Who or what is Spirit? Spirit has been showing up lately in Quaker contexts minus the article "a" or "the," and without any more descriptive modifier like the venerable "holy." A recent article in Friends Journal included two of the more contemporary usages followed later by one instance of "the Spirit." Since Spirit sounds kind of buddy‐buddy to my ear, I guessed at what might have made the writer switch back to the more old‐fashioned name, and I wondered what the choice between the two may have meant, or not meant, for that author.
Just this month I participated in two Quaker events in which Spirit appeared unaccompanied. In the first, I was reminded that Friends will differ in how they speak of the Divine—God, the Light, or Spirit. In the second, I was advised to think about what Spirit was asking me to do.
I bristled. Are Spirit and I on the sort of terms where Spirit's wish is my command? Have we even been introduced?
Probably we have. I was recently part of a small and for me very uncomfortable meet‐and‐greet with strangers, and felt that I should stay and say something rather than follow my own desire to flee. I asked a Presbyterian minister friend of mine whether that might have been an experience of the Holy Spirit: I had the sense of a presence near me who wanted something to be said but needed a physical body, in this case mine, in order to say it.
The presence was not commanding but coaxing. It needed a job done, and I was the least unlikely doer of the bunch that had gathered that morning. I was surprised to find that I had warm feelings for the official I was addressing, even though I deeply disliked her before I started talking and immediately afterward. The sympathy I felt for her turned on and off as if there were a switch. Message delivered, I made my polite exit. One of the women at the meeting followed me to the sign‐out desk and told me, "I'm glad you said that." I nodded my thanks and hurried to my car to shed my angry tears in private.
My young friend, the minister, said she thought that experience qualified and added that it made her think of angels. She knows I'm religious but not a believer—not a theist to use a more technical term.
That probably explains some of what makes me so uneasy when I hear or read about Spirit. I worry that Spirit is really God in some sort of witness protection program, protection from people like me. Otherwise, why would I care? After all, wasn't it the scope for new ideas and insights and inspirations that drew me to Friends in the first place 50 years ago?
Over those years, I've come to worship a combination of abstractions rather than a being. It's to that glowing conglomerate of virtues, and to the people in whom I see it operating, that I look for guidance and strength. I've come to think of my object of worship as the product of my particular mind and other people's gods as equally homemade, if not equally compelling to me. What would I lose if I got on board and decided to call that Spirit?
I'm afraid I'd lose my sense of responsibility for my own actions and inactions and thoughts and allegiances. I persist in imagining myself among Friends but nevertheless, as the old song says, walking this lonesome valley by myself, since nobody else can walk it for me. And unless I'm very persuasive, I can't walk it for somebody else.
I want to call "foul" when anybody says firmly that God, or Spirit, wills this or that. I'm uneasy when somebody brings a big dog to a struggle that I think ought to be fought hand‐to‐hand. I think if somebody can't persuade another person that something is right or wrong without introducing a divine ally into the conversation, maybe the message just isn't strong or convincing enough on its own terms.
Spirit seems to have assumed a major office among Friends these days. Does it matter whether we know the nature of whom or what we put in that office? Maybe not, but on the other hand, remember that other big election we had lately in which a relative unknown won. All those ongoing surprises! Maybe it's the aftershocks of life with the current Caesar that make me anxious to know more about Spirit.
The common element I experience in our unProgrammed Quaker Meeting is that we ask to be led, we listen, we get a message, we act on it, and we like the result. How that's done is probably different for everyone there, Christian, Buddhist, Pagan/Wiccan/Pantheist, or empiricist ("I do it and it works").
The label is at best a marker on the map, it's not the territory. Merton called "it" the "inner spirit infused with God" and asserted we all have that available to us and that it is the ultimate moral authority. And even that is just more detail on the map, not the territory.
We are also aware that one's leading is for one, not for all, until tested and found to be so. Spiritual discernment both broadens and sharpens our leadings.
Worship for us means the act of listening, however accomplished, to that place beyond words, however named and conceptualized, with an open heart and mind.
Practice leads to progress. Many of us have had various mystical experiences common among Friends, for example watching oneself give a message and then being unable to remember what was said. As the yoga teachers of old caution, these are only side‐effects of spiritual practice, neither targets nor stopping places.
My leading in the time of our current Caesar — a time I saw coming 50 years ago as a poll watcher in Nashville — is that we need to reach out, frequently and regularly, to those unlike us with compassion, tenderness, and with hearts opened to listen. That message has not been met with resounding hallelujah's in my spiritual community. "Spirit" (by whatever name, or in my case for internal use, no name) is very firm on this, however, and has the usual wry comments as I half‐contemplate pulling a Jonah (but avoiding boats during the process).
I am grateful for your sharing, reminding us of the impossibility of disregarding Spirit (by whatever never‐complete label or conceptualization).
Thanks, Hank Fay. Your response really added to my understanding.


Siemens' new site in Goole has been awarded a billion-pound contract to build trains for the London Underground.
The company, who are building a state-of-the-art train building factory just off the M62 in Goole, will build 94 trains for a number of underground lines, as Transport for London continues its expansion of the network in the capital.
The contract to design and develop the next generation of tube trains is thought to be worth £1.5bn and will see them end up operating on the Piccadilly line as part of a multi-billion pound project, to improve and speed up it and four other underground routes.
When built, the Siemens Mobility factory in East Yorkshire would employ up to 700 people in skilled engineering and manufacturing roles, as well as up to an additional 250 people while the factory is being built.
The news also means 50 new apprentice and graduate positions could be created.
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"Additionally we can further develop rail skills and our investment, something that is so important to our organisations and the continued success of the UK rail industry.


Working in the computer industry - whether you're a software developer or an IT consultant - comes with its own set of risks. If you come into contact with members of the public in the course of your business, you're likely to need public liability insurance so that you're covered if someone makes a compensation claim against you. For claims made against you by a client due to negligence or a mistake you've made in your work, it's professional indemnity insurance that protects you. With Simply Business you can build the policy you want by choosing the covers and cover levels you need.
Professional indemnity insurance is really important if your computer or IT business gives advice, for example if you offer consultancy. If your client suffers a financial loss and they blame the advice you've given, they could make a compensation claim against you, and your professional indemnity insurance could cover the legal fees and compensation payment. For example you advise a company that they need to invest in expensive security software and they do so, only to find out later that this wasn't necessary. They could then make a compensation claim against you to recoup the money they lost.
Public liability insurance covers you against claims made by a member of the public for injury or damage that's caused by your business. For example if you spilt coffee over a customer's computer and broke it, this insurance could pay the compensation payment, which would probably take into account the repair or replacement cost of the equipment.
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The Invisible Rainbow
The Invisible Rainbow quantity
A History of Electricity and Life
Over the last 220 years, society has evolved a universal belief that electricity is "safe" for humanity and the planet. Scientist and journalist Arthur Firstenberg disrupts this conviction by telling the story of electricity in a way it has never been told before from an environmental point of view by detailing the effects that this fundamental societal building block has had on our health and our planet.
In The Invisible Rainbow, Firstenberg traces the history of electricity from the early 18th century to the present, making a compelling case that many environmental problems—as well as the major diseases of industrialized civilization, such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer—are related to electrical pollution. The story of the invention and use of electricity has often been told before, but never from this point of view.
The assumption of safety, and the conviction that electricity has nothing to do with life, are by now so entrenched in the human psyche that new research and testimony by those who are being injured is not enough to change the course that society has set. Two increasingly isolated worlds—the one inhabited by the majority, who embrace new electrical technology without question, and the one inhabited by a growing minority, who are fighting for survival in an electrically polluted environment—no longer even speak the same language.
Arthur Firstenberg bridges the two worlds. In a story that is rigorously scientific yet easy to read, he provides a surprising answer to the question, "How can electricity be suddenly harmful today when it was safe for centuries?"
Arthur Firstenberg is a scientist and journalist who is at the forefront of a global movement to tear down the taboo surrounding this subject. After graduating Phi Beta Kappa from Cornell University with a degree in mathematics, he attended the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine from 1978 to 1982. Injury by X-ray overdose cut short his medical career. For the past thirty-eight years he has been a researcher, consultant, and lecturer on the health and environmental effects of electromagnetic radiation, as well as a practitioner of several healing arts.
"Few individuals today are able to grasp the entirety of a scientific subject and present it in a highly engaging manner, in plain English, without losing any of the details. In The Invisible Rainbow, Firstenberg has done just that with one of the most pressing but neglected problems of our technological age. This book, which as a medical doctor I found hard to put down, explores the relationship between electricity and life from beginning to end: from the early eighteenth century to today, and from the point of view of the physician, the physicist, and the average person in the street. Firstenberg makes a compelling case that the major diseases of civilization―heart disease, diabetes, and cancer―are in large part related to the pollution of our world by electricity."―Bradley Johnson, MD, Amen Clinic, San Francisco
"The Invisible Rainbow is wonderful. Firstenberg has done his research thoroughly. His book is easily readable and provocative while being entertaining. A remarkable contribution."―David O. Carpenter, MD, director, Institute for Health and the Environment, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany
"I found it to be a mystery unfolding and could not put it down. It shines a new light on diseases that come from electrical development, and addresses current environmental crises that only a few yet realize are the consequence of electrosmog. This book is very, very important."―Sandy Ross, PhD, president, Health and Habitat, Inc.
"I was stunned by this book. It is an extremely valuable document about an increasingly widespread environmental health risk to which we are all exposed. I am overwhelmed with admiration for what Firstenberg has accomplished."―William E. Morton, MD, DrPH, professor emeritus, Oregon Health Sciences University
"Firstenberg is a pioneer in the sense that Rachel Carson was a pioneer."―Chellis Glendinning, PhD, author of When Technology Wounds
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JOINT REVIEW: The House of Shattered Wings by Aliette de Bodard
JanineA- Reviews / B+ Reviews / Recommended Readsangels / dragons / Fantasy / immortal / Paris / Recommended Read / Vietnam6 Comments
Janine: Aliette de Bodard's new fantasy novel, The House of Shattered Wings, takes place in an alternate late twentieth century Paris, a city peopled not just by humans but also by fallen angels cast out of Heaven by the Christian God for reasons they themselves do not recall.
The Fallen and some of the humans are divided into groups called Houses. Sixty years before the book opens, the Houses began to fight among themselves, the genesis for a Great War which unleashed magical weapons on the city. Now Paris is run down, studded with magical booby traps, and the Seine, the river which was once its heart, horribly polluted.
The book opens when a new Fallen, Isabelle crashes to the earth. Selene, head of House Silverspires, rescues Isabelle and captures Philippe, one of her attackers, and takes them both back to the House, but not before Philippe has injured Isabelle and created a psychic bond between them. Everyone assumes Philippe is mortal, but the reader soon learns otherwise.
Isabelle is vulnerable to others who would steal her magic by killing her, and therefore needs the protection of Silverspires, while Philippe wants only to be freed from any connection to the House. Where Philippe is concerned, Selene has other ideas. Her goal is to examine Philippe and deduce just how and why his magic works. If she can't figure it out, she may just kill him. In the meantime, she uses Silverspires' magic to chain him to the House.
The book also has a fourth central character, the House's alchemist, Madeleine, who is human. Madeleine is addicted to angel essence, a substance that gives her some powers, but such a depedency is against Selene's rules. Twenty years ago, Madeleine was a minor member of another House, Hawthorn, and the Fallen she loved, Elphon, died in a coup from within. Madeleine barely survived and was brought to Silverspires by its previous leader, Morningstar, the first fallen angel, on the very last day he was seen.
In Morningstar's time, Silverspires was the most powerful of the Fallen's Houses. Morningstar's presence and power made him and his House seem invincible. But twenty years before, Morningstar, who had trained Selene and others before her, disappeared without a word and left no trace.
One day, Philippe and Isabelle wander into Notre Dame, which in the novels is part of Silverspires, and Philippe finds a mirror. When he touches it something passes into him, and later into Paris. Philippe begins to have visions. Morningstar plays a prominent role in these visions which Philippe comes to realize are someone else's memories, impressions of that other person's anger and hatred for Silverspires.
Soon, people associated with Silverspires begin dying. A dangerous being stalks the House person by person, draining its Fallen victims of blood and magic. Human victims are instead infused with magic until it kills them.
Meanwhile, Philippe has hatched a plan to escape the chains of Silverspires' magic, but this requires aid from another party who will only help Philippe if he betrays the House's weakness to an enemy. Isabelle learns of Philippe's plans and must decide whether her allegiance to Silverspires, on which her life depends, is greater than her loyalty to Philippe.
For his part, Philippe has no allegiance to Silverspires; quite the contrary. Not only is he imprisoned by Selene's magic, Philippe has seen his homeland, Annam, colonized by the Fallen, and he and his fellow Annamites were brought to Paris to fight in the Houses' Great War. Philippe suffered personal losses in the war, and he is homesick for the country that he loved but cannot return to, so he hates the House system and views it as corrupt.
It is up to Philippe, Isabelle, Madeleine and Selene to figure out who is stalking Silverspires and why — if they can bring themselves to cooperate with each other, and in Phillippe's case, to care about Silverspires' fate.
Sunita: Great recap! It's hard to do spoiler-free justice to all the different threads and characters. I really enjoyed the slow build of the plot. You're thrown into the quickly and you just have to read and trust the author to make it worth your while, but that was definitely the case for me.
Janine: Yes! I loved the slow build up. The novel is written in third person with three viewpoint characters – Philippe, Selene and Madeleine. Isabelle, a combination of power, innocence, and canniness, is important to the storyline, but she's seen only through the eyes of these three; readers have no access to her point of view.
The writing is powerful, rich with atmosphere, and psychological. Although the structure is linear, there are a many small flashbacks in which the characters reflect on their pasts. With one exception in which a flashback seemed ill-timed, I loved that.
Sunita: De Bodard is very effective at establishing atmosphere and getting you into the heads of the characters. The cerebral and the emotional are well balanced, and I agree the writing is powerful. You have to pay attention or you'll miss stuff, because she doesn't signpost everything and the prose isn't showy. This book is quite different from her Aztec mystery series (and less overtly bloody), but I think it will appeal to readers who enjoyed those.
Janine: The characters here were all interesting. My favorite, and the closest thing to a central character, was Philippe. Although he was a near- immortal, he felt more grounded than the other characters – even Madeleine, who was human.
Part of this was because Philippe was vulnerable throughout, first to Selene, then to whatever it was he'd released from the mirror in Notre Dame, but part of it was because he was far more aware of the way power, privilege and pride had corrupted Silverspires and the other Houses.
I did get a little tired of Philippe's thoughts about power creating injustices because it was repeated a lot. It couldn't be more true but it's a problem that's much easier to point out than to suggest a solution to, since human beings, like other animals, have always been drawn to hierarchical structures. I would have loved to have seen the alternatives to the House system, such as the gang Philippe initially belonged to, or the Jade Emperor's court in Annam, explored in greater detail.
Sunita: I think we're in Philippe's POV the most, so it's not surprising to me that I found him the most compelling. He has a fascinating backstory, and as the wronged outsider from an exploited culture, he's sympathetic to me even when he's behaving badly. It's an interesting choice, and it made me forget that he was a powerful man within his constraints. The men in this story feel more structurally powerful than the women, and there are several instances where it's clear that the even the relatively powerful women are subordinate to men's choices and whims.
I read the whole book as being about power and the ways in which power shapes relationships and identities, so I didn't notice the repetition you did. Philippe's relationship to Selene and Silverspires is analogous to the Paris/Annam one, so the power issues are always front and center, and his liminality between the two societies meant that he often saw the contradictions more keenly than the characters who were firmly in one or the other.
I guess I don't really agree that all humans are naturally hierarchical, or at least that all societies are necessarily hierarchical, certainly not to the extent represented by the Western-aristocratic model of the Houses. The glimpses of the society under the Seine and Philippe's original gang seemed to offer an alternative, but there wasn't enough there for us to really know.
Janine: You make a great point that some systems are less hierarchical than others. I wasn't certain whether those alternative systems were truly more just, or whether Philippe was partial to them because they were better to him. The gang likely wouldn't have been kind to Isabelle, and the other courts also had rulers. Certainly Philippe's situation in Silverspires was unjust, but I felt he saw the House system mostly in black and white terms, whereas the novel seemed to signal that as messed up as it was, it had shades of gray.
I was also frustrated with Madeleine's repetitive thinking. Her thoughts circled back to her trauma at Hawthorn and her craving for angel essence, but the latter is to be expected of an addict and in the end, Madeleine proved herself capable of heroism.
Sunita: Madeleine struck me as the "veteran outsider," female version of Philippe, except with the addiction issue. She too has lost a lot in the House Wars and had no control over what happened to her.
Janine: True, yet Madeleine was far more committed to the House system than Philippe. She was an outsider-insider in that way.
I thought Selene was the most conventional and least interesting of the characters, but what was most enjoyable about the viewpoint shifts is that none of the three POV characters had much fondness for the other two, so we get to see those three from different angles.
Sunita: I found Selene more interesting, and ultimately more sympathetic, than you did. When we meet her she's pretty unappealing, but as the story unfolds I realized what a no-win situation she was in and how difficult her choices were. She was constantly under the shadow of Morningstar and fighting rearguard actions against the other Houses. By the end, her more intimate scenes touched me.
Janine: Selene was in a no-win scenario but if she'd given Philippe the benefit of the doubt, she might have been better prepared. I got more frustrated with her over time. At first all she knew about Philippe's character was that he'd harmed Isabelle. Later, she had some clues that he might be worth listening to, but she still wasn't interested in hearing what he had to say. Still, I too became more aware of her vulnerability and found her later intimate scenes touching.
The novel draws on both Western and Vietnamese mythology and I enjoyed the deft touch of Vietnamese-influenced fantasy in particular. It gave The House of Shattered Wings distinction and freshness. I especially liked the hidden world under the Seine.
The Western angel fantasy wasn't as appealing to me, being very much based on the Christian view of angels and Lucifer / Morningstar. (In Judaism angels are portrayed very differently so books featuring Christian and/or Miltonian portrayals require me to adjust my thinking).
The way different mythologies co-existed was fascinating and I wanted to know more about these deities' relationships to each other and to their peoples. There was a small mention of minor Jewish mythological beings that niggled at me because the fallen angels' God was portrayed as European and no mention was made of his having origins in the Middle East.
Sunita: I don't have much knowledge or background in angel-oriented mythology (religious or otherwise), so that part sailed over my head. I just went with the depiction on the page. I found the integration of the supernatural and the aristocratic aspects intriguing. The little touches, like the carriages, the clothing choices, and the manners of address all contributed to a Fallen (heh) Gilded Age feel that worked well with the Parisian setting.
And it's not surprising given De Bodard's other work that the Vietnamese parts were so well executed, but it was very rewarding. As in the real world, the Viet people and cultures understood the Fallen/French people and cultures better than the reverse, and I liked the way the different POVs offered different levels of understanding. I would have liked to see more of the Viet sections as well, just because the were so intriguing, but the book probably worked better overall with that as a brief section.
Janine: Agreed. I also liked the way Morningstar's reign at Silverspires was still felt, even two decades after his disappearance. For a missing character, he had more presence than some of Silverspires' occupants, and this contributed to the novel's haunting mood.
The narrative sets up readers to care about the fate of Silverspires, so there were times when I wished Philippe would cooperate with Selene more, but his resistance to doing so was the most natural, normal thing in the world, given his history with the west, with Houses and with Selene. Meanwhile Selene and Madeleine frustrated me by refusing to give Philippe the benefit of the doubt, although there, too, there was some reason for the distrust.
There are also wonderfully depicted secondary characters, from Selene's lover Emmanuelle, a Fallen "manifested as African" to the softspoken Oris, Madeleine's first assistant, to Asmodeus and Claire, the menacing heads of Houses Hawthorn and Lazarus. I loved the little details that went into crafting these characters, from Asmodeus's horn-rimmed glasses to Claire's own favorite accessory, a cluster of children.
Sunita: Morningstar never felt particularly real to me, more of a construct, even by the end of the story. I agree his ambiguous departure created a haunting mood, and the unresolved issues set up a lot of the conflicts.
In SFF particularly, I often read happily without developing much of an attachment to any of the characters. For me the worldbuilding and the intellectual aspects of the novel were so interesting that I found myself immersed in the world and the story without investing in any particular character's journey, if that makes sense. Similarly, I didn't see Silverspires as better than Hawthorn, just different (and I found Asmodeus in particular to be a complex and compelling character). But there is plenty here for readers whose reading enjoyment is enhanced by those kinds of attachments.
Janine: I hoped Philippe could find a way out, as well as a way to free himself from the thing in the mirror's power. I wanted Isabelle to survive. I don't know enough to say if Hawthorn was better or worse than Silverspires (and the question would also be for whom, since one thing the POV structure makes clear is that much is subjective), but I agree about Asmodeus.
I approached this novel thinking that it was a standalone. So, though I loved the first three quarters, the final quarter confounded me. I expected, if not a happy ending for one of the four characters, then at least a more pronounced growth arc for them, or a stronger sense of resolution.
Sunita: I think I'd read that de Bodard had been signed to a three-book deal when this one was announced, and I just assumed it would be the first in a series, since there are so few standalone SFFs (or any genre books these days). So I didn't have the same experience as you. There are only partial resolutions, as you say, but I felt the characters grew and developed quite a bit despite the lack of finality. All of them (Isabelle, Philippe, Madeleine, Selene, and even Asmodeus) are in different places emotionally and psychologically at the end than they were when we met them.
Janine: I wish I'd known it was the first book in a trilogy because my aforementioned issues with Philippe, Madeleine and Selene were largely due to my wrong assumption. Even so, I enjoyed the first three quarters a great deal, so much that by the third quarter, it looked like an A- read. Although the last quarter brought my grade down to a B+, I will be reading on.
Sunita: I've been looking forward to this book for so long that I was nervous about starting it, and it took me a while to become immersed in it. But then I fell, and fell hard, into the story. It felt like the beginning of a longer text-reader relationship, but without any obvious cliffhangers. I also want to mention that there is an audiobook read by one of my favorite narrators, so I have a feeling that my reread will be a first listen. Grade: A-.
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Janine Ballard loves well-paced, character driven novels in romance, fantasy, YA, and the occasional outlier genre. Examples include novels by Katherine Addison, Ilona Andrews, Kristin Cashore, Cecilia Grant, Piper Huguley, Carolyn Jewel, Jeannie Lin, Miranda Neville, M. O'Keefe and Nalini Singh. Janine also writes fiction. Her critique partners are Sherry Thomas, Meredith Duran and Bettie Sharpe. Her erotic short story, "Kiss of Life," appears in the Berkley anthology AGONY/ECSTASY under the pen name Lily Daniels. You can email Janine at janineballard at gmail dot com or find her on Twitter @janine_ballard.
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September 4, 2015 @ 10:44 am
Such an excellent review. I have this one – after short story I read which Sunita reviewed I loved her writing style so much.
@Sirius: Thank you! I hope you enjoy this book. It is so well-written.
Liz Mc2
A copy of this just arrived on my doorstep today, and I am really looking forward to it, especially after this review. If you both like something it bodes well for me!
hapax
A question about this: "The Western angel fantasy wasn't as appealing to me, being very much based on the Christian view of angels and Lucifer / Morningstar"
When you say "the Christian view of angels", are you referring to more or less "traditional" angelology, or is this more the paranormal/fantasy angels that have become so fashionable in the past decade or so?
Because honestly, all of these recent "angels", who might as well be faeries or elves or vampires or ESPers with wings really get on my nerves.
"Angel" is a word with meaning, darnit, a very rich and complex one; and dumping that for an all-purpose "magical being" is above all poor craft, akin to taking a dude with super-strength and sparkly skin, who just so happens to be fine in the daylight, loves garlic and crosses, and never drinks human blood, and calling him a "vampire".
Pfui.
@Liz Mc2: I hope you enjoy it!
@hapax: I guess I would say they are somewhere in between the two types you describe. They are cast out of heaven by God, and the first of them is Morningstar. They are flawed, but since they're Fallen angels it makes sense that they would be. The way they lose power but gain canniness and cynicism as time passes is the author's invention, I believe.
What I meant by my statement was more that the way angels are portrayed in Judaism is different than what is shown in Church frescoes or what I read about in most books. In Judaism angels are fearsome beings impossible to look upon. I suppose a fallen angel might not have that kind of power, but in Judaism there's not the same kind of fascination with Lucifer, fallen angels, and hell that there is in Christianity. It's just not as relevant there.
None of that was reflected in the book, and for that reason, an adjustment in my thinking was needed. I had a similar need to adjust my thinking with Sharon Shinn's angel books, and really, with many angel books, movies and other works, including Paradise Lost.
March 7, 2016 @ 9:59 am
I finally finished this book and it was fantastic, thanks Sunita again for the recommendation and thanks to both of you for the awesome review – I loved everything about it – world, mythology, characters. I thought it was wonderful how she made them so flawed and sympathetic at the same time. Yes, I was attached to Philippe a lot :-) and hope for some kind of optimistic resolution for him at the end and yes, Madeleine was my second favorite character. Thanks Sunita for pointing that she was similar to Philippe in many ways.
No, did not care for Selene at all – not just because she had to make tough decisions which I hated, I could have dealt with it, if for the sake of the House translated into for the sake of "people of the House" (fallen of the House, whatever). I just felt that for her House was some sort of abstract construction and that's what she was more concerned with preserving rather than caring for those who were part of it.
I knew it was the first book, so I did not expect the final resolution either. Definitely goes on my Hugo list – such beautiful writing, really enjoyed.


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07/11/2018 09/01/2018 Joseph Torres Entertainment, Video Downloads, Watching, YouTube
Thirteen years ago, here we are with one of the most visited sites after Google and Facebook; YouTube. With at least two billion visits in a day, YouTube is one of the best-selling and enjoyable companies everyone can visit online. Imagine that lesson on skiing, that tutorial on that hard statistics topic or that funny video you missed on TV and that piece of news you want to repeat. You can easily find them on this platform, the idea of three PayPal workers, Jawed Karim, Steve Chen and Chad Hurley in 2005. Here's some history and how to enjoy watching it at any time of the day
The humble beginning
Jawed, Karim and Steve founded YouTube as they worked for PayPal and on Feb 14, 2005, YouTube was launched. Their desire was to share content online and on 23rd April 2005 they launched their first video, "Me at the Zoo". This was when the video upload option was integrated into the YouTube platform. The company operated in an office at a garage. But later, some venture firms, Sequoia and Artis capital venture, invested in YouTube in 2005 and after visible growth in 2006.
2006 saw YouTube's first visible growth. It ranked fifth among the popular websites with over 100 million views daily and with 65000 videos being uploaded daily. It commanded over 60% of the UK online video companies and received well over twenty million views in a month. The company later sold to Google on 13 Nov 2006. By 2007, the internet consumed through it was equal to that consumed by the entire internet in the year 2000.
Further developments
Between the year 2008 and 2013, many changes took place in the YouTube online company. Here are some of the various changes and developments. It supported full-length videos by 2008 while in 2009 registered a domain that supported videos for the US federal government. In 2010, it introduced online rental services for films and redesigned its interphase to a more user-friendly one. This happened till 2011.
By 2012, it brought new channels into its domain. By 2013 it had become the most subscribed channel by user auto-suggestion. 2007 also saw the dawn of internationalization. YouTube did a lot of localization – making interphase that is usable by specific country. This went through to 2107 big breakthrough with Hong Kong, China.
How to enjoy it
YouTube offers a platform that is enjoyable to all. Some of the best things are the capacity to make social connections through the youtubesocial.com. For those interested in statistics of viewership, they can use the YouTube geobest. YouTube synch tube also provides a platform for viewing great video streams with friends, you can call up friends and have a good watch together.
So much can be done with YouTube, from creating GIFs, finding Easter eggs, creating watermarks on videos, using videos for karaoke, sharing videos at specific timelines and uploading large view on its TV view. Further one can download videos for later viewing if they have a YouTube video downloader app installed on their device. This and much more comes with YouTube.…
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An attacker employs forceful browsing to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable through direct URL entry.
Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application.
Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.
The forcibly browseable pages or accessible resources must be discoverable and improperly protected.
A directory listing is helpful but not a requirement. No special resources are required.
Having a directory listing also points to the available pages and resources in the application that may be forcibly browseable.
Using an automated tool, an attacker follows all public links on a web site. He records all the links he finds..
A list of links is created by the attacker.
Using an automated tool, an attacker requests a variety of well-known URLs that correspond to administrative, debugging, or other useful internal actions. He records all the positive responses from the server..
Use a proxy tool to record all links visited during a manual traversal of attempts on well-known URLs.
Monitor errors (e.g., 404 not found) from web servers, application servers, and other HTTP infrastructure (e.g., load balancers). Alert on an unusual number of consecutive failures or total failures from a single host. Potentially alert on many failures from many different hosts, but in a relatively short time window.
Create "honeypot" web pages or scripts that do not actually have any use in the application, and name them common names (e.g., admin.jsp, admin.do, admin.aspx, etc.). Alert when one of these resources is requested.
Actively monitor the application and either deny or redirect requests from origins that appear to be generating an unusual amount of failures.
Obtain a list of sensitive areas that should not be directly accessible (e.g., JSPs or other templates that should only be accessible via front controllers). Apply an external mechanism (rule in the load balancer, rule in the reverse proxy, etc.) to intercept and redirect requests for those resources. Ideally use patterns, not specific page names (e.g., /jsp/* instead of a list of individual JSPs). Regularly update the list that is used in operation.
The attacker discovers one or more unprotected resources.
By visiting the unprotected resource, the attacker makes use of unauthorized functionality..
Access unprotected functions and execute them.
Malformed log entries are a common side-effect of this kind of attack. E.g., "User xyz deleted by on 10/16/07." The "by on" indicates that no authorized user was recorded. (A good entry would say "user xyz deleted by admin on 10/16/07"). Monitoring of log file entries for correct and consistent output format can indicate this kind of attack succeeding.
The attacker discovers and views unprotected sensitive data..
Dynamic pages (JSP, ASP, PHP, etc.) exist that divulge sensitive data without first checking authorization.
Authenticate request to every resource. In addition, every page or resource must ensure that the request it is handling has been made in an authorized context.
Forceful browsing can also be made difficult to a large extent by not hard-coding names of application pages or resources. This way, the attacker cannot figure out, from the application alone, the resources available from the present context.


So your the type that needs a warm cup of something to start the day, thats not unusually but what is unusually is seeing if there are any benefits to drinking that cup of coffee or tea in the morning, should you drink one over the other, well check out this map out, HERE.
It had been a while since I visited web site with such high ability information. Thansk rather a lot for the useful info. I find your site on google and read a some of your other posts. I just added you to my Google News Reader. Keep up the good work Look forward to reading more from you in the future.


Dad went into surgery this morning around 9:30 am to have the port implanted prepping it for chemo tomorrow. He tolerated the procedure well and will be discharged in about 20 minutes.
Post a supportive message for L.R. "Ronnie" McHenry.


text:
Scroll explainer
Scroll explainer: Why are India's new internet rules being called 'Chinese-style censorship'?
The proposed rules would fundamentally alter how the Indian internet works.
Rohan Venkataramakrishnan
Feb 22, 2019 · 07:00 am
Sanjay Kanojia/AFP
Should Twitter be responsible for every post that appears on its platform? Would you be fine with WhatsApp pre-screening every message you send to check whether it contains illegal speech? Should an African app that has suddenly found a huge Indian user base be forced to set up an office in the country? These are some of the questions that arise out of the government's proposed changes to the Intermediary Rules which, if they pass, could alter the very nature of the Indian internet.
The New York Times last week called them "Chinese-style censorship" rules. While not everyone agrees the rules go that far, Indian commentators have also raised concerns about the proposed changes, with Nikhil Pahwa of Medianama describing them as "a serious and imminent threat to the open internet in India".
Indeed, they have been controversial from the get-go. The Indian Express reported in December that officials from the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology met privately with social media companies and members of the tech industry seeking their views on the proposed rules. It was only after the report led to questions about the way in which the government was moving forward that the ministry announced a public consultation process, inviting comments and then counter-comments on the proposed rules. The last date for submitting those was February 14.
But what are these new rules? And why do they matter?
What are intermediaries?
Almost anyone will agree that Facebook is not the same as a newspaper. It does not have an editor and, other than having community guidelines, does not control what people say on its platform. So should Facebook be liable, for example, if someone uses it to spread hate speech or defame someone else?
Lawmakers the world over, including eventually in India, concluded that it did not make sense to have companies such as Facebook face direct liability for what turns up on their platforms. These entities were classified as intermediaries because they facilitated exchange of information between people, without exercising any control on what is said.
By this definition, the term "intermediary" covers a large number of organisations. There are social media firms such as Facebook and WhatsApp but also e-commerce marketplaces where anyone can list a product, domain registrars that allow you to buy the name of a website, internet service providers that enable you to access the internet, and even physical cyber cafes.
Crucially, the rules, under the Information Technology Act of 2008, provide legal immunity – generally called "safe harbour" – to intermediaries for any material travelling through their pipes.
What are the proposed rules and why are they controversial?
Those intermediaries that did not want immunity from liability did not have to bother with the rules under this Act, although that left them open to other provisions in the penal code. For those that wanted safe harbour, however, they had to comply with all the rules laid out.
For example, Section 79 stated that if such entities were informed – by anyone – that certain content on their platforms was "grossly harmful" or "obscene", they had to take it down. In 2015, while also striking down the infamous Section 66A, the Supreme Court wrote down a part of Section 79, ruling that intermediaries would have to take down material only if they were told to do so by a court or a government agency.
The proposed rules go way further, putting a much greater onus on intermediaries to crack down on material that may be considered illegal. Here are the major proposed changes:
Monthly warning: The proposal would require intermediaries to tell their users every month that they need to comply with the rules and regulations. Critics have argued that a monthly notice would lead to fatigue and people would simply start ignoring the warning.
Tracing the originator: Any government agency could ask for assistance from an intermediary and the entity would have to respond within 72 hours. A rule that seems aimed directly at WhatsApp and other services which provide end-to-end encryption and claim their users have fully private conversations would require the intermediary to enable the "tracing out of originator". They would essentially have to ensure the government can find out who first sent a message, effectively meaning encryption would not be allowed.
Keeping your data: Companies are already required to keep data for a period of 90 days if a government agency asks for it. The new rules state the data has to be held for 180 days and that a request from any government agency, which could mean any entity from the home ministry to a panchayat, can ask a platform to hold it indefinitely. And users do not have to be informed.
Proactive censorship: The proposed rules want intermediaries to "deploy technology-based automated tools or appropriate mechanisms, with appropriate controls, for proactively identifying and removing or disabling public access to unlawful information or content". In other words, the government wants these platforms to use artificial intelligence to crack down on what it considers illegal speech, with no clear checks on how this process would actually work.
Indian or foreign: The proposal requires any foreign intermediary with over 50 lakh users to incorporate a local company and set up a registered office in India, with all the legal expenses that would entail. It does not explain how the 50 lakh user number was arrived at or how it would be evaluated.
What necessitated the proposed changes?
For sometime now, the Indian government has been wondering what to do about WhatsApp, a messaging service it blames for spreading fake news which in the past has led to violence, even though researchers have suggested focusing on the platform may be a misguided approach. In many ways, the proposed rules solve all the problems India has with WhatsApp. If they become official, they would force the messaging service to end encryption and allow the government to seek information about anyone's messages.
But, naturally, tinkering with the Intermediary Rules will have an impact across the spectrum. So the government seems to have taken the opportunity to make wholesale changes to how India's internet works. The thrust of the move comes from the growing impulse, across India's internet policies and regulations, that the country needs to be more assertive in forcing data to be kept within its borders and made easily accessible to law enforcement agencies.
These rules then indicate the government's intention to oversee an Indian internet that is closer to the Chinese model, where companies are likely to pre-censor content, and where the government can ask for any information it wishes for.
The final date for submitting counter-comments on the proposed rules was February 14, and the ministry is likely to make those public soon. The consultation process has led to a large number of interesting critiques of the proposed rules and the debate is unlikely to go away anytime soon. Among the key questions is whether such massive changes can be introduced by simply altering rules – in lieu of amending the Act in Parliament – and whether it is proper for such significant changes to be made right before a general election.
It is likely that the government will indicate in the coming weeks whether it intends to notify the rules or carry forward the conversation about what the Indian internet should look like.
What else should I read?
Three experts on IT Act panel say they were not consulted on new rules for snooping on content.
With new rules to snoop on online content, India is moving towards the Chinese model of surveillance.
Why e-cigarette users are fuming over the Indian government's proposed changes to the IT Act.
India wants WhatsApp to break encryption and trace inflammatory messages. Should it?
India's plans for tighter control over the internet have found support from Reliance Jio.
The 'Purdah' amendment: Proposed changes to the IT Act could draw a veil over the Indian internet.
Intermediary Rules
Why the return of a communist prime minister in Nepal has raised concern in Delhi


The co-domain is the new domain extension that offers you more choice in branding your online presence with a truly global, recognizable, and credible domain name. It is the online space where people can fulfill their dreams and the world's next great enterprises will have a home.
These days, branding your online presence is more important than ever before. Whether you run a start-up in your basement, a personal blog in your spare time or a multi-billion-dollar corporation – you need a credible domain name that tells people who you are and what you're all about.
Associated globally with the words "COmpany," "COrporation" and "COmmerce" – the co-domains domain is easy to recognize, simple to remember and flexible to use. And that makes it the perfect platform for today's socially networked individuals and entrepreneurs to create communities, share content, and to connect, communicate and collaborate online.
If you have not been successfull at .com, you take a co-domain.
With new liberalized policies in place, the Sunrise Process allows trademark holders to apply for the co-domains domain names corresponding with their trademarks before the registration of domain names under the co-domains TLD is open to the public at large. With industry-leading technology, enhanced security and unprecedented rights protection mechanisms – co-domains is poised to become the world's next premier web address.


text:
Mnangagwa Vows to "Flush Out" Opposition
August 5, 2020 August 5, 2020 Vincent Ferdinand Africa, Africa Freelancing Global Gigs, Global World, News Article, Zimbabwe
Attempts by "a few rogue Zimbabweans" to destabilise the country in "league with foreign detractors" would be overcome, said Mnangagwa.
Security agents were heavily deployed in the capital, Harare, and other major cities to stop a protest, which was scheduled for July 31.
"We are at a tipping point, something is going to give," opposition leader Tendai Biti said.
The president of Zimbabwe, Emmerson Mnangagwa, has today vowed to deal with the opposition by "flushing" them out. A visibly angered Mnangagwa has described the main opposition party as "terrorist," and vowed to continue cracking down on his opponents.
Emmerson Mnangagwa (born 15 September 1942) is a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who serves as the third and current President of Zimbabwe since 24 November 2017. A member of ZANU–PF and a longtime ally of former President Robert Mugabe, he held a series of Cabinet portfolios and was Vice-President of Zimbabwe under Mugabe until November 2017, when he was dismissed before coming to power in a coup d'état.
In Zimbabwe, several opposition members and government critics have in the past few days been arrested and a number of human rights protection organizations have accused security forces of illegally kidnapping some of them.
The Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights organization, for instance, has said that it has represented more than 20 people detained by the nation's authorities since July 31, when the military and police stopped an anti-government protest.
Today's verbal attack on the opposition by Mnangagwa was a harsh one, with the president going bare knuckles in a speech on state television, in which he has also described the oppositions as "bad apples" that should be "overcome," and said the arrests will continue.
"Those who promote hate and disharmony will never win. The bad apples that have attempted to divide our people and to weaken our systems will be flushed out. Good shall triumph over evil."
Mnangagwa retorted during a live television address in a speech strategically delivered at a time when their is a lot of pressure against his administration over allegations of human rights violations. The hashtag #Zimbabweanlivesmatter has been used in social media to draw attention to the wave of arrests in the country.
Security agents were heavily deployed in the capital, Harare, and other major cities to stop a protest, which was scheduled for July 31, but was thwarted by the security apparatus. Some people who tweeted in support of the demonstrations or who tried to organize low-profile events were arrested, and others were attacked and tortured, according to human rights groups.
Zimbabwe is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. The capital and largest city is Harare.
Tendai Biti, spokesman for the main opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) Alliance, reported that the situation had become "unsustainable." He condemned the government for narrowing the democracy space and the massive corruption in the system. "We are at a tipping point, something is going to give," Biti told AFP, warning that another military coup could be "around the corner."
Zimbabwe, located in the South of the African continent, is rich in resources such as the mines of diamonds, gold, coal, iron, copper, platinum and other groups of metals. Years of maladministration and corruption have led to ongoing looting of these resources, which has greatly impoverished local communities.
The country's former president, the late Robert Mugabe, in office since December 31, 1987, was notorious for violently repressing the opposition and manipulating the elections. Mugabe was forced out of office on 21 November 2017 by the army, which confined Mugabe to his home, then took control of the state television and prevented access to government buildings.
He was succeeded by his former Vice President, Mnangawa, who, many Zimbabweans hoped he would be a savior. Currently, however, an opinion by many in the poor sub-Saharan African country is that he is equally bad, if not worse than his predecessor, Mugabe. That's going by the current state of the country, which is in an apparent serious social and economic situation.
Communal News Emmerson Mnangagwa Robert Mugabe Tendai Biti Terrorists Zimbabwe Zimbabwean Lives Matter
Vincent Ferdinand
News reporting is my thing. My view of what is happening in our world is colored by my love of history and how the past influences events taking place in the present time. I like reading politics and writing articles. It was said by Geoffrey C. Ward, "Journalism is merely history's first draft." Everyone who writes about what is happening today is indeed, writing a small part of our history.
Freelance Gigs in Pakistan – Very Robust in a Dreadful Situation
How Has Coronavirus Changed Many Types of Events in 2020 Such as Weddings?


The world of vehicle model popularity ebbs and flows just like any other industry, however there is something undeniably special about classic cars and restoration work. Often a project, car restoration is a rewarding process that brings an old faithful garage car back to its original glory.
To complete a restoration project though, multiple new parts, exterior auto body parts, paint jobs etc. are needed. Here at Lambs Auto Body LLC we excel in providing for all your car needs, and that include classic cars! Look no further than our garage for help to complete your restoration project.


text:
Why are Japanese people so susceptible to international romance scams? expert interview
December 6, 2022 rehow
White Bear Co., Ltd.
Why am I being deceived by scammers I have never met?
White Bear Co., Ltd. (Headquarters: Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, CEO Hidenori Yokoo), which operates the Internet fraud information media "Internet fraud SOS", published an interview article with an expert familiar with international romance fraud in December 2022. .
[Expert Interview] International Romance Scam Tricks, Features, and Cases URL: https://netsagi-sos.com/romance-scam-interview/
■ What is International Romance Scam?
International romance scams are foreign scammers or Japanese scammers masquerading as foreigners who cleverly approach them via SNS, matching apps, dating sites, etc. on the Internet, and make them feel romantic. It is a special scam that uses it to remit money.
■ Rapidly increasing international romance scams
From around 2018, cases of international romance fraud began to be reported in Japan, and since then, the number of victims has increased significantly.
[Source]: Romance investment scams are on the rise! |National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan
https://www.kokusen.go.jp/news/data/n-20220303_2.html
In addition, international romance scams are not only targeted at Japanese people, but are special scams that are increasing in damage worldwide. According to a report from the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the United States will lose $547 million in 2021.
[Source]: Reports of romance scams|FTC
https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/data-visualizations/data-spotlight/2022/02/reports-romance-scams-hit-record-highs-2021 It is important to know about international romance scams in order not to get caught
Recently, news reports and police/local government websites have been distributing information that calls attention to international romance scams, but the number of victims continues to increase.
In order to prevent romance fraud damage, I think it is important for more people to know about fraud methods and the actual situation and examples of damage.
■Expert interview: [Mr.
A sister's Twitter icon to alert international romance scams Therefore, the Internet fraud SOS editorial department interviewed an expert "Nee-san" who works to raise awareness of international romance scams on SNS for the purpose of making the actual situation of international romance scams widely known.
Since she herself was deceived by an international romance scammer, she is an expert who collects fraud information from SNS, raises awareness, and supports deceived victims. .
It is an interview article full of interesting content that you can understand the current situation of international romance scams, so please read it.
◎Interview content
What triggered the alert for romance scams?
Encounter with Fraudster Frank
Activities to alert romance scams
Clever Romance Scam Techniques
nationality of the scammer
What is the average cost of romance scams?
Why are Japanese people so easy to get hooked on?
Why am I deceived by someone I've never met
Scammer claiming to be a Ukrainian soldier/doctor
Consultation from the daughter of a fraud victim
To avoid being scammed
■ Interview article (partial excerpt)
Property Agent Co., Ltd. Our subsidiary DXYZ's face recognition platform service "FreeiD" and Mitsubishi Estate's comprehensive smart home service "HOMETACT" start cooperation
To you who aim to become a first-class civil engineering construction management engineer! "1st Grade Civil Engineering Construction Management Technology Test 1st Test 2023 Edition" is now available!
Shufunotomo Co., Ltd. Commemorating the release of "Children's picture book Ghibli dining table My Neighbor To toro". Held a "Recipe Posting Campaign"
Shufunotomo Co., Ltd. Commemorating the release of "Children's Picture Book Ghibli's Dining Table My Neighbor…
First in Japan "Ending Tech Chaos Map 2022 Edition" released
andforus Co., Ltd. [First in Japan] "Ending Tech Chaos Map 2022 Edition" released List of…
LAND Co., Ltd. Youplus one-man live tour "Innocent World" Tokyo/Osaka additional performances decided in February! In addition, the 2nd single "Innocence", which recorded 9th place on the Oricon daily chart, will be digitally distributed on Februar
LAND Co., Ltd. Youplus One-Man Live Tour "Innocent World" Additional performances in Tokyo and Osaka…


"Dirk´s Free Football Manager" is an offline football manager game. The game simulates the top three leagues in English and German football. Amongst these there are both the financial aspects like sponsoring, contracts with players and extending the stadium, and the sports aspects like planning, forming and training the squad.


It's just too bad, and don't get me wrong I love NojiKen, but I'd have loved hearing You-kyan as Tomoya in this as well.
Also i'm not saying that it wasn';t sad, but the ending was so great. But I figure the series will fail at covering it all, or it will be too rushed, and i know how that sounds, since i'm saying how well it was covered in the movie, which only ran 93 mins, but to slowly cover something, and then rush it at the end, is completely different, ne?


Shop kitchen countertops at IKEA. Choose from butcher block. HÄLLESTAD countertop, double-sided, white, aluminum effect with metal effect edge .
Cut the laminates upside down if you are using a circular saw. You'll get less tearout. Thanks to those who.
Last week, we fabricated and installed some new butcherblock countertops for our customers up in Bellingham.
In addition to the cost of the primary material, the installation of stainless steel countertops requires payment for supplies such as metal fasteners, adhesives, .
Kitchen Trend Alert Stainless Steel Countertops Ikea published on decoration. which is part of the decoration collection. It's full resolution is 400×400 Pixels.
Related Post "Stainless Steel Countertops Ikea"


Home » News Feed » Bangkok Area Event » 808 Festival Bangkok 2018 Phase I DJ's!
808 Festival Bangkok 2018 Phase I DJ's have been announced!
As you probably know by now, Armin van Buuren is bringing ASOT (A State of Trance) 850 to Thailand! This was announced a few months ago and is a great reason to be buzzing about this years 808 Festival!
This years 2 – day electronic music festival will take place at Live Park Rama 9 in Bangkok, Thailand. As in years past this years 808 Festival will be in December on the 8th and 9th.
Tickets are on sale now! As expected this is a very hot ticket and you should not wait too long to purchase if you intend on going. Tickets are being sold in tiers with each new tier of tickets costing more than the last.
Follow Thailand DJ Festivals on Facebook for information on the BEST upcoming DJ Festivals!
← Warp Music Festival Pattaya 2018 Phase 1 DJ's!


text:
'use strict';

var exports = module.exports = {};

var _ = require('underscore');
var Q = require('q');
var db = require('../db');

var bookshelf = db.bookshelf;

// Base model
var Base = bookshelf.Model.extend({

  idAttribute: 'ID',

  patch: function(attrs) {
    if (!attrs) attrs = {};
    return this.save(attrs, {patch: true});
  },

  destroy: function() {
    throw new Error('model.destroy() is not valid, use model.del() instead');
  },

  del: function() {
    return this.patch({Deleted: new Date()});
  },

});

exports.model = bookshelf.model('Base', Base);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Starting your blog on a free blogging web site is a great way to build a following before you spend any money on your blog. If and when your blog becomes popular and you are ready to take the next step and purchase your own domain, your readers will follow you to your new home. The fact that it is possible to use a free blog host like blogspost, blogger, or eponym as a kind of incubator for your blog is great news for bloggers everywhere.
By signing up with a free blogging web site, you may find it easier to get listed in search engines that you would if you were starting your own blog from scratch. For example, google runs the free blog hosting site blogspot and crawls its pages very often looking for updates, so if you have your site hosted by blogspot you are almost guaranteed to be listed on google's blog search engine. This easy access to search engines can take some of the work out of promoting your blog, and can help you gain a following with a minimum of affiliate marketing effort.
If your blog attracts a large readership, you may want to consider moving your site. Many people feel that being hosted by a free blogging web site gives a blog a kind of amateur flavor that is fine for a new member of the blogosphere, but is not appropriate for a high-profile blog. Having your own domain can help you make your blog feel professional, and finding a company that will host your domain is not difficult or expensive. Once your blog takes off, you will probably be able to sell enough advertising space to be able to afford to buy a domain and pay for a hosting package, and still have money left over. However, it does not make sense in most cases to invest in these glossy luxuries before you have a sizable readership (Click here for some interesting facts).
For first time bloggers, a free blogging web site is a great way to get started in the blogosphere. Popular blogging web sites like blogger, eponym and wordpress allow users to set up and host a blog without paying any fees at all. This encourages people to start blogging, because the fact that one of these sites can provide you with all of the tools that you need to get your blog up and running without spending any money means that you have nothing to lose by starting a blog. The fact that it is so easy to find a way to blog for free is one of the reasons why so many people who have never had any other kind of web presence before find themselves drawn to blogging.


text:
Death by sawing is the act of sawing or cutting a living person in half, either sagittally (usually midsagittally), or transversely. Death by sawing was a method of execution reportedly used in different parts of the world.

Methods
Different methods of death by sawing have been recorded. In cases related to the Roman Emperor Caligula, the sawing is said to be through the middle (transversely). In the cases of Morocco, it is stated that the sawing was lengthwise, both from the groin upwards and from the skull downwards (midsagittally).

In only one case, the story about Simon the Zealot, the person is explicitly described as being hung upside-down and sawn apart vertically through the middle, starting at the groin, with no mention of fastenings or support boards around the person, in the manner depicted in illustrations. In other cases where details about the method beyond the mere sawing act are explicitly supplied, the condemned person was apparently fastened to either one or two boards prior to sawing.

Ancient history and classical antiquity

Ancient Persia
The legend of Jamshid
Jamshid was a legendary shah of Persia, whose story is told in the Shahnameh by Ferdowsi. After 300 years of blessed reign, Jamshid forgot the blessings came from God, and began demanding that he be revered as a god himself. The people rebelled, and Zahhak had him sawn asunder.
 Parysatis
Parysatis, wife and half-sister of Darius II (r. 423–405 BC) was the real power behind the throne of the Achaemenid Empire; she instigated and became involved in a number of court intrigues, made several enemies, yet had an uncanny knack for dispatching them at an opportune time. At one point, she decided to have the siblings of her daughter-in-law Stateira killed, and only relented from killing Stateira as well due to the desperate pleas of her son, Artaxerxes II. Stateira's sister Roxana was the first of her siblings to be killed, by being sawn in half. When Darius II died, Parysatis moved quickly, and was able to have the new queen Stateira poisoned; Parysatis still remained a power to be reckoned with for years after.
Hormizd IV
Hormizd IV (), son of Khosrow I, was the twenty-first King of Persia from AD 579 to 590. He was deeply resented by the nobility due to his cruelties. In 590, a palace coup was staged in which his son, Khosrow II, was declared king. Hormizd was forced to watch his wife and one of his sons sawn in two, and the deposed king was then blinded. After a few days, the new king is said to have killed his father in a fit of rage.

Thracians
Thracians were regarded as warlike, ferocious, and bloodthirsty by Romans and Greeks. One of the most notorious was the king Diegylis, possibly only topped by his son Ziselmius. According to Diodorus Siculus, Ziselmius sawed several people to death and commanded their families to eat the flesh of their murdered relatives. The Thracians eventually rebelled, captured him and sought to inflict every conceivable torture upon him prior to his death.

Ancient Rome
The Twelve Tables
Promulgated about 451 BC, the Twelve Tables is the oldest extant law code for the Romans. Aulus Gellius, whose work "Attic Nights" is partially preserved, states that death by the saw was mentioned for some offenses in the tables, but that the use of which was so infrequent that no one could remember ever having seen it done. Of the retained laws in the Twelve Tables, the following concerning how creditors should proceed with debtors is found in Table 3, article 6: "On the third market-day they [the creditors] shall cut pieces. If they shall have cut more or less [than their shares], it shall be with impunity." The translator notes the ambiguity of the original text, but says that later Roman writers understood this to mean that creditors were allowed to cut their shares from the body of the debtor. If true, that would constitute dismemberment, rather than sawing.
Caligula
This method of execution was uncommon throughout the time of the Roman Empire. However, it was used extensively during the reign of Caligula when the condemned, including members of his own family, were sawn across the torso rather than lengthwise down the body. It is said that Caligula would watch such executions while he ate, stating that witnessing the suffering acted as an appetiser.
The Kitos War
The Kitos War occurred 115–117 AD, and was a rebellion by the Jews within the Roman Empire. Major revolts happened several places, and the main source by Cassius Dio claims that in Cyrene, 220,000 Greeks were massacred by the Jews; in Cyprus, 240,000. Dio adds that many of the victims were sawn asunder, and that the Jews licked up the blood of the slain, and "twisted the entrails like a girdle about their bodies".
Valens
In 365 AD, Procopius declared himself emperor, and moved against Valens. He was defeated in battle, and due to the treachery of his two generals Agilonius and Gomoarius (they had been promised they would be "shown favour" by Valens), he was captured. In 366, he was fastened to two trees bent down with force; when the trees were released, Procopius was ripped apart in the manner of the legendary execution of the bandit Sinis. The "favour" Valens showed to Agilonius and Gomoarius was to have them both sawn asunder.

Jewish tradition
Death of Isaiah
The prophet Isaiah was, according to some traditional rabbinic texts, sawn apart on orders of King Manasseh of Judah. One tradition states that he was put within a tree, and then sawn apart; another says he was sawn apart by means of a wooden saw.

Christian martyrs
Simon the Zealot

Several early Christians are credited with being martyred by means of a saw. The earliest, and most famous, is the obscure apostle of Jesus, Simon the Zealot. He is said to have been martyred in Persia, and that the express mode by which he was executed was to be hanged up by the feet, as in the woodcut illustration.
Conus and his son

According to the Acta Sanctorum, after his wife's death in the age of Domitian, Conus went with his 7-year-old son into a desert. He destroyed several pagan idols in Cogni, Asia Minor (Anatolia). When caught, he and his son were tortured by starvation and fire, and were finally put to the saw, praying while they died.
Symphorosa and her seven sons

According to the 16th-century Foxe's Book of Martyrs, Symphorosa was a widow with seven sons living in the age of emperor Trajan (98-117) or Hadrian (117–138). Refusing a command to pray at a heathen temple, Symphorosa was scourged, and then thrown in the river Aniene with a large stone fastened to her. The six eldest sons were all killed by stab wounds, and the youngest, Eugenius, was sawn apart.

The 38 monks and martyrs on Mount Sinai

According to the Martyrologium Romanum, during the reign of Diocletian "wild barbarians" decided to rob a community of monks living at Mount Sinai. There was nothing of material wealth there, and in their rage, the Arabs slaughtered them all, several by flaying, others by sawing them with dull saws.
St. Tarbula

Accused of practising witchcraft and causing the sickness of the wife of the ardently anti-Christian Persian king Shapur II, Tarbula was condemned and executed by being sawn in half in the year 345.

Africa

Egypt
The monk from Montepulciano
In the 1630s, there are several reports from the Levant and Egypt that monks were killed. One of them, Brother Conrad d'Elis Barthelemy, a native of Montepulciano is said to have been sawn in two, from the head downwards.
 The renegade Coptic governor
Writing in 1843, William Holt Yates speaks of a governor under Muhammad Ali (r.1801–49), Abd-ur-Rahman Bey, who was said to be particularly cruel and avaricious. He was a renegade Copt, and abused his position to gain hold of wealth. He is even credited with having sawn people in two. Yates further supplies the detail: "This fellow has since been assassinated-report says, with sanction and approval of the Government"

Morocco
1705 The sawing of Alcaide Melec
One of the most notorious cases of sawing as execution is that of the Alcaide (castellan/governor) Melec under Sultan Moulay Ishmael (r. 1672–1727). The fullest description of this execution is found in Dominique Busnot's 1714 work Histoire du règne de Mouley Ismael, although a brief notice of the event can be found in the January 1706 edition of Present state of Europe. In the following, the tale as told by Busnot will be given.

Melec was judged as the chief rebel to be punished in a rebellion instigated by one of the Sultan's sons, Mulay Muhammad. In particular, according to Busnot, the Sultaness was incensed that Melec had personally beheaded one of her cousins, Ali Bouchasra. In September/October 1705, Mulay Ismail sent for his chief carpenter and asked if his saws were capable of sawing a man in two. The carpenter answered "Sure enough". He was then given the grisly task, and before he left, he asked him whether Melec should be sawn across or along the length. The emperor said the sawing should proceed lengthwise, from the head downwards. He told, however, Boachasra's sons, they should follow the carpenter and decide for themselves how best to take revenge upon the murderer (i.e., Melec) of their father. Taking with him 8 of the public executioner's assistants, the master carpenter went to the prison where Melec was held, two of his brand new saws packed in cloth, in order to keep from Melec information of the intended manner of execution. Melec was now placed on a mule, bound with an iron chain, and led to the public square, where some 4000 of his relatives and members of his tribe were assembled. These made a "terrifying" spectacle through screaming, and clawing their faces in a public display of grief. Melec, on the other hand, seemed unperturbed, calmly smoking from his tobacco pipe. When taken down from the mule, Melec's clothes were removed, damning letters "proving" his treason was cast in the fire.

Then, he was strapped onto a board, and placed upon a saw-bench, his arms and legs fastened. The executioner's team then sought to start by sawing him from the head downwards, but Boucasra's sons intervened, and demanded that one began between Melec's legs instead, because otherwise, he would die too quickly. Under the terrible screams of Melec and his relatives, thus began his execution. Once they had sawn him up to the navel, they pulled out the saw in order to commence from the other side. Melec is said to have been still conscious, asking for some water. His friends, though, thought it best to hasten his demise and shorten his sufferings, and the executioners went on, sawing him from skull to navel so he fell apart. In the process, chunks of flesh were ripped out by the saw's teeth, causing blood to splatter everywhere, thus making the execution quite unbearable to watch.

Around 300 other conspirators were impaled alive, and another report states that in addition to these, some other 20 chief conspirators had their arms and legs sawn off, and left to expire in the marketplace.
1721 The sawing of Larbe Shott
19 July 1721, a noble descended from the Andalusian Moors, Larbe Shott was put to the saw. He had spent considerable time at Gibraltar, and one of the crimes imputed to him was to have spent time in Christian kingdoms without his emperor's leave. Furthermore, he had been found guilty of defiling himself with Christian women, and often drunk alcohol. In short, he was charged as an apostate and unbeliever, in addition to being charged with having invited the "Spaniards" to invade Barbary (i.e., treason). They brought him to one of the gates in the city, fastened him between two boards, and sawed him in two, from the skull downwards. After his death, Mulay Ishmael pardoned him, so that his body could be picked up and given a decent burial at least, instead of being eaten by the dogs.

Americas
Swiss sawing
In 1757, a French officer was executed by his men in a mutiny on Cat Island in current-day Mississippi. Three of the mutineers were eventually captured and brought to New Orleans for trial. After conviction, two of the mutineers died on the French wheel. The last mutineer, a Swiss from the Karrer regiment, was allegedly, nailed into a coffin-shaped wooden box, and it was sawn in two with a cross-cut saw. This claim of a Swiss being sawn in two was first made by the French captain and traveller Jean Bernard Bossu in his 1768 Nouveaux Voyages aux Indes Occidentales, translated into English by Johann Reinhold Forster in 1771.

Commenting on Bossu's general reliability in a footnote to his essay A Map within an Indian Painting?, jurist Morris S. Arnold says the following: "Bossu's books contain a lot of tall tales, so one needs to be cautious about relying on him". Bossu claims that being "sawed asunder" was a traditional Swiss military punishment, and alleges that one Swiss mutineer actually committed suicide to avoid that punishment. Therefore, the one who was allegedly sawn in half had his punishment as governed by Swiss military law, rather than French. An incident from 1741 (in Louisbourg, Canada) shows that at that time, when two Frenchmen and a Swiss were executed, Swiss mercenary troops had been placed under French military law, rather than under Swiss. Furthermore, detailing the recorded executions in the Swiss Canton of Zürich through the 15th-18th century, Gerold Meyer von Knonau records 1445 executions in total, none of them being through death by sawing.
Haitian revolution
In August 1791, a great slave revolt broke out at Saint-Domingue, eventually leading to Haitian independence. In the process, some 4,000 white planters and their family members were massacred. One of the victims was a carpenter by trade, Robert. The rebels decided he "should die in the way of his occupation" and accordingly fastened him between two boards and sawed him apart.

Asia

Levant
An episode from the Crusades
In 1123, Joscelin de Courtenay and Baldwin II were separately ambushed and surprised by a Turkish emir, Balac, and made prisoners at the castle at Quartapiert. Some 50 Armenians, bound by oath to Joscelin as Count of Edessa, decided to free their liege lord as well as Baldwin II. Dressed as monks and pedlars, they gained entry in the town where the two nobles were held captive, and managed, through massacre, to take control of the castle. Joscelin slipped out in order to raise a force, while Baldwin II and his nephew Galeran remained behind to hold the castle. Apprised of the capture of the castle, Balac sent quickly a force to recapture it, and Baldwin II saw no possibility of holding it. Graciously, Balac took Baldwin and his nephew merely prisoners. Not so merciful was he towards the Armenians: Several of them were flayed, others buried up to the neck and used as target practice, the rest were sawn apart.
The Assassins
The Assassins, a misnomer for the Nizari, an Ismaili sect, had an independent kingdom in the Levant during the age of the Crusades, and were feared and loathed by Muslims and Christians alike. The Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela, travelling the region around 1157 notes that the Assassins were reputed to saw in two the kings of other peoples, if they managed to capture them.

Ottoman Empire
A number of accounts exist where the Ottomans are said to have sawn persons in two, most of them said to occur in Mehmed the Conqueror's reign (1451–81).
1453 conquest of Constantinople
A number of cruel excesses against the populace of Constantinople is said to have happened in the wake of the taking of the city. according to one rendering of the tale:
1460 Capture of Mystras
After the last Despot of Morea, Demetrios Palaiologos in 1460 switched allegiance to the Turks and gave them entry to Mystras, a tale grew up that the actual castellan at the castle of Mystras was ordered sawn in two. This tale was "well known" in later centuries, whatever actual veracity.
1460 Michael Szilágyi
In 1460, the Hungarian general Michael Szilágyi was seized by the Turks, and since he was regarded as a traitor and spy, he was sawn in half at Constantinople.
 1460-64 campaigns and slaughter in the Morea
In the following years, inhabitants in Greece under the Venetians fought several battles in the Morea. In 1464, for example, a small city is said to have been subdued, and 500 prisoners sent to Constantinople. There, they were put to the saw, according to one account.
1463 conquest of Mytilene, Lesbos
The Knights Hospitallers, then stationed at Rhodes, sent several knights to aid in the defence of Mytilene from the Turks. They eventually surrendered, under promise of having their lives spared. Instead, according to some reports, they were sawn asunder. According to Kenneth Meyer Setton, the sultan had actually promised to spare the heads of some 400 knights, and sawed them in half to keep his oath of not harming the heads.
1469/1470 conquest of Negroponte
The Triarchy of Negroponte, a Crusader state or Stato da Màr under control of the Republic of Venice, was extinguished by the capture of the city in 1469/1470, and the governor Paolo Erizzo, is said to treacherously to have been ordered sawn in two, after have being promised his life would be spared. The sultan, Mehmed the Conqueror, is said to have cut off the head of Erizzo's daughter by his own hands, because she would not yield to his desires.
1473 the arsonist at Gallipoli
In 1473, a Sicilian called Anthony, is said to have managed set fire to the sultan's ships at the Sanjak of Gelibolu, Gallipoli. After being captured at Negroponte, he was brought before the sultan who asked him what harm had been done to him that he performed such an evil deed? The young man answered that he simply wanted to harm the enemy of Christianity in some glorious way. The sultan is said to have ordered that Anthony should be sawn in two.
1480 invasion of Otranto
In 1480, the Ottomans, led by Gedik Ahmed Pasha, invaded mainland Italy, occupying Otranto. A general massacre, of disputed magnitude, occurred. Archbishop Stefano Pendinelli was, by some reports, ordered to be sawn in half.
1611 revolt of Dionysius the Philosopher
Dionysius the Philosopher led an eventually unsuccessful revolt against the Ottomans, seeking to establish a power base at Ioannina. Dionysius was flayed alive, and his skin, stuffed with straw, was sent as a present to the sultan, Ahmed I, at Constantinople. The other principal conspirators were said to be punished in various ways, some were burnt alive, others impaled, and yet others sawn asunder.
The mythologized death of Rhigas, the protomartyr of Greek independence
Rigas Feraios (1760–98), was an early Greek patriot, whose struggle for independence of Greece preceded with about 30 years the general uprising known as the Greek War of Independence. His actual manner of death has garnered many tales; Encyclopædia Britannica 1911, for example, states that he was shot in the back. Yet others state that he was strangled. Some 19th century stories report that he was sawn in two. Finally, one source asserts he was beheaded.

Mughal Empire

The Sikh Bhai Mati Das, a follower of the 9th guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur was in 1675 AD ordered executed by emperor Aurangzeb, along with several other prominent Sikhs, including their Guru, because the Guru was resisting the forceful conversion of Kashmiri Pandits into Islam. Bhai Mati Das was sawn in half, the others in different manners.

Burma
Several reports state that even in the 1820s, sawing criminals in two was an occasional punishment in Burma for "certain offences". The criminals were fastened between two planks prior to the sawing. However, this might possibly have been conflated by reports of disembowelment, for which eyewitness reports exist.

The Burmese general Maha Bandula is said to have had one of his high-ranking officers sawn in two, due to some act of disobedience, the person being fastened between two planks for that purpose.

Vietnam
Martyrdom of Augustin Huy
On occasion, a confusion of reports may exist where, for example, performed post-mortem indignities are misinterpreted as the actual manner of execution:

In 1839, the governor of Vietnam's Nam Định Province summoned five hundred soldiers to a banquet to pressure them into trampling upon a cross in renunciation of Christianity. Most of the guests complied, but three Catholic soldiers refused. One of the Vietnamese Martyrs, Augustin Huy, is reported by some sources to have been sawn in two. Others report that he was hacked to death, or cut in two. But, a letter from 1839, just three weeks after the execution 12 June, states that he was beheaded:

Imperial China
Technique
The movement of a saw may cause a body to sway back and forth making the process difficult for the executioners. The Chinese overcame this problem by securing the victim in an upright position between two boards firmly fixed between stakes driven deep into the ground. Two executioners, one at each end of the saw, would saw downwards through the stabilized boards and enclosed victim. Whether sawing as an execution method actually existed, or that cases referred to are garbled accounts of the "slow slicing" method of execution will remain an open question.
Tang dynasty
The emperor Zhaozong of Tang (r. 888–904) is said to have commanded one of his prisoners sawn asunder.
Qing dynasty
When the last emperor of the Ming dynasty committed suicide in 1644, the new emperor had one of the previous regime's strongest supporters, Chen, said to be viceroy of Canton, sawn in two. However, growing in popularity in his martyrdom, the new regime condemned the execution of Chen, declared him to have been a holy man, and erected a pagoda in Canton for his memory.

Cambodia
Khmer Rouge
Sawing a person in half vertically was one of many execution method used by the Khmer Rouge on infamous Tuol Sleng prison and killing fields. Guards tied turned up bodies on trees or special poles to saw the Chams, vietnamese, captured foreigners or suspected crades in half. The sawn remains and organs were either left on display to decorate the trees, power poles and buildings tied or impaled on Meat hook or had their organs consumed inside a wine cup.

Europe

Spain
Morisco revolt
In the aftermath of the destruction of the last Islamic kingdom in Spain, Granada in 1492, the Moriscoes, the descendants of Muslims and those who still were, in secret, adherents of Islam, felt increasingly persecuted. In 1568, the Morisco revolt broke out, under leadership of Aben Humeya. The crushing of the revolt was extremely bloody, and at Almería 1569, the historian Luis del Marmol Carvajal states that one Morisco was sawn apart alive.
La Mancha rebellion

In the Spanish rebellion of 1808 against the occupying French forces, reports exist that some French officers were sawn in two. In one of those reports, it is colonel Rene (or Frene) who met this fate. In another report, Rene was merely thrown into a kettle of boiling water, whereas the officers Caynier and Vaugien were the ones sawn in two.

Russia
1812 the Grande Armée
After the Fire of Moscow in September 1812, the French Grande Armée had not exactly endeared itself to the local population. The peasant population is said to have become embittered, fanaticized, and even developed an effective guerrilla. In addition, the "wild Cossacks" lurked about, and both groups of Russians could be a deadly enemy to solitary French soldiers. Some of those unfortunates are said to have been sawn apart.

Hungary
1848 Revolution
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was a bitter struggle where atrocities were committed against others of different ethnicities and of different religious persuasions. A decidedly partisan pamphlet from 1850, Ungarns gutes recht (The well-founded right of Hungary) from 1850, states that in the struggles around Banat, some 4,000 Serbians, spurred on by the preaching of the Metropolitan of Karlovci, Josif Rajačić, committed heinous deeds against the Hungarians. Women, children and old men were mutilated, roasted over slow fires, some sawn apart.

Cultural references

Tortures in Hell
Hindu mythology
In Hindu lore, Yama is the god of death. He determines the punishments to those who were wicked in life. Those guilty of robbing a Brahmin, are to be sawn apart while being in Naraka (Hell).
Chinese mythology
Sawing people asunder is one of the punishments said to occur in Buddhist Hell, and the priests knew how to make a visible spectacle of sufferings in the beyond, by commissioning artists to make paintings the populace were meant to see and reflect upon:

Segare la vecchia
In Italy and Spain, a curious tradition of "segare la vecchia" ("sawing the old woman") was upheld on Laetare Sunday (Mid-Lent Sunday) in hamlets and towns, well into the 19th century. The custom consisted of the boys running about to find the "oldest woman in the village", and then make a wooden effigy in her likeness. Then, the wooden figure was sawn across the middle. The folklorist Jacob Grimm regards this as an odd spring ritual, in which the "old year"/winter is symbolically defeated. He also notes that a rather similar custom existed in his day among Southern Slavs.

References

Bibliography

 Web resources

Torture
Sawing

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Nailed Back On Track
The story of George Mallory, an explorer obsessed with becoming the first climber to reach the top of Mount Everest, as told through letters to his wife, previously unseen photos, and film from 1924 as well as from the 1999 expedition that discovered Mallory's body on Everest.
Production of indie comedy "Nailed," starring Jake Gyllenhaal and Jessica Biel, has resumed in South Carolina after being shut down Friday by the Screen Actors Guild in a pay dispute.
SAG told its members not work Friday due to a lack of funds in accounts designated to pay actors for "Nailed," directed by David O. Russell.
Kara Borie, a spokeswoman for the film confirmed Monday that shooting had resumed.
The film's being financed by David Bergstein's Capitol Films. Shooting started in mid-April in Columbia, S.C., and is due to conclude in the middle of June.
'Nailed' is centered on a woman from a small town who goes on a crusade for better health care after a nail's accidentally shot into her head. Kristin Gore co-wrote the script with Russell.


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