text:
Bechdel-Wallace List Reviews: A
Sarah Jessica Parker stars as a divorcee on a trip to Italy with her rebellious teenage daughter. Although the story bounces around from family drama to romance to road trip comedy, this comfort-food of a film is an easy, enjoyable watch. (BKP: 3.5/5)
Review by Associate Editor Brigid K. Presecky
Director Ella Lemhagen and writers Josh Appignanesi and Cindy Myers tell the story of newly-divorced "Maggie" (Sarah Jessica Parker) on a plane ride to Italy, accompanied by her pink-haired teenage daughter, "Summer" (Rosie Day). Twenty years prior, Maggie spent summer in a quaint Italian village and believes that if she whisks troubled Summer away to Europe, her problems will be left behind in New York City.
Wishful thinking, Maggie. As the mother-daughter-duo drive through the open roads of picturesque Italy, Maggie throws Summer's phone out of the car window: maybe that will keep Summer from texting her jailbird boyfriend. The tension continues to build as they arrive at their house and Maggie rekindles feelings for her long-lost love, "Luca" (Raoul Bova).
Bored without a phone and annoyed by her flirtatious mother, Summer drives out of Luca's garage in a fancy convertible, with his mother, "Carmen," (Claudia Cardinale) in the passenger seat. The film ventures into two different stories: the journey of Summer and Carmen and the journey of their followers, Maggie and Luca.
The comedic "chase" scenes through Italy give viewers the opportunity to witness the beauty of the country, especially at times when the film's pacing slows. Cinematographer Gergely Pohárnok captures the majestic backdrop, making the setting a necessary component.
Although the story relies on romantic comedy cliches and contrived plot devices (two people, one hotel room, etc.) the writers' intentions are evident.
All Roads Lead to Rome is a story about love: romantic love, platonic love and familial love. Sarah Jessica Parker will draw people to this film, whether they see it select theaters across the country or purchase it on their Video-On-Demand enabled televisions. Her character will keep the audience invested in the story even as the wacky plotlines, like Italy's ancient roads, take unexpected twists and turns. But the screenplay, like Maggie and Summer, ends up right where it needs to be.
© Brigid K. Presecky FF2 Media (2/05/16)
Top Photo: Sarah Jessica Parker as "Maggie" with her ex-boyfriend, Raoul Bova as "Luca"
Middle Photo: Sarah Jessica Parker as "Maggie"
Bottom Photo: Maggie and her daughter, "Summer" (Rosie Day)
Photo Credits: Momentum Pictures
Q: Does All Roads Lead to Rome pass the Bechdel-Wallace Test?
The entire story is based around "Maggie" (Sarah Jessica Parker) and "Summer" (Rosie Day) and their relationship as mother and daughter. Summer also forms a bond with Luca's mother, "Carmen" (Claudia Cardinale).
Tags: Brigid K. Presecky, Cindy Myers, Claudia Cardinale, Ella Lemhagen, FF2 Media, Italy, Josh Appignanesi, Raoul Bova, Romantic Comedy, Rosie Day, Sarah Jessica Parker
by Jan Lisa Huttner February 4, 2016


The Cleveland Cavaliers were outplayed from the onset as the team was blown out by the magic 120-91 on the road in Orlando.
Cavs rookie Collin Sexton scored 23-points stretching his streak of games with 20-plus points to four.
Jordan Clarkson scored 15-points off the bench for the Cavs who also got ten points and eight rebounds from Kevin Love.
Cleveland will next play on Saturday when they continue their road trip in Dallas against the Mavericks.


text:
← All Work
← Yeah, all of it
BillyDec.com
Design and develop the personal website of Emmy Award winner, restauranteur, philanthropist, actor and producer, Billy Dec.
Billy Dec is a two-time Emmy Award Winning Entertainment TV Personality, Producer, Actor, Attorney, Restaurateur, Philanthropist, and CEO/Founder of Rockit Ranch, a premier hospitality & entertainment company specializing in the creation, marketing and management of award winning restaurants, bars and nightclubs.
This site is his the first time a visual identity for his personal brand has been created. Its purpose is to serve as his portfolio and pitch deck for his personal brand and its continued expansion. This project was the works: logo design, site design, responsive layout, and development. Encompassing the breadth of his work and projects in a visually coherent, easily navigable, and engaging way was the main challenge we faced at the outset of the project.
In thinking about his brand, we wanted it to be clean and modern, while remaining fairly neutral so as not to pigeonhole him into one of his various roles. This lead us to working in primarily black and white, as it gives space for the content to be colorful without having to worry about visual conflicts, and also lends an air of sophistication. The decision to slightly fade the color palette was made as a nod to Billy's classic Camaro and Bronco, lending a vintage feel and removing some of the formalism of stark black and white.
The logo started with the letters "BD" in Acier BAT, which is the typeface we decided on for its nice contrast between sharp points and very round curves. With our black and white color palette, the logo needed to be strong in just one color, which means working largely in and with silhouettes.
After some experiments in creating shapes with both the negative and positive space, I landed on the "D" shown above on the right in the first image below. It's sculptural. It has character, and yet is clean & modern. The sharp cut is balanced by the round letterforms. By using the same size rectangle from the "D" to create the intersecting angle for the "B", it creates a set of parallel lines, visually linking the two letters, while simultaneously adding the natural spacing between them. The final logo above is a riff on this process.
Coachella 2018 with Google & Winnie Harlow
Using the Pixel 2 to document the festival and create content for Team Pixel.
2018 in Photos
A selection of photos from various projects and trips, newest to oldest-ish.
Concept redesign for the Interactive Brokers logo
Big Game Air
Initial promotional images shot on location for the launch of a new private charter company.
BTS at The Underground Relaunch Video
Capturing the mood on the set of the Underground Relaunch Video
Paris, Lyon, Toulouse
Two weeks in France and a 35mm lens.
About Bain Creative
I'm Chris Bain. I'm a web-developer, commercial photographer, and sometimes designer.
I started Bain Creative in 2014, and while it's still just me, I regularly partner with other talented creatives - videographers, copywriters, photo stylists, etc. - for specific client needs. As a company, Bain Creative makes honest, beautiful content and crafts simple, straightforward digital experiences.
Regardless of the project, the goal is always the same - to help companies and brands develop mutually beneficial, meaningful, productive and lasting relationships with their stakeholders. When companies and brands demonstrate, over time, that they care, they earn trust, achieve goals and outperform competitors.
Values are often front-and-center in our work. Customers prefer companies and brands that align with their values. Employees prefer working for companies where profits aren't the only measure of success. And communities support companies that invest in and care about them.
We would love to help you tell your corporate and brand stories and showcase your values.
© 2019 Bain Creative, LLC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sober-curious Millennials and Gen Z are driving Dry January's comeback after a stressful 2021
Ayelet Sheffey and Jason Lalljee
Since 2013, people have been partaking in "Dry January" — a month free of alcohol consumption.
In 2021, the Capitol insurrection and pandemic stress caused some Americans to ditch a dry month.
2022 might be different, though, with more people taking on sober lifestyles.
There's no doubt about it: 2021 was hard, and a lot of people coped with alcohol.
The year began with an insurrection on the nation's capitol and is ending with yet another surge in COVID-19 cases. It could spoil a sober start to the new year: Dry January.
A term coined in 2013 by a group in London, Dry January in an attempt to encourage a healthier, alcohol-free lifestyle. Since then, the trend has taken off globally, with people across the world setting the goal of putting alcohol aside for the first month of the year. In 2021, many struggled to partake in the movement, but with Americans in the midst of a "sober-curious" movement, 2022 could be a comeback year for teetotalling, especially for younger generations, who drink less and participate in Dry January more.
Drinking surged during the pandemic
As the New York Times reported on January 12, a week after the capitol insurrection, some Americans like university professor Nina McConigley felt "sad and useless."
"I am of color, watching the Confederate flag being paraded in the Capitol, it was the worst," McConigley told the Times. "The act of a hot warm dinner and nice wine, it felt self-preserving."
Alcohol consumption overall has surged during the pandemic.
A survey conducted by the American Psychological Association in March found one in four adults reported drinking more this past year to manage their stress. The Harris Poll, an analytics firm, found that about 17% of respondents reported "heavy drinking" between mid-August and mid-September, defined as four or more alcoholic beverages for women and five or more for men.
In addition, a study by the Rand Corporation last year found that alcohol consumption in the U.S. increased by 14% during the pandemic. Women increased their heavy drinking days by 41%, according to the study.
It's enough to impact collective health in the US. Even a short-term increase in consumption will result in 8,000 additional deaths from liver disease by 2040, Massachusetts General Hospital estimated this month.
But there's still room to turn things around.
A growing 'sober-curious' movement
Alcohol consumption may have increased this year, but for some Americans, that doesn't mean Dry January is ruled out.
Polls from Morning Consult and YouGov found that as many as 15% of Americans, or one in seven, took a break from alcohol in January 2021. According to Morning Consult, reasons for that lifestyle change include a desire to be healthier and reduce overall consumption.
Across the pond, about one-sixth of the United Kingdom is planning to take part in Dry January, Alcohol Change UK, the charity that founded Dry January, reported. 18% of adults who drink alcohol are planning to abstain next month.
A range of experts back the movement. Even just reducing the amount of alcohol consumed has significant benefits to a person's physical health and mental well-being. The New York Times reported that exercising "mindful drinking," or paying attention to why, when, and where a person is picking up a glass, can help curb excessive consumption.
Dry January speaks to the growth of a larger, "sober-curious" movement that is growing in popularity among young people. As Insider reported in November, non-alcoholic beverage sales surged 33% to $331 million last year, according to Nielsen.
Nielsen senior vice president Kim Cox told Insider more people are simply losing interest in alcohol and want to lead healthier lifestyles, noting "there's been such a huge trend over the last several years towards lower sugar, lower carb, lower calorie in the beverages space."
Data shows that younger people may be leading the brigade to drink less.
Millennials and Gen Zers have been consuming less than older generations in recent years. Research also suggests that more Millennials participate in Dry January in larger numbers than their older counterparts, alcohol purchases decreasing at the beginning of the year and increasing by February.
The pandemic is still ongoing, but conditions are better than they were a year from today. And Dry January just might help.
More: Policy Economy Dry January Sober


text:
_prisonbreak —
moposh ( moposh) wrote in _prisonbreak,
moposh
_prisonbreak
SWC & WM Interview with My FOX Birmingham
23 March 2007 @ 11:13 pm
Sarah Wayne Callies and Wentworth Miller Interview with My FOX Birmingham
Transcribed by ephiny79
Link: http://youtube.com/watch?v=gePabnaM8eM and/or http://www.myfoxal.com/myfox/pages/InsideFox/Detail?contentId=2135268&version=1&locale=EN-US&layoutCode=VSTY&pageId=5.2.1
Sarah Verser: Welcome back everyone. Well, 'Prison Break' is back with all of the excitement. News Corps, the owner of the FOX TV News station and this station, gave me the chance to talk with two of the stars, Wentworth Miller and Sarah Wayne Callies. More with the scoop… Wentworth Miller and Sarah Wayne Callies join us this morning. Good morning, guys!
Both: Good morning. [big smiles]
SarahV: Okay, the gist of this thing for fans of 'Prison Break' is: if you thought that last season was thrilling, hold onto your socks, 'cause it's getting even scarier and crazier when it airs tonight.
Went: It's true. It's true. I've been asked, um, if I think the second season is more violent than the first, and I say that I don't, I don't believe that's the case. But first season, when someone died, it was usually an inmate somewhere in the background. Second season, when someone dies, uh, it's someone that you know and have come to care about, so the violence feels more significant, I think, more impactful.
SarahV: Wow.
SWC: For us too. We're sort of losing family members [laughs] as they tick down, and there's certainly a bunch more going in the next, uh, in the next few episodes coming up.
Went: Yeah.
SarahV: You have had a lot of carnage… [both laugh] in the show. Let's talk about you two. What's going on between you two?
SWC: [scratches the back of her neck and squints] Not a lot. You know…
Went: Every so often they throw us together [Sarah giggles with glee] hoping for a couple sparks, but so far…
SWC: [giggles] We don't like working together, so we just kind of… [turns her head the other way and playfully gives him the hand, and Went laughs and blushes]
SarahV: Well, it's kind of hard when you're on the run, isn't it, uh, Wentworth?
Went: It is. That's the challenge, um, because Michael and Sara do have a romantic connection. Um, they've been through the fire. They're still walking through the fire, but umm, people are dying around them. People want them dead, so it's really hard to forge any kind of relationship in the way that uh, the normal person, the average person would think of a relationship.
SWC: There's also, I think from my perspective, there's the issue of Lincoln. Um. Part of it's just physically that he's always there whenever [giggles with Went] I'm around Michael, which is a little unique, [what a sweet way of saying he's a pain in the butt!] but it's also, um, I think from Sara's perspective she's very anxious not to try and get between these brothers, not to compete for Michael's attention or affection, um, and to be respectful of the heroic efforts that he's, you know, undertaken on his brother's behalf. At the same time, she still needs him, so that's a balance there to find.
SarahV: Okay, let's backtrack a little bit. Wentworth, your character, Michael, got into prison to break out your brother.
Went: Yes.
SarahV: And so now you're on the run.
Went: That's right.
SarahV: And then Sarah, your character is a doctor who is also named Sara.
SWC: Mmhmm.
SarahV: So, okay, fill us in now.
Went: Well, I think, uh, once we all escaped from prison first season, which Michael only accomplished by manipulating Doctor Sara with whom he had developed some kind of a romantic attraction. Um, the plan was to get to Panama as quickly as possible. Um, but it became clear, and that's where the show picks up, uh, tonight, um, that fleeing was not the answer. The answer is fighting, and the brothers have to stay and take on this government conspiracy that has destroyed so many lives up to, including in many ways, Doctor Sara's, because, not only did Michael manipulate her and jeopardize her professional career, but she's lost her father, um, because of events that Michael helped set in motion. She's now the center of this government conspiracy, so tonight we see these guys, um, stand and fight, aided by an unexpected ally who, up until this point, had been trying to kill all of them.
SWC: The flip side of that, of course, is that now that they're standing and fighting, um, I have this key that they need, and so there's… We're returning to some, some old ground between Michael and Sara, which is, umm… Does he wanna be with me, or does he need my help because he needs something I can give him? And I think we've gotta… the first thing that they have to address between the two of them is, uh, is what his intentions actually are.
Went: Honorable! Of course. [ornery grin]
SWC: Mmm, [rolls her eyes] nothing but honorable. Um, and then, and then what to do.
Went: I just need the key.
SWC: [laughs out loud then curls her hand in the "gimme" gesture] I love you, I love you, I love you, give me the key. Thank you, babe. [Went chuckles]
SarahV: Well, I always say, having a love interest is pretty hard when the FBI is on your tail. Thank you guys, both, for joining us this morning.
Went: [both laugh loudly] Really? We should be interviewing you!
SWC: Sarah, we have some questions for you! [both still having a good laugh at the anchor's expense]
SarahV: Wentworth Miller and Sarah Wayne Callies, thanks for joining us.
Both: Thank you.
Tags: transcripts, wesah
This came out in my local paper. It's about the girl who play's Gretchen's daughter.…
Went Interview & Speculation
Interview with Wentworth over at E! Online. Sara h gets a mention! Additionally, there are also some mild speculation spoilers not related…
Scans of SWC Interview in PB Magazine
Credit to fuzzybunn at pbscene for the scans.


This cute and colorful hat is knit with two colors of Berroco Mercado and topped with a pompom.
Colors Shown: Berroco Mercado (100 grs): 1 hank each #4160 Ciruela (C1) and #4101 Crema (C2).
Koigu Patterns - Koigu Fun Beret and Cap - PDF DOWNLOAD is a similar pattern: hats and more garment and for all ages. You may also like Berroco Booklet 399 Brielle Patterns - Charente - PDF DOWNLOAD, which is another similar pattern: hats and more garment and heavy worsted/aran (16-18 sts/4 in) yarn gauge.


text:
Obec Jedlany () se nachází v okrese Tábor v Jihočeském kraji. Žije v ní  obyvatel.

Historie
První písemná zmínka o obci pochází z roku 1369. Poblíž Jedlan je místo Beránek, kde se roku 1419 konalo shromáždění příznivců Mistra Jana Husa. V průběhu dějin byly Jedlany několikrát administrativně spojeny se sousední obcí Chotoviny.

Části obce
V letech 1961–1975 k obci patřila Beranova Lhota.

Demografie
Jedlany jsou specifické v tom, že podle výsledků sčítání lidu z roku 2011 jsou obcí s nejvyšším podílem osob, hlásících se k Církvi československé husitské (15,7 % obyvatel obce).

Galerie

Reference

Externí odkazy

Vesnice v okrese Tábor
Obce v okrese Tábor
DSO Mikroregion venkov
Sídla v Táborské pahorkatině

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The safety and well-being of our pupils is something that our school strives hard to ensure and we continue to work hard to provide ways to help you tell us if you or your children have any problems or worries which the School needs to know about such as bullying. Reporting issues is a very effective way to enable us to deal with risks before they escalate into harm, and we already have several ways in which you can report to our school. That goes a long way in helping us create the safe and reliable environment for your children that you expect our school to be.
We understand too that sometimes, coming into school to tell us about these issues can not always be an easy thing to do.Time? Arranging an appointment? Speaking with staff? Sometimes it can be a subject that you need to bring to our attention without wanting to identify yourself, but that you feel we need to know, particularly if it involves children's safety. That's why we are launching Whisper on our school website, an anonymous reporting service for pupils, families and local community that allows you to send a message or text to a confidential school email account where staff experienced in responding to issues will receive it.
Clicking on the Whisper button on our site will take you to an online form where you can leave your message. You can choose to send it anonymously or, if you want us to get back to you, you can leave your contact details. Whisper does not collect any information to identify a sender unless they choose to leave it. You can also send an anonymous text by following the SMS instructions on our school website.
Why do we think this is important?
For a variety of reasons, such as being classed as a "grass", or mistrust of how their concerns will be handled, young people often find it very difficult to report issues at school. Offering an anonymous route may empower them to raise concerns they may not have felt able to raise before. We know that reporting can raise awareness of an issue across the school and things can change because of that, through discussion and education. Reporting someone who is bullying, for example, can very often focus attention on that person and is sometimes enough to change their behaviour. Whilst your report may not always get the solution you want to see, reporting bad behaviours can often stop them from happening to others. If people know their unacceptable behaviour will be reported they are less likely to do it and this can have a positive effect across the whole school.
Over the next few weeks we will be discussing Whisper with the children as part of our wider safeguarding education programme: how, why and when to use it. How it can provide a useful route for them to help safeguard themselves, their friends or the wider school community. If you have any questions about the service then please contact Mr Leach our Designated Safeguarding Lead. We thank you for your continued support and comments. With that support, we are confident we can build a positive school community in which you, and your family play such an important and valuable role.
Report an Issue using Whisper!
Click the link below which will take you to the SWGfL Whisper reporting window. The system does not collect any online information from you. You can choose to leave your name and contact details only if you want to.


text:
# coding=utf-8
from plugins.utils import get_used_plugins_by, get_latest_sensor_value
from climate.models import RaindropValue

def rain_level(sensor, number):
    """
    Функция, определяющая 4 уровня осадков.
    Необходимо подстройка с учетом расположения, исполнения, угола наклона и пр. датчика дождя.
    Поэтому для каждого датчика записывается его исторический минимум и максимум.
    За начало осадков принято max_value - 10.

    :param sensor: plugins.models.SensorYL83 Датчик дождя
    :param number: int Число в идеальных условиях от 0 до 1023 - результат работы датчик дождя, где
    0 - полное погружение в воду, 1023 - абсолютно сухая поверхность.
    :returns: int Число от 0 до 3 - четыре уровня осадков, где 0 - осадков нет,
    3 - ливень.
    """

    min_val = sensor.min_value
    max_val = sensor.max_value
    middle_val = (max_val - min_val) / 2 + min_val
    shower_val = (max_val - min_val) / 5 + min_val

    if number <= shower_val:
        return 3
    elif shower_val < number <= middle_val:
        return 2
    elif middle_val < number <= max_val - 10:
        return 1
    else:
        return 0

def get_widget_data(plan_id):
    """
    Функция, предоставляющая данные с датчиков дождя YL-83

    :returns: list Список кортежей с данными о дожде и координатами расположения
    виджетов.
    """

    sensors = get_used_plugins_by(package='plugins.arduino_yl83')
    sensors = [s for s in sensors if s.plan_image_id == plan_id]

    values = [get_latest_sensor_value(RaindropValue, sensor) for sensor in sensors]

    return [(plan_id, v.content_object.name, v.content_object.horiz_position,
             v.content_object.vert_position, v.content_object.level,
             rain_level(v.content_object, v.raindrop)) for v in values if v is not None]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Justia Patents Cell Analysis, Classification, Or CountingUS Patent for Holographic device and object sorting system Patent (Patent # 10,295,451)
Holographic device and object sorting system
Jun 28, 2016 - IMEC VZW
A device for extracting at least one object characteristic of an object (106) is presented, the device comprising: a light sensor (101) for recording a hologram of an object and a processing unit (102) coupled to the light sensor and configured for extracting at least one object characteristic from the hologram; wherein the processing unit is configured for extracting the at least one object characteristic from a section of the hologram without reconstructing an image representation of the object. Further, a device (200) for sorting an object (106), a method for identifying an object and a method for sorting objects is presented.
Latest IMEC VZW Patents:
CONFORMABLE MATRIX DISPLAY DEVICE
Semi-sequential 3D integration
Method of transferring a semiconductor layer
System and method for cell recognition
On-chip broadband light source
The present application is a section 371 U.S. patent application claiming priority to PCT/EP2016/065068, filed Jun. 28, 2016, which claims priority from EP Application No. 15174589.0, filed Jun. 30, 2015, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The invention relates to devices and techniques for particle characterization. In particular, the invention relates to lens-free devices. More in particular, the invention relates to fluidic devices for in flow particle characterization.
In digital holographic microscopy, light wave front information from an illuminated object is digitally recorded as a hologram. By reconstructing an image representation of the object from the hologram, characteristics of the object can be extracted from that image representation. However, such reconstruction relates to a high computational cost that limits the speed of the object characterization.
Extracting particle and distributions characteristics from holograms, bright field images, or Fraunhofer diffraction patterns has already been studied in the past and is generally solved by applying different numerical algorithms involving inversion, nonlinear pattern matching, or performing image analysis decomposition. Since integrals of special functions or an extensive use of Fast Fourier Transformation intervene in most of these algorithms, they all suffer from a tremendous increase in computational cost when they have to be performed at high speed. This severely limits real-time particle characterization in high-throughput applications.
It is an object of the invention to provide a device and a method that allows fast and accurate characterization of objects at low computational cost.
The above objective is accomplished by a method and device according to the present invention. In a first aspect of the invention, a device for extracting at least one object characteristic of an object is presented, comprising: a light sensor configured for recording a hologram of an object; and a processing unit coupled to the light sensor, the processing unit being configured for extracting at least one object characteristic from the hologram; wherein the processing unit is configured for extracting the at least one object characteristic from only a section of the hologram without reconstructing an image representation of the object.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the light sensor is configured for recording only the section of the hologram used for extracting the at least one object characteristic.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the light sensor consists of a single row of light recording elements for recording the section of the hologram.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the light sensor consists of two rows of light recording elements intersecting each other thereby forming a cross-shape.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the processing unit comprises a machine learning component, such as for example an artificial neural network, calibrated for extracting the at least one object characteristic.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the processing unit comprises a support vector machine calibrated for extracting the at least one object characteristic.
According to an embodiment of the invention, recording the hologram and extracting the at least one object characteristic comprises receiving light of the hologram and determining the at least one object characteristic using the directly received light without converting the light into electrical signals.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the light sensor is configured to record intensity and phase of light of the hologram. The processing unit is then configured to extract the at least one object characteristic using the recorded intensity and phase.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the light sensor comprises optical coupling elements for recording the hologram, e.g. grating couplers.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the at least one object characteristic comprises the object size and/or the object type and/or the object internal structure and/or the object homogeneity.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the object is a biological cell.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the at least one object characteristic comprises a size of the cell and/or a size of a nucleus of the cell and/or the cell type and/or the cell internal structure and/or the cell homogeneity.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the object is a Red Blood Cell or a White Blood Cell or a Circulating Tumor Cell.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the processing unit is a photonic integrated circuit. According to an embodiment of the invention, the processing unit consists of photonic components.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises a fluidic channel, e.g. a micro-fluidic channel. In such an embodiment, the light sensor is positioned such that holograms of illuminated objects in the fluidic channel can be recorded or captured by the light sensor.
In a second aspect of the invention, an in-flow object sorting system is presented, comprising: at least one fluidic channel for propagating a fluid sample comprising at least one object; a coherent light source associated with each fluidic channel, positioned to illuminate objects propagating in that fluidic channel; a device as described in the first aspect or any of its embodiments, the device being associated with each fluidic channel and positioned to record or capture a hologram of an illuminated object in that fluidic channel; and a sorter associated with each fluidic channel, the sorter being coupled to the device and positioned downstream of the device, and wherein the sorter is configured for sorting the illuminated objects in the associated fluidic channel based on the extracted at least one object characteristic.
In a third aspect of the invention, a method for extracting at least one object characteristic of an object is presented, comprising: providing a fluid sample comprising at least one object; illuminating the at least one object; recording a hologram of the illuminated at least one objects; extracting at least one characteristic from the at least one object from the recorded hologram; wherein the extraction of the at least one characteristic of the object is performed using only a section of the recorded hologram, without reconstructing an image representation of the at least one object.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the recording of the holograms comprises recording intensity and phase of light representing the holograms and the extraction of the at least one characteristic of the at least one object is done using the recorded intensity and phase.
In a fourth aspect of the invention, a method for sorting objects in-flow is presented, comprising the method for extracting at least one object characteristic of at least one object as described above; and further comprising sorting each object based on the extracted at least one characteristic of that object.
It is an advantage of embodiments of the invention to provide a device which can identify objects with high accuracy at low computational complexity.
It is an advantage of embodiments of the invention to provide a system which allows real-time classification of cells at high speed, e.g. 100000 to 1 million objects per second.
Particular and preferred aspects of the invention are set out in the accompanying independent and dependent claims. Features from the dependent claims may be combined with features of the independent claims and with features of other dependent claims as appropriate and not merely as explicitly set out in the claims.
These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments) described hereinafter.
FIG. 1 illustrates identification of cells
FIG. 2 illustrates a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3A illustrates a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3B illustrates an device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3C illustrates a fluidic channel comprising a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3D illustrates a fluidic channel comprising a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3E illustrates a fluidic channel comprising a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates an object sorting system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates a cross section of an object sorting system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for identifying an object according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for sorting an object according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 illustrates a Mie-scattering part using an incident plane wave and an inline image sensor behind the particle which records the hologram, as can be used in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 illustrates the capturing of a radial symmetric hologram and processing by an artificial neural network, as can be used in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 illustrates the joint distribution of core and shell diameters, as can be used in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 illustrates the local relative error for each prediction in the test set, as obtained using an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 further illustrates the local relative error for each prediction in the test set, as obtained using an embodiment of the present invention.
The drawings are only schematic and are non-limiting. In the drawings, the size of some of the elements may be exaggerated and not drawn on scale for illustrative purposes.
Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope.
In the different drawings, the same reference signs refer to the same or analogous elements.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described with respect to particular embodiments and with reference to certain drawings but the invention is not limited thereto but only by the claims. The drawings described are only schematic and are non-limiting. In the drawings, the size of some of the elements may be exaggerated and not drawn on scale for illustrative purposes. The dimensions and the relative dimensions do not correspond to actual reductions to practice of the invention. Furthermore, the terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking or in any other manner. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described or illustrated herein.
It is to be noticed that the term "comprising", used in the claims, should not be interpreted as being restricted to the means listed thereafter; it does not exclude other elements or steps. It is thus to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps or components as referred to, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components, or groups thereof. Thus, the scope of the expression "a device comprising means A and B" should not be limited to devices consisting only of components A and B. It means that with respect to the present invention, the only relevant components of the device are A and B.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but may. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments. Similarly it should be appreciated that in the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some but not other features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention, and form different embodiments, as would be understood by those in the art. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Throughout the description reference is made to "fluid sample". "Fluid sample" may refer to any body fluid that can be isolated from the body of an individual. Such a body fluid may refer to, but not limited to, blood, plasma, serum, bile, saliva, urine, tears, perspiration. Fluid sample may also refer to any fluid, e.g. a saline solution, suitable for transporting objects or components in a fluidic or micro-fluidic system. Objects may refer to any of the components contained in, for example, blood, plasma, serum, bile, saliva, urine, tears, perspiration.
Throughout the description reference is made to a "light sensor". This may refer to any electrical or optical component suitable for recording or capturing light signals. For example, an image sensor or a photonic component or circuit, e.g. a grating coupler.
Throughout the description reference is made to a "hologram". This refers to an interference pattern of an object illuminated by a coherent light source, traditionally producing coherent light. Such an interference pattern is formed by the interference of scattered light from the object and the original light from the coherent light source.
Where in embodiments of the present invention reference is made to "part of a hologram" reference is made to not all of a hologram. "Part of a hologram" also encompasses less than 90% of a hologram, e.g. less than 75% of a hologram, e.g. less than 50% of a hologram, e.g. less than 30% of a hologram.
The problem of high computational cost as described above in the background section is solved by using only a part of the information of a recorded hologram of an object. It is observed by the inventors that object characteristics can still be extracted from the hologram when parts of the hologram information is discarded. By using only a part of the hologram information and not performing a reconstruction of the object from the full hologram, computational cost can be drastically reduced.
Different aspects of the invention are described in the following paragraphs.
In a first aspect of the invention, a device is presented. The device may be a completely integrated device, e.g. a chip. The device can be used to extract object characteristics of objects. These object characteristics may be at least, but not limited to, one of the following characteristics: object type, object size, object internal structure, or object homogeneity. In particular if the object is a biological cell, these object characteristics may be cell type, cell size, cell internal structure, or cell homogeneity. The device comprises a light sensor for recording a hologram of an object. This light sensor comprises a sensing side which is suitable for capturing or recording an interference pattern (=hologram) of an object that is illuminated by a coherent light source. For example, when an object located above the sensing side is illuminated, the interference pattern formed by the interference of scattered light from the object and the original light from the coherent light source can be captured or recorded by this sensing side. The device further comprises a processing unit that is coupled to the light sensor such that captured or recorded holograms can be received by the processing unit. The processing unit is configured to extract characteristics from an illuminated object by using only a section of the recorded hologram.
It is known in the art of holograms that when splitting a hologram in half, the whole scene can still be seen in each part of the hologram because each point on a holographic recording includes information about light scattered from every point in the scene. It was observed by the inventors that object characteristics can still be extracted from a part of the hologram information. The graph in FIG. 1 represents the results of an experiment. FIG. 1 shows that different types of cells (monocytes 111, t-cells 112, granulocytes 113) can still be identified using a part of the information of the hologram of the cell, in this case only a one-dimensional radial slice. It is an advantage of the invention that less information needs to be processed thereby leading to a reduction of the computational cost. The data in FIG. 1 was obtained by extracting or selecting a 1D radial slice out of every 2D image of a data set. The 1D radial slice represents a single line of light recording elements of a light sensor.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the location of the slice is aligned with the centre of the object when capturing or recording light. Thus, when capturing a hologram of an object, the slice is positioned such that the centre of the hologram is aligned with the slice. The selection of the width of the slice depends on the computational cost which can be afforded by the user while still achieving appropriate speeds for object characterization. For example, the width may be below 50 um, e.g. 40 um, 30 um, 20 um, 10 um, 5 um or below. In a particular experiment the inventors discovered that object characterization can be done with a slice of pixels, wherein each pixel has a size of 16 um by 16 um. By performing a simple trial and error experiment, the appropriate width of the slice can be determined. During such an experiment, the computational cost related to the width of the slice can then be determined.
An embodiment of the invention is featured in the setup illustrated in FIG. 2. The setup comprises a coherent light source 105, an object 106 and a device 100. The coherent light source 105 is positioned such that the light wavefront 107 generated by the coherent light source 105 illuminates the object 106. The light sensor 101 is positioned such that a hologram 108 of the illuminated object can be recorded by the light sensor 101. A processing unit 102 is coupled 114 to the light sensor 101 and performs the processing only on a section of the recorded hologram 108. Alternatively, a means for creating coherent light from the coherent light source 105 may be used, e.g. a structure with one or more pinholes. The use of such a means applies to all embodiments disclosed in this description.
According to an embodiment of the invention, and as illustrated in FIG. 2, the light sensor records a complete hologram of the object. This hologram is transferred to the processing unit. The processing unit extracts a section of the hologram. This extraction may comprise a simple image processing step. This image processing step may be performed by the processing unit. The rest of the hologram information is discarded. Only the extracted section of the hologram is used by the processing unit to extract object characteristics.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the light sensor is configured to record only a section of the hologram, for example only a line scan or a 1D line scan. This section is then transferred to the processing unit. For example, only a part of the area of the sensing side of the light sensor is active. This active area is then used to record a section of the hologram. For example, a conventional image sensor may be used of which only a part of the sensing side, e.g. a single row of pixels, is active. It is an advantage of the invention that by recording only a section of the hologram, power consumption of the device can be reduced. In a massively parallelized system comprising a plurality of devices, this reduction of power consumption is an important advantage. According to an embodiment of the invention, the geometry of the light sensor is adapted to the geometry of the section of the hologram that is needed for processing. Hence, the size of the light sensor is smaller than the size of the complete hologram of the object. In other words, the geometry of the light sensor corresponds to the geometry of the section of the hologram that is required for identification.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the light sensor consists of two, three or four rows of light recording elements for recording the section of the hologram.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the light sensor consists of a single row of light recording elements for recording the section of the hologram. The single row of light recording elements are positioned such that a slice of the hologram can be recorded. For example, the row is positioned such that the center of the object can be imaged. The single row of light recording elements may be a 1D radial slice. This is a slice of which the orientation is perpendicular to the propagation path of an object. The single row of light recording elements may also be a 1D axial slice. This is a slice of which the orientation is substantially parallel to the propagation path of an object.
An embodiment of the invention is featured in the setup illustrated in FIG. 3A. Certain parts of this setup are similar to the described setup of FIG. 2. However, in this setup, the light sensor 101 is sized such that only a section of the hologram 108 is recorded. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the geometry of the light sensor 101 corresponds to a slice of the hologram 108 of the object 106. Thus, instead of recording a 2D image, the light sensor 101 only records a 1D slice, e.g. a 1D radial slice, of the hologram 108.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the light sensor consists of two rows of light recording elements intersecting each other thereby forming a cross-shape. The two rows may be positioned perpendicular to each other. Thus, in a specific embodiment, a radial 1D slice may be combined with a 1D axial slice to further improve the extraction of object characteristics while still reducing the holographic data set. The combination of the 1D radial slice and the 1D axial slice also simplifies the detection of the object. For example, it allows for compensating misalignment of objects. This may be advantageous in fluidic channels in which objects are propagating along a trajectory path. Objects that are not aligned with the defined trajectory path can still be detected and imaged whilst reducing the holographic data set.
An embodiment of the invention is featured in the setup illustrated in FIG. 3B. Certain parts of this setup are similar to the described setup of FIG. 2. However, in this setup the light sensor 101 is a combination of a 1D radial slice and a 1D axial slice. The light sensor 101 has a cross-shape. Instead of recording a 2D image, the light sensor 101 records a radial 1D slice and an axial 1D slice of the hologram 108. The combined holographic information is then transferred to the processing unit 102.
FIG. 3C illustrates a fluidic channel 103 comprising a light sensor 101. The light sensor 101 is a radial 1D slice. The orientation of the slice is substantially perpendicular to the orientation of the fluidic channel 103 or substantially perpendicular to the direction of the propagation path of the object 106 in the fluidic channel 103.
FIG. 3D illustrates a fluidic channel 103 comprising a light sensor 101. The light sensor 101 is an axial 1D slice. The orientation of the slice is substantially parallel to the orientation of the fluidic channel 103 or substantially parallel to the direction of the propagation path of the object 106 in the fluidic channel 103.
FIG. 3E illustrates a fluidic channel 103 comprising a light sensor 101. The light sensor 101 is an axial 1D slice combined with a radial 1D slice.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the light recording elements may be elements which convert an optical signal into an electrical signal such as e.g. pixels of an image sensor. In such a case, the light sensor is electrically coupled, e.g. electrically wired or bonded, to the processing unit. The light sensor may be a conventional image sensor such as a CMOS imager.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the light recording elements may be optical in-coupling elements which pick up or capture the light of the hologram. These elements may be grating couplers which couple light into, for example, an optical waveguide. Such optical elements may have, for example, a 10 um by 10 um geometry. These optical in-coupling elements do not convert the light into an electrical signal. No conversion is performed at all. The optical elements merely function as devices that redirect the light into, for example, an optical waveguide. These optical in-coupling elements may be nano- or microstructures patterned on a substrate. They are designed such that light falling on these structures is directed to, for example, an optical waveguide also present on the substrate. As an advantage, no optical information, such as e.g. phase information, of the hologram is lost. In such an embodiment, the light sensor is optically coupled to the processing unit. Thus, light received by the optical coupling elements is redirected or directly transferred to the processing unit. The processing may be a photonic integrated circuit that receives the picked-up light signals as input. The optical coupling between the light sensor and the processing unit may be implemented by one or more optical waveguides. Thus, according to this embodiment of the invention, recording the hologram and extracting the at least one object characteristic comprises: 1) receiving the light of the hologram, and 2) determining at least one object characteristic from the directly received light without converting the light into electrical signals beforehand.
An embodiment of the invention is featured in the setup illustrated in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates a setup having similar parts as illustrated in FIG. 2. The sensing side of the light sensor 101 comprises optical in-coupling elements 109 for capturing light. The optical coupling elements 109 are optically coupled to optical waveguides 110. The optical waveguides 110 are optically coupled 114 to the processing unit 102 and deliver the light of the hologram to the processing unit 102.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the light sensor is configured to capture or record intensity and phase information of the light of the hologram. The processing unit is then configured to extract object characteristics from the captured or recorded intensity and phase information. It is an advantage that apart from intensity also the phase of the light of the holograms is captured or recorded. By extracting object characteristics from intensity and phase, the extraction is improved, leading to more sensitive and accurate characterization of the objects under test. The simultaneous recording of intensity and phase information can be performed by picking up the light signals, e.g. using optical coupling elements as described above, and directly transferring the light signals to the processing unit. The intensity and phase information is then transferred to the processing unit for the extraction of object characteristics.
According to an embodiment of the invention the processing unit comprises a machine learning component that is calibrated or trained for extracting the at least one object characteristic. The machine learning may comprise an artificial neural network (ANN) or a support vector machine but also any other machine learning technique such as decision tree learning, association rule learning, deep learning, inductive logic programming, clustering, Bayesian networks, reinforcement learning, representation learning, similarity and metric learning, sparse dictionary learning or genetic algorithms. The processing unit may also comprise a plurality of machine learning components such as for example ANNs wherein each machine learning component is calibrated for extracting a specific object characteristic. For example, a first machine learning component, e.g. ANN, may be trained to detect the type of the object, e.g. a cell. A second machine learning component, e.g. ANN, may be trained to determine the radius of the object, e.g. the cell core. The training or calibration of the machine learning components, e.g. ANNs, is performed by providing them with a large number of labelled training examples first, typically using an algorithm called back-propagation. Such a machine learning component, e.g. an ANN, may be a hardware implemented machine learning component, e.g. ANN. The machine learning component, e.g. ANN, may also be a software routine which is executed by one or more cores, e.g. processors, present on the processing unit. The machine learning component, e.g. ANN, may also be a photonic neural network. In such an embodiment, the processing unit is a photonic circuit which uses light as input instead of electrical signals. As an advantage, phase information of light is not lost because no conversion of the light to electrical signals is done. The optical phase information can be used to increase accuracy of the object identification. Also, the time to identify objects is reduced because the processing unit processes the directly received light. Reference is made to B. Schneider et al., Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9328 93281F-1 which describes an implementation of an ANN in a flow cytometry device, hereby incorporated by reference.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the processing unit may be a hardware implementation of a photonic reservoir computing concept as described in K. Vandoorne et al., Nature Communications, vol. 5, paper 3541, 2014, hereby incorporated by reference. It is an advantage of this embodiment that optical phase information can be used to increase accuracy of the object identification. It is a further advantage of this embodiment that power consumption can be reduced to a minimum as the reservoir processing itself does not consume any power.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the processing unit comprises a multi-processor architecture designed for efficient object characteristic extraction. As an advantage, extraction of different object characteristics may be performed in parallel thereby reducing the total object characterization time.
According to an embodiment of the invention the processing unit comprises a machine learning component being in the present example a support vector machine (SVM) calibrated or trained for extracting at least one object characteristic. The calibration or training of the SVM is similar to the calibration or training of an ANN as described above or other machine learning components.
According to embodiments of the invention, the at least one object characteristic comprises object size and/or object type and/or object internal structure and/or object homogeneity. According to embodiments of the invention, the object is a biological cell. According to embodiments of the invention, the at least one object characteristic comprises a size of the cell and/or a size of a nucleus of the cell and/or cell type and/or cell internal structure and/or cell homogeneity. According to embodiments of the invention, the object is a blood cell, e.g. a red blood cell (RBC) or a white blood cell (WBC) or a circulating tumor cell (CTC).
The device may be placed underneath a sample holder for identifying objects present in the sample holder. The sample holder may be a cavity or a fluidic channel in a substrate, e.g. a silicon substrate. The sample holder may also be a transparent substrate, e.g. a glass substrate.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a device for extracting at least one object characteristic of an object is presented. The device comprises a photonic circuit which is configured for extracting at least one object characteristic from the hologram. The photonic circuit comprises a set of optical in-coupling elements which function as optical inputs to the photonic circuit. The optical in-coupling elements may be grating couplers which are positioned such that a hologram of an illuminated object can be captured. For example, a matrix of optical elements are positioned on a 2D surface such that a complete hologram can be captured. Such a matrix is comparable to a conventional image sensor of which the pixels are replaced by the optical in-coupling elements and wherein the light captured by the in-coupling elements is directly fed to the photonic circuit. The photonic circuit further comprises a photonic processing unit that is optically coupled to the optical in-coupling elements. It is an advantage of the invention that directly captured light is processed by the photonic circuit without conversion to electrical signals. This accelerates the processing and reduces power consumption to a minimum.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the device is a lens-free device. Thus, no lens is present in between the coherent light source and the object and in between the object and the device.
The device may be used in a static setup which comprises a transparent sample holder, a coherent light source for illuminating a fluid sample provided in the sample holder and a device positioned underneath the sample holder for identifying objects in the provided fluid sample after illumination. In such a setup, the fluid sample is not propagating. In this setup a conventional image sensor may be used that records holograms of a plurality of object simultaneously in an image. The processing unit is then configured to detect the different holograms in an image and extract from each hologram a section. These steps may done using simple image processing steps running on the processing unit. The processing unit is then further configured to extract object characteristics from each extracted section.
In a second aspect of the invention, an object sorting system is presented. The system is capable of sorting different types of objects, e.g. cells, present in a fluid sample. The system comprises at least one fluidic channel for propagating a fluid sample comprising objects. The system may comprise a plurality of fluidic channels, e.g. 100 or 1000 channels, for distributing the fluid sample over the different fluidic channels and perform object identification and sorting in parallel. The fluidic channels may be micro-fluidic channels. The system further comprises at least one coherent light source for illuminating propagating objects. The coherent light source is associated with each fluidic channel such that objects in the fluidic channel can be sufficiently illuminated for lens-free imaging purposes. So, each fluidic channel can be illuminated with a coherent light source or light signal. The coherent light source may be a single coherent light source of which the light signal is distributed over the object sorting system to each fluidic channel. Such distribution can be achieved by using an optical distribution network. With each fluidic channel, an optical out-coupling structure, e.g. a grating coupler, may be associated for coupling a light signal out of the optical distribution network and illuminating that fluidic channel. The system further comprises at least one device as described in the first aspect of the invention. The device is positioned at each fluidic channel such that holograms of objects in the fluidic channel can be captured or recorded as they are illuminated and propagate through the fluidic channel. The device may, for example, form a wall of the fluidic channel. The device may also be positioned underneath a transparent wall of the fluidic channel such that light can be received from illuminated objects. Downstream of the fluidic channel, a sorter is positioned. The sorter may be a micro-fluidic sorter. The sorter is coupled to the fluidic channel, e.g. fluidically coupled, to allow manipulation of the trajectory path of propagating objects in the fluidic channel. Such manipulation may comprise generating microbubbles in that fluidic channel using heating elements. The sorter is also coupled, e.g. electrically, to the device for receiving information from the processing unit. Based on the output of the processing unit, the sorter sorts the objects according to their extracted object characteristics.
FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of an object sorting system 200. Fluidic channel 103 propagates a fluid sample comprising objects 106. As each object propagates through the channel 103 it passes the light wavefront 107 of the coherent light source 105 and is illuminated. The hologram of the illuminated object is recorded or captured by the light sensor 101. The hologram is transferred to the processing unit 102. After extraction of object characteristics from the hologram, the processing unit 102 instructs the sorter 115 to sort the object as it passes the sorter 105. At the level of the sorter 115, the fluidic channel is split into two other fluidic channels. Depending on the object characteristic, the object is sorted, e.g. deflected, by the sorter 115 to the appropriate other fluidic channel. Depending on the number of different determined object characteristics, the fluidic channel may be split into a plurality of other fluidic channels or wells.
The object sorting system may be a microchip. The microchip may be completely fabricated using semiconductor processing techniques, e.g. CMOS processing step. It is an advantage of the invention that object sorting may be performed completely on-chip. This contributes to the compactness and low cost of the system. Layers of the microchip may, for example, comprise a substrate, e.g. a silicon substrate, the coherent light source(s), the light sensor(s), the fluidic channel(s), the sorter(s) and the processing unit(s).
FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of cross-section A-A′ of FIG. 5. A substrate 116 supports the complete system. This may be a semiconductor substrate, e.g. a silicon substrate. A semiconductor layer 117 is located on top of the substrate 116. This layer 117 may be a semiconductor oxide layer. Embedded in the layer 117 are a light sensor 101, a processing unit 102 and a sorter 115. The layer 117 also comprises couplings 114, 120 which couple the light sensor 101 to the processing unit 102 and the processing unit 102 to the sorter 115, for example, electrically or optically. The light sensor 101, the processing unit 102, the sorter 115 and the couplings 114, 120 between these components may be located in the same layer or in different layers of the microchip, depending on the manufacturing method of the system. Further atop, a fluidic channel 103 is located. On top of the fluidic channel 103, a layer 118 comprising the coherent light source 105 is located. The layer 118 may be a semiconductor layer such as a semiconductor oxide layer. In FIG. 6, the coherent light source 105 is an optical waveguide. The optical waveguide comprises a light out-coupling structure 119, e.g. a grating coupler, located above the light sensor 101 such that an object 106 located in the fluidic channel 103 above the light sensor 101 can be illuminated and its hologram recorded by the light sensor 101. According to an embodiment of the invention, the system comprises a plurality of fluidic channels, wherein each fluidic channel has such a light out-coupling structure associated with it, for illumination of that fluidic channel.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the object sorting system is capable of sorting 1 million objects per second. The system comprises 1000 fluidic channels. Each fluidic channel is capable of processing 1000 objects/second. Each fluidic channel comprises a light sensor with 512 pixels (single line of pixels) to record a slice of the holograms of objects propagating through that fluidic channel. The light sensor is capable of recording 25M samples/second. The recorded slices are transferred to a 3 vector products (3 Multiply-Accumulate+Max) SVM which processes each hologram slice in less than 1 millisecond. The SVM is coupled to a sorter which sorts the cells based on the processing results of the SVM.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the object sorting system is a lens-free system.
In a third aspect of the invention, a method for extracting at least one object characteristic is presented. The method comprises the following steps: 1) providing a fluid sample comprising an object; 2) illuminating the object in the fluid sample; 3) recording or capturing a hologram of the illuminated object; 4) extracting at least one characteristic of the object from the recorded hologram. The extraction of the at least one characteristic of the object is performed using only a section of the recorded hologram, without reconstructing an image representation of the object. According to an embodiment of the invention, the recording of the holograms comprises recording intensity and phase of light of the holograms. The extraction of the at least one characteristic of the object is done using the recorded intensity and phase.
The method described in the third aspect of the invention or in any of its embodiments may be implemented by the device described in the first aspect of the invention or in any of its embodiments.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method for extracting at least one object characteristic is a lens-free method.
A flow chart of the method according to the third aspect or any of its embodiments is illustrated in FIG. 7.
In a fourth aspect of the invention, the method as described in the third aspect or in any of its embodiments further comprises a step of sorting each object based on the extracted at least one characteristic of that object. Thus, the method is a method for sorting objects.
According to an embodiment of the invention, this method for sorting objects is a lens-free method.
The method described in the fourth aspect of the invention or in any of its embodiments may be implemented by the device described in the second aspect of the invention or in any of its embodiments.
A flow chart of the method according to the fourth aspect or any of its embodiments is illustrated in FIG. 8.
Experiment & Results
In the following paragraphs the setup of an embodiment of the invention comprising an ANN as a machine learning component is described. Also the results are described.
ANNs require a dedicated training set which grows with the number of unknown weights inside the net. To avoid a time-consuming training procedure, the ANN was limit to rather small-size, feed-forward neural nets solely composed of a single hidden layer. The optimal number of hidden neurons is evaluated by cross-validation. For each parameter characterizing the particle a distinct network is trained using a conjugated-gradient based backpropagation algorithm. Early stopping prevents the neural network from overfitting. The neural net is trained with 10 different initial weight distributions so as to eliminate cases where the training algorithm is trapped in a local, non-optimal minimum.
The training, validation, and test sets consist of random partitions of a catalogue of diffraction patterns. Rigorous Mie-scattering theory is used to calculate the diffraction holograms of concentric spheres at various depths and with different radii under laser illumination. FIG. 9 illustrates the Mie-scattering part using an incident plane wave and an inline image sensor behind the particle which records the hologram. FIG. 10 illustrates a radial symmetric hologram. The underlying symmetry allows one to select only a one-dimensional line scan as input vector to the subsequent neural network. The dimension of the input vector is determined by the number of pixels in one line of the sensor.
Due to the translation and rotation invariance of the diffraction patterns in the detection plane, it is assumed that the particle is located at the origin of the detector's coordinate system and only record the radial dependence. FIG. 10 shows that in this case the hologram is a 512×1 pixel line image recorded by a sensor (pixel pitch 16 um) at 100 um distance which allows for a considerable speed-up of the sensor frame rate in real-time applications.
The Mie scattering patterns of transparent concentric spheres in buffer solution as a simplified model of WBCs are simulated. The following model parameters were chosen: an incident plane wave of wavelength λ=532 nm, a core refractive index (RI) of 1.39, a shell RI of 1.37, and a surrounding medium RI of 1.34. Particle diameters were chosen according to the probability density functions in Eq. 1(a), (b) with a=6 um, b=20 um, and c=4 um. The initial joint distribution of core and shell diameters is shown in FIG. 11. From FIG. 11, different regions 121, 122, 123, 124 can be identified. The depth value of the particles along the optical axis is modeled in terms of a truncated (|z|≤40 um) Gaussian distribution N(μ=0 um, σ=10 um).
pcore(xC)=(b−a)−11[a,b] (1a)
pShell(xS|xC)=(xC−1−c)−11[c,xC−1],c<a−1 (1b)
The relative error in diameter sizing is a function of the model parameters. In order to define a global error measure which is defined on the total population, it was proposed the coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CV) as a normalized error metric. It is defined as the root mean square deviation of the dependent variable y (in this case either the core or shell diameter) divided by the sample mean value.
CV = E  [ ( y - y ^ ) 2 ] y _
Another commonly used error measure is the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE). For our settings the NRMSE of the shell diameter is approximately equal to the CV, and the NRMSE of the core diameter is approximately half the CV value. The difference results from the fact that the shell diameter has a uniformly distributed probability density whereas the core diameter has a uniformly distributed conditional probability density.
The overall prediction accuracy in this error metric is 13% and 7% for the core diameter and shell diameter, respectively. However, much better prediction results are locally achievable. FIG. 12 & FIG. 13 show the local relative error for each prediction in the test set. White spots 125 indicate relative error magnitudes that exceed 20%. No distinctive trend is obvious from the information displayed in the figure except that the core diameter prediction performs poorly for very small core sizes. On the same line the performance decreases typically for similar sized cores and shells. It was demonstrated numerically that characteristic particle parameters can be reliably retrieved by direct investigation of its holographic interference pattern with the help of a single-layered feed-forward neural network. A simple model for light scattering off WBCs was implemented by studying the digital inline holograms of concentric, transparent spheres in the Mie regime. In this sense important cell parameters such as overall cell size and nucleus size can be predicted. Those cell parameters are significant for classification of different groups of WBCs. Our best simulation results for spheres varying between 6 um and 20 um achieve accuracy of 13% and 7% for the core and shell diameter, respectively.
The neural network boosts real-time application because of its intrinsic parallelism and easy to implement matrix operations. All the training experience of the network is stored in its connection weights and hence, no time-consuming look-up procedure in a dictionary-based solution is necessary.
1. A device for extracting at least one characteristic of an object, comprising:
a light sensor configured for recording at least a section of a hologram of an object, the light sensor consisting of a single row of light recording elements; and
a processing unit coupled to the light sensor and configured for extracting at least one object characteristic from the hologram,
wherein the processing unit is configured for extracting the at least one object characteristic from only a section of the hologram without reconstructing an image representation of the object.
a light sensor configured for recording at least a section of a hologram of an object, the light sensor consisting of two rows of light recording elements intersecting each other thereby forming a cross-shape; and
a light sensor configured for recording at least a section of a hologram of an object, the light sensor comprising optical in-coupling elements for recording the hologram; and
4. The device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the at least one object characteristic comprises at least one of an object size, an object type, an object internal structure, or an object homogeneity.
5. The device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the object is a biological cell and the at least one object characteristic comprises at least one of a size of the cell, a size of a nucleus of the cell, a cell type, a cell internal structure, or a cell homogeneity.
6. The device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the object is a red blood cell, a white blood cell, or a circulating tumor cell and the at least one object characteristic comprises at least one of a size of the cell, a size of a nucleus of the cell, a cell type, a cell internal structure, or a cell homogeneity.
7. The device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the processing unit is a photonic integrated circuit.
8. An in-flow object sorting system, comprising:
at least one fluidic channel for propagating a fluid sample comprising at least one object;
a coherent light source associated with each fluidic channel, positioned to illuminate the object propagating in that fluidic channel;
a device, according to claim 1, 2 or 3, associated with each fluidic channel, positioned to record a section of a hologram of an illuminated object in that fluidic channel; and
a sorter associated with each fluidic channel, coupled to the device and positioned downstream of the device, configured for sorting the illuminated object in the associated fluidic channel.
9. A method for extracting at least one characteristic of an object, the method comprising:
providing a fluid sample comprising an object;
illuminating the object;
recording a hologram of the illuminated object;
extracting at least one characteristic of the object from the recorded hologram; and
sorting the object based on the extracted at least one characteristic of the object,
wherein the extraction of the at least one characteristic of the object is performed using only a section of the recorded hologram, without reconstructing an image representation of the object.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the recording of the hologram comprises recording intensity and phase of light representing the hologram, and wherein the extraction of the at least one characteristic of the object uses the recorded intensity and the recorded phase of light.
11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the object is a biological cell and the at least one object characteristic comprises at least one of a size of the cell, a size of a nucleus of the cell, a cell type, a cell internal structure, or a cell homogeneity.
12. The device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the processing unit comprises a machine learning component calibrated for extracting the at least one object characteristic.
13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the machine learning component comprises an artificial neural network or a support vector machine.
14. The device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein recording the hologram and extracting the at least one object characteristic comprises: receiving light of the hologram and determining the at least one object characteristic using the received light without converting the light into electrical signals.
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20170241891 August 24, 2017 Grier
2 602 608 September 2016 EP
Yevick, Aaron et al., "Machine-Learning Approach to Holographic Particle Characterization", Optics Express, vol. 22, No. 22, Oct. 22, 2014, pp. 26884-26890.
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT International Application No. PCT/EP2016/065068, dated Sep. 14, 2016, 18 pages.
Vercruysse, Dries et al., "Three-Part Differential of Unlabeled Leukocytes With a Compact Lens-Free Imaging Flow Cytometer", Lab on a Chip, vol. 15, No. 4, Jan. 1, 2015, pp. 1123-1132.
Schneider, B. et al., "Using Neural Networks for High-Speed Blood Cell Classification in a Holographic-Microscopy Flow-Cytometry System", Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging, SPIE—International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 9328, Mar. 2, 2015, pp. 93281F-1-93281F-4.
Vandoorne, K., et al., "Experimental Demonstration of Reservoir Computing on a Silicon Photonics Chip", Nature Communications, Mar. 2014, vol. 5(3541), pp. 1-6, DOI:10.1038/ncomms4541.
Assignees: IMEC VZW (Leuven), UNIVERSITEIT GENT (Ghent)
Inventors: Bendix Schneider (Leuven), Peter Bienstman (Ghent), Joni Dambre (Gavere), Geert Vanmeerbeeck (Keerbergen), Liesbet Lagae (Leuven)
Primary Examiner: Roy M Punnoose
Current U.S. Class: Cell Analysis, Classification, Or Counting (382/133)
International Classification: G01N 15/02 (20060101); G03H 1/02 (20060101); G03H 1/04 (20060101); G01N 15/14 (20060101); G01N 15/00 (20060101);


text:
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      ->setViewer($viewer)
      ->withIdentityPHIDs(array($viewer->getPHID()));
    if (!$is_all) {
      $query->withIDs(array($id));
    }

    $current_key = PhabricatorHash::digest(
      $request->getCookie(PhabricatorCookies::COOKIE_SESSION));

    $sessions = $query->execute();
    foreach ($sessions as $key => $session) {
      if ($session->getSessionKey() == $current_key) {
        // Don't terminate the current login session.
        unset($sessions[$key]);
      }
    }

    $panel_uri = '/settings/panel/sessions/';

    if (!$sessions) {
      return $this->newDialog()
        ->setTitle(pht('No Matching Sessions'))
        ->appendParagraph(
          pht('There are no matching sessions to terminate.'))
        ->appendParagraph(
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      $body = pht(
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Info: Full recital by the Anderson & Roe Piano Duo, held in one of Indianapolis' most popular dance clubs. Dance and song-themed program, featuring Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring" and Anderson & Roe's arrangements of Piazzolla's "Libertango," Michael Jackson's "Billie Jean," Coldplay's "Viva la vida," Schubert's "Erlkönig," and more. This will undoubtedly be one of Anderson & Roe's most exciting events of the season, complete with special lighting effects, drinks, and a dance party to follow!


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In Qiren Organisation we place our clients first. The tagline "About People, About You" illustrates our brand's values which strives for strong beliefs and excellence. Moving forward, we envision more involvement in creating an ideal education platform for the long-term benefit of our younger generation.
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Through active collaboration with multiple partners, Qiren Organisation has initiated causes around Health, Education, Fitness, Family Bonding and Rewards. These efforts aim to promote healthy living and development of children's education to ease the parents at the nurturing stage.
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text:
Die evangelisch-lutherische, denkmalgeschützte St.-Dionysius-Kirche steht in Sittensen, einer Gemeinde in der gleichnamigen Samtgemeinde Sittensen im Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme) in Niedersachsen. Die Kirchengemeinde gehört zum Kirchenkreis Bremervörde-Zeven im Sprengel Stade der Evangelisch-lutherischen Landeskirche Hannovers.

Beschreibung
Schon die erste Kirche, die unter Karl dem Großen auf einem alten germanischen Versammlungs- und Opferplatz gebaut wurde, stand unter dem Patrozinium des heiligen Dionysius. Von 1606 bis 1613 wurde die Kirche erneuert. 1679 kam ein erster Kirchturm hinzu, der 1907 abbrannte. Diese Saalkirche aus Backsteinen mit dreiseitigem Abschluss im Osten wurde 1897 durch einen südlichen Querarm erweitert. Durch den späteren Anbau eines Nordflügels ist sie nun kreuzförmig. Der Kirchturm im Westen wurde 1909 erneuert. Er hat eine achtseitige bauchige Haube, auf der ein spitzer Helm sitzt.

Der Innenraum hat an den Längsseiten Emporen und ist mit einem hölzernen Tonnengewölbe überspannt. Das Altarretabel aus der 2. Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts hat ein Bild mit den vier Evangelisten zwischen gewundenen Säulen und ist mit Knorpelwerk verziert. Als Bekrönung befindet sich der Auferstandene zwischen Engeln. Die Kanzel ist von 1606, die Brüstung des Kanzelkorbs ist mit Hermenpilastern versehen. Die Patronatsloge ist aus dem gleichen Jahr. In der Sakristei steht ein Kruzifix aus dem 18. Jahrhundert. Die Orgel mit 29 Registern, verteilt auf zwei Manuale und Pedal, erbaute Paul Ott 1958.

Literatur
 Dehio-Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Bremen, Niedersachsen. Deutscher Kunstverlag, München 1992, ISBN 3-422-03022-0, S. 1208.

Weblinks

 Sittensen im Kirchenkreis Bremervörde-Zeven

Einzelnachweise

Sittensen
Sittensen
Sittensen
Sittensen
Sittensen
Sittensen
Sittensen


HUBER+SUHNER's hybrid cable combine optical fiber and DC power, are highly flexible and easy-to-route. Two rip cords between the shielding and the jacket allows a quick stripping of the jacket. The shielding, a copper foil under the jacket and the drain wire maintain contact throughout the cable run and allow potential equalisation and a safe installation with regard to lightning strikes.


AA Travel Insurance has introduced protection into its insurance policies that accounts for travel agents or airlines going bankrupt in the current financial climate, it has revealed.
The firm's travel insurance policy now includes financial failure holiday protection that offers customers up to £5,000 per person should travel agents or accommodation firms they have booked with fold amid the current recession.
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Chief executive officer of AA Travel Insurance Christian Young said: "Many travellers believe they are fully protected when taking a holiday, either through their insurance, credit card or travel compensation schemes, but the truth is that cover is often incomplete."
One travel firm that fell victim to the recession and called in the administrators last autumn was the airline XL, the collapse of which left thousands of travellers stranded abroad.


text:
Person of interest wanted for punching man in a wheelchair on Metro train, officials say
WASHINGTON - Officials are looking to identify a person of interest for assaulting a man in a wheelchair at a Metro station.
Metro Transit Police say on July 2, a man in a wheelchair was assaulted while riding a Green Line train near the Naylor Road Station in Hillcrest Heights, Maryland.
Officials say the man was riding the train when he saw the suspect cut the seat on a rail car and tried to speak to him. They say the suspect punched the man in the face and spat at him.
The man got off the train at the Naylor Road Station and refused medical attention.
If anyone can identify person of interest, seen in surveillance footage, they are asked to contact Metro Transit Police detectives at (301) 955-5000.
FBI releases photos of suspects wanted in attack on DC cop during Capitol riot


This is a project about the soundtrack of our lives, or our death songs, to put it another way–that is, the song or songs that you would want played at your funeral, memorial, celebration of life, or whatever event you envision your loved ones gathering for.
It's not as morbid a subject as it seems; the responses we've gotten have been surprising, touching, reflective, and sometimes funny. If anything, it's about identity, love, joy, celebration and life more than it's about death. Please read and enjoy.


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text:
This map is bad news for China's economy, good news for America's
By Max Fisher May 1, 2014, 3:30pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: This map is bad news for China's economy, good news for America's
A Chinese autoworker at a plant in Beijing
AFP/AFP/GettyImages
One of the big, giant, world-changing economic trends of the last 20 or 30 years has been the decline of manufacturing in the Western world and its rise in Asia, particularly China. Spoiler alert: that trend is not going away. But it is slowing, and to some extent maybe even reversing a little bit, as China becomes more expensive for manufacturing and the United States becomes cheaper.
That's the takeaway from a new report on global manufacturing competitive, put out by the Boston Consulting Group, which measures the direct costs of manufacturing in the world's 25 biggest exporters of manufactured goods. Here is a map of their "cost index," which assigns a lower score (yellow) to countries where making stuff is cheaper, and a higher score (blue) to countries where it's more expensive:
You'll notice a few things right away. The US is more competitive on manufacturing direct costs than most of Europe — it's slightly cheaper than even Poland — not to mention Canada, South Korea, and Japan. China, which built much of its economic might on ultra-cheap mass manufacturing, is no longer in that cheapest category as it's become more expensive that other Asian countries.
The very most expensive are generally rich countries with strong social safety nets that drive up labor costs — Australia, France, Germany — as well as Brazil, which is having its own economic issues right now. The cheapest are Asia's poorer countries and Mexico.
To be clear, this is just direct costs, such as labor and electricity; it does not account for stuff like different tax rates, the prices of materials, or quality of infrastructure, all of which are really important for companies deciding whether to put that new factory in West Virginia or West Papua. But direct costs do matter. Here's a chart from the Boston Consulting Group report, breaking down the costs. Look, for example, at Taiwan, where rising natural gas prices have made the manufacturing hub less attractive:
The big thing here is labor costs: the US has been able to bring labor costs down by increasing productivity. Our workers are still more expensive than those in other countries, but they're getting more done per person. The US still has a big trade deficit in manufactured goods, but becoming a little bit more competitive is awfully helpful.
Meanwhile, China's workers are getting a lot more expensive. This is happening because China has actually been too successful in attracting multinational companies: the big influx of investment and manufacturing jobs has raised China's overall economy to the point that housing and food and basic staples have become more expensive, which means that worker salaries have gone up, which means that manufacturing is becoming more expensive, which is putting all those jobs at risk.
China's leaders are well aware of this problem and have been trying for years to fix it, but the primary goal is not to keep labor costs down: it's to retool their economy so that it can sustain those higher wages, with a larger middle class that can buy all those Chinese-made goods. It's the right approach for China's economy, but it means that those rising manufacturing costs will probably keep rising.
Companies are aware of this trend as well. Here's how Renaud Anjoran, who blogs from China about manufacturing and outsourcing industries (it's actually a pretty interesting beat), visualized the way that multinational companies are changing their thinking on China:
Renaud Anjoran
In other words, China will stay a big center of global manufacturing — it's still reasonably cheap, it has the infrastructure, it has the roads and the ports, and it has the supply chain. But that is slowly changing, which is why you're going to see more companies shift their manufacturing to other places: ultra-cheap southeast Asia, Mexico (which has raised its productivity significantly), and fingers-crossed maybe even to the United States.
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Once you get back into the work, or start your first job, there are a lot of things about the workplace that can be confusing. This course will help you to understand what employers are looking for from their workers in terms of teamwork and communication skills as well as personal presentation. It will help you to identify the things that you already know and to list things that you feel you may need help with. The course will also help you to find answers to your questions about your rights as an employee. You will be given time during the course to work on things that you would like to improve on.
This course aims to help you prepare for what employers require in the workplace and to know about your rights as an employee. It will help you list things that you can already do well and things that you may need to work on.
List the things I know about my rights as an employee.
List the things I know about teamwork and communication skills.
State things about teamwork and communication skills I need to improve on.
List the things I already know about presentation in the work place.
List the things about personal presentation I need to improve on.