Growing up in the inner-city, Karen Washington dreamed of having her own farm and cultivating many of the traditional foods she enjoyed cooking for her family. In the mid-1980's Karen settled in the Bronx borough of New York and founded a community plot, appropriately named the 'Garden of Happiness'.
What's wrong with the way we eat today in the U.S?
You're starting to see health problems in children: diabetes, obesity – really things that you normally would see in an adult. When they started eating those fast foods, all of a sudden the high blood pressure! People are starting to make that very important connection to the food that they eat and health. And that's major.
As we go forward in this urban agricultural movement, I want to see the future of urban planning that urban agriculture is part of that. It's not only about building buildings but, its building communities and building areas where we can grow food. I'm not saying that in a metropolis that we will be able to grow food for the millions and millions of people. But what we will be able to do is really have a landscape where people will understand where their food comes from, have an opportunity to grow some food and have an opportunity to be cohesive in the movement.
When did you start urban farming and why?
Well, I remember being a little girl maybe 6 or 8 years old, getting up Saturday morning – and before Saturday morning cartoons was the farm report. I used to watch the farm report and I said, "Oooh I want to be a farmer… I wish I grew up on a farm." So, even as a young child I had something inside of me that just got me hooked on farming. And I lived in the projects in the city! Who would have thunk it? That at the age of 56, I'm here as an urban farmer enjoying farming and growing food and really getting that message out. So there's hope for all.


When they came across this five-acre plot of relatively flat land in the outer-Brisbane suburb of Samford — a plot that offered sensational mountain views — the family that now call this property home recognised its incredible potential. They purchased the land and then set about working with designer Kevin Hincksman of Garth Chapman Queenslanders to create their dream home — a modern classic Queenslander.
With its relaxed, Hamptons-influenced styling, the kitchen is the heart of the home. The all-white colour scheme is fresh and inviting and the design is extremely functional — from the large walk-in butler's-style pantry to the window servery that connects with the rear entertaining verandah and overlooks the swimming pool.
The verandahs that wrap around the residence provide an important link to all the interior rooms they adjoin. This is especially true of the light and airy main living area, which is centred between the front and rear verandahs. "The way in which the exterior and interior spaces are interconnected, making is possible to use the spaces in most weather conditions, is an important design feature and one that is integrated into all Garth Chapman homes," says Stephen.
Just as importantly, the verandahs, in conjunction with the well-ventilated roof, make the home more comfortable and eco-friendly. "Shading the home from the summer sun and constantly ventilating the roof space means our homes are significantly cooler and more energy-efficient," explains Stephen. Then there is the aesthetic appeal. "The construction techniques we use are part of the unique Garth Chapman look. Building in the old school way preserves the authentic appearance of the homes," he adds.
The quality of the interior spaces is second to none. The main living area features a beautiful inbuilt fireplace with a TV above and built-in cabinetry either side. The timber flooring throughout all the living areas and hallways is select-grade Roasted Peat timber boards, which are complemented by white-painted timber joinery that gives the country home a casual coastal feel. The large main bedroom is a parents' retreat. Separated from the other bedrooms, it boasts a stunning ensuite with timber-framed mirrors, a large walk-in shower and stone benchtops. For the children, there is a dedicated playroom with a built-in seat/toy box.
A pool and pool house were built to the rear of the home so the family can enjoy resort-style outdoor living. The pool house has a kitchenette, bathroom, bedroom, laundry and living space, making it perfect for entertaining or housing visiting relatives and friends. Definitely a dream come true.


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VIDEO: Watch Kofi Owusu' goal for Chelsea against Ashgold in GPL week 5
Legon Cities donate to Cilia Orphanage Home ahead of Aduana Stars clash
Medeama announce 18-man squad for Dreams FC clash
Sekondi Hasaacas likely eleven for Deportivo showdown
Referees, ticket rates for Hasaacas-Deportivo clash announced
Media Transfers
Western Region Paralegals admonishes to maintain ethics of their work
KY Filla July 16, 2019
A Private Legal Practitioner, Lawyer Clarke Noyoru has admonished members of the Western Region Paralegals to ensure ethics and legal framework of the work are maintained so that the rights of Children would be protected and enhanced.
He gave the advised at a day's workshop at Takoradi to train some 15 selected persons as paralegals in the western region.
The selected persons were from Mpohor, Enchi, Sekondi-Takoradi and Shama districts.
The training is part of the ongoing 3-year project by the Legal Resources Centre with support from European Union that seeks to train paralegals across the country whose mandates are to navigate the child and the family welfare and juvenile justice system while promoting the well-being of children, preventing violence; exploitation and abuse, protecting children from harm and promoting Juvenile Justice.
And it is dubbed, "Justice For Children: Bridging The Gap Between Legislation And Practice".
Mr. Clarke Noyoru who sensitized the participants through the project training manual said as paralegals they are expected to ensure confidentiality in their quest to bring justice to children and also ensure their rights are protected and enhanced.
He again advised the participants to desist from any act that will compromise their work as paralegals so that justice for children and vulnerables who come into conflict with the law would be achieved at the end.
He therefore implored the security agencies to offer the best of maximum collaboration to the paralegals when they come to their offices for information and assistance.
The project as part of its deliverables has its mandate to engage the services of persons known as paralegals, train and empower them to have a deeper understanding of the ethics and legal frameworks to enable them to effectively prevent and protect children from all forms of violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation.
The paralegals were also sensitized on the need to be confidential with information of parties involved in an arbitration or mediation processes.
Within the broader outlook through the country's justice for children system, the project is aimed at ensuring that children who come into conflict with the law are adequately protected and their rights promoted through the necessary interventions.
The paralegals are expected to visit the various state institutions such as Commission on Human Rights And Administrative Justice (CHRAJ), Police, Department of Social Welfare, Immigration, Prisons etc for informations with regard to juveniles protection because these are institutions where children's cases are reported to.
The project has also created a network of lawyers in the former 10 regions of Ghana to provide legal services for children in the law court.
In addition to providing legal services to juveniles in court, the project also seeks to provide legal education or legal services to people who are unable to afford for the services of a lawyer, and this comes in a form of paralegals under the basis of Alternative Disputes Resolution (ADR) mechanism.
The Project Officer of the Legal Resources Centre Enock Jengre on his part cautioned the paralegals to always ensure they work within the mandate of their work in order not to abuse the processes or take the necessary steps which are contrary to the concept of the project.
He advised that as paralegals they do not have the remit to handle cases that are supposed to be adjudicated in the law court. He told them to make sure such cases are referred to the court for proper adjudication whilst following up to know the final determination of the case.
Legal Resources Centre (LRC) is a non-governmental organization with significant community-based grassroots initiatives. It's core mission is to develop human rights within communities where it works to ensure social progress and development using law, justice, development and good governance.
By: Ibrahim Yakubu
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Two motorbike riders crashed to death at Anyinam
UPDATE: 34 dead, others injured in gory accident at Dompoase
SAD NEWS: 2 buses collide at Dompoase; claims many lives
VIDEO: Full speech of Hon. Joseph Mensah at his 'Time with the Community' event
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SEFWI DEBISO: Man beheads his 6-year old son
Sekondi/Takoradi:15-year-old JHS graduate sacked from home for having too much sex
W/R: Students of Takoradi Technical University nab mobile phone thief
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Fayetteville CSIs: The lead-off batters for the Criminal Investigations Division
Fayetteville Police Department CSIs Katherine Bell (left) and Ariel Hall
There are seven members of the Fayetteville Police Department's Criminal Investigations Division (CID). Five are sworn officers. Two are civilians. Together, they solve crimes and help bring criminals to justice.
Within the CID, the five sworn personnel work as detectives. The other two are the City's Crime Scene Investigators (CSIs) Katherine Bell and Ariel Hall, and their mission is to gather as much physical evidence as possible, as quickly and effectively as possible.
"We work closely with the detectives upstairs," said Hall, who along with Bell became the department's first civilian CSI team a little more than a year ago. "We help more in the beginning. A lot of our work happens right after the crime."
Hall explained that those first few hours after a crime happens are the best for collecting evidence, which is why, while they work regular office hours together, they also take turns being on call 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
"Evidence is fragile," Hall said. "It disappears."
While crime scene evidence is being collected, Bell and Hall are escorted by a sworn, armed police officer, and then they take that evidence back to their office at police headquarters. It's their laboratory, and there they can further analyze and catalog the evidence. Whether its looking at suspected drugs under a powerful microscope or using equipment to lift fingerprints, the CSIs use science and the latest technology to make the most of what they found on the scene.
Sometimes their work involves preparing evidence to be sent to the state crime lab.
Beyond crime scenes, Bell and Hall also process information from suicides and any unintended deaths, and back at police headquarters they manage the Evidence and Property Room. At a minimum, items in that room are retained for 90 days. By statute, some items must be kept for 99 years.
What does it take to become a CSI? More and more in recent years, law enforcement agencies are dropping the requirement for CSIs to be sworn officers, but CSI candidates must still complete a rigorous training program that can take up to two years. Bell and Hall were both trained at the Georgia Public Safety Training Center in Forsyth before joining the Fayetteville Police Department in Sept. 2017.


Calvin College is a medium sized, private, four-year university enrolling 3,990 students and offering 87 degrees in Grand Rapids, MI.
Check out the most popular majors and specific degrees students have earned at Calvin College.
Hymn sings in the dorms are unique and well attended.
Do you have questions about furthering your education with Calvin College? People are listening and are ready to help. Plus, we're pretty sure others have the same question you do!


Jesus' disciples argue over who is the greatest, but Jesus doesn't rebuke their desire, he redirects it. He redeems the pursuit of greatness, showing the difference between worldly and godly greatness. True, godly greatness is simply service. Are you selfish or a servant? When we live a life that glorifies God and serves others, we receive joy in this life and eternal rewards in the life to come.


Usman, along with Hasan Minhaj and Dean Obeidallah, is part of a wave of politically charged Muslim comedians, delivering comic relief at a time when Muslims could really use a laugh. Born and bred in Chicago, Usman ditched his law career to pursue stand-up comedy full-time in 2004 and has toured the globe, opening shows for Dave Chappelle and Russell Peters. He's figured out the recipe for timely racial, philosophical, and religious issues and delivers a well-baked brand of comedy.
In his latest project, Ultra American: A Patriot Act, Usman jokes about Trump, getting mistaken for a terrorist, and his Muslim American Indian identity. The show debuted in September in Chicago with plans to tour New York and Los Angeles. Originally dubbed Un-American, Usman re-branded his show after a pep talk with comedian Katt Williams, who called him "Ultra-American," shifting Usman's perception of his identity.
Usman wasn't always killing the comedy game. Not satisfied with his original "squeaky clean" brand of humor that catered to a mostly Muslim audience (like a bit imitating different ways Muslims pronounce "salaam" according to their race), Usman considered quitting comedy in 2010.
It primed him for Ultra American: A Patriot Act, the culmination of his career. Weeks before he took the stage, Usman had a near-death experience—he was hit by a Ford Escape while crossing the street on his way to a comedy club. He didn't let his multiple facial fractures and knee injury from the crash interfere with his eighteen-show run. Instead, he felt a "renewed sense of urgency" to make people laugh.
Awesome article Zeenie! Well written and so nice to read something positive and fun about Muslim Americans!


Water Witch was built at the Washington Navy Yard in 1852 and served in the United States Navy in home and foreign waters until 1860 when she was forced home by yellow fever and laid up at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. Recommissioned there on 10 April 1860, she sailed for southern waters. On 3 June 1864 she was captured in Ossabaw Sound, Ga., in a daring boat boarding attack led by Lt. Thomas P. Pelot, who gave his life in the action.
She was taken into the Confederate States Navy, retained her original name, and was placed under the command of Lt. W. W. Games, CSN. It was planned to take her to Savannah, Ga., for a special assignment but she remained at White Bluff, Ga., until 19 December 1864, when she was burned to prevent capture.


*Curioso/a para saber mais de mim?
* Noite de sexta 21 Nov.
*Quem me está a ver agora?
Noite de sexta 21 Nov.
Agora mudei/talvez mude para sempre.
As coisas são assim mesmo.
"Hey What you lookin' for?
This could be the first day of my life"
Will I find solutions in the arms of love?
Will it stop me searching ?
Is the first the time to walk away from pain"


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Chapter 1: Going Green in the Data Center
Outlook 2010 IT skills checklist: The vertical climb
6 ways to attract and retain female IT talent
Data Center Explorer
By Andy Patrizio, Network World |
Andy Patrizio is a freelance technology writer based in Orange County, California. He's written for a variety of publications, ranging from Tom's Guide to Wired to Dr. Dobbs Journal.
Data center staff are aging faster than the equipment
Data center staff are getting older on average, and women show no interest in the job, according to a recent Uptime Institute survey.
What is rapidly aging and largely male? If you said the heavy metal music scene, you wouldn't be wrong (c'est moi), but that's not the answer in this instance. It's data center staffing.
In its recent report on data center efficiency, Uptime Institute focused primarily on outages and the improvement in power efficiency, but there were other interesting findings, such as this:
Data center staff are getting older on average, and women show no interest in the job.
[ Now read: 20 hot jobs ambitious IT pros should shoot for ]
New skills needed for hybrid IT environments
According to the report, there is a growing need for new skills in an increasingly hybrid IT environment. New skills, such as overseeing and managing SLAs for off-premises workloads, are needed, but people don't have them. Just 35 percent of survey respondents reported that they did not have any of the hiring or staffing issues identified by Uptime.
The leading area of expertise that is particularly critical and yet difficult to hire for is operations and management, according to more than 50 percent of respondents. Finding people who have adequate skills in security, networking, electrical engineering, and cloud skills is also an issue.
Across all respondents, 17 percent said they are having difficulty retaining staff because they are being hired away. There has been intense hiring by hyperscale cloud and internet operators, as well as large colocation providers.
Lack of young people and women
What's really of interest is what's not coming in: young people and women. More than half (56 percent) of respondents in the survey had more than 20 years' work experience. Only 5 percent were new to the industry, with fewer than five years' experience.
The survey also found women make up less than 6 percent of the workforce at most data centers, but that was not seen as a problem by 70 percent of the respondents.
Rhonda Ascierto, vice president of Uptime Institute Research, said the survey sample did focus on managers (with some engineers), who tend to have longer industry tenures, "but this is still a smaller portion than we had anticipated."
As for the lack of women in data centers, people attributed it to the tendency of organizations to hire entry-level staff from the military or trade school, whereas the other IT professions require college degrees and that pool will have more women than the other non-degree programs.
Women, she notes, fare better in other areas of tech. They make up 12 percent of engineering, 20 percent of IT management, and 34 percent of web developers.
"Additionally, labor shortages, which will drive up costs, is a real and underestimated risk. This is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the world, and even large operators, with their attractive salaries and career opportunities, can struggle to fill open positions," Ascierto said. "And yet the industry is effectively ignoring 50 percent of the population. There is growing consensus among data center industry leaders and elsewhere that the future success of the data center business will depend on building a diverse workforce."
Skills and vertical industries are in flux. Many enterprises are cutting data center staff as they reduce their data center investment. Meanwhile, the colocation and cloud computing organizations are struggling to find candidates for open jobs and those who are hired have to learn new skills for the hybrid cloud world.
"Change is stressful, but it's shaking out," Ascierto said.
Operators that are seeing success in their staffing strategies tend to focus on staff training, including cross-training existing personnel for both IT and facilities skills, which is essentially merging the two roles into a single generalist position.
"This has proven particularly attractive in organizations with a stated cloud-first strategy, which can leave internal staff feeling uncertain about their long-term future," Ascierto said.
Andy Patrizio is a freelance journalist based in southern California who has covered the computer industry for 20 years and has built every x86 PC he's ever owned, laptops not included.


Design cute outfits or accessories for your little one, using the Nursery Flannel Fabric 42"-Giraffe Pair. This soft fabric is made of 100% cotton and features a charming pattern of giraffe pairs with playful dots against a light colored background. Use this baby flannel fabric to make quilts, blankets, burp rags, bibs, and lots more. Get creative and craft soft books, rattle blocks or cute teepees with this nursery fabric.
Design charming DIY baby projects with this flannel fabric. Browse JOANN for printed nursery fabric collections.


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Report: Consumers say tech companies can do better on privacy and more
A recent survey reveals squishy numbers for tech companies looking to earn consumer trust and loyalty. Experts from AT&T and more share how this impacts the PR industry.
By Beki Winchel
@bekiweki
The communications landscape is becoming ever more digital—and rife with potential pitfalls.
A recent FleishmanHillard report about reputation management and technology highlights the struggle to maintain consumers' trust amid data breaches, privacy concerns on social media platforms, and increased hate speech online.
FleishmanHillard reported that though 82% of consumers in the United States generally trust technology companies, younger consumers are growing increasingly more skeptical: More than a quarter (26%) of Gen Z and 22% of millennials said they have less trust in these companies.
Called "techlash," this scrutiny and criticism has thrust several social media platforms and other tech companies, such as Uber, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Google in the spotlight. Headlines have also circulated questioning how much these companies are regulated.
Though almost 60% of consumers in the United Kingdom think that technology companies are currently regulated the right amount, just over half of U.S. consumers (54%) believe the same about tech companies in the U.S., with 31% saying they should have more regulations.
[RELATED: Deliver powerful leadership messaging in a digital landscape]
Some tech companies, such as Facebook, have already spoken out in support of increased regulation.
In March, Facebook founder and chief executive officer, Mark Zuckerberg, wrote in a blog post:
… [T]here's also an opportunity to build a simpler platform that's focused on privacy first.
I understand that many people don't think Facebook can or would even want to build this kind of privacy-focused platform — because frankly we don't currently have a strong reputation for building privacy protective services, and we've historically focused on tools for more open sharing. But we've repeatedly shown that we can evolve to build the services that people really want, including in private messaging and stories.
I believe the future of communication will increasingly shift to private, encrypted services where people can be confident what they say to each other stays secure and their messages and content won't stick around forever. This is the future I hope we will help bring about.
Addressing consumers' privacy and data collection concerns early and transparently can put you in a better position for engaging with stakeholders. It can also help you more easily respond to future regulations.
"Whether you are a member of the 'big tech' fraternity or just a company deploying emerging technologies as part of your business model, it makes no sense to sit back and wait for regulations that may or may not come," said David Sapid, U.S. advisory risk and regulatory leader for PricewaterhouseCoopers.
Sapid said:
It is imperative for companies to build trust with consumers now as they are developing and deploying technological innovations. The companies that are going to be successful must grow responsibly and innovate responsibly, and most importantly, they need to differentiate how they manage their trust relationship with customers.
Users' data collection and privacy aren't consumers' only area of concern, though.
More than 75% of respondents said that technology companies should take more action to address the consequences of their policies and practices—including the platform or product.
Most recently, YouTube has come under criticism for how it enforces its harassment policy and Twitter has also struggled to define and enforce its user policies as it grapples with free speech concerns amid growing harassment and hate speech.
Resolving these complex issues won't be easy, especially as social media platforms and other technology companies seek to find solutions that won't alienate users.
How 'techlash' affects your communications
You don't have to work for a technology company to be affected by consumers' technology skepticism, either.
For example, more than 80% of consumers say that data protection and security is "very important"—and U.S. consumers said it's more important than health care and freedom of speech.
As more organizations are affected by data breaches and security leaks, it's more important than ever before to prepare for a potential crisis well ahead of time. It's also crucial to relay information and outline a plan for solutions as quickly as possible, following the aftermath of a cybersecurity crisis.
Larry Solomon, chief communications officer at AT&T said:
… People want to do business with brands they can trust with their data. That requires companies be very transparent about their policies, make them easy to understand, give consumers choices on how data is used and above all — keep it secure.
As more organizations harness the data made available by social media platforms and services that gather metrics, it's also crucial to remember that the numbers correlate with people.
Don't lose sight of your audience, lest you also lose the important human connection in your content and messaging.
Natasha Kennedy, global managing director of FleishmanHillard's TRUE Global Intelligence group, said:
Companies are discovering that they can become more empathetic through internal reflection and a commitment to more empathetic leadership, which can filter down into the corporate culture and economic model. Hyatt Hotels is an example of this. The CEO, Mark Hoplamazian, pointed out in a Hotel News interview that by focusing the company's culture on empathy, care and understanding, it has created a foundation that drives everything else, from Hyatt's acquisition strategy to its branding strategies and employee training. While Hyatt has a service profit chain model, it is driven by technology (and insightful research) to understand its customers and employees and deliver an authentic and empathetic experience based on that insight.
You can help bolster your reputation—no matter your organization or industry—by making your leaders available to your stakeholders.
Often, this can be accomplished through social media strategies, such as having leaders tweet insights and announcements or by sharing through interviews on LinkedIn.
Whatever channel you use, ensure your leaders' voices come across loud and clear—and often.
Cam Gordon, head of communications for Twitter Canada, said:
From a reputation perspective, this starts at the executive level. The modern tech leader needs to be present and available to his or her audiences. The media is part of that equation but, increasingly, tech leaders also need to maintain active dialogue with stakeholders at all levels. This includes policymakers, educators, investors and, most importantly, the everyday end user of the products and services being offered.
… It's the job of communication professionals to ensure that these messages are being transmitted clearly and with regularity. What's essential is that we don't just hear these voices when something new is being launched or something established is breaking down. The pulse of the voices should be steady. The tone should be real.
How are you working to increase stakeholder trust as technological innovations—and struggles—abound?
Topics: Branding, Crisis Communications, Executive Communication, External Communications, PR, Social Media
93% of reporters visit online newsrooms, Ford's sly emoji pitch, and FaceApp defends privacy
Tags: AT&T, Facebook, FleishmanHillard, privacy, report, reputation management, survey, tech industry, techlash, trust


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CalArts Graphic Design Program Featured in Idea Magazine
IDEA360_cover
Cover of Idea Magazine, August 2013
Ed Fella Spread
Spread from 'Suburban Lawns--CalArts Past and Present' in 'Idea Magazine.' | Image courtesy of Ian Lynam.
Poster Spread
Theses Pages
T-Shirt Show
CalArts is the focus of Idea Magazine's feature "Suburban Lawns—A Look at CalArts Past and Present," published in August.
The Japan-based design magazine's editor-in-chief, Kiyonori Muroga, along with CalArts alumnus Ian Lynam (Art MFA 04), held workshops on campus with students in the Graphic Design Program last Spring, and produced a 96-page documentation of CalArts—and the work of its students, faculty and staff. The project was made possible by an Intercultural Arts Project Committee (ICAP) Grant.
In Lynam's introduction to the piece, he notes that CalArts' location in the suburbs and its inter-metiér space makes it a great place to learn design:
Culturally, the town is a bit of a dead zone—the rows and rows of cookie-cutter houses have appeared in short films by Mike Mills and the opening sequence for the American television program Weeds for their stultifying sameness… To be frank, it's a boring place. This is true of most locations for graduate graphic design programs in America. The lack of action makes for a perfect place of study—the CalArts campus is pastoral, surrounded by green hilly lawns.
Host to departments in music, theater, writing, animation, experimental animation, dance, photography, film and fine art, it is not unusual to see evidence of each program daily as a design student. The lilting sound of a full gamelan drifts by the MFA graphic design studios near-daily, full concerts are held in a new theater building behind the BFA4 studios, dancers plié alongside you as you sip coffee in the school cafe, and the occasional Hollywood actor or director stands in line behind you at the school cafeteria.
The feature is composed of a large number of student and alumni-written articles with Japanese translations by Yui Okuda and Mariko Otabe. Interspersed through the text are selected pieces from the Graphic Design Program's the large body of work including catalogs, books, posters, installations and exhibit designs. The result is an almost microscopic consideration of CalArts' Graphic Design Program, which is fitting, given that one of the goals of the feature is to present the program as a model for graphic design education in Japan.
Course descriptions and class output are given space in the piece. Visiting faculty Mark Owens' Hauntology course syllabus is presented, followed by Benjamin Woodlock's (Art MFA 13) Utopique, his final project for the course. Also included are theses samples, with Jens Gehlhaar's (Art MFA 97) The Compendium Project lauded as "one of the most comprehensive and thorough theses that CalArts has produced to date."
Profiles of current and former CalArts graphic design faculty, including Graphic Design Program co-directors Michael Worthington and Scott Zukowski, Brian Roettinger (Art BFA 04), Stuart Smith (Art MFA 02), Jeffery Keedy and Lorraine Wild, are in the spread as well as works by Caryn Aono, Louise Sandhaus (Art MFA 94) and Gail Swanlund (Art MFA 92).
A special spread is dedicated to posters for Ed Fella's last lecture at CalArts prior to his retirement into "exit-level" teaching, along with a heartfelt personal essay by one of his former students, Silas Munro (Art MFA 08):
His presence in the studio—his limbic presence—the bodily expression of working alongside him will be with me and with all his CalArtians long after he leaves the studio….
Ed's studio will remain forever closed and open—'clopen.' Even after it's gone. His energy will live on in his work, and the work of his students. It will take form in the hearts of all he has touched, touches now, and will continue to touch.
CalArts' poster culture is also thoroughly discussed, with a special mention of Mary Kim Harmon's (Art MFA 12) Beyond the Medium, a graphic design project that took the poster beyond the walls and into the realm of architectural intervention. Other aspects of the CalArts graphic design (and institute) culture are extrapolated upon, such as the zine RRR, the CalArts T-Shirt Show and CalArts Collage Association.
Read more on how to purchase Idea Magazine Issue 360 from Japan.
Posted September 13, 2013 by Soleil David
Categories: Art, Design
Tags: Banjamin Woodlock, Brian Roettinger, CACA, Ed Fella, faculty, Graphic Design, Ian Lynam, Idea Magazine, Jeffery Keedy, Jens Gehlhaar, Lorraine Wild, Mark Owens, Mary Kim Harmon, Michael Worthington, RRR, Scott Zukowski, Silas Munro, Stuart Smith, T-shirt show
Ian Lynam // September 13th, 2013 //
Idea #360 is available here:
http://wordshape.com/idea360/
The link above contains outdated US distributor info.


School has almost started and it's time for students to reclaim their brains from the drudgery of summer jobs and late night festivities. "Reclaiming Your Brain" is a scholarship opportunity to help with just that. It challenges students to memorize Bible scripture and recite it in the style of a traditional spelling bee.
Students who participate will be eligible for three scholarship awards to be used at Southwestern Adventist University. The scholarship for firstplace is $20,000, secondplace is $10,000 and thirdplace is $5,000, all made available courtesy of an anonymous donor. While the scholarship is important, the donor hopes to give away much more than just money.
"Looking back on my life, I have come to realize that Bible study is the foundation of all that God has done in my life," he says. "Even though there are only three temporal awards, everyone wins when they put God's word in their hearts; both now and for eternity," says the donor.
Students compete by reciting Bible verses word for word. This year's theme is the Sermon on the Mount. Contestants will be asked to write out or recite Matthew 5, 6 and 7 along with Proverbs 3 from the NIV translation. There are several editions of the NIV, so Southwestern will provide a list of the correct version on its website.
Competitors will also have to study two Bible books. Questions will be asked to challenge the contestants' understanding of the principles and concepts presented in these books.
A series of qualifying rounds will take place before the "Reclaiming Your Brain" final. Qualifying rounds will be held at Southwestern Adventist University as well as at different academies throughout the Southwestern Union. If a contestant can't attend a qualifying round, they may ask their pastor to contact Southwestern Campus Ministries about how to be a proctor.
The first qualifying round is in November. Contestants will be asked to write out Matthew 5. At the second round in January, contestants will write Matthew 5 and 6. Additional rounds will be determined based on the number of contestants that register. The finals will be held at Southwestern in April.
Registration is online at Southwestern Adventist University's website and will cost $10. For those who come to the finals there will be an additional fee of $50 paid to Southwestern for hosting expense.


Good Morning friends! Happy Tuesday! It's Soup Kitchen day today and I want to get a bike ride in so I have a QUICK post to share with you this morning!
This is the final card we made at my July workshop! I created this card using the Swirly Bird stamp set. I stamped the image in Tempting Turquoise and Pacific Point and added a button in the center with a piece of Baker's Twine tied in a knot and threads separated. The sentiment is from the Birthday Banners stamp set and is stamped in Tempting Turquoise. The Whisper White cardstock that I stamped the pinwheel on is 3" X 3" and the Tempting Turquoise mat is 3 1/4" X 3 1/4". It's a simple and cute card...with so many possibilities! Think of the colors you can use...how 'bout multiple pinwheels!
This is a SUPER FUN set...I'll be showcasing it more...I'm CERTAIN!
I really needed this verse today...yesterday was a really tough day!
I hope it encourages you as it does me!
I really needed this verse today...yesterday was a really tough day! I hope it encourages you as it does me!


I received free products from Buddy Fruits for the purpose of review, all opinions are my own.
I am very pleased to share that Buddy Fruits was nice enough to let me share my families take on their products. I noticed on their Facebook Page that their products are sold at Publix, Winn Dixie, and Piggly Wiggly just to name a few. But I know they are also sold at Kroger (the pouches are only $1!) and you can also get them as an alternative to waffle fries in kid's meals at Chik-fil-A.
My daughter is 18 months old and we are constantly on the go. I am always looking for healthy, on-the-go snacks for her. When I first came across the Buddy Fruits brand, my husband mentioned that I should buy them to let her try since they are at such a great value.
My daughter is a picky eater and goes through stages where her once favorite item is now her least favorite. We had bought some pouched fruits before (never the Buddy Fruits brand) and she was becoming very finicky about them.
Since Buddy Fruits is a relatively new product on the market, they sent me samples to test. And boy did they deliver!
I have actually never seen the pure fruit bites before. So I was definitely excited to get my daughter (and my friend's little girl) to try them out.
The first thing they tested were the Blended Fruit & Milk peach flavor pouches. I was skeptical as my daughter has never been a huge fan of peach. But as you can see they both sucked the pouch dry! It's made with 100% pure fruits and skim milk. And one pouch equals a WHOLE serving of fruit! I feel complete knowing I am giving my daughter such a healthy snack.
I really like this concept for the pouches. My daughter is pretty picky too, even at 4 years old, and I think that this would be a great way to get her some fruit into her system without realizing that it's nutritious for her! Glad to hear that the product worked out well! I am going to have to look for these and try them.


text:
Is content validation the next growth industry?
In this era of disinformation, dissembling, and deepfakes, emerging technologies that restore our trust in online content could make for booming new businesses.
[Animation: Andrey_A/iStock; Dieter_G/Pixabay]
By Ryan Holmes 6 minute Read
By now, you've probably seen the fake video of Barack Obama calling Donald Trump "a total and complete dipshit." The voice may not be exactly right, but the clip—which took a team of video pros at BuzzFeed 56 hours to create—vividly illustrates the nascent threat of deepfakes, i.e. digitally altered videos that can pretty much make anyone say anything.
Deepfake technology is already being used to insert celebrity faces into pornography, and it's not hard to see dangerous implications for politics. Putting false statements into the mouths of state actors could easily spur an international controversy, a stock market panic, or even an outright war. Far from science fiction, the threat is so real that DARPA, the U.S. defense agency responsible for emerging military technology, has already assembled an official media forensics lab to sniff out fakes.
Adulterated videos, of course, aren't the only threat on the fake news front. The 2016 U.S. presidential election offered a convincing illustration of the power of plain old fake headlines and news stories, spread on social media, to sway the course of world events. Since then, we've grown accustomed to second-guessing, and occasionally falling for, dubious stories spread on our feeds. (It doesn't help that real journalism is now being conflated by some politicians with fake news.) In the end, we're left deeply uncertain who and what to trust—if anything at all.
Social media sits at the crux of many of these challenges. It's the primary place people get their news these days and, sadly, one of the places most vulnerable to manipulation. As someone who has built a career in social media, I find this alarming. I have tremendous faith in the power of social channels to create connection and open up dialogue. Networks like Facebook and Twitter have become part of the plumbing of the internet and aren't going away. But the spread of fake content—not just wacky, easily dismissed conspiracy theories but convincing videos capable of making experts do a double take—is a growing threat.
How do we restore trust and confidence in online content in this climate? To me, the way forward isn't just an algorithm tweak or a new set of regulations. This challenge is far too complex for that. We're talking, at root, about faith in what we see and hear online, about trusting the raw data that informs the decisions of individuals, companies, and whole countries. The time for a Band-Aid fix has long passed. Instead, we may be talking about the digital era's next growth industry: content validation.
The burgeoning content validation industry
Interestingly, we're already seeing a flurry of activity in this arena, as the arms race between fakers and detectives accelerates. The Deepfake phenomenon, in particular, has inspired a growing technological response, outlined recently by Axios's Kaveh Waddell. The startup Truepic, which has just attracted more than $10 million in funding from the likes of Reuters, has set its sights on sniffing out details like eye reflectivity and hair placement, which are nearly impossible to fake across the thousands of frames in a video. Gfycat, the gif-hosting platform, uses AI-powered tools that check for anomalies to identify and pull down offending clips on its site.
On the academic and research front, scientists at Los Alamos are building algorithms that hunt out repeated visual elements, a telltale sign of video manipulation, while SUNY Albany researchers have developed a system that monitors video blinking patterns. DARPA and its media forensics team, meanwhile, look for inconsistencies in lighting on AI-generated faces.
Trickier still, however, is flagging fake and biased text-based news stories—the kind of content that's easy to make and likeliest to find its ways into our social streams. There's little technical trickery required here, just an old-fashioned ability to tell convincing lies and use language to manipulate readers' own biases and emotions. Perhaps for that reason, these fake stories seem to avoid machine detection and often require direct human intervention to suss out.
Facebook, for all its technical sophistication, has resorted to partnering with a growing army of human fact checkers to vet content on its platform in the wake of Cambridge Analytica and the 2016 election crises. Posts flagged as false by users (or by machine learning) are forwarded on to one of 25 fact-checking partners in 14 countries, including the likes of the Associated Press, PolitiFact, and Snopes. Content deemed false is, in turn, demoted by Facebook, which pushes it lower in the news feed, evidently reducing future views by more than 80%.
This manual, piecemeal approach admittedly leaves a lot to be desired: Standards vary by fact-checking organization, and even patently fake stories may go viral before Facebook has a chance to demote them. Plus, the sheer scale frustrates human intervention: Every 60 seconds on Facebook, 510,000 comments are posted and 136,000 photos are uploaded, according to one estimate. It's little wonder there aren't enough fact-checkers to review all false claims.
The future of trust
Is there a better way to address this problem? There has to be. Will it be easy? Nope. And this is where ingenuity and market opportunity need to come together. For instance, can we find a way to leverage domain authority–the search engine ranking scores that serve as a rough proxy for "trustworthiness"—in vetting content shared on social media? (An outlet like the New York Times, for instance, which has a domain authority of 99/100, would be ranked as highly trusted.) This approach is scalable but, admittedly, far from perfect, since domain authority is rooted largely in linkbacks rather than factual correctness.
Or could we take a cue from HTTPS protocol? The trusted lock symbol next to the address bar on our browsers offers instant assurance that sites we're visiting—like banks or online stores—are secure and our sensitive data is safe. It's not hard to imagine how useful this concept would be in the world of content: I'm picturing a nifty little badge on videos, photos, and stories that have been verified as true and factually correct, not fakes. The challenge is that HTTPS is merely an assurance of encryption. Vouching for data accuracy is a thornier issue altogether and far more complex from a technical and human standpoint.
What about blockchain? The idea of an immutable ledger stored in the cloud, tracing the origin of all content to its source, definitely sounds appealing. Users could compare versions of videos or images to check for modifications, and watermarks would serve as a badge of quality. (Indeed, this is largely the idea behind the Truepic app.) But here, too, the question is whether this can be applied to text-based content, where the intent to deceive leaves fewer technical traces.
Ultimately, comprehensive content validation is far easier to imagine than to pull off in real life. Once upon a time, we had a pretty great system for this—it was called journalism. For all of their limits and flaws, news outlets aspired to certain standards of accuracy, and professionals dedicated their lives to upholding them. The internet and social media have eroded the role of traditional editorial gatekeepers. Anyone can create news now. Anyone can spread false information. Anyone can cast aspersions. And as sophisticated new tools proliferate, almost anyone can can create a convincing fake reality.
But I remain optimistic. The backbone of the digital economy—which, increasingly, is the only economy—is information exchange. When that information loses its validity, that's a huge problem… and a huge market opportunity. Content validation is a void waiting to be filled, and it may just represent one of the next great digital waves.
Ryan Holmes is the CEO of Hootsuite, a social media management system with more than 10 million users. A college dropout, he started a paintball company and pizza restaurant before founding Invoke Media, the company that developed Hootsuite in 2009. Today, Holmes is an authority on the social business revolution, quoted in The New York Times and Wall Street Journal and called upon to speak at TEDx and SXSW Interactive Conferences


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FDA Proposes Individual Risk Assessment for Blood Donations, While Continuing to Safeguard U.S. Blood Supply
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text:
\section{Introduction}
Much attention has been paid to the investigation
of particle-laden turbulence in the past decades.
The behaviors of tracer and inertial particles in incompressible turbulence
have been studied extensively,  as for diffusion,
collision and  preferential concentration
\citep{jullien1999richardson, ott2000experimental,
boffetta2002relative, boffetta2002statistics,
wang1998collision, zhou1998collision, yamamoto2001large,
sommerfeld2001validation, vance2006properties,
onishi2014collision, maxey1987gravitational,
falkovich2002acceleration, wilkinson2006caustic,
chun2005clustering, goto2008sweep, coleman2009unified,
bragg2015mechanisms, bragg2015relationship}.
However, there have been much less study
of compressible particle-laden turbulence,
which are important to understand
flow in different domains as, e.g., scramjets
{\citep{ferri1973mixing,curran1996fluid,
huete2016weak,urzay2018supersonic}} and the motion of interstellar gas
\citep{barth2007trams,johansen2007rapid,pan2011turbulent}.
In this paper, we will focus mainly on the acceleration statistics
of tracer and light particles dispersed in Compressible Homogeneous and Isotropic Turbulence  (CHIT), an idealized set-up
which could be helpful to the investigation on cavitating flow
with clouds of bubbles \citep{reisman1998observations,
wang1999numerical,fuster2011modelling}.

Investigation of particle acceleration in turbulence
has attracted much attention in the last 20 years.
Following the ``K41'' theory \citep{kolmogorov1941dissipation,
kolmogorov1941local}, the Heisenberg-Yaglom model
was proposed to predict the variance of fluid acceleration
in homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT)
\citep{heisenberg1985statistischen, yaglom1949acceleration}:
$$\langle \textbf{\emph{a}}^2 \rangle = a_0 \varepsilon^{3/2} \nu^{-1/2}.$$
Here $\textbf{\emph{a}}$ is the acceleration vector,
$\langle \cdot \rangle$ represents the ensemble average,
$a_0$ is a universal constant, which was further found
to have an anomalous dependency on the Taylor microscale Reynolds number,
$R_{\lambda}$, owing to the turbulent intermittency
\citep{yeung1989lagrangian,voth1998lagrangian,vedula1999similarity,
gotoh1999intermittency,biferale2004multifractal}.
$\varepsilon=2\nu \langle S_{ij}S_{ij} \rangle$
is the average dissipation rate,
$S_{ij}$ is the rate-of-strain tensor,
and $\nu$ is the kinematic viscosity.
\citet{yeung1989lagrangian} numerically found that in HIT  for fluid particles,
the zero-crossing time ($\tau_0$, the time in which
the autocorrelation function deceases to 0)
of acceleration components is around $2.2$ times Kolmogorov timescale
($\tau_{\eta}$).
Moreover, the ratio of $\tau_0$ to $\tau_{\eta}$
barely varies with Reynolds number, which is supported
by later investigations \citep{yeung1997one, voth1998lagrangian,
mordant2004three, biferale2005joint, volk2008acceleration}.
Subsequently, \citet{yeung1997one} discovered
that $\tau_0$ of the acceleration magnitude
is much larger than $\tau_{\eta}$.
According to the momentum equation,
the contribution to fluid acceleration
can be decomposed into two parts:
pressure gradient term and viscous force term.
\citet{vedula1999similarity} pointed out that
the contribution of pressure gradient term is dominant over
that of viscous force in turbulence.
\citet{la2001fluid} experimentally confirmed that
the acceleration of fluid particles is extremely intermittent
in fully developed turbulence.
The probability density function (PDF) of acceleration components
is well reproduced by a superposition of stretched exponentials
\citep{biferale2004multifractal} and the flatness factor of any component,
$F_a = \langle (a_i)^4 \rangle/ \langle (a_i)^2 \rangle^2 $, with $i=1,2,3$,
can exceed 60 when $R_{\lambda}$ is up to 500.
{Later on, many investigations on tracer particle acceleration
in incompressible flows have been carried out
\citep{voth2002measurement,mordant2004three,xu2007acceleration,
lavezzo2010role,ni2012lagrangian,stelzenmuller2017lagrangian}.}

Apart from tracer particles, the acceleration of inertial particles
(both heavy and light particles) in incompressible turbulent flows
also attracted much attention.
\citet{bec2006acceleration} systematically studied
the acceleration statistics of heavy particles in fully developed HIT.
They pointed out that the flatness factor and the root-mean square value
of  particle accelerations both sharply decrease
with the increase of the Stokes number, $\mathrm{St} = \tau_p/\tau_\eta$,
given by the ratio of particle response time and the Kolmogorov flow time.
This is a combined effect of preferential concentration on
 regions with small pressure gradient and filtering due to inertia.
Later on, \citet{ayyalasomayajula2006lagrangian,ayyalasomayajula2008modeling}
proposed a vortex model to describe the selective sampling
of turbulent flows and filtering effects.
On the contrary, it is known that in HIT light particles enjoys the opposite behaviour,
with a strong preferential concentration on high vorticity regions,
with a PDF of the acceleration even more intermittent than the tracer case
and - in some cases - with longer correlation times when normalized by $\tau_{\eta}$
\citep{volk2008acceleration,volk2008laser}.
Recently, \citet{zhang2019model} proposed a theoretical model
which successfully predicts the variance of light particles acceleration
with different density ratios when St is small
(e.g. less than 1.0), as well as the dependence of
drag force and inertia force on St.

In recent years, developments of experimental
and numerical techniques prompted a new interest
on Lagrangian properties in compressible flows too
\citep{yang2013acceleration, yang2014interactions,
yang2016intermittency,zhang2016preferential,
zhang2018single,dai2017direct,dai2018direct,
xiao2020eulerian}.
\citet{yang2013acceleration} investigated the accelerations
of tracer particles in CHIT.
They found shocklets substantially increase the probability
of extremely large-acceleration events.
Moreover, almost all the large-acceleration events
come from compression regions.
Besides, the autocorrelation function of acceleration components
near shocklets decreases much faster than that near vortices.
Subsequently, \citet{yang2014interactions} studied
the influence of shocklets on inertial particles at $M_t \approx 1.0$.
They discovered that the PDF of the longitudinal acceleration
of light particles in compression regions
has a much wider tail at the positive value
than that of tracer and heavy particles.
It results from the fact that light particles
in compression regions have a higher probability
to develop a velocity pointing upstream (the low pressure side),
compared with tracer and heavy particles.
Recently, \citet{haugen2021spectral} studied the clustering of heavy particles
in two different compressible isotropic flows: compressively forced turbulence
and solenoidally forced turbulence.
They found that the clustering of particles in compressively forced turbulence
peaks at two different St.
The first peak (at lower St) results from the contribution of shocklets
and the other is attributed to the centrifugal sling effect.

In this paper,  we present a systematic investigation
of light particles accelerations statistics at high Reynolds numbers
and at changing the degree of compressibility, i.e. the turbulent Mach number
and the results will be compared with those of tracer particles.
In particular, we are interested to characterize the role played
by the presence of shocklets at changing $M_t$
concerning both the single time PDF of bubbles acceleration
and its temporal correlation.
One of the main result, is the identification of a {\it critical} Mach number,
$M_t \sim 0.6$ where the statistics of light particles
strongly departs from the one of tracers.
The outline of the paper is as follow: the numerical details are introduced
in Section \ref{sec:simulationconfiguration}.
The more important results and analysis are described in Section
\ref{sec:resultsandanalysis}.
Finally, a brief conclusion and discussion will be given in Section
\ref{sec:ConclusionandDiscussion}.

\section{Simulation configuration}\label{sec:simulationconfiguration}
The three-dimensional CHIT was simulated
in a periodic cubic box with each side length of $2\pi$,
based on a hybrid scheme \citep{wang2010hybrid}
which combines the seventh-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory
(WENO) scheme and eighth-order compact central finite difference scheme.
The dimensionless governing equations of compressible turbulent flow are shown below:
\begin{equation}
 \label{Eq4:mass} \frac{\partial \rho_f}{\partial t}+\nabla \cdot \left(\rho_f \textbf{\emph{u}} \right) =0
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
 \label{Eq4:momentum} \frac{\partial \rho_f \textbf{\emph{u}}}{\partial t}+\nabla\cdot\left(\rho_f \textbf{\emph{u}} \textbf{\emph{u}}\right)=-\nabla \left(\frac{p}{\gamma M^2}\right)+\frac{1}{\mathrm{Re}} \nabla\cdot \boldsymbol{\sigma} +\textbf{\emph{f}}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
 \label{Eq4:energy} \frac{\partial \mathcal{E}}{\partial t}+\nabla\cdot\left[\left(\mathcal{E}+\frac{p}{\gamma M^2}\right)\textbf{\emph{u}} \right] =\frac{1}{\alpha}\nabla\cdot\left(\kappa \nabla T\right)+\frac{1}{\mathrm{Re}}\nabla\cdot\left(\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot \textbf{\emph{u}}\right) +\textbf{\emph{f}}\cdot\textbf{\emph{u}}+\Lambda
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
 \label{Eq4:gas_state} p=\rho_f T
\end{equation}
where $\rho_f$, $\textbf{\emph{u}}$ and $p$ separately represent the density, velocity and static pressure of fluid. $\gamma$ is the ratio of the specific heat at constant pressure, $C_p$, to the specific heat at constant volume, $C_v$. $\boldsymbol{\sigma}=\mu\left[\nabla \textbf{\emph{u}} + (\nabla \textbf{\emph{u}})^T\right]-\frac{2}{3}\mu\theta\mathbf{I}$ is the viscous stress, where $\mu$ is the dynamic viscosity, $\theta=\nabla\cdot\textbf{\emph{u}}$ is the divergence of fluid velocity and $\mathbf{I}$ is the identity matrix.
Also, $M=U_0\slash c_0$ and $\mathrm{Re}=\rho_0U_0L_0\slash\mu_0$ are the reference Mach number and Reynolds number. Here, $L_0$, $\rho_0$, $U_0$, $\mu_0$ and $c_0$ are the reference length, density, velocity, dynamic viscosity and speed of sound separately. $\mathcal{E}=p\big/\left[(\gamma-1)\gamma M^2\right]+\frac{1}{2}\rho_f\textbf{\emph{u}}\cdot\textbf{\emph{u}}$ is the total energy per unit volume. $T$ denotes the temperature and $\kappa$ is the thermal conductivity.
$\alpha=\mathrm{Pr}\mathrm{Re} (\gamma-1)M^2$ is a coefficient from nondimensionalization, and $\mathrm{Pr}$ is the reference Prandtl number, which is specified as 0.7 in this paper.
To maintain a stationary flow, an external force ($\textbf{\emph{f}}$) is applied on the solenoidal velocity components at large scales
(the first two wavenumbers).
Besides, a uniform cooling term ($\Lambda$) is used to keep the internal energy steady.
{The detailed description about the forcing and cooling mechanism
was introduced in \cite{wang2010hybrid}, \cite{federrath2010comparing}
and \cite{kida1990energy}.}
In this paper, the turbulent Mach number ($M_t$) varies from 0.36 to 1.00
with Taylor Reynolds number $R_{\lambda} \approx 120$
and the total grid number ($N^3$) in the computational domain is $512^3$.
Detailed parameters of the simulations are listed in Table \ref{tab:param_f}.
\begin{table}
  \begin{center}
\def~{\hphantom{0}}
  \begin{tabular}{cccccccccc}
    $R_{\lambda}$&$M_t$&$N^3$&$\nu$&$\varepsilon$&$\eta$&$\tau_{\eta}$&$u_{rms}$&$L_{f}$&$T_{f}$\\[3pt]
    ~123~&~$0.36$~&~$512^3$~&~4.17E-3~&~0.73~&~1.78E-2~&~7.59E-2~&~$2.28$~&~1.47~&~1.12~\\
    ~122~&~$0.51$~&~$512^3$~&~4.18E-3~&~0.78~&~1.75E-2~&~7.36E-2~&~$2.30$~&~1.45~&~1.09~\\
    ~122~&~$0.64$~&~$512^3$~&~4.20E-3~&~0.74~&~1.78E-2~&~7.55E-2~&~$2.29$~&~1.46~&~1.10~\\
    ~122~&~$0.77$~&~$512^3$~&~4.23E-3~&~0.69~&~1.82E-2~&~7.84E-2~&~$2.27$~&~1.48~&~1.13~\\
    ~119~&~$0.89$~&~$512^3$~&~4.27E-3~&~0.70~&~1.83E-2~&~7.84E-2~&~$2.27$~&~1.48~&~1.13~\\
    ~117~&~$1.00$~&~$512^3$~&~4.31E-3~&~0.63~&~1.89E-2~&~8.28E-2~&~$2.23$~&~1.51~&~1.17~\\
  \end{tabular}
  \caption{Simulation parameters:
   Taylor Reynolds number $R_{\lambda}$,
   turbulent Mach number $M_t$,
   grid points $N^3$,
   kinematic viscosity $\nu$,
   average dissipation rate of kinetic turbulent energy $\varepsilon$,
   Kolmogorov length scale $\eta$,
   Kolmogorov time scale $\tau_{\eta}$,
   root-mean-square fluctuation velocity $u_{rms}=\sqrt{\langle u_iu_i \rangle}$,
   integral length scale $L_f=3\pi /(2u_{rms}^2) \int_0^{+\infty} [E(k)/k]dk$
   and large-scale eddy turnover time $T_f=\sqrt{3}L_f/u_{rms}$.}
  \label{tab:param_f}
  \end{center}
\end{table}

The light particles are regarded as point objects,
neglecting the influence of particles on turbulent flows
and their mutual interaction.
The motion of light particles is governed by:
\begin{equation}
 \frac{\mathrm{d} \textbf{\emph{x}}_p}{\mathrm{d} t}=\textbf{v}_p
 \label{eq:dx_dt}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
 \frac{\mathrm{d}\textbf{v}_p}{\mathrm{d}t}=\frac{\textbf{\emph{u}}_p-\textbf{v}_p}{\tau_p}
 +\beta \frac{\mathrm{D}\textbf{\emph{u}}_p}{\mathrm{D}t}
 \label{eq:dv_dt}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
 \tau_p=\frac{\rho_f d^2}{12\beta\mu}
 \label{eq:tau_p}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
 \beta=\frac{3\rho_f}{2\rho_p+\rho_f}
 \label{eq:beta}
\end{equation}
where $\textbf{\emph{x}}_p$, $\textbf{v}_p$,
$\tau_p$ and $d$ are the position, velocity,
response time and diameter of particles, respectively,
and $\textbf{\emph{u}}_p$ is the velocity of the flow
at the position of the particle.
$\mu$ is the dynamic viscosity of fluid
at the position of particles, and we notice that
both $\tau$ and $\beta$ are dependent on space and time
due to the variation of the underlying fluid velocity $\rho_f$.
As a result, in a compressible flow,
even particle with a density $\rho_p$ equal to the average flow density
$\langle \rho_f \rangle$ will nevertheless be locally subjected to
inertial forces due to the variation of the local flow density.
In our case we have chosen $\rho_p = 0.01 \langle \rho_f \rangle$
for the light particles. It is important to stress
that Eq. (\ref{eq:dv_dt}) must be considered an approximation
of the true point-like description of inertial forces.
Beside corrections present also in incompressible forces,
as the Faxen and Basset terms \citep{maxey1983equation,
gatignol1983faxen}, here we need to consider also new forces induced by
density variations of the fluid flow at the particle positions
\citep{parmar2011generalized,parmar2012equation}.
In appendix A we present a thoughtful discussion
about these new effects and show that at moderate Mach numbers,
as the one here investigated,
they can be most of the time safely neglected.
The fluid velocity at the position of particles,
$\textbf{\emph{u}}_p$, is evaluated
by a fourth-order Lagrangian interpolation.
The operator, $\mathrm{D}\slash \mathrm{D}t$,
represents the material derivative.
$256^3$ particles are uniformly released
into the computational domain
after the flow reaches a statistically steady state.
After the particles are fully mixed,
{we sample over 15 times large eddy turnover time ($T_f$)
to explore the spatial, instantaneous statistics of particles.}
The Stokes number ($\mathrm{St}=\tau_p/\tau_{\eta}$)
of particles is approximately 0.21,
and the average of $\beta$ is around 2.94.
{In addition, tracer particles whose velocity  follows
the local fluid velocity are also analyzed for comparison.}

\section{Results and analysis}\label{sec:resultsandanalysis}
\begin{figure}
 \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{acc_time_thetaa
  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{acc_time_thetab

  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{acc_time_thetac
  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{acc_time_thetad
  \caption{The evolution of the acceleration magnitude, $a$,
  of typical tracers  (a-b) and light particles (c-d) at $M_t=0.51$ and $M_t=1.00$.
  The colorbar indicates the  divergence of fluid velocity, $\theta$,
  at the position of particles. Here $a_{rms}$ and $\theta_{rms}$ separately represent
  the root mean square value of $a$ and $\theta$.}
\label{fig:accp_time_theta}
\end{figure}
Before presenting the results from the statistical analysis,
we show  in Figure \ref{fig:accp_time_theta} some characteristic
evolution of the  acceleration magnitudes, $a$,
along tracers and light particles trajectories
near strong compression structures (e.g. shocklets)
at $M_t=0.51$ and $M_t=1.00$, color coded in terms of
the local fluid compressibility $\theta$.
For tracer particles, there is no significant difference between $M_t=0.51$ and 1.00,
except for the larger peak of acceleration magnitudes near shocklets at $M_t=1.00$.
For light particles at $M_t=0.51$, the evolution of acceleration magnitudes
is similar to that of tracer particles.
However, at $M_t=1.00$, light particles seem to be trapped
near the shocklets for a long time (several times $\tau_{\eta}$),
and the acceleration magnitudes of particles fluctuate dramatically.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{Apx_PDF_T
  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{Apx_PDF_L
  \caption{The probability density functions (PDFs), $P(a_{i})$, of one component of the accelerations $a_i$, normalized with its root mean square. Because of isotropy all three components are equivalent. For clarity here we show only the case with  $i=1$.
   (a) is for tracer particles. Inset:  $(a_1)^4P(a_1)$, at $M_t=1.00$, is presented to check the statistical convergence of the fourth-order moments; (b) is for light particles. Inset: $(a_1)^4P(a_1)$ is shown at $M_t=0.64$.}
\label{fig:Apx_PDF}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{Apx_flat
  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{theta_PDF
  \caption{Panel (a): the flatness factor of particle acceleration components, $F_a$,
  at changing $M_t$ for tracers (red squares) and light particles (blue diamonds).
  The error bar is calculated from the scatter among 30 subsamples obtained from 30 time snapshots.
  Panel (b): the PDFs of  compressibility $\theta$ in the whole computational domain
  at $M_t=0.51$, $0.64$ and $1.00$. The three vertical lines mark the  values CR1, CR2 and CR3
  where  $\theta < -\theta_{rms}$, $\theta < -2\theta_{rms}$ and $\theta < -3\theta_{rms}$.}
  \label{fig:flatness_theta_PDF}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Apx_CR_051_T
  \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Apx_CR_064_T
  \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Apx_CR_100_T

  \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Apx_CR_051_L
  \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Apx_CR_064_L
  \includegraphics[width=0.32\textwidth]{Apx_CR_100_L
  \caption{ The probability density functions (PDFs) of particle acceleration components.
  (a)-(c) is for tracer particles at $M_t$=0.51, 0.64 and 1.00 respectively;
  (d)-(f) is for light particles at $M_t$=0.51, 0.64 and 1.00.
  The black solid line is the PDF of $a_1$ for particles in the whole computational domain;
  the red dotted line, green dashed line and blue dash-dotted line represent
  the contribution of particles in CR1, CR2 and CR3 separately.}
\label{fig:Apx_PDF_theta}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{theta_filter
  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{percentage
  \caption{Panel (a): $F_a$ of light particles in different regions.
  Here, Case 1: the whole domain;
  Case 2: the regions with $\theta > -3\theta_{rms}$;
  Case 3: the regions with $\theta > -2\theta_{rms}$;
  Case 4: the regions with $\theta > -\theta_{rms}$.
  Panel (b): the ratio of the particle number in CR3 to the total particle number in the whole domain.}
  \label{fig:filter_percentage}
\end{figure}

The probability density functions (PDFs) of
one component of the particle accelerations,
$a_i$, with $i=1, 2, 3$, are illustrated
in Fig. \ref{fig:Apx_PDF}.
It is apparent that all PDFs have some
intense stretched tails, indicating that
the accelerations of tracer and light
particles are both intermittent.
The strength of intermittency can be
quantified by the flatness (or kurtosis).
For tracer particles, the flatness of acceleration components,
$F_a$, steadily increases with the increase of $M_t$,
as seen in Fig. \ref{fig:flatness_theta_PDF} (a).
Here, $F_a$ is defined as:
$F_a = \langle (a_1)^4 \rangle \slash \langle  (a_1)^2 \rangle^2$.
The operator $\langle \cdot \rangle$ means the average among particles.
However, $F_a$ of light particles does not follow this trend.
As $M_t$ increases from 0.36 to 1.00,
$F_a$ of light particles firstly increases,
then followed by a reduction after $M_t$ exceeds about 0.6.
{In order to explain this phenomenon,
we define the compression regions: CR1, CR2 and CR3
representing the regions with  $\theta < -\theta_{rms}$,
$\theta < -2\theta_{rms}$ and $\theta < -3\theta_{rms}$ separately,
as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:flatness_theta_PDF} (b).}
Then, it is found that the stretched tails
of acceleration PDFs predominantly result from the particles
in strong compression regions when $M_t$ is large,
as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:Apx_PDF_theta}.
The increase of $F_a$ of tracer particles
(also applicable for light particles at $M_t < 0.6$),
is attributed to the fact that increasing compressibility
increases the flow intermittency too.
However, when $M_t$ is larger than 0.6, why does $F_a$
of light particles decrease with the increase of $M_t$?
In the following we argue that it is related to certain phenomena
of light particles in compression regions.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{flatness_up
  \caption{The flatness factor of acceleration components of fluid elements
  at the position of light particles, $F_a^u$, versus $M_t$.}
\label{fig:flat_validation}
\end{figure}
Let us first compare the $F_a$ of light particles in different regions,
as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:filter_percentage} (a),
where Case 1 represents the whole domain;
Case 2 represents the region with $\theta>-3\theta_{rms}$
(removing CR3 from Case 1);
Case 3 represents the region with $\theta>-2\theta_{rms}$
(removing CR2 from Case 1);
Case 4 represents the region with $\theta>-\theta_{rms}$
(removing CR1 from Case 1).
We can notice that at $M_t=0.64$, $F_a$ decreases sharply
once the light particles in CR3 are removed.
In contrast, at $M_t=1.00$, $F_a$ increases steadily
as the particles in CR3, CR2 and CR1 are removed.
To explain this difference,
we further measure the number of light particles
in CR3, see Fig. \ref{fig:filter_percentage} (b),
where the number of tracer particles in CR3 slightly increases
as $M_t$ increases from 0.36 to 1.00.
However, the number of light particles in CR3
dramatically increases when $M_t>0.6$.
Especially at $M_t=1.00$, it accounts for approximate $25\%$
of the total particle number in the whole domain.
According to Fig. \ref{fig:Apx_PDF_theta}, ones can understand
that the extremely large accelerations of particles
mainly come from the strong compression regions (such as CR3).
Then, if the number of particles in CR3 is small (like tracers),
the probability of the large accelerations is still small.
Therefore, a slight increase of particle number in CR3 will make a
contribution to the enhancement of the acceleration intermittency.
Hence, $F_a$ of tracer particles increases with the increase of $M_t$.
On the other hand, if the number of particles in CR3 is too large
(like light particles at $M_t = 0.77-1.00$),
there will be a large portion of particles with large accelerations.
Namely, most of them cannot be regarded as rare events any more.
Then, the increase of particle number in CR3 will not contribute to
the increase of acceleration intermittency any more.
Mathematically, large amount of particles accumulating in CR3 will cause
a significant increase of the standard deviation of accelerations ($\sigma_a$).
And the increase of $(\sigma_a)^4$ is faster than the increase of
the forth-order moment of accelerations.
In conclusion, the preferential concentration of light particles
in strong compression regions (e.g. CR3) results in the decrease
of $F_a$ when $M_t > 0.6$.
In order to further validate this mechanism, the flatness factor of
acceleration components of fluid elements at the position of
light particles, $F_a^u$, is measured, shown in Fig. \ref{fig:flat_validation}
where $F_a^u$ varies with the same trend as $F_a$ of light particles.

\subsection{Longitudinal acceleration at different $M_t$}\label{subsec:Ap_L}
Figure \ref{fig:Ap_L_PDF} presents
the PDFs of particle longitudinal accelerations
($\textbf{\emph{a}}_L$) at $M_t = 0.36-1.00$.
Ones can see that for tracer particles,
the PDFs of $\textbf{\emph{a}}_L$ all skew to the negative value.
However, for light particles,
the PDFs of $\textbf{\emph{a}}_L$ only moderately skew to
the negative value at low $M_t$ (e.g. $M_t=0.51$),
and this trend vanishes as the PDFs become almost symmetric
at high $M_t$ (e.g. $M_t=1.00$).
To quantify this difference, we measure the skewness factor of
$\textbf{\emph{a}}_L$, $S_a$, as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:Ap_L_skew}.
For tracer particles, $S_a$ becomes more negative
as $M_t$ increases from 0.36 to 1.0.
As well known, shocklets will appear
in compression regions with the increase of $M_t$.
When tracer particles pass through the shocklets
from upstream to downstream, they will be decelerated significantly
owing to the negative pressure gradient \citep{anderson2010fundamentals}.
As $M_t$ increases, the shocklets become stronger
(the deceleration is also more remarkable).
Therefore, the PDF of $\textbf{\emph{a}}_L$
is more skewed to negative value
and $S_a$ becomes more negative for tracer particles
when $M_t$ increases.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Ap_L_PDF_T
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Ap_L_PDF_L
  \caption{The PDFs of longitudinal accelerations.
  (a) is for tracer particles; (b) is for light particles.}
\label{fig:Ap_L_PDF}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Ap_L_skew
  \caption{The skewness factor of particle longitudinal accelerations,
  $S_a$, varies with $M_t$.}
\label{fig:Ap_L_skew}
\end{figure}
As shown in Fig. \ref{fig:Ap_L_skew}, for light particles,
$S_a$ also decreases with $M_t$ when $M_t$ is small,
similar to that of tracer particles.
However $S_a$ gradually goes back to zero after $M_t > 0.6$.
A similar phenomenon was suggested by \citet{yang2014interactions},
who discovered that $S_a$ of light particles in compression regions
is close to 0 at $M_t \approx 1.03$,
and there are many light particles whose velocities have an obtuse angle
with local pressure gradient.
To understand the above difference between tracers and light particles,
we show in Fig. \ref{fig:Angle} the PDF of the angle
between particle velocity and pressure gradient, $\alpha$, in CR1
(compression region with $\theta<-\theta_{rms}$).
Ones can see that most tracer particles in CR1
have an angle of $\alpha < 90^{\circ}$ at all $M_t$.
However, for light particles, the number of particle with $\alpha > 90^{\circ}$
steadily increases as $M_t$ increases from 0.6 to 1.0.
We then track the particles in CR1
and statistically measure how many of them have an angle of $\alpha < 90^{\circ}$
when they enter CR1, denoted as $N_{CR1}^{in}$.
Also, the number of particles with $\alpha < 90^{\circ}$
in CR1 at one time point is statistically measured,
defined as $N_{CR1}$.
Figure \ref{fig:proportion} shows that for tracer particles,
$N_{CR1}$ is always close to $N_{CR1}^{in}$ at different $M_t$.
Namely, tracer particles rarely change their direction of movement in CR1.
However, for light particles,
$N_{CR1}$ is noticeably smaller than $N_{CR1}^{in}$ at high $M_t$,
and this deviation becomes more significant as $M_t$ increases.
That is, as $M_t$ increases, more light particles reverse
their direction of velocity from $\alpha < 90^{\circ}$
to $\alpha > 90^{\circ}$ in CR1, so that more light particles
which were decelerated turn to be accelerated.
This is the main reason for the PDF of $\textbf{\emph{a}}_L$
being more symmetric when $M_t>0.6$.
Besides, $N_{CR1}$ of light particles decreases moderately
as $M_t$ increases from 0.6 to 1.0, which implies that
at high $M_t$, more light particles have positive
longitudinal accelerations when they are entering CR1.
It is also a factor that $S_a$ of light particles goes back to 0.

Why do many light particles reverse their velocity direction
from $\alpha < 90^{\circ}$ to $\alpha > 90^{\circ}$ in CR1,
but few tracer particles do?
It can be seen in Eq. (\ref{eq:dv_dt}) that the effect
of local fluid acceleration(the second term
on the right-hand side) on light particles was amplified by $\beta$
(for light particles, $\beta \approx 2.94$ in our simulations).
Thus, light particles are easier to be decelerated by
the negative pressure gradient near shocklets
as the dominant contribution to fluid acceleration comes from pressure gradient.
After light particles enter compression regions from upstream,
their direction of velocity is more likely be reversed near skocklets,
and this trend will be more remarkable as $M_t$ increases.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{angle_T
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{angle_L
  \caption{The PDFs of angle ($\alpha$) between the velocity of particles
  and the pressure gradient at the position of particles in compression regions.
  (a) is for tracer particles; (b) is for light particles.}
\label{fig:Angle}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{proportion
  \caption{The ratio of $N_{CR1}^{in}$ (red squares) and $N_{CR1}$ (blue diamonds) to the total number of particles in CR1.
  The empty symbols are for tracer particles and the filled symbols
  are for light particles.}
\label{fig:proportion}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Transverse acceleration at different $M_t$}\label{subsec:Ap_T}
The change of velocity direction is intimately linked to
the transverse acceleration ($\textbf{\emph{a}}_T$).
In Figure \ref{fig:Ap_T_PDF} (a) we show
the PDFs of normalized transverse acceleration magnitudes,
$\widetilde{a}_T=a_T/ (a_T)_{rms}$, of tracer particles at different $M_t$,
where $a_T$ is the magnitude of transverse acceleration.
When $\widetilde{a}_T$ is not large (e.g. $\widetilde{a}_T<3$),
the PDFs of $\widetilde{a}_T$ are close to each other
for the cases with different $M_t$.
However, when $\widetilde{a}_T>3$,
the PDFs display slightly wider tails at higher $M_t$.
This implies that when $\widetilde{a}_T$ is small,
it is mainly influenced by vortices, rather than shocklets.
The exist of shocklets only increases the probability
of large $\widetilde{a}_T$.
On the contrast, the PDFs of $\widetilde{a}_T$
of light particles are quite distinguishing at different $M_t$,
as illustrated in Fig. \ref{fig:Ap_T_PDF} (b)
where at higher $M_t$, the probability of small $\widetilde{a}_T$ is larger,
indicating that  $\widetilde{a}_T$ of light particles
is easier to be influenced by shocklets than that of tracer particles.
In addition, when $\widetilde{a}_T$ is quite small,
the PDFs all linearly scale with $\widetilde{a}_T$,
which can be explained by the model developd by  \citet{xu2007curvature}.
The three acceleration components of particles can be regarded as
independent Gaussian random variables
when their magnitude is quite close to zero.
Then, $a_T$ of particles will follow a $\chi$ distribution
with 2 degrees of freedom, leading to a linear dependency
for small enough  $\widetilde{a}_T$.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Ap_T_PDF_T
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Ap_T_PDF_L
  \caption{The PDFs of $\widetilde{a}_T$
  at different $M_t$. (a) is for tracer particles; (b) is for light particles.}
\label{fig:Ap_T_PDF}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{accp_T_theta_T
  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{accp_T_theta_L
  \caption{$\langle \widetilde{a}_T | \theta \rangle$ varies with
  $\tilde{\theta}$ at different $M_t$. (a) is for tracer particles;
  (b) is for light particles.}
\label{fig:Ap_T_theta}
\end{figure}
Furthermore, we have measured the average
of $\widetilde{a}_T$ conditioned for a given velocity divergence,
$\langle \widetilde{a}_T | \theta \rangle$,
shown in Fig. \ref{fig:Ap_T_theta}.
For tracer particles, except for $M_t=0.36$,
$\langle \widetilde{a}_T | \theta \rangle$
linearly increases with the decrease of $\tilde{\theta}$
($\tilde{\theta}=\theta / \theta_{rms}$)
in compression regions, and it gradually increases
with the increase of $M_t$, for a given $\tilde{\theta}$.
On the other hand, for light particles,
the linear increase of $\langle \widetilde{a}_T | \theta \rangle$
with the decrease of $\tilde{\theta}$ does not appear in compression regions.
Particularly when $M_t > 0.6$, there is always a section
where $\langle \widetilde{a}_T | \theta \rangle$ decreases as $\tilde{\theta}$ decreases.

\subsection{Autocorrelation function of acceleration components at different $M_t$}\label{subsec:Autocorltn}
Figure \ref{fig:Autocorltn} shows the autocorrelation function
of first component of the acceleration
{$R_1(\tau)=\langle a_1(t)a_1(t+\tau)
\rangle / \langle a_1(t)^2 \rangle$}
(because of isotropy $R_2$ and $R_3$ would be equal to $R_1$).
Ones can notice that for tracer particles,
the zero-crossing time ($\tau_0$) barely varies with $M_t$
and it is approximately close to $2.3\tau_{\eta}$,
which is similar to the results in incompressible turbulence
\citep{yeung1997one, mordant2004three, volk2008acceleration}.
Here, $\tau_0$ denotes the time in which $\rho_1(\tau)$ decreases to 0.
For light particles, $\tau_0$ is also approximate to
2.3 $\tau_{\eta}$ when $M_t < 0.6$.
However, as $M_t$ increases further, $\tau_0$ gradually decreases,
as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:tau_0}.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{autocorrelation_T
  \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{autocorrelation_L
  \caption{The autocorrelation function, $R_1(\tau)$, of $a_1$ at different $M_t$. (a) is for tracers; (b) is for light particles.}
\label{fig:Autocorltn}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{tau_0
  \caption{$\tau_0$ varies with $M_t$ for tracers (red squares) and light particles (blue diamonds).}
\label{fig:tau_0}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{tau_c_time
  \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{tau_c
  \caption{Panel (a): the history curve of $\theta$ along one trajectory of light particles at $M_t=1.00$. Here $\tau_c$ denotes the time over which particles pass through CR3.
  Panel (b): the average value of characteristic time of particles
  staying in CR3, $\langle \tau_c \rangle$, at different $M_t$.}
  \label{fig:tau_c_time}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{tau_c_PDF_T
  \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{tau_c_PDF_L
  \caption{The PDF of the time ($\tau_c$)
  that particles stay in strong compression regions (CR3) at different $M_t$.
  (a) is for tracers; (b) is for light particles}
\label{fig:tau_c_PDF}
\end{figure}

Why is the behavior of $\tau_0$
between tracer and light particles different from each other?
\citet{yang2013acceleration} found
that the autocorrelation function of acceleration of tracer particles
near shocklets decreases much faster
than that near vortices in CHIT.
In addition, we use $\tau_c$ to denote the time over which particles pass through the strong compression regions (CR3), as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:tau_c_time} (a).
It is found that the average of $\tau_c$ among tracer particles,
$\langle \tau_c \rangle$, is distinctly smaller than $\tau_{\eta}$
and it slightly decreases with the increase of $M_t$
($\langle \tau_c \rangle \approx 0.2\tau_{\eta}$
at $M_t = 1.00$), as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:tau_c_time} (b).
For light particles, $\langle \tau_c \rangle$
is similar to that of tracer particles when {$M_t < 0.6$}.
However, as $M_t$ further increases,
$\langle \tau_c \rangle$ increases dramatically,
up to around 4$\tau_{\eta}$ at high $M_t$,
Then, it can be speculated that
$R_1(\tau)$ is barely influenced by shocklets
since the time that tracer particles
stay in strong compression regions (near shocklets) is quite short,
so that $\rho_1(\tau)$ should be mainly influenced by vortices.
Therefore, $\tau_0\approx 2.34\tau_{\eta}$ of tracer particles
is independent of $M_t$ and close to the small eddy turnover time.
For light particles, at low $M_t$ (e.g. $M_t=0.51$),
$\langle \tau_c \rangle$ is similar to that of tracers
so that $\tau_0$ of light particles is quite close to
that of tracer particles.
However, as $M_t$ increases,
$\langle \tau_c \rangle$ of light particles increases gradually
because more light particles will be trapped
in strong compression regions (near shocklets)
for several $\tau_{\eta}$, as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:tau_c_PDF} (b)
where the PDFs of $\tau_c$ of light particles
present two peaks when $M_t > 0.6$,
{at difference from what happens for tracers
(seen in Fig. \ref{fig:tau_c_PDF} (a))}.
The  position of first peak ($\tau_c \slash \tau_{\eta}=0.2-0.3$)
is similar to that of tracer particles.
However, the second peak occurs in the range of
$\tau_c \slash \tau_{\eta}=3.0-4.0$,
indicating that many light particles are trapped by shocklets,
hence, the influence  on $R_1(\tau)$ becomes remarkable.
Therefore, $\tau_0$ will be influenced
by both shocklets and vortices at high $M_t$,
and as $M_t$ increases, $\tau_0$ of light particles decreases,
as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:Autocorltn}(b),
since more light particles are trapped near shocklets.

\section{Conclusion and Discussion}\label{sec:ConclusionandDiscussion}
The acceleration statistics of tracer and light particles
in CHIT have been studied.
Our main finding is related to the characteristic signature
of the presence of shocklets in the probability distribution function
of acceleration and on its characteristic correlation times.
In particular, we found that at $ M_t \sim 0.6$ the statistical properties
of light particles acceleration start to be strongly different from
the one of the underlying tracers,
developing a sort of {\it condensation} on and near shocklets structures,
where a high percentage of the total number of particles is concentrated.
As a consequence, acceleration flatness,
skewness and autocorrelation time are strongly affected.
We find that in the range here investigated $M_t \in [0.31,1]$
the flatness factor of acceleration components, $F_a$,
of tracers increases monotonically with $M_t$.
For light particles, $F_a$ also increases with $M_t$ at $M_t< 0.6$.
However, when $M_t>0.6$, $F_a$ of light particle decreases with $M_t$
because of preferential accumulation in strong compression regions.

The PDFs of the longitudinal acceleration of tracer particles
are found to be skewed towards negative value,
and as $M_t$ increases, the skewness factor, $S_a$, becomes more negative.
For light particles, $S_a$ also becomes more negative
with the increase of $M_t$,
then followed by a tendency to return to 0 after $M_t > 0.6$.
We attribute the tendency of the longitudinal acceleration PDF
of light particles to become more and more symmetric at high $M_t$
to the fact that more particles reverse their direction of velocity
from $\alpha < 90^{\circ}$ to $\alpha > 90^{\circ}$ in compression regions
(e.g. the regions with $\theta < -\theta_{rms}$ ) at increasing compressibility. Together with the fact that more light particles with positive longitudinal acceleration enter compression regions at higher $M_t$.

For tracers, when the normalized transverse acceleration magnitude,
$\widetilde{a}_T$, is not large (e.g. $\widetilde{a}_T<3$),
the PDFs of $\widetilde{a}_T$ are close to each other for different $M_t$.
This implies that when $\widetilde{a}_T$ is small,
$\widetilde{a}_T$ is mainly influenced by vortices, rather than shocklets.
On the contrast, for light particles,
the PDFs of $\widetilde{a}_T$ are quite distinguishing for different $M_t$.
At higher $M_t$, the probability of small $\widetilde{a}_T$ is much larger,
indicating that $\widetilde{a}_T$ of light particles is easier to be influenced
by shocklets than that of tracer particles.

We have found that for tracer particles,
the characteristic time, $\tau_c$,  near shocklets is quite short,
especially at high $M_t$
($\langle \tau_c \rangle \approx 0.2\tau_{\eta}$ at $M_t=1.00$).
Then, the autocorrelation function of accelerations
is barely influenced by shocklets.
As a result, the zero-crossing time, $\tau_0$,
does not vary too much with $M_t$.
For light particles, as $M_t$ increases,
more particles are trapped near shocklets for several $\tau_{\eta}$
so that the influence of shocklets on the autocorrelation function
of accelerations becomes remarkable.
Therefore, $\tau_0$ is greatly influenced by shocklets and decreases with $M_t$.

The strong singular signature of shocklets for the dynamic
and statistics of light particles opens many important questions
that needs further numerical and experimental studies.
In particular, the role of correction terms to the Eq. (\ref{eq:dv_dt})
induced by the presence of compressibility must be better elucidated
as discussed in Appendix A.
Second, in the presence of strong particles' concentration nearby shocklets,
the importance of bubble-bubble collision, breakup and coalescence
should be better quantified, as well as their feedback on the flow.

We are grateful to Prof. Jianchun Wang for providing us the DNS code for CHIT.
This work is funded by the National Numerical Wind Tunnel
Project (No. NNW2019ZT1-A01), the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant No. 91752201), the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province
(Grant No. 2019B21203001), Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team
of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)
(Grant No. GML2019ZD0103), and by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee
(Grant No. KQTD20180411143441009).
We acknowledge computing support provided by the Center for Computational Science
and Engineering of the Southern University of Science and Technology.
L.B. acknowledges hospitality from  Southern University of Science and Technology and  funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 882340).

Declaration of interests. The authors report no conflict of interest.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
La teología menfita es una doctrina religiosa del Antiguo Egipto, creada e impulsada por los sacerdotes del Templo de Ptah de la ciudad de Menfis que gira en torno al dios Ptah.

De esta doctrina, algunos eruditos estiman que fue una cosmogonía, porque se conserva una estela en la que se escribió el proceso de creación de este dios, que sería un Ser Supremo y como después puso orden, siendo el que creó el Mundo. La originalidad del mito reside en la forma en la que se llevó a cabo la creación de todo. Se dice que la idea de las cosas vino al pensamiento del dios Ptah y él transformó en realidad estos pensamientos. Esto podría haber influido en las doctrinas bíblicas.

Existen otras doctrinas en torno a otros dioses, como son las pertenecientes a Anubis, Apis (el toro sagrado, con piel negra y unas manchas blancas) que posteriormente se asociará a Ptah. Otra doctrina es la de Harajtes, que es una variación de la de Horus, y la de Hathor, como diosa del cielo.

Teología

Según esta doctrina Ptah es el Dios supremo, y recibe el nombre de Ta-tenen, Señor de la Eternidad. Él fue quien creó, por medio de la sabiduría y la palabra, a todos los demás dioses, enviando a cada uno a una ciudad para protegerla y recibir culto. Como Ptah creó el mundo recurriendo a la inteligencia y la palabra, estas dos facultades se personificaron en sendos genios o fuerzas: Sia (la inteligencia del pensamiento, la intelectualidad que reside en el corazón) y Hu (el poder de la palabra, que encarnaba la lengua de Ptah).

Al principio era el infinito mar de las aguas inertes del caos donde no existía ni la oscuridad ni la luz. Ptah, en su condición de dios supremo y creador, mediante una idea de su pensamiento a través de su corazón, y mediante su palabra, empleada para describir su deseo, expresada a través de su lengua, la transforma en una realidad. Y así, en el corazón de Ptah se concibió la imagen del dios Atum, mediante su lengua pronunció el nombre del dios por crear y Atum se hizo realidad. Y creó las primeras aguas Nun y Nunet, de donde surgirá la vida, y a todos los dioses y a sus kau's o esencias energéticas.

La teología menfita está recogida en la piedra de Shabako, una losa de granito negro que mide 137 por 66 cm, dañada por haberse utilizado posteriormente como rueda de molino; el texto fue copiado en dicha piedra por mandato de Shabaka (rey desde ca. 716 hasta 702 a. C.), perteneciente a la dinastía XXV, posiblemente, porque el original estaría deteriorado por haber estado escrito en papiro de datación anterior. En una de sus estrofas dice así:

Algunos egiptólogos datan el texto original en el Imperio Antiguo por el lenguaje arcaico de sus inscripciones, aunque otros como F. Junge opinan que el estilo arcaico fue deliberado, para solemnizar el texto.

Referencias

Mitología egipcia
Cosmogonía

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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