text:
'Gargantuan' hail in Argentina may have smashed world record
April 30, 2020 Penn State
A supercell thunderstorm pelted a city center in Argentina a few years ago with hailstones so large scientists suggested a new category to describe them — gargantuan hail.
Researchers investigating the 2018 storm found one hailstone likely measured between 7.4 and 9.3 inches across, potentially setting a new world record. The current record belongs to a hailstone that measured 8 inches across, or about the size of a volleyball, that fell near Vivian, South Dakota.
"It's incredible," said Matthew Kumjian, associate professor in the Department of Meteorology and Atmosphere Science at Penn State. "This is the extreme upper end of what you'd expect from hail."
The scientists proposed hail larger than 6 inches should be classified as gargantuan, and said more awareness of these events, while rare, could help piece together a better understanding of the dangerous storms.
"Anything larger than about a quarter in size can start putting dents into your car," Kumjian said. "In some rare cases, 6-inch hail has actually gone through roofs and multiple floors in houses. We'd like to help mitigate the impacts on life and property, to help anticipate these kinds of events."
The storm in heavily populated Villa Carlos Paz, Argentina, offered scientists a rare opportunity to study a well-documented case of gargantuan hail. As the storm unfolded, residents took to social media, posting pictures and videos.
Researchers followed up on the accounts a year later, interviewing witnesses, visiting sites where damage occurred, collecting photogrammetric data and analyzing radar observations. Using photogrammetry — taking measurements from photographs — and video evidence, the scientists estimated one hailstone may have set a world record.
The scientists reported their findings in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.
"Such a well-observed case is an important step forward in understanding environments and storms that produce gargantuan hail, and ultimately how to anticipate and detect such extreme events," Kumjian said.
Hail typically occurs during severe storms, which produce strong, sustained updrafts. The winds hold hailstones aloft long enough to grow in sub-zero temperatures high in the atmosphere. But predicting hail size remains challenging, the scientists said.
Rachel Gutierrez, a graduate student at Penn State and co-author of the paper, found a connection between a storm updraft's rotational velocity, or how fast it is spinning, and larger hail size, but much remains unknown about the relationship.
She said the data, especially from a storm outside the United States, is invaluable.
"There typically isn't a lot of data from storms outside the U.S.," Gutierrez said. "Having this shows us these crazy, high-impact events can happen all over the world."
Gargantuan hail events may be more common than once believed, but researchers need volunteers willing to report hail and provide accurate measurements, either by including a common item for scale, or a ruler, Gutierrez said.
Kevin Bowley, assistant teaching professor, also contributed from Penn State.
Other researchers on the project were Joshua Soderholm, then a Humboldt Fellow at the University of Bonn, Germany, and now a research scientist with the Bureau of Meteorology in Australia; Stephen Nesbitt, professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Lorena Medina Luna, education and outreach specialist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research; James Marquis, scientist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; and Paolo Salio, professor, Paula Maldonado, doctoral student, and Milagros Alvarez Imaz, student, at the Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera in Argentina.
The National Science Foundation and the Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety partly funded this research.
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Home Articles On the Orphic Mysteries, etc.
On the Orphic Mysteries, etc.
by Carl Otfried Müller (1847), pp. 231-238.
Neither the Eleusinian nor any other of the established mysteries of Greece obtained any influence upon the literature of the nation, since the hymns sung and the prayers recited at them were only intended for particular parts of the imposing ceremony, and were not imparted to the public. On the other hand, there was a society of persons who performed the rites of a mystical worship, but were not exclusively attached to a particular temple and festival, and who did not confine their notions to the initiated, but published them to others, and committed them to literary works. These were the followers of Orpheus (οί 'Ορφικοί); that is to say, associations of persons, who, under the guidance of the ancient mystical poet Orpheus, dedicated themselves to the worship of Bacchus, in which they hoped to find satisfaction for an ardent longing after the soothing and elevating influences of religion. The Dionysus to whose worship these Orphic and Bacchic rites were annexed, was the Chthonian deity, Dionysus Zagreus, closely connected with Demeter and Cora, who was the personified expression not only of the most rapturous pleasure, but also of a deep sorrow for the miseries of human life. The Orphic legends and poems related in great part to this Dionysus, who was combined, as an infernal deity, with Hades; (a doctrine given by the philosopher Heraclitus as the opinion of a particular sect;) and upon whom the Orphic theologers founded their hopes of the purification and ultimate immortality of the soul. But their mode of celebrating this worship was very different from the popular rites of Bacchus. The Orphic worshippers of Bacchus did not indulge in unrestrained pleasure and frantic enthusiasm, but rather aimed at an ascetic purity of life and manners. The followers of Orpheus, when they had tasted the mystic sacrificial feast of raw flesh torn from the ox of Dionysus (ὠμοφαγία), partook of no other animal food. They wore white linen garments, like Oriental and Egyptian priests, from whom, as Herodotus remarks, much may have been borrowed in the ritual of the Orphic worship.
It is difficult to determine the time when the Orphic association was formed in Greece, and when hymns and other religious songs were first composed in the Orphic spirit. But, if we content ourselves with seeking to ascertain the beginning of higher and more hopeful views of death than those presented by Homer, we find them in the poetry of Hesiod. In Hesiod's Works and Days, at least, all the heroes are described as collected by Zeus in the Islands of the Blessed near the ocean; according indeed to one verse (which, however, is not recognised by all critics), they are subject to the dominion of Cronus. In this we may see the marks of a great change in opinion. It became repugnant to men's feelings to conceive divine beings, like the gods of Olympus and the Titans, in a state of eternal dissension; the former selfishly enjoying undisturbed felicity, and the latter abandoned to all the horrors of Tartarus. A humaner spirit required a reign of peace after the rupture of the divine dynasties. Hence the belief, entertained by Pindar, that Zeus had released the Titans from their chains; and that Cronus, the god of the golden age, reconciled with his son Zeus, still continued to reign, in the islands of the ocean, over the blessed of a former generation. In Orphic poems, Zeus calls on Cronus, released from his chains, to assist him in laying the foundation of the world. There is also, in other epic poets after Homer, a similar tendency to lofty and tranquillizing notions. Eugammon, the author of the Telegonia, is supposed to have borrowed the part of his poem which treated of Thesprotia, from Musæus, the poet of the mysteries, Thesprotia was a country in which the worship of the gods of death was peculiarly cultivated. In the Alcmæonis, which celebrated Alcmæon, the son of Amphiaraus, Zagreus was invoked as the highest of all the gods. The deity meant in this passage was the god of the infernal regions, but in a much more elevated sense than that in which Hades is usually employed. Another poem of this period, the Minyas, gave an ample description of the infernal regions; the spirit of which may be inferred from the fact that this part (which was called by the name of "The Descent to Hades") is attributed, among other authors, to Cecrops, an Orphic poet, or even to Orpheus himself.
At the time when the first philosophers appeared in Greece, poems must have existed which diffused, in mythical forms, conceptions of the origin of the world and the destiny of the soul, differing from those in Homer. The endeavour to attain to a knowledge of divine and human things was in Greece slowly and with difficulty evolved from the religious notions of a sacerdotal fanaticism; and it was for a long period confined to the refining and rationalizing of the traditional mythology, before it ventured to explore the paths of independent inquiry. In the age of the seven sages several persons appeared, who, (being mainly under the influence of the ideas and rites of the worship of Apollo,) partly by a pure and holy mode of life, and partly by a fanatical temper of mind, surrounded themselves with a sort of supernatural halo, which makes it difficult for us to discern their true character. Among these persons was Epimenides of Crete, an early contemporary of Solon, who was sent for to Athens, in his character of expiatory priest, to free it from the curse which had rested upon it since the Cylonian massacre (about Olymp. 42. B.C. 612). Epimenides was a man of a sacred and marvellous nature, who was brought up by the nymphs, and whose soul quitted his body, as long and as often as it pleased; according to the opinion of Plato and other ancients, his mind had a prophetic and inspired sense of divine things. Another and more extraordinary individual of this class was Abaris, who, about a generation later, appeared in Greece as an expiatory priest, with rites of purification and holy songs. In order to give more importance to his mission, he called himself a Hyperborean; that is, one of the nation which Apollo most loved, and in which he manifested himself in person; and, as a proof of his origin, he carried with him an arrow which Apollo had given him in the country of the Hyperboreans. Together with Abaris may be mentioned Aristeas of Proconnesus, on the Propontis; who took the opposite direction, and, inspired by Apollo, travelled to the far north, in search of the. Hyperboreans. He described this marvellous journey in a poem, called Arimaspea, which was read by Herodotus, and Greeks of still later date. It consisted of ethnographical accounts and stories about the northern nations, mixed with notions belonging to the worship of Apollo. In this poem, however, Aristeas so far checked his imagination, that he only represented himself to have penetrated northwards from the Scythians as far as the Issedones; and he gave as mere reports the marvellous tales of the one-eyed Arimaspians, of the griffins which guarded the gold, and of the happy Hyperboreans beyond the northern mountains. Aristeas became quite a marvellous personage: he is said to have accompanied Apollo, at the founding of Metapontum, in the form of a raven, and to have appeared centuries afterwards, (viz. when he really lived, about the time of Pythagoras,) in the same city of Magna Græcia.
Pherecydes, of the island of Syros, one of the heads of the Ionic school, belongs to this class of the sacerdotal sages, inasmuch as he gave a mythical form to his notions about the nature of things and their internal principles. There are extant some fragments of a theogony composed by him, which bear a strange character, and have a much closer resemblance to the Orphic poems than to those of Hesiod. They show that by this time the character of the theogonic poetry had been changed, and that Orphic ideas were in vogue.
No name of any literary production of an Orphic poet before Pherecydes is known; probably because the hymns and religious songs composed by the Orphic poets of that time were destined only for their mystical assemblies, and were indissolubly connected with the rites performed at them. An extensive Orphic literature first appeared about the time of the Persian war, when the remains of the Pythagorean order in Magna Græcia united themselves to the Orphic associations. The philosophy of Pythagoras had in itself no analogy with the spirit of the Orphic mysteries; nor did the life, education, and manners of the followers of Orpheus at all resemble those of the Pythagorean league in lower Italy. Among the Orphic theologers, the worship of Dionysus was the centre of all religious ideas, and the starting point of all speculations upon the world and human nature. The worship of Dionysus, however, appears not to have been held in honour in the cities of the Pythagorean league; these philosophers preferred the worship of Apollo and the Muses, which best suited the spirit of their social and political institutions. This junction was evidently not formed till after the dissolution of the Pythagorean league in Magna Græcia, and the sanguinary persecution of its members, by the popular party (about Olymp. 69. 1. B.C. 504). It was natural that many Pythagoreans, having contracted a fondness for exclusive associations, should seek a refuge in these Orphic conventicles, sanctified, as they were, by religion. Several persons, who are called Pythagoreans, and who were known as the authors of Orphic poems, belong to this period; as Cercops, Brontinus, and Arignote. To Cercops was attributed the great poem called the "Sacred Legends" (ίεροί λόγοι), a complete system of Orphic theology, in twenty-four rhapsodies; probably the work of several persons, as a certain Diognetus was also called the author of it. Brontinus, likewise a Pythagorean, was said to be the author of an Orphic poem upon nature (φυσικὰ), and of a poem called "The Mantle and the Net" (πέπλος καί δίκτυον), Orphic expressions symbolical of the creation. Arignote, who is called a pupil, and even a daughter, of Pythagoras, wrote a poem called Bacchica. Other Orphic poets were Persinus of Miletus, Tiinocles of Syracuse, Zopyrus of Heraclea, or Tarentum.
The Orphic poet of whom we know the most is Onomacritus, who, however, was not connected with the Pythagoreans, having lived with Pisistratus and the Pisistratids, and been held in high estimation by them, before the dissolution of the Pythagorean league. He collected the oracles of Musæus for the Pisistratids; in which work, the poet Lasus is said (according to Herodotus) to have detected him in a forgery. He also composed songs for Bacchic initiations; in which he connected the Titans with the mythology of Dionysus, by describing them as the intended murderers of the young god; which shows how far the Orphic mythology departed from the theogony of Hesiod. In the time of Plato, a considerable number of poems, under the names of Orpheus and Musæus, had been composed by these persons, and were recited by rhapsodists at the public games, like the epics of Homer and Hesiod. The Orpheotelests, likewise, an obscure set of mystagogues derived from the Orphic associations, used to come before the doors of the rich, and promise to release them from their own sins, and those of their forefathers, by sacrifices and expiatory songs; and they produced at this ceremony a heap of books of Orpheus and Musæus, upon which they founded their promises.
In treating of the subjects of this early Orphic poetry, we may remark, first, that there is much difficulty in distinguishing it from Orphic productions of the decline of paganism; and, secondly, that a detailed explanation of it would involve us in the mazes of ancient mythology and religion. We will, therefore, only mention the principal contents of these compositions; which will suffice to give an idea of their spirit and character. We shall take them chiefly from the Orphic cosmogony, which later writers designate as the common one (η συνήθης),—for there were others still more wild and extravagant,—and which probably formed a part of the long poetical collection of "Sacred Legends," which has been already mentioned.
We see, at the very outset of the Orphic theogony, an attempt to refine upon the theogony of Hesiod, and to arrive at higher abstractions than his chaos. The Orphic theogony placed Chronos, Time, at the head of all things, and conferred upon it life and creative power. Chronos was then described as spontaneously producing chaos and æther, and forming from chaos, within the æther, a mundane egg, of brilliant white. The mundane egg is a notion which the Orphic poets had in common with many Oriental systems; traces of it also occur in ancient Greek legends, as in that of the Dioscuri; but the Orphic poets first developed it among the Greeks. The whole essence of the world was supposed to be contained in this egg, and to grow from it, like the life of a bird. The mundane egg, which included the matter of chaos, was impregnated by the winds, that is, by the æther in motion; and thence arose the golden-winged Eros. The notion of Eros, as a cosmogonic being, is carried much further by the Orphic poets than by Hesiod. They also called him Metis, the mind of the world. The name of Phanes first became common in Orphic poetry of a later date. The Orphic poets conceived this Eros-Phanes as a pantheistic being; the parts of the world forming, as it were, the limbs of his body, and being thus united into an organic whole. The heaven was his head, the earth his foot, the sun and moon his eyes, the rising and setting of the heavenly bodies his horns. An Orphic poet addresses Phanes in the following poetical language: "Thy tears are the hapless race of men; by thy laugh thou hast raised up the sacred race of the gods." Eros then gives birth to a long series of gods, similar to that in Hesiod. By his daughter, Night, he produces Heaven and Earth; these then bring forth the Titans, among whom Cronus and Rhea become the parents of Zeus. The Orphic poets, as well as Hesiod, made Zeus the supreme god at this period of the world. He was, therefore, supposed to supplant Eros-Phanes, and to unite this being with himself. Hence arose the fable of Zeus having swallowed Phanes; which is evidently taken from the story in Hesiod, that Zeus swallowed Metis, the goddess of wisdom. Hesiod, however, merely meant to imply that Zeus knows all things that concern our weal or woe; while the Orphic poets go further, and endow their Zeus with the anima mundi. Accordingly, they represent Zeus as now being the first and last; the beginning, middle, and end; man and woman; and, in fine, everything. Nevertheless, the universe was conceived to stand in different relations to Zeus and to Eros. The Orphic poets also described Zeus as uniting the jarring elements into one harmonious structure; and thus restoring, by his wisdom, the unity which existed in Phanes, but which had afterwards been destroyed, and replaced by confusion and strife. Here we meet with the idea of a creation, which was quite unknown to the most ancient Greek poets. While the Greeks of the time of Homer and Hesiod considered the world as an organic being, which was constantly growing into a state of greater perfection; the Orphic poets conceived the world as having been formed by the Deity out of pre-existing matter, and upon a predetermined plan. Hence, in describing creation, they usually employed the image of a "crater," in which the different elements were supposed to be mixed in certain proportions; and also of a "peplos," or garment, in which the different threads are united into one web. Hence "Crater," and "Peplos," occur as the titles of Orphic poems.
Another great difference between the notions of the Orphic poets and those of the early Greeks concerning the order of the world was, that the former did not limit their views to the present state of mankind; still less did they acquiesce in Hesiod's melancholy doctrine of successive ages, each one worse than the preceding; but they looked for a cessation of strife, a holy peace, a state of the highest happiness and beatitude of souls at the end of all things. Their firm hopes of this result were founded upon Dionysus, from the worship of whom all their peculiar religious ideas were derived. According to them, Dionysus-Zagreus was a son of Zeus, whom he had begotten, in the form of a dragon, upon his daughter Cora-Persephone, before she was carried off to the kingdom of shadows. The young god was supposed to pass through great perils. This was always an essential part of the mythology of Dionysus, especially as it was related in the neighbourhood of Delphi; but it was converted by the Orphic poets, and especially by Onomacritus, into the marvellous legend which is preserved by later writers. According to this legend, Zeus destined Dionysus for king, set him upon the throne of heaven, and gave him Apollo and the Curetes to protect him. But the Titans, instigated by the jealous Here, attacked him by surprise, having disguised themselves under a coating of plaster (a rite of the Bacchic festivals), while Dionysus, whose attention was engaged with various playthings, particularly a splendid mirror, did not perceive their approach. After a long and fearful conflict the Titans overcame Dionysus, and tore him into seven pieces, one piece for each of themselves. Pallas, however, succeeded in saving his palpitating heart, which was swallowed by Zeus in a drink. As the ancients considered the heart as the seat of life, Dionysus was again contained in Zeus, and again begotten by him. Zeus at the same time avenges the slaughter of his son by striking and consuming the Titans with his thunderbolts. From their ashes, according to this Orphic legend, proceeded the race of men. This Dionysus, torn in pieces and born again, is destined to succeed Zeus in the government of the world, and to restore the golden age. In the same system Dionysus was also the god from whom the liberation of souls was expected; for, according to an Orphic notion, more than once alluded to by Plato, human souls are punished by being confined in the body, as in a prison. The sufferings of the soul in its prison, the steps and transitions by which it passes to a higher state of existence, and its gradual purification and enlightenment, were all fully described in these poems; and Dionysus and Cora were represented as the deities who performed the task of guiding and purifying the souls of men.
The Secret Doctrine: A Paper read before the Blavatsky Lodge of the T.S.


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Artist Run Map
AIM Network collaborates with two map initiatives listing artists' initiatives:
Artist Run Alliance, Tel Aviv, Israel, is a non-profit platform and online map that gathers artist-run initiatives worldwide and connects them in a network that shares information about each of the spaces, publishes current opportunities and open calls and makes the artist-run sector visible to the public.
www.artistrunalliance.org
Alternative Art Guide is an online database of independent art spaces coordinated from the Hague, Netherlands. Alternative Art Guide is produced by The Naked, an artist-run initiative founded to show the multiplicity of alternative or independent spaces operating in the world today.
www.alternativeartguide.com
Mapping the network
text: Pau Waelder
When the participants at the first meeting of what would become AIM Europe found themselves sitting around a large table in a conference room at the Swedish Embassy in Berlin, they did not really know each other. The representatives of ten artist-run organisations from ten European countries (Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom) had been invited by the organisers of the Supermarket – Stockholm Independent Art Fair to discuss the possibility of creating a translocal network of artist-run organisations and developing a large cultural project that would take place in different cities across Europe. The first session of the two-day meeting had been allocated to presentations of each of the organisations and their local art scene. At that point, a map began to emerge in the minds of those present in the room: geographical locations came alive in each speaker's descriptions, common problems and challenges were identified. The need for artist-run spaces to reach beyond their respective local networks and support each other, both in terms of sharing knowledge and access to infrastructures, and finding financial resources, was immediately clear. It was also agreed that an online platform had to be developed in order to bring more visibility to artist-run initiatives among the public at large.
In the subsequent meetings that took place over the course of four years in Stockholm, Copenhagen, Mallorca, Helsinki, Athens, Riga, and Wrocław the AIM network continued to work as a nomadic office, while the number of participants changed, some partners dropping from the project, others stepping in. The online platform gradually became the main subject and objective of every assembly as although it was undeniable that the organisations in each country faced different situations and challenges, depending on local politics, funding, and culture, they all shared a lack of visibility. Artist-run spaces might be known of, but people usually have trouble finding them in their own city. Therefore the approach of creating a map (an art map for each city, and then a map for all artist-run initiatives in Europe and other continents) seemed most appropriate since the most basic condition for visibility is to be locatable.
Establishing a balance between the ubiquity of an online platform and the specific location of each physical gallery, an Artist-Run Map began to take shape. It focused on attaining AIMs three main objectives: enhancing the visibility of artist-run initiatives, establishing a translocal network, and sharing resources. The website would include a directory of artist-run spaces in Europe, maps of European cities showing the location of these spaces, articles and resources, and an intranet where AIM members could work together on shared projects. Among the challenges that this platform had to face, the main ones were the funding of an infrastructure to support its maintenance (both in terms of dealing with web hosting and practical issues such as employing dedicated staff), the short lifespan of some artist-run initiatives (which could make the map unreliable or even obsolete), and the question of selection – whether a committee should decide what is included and if public institutions, artist-in-residence programmes, and even commercial galleries could somehow be present on this platform.
While developing the prototype, the work focused on minimising maintenance, at the same time being aware that to make the Artist-Run Map completely self-maintaining was not possible. The main objective, in this respect, was to have less demanding registration and updating processes where the registered organisations update their own profile and content. In order to deal with the problem of the short lifespan of some artist's initiatives, a feature that allows information to continue having a function and meaning was suggested: the registered partners would be contacted annually by an automated email message, where they are prompted to log in and confirm or update their information. If this is not done, their status changes so that they appear in the archive of the artists' initiatives that have ceased to exist. The organisation can revert to an active state if it becomes active again.
The selection of partners to be included in the Artist-Run Map proved to be the most complex issue: while it was desirable to keep an open registration (given that the map is presenting self-organised activities), it could generate an indiscriminate number of irrelevant entries that would add confusion and compromise the initial objective of the project. Therefore, several strategies of demarcation were discussed: for instance, to include only artist-run exhibition activities in the search function, while keeping the option of an extended search that included other types of artist initiatives, such as residencies, collective workshops, studio groups, cross-cultural art centres and so on. Every user registering an organisation would select one or more type of activity, and these parameters would control the search results. However, the policy for delimiting what types of activities or organisations that would be allowed on the platform, or be included in the search results, remained to be decided: should a boundary be set to establish what could be considered an 'artist-run' activity? Should it be non-commercial, non-institutional? Where to draw the line, considering that some activities combine different art forms, amateur art, or even activities of a completely disparate nature? A solution was proposed that involved a small team devoted to approving or denying applications on a regular basis, using an online tool. If a registration was approved by at least two or three members of the committee, it would be automatically accepted.
The prototype works with the same database as the applications to Supermarket. For the last couple of years, applicants have been asked if they want to add their organisation to the database, and it is also possible to register only for the Artist-Run Map at Supermarket's website. However, the registrations made before 2013 and 2014 were missing some parameters and had their geographic information handled differently, which caused incompatibility problems and they needed to be registered anew.
Despite being based in the database that collected all these registrations over the years, the Artist-Run Map currently exists as a private beta version, still not open to the public. AIM decided not to reveal the prototype, given that some key issues remain to be resolved, such as the selection method, a proper system to handle submissions and questions from participating organisations, as well as the user interface itself. Several previous attempts have been made to create a similar platform but they all ended up being inaccurate after a short time. AIM has opted to wait until a stable platform can be fully developed rather than make the same mistake.
While the map takes its final form, it is already strengthening the network of those involved. By working together on a common goal, a group of artists and curators who initially knew little about each other have developed a community that has expanded over the years, despite the differences and the distance involved. Nurtured in the halls of Supermarket, evolving over the years, and generating other initiatives and fruitful exchanges as it consolidates its platform, the Artist-Run Map is already more than just cartography. The publication about the network explains the process of developing the map as a way to discuss key issues of self-organisation and methods for transferring knowledge and experience, in order to engage other artist-run organisations enabling them either to join the project, or to develop their own map. As it evolves, however, the map is clearly drawn in the minds of those who participated in AIM, thus it already continues to grow beyond its explored territories, as more and more artist-run spaces keep connecting the dots.
Pau Waelder is a curator and researcher based in Mallorca and Barcelona. PhD in Information and Knowledge Society, he is consulting lecturer at the University Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) and Editor of Media Art at art.es contemporary art magazine.
A prototype of the map can be accessed with a username and password
AIM members
Project Space 1646
Artist-Run Alliance
Tel-Aviv/Berlin, Israel/Germany
The Syndicate of Creatures
Lateral ArtSpace
LTMKS
MUU Artists' Association
Ormston House
Sant Marc
Sineu, Mallorca, Spain
Tromsø, Norway
Snehta
Totaldobže Art Centre
Watertower Art Fest

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
La Tipo 38 fu un'automobile di fascia alta realizzata fra il 1926 e il 1927 dalla casa automobilistica francese Bugatti.

Profilo e storia
Questo modello venne concepito per sostituire la precedente Tipo 30, quest'ultima progenitrice di un'intera stirpe di modelli Bugatti che si sarebbe ramificata in vari ambiti, da quello sportivo (con la gloriosa serie delle Tipo 35) a quello stradale (con la stessa Tipo 38), mediante successive evoluzioni che avrebbero diversificato via via tutte le soluzioni tecniche da essa introdotte, a partire dal motore.

Caratteristiche

La Tipo 38 nasceva su di un telaio a longheroni e traverse in acciaio, con un passo di 3,12 metri di lunghezza, contro i 2,85 metri del modello uscente. Ciò diede la possibilità di costruirvi sopra carrozzerie abbastanza grandi da garantire agli occupanti un decente livello di comfort ed abitabilità. Il comparto sospensioni ricalcava quanto già visto nella Tipo 30 e nelle Tipo 35, ma anche nelle Tipo 22 e 23, con un avantreno ad assale rigido e balestre semiellittiche ed un retrotreno sempre ad assale rigido, ma con quarti di balestra. L'impianto frenante era a quattro tamburi con comando a cavo. Il propulsore era il classico 8 cilindri in linea da 1991 cm3 ereditato dalla Tipo 35, ma a sua volta frutto dell'evoluzione del motore della Tipo 30 di pari cilindrata. Tale motore era alimentato mediante due carburatori Zenith o Solex ed erogava una potenza massima di 70 CV. Si trattava quindi di una evoluzione imborghesita rispetto alla precedente Tipo 30, che invece era più leggera e leggermente pù potente. Le prestazioni ne risentirono: la velocità di punta era infatti di 125 km/h contro i 130 km/h della Tipo 30, già non eccezionali di per sé. La coppia motrice era indirizzata al retrotreno mediante un cambio manuale a 4 marce.

Tre le varianti principali di carrozzeria, alle varie torpedo a due o a quattro posti si aggiungevano anche una roadster molto simile ad una vera e propria vettura sport di quegli anni. Stilisticamente appariva ormai ben delineato il famoso radiatore a ferro di cavallo, che negli anni precedenti era ancora in fase di evoluzione e che solo nelle Tipo 35 aveva finalmente assunto la sua forma definitiva.

Poco dopo il suo lancio commerciale, la Tipo 38 venne proposta anche in versione sovralimentata mediante compressore volumetrico Roots, cosicché la potenza massima poteva raggiungere 90 CV, permettendo il raggiungimento di prestazioni più brillanti, fino a 140 km/h. In pratica si trattava di un motore derivato direttamente da quello della Tipo 35C da competizione, il cui motore raggiungeva però potenze nell'ordine dei 125 CV.

Dopo essere stata prodotta per un solo anno in 385 esemplari, di cui 39 con compressore volumetrico, la Tipo 38 cessò di essere prodotta per essere sostituita dalla Tipo 43.

Galleria fotografica

Note

Bibliografia

Bugatti, l'évolution d'un style, Paul Kestler, 1975, Edita Denoël ISBN 2-88001-002-0

Voci correlate
Bugatti Tipo 29 e Tipo 30

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni
https://web.archive.org/web/20140812084835/http://www.bugatti.com/en/tradition/bugatti-models/t38.html

38

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Durandal Routing not working--am I missing a configuration setting? I'm trying to get a Durandal app setup and I started with a very simple configuration with just two views.
What's happening is that when I call router.navigateTo('#/welcome') or router.navigateTo('#/primaryapplicants'), the view doesn't change.  The URL in the address bar changes, however, and if I reload the page, I get the view I was trying to navigate to.
What am I doing wrong?
Here's a video demonstrating the behavior I'm experiencing.  The code I referenced in the video is included below.
main.js
require.config({
    paths: { "text": "durandal/amd/text" }
});

define(function (require) {
    var system = require('durandal/system'),
        app = require('durandal/app'),
        router = require('durandal/plugins/router'),
        viewLocator = require('durandal/viewLocator'),
        logger = require('services/logger');

    system.debug(true);

    app.start().then(function () {
        // route will use conventions for modules
        // assuming viewmodels/views folder structure
        router.useConvention();

        // When finding a module, replace the viewmodel string
        // with view to find it partner view.
        // [viewmodel]s/sessions --> [view]s/sessions.html
        // Otherwise you can pass paths for modules, views, partials
        // Defaults to viewmodels/views/views.
        viewLocator.useConvention();

        // Will assume that a URL to #/something corresponds to a viewmodels/something viewmodel.
        // http://durandaljs.com/documentation/Router/)
        //router.mapAuto();

        var routes = [{
            url: 'welcome',
            moduleId: 'viewmodels/welcome',
            name: 'Welcome',
            visible: true
        }, {
            url: 'primaryapplicants',
            moduleId: 'viewmodels/primaryapplicants',
            name: 'Primary Applicants',
            visible: true
        }];

        router.map(routes);

        app.setRoot('viewmodels/shell');

        // override bad route behavior to write to
        // console log and show error toast.
        // This method also accepts a "params" parameters, but we're not using it,
        // and to avoid JSLint warnings, we're not including it.
        router.handleInvalidRoute = function (route) {
            logger.logError('No route found', route, 'main', true);
        };
    });
});

shell.html

Shell HTML

Welcome

Primary Applicants

shell.js
define(['durandal/system', 'services/logger', 'durandal/plugins/router'],
    function (system, logger, router) {

        function activate() {

            // Listen for click events so we can navigate
            $('body').on('click', '#navbar a', function (event) {
                var navTo = '#/welcome';
                navTo = event.target.hash;
                logger.log('Attempting navigation to ' + navTo,
                        null,
                        system.getModuleId(shell),//ignore jslint
                        true);
                router.navigateTo(navTo);
                //alert("About to navigate to " + event.target.hash);
                //router.navigateTo(event.target.hash);
            });

            logger.log('Shell loaded',
                null,
                system.getModuleId(shell),//ignore jslint
                true);

            return router.activate('welcome');
        }

        var shell = {
            activate: activate,
            router: router
        };

        return shell;

    }
);

A: As it often the case, once you figure out the solution, it's really quite simple.
Apparently, in the compose binding (a custom Knockout binding provided by Durandal), you must have an afterCompose binding.  In other words, this:

Needed to be changed to this:

Without it, my navigation wouldn't work.  This is stated clearly enough in the docs, but I still missed it somehow:

You must wire both the model and the afterCompose callback to the
  router in order for everything to work properly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


About "Properties of natural numbers"
In math, natural numbers are the numbers which are positive integers.
There are some properties of natural numbers like closure property, commutative property and associative property.
Let us explore these properties on the four binary operations (Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) in mathematics.
If a and b are any two natural numbers, then (a + b) is also a natural number.
2 + 4 = 6 is a natural number.
Addition of two natural numbers is commutative.
Addition of natural numbers is associative.
The difference between any two natural numbers need not be a natural number.
Hence N is not closed under subtraction.
2 - 5 = -3 is a not natural number.
Subtraction of two natural numbers is not commutative.
Therefore, Commutative property is not true for subtraction.
Subtraction of natural numbers is not associative.
Therefore, Associative property is not true for subtraction.
Let us look at the next stuff on "Properties of natural numbers"
The product of two natural numbers is always a natural number. Hence N is closed under multiplication.
then a x b = ab is also a natural number.
5 x 2 = 10 is a natural number.
Multiplication of natural numbers is commutative.
then a x b = b x a.
Therefore, Commutative property is true for multiplication.
Multiplication of natural numbers is associative.
Therefore, Associative property is true for multiplication.
The product of any natural number and 1 is the whole number itself. 'One' is the multiplicative identity for natural numbers.
When we divide of a natural number by another natural number, the result does not need to be a natural number.
Hence, N is not closed under multiplication.
When we divide the natural number 3 by another natural number 2, we get 1.5 which is not a natural number.
Division of natural numbers is not commutative.
Therefore, Commutative property is not true for division.
Division of natural numbers is not associative.
Therefore, Associative property is not true for division.
Multiplication of natural numbers is distributive over addition.
Multiplication of natural numbers is distributive over subtraction.
After having gone through the stuff given above, we hope that the students would have understood "Properties of natural numbers".
Apart from "Properties of natural numbers", if you need any other stuff in math, please use our google custom search here.


Using a Herpes dating site is a great option once you are diagnosed with Herpes. If both people have the HSV virus, it cannot be passed to the other person.
It will give you useful tips and advices about how to date a single biker in the online date you should consider is make a choice which biker dating site is the best one for you.


text:
Q: Exclude filename from gluster replication In glusterfs 3.5.2, is it possible to not replicate some file based on filename ?
I don't see this feature in filter or translator.

A: No. If you have a replicate configuration, all files will get replicated.


text:
Ron Stallworth, an African-American police officer from Colorado, successfully manages to infiltrate the local Ku Klux Klan and become the head of the local chapter.
Terry Hoitz's past mistakes in the line of duty and Allen Gamble's reluctance to take risks have landed them the roles of the "Other Guys", disgraced New York City police detectives relegated to filling out paperwork for cocky hero cops Danson and Highsmith. The mismatched duo must look past their differences when they take on a high-profile investigation of shady capitalist David Ershon and attempt to fill the shoes of the notoriously reckless officers they idolize. Written by The Massie Twins
Framed by an ex-partner for a murder he did not commit, Tobey Marshall, a financially struggling custom-car builder and street-racer, spends two years in jail thinking about one moment. Fresh out of prison he reacquires the fastest car his workshop ever built and sold, and seeks to enter a secretive and extremely high-stakes race known as The DeLeon. His purpose; redemption, recognition from the world of racing and to solve his problems. Yet all this fades in comparison to his driving reason. Revenge. Above all, revenge. This is a story about love, redemption, revenge and motor oil all swirled together Written by Chase Game Reviews
Country: USA , India
Vincent Downs is a cop in Las Vegas, who's partnered with a crooked cop. His partner asks him to steal some drugs, which they do. But what they don't know is that the drugs belong to a crime family, the Novaks who goes after anyone who crosses them. And Rob Novak the man who was handling the drug sale sets his sights on the man who sold him the drugs, casino boss Rubino. Rubino discovers Downs was the one who stole the drugs so he has Downs' son abducted and tells Downs to bring the drugs to his casino. Jennifer Bryant, an idealistic cop who wants to take down every criminal including the Novaks. Recently one her busts went bust and she did everything by the book. She thinks all the men are patronizing her. When she meets Downs she gets a vibe off of him and follows him. Downs brings the drugs to the casino and hides the drugs. Downs meets with Rubino and asks for his drugs. Downs wants his son first before he gives him the drugs. Rubino shows him his son and goes to get the drugs but... Written by rcs0411@yahoo.com
125 min | 150 min (DVD extended cut) | 153 min (BluRay)
The Charlestown neighborhood of Boston is renowned for churning out a high number of armed robbers, generation after generation. These robbers never leave their Charlestown life on their own volition, the neighborhood where there is an unwritten code to protect that lifestyle. Such robbers include friends Doug MacRay, James Coughlin, Albert 'Gloansy' Magloan and Desmond Elden. Doug and James in particular treat each other like family, as the Coughlins have realistically been as such to Doug since Doug's mother ran off and Doug's father, Stephen MacRay, was sent to prison. James' single mother sister, the drugged out Krista Coughlin, and Doug have a casual sexual relationship. The foursome carry out a mostly successful bank robbery, but due to circumstances take the bank manager, Claire Keesey, hostage for a short period before releasing her physically unharmed. They find out that Claire lives in Charlestown, so they want to ensure that she did not see anything that could incriminate ... Written by Huggo
154 min | 178 min (original cut)
Jules Winnfield (Samuel L. Jackson) and Vincent Vega (John Travolta) are two hit men who are out to retrieve a suitcase stolen from their employer, mob boss Marsellus Wallace (Ving Rhames). Wallace has also asked Vincent to take his wife Mia (Uma Thurman) out a few days later when Wallace himself will be out of town. Butch Coolidge (Bruce Willis) is an aging boxer who is paid by Wallace to lose his fight. The lives of these seemingly unrelated people are woven together comprising of a series of funny, bizarre and uncalled-for incidents. Written by Soumitra
Heading back to the streets where it all began, two men rejoin two women to blast muscle, tuner and exotic cars across Los Angeles and floor through the Mexican desert. When a crime brings them back to L.A., fugitive ex-con Dom Toretto reignites his feud with agent Brian O'Connor. But as they are forced to confront a shared enemy, Dom and Brian must give in to an uncertain new trust if they hope to outmaneuver him. And from convoy heists to precision tunnel crawls across international lines, two men will find the best way to get revenge: push the limits of what's possible behind the wheel. Written by Universal Studios
Henry Hill might be a small time gangster, who may have taken part in a robbery with Jimmy Conway and Tommy De Vito, two other gangsters who might have set their sights a bit higher. His two partners could kill off everyone else involved in the robbery, and slowly start to think about climbing up through the hierarchy of the Mob. Henry, however, might be badly affected by his partners' success, but will he consider stooping low enough to bring about the downfall of Jimmy and Tommy? Written by Colin Tinto cst@imdb.com
John Gotti rises to the top of the New York underworld to become the boss of the Gambino crime family. His life takes a tumultuous turn as he faces tragedy, multiple trials and a prison sentence.
Country: Canada , USA
Genre: Biography, Crime, Drama,
Nicky Spurgeon is an extremely accomplished con man who takes an amateur con artist, Jess, under his wing. Nicky and Jess become romantically involved, and with Nicky's profession of being a liar and a cheater for a living, he realizes that deception and love are things that don't go together. They split, only to see each other three years later... And things get messy.
Country: USA , Argentina
Genre: Comedy, Crime, Drama, Romance,
After an attempted assassination on Ambassador Han, Inspector Lee and Detective Carter are back in action as they head to Paris to protect a French woman with knowledge of the Triads' secret leaders. Lee also holds secret meetings with a United Nations authority, but his personal struggles with a Chinese criminal mastermind named Kenji, which reveals that it's Lee's long-lost...brother. But their race will take them across the city, from the depths of the Paris underground to the breathtaking heights of the Eiffel Tower, as they fight to outrun the world's most deadly criminals and save the day. Written by Anthony Pereyra {hypersonic91@yahoo.com}
Country: USA , Germany
Genre: Action, Comedy, Crime, Thriller,
After accomplishing the assignment of dismantling a human trafficking organization, the former military and drifter Jack Reacher goes to Washington to invite his liaison, Major Susan Turner, to have dinner with him. However, he meets her substitute, Colonel Sam Morgan, who explains that Major Turner has been arrested and accused of espionage. Jack seeks out her veteran lawyer, Colonel Bob Moorcroft, who explains that Major Turner has also been accused of the murders of two soldiers in Afghanistan. Further, he also tells Jack he is being sued, accused by a woman of being the father of her fifteen year-old daughter, Samantha. When Moorcroft is murdered, Jack is accused of being the killer and sent to a prison. He sees that Turner and he have been framed and also that Turner will be killed by two assassins. However, he rescues her and they flee. Soon, they realize that there is a conspiracy involving military people from the army and a government contractor that is a powerful arms dealer... Written by Claudio Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Country: China , USA
Genre: Action, Adventure, Crime, Mystery, Thriller,
The true story of London's most notorious gangsters, twins Reggie and Ronnie Kray. As the brothers rise through the criminal underworld, Ronnie advances the family business with violence and intimidation while Reggie struggles to go legitimate for local girl Frances Shea. In and out of prison, Ronnie's unpredictable tendencies and the slow disintegration of Reggie's marriage threaten to bring the brothers' empire tumbling to the ground.
Country: UK , France , USA
Genre: Biography, Crime, Drama, History, Thriller,
137 min | 140 min (extended cut)
Dominic and his crew thought they'd left the criminal mercenary life behind. They'd defeated international terrorist Owen Shaw and went their separate ways. But now, Shaw's brother, Deckard Shaw, is out killing the crew one by one for revenge. Worse, a Somalian terrorist called Jakarde and a shady government official called "Mr. Nobody" are both competing to steal a computer terrorism program called "God's Eye," that can turn any technological device into a weapon. Torretto must reconvene with his team to stop Shaw and retrieve the God's Eye program while caught in a power struggle between the terrorist and the United States government.
Country: USA , Japan
Los Angeles street racer Dominic Toretto falls under the suspicion of the LAPD as a string of high-speed electronics truck robberies rocks the area. Brian O'Connor, an officer of the LAPD, joins the ranks of Toretto's highly skilled racing crew undercover to convict Toretto. However, O'Connor finds himself both enamored with this new world and in love with Toretto's sister, Mia. As a rival racing crew gains strength, O'Connor must decide where his loyalty really lies. Written by rball4042; Car7
A police raid in Detroit in 1967 results in one of the largest RACE riots in United States history. The story is centred around the Algiers Motel incident, which occurred in Detroit, Michigan on July 25, 1967, during the racially charged 12th Street Riot. It involves the death of three black men and the brutal beatings of nine other people: seven black men and two white women.
Genre: Crime, Drama, History, Thriller,
Armed with a great passion for social justice and with a great facility to always say what she thinks, Kate Kane is known in the streets of Gotham as Batwoman, a lesbian highly trained to fight crime that resurfaces in the city. However, before becoming a savior, she must fight the demons that prevent her from being the symbol of the hope of a corrupt city.
Genre: Action, Adventure, Crime, Drama, Sci-Fi,
The unlikely partnership between charming con artist Neal Caffrey and straightman FBI agent Peter Burke. Caffrey provides his expertise to help Burke catch other elusive criminals in exchange for his freedom, and together they prove that to solve the hardest crimes, you must hire the smartest criminal. Written by Twentieth Century Fox
Genre: Comedy, Crime, Drama, Mystery,
The lives of Police Officers working for the Los Angeles Police Department.
Stitchers follows Kirsten, who has been recruited into a government agency to be stitched into the memories of people recently deceased to investigate murders and mysteries that otherwise would have gone unsolved. Cameron, a brilliant neuro-scientist, assists Kirsten in the secret program headed by Maggie, a skilled covert operator. The program also includes Linus, a bio-electrical engineer and communications technician. Camille, Kirsten's roommate and a computer science grad student, is also recruited to assist Kirsten as a stitcher. Written by Soumik Ghosh
Genre: Crime, Drama, Sci-Fi,
The Defiant Ones examines the partnership between Jimmy Iovine and Dr. Dre - one the son of a Brooklyn longshoreman, the other straight out of Compton - and their leading roles in a chain of transformative events in contemporary culture.
Genre: Documentary, Biography, Crime, Music, Reality-TV,
When pregnant, 12-year-old Tui tries to kill herself in a freezing New Zealand lake, Detective Robin Griffin has plenty of questions for the girl. But when Tui suddenly disappears, Griffin finds herself knee-deep in small-town secrets.
Country: UK | Australia | New Zealand | USA
Trailer Park Boys is about life between prison terms. Always trying to play the angles, always done-in by forces beyond their control, and always in the middle of a gunfight, Ricky and Julian are decent, hard- working guys trying to cope with the New World Economic Order. It's not that the boys don't know right from wrong, it's just that right rarely presents itself. Written by Anonymous
A spin-off of NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service (2003) about the local field office of NCIS that investigates criminal cases involving military personnel in The Big Easy, a city known for its music, entertainment and decadence. This colorful city that harbors a dark side is a magnet for service personnel on leave, and when overindulgence is followed by trouble, Special Agent Dwayne Pride's team is at its best.
47 min | 60 min
After the unsolved murder of his wife, Adrian Monk develops obsessive-compulsive disorder, which includes his terror of germs and contamination. His condition costs him his job as a prominent homicide detective in the San Francisco Police Department, but he continues to solve crimes with the help of his assistant and his former boss. Written by Jwelch5742
A pair of deep-cover Soviet spies masquerades as a typical DC couple whose children, neighbors, coworkers and friends are completely unaware of their activities. At home, they're the stereotypical parents of stereotypical kids; at work, they pose as travel agents; but at night, they weave a web of confidants, lovers, dupes, and historical figures from the Reagan-era Cold War. The startlingly realistic plot twists force the viewer to consider the real cost of an undeclared war, what it takes to protect one's beliefs, if it's worth it, and if it actually worked for either side. Written by Steve83
Explores the early relationship between the renowned psychiatrist and his patient, a young FBI criminal profiler, who is haunted by his ability to empathize with serial killers.
Genre: Crime, Drama, Horror, Mystery, Thriller,
467 min (5 parts)
It is the defining cultural tale of modern America - a saga of race, celebrity, media, violence, and the criminal justice system. And two decades after its unforgettable climax, it continues to fascinate, polarize, and even, yes, develop new chapters. Now, the producers of ESPN's award-winning 30 for 30 have made it the subject of their first documentary-event and most ambitious project yet. From Peabody and Emmy-award winning director Ezra Edelman, it's O.J.: Made in America, a 10-hour multi-part production coming summer of 2016. To most observers, it's a story that began the night Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman were brutally murdered outside her Brentwood apartment. But as O.J. lays bare, to truly grasp the significance of what happened not just that night, but the epic chronicle to follow, one has to travel back to a much different, much earlier origin point, at not the end, but the beginning of the 20th century, when African-Americans began migrating to California ... Written by ESPN Films
Genre: Documentary, Biography, Crime, History,
In this concept drama, each season takes place within one 24 hour period. Day 1: Jack Bauer is the head of field ops for an elite team of CTU agents who uncover an assassination plot targeting Presidential nominee David Palmer. Meanwhile, Jack's strained marriage to his wife, Teri, is pushed to the brink by the sudden disappearance of their troubled teenage daughter. What will the next 24 hours hold? Written by Ronos
45 min (456 Episodes)
The show follows a crime, ususally adapted from current headlines, from two separate vantage points. The first half of the show concentrates on the investigation of the crime by the police, the second half follows the prosecution of the crime in court. Written by Mike Menditto
The murder of high-school student Lilly Kane shook the seaside town of Neptune, California to the core. For once popular girl Veronica Mars, it meant the loss of her best friend and being ousted from the affluent crowd that she once thought were her friends. Her father, Sheriff Keith Mars, found himself voted out of his job after making some unpopular accusations about the murdered girl's family. In response, Keith opened his own private detective agency. Now, Veronica, with her sardonic wit and a few new friends, works as his assistant while also navigating life as a high school (and later college) student. Written by L. Hamre
The FBI estimates there are currently over 300 active serial killers in the United States. What would happen if these killers had a way of communicating and connecting with each other? What if they were able to work together and form alliances across the country? What if one brilliant psychotic serial killer was able to bring them all together and activate a following? Written by Jack


Expanding on Robert Stam's idea that sound and image tracks in film can 'mutually jostle, undercut [and] haunt…each other' creating what he calls a 'heterochronic… cinema , this thesis argues that close analysis of a film's sound design can sometimes reveal a break in the seamlessness of a film's narrative and formal structure when sound and image are used asynchronously. Synthesising Stam's formal approach with the theoretical framework of temporal critique put forward by Bliss Cua Lim in her study of the ghost film, this study demonstrates how, like the ghost figure, this use of 'unruly' sound can similarly disrupt the concept of time as linear and the nation-state as a stable, homogenous entity. Analysing the use of 'spectral sound' in a group of important films produced in cultures of censorship by Bahman Ghobadi, Jia Zhangke and Apichatpong Weerasethakul, the thesis argues that film form can itself be political – creating a sense of temporal dislocation that 'makes the present waver'. Alert to the ethical possibilities of listening to film, 'Cinema's Spectral Sounds' argues that film sound can also play a crucial restorative role in that it can reposition oppressed memories and experiences centrally within the discourse of the present.


A CALL TO COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT!
Become part of an ongoing Social Justice conversation that will address issues of social justice that we all face living in our society today. The Elder Activist Social Justice Team in our monthly meetings have been focusing on some of the issues of racial inequality and white privilege. This rich provocative dialogue has been steadily gaining momentum through our reading and collective small group discussions on resources provided (books, articles and videos). We invite YOU to be in COMMUNITY virtually to engage deeply, increase your understanding of social justice, and build our CEN community.
Looking forward to our connections and conversation!
How to join the conversation: We use Zoom - a very easy videoconference or phone-in connection. Please plan to connect 10 minutes early to insure we're ready to start on time.
A Zoom download should start automatically.
In downloads on your computer, click Zoom_launcher.exe. (note the website should direct you to this with a large orange flag). Launching will take just a few minutes.
Once Zoom is launched, a screen should pop up asking for your name. This is to identify you during the meeting. You do not need to create a log-in to participate.
If you have any problems, please call Laurel Bollinger at (530) 613-7078.


text:
@class JSCredentialManager;

// Implements the app-side of the CredentialManagement JavaScript API.
// Injects and listens to the injected JavaScript, owns and drives the user
// interface, and integrates with the password manager. This is the iOS
// equivalent of the upstream class CredentialManagerDispatcher. Note: Only
// activates on iOS 8 and later.
class CredentialManager
    : public password_manager::CredentialManagerPasswordFormManagerDelegate,
      public password_manager::CredentialManagerPendingRequestTaskDelegate,
      public password_manager::
          CredentialManagerPendingRequireUserMediationTaskDelegate,
      public web::WebStateObserver {
 public:
  CredentialManager(web::WebState* web_state,
                    password_manager::PasswordManagerClient* client,
                    password_manager::PasswordManagerDriver* driver,
                    JSCredentialManager* js_manager);
  ~CredentialManager() override;

  // web::WebStateObserver:
  void PageLoaded(
      web::PageLoadCompletionStatus load_completion_status) override;
  void CredentialsRequested(int request_id,
                            const GURL& source_url,
                            bool zero_click_only,
                            const std::vector<std::string>& federations,
                            bool is_user_initiated) override;
  void SignedIn(int request_id,
                const GURL& source_url,
                const web::Credential& credential) override;
  void SignedOut(int request_id, const GURL& source_url) override;
  void WebStateDestroyed() override;

  // password_manager::CredentialManagerPendingRequestTaskDelegate:
  bool IsZeroClickAllowed() const override;
  GURL GetOrigin() const override;
  void SendCredential(
      int id,
      const password_manager::CredentialInfo& credential) override;
  password_manager::PasswordManagerClient* client() const override;
  autofill::PasswordForm GetSynthesizedFormForOrigin() const override;

  // password_manager::CredentialManagerPendingRequireUserMediationTaskDelegate:
  password_manager::PasswordStore* GetPasswordStore() override;
  void DoneRequiringUserMediation() override;

  // CredentialManagerPasswordFormManagerDelegate:
  void OnProvisionalSaveComplete() override;

 private:
  // The errors that can cause a request to fail.
  enum ErrorType {
    // An existing request is outstanding.
    ERROR_TYPE_PENDING_REQUEST = 0,

    // The password store isn't available.
    ERROR_TYPE_PASSWORD_STORE_UNAVAILABLE,

    // The page origin is untrusted.
    ERROR_TYPE_SECURITY_ERROR_UNTRUSTED_ORIGIN,
  };

  // Sends a message via |js_manager_| to resolve the JavaScript Promise
  // associated with |request_id|. Invoked after a page-initiated credential
  // event is acknowledged by the PasswordStore.
  void ResolvePromise(int request_id);

  // Sends a message via |js_manager_| to reject the JavaScript Promise
  // associated with |request_id_| with the given |error_type|. Invoked after a
  // page-initiated credential event, store, or retrieval fails.
  void RejectPromise(int request_id, ErrorType error_type);

  // Determines the currently loaded page's URL from the active WebState, but
  // only if it is absolutely trusted. Does not hit the network, but still might
  // be costly depending on the webview. Returns true if successful.
  bool GetUrlWithAbsoluteTrust(GURL* page_url);

  // The request to retrieve credentials from the PasswordStore.
  scoped_ptr<password_manager::CredentialManagerPendingRequestTask>
      pending_request_;

  // The task to notify the password manager that the user was signed out.
  scoped_ptr<password_manager::CredentialManagerPendingRequireUserMediationTask>
      pending_require_user_mediation_;

  // Saves credentials to the PasswordStore.
  scoped_ptr<password_manager::CredentialManagerPasswordFormManager>
      form_manager_;

  // Injected JavaScript to provide the API to web pages.
  base::scoped_nsobject<JSCredentialManager> js_manager_;

  // Client to access Chrome-specific password manager functionality. Weak.
  password_manager::PasswordManagerClient* client_;

  // Driver to access embedder-specific password manager functionality. Weak.
  password_manager::PasswordManagerDriver* driver_;

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  BooleanPrefMember zero_click_sign_in_enabled_;

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  base::WeakPtrFactory<CredentialManager> weak_factory_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CredentialManager);
};

#endif  // IOS_CHROME_BROWSER_PASSWORDS_CREDENTIAL_MANAGER_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Strong advocacy for justice of the slain bishop and labor activists' causes deportation
Fr. Jose Dizon, executive director of the Cavite-based Workers
Assistance Center (WAC), strongly believed that US labor lawyer Brian
Campbell was denied entry in the country because the government wants
to get even with him and with his Washington DC-based organization
International Labor Rights Fund (ILRF) for spearheading a strong
justice campaigns in the USA for the slain Bishop Alberto Ramento of
the Philippine Independent Church, Nestle union president Diosdado
"Ka Fort" Fortuna, and other activists murdered in the Philippines.
"Supposedly that would be the second visit of Mr. Campbell in the
Philippines. There's no other reason for his deportation except his
strong advocacy for justice and human rights. The government wants to
get even with him because they want the truth to be buried with the
cadaver of Bishop Ramento forever" said Fr. Dizon.
It would be remembered that the cases of murder of Bishop Ramento,
WAC's chair of the board at the time of his death, and that of
former Yazaki-EMI union president Gerardo Cristobal who survived in
police ambushed in April 2006, and the violent dispersals of the
strikes at Chong Won Fashion Inc. and Phils Jeon Garments Inc. by the
Cavite Economic Zone authorities were the strong concerns raised in an
unprecedented joint- statement recently issued by seven US retail
giants to President Arroyo for her government to address and resolve
immediately. The government reacted negatively on that joint statement
when it landed in the newspapers coincided with the statement of the
Joint Foreign Chambers of Commerce in the Philippines.
ILRF is one of the several organizations in the USA, Canada, and
Europe that was instrumental in convincing the seven US retail giants
to issue the said joint statement.
According to Fr. Dizon, the sudden deportation of Atty. Campbell has
further expose the increasing paranoia of Mrs. Arroyo's governance
among her critics abroad.
To be with the protesters at the 12th ASEAN Summit was not part of
Atty. Campbell's itinerary because he would leave the country early
morning of December 11. He is invited to attend the WAC and Cavite
workers's tribute for the slain Bishop Ramento on December 9, 2006
at St. Michael Institute in Bacoor, Cavite. His itinerary includes
attending the International Conference on Jobs and Justice in Cebu City
and several meetings with the workers of the struck Korean companies
Chong Won Fashion Inc. and Phils Jeon Garments Inc. at the Cavite
Export Processing Zone (CEPZ); meeting with other human rights and
lawyer's groups; and the family of the slain bishop on the 10th of
December, International Human Rights Day.
"Campbell is no terrorist nor a law fugitive in his country, but
rather a respected labor lawyer in his own field of human rights
advocacy. He should have been spared by our government from such kind
of harsh treatment," Fr. Dizon lamented.
Campbell's first visit in the Philippines was in April 30 to May 7.
2006 when he was sent by ILRF, upon the invitation of Center for Trade
Union and Human Rights (CTUHR), to join the International Labor
Solidarity Mission and Fact Finding Missions to investigate the truth
behind the political killings of labor leaders and trade union
repressions in the country.
He was barred from entering the country Wednesday evening at the Ninoy
Aquino International Airport (NAIA). He was detained and immediately
put by immigration officials on the next flight back to Hong Kong
without being told "the exact nature of [his] transgression." He
called up the WAC office at 10 p.m. upon his arrival at Hong Kong
airport and narrated that he was not even allowed by immigration
officials in the Philippines to make a phone call and was placed
"under guard awaiting expulsion from the Philippines."
"We will be seeing more of Campbell's case in the future, because
human rights advocates and political activists are not anymore free
today to roam the streets of the so-called Philippine democracy," Fr.
Dizon ended.
Violence Against Trade Unions
Letter Regarding ILO High-Level Tripartite Mission to the Philippines
Request for Review of the GSP Status of the Republic of the Philippines for Violations of Worker Rights
Joint letter to President of Philippines Re. Kentex Fire


text:
Beyoncé And Her Father Part Company
Matthew Knowles will no longer manage his daughter…
R&B star Beyoncé will no longer be managed by her father, Matthew Knowles, reports have revealed.
In a statement from the Single Ladies star, she told The Associated Press (via publicist Yvette Noel-Schure) that despite the fact that she will no longer be doing any more business with her father, but still has a lot of respect for him.
SEE HOT PICTURES OF BEYONCE HERE!
She said: "I've only parted ways with my father on a business level. He is my father for life and I love my dad dearly. I am grateful for everything he has taught me.
"I am grateful for everything he has taught me," Beyoncé said in the statement. "I grew up watching both he and my mother manage and own their own businesses. They were hardworking entrepreneurs and I will continue to follow in their footsteps."
Matthew Knowles also issued a statement, saying: "The decision for Beyoncé and Music World Entertainment to part was mutual. We did great things together, and I know that she will continue to conquer new territories in music and entertainment.
"Business is business and family is family. I love my daughter and am very proud of who she is and all that she has achieved. I look forward to her continued great success."
Last summer, reports claiming that the relationship between father and daughter had become strained were quashed by representatives for Beyoncé.
More From Beyoncé
Beyoncé, Blue Ivy, SAINt JHN & WizKid
Beyoncé, Shatta Wale & Major Lazer
Savage Remix (Ft. Beyoncé) (Lyric Video) [Explicit]
Spirit (from Disney's The Lion King)
Beyoncé Just Posted A Selfie Video on Instagram and Fans Think It's An Imposter
Fans Are Convinced Netflix Just Teased A Possible Beyoncé Documentary
Beyonce Serenaded Diana Ross At Her 75th Birthday Party And We're Losing It
9 Female Artists Who Redefined Coachella: Including Rihanna and Lady Gaga
The Most Iconic Performances Of All Time
17 Amazing Wins For Women Since Last International Women's Day
7 Celebs That Are At least 95% Vegan Just Like Beyoncé
Celebs You Never Knew Started Out On Reality TV


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In 2014, Mia was selected by curator Stephanie Sherman to participate Near Futures, a project for Washington DC's 5×5 Public Art Festival, a biannual sponsored by The DC Commission for the Arts and Humanities. This festival invites 5 international curators to select five artists to develop public works across DC's urban core. As a longtime resident of DC, Mia considered her daily commute between her teaching position at George Mason University and her Brookland NE DC studio. She also considered her previous research in the Athabasca Tar Sands, The calving glaciers of the fragile Arctic, the current conversations in the US capital relating to energy policy and the future of coastal cities. She proposed to install a full scale replica of a gas station canopy in Kingman Lake–a waterway attached to the Anacostia River that would be visible from traffic moving over the East Capital Bridge. She imagined that commuters driving over this bridge on their way to the capitol would be struck by a jarring and disruptive image in the landscape, a premonition of a future to come if energy policy and culture do not change. The temporary structure was designed to have zero impact on the surrounding environment, would be illuminated at night creating a reflection in the water, and had sponsorships from local DC company Kenergy Solar, CA-based LEDtronics, and custom wind turbine from Italian Wind-Energy company- WindKinetic. A Canadian app developer began to develop an app that allowed for the public to monitor the levels of energy being generated by the sun and the wind on top of the gas station at any given time. Mia anticipated that these renewable energy sources installed on top the submerged gas station would provoke a dialogue about renewable and non-renewable energy dependency, and plotted The Flooded Lecture Series to host ongoing dialogue in tandem with the installation.
Just two months shy of installation, a local journalist wrote a piece about the upcoming project. This article caused a major controversy amongst members of the public who ultimately did not want to see a sculpture of a gas station installed in the river, even as a temporary provocation. A coalition formed and the matter was escalated all the way up to the office of the mayor, who eventually canceled the project. The Flooded lecture Series- without the presence of the actual Antediluvian Sculpture was able to successfully continue as planned.
Mia partnered with The Anacostia Watershed Society and Groundwork DC to present seven free tours called The Flooded Lecture Series, which took place on pontoons and canoes in the Anacostia River. Each unique tour was themed: Waste, Energy, Marsh Magic, The moon and The Tides to name a few. Climate Scientists, Smithsonian fellows, musicians, poets, primitive technologists, river historians and others led fascinating discussions on the water.
The Flooded lecture series consisted of seven free lectures curated by Mia Feuer in collaboration with Lee Cain from the Anacostia Watershed Society. Each unique lecture featured members of the science and art community and took place on pontoons and canoes in The Anacostia River in Washington DC.
A midnight tour of the river featuring river history with Lee Cain, poetry with Buck Downs and a theremin performance by Arthur Harris (accompanied by Lee Cain on the saw).
An ecological tour featuring the poetry of Narlan Taxeira and Smithsonian staff scientist Dr. Kristina Anderson Taxeira on ecosystems ecology, forest ecology and global ecology.
A pontoon trip featuring a knapping demonstration by primitive technologist and archeologist Mike Johnson and discussion lead by Marchant "Lucky" Wentworth of the Union of Concerned Scientists.
A canoe tour to Kennilworth Marsh exploring historical and botanical information with Lee Cain, biologist Jorge Bogantes Montero and poetry in the dark with Leeya Mehta.


The Briefing Note # 136, reviewed agent networks managed by MNOs. This Note focuses on bank managed agent networks – either directly or by outsourcing to third parties.
This Note discusses the benefits of IL, the target clientele and challenges MFIs need to consider in developing the product.
One of the major challenges faced by MSMEs is the lack of access to finance. Through this paper, we suggest a fresh approach by introducing simple but effective credit scorecard.


would be feeling feisty, so I grabbed the camera and followed them into the pasture.
retrieving a shoe that got stuck in the mud, and generally trying to stay upright.
Once I reached them, they did not disappoint.
I was confident I'd have at least enough blog fodder for Monday.
Alan: He cut my nose and it's bleeding. Make him stop right now!
I was loving the light and the clouds hovering over the mountains in the background.
The boys were cooperating fully as I angled here and there to capture their best expressions.
Me: Work it, boys, work it!
Me: Howl like you're coyotes.
I was having so much fun watching them and taking pictures, it was sad to see them take off.
what I had been missing for the last 10 minutes.
a herd of pronghorns was sleeping in the pasture right next to us and I was too distracted to notice.
Your boys are endlessly entertaining. Glad to see the snow has melted away. Missing the pronghorns -- now that is embarrassing.
Wow! Those two were trying to tell you there were pronghorns in the grass. The visitors knew you weren't watching. Animals are so smart!
Don't feel bad, the boys were riveting. At least the pronghorns were in the distance. Check this out.
The visit here always makes me smile.
Not fair to slap your innocent forehead. After all, you were concentrating on a work of art in the making, and the boys really "working it"!
Oh how funny. You were totally in the moment of photographing the boys.
Love the howl like a coyote one.


text:
Helpline for business, mental well being of women entrepreneurs of Northeast
Written By: TNM NewsDesk
| Published on: May 21, 2020
A toll free helpline number has been launched to provide business related and mental health well-being support to women entrepreneurs from Northeast region.
In collaboration with Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Project Her and Now, Dhriiti- The Courage Within, has launched the initiative "WE Talk!", which has been supported by Global Alliance for Mass Entrepreneurship (GAME) and Let's TALK (Mental Health Expert Organisation).
The aim of the helpline is to support the women entrepreneur community in the region to access business resources and provide information regarding schemes, loans and other financial assistance that are available in the market.
The helpline – WE Talk! also supports women entrepreneurs to access mental health experts comprising of highly qualified psychologists, psychotherapists and well-trained volunteers behind the line.
The helpline would be operated from Monday to Friday from 12 pm to 4 pm by dedicated resources from each states of Northeast.
The business support would be provided in Assamese, English, Hindi, Kuki, Nagamese, Meitei and Zomi. Women Entrepreneurs can dial in at 1800 102 1262 to receive the support.
Speaking about the initiative, Nidhi Gupta, Executive Director of Dhriiti -The Courage Within, said, "We realised the need for business and mental well-being support for women entrepreneurs in the Northeast given the huge impact of COVID-19 outbreak on women led enterprises in the region. The helpline is an easy access for Women Entrepreneurs to get expert advice on their business as well as mental well being in these difficult times."
"We know that the COVID-19 impacts on businesses are huge for many women-led entreprises in this region and we hope that through this helpline we can support entrepreneurs to find their way through. We would like to encourage women entrepreneurs of Northeast to call WE Talk!" said Julia Karst, Project Her&Now, GIZ India.
In partnership with MoSDE and supported by the German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Project Her&Now aims to improve the overall framework conditions for women-led businesses in India.
Her&Now and Dhriiti looks to provide dedicated incubation and acceleration programmes for 180 women entrepreneurs from across Northeast Region by 2021. The project is also being implemented in Rajasthan and Telangana.
Home » Health » Helpline for business, mental well being of women entrepreneurs of Northeast
About TNM NewsDesk
The News Mill is a Guwahati-based digital media with focus on content from across Northeast India and beyond. We can be reached through [email protected]
Immunity booster tea launched by Korangani Tea in Assam
Assam sitting on 'tip of iceberg' as COVID-19 cases rise rapidly, says health minister


There are so many benefits that are associated with the online coupons and that is why you will that a good number of people will use online coupons to buy and sell some products. Those individuals that use online coupons to sell their products are always able to get more customers due to the different advantages of coupons. One is advised to use coupons so that they are able to benefit in one way or the other. Here is the discussion on the reasons why online coupons are advantageous.
One of the benefits of the online coupon is that you will be able to save a lot of money. More people will go for a product that is of good quality and at a lower price so that they are able to save. When you buy some different products on the discount you will be able to save some money that you will have spent on the product. To make sure that you will be awarded some discount that will help you to save you should use online coupons.
Being able to buy in bulk is one of the ways through which online coupons are important. You will find that more people will prefer to buy different products ones since its always easier. In coupons you will always be given some vouchers that you can use when you buy bulk meaning you will be able to buy most of the products at the same time. The lower price will allow more people to buy those different products at the same time.
One of the reasons as to why online coupon is important is because you will be able to try something new. If you are a new seller and your products are new you will have to use the coupons so that more people will be attracted to try it. If you are selling the same product but different brand at the same price you will find that more people will be attracted to your products. Therefore, it is always important to use the coupons so that you are able to try some new products at a lower price.
One of the ways through which online coupon is important is because it will enable you to market your products. To make sure that you are able to get more customers to buy your products you should make use of the coupons. Everyone will want to save to when you use online coupons they will; buy your products. Therefore to make sure that your brand is well known by a large number of people you should make use of the coupons.


Managing your time in college is a huge part of becoming successful. Developing good time management skills early on will help you to balance your work, school and social activities while managing your stress level in the process. There is nothing worse than having too much to do and waiting until the last minute to try and finish everything. Here are some tips to help you create a time balance in your college life.
This may sound obvious to some but use a calendar. It could be a paper calendar or an online calendar as long as it works for you. A calendar can help you remember important dates, keep information in one place and help you to plan out your days.
Google Calendar helps you keep organized and allows you to keep appointments, important events, test dates and assignment due dates all in one place. Google will send you an e-mail and/or text message reminder and you can access your calendar anytime.
This means not taking on too many higher level classes if you feel that you cannot handle the work load. If you are not strong in Math or Science, then don't take too many math or science classes together in one semester. Know that you will have to devote more study time and possibly lab time to those classes.
Saying no is not a dirty word. You have the right to say no to people. If people ask you to do something whether it is go to a party, help them move, drive them around. and you know that you will be stressed out or miss out much needed study time as a result then try to only commit to activities and events that you know you can handle. This is not to say don't go to parties or help your friends but know that you will have to make decisions about what you can and cannot do.
Create a Study Schedule That Works For You!
Everyone is different. Some are morning people, some are not. Some are able to study better in groups while some do not. You will need to try different study techniques to see what works for you.
Procrastination Is An Ugly Word!
Whether you realize it or not, procrastination can severely damage your grades and academic success. Procrastinating forces you to create lower quality work, increases your stress, lowers your grades and hurts your reputation among teachers and classmates. Get into the habit of starting projects and papers early and you will increase your grades and lower your stress.
Break Larger Papers and Projects Into Sections.
If you have an extensive paper or project to do, break the work load into sections. This will ease your stress and possibly make it enjoyable at times.
Allow Yourself Time For Breaks and Activities You Enjoy.
A huge part of staying healthy and sane during your college years is to laugh, smile and enjoy yourself. If you make time for the things you love, even if it just for a little while, you will end up a happier and more well-adjusted person.


What's Going On With Your Hair???
On This Woman's Words radio I had the opportunity to interview the co-founders of Naturally Happy Hair Magazine recently. Our conversation brought out some issues that we as women really need to examine.
As women, why do we focus so much on our hair? I have to include myself in this need to self examine. If we have a "bad hair day" our entire day can be lost.
If we have curly hair, we want straight hair. If we have straight hair, we wish and pray to wake up one morning with curly hair. If our hair is brown, we want it blond. If it's black, we wish we were a redhead.
Should we stop fighting the natural tendencies of our hair and simply 'go natural'? Is it time to empower ourselves to embrace our hair just the way it is and have Naturally Happy Hair?
Check out the conversation by Clicking Here.
Join This Woman's Words radio as we welcome Boston Marathon survivor and breast cancer survivor Lynda Nijensohn to the show. Lynda will be our featured guest on Sunday May 19th at 5:30 PM central standard time.
Lynda and her father John Cowin,65, of Leesburg, Fla., are part of the history of a moment in time where Americans came together and showed heroic strength of character and faith. Lynda ran in the Boston Marathon to support breast cancer survivors. Her father John who was there to support her, is what I will call an American hero. In the face of adversity he did not hesitate. He immediately swung in to action to save American lives.
Listen to my interview with Lynda Nijensohn live on Sunday May 19th at 5:30 PM CST or on podcast anytime by Clicking Here.
I'd love to have you to call in to join the conversation at 714.464.4854.
For those of you who follow my blog, you know that I am a proud native Texan. For those of you who follow my blog from other parts of the nation and the world, you may not know that Texas was once a part of Mexico. Cinco de Mayo is a big deal here in Texas. Despite what you may read and witness online and on television, most thinking people in Texas have an understanding about why we are so closely connected to Mexico.
Many of us of all races and ethnicities have extended family in Mexico. Many people travel back and forth to Mexico on a regular basis for shopping, visiting relatives, business, etc…. For us it's sort of like Rochester, New York and Kingston, Canada. Texas and Mexico have a connection that can not be denied.
So here in Texas Cinco de Mayo is a big deal. There will be parades, lots of food, margaritas y vino, there is at least one 5k run, celebrations, and proclamations in recognition of the day. The meaning of Cinco de Mayo has evolved from the anniversary of Mexico's victory in 1862 in the fight for independence from French forces. It is now more of a celebration of Mexican heritage and culture. Both of which are alive and thriving in Texas!