations by the SFO and France's Parquet National Financier (PNF) into allegations of fraud, bribery, and corruption in its civil aviation business relating to self-reported misstatements and omissions concerning third-party consultants. "We have been cooperating fully with the investigations that ensued and further improving our compliance system is obviously our number one priority now," Airbus CEO Tom Enders stated.
"However, to embed irreproachable behaviours in all our business undertakings sustainably, we must take a hard look at both our systems and our culture," Enders added. "That's why we have chosen to elect highly experienced independent experts to challenge and guide us going forward."
The newly established Independent Compliance Review Panel (ICRP) is made up of members all well-versed in compliance monitoring of large corporations. Furthermore, they will have access to all levels of the company and will report to Embers and the board on how to further improve Airbus' compliance processes, policies, organisation, and culture.
The ICRP will be made up of the following members:
Lord Gold: A senior litigator with extensive experience working with corporations, governments, and regulators around the world, and who reviewed Rolls-Royce's global anti-corruption compliance policies following bribery allegations in various countries.
Noëlle Lenoir: Former French Minister of European Affairs and a member of the Conseil d'Etat, France's highest court in administrative and tax matters.
Theodor Waigel: Germany's former Federal Minister of Finance of Germany and a former outside compliance monitor for Siemens.
"Lord Gold, Noëlle Lenoir, and Theo Waigel will support us in our ongoing efforts to put in place a meaningful change programme which addresses the issues that have been identified," Enders said.
Review of business partner relationships. In response to its regulatory investigations and commercial disputes, Airbus said in its annual report that it's in the process of enhancing "certain of its policies, procedures, and practices, including ethics and compliance."
Specifically, it is in the process of revising and implementing improved procedures, including its engagement of third parties, and particularly with respect to sales-support activities. Airbus said it is also "conducting enhanced due diligence as a pre-condition for future or continued engagement and to inform decisions on corresponding payments."
Airbus said it has "engaged legal, investigative, and forensic accounting expertise of the highest calibre to undertake a comprehensive review of all relevant third-party business consultant relationships and related subject matters." Together, Airbus stated, these experts are using advanced software tools to analyse massive amounts of electronic and hard copy documents as part of the investigation.
Airbus said it will take "appropriate action against those found to have engaged in any wrongdoing or misconduct." John Harrison, general counsel and head of the legal and compliance team at Airbus, leads the enhancements to the compliance programme and in supporting authorities with the investigations.
AirAsia on defense after Airbus-related bribery allegations
AirAsia is doing damage control after executives at the budget airline were referenced as recipients of a $50 million bribe from plane maker Airbus in the latter's $4 billion global bribery settlement.
Airbus resolves global bribery scandal for record $4B
Airbus has agreed to pay a total of $4 billion in penalties split between the United States, United Kingdom, and France—the world's largest global resolution for bribery.
Airbus announces resolution of global corruption case
Airbus confirmed it has reached a deal with authorities in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France to resolve long-running allegations of bribery and corruption. The settlement could reportedly be worth billions.


How Does Nashville Junk Removal Pricing Work?
When calling around for the best Nashville junk removal pricing you should receive professional level service found in other household services. A junk removal company in Nashville should professionally answer the phone and be able to give you a range of price with an accurate explanation. They should let explain that prices quoted over the phone are estimates and will be confirmed upon viewing the job. Many junk removal companies will only tell you the minimum cost over the phone to get the appointment. In those cases , when at the appointment, the junk removal company often quotes an extremely high price counting on the customer to accept it and pay. This proves the saying, "If it sounds to good to be true it probably is." Junk Removal Nashville will ask for an accurate description of the junk to be removed and we will give you a fair and accurate ballpark of the price. If you are comfortable with the ballpark price we will set the appointment and meet at your property. We provide a 2 hour window of arrival and will even give you a call when on the way. When arriving and viewing the job we will provide you with the price quote which should be within the ballpark of the phone estimate as long as the items are as described and barring any extenuating circumstances.
Junk Removal Nashville will give you a realistic price quote and remove of your junk and trash in an environmentally responsible way. Give Junk Removal Nashville a call to get your FREE price quote over the phone, and take the first step to get rid of your junk.
Get Your FREE Nashville Junk Removal Pricing Now!
Simply fill out the form below and we will get back to you asap.


Online cigar retailer Smoke Inn has become well-known for their Microblend Series, a collection of limited edition cigars sold exclusively through the Smoke Inn online shop. The series draws inspiration from the craft beer industry, building small batch, custom blends in collaboration with the industry's leading manufacturers.
The first cigar in the now-legendary Microblend Series was Tatuaje Anarchy. The cigars feature a dark, Ecuadorian Hanabo wrapper over Nicaraguan fillers, crafted at the My Father Cigars factory in Estelí. Known for bold packaging and equally bold flavors, the cigars also showcased an attractive Salomon vitola and an over-the-top, cinnamon bun-style pigtail cap! The cigars remain the most popular Microblend release and have seen 2 sequels—an altered Anarchy Apaolypse in 2012, and a full re-release of the original blend and size in 2015.


Title Potential impacts of climate change in the United States [electronic resource].
Description 25 p. : ill., maps. ; 28 cm.
Note "Robert Shackleton ... wrote the paper"--Pref.
"Pub. no. 3044"--P.  of cover.
Bibliography Includes bibliographical references (p. 18-25).
Contents Introduction -- The link between emissions and climate -- Potential impacts of climate change -- Policy implications of uncertainty -- Endnotes -- Figures -- Box.
Form Also available via the Internet; current access via PURL.
Subject Climatic changes -- United States -- Forecasting.
Climatic changes -- Economic aspects -- United States.
Global warming -- Environmental aspects.
United States -- Climate -- Forecasting.
Environmental Health -- trends -- United States.
Ecology -- trends -- United States.
Geography -- economics -- United States.
Greenhouse Effect -- United States.


Greer voting precincts are in Greenville and Spartanburg counties.
Billionaire Donald Trump, the GOP front-runner remains the front-runner in statewide polls and is expected to capture the majority of the state's 50 delegates.
Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio are in a close race for second with Jeb Bush, Ben Carson and John Kasich also on the ballot.
The outcome of Saturday's primary is expected to reduce the field by at least one and maybe two candidates.
Polls open 7 a.m. and close at 7 p.m. Voters may only vote in one primary. The Democratic Primary is next Saturday, Feb. 27.


Elsa And Jack Frost Winter Dating is a dress up game on Elsagames.org. You can play Elsa And Jack Frost Winter Dating in your browser for free. In this game, you have to take care of princess Elsa and Jack Frost because they are going to have a date and they must look beautiful to impress every body. It is winter so you have to find some warm clothes for our heroes, but also something trendy because they want to impress. Princess Elsa is going to be the first one who you have to dress up in this beautiful game appeared only here. In this creativity game, you can find a lot of colors and patters from in every category: shoes, clothes and accessories for princess Elsa who needs your help. Use your mouse in this game to take care of Elsa, to make her look great for the date. When you finish her outfit you can move on to the next level where you have to dress up Jack Frost. You need a pair of pants, a shirt or something for the top side of the body, accessories and the outfit is complete. you can see the lovers at the romantic date at the end of this game. Have fun!


Lace bugs are small insects that infest azaleas, rhododendrons, mountain laurels, and andromeda. Fortunately, no matter what type of plant you have, you can use water, oil, chemicals, and even soil solutions to get rid of them. Early action is more effective at stopping infestations. If you notice your vibrant leaves turning pale, it may be time to take action.
Rinse plants that have a minor infestation. If you only notice a few lace bugs per leaf, you might be able to use a hose to get rid of them. Make sure your hose has a strong stream of water, and spray down the plant to wash the bugs away.
Spray insecticides onto the bottom of leaves. Lace bugs and their larva often feed on the bottom of leaves, so you will need to spray the insecticide directly onto the undersides of the leaves. Start in late spring when the eggs first hatch, and reapply every ten to fourteen days.
You can use an insecticidal soap, but make sure you spray the bugs directly with it. Pesticides, such as pyrethrin or neem oil, also work.
Insecticides will kill nymphs and adults but not eggs.
Apply horticultural oil in the fall to kill eggs. The eggs appear as black spots along the veins of the leaf. These cannot be killed with insecticides, but they can be killed with horticultural oil. Spray it along the underside of each leaf in the fall.
Apply neonicotinoids to the soil if other methods haven't worked. Neonicotinoids include imidacloprid and dinotefuran. When added to the soil, the plant may absorb the substances, which can keep the plant bug free for a whole season. These typically come as a granule or as a concentration.
If you have a granule version, sprinkle it around the base of the plant. Water the plant afterwards.
If you have a concentration, follow the instructions on the label to mix it with water. Pour it evenly around the base, and water the plant afterwards.
Keep in mind that neonicotinoids may also kill off beneficial bugs.
Examine the leaves. You only need to treat plants that are currently infested with lace bugs. Lace bugs cause white spots to appear on the leaf. The larger your infestation, the paler your leaves will become. A few white dots may mean a small infestation while leaves that are almost completely white indicate a much larger problem.
The underside of the leaf may be covered in dark excrement.
Do this every two weeks, starting in early spring and ending in late summer.
Check the undersides of leaves to look for the bugs. There are three different stages of a lace bug's life. If you can reduce their numbers in early spring while they are still nymphs, you may be able to prevent an infestation in summer.
Eggs are small, black, and oval. Three generations of eggs can be laid in one year, beginning in spring and ending in fall. Fall eggs will hatch next spring.
Nymphs are small. They may have black, spotted markings, and they have not developed wings yet. Nymphs can hatch as early as April and as late as September.
Adults have large wings with a lacy pattern. They may start appearing in early summer.
Monitor for early leaf drop. Severe infestations may cause the plant's leaves to drop early. At this point, you should use heavier pesticides to eliminate the lace bugs. New leaves should grow back as long as the infestation is handled.
Move your plants into partial shade. Lace bugs enjoy the sun. If your plants are currently in a sunny area, move them to an area with partial shade.
Use acidic mulch. An acidic mulch may encourage lace bugs to stay away. Use one that contains oak leaves, pine bark, pine needles, or leaf mold.
Avoid mulch that includes shredded hardwood, as it won't be very acidic.
Lace bugs can also affect trees, such as sycamore trees and evergreens.
To control lace bugs in your flower garden, try rinsing your plants with a strong garden hose stream to wash them away. You can also spray the bottom of your leaves with insecticides every couple of weeks, which is where lace bugs often feed. If you still find lace bugs in your garden, try applying an insecticide called neonicotinoid to your soil to get rid of them. However, bear in mind that this may also kill off beneficial bugs too. Alternatively, you can move your plants into partial shade, as lace bugs enjoy being in the sun. For more tips, including how to use acidic mulch to deter lace bugs, read on!
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 1,787 times.


text:
SLNSW-Pitt Street, at the corner of King Street, lookin...-nmQazRxn
Pitt Street, at the corner of King Street, looking south; showing Commercial Bank of Australia building
Full title: Pitt Street, at the corner of King Street, looking south; showing Commercial Bank of Australia building
Author/creator: Hood, Sam, 1872-1953.
Date: January 1938.
Call Numbers: Home and Away - 9002
Record Identifier: nmQazRxn
Contents: Photographs - 35 mm. - 1 film photonegative (copied from original nitrate photonegative)
Notes: View taken for "The Argus" and "The Australasian". Digital order no:hood_09002
Permalink: https://collection.sl.nsw.gov.au/record/nmQazRxn
Home and Away - 9002
nmQazRxn
https://collection.sl.nsw.gov.au/record/nmQazRxn
Hood, Sam, 1872-1953
Commercial Bank of Australia (194 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S.W.) Lowes (Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S.W.) Pitt Street (Sydney, N.S.W.) banks cars footpaths historic buildings insurance industry streetscapes city & town streets tramways


Le Petit Paquebot: NUEVOS CURSOS ANTES DE NAVIDAD!
NUEVOS CURSOS ANTES DE NAVIDAD!
35 € SIN MATERIAL/ 50€ CON MATERIAL. (TRAER BASTIDOR, TELA RETOR, AGUJA PUNCH NEEDLE MODULABLE E HILOS DE BORDAD DE BOVINA DE LOS COLORES DEL DIBUJO).
35 € SIN MATERIAL/ 50€ CON MATERIAL. (TRAER LANA DE AFELTRAR BEIGE Y MARRÓN, AGUJAS DE AFELTRAR Y ALMOHADILLA DE GOMA ESPUMA).


Vroozi is best suited for mid-size and enterprise companies, who need an efficient, intuitive solution for improving procurement processes and managing spend.
We make business shopping and spend management effective and intuitive. Vroozi provides a 100% mobile experiences from requests all the way to supplier invoicing, so your process never stops progressing. We enable organizations to empower their employees, connect with their suppliers, and remain connected to their unified procurement platform from anywhere. Vroozi makes procurement ridiculously simple, beautiful, and mobile.
Pros: Watermark chose Vroozi's Procurement Platform due to its ability to quickly and easily create and manage catalogs and streamline the purchase processes. Vroozi smartOCI is an intuitive, mobile procurement platform that can be easily integrated with other software and processes. It's 100% cloud-based and mobile enabled solution makes setup extremely simple and allows users to perform procurement tasks from anywhere. With a flat monthly subscription fee and no transaction fees, data administration costs are greatly reduced.
Cons: I have honestly liked everything about this product.
Recommendations to other buyers: I recommend offering a training session and an additional training session for all users. While this is similar to an online shopping experience, there may be users with different computer skill sets. Offering a second training session or "ask me anything" session will help the adoption process because the users will feel more comfortable using the system. The "ask me anything" session offers users a chance for Q&A after they have used the system. Change can be difficult for some and having support is really important.


text:
GACA
GACA backs Saudi Airshow as strategic partner
The Saudi Aviation Club has announced a strategic partnership with the General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA) for the first Saudi International Airshow, to be held in Riyadh from March 12 to 14, 2019. The S
Saudi Arabia starts work on modern airport projects
Work has started on two modern airport projects at Al Jouf and Al Qurayat regions of Saudi Arabia aimed at accommodating the ever-increasing passenger traffic. This comes in line with its Saudi General Authority of Civil Aviation&
Gaca selects Sita for tech transformation at Saudi airports
Saudi Arabia's General Authority of Civil Aviation (Gaca) has selected global IT provider Sita to support the modernisation of the country's biggest airports, implementing a sweeping transformation of airport and communication techno
Privatisation of Saudi aviation sector 'to boost US ties'
Privatisation of Saudi Arabia's aviation sector will provide promising investment opportunities for solution providers to develop all aspects of airport infrastructure in the Kingdom, said an industry expert. Dr Mohanad AlSh
Flyadeal wins AOC; to launch flights on Sept 23
Flyadeal, the newly established low fare airline in Saudi Arabia, is set to commence operations next week, on September 23, marking Saudi National Day. The General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA) on Wednesday issued the new car
Riyadh airport modernisation work to start after Haj
Work on the project to modernise King Khalid International Airport (KKIA) in Riyadh will start soon after this Haj season, a senior official of Saudi Arabia's General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA) has said. The new projec
Saudi Gaca, Uber ink airport transportation deal
Saudi Arabia's General Authority of Civil Aviation (Gaca) and ride hailing app Uber have signed an agreement for dedicated Uber pick-up and drop-off locations at GACA managed airports across the kingdom over the next three months.
ADBC e-links with 36 federal, local departments
The Abu Dhabi Business Centre (ADBC) has complete e-linkages with each of the General Authority of Civil Aviation (Gaca) and the Abu Dhabi Ports, bringing to 36 the number of local and federal departments covered by the e-linkage project.
GIB Capital picked as lead financial advisor to Gaca
GIB Capital, a leading investment bank, acted as the lead financial advisor to the General Authority for Civil Aviation (Gaca) as Gaca signed concession contracts for private sector participation in several Saudi airports. GIB Cap


For over 30 years Raymond Brothers Landscaping has been recognized as a leading company for landscaping in Woodcliff Lake NJ. Founded in 1982 by Scott and Todd Raymond, and then fully incorporated by 1985, Raymond Brothers Landscaping initially had a customer following of residents only, offering full service landscape maintenance. Living by the Golden Rule not only with our clients but when it comes to our employees as well has become a big part of our success. Through word of mouth advertising from pleased clients, we were able to expand our business considerably in the mid 1990s. This constant communication between our customers led to growth outside residential landscaping and into other commercial ventures like shopping centers, banks, schools, restaurants as well as commercial properties. The need for matching our growth within the company to our external growth when supplying an increasing number of services is something we place a high-priority on at Raymond Brothers Landscaping. To this end, as we have grown we have made investments in cutting-edge machinery, dependable vehicles and trailers, and a more wide-ranging hiring and training program for our staff. For those needing a trusted landscaping service in Westwood NJ as well as the rest of the local region we've become such a top option thanks to every one of these variables, in addition to our knowledge, expertise and commitment to quality customer service.
As a highly-rated landscaper in Woodcliff Lake NJ, Raymond Brothers supplies a wide selection of landscaping services, such as landscape maintenance and design, landscape lighting, water features and even snow removal in the winter. You are able to count on us to cater to all of your needs for premium quality service for landscape design, construction as well as maintenance. We work hard to ensure your landscape has a life of beauty. At Raymond Brothers Landscaping we work hard to supply astonishing results to business and home owners alike by supplying professionalism, superior craftsmanship and excellent customer service for every client. We firmly believe that our landscaping is our logo, and strive to leave our signature look. While strolling around your property you'll have the ability to enjoy perfectly arranged and maintained lawns and walkways that are going to make beautiful paths for you to enjoy. You want to feel comfortable and happy about your landscaping and picking the correct plants, lawn as well as hardscape and water features are all important. Residential or commercial clients hoping to find a recommended choice for landscaping in Park Ridge NJ or the rest of the local region they are able to depend on can rest assured they're making the right choice.
Investing in landscaping in Woodcliff Lake NJ from an experienced professional is always a wise idea if you care about your property. It's vital to protect your investment taking into consideration how much property costs in the local area, and will only keep rising. You will have the ability to make sure your property is consistently looking the best it can by allowing Raymond Brothers Landscaping to take care of ongoing landscape maintenance. With our expert landscape design you will be certain to be the envy of everybody on the block. , but also because of the fact that having a beautiful landscape is going to make certain that your property value will increase. We have the ability to transform your property into a beautiful outdoor oasis which is going to be perfect for entertaining guests of simply relaxing. Raymond Brothers is able to supply you with landscaping in Westwood NJ which will give you the attractive outdoor oasis you've always dreamt of.
Raymond Brothers is a respected landscaping contractor in Hillsdale NJ equipped to handle all your landscape lighting needs. This service is commonly requested from our clients in the local area looking for something special when it comes to landscape design. If you're looking to entertain guests well into the evening on a beautiful summer night, this is going to be essential for you. Another advantage of landscape lighting is making sure your property is safe at night by illuminating all your walkways and pathways sufficiently. Raymond Brothers Landscaping has got you covered if you're looking for a landscaper in Washington Township NJ that can provide you with quality landscape lighting.
As a thriving landscaper in Woodcliff Lake NJ, Raymond Brothers Landscaping makes it simple for you to get in touch with us concerning your next landscaping project or snow removal services by contacting either 201-664-7270 or emailing us directly from our website. It is necessary, not simply for our customers, but also for our staff as well that our projects are done punctually as well as within the projected budget. So when you are trying to find a full service landscape maintenance service in Montvale NJ that additionally services that surrounding neighborhoods look no further then Raymond Brothers Landscaping. We are certain you're going to feel satisfied with our affordable prices along with the quality of the work you will receive. Help us give you a lawn or garden that you can enjoy for years to come, since your satisfaction is our main mission.


There are now nearly 3,500 substandard council-maintained road bridges in Great Britain, with only one in 10 likely to be repaired in the next five years.
And the estimated cost of clearing the bridge maintenance backlog has risen by 30%, an increase of a billion pounds.
Fresh results from the annual RAC Foundation bridge condition survey, supported by council directors' body ADEPT, show that 3,441 structures over 1.5m in span are not fit to carry the heaviest vehicles now seen on British roads, including lorries of up to 44 tonnes.
This represents 4.6% of the approximately 74,000 bridges on the local road network and is up on the 3,203 substandard bridges identified a year ago.
Many of these bridges have weight restrictions. Others will be under programmes of increased monitoring or even managed decline.
Steve Gooding, director of the RAC Foundation, called the news 'unwelcome, if unsurprising'.
'The road maintenance crisis faced by financially-beleaguered councils is often reported in terms of potholes to be filled but this research hints at the wide spectrum of things needing attention, including blocked gulleys, overgrown verges and, of course, fragile bridges,' he said.
The RAC Foundation said that councils would ideally want to bring 2,077 of the substandard bridges back up to standard but that budget restrictions mean that councils only anticipate 370 of these will have the necessary work carried out on them within the next five years.
Graham Cole, deputy chairman of the ADEPT National Bridges Group, said the increase in reported substandard bridges was probably due to more accurate data.
He said: 'Councils continue to effectively manage their bridges, including substandard bridges, in accordance with national guidelines to maintain the safety of the public.
While Devon County Council had the highest number of substandard bridges (249, representing 6% of its 3,867 bridges), all of Redbridge Council's 25 bridges are substandard.


text:
Caratteristiche tecniche
È un difensore centrale.

Carriera

Club
Cresciuto nel settore giovanile della , ha esordito in prima squadra il 4 luglio 2020 disputando da titolare l'incontro di Prem"jer-liha perso per 3-2 contro lo . Syrota fa il suo esordio in competizioni europee il 25 febbraio 2021 giocando l'incontro valido per i sedicesimi di finale di Europa League vinto 1-0 in casa del . L'8 agosto 2021 segna il suo primo gol da professionista, aprendo le marcature nel 2-1 finale, in occasione del match di campionato contro lo .

Nazionale
Nel 2017 è stato convocato per partecipare al Campionato europeo di calcio Under-17 2017 in Croazia. Tuttavia non viene mai impiegato da Serhij Popov. Nel 2020 viene convocato dalla nazionale Under-21 ed esordisce il 9 ottobre giocando da titolare la gara valida per le qualificazioni al campionato europeo di calcio Under-21 2021 vinta per 1-0 contro la . Nel marzo 2021 viene convocato per la prima volta da Andriy Shevchenko in nazionale maggiore per alcune partite valide per le qualificazioni al campionato mondiale di calcio 2022. Fa il suo esordio da titolare l'8 settembre 2021, disputando l'intero incontro amichevole contro la . L'11 novembre 2021 mette a segno la sua prima rete con la maglia dell'Ucraina, nell'1-1 contro la  in amichevole.

Statistiche
Statistiche aggiornate al 13 febbraio 2022.

Presenze e reti nei club

Cronologia presenze e reti in nazionale

Palmarès

Competizioni nazionali

Dinamo Kiev: 2019-2020, 2020-2021

Dinamo Kiev: 2020

Dinamo Kiev: 2020-2021

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Calciatori della Nazionale ucraina


text:
Iran drawn with Argentina in 2014 FIFA World Cup
National Iranian football team has been drawn with soccer powerhouse of Latin America, Argentina, the Giant of Africa, Nigeria, and debutant Bosnia and Herzegovina in Group F of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.
Iranians will open their competition at the international men's football tournament against Nigeria at the Arena da Baixada stadium in the southern Brazilian city of Curitiba on June 16 next year.
The Iranian squad will take on Argentines at the Estadio Mineirao in the city of Belo Horizonte on June 21.
Carlos Queiroz's men will face Bosnians at the Arena Fonte Nova stadium in Salvador on June 25 in their last group stage match.
The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be the 20th edition of the international sports event and is scheduled to take place from June 12 to July 13 in Brazil.
Brazil and Croatia will participate in the opening match at the Arena Corinthians in Sao Paulo.
The hosts have Croatia, Mexico and Cameroon for company in Group A, while Spain is drawn in Group B with Chile and Australia, as well as the Netherlands.
Colombia, Ivory Coast, Japan and Greece are together in Group C. Uruguay, Italy, Costa Rica and England comprise intriguing Group D.
Switzerland, Honduras, Ecuador and France make up Group E.
Group G looks set to be the 20th FIFA World Cup's 'Group of Death', containing Germany, Ghana, the United States and Portugal.
Belgium, South Korea, Algeria and Russia complete the draw in Group H.
The 2014 FIFA World Cup group stage matches will come to an end on June 26, with the first games of the round of 16 to take place only two days later in Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro.
The four quarterfinals will then be staged on July 4 and 5, while the semifinals will take place on July 8 and 9.
The final match will unfold at the cathedral of Brazilian football, the iconic Maracana in Rio de Janeiro, on July 13.
By Press TV
The Iran Project is not responsible for the content of quoted articles.
2014 Football World Cup, Argentina, Iran national football team, Iran's group in Brazil World Cup, Nigeria, Quoted	December 7, 2013
Iran, Pakistan to talk finishing IP gas pipeline
'Brazil president to attend Mandela funeral'


text:
Q: calculate sum of the each dynamic totals I want to calculate sum of all totals in the below js fiddle, using the following code: http://jsfiddle.net/hEByw/7/
For reference i given the screenshot below. The total calculates the according to the qty*price dynamically. I want to add all totals and display as a grand total. Please anyone can help me regarding this. Thanks in advance

        Select the products
            <input type='button' value='Add Products' id='addButton'>
            <input type='button' value='Remove Products' id='removeButton'>

            <input type="hidden" id="countervalue" name="countervalue" style="display:none;">

Grand Total :

A: Check this solution
http://jsfiddle.net/mgc2f5xj/
added a function to get total of all items
function getTotal(){
        var totals = document.getElementsByName("total[]");
      var total = 0;
      for (var i=0; i< totals.length; i++){
            total+= Number(totals[i].value);
      }
      document.getElementById("inputSum").innerText = total;
    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We're going all out no frills with business as normal at Port Street for New Year's Eve…so beers with ALL the frills as per usual. The taps will be buoyant, the fridges will be teeming, the snack shelf will be pulsing.
Join us for great beer in a relaxed environment with maybe a sprinkle of party atmosphere. WHO KNOWS.
Be there or be (non clued up on) cube.
Formal Blunders will feature the most recent work by Mat Unsworth in an on going series based in Manchester and the surrounding boroughs. The work is a formal exercise, an attempt to draw beauty or intrigue from a landscape some might find on the surface mundane or unpleasant.
Mat Unsworth is a Manchester based photographer who has been shooting for seven years. He primarily works with 35mm film and the images in this exhibition were all taken in the past year, in the Greater Manchester area.
The opening of Formal Blunders is kindly supported by Pomona Island Brew Co, drop down early for a free half of Pomona Island whilst stocks last!


text:
Q: Jest with Babel ^7.0.0-rc.1 issue I'm getting the below error when trying to run Jest test using babel 7
import React from 'react';
    ^^^^^^
    SyntaxError: Unexpected token import
My config is as follows -
jest.config.json
{
   "rootDir": "../../",
   "testPathIgnorePatterns": [
  "/node_modules/",
  "/test/e2e"
],
"moduleNameMapper": {
  "\\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|eot|otf|webp|svg|ttf|woff|woff2|mp4|webm|wav|mp3|m4a|aac|oga)$": "<rootDir>/__mocks__/fileMock.js",
  "\\.(css|scss)$": "identity-obj-proxy"
},
"transform": {
  "^.+\\.js$": "babel-jest",
  "^.+\\.jsx$": "babel-jest"
 }
}

.babelrc (Next 6 comes with @babel/env & @babel/react I think!)
{
  "presets": ["next/babel"],
  "plugins": ["@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties"]
}

package.json
"devDependencies": {
    "@babel/cli": "^7.0.0-rc.1",
    "@babel/core": "^7.0.0-rc.1",
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties": "^7.0.0-rc.1",
    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.0.0-rc.1",
    "@babel/preset-react": "^7.0.0-rc.1",
    "babel-core": "^7.0.0-bridge.0",
    "babel-eslint": "^8.2.2",
    "babel-jest": "^23.4.2",
    "enzyme": "^3.3.0",
    "enzyme-adapter-react-16": "^1.1.1",
    "eslint": "^4.19.1",
    "eslint-config-airbnb": "^16.1.0",
    "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.9.0",
    "eslint-plugin-jest": "^21.17.0",
    "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "^6.0.3",
    "eslint-plugin-react": "^7.7.0",
    "husky": "^0.14.3",
    "identity-obj-proxy": "^3.0.0",
    "jest": "^23.4.0",
    "puppeteer": "^1.6.0",
    "react-test-renderer": "^16.4.1",
    "redux-mock-store": "^1.5.3",
    "regenerator-runtime": "^0.12.1"
}

I've tried quite a few configuration settings but nothing seems to be working.
Thanks

A: Since babel has stopped publishing stage 2 presets. There are some beta verison available to babel core and presets. tou can exclude dynamic import if you're not doing code splitting. Try these version and update your devDependencies and let me know if the issue still persists:
package.json
"devDependencies": {
"@babel/core": "7.0.0-beta.54",
"@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties": "7.0.0-beta.54",
"@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators": "7.0.0-beta.54",
"@babel/plugin-proposal-export-namespace-from": "7.0.0-beta.54",
"@babel/plugin-proposal-function-sent": "7.0.0-beta.54",
"@babel/plugin-proposal-json-strings": "7.0.0-beta.54",
"@babel/plugin-proposal-numeric-separator": "7.0.0-beta.54",
"@babel/plugin-proposal-throw-expressions": "7.0.0-beta.54",
"@babel/plugin-syntax-dynamic-import": "7.0.0-beta.54",
"@babel/plugin-syntax-import-meta": "7.0.0-beta.54",
"@babel/polyfill": "^7.0.0-beta.55",
"@babel/preset-env": "^7.0.0-beta.55",
"@babel/preset-react": "^7.0.0-beta.55",
"babel-core": "^7.0.0-bridge.0",
"babel-eslint": "^8.2.3",
"babel-jest": "^23.0.1",
"babel-loader": "^8.0.0-beta.0",
}

.bablerc
{
"presets": [
 "@babel/preset-env",
 "@babel/preset-react"
],
"plugins": [
 "@babel/plugin-syntax-dynamic-import",
 "@babel/plugin-syntax-import-meta",
 "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties",
 "@babel/plugin-proposal-json-strings",
[
  "@babel/plugin-proposal-decorators",
  {
    "legacy": true
  }
],
 "@babel/plugin-proposal-function-sent",
 "@babel/plugin-proposal-export-namespace-from",
 "@babel/plugin-proposal-numeric-separator",
 "@babel/plugin-proposal-throw-expressions"
 ]
}