text:
Pa. State House stands still; parties can't agree on rules need to advance legislation
Pennsylvania Rep. Mark Rozzi, of Berks County, comments during an interview in Harrisburg May 22, 2018. Rozzi was elected to the the new speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023.
BLAINE SHAHAN | Staff Photographer
STEPHEN CARUSO AND KATIE MEYER | Spotlight PA
HARRISBURG — Pennsylvania's closely divided state House has recessed indefinitely, throwing the chamber's agenda, including a number of far-reaching constitutional amendments, into limbo.
Speaker Mark Rozzi, D-Berks, sent lawmakers home without taking a single vote Monday after Democratic and Republican leaders failed to reach an agreement on rules needed to advance any legislation.
State House lawmakers briefly met to honor Gov. Tom Wolf's request for a special session aimed at passing a constitutional amendment that would provide relief for survivors of childhood sexual abuse. The amendment is Rozzi's chief priority and he has said that as long as he's speaker, "the House will consider no other legislation" until it's done.
Leadership from both parties previously agreed to prioritize the passage of the amendment, which would open a two-year window in which survivors of childhood sexual abuse could sue their abusers and the institutions that covered up the crimes.
If the state House and Senate both approve the amendment before the end of the month, it will appear on the May ballot.
But a razor-thin partisan split in the lower chamber has effectively brought the state House to a standstill as Democrats and Republicans vie for control of committees and the power to set the agenda.
Rozzi, who was abused by a priest as a child, is now at the center of the struggle after his surprise ascent to the speakership.
"History will not judge us based on how many Democratic Party wins or Republican Party wins we achieve, but we will be judged based on what we did for the children of this Common-wealth," Rozzi said in a statement Monday.
The state Senate, firmly in Republican control, also met Monday but did not take up the civil relief amendment. Instead, GOP lawmakers advanced constitutional amendments that would expand voter ID rules, mandate additional election audits, and make it easier for the General Assembly to override the governor's regulations.
Wolf asks Pa. legislature to advance relief for child sex abuse survivors during special session
'I'm glad he's there'
Caught in the middle of the legislative dysfunction is a dedicated community of childhood sexual abuse survivors, who called Monday a disappointing continuation of emotionally taxing inaction. Still, their trust in Rozzi appears unshaken.
"However (Rozzi) got to the speakership, I'm glad he's there," said James Faluszczak, a 53-year-old survivor from Erie. A vocal advocate for survivors, Rozzi became speaker less than a week ago in a bargain engineered by Republican leaders.
In exchange for their support, Republican leaders said Rozzi would declare himself independent and formally change his voter registration, state House Republican Leader Bryan Cutler, R-Lancaster, told reporters Monday. Rozzi has yet to comment on the deal, and has communicated with the public and press only through a handful of written statements.
If Rozzi drops his affiliation, Democrats will likely be denied the majority in the chamber even after three special elections the party is expected to win are held. One is scheduled for Feb. 7, but the dates of the other two are pending a court decision.
State Rep. Jim Gregory, R-Blair, a survivor of childhood sexual abuse and the main sponsor of the relief amendment, formally nominated Rozzi for speaker. He said he and Rozzi had been concerned in recent months that a speakership deadlock could derail their hopes of getting the proposal on the May ballot.
But as of Monday, Rozzi had not changed his affiliation, and Gregory had lost confidence he ever would. In a letter first seen by Spot-light PA, he asked Rozzi to resign as speaker.
"I placed great belief and faith in you that you would live up to the words I spoke in my nomination speech for you. I placed greater faith and belief that you would live up to the words you delivered in your acceptance speech," Gregory wrote in a letter Monday. "However, it is with great sadness for me as your friend that you would admit to me Saturday that you are only thinking about switching."
Lancaster lawmakers disagree on what Mark Rozzi's House Speaker win means for a party majority
Late last week, Wolf called a special session to address the sex abuse amendment.
Proposed amendments must pass the Legislature in two consecutive sessions before going to voters state-wide for consideration.
Both chambers passed Gregory's abuse amendment during the previous two-year session, and Democratic and Republican leaders have said they intend to pass it a second time so that it can go to voters.
The question is when they will do so.
If lawmakers don't pass the measure soon, it won't appear on the May ballot and will have to wait until at least November. Rozzi, Gregory and other survivors have said that wait would be unacceptable.
While Rozzi and Democrats want to consider the amendment during Wolf's special session, Republicans in both chambers said they would prefer to pass it in a regular session alongside other priorities.
State House Republicans did, however, propose rules to govern the special session.
According to a draft shared by a House Republican spokesperson, the rules would set up three committees to consider legislation and give Republicans a partisan advantage on each. This could allow the party to pair the amendment on childhood sexual abuse with their other priorities, such as an amendment to require all voters present ID whenever they vote by mail or in-person.
"Our top priorities were the three constitutional amendments — statute of limitations, voter ID, and the ability to talk about regulatory reform," Cutler said Monday. "That continues to be our goal. We believe that they aligned with Speaker Rozzi's goals as well."
Democrats planned to offer rules that would give Rozzi control over the special session, according to a summary viewed by Spotlight PA and confirmed with Democratic lawmakers.
Rozzi would appoint the three members of the only committee under the proposed rules. Any changes to a bill would need to be approved by a two-thirds vote, as opposed to a simple majority, and the topic of the session would be restricted to child sexual abuse.
How did Rozzi get elected speaker? Surprise move sends Berks County Independent to lead divided Legislature
Hammering out rules
At the moment, there are more Republican lawmakers serving in the chamber than Democrats, and Cutler said Monday he believed the caucus had the votes to pass the GOP's rules. Instead, Rozzi recessed the chamber before canceling future session days.
In a statement, Rozzi said he would convene a work group of six lawmakers — three Democrats and three Republicans — to hammer out operating rules. These rules govern how bills are introduced, debated, and approved by the full chamber.
As the state House grappled over the rules, the state Senate advanced a number of constitutional amendments— but not the one related to childhood sexual abuse.
The chamber's State Government Committee approved amendments that would expand voter ID requirements, give the Legislature more power to override the governor's regulations, and require the auditor general to perform annual election reviews. One Democrat, state Sen. Lisa Boscola of Lehigh County, voted yes with all Republicans.
State Senate President Pro Tempore Kim Ward, R-Westmoreland, declined to say when the abuse amendment would move in her chamber.
A lack of action would be another chapter in a series of demoralizing setbacks for supporters of the proposal.
In 2021, when it appeared the amendment had cleared its many legislative hurdles and would appear on the May ballot, the Wolf administration announced that due to "internal systemic failures," the measure had been insufficiently advertised and could not legally go to a vote. The process to pass it had to begin anew in the Legislature.
Early on Monday, Gregory said he had no idea what would happen with the amendment.
"For the sake of my recovery and my sobriety, I have to put it in God's hands," he said.
Spotlight PA is an independent, nonpartisan newsroom powered by The Philadelphia Inquirer in partnership with PennLive/The Patriot-News, TribLIVE/Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, and WITF Public Media.
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Powerandpolicy


text:
package com.google.android.exoplayer2.source.hls;

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.MediaItem;
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.offline.StreamKey;
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.upstream.DataSource;
import java.util.Collections;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

/** Unit test for {@link DashMediaSource}. */
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class HlsMediaSourceTest {

  // Tests backwards compatibility
  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
  @Test
  public void factorySetTag_nullMediaItemTag_setsMediaItemTag() {
    Object tag = new Object();
    MediaItem mediaItem = MediaItem.fromUri("http://www.google.com");
    HlsMediaSource.Factory factory =
        new HlsMediaSource.Factory(mock(DataSource.Factory.class)).setTag(tag);

    MediaItem dashMediaItem = factory.createMediaSource(mediaItem).getMediaItem();

    assertThat(dashMediaItem.playbackProperties).isNotNull();
    assertThat(dashMediaItem.playbackProperties.uri).isEqualTo(mediaItem.playbackProperties.uri);
    assertThat(dashMediaItem.playbackProperties.tag).isEqualTo(tag);
  }

  // Tests backwards compatibility
  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
  @Test
  public void factorySetTag_nonNullMediaItemTag_doesNotOverrideMediaItemTag() {
    Object factoryTag = new Object();
    Object mediaItemTag = new Object();
    MediaItem mediaItem =
        new MediaItem.Builder().setUri("http://www.google.com").setTag(mediaItemTag).build();
    HlsMediaSource.Factory factory =
        new HlsMediaSource.Factory(mock(DataSource.Factory.class)).setTag(factoryTag);

    MediaItem dashMediaItem = factory.createMediaSource(mediaItem).getMediaItem();

    assertThat(dashMediaItem.playbackProperties).isNotNull();
    assertThat(dashMediaItem.playbackProperties.uri).isEqualTo(mediaItem.playbackProperties.uri);
    assertThat(dashMediaItem.playbackProperties.tag).isEqualTo(mediaItemTag);
  }

  // Tests backwards compatibility
  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
  @Test
  public void factorySetTag_setsDeprecatedMediaSourceTag() {
    Object tag = new Object();
    MediaItem mediaItem = MediaItem.fromUri("http://www.google.com");
    HlsMediaSource.Factory factory =
        new HlsMediaSource.Factory(mock(DataSource.Factory.class)).setTag(tag);

    @Nullable Object mediaSourceTag = factory.createMediaSource(mediaItem).getTag();

    assertThat(mediaSourceTag).isEqualTo(tag);
  }

  // Tests backwards compatibility
  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
  @Test
  public void factoryCreateMediaSource_setsDeprecatedMediaSourceTag() {
    Object tag = new Object();
    MediaItem mediaItem =
        new MediaItem.Builder().setUri("http://www.google.com").setTag(tag).build();
    HlsMediaSource.Factory factory =
        new HlsMediaSource.Factory(mock(DataSource.Factory.class)).setTag(new Object());

    @Nullable Object mediaSourceTag = factory.createMediaSource(mediaItem).getTag();

    assertThat(mediaSourceTag).isEqualTo(tag);
  }

  // Tests backwards compatibility
  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
  @Test
  public void factorySetStreamKeys_emptyMediaItemStreamKeys_setsMediaItemStreamKeys() {
    MediaItem mediaItem = MediaItem.fromUri("http://www.google.com");
    StreamKey streamKey = new StreamKey(/* groupIndex= */ 0, /* trackIndex= */ 1);
    HlsMediaSource.Factory factory =
        new HlsMediaSource.Factory(mock(DataSource.Factory.class))
            .setStreamKeys(Collections.singletonList(streamKey));

    MediaItem dashMediaItem = factory.createMediaSource(mediaItem).getMediaItem();

    assertThat(dashMediaItem.playbackProperties).isNotNull();
    assertThat(dashMediaItem.playbackProperties.uri).isEqualTo(mediaItem.playbackProperties.uri);
    assertThat(dashMediaItem.playbackProperties.streamKeys).containsExactly(streamKey);
  }

  // Tests backwards compatibility
  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
  @Test
  public void factorySetStreamKeys_withMediaItemStreamKeys_doesNotOverrideMediaItemStreamKeys() {
    StreamKey mediaItemStreamKey = new StreamKey(/* groupIndex= */ 0, /* trackIndex= */ 1);
    MediaItem mediaItem =
        new MediaItem.Builder()
            .setUri("http://www.google.com")
            .setStreamKeys(Collections.singletonList(mediaItemStreamKey))
            .build();
    HlsMediaSource.Factory factory =
        new HlsMediaSource.Factory(mock(DataSource.Factory.class))
            .setStreamKeys(
                Collections.singletonList(new StreamKey(/* groupIndex= */ 1, /* trackIndex= */ 0)));

    MediaItem dashMediaItem = factory.createMediaSource(mediaItem).getMediaItem();

    assertThat(dashMediaItem.playbackProperties).isNotNull();
    assertThat(dashMediaItem.playbackProperties.uri).isEqualTo(mediaItem.playbackProperties.uri);
    assertThat(dashMediaItem.playbackProperties.streamKeys).containsExactly(mediaItemStreamKey);
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home Admission BHU ADMISSIONS 2020: STUDENTS START SATYAGRAH TO PROTEST AGAINST ENTRANCE EXAMS
BHU ADMISSIONS 2020: STUDENTS START SATYAGRAH TO PROTEST AGAINST ENTRANCE EXAMS
Image Source: Amar Ujala
An understudy of Banaras Hindu University (BHU) has started an initiative "Satyagrah" to protest and fight against BHU's decision to conduct entrance exams amid coronavirus pandemic. BHU's UET 2020 (Undergraduate entrance test) and BHU's PET 2020 (Postgraduate entrance test) are scheduled to be conducted in September.
Neeraj Rai, an understudy of Banaras Hindu University in a letter to BHU's vice-chancellor has appealed to increment the number of entrance examination centers in the country.
Rai in his letter said that the number of examination centers should be increased. So that students will not have to travel far places to appear for the exam. As the increase in the number of centers will lead to the establishment of examination centers in various districts.
Mr. Rai further proposed that the University should form an expert committee amid pandemic. The committee will ensure sanitization, social distancing, and other safety and health measures are being followed appropriately in the examination centers.
BHU ADMISSION 2020: ENTRANCE TESTS RESCHEDULED FOR UG, PG COURSES
The student also demanded that the expert committee formed by the University takes charge during the exam. The expert committee must ensure that there should be limited students in an examination Center. This will reduce the possibility of spreading infection.
BHU Entrance Test 2020
Aspirants striving to appear for the BHU entrance test 2020 have asked to make the necessary arrangements at the examination centers before administering BHU entrance 2020. The exams were previously scheduled to be conducted between 16 to 31 August. However, the Univerity has revised its entrance dates. The entrance test will now be conducted between 9 to 14 September.
Over 5.25 lakh students have applied for 12,500 UG and PG seats in BHU. The Banaras Hindu University student asserted that it is the responsibility of BHU to take care of the safety and health of students.
NO FURTHER POSTPONEMENT FOR ENTRANCE EXAMS OF NEET, JEE MAIN EXAM DEMANDED BY STUDENTS
BHU student further said that in the flood-affected areas like Bihar and Assam, the transportation facility has disrupted. He added that it will not be possible for students to travel to exam centers due to the flood situation.
A statement by existing BHU students proposed that the University should make all the necessary arrangements. Furthermore, the University with the help of National Information Centers (CIC) should establish examination centers in every district.
FOR MORE SUCH UPDATES FOLLOW US ON INSTAGRAM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What is this engagement about?
The Ministry of Health invites general practitioners (GPs) and specialists to provide input and advice about specific drugs and indications under review.
The Ministry of Health gathers evidence-informed input from clinicians about specific drugs and indications under review.
This input is collected as a short clinical practice reviewer (CPR) report that captures a clinician's confidential input and advice about a specific drug and indication, based on their clinical practice experience and drug- or indication-specific expertise.
This is an ongoing engagement inviting input from B.C.-based general practitioners (GPs) and specialists as new drugs are reviewed regularly under the drug review process.
How can my contribution make a difference?
CPR reports inform PharmaCare drug coverage decisions about whether or not to list a drug on the provincial formulary.
This input consists of preparing a short three to five page clinical practice reviewer report that answers specific questions and captures a clinician's confidential input and advice about a drug and indication, based on clinical practice experience and drug- and indication-specific expertise.
Clinicians who prepare a clinical practice reviewer report are compensated for their time. They may also claim professional development/continuing medical education (CPD/CME) credits from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons' Maintenance of Certification Program (MOC Program) or The College of Family Physicians of Canada Maintenance of Proficiency (MAINPRO®) program. See the PharmaCare clinical practice reviewer reports webpage for more details about claiming CPD/CME credits.


Whatever interior or room you could be remodelling, the reclaimed wood wall art has many benefits that may suit your expectations. Explore many photos to turn into posters or prints, offering common themes for example landscapes, culinary, animals, pets, city skylines, and abstract compositions. With the addition of groups of wall art in various shapes and measurements, as well as different artwork and decor, we added curiosity and personality to the space.
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Safety Tips to Avoid an Accident With a Semi | Johnson & Gilbert, P. A.
Any motor vehicle accident can cause victims to suffer serious injuries. However, the chances they will suffer catastrophic injuries that cause permanent disability and major changes in their lives are magnified if the crash involves a semi, tanker, bus, or another large commercial vehicle.
Many of these tragic wrecks are caused by the negligence of truck drivers and transportation companies.
While you cannot control the actions of truckers and their employers, you can take steps when driving on Florida roads to keep you and your family safe.
When considering how to drive safely around big rigs, tankers, and other commercial haulers, it's important to remember their inherent limitations. These vehicles have blind spots, longer stopping distances, and limited maneuverability.
Avoid blind spots. An operator won't see you if you're in the blind spots, which are directly in front or in back of the truck, or along the sides. Usually the rule to remember is if you can't see the truck's mirrors, the operator can't see you.
Pass safely. Once again, use the truck mirrors to your advantage. Be certain you see the driver in his side mirror before passing his truck, then signal and pass quickly to minimize the time in the blind spots. You also need to see the truck in your rearview mirror before pulling in front of it, and allow ample space between you.
Avoid cutting in. When merging into a lane in front of a large vehicle, you never want to cut in too closely. These commercial carriers take longer to slow down than motor vehicles, and the trucker may not have sufficient time to reduce his speed if you cut in front of him.
Don't follow too closely. The American Trucking Association provides this surprising fact: not only should you never tailgate a truck, but also make sure to allow 20-25 car lengths between the two of you. You have to be certain to have time to react if the trucker needs to stop suddenly. This helps you avoid a dangerous underride collision.
Expect wide turns. Truckers often have to swing wide or start a turn from the middle rather than the left or right lanes. Anticipate this and give a large vehicle extra space when you see its turn signal.
Unfortunately, a negligent trucker could cause you or a loved one to suffer serious injuries in a commercial vehicle accident no matter how carefully you drive. Our experienced and trusted car accident attorneys are here to fight for the compensation that you deserve. Fill out our online form to schedule a free consultation to get your questions answered.
Who's Responsible for Paying My Car Crash Medical Bills?


text:
Der Kreis Yichuan () ist ein Kreis der bezirksfreien Stadt Yan'an im Norden der Provinz Shaanxi. Er hat eine Fläche von 2.937 km² und zählt 112.090 Einwohner (Stand: Zensus 2020).

Das Kreisgebiet erstreckt sich entlang des Gelben Flusses, der als Grenzfluss die Provinzen Shaanxi und Shanxi trennt. Zwischen Yichuan und dem Kreis Ji in Shanxi bildet der Gelbe Fluss den Hukou-Wasserfall. Im Kreisgebiet befindet sich außerdem die paläolithische Longwangchan-Stätte (龙王辿遗址, Lóngwángchān yízhǐ), die seit 2013 auf der Liste der Denkmäler der Volksrepublik China steht.

Administrative Gliederung
Auf Gemeindeebene setzt sich der Kreis aus fünf Großgemeinden und sieben Gemeinden zusammen.

Weblinks
  - Chinesisch

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Shaanxi
Kreis / Banner (China)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Message from the City Manager….
It is my pleasure to welcome you to the City of Escanaba, the seat of Delta County. We are located along the shores of Little Bay De Noc, in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. As of the 2014 census, we had a population of 12,616, making our City the third-largest city in the Upper Peninsula.
Escanaba began as a port town in 1863, gaining importance in the U.S.A. as a shipping point for iron ore, lumber and copper during the Civil War. Escanaba is home to one of the safest natural harbors in the upper Great Lakes, which makes the area a natural destination for boaters, anglers and outdoor enthusiasts. Today, Escanaba and the surrounding area are home to a major wood product manufacturing operation, coated paper manufacturing operation, thermoformed packaging operation, ore shipping, railroad operation, and one of the finest handcrafted bedding manufacturers in the bedding industry, to name a few.
Escanaba is an ideal city in which to live and do business. Escanaba's downtown features more than a mile of unique, distinctive shops and service businesses offering free WiFi to visitors, residents and businesses. We have over 424 acres of maintained parks and playgrounds; we boast about our top-notched public Library that offers extensive services not typically found in a community our size; and we have an Art Center featuring some of the finest community theater and art exhibits in the Midwest. We are also the home of a municipally-supported band, a premier health care system, and a quality educational system, including a community college. We have a modern airport that provides both corporate and general aviation services.
I, along with all employees of the city invite you to take some time to visit and to experience our outstanding quality of life, including beautiful parks and open spaces, access to one of the best fisheries on the Great Lakes and a very favorable business climate which will embrace you and help make your dreams a reality.
We welcome the opportunity for you to experience first-hand the warm, northern hospitality of Escanaba. And if the office of the City Manager can be of assistance to you, don't hesitate to contact me.


On the way from Ljubljana we stop on the edge of a 300 metre high karst rock to visit Socerb Castle offering breathtaking views of the Slovenian coast. Due to its location, Socerb Castle was already an important stronghold in Illyrian times;it was modified into a fortress in the Roman period.
On the coast we first walk through Piran, a well-known seaside fishing village with a rich history that is heavily intertwined with the history of the Venetian Republic. We continue towards Portoroz, the centre of Slovenian tourism on the coast. In the summer we recommend a visit to the Soline Nature Park, one of the most important cultural sites in Slovenia, where traditional methods of salt production are still used.The salt-rich soil of these wetlands provides ideal living conditions for a variety of plants and animals. We also visit medieval Koper with its well-preserved Venetian architecture.
After lunch, we move along the panoramic path with a picturesque view over the coast towards Hrastovlje, known for its Romanesque church of the Holy Trinity, listed on the World Heritage List. The church is known for its frescoes from the 15th century - the most remarkable among them is the Danse Macabre that illustrates the powerlessness of both poor and rich before Death.
If there is enough time, on our way back we stop in the picturesque karst valley Rakov Škocjan, a first-class marvel of nature. On a short walk we explore the beautiful Rak gorge with its two natural bridges created by water.
*Price includes: transport and guidance in English, Russian language.
Optional supplements: entrance to Soline Nature Park (8,5 €/ person), entrance to Romanesque church of the Holy Trinity in Hrastovlje (3 €/ person).


text:
Pan Mohamad Faiz, S.H., M.C.L., Ph.D.
Constitutional Law, Comparative Constitutional Law, Constitutional Court and Human Rights
Constitutional Review and Freedom of Religion
Posted on October 11, 2007 by Pan Mohamad Faiz, S.H., M.C.L., Ph.D.
PROTECTING FREEDOM OF RELIGION IN INDONESIA
THROUGH CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW
Pan Mohamad Faiz, New Delhi, India*
The history and development of constitutional practice in Indonesia within 62 years never asides from process of trial and error. It is conducted to create more democratic living society with a high respect on human right values.
One of the important developments in our constitutional structure was the establishment of Constitutional Court as a response of demand for strengthening the check and balances mechanism in government's role system.
The improvement of constitutional living post-amendment has developed very fast day by day. Recently, Indonesian society has entranced into a new stage of constitutional practice in regards to fight for their basic rights on freedom of religion. These basic rights has clearly stated in Article 28B (1), Article 28I (1), and Article 29 of 1945 Constitution as well as in International Human Rights instruments, particularly in Article 18 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and Article 18 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
Till today, the main problem regarding to the protection of freedom of religion never emerge in the latitude of constitutional review. It is a decision of Constitutional Court No. 12/PUU-V/2007 on Constitutional Review of certain recruitments for practicing polygamy under the Marriage Act, 1974 which has opened the gate to start the constitutional activism for the protection of freedom of religion in order to implement the religious practice as a fundamental right of every Indonesian citizen.
Whatever the verdict of Constitutional Court which has a final and binding decision, we can conclude that the horizon of Indonesian constitutional practice has begun to move forward with the issue which has a close relationship between conception of constitution, freedom of religion and citizen.
Constitution as a supreme law of the land is a basic structure of governmental system in every nation. Every country, however, has different characteristic of its constitution which can influence the form of the state. In regards to the freedom of religion, we often hear a difference between the concept of religious state, secular state, and other concepts.
The result of 46th Amendment of Indian Constitution which added the word "secular" in its Preamble has shown that India is a secular state with special emphasize in respect to the values on freedom of religion and tolerance.
The First Amendment of American Constitution gives a guarantee on freedom of religion for each of its citizen, but it doesn't give any chance for its legislature to make any Law that can regulate the religious practice.
In their research on relationship between constitution and freedom of religion, Tad Stahnke and Robert C. Blitt (2005) divided the countries which have majority muslim population into four categorizes, they are: first, the countries declaring themselves as an Islamic-State; second, the countries stating Islam as the official religion of the state; third, the countries declaring themselves as secular-state; and fourth, the country never declaring anything in their constitution, whereas one of them is Indonesia.
If Indonesia is categorized as the latest, then the question is what is the real concept of our state which has been created by our founding fathers? To answer this question, Mahfud M.D. tries to explain using the prismatic conception which is adopted from the terminology made by Fred. W. Riggs.
From the constitutional perspectives, according to him, Indonesia is a Pancasila State. It means that Indonesia neither is a religion-state nor a secular state. A religion-state only based on a particular religion while a secular-state prevents religion from interfering with state affairs. Moreover, the Pancasila State is a religious nation state in which a nation protects and facilitates the development of all religions followed by the people without any different treatment due to the quantity of its followers.
In this context, it is a must that a State has to have a constitutional obligation to protect the freedom of religion for each of its citizen. Quoting the association which is used by Jimly Asshiddiqie, when the Constitution stands on one of our hands, the holy book has also stand in another hand. It means that those two things have to work in harmony and it cannot contradict one to each others.
Using the approach of comparative study, Indonesia is one of the countries which lacks of experience on the effort of protection of freedom of religion through the constitutional review mechanism. In fact, this mechanism has become an important tool in other countries when the right to practice the freedom of religion cumbered by the regulation or any actions of the State.
In some countries, such as India, United States and Germany, the constitutional review on the ground of freedom of religion is a common practice. For instance, the case on Mudghal v. India (1995) about the planning of law unification due to the growing practice of polygamy in India, or the case on Wels v. United State (1970) about the rejection of one person to accede the battle of war because it is against his belief.
Another interesting case on Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (Bundesverfassungsgericht) is "the traditional slaughter case" (BvR 1783/99, 2002). The court accepted the petition of constitutional review on the provision of animal slaughter method under the Animal Protection Act. Several provisions on this Act, according to the applicant, hamper the practice of worship based on his religion.
With the development on constitutional review practice, the guarantee and the protection of freedom of religion and its practice will become stronger. Unfortunately, the constitutional review in Indonesia merely can be done by reviewing laws against the Constitution. It excludes from the mechanism of constitutional complaint where it has become the most important authority of the Germany Constitutional Court.
Consequently, many government actions in the middle of society, all form of regulations and decisions of court which are believed violate the provision of freedom of religion in 1945 Constitution cannot be reviewed perfectly before the Constitutional Court.
It means that the Indonesian constitutional system and its practice have to be developed more seriously. Due to the lacuna of constitutional protection mechanism, it can be predicted that in the future there will be a huge obstacle to fulfill the basic rights of citizen in order to achieve the intrinsic of freedom of religion.
* The writer is a Postgraduate student on Comparative Constitutional Law at Faculty of Law, University of Delhi. He can be reached on http://faizlawjournal.blogspot.com.
Education is not a product – mark, diploma, job, money – in that order; it is a process a never-ending one.
This entry was posted in Const. Court, Const. Law, Freedom of religion, Human Rights, Judicial Review, Religion by Pan Mohamad Faiz, S.H., M.C.L., Ph.D.. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License. See License.txt in the project root for license information.

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace Microsoft.Azure.Services.AppAuthentication
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Gets a token using Azure CLI 2.0 for local development scenarios.
    /// az account get-access-token --resource
    /// </summary>
    internal class AzureCliAccessTokenProvider : NonInteractiveAzureServiceTokenProviderBase
    {
        // Allows for unit testing, by mocking IProcessManager
        private readonly IProcessManager _processManager;

        // Constants related to command to execute to get token using Azure CLI
        private const string Cmd = "cmd.exe";
        private const string Bash = "/bin/bash";
        private const string GetTokenCommand = "az account get-access-token -o json";
        private const string ResourceArgumentName = "--resource";

        // This is the path that a develop can set to tell this class what the install path for Azure CLI is.
        private const string AzureCliPath = "AzureCLIPath";

        // The default install paths are used to find Azure CLI. This is for security, so that any path in the calling program's Path environment is not used to execute Azure CLI.
        private readonly string _azureCliDefaultPathWindows =
            $"{Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ProgramFiles(x86)")}\\Microsoft SDKs\\Azure\\CLI2\\wbin; {Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ProgramFiles")}\\Microsoft SDKs\\Azure\\CLI2\\wbin"
        ;

        // Default path for non-Windows.
        private const string AzureCliDefaultPath = "/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin";

        internal AzureCliAccessTokenProvider(IProcessManager processManager)
        {
            _processManager = processManager;
            PrincipalUsed = new Principal { Type = "User" };
        }

        private ProcessStartInfo GetProcessStartInfo(string resource)
        {
            ProcessStartInfo startInfo;

#if FullNetFx
                 startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
                    {
                        FileName = Path.Combine(Environment.SystemDirectory, Cmd),
                        Arguments = $"/c {GetTokenCommand} {ResourceArgumentName} {resource}"
                    };

            // Default install location for Az CLI is included. If developer has installed to non-default location, the path can be specified using AzureCliPath variable.
            startInfo.EnvironmentVariables["PATH"] = $"{Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(AzureCliPath)};{_azureCliDefaultPathWindows}";
#else
            if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
            {
                startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
                {
                    FileName = Path.Combine(EnvironmentHelper.SystemDirectory, Cmd),
                    Arguments = $"/c {GetTokenCommand} {ResourceArgumentName} {resource}"
                };

                startInfo.Environment["PATH"] = $"{Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(AzureCliPath)};{_azureCliDefaultPathWindows}";
            }
            else
            {
                startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
                {
                    FileName = Bash,
                    Arguments = $"{GetTokenCommand} {ResourceArgumentName} {resource}"
                };

                startInfo.Environment["PATH"] = $"{Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(AzureCliPath)}:{AzureCliDefaultPath}";
            }
#endif
            return startInfo;
        }

        public override async Task<string> GetTokenAsync(string resource, string authority)
        {
            try
            {
                // Validate resource, since it gets sent as a command line argument to Azure CLI
                ValidationHelper.ValidateResource(resource);

                // Execute Azure CLI to get token
                string response = await _processManager.ExecuteAsync(new Process { StartInfo = GetProcessStartInfo(resource)}).ConfigureAwait(false);

                // Parse the response
                TokenResponse tokenResponse = TokenResponse.Parse(response);

                var accessToken = tokenResponse.AccessToken2;

                AccessToken token = AccessToken.Parse(accessToken);

                PrincipalUsed.IsAuthenticated = true;

                if (token != null)
                {
                    // Set principal used based on the claims in the access token.
                    PrincipalUsed.UserPrincipalName = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(token.Upn) ? token.Upn : token.Email;
                    PrincipalUsed.TenantId = token.TenantId;
                }

                return accessToken;
            }
            catch (Exception exp)
            {
                throw new AzureServiceTokenProviderException(ConnectionString, resource, authority,
                    $"{AzureServiceTokenProviderException.AzureCliUsed} {AzureServiceTokenProviderException.GenericErrorMessage} {exp.Message}");
            }
        }
    }
}


* Working with missing values and DO IFs.
* to pass to the END IF command at that point."
* Thus the following code.
* does NOT work because when the result of a=1 is missing, the execution immediately jumps to the END IF line.
* The second condition MISSING(a) is never tested.
On the other hand the following works.


You took an amazing photograph, Leslie.
Wouldn't it be wonderful if humans made the same effort towards the light of peace….a fine photo.
__Ahhhh, the nature of nature… so well seen, Moonie!
Thank heavens for the determination of growing things!
Great entry for this week's wood topic.


Dr. T's® Snake-A-Way® is the best selling snake repellent in America. It's the only EPA-registered snake repellent proven to repel rattlesnakes and garter snakes.
Snake-A-Way® temporarily disrupts a snake's Jacobsen's organ, which it uses to detect important environmental stimuli. When this kind of disruption occurs, snakes quickly retreat in search of fresh air.
Just sprinkle in bands around the area you want to protect. For rattlesnakes, bands should be 8-12 inches wide. For garter snakes, bands can be 4-5 inches wide.
Mosquitoes enter your property because they are attracted to emissions – like carbon dioxide - given off by people and other animals. Dr. T's® Mosquito Repelling Granules mask these emissions so mosquitoes cannot detect them, causing the insects to seek a more attractive environment.
What Size Snake-A-Way® Do You Need?


About Natalie Zlodre M.S.W., R.S.W.
Natalie Zlodre M.S.W., R.S.W. is the Director of Community Resources and Initiatives, a trauma-informed consulting firm based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She was Head of the Trauma and Resiliency Centre and Associate Director of Training at the Gail Appel Institute, Hincks-Dellcrest Centre in Toronto.
Her professional focus is in the areas of: acute trauma, developmental/complex trauma and the impact of trauma on professionals and on mental health services. Natalie provides training, clinical consultation and supervision to mental health professionals and organizations. Her theoretical framework is trauma-informed and strength-based.
Natalie is an experienced training facilitator and has provided hundreds of presentations nationally and internationally. She has educated psychiatrists, physicians, psychologists, social workers, nurses, direct service workers, clergy and community workers. She is known for her direct and lively style and her ability to translate complex theories about traumatic responses into relevant practices for post-traumatic growth in vulnerable populations. Natalie's warmth and engaging story telling – plus her wry sense of humour – creates a compelling presence in any presentation she delivers!


text:
Q: Swift IOS: several buttons in one view controller, control the image view display in another view controller I just want to use 30 buttons in one view controller(#1), and when I click one of them(e.g. Button1), the screen can jump to another view controller(2), and display picture1. When I go back to view controller(#1), and click Button 2, it can jump to view controller(#2) and display picture 2...etc. I can switch two view controller using segues, but how can I control the content of image view not in the same view controller? Thanks.

A: You need to use prepareForSegue method to set the variables in other controllers. in your second controller your attribute needs to be a public.
Objective-C
#pragma mark - Navigation
// In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender {

    if ([[segue identifier] isEqualToString:@"YOURSEGUENAME"]) {

        secondControllerViewController * secController = [[secondControllerViewController alloc] init];
        [secController setImageName:@"imagenameTeste"];
    }

 }

Swift
override func prepareForSegue(segue: UIStoryboardSegue!, sender: AnyObject!) {
    if (segue.identifier == "yourSegue") {
        // pass data to next view
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This position is responsible for building sales and achieving the revenue targets for the CANarchy portfolio brands.
Ensures that the brewery's quality standards are clearly understood and enforced by distributors and retailers.
Minimum Education: High School Diploma, GED, or equivalent required; Bachelor's Degree preferred.


Can anyone confirm for me if the maximum range on the Alsace was 25K? I swear it was. I find it strange the Richelieu and Republique's max range is 25K but not Alsace?
She was nerfed, its on the devblog, was for awhile now.


Watch Julie Goodnight explain how to properly rig your Circle Y trail saddle using the Adjustable Position 3-Way rigging. Learn how to use this rigging when you have an angled rear dee which is used to secure your saddle when traveling over rough terrain.
How do you know which rigging to use?
We've created these helpful guidelines, but we ask you understand there may be some variables depending on your specific horse. 7/8 position is most commonly use and could be called "neutral". You should start here and adjust accordingly.
You may try the 3/4 position because it will take the pressure off the shoulder and may allow them to gait more freely.
A horse with a really laid back shoulder and wither that ties in farther down the back…since the tree is supposed to sit behind the shoulder blades, this can set the saddle back to a position where the tie strap/girth is angled to the girth groove (where the girth naturally fits on the particular horse). In this case, you may want to use the full position to keep the tie strap/girth in a more perpendicular position instead of angled (which can pull the tree into the shoulder).
How does a particular saddle fit a particular horse?
Different saddles, both with 3-way riggings, could fit the horse differently if they are different styles or tree sizes, so you won't necessarily always use the same position.
If you use a rear cinch, you're not going to use a 3/4 position rigging (the riggings would be ineffective because they are so close together).
You are not necessarily trying to change "saddle placement" by changing rigging position since the saddle should always be behind the shoulder blade. Use the 3-way rigging as a tool to choose the best rigging position to keep the saddle in this proper place.
At Circle Y, we believe achieving proper saddle fit is the first step to an enjoyable ride. Our Introduction to Saddle Fit will get you on your way to understanding and decide if you have a saddle fit issue.


text:
Q: WPF(C#): Controller Right Joystick to Arrow Keys I'm using SharpDx and X-input to get my Xbox Controller's input but I'm having trouble finding to simulate the right arrow key when I move my right joystick right. This is what I got so far. My issue is when I move the stick to the right it presses the arrow key more than once so I tried to set up a thread.sleep to make it press every second but did not work. Kinda running out of ideas and would really appreciate some help.
public class XboxController
{
    private const int V = 2_000;
    private Controller _controller;
    private IMouseSimulator _mouseSimulator;
    private IKeyboardSimulator _keyboardSimulator;
    private Timer _timer;
    private bool _wasADown;
    public int deadband = 2500;

    private const int RefreshRate = 60;

    public XboxController()
    {

        _controller = new SharpDX.XInput.Controller(UserIndex.One);
        _mouseSimulator = new InputSimulator().Mouse;
        _keyboardSimulator = new InputSimulator().Keyboard;
        _timer = new Timer(obj => Update());
        DispatcherTimer timer = new DispatcherTimer();
        timer.Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);
        timer.Tick += timer_Tick;
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    public void Start()
    {

        _timer.Change(0, 1000 / RefreshRate);
    }
    private void Update()
    {
        _controller.GetState(out var state);
        Movement(state);
        Scroll(state);
        LeftButton(state);
        RightButton(state);
        Stick(state);
    }

    private void RightButton(State state)
    {

        if (state.Gamepad.Buttons == GamepadButtonFlags.B)
        {
            _keyboardSimulator.KeyPress(WindowsInput.Native.VirtualKeyCode.BACK);
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
        }

    }

    private void LeftButton(State state)
    {
        var isADown = state.Gamepad.Buttons.HasFlag(GamepadButtonFlags.A);
        if (isADown && !_wasADown) _mouseSimulator.LeftButtonDown();
        if (!isADown && _wasADown) _mouseSimulator.LeftButtonUp();
        _wasADown = isADown;
    }

    private void Scroll(State state)
    {
        var x = state.Gamepad.RightThumbX / 10000;
        var y = state.Gamepad.RightThumbY / 10000;

        _mouseSimulator.HorizontalScroll(x);
        _mouseSimulator.VerticalScroll(y);
    }

    private void Movement(State state)
    {
        var x = state.Gamepad.LeftThumbX / 2500;
        var y = state.Gamepad.LeftThumbY / 2500;

        _mouseSimulator.MoveMouseBy(x, -y);
    }
    private void Stick(State state)
    {

        while ((state.Gamepad.RightThumbX) > 0)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
            _keyboardSimulator.KeyPress(WindowsInput.Native.VirtualKeyCode.RIGHT);
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
        }
    }
}
}


text:
For another saint of the same name, see Íbar of Killibar Beg. For other uses, see Ibar.

Ibar mac Lugna, whose name is also given as Iberius or Ivor, was an early Irish saint, patron of Beggerin Island, and bishop. The saint is sometimes said to have been one of the "Quattuor sanctissimi Episcopi" ("The four most sacred bishops") said to have preceded Saint Patrick in Ireland (see also the saint Ailbe, Ciaran and Déclán), although possibly they were just contemporaries. His feast day is 23 April.

Life
According to the Annals of the Four Masters, Ibar was of noble birth, and descended from the tribe of Ui Echach who occupied east County Down. His sister Mella married Hua-Carbmiac, king of Hy-Kensellagh, a kingdom which consisted of all current county Wexford and a considerable part of Wicklow and Carlow.

Much obscurity attaches to his early training, but it is said that his early education took place in an important druidic school. When followers of Martin of Tours began to appear in Ireland, Ibar traveled to Armorica to learn more of this new teaching. He spent some time at Lérins Abbey where he must have met Ciarán of Saigir.

When Ibar returned from Lérins, he was accompanied by some companions, who constituted the first community that Ibar established on one of the Aran Islands in Galway Bay on the west coast of Ireland. But his stay in the West did not last very long, for he moved his monastery to plain Geshille in County Offaly. He then settled at Beggerin, where he built an oratory and cell. In the Life of Saint Abbán it is stated that Saint Ibar's retreat was soon peopled with numerous disciples from all parts of Ireland, and the 'Litany of Aengus' invokes the three thousand confessors who placed themselves under Ibar's direction.

Although at first not disposed to yield to Saint Patrick (or his successors), he afterwards submitted and became his disciple. However accounts of this may originate in the interest of Armagh to claim precedence over the other religious centers in Ireland, which could also demonstrate early bishops.

Ibar's nephew, St Abbán, as a boy of twelve, came to Beggerin in Ibar's old age and accompanied him to Rome. Moninne is said to have travelled to Leinster to become the disciple of St Ibar before founding her monastery in Killeavy.

He preached in the present County Wexford. Ibar's death has been chronicled in the year 500 on 23 April, on which day his feast is observed.

Legacy
Ibar is regarded as the patron of Beggerin Island (Begerin), in Wexford harbour. (Although Beggerin was formerly an island in the north of Wexford harbour, it has long since been reclaimed). He is also to patron saint of the town of Wexford.

The Church of Ireland church in Wexford town is dedicated to St Iberius, and is believed to be built upon a site Ibar used for an oratory.

He also gives his name to St. Ibar's–Shelmaliers Camogie Club, a camogie team based in Wexford Town.

References

Further reading

Christian clergy from County Wexford
500 deaths
4th-century Christian saints
4th-century Irish bishops
Medieval saints of Leinster
Year of birth unknown


text:
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