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Guest Appearances and Semi-Plugs: The 80s Marvel Method of Dealing with Continuity
Back Issue Ben's been covering the severely underrated Tom DeFalco and Ron Frenz Amazing Spider-Man run, which, while not critically acclaimed these days, left a lot of permanent marks on the history of your favorite wall-crawler not named Gwen Stacy. But one thing that struck me while putting his posts together is the way 80s comics used to acknowledge each other's continuity. Before the Big Event became a staple, the way a company would give an illusion of a larger universe is to have the characters drift in and out of each other's books, much like how in real life, you and your friends drift in an out of each other's stories.
Marvel was especially good at coordinating such incidences, partly because it was built into their DNA—Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko had the Fantastic Four meeting the Hulk and guest-starring in Spider-Man, for instance, fairly casually, while DC books were looser, with the individual books going about their own business until it was time to bring the characters together in a team book like Justice League of America—and partly because Marvel's main characters were all pretty much in New York City.
Ben didn't really highlight the instances in his retrospectives so much, so I'll call 'em out here as highlights. In Amazing Spider-Man #277, in a narrative interlude to give Peter Parker a break from fighting the Hobgoblin, DeFalco and Frenz have Peter visiting a broken down Matt Murdock (that's Daredevil, for the five of you who didn't watch the excellent Netflix show), who's having his life torn apart by Wilson Fisk, the Kingpin of Crime.
Peter then visits the Kingpin afterwards to threaten him, not really getting anywhere.
This is all in reference to the now-legendary "Born Again" storyline in Daredevil, by Frank Miller and David Mazzucchelli, one of the most well-regarded superhero stories of all time.
Spider-Man's interlude here, in his own title, serves several purposes. First, it shows that yes, these superheroes are in fact a part of a larger universe, and yes, logically speaking, a superhero can reach out to another in a time of need. Second, it does provide an automatic "out" (weak as it is, but that's just something you take with these shared universes) for Spider-Man to not get involved, thus leaving Daredevil's story independent and overall unaffected — "Born Again" is enriched by this interlude, as is the feeling of the Marvel Universe as a cohesive whole, but nothing is taken away if you don't know of this issue's existence. Third, it plants seeds for a possible plot down the line between Kingpin and Spider-Man. Fourth, it's a good plug for Daredevil's book!
Side note #1: the Kingpin moving from third-class Spider-Man mob boss villain to first-class Daredevil villain was a stroke of genius. What other "villain transplants" can you think of that were successful? Which ones didn't pan out so well? And which ones haven't happened yet, but you'd really like to see? I kinda wanna see Poison Ivy as a Wonder Woman villain.
Maintaining individual narrative integrity on each title while at the same time creating the feeling of a larger universe does, when viewed as a whole, make the foundations of the universe look spindly at times, such as when Spider-Man is fighting Firelord in Amazing Spider-Man #269-270, and Peter, hopelessly outmatched, tries to find the Fantastic Four, only to remember that they're off-world.
This wouldn't be so glaring (and in this case, they actually were off-world at the time in their own book) if the Fantastic Four didn't happen to be off-world just about every time he was outmatched and needed their help. Spider-Man's other "hopelessly outmatched" story, for example, where he fights the Juggernaut, has him trying to call the Fantastic Four, the Avengers, and the X-Men, none of whom are in New York City at the time. I don't know if they actually were or weren't in their own titles, but if they weren't, I'm going to chalk that up to editorial coordination and not just a stroke of blind luck.
But these are things you just have to accept if you're going to buy into this whole "shared universe" thing, much like, yeah, you just have to accept that Iron Man and Thor aren't showing up in Winter Soldier, because then it would take away from Captain America being the agent of resolution for the narrative. That's okay, and it does highlight the times when the other characters who need to be there actually do show up. At the end of the Firelord story, the Avengers show up to take Firelord away.
And in Avengers #258, which follows that issue of Amazing Spider-Man, we pick up right where we left off. Here's the cover.
And here's part of the scene that comes in the middle of the comic, when the Avengers get back to New York City.
The Black Knight is not easily accustomed to change.
Spider-Man's story, in the sense that he is the protagonist, as it regards Firelord, is over, and Firelord then becomes the Avengers' problem, while Spider-Man goes about his own life. In this Avengers storyline, early on in Roger Stern and John Buscema's legendary run on the title (not the part that would become legendary), Hercules sets Firelord straight and the flame-headed herald of Galactus joins Earth's Mightiest Hero to fight against Nebula. That's it. Being beaten up by Spider-Man one week, fighting a space pirate with the Avengers the next.
Side note #2: Can you think of a better superhero comics/pro wrestling analogy than Firelord to Kane? Firelord is a former herald of Galactus, with similar power levels to the Silver Surfer, and made his debut fighting Thor, but, since then, he gets beaten up all the time. Kane made his debut fighting the Undertaker, is basically the Undertaker with fire, but also gets beaten up all the time. It's like whenever they show up, it's because the writers want to build up a new character by having them beat Surfer/Taker, but they know it'd be ridiculous, so they take the incredibly beatable substitute.
This sort of interlocking type of continuity was already in play since at least the 60s, but it was in the 80s when that interaction seemed to be at its most coordinated. For me to say I'm nostalgic for it would be a lie—my prime comic book collecting/reading time was in the mid-90s, when they were beginning to move away from this type of thing (hell, for a time in the mid-90s, Marvel pretended like they had five different universes, complete with five different editors for each line, including the Spider-line, the Avengers line, the X-Men line, the "magic" line, and the cosmic line). Comics like Spider-Verse replicate the feeling a tad, with each title showing a different hero fighting a different part of the big battle, all forming a bigger whole, but those are limited to events and expected interactions. It's not quite the same thing as Peter Parker just randomly visiting Matt Murdock in the Spider-Man title, to see what's going on in the Daredevil title. There do seem to be more guest appearances now, but they still seem independent — a Thor appearance in Captain America may have very little reference at all to what's going on in her title.
I like the 80s Marvel Method of random guest appearances and interactions, but I also acknowledge that it likely wouldn't work in today's market. Such a method derived so much utility from the interlocking schedules. Spider-Man visiting Daredevil to check out what was happening in "Born Again" doesn't really work if "Born Again" is over. In the 80s, you got your comics as they came out; missing them meant you might not be able to find a copy at all, so part of the fun was getting them on time. These days, with so many people waiting for collected editions, or with back issues so readily available either via comic shops or the oh-so-very-convenient digital methods, the comic book reading audience is not guaranteed to be reading on a weekly basis. Even event comics, when they interact with regular series, tend to derail the regular series unless you've been reading the event comic. Loki: Agent of Asgard is a great example of this — it started out strong and with a lot of momentum, but its continuous ties to Axis and Secret Wars have derailed the title, perhaps not for those who have been keeping up with the title (and with Axis and Secret Wars) as scheduled, but for those who have been buying the paperback collections. Because the collections don't come out in the same order as the single issues, the collections end up suffering because there is a feeling of not getting a full story, at times. As such, the 80s Marvel Method isn't really viable.
But when I read an 80s comic and I see it interlocking with another 80s comic, I think it's fun. It bring back a sense of randomness and gives me a little mark-out moment. I don't think it's that big a deal, really, things not being done that way anymore, because I don't see how it works today, but it's a small thing that makes me smile. Maybe as a human being, I can see it as a reflection of how people interact and drift in and out of each other's stories. Maybe, just as a professional, I admire the coordination. Or maybe, just maybe, as a fan, I just think it's fun.
Featured In: Avengers, daredevil, David Mazzucchelli, Duy, Firelord, Frank Miller, ron frenz, Spider-Man, tom defalco
I hope Marvel goes back to this type of continuity when this new Secret Wars shakes out.
I remember when Asgard was directly above New York in Thor but in no other title.
Jay042 said...
Sabertooth is good example of a villain transplant. He starts off as an Iron Fist villain, but achieves prominence when he becomes an X-villain.
Sabertooth, of course! Good call on that one.
Related to Side Note #2, I can't watch Guardians of the Galaxy and see Ronan without getting a huge Undertaker vibe.
Interesting! I hear/see/feel the Undertaker every time I read Preacher and get to any scene with the Saint of Killers.
I'm having a hard time with the phrase "underrated" when it comes to DeFalco's writing. DeFalco was on that book b/c he was the E-i-C. He gave himself a lot of plumb assignment solely to collect the ongoing residuals. And his writing was garbage.
The direction of the books, and nearly all of the storylines, came from other writers or the editor (Jim Salicrup perhaps, possibly Archie Goodwin -- hard to recall now).
Ron Frenz's art was strong, but DeFalco wrote solely in cliches and absolutely zero awareness of it. This was again proven with his work on his Spider-Girl title which was perhaps the most derivative piece of work Marvel's ever put out -- and that's saying something.
Guest Appearances and Semi-Plugs: The 80s Marvel M...
The Amazing Spider-Man by DeFalco and Frenz, Part ...
The 10 Hottest Men and Women in Comic Book Movie H...

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Features|Human Rights
Sexual abuse and the Catholic Church in the Philippines
Abuse allegations against Catholic priests are on the rise, but is enough being done to prosecute the accused?
Tiffany Ang
Sexual abuse allegations against Catholic priests in the Philippines are on the rise, according to senior church investigators.
But this new 101 East documentary reveals that prosecutions of priests alleged to have committed sexual abuse are extremely rare in Asia's largest Catholic nation.
Some alleged victims say they have been pressured not to file charges and were paid money in exchange for their silence.
Imelda* was 15 years old when she says the priest in her village sexually assaulted her.
"After he kissed me on the forehead, he hugged me," she recalled. "It was really painful. Why did he do that to me?"
She says that when her family discovered she had reported the incident to the police, they beat her.
"They actually beat me to the point that I was afraid to go home. They were angry with me. They were telling me that what I did was wrong. They treated me like a stray dog because of what I did, because I filed a case," she says.
Then she claims a man and a woman from the church gave her $150 to drop the charges. Her case never went to court.
'God did not say this'
Retired Archbishop Oscar Cruz, who heads the Catholic Church's National Tribunal of Appeals in the Philippines, says he is receiving more complaints of sexual abuse involving priests, including allegations of paedophilia.
"The laity, especially in urban areas, have become rather alert and courageous in denouncing the errancy of priests," he says.
Father Elmer Cajilig and two other priests have set up their own self-styled Catholic ministry [101 East/Al Jazeera]
"I may be offending other bishops but this is a personal stand, that gone are the days when you can just close your eyes and plug your ears … as if nothing is happening."
Al Jazeera has also found that some Filipino priests are breaking the vow of celibacy and fathering children.
Father Elmer Cajilig, who has four children with his long-term girlfriend, says that the celibacy vow for ordained priests is "only a man-made rule".
"God did not say this, so I think I cannot say that I've committed sin. I am just continuing His mandate … to go and multiply."
Father Cajilig and two other priests who also fathered children have set up their own self-styled Catholic ministry, where they preach at privately owned churches.
They have written to the Vatican, asking to be accepted by the Church.
Father Jaime Achacoso, secretary of the Canon Law Society in the Philippines, condemns these 'father' priests, but says in some remote dioceses, one in five priests has had children.
"That's the reality that happens in those areas where discipline, where the hierarchy is not so well-organised," says Father Achacoso.
The Vatican did not respond to Al Jazeera's request for comment about how it handles allegations of clergy sexual misconduct and abuse in the Philippines.
When asked if Filipino bishops are obliged to report sexual assault allegations to civil authorities, Father Achacoso says all investigation should be left to the Church.
"A person is innocent until proven otherwise, and so the Church handles these cases with a lot of discretion, both to protect the dignity, the good name of the priest and also for the victim."
* Name changed to protect her identity.
Follow Tiffany Ang on @tiffeeang
Philippine Catholic church abusers rarely prosecuted
Al Jazeera investigation reveals the growing problem of sexual misconduct in the Philippines' powerful Catholic church.


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Q: Make a list of all indexes of the same element from a grouped list of tuples I'm making a script that turns pixel art into voxel art. I have an image and have created a grouped list of each pixel's RGBA values as tuples
RGBA_list = list(img.pixels)

gl = [RGBA_list[ipx] for ipx in range(0, len(RGBA_list), 4)]

This is for pixel art so many of the colours are the exact same and there are a small number of unique ones. Is there a way to get multiple lists of the indices of each colour?
Or better worded: get each individual colour within the image, then for each colour get a list of indices from the grouped list with that colour

A: You have a list with repeated values and you want to convert that into value->list_of_index_where_it_occurs map. You can make use of defaultdict. (other way is to use setdefault, but defaultdict make it easier and cleaner.)
Please see example below:
>>> info_list = [random.randint(1,5) for x in range(100)]
>>> info_list
[4, 5, 2, 2, 4, 3, 3, 1, 2, 4, 4, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 4, 4, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 4, 4, 1, 5, 2, 2, 3, 5, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 5, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 1, 5, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 1, 3, 4, 2, 1, 5, 3, 4, 3, 3, 5, 2, 2, 4, 5, 2, 2, 1, 5, 4, 5, 5, 1, 5, 3, 2, 2]

>>> from collections import defaultdict
>>> info_dict = defaultdict(list)
>>> for i, x in enumerate(info_list):
...     info_dict[x].append(i)
...
>>> info_dict.keys()
dict_keys([4, 5, 2, 3, 1])
>>> info_dict[1]
[7, 13, 16, 20, 21, 25, 28, 34, 36, 38, 54, 59, 62, 63, 73, 77, 90, 95]

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Eric Adams vows return of NYPD gun unit after BLM threat
Jack Lovern
Message to BLM: Eric Adams is not backing down.
The Big Apple mayor-elect doubled down on his campaign promise to reinstate the NYPD's plainclothes unit a day after New York Black Lives Matter leader Hawk Newsome threatened "riots," "fire" and "bloodshed" should Adams followed through on the move.
"I made it clear on the campaign trail," Adams said on CNN Thursday morning, a day after the heated meeting with Newsome at Brooklyn Borough Hall.
"I'm going to put in place not the Anti-Crime Unit, I'm going to put in place a plainclothes gun unit. We must zero in on gun violence in our community. You've seen what's happening when a young man, 21 years old, was shot by a 17-year-old man carrying a gun," Adams said referring to a recent botched gang hit that killed an innocent man in The Bronx.
"This is what I'm doing to do. That was my promise and I'm going to keep it," Adams said when the CNN host asked if he'd reverse the policy because of Newswome's threat.
"If they think they are going back to the old ways of policing then we're going to take to the streets again," Newsome said outside Borough Hall after the Wednesday meeting.
"There will be riots. There will be fire, and there will be bloodshed," he warned.
"I'm going to put in place a plainclothes gun unit. We must zero in on gun violence in our community," Eric Adams vowed.
Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images
Adams has long promised to bring back a "reinvented" version of the disbanded Anti-Crime Unit that was tasked with firearm busts, as well as a crackdown on violent crime and hard drugs. It was dismantled in the wake of the George Floyd protests because some of the officers in the unit were involved in the high-profile killings of victims like Eric Garner and Sean Bell years earlier.
Adams, the outgoing Brooklyn borough president, opened his doors to Newswome and a handful of other BLM members Wednesday after they held a protest outside his office.
During a clip of the meeting that was live-streamed on Instagram a BLM member asked Adams, "What are you going to do to hold NYPD accountable for their unlawful actions?"
Adams, a retired NYPD captain who pushed police reform as a co-founder of 100 Blacks in Law Enforcement Who Care while still on the force, defended his record.
"Brother, have you been living under a rock? I did it in the department!" Adams shot back.
On CNN, Adams downplayed Newsome's war of words.
"First, let's be crystal clear, you had 13 people who did a march from Manhattan to Borough Hall. There are different levels of people who are involved in the Black Lives Matters movement. Let's not make believe that those 13 people have really consumed all the oxygen in the room," Adams said.
He also reiterated a familiar stance that he's a true progressive — as opposed to icons of that far-left movement like Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders — because he makes decisions based on being practical, not ideological.
"I believe being practical is being progressive," he said, adding that in addition to policing he has plans for a jobs program and crisis management teams who work in communities to quell violence.
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Institute Of Ethnic Studies (kita)
Age-adjusted fertility rates for Hispanic women plunged between 2008 and 2016, based on an analysis by the Institute for.
The Gallery features 200 highlights, from the collections of the International Institute of Social History. with allied interests in race and ethnic studies, postcolonial theory, and social and.
a researcher at the Institute of Security Studies. "I doubt that the state has the means to disarm this militia in the center especially since the factors that helped create it are still there." Story.
ADRIAN, MI — Siena Heights University has a new Ethnic and Gender Studies Institute available for students. The institute is directed by SHU Associate Professor of English Julie Barst and builds on.
Pica-Smith is a researcher and professor at Assumption College in Worcester, Massachusetts, where she is associate professor in the Department of Human Services and Rehabilitation Studies.
This is far higher than previous estimates, the team at the National Eye Institute reported in the. the 25 percent reported in previous U.S. studies and similar (in persons under 40 years) to that.
In the early 1980s he joined the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology's Advisory Committee, helping design the first media.
A recent Channel News Asia-Institute of Policy Studies survey on ethnic identity found that 81.3 per cent. at a prata place off Upper Thomson Road. I remain Singaporean, Indian, young and proud.
barring Tibetan children from Buddhist religious studies and incarcerating more than a million members of Islamic ethnic.
Close to 40 people have been killed, schools closed and livelihoods destroyed through ethnic violence in. Residents told the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) that the elders were rendered.
Oxford Handbook Philosophy Of Religion The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Religion. William J. Wainwright (Editor), Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. The philosophy of religion as a distinct discipline is an innovation of the last 200 years, but its central topics—the existence and nature of the divine, humankind's relation to it, Here is a typical philosophical problem
In June 1999, Anika Binnendijk, a star student in my daily 7:25 a.m. peace studies class at. work in defusing tribal and ethnic disputes in Africa. From the beginning, the legislation Congress.
Update: A professor who studies race and ethnic conflict responds. When five economists and social scientists set out to measure ethnic diversity for a landmark 2002 paper for the Harvard Institute.
Funding was provided by NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute. Future studies might seek information not available from hospital records and health care providers to find reasons for the.
Those ancestors then mingled to become the largest ethnic group in the world today, it said. "The history of Han Chinese is more sophisticated than thought," said Professor Kong Qingdong, a researcher.
1917 Code Of Canon Law English Canon 6 §1 When this Code comes into force, the following are abrogated: 1 °the Code of Canon Law promulgated in 1917; 2° other laws, whether universal or. The English word "steward" would probably best express its meaning. however, was far from a system of canon law or a code of canon law. The sources
Critical Analysis Of Jane Eyre Pdf Review: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Criticism in the. Charlotte Bronte's novel Jane Eyre contains, in its opening pages, what. This essay offers an overview of recent criticism in Charlotte Brontë. Brontë's work, continue to inform most critical conversations about Jane Eyre, a novel. The novel charts the growth of Jane Eyre, the
SINGAPORE — There are a number of Singaporeans who do not interact with other races, close themselves off to global influences, and are against inter-racial dating, an Institute of Policy Studies (IPS.
The study aimed to better understand how genomic variants influence the risk of forming certain diseases in people of different ethnic groups. The work was funded by the National Human Genome Research.
"Inside Umno, many prefer Mohamad Hasan," said analyst James Chin of Tasmania University's Asia Institute. Studies.
This small-scale study of 20 adult volunteers, conducted by researchers at the NIH's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive. Previous observational studies looking at large groups of people.
What Academics Is Lsu Known For 2019 Colleges with the Best Academics in America About this List Explore the 2019 best college academics ranking based on admissions selectivity, professor quality, and academic resources using data from the U.S. Department of Education and millions of reviews from students and alumni. with at least one of the words. without the words. where my
Academia Altivo Brusque Sc View the profiles of people named Academ Alt. Join Facebook to connect with Academ Alt and others you may know. Facebook gives people the power to share. Force One Academia A academia do seu jeito. 📍 Cianorte,PR 📍 Maringá,PR Breve em: 🚧 Itajaí, SC 🚧 Brusque, SC 🚧 Blumenau, SC There Charley meets Del (Steve


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Annabelle Peintre
Premieres 20/21
Joining in
History (DE)
Service & Prices
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Annabelle Aurélie
© Christian Knörr
The French dancer Annabelle Peintre began dancing at the Colomba Ballet school in Orange, France and then entered to the Conservatoire National de Danse in Avignon. She had the opportunity to dance main roles in numerous classical ballets. In August 2003, she was engaged in the young company ‹Compania Nacional de Danza II›, where she gained her first professional experience by dancing mainly Nacho Duato's works. In 2008 she entered in Ballett Basel. There she danced in works by well-known choregraphers such as Richard Wherlock, Jiri Kylian, Johan Inger, Ohad Naharin, Nacho Duato, Jorma Elo, Mauro Bigonzetti, Rami Be'er, Christopher Bruce, Blanca Li, Angelin Preljocaj, Stijn Celis, Hofesh Shechter and Brian Arias. In 2013, Annabelle was engaged in the Opera de Lyon where she expanded her repertoire of dancing pieces from William Forsythe, Mats Ek, Maguy Marin, Rachid Ouramdane, Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker and many more. She came back to Switzerland and she has been a permanent member of the ensemble of Ballett Theater Basel since the Season 2016/17.
2021-01-23 19:30:00 2021-01-23 21:15:00 Europe/Zurich Giselle Info: https://www.theater-basel.ch/en/giselle


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A page collecting resources related to stoic philosophy. If you interested in classics in general, that's here.
Meditations, Marcus Aurelius – Perhaps not the purest distillation of stoic thought, but almost always the one to start with. I prefer the Hays translation.
Discourses, Epictetus – A canonical text of classical stoic philosophy.
Cicero — this volume include "On Duties" which many think of as Cicero's most stoic text.
Letters from a Stoic, Seneca – collects the writings of the Seneca which relate most directly to stoic philosophy.
The Obstacle Is the Way: The Timeless Art of Turning Trials into Triumph , Ryan Holiday — The book which popularized stoicism with the twitterati.


text:
HomeCollection & TransferResidentialPay-As-You-Throw in Spain
Pay-As-You-Throw in Spain
An update on the prospects for pay-as-you-throw waste charges in Spain.
By Ignasi Puig Ventosa, Ph.D., Maria Calaf Forn, and David Font Vivanco of ENT Environment and Management | Jul 01, 2011
Editor's Note: This article is an update to a 2004 report published in Waste Age on the adoption of pay-as-you-throw collection in Spain.
Municipal waste charges in Spain are widespread, although their application varies significantly among municipalities. Most commonly, waste charges are implemented as a flat rate, but some of them depend upon indicators such as water consumption, geography or the value of the property being serviced.
Unlike other European countries, where pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) schemes are common, their use in Spain has been very limited. So far, only five municipalities have implemented such schemes for household waste, while some others have applied them only to commercial activities.
In 2003, Torrelles de Llobregat (a town of, at that time, 4,100 inhabitants in the province of Barcelona) became the first Spanish municipality to implement PAYT, in the form of a pay-per-bag scheme. Prior to PAYT, households were charged a fixed annual fee of 62.50 ($70.70 in U.S. dollars circa 2003) for collection. The new system maintained a flat annual fee of 35 ($39.59) and introduced special standardized bags for recyclable plastic and metal packaging materials (but not paper or glass) and trash, which were collected together and delivered to a facility where recyclables were separated. The town council distributed these bags through 17 local retailers.
The cost of a 40-liter bag was 0.6 (68 cents). Organic waste, paper and cardboard, glass, and diapers were collected free of charge. Larger capacity bags of 100 liters at 1.50 ($1.70) also were available for businesses. Large commercial producers of organic waste were charged annually for an organic waste bin depending on their size and collection frequency.
After implementing PAYT, separately collected recyclable materials (including organic waste) increased from 33 percent to 89 percent, and the quality of the collected materials improved. However, after the next round of local elections, the municipal government changed and in late 2003 PAYT was abandoned.
It was not until 2009 that a second Spanish municipality, Esporles, decided to introduce a PAYT scheme. Situated on the island of Majorca, Esporles at that time had about 4,600 inhabitants, 4,000 of which disposed of their waste through a door-to-door system implemented in 2006. The previous fixed annual waste charge of 150 ($223) per household was replaced with a flat 90 ($134) per year and a variable pay-per-bag fee for trash. Household bags (10 liters) were 1 ($1.50), while 100-liter bags were available for businesses at a price of 10 ($15) each. Bags were distributed through a network of collaborating local retailers.
After the first year, the recycling rate in Esporles rose from 46 percent to 73 percent, whereas total waste generation fell by 23 percent (trash was reduced by 61.3 percent). After the third week of implementation, the number of bags inadequately delivered stabilized at 1.5 percent.
Argentona, a municipality with almost 12,000 inhabitants in the Barcelona province, was the next to implement unit pricing, colloquially called Fair Charge ("Taxa Justa"). The municipality had previously introduced a door-to-door system for 8,500 inhabitants that collected organic waste for composting, recyclable packaging, paper and trash. The PAYT system was introduced gradually: a three-month pilot began in October 2009, and the system was fully deployed by February 2010. Again, a pay-per-bag model was used for trash and non-recyclable packaging. Businesses also are charged for organic waste according to a pay-per-can model. Collection of paper and cardboard, glass, diapers (for households) and organic waste (for households) is free of charge.
The new system divided the previous fixed annual fee of 151 ($224) per year per household into two parts: a flat fee of 95 ($141) per year per household, and a variable fee in the form of special standardized bags for trash (17-liter bags at 0.65 or 97 cents each) and non-recyclable packaging (35-liter bags at 0.35 or 52 cents each). Businesses have access to larger bags: 65 liters for trash and 100 liters for non-recyclable packaging, at 2.5 ($3.71) and 1 ($1.50), respectively. The council distributes them through several retailers in the town.
Comparing the results from 2009 to 2010 showed that total waste generation in Argentona fell by 10 percent, and the recycling rate increased slightly from 64.7 percent to 65.7 percent. The quantity of trash fell 13.7 percent, from 596 grams per day per person to 514, while packaging decreased from 76 grams per day per inhabitant to 60 (a 21.7 percent decrease) and organic waste increased from 344 to 355 grams per day per inhabitant (3.2 percent higher). However, these results are for the whole municipality. More significant results were achieved in the area where PAYT pilot program was implemented, but they cannot be separated.
In January 2011, Miravet and Rasquera, two municipalities in Spain's Tarragona province with around 800 inhabitants each, introduced a PAYT scheme very similar to Argentona's. The flat annual fee is 40 ($60) for households, and there is a variable fee depending on the consumption of standardized bags for refuse and packaging. A 17-liter trash bag is 0.70 ($1.04) and a 35-liter packaging bag is 0.30 (45 cents). There also are 110-liter packaging bags at 0.95 ($1.41) for businesses.
After two months, recycling rates increased significantly, from 66 percent to 88 percent in Rasquera and from 84 percent to 93 percent in Miravet. The percentage of packaging also increased, from 6.5 percent to 10.5 percent in Rasquera, and from 6.9 percent to 8.8 percent in Miravet. In terms of waste reduction, there is still not enough data to present conclusive results.
Some other municipalities are considering possible future implementation of PAYT.
Meanwhile, a number of other systems focusing only on commercial waste have been implemented in Spain. Barcelona's is worth a mention.
According to the General Ordinance for Urban Environment of the Barcelona City Council, commercial activities with more than 500 square meters or that generate more than 900 liters per day of unsorted waste and organic waste, or 600 liters per day of paper and cardboard, light packaging or glass are considered "singular generators." It is mandatory for them to have separate waste collection containers on their premises, which are collected door-to-door. Containers are provided by the Barcelona City Council and follow a container-based PAYT system based on the "official price" (a kind of charge) for commercial waste collection service.
Under this system, the charge is calculated based on the volume of the container and the number of collection services provided. Containers range from 90 liters to 15 cubic meters (with compactor) and are assigned based on a volume estimation by the council that uses a waste generation report filed annually by each business. The official price is further impacted by a series of environmental tax credits. These can be earned by contracting private collection services for one or more portions of the waste stream, belonging to the "Civic Agreement" (a cluster of guilds and associations that run environmentally-friendly programs) or by using some sort of compaction system.
Similarly, in January 2010, Canet de Mar (Barcelona), a municipality with about 14,000 inhabitants, introduced a container-based PAYT system for large producers of trash, packaging and organic waste. Of the 700 businesses in the area, 100 meet that classification. Previously, they had been charged a fixed commercial fee. But under the new PAYT system, the charge was divided into a smaller flat commercial fee and a variable trash and packaging fee based on the volume of the container and the number of collection services provided (or, in the case of organic waste, only the volume of the container). The number of collection services is registered automatically using an RFID tag in each container read by a reader installed on the collection trucks. The volumes offered range from 60 to 1,100 liters for trash, 90 to 1,100 liters for packaging, and 40 to 1,100 liters for organic waste. The prices applied have been approved in a fiscal ordinance. For instance, a 90-liter container costs 2.87 ($4.17) per collection for trash, 0.69 ($1.00) per collection for packaging and 49.90 ($72.46) annually for organic waste. As in Barcelona, businesses can opt out of subscribing to the city service and contract private waste collection services.
According to the collected information, on average, a large waste producer of Canet de Mar throws away 373 liters of packaging, 370 liters of organic waste and 653 liters of trash per week.
Despite the limited number of PAYT implementations in Spain, several factors suggest that this concept will spread and become more common in the future, as it has elsewhere in Europe. One indicator is the rapid spread of municipalities with door-to-door separate waste collection systems, from none in 2000 to more than 100 today (most of them in the region of Catalonia). Another indicator is that some regions already encourage separate collection of commercial waste, also by means of doorstep collection systems. In these cases, variable rate billing could easily be adopted.
Ignasi Puig Ventosa, Ph.D., is a founding partner of ENT Environment and Management, where he has coordinated more than 100 projects in the fields of waste management and environmental economic policies.
Maria Calaf Forn, M.Sc., works as a consultant at ENT Environment and Management, and has specialized in design and implementation of PAYT schemes and in projects on reusable diapers.
David Font Vivanco, M.Sc., is currently working as a consultant at ENT Environment and Management, with particular expertise in waste prevention projects and in waste metabolism.
TAGS: Residential Business Operations Legislation & Regulation Business


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Zaw Htet Ko Ko (, ) is a Burmese political activist. In 2008, he was sentenced an 11-year prison sentence for his work with the pro-democracy 88 Generation Students Group, and his detention was criticized by human rights groups including Amnesty International, which named him a prisoner of conscience. He was released in October 2011 in a series of amnesties for political prisoners.

88 Generation Students Group involvement
Zaw Htet Ko Ko became involved in the 88 Generation Students Group shortly after its 2005 founding through his friend Htay Kywe, one of the group's leaders. The group called for an end to the rule of Burma's military leadership, the State Peace and Development Council; the release of all alleged political prisoners; and a return to democracy.

Described by Amnesty International as an "Internet enthusiast", Zaw Thet Ko Ko helped the group communicate news of its protests to the outside world. He also served as the group's photographer at events such as its "White Sunday" campaign, in which activists wore white prisoner's clothing each Sunday to show solidarity with imprisoned activists.

Involvement in Saffron Revolution
When rising fuel and commodity prices led to Saffron Revolution in August 2007, the 88 Generation Students Group played a major role in organizing protests. The largest of these rallies drew over one hundred thousand protesters, most notably a number of Buddhist monks. Zaw Thet Ko Ko participated in several of these rallies, most notably a march on 23 August led by group members Mie Mie and Nilar Thein. Following the arrest of several group leaders, however, including Min Ko Naing, he joined Htay Kywe and Mie Mie in hiding. On 13 October, the three were arrested at a rubber plantation along with fellow group members Aung Thu and Hein Htet.

Trial and imprisonment

In the weeks following Zaw Htet Ko Ko's arrest, his father alleged that he believed Zaw Htet Ko Ko was being tortured in prison. While Zaw Thet Ko Ko escaped the 65-year sentences given to fellow members such as Min Ko Naing, Htay Kywe, Mie Mie, Nilar Thein, and others, on 21 November 2008, he was sentenced to five years of hard labor by a special court at Insein Prison. Seven days later, he was charged with an additional six years of imprisonment, for a total of eleven years. The sentence was protested by Front Line and Amnesty International, the latter of which named him a prisoner of conscience. Human Rights Watch stated its belief that the imprisoned 88 Generation Student Group members were political prisoners and called for their immediate and unconditional release.

On 6 February 2009, he was transferred from Insein to Kyaukpyu Prison in Rakhine State. According to an Irrawaddy story on Zaw Htet Ko Ko's case, "transferring political prisoners to distant prisons is one of the tactics to further punish prisoners and increase the burden on their families and friends."

On 11 or 12 October 2011, Zaw Htet Ko Ko was pardoned as part of a series of amnesties for political prisoners.

Family
Zaw Htet Ko Ko is married to San Latt Phyu, a medical doctor at  Yangon Muslim Free Hospital. They have one son.

References

1981 births
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Myanmar
Burmese democracy activists
Burmese prisoners and detainees
Living people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Beijing China Germany Japan Slovenia Austria China Olympic Team Switzerland Olympic Team Slovenia Olympic Team Germany Olympic Team United States Olympic Team Poland Olympic Team Austria Olympic Team Japan Olympic Team Norway Olympic Team Simon Ammann Manuel Fettner Ryoyu Kobayashi 2022 Beijing Olympic Games Winter Olympic games Olympic games Women's ski jumping Men's ski jumping Ski jumping Men's skiing Men's sports Men's Nordic skiing Nordic skiing Women's Nordic skiing Women's sports Women's skiing Sports Skiing
Austria wins Olympic gold in ski jumping team event
By LARRY LAGE - Feb. 14, 2022 09:30 AM EST
Manuel Fettner, of Austria, soars through the air during a men's team ski jumping first round at the 2022 Winter Olympics, Monday, Feb. 14, 2022, in Zhangjiakou, China. (AP Photo/Andrew Medichini)
ZHANGJIAKOU, China (AP) — Austria won Olympic gold in the ski jumping team event on Monday, four years after failing to even earn a medal in the event at the 2018 Pyeongchang Games.
"We missed the podium four years ago," Austrian jumper Manuel Fettner said. "It's much better now."
Fettner jumped 128 meters (420 feet) on his final jump to soar past Slovenia, sealing the first-place finish for the four-man team.
"The pressure is not only on your shoulders," said Fettner, who won silver on the normal hill at this year's Beijing Games.
Fettner, Stefan Kraft, Daniel Huber and Jan Hoerl combined to score 942.7 points, beating Slovenia by 8.3 points with a combination of jaw-dropping distances and style that impressed the judges.
"I'd say it's one of the best days in my life," Kraft said. "It's a team with friends."
The Slovenians earned silver and Germany won bronze.
Slovenia went into the final round with a nine-point lead over Austria. Norway, Germany, Japan and Poland followed after the first round in the last ski jumping event of the 2022 Olympics, but they couldn't keep up with the top two nations.
The Austrians led Slovenia by 5.3 points when each country was down to its fourth and final jumper as Norway and Germany fell back in the eight-nation field, and Fettner's final jump gave them the gold.
Germany's result was particularly impressive because the team didn't have two-time gold medalist Andreas Wellinger in its lineup because he tested positive for COVID-19.
"I know Wellinger is coming back stronger, and I cross my fingers for him individually," German jumper Markus Eisenbichler said.
The Norwegians finished fourth in the team event, followed by Japan and Poland.
Norway, Germany and Austria each won gold at the previous three Olympics in the team event. The traditional powers have finished first since Japan earned the top spot on the podium on its home hill at the 1998 Nagano Games in the first team event.
Marius Lindvik of Norway won on the large hill Saturday, holding off Ryoyu Kobayashi of Japan, who finished first on the normal hill at the Beijing Games.
Men have been ski jumping at the Winter Olympics since the first edition in 1924, and have had an opportunity to compete as teams since 1988.
Swiss jumper Simon Ammann has competed in every Olympic team ski jumping event. The 40-year-old, seven-time Olympian probably won't compete at the 2026 Milan-Cortina Games, saying it's time for the younger generation to jump for Switzerland.
Women, who did not have access to the sport at the Olympics until 2014, competed in their only individual event more than a week ago. Ursa Bogataj of Slovenia won gold.
The Slovenians also won gold in the first Olympic ski jumping mixed team competition, taking advantage of five women being disqualified for having jumpsuits that were too large and created an aerodynamic advantage.
American jumpers Casey Larson, Kevin Bickner, Decker Dean and Patrick Gasienica teamed up to finish 10th — ahead of only the host Chinese team — with a lackluster result that was expected.
The U.S. has won only one Olympic medal, a bronze, in ski jumping in nearly a century of competitions.
"We don't really have a lot of jumpers, but it's getting better," the 23-year-old Gasienica said. "Especially since the pandemic, a lot of different kids are joining the different clubs around America. Hopefully in a couple of years — five, 10, maybe — we'll have a really, really great team."
More AP Olympics: https://apnews.com/hub/winter-olympics and https://twitter.com/AP_Sports


More than half of the flour in this cake is cake flour which makes for a soft, tender crumb.
Loads of butter, oil and sour cream make this cake moist and rich with incredible flavor.
Vanilla bean paste flecks the soft ivory cake flesh providing a nice balance with the butter and sour cream flavors.
This cake is mixed in the reverse method which also helps development of a fine crumb.
This cake is iced in the most delicious buttercream I have ever tasted. Seriously! The mixing method is a little abnormal as it follows the Easy Foolproof SMBC. But this buttercream has more rich flavors coming from sour cream, melted butter and egg yolks. It has a warm ivory color from the egg yolks and is silky and creamy beyond belief. You really should try it!
Preheat oven to 350 F (177 C) and spray three 9-inch (23 cm) round cake pans with Baker's Joy or grease and flour.
In a mixer bowl combine flours, baking powder, baking soda, salt and sugar and mix on low 30 seconds to blend.
In a medium bowl whisk together eggs, sour cream and vanilla bean paste.
Add butter and vegetable oil to flour mix and blend on low for 30 seconds to moisten dry ingredients. Add half of egg mixture and beat on medium-high for 1 minute. Add the remaining egg mixture and beat on medium-high for 30 seconds more.
Pour into prepared pans spreading evenly and bake for about 25-30 minutes until the cake is well done. Do not under bake or this rich cake will be over-moist and unstable. The cake should begin to settle back on itself on the edges. Cool 10-20 minutes in pan and then turn out to a cooling rack. Cool completely if using immediately, or wrap in two layers of plastic wrap if using later. Frost the cooled cake with your choice of buttercream. Enjoy!
*If you do not have access to cake flour, substitute 198 grams all-purpose/plain flour and 28 grams corn or potato starch for the cake flour.
For a lighter textured cake remove 2 tablespoons each vegetable oil and sugar and increase the baking soda to ½ teaspoon.
In a medium sauce pan combine 4 ounces butter, 7 ounces sugar, sour cream and corn syrup. Heat over medium heat until boiling and then boil 3 minutes. Remove from heat and add baking soda; stir well to blend. The mixture will become frothy.
Thoroughly whisk together the eggs and 9 ounces granulated sugar in a medium microwave-safe bowl. Slowly whisk in the hot syrup. Heat the mixture in the microwave on high for 1 to 2 minutes stirring every 30 seconds and checking the temperature with an instant read thermometer. Heat until the mixture reaches 160 F (71 C). Pour the mixture into a cake pan and chill in the freezer for 20 minutes until cool to the touch.
When the syrup is almost done chilling beat the 16 ounces of butter in the mixer bowl using the flat beater for 2 minutes on high. Add half the cool syrup (about 50-60 F or 10-16 C) and beat for 1 minute. Add the remainder of the syrup and beat on medium-high for 2 minutes. Add the vanilla on low speed then beat on medium-high for 1 minute.
Use immediately or store at room temperature for 2 days, in the refrigerator, tightly sealed, for 2 weeks or in the freezer for 2 months.
Love, love, love, this series you've done on the different white cakes! Now I've got some awesome go to cakes for white cake. I love your chocolate american mud cake. I make it all the time and it always gets rave reviews. Will you please do a series on chocolate cakes too! I know it would be awesome too! Thank you!
This is going to be my go to cake. I absolutely loved it and the buttercream. Can I freeze the buttercream and what is the process after you remove it from freezer please and thank you.
The Sour Cream Vanilla Bean Cake with French Sour Cream Buttercream is going to be my go to cake. I absolutely loved them both. Can I freeze the buttercream and what is the process after you remove it from freezer please and thank you.
Wow! I am loving all the recipes and can't wait to try them! Two questions…..what is the difference in taste in all of them and how do you get such thick even icing between each layer of cake?!!! Looks sooo good!
Are ounces right to the 2 cups of cake flour ?
Omg Summer, I'm loving youuuuu!! those are ALL the cake recepies I've been looking for as I strive to find the perfect of each!!! Like I said, your blog has become my favorite. I love it that you answer all the questions and interact with us. Thanks a million!!!!
Over the weekend I made a rainbow cake, yeah rainbow in the inside which means I colored portions of the batter with gel colors to match the rainbow. Unfortunatelly I did not use any of your recepies since I did the one suggested in the tutorial of the cake. To make a long story short I felt that the cake came out, sort of, crumbly…as we cut the cake the slices didn't hold well and parts of it crumble. Not sure if I did something wrong or if it was the recipe…anywho, would you suggest any of your recepies to do a rainbow cake?? and yeah, the adding of gel colors would be increasing the liquid in the recepie…please help!!
Hi Rosie! I understand your frustration. It drives me crazy when I spend time making something for someone (especially those I love) and it falls short of my expectations. I would use the White Cake for a rainbow cake because you get less yellow from the butter and eggs yolk and your colors will be more true. If you really want stick togetherness you can add one or two more egg whites to the recipe too. I you are not super concerned about color the Vanilla Cake would be a choice too.
This is the only blog I check everyday and follow! Love those recipes and not sure which vanilla cake to try first (I'm a vanilla lover and you are making my dreams come true with all these recipes!). My question is out of these recipes (golden, white velvet, vanilla and this one) which one would have the best crumb for stacking and adding heavy decorations and can carve nicely?
Another question (just for me to understand from the expert here;) since this buttercream has egg yolks how can stay at room temp for 2 days? I always though that French meringue buttercream unlike swiss and italian has to be refregirated because of the egg yolks?
It think that the Sour Cream cake has the best texture for stacking and carving. It is relatively compact without being overly dense.
As far as buttercream safety is concerned, egg yolks are not uniquely susceptible to salmonella, but rather French buttercreams are usually not cooked but rather heated with a hot sugar syrup. From what I have read, this generally does not safely "pasteurize" the yolks and presents a slight bit of bacterial risk. In this buttercream the whole eggs are heated to a salmonella killing (160 F) temperature and are mixed with a high concentration of sugar which further prevents bacterial growth. In addition, the egg syrup is quick cooled to prevent it from lingering in a warm zone where bacteria thrive. I have read mixed quotes on storage of meringue-style buttercreams in general, some saying that SMBC or IMBC should not be left out more than 6 hours. I prescribe to the 2 day quote and have been doing it this way for years with no problems. One issue with this (almost) French buttercream is that it is a bit less stable than an egg white buttercream and may soften and need to be rebeaten if stored at a warm room temperature. If you are uncomfortable keeping this buttercream at room temperature by all means keep it cool 🙂 This buttercream is very firm when chilled. Let me know if you have any more questions!
Something not vanilla probably 😉 My sister's bday is Monday and her all-time favorite that I make is caramel cake with penuche filling so I will probably get to work on that soon. Soooo yummy; it's one of my faves too!
for what reason do you add baking soda to the buttercream syrup mixture? To neutralize the sourcream?
Please, I am thinking of making this for a wedding cake. I will have to freeze it about twoweeks in advance. Will it still be fresh tasting? Also, can the recipe be doubled? Thanks in advance for your help and response.
Hi Summer! Really like your recipes and the way you explain all the internal process. Now I have a question, does the buttercream call for hole eggs? 4 holes eggs? Thank you for sharing your recipes!
Hi Irina! Yes, whole eggs. French buttercream is usually all or most yolks but the whites make it more stable and work a bit better in this rich recipe. Weigh out 4 whole eggs, if you have a scale, just to make sure you have the correct equivalent. Eggs vary in size so much.
I tried the sour cream vanilla cake, it turned out really good. Not so happy with the French sour cream buttercream. It looks good, but if you are looking for the kind of icing that you get on most wedding cakes, the really sweet and heavy kind, ( the one that I love!) this one is not for you. I followed the directions exactly, just don't think it is worth all the work and ingredients. I II am sure a lot of people really like it, I just happen to be very picky !
Hi Carol, Glad you liked the cake. Yes, this buttercream recipe is definitely of the European variety, less sweet than and higher in butter content than an American buttetcream. Depending on your region (and tastes) you will find different camps on which buttercream is more suitable for wedding cakes. Since SMBCs are more chill stable they tend to be the choice for fondant covered cakes while some prefer to emrobe in an American buttercream of the crusting type. I am more of a cake than frosting girl so sweet frosting are a bit much for me. For that reason I lean toward Euronean style buttercreams for most of my confections. I do like American buttercream for some cupcakes though.
This recipe looks awesome! If you had to pick, which vanilla cake would be "the one", your go-to recipe? I'm a scratch baker, so I've been trying to find a scratch version of a white cake that rivals the moistness and popularity of the WASC cake.
Thank you for such a wonderful site full of information! I would like to make this cake for my husband's birthday and as he loves Oreos, I was thinking of adding some coarsely chopped Oreos into the batter. Would this cake hold up well with the bits of cookie in it or do you suggest one of your other vanilla cake recipes? Thanks!
I think it would work well in this recipe! This cake has a nice texture that takes well to additions and variations. I hope he enjoys it; Oreo sounds wonderful!
I love your blog. I made the american mud cake for a gathering and everyone including me loved it. I wil try the vanilla cake today and I am sure it will be so yummy. Thank you for answering all the questions.
Thank You for sharing! I would like to know,since this is a good cake for carving and stacking, would it be a perfect cake for fondant?
Hi Summer- Another buttercream question! I love the flavor that the sour cream adds here, and I'm wondering if I could convert this buttercream to an egg white version (more like a SMBC) for extra stability at room temperature? What do you think? Also, if I did it purely with egg whites (so 8oz of egg whites), would I still keep the total butter to be 20oz? Or would I scale the butter amount to 16oz (and then just use a part of that to incorporate with the sour cream, the corn syrup and some of the sugar in step 1)?
Yes, you could definitely do an egg white variation. I would keep everything the same but just use all whites for the whole eggs. Yum!
Hi Summer, if I want to make this in two 6 inch pans, what should I do. I did check your pan conversion post but I am confused as this recipe calls for three 9 inch pans. Please help!
Hi Summer, I appreciate your creative and mathematical mind so much!!!
How do you go about conversions for the really small amounts, such as < teaspoons when using the combined 0.2666 multiplier for making this as a 6" layer cake ? For instance when converting the baking powder and baking soda, I tried using grams but my Salter digital scale does not go below 1 gram.
Hi Amber! I'm so glad you like the blog. I don't have much experience with high altitude baking but you can give this a try: I would drop the baking powder down to 1 1/2 teaspoons and since there is not a lot of liquid in this cake (other than the sour cream) you may want to add 1/4 cup of milk or other liquid. Please let me know if you give this a try and if whether is works as to share with other readers. Thanks and good luck!
I made the cake this weekend and it tastes great, good texture too. But the buttercream is a massive failure! The recipe calls for 280g eggs, or four large eggs. Which is it? When I weighed out 4 large eggs, it came to 200g, so I added another egg, and it came to about 255g. I proceeded with the rest of the recipe as is. But the buttercream is a runny mess. It's so soft, I can't even finish a slice of the cake without it just running off the cake. Should I have just used four eggs and ignored the 280g instruction, or should I have added more sugar to compensate for the 5th egg? Thanks for your reply.
Oh no sad 🙁 I would always go with the weight. The quantity of eggs is just added to give you a ballpark of how many you will need. Maybe I have supersized large eggs here. Something else must have gone awry. Did the buttercream emulsify and thicken nicely or was is always kind of runny? This buttercream should definitely hold its shape when fully whipped. If you add the syrup when it is quite cold that will help. As with all French buttercreams though it does soften at a warm room temperature. You can make it with all egg whites for a more firm/stable consistency. So sorry for the ooziness. Let me know if I can help in any other way!
Hi summer, mine came runny too, big big mess…. I was thinking that maybe the problem was the temperature, i think my syrup was too cold or my butter was too warm…. in another post you say that the temperature should be 60º, are you talking about 60ª in the butter?, or the syrup?, or both? please help!!
sorry, I forgot to ask, can I substitute some of the butter for margarine or shortening?
Yes, margarine is questionable because of variances in water content. You can definitely use some shortening but keep it to 1/4 or less so it doesn't take on a poor mouthfeel.
Would the Sour Cream Vanilla Bean Cake convert well to cupcakes? Any changes to the recipe? Thanks!
Thank you soo much Summer,I love your page.can you tel me its unbleched all-purpose flour or bleaced flour.
I just love your blog and study it regularly. Today I baked your Essential Vanilla cupcakes – Amazing!! My question is – how do you think this Sour Cream Vanilla Bean cake would do baked in a 9×13 pan? I want to do a carved book-shaped cake covered in modeling chocolate. Therefore I need a sturdy cake that can be baked in a rectangular pan. Would this recipe yield too much batter for a 9×13? Or do you think is should just use the cupcake recipe instead? Thanks so much for your help!
How long should I bake the cake for a half sheet pan? And at what temperature?Thanks.
Hi Kitty! I would bake it at 325 F and check it at 40 minutes. Depending on the amount of doneness at that point, you can gauge about how much longer it will need to bake. I hope that helps!
I love how there is no brown crust in your cake and it just flows from beautiful cake to buttercream. I am making this cake tomorrow and am wondering if my oven (that browns things very nicely) will brown it too much. Do you cut off the top and bottom to get it to look like that or is there some sort of trick to make the cake not brown too much? Thank you!
Thank you so much for the quick reply! You are an awesome cake maker!!!
hi summer,can i use plain yougert for this cake.
I adore this cake. It's tasty, moist, has wonderful mouth-feel as well as visual appeal … and now after several times baking it, it has passed the reliability test!
I have also enjoyed your standard "Vanilla Cake". Since we were recently talking "fall cakes" over in your Vanilla Gluten Free post, I was wondering which of your regular flour cakes you would recommend for substituting pumpkin puree or apple sauce with for a fall cake and how much?
Hi Summer, first of all thank you for sharing your scientific proofs behind all your cakes, they are very interesting reads. I really enjoy it and love your cake photos, they are so inspiring.
I am planning to make your sour cream vanilla bean cake in two 7″ cake pans. In this case, should I multiply the ingredients by 2/3 (aka 0.66 to go from 3 pans to 2) and by 0.6 (conversion from your chart from 9″ to 6″ tin is 0.4, and from 9″ to 8″ pan is 0.8. Therefore I am taking the average number between the two). That gives me a combine multiple of 0.39. So that means I need to multiply the original ingredients by 0.39. Is that correct? As for the eggs, should I round up or down?
Thanks in advance Summer. Looking forward to try making this cake.
Hi Summer, thank you for sharing all the wonderful recipes. I tried the fresh strawberry cake and bake in four 6″ pan plus a few cupcakes. The texture and flavour is amazing! I than used it to stacked and carved to a doll cake and cover with fondant and all the guests love it!
Now, I can't wait to try this sour cream cake. Just a question, if I add some blueberries to this sour cream cake batter. Will it work well?
Thanks for the tip, I will try that out.
Hi Summer, can I substitute regular vanilla instead of the vanilla bean paste?
How much vanilla should I use? I made your vanilla cupcakes recipe in June, and they were delicious!
Hi there, I'm really looking forward to making this cake, hopefully this weekend. Can I confirm that you're using 9″ cake tins. A 9″ cake tin is 23cm but you've said 20cm which is an 8″ cake pan. I think reading through the comments it's 9″ pans but it pays to check because if nothing else, you've taught us pan size makes a big difference to the outcome 🙂 Thanks!
Hi found your site today and decided to try this recipe. YUM!! Only made the cake as hubby wanted a blueberry cream cheese frosting. This cake is exactly as you described with a tender crumb and has a great flavor. Added a bit of almond extract too and used 8 oz sour cream and 4 oz of vanilla greek yogurt as that was all I had.
Hi Summer! I've got good reviews from my family after making this. However, the elderly thinks that the buttercream is a tad too sweet. If I reduce the sugar to half, would this compromise the fluidity of the buttercream?
Hi I made this awesome cake and it tastes wonderful! One thing about it is that the edges/outer part of the cake were hard and crispy not burned. The inside is wonderful. Could it be that I need to lower the temperature of my oven? I lowered it down to 335 and same results. I Googled all the possibilities of what I did wrong. I don't use pan release I use PAM spray. Could you recommend something. I love the recipe and it's a keeper but I want the outside to be less hard and crispy. Thanks!
You said that this cake is soft, but holds up well under frosting. Is it moist, fluffy, soft and tender, or is it more on the dense side? Thanks.
can i halve this recipe? Do I need tobadjust leavening? Thanks so much! Love your blog!
#1- Can I freeze the buttercream? I plan to use all egg whites ( from carton) and I have frozen SMC before, making it 3-5 days before my cake, slowly defrosting and then putting back in mixer with whisk ( and not panicking when it alls apart and curdles, before it comes back). Will this happen with this type of buttercream too?
#2- I haven't seen vanilla bean paste in the grocery stores. Is it a specialty item, a tube ? Baking aisle? Where do I find it, or do I make it myself ( yikes). Thank you.
#3- Would you suggest covering in white choc. ganache, under fondant or will this buttercream hold up nicely under fondant?
Hi Cheree, You can just use all-purpose flour for the total weight and it should work fine. Also, the plain vanilla frosting will be great. Best wishes!
Hi Susan! Your recipes and ideas are absolutely wonderful!! I tried this sour cream vanilla cake today – tastes incredible! I was wondering if it would go well with a strawberry and cream filling?? And if I could cover that with white chocolate ganache and fondant? Thank you so much for your help!!
Both of those options would be lovely with this!
Hi Summer, What beautiful cakes you create!!! I wonder what is your favorite white or vanilla cake of the 5 you mentioned? And why? Would you mind rating your white cakes… I am always intrigued with white and/or butter/yellow cakes. I have 2 favorite ones that I use but would like to try yours but don't know where to begin for my first one.
Hi Jill, This cake is my standard favorite for a basic vanilla cake. It has lovely butter and vanilla flavors that shine through and the texture is wonderful. I hope you enjoy it!
Can I use the simple silky buttercream on this sour cream cake?
Thank you, Summer, for this awesome recipe. I was looking for a vanilla bean cake recipe that rivaled the super delicious Trader Joe's vanilla cake mix and this one was a home run! I made it for a bridal shower yesterday and all the ladies applauded me. One guests went so far as to say that she didn't like cake generally, but this cake changed her mind. 🙂 I turned it into a 4-layer, triple berry cake (blueberries, raspberries and strawberries as a filling) with whipped cream frosting. So thank you for helping me look like a pro! Next time I'll try the frosting that you suggested. Looking forward to trying more of your cake recipes!
I want to try this recipe. Can I bake everything at once in one pan? My oven is quite small. Baking in three pans would drive me mad!
If you bake it in a large pan. Just try to keep your batter depth similar.
Hi Summer! I love all your recipes – I have tried so many of them and each one is better than the other!!
I am making a 5 tier wedding cake and wanted to use this sour cream vanilla recipe for the base tier (12inch). In your opinion, will this recipe be sturdy enough to hold the weight of 4 additional ties? ( Ofcourse with adequate support system with dowels). Please let me know what you think! Thanks so much!
I just discovered your site today and look forward to making this cake for a friend's wedding this week. As I splurged and read over many of your recipes I cannot recall where you advised a Craftsy course on cake decorating. I'm not very good at getting smooth tops and sides and even amounts of filling. I look forward to getting your blogs!
Jessica Harris's classes are all awesome! I would start with her Clean and Simple Cakes. It will give you all of the basics.
Dear Summer, thank you for the awesome recipe! I choose this cake for my daughter's 4th Birthday and already tried 1/3 of the recipe, it's sooo good and reach! I am going to bake tomorrow 2 level cake in 9″ and 6″ pans, so just want you to ask would it be OK if I use 1/2 recipe for 6″ pan. Sorry I don't understand how to convert from 9″ to 6″ by your sizing chart.
I tried looking through the comments so I'm sorry if this was already addressed. I haven't seen vanilla bean paste, is vanilla extract a good substitute if I cannot find the paste?
Summer, I cannot thank you enough for your Sour Cream Vanilla Bean Cake recipe. I had never baked a cake from scratch before volunteering to make my daughters wedding cake. For the past 6 months I have tried so many recipes but nothing ever tasted good enough or had the right texture. This cake is PERFECT! I have made many practice runs of this cake. Mainly it's because we just love it!
I am happy this is working well for you Jo. Thank you!
This is the best cake, both in taste and texture. I make "shape cakes" for my daughters' birthdays, and have always used a vanilla mix with an extra egg and a brick of creamcheese added to give it more weight. This one of your tastes 100x better, and I can carve it into whatever shapes I need. You're brilliant!
Hi Summer, I stumbled across your site through Jessica Harris cake design, and thank goodness, because it's great! I wish I would have found it earlier! I wanted to ask if you're using 2″ deep pans for this recipe. I want to make a 3-tier cake with this recipe (6″, 8″ and 10″) but only have 3″ deep pans. I tried reading your Size Matters post to figure it out but can't get a grasp on it. Can this recipe be used for 3″ deep pans or should I buy 2″ deep pans? I'm making the cake for a very special friend and want it to be perfect so I'm willing to buy 2″ deep pans to make it work.
You can flavor Swiss meringue an infinite number of ways. Some ideas include adding extracts, chocolate, coffee, nuts or nut butters, crushed cookies or candy bars, caramel….anything you can imagine. Flavoring buttercream will make for a stable filling too. Best of luck!
You can use 3-inch pans just be sure to only fill them to the depth you would a 2-inch pan, about 1 to 1 1/4 inches. I hope that helps and saves you from buying new pans!
Hi i am just wondering since I live all the way in New Zealand. I am wanting to bake this cake and other of your delicious recipes but they all call for cake flour. But can't find cake flour here in our supermarkets. Can I just use normal all purpose flour instead? Please let me know many thanks.
Yes, all-purpose will give a very similar result! Best of luck.
Hi Summer, I love baking and am finding your recipes amazing. Although I cannot bake them, as we don't stock cake flour here in all the way in New Zealand. Can I just use plain- all purpose flour instead instead for all the recipes. Look forward to your reply. Many thanks.
I had to leave a comment. I am obsessed with finding the perfect vanilla cake. And this cake is on point. It was perfect and I live in Florida and everyone loves publix cakes. This is as close to their vanilla cake as I have found. Great cake! Great blog!
I am about to bake this cake for my Nieces 18th birthday and have a 14 inch x 2 in square pan. Is it correct that I will need to times the ingredients by 3 times. Your cakes look incredible and I am looking forward to trying them.
Yes, that is correct Julie. Three times the recipe should give you the right number for volume. Be sure to reduce your oven temperature a bit. You will want a long slow bake in this so the proper structure can develop. Good luck!
My guess? Cake in picture is from a mix, not a recipe using whole eggs. Not sure what recipe you took pictures of but it isn't this one.
Can I make cupcakes with this recipe? And if so, how many cupcakes will this recipe yield ?
This recipe doesn't translate perfectly to cupcakes but I think it would work well if you added 1/4 cup more of flour. This cake is big for its layers, so I would guess around 30 cupcakes. Good luck!
Im in love with all the recipes, and test you do with cakes.
Sour Cream cake is a keeper for me, tender, moist, soft, delicious….. This is the First time that I bake a cake with a flat top, my cakes usually end with a dome on top, this one was so beautiful and flat. After baked I try a simple sirup to keep it moist and was delicious. LOVE IT!
Im looking to try all your recipes and expand my repertoire of cake flavors.
Hi Summer, I've just tried this cake. It is lovely. I would like to make a chocolate version for a chocolate/vanilla layer cake. Do you have any tips on how I could do this? Thanks.
Hi Pearl, The easiest way to convert a vanilla cake to chocolate is to swap out 1/2 cup cocoa powder for 1/2 cup flour. If you want intense chocolate flavor you could bump the exchange volumes up to 3/4 cup. Another way to do this is to add a chocolate paste to the batter. This is what I do for my Marble Cake. You can follow the recipe for the paste on that cake and stir it into the batter. You may want to make 1 1/2 times the chocolate paste to flavor the whole volume of batter. Good luck!
This looks like the recipe I am looking for! I am making a naked wedding cake and need to have the 3 tiers put together Friday night for a Sunday afternoon wedding. Do you think this would remain moist enough if stored in an airtight container for the two days?
Sorry for the delay Emily! It is right about one cup.
I heard about you from another great cakester, (Becky from Little Hill Cakes) I have to say that your French sour cream BC is everything (just got through raving about it on FB. One thing that went wrong for me was that mine turned into soup in the end. My butter had been left out overnight and through out the day, it was hotter than I thought and so it was too soft. I was able to save it by switching from a paddle attachment to the balloon whisk. It saved it, taking it from liquid to a decadent peaks of ultra DB perfection. It BC was everything you promised, especially the taste and I hate BC, American, Swiss, and Italian but I guess, French is for me. Thank you, so very much! This is amazing. I can't wait to make it again.
Woo hoo! I'm glad it survived! French Buttercream is otherworldly if you ask me! I can spoon it down and I'm not a buttercream lover either. So glad this worked for you!
Hello, I want to try your recipe after reading all these great reviews. In regards to the cake flour, will it be okay if i use the AP flour and corn flour substitute? Also how do you halve 5 eggs as you cant have 2.5 eggs or can I just use 3 eggs?
You will be fine using all-purpose flour exclusively or if you can get a hold of it, pastry flour works great. For the eggs, you can either use 2 eggs and one yolk or whisk together three eggs and remove 2 tablespoons. Either method will work fine. I hope you enjoy this!
Hello Summer! Your cakes are genius… I was wondering (because I'm obsessed with this one) but have to make a marble cake. Can I mix this one and perhaps your buttermilk chocolate cake for a marble cake. I need a good firm cake for stacking and wondering how it'd work out.
I have a great Marble Cake you can try, or you can just add the chocolate paste from that recipe to a portion of this batter and marble it.
Hi Summer! Would it be ok to bake this cake in 3 8-inch round pans instead? Thanks.
Hi Faten! You can, but you should reduce the volume of batter you use to 3/4 or 4/5 of the original (4/5 will make it easier to reduce the eggs but will be complicated for other measurements). Otherwise you will overflow your pans since this recipe fills up the 9 inch pans all the way. Good luck!
Will it be okay to bake this cake in a 12×18 sheet pan? I've been commissioned by a friend of mine for a birthday cake for her son, and since I've had such great success with your Essential Vanilla Cupcakes, I've decided to give this one a shot.
I have an urgent question! I'm planning to make this cake this saturday for a b-day party, and I was wondering if you added the softened butter in cubes, or as a whole stick? I feel that it would make a difference since if it was in cubes it would coat the flour more by the end of 30 seconds of mixing.
Hi, Summer. Does this cake torte well? I am making 12×18 sheet cake and I want to fill it. Also, would a double batch be sufficient, or should I 2.5 the recipe?
Hi! I have a question I wonder if you'd mind pondering the answer. How do you think coconut oil would work as a substitute for vegetable oil?
Thank you for any thoughts you might have.
Hi Summer! Could I use all egg whites in this? If so, how many? And how much more fat would you add to replace the fat of the yolks?
Hello, how many days can it be stored in the fridge ?
Also if I will bake it on a 8×8 square pan, should I change the temperature ?
This cake and buttercream is divine! The buttercream was very melty so tough to decorate with but otherwise so delicious and silky. Is the texture meant to be that soft or did maybe do something wrong?
Hello Summer. I will be making a 10″-8″-6″ tiered cake and this recipe will be one of the tiers (yet to be decided but it is a MAJOR crowd favorite!) My question is I don't think this would hold up well under fondant, right? The sour cream frosting tends to be on the softer side. So if I use that frosting for the filling, what would you suggest as an alternative for the outside? Something that firms up quite well to support the weight of the fondant?
Hey Summer. Which of your awesome recipes would you suggest for a large four tier wedding cake? I'd like to try the sour cream vanilla but I typically bake in 3″ deep pans. I'm afraid the 12×3 pan would never allow the cake to fully bake and the texture would be very dense.
Hi Paula! Of all of my recipes, tis one is probably best suited for baking large and deep. I would reduce the baking temp by 25 degrees for the 12″ inch cake and I would use cake strips, if you have them, to keep the outter edges moist and tender. But this recipe should work great. Best of luck!
Thanks Summer! I'm going to give it a try.
Hi, can I make this cake in 2 6″ pans? Should I use less batter?
Hi Zena! Yes you can make this in two 6″ pans. You will want about 1/3 of the original recipe.
Hi Rhona! I'm so glad you're happy with the cake. You can definitely add run but if you add too much it can affect the cake's structure. You can probably add 3-4 tablespoons without much trouble. Here is a post on Baking with Alcohol I wrote for The Cake Blog that explains more on baking with alcohol. Good luck!
Could I make this into a lemon cake by adding some fresh lemon juice and zest to the batter?
Hi Cassandra! You can definitely make this into a lemon cake. I would add lemon zest and lemon oil. Lemon juice can throw off the chemistry of the cake. But if you would like to add it, include 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda for each 2 tablespoons of lemon juice you add to neutralize some of the acidity. I hope this turns out great for you!
I was searching and searching for a recipe that uses oil and sour cream in the mix! Just a few questions, Can you make these as cupcakes? and do you think it would be okay if i added a jello mix dry to this batter?
Hi Nita, You would be fine adding jello mix to the batter. This recipe will not work well as cupcakes though. They will bake very flat. I would make my Essential Vanilla Cupcakes and add the jello to that recipe. Best wishes!
I love this cake and have gotten great reviews. I just caught something in the comments section and wanted to clarify. The recipe says 12 oz sour cream for the cake but one of the commenters said 8 oz of sour cream. Which is the correct one? Thank you!!
Hi! About how many cups of batter does this recipe make?
I am trying to use this to make a checkerboard cake and I was thinking of trying to do one of the layers chocolate. Can I add chocolate to this cake or do you have a suggestion on what I can do?
Hi Brandy! Yes, I have found a great way to make cakes chocolate. Go to the Marble Cake recipe. I use a chocolate "paste" in that recipe to flavor half of the batter. This same paste works well on other cakes to turn them into chocolate. If you are only turning half of the batter chocolate, you can use the same quantities listed in the Marble Cake recipe. I hope this works for you!
Thank you so much! I have already done three layers with this recipe so I'm glad I can just keep going with it! Do I need to reduce any of the ingredients if I'm going to do a full recipe of the chocolate?
This cake was so delicious that I ate it without frosting it! I set my oven for 350°, verified with 2 oven thermometers, checked cake at 25 minutes, added 5 more minutes, added 5 more minutes and finally 5 more minutes. I have a new gas oven and I put 2 9″ wilton cake pans on the middle rack. It also took 40 minutes to bake the last pan. They were not over baked as far as I know since this was my first time and nothing to compare. They were moist but firm. I did use wilton bake even cake strips. Could this be the reason they needed longer bake time? They were perfect!


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A total of 10 sub events were held,namely, Colloquia, which was a traditional group discussion.
Just in Time: An extempore event, showcasing the spontaneity ofstudents.
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Troika 12 - 17th, 18th and19th of Jan.
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TROIKA 2013 - 15th,16th,and 17thof January.
Troika, a three-day event, tookplace on the It saw the participation ofover 560 students across 23 colleges from Pune.
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The sixth edition of Troika, BMCC's annual inter-collegiate fest saw an unprecedented participation of 2100 individuals and an overall footfall of 5000people. The fest saw participants from over 80 colleges across Pune and Mumbai.Troika 2016 was centered around the theme Road Trip and was organized by a team of 200 students.
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To conform to the theme, the event hosted adisplay of Superbikes.
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This edition of Troika, BMCC's annual inter-collegiate fest saw anunprecedented participation of 3000 individuals. Troika 2018 was centeredaround the theme Illusion and wasorganized by a team of 200 students. Theevent associated with 32 brands of various industries.


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Ford Releases More Info on the Electric Focus on Jay Leno's Show
Marc Carter
Tonight on Jay Leno's new prime time show, the first celebrity, Drew Barrymore will race an all electric Ford Focus in Leno's new segment called "Green Car Challenge." Ford has released photos and specs of the electric Focus that will be featured in the show.
Ford engineers in Dearborn started with a five-door Euro-spec Focus ST and removed the engine and fuel tank. In its place the engineers installed an electric powertrain, which uses a permanent magnetic electric motor that puts out 141 horsepower and 236 lb-ft. of torque. The electric motor gets its power from lithium-ion batteries that are positioned in such a way to give the car near 50-50 weight distribution.
The Focus BEV that is featured on the show gives us a glimpse of the actual production electric Focus that will be available in 2011.
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ELECTRIC FORD FOCUS READY TO RACE TONIGHT IN "THE JAY LENO SHOW'S" GREEN CAR CHALLENGE
Background: A battery-electric Ford Focus will appear tonight, Friday, Sept. 18 on "The Jay Leno Show" (NBC, Monday through Friday, 10-11 p.m. ET) in a segment they call "Green Car Challenge." The battery-electric Ford Focus will be used throughout the first season of the show, driven by celebrity guests who accept the challenge.
SUMMARY / PHOTO CAPTIONS:
* An electric-powered Ford Focus is ready to race tonight on "The Jay Leno Show" (NBC, Monday through Friday, 10-11 p.m. ET) in a segment called "Green Car Challenge." Tuned to perform on a racetrack that was specifically designed for "The Jay Leno Show," the battery-electric Ford Focus will be the car used throughout the first season. Actress Drew Barrymore is the first celebrity guest to accept the show's "Green Car Challenge."
* A one-of-a-kind battery-electric Focus will make its television debut tonight on "The Jay Leno Show's" "Green Car Challenge." Celebrities who accept the challenge will be at the wheel, driving quickly to establish a fast lap time thatfuture guests will try to beat. The "Green Car Challenge" will be a regular segment on "The Jay Leno Show."
* The electric Focus to be driven by celebrity guests on "The Jay Leno Show" is one-of-a-kind vehicle, based on the European five-door production Focus ST, modified into a battery electric vehicle (BEV) as part of Ford's BEV test fleet. The Focus BEV foreshadows many of the same systems that Ford will begin selling to consumers in an all-new electric Ford Focus, scheduled to go on sale in North America in 2011. The new Focus BEV is one of four electrified vehicles Ford is introducing now through 2012 as part of the company's commitment to deliver best-in-class fuel efficiency with every new vehicle it introduces.
* "The unique Focus BEV for "The Jay Leno Show" started life as a European production Focus ST, built in Germany in July. The car was delivered to Ford's world headquarters in Dearborn, Mich., where engineers went to work, removing the traditional engine and gas tank and installing an entire electric powertrain – all in six weeks. With Recaro racing seats, a full roll cage, a five-point racing harness and wearing a unique (and fitting) "Electric Orange" paint scheme, the battery-electric Focus ST is ready for racing.
* With a sophisticated electric powertrain, the zero-emissions Ford Focus BEV delivers nearly as much torque at the wheels as a 2010 Ford Mustang V-6. It also stores enough energy to power an average household for 24 hours.
* Thanks in part to the battery placement, the race-ready Ford Focus BEV has a nearly ideal 50/50 weight distribution for improved racetrack handling. The front springs and dampers come from the performance-minded Ford Focus RS, a popular, high-performance European production model. The rear dampers and springs are unique to Leno's Focus BEV.
* The car is specifically tuned to perform on the track built alongside "The Jay Leno Show" studio at NBC. To help improve performance, Ford created a similar track at its proving ground in Michigan so the vehicle would be ready to handle the tight turns.
* Besides an ability to perform on the track, the Ford Focus BEV boasts the impressive statistics of a conventional battery electric vehicle, with a range of nearly 80 miles on a charge and peak power of 141 horsepower (105 kilowatts).
VEHICLE SPECS:
Powertrain: Permanent magnetic electric motor
Power: 141 hp / 105 kw
Torque: 236 lb.-ft. / 320 Nm
Redline: 7500 rpm
Batteries: 98 air-cooled, 60 A-h Lithium-ion batteries
Capacity: 23 kilowatt hours
Transmission: Single-speed gearbox
Steering: Electric power-assisted rack-and-pinion
Front suspension: MacPherson-type struts
Rear suspension: Independent short-long arm (SLA), control blade multi-link system
Brakes: Front: 12.6 in / 320 mm ventilated discs
Rear: 11.0 in / 280 mm solid disc
Anti-lock system
Wheelbase: 104 in / 2640 mm
Overall length: 171.7 in / 4362 mm
Overall height: 58.9 in / 1497 mm
Overall width: 72.4 in / 1840 mm
Curb weight: 3,421 lbs
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Marc Carter is the Editor-in-Chief and founder of Diabetesss. When he's not writing news or reviews for Diabetesss, he also contributes to Inhabitat.com.
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