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Alaska--History--1867-1959 (x)
Western Washington University--Employees--Interviews (x)
local histories (x)
Fishery management--Washington (State)--Puget Sound (x)
Georgia, Strait of (B.C. and Wash.) (x)
oral histories (literary works) (x)
Morris, Carole Teshima (x)
Women In The Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection (2) + -
Center for Pacific Northwest Studies (6) + -
Katrina Jez interview
Interview with Katrina Jez by Carole Teshima Morris. Katrina Jez describes her work in fishing, primarily in Southeast Alaska, and explains a typical season on a purse-seine boat. She discusses crew turnover, salaries and her specific duties onboard the boat. She reflects on the growing numbers of women working on purse-seiners, and the good living provided by commercial fishing. She describes some of the dangers accompanying the job, changes in the industry relating to boats, regulations, and resources, and the strong sense of community in the fishing industry. She describes the process of purse-seining and the joys and demands of the job. Ms. Jez discusses fisheries management issues such as dwindling fish populations in Puget Sound and efforts to restock Southeast Alaska fisheries. She mentions the politics of fishing, the impact of Asian driftnet fishing, and describes an increasing consciousness about the environment and pollution problems from within the fishing community. She reflects on the potential challenges affecting women and other individuals involved in commercial fishing.
Women In The Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection, Washington Women's History Consortium Collection
Center for Pacific Northwest Studies
Women in the commercial fishing industry research collection
jez19931512
Lyn Dennis interview
Interview with Lyn Dennis by Carole Teshima Morris. Dennis recounts her experience as a female fisherman in the Pacific Northwest, where she fished for both sockeye salmon and crab. Ms. Dennis explains that she first fished the Nooksack River in a 12-foot boat, gradually working her way up to a 21-foot gill-netter (The Humdinger) operating out of Point Roberts. She describes the tribal fisheries system (in which enrolled tribal members can receive treaty licenses for commercial fishing), differences between fishing on rivers and fishing in salt water, and selection of crew members. She describes the realities of commercial fishing, fishing in inclement weather, and lessons learned from those experiences. She discusses discrimination in fishing and ways to overcome that adversity, and the economic and political climate of the commercial fishing industry in the 1990s, including some ramifications of the US-Canada Treaty on tribal fishing operations.
dennis19930211
Anne Mosness interview [transcript of sample audio clip]
Anne Mosness interview (partial interview clip)
mosness19930420-1aclip
Anne Mosness interview [sample audio clip]
Lyn Dennis interview [transcript]
dennis19930211_transcript
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Lynn Dennis Interview 1 Washington Women's Heritage Project, Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Interview with Lynn Dennis Interview Date: 1993 February 11 Interviewer: Carole Teshima Morris Locatio
Show moreLynn Dennis Interview 1 Washington Women's Heritage Project, Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Interview with Lynn Dennis Interview Date: 1993 February 11 Interviewer: Carole Teshima Morris Location: Transcription by: Bonnie Gregory 2007 June 28. [TAPE 1. SIDE A] MORRIS: This is February 11th, 1993 and I am interviewing Lynn Dennis. Okay, Lynn, for the record, how old are you? DENNIS: Oh, I'm 31 years old. MORRIS: And you were born where? DENNIS: In Bellingham, Washington. MORRIS: Lynn, when did you start fishing? DENNIS: Oh, about ten years ago. MORRIS: On your own, or…? DENNIS: Well, actually I got into fishing through my, he was my boyfriend at the time and he was a fisherman and so I went out fishing with him and got my first taste of fishing and thought to myself, "Well, gee, I can probably do this on my own." So I ventured out and started in the Nooksack River with a little 12-foot boat. MORRIS: How long was it before you got your own boat? DENNIS: Well probably- I'd say I went fishing a couple of years as a crewmember and then decided to get my own boat, and so I began in the Nooksack River with the 12footer and then began getting bigger skiffs- open skiffs- and then working my way up to a small gill-netter, which I have today; it's about a 21-foot gill-netter with a reel on it, and I fish mainly up at Point Roberts for Sockeye salmon. MORRIS: So, can you explain about the tribal fisheries, can anybody in the tribe start going fishing, or…? DENNIS: Well, you have to be a tribally enrolled- well, I shouldn't say tribal- you have to be an enrolled tribal member and you have to get a number through the tribe and once you get enrolled and get that number then you are eligible to get a treaty license to commercial fish. And also that would include getting clams and also crab. MORRIS: And so you don't fish in the river at all anymore? Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Lynn Dennis Interview 2 DENNIS: Not anymore, not anymore. MORRIS: You've moved on to bigger things? DENNIS: Well, I shouldn't say that, I don't think it's really a way of looking at it, but I really enjoy the openness of the water rather than- to me it seems, I feel more refined when I'm in the river, although it's kind of fun to go fishing in the river. I haven't been fishing in the river for years, but it's kind of fun because you get in line at a drift and you wait, wait your turn to drift, and then during the time that you're waiting for your drift then you can visit with the other fishermen and fisherwomen, so that's kinda nice, but I don't really miss it. I like the openness of Point Roberts, for example. MORRIS: Does your boat have a name? DENNIS: It sure does! The Humdinger [laughter], named by my mother. MORRIS: And you bought this new, right? DENNIS: Yes. In fact I ordered the boat and had it built and paid it off and went fishingsalmon season. MORRIS: Alright. This is a growler boat, is that right? DENNIS: Mm hmm, yes. And it has a ["wahouse"] on it. MORRIS: Oh, it does. So you stay on your boat when you're…? DENNIS: Well, I normally don't, I usually have my crewmember that I hire sleep in the boat and watch over my boat and I'll sleep in the camper with my parents. MORRIS: Well that's nice. Who do you usually take as a crewmember? DENNIS: Somebody who's strong and- [laughter] strong and has a good background in terms of mechanical abilities and somebody that has some fishing experience. Not too excited about taking-we call them "greenhorns"- out fishing. MORRIS: So does this mean you usually have a man or a woman? DENNIS: Well, I usually have a man just because of the mechanical abilities, but I've had women fish with me too in the past. MORRIS: How many women do you estimate are in the [inaudible]? DENNIS: Well, I would say that the number has increased, for example for the Lummi tribe, I would say that roughly 25% are women that fish. Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Lynn Dennis Interview 3 MORRIS: Wow, that many. DENNIS: I'd say so. Or that might be even a little high, maybe more like 20%. MORRIS: What are your estimates as far as the total fleet? DENNIS: I don't know. I've been told we have approximately 3200 tribal members. I've been told there's about 800 who commercial fish, and that would include purseseiners, gill-netters, and skiff fishermen, fisherwomen. MORRIS: Do you do your own gear work? DENNIS: No, I don't. I probably-- I know I should learn how, but I don't. What I do normally is I'm very busy in my other work and other jobs that I do that I haven't taken the time out to learn how to repair gear. I do know how to hang net, but generally what I do is I take it to a friend of mine and I have her hang my net. I pay her to hang my net. In fact, I got ran over last year really bad by a big pleasure boat and had to get the net repaired, I had to drive my boat from Point Roberts down to Bellingham and take the net off the boat and run it and have- her name is Rachel Manlove- have her repair the net and once she got that done- it probably took her about two days- then I had to load it back on the truck and then load it back on the boat and so it was quite a process, but generally I don't hang my gear. MORRIS: So, it's pretty expensive to have backup gear, right? DENNIS: Oh, yes, yes, well, it's- gear is expensive. People think that fishing is all glorified, but it's not. They think that you make lots of money all the time, and that's not true. I could go out fishing one day and make just enough money for fuel and lunch, and then the next day I could do very well, so commercial fishing is definitely a gamble. MORRIS: Like you said, you have other jobs: for the tribe you do public relations work. How much time do you actually spend fishing out of a year? DENNIS: Well, generally I try to take the month of August off from the college and fish, because when I get into the fishing mode it's real exciting and I get to get out in the fresh air and have some time to myself. I don't have to dress up, I don't have to wear high heels or makeup or… I can just put on my jeans and boots and go out fishing, and I really like that a lot. MORRIS: So it's not so much the money that attracts you? DENNIS: Well, the money is attractive to me, but I think that just having that time to myself and I really enjoy the water, that the money is definitely a plus, but at the same time I enjoy the quietness and the serenity of when I'm out in the water. MORRIS: What about bad weather? Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Lynn Dennis Interview 4 DENNIS: Bad weather. Well, that's something that, that I've learned not to fool around with, because I've had a couple of close calls fishing, and I think that when- at least for me, when I've been fishing- I have the attitude that "Oh, I can do anything out in that water and I'll be okay." But after having a couple of close calls it's changed my attitude and made me more respectful of the weather and not to take any risks and- not that I have in the past a lot, but for example, one time I was leaving Sandy Point and I wanted to get up to Point Roberts that night- get my boat up there that night- and I knew it was blowing, but I didn't really realize how hard it was blowing, because I thought "Oh, it's only going to take me, oh, I'd say maybe a half hour to get up to Point Roberts from Sandy Point." Wrong. It took me a good two-and-a-half, three hours and it was rough out. My parents were really worried about me and thank goodness I had a CB on my boat , but they were really concerned and I didn't realize until I was about halfway there that I thought and realized, "It is really rough out here. Am I even going to make it?" And that was a scary feeling, and so I learned a very good lesson from that attempt to want to go against Mother Nature and still try to get to my destination and I realized that it really wasn't that important; I could have waited until morning and gone out fishing. Maybe I wouldn't have been where I wanted to fish but at least I wouldn't have been taking the chance that I took. MORRIS: And you were by yourself, you didn't have your crew? DENNIS: No, I had my crew with me, but… It's still, it can get pretty scary out there. MORRIS: Does the fleet sort of stick together, do they kind of all move out to the point at the same time? DENNIS: Well, not necessarily. Well, there's quite a few fishermen who head out to the salmon banks, which is right off the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and then there's fishermen who fish around this area, around Lummi Island, and then there's also fishermen up at Point Roberts, so all the fishermen have their own preferences to where they like to fish. Generally, it's places that they know how to fish, because they're certain- let's say for example up at Point Roberts, there's a reef up there. Depending on what the tide is doing, depending on how deep your net is, you can't just fish there, and so fishermen have their preference as to where they like to fish. Maybe they felt lucky at one area as compared to another area, and so it really varies. It just depends on the individual fisherman or fisherwoman. MORRIS: Does anyone else in your family fish? DENNIS: Yes, in fact everybody fishes in my family. My brothers have skiffs and gillnetters and my mother and father have a gill-netter, so everybody fishes. And it's fun too, because we can do something where we're making money and at the same time we're getting to spend time with each other. [Interruption- knock on door]. MORRIS: Do you think you're ever experienced discrimination or anything because you're a woman? Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Lynn Dennis Interview 5 DENNIS: Of course [laughter]! MORRIS: What, like what? DENNIS: Well, when I first began fishing in the river nobody took me seriously, and I was made fun of and joked around about because I think the fishermen did not think I was serious about pursuing this fishing. Through time, they realized that I was serious and that I did mean business and that I was going to be fishing for a long time, and it's like in a sense earning my keep. And now I'm one of the guys, one of the fishermen, so to speak. When fishing comes around other fishermen ask me "Oh, so Lynn are you getting ready for fishing? How deep are you going, how deep is your net going to be?" Questions like that, so I've been accepted and they realize that I'm serious about it now, so they treat me differently. MORRIS: Did it make you mad or anything? DENNIS: Mm hmm, it made me mad. I think that it's probably difficult for men to see a woman get into an industry that they've been in all their lives. I mean, I'm sure it was difficult, but there's getting to be more and more women involved in the fishing industry that it's becoming very common for women to be fishing now and it's, though my eyes, quite acceptable by the men. MORRIS: Do you think any of this was actual harassment, or more just of a…? DENNIS: No, not at all harassment, I just think that many men were not used to seeing women fish, but I do have to say something that I think is very, very prevalent in that if any one of us gets in trouble on the water, there's plenty of help out there. If somebody breaks down, needs to be towed in, there's somebody there right away to help out, and so what I really like about it when I'm out fishing is that there's always somebody there to help out if you get in trouble, so it's very important to have a CB on your boat. But I think that says a lot. I'm very proud of my people in that sense, that when somebody's in trouble or in distress there's plenty of fishermen, fisherwomen who are willing to help out. MORRIS: So, when you were growing up were your parents fishing, or not at that time? DENNIS: Well, my dad always fished up Alaska, fished a purse-seiner throughout Alaska, so he would be gone for months at a time and fished up there. MORRIS: So you knew about fishing but you never really had the opportunity of…? DENNIS: Right, right. Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Lynn Dennis Interview 6 MORRIS: So what do you think is going to be happening in this industry, do you think that, you know the management of the resources and the politics, what kind of effect do you think that's going to have? DENNIS: Well, the US-Canada Treaty has had a devastating effect and impact for both Indian and non-Indian fishermen in the state of Washington in that the treaty that Regan has signed basically gave away all of our rights for that duration of that treaty because it's hurt a lot of us financially. We've gone from days of fishing during an opening to hours, and what's really difficult is that for example a father supporting his family of five children, goes out fishing the season opens up 5am Monday morning, closes Tuesday morning 9am. He goes out fishing, he's out there, has his nets set out at the beginning of the opening, then his motor breaks down. He can't get anybody to fix that motor and he loses out on that opening. And the way that the openings have been going we've only been getting- last year I think we got six, maybe five or six openings for the whole Sockeye salmon season. That's really scary. I don't have any children. I don't have a husband, so I don't have a family that I have to support, but it's been very devastating to many of our families here on the reservation because of the reduction of hours, because of our allocation of salmon has been decreasing each year whereas the allocation of salmon for the Canadians has bee on the upswing. But I do know that the tribes are meeting about this treaty now, they're in Bellevue as we speak. I don't know what the outcome will be, but it's about time that we US citizens do something about this. And I do know that the tribes are working on it, I don't know how much the non-Indian fishermen are involved but I do know that it's a very important issue to the Washington state tribes. MORRIS: Have you ever considered getting involved in political actions in that regard? DENNIS: Well, I've considered it. I think that the kind of work that I do now, it's not focused on politics, but I end up being involved very much so with the tribal politics because I work at the casino and I work at the college and those are the two big agenda items to the Council. In terms of possibly getting involved politically in regards to the fisheries, I would definitely consider it. I feel- I always go when it feels right, when the timing is there and… But we'll see what happens in the future. My brother is involvedBobby is involved- with the Lummi Indian Fish and Game Commission and he attends a lot of these types of meetings and is a representative of the tribe, so I feel very good about that because whenever I have any questions I can go and ask him and I feel good that there is somebody else in my family that's involved, because I feel that in order for us to have control of our destiny, and have control of our future through education, plus having out tribal members be involved in important issues such as fishing. MORRIS: Um, did you tell me a few days ago that you were getting into the crab? DENNIS: Well, I am in the crab business and I don't know why, but I am [giggling]. I have 50 crab pots and I commercial crab them. MORRIS: When did you start that? Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Lynn Dennis Interview 7 DENNIS: I bought them about 3, 4 months ago. MORRIS: So how often do you go out? DENNIS: Well, I actually don't go out, I have my brother watch over my crab pots, and we've worked out a percentage. MORRIS: So you're a crab pot despot? [laughter] DENNIS: I wouldn't say that. We're allowed to have up to a hundred pots, tribal members. But I have 50, you have to have 50 in order to get a crab license here. MORRIS: So is that out in Sandy Point, that area? DENNIS: We have different areas, Sandy Point, right out here at Lummi Bay, down by the Fisherman's Cove, so there's various- there's different areas to crab, Lummi Island, so-- Just depends on where you want to crab, but we have boundaries that we have to adhere to. MORRIS: So this is something that, since your brother's actually doing the work, you just wanted to diversify a little bit? DENNIS: Yeah I wanted to diversify a little. There's not many women who have invested and have crab pots so I guess I'm just somebody who likes to be out in the front tier, I guess, so to speak, and I think what's really good about the way I was brought up was that my father taught me to realize that even if I am a female that I am just as capable as other males, so I tend to delve out into areas that the traditional woman doesn't get involved in such as investing. I've takes some risks in terms of fishing in terms of crabbing, in terms of investing and I'm glad that I've taken those risks because they've turned out to be financially smart moves, but, at the same time, it's been kind of scary, and scary too in the sense that there's not many other women that are involved in like let's say fishing or crabbing. So I guess I like to be out in front and doing something innovative and creative. MORRIS: So part of the challenge is the management, it's not just the work? DENNIS: Oh, yes, definitely, and I like challenges. That's why I've opted to get into the fishing industry and the crabbing. I think it makes me more of a well-rounded person to understand the other areas of being a tribal member, learning about fishing, learning about crabbing. I don't know very much about crabbing, I'm learning, but I think it's good to be a well-rounded person, to be able to talk to a fisherman, be able to talk to Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123
Katrina Jez interview [transcript]
jezk19931512_transcript
Katrina Jez Interview 1 Washington Women's Heritage Project, Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Interview with Katrina Jez Interview Date: 1993 May 12 Interviewer: Carole Teshima Morris Location: Wh
Show moreKatrina Jez Interview 1 Washington Women's Heritage Project, Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Interview with Katrina Jez Interview Date: 1993 May 12 Interviewer: Carole Teshima Morris Location: Whatcom County, Washington Transcription by: Megan Bezzo, 2007 June 19. [TAPE 1. SIDE A] MORRIS: Okay, Katrina. Why don't we start with how old you are, a little bit about your background, where you were born and how long you've been in Whatcom County? JEZ: Okay. Um, I'm thirty-five. I was born in Texas. I've been in Whatcom Count y about seven years and I started fishing when I arrived here and fished for about six years. MORRIS: So did you fish here in the county? JEZ: I fished in Alaska, mostly around Craig and Ketchikan – the southeast. MORRIS: Did you have any previous exp erience with fishing? How did you get into that? JEZ: I got into it because of [Fred?]. He ran the boat and I went with him and learned. It's pretty common in purse-seining to take on new people anyway. MORRIS: So your whole experience was in purse-seining? JEZ: Mmm hmm. MORRIS: And that involves kind of a larger crew than gillnetting, right? JEZ: Purse-seiners carry a crew of about five or six people. MORRIS: And so were you the only woman on the crew? JEZ: The only woman. MORRIS: And can you describe maybe a typical season? How many times did you go up? JEZ: Okay. You leave at the end of June to go up north. But the actual fishing season starts in May because you start working on the gear, getting the boat ready, putting the sand in the boat, painting the boat, stocking the boat with groceries, working on the nets. Then you leave at the end of June when the salmon start running toward the coast of Alaska. It takes 72 hours to get up there and you run the boat continually, day and night, until you get there. The first stop is Ketchikan. Um, the seasons are regulated by the State Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Katrina Jez Interview 2 – the fishing times and the areas. Every area is numbered and, um, mostly they work a two-day-on, two-day-off now. When I first started about six years ago there were times when you'd have four days in a row fishing. You'd be off two days and they you'd get three days to fish, depending on what the stocks are – the level of fish. MORRIS: What year was it when you started fishing? JEZ: '86 was the first year. MORRIS: And how many did you say again? How many years did you fish? JEZ: Six years. MORRIS: Does the whole crew usually go up when you run the boat up? JEZ: Usually. Sometimes you'll have a crew member join you from another area, come down and fly into Ketchikan from Bristol Bay or some of the areas finishing up. But for the most part the whole crew travels up together. MORRIS: Is it usually the same crew or do you switch other crew members? JEZ: Depends a lot on the boat. Um, the better boats with higher yields generally will have the same crew more often than not and the boats that, for some reason, either have some problem on them because they don't like the skipper or because they jump to a boat and make a higher annual salary will go to different boats. MORRIS: So how many different boats have you fished on? JEZ: I just fished on the one. MORRIS: What's the name of it? JEZ: It's Elaine B. Actually, I fished on two boats with the same skipper. The Juliette first, which is a wooden seiner owned by a cannery and then Scott, the skipper, purchased a steel boat a couple years into my fishing career and we started working on that boat. MORRIS: So how big is the boat? JEZ: Um, a limit seiner is 58 feet. You'll find most of the seiners to be 58 feet or 56 feet. It won't be any more than 58 feet or else it's not allowed to up to Alaska. Here in, um, Puget Sound they don't have that footage limit and then there's also a grandfather clause so you will see some boats that are over 58 feet going up to Alaska fishing because traditionally they had been there before. MORRIS: Do you feel like you've had equal opportunities fishing as far as salary? Let's start with salary. Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Katrina Jez Interview 3 JEZ: Salary yes. No problem there. Um, each crew member gets a share which, depending on the skipper, how much you get can range between eight percent and ten percent. MORRIS: Does it matter how long you've fished what your percent is? JEZ: That varies by what the skipper wants to do. Um, like, a seventeen-year-old, eighteen- year-old, when they start out they only get a half-share. But then they're given certain compensations. They'll get to sleep in a little later in the morning and may not have to stay up as late at night or do as many night watches just because they're younger. MORRIS: Do you want to talk some about what you do on a boat, what your duties are? JEZ: Okay. Um, well in the six years I was able to do just about everything on the boat. Um, three people are on the back deck at the standard piling gear. One piles web, one piles corks, and the other person piles the lead. I did everything except pile the lead because they were heavy and I didn't want to have to do that anyway [chuckles]. Um, another crew member runs the skiff, which hauls the end of the net out and the boat is on one of the net and the skiff is on the other and the two are joined together and that's how the fishing process works. Um, when you work with six on the boat, not only is the skipper on the deck, but then also there's a deck person and they run around and hook up parts of the net, help bring the bag of fish at the end hydraulically into the hatch and dump it. Um, along with just the hauling in of the gear, there's the duty of engineer, which also runs refrigeration in the new boats. Um, there's cooks. And the n the other people do other jobs like certain repairs or more net work. Or they'll do more watches. Everybody splits up the work. MORRIS: Do you feel like you ever were treated differently by crew members because you were a woman? JEZ: Well, in my case I was the skipper's girlfriend so the first year I felt I had to work harder to, uh, prove that I could be there. But then after – maybe that's just a fact of what you call 'being green'- you're ended up given more rotten work to do just because you haven't been on the boat as long. Um, I think it really depends on the age of the people you're working with and their experience with women. In my case, I didn't have a lot of problems. Some women had had problems on boats because it's just the quality of men they were working with, they didn't have respect for women. But, I think that's, um, very independent [sic] upon what boat you're on. MORRIS: Were there ever any problems with your own privacy or - ? JEZ: No. MORRIS: - anything like that? Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Katrina Jez Interview 4 JEZ: As far as that goes, I think the men were really quite polite. Boats are fairly big. Um, in my case there was a state room upstairs and there's two bunks there and then downstairs there's a bulk hold but I never had to stay in the bulk hold. But women who have, you know, report no problems. MORRIS: Do you know of many other women out there who fish on purse-seiners as crew members? JEZ: More and more women are fishing for purse-seiners. Um, first it was either wives or girlfriends but now there's women who are just joining in as a crewmember. And, um, I think it's a pretty good way to make a living if you like that type of, uh, work. MORRIS: And why do you think that? What makes it a good living? JEZ: What makes it a good living? Um, it's a short season – it's July and August, part of September and you're through. You can make- almost, if you want to live frugally- you could make a living doin' it. If you, um, want to pursue something else – like some of the people, uh, do ski instructing – so then you have a summer season and you have a winter season of work. A lot of people travel. You get the opportunity to travel in the winter and go wherever you want. Um, you put in a lot of hours, like there are days where you work seventeen, eighteen, nineteen hours days. So if you stop and add up the hours that you put in, for your year of work in the two months, you've actually almost put in as much as somebody who works eight hours a day at a regular job. MORRIS: Have you noticed any changes over the six years? Maybe in the resources? Fishing time? Regulations? JEZ: I think the biggest changes I've seen are more in the boats. The market has demanded refrigerated fish to be able to get a good price for your fish. And that, in a lot of ways, has made fishing a lot easier because you're delivering a colder product. You don't have to deliver every night to a tender where you had to before because the fish wouldn't be fresh enough. Now you can, you know, bring in your last net load for the day, go find a place, and anchor up and fish some the next morning without having to wait in line for a tender throughout the night and not get much sleep. So that has made things easier. And it's a little bit more expens ive for the skippers to get into it and, you know, to keep up and keep competitive in the market. MORRIS: Do you ever do any of the bookwork or financial planning? JEZ: Nope. None of that. MORRIS: Do you see this as an ongoing job for you? JEZ: No, I don't [chuckles]. MORRIS: So are you done with it now? Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Katrina Jez Interview 5 JEZ: I think I'll be done with it, other than just goin' up maybe for one month or something like that during our peak season. MORRIS: Did you feel like this was a good way to spend time with your boyfriend more than a real job? How did you feel when you first started it? JEZ: I actually thought it was a good way to earn a living. It was nice that, you know, we didn't have to be apart during that time. MORRIS: Have you ever felt like there was any danger or that kind of thing with fishing? JEZ: Um, fishing can be very dangerous. Um, fortunately the person I worked for was very cautious about keeping his equipment in good working order so that things wouldn't be breaking. But you're dealing a lot of hydraulics. You're dealing with lots of speed. You're dealing with a lot of, um, weight. And when lines come tight they can snap. When they snap they can fly into you, into your face, push you overboard. Uh, seining is not one of the most dangerous fisheries. I think crabbing is the most dangerous fisheries. Plus, you're working in all the icy conditions. In seining you're working in the summers. The water's a little bit calmer, but you do get some windy days. Um, as far as safety goes, I guess it depends on your mind. It's part of the stress of fishing – you need to be watching to make sure of what other crewmembers are doing and where they are in the boat, so that you don't hurt someone else and that someone isn't neglectful and send something flying your way. MORRIS: Did you ever experience a feeling of community with the fishermen? JEZ: Very strong. I think that's one of the most important things I like about it. There's a strong sense of community. A lot of people will stop fishing to come help someone out whose net is caught or whose engine is down, even though they've only got, you know, maybe thirteen hours to fish that day. Maybe they're only getting 20 days to fish the whole season. They'll stop to help someone out. MORRIS: Did you ever get together with other women who were up there? JEZ: Oh yeah [chuckles]. That's real important. MORRIS: So you didn't have to miss that, being the only woman? JEZ: No. Men couldn't stand that, though. There'd be six of us sitting together at a table talking and having nothing to do with all the men around us [laughter]. MORRIS: So there's a fun aspect to fishing? Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Katrina Jez Interview 6 JEZ: Well, seining yeah, because you're working two days on and two days off. When you go to town you dance, you know. You go out, you go hiking, you have your days off and you can play. MORRIS: What about weather? JEZ: Summer in Alaska isn't that bad, but I guess I probably have been in some twelvefoot seas, fifty mile per hour winds. Um, if you have your net out in anything over thirty knot winds, you're going to have a little trouble getting it back. I've been in out in swells on the coast where you're following a boat and you can't see the boat in front of you because it dips down into the bottom of a swell while you're in the bottom of another one. MORRIS: Did you say you ran the skiff too? JEZ: I ran the skiff in Puget Sound, not in Alaska. Well, just a few days in Alaska. That was my favorite job. I think that was probably the best job for a woman [laughter]. MORRIS: Oh really? Why is that? JEZ: Because you're – uh - once you've learned fishing- because it's not physically demanding. But it is mentally demanding and, uh, it's because you're always working. But it gives you a lot of freedom to get out, away from the boat and you actually do proper fishing because you're watching the fish as they're coming in. MORRIS: How long are you in the skiff when you - ? JEZ: Uh, the net's out for about twenty minutes. So you're in the skiff for twenty minutes while the net's out and then the hauling- in gear takes about twenty, twenty- five minutes and you're in the skiff at that time and quite often you'll bring the skiff around to the back of the boat and the boat will go and make another stop. So you can end up in the skiff all day. Whereas other crewmembers, except for the skipper, other crewmembers get to rest fo r those twenty minutes while the net's out if they're not repairing something or cooing a meal or working in the engine room. MORRIS: Did you run the boat, too? JEZ: Uh, yeah when it's traveling. MORRIS: What would you say is probably the best experience that you ever had fishing? JEZ: I'd have to say, as we talked about the sense of community before, I think that, over and all, was a good experience. But then a day when you catch a lot of fish and you load a boat and, uh, you know, the crew did it together it's sort of a euphoric feeling that everyone worked together so well to have a wonderful, successful day. Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Katrina Jez Interview 7 MORRIS: What would you say is the worst? JEZ: The worst experience? First year fishing, um, not really knowing what to expect the next day, the very beginning of the season, uh, finally delivering the catch for the day, thinking you're going to get to go to your bunk and sleep for a normal – what, six hours, eight hours?- but then finding the boat going out of the harbor and into the ocean and you're going to be setting the net into about fifteen minutes. That's probably the worst [laughter]. MORRIS: The lack of sleep [laughter]. Did you ever get used to that? JEZ: Yeah. You know, you learn to develop – some people do, some people don't. I learned to fall asleep very quickly. And now, you know, if somebody calls me at three o'clock in the morning I don't get upset. I just wake up and talk to them. 'Cause it doesn't last that long. It's only for two months and it has to end. MORRIS: What about Alaska? Did you like being up there? JEZ: I have to say, Alaska is beautiful in the summer. There are days traveling where the – there's an area around Juneau where the glaciers float and, um, between the beautiful turquoise ice and the days when you'd see whales – all the sea life and the beautiful Alaska sunsets… It's a wonderful way to get to experience Alaska. MORRIS: You went hiking you said? JEZ: Mmm hmm. You know, you'd see brown bears on the beach, seeing all the eagles. I think, for the most part, a lot of fishermen are involved with the fishing because they do really appreciate – they are really involved with the natural world. You can't help but be because it's a great part of your life. MORRIS: I've heard that there's a lot of efforts up in southeast [Alaska] to restock the fisheries and the fishermen are contributing to those efforts. Do you know anything about that? JEZ: Um, I don't know about the new efforts. I do know that part of our, uh, income every year – three percent - goes to, um - what's the word for it? – fisheries management, basically, enhancement programs, to work towards getting the hatcheries more productive. I don't really want to get into the politics of fishing, though, because it is kind of complicated. MORRIS: Is that just in Alaska – that program with the three percent? JEZ: The enhancements? I don't know what's being done down here. Puget Sound's a different area. There's not – you do see quite a lot of dwindling of the fish population here in the Puget Sound area. In Alaska it just kinda seems to come and go. You know, you get a cold winter and freeze some eggs and the next season, you know, down the line Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Katrina Jez Interview 8 that would match with that cold winter, you would see lots of fish. Um, it seemed like they would go up and down. What the fishermen talked most about is trying to get rid of the driftnet fishing because at this point there's driftnet fishing by Taiwanese, Koreans, um, Japanese, no matter what other flag they were flying their ship under- it may not be the Japanese flag but they'd be supported by Japanese. Um, they're catching silvers that are two pounds. Well, given another couple of months, those same silvers are going to be four to six pounds. It's a waste of a resource to catch something that in two months is going to be at least doubled in size. MORRIS: So you're talking about the offshore, the big, giant - ? JEZ: Yeah, the big thirty-mile- long nets stacked one on top of the other. MORRIS: I guess part of my point is do you think that fishermen are still responsible for keeping that resource going? You didn't really want to get into politics, but - ? JEZ: I don't know. As far as the most visible thing that I saw in six years, at the beginning in 1986 people just threw their garbage overboard. You'd see plastic – it was just common practice to throw plastic overboard because you just couldn't save all the stuff on the deck because it would be getting in the way of fishing. So you were just told to throw it overboard. And by the last year I was fishing, people were not even throwing cans overboard. Which, you know, cans in the ocean would probably only be there two or three years if they were exposed to enough salt. But, uh, very, very little garbage going overboard. And there are going to be those fishermen who are going to always throw garbage overboard but those that are in the middle range – I think those were the ones that were- a great deal of improvement. They were able to see that the beaches were littered with bottles. MORRIS: So there's at least a raised consciousness about - ? JEZ: Yeah, I think so. MORRIS: Did you always work for the same cannery? JEZ: The canner's name changed but it was basically the same cannery. MORRIS: And which was that? JEZ: Um, Whitney-Fidalgo changed to Far West changed to Trident. MORRIS: Are there any words of wisdom you would want to give to somebody – especially a woman – who wanted to go fishing? JEZ: To a woman who wanted to go fishing… Well, first of all, I guess if there's an opening on a boat and they act like they really want ya, be sure and check them out because there's a good chance there's a reason why there's an opening on a boat. The Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Katrina Jez Interview 9 really good boats are not going to have real easy openings. So the best advice is to find openings on the boats, go ahead and talk to people on the docks. That's a way to get the job is to spend time around the fishermen. But to, uh, once you find an opening, go talk to a couple of – at least a couple of skippers and ask them what they think of that person because, ge nerally, everybody knows everybody. MORRIS: When you say you've heard of women having problems on boats, what kind of problems? JEZ: There's a case where the skipper on the boat didn't have a great deal of respect for women. Although he did tell her he respected her for being good at nets, he did tell her that he had ever had doing the nets – doing the repairs on the nets. As far as, uh, how she was treated, she was treated more like a servant for his boys in that she had to get up at four in the morning and cook breakfast and, uh, there wasn't a lot of sharing of the cleaning duties. It was kind of expected that she would do it. And being that that was her first year fishing, she didn't know the different ways that other boats worked. And when you went down there were different ways that everyone could cook and can clean up and, you know, not just that you're tied to the kitchen stove the whole duration of your summer. And, uh, I think that that would probably be the worse – a lack of respect and the fact that he was his own person, he was an alcoholic and that caused some problems, too. MORRIS: Do you think, in general – you said there was raised consciousness about the environment and problems with that – do you think there's also more awareness of, like you said, drinking problems, and things that people traditionally have thought of when they think of fishermen in port? JEZ: Yeah. Uh, that's a tough question. I think there are a lot of people who fish because there's a certain freedom – it's a short season and when you see fishermen in town and during the winter, they are different people than they are on the boats. They don't really know what they're like on the boats when they're working compared to what they see in town. They can be two different, very different, people. Um, insurance rates may be affecting the amount of time that skippers spend in town because of the problems that can happen in town and because of the laws that, as a skipper, you're covering your person no matter what they're doing while they're up in Alaska. If they're drunk and fall down on the dock you can be sued, for the rest of the season, if they break their leg – even if you told them not to get drunk. You know, maybe some skippers are not going to be spending as much time in town if they're having some problems with their crewmembers. MORRIS: When you got together with other women up there what did you do? What did you talk about? JEZ: Probably men [laughter]. MORRIS: How they behave, or - ? Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Katrina Jez Interview 10 JEZ: Yeah yeah. I think it's more of just a blowing off of steam a little bit. But just like any other fishermen, you talk about the good catches, a good day or the bad day, um, you talk about what you were doing during the winter, what you've learned, what you've read. MORRIS: Did you often see the same women there every year? JEZ: Yeah, there's probably a group of about five or six women that are on the boats that you see. You know, and then there are women who are the skipper's wives and they're older couples and you don't see the m because the couple will tend to stay on the boat and just send their younger crew to town. MORRIS: So you were saying that on some boats the woman wouldn't realize that the cooking duties, the cleaning, et cetera could be shared? Is that the way it was then on your boat? JEZ: Yeah, on our boat when I got to town – I didn't cook every year. I only cooked three years. And I purposefully didn't start out cooking because I wanted to learn the engineering and I wanted to learn the net work and if I was in the kitchen – I figured I knew how to cook, I knew I didn't have any problem with that [laughter]. But in the end it worked out to be – because I was more particular about what I ate – and where the guys, they'd just be cooking grease and gravy and I would be more conscientious about cooking vegetables and preparing food a little bit better because I think my own particular tastes led me to cooking more than the fact that the job was this or that. MORRIS: But nobody expected you to - ? JEZ: Well, that's the thing, too, you know. It helped a lot having people on the boat who had been on boats before, that they understood that, you know, at night each person took turns washing dishes and if you cooked you didn't have to wash dishes at night because you had washed dishes all day long. Um, in town, you know, people pretty much would go their separate ways. Maybe we'd barbeque a fish together. One person would make a salad, one would cook a fish and that was, you know, a nice way to work it. It made more of a family atmosphere. MORRIS: Were all the crew members from Bellingham? JEZ: Um, the ones that I worked with mo stly, or the surrounding areas within an hour's drive of Bellingham. MORRIS: So did you see them during the year other than - ? JEZ: No, that's the thing about fishing is you rarely, um, see the people during the winter. We're like a moving city in the summer – you'd see people, you're friends with them. That's one of the things you do when you get back in the summer is you go around and see everybody, you know, you didn't see for eight months. So that's part of it. I guess Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Katrina Jez Interview 11 that's a little lonely because you get back and all these friendships you've developed you don't have until again the next year. MORRIS: So it really wasn't a matter of having a tight friendship all along. It was definitely a fishing relationship. JEZ: Mmm hmm. Um, I mean, you might see them. You know, maybe they'll have a party or a wedding and there'll be something that you go to but you wouldn't see them other than if you were around the docks working on the nets or at something that didn't involve fishing. Yeah, and then there's fall fishing but you only go out a couple of days a week. Then you go home. You're not staying out. It's a different kind of community because then there's Seattle people kind of fishing and everybody spreads out more whereas in Alaska you're more, as a group, together. MORRIS: And that fall fishing you do where? JEZ: Um, it's in Puget Sound, you know, around Edmonds, Kingston, Hood Canal. You can go up to Roberts Point up neat Blaine. MORRIS: Where do you keep your boat in the winter? JEZ: Uh, in Bellingham. You'll find people with boats in Bellingham, Everett, Seattle. [END OF SIDE A] [SIDE B] MORRIS: Was there anything else you wanted to say about being on boats? JEZ: Well, I think, as far as – you had asked earlier about women being on boats and if they should do it as a job and I think physically, uh, a woman can do it. I don't think there's a problem there with the hydraulics and the changing – I don't think that's a problem. I think you need to look at yourself and decide whether yo u can be on a small boat with four or five other people for two months. That can be a real problem. I think all people, by the end of the season, are ready to go home and get away from their other crewmates. Um, and each boat's different, has different personalities. I think you should spend some time traveling around the dock, meeting the skippers, meeting the people and try to find a boat most closely suited to your likes and desires. The food can change, the attitudes toward women can change and I think it's important to find some people that you are comfortable working with because you are with them for so many hours and it makes your life a lot easier, it'd make for a much nicer summer experience. MORRIS: And you said something about maybe fall fishing would be a good - ? JEZ: Yeah, fall fishing would be a good way to get an idea of what the work is like. You could go out for two days with someone and yo u wouldn't be committed. And you could Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123 Katrina Jez Interview 12 just go out for two days and that would be it, you wouldn't need to go out again with them if you didn't want to. Could see how the net works, how the crew works, how the crew works together. MORRIS: You know, in one of my previous interview someone made a comment about, um, work styles they thought of as women on boats where sometimes people fit in as stereotypes – "one of the boys ", the "mom", or something like that. Do you feel like anything like that exists? JEZ: Oh, I think so but I still think it's—you're who you are. Um, I mean they even tease skippers about being the dad and then they act like little kids sometimes as crewmembers. But I think if you just don't keep it up, like don't pick up after them and do the things that a mom would do then you don't fall into that stereotype so easily. MORRIS: So act like yourself? JEZ: Act like yourself and spend some time, like we do, talking to women on other boats, finding out how they're treated. It's really more about how to assert yourself and do your job. MORRIS: Unless you have anything else, I think that will do it. Thank you! [END OF TAPE] Women in the Commercial Fishing Industry Research Collection Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Western Washington University Bellingham WA 98225-9123


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Due to our explosive growth and innovation drive, we, DMS Holland, have taken on a new facility with a development / testing space, a showroom and extensive office facilities located on the Siloweg in 's-Hertogenbosch. Situated right on the water, it is an appropriate and ideal maritime environment. In the near future, our end customers will be able to moor up at the door.


Alaska big game officials have legalized an unusual hunt that will take a boat and a bold hand.
Musk oxen stranded on ice are doomed to drown or starve, said Patrick Jones, assistant state area biologist.
"This occurs every couple of years," Jones said from his office in Bethel. "It just seems like a waste for them not to harvest these animals."
Triangle Island in the Etolin Strait near Nunivak Island, Alaska, in the Bering Sea is seen from the air in June 2004.
There is little chance stranded musk oxen could swim to shore in the icy waters. "They're just terrible swimmers," Jones said.
The Alaska Board of Game changed the rule at the suggestion of residents of Mekoryuk, a Cu'pik (CHOOP'-ik) Eskimo community of 210 and the only village on Nunivak Island, which lies 30 miles off the Seward Peninsula, the projection of land north of the Aleutian Islands.
Muskoxen are stocky, long-haired animals that disappeared from Alaska by the 1920s, according to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Thirty-four East Greenland musk oxen in 1935 were moved to Nunivak Island, where they thrived. Animals from the transplanted herd were used to start four other Alaska herds and two in Russia.
Bulls stand 5 feet high at the shoulder and weigh up to 800 pounds. Cows reach 4 feet at the shoulder and can weigh up to 500 pounds. Their horns cover nearly their entire forehead.
When threatened, cows circle around calves, horns out, to protect the youngsters.
A survey in June estimated 740 muskoxen are on Nunivak, well above the department's target of 500 to 550. The department manages the numbers with hunting.
Doomed musk oxen on ice floes are most often spotted by hunters in boats seeking marine mammals. When hunting walrus or seal, hunters try to shoot the animal on ice so it doesn't sink. After a kill, they will run their boats right onto the ice to butcher the animal. If hunters harvest a musk ox, Jones expects the same thing to happen.
"They're pretty much experts at that kind of thing anyway, more so than the average person," Jones said.
No one is sure why musk oxen wander on to sea ice. They might be heading to the mainland or one of the smaller islands. "I think they're heading toward things they can see or smell in the distance," Jones said.
Ice covers much of the Bering Sea in winter. In spring, shore-fast ice routinely breaks and floats off. Pieces can be a quarter-acre or miles long, Jones said.
Alaska already had a hunting provision for musk oxen stranded on tiny islands that did not have enough summer food to keep the animals from starving. Hunters could apply for an emergency order to shoot them, Jones said. The process could take up to four days.
That wouldn't work with musk oxen on sea ice. Winds and tides can move ice miles. "You may not be able to find that ice floe again," Jones said.
The new hunt requires hunters to provide photographic proof that the animal was surrounded by salt water. That's a reasonable trade-off for not needing a permit, Jones said. "Most people have cellphones these days," he said.
Musk oxen are highly desired as game.
"A lot of people compare it to a goat or sheep. Also, it's one of the few wild animals that has fat marbled through the meat," Jones said. "It's incredible. It's really rich."


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text:
Hileithia costipunctalis är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Hans Georg Amsel 1956. Hileithia costipunctalis ingår i släktet Hileithia och familjen Crambidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Fjärilar
costipunctalis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Entrance Profile
Faith Protection
Man and Church
UOC Chancellor: God has the last word in any trials
Metropolitan of Boryspil and Brovary reminded the faithful that without grief it is impossible to save.
Metropolitan Anthony of Boryspil and Brovary urged the faithful to take an example from the ascetics of piety, who trusted God in everything.
"Christians today are faced with many questions: how not to lose faith and faithfulness, how to preserve hope and love in the midst of all this horror? What can we oppose to the numerous trials that have befallen us?" says Vladyka Anthony.
The metropolitan notes that many people, trying to find answers to all these questions, rely on personal experience and on examples of human history.
"Believers see all the worldly upheavals first and foremost through the prism of the Gospel, the Holy Scriptures and the lives of piety, who were able to renounce the hustle and bustle of worldly life and come to unity with God. What made the saints differ from us? The desire to go their own way to God, the determination to live according to the laws of the Kingdom of Heaven already in this life and full trust in God in every moment of their short earthly life," the hierarch highlighted.
"Before making any important decisions in their lives, they prayed to feel the good news from God in their hearts, and then they acted according to God's will, which was revealed to them. They checked their course amid the sea of life with the beacon of Christ's teaching. two-minded and did not suffer from spiritual schizophrenia, they were not torn between heaven and earth, between the fulfilment of God's commandments and life according to the laws of the sinful world," said Metropolitan Anthony.
To this, according to the hierarch, we are also called on, however, our sins and addictions lead us in the opposite direction from salvation.
"Salvation cannot take place amid comfort. Christ endured need and discomfort from childhood. He was born in a poor cave, was a refugee in Egypt, fasted for 40 days in the desert, and had no place to lay His head for His entire earthly life. Sinless, He accepted suffering, beatings and death on the Cross for us to fulfil the will of His Heavenly Father. Every Christian is called to follow the Saviour on the thorny path of asceticism. To be an ascetic means not to give up, not to break, to keep the light in yourself, to suffer without complaint and through suffering, step by step, to come closer to your Creator," the UOC Chancellor urged the faithful.
"The pain of the consequences of the Fall is present in every person, in ourselves, in our families, our country and in the whole world. Wherever you look, there are wars, death, hunger, cold and injustice. Once you watch the news release, your heart immediately feels pain. And that pain could break anyone if we did not know that God has the last word. All our sufferings have a deep meaning if we look at them from the perspective of eternity: even the worst evil is stopped by the merciful Lord and eventually turned into good. Everything in our life is arranged by God for our salvation, and the main vector of our life is directed upwards, to our Father's house," said Metropolitan Anthony.
Vladyka also reminded the faithful of the spiritual law, according to which a person who does not suffer is not comforted by God.
"Through sorrows, suffering and tears, in which humility is born, the Lord gives us His great consolation. God comforts the offended, the suffering, the sick and the destitute. He is always with those who are in trouble. God is always with us, too, if we do not forget about Him and our great calling – to become citizens of Heaven," the hierarch concluded.
As reported, Metropolitan Anthony of Boryspil and Brovary noted that people who remain faithful to Christ will definitely win.
UOC Metropolitan Anthony (Pakanich)
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Primate of the Church in Montenegro: Ukrainian authorities persecute UOC 30 January 18:52
Arestovych: Persecution of the Church ends badly for persecutors 30 January 16:41
Viatrovych: Those rejecting the Ukrainian church must leave the country 30 January 16:35
His Beatitude Onuphry appeals to UN due to discrimination against UOC 30 January 15:34
Viatrovych about UOC: No expertise needed, just ban it 30 January 15:27
MP: Law against UOC will cause conflicts, but we never mind 29 January 19:40
30 January 18:52
Primate of the Church in Montenegro: Ukrainian authorities persecute UOC 0
Arestovych: Persecution of the Church ends badly for persecutors 0
Viatrovych: Those rejecting the Ukrainian church must leave the country 0
His Beatitude Onuphry appeals to UN due to discrimination against UOC 0
Viatrovych about UOC: No expertise needed, just ban it 0
MP: Law against UOC will cause conflicts, but we never mind 0
Istanbul: Dumenko leads ecumenical "unity" prayer service at Phanar temple 0
NSDC Head: We will not tolerate the UOC kissing Putin on his forehead 0
Archbishop Viсtor: There will be no victory until Ukrainians turn to God 0
Head of Phanar to Dumenko: Now Pope Francis is closer to you 0
SEFC: Half of the facilities affected by the war belong to the UOC 0
Phanar head: The entire Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra should become Ukrainian 0
MP: Law banning confessions affiliated with Russia to be adopted in March 0
UOC Volyn priest takes humanitarian aid collected by eparchy to frontline 0
Koran publicly burned in Denmark, police guarding the action 0
Primate of the Church in Montenegro: Ukrainian authorities persecute UOC
Arestovych: Persecution of the Church ends badly for persecutors
His Beatitude Onuphry appeals to UN due to discrimination against UOC
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text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 21: 48 (1889)

#### Original name
null

### Remarks
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Somers Broad Sheet
A review by Chris Stewart of our annual Concert, Sat 30 June:
Nick Wyke and Becki Driscoll were a revelation. From the start they engaged the Somers crowd with their infectious sense of fun as well as their skill as performers. They obviously enjoy playing together and sharing their music, so the audience couldn't help but be swept along in their slipstream. With just two voices self-accompanied on violin and viola, they delivered a fascinating repertoire of traditional and original music from their local Devonian tradition, including their settings of the 'postman poet' Edward Capern.
Tunes were delivered with fluidity and a delicacy of touch as well as toe-tapping energy. For songs they exploited the natural fourths and fifths of their instruments to weave simple and evocative chordal accompaniments that also injected a joyous sense of rhythm, interleaved with virtuosic, melodic interludes. A number of club members echoed the same thought: why isn't this duo more famous? And: can we have them back again? The answer to the second question is: we certainly hope so.
The Living Tradition
John Oke Bartlett
The Songs Of Edward Capern The Postman Poet
Joyous is the only way to describe this masterful CD! I was instantly transported back into a half-forgotten world before the ravages and consequences of the First World War tore the very fabric of the English countryman's way of life into shreds forever. In many ways, I felt as if I was listening to an imaginary act three of Flora Thompson's Lark Rise. The whole gamut of human existence - joy, pain, loss and death - is displayed with such alacrity in both the writing and the music. This is even more remarkable as the work spans across two centuries.
Edward Capern, the source of the material, was born in Tiverton in 1819. After working in a lace factory from an early age he was forced to find alternative employment due to failing eyesight. Edward secured a job as a postman in Bideford and successfully published several volumes of poetry during his lifetime, all composed whilst trudging through the Devon countryside delivering the mail. The style, content and scope of the work provide an extraordinary window into a way of life and times gone by.
Skipping forward nearly 200 years from Edward's humble beginnings, Nick Wyke and Becki Driscoll have endowed his discerning poetry with equally exciting punchy contemporary folk music. As a singer songwriter myself, I am always drawn to the music first and the words second. If the tune is weak or derivative, that is enough to dissuade me from pursuing the song further. As a wordsmith, the content must be as good as the music, and what a symbiotic marriage of words and music we have here. The inclusion of old folk tunes, played with such a surety of touch is a masterful stroke of genius that raises the whole work to a much greater level. Nick and Becki have really delved into the inner workings of the poetry and created arrangements of great understanding and beauty, an accolade rarely given or deserved.
There is so much great music on this CD it is hard to single out any one song in particular, however Song Of The Keeper is interesting as it is unusually written from the point of view of the life of a gamekeeper. The Old-Fashioned Plough is a great chorus song which I shall be adding to my repertoire as soon as time allows. Kitty Lile has a sympathetic tune equal to the sadness of the loss of her fisherman husband, Billy. Perhaps the combined song and reading that tugs at the heart strings the most is the allegorical Epitaph / A Song In Sorrow.
If you admire great songwriting, inspired insightful singing, fantastic arrangements, or simply enjoy listening to folk music at its best, then I cannot recommend this album highly enough - pure joy from start to finish.
Bright Young Folk
Shelley Rainey
Edward Capern was a Victorian poet, writing in the mid-19th century. The album of "The Postman Poet" is the result of a collaboration between Liz Shakespeare, who wrote a novel of that name based on Capern's life, and Devon musicians Nick Wyke and Becki Driscoll.
Capern intended for some of his poems to be sung, and as he composed many while walking, they have a natural rhythm which makes them most suitable for being set to music. The album contains a selection of Capern's poems, mainly sung but with some spoken by Chris Braund. The songs are punctuated by traditional tunes.
Nick Wyke and Becki Driscoll are accomplished musicians. well as fiddles, they can also be heard playing viola, guitar, mandolin, ukulele, piano, tin whistle and glockenspiel. Ellen Driscoll adds French horn to the final track, while James Budden's double bass adds depth to four.
As Edward Capern meant for many of his poems to be sung they certainly make the transition from spoken to sung word well. From the first notes, the songs have a familiar feel to them, demonstrating how well the poems work as songs.
One could say that all Devon life is here. Many of the songs are in praise of country life and traditional ways. The Old-Fashioned Plough champions the traditional horse-drawn plough, as being far preferable to the new-fangled steam version. With its strings and tin whistle accompaniment, it sounds like a traditional folk song.
The simple pleasures in life, like a good hearty meal after a long day's work are celebrated in The Dinner Bell, which has an almost nursery-rhyme like quality.
Nature, and especially the birdlife, is lauded in The Spring o' the Dawn. Wyke sings in praise of the joys of early morning and the wildlife one can see at that time of day to a suitably joyful tune. In contrast to the other tracks on the album, The Song of the Keeper is a striking a capella duet.
Of course, any community will experience heartbreak and tragedy. Kitty Lile; or, Mazed Kate of Clovelley is beautifully poignant. It begins and ends with the sound of the sea and gulls. It is one of those stories so common in folk song, of a love lost at sea.
Driscoll sings The Robin as Weeping to a piano accompaniment which imitates the tolling of a bell. It is the heart-breaking song of the death of a child, a subject also covered in the part-sung, part-spoken Epitaph/A Song in Sorrow which also uses piano and strings.
It is perhaps appropriate for the album to end at Christmas with the glorious lilting waltz Christmas Bells. This has the glockenspiel imitating a chiming bell while the fiddles imitate a peals of bells. Here we also hear the French horn and double bass.
This album is a delight from start to finish.
Folk North West Magazine
Anna Noble
The Willows Folk Club, Kirkham
Nick Wyke & Becki Driscoll are a duo based in North Devon, with a vibrant take on English Folk music. They treated the audience at The Willows Folk Club to a spectacular display of seamless harmony and complex rhythms played out on various combinations of violin and viola.
Their repertoire was very much tied to their Devon roots taking many traditional songs and giving them a new lease of life, as well as showcasing original material. I particularly enjoyed 'Rambleaway' with Nick's strong vocals accompanied by the melodic conversation of the two violins.
The material was not limited to the West Country; they seemed to tae inspiration from many different sounds from around the world. In particular Becki's instrumental 'Terra da Lua' transports the listener to the majestic beaches of Brazil, which is then blended perfectly into an English Country Dancing standard 'John of Paris. I found this eclectic approach extremely exciting to the ears.
Not only was the quality of the music astounding but the performance was filled with humorous anecdotes, the two managing to weave almost a comedy double act into their set. The audience very much enjoyed several opportunities to sing along in songs like 'The Exmoor Ram' and 'The Torrington Ringers'…
Overall Nick & Becki managed to deliver to the audience filled folk club an evening that mixed dark historic tales with upbeat laughter, and soaring musicality.
FolkWorld
Beneath the Black Tree Review
"Nick Wyke and Becki Driscoll are both virtuoso fiddlers and with their new album they have succeeded a masterpiece of English folk music. Their playing together is awesome and with three first class guest musicians they have created an innovative and exceptional sound."
Mike Wilson's Music Blog
Beneath The Black Tree succeeds by presenting traditional music through confident and considerate arrangements that avoid ramshackle pastiche, by opting for a refined performance that owes as much to chamber music as it might to folk music. The recording is beautifully open, allowing you to savour each subtle cadence and appreciate the uncluttered interplay between the instruments.
Musician (MU magazine)
Fiddle players, composers and workshop leaders Nick and Becki hail from North Devon and produce top drawer music that's gaining them a nationwide reputation as true keepers of the flame. Nick's solo experience and his time with Cornish band Sacred Turf, plus Becki's career as part of the ceilidh group Sundance and with the Angel Brothers, has combined with their passion for the southwest's traditional songs and airs, to produce an album that's simply bursting with vitality and freshness. Barnstaple to Umberleigh is a particular delight, with its light-as-air feel, and this is followed by the old tale of Benjamin Bowmaneer, featuring Nick's strong, deep vocals. Great stuff.
Spiral Earth
David Kushar
Beneath the Black Tree' isn't played exclusively on fiddles but this is where you'll find the album's heartbeat. It's the thrill of wood and string and the glory of acoustic instruments that is on show here. Two fiddles played with a recorded clarity that lets you follow each microtonal shift as they work in complimentary patterns - akin to a strand of DNA spiralling off in search of a natural conclusion.


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text:
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1
VALUE_ERROR (nil)
External IDs
GeneCards: [1]
RefSeq (mRNA)
RefSeq (protein)
Location (UCSC)
PubMed search
View/Edit Human
Selectin P ligand, also known as SELPLG or CD162 (cluster of differentiation 162), is a human gene.
SELPLG codes for PSGL-1, the high affinity counter-receptor for P-selectin on myeloid cells and stimulated T lymphocytes. As such, it plays a critical role in the tethering of these cells to activated platelets or endothelia expressing P-selectin.
The organization of the SELPLG gene closely resembles that of CD43 and the human platelet glycoprotein GpIb-alpha both of which have an intron in the 5-prime-noncoding region, a long second exon containing the complete coding region, and TATA-less promoters.[1]
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a glycoprotein found on white blood cells and endothelial cells that binds to P-selectin (P stands for platelet), which is one of a family of selectins that includes E-selectin (endothelial) and L-selectin (leukocyte). Selectins are part of the broader family of cell adhesion molecules. PSGL-1 can bind to all three members of the family but binds best (with the highest affinity) to P-selectin.
1 Posttranslational modification
Posttranslational modification
PSGL-1 protein requires two distinct posttranslational modifications to gain its selectin binding activity:[2][3][4][5]
sulfation of tyrosines
the addition of the sialyl Lewis x tetrasaccharide (sLex) to its O-linked glycans
PSGL-1 is expressed on all white blood cells and plays an important role in the recruitment of white blood cells into inflamed tissue: White blood cells normally do not interact with the endothelium of blood vessels. However, inflammation causes the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) such as P-selectin on the surface of the blood vessel wall. White blood cells present in flowing blood can interact with CAM. The first step in this interaction process is carried out by PSGL-1 interacting with P-selectin and/or E-selectin on endothelial cells and adherent platelets. This interaction results in "rolling" of the white blood cell on the endothelial cell surface followed by stable adhesion and transmigration of the white blood cell into the inflamed tissue.[citation needed]
In mice it seems to be an immune factor regulating T-cell checkpoints, and it could be a target for future checkpoint inhibitor anti-cancer drugs.[6]
↑ "Entrez Gene: SELPLG selectin P ligand".
↑ Li F, Wilkins PP, Crawley S, et al. (1996). "Post-translational modifications of recombinant P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 required for binding to P- and E-selectin". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (6): 3255–64. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.6.3255. PMID 8621728.
↑ Wilkins PP, Moore KL, McEver RP, Cummings RD (1995). "Tyrosine sulfation of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 is required for high affinity binding to P-selectin". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (39): 22677–80. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.39.22677. PMID 7559387.
↑ Sako D, Comess KM, Barone KM, et al. (1995). "A sulfated peptide segment at the amino terminus of PSGL-1 is critical for P-selectin binding". Cell. 83 (2): 323–31. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90173-6. PMID 7585949.
↑ Pouyani T, Seed B (1995). "PSGL-1 recognition of P-selectin is controlled by a tyrosine sulfation consensus at the PSGL-1 amino terminus". Cell. 83 (2): 333–43. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90174-4. PMID 7585950.
↑ Immune Factor Seen to Control T-Cell Checkpoints Involved in Spread of Cancers and Infections. June 2016
Furie B, Furie BC (2004). "Role of platelet P-selectin and microparticle PSGL-1 in thrombus formation". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 10 (4): 171–8. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.02.008. PMID 15059608.
Sako D, Chang XJ, Barone KM, et al. (1993). "Expression cloning of a functional glycoprotein ligand for P-selectin". Cell. 75 (6): 1179–86. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90327-M. PMID 7505206.
Moore KL, Eaton SF, Lyons DE, et al. (1994). "The P-selectin glycoprotein ligand from human neutrophils displays sialylated, fucosylated, O-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (37): 23318–27. PMID 7521878.
Veldman GM, Bean KM, Cumming DA, et al. (1995). "Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding human P-selectin glycoprotein ligand". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (27): 16470–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.27.16470. PMID 7541799.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Guyer DA, Moore KL, Lynam EB, et al. (1996). "P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a ligand for L-selectin in neutrophil aggregation". Blood. 88 (7): 2415–21. PMID 8839831.
Goetz DJ, Greif DM, Ding H, et al. (1997). "Isolated P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 dynamic adhesion to P- and E-selectin". J. Cell Biol. 137 (2): 509–19. doi:10.1083/jcb.137.2.509. PMC 2139768. PMID 9128259.
Fuhlbrigge RC, Kieffer JD, Armerding D, Kupper TS (1997). "Cutaneous lymphocyte antigen is a specialized form of PSGL-1 expressed on skin-homing T cells". Nature. 389 (6654): 978–81. doi:10.1038/40166. PMID 9353122.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Snapp KR, Ding H, Atkins K, et al. (1998). "A novel P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 monoclonal antibody recognizes an epitope within the tyrosine sulfate motif of human PSGL-1 and blocks recognition of both P- and L-selectin". Blood. 91 (1): 154–64. PMID 9414280.
Bennett EP, Hassan H, Mandel U, et al. (1998). "Cloning of a human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-Galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that complements other GalNAc-transferases in complete O-glycosylation of the MUC1 tandem repeat". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (46): 30472–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.46.30472. PMID 9804815.
Wimazal F, Ghannadan M, Müller MR, et al. (2000). "Expression of homing receptors and related molecules on human mast cells and basophils: a comparative analysis using multi-color flow cytometry and toluidine blue/immunofluorescence staining techniques". Tissue Antigens. 54 (5): 499–507. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.1999.540507.x. PMID 10599889.
Epperson TK, Patel KD, McEver RP, Cummings RD (2000). "Noncovalent association of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and minimal determinants for binding to P-selectin". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (11): 7839–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.11.7839. PMID 10713099.
André P, Spertini O, Guia S, et al. (2000). "Modification of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 with a natural killer cell-restricted sulfated lactosamine creates an alternate ligand for L-selectin". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (7): 3400–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.040569797. PMC 16251. PMID 10725346.
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P-selectin+glycoprotein+ligand-1 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation)
CD91 - CD92
CD140b
CD158 (a
CDw198
CD213a
CD240CE
CD240D
CD247 - CD248
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=P-selectin_glycoprotein_ligand-1&oldid=1415588"
Genes on human chromosome
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States National Library of Medicine
Clusters of differentiation
Receptors
This page was last edited 19:46, 1 November 2017 by wikidoc anonymous user En>JCW-CleanerBot. Based on work by wikidoc anonymous user en>JCW-CleanerBot.


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