Every so often I share a link on Facebook about panel parity, with a focus on gender. What usually happens is someone comes along and says that quotas are bad and can't we just get the best people on panels.
In the recent past, a number of conventions have said things like "We plan to put the best people on panels". What usually happens is that you get a majority of panels with 4-5 men sitting around talking. I think we can agree that there might be something wrong with this.
Here is a Truth that is often missed out by a lot of people against panel parity. Panel parity is the aim to have the best people on panels.
However we can't just magically have that, despite what some people think we still have a society that is filled with bias.
Whenever I try to put together a panel, I usually think about who I know might be good for the panel. I think about who I have seen previously is a good speaker, who I know has written relevant works.
This seems a reasonable step; the problem is that because women don't get to be on many panels, I don't immediately think about women to put on panels. Yes, this is my bias, but I think that it might be a bit more wide-spread.
So I set myself a target of at least having 40% of my participant slots having women in them. I also want to have a similar target for each panel, while knowing it may not be possible; this is what I have called "soft quotas".
The 40% is the least that any convention that wants to draw in more attendance from women should be doing.
The point, for me at least, of 'soft quotas' is that it forces me outside my comfort zone, it forces me to justify why I have four men on a panel with no women. Sometimes that might be justified, but I had better know why I have done it.
I am looking forward to the day when people will do stuff like gender balance without having to think about it, but until then I am going to do my hardest to make sure that any event I am involved in is at least getting parity at the convention level if not at the panel level.
After my look back at Octocon, and the previous ones yesterday, I wanted to put out some thoughts I have had about Irish Fandom as we get ready for Running things like Shamrokon, and putting a bid together to host a World con in Dublin.
One of the problems is that we get together nowhere near enough. Back when I first got involved, there were monthly meetings of the Irish Science Fiction Association. However attendance of those meeting fell, and in the end the organisation was wound up.
This left a gap of places for fans to get together, and looking around Dublin there does not seem to be much more than a couple of Science Fiction Book clubs and other small gatherings.
I think I would like a regular meeting.
It should be as cheap as possible to attend.
It should be centrally located.
It should have a definite purpose.
1. I have thought about this, and feel that about once a month is a good idea, and it should be a set day of the month, something like the second Tuesday, or similar means that people will know when it is as they start planning things. Making it easier for them to decide if it is worth there while to attend. I know other events have shorter and longer gaps, I just feel that this is a time line that might work better.
2. I would like this to be free, however it can be hard to ensure a good central location without some charge. While a place could be found that might meet a lot of these requirements, keeping it month to month for free could be difficult. It may start out as free, with possible requests for people to donate to supporting the event on a voluntary basis.
3. In this case it should be near to the majority of bus routes, such that a single bus or Luas would get you into the area where the event is happening. Of course because of train station locations the same cannot be said for Trains.
4. Having a meeting that is just for meeting up with friends is useful, it however does not really encourage the arrival of new people, and in truth this about getting to meet new people. So each meeting should have a purpose of sorts. A reason that people might come along. Whether it be a talk from an author, a table quiz, or a presentation of some sort. Something to differentiate each meeting from the last.
I am going to investigate this and try and find some place to host a meeting, and maybe some form of talk for the first meeting. The question is does anyone else want to get involved in helping me out with this?
Since I got involved with Octocon I have tried to give a breakdown of the convention and where we are going next, maybe some aims and similar. This is what i have taken to call my Stakeholders Report. It is for those who are interested in Octocon.
This started in 2010, and continued in both 2011 and 2012. All of those are over on my Live journal, however I decided to continue here on my own Space to see where we go next.
Since I took over after 2010 I have been working with 3 strategic goals.
1. To grow the committee, and non committee helpers.
2. To grow the attendance by 50%.
3. To maintain, or improve, the quality of the convention.
This year we explicitly asked people who were not going to attend to come and help us. Unlike how things were done normally, we did not charge them for memberships, and then worked them really hard. This opened the rest of the committee up to actually been able to relax. However we still need to look at growing the committee pool, coming out of 2012 we had a committee of about 5 people, and went into 2013 with a pool of four, however that was down two and up one. I am not sure if all four will remain on board until 2015, so a lot of this is in flux.
Since setting that goal our membership numbers took a dip, we had a major Bump from having George RR Martin as our GOH, a bump that we did not maintain. Over the next few years we grew membership, and I am hoping that while we will get a bump from any GOH, our base level will stay more constant. I think our base membership has probably grown by about 33% since 2010, but it is only a guess. at the end of last year, I made a comment about growing membership to above 200, this we did this year, with actual membership at approximately 210, now not all members made it for various reasons, and so our through the door was about 195. This is progress, but my target is around 250-300.
I know giving myself an A on this is a bit of an ego thing, however this is based on general on reviews of the convention on-line. We have grown the number of program items, and also the number of program participants. We had a gender balance of about 56-44. There could be some variance from program to actual on weekend numbers. We still have a lot of work in getting in additional participants, as I want the average to to be around 3-4 panels per person, with a maximum of six. This year we had one person on eleven panels! This is at a two day con! The complaint that I have heard from some places is that the convention program was a little bit too serious, and maybe a fun track could be brought back. This is partly my fault, and I hope to be able to change in 2015.
So I still need to work on our strategic goals. However some progress has been made.
2013 was the first year that we decided to have two Professional Guests of Honour. We had two Guests of Honour in 2009, a professional and a fan. This lead to some interesting program things, and i feel it worked really well and is something that I hope we continue to do.
This was the year were we brought in a big US name, to see if it could work. However I do not think Octocon at its current level can actually afford that full cost. This caused a lot of stares at bank balances this year, and join rates, and generally hoping our at the door numbers would be enough. However in the end on a financial level we broke mostly even, though that is because of receipts not handed in.
The convention is taking a break for 2014, for a number of reasons, the main one been ShamroKon, however that break gives us a chance to sit down and fix some of our underlying structures, things like Website and so on. There are also some ideas that we would like to try, but need to get some idea of how to do it, and how to get buy-in from various places.
I think that this year was probably the best Octocon I was involved in, and hope to keep it going a little longer. I had hoped to do a reshuffle, move things around, and while that may still happen, i suspect that the committee will not change position that much over the next two years. So I will likely be in charge when we come back in 2015, though hopefully with someone looking and ready to take over in 2016.
As i mentioned i am in the process of trying to put together an archive of Irish Fan history. Part of that is getting older documents scanned and put on to the Internet.Of course all such things take time and of course documents.
I recently got some documents from Pádraig Ó Méalóid. There is a lot in the bag and so it will take a lot to get it in.
The first of the things i have scanned are two blank documents which have the header for the Irish Science Fiction Association which was set up in 1976 to promote awareness of Science Fiction in Ireland.
Hopefully i will manage to get more these scanned and into a proper archive.
When Did i last post?


The bid to create a motorsport museum at the Rest and Be Thankful has gained charitable status – moving the project a step closer to realisation.
PLANS for a Scottish motorsport museum at the world-famous Rest and Be Thankful landmark have received a major boost.
Scotland's charities watchdogs have given the project to build a visitor centre to attract tourists and motorsport fans official charitable status.
The Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator have approved the scheme to create the Scottish Motorsport Heritage Centre near the top of the climb at the hairpin so many racing drivers found such a challenge.
Renowned for its hillclimb and rally stages, the Rest and Be Thankful road runs alongside the A83 through Glen Croe. It's been used since the early pioneering days of motoring and became a dedicated hillclimb course in 1949 when the A83 road was completed to allow easier access between Glasgow and the Highlands.
That first event attracted some of the biggest names in Scottish and British motorsport. In 1964, the outright hillclimb record of 50.09 seconds over the mile-long track was set by Peter Boshier-Jones in a Lotus 22.
The final event was held in September 1970. Since then, there have been many attempts to revive the Rest and Be Thankful as a motorsport venue, but none have succeeded.
The project has been led by Dundee man Douglas Anderson, who has also helped bring the Monte Carlo Classic Rally start back to Scotland.
Plans for centre include a permanent exhibition space for motorsport fans and other facilities for the community to use for cultural, business and film events. The idea has gained the backing of motorsport heroes including Sir Jackie, Jimmy McCrae and John Cleland.


New findings about the bacterium that causes Lyme disease could lead to new strategies to reduce infections and resulting chronic illness, according to research published in mBio, the online open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology.
Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by a spirochete (spiral shaped bacterium) known as Borrelia burgdorferi and is most commonly spread by ticks. Despite the infectious agent and mode of transmission being known for over three decades the cases of Lyme disease are continuing to climb. The highest rates are seen in the Northeastern United States but many people from different regions and countries also suffer from the disease.
The most obvious sign of initial Lyme disease infection is a chracteristic rash around a tick bite known as Erythema migrans, or a "bullseye" rash, so named because it is circular and red around the outside with a pale centre. Symptoms of the disease are multiple, ranging from fatigue, weakness and headache, to cognitive, mood, and neurological disorders. The large number and systemic nature of symptoms has contributed to controversy. Some experts say Lyme disease is acute and easily treated with a relatively short course of antibiotics, while others suggest a chronic form may develop. Certainly there are no shortage of individuals who suffer chronic symptoms following Lyme infection - many become severely debilitated, losing jobs and relationships.
A new review of Lyme disease research assesses the potential reasons for the continued lack of success in prevention and control of Lyme disease and points to key areas where public policy could make all the difference.
Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by a spirochete (spiral shaped bacterium) known as Borrelia burgdorferi and most commonly spread by ticks. Despite the infectious agent and mode of ptransmission being known for over three decades the cases of Lyme disease are continuing to climb. The highest rates are seen in the Northeastern United States but many people from different regions and countries also suffer from the disease.
The most obvious sign of initial Lyme disease infection is a chracteristic rash around a tick bite known as Erythema migrans, or a "bullseye" rash, so named because it is circular and red around the outside with a pale centre. Symptoms of the disease are multiple, ranging from fatigue, weakness and headache, to cognitive, mood, and neurological disorders. The large number and systemic nature of symptoms has contributed to controversy. Some experts say Lyme disease is acute and easily treated with a relatively short course of antibiotics, while others suggest a chronic form may develop. Certainly there are no shortage of individuals who suffer chronic symptoms following Lyme infection - which makes this latest study of prevention all the more important.
A new study shows that the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease takes cover in lymph nodes to evade immune cells. Meanwhile, the US state of New Hampshire has passed a law allowing doctors to treat chronic Lyme disease with long-term antibiotic therapy.
Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by a spirochete (spiral shaped bacterium) known as Borrelia burgdorferi and most commonly spread by ticks. The most obvious sign of infection is a chracteristic rash around a tick bit known as Erythema migrans, or a "bullseye" rash, so named because it is circular and red around the outside with a pale centre. Symptoms of Lyme disease are multiple, ranging from fatigue, weakness and headache, to cognitive, mood, and neurological disorders. The large number and systemic nature of symptoms has contributed to a major controversy surrounding Lyme disease - is it a purely acute infection easily treated with a short course of antibiotics or does it have a chronic form?
Now, a team of researchers from University of California Davis has uncovered a mechanism by which B. burgdoferi can cleverly avoid being eliminated by the host's immune system. Ironically it apparently does so by migrating to lymph nodes where there are high concentrations of immune cells which one would logically assume would take care of the invading pathogen in no time, but this does not appear to be the case.
A new US government funded study into the health effects of wireless devices is beginning just as a similar investigation in the UK comes to an end.
A number of US Senators have this week come out in support of further research into the safety of microwave energy emitted by the increasing number of wireless devices used as a part of daily life, from mobile phones and wireless computer networks (Wi-Fi), to games consoles and portable gagdets such as mp3 players.
The US National Toxicology Program is beginning a study designed to simulate the microwave radiation exposure experienced when using a mobile phone (or 'cell phone'). The research was commissioned by The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) who felt the subject warranted investigation given the publics' widespread to wireless signals, according to associate director of the program, John Bucher.
The Pro-GM science lobby group Sense About Science has just announced a new leaflet Making Sense About Radiation. It appears to be a knee-jerk reaction to the recent Press coverage of the ground-breaking conference held in London attended by both sides in the debate over Microwave Radiation and its health effects.
The leaflet makes sweeping claims that can not be substantiated such as the Draper study published in 2005, found a relationship between the chances of developing leukaemia and the distance a person lived from power lines in the UK, This does not show, however, that the pylons are causing cancer. The increased risk may be because the children shared some other risk factor for leukaemia perhaps due to exposure to some other environmental conditions or carcinogens., but there is no evidence that RF radiation causes harmful non-thermal effects or non-ionising radiation does not have enough energy to damage or kill the cell, and so cannot cause cancer.


text:
Chelsea Fringe is back at Nine Elms
Written by: Chelsea Fringe
Arts, culture and events - Focus on North Lambeth
The alternative garden festival, Chelsea Fringe, returns to Nine Elms and Vauxhall for a sixth consecutive year, taking place between 20 May and 4 June 2017.
The Chelsea Fringe programme this year is the biggest yet with dozens of activities across Vauxhall, Nine Elms and Battersea celebrating everything from guerrilla gardeners to community projects; talks, walks and new installations.
The local Chelsea Fringe programme
The programme at Nine Elms takes inspiration from the area's horticultural and industrial heritage, celebrates the area's flourishing green projects and offers a glimpse of the area's future landscape. We are greening big swathes of former industrial land in Nine Elms: creating a new Nine Elms Park, turning private land into public open space, and opening up the Thames River Path. In ten years' time it will be possible to walk right along the south bank of the river, from Battersea Park to Lambeth Bridge and onto the cultural institutions along the South Bank at Waterloo. New sections of the riverwalk have already opened by Riverlight Quay and by Battersea Power Station's first phase, Circus West Village.
Our local Chelsea Fringe programme is as varied as ever, with an emphasis on local community events. Most events are free although some require pre-booking.
Chelsea Fringe highlights:
Dawn to Dusk by Tord Boontje
Inspired by one of JMW Turner's favourite painting locations, these new rotating seats by the Thames let you chose your preferred view whilst enjoying the scented planters.
An evening at Lambeth Palace Gardens
Unique evening tour of the 12th-century garden at Lambeth Palace – London's oldest cultivated garden. There will be guided tours and practical tips on beekeeping with the Head Gardener.
The Hothouse events
Join community gardener Sue Sheehan and local green-fingered artists for a series of fun and practical art and horticultural workshops – from creating a vertical window garden to fabric printing.
Planting party with Father Nature
Get planting with Father Nature, an educational community gardening group that makes gardening fun by using hay bales to sit and play on. Supported by Vauxhall One.
Glimpses of Battersea
Join artist Luke Walker for a tour of the area around Battersea Power Station and the best views of the building and its new public realm.
Doing the Incredible Edible Lambeth Walk
A guided walk of inspirational green spaces loved and cared for by local residents. Starting at the Garden Museum we will take in small green parks including Old Paradise Street, Pedlars Park, Vauxhall City Farm and ending at Bonnington Square. Walk led by Sue Sheehan from Incredible Edible Lambeth.
Find out more or view the full programme
For the full programme of Chelsea Fringe events across Vauxhall, Nine Elms and Battersea, including details on how to pre-book your space, visit the Nine Elms Chelsea Fringe website.
Celebrating "the artist in us"
Schools and local artists worked together to create art inspired by Lambeth's Portuguese-speaking community, Streatham, and Lambeth's parks' role in nature and wellbeing.
A Laureate for Lambeth
Poet and spoken word artist, Abstract Benna, takes on the role of Lambeth's first-ever poet laureate for 2023.
Van Gogh House 'We came here' art installation
Imagine a conversation about coming to Lambeth between 20-year-olds Vincent Van Gogh and black feminist campaigner Olive Morris 100 years apart... now hear it

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Thursday, April 6. 2000, 01:37:14 PM UTC+0000
« Previous day Next day »
The National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad unilaterally declares the independence of Azawad from Mali.{{cite news|url=//www.france24.com/en/20120406-france-24-exclusive-tuareg-rebels-declare-independence-mlna-mali-ansar-dine-azawad|title=Tuareg rebels declare independence in north Mali|publisher=France 24|date=2012-04-06|accessdate=2012-04-06}}
Capt Amadou Sanogo, the leader of the Mali coup, states that power will be transferred to the President of the National Assembly after separatist Tuaregs declare independence. //www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i701PdJb2rkdYJ90teoUQj2TGFZA?docId=a159a4c20669423ebd87d7802ffca78c (AP via Google News)
Details of North Korea's own Red Star operating system emerge. //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8604912.stm (BBC) //www.ioltechnology.co.za/article_page.php?from=rss_IOLTechHomeiSectionId=2883iArticleId=5417910 (IOL)
Announcement of first animals that spent their entire lives without oxygen were discovered in depths of Mediterranean Sea. They belong to three new species from phylum Loricifera. //www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/30/abstract (BMC Biology) //www.nature.com/news/2010/100406/full/464825b.html (Nature)
A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes near L'Aquila, Italy, killing nearly 300 and injuring more than 1,500.{{cite news|url=//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7986727.stm |title=BBC: Italian rescuers work into night |publisher=BBC News |date=2009-04-07 |accessdate=2010-08-23}}
The first 13th root calculation of a 200-digit number is computed by Frenchman Alexis Lemaire.{{cite news|url=//www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article378484.ece?|title=What is the 13th root of . . .|publisher=The Times|accessdate=October 23, 2009|date=April 8, 2005|first=Charles|last=Bremner | location=London}}
As the Israeli–Palestinian conflict intensifies, the United States repeats its demands to Israel that it should pull back its troops.
Pakistan tests medium-range missiles capable of hitting India.
Michelangelo's "Universal Judgement" is reopened to the public after 10 years of restorations.
FedEx Flight 705 experiences an attempted suicidal hiajcking. The crew manages to subdue the attacker and land at the airport.
The Rwandan Genocide begins in Kigali, Rwanda.
Kurt Cobain, songwriter and frontman for the band Nirvana, is found dead at his Lake Washington home, apparently of a single self-inflicted gunshot wound.
Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundi President Cyprien Ntaryamira die when a missile shoots down their jet near Kigali, Rwanda. This is taken as a pretext to begin the Rwandan Genocide.
A nuclear accident occurs at Tomsk 7 in Russia.
In Nepal, Gyanendra of Nepal lifts a ban on political parties following violent protests.
Robert Mapplethorpe's The Perfect Moment show of nude and homoerotic photographs opens at the Cincinnati Contemporary Arts Center, in spite of accusations of indecency by Citizens for Community Values.
"Scandinavian Star", a Bahamas-registered ferry, catches fire en route from Norway to Denmark, leaving 158 dead.
In the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Socialist Republic of Slovenia holds Yugoslavia's first multiparty election since 1938. After the election, a center-right coalition led by Lojze Peterle forms Yugoslavia's first non-Communist government since 1945.
In the Greek legislative election, the conservative New Democracy wins the most seats in the Hellenic Parliament its leader, Konstantinos Mitsotakis, becomes Prime Minister of Greece on April 11.
Iran Contra Affair: John Poindexter is found guilty of 5 charges for his part in the scandal the convictions are later reversed on appeal.
National Safety Council of Australia chief executive John Friedrich is arrested after defrauding investors to the tune of $235 million.
A blizzard unprecedented in size for April dumps 1–2 feet of snow on the northeastern United States, closing schools and businesses, snarling traffic, and canceling several major league baseball games.
Swedish pop group ABBA win the 1974 Eurovision Song Contest with "Waterloo".
California Jam is held at the Ontario Motor Speedway in Ontario, California, attracting 250,000 fans.
Ron Blomberg of the New York Yankees becomes the first designated hitter in Major League Baseball.
Israeli Air Force F4 Phantom II fighter bombers kill forty-seven Egyptian school children at an elementary school in what is known as Bahr el-Baqar massacre. The single-floor school was hit by five bombs and two air-to-ground missiles.
A huge gas explosion at a subway construction site in Osaka, Japan kills 79 and injures over 400.
BBC Radio 4 broadcasts the first edition of "PM".
Georges Pompidou begins to form the next French government.
Jigme Palden Dorji, Premier of the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan, is shot dead by an unidentified assassin in Puncholing, near the Indian border.
The 31st Academy Awards ceremony is held.
Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiari divorces the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi after she is unable to produce any children.
Van Cliburn wins the Tchaikovsky International Competition for pianists in Moscow, breaking Cold War tensions.
The satellite Sputnik 2 disintegrates in space after several orbits.
Anthony Eden becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
WWII: Sarajevo is liberated from the Nazi Germany and Nazi Croatia (German puppet state) by the Yugoslav Partisans.
WWII: Germany invades Yugoslavia and Greece.
Two tornadoes strike Gainesville, Georgia. The smaller tornado hits north Gainsville, the stronger tornado the west side of town. 203 die and 1,600 are injured in the 5th deadliest tornado in U.S. history.
U.S. publication of the novel Tender Is the Night by F. Scott Fitzgerald
Rudyard Kipling and William Butler Yeats are awarded the Gothenburg Prize for Poetry.
The worlds largest ever recorded surface wind speed of 231 miles per hour was recorded on the summit of Mt. Washington NH.
The Portuguese government declares martial law in Madeira and in the Azores because of an attempted military takeover in Funchal.
Fascists win the elections in Italy with a ⅔ majority.
The "A.E.K." is founded in Greece.
A referendum in Greece favors the formation of the Second Hellenic Republic.
The first Prefects Board in Southeast Asia is formed in Victoria Institution, Malaysia.
The short-lived Far Eastern Republic is declared in eastern Siberia.
April 7 ndash The Bavarian Soviet Republic is founded.
WWI: The United States declares war on Germany.
The American Radio Relay League (ARRL) is begun in Hartford, CT by Hiram Maxim and Clarence Tuska.
Robert Peary, Matthew Henson, and four Eskimo explorers come within a few miles of the North Pole.
"Lochner v. New York": The Supreme Court of the United States invalidates New York's 8-hour-day law.
The opening ceremonies of the 1896 Summer Olympics, the first modern Olympic Games, are held in Athens.
Oscar Wilde is arrested after losing a libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry.
first New Year\\\\'s Day of the solar calendar adopted by Siamese King Chulalongkorn with the 106th anniversary of Bangkok's founding in 1782 as its epoch (reference date).
The American Museum of Natural History is founded in New York.
May ndash In France, the opposition, consisting of republicans, monarchists and liberals, polls almost 45% of the vote in national elections.
German chemicals producer "Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik (BASF)" is founded in Mannheim.
American Civil War: In Tennessee, the Battle of Shiloh begins.
May ndash Start of the Sino-Sikh war.
President John Tyler is sworn in.
USA: The Black Hawk War begins.
Joseph Smith and 5 others organize the Church of Christ (later renamed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints), the first formally organized church of the Latter Day Saint movement, in northwestern New York.
Bourbon Restoration: Louis XVIII is invited to occupy the restored French throne.
John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company.
Revenue Commission disbanded.{{where|date=July 2012}}
The Committee of Public Safety is established in France with Georges Danton as its head.
At Federal Hall, the United States Senate attains its first quorum and elects John Langdon of Pennsylvania as its first President pro tempore. Later that day, the Senate and the House of Representatives meet in joint session for the first time, and the electoral votes of the first U.S. Presidential election are counted. General George Washington is certified as President-elect and John Adams is certified as Vice-President elect.
Rama I succeeds King Taksin of Siam (now Thailand) who is overthrown in an coup d'etat and moves the political capital from Thonburi across the Menam to Rattanakosin Island, the historic center of Bangkok.
The Sugar Act is passed.
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor University of Innsbruck
Dubrovnik earthquake: An earthquake in the Republic of Ragusa kills one fifth of the population.
Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply c for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founds Cape Town.
Sunday, March 27, 1580 (Julianian calendar)
Dover Straits earthquake.{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|coauthors=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=160–162|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}
June ndash England signs a commercial treaty with the Ottoman Empire.ref name=Cassell's Chronology{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=230–233}}
Tuesday, March 29, 1362 (Julianian calendar)
April ndash Muhammed V, Sultan of Granada, returns to the throne after the murder of the usurper Muhammed VI.
Junepndash Under the terms of the will of Sir John de Wingfield (died 1361), the church of St Andrew and the college of priests are founded in Wingfield, Suffolk.
At the Battle of Brignais, the Free Companies defeat a French army.
Petrarch sees a woman he names Laura in the church of Sainte-Claire d'Avignon, which awakes in him a lasting passion. He writes a series of poems dedicated to her, which are collected into his "Canzoniere" (Song Book). This is generally considered to be the day the Renaissance began.
November ndash Alfonso IV of Aragon begins his reign.
Saturday, March 29, 1320 (Julianian calendar)
The Second Shepherds' Crusade begins.
The Venetian Arsenal is rebuilt as the Arsenal Nuovo.
Ghiyas al-Din Tughlaq founds the Tughlaq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
In England many horses die of a disease called Ffarsine.{{Cite book|title=Agricultural Records|last=Stratton|first=J.M.|publisher=John Baker|year=1969|isbn=0-212-97022-4}}
The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath.
Dante's "Quaestio de Aqua et Terra" is published.
Saint Peter of Verona is assassinated by Carino of Balsamo.
King Richard I of England dies from gangrene caused by the crossbow wound he received at the siege of Châlus. His younger brother, John Lackland, becomes King of England. Richard's jewels are left to his nephew, Otto of Saxony."King John" by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 48 As a result of Richard's death, French warrior Mercadier has Pierre Basile flayed alive and hanged.
St. Laurence Church in Ludlow is rebuilt on its Norman foundations.
Tuesday, April 1, 900 (Julianian calendar)
Pope Benedict IV succeeds Pope John IX as the 117th pope.Artaud de Montor //books.google.fr/books?id=-JwAAAAAcAAJpg=PT62 "Histoire des souverains pontifes romains" Didot, 1846
The Persian scientist Rhazes distinguishes smallpox from measles in the course of his writings. Holding against any sort of orthodoxy, particularly Aristotle's physics, he maintains the conception of an 'absolute' time, regarded by him as a never-ending flow.
Saturday, April 5, 402 (Julianian calendar)
Emperors Arcadius and his younger brother Honorius become Roman consuls.
The Avars, led by Shelun (Chö-louen), having defeated the Gaoju Dingling (Kao-kiu Ting-ling) near Kobbo, establish a nomadic empire that ranges from Mongolia to the Irtysh.
The Pure Land school of Buddhism founds a monastery upon the top of Mount Lushan.
Jerome writes "Apologiae contra Rufinum" and "Liber tertius seu ultima responsio adversus scripta Rufini".
Battle of Pollentia: Stilicho recalls troops from Britain and the Rhine frontier to defend Italy. He decides to attack the Goths on Eastern Sunday and manages to capture Alaric's wife and children.
Porphyry of Gaza orders the destruction of pagan temples in Gaza.
Fa-Hien, Chinese Buddhist monk, makes a pilgrimage to India initiating Sino-Indian relations. Stirred by his faith to Buddhism, he visit the sites of Siddhartha Gautama's life.
King Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo (Korea) defeats the forces of Later Yan, seizing some of their border fortresses.
Sunday, April 8, 31 (Julianian calendar)
Jared conquers the Babylonians according to the Dead Sea Scrolls.
Tiberius returns to Rome from Capri.
Good Friday) ndash Crucifixion of Jesus (according to one dating scheme).
Naevius Sutorius Macro becomes the leader of the Praetorian Guard after Sejanus is executed.
Unixzeit 955028234 — Thursday, April 6, 2000 at 1:37:14 PM UTC


Home Healthy Living Juicing Juicing: 5 Myths You Need to Ignore Starting Right Now!
Juicing: 5 Myths You Need to Ignore Starting Right Now!
Most of the negative hype surrounding juicing is purely false, while some juicing myths do contain some science, they often distort the important facts to make juicing sound evil and life ending.
Much of these falsehoods are a direct result of criticism aimed at "guru juicers" who claim their juicing protocols can cure everything from cancer to paralysis, if you stick to whatever expensive program or baseless hype they're trying to sell you.
Regardless what you choose to believe, juicing is anything but bad for you. Nor do you have to go on a 30-day juice fast in order to get maximum benefit to your health. You can juice to your heart's content, as long as you use the right produce and buy a juicer that offers the benefits you're looking for.
Myth 1: Juicing isn't the best way to consume healthy fruits and veggies.
There's some truth to this, although detractors of juicing often distort this reality to serve their own agenda. The fact is, the juice extracted from fruits and vegetables doesn't have the full amount of vitamins and minerals the food it originated from does.
• Very few people actually get the 8 – 10 servings of fruits and vegetables recommended by various health organizations worldwide.
• Most people cook their vegetables rather than eat them raw, thus removing vital enzymes that help our body absorb the various vitamins and minerals they contain.
• Essential nutrients like vitamin C, pantothenic acid, thiamine, and other B vitamins are diminished or destroyed when subjected to the heat from cooking.
So, unless you're eating all your veggies and fruits raw, and consuming the daily recommended intake of each, refusing to juice just doesn't make any sense. And, while it's true that juicing leaves certain amounts of healthful nutrients in the pulp, if you're not getting enough and refusing to juice, it's no different than walking 10 blocks to the hospital with a broken leg when you live right next door to a bus station!
Myth 2: Juicing removes all the fiber.
This one is more fiction than fact, in most cases. However, there are some caveats to keep in mind, mainly referring to how you juice your fruits and veggies. However, regardless of what equipment you juice with, fiber will be left in the pulp (which most people end up discarding).
It's important to always keep in mind that you're not obligated, or even encouraged to throw the pulp out, and can add it back to a variety of dishes including soups, smoothies, desserts, and anything else you care to experiment with.
If you're really worried about getting the most fiber possible in your juice, consider that masticating juicers leave much more pulp in the juice than centrifugal juicers, or juice made using a simple blender. They are more expensive, but definitely considered the best way to get the most vitamin and mineral content, particularly with the most nutrient dense of all vegetables; the mighty salad greens.
Myth 3: Juice is full of unhealthy sugars.
Yes, depending on what you juice you could be setting yourself up for diabetes and other sugar-related ailments by drinking too much juice. However, very few in the nutrition space recommend drinking concentrated fruit juices of any kind. And, starchy non-green vegetables like potatoes and squash certainly aren't on anyone's favorite list of things to juice.
That said, if you're mostly focusing on nutrient dense greens like celery, spinach, collard greens, cucumbers, cabbage, broccoli, kale and many others, you'd have to juice several pounds of these foods to tip the glycemic scale into dangerous territory.
Mix a few berries, an apple, or citrus fruit in with your favorite juices every day, if you like. Just follow the 80/20 rule: 80 percent low carb greens, and 20 percent low-sugar fruit choices and you won't have to worry about overdoing it on the sugar.
Myth 4: Juicing is just a silly fad that will be replaced by something else tomorrow.
Some day people will be calling smartphones a fad, too. That is, after something else replaces it that lets us talk telepathically to each other from halfway across the world! Everything new is called a fad until it becomes firmly established in the public eye.
While the act of juicing fruits and vegetables to make it easier to give our bodies the nutrition it requires is really anything but a fad, there are trends like juice fasting that could be considered a "fad diet", and one that isn't considered healthy by most experts.
Drinking a healthful glass of juice you make fresh yourself every day is just plain smart, when combined with enough protein to sustain the building blocks of life. Juicing is something many of us will be doing for the rest of our lives, and the generations that follow us will do the same until a better way to get highly bio-available nutrition surfaces.
Myth 5: Juice isn't filling enough to be a practical diet choice.
If you're one of the misinformed who feel they need to go on a juice fast to make up for all the poor dietary choices you've made previously throughout the years, then this myth will be very true to you. That is, when juice is all you consume and you don't eat any solid protein sources or drink additional water throughout the day to stay hydrated.
When fresh, mostly green juices are added to complement the solid foods in your diet rather than replace them, you should feel fuller than you did before you started consuming them.
Juicing also aids all digestive processes and helps the body detoxify, meaning you might notice your appetite increasing because your health improves and metabolic processes increase as vitality increases.
In short, there are nothing but benefits that come from juicing with the right kinds of foods – as long as you remember to juice lots of leafy greens and avoid sugary/starchy varieties of either.
The best way to get around the myths associated with juicing is to buy a quality juicer of your own. Soon after you start getting more of the vitamins and minerals they offer, the sooner you'll start seeing improvements to your health.


Beyond Barnard has been meeting with student groups such as Mujeres and Barnard Organization of Soul Sisters in their efforts to better serve the diverse Barnard community.
In light of the nine-month anniversary of Beyond Barnard's founding, the organization's co-deans celebrated increased student use of its services, announced three additions to staff, and advertised their search for another associate director at Monday's Student Government Association meeting.
Beyond Barnard was created in Feb. 2018 to consolidate career, internship, and graduate school advisement services, among others, for both students and alumnae. Its main goals include actively engaging and providing resources for all branches of the Barnard community through broader outreach and services. At the SGA meeting, student representatives questioned Beyond Barnard Associate Deans Nikki Youngblood Giles and A-J Aronstein on ongoing and upcoming initiatives.
Most significantly, recent successes include a 67 percent increase in the number of first-year students who currently have on-campus jobs, and increased stipends for the Beyond Barnard Internship Program from $800 to $1,000, according to Youngblood Giles and Aronstein.
Additionally, Beyond Barnard announced the additions of Associate Director for Fellowships and Research Advising Jennifer Lech, Senior Associate Director of Health Professions Dr. Amanda Dye, and Associate Director for Experiential Education Camille Hall. They also revealed their search for another associate director who will support advisement in the initiative's programs.
One continued effort of Beyond Barnard includes reaching out to different groups on campus in order to better address student concerns. Aronstein and Youngblood Giles cited evidence of the initiative's progress in this area, including increased meetings with student groups such as Mujeres and Barnard Organization of Soul Sisters as well as the over 500 students who attended the fall opportunities fair.
According to the most recent Desserts After Dark survey, 56 percent of respondents have either never or only once used Beyond Barnard services, but over 92 percent of respondents said they knew about Beyond Barnard's resources.
Jessica Cruz, junior representative to the board of trustees and BC '21, also questioned Aronstein and Youngblood Giles on sensitivity training given to Beyond Barnard staff for "cultural competency" as well as the demographic diversity of advisors.
Youngblood Giles responded that advisors have subcommittee meetings on a weekly basis where they discuss advising protocols and strategies for working with students and the importance of inclusiveness in language, reiterating the importance of student feedback in fueling these discussions.
"Whenever you leave a session with an advisor, positive or negative, it's important that we get feedback which we utilize during our staff trainings to directly talk about what's happening in the advising sessions," Youngblood Giles said.
Youngblood Giles also stated the overarching diversity of advising staff, adding how they have the opportunity to self-identify, later citing Dye, who identifies as first-generation.
"We have a very diverse groups of [peer career advisors] spanning a variety of identities, racial, class, gender, and we allow them to self-identify as much as they feel comfortable," Youngblood Giles said.


Home » Blog » Successful AWS Boulder-Denver Meetup!
We just wrapped up an awesome first AWS Boulder-Denver meetup. We were blown away with the response. Folks came from Colorado Springs (2+ hours away) to hang out for the scheduled two-hour-long meetup! Thank you! Gerrit Padgham spent over an hour talking about how to secure your AWS instances and even provided us with a hands-on demo of what to do and what not to do. I could see a lot of heads nodding and a lot of folks taking notes. This category is very important to us at JumpCloud® as our Directory-as-a-Service® platform not only centralizes user management, but it is also a critical identity management platform for security. It was also nice to see a lot of back and forth towards the end of the session with lots of questions and some good debate about different approaches companies should take.
We had a nice cross section of folks from startups to big companies in attendance, including a couple of the largest companies in the Denver area being represented. It's clear that cloud and AWS are important topics to enterprises as well as startups. It was also nice to see a few CU students show up to learn as well!
We kicked the evening off with some casual mingling and networking and some dinner and drinks. It was a very nice sized crowd with a lot of folks eager to learn. We went around the room and did intros and shared what we were most interested in. The group was really open to learning from each other and teaching each other. That's exactly what a meetup like this should be about. We did record the event and will plan to post it sometime soon. In addition, we'll ask Gerrit to make his slides available.
Here's To The Next Meetup!
We were proud to host it and look forward to seeing everybody in Denver on February 25th at Galvanize at 6pm for the next meetup! If you are interested in speaking or hosting, let us know via the Meetup site. While JumpCloud is a core sponsor and participant, we'd love to have many others involved in the Meetup.


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The 22-23 Season marks another spectacular year at the award-winning Younes and Soraya Nazarian Center for the Performing Arts, which has quickly become one of the cultural jewels of the city of Los Angeles. Under the leadership of Executive Director Thor Steingraber, The Soraya continues to expand its programming and outstanding multidisciplinary performances. The mission of The Soraya is to present a wide variety of performances that not only includes new and original work from the Los Angeles region but also work from around the world that appeal to all of LA's rich and diverse communities.
Located on the campus of California State University, Northridge, The Soraya's season offers a vibrant performance program of nearly 50 classical and popular music, dance, theater, family, and international events that will serve to establish The Soraya as the intellectual and cultural heart of the San Fernando Valley, and further establish itself as one of the top arts companies in Southern California. The award-winning, 1,700-seat theatre was designed by HGA Architects and Engineers with lead design architect Kara Hill and was recently cited by the Los Angeles Times as "a growing hub for live music, dance, drama, and other cultural events."
Executive and Artistic Director Thor Steingraber
Venue Photos
Rental and Facilities Information


Cloud Computing is the revolution in current generation IT enterprise. Cloud computing displaces database and application software to the large data centers, where the management of services and data may not be predictable, where as the conventional solutions, for IT services are under proper logical, physical and personal controls. This aspect attribute, however comprises different security challenges which have not been well understood. It concentrates on cloud data storage security which has always been an important aspect of quality of service (QOS). In this paper, we designed and simulated an adaptable and efficient scheme to guarantee the correctness of user data stored in the cloud and also with some prominent features. Homomorphic token is used for distributed verification of erasure – coded data. By using this scheme, we can identify misbehaving servers. In spite of past works, our scheme supports effective and secure dynamic operations on data blocks such as data insertion, deletion and modification. In contrast to traditional solutions, where the IT services are under proper physical, logical and personnel controls, cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the large data centers, where the data management and services may not be absolutely truthful. This effective security and performance analysis describes that the proposed scheme is extremely flexible against malicious data modification, convoluted failures and server clouding attacks.


Interagency Ecological Program: Over four decades of juvenile fish monitoring data from the San Francisco Estuary, collected by the Delta Juvenile Fish Monitoring Program, 1976-2017.
Interagency Ecological Program (IEP), B. Mahardja, J. Speegle. 2018. Interagency Ecological Program: Over four decades of juvenile fish monitoring data from the San Francisco Estuary, collected by the Delta Juvenile Fish Monitoring Program, 1976-2017. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/ea00fc37f0658dae21b817b1f93911cf.
DJFMP staff conducting a beach seine in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA.
The DJFMP has monitored juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and other fish species within the San Francisco Estuary (Estuary) since 1976 using a combination of surface trawls and beach seines. Since 2000, three trawl sites and 58 beach seine sites have been sampled weekly or biweekly within the Estuary and lower Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. As part of the Interagency Ecological Program(IEP) that manages the Estuary, the DJFMP tracks the abundance and distribution of naturally and hatchery produced juvenile Chinook Salmon of all races as they outmigrate through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta for over four decades.
Largemouth Bass, one of the introduced species to the San Francisco Estuary shown to have increased substantially in numbers over the years.
The data that DJFMP collected has been used not only to help inform the management of Chinook Salmon, but also to monitor the status of native species of interest such as the previously listed Splittail Pogonichthys macrolepidotus and invasive species such as Mississippi Silverside Menidia beryllina and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides. The figure below shows the calculated biomass per volume for fishes captured by beach seine at the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta over the years (Mahardja et al. 2017), demonstrating that biomass in the nearshore habitat have roughly doubled in the past twenty years.
Calculated biomass per volume for fishes captured by beach seine at the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta over the years per Mahardja et al. (2017), demonstrating that biomass in the nearshore habitat have roughly doubled in the past twenty years.
Mahardja B, Farruggia MJ, Schreier B, Sommer T (2017) Evidence of a Shift in the Littoral Fish Community of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. PLoS ONE 12(1): e0170683. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170683.
Mahardja B, Conrad JL, Lusher L, Schreier B (2016) Abundance trends, distribution, and habitat associations of the invasive Mississippi Silverside (Menidia audens) in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science. 14(1): Article 1. https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss1art2.
Brown LR, May JT (2006) Variation in Spring Nearshore Resident Fish Species Composition and Life Histories in the Lower Sacramento-San Joaquin Watershed and Delta. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science. 4(1): Article 1. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09j597dn.
Feyrer F, Sommer TR, Baxter RD (2005) Spatial-temporal distribution and habitat associations of age-0 Splittail in the Lower San Francisco Estuary Watershed. Copeia, 1: 159-168. https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-04-187R1.
Interagency Ecological Program (IEP), B. Mahardja, J. Speegle. 2018. Interagency Ecological Program: Over four decades of juvenile fish monitoring data from the San Francisco Estuary, collected by the Delta Juvenile Fish Monitoring Program, 1976-2017. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/ea00fc37f0658dae21b817b1f93911cf. Dataset accessed 2/07/2019.


One of the best things about owning a metal building or carport is the fact that these structures do not require a lot of maintenance once they have been installed. Unlike wooden sheds that require new paint jobs or a lot of care due to the deterioration of the wood; metal and steel buildings are made to last for many years thanks to the high quality materials that they were constructed out of.
While metal buildings and carports are very low maintenance, it is still important to keep an eye out for any issues that may occur over time. You will need to keep both the inside and the outside of your carport building clean so that the items that you have stored inside will remain clean and debris free as well. Make sure that there aren't any drafts or leaks inside the building, while this isn't common with most metal buildings, it can occur from time to time. So in order to prevent mildew build up or damage from moisture, keep an eye out for any openings that should not be present.
Depending on where and how your steel building has been installed, you may also need to watch out for common pests such as insects or rodents making their way inside your metal building. Keep an eye out for nests in dark corners or other unlit areas inside of the building. If you tend to have a problem with pests invading your storage space, it may be a good idea to clean out your steel building or carport on a regular basis and get rid of items that are no longer useful. This will allow you to get into all of those dark areas and remove any signs of mice or bugs as well as treat the area with pesticides if necessary.


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07 Jan, 2021 - 00:01 2021-01-07T02:00:43+00:00 2021-01-07T00:01:13+00:00 0 Views
JOHANNESBURG — South African police are investigating a possible international gold smuggling syndicate after three suspects were arrested at OR Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg on Tuesday with gold bars weighing 73.5kg in their carry-on luggage.
The gold bullion, worth an estimated US$4.1 million, looked suspicious when the three put their bags through a security check, according to the police.
"Upon questioning of the suspects and further inspection of their hand luggage, officials discovered the gold bars and some foreign currency," said police spokesperson Col Athlenda Mathe.
The suspects provided police with certification papers for the gold and South African authorities will work with Interpol and the countries involved to verify the origin and destination of the gold bars.
"There is a possibility that money laundering and fraud charges will be brought against the three accused at a later stage," said Mathe. – Yahoo News
Company pays for water pollution21 Jan, 2021
Fake test results sold in Lagos31 Dec, 2020
Covid-19 may be a blessing for Africa24 Dec, 2020


When you buy something from us, you're also buying a piece of what we believe in, too—dinner isn't just about it eating, it's about sharing a meal, stories and a smile with the people you love. And that's exactly what all of us at Mitchell's Soup Co. care about the most—creating a genuine and memorable food experience with modern flair for our customers each time they make one of our recipes.
I fully acknowledge this food post is not a regular recipe to try, but it's about cooking, so decided it still fit the bill. How many times have you been at a Farmer's Market or Country Style Store and come across prepackaged dry mixes for soups, chilis and salads? I have bought them as gifts, but honestly never made one myself.
After years of cooking, you start to get a feel for how good something might turn out. While reading the instructions, I knew right away this had potential. Best of all - you could mix it all together and just pop it in the oven. An hour later you pull it out and stir in the final ingredient. I need more easy, but quality cooking like this in my life. My husband doesn't like spicy, but while this has a definite curry element - he had to agree it wasn't "hot."
Here is how simple it is to make. Prepare large oven casserole dish. Add package mix. Add 4 cups water, 3 cups raw diced chicken breast (they say 1-2 cups but it really needs more), 1 cup frozen peas and 1 cup diced mango or apple (I had apple so used that). In addition I added a small package of diced onion/celery/carrots mix from the grocery store - about 1 cup total - and some sliced mushrooms that needed using up. That's it. Bake for 1 hour, take out of oven and stir in 3/4 cup yogurt or sour cream. I ended up adding a little more - about 1 cup of Greek Yogurt. How easy is that???
In closing, I want to add a few notes about Mitchell's Soup Co. It is a family owned business in Cowichan Valley, B.C., that all started all started around Y2K when the owner's mother began stocking up on dried beans and legumes just in case something happened. After the date passed uneventfully - she was left with a large stock of these ingredients and began packaging them in tubes to sell at farmer's markets. The rest is history. Everything is made in house in small batches from quality ingredients and recipes are triple tested. Offerings include soups, chilis, dahl, rice dishes, ancient grain salads and dessert.


Home » Door » Wooden Exterior Door » Lovely Wooden Exterior Door A Nicely Stain U0026 Finished Wood Front Door Makes A Great First Impression.
Lovely Wooden Exterior Door A Nicely Stain U0026 Finished Wood Front Door Makes A Great First Impression.
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NUSAP method for evaluating the data quality in a quantitative microbial risk assessment model for Salmonella in the pork production chain.
Last updated on 23-8-2019 by Anonymous (not verified)
Peer reviewed scientific article
Boone, Ides; Yves Van der Stede; Bollaerts, Kaatje; Vose, David; Maes, Dominiek; Dewulf, Jeroen; Messens, Winy; Daube, Georges; Aerts, Marc; Mintiens, Koen
Models, Theoretical
The numeral unit spread assessment pedigree (NUSAP) system was implemented to evaluate the quality of input parameters in a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model for Salmonella spp. in minced pork meat. The input parameters were grouped according to four successive exposure pathways: (1) primary production (2) transport, holding, and slaughterhouse, (3) postprocessing, distribution, and storage, and (4) preparation and consumption. An inventory of 101 potential input parameters was used for building the QMRA model. The characteristics of each parameter were defined using a sta…
The numeral unit spread assessment pedigree (NUSAP) system was implemented to evaluate the quality of input parameters in a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model for Salmonella spp. in minced pork meat. The input parameters were grouped according to four successive exposure pathways: (1) primary production (2) transport, holding, and slaughterhouse, (3) postprocessing, distribution, and storage, and (4) preparation and consumption. An inventory of 101 potential input parameters was used for building the QMRA model. The characteristics of each parameter were defined using a standardized procedure to assess (1) the source of information, (2) the sampling methodology and sample size, and (3) the distributional properties of the estimate. Each parameter was scored by a panel of experts using a pedigree matrix containing four criteria (proxy, empirical basis, method, and validation) to assess the quality, and this was graphically represented by means of kite diagrams. The parameters obtained significantly lower scores for the validation criterion as compared with the other criteria. Overall strengths of parameters related to the primary production module were significantly stronger compared to the other modules (the transport, holding, and slaughterhouse module, the processing, distribution, and storage module, and the preparation and consumption module). The pedigree assessment contributed to select 20 parameters, which were subsequently introduced in the QMRA model. The NUSAP methodology and kite diagrams are objective tools to discuss and visualize the quality of the parameters in a structured way. These two tools can be used in the selection procedure of input parameters for a QMRA, and can lead to a more transparent quality assurance in the QMRA.
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Carolyn_R._Bertozzi
Carolyn R. Bertozzi
Dr. Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi is an award-winning chemist. She is the T.Z. and Irmgard Chu Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley; Professor of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology at the University of California, San Francisco; is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Director of the Molecular Foundry, a nanoscience research center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. She was one of the youngest scientists ever to receive a MacArthur "genius" award, at only 33 years.
12 Practical Tips for Correct Weight Handling
Essential Laboratory Skills Guide
2 Significant Papers and Publications
3 Awards and Honors
Bertozzi was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1966. She received her bachelor's in chemistry at Harvard University, where she worked with Joe Grabowski on the design and construction of a photoacoustic calorimeter. After graduating she worked briefly at Bell Labs with Chris Chidsey and at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Bertozzi completed her Ph.D. at Berkeley in 1993 with Mark Bednarski, working on the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharide analogs. She was a postdoctoral fellow at UCSF with Steven Rosen, where she studied the activity of endothelial oligosaccharides in promoting cell adhesion at inflammation sites. Bertozzi joined the UC Berkeley faculty in 1996.
Bertozzi studies the glycobiology underlying diseases such as cancer, inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. In particular, Bertozzi has significantly advanced understanding of cell surface oligosaccharides involved in cell recognition and inter-cellular communication.
The Bertozzi lab has also developed significant tools for research, including chemical tools for studying glycans in living systems and more recently nanotechnologies for probing biological systems.
Bertozzi's father, William Bertozzi [1], and sister, Andrea Bertozzi [2], are also scientists.
Significant Papers and Publications
Science 1997
Prescher / Bertozzi Nature , the Staudinger ligation paper
Glycochemistry (2001) edited by Peng George Wang and Bertozzi
Ernst Schering Prize (2007)
Elected member (2005), National Academy of Sciences
Havinga Medal, Univ. Leiden (2005)
Agnes Fay Morgan Research Award (2004), Iota Sigma Pi
The T.Z. and Irmgard Chu Distinguished Professorship in Chemistry, UC Berkeley (2005)
Berkeley's Distinguished Teaching Award (2001)
The Donald Sterling Noyce Prize for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching (2001)
MacArthur Fellowship (1999)
Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award (1999), American Chemical Society
Elected member (2003), American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2002)
Irving Sigal Young Investigator Award of the Protein Society (2002)
Phi Beta Kappa (1987)
ACS Award in Pure Chemistry
Merck Academic Development Program Award
Glaxo Wellcome Scholars' Award
Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering
Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award
Hoarce S. Isbell Award in Carbohydrate Chemistry
Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship
Mary Beth Gardiner, "The Right Chemistry" (profile of Bertozzi), HHMI Bulletin Winter 2005, available at http://www.hhmi.org/bulletin/pdf/winter2005/Bertozzi.pdf
Categories: American chemists | Women chemists
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Carolyn_R._Bertozzi". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Carolyn_R._Bertozzi.html


The new cycleway bridge connecting Denton Holme and Currock, constructed by Story Contracting for Cumbria County Council, has been officially opened. Project works started back in January and were completed over the weekend with the removal of the old time-expired bridge during a night shift.
County Council Leader Stewart Young and Denton Holme City Councillor Hugh McDevitt cut the blue ribbon and pupils from the local Robert Ferguson Primary School then cycled over the bridge (wearing their STORY high vis vests!) to mark the official opening.
Councillor Stewart Young said: "The new bridge looks fantastic and offers full access for pedestrians, cyclists and wheelchair users. Residents and councillors have been campaigning for this improvement for many years, so this is a real red letter day for the local community. I'm absolutely delighted we now have a bridge that's fit for purpose and will make it much easier for people to get around and travel to work and school.
The new bridge vastly improves both the accessibility and scenery of the area.


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Saint-Pierre-du-Chemin  es una comuna francesa situada en el departamento de Vendée, en la región de Países del Loira.

Demografía

Enlaces externos
 INSEE

Saint Pierre Chemin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


From 1903 to 1908, Rainer Maria Rilke, the author of Duino Elegies and Sonnets to Orpheus, among many other books, wrote a series of responses to letters he had received from Franz Xaver Kappus, a young would-be poet. Rilke's letters—graceful instructions on the art of poetry and, more important, the art of living—were collected under the title Letters to a Young Poet and published in Germany in 1929, three years after the poet died of leukemia. M. D. Herter Norton eventually translated the book into English, and W. W. Norton published it in the United States in 1934.
Over seventy years later the book remains a favorite for poets of all generations. But more than a few readers have wondered, perhaps secretly, "Why are we only hearing from this Rilke guy?" Kappus died in 1966—he was nineteen when he began writing his letters—so a group of twenty-eight American poets have rerun Rilke's experiment in mentorship—with one significant difference. The Letters to Poets project is an organized correspondence between what the project's editors—poet Dana Teen Lomax, who lives in San Quentin, California, and poet Jennifer Firestone, who lives in New York City—label "emerging" poets (the pupils) and "established" poets (the mentors). Members of the mentor group include Wanda Coleman, Kathleen Fraser, Leslie Scalapino, Quincy Troupe, Anne Waldman, and John Yau. Anselm Berrigan, Brenda Coultas, Albert Flynn DeSilver, and Patrick Pritchett are among the emerging poets, or pupils. One of the main points of the project, however, is to break down the barrier between such distinctions.
"Jennifer and I take issue with the fact that the emerging voice of Kappus was absent from Letters to a Young Poet," says Lomax. "Their correspondence, then, was not an 'exchange' per se. Instead we wanted to hear not only what some of America's established contemporary poets have to say, but also what the younger poets are talking about, what they have to say."
So the two began asking various poets whether they would be interested in participating in their project, which began a year ago and recently culminated in a manuscript that features the correspondence of fourteen pairs of poets. "The complete manuscript is being reviewed by several book publishers," Firestone says. Excerpts from three of the pairs' correspondence—Fraser and Pritchett, Paul Hoover and DeSilver, and Scalapino and Judith Goldman—were recently published in the online magazine Jacket, and others have been submitted to various literary magazines.
Anne Waldman, the cofounder, with Allen Ginsberg, of the Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics at Naropa University and the author of over forty books, wrote to Karen Weiser, a young New York City poet who has published two chapbooks, as part of the project. "I had first heard of her when she was an undergraduate student at UC Santa Cruz, working under poet Peter Gizzi," says Waldman, "and then most likely met her through poet Anselm Berrigan—a long-time friend, who I have known since his birth, who is now Karen's husband." Despite their difference in age and experience—not to mention publishing credentials—she says, "I felt I was writing to her as a contemporary poet and equal."
For some, the situation was a bit more complicated and, at times, humorous. It's clear that these aren't private notes between introverted poets but a full-on public performance. Young Pritchett, for instance, talks about keeping faith with his work, and then asks (parenthetically, rhetorically), "How's that for Rilkean resonance?" Elsewhere, DeSilver engages in a bit of epistolary comedy with veteran Hoover. "And so, am I supposed to ask a question of the wise elder? Pine for acceptance, praise your genius, or just be with the words and write a letter as it comes in direct correspondence from the void, in the moment?" DeSilver asks. Hoover responds: "I, too, feel uneasy with the elder-younger frame of this project. The young poet asks Horace a question and Horace goes on for hours."
You ask whether your verses are any good. You ask me. You have asked others before this. You send them to magazines. You compare them with other poems, and you are upset when certain editors reject your work. Now (since you have said you want my advice) I beg you to stop doing that sort of thing. You are looking outside, and that is what you should most avoid doing right now. No one can advise or help you—no one. There is only one thing you should do. Go into yourself. Find out the reason that commands you to write; see whether it has spread its roots into the very depths of your heart; confess to yourself whether you would have to die if you were forbidden to write.
I feel lately I've hit a barrier in my work, a place where I'm repeating myself all right, but in all the wrong ways. This is the place every writer dreads: where yesterday's surprise and invention are today's cliché. The force of original thought that is a writer's style, as Synge calls it, can often decay into just a bag of tricks, a schtick of some kind. We all tend to repeat what proved successful once, but the risk we run by doing so is that the writing can just as often as not go flat. Even the most uncanny writing can erode into mannerism. I see it in older writers as well as those of my own generation, accomplished poets in their 30s and 40s who have hit on something forceful and new, but who then beat it into the ground. How do we escape this trap?
The fact that Pritchett, who is hardly an untested teenager—as Kappus was at the time of his famous correspondence—doesn't have a reputation the size of Rilke's does nothing to diminish the truth and power of his words. In fact, it makes one curious to hear what the other poets, established and otherwise, have to say.Perhaps Alfred Arteaga and Hajera Ghori, Jayne Cortez and Rosamond King, Joan Retallack and Brenda Iijima, Cecilia Vicuña and Jill Magi, and the other pairs who participated in the project have some real wisdom to impart. Or perhaps not.
Of course, the equal attention paid to mentor and pupil isn't the only way in which the Letters to Poets project differs from Rilke's Letters to a Young Poet. Whereas Kappus's and Rilke's letters were precisely that—letters—some of the contemporary poets corresponded using a slightly more convenient, albeit less romantic, mode of communication: e-mail.
Ken Gordon is the publisher of QuickMuse, the editor of JBooks, and a freelance writer.


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This content last refreshed on 4/20/2019 9:57 PM. Some properties which appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have sold or may no longer be available.


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Oologia sau ovologia este ramura ornitologiei care are drept obiect de studiu formarea oului și dezvoltarea sa, mai cu seamă oul de pasăre. Oologia cuprinde și studiul cuiburilor de păsări.

Etimologie
Cuvântul românesc oologie este un împrumut din franceză, oologie, care la rândul său este un împrumut din limba greacă, ωολογία, unde ωό înseamnă "ou" și λογία "știință".

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioan Oprea, Carmen-Gabriela Pamfil, Rodica Radu, Victoria Zăstroiu, Noul dicționar universal al limbii române, Ediția a doua, Editura Litera Internațional, București-Chișinău, 2007. ISBN 978-973-675-307-7

Păsări
Reptile
Ramuri ale zoologiei


A Little Something is a crafts cooperative for refugee women that fosters self-sufficiency through creating and selling homemade crafts. To support our cause, A Little Something relies on friendly, outgoing volunteers to make our sales happen!
Volunteers greet customers, share our mission and product knowledge, and complete sales transactions at various craft sale events around Denver. We are looking for volunteers who are able to volunteer occasionally for a 3-5 hour shift at various sales events.
Sharing our story with customers.
We are particularly looking for volunteers to help from September to December with Winter/Christmas sales, and during the summer months, but help is welcomed all year round.
Volunteers may occasionally work alongside and coach refugee participants at sales events. Training will be provided pre-sale and volunteers often work in teams at events.
Volunteers are passionate about our mission to empower Denver's refugee women through this local income generation craft project and share this knowledge of refugees and refugee participants' stories with customers. The service of our volunteers enables A Little Something to further its work to make a meaningful difference in the lives of Denver's refugee artisans.


SOUND HEALING:This 6 Healing Sounds Chi Kung Video was made in Uppsala, Sweden during one of the Universal Energy Arts Academy Mini Retreats. The combination of Healing Sounds and connection to the Pure Nature Energy of Mother Earth is Absolutely Spectacular. These Healing Sounds are great and skillful techniques for self empowerment, for cultivating Inner Joy, Harmony, Peace, Tranquility and Bliss.


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FREE $15 Download EPUB
By: Margot Lee Shetterly
The phenomenal true story of the black female mathematicians at NASA whose calculations helped fuel some of America's greatest achievements in space. Soon to be a major motion picture starring Taraji P. Henson, Octavia Spencer, Janelle Monae, Kirsten Dunst, and Kevin Costner.
Before John Glenn orbited the earth, or Neil Armstrong walked on the moon, a group of dedicated female mathematicians known as "human computers" used pencils, slide rules and adding machines to calculate the numbers that would launch rockets, and astronauts, into space.
Among these problem-solvers were a group
Pages:368 pages
Publication Date:Tue Dec 06 2016
Publisher:William Morrow Paperbacks
Readers:10
Among these problem-solvers were a group of exceptionally talented African American women, some of the brightest minds of their generation. Originally relegated to teaching math in the South's segregated public schools, they were called into service during the labor shortages of World War II, when America's aeronautics industry was in dire need of anyone who had the right stuff. Suddenly, these overlooked math whizzes had a shot at jobs worthy of their skills, and they answered Uncle Sam's call, moving to Hampton, Virginia and the fascinating, high-energy world of the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory.
Even as Virginia's Jim Crow laws required them to be segregated from their white counterparts, the women of Langley's all-black "West Computing" group helped America achieve one of the things it desired most: a decisive victory over the Soviet Union in the Cold War, and complete domination of the heavens.
Starting in World War II and moving through to the Cold War, the Civil Rights Movement and the Space Race, Hidden Figures follows the interwoven accounts of Dorothy Vaughan, Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson and Christine Darden, four African American women who participated in some of NASA's greatest successes. It chronicles their careers over nearly three decades they faced challenges, forged alliances and used their intellect to change their own lives, and their country's future.
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Sep 28, 2022 • 1HR 4M
Doyne Farmer discusses the explosive implications of his new research.
About a year ago, a group of scholars at Oxford University's Institute for New Economic Thinking released a working paper that made a considerable splash in the world of energy nerds. It has now been peer-reviewed and published in the journal Joule. It is called "Empirically grounded technology forecasts and the energy transition," which, I think you'll agree, is a title that really gets the blood pumping.
At the heart of the paper is a new way of forecasting technology costs that is more grounded in history and empirical data than the integrated assessment models (IAMs) used by organizations like the IPCC and the IEA. Those models have notoriously overestimated the future costs of clean energy technologies, and consequently counseled insufficient climate action, for decades now.
The Oxford scholars take a different approach, centered on technology "learning curves" (sometimes called "experience curves"). They begin by noting:
The prices of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas are volatile, but after adjusting for inflation, prices now are very similar to what they were 140 years ago, and there is no obvious long-range trend. In contrast, for several decades the costs of solar photovoltaics (PV), wind, and batteries have dropped (roughly) exponentially at a rate near 10% per year.
Those key clean-energy technologies are on learning curves. For technologies on a learning curve, "costs drop as a power law of cumulative production." Another way of saying that is, for every doubling of cumulative production, per-unit costs fall by X percent.
What that X figure is will vary among different technologies (and for many if not most technologies, there will be no learning curve at all), but the somewhat eerie thing is, for a given technology, X — the rate of learning — tends to persist over time within a relatively narrow band. Learning curves, historically, have been quite predictable and steady.
Learning curves are the subject of a rich and long-standing literature. What's novel about the Oxford paper is that it develops a new method of forecasting technology costs grounded in established historical learning curves.
The forecasts make probabilistic bets that technologies on learning curves will stay on them. If that's true, then the faster we deploy clean energy technologies, the cheaper they will get. If we deploy them fast enough reach net zero by 2050, as is our stated goal, then they will become very cheap indeed — cheap enough to utterly crush their fossil fuel competition, within the decade. Cheap enough that the most aggressive energy transition scenario won't cost anything — it will save over a trillion dollars relative to baseline.
We've gotten the sign wrong: the transition to clean energy is not a cost, it's a benefit. The implication is that it makes overwhelming sense to rapidly transition to clean energy technologies, without even counting climate and air pollution benefits. That's why the paper made a splash.
To discuss it, I called one of its co-authors, Doyne Farmer. Farmer is a longtime scientist and entrepreneur who has studied complex systems in physics, biology, and economics. His scientific accomplishments are too many to relate, but among them has been much recent work on learning curves and their dynamics.
I called him to talk about how his projections differ from the conventional sort, what other technologies might get on learning curves, and the implications of his forecasts for the broader energy transition.


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Vacuum Ejector with Filter with Traverse 08/2011 for large vacuum lifters Water Trap for Weha Vacuum Lifters .
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Customers Can Now Go 100 Percent Solar with PG&E's Solar Choice Program
SAN FRANCISCO, Calif. — Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) today launched PG&E's Solar Choice program, extending the option for 100 percent solar power to customers who are not planning to install rooftop solar panels. Customers can purchase half or all of their electric power from solar energy locally sourced in Northern and Central California, reducing their carbon footprint and driving the development of new solar resources within the state.
Approximately half of U.S. households and businesses are unable to install rooftop solar due to space, lack of sun exposure or ownership limitations.[1] For a modest charge, PG&E's Solar Choice program extends solar access and benefits to residential and business customers regardless of their location or ability to physically install rooftop solar. As the program develops, the solar energy purchased by customers will be sourced from new solar projects built by developers across PG&E's service area, bringing new green jobs to Northern and Central California.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Shared Solar: Current Landscape, Market Potential, and the Impact of Federal Securities Regulation, April 2015, http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/63892.pdf."]
"PG&E's Solar Choice program is all about giving customers more choice and control over their energy, and bringing the benefits of solar to our communities. Our customers already enjoy some of the cleanest power in the country. Now, they can directly contribute to bringing more renewable energy onto the electric grid – a win for our customers and for California," said PG&E Senior Vice President and Chief Customer Officer Laurie Giammona.
PG&E's Solar Choice can help renters, homeowners, businesses and cities meet their own sustainability, clean energy or climate goals. Additionally, participating organizations could qualify for LEED points for green building leadership as well as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Green Power Partnership for electricity generated from renewable resources.
Kelly Slater Wave Company is one of the first California businesses to partner with PG&E's Solar Choice to go 100 percent solar, purchasing renewable energy with zero greenhouse gas emissions and lowering their carbon footprint. The company is powering their new wave technology and high-performance training center in California's Central Valley.
"We are committed to encouraging sustainable development at any site using our technology. As part of this commitment, we are pleased that our first site in Central California is 100 percent powered by solar energy through PG&E's Solar Choice. This program allows Kelly Slater Wave Company to not only be a pioneer in wave technology, but also in supporting sustainable power initiatives as we act environmentally through an alternative to installing solar panels and fulfill our vision of building the best man-made wave," said Noah Grimmett, General Manager of Kelly Slater Wave Company.
PG&E recently announced that all of its operations service centers – nearly 100 facilities in Northern and Central California – will be 100 percent powered by solar energy through PG&E's Solar Choice program.
PG&E's Solar Choice is part of the company's ongoing commitment to support the growth of solar and enable customers to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from their electricity usage. To date, more than 55 percent of the energy PG&E delivers to customers comes from sources that emit no greenhouse gases. PG&E has already connected more than 215,000 solar customers to the grid and anticipates that PG&E's Solar Choice program will extend access to solar to approximately 40,000 additional homes and businesses across the company's service area.
PG&E's Solar Choice program is Green-e® Energy Certified. Green-e Energy is the nation's leading independent consumer protection program for renewable energy, and sets environmental and consumer-protection standards established by the nonprofit Center for Resource Solutions.
Customers can visit http://www.pge.com/solarchoice to learn more about the new program. View the online tool for more details on the monthly charge and environmental impact associated with signing up for PG&E's Solar Choice.
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| Tags: Breaking Green News, California, clean energy, Climate Change, Conservation, global warming, Go Green, going green, green business, Green Energy, green living, green living news, Green News, pg&e, renewable energies, save energy costs, solar choice, solar power, Solar Power For Your Home, sustainability
CMAX Energi Road Test gets over 115 MPG
Samsung and Pattern Development Start Operations at 180 MW Armow Wind Power Facility in Ontario


The Town Administrator's Office is currently accepting applications for the full-time position of Heavy Equipment Operator. Candidates must possess a working knowledge of heavy and light equipment operation and mechanics, the construction trades, and maintenance procedures. Candidates must also demonstrate skill in operating heavy equipment such as front-end loaders and backhoes; general knowledge of vehicle maintenance and repairs; the ability to perform heavy manual labor under varying weather conditions, and the ability to effectively and tactfully represent the department to the general public. Responsibilities include: plowing, sanding, sweeping, patching, paving and otherwise maintaining roads; installing and maintaining drainage systems and clearing catch basins; trimming and clearing trees and brush; mowing and maintaining parks and public grounds; painting and preparing roadway crossings and guard rails; installing and removing snow fencing; installing traffic and street signs; providing traffic control; and assisting other Town Departments in providing services as required. The position requires a high school diploma and three years of construction/labor experience as well as a valid MA Class 2B Hoisting License and Class B Commercial Drivers License. Wage range is $24.41 to $31.74 per hour with comprehensive benefits. Candidate must be a non-smoker per union contract and meet the 30 minute call-back requirement.


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Decay of Noun Declensions in Early Middle English
§ 424. The OE noun had the grammatical categories of Number and Case which were formally distinguished in an elaborate system of declensions. However, homonymous forms in the OE noun paradigms neutrlised some of the grammatical oppositions; similar endings employed in different declensions — as well as the influence of some types upon other types — disrupted the grouping of nouns into morphological class.
§ 425. Increased variation of the noun forms in the late 10th c. and especially in the 11th and 12th c. testifies to impending changes and to a strong tendency toward a re-arrangement and simplification of the declensions. The number of variants of grammatical forms in the 11th and 12th c. was twice as high as in the preceding centuries. Among the variant forms there were direct descendants of OE forms with phonetically weakened endings (the so-called "historical forms") and also numerous analogical forms taken over from other parts of the same paradigms and from more influential morphological classes.
The new variants of grammatical forms obliterated the distinction between the forms within the paradigms and the differences between the declensions. For instance, Early ME fisshes and bootes, direct descendants of the OE Nom. and Acc. pl of Masc. a-stems — fiscas, bātas — were used, as before, in the position of these cases and could also be used as variant forms of other cases — Gen. and Dat. pl — alongside the historical forms fisshe, boote (OE Gen. pl flsca, bāta)and fischen, booten or fisshe, boote (OE Dat. pl fiscum, bātum); (NE fish, boat). As long as all these variants co-existed, it was possible to mark a form more precisely by using a variant with a fuller ending, but when some of the variants went out of use and the non-distinctive, levelled variants prevailed, many forms fell together. Thus after passing through the "variation stage" many formal oppositions were lost.
The most numerous OE morphological classes of nouns were a-stems, ō-stems and n-stems. Even in Late OE the endings used in these types were added by analogy to other kinds of nouns, especially if they belonged to the same gender. That is how the noun declensions tended to be re-arranged on the basis of gender.
§ 426.The decline of the OE declension system lasted over three hundred years and revealed considerable dialectal differences. It started in the North of England and gradually spread southwards. The decay of inflectional endings in the Northern dialects began as early as the 10th c. and was virtually completed in the 11th; in the Midlands the process extended over the 12th c, while in the Southern dialects it lasted till the end of the 13th (in the dialect of Kent, the old inflectional forms were partly preserved even in the 14th c).
§ 427.The dialects differed not only in the chronology but also in the nature of changes. The Southern dialects re-arranged and simplified the noun declensions on the basis of stem and gender distinctions. In Early ME they employed only four markers — -es, -en, -e,and the root-vowel interchange — plus the bare stem (the "zero"-inflection) — but distinguished, with the help of these devices, several paradigms. Masc. and Neut. nouns had two declensions, weak and strong, with certain differences between the genders in the latter: Masc. nouns took the ending -es inthe Nom., Acc. pl, while Neut. nouns had variant forms: Masc. fishes — Neut. land/lande/landes. Most Fem. nouns belonged to the weak declension and were declined like weak Masc. and Neut. nouns The root-stem declension, as before, had mutated vowels in some forms and many variant forms which showed that the vowel interchange was becoming a marker of number rather than case. Cf.
ME, Southern dialects Corresponding OE forms
sg pl
Nom., Acc. foot feet fōt — fēt
Dat. foote, foot footen, feet fēt — fōtum
Gen. footes foote, feet fōtes — fōta
§ 428. In the Midland and Northern dialects the system of declension was much simpler. Infact, there was only one major type of declension and a few traces of other types, The majority of nouns took the endings of OE Masc. a-stems: -(e)s in the Gen. sg (from OE -es), -(e)s inthe pl irrespective of case (from OE -as: Nom. and Acc. sg, which had extended to other cases).
A small group of nouns, former root-stems, employed a root-vowel interchange to distinguish the forms of number. Survivals of other OE declensions were rare and should be treated rather as exceptions than as separate paradigms. Thus several former Neut. a-stems descending from long-stemmed nouns could build their plurals with or without the ending -(e)s; sg hors — pl hors or horses (see OE Neut. a-stems, § 164); some nouns retained weak forms with the ending -en alongside new forms in -es; some former Fem. nouns and some names of relations occur in the Gen. case without -(e)s like OE Fem. nouns, e. g. my fader soule, 'my father's soul'; In hope to standen in his lady grace — 'In the hope of standing in his lady's grace' (Chaucer) — though the latter can be regarded as a set phrase.
§ 429. In Late ME, when the Southern traits were replaced by Central and Northern traits in the dialect of London, this pattern of noun declensions prevailed in literary English. The declension of nouns in the age of Chaucer is given in Table 1 together with some variants and minor groups showing the main deviations, exceptions and variations.
The declension of nouns in the age of Chaucer, in its main features, was the same as inMod E. The simplification of noun morphology was on the whole completed. Most nouns distinguished two forms: the basic form (with the "zero" ending) and the form in -(e)s. The nouns originally descending from other types of declensions for the most part had joined this major type, which had developed from Masc. a-stems (see Table 1on p. 225).
Declension of Nouns in the Late 14th and 15th c.
Main declension
Variant forms and deviations
Comm. case (OE Nom., Dat., Acc., fish, end(e)
tale, sun(e), etc.
wolf, hous(e), etc.
Gen. case) fishes, endes, tales, sunes, etc. lady/ladys, fader/faderes
wolves, houses, etc.[49]
Comm. case (OE Nom., Dat., Acc., fishes, endes hors/horses/horsen, thing/thinges, eyen/eyes
tales, sunes, etc.
wolves, houses, etc.
Gen. case) fishes, endes
tales, sunes
Minor groups
Comm. case foot, mous(e), ox
Gen. case footes, mouses, oxen
Comm. case feet, mis(e), oxen brothers/brethern
childre/children
Gen. case feetes, mices, oxen(es)
Articulatory classification of English consonants
Changes in alphabet and spelling in Middle and New English
CHANGES IN THE NOMINAL SYSTEM IN MIDDLE ENGLISH AND NEW ENGLISH
Changes of Short Vowels in Early New English
Changes of Stressed Vowels in Early Old English
Contextual alternations in English
Decay of Declensions and Grammatical Categories


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Q: Jquery How to trigger function on without specifying events in the list I have a list of items and can be removed by clicking.
I need the first item to be the highlight only when there is one item on the list.
I have tried to do that by the click event. However, would it be possible to do it without .click()? (or any other events). The reason is that this list is dynamically interacting with other lists that the list item may change by other functions.
In other words, the list is dynamically changing, could jquery keep checking whether there is only one item on the list (without specifying specific event trigger)?

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$('#container').delegate('li', 'click', function() {
  $(this).remove();
});

$('#container').click(function(){
  if ($('#container').children().length == 1) {
    $("#container li:first-child" ).css( "background-color", "#fff2ac" );
  }
}

A: You can do this purely with CSS with a rule that checks if the li is both the :first-child AND the :last-child -

.container li:first-child:last-child {
  background-color: red;
}

List With Many Items

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List With One Item

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List With Two Items

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange