text:
How APIs Are Driving Smart Cities
Jennifer Riggins
Application programming interfaces (APIs) are running your smart city. The bicycle rental system that suggests the best route. The city-wide FixIt app that can be used to send photographic proof of that painful pothole. The sensor at that dang traffic light that leads to that unhappy notice a week later. Your city's 311 system. Nearly everything your town council is enacting in an effort to become a smarter, more technologically savvy city involves APIs working from behind the scenes.
But future smart cities aren't just about being the most high-tech; they're much more about being the most clever.
Iemke Idsingh of Oracle's Smart City Platform believes a truly smart city is one that maximizes on existing resources. According to Idsingh, the "resources are already there—you've already paid for it, so you better make use of it."
As we look to open up APIs to connect citizen-focused products and services, what should we be concentrating on?
Speaking at the 2014 Smart City Expo in Barcelona, Idsignh said that developers and government officials working together to design a smart city should envision a city-wide nervous system. "Sense what is happening from humans, sensors, and businesses. Sharing responsibilities." Sentient infrastructures should maximize on existing data that is going unused.
Smart cities are lean, re-innovating with collaboration and shared responsibilities. "Budget constraints more and more drive collaboration, harmonization and modernization," Idsignh continued, "and social networks allow citizens to engage again, tapping into each other's creativity." The public sector must work with the private in developing and utilizing sensors plugged into the Internet of Things (IoT).
As cities are naturally unpredictable environments, the interconnectivity of APIs enable cities and citizens to predict and plan again.
What Defines a Smart City?
Possibly much broader than even trying to define what the Internet of Things is, a smart city is one that looks to use technology to make a city more affordable and more livable. A smart city can improve upon:
power generation and lighting
aesthetics such as fountains
tourism…among countless other areas.
No matter what factors contribute to a smart city, APIs that are creating the interoperability to connect them all. Because of the massive amounts of data being generated and shared across functions and departments via these APIs, smart cities are becoming more evidence-based, and collected urban data is beginning to influence policy decisions.
As lean governance shakes the city life, a smart city must be focused on preparedness instead of plans, balancing interests instead of control.
Katya Serova, vice president of the Russia-based Habidatum International spontaneous urban data software, described the new urban tech revolution as "A new culture of looking at the city not as a territory but as a space-time object that needs reaction," following citizens with real-time data.
Smart cities are based on lean planning in design and development too. Smart cities are agile. The interoperability of APIs enables real-time data that can reduce four or five-year plans to four or five-week plans.
And smart cities are inherently mobile cities.
The common spine for the security, safety and functionality of a smart city is often the sensors, but, as Donald Clark of Schneider Electric pointed out, where these aren't installed, "the best sensor is a person with their mobile."
For that to be viable, all APIs, applications, and services designed for the smart city must be geolocated and integrated across functions. This empowers citizens to be consistently active in the government.
APIs Break Down Silos in the Smart City
Besides the typical bureaucratic barriers that come with enacting any widespread change, perhaps the greatest challenge facing aspiring smart cities is that so much of the data is in silos, walling off collaboration.
Amr Salem, a planner of Cisco's Internet of Things Forum, believes these silos should be broken down to integrate services between agencies. Salem argued this must be done with a "change to infrastructure first, deconstructing the nature of the multiple silos." For example, a sensor being used for traffic control should also be used to deliver data to a security center.
He further recommends that cities should open up this data to start-ups and corporations in order to fuel local economic, social, and environmental industry.
"In actuality, people don't want more data, they want more answers…actionable insights." According to Salem, data silos have to be broken down in a way that privileges smart analytics to encourage innovation.
The Citizen, Not the Government, Should Be at the Center of Smart City Design
As we've written about before, there are seven necessary questions to ask when designing an API with the human being in mind. These parameters are even more crucial when designing an API for a smart city and its citizens:
Is the API Useful?
Is the API Usable?
Is the API Desirable?
Is the API Discoverable?
Is the API Accessible?
Is the API Credible?
Is the API Valuable?
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT's SENSEable City Lab is focused on creating a flexible and accessible API for sensors in cities. Carlo Ratti, the lab's director, believes that connector modules are critical for developing a platform that utilizes many different types of real-time data. In order to accomplish this, APIs must be structured with easy usability in mind. "API development is aimed at enabling a data query mechanism that allows users with little programming experience to easily tap the data pool brought together on the platform," Ratti said.
The Smart City Isn't Just About Connectivity, It's About Functionality
"Connectivity is an enabler but not a necessity for a smart city. Functionality is the citizen who is empowered by and whose life is improved by the Internet of Things," said Clark. Creating and implementing the Internet of Things isn't just about building a brand; it's about tying everything together with not only vertical but horizontal integrations.
Clark compares a smart city to the human body—every part is suited for a purpose in symbiosis. The heart must be able to function on its own, but, if the heart stops, the brain is immediately notified. If any information is delayed, the system as a whole fails. A perfect analogy to the need for real-time data exchange in a smart urban environment.
For an ecosystem to prosper, each contributing technology must be designed with low-level interoperability in mind. Clark offers the example of a barcode on a can. From the supply chain, to the vendor, and to the moment a clerk swipes it at checkout, every barcode scan is seamlessly repurposed and integrated with larger systems.
City-wide IoT Requires Open and Shared Resources
Rather than reinvent the Internet, a common technique for implementing IoT is for cities to publish on repository hosting services and open data resources, allowing other public departments, private entities, and even citizens to access and build on each city's APIs. This is exactly what the City of Philadelphia is doing.
Philadelphia stakes claim to being the largest government user of GitHub, publishing all their open data, and even selectively contracting external developers under the condition they will publish their source code.
Tim Wisnieswski, chief of the data office for Philadelphia, said that following this practice "allows us to build cheaper and quicker." Rather than increase economic competition, Wisnieswki believes this helps foster a collaborative spirit.
Smart Cities Collaborate With Each Other to Save Time and Money
Smart cities aren't racing other cities to create the bigger, better, or faster product. Rather, API-enabled data exchange between cities is recognized by many as a much easier and faster route to mutually prove success, replicate, and enact new advancements. Platforms are popping up around the world to enable cities to do just that.
Bart Rousseu, from the administration of Belgium's second largest city Ghent, admits that "As a city, as a government, we're not used to getting free consulting, but these networks" of cities sharing information help. 50 percent of Rousseu's job is simply getting people on board with new technologies. However, with cities and even countries working together to share data and statistics, its easier to convince lawmakers of the value to be had in modernizing their cities.
Collaborating across borders, cities gain access to a wider resource pool. The open distribution of costs, failures, and successes associated with city-wide technological adoption could dramatically reduce the cost and development time for new smart cities across the globe.
CitySDK Looks to Use APIs to Connect E.U. Cities and Citizens
The City Service Development Kit (CitySDK), co-funded by the European Union, is an initiative to increase smart city development. The group is implementing solutions for Lisbon, Helsinki, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Manchester, Istanbul, Lamia, and Rome, and welcomes the participation of other cities.
Though an intergovernmental program, CitySDK welcomes private and corporate developers to participate as well, as interested developers often have apps that "could easily be redeveloped for other cities—if cities were more interoperable."
CitySDK aims to enable API interoperability, pushing for common interfaces and data sets in similar formats. This is being done by establishing:
various European city uniform APIs
relevant data sources for smart participation, smart mobility and smart tourism
expansive markets that require only minimum adoption of apps in order to function
easy-to-use APIs
helpful resources such as code libraries, SDKs, apps, and platforms
consolidated knowledge and experience through a global CitySDK developer community
There are three main APIs that the CitySDK is focusing on:
Open311 API: Allows citizens to send service requests to city's feedback system. XML and JSON formats can be used.
Linked Data API: For transport, mobility and geographical data. Returns JSON, JSON-LD, Geo-JSON and RDF/Turtle.
Tourism API: A RESTful location-based mobile service for tourists.
According to Amsterdam's representative for CitySDK Wouter Meys, "collaboration isn't something extra but it should be simply a best business practice," encouraging city governments to "collaborate like startups."
Will API Collaboration Ultimately Produce Smarter Cities?
Only time will tell if future smart cities are the successful results of current efforts toward intergovernmental collaboration by groups such as CitySDK. What we do know is that when cities, businesses, and especially citizens open up APIs, they open up collaboration that drives innovation, and, only with innovation do smarter cities have a chance to arise.
Are you involved? How are you opening up your API to be included in the next generation of smart cities? Tell us below!
api, API platforms, APIs, open data, smart cities, smart citiy
Jennifer, as a marketer and writer, helps individuals and small businesses develop their vision and brand, turning it into an actionable, profitable future. She especially loves working with start-ups, SaaS and Spain-based innovators.
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text:
<?php

/**
 * @file
 * Contains \Drupal\Core\KeyValueStore\DatabaseStorageExpirable.
 */

namespace Drupal\Core\KeyValueStore;

use Drupal\Component\Serialization\SerializationInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Database\Connection;
use Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Merge;

/**
 * Defines a default key/value store implementation for expiring items.
 *
 * This key/value store implementation uses the database to store key/value
 * data with an expire date.
 */
class DatabaseStorageExpirable extends DatabaseStorage implements KeyValueStoreExpirableInterface {

  /**
   * Overrides Drupal\Core\KeyValueStore\StorageBase::__construct().
   *
   * @param string $collection
   *   The name of the collection holding key and value pairs.
   * @param \Drupal\Component\Serialization\SerializationInterface $serializer
   *   The serialization class to use.
   * @param \Drupal\Core\Database\Connection $connection
   *   The database connection to use.
   * @param string $table
   *   The name of the SQL table to use, defaults to key_value_expire.
   */
  public function __construct($collection, SerializationInterface $serializer, Connection $connection, $table = 'key_value_expire') {
    parent::__construct($collection, $serializer, $connection, $table);
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function has($key) {
    return (bool) $this->connection->query('SELECT 1 FROM {' . $this->connection->escapeTable($this->table) . '} WHERE collection = :collection AND name = :key AND expire > :now', array(
      ':collection' => $this->collection,
      ':key' => $key,
      ':now' => REQUEST_TIME,
    ))->fetchField();
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function getMultiple(array $keys) {
    $values = $this->connection->query(
      'SELECT name, value FROM {' . $this->connection->escapeTable($this->table) . '} WHERE expire > :now AND name IN ( :keys[] ) AND collection = :collection',
      array(
        ':now' => REQUEST_TIME,
        ':keys[]' => $keys,
        ':collection' => $this->collection,
      ))->fetchAllKeyed();
    return array_map(array($this->serializer, 'decode'), $values);
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function getAll() {
    $values = $this->connection->query(
      'SELECT name, value FROM {' . $this->connection->escapeTable($this->table) . '} WHERE collection = :collection AND expire > :now',
      array(
        ':collection' => $this->collection,
        ':now' => REQUEST_TIME
      ))->fetchAllKeyed();
    return array_map(array($this->serializer, 'decode'), $values);
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  function setWithExpire($key, $value, $expire) {
    $this->connection->merge($this->table)
      ->keys(array(
        'name' => $key,
        'collection' => $this->collection,
      ))
      ->fields(array(
        'value' => $this->serializer->encode($value),
        'expire' => REQUEST_TIME + $expire,
      ))
      ->execute();
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  function setWithExpireIfNotExists($key, $value, $expire) {
    $result = $this->connection->merge($this->table)
      ->insertFields(array(
        'collection' => $this->collection,
        'name' => $key,
        'value' => $this->serializer->encode($value),
        'expire' => REQUEST_TIME + $expire,
      ))
      ->condition('collection', $this->collection)
      ->condition('name', $key)
      ->execute();
    return $result == Merge::STATUS_INSERT;
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  function setMultipleWithExpire(array $data, $expire) {
    foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
      $this->setWithExpire($key, $value, $expire);
    }
  }

  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function deleteMultiple(array $keys) {
    parent::deleteMultiple($keys);
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Jacques Zegers (born 25 June 1947, Brussels) is a Belgian singer, best known for his participation in the 1984 Eurovision Song Contest.

Early career
Born in Brussels to a Belgian mother and French father, Zegers began singing in cabaret at the age of 16 and in his spare time would participate in song contests while pursuing a career as a journalist. He released two singles, "La nuit" and "Pour elle", in 1983. He was then asked to record "LA en Olympie", the official Belgian song for the 1984 Summer Olympics.

Eurovision Song Contest
In 1984, Zegers's song "Avanti la vie" was chosen as the Belgian representative in the 29th Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 5 May in Luxembourg City. "Avanti la vie" scored 70 points to finish in fifth place of 19 entries.

Later career

After Eurovision, Zegers released one more single, "1001 amis", and continued to pursue his journalistic career. He published a novel entitled Le nœud and several volumes of poetry.

Discography

Singles

"La nuit" (1983)
"Pour elle" (1983)
"LA en Olympie" (1984)
"Avanti la vie" (1984)
"1001 amis" (1984)

References

Belgian male singers
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Belgium
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1984
Musicians from Brussels
1947 births
Living people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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A heart on the scales: DACA decision is only temporary relief for Keizer woman
The recent DACA victory in the Supreme Court provided a small win for DACA recipients. Keizerite Itzel Hernandez is a recipient of DACA protections, but years of uncertainty are fostering frustration
Eric A. Howald
June 26, 2020 at 8:30am
Keizerite Itzel Hernandez is a recipient of DACA protections, but years of uncertainty are fostering frustration.
Amemait is salivating.
In ancient Egyptian belief, Amemait is the devourer of souls that fail the weighing of hearts to gain entry to the afterlife. In Egyptian art, she has a hippo's hindquarters, the trunk and mane of a lion and the crocodile's face. It was believed that, upon death, one only gained entry to the afterlife after their heart was weighed against a feather of Ma'at, who embodied truth, balance, order, harmony, morality and justice.
The deceased's heart was placed on one side of a scale and Ma'at's feather on the other. If the scale balanced, the soul proceeded to the Field of Reeds. Amemait ate those with heavier hearts.
Keizerite Itzel Hernandez felt as though she's been dangled over Amemait's crocodilian jaw ever since applying for protection under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, a package of protections for the children of undocumented immigrants brought to the United States while minors.
"It's a Band Aid," said Hernandez of DACA, put in place by President Barack Obama in 2012. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled last week that the program could continue despite attempts by President Donald Trump to end it. DACA stipulates that children brought to the U.S. under the age of 15 can apply deferred action from deportation and become eligible for work permits and driver's licenses and attend colleges and universities without fear of reprisal. DACA recipients cannot have been convicted of a felony or serious crimes, they cannot receive federal student aid and DACA does not provide a path to citizenship. DACA protections also have to be renewed every two years, which is where the analogy to Egyptian lore emerges. "We have to go back every two years and see if our life is still worth it. That's not fair. My parents ... they've just gone through too much for them to keep going through it again and again."
The analogy to Egyptian belief falls short of encompassing all that DACA recipients face, however. In lore, the same court is judging all souls that pass into the afterlife. For people like Hernandez, as a result of the way in which Obama enacted the DACA – through executive action – the "court" presiding over her fate will change each time the presidency switches hands or parties.
The Trump Administration attempted to end DACA based on the findings of a lower court in regard to a state-level program without having to take responsibility for ending it outright. A majority of the Supreme Court, led by conservative Chief Justice John Roberts, returned a decision that will require the Administration to seek a more active stance in discontinuing DACA protection. President Trump has already said on multiple occasions that he plans to do so.
Hernandez said news of the reprieve for DACA recipients was met with relief, but it does precious little to alleviate the strains on hearts still on the scales. She speaks not only for herself, but on behalf of the people she works with as a volunteer on the Oregon DACA Coalition.
"It's temporary relief, temporary victory. We've been hoping for the best and getting ready for the worst," said Hernandez, 22, of the days leading up to the decision. "We were pretty sure we were going to lose everything. If we had lost, we were focused on having people contact their Congress members and forming emotional support groups. We also had lawyers working on new drafts of DACA so that it could continue."
Losing everything would mean rippling effects throughout the nation. Hernandez graduated from Chemeketa Community College and is now a dental assistant with the Boys & Girls Club of Salem, Marion and Polk Counties. She was, at one time, a patient of the same community service she helps provide now. Her twin sister, a Chemeketa and Portland State University alum, is a social worker in Portland.
After eight years, the initial DACA recipients, who are now in their twenties, hold jobs throughout the country with many in critical roles serving the nation as it responds to the coronavirus pandemic.
For Hernandez, and her sister, DACA changed the trajectory of their lives in ways few who were born in this country – and all white people – can fathom.
"You're so thankful, and you start to feel a little more safe, and you recognize you are being given a sort of privilege that other people don't have," she said.
Hernandez's mother and father left the twins with grandparents and crossed into America in hope of a better life than the one they were living in the city of Chemutal in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. Her mother was an accountant and her father, who had only made it through high school, had difficulty finding consistent work that supported a family.
"They told us that when they had something here, they would bring us over too," Hernandez said. "It was definitely hard to see them go, but I knew that we were hopefully going to reunite again, which not a lot of families can do."
The girls and their grandparents joined the couple when the twins were 7 years old.
"They have different ways of hiding you in a car, it was very scary," Hernandez said.
To support the family, Hernandez's mother worked two jobs, her father worked three – manufacturing dog leashes, at a restaurant and, also, a bread company. As work opportunities were prone to shift from season to season, the family frequently moved back and forth from California and Oregon. Despite finding a new level of success, the move to America took another, unexpected toll.
"My grandma wanted to pass away in Chetumal but, because my grandparents had to bring us, they died here. I feel a sort of guilt that she had to leave everything behind for us," Hernandez said.
Her mother helped the twins assimilate to their new home with assignments to watch English-language television. Hernandez was fortunate to have a classmate that translated what was happening in classes at American schools.
Hernandez was a senior at North Salem High School when she applied for DACA protections and the program unlocked a slew of new opportunities.
"There were little things people take for granted, like being able to drive my mom to the grocery store," Hernandez said.
Applying for DACA protections wasn't a decision the family arrived at without heavy contemplation.
"The top conversation that we had was about giving the government all of our information," she said. "It wasn't the information that my sister and I gave that worried us, it was having to give information about our parents."
They decided it was worth the risk because it meant the twins would be eligible to attend college, even if it meant working their way through school on their own while attending classes and helping support the family. Both women still work two jobs, almost out of habit.
Around the same time, the Hernandez family added a new sister to the family, she's now 8 years old. Unfortunately, part of her inheritance is a different version of the nightmares her parents and sisters lived while undocumented in the United States.
"She's worried that, one of these days, we're not going to be here. She understands that," Hernandez said, fighting back tears. "And she knows that sometimes we're waiting to hear if we have to leave. She has to live with that fear, too."
The young adults protected by DACA are often referred to as "Dreamers," but Hernandez thinks that label is better suited to her parents.
"My parents brought me here for a reason, because they believed that America had more for us. They have always said it since the day they left," she said.
Before DACA, Hernandez's mother would become dismayed because the twins felt they might have been brought to the U.S. "for nothing" or, at best, to live as second-class citizens. DACA protections allow them to live with more freedom and liberty, an American promise if not necessarily the dream her family traveled here with. But it all still comes with a sense of foreboding.
"I wouldn't know how to dream without my parents, but I demand something more permanent," she said. "I do not want to be here again wondering if who knows who will cancel [DACA]. It's very exhausting. They need to come up with a better plan, a pathway to citizenship. It's not going to be easy, but wouldn't you want something more permanent?"
Until then, every two years, Hernandez's heart will be put back on the DACA scale, and Amemait is salivating.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Phenomenology is a way of thinking about ourselves and the very personal, subjective nature of experience. It's a school of thought in psychology that focuses on phenomena, or, the experiences that we get from our senses – what we see, taste, smell, etc. Somehow we saw a link between phenomenology and whisky.
Rather than try to settle on whose perceptions were 'right' or 'wrong', we were inspired by the phenomenological school of thought to consider how different people experience the same phenomenon. In celebration of the subjectivity of whisky tasting, we released this whisky in September 2017 without any tasting notes or flavour descriptors to invite people to first experience the whisky without preconception.
Only some time after Phenomenology was released were details about the blend made public, and you can look them up for yourself at the link below. Suffice it to say, the recipe revolved mainly around two component whiskies (out of five total), but out of respect for John Glaser's vision we reviewed our sample of Phenomenology without cheating. Thoughts follow.
On the nose, Phenomenology is incredibly fruity with a spun sugar sweetness. Bright and juicy green apple notes are balanced with caramelized banana, pineapple, and vanilla cream icing with subtle traces of cinnamon, nutmeg, and fresh sawdust lingering in the background. Like many Compass Box whiskies, the palate on Phenomenology is light but complex with a honeyed mouthfeel. There's evidence of dark red fruits and a little melon, but the apple and tropical notes from the nose are found, too, all jumbled in a buttery, fruit tart concoction that lingers on the slightly spicy and generous finish. It's honestly a bit hard to keep track of it all, but the flavors stay in harmony somehow, held together with just the slightest touch of smoke and salinity. True to its makers' intentions, it's a blend that has a little bit of something for every whisky palate. Nicely done.


text:
using CavemanTools;
using Xunit;
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using Xunit.Extensions;

namespace XTests
{
    public class PaginationTests
    {
        private Stopwatch _t = new Stopwatch();

        public PaginationTests()
        {

        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(1,0)]
        [InlineData(2,10)]
        public void skips_from_page(int page,long skip)
        {
            var p = new Pagination(page,10);
            Assert.Equal(skip,p.Skip);
        }

        //[Fact]
        //public void page_from_skips()
        //{
        //    var p = Pagination.Create(12, 5);
        //    Assert.Equal(2,p.Page);
        //}

        protected void Write(string format, params object[] param)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(format, param);
        }
    }
}


text:
Lewan Georgijewicz Sanadze gruz. ლევან სანაძე, ros. Леван Георгиевич Санадзе (ur. 16 sierpnia 1928 w Tbilisi, zm. 22 sierpnia 1998 w Moskwie) – gruziński lekkoatleta startujący w barwach ZSRR, sprinter, medalista olimpijski i mistrz Europy.

Na mistrzostwach Europy w 1950 w Brukseli zdobył wraz z kolegami (byli to: Władimir Suchariew, Lew Kalajew i Nikołaj Karakułow) złoty medal w sztafecie 4 × 100 metrów. Sanadze biegł na 3. zmianie. Wystąpił na tych mistrzostwach także w biegu na 200 metrów, ale odpadł w półfinale.

Podczas igrzysk olimpijskich w 1952 w Helsinkach Sanadze startował w biegu na 100 metrów (odpadł w eliminacjach), biegu na 200 metrów (odpadł w ćwierćfinale) oraz w sztafecie 4 × 100 metrów. Sztafeta (w składzie: Boris Tokariew, Kalajew, Sanadze i Suchariew) zdobyła srebrny medal po zaciętej walce ze sztafetą Stanów Zjednoczonych.

Na mistrzostwach Europy w 1954 w Bernie Sanadze odpadł w eliminacjach biegu na 100 metrów, ale w sztafecie 4 × 100 metrów (Tokariew, Wiktor Riabow, Sanadze i Łeonid Barteniew) zdobył brązowy medal.

Był wicemistrzem akademickich mistrzostw świata (UIE) w biegu na 100 metrów w 1953 i 1954.

Zdobył mistrzostwo ZSRR w sztafecie 4 × 100 metrów w 1948 i 1952, wicemistrz w biegu na 100 metrów w 1948, 1952 i 1954, w biegu na 200 metrów w 1948 i w sztafecie 4 × 100 metrów w 1954, brązowy medalista w biegu na 100 metrów w 1949, 1950 i 1953 oraz w biegu na 200 metrów w 1954.

W 1957 otrzymał tytuł Zasłużonego Mistrza Sportu ZSRR.

Rekordy  życiowe
Miał następujące rekordy życiowe:
 Bieg na 100 metrów – 10,3 s (21 września 1952, Tbilisi)
 Bieg na 200 metrów – 21,4 s (1952)

Przypisy

Gruzińscy sprinterzy
Radzieccy sprinterzy
Radzieccy medaliści olimpijscy
Medaliści Letnich Igrzysk Olimpijskich 1952
Zasłużeni Mistrzowie Sportu ZSRR
Urodzeni w 1928
Zmarli w 1998
Ludzie urodzeni w Tbilisi


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using Cosmos.Hardware;

namespace Cosmos.Shell.Console.Commands
{
    class TimeCommand : CommandBase
    {
        public override string Name
        {
            get { return "time"; }
        }

        public override string Summary
        {
            get { return "Displays the current time."; }
        }

        public override void Execute(string param)
        {
            //TODO: For some reason the values output are too high. F.instance GetSeconds goes to 90.
            System.Console.WriteLine((int)RTC.GetHours() + ":" + RTC.GetMinutes() + ":" + RTC.GetSeconds());
        }

        public override void Help()
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }
}


text:
What are the advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries compared with traditional lead-acid batteries?
What are the advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries compared with traditional lead-acid batteries? 12月.17,2020
Nowadays, lithium iron phosphate batteries have become an important development direction. The comparative advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries and traditional lead-acid batteries are mainly reflected in the following aspects.
1) The energy density is high, and the volume and weight of lithium iron phosphate batteries are only about one third of that of lead-acid batteries.
2) The cycle life of a single lithium iron phosphate battery can reach 3000 times, which is far better than a lead-acid battery (500 times).
3) Good temperature function, especially high temperature function. The operation plan of the lithium iron phosphate battery can reach -20℃~60℃, and it can be operated at high temperature for a long time without affecting the battery life.
4) Under the premise of not affecting the battery capacity, the lithium iron phosphate battery can meet the requirements of high current charge and discharge, and can solve the problem of large capacity loss of traditional lead-acid batteries. Under the same capacity, the large current output of a lithium iron phosphate battery is approximately twice that of a lead-acid battery. If lithium iron phosphate batteries are used in UPS power supplies instead of lead-acid batteries, the capacity will be reduced by 50%.
5) High safety. Under harsh conditions such as acupuncture, kneading, short circuit, overshoot, etc., it can still be safe, not deformed, and has strong endurance.
6) Clean and environmentally friendly. The lithium iron phosphate data does not contain any heavy metals and rare metals. It will not cause environmental pollution during production and use, preventing environmental pollution from traditional batteries.
Lithium iron phosphate, as the cathode material of lithium-ion batteries, is now the safest anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have become an important development direction for lithium-ion power lithium batteries.
标签:battery
What is the difference between 18650 battery and soft pack lithium ion battery
Which ternary lithium ion battery or iron phosphate lithium ion battery has a longer life?


Since 1980, the United States federal government has increasingly monopolized education in this nation by way of the federal Department of Education (DoE) and its resultant education-industrial complex. In these past 32 years (excluding 2013), the department has burned through annual expenditures at a clip totaling – (wait for it) – $1,314,812,506,000!
So what has a generation and nearly $1.5 trillion bought us? Apparently this treasure and time has purchased the same things that centralized government monopolization always procures: inefficacy, bloated inefficiency, and in many cases an outright regression of outcomes. According to new global testing results compounded by the international Organisation for the Economic Cooperation and Development and released earlier this week, American adults – not just our children any longer – lag behind international contemporaries in basic mathematics, reading, and technological problem solving skills and criteria. Particularly troubling are some of the findings associated with the 25- to 34-year-old demographic, the ages that are most directly attributable to the DoE's existence and policies.
Incidentally, yearly funding for the DoE peaked in 2006 under President George W. Bush at just over $100 billion (just in case anyone is misled into believing that Big Government is a partisan objective).
This entry was posted on October 11, 2013, 3:03 PM and is filed under Education. You can follow any responses to this entry through RSS 2.0. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


An EEG is a test that detects abnormalities in your brain waves, or in the electrical activity of your brain. During an EEG, electrodes are pasted onto your scalp. These are small metal disks with thin wires. They detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity of your brain cells. The charges are amplified and appear as a graph on a computer screen. Or the recording may be printed out on paper. Your healthcare provider then interprets the reading.
During an EEG, your healthcare provider typically looks at about 100 pages, or computer screens, of activity. He or she pays special attention to the basic waveform. But your healthcare provider also examines brief bursts of energy and responses to stimuli, such as flashing lights.
An EEG is used to evaluate several types of brain disorders. When epilepsy is present, seizure activity will appear as rapid spiking waves on the EEG.
People with lesions on their brain, which can result from tumors or stroke, may have very slow EEG waves. It depends on the size and the location of the lesion.
The test can also be used to diagnose other disorders that influence brain activity, such as Alzheimer disease, certain psychoses, and a sleep disorder called narcolepsy.
An EEG may also be used to determine the overall electrical activity of the brain. For example, it may be used to evaluate trauma, drug intoxication, or the extent of brain damage in a person who is in a coma. Depending on where the injury is, an EEG is one test of many to help decide brain death in young children. An EEG may also be used to monitor blood flow in the brain during surgery.
There may be other reasons for your healthcare provider to advise an EEG.
An EEG has been used for many years. It is considered a safe procedure. The test causes no discomfort. The electrodes record activity. They do not produce any sensation. There is also no risk of getting an electric shock.
In rare cases, an EEG can cause seizures in a person with a seizure disorder. This is due to the flashing lights or the deep breathing that may be involved during the test. If you do get a seizure, your healthcare provider will treat it right away.
Other risks may be present, depending on your specific health condition. Talk about any concerns with your healthcare provider before the procedure.
Body or eye movement during the test. This will rarely, if ever, majorly interfere with the interpretation of the test.
Drinks containing caffeine, such as coffee, cola, and tea. While these drinks can sometimes change the EEG results, they almost never interfere significantly with the interpretation of the test.
Your healthcare provider will explain the procedure to you, and you can ask questions.
Stop taking medicines that may interfere with the test if your healthcare provider has told you to do so. Don't stop using medicines without first talking your healthcare provider.
Don't consume any food or drinks containing caffeine for 8 to 12 hours before the test.
Don't fast the night before or the day of the procedure. Low blood sugar may influence the results.
An EEG may be done on an outpatient basis, or as part of your stay in a hospital. Procedures may vary depending on your condition and your healthcare provider's practices. Talk with your healthcare provider about what to expect.
Between 16 and 25 electrodes will be attached to your scalp with a special paste. Or a cap with the electrodes will be used.
After your healthcare provider does the initial recording while you are at rest, he or she may test you with various stimuli to make brain wave activity that does not show up while you are resting. For example, you may be asked to breathe deeply and rapidly for 3 minutes. Or you may be exposed to a bright flashing light.
In cases where prolonged inpatient monitoring is not possible, your healthcare provider may consider doing an ambulatory EEG.
Once the test is done, the electrodes will be removed and the electrode paste will be washed off with warm water, acetone, or witch hazel. In some cases, you may need to wash your hair again at home.
If you took any sedatives for the test, you may need to rest until the sedatives have worn off. You will need to have someone drive you home.
Skin irritation or redness may be present at the locations where the electrodes were placed. But this will wear off in a few hours.


where denotes the entire input signal, and is the output signal at time . (We will also refer to as simply .) The general filter is denoted by , which stands for any transformation from a signal to a sample value at time . The filter can also be called an operator on the space of signals . The operator maps every signal to some new signal . (For simplicity, we take to be the space of complex signals whenever is complex.) If is linear, it can be called a linear operator on . If, additionally, the signal space consists only of finite-length signals, all samples long, i.e., or , then every linear filter may be called a linear transformation, which is representable by a constant matrix.


text:
Q: Rails 4, change logo in layout depending on user In my app I want to change the logo and other default pictures depending on which user is logged in. Anyone has a good tutorial or know how to do this?
I have been looking for this a lot but there is no much information about it.
I have the user login system done and is possible to create new roles. Currently the roles dosen't do anything but it exist.
I'm now adding my main layout, user model and role model. What I want is to change the "wfront/logo" depending on the current user role. I think it should be simple but I'm very new at rails and this app was programed by another person.
Please tell me if you need more info.
views/layouts/application.html.haml
//this is my app layout and I want to change the logo dynamically 'wfront/logo'
    %html
      %head
        %title= full_page_title
        = render 'wfront/head'
        = csrf_meta_tags
      %body{ class: "fixed-header fixed-navigationx smart-style-0 #{cookies[:menu_state]}" }
        %header#header
          = render 'wfront/logo'
          = render 'wfront/context_select'
          = render 'wfront/subcontext_select'
          = render 'wfront/toggle_menu_button'
          = render 'wfront/user_info'
          .pull-right
            = render 'wfront/currency_select'
            = render 'wfront/date_select'
        %aside#left-panel
          = render 'wfront/nav_menu'
          %span.minifyme{ data: { action: 'minifyMenu' } }
            %i.fa.fa-arrow-circle-left.hit

        #main
          #ribbon
          #content
            .row
              = render 'wfront/title'
              .col-xs-12.col-sm-5.col-md-5.col-lg-7
                %ul#sparks
                  = render 'wfront/sparks'
                  = render 'wfront/exchange_rates'
            = yield

        .page-footer
          = render 'wfront/footer'

        = render 'wfront/quaam'
        = javascript_include_tag 'application', "data-turbolinks-track" => true
        = yield :scripts

        = render 'wfront/modal'

--
  models/user.rb
    # == Schema Information
    #
    # Table name: users
    #
    #  id                     :integer          not null, primary key
    #  email                  :string(255)      default(""), not null
    #  encrypted_password     :string(255)      default(""), not null
    #  reset_password_token   :string(255)
    #  reset_password_sent_at :datetime
    #  remember_created_at    :datetime
    #  sign_in_count          :integer          default(0), not null
    #  current_sign_in_at     :datetime
    #  last_sign_in_at        :datetime
    #  current_sign_in_ip     :string(255)
    #  last_sign_in_ip        :string(255)
    #  created_at             :datetime
    #  updated_at             :datetime
    #  name                   :string(255)
    #

    class User < ActiveRecord::Base
      # Include default devise modules. Others available are:
      # :confirmable, :registerable, :timeoutable and :omniauthable
      devise :database_authenticatable, :lockable,
             :recoverable, :rememberable, :trackable, :validatable

      has_many :account_users
      has_many :accounts, through: :account_users
      has_many :taxes, -> { uniq }, through: :accounts

      validates :name, :email, presence: true, uniqueness: true

      include Concerns::Roleize
      roleize

      def primary_account
        self.accounts.first
      end
    end

--
   model/role.rb
    # == Schema Information
    #
    # Table name: roles
    #
    #  id            :integer          not null, primary key
    #  name          :string(255)
    #  resource_id   :integer
    #  resource_type :string(255)
    #  created_at    :datetime
    #  updated_at    :datetime
    #

    class Role < ActiveRecord::Base
      belongs_to :resource, polymorphic: true
      before_create :tableize_name

      def tableize_name
        self.name = self.name
      end

      def self.method_missing(name, *args, &block)
        roles = self.where(["name =?", name])
        if roles.any?
          scope roles.first.name.to_sym, ->{roles.first}
          return self.send(name.to_sym)
        end
        super
      end
    end

A: Have you tried just using an if/else statement based on user.role?
- if @user.get_role == 'some_role'
  = render 'some-logo'
- elsif @user.get_role == 'other_role'
  = render 'other-logo'
- else
  = render 'logo'

user.rb
def get_role
  Role.where(user_id: self.id).first
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Used Their Brains for Other Vocations
It's interesting what all can happen in a couple of weeks to help bring back more memories of by-gone days. Ritzville's fair theme in 1988, "Proud of Our Heritage'', was in celebration of Germans who sailed over the ocean so they could homestead on volcanic ash that was growing lots of sagebrush. Also, the Ritzville Journal published a story written by Del Allert on what life was like when the Germans from Russia started to scratch out a living in the Ritzville- Odessa area—right where a lot of our ancestors bedded down and started raising kids and lots of wheat.
Sugar and I attended a get-together rally at Ritzville City Park for all those that have Kiesz or Rieker blood flowing through their veins. The events drew lots of relatives that I haven't seen for a long time. Some had strayed away to far away places and used their brains for other vocations.
While among all those relatives that sunny Sunday, we got to talking about those old farm methods that were used. Also, [we] were reminded that years after the invasion of those big Harrington and Holt combines, a much smaller type of ground powered harvester appeared.
Yes, I do remember those ground hugging dusty machines very well. In 1916, while visiting in the Ritzville district, Billy Kiesz showed Dad his brand new ground powered Deering harvester. It cut a 9 foot swath and took only 12 horses to pull the thing around.—A year later, after tiring of community heading and thrashing outfits, Dad also bought a ground powered Deering from Adolf Spilker and joined Mom's brother-in-law in the advanced way of harvesting.
"Germans From Russia Revisited" Kik-Backs No. 3, page 15
"...took only 12 horses to pull the thing around."


Here's a table from the excellent Ponemon Institute report on the cost of data breaches. It shows the per-user cost of a data breach across various industries. For instance, a 1,000 user data breach would cost an average of $141,000 to remediate. In healthcare, the figure is more than double that. The most effective technical means for reducing the cost of a data breach is encryption.
Any organization that handles the data of EU citizens is likely familiar with the EU General Data Privacy Regulation (GDPR) that will come into effect in 2018. GDPR will have a massive impact because it has very strict enforcement penalties.
Organizations in breach of GDPR can be fined up to 4% of annual global turnover or €20 Million (whichever is greater). For security breaches, the fine is half of that, but would not apply if the data is encrypted when it's breached. The EU also holds an expansive view of what is considered "personal data", including name, IP address, and email address, which appear in most user databases.
From a development standpoint, even if the vast majority of your users are not EU citizens, encryption is still required if you want to continue processing any EU citizen data. US companies can implement "Privacy Shield" to demonstrate to the EU that they are compliant.


« Day 183 – Alan W.
Day 184 – Jon H.
The Year of Giving does not focus on any one "type" of person. People often ask me how I select the recipients. Sure, some days I go out with a type of person in mind, however many times it is just a feeling I get when I am sitting next to somebody on the bus or watching a mother play with her child in a park. Having said this, I have given my $10 to a considerable amount of people who are currently or who have in the past experienced homelessness.
a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.
Although I don't think that the government has came up with the best definition here, it is certainly better than the definition that usually comes to people's mind when they hear that someone is homeless. The image of someone sleeping on the streets.
The area that I have found particularly interesting to study here is the one that deals with those who lack "fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence." So many people today fall into this category and they are often not counted in statistics on homeless populations. The Year of Giving has taught me an immense amount about the people who struggle with this every day. I often forget how fortunate I am to have such a comfortable environment to keep my belongings, prepare my meals and sleep at night.
As a result of the writings, photographs and videos that I have done about the homeless I was nominated for the David Pike Excellence in Journalism Award. Although Maria Glod from the Washington Post ended up winning the award, I was extremely honored to have even been nominated for my work.
I went to the award ceremony with my father and brother. It was a very nice evening. I took pictures which I can try to post here once I get my computer fixed. I thought I would look for a recipient for my $10 at the event, so I had my small black Moleskine journal with me to take notes. As it turns out, the notebook slid out of my bag and remained underneath my seat when we left the auditorium. I noticed that I was missing it immediately and had an idea that it was probably under the seat so I went back and checked but didn't find anything. Now I was concerned, because I knew I had it with me. Maybe somebody turned it in, right?
Well, just as I was looking around to ask someone if anyone had turned it in, a young man who I recognized from being the photographer at the event, walked over to me and gave me the book. Well, on my Moleskine notebook it is clearly marked that there is a reward for returning it to me. You guessed it, that reward is $10!
I thanked Jon and happily handed him the $10. He explained that he was an intern working at Street Sense for the summer as a photographer. A photo journalism major at the University of North Texas, Jon is here in DC through a partnership with the George Washington University. Still holding his Canon Rebel XTi in his hands, he mentioned he was on his way to the reception to take more photographs. I didn't want to hold him up so I tried to be quick.
I found out that Jon recently transferred to the University of North Texas from Angelo State University in San Angelo, TX. He played rugby for two years there and hopes to continue playing at North Texas. "It's different than football," he says, "you have to learn how to hit the other guy differently." He talks about the importance that strategy plays in the game as well. But even strategy doesn't protect you from getting a little banged up. Jon has broken his nose three times (weird, so have I!) and had his AC separated off the clavicle.
Off the field Jon's artistic interest is not limited to photography. He also loves music. "I own a record store in Abilene, Texas" he says. "You mean old school vinyl records?" I asked. He nodded his head and confirmed my suspicion. This struck me as odd. CDs were already starting to dominate as the preferred physical medium for music by the time he was born! But this has nothing to do with that. This is more about the relationship someone has with music. There is something almost romantic about vinyl records.
I was just surprised to discover that someone his age who grew up in an era full of hi-tech gizmos would feel so strongly about this format of music that he would own a record store. Let's not forget how cool it is that at 19 he owns his own record store!
Jon said he was going to use the $10 to get some food that week. As an unpaid intern he has to be careful with his spending.
We talked about Washington, DC some. "The first time I came here was when I was in the eighth grade. I remember seeing the homeless and it made an impression on me." He also took lots of photos while he was here. Jon was very excited to to return to Washington and work with an organization like Street Sense which does so much for the city's homeless citizens.
His internship will be up in August and he will return to Texas. With him he will take much more than the thousands of photos he has shot and the college credits that he has earned. He will take with him an experience that I believe will change the course of his life as it has changed mine. The opportunity to learn about and work with this city's homeless population has opened my eyes and my heart in so many ways.
I said goodbye to Jon and let him get to work. The Award Ceremony reception had left over food and coffee which I took with me a few blocks away to the park at 20th and Pennsylvania. There I found several people who were happy to receive some of the leftovers. As I was walking around the park I found one man laying in the grass with nothing but the clothes on his back. I was worried that he might not be ok, so I walked over and asked. The man awoke from his sleep and turned out to beAnthony from Day 6! He and I chatted for a while and he seemed well, although sufficiently inebriated. It was good to see him. I chatted with another man for nearly an hour and a half. It was now midnight and my brother and father were waiting for me across the street (they had went to dinner when I went to deliver the food and coffee). It was a great night!
A special thanks to Jon for allowing me to post some of his photographs in this blog. Click here to check out more of Jon's photography.
Hey man its been awhile. Hope all is well in DC and with your giving. Sorry I never got to give you a photo lesson, it was just so crazy the whole time I was there. I'm working for the newspaper at UNT doing photography and multi-media news videos and playing for the UNT rugby team. I also just got a job working as a field representative for home improvement place in Lewisville. I go door to door to offer a free estimate on any projects they may have on their homes. My brother also graduated from film school and got signed to an agency here in Dallas. He just got cast in stage production and is about to audition for another. The record store is still in business and doing pretty good. I still haven't found a location for here in Denton but the one in Abilene is doing well. Hope to hear back from you.
Jon has some nice photos! Homeless-yes there are so many homeless that are not counted.


text:
Missing women of color are largely ignored by the mainstream media
By Cristobella Durrette August 22, 2018
A study by a sociologist at Northwestern University showed that not only did missing white women receive more media coverage overall, but also had higher coverage intensity. This means that even when missing women of color do gain media attention, they are given a fraction of the resources and attention that their white counterparts receive. | Fiona Legesse/The Cougar
Mollie Tibbetts, a 20-year-old University of Iowa student, went missing from her hometown of Brooklyn, Iowa on July 18. She has yet to be found; the ongoing investigation into her disappearance has garnered significant media attention.
Local and national media outlets have tracked Tibbetts' story as it unfolds, with CNN.com alone publishing 11 pieces in relation to developments in the case.
Tibbetts is one of tens of thousands of women currently classified as missing in the United States. She is among a fraction of these individuals who have received media coverage of their disappearance.
Missing women like Tibbetts who gain significant media coverage of their disappearance often fit a specific profile: young, white and conventionally attractive, according to research by Sarah Stillman, a Ph.D candidate at Oxford University.
This creates a racial disparity consistent with the concept of Missing White Woman Syndrome, the idea that white women disproportionately receive the most media attention when they are reported missing.
The mainstream media makes women that fit this narrow profile into front page stories while providing little to no coverage for women of color that are reported missing. Disproportionately dedicating resources and conversation to young, attractive white women who are reported missing, the media portrays certain subgroups of missing women as more worthy of being found than missing women of color.
This discrepancy reveals the unacceptable fact that white female bodies are viewed as more valuable than the bodies of women of color by the mainstream media in America.
The sound of collective silence
Research has shown a distinct correlation between a woman's race and the amount of media coverage that she receives when she is reported missing.
In 2016, Zach Sommers, a sociologist at Northwestern University, released the findings of a study that he conducted regarding the relationship between news coverage of missing persons and race. Using data from 2013 gathered from several news outlets and the FBI, the study sought to definitively conclude whether Missing White Woman Syndrome exists in mainstream media.
The results of the study revealed that Missing White Woman Syndrome abounds in the media, with a two-fold disparity existing in the coverage of missing women.
The study found that missing black women received merely 14.32% of all media representation of missing persons, while white women reported missing received a staggering 32.97%.
Missing white women received more than double the coverage of missing black women, showing a clear lack of concern for what happens to women of color that are reported missing.
The study also uncovered discrepancies in the coverage intensity of the coverage of missing women. It was found that missing black women accounted for only 9.03% of all articles about missing persons while missing white women comprised a whopping 49.74%.
The study showed that not only did missing white women receive more coverage overall, but also had higher coverage intensity. This means that even when missing women of color do gain media attention, they are given a fraction of the resources and attention that their white counterparts receive.
The lack of coverage and coverage intensity on missing women of color in America blatantly exposes the fact that their lives are viewed as disposable.
The dismay from communities of color over the startling lack of representation of their missing women has led them to create their own coverage. Groups such as The Black & Missing Foundation, Inc. (BAM FI) were created with the intention of raising awareness of cases involving missing persons of color.
Organizations like the BAM FI play a critical role in filling the gap left behind by the mainstream media in the coverage of missing women of color. It shows that regardless of race, every case possesses its own tragedy. All cases deserve equal attention and resources to solve the mysteries and bring closure to families.
Tags: missing persons, race, women of color, Zach Sommers


The boy band phenomenon that is JLS will be performing an outdoor concert at the Lincolnshire Showground, to bring an all-new show to their biggest fans!
The biggest boyband of a generation recently rocketed their already stellar success to even greater heights with the launch of their third album Jukebox, and fresh off the back of their hugely successful Sport Relief 2012 single PROUD, Aston, Marvin, Oritsé and JB are primed and ready to backflip their way into the nation's hearts once more with this brand new stage tour.
Working with a roll call of international pop-R&B production talent on their new album - who's collective CVs take in chart juggernauts by the likes of Rihanna, Ne-Yo, Black Eyed Peas and more - the lads have crafted 14 killer tracks ranging from heart-pumping techno-laced stompers to tender acoustic balladry. Simply put, they've taken the blueprint created by their hugely successful debut and blown it out of the water.
Commenting on the summer concert tour announcement, tour spokesman Dion Clements said "JLS are, without doubt, one of the biggest bands in music today, so adding these six large-scale summer concerts to their schedules, particularly at venues which enable fans to see them close to home, is just fantastic news – everyone involved is totally hyped. We'll also be announcing some really special guest performers in the coming weeks which will make these concerts even bigger".
Jayne Southall, Director of Lincolnshire County Council added, "We're delighted to be welcoming such a fabulous group to the Lincolnshire Events Centre. The 200-acre Lincolnshire Showground is the perfect venue for large music concerts. Last year we were proud to have hosted Scouting for Girls and we're getting more and more enquiries for concerts and festivals which can only be good for lovers of live music in the county as well as local businesses".


Home » Frequently Asked Questions » How Long Does It Take To Get My Bartender Certification?
Now that you're interested in bartending school and bartender certification, it's time to get into specifics. First thing is first- you want to know how long will it take you to get your bartender certification? This is an important question. Many people want to quickly complete their bartending education, which is an excellent goal and a very doable option. Others are looking for a part-time approach to school, with a schedule that will work around their jobs and lifestyles, which is achievable as well! National Bartending School can provide both options for you! Bartending school can be done in a short amount of time, or it can be done part time and take a little bit longer.
The length of time spent in school varies depending on the student, however there are a few hard and fast rules to remember when planning your school career.
The California Bartending School curriculum consists of 40 hours of schooling. This is less than many expect. The curriculum is broken down into ten chapters or modules. Each class is dedicated to one chapter. For every class there is approximately one hour of instruction, followed by one hour of practical experience behind the bar. You must have attended at least one class for each of the ten chapters in order to be eligible for testing. National Bartending Schools offer classes six days per week, up to three times per day. We are closed Sundays. This also includes hours that you log for practical lab time. This is done in our mock bar.
After you complete your required 40 hours of class time, you will take a written test, and a practical exam. The written test covers everything that has been taught in the class. The practical exam is a hands-on test, and requires you to create a certain number of beverages in a set amount of time. You will be certified as a bartender once you have passed both tests. National Bartending School offers testing every week. Once you have competed class, there is no long wait for testing for your bartender certification.
Classes are offered Monday through Saturday, often up to three times per day. National Bartending School campuses are usually closed on Sundays. The classroom/bar is also available between classes, for students to practice mixing drinks, take timed practice tests, and for study. Lab hours are also logged towards your overall class time, thus helping to complete hours quickly. You must take advantage of this time to help prepare yourself for the testing, and for your career as a bartender. The hours spent practicing behind the bar will be invaluable once you are looking for employment in the field.
Make the Schedule Work For You!
National Bartending School has a great, flexible schedule. Because of this, you can earn your bartending certification in as little as two weeks if you attend all of the classes available. For example, our Sherman Oaks school offers classes three times a day Monday through Friday, and twice on Saturday. At a location like this, you can cover all forty hours of class time and complete testing in under two weeks, if you attend every day. It does not take long at all to earn your certification in this way.
Other students prefer to take their time. Many people can only attend a few classes per week, and furthermore, that's okay too! Our goal is to make school as functional and convenient as possible for you. The success rate of our students is important to us, and we want the curriculum to fit you. The only rule is that you must complete your 40 hours of training within one year from the start of your program.
National Bartending School is the Next Step!
In conclusion, National Bartending School is here to help you on your journey into a great bartending career! Whether you want to complete school quickly, or need the option of attending class only a few times per week, we are here to make sure your goals are achieved! You don't need to worry about how long it will take- it can be as short as you'd like! We are here to help each individual student seek out and conquer their goals, and make it in the food and beverage industry! We are confident that you will graduate our school with the knowledge that you need, and be prepared to be the best bartender possible.


text:
Film budget
Film critics
Bruce Lee: how American film critics rated his films in his time
By Alanna J. Scott on July 31, 2018 Film critics
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Forty-five years after his death at 32, Bruce Lee is a legend, credited with ushering in an era of martial arts films in the United States and elevating the Asian hero into Western pop culture. His last completed film, "Enter the dragonpremiered in the United States at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Los Angeles in August 1973, just weeks after Lee's death.
The TV series "Kung Fu" and the movie "five fingers of death"helped 'open the door' to American acceptance of Chinese martial arts, but Lee made it mainstream, writes Matthew Polly in his new biography, "Bruce Lee: A Life."
"It was Lee's performance in Enter the dragon who blew it off its hinges – launching a whole new genre of film in the West," Polly writes.
A remake of "Enter the Dragon" could be coming soon. Variety reported that "Deadpool 2" director David Leitch was in talks to helm the film.
No actors are attached to the project yet, but they're unlikely to face the kind of hurdles Lee faced in his time. Chinese actors were "mostly relegated to gentle domestic roles like Hop Sing in Bargainwrites Polly, adding that "before Bruce, there was only Fu Manchu, the villain of the Yellow Peril, and Charlie Chan, the model minority."
Even Lee's Hollywood friends who were looking for roles for him didn't think he had a shot at stardom in the United States, Polly told The Washington Post.
As Lee appeared on television and in American theaters in the 1970s, film critics from Louisville to New York and Boston struggled to make sense of this new "Eastern" star and the genre of kung film. -fu in full swing.
Most critics dismissed his Hong Kong films, complaining that they offered little plot and poor production values. (The Associated Press obituary said Lee's films were successful in New York "despite almost unanimously disapproving reviews".) A newspaper described martial arts films as the "new yellow peril". But most singled out Lee for his praise, with some critics comparing him to Fred Astaire and Douglas Fairbanks.
Here are excerpts from the reviews, with some annotations providing context.
The New York Times, September 19, 1971
John J. O'Connor writes about the TV series:
"Li, played well by Bruce Lee, turns out to be kind of a disciplined super boy, providing a Robin for Longstreet's Batman and receiving heavy greetings like 'May it all go well for you.'
[At the time of this review, Lee was 30 years old.]
On the character played by Lee: "The Chinaman (who emerges impressively enough to warrant his own series) brings a deft touch of the exotic with advice on how to 'learn the art of dying'. "
[According to Polly's biography, Lee in an interview a year later "proudly repeated the quote, almost word-for-word, from memory."]
(also known as "The Big Boss")
The New York Times, May 13, 1973
"I know karate has been in vogue for quite some time.
". . . According to Variety, there hasn't been such a profitable movie mode since the debut of the Italian western about 10 years ago. . . . Kung fu movies started as a local phenomenon in Hong Kong a few years ago, started gaining audiences in Latin America two years ago, and last year achieved remarkable financial success in Europe. , especially in Italy and Germany.
"The two I have just seen, 'Fists of Fury' and 'Deep Thrust', make the worst Italian westerns look like the most solemn and noble achievements of early Soviet cinema."
The Philadelphia Inquirer, June 10, 1973
William B. Collins writes:
"The first of the Kung Fu movies was fun. It was exotic and absurd but it was the once-enough kind of thing.
". . . Kung Fus aren't fun anymore. They have become a trend and the film industry is anxiously wondering if they are here to stay or if they are just a flash in the moo goo gai pan. This new Yellow Peril has had a phenomenal impact.
". . . This brings us to Bruce Lee, whose stellar vehicle, "Fists of Fury," helped the movie industry see the gold in Kung Fu. Bruce Lee is the Adam West of Kung Fu. . . . Lee made an indelible impression four years ago by walking into a movie called 'Marlowe' and destroying James Garner's office with his bare hands."
Tampa Bay Times, June 12, 1973
J. Oliver Prescott writes:
"Bruce Lee is the fastest foot in the East. He's in the movie "Fists of Fury" currently playing at the Tyrone Theater, anyway.
"The characters are certainly simple: they're simply Chinese peasants whose small disagreements turn overnight into Oriental rumbles equivalent to the sharks and jets in 'West Side Story'."
"Now back in Hong Kong, he's become the hottest international movie star since Clint Eastwood. Unlike Eastwood's anti-hero, Bruce Lee is giving the American public what they now apparently want: a hero.
". . . Lee is Rex Allen, Lash Larue, Tom Mix, Roy Rogers and Gene Autry all rolled into one.
[According to Polly's book, Lee told his good friend, the screenwriter Stirling Silliphant, that he would one day be "a bigger star than [Steve] McQueen and [James Coburn], to which Silliphant replied, "You are a Chinese in a white man's world. There's no way."]
(Also known as "Fist of Fury")
The New York Times, November 8, 1972
"'Fist of Fury' landed with a bang and quite a bit of moaning yesterday at the Pagoda Theater in Chinatown to illustrate that some Orientals aren't particularly inscrutable."
Lee is a "decidedly eye-catching figure as he takes on all comers, alone or in moaning groups, in stylized karate-like combat with quick, ballistic movements, sinister looks, deadly fists and legs and, well, sure, all the necessary sinister cries.
The Boston Globe, June 7, 1973
William A. Henry III writes:
"While watching 'The Chinese Connection' yesterday at the Gary Theater, a petty fight broke out between two patrons. 'They watch the movies and they all think they're Bruce Lee,' said a girl sitting near me.
[Polly: Lee "not only had to fight the idea that a Chinese character could be played by an Asian actor, but he also had to create the whole concept of a heroic Chinese figure."]
Pittsburgh Press, July 16, 1973
"'The Chinese Connection' at the Fulton is an oriental action drama that elicits raucous laughter."
". . . Bruce Lee, who is either a master jester or the world's worst actor. . . "
The Courier-Journal, July 20, 1973
"The story is a banal melodrama about a young man avenging the death of his karate teacher. The plot is adolescent but the dialogues are childish.
"'The Chinese Connection' is probably the best karate movie made to date. It's of course ridiculous, but no more ridiculous than James Bond or Shaft. And I sneakily suspect that karate movies, like Watergate, are here to stay.
The Atlanta Constitution, August 12, 1973
"What's particularly sad about Lee's death is that 'The Chinese Connection' signaled that he could single-handedly pull kung fu movies out of their rut with the same confidence he had. beat hordes of bad guys in those sukiyaki westerns."
The New York Times, August 18, 1973
"Though they minted at the US box office, these Chinese bone breakers – adventures tied to karate, hapkido, kung fu and judo – were essentially shoddy productions. Now , Hollywood entered the scene, sending a unit to Hong Kong and the surrounding area. The result is 'Enter the Dragon', opening yesterday in four theaters. Now get ready.
". . . the three tough agents who invade the place are white (John Saxon), black (Jim Kelly) and yellow (Bruce Lee).
[Lee appears only after 216 words in the 302-word review].
"At the adventure level, the performance is quite good. That of Mr. Lee, not only the super master image killer, but also an excellent actor, is downright fascinating. Mr. Lee, who also staged the fights, passed away very recently. Here it could not be more alive.
[According to Polly's book, Elvis Presley watched "Enter the Dragon" dozens of times, and VHS tapes of the movie were smuggled into Eastern Europe in the 1980s.]
The Boston Globe, August 23, 1973
Patrick McGilligan writes:
"Lee is the Fred Astaire of martial arts, a not entirely ironic analogy, and he moves so gracefully, yet so militantly, that he is the best example of locomotive movement to be seen on screen. For years.
"'Enter the Dragon', currently at the Savoy, is a silly little movie, produced by Warner Bros., who should know that.
". . . Consider Bruce Lee instead, who could have been a real star if he had lived beyond his 32s, met a talented director or two, and skipped over the hackneyed stories.
[Polly: "One of the great tragedies of Bruce's early demise is he never had the chance to break down other barriers by expanding the type of roles Asian males could play in Hollywood films. He would have been a compelling romantic leading man."]
The Washington Post, August 25, 1973
"It remains to be seen if another personality can achieve what Lee might have been on the verge of achieving: a revival of the sports film tradition of Douglas Fairbanks, Errol Flynn and Burt Lancaster in a slightly new context – martial arts or Kung Fu Melodrama – with himself as the first genuine sports star since Lancaster.
". . . his Cagney-esque arrogance and humor and precocious Steve McQueen nonchalance.
". . . John Saxon and Jim Kelly. These guys are pretty superfluous, and bringing them in keeps Lee off screen for long periods of time.
[Polly: "Fred Weintraub, who produced 'Enter the Dragon,' was one of Bruce's biggest patrons and supporters, but even he didn't believe an Asian actor could carry a Hollywood movie all by himself — casting Jim Kelly and John Saxon as co-heroes of the movie."]
(also known as "Way of the Dragon")
Chicago Sun-Times, August 8, 1974
"On Friday at 8 a.m., an hour before opening time, crowds lined up outside the Oriental Theater in Chicago. By mid-afternoon, more than 4,000 people had paid to enter. Louis Marks, who books the theatre, said it felt like an all-time record.
". . . Bruce Lee had been called from Hong Kong by Chinese friends who were trying to start a chop suey joint in Rome. But the Mafia was trying to impose itself. Lee's mission, should he choose to take it: Protect the restaurant from the mob.
"That stuff is beautifully silly, and Lee, to give him credit, never tried to rise above it."
Detroit Free Press, September 19, 1980
"A year after his death in 1973, actor Bruce Lee's last film, 'Return of the Dragon,' was an unexpected summer movie hit, breaking attendance records across the country. It still draws crowds standing in towns where the late actor's name remains magical.
". . . "Return of the Dragon" is more than an exercise in raw violence; it is an amazing demonstration of how the most fundamental and elemental acts of life can be honored through ritual and grace.
The New York Times, November 28, 1974
"'The Green Hornet', which opened yesterday at New Amsterdam and other cinemas, is three episodes of the mid-'60s television series pieced together and preceded by footage from the late Bruce Lee's screen test.
"He looks very young, very clean and very American (in an Eastern sense), and he does his kung fu stuff with grace."
[Polly said that Lee didn't want to play a houseboy role and pushed the producer to treat his character as an "active partner" with the Green Hornet and not a "mute follower."]
The Washington Post Magda Jean Louis contributed to this report.
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