text:
Issue 48: Desconexión mundial
On Wednesday May 8, hundreds of drivers, workers and other demonstrators shut off Uber for hours in several cities around the world. The action was coordinated by drivers who have been organizing for livable wages and greater voice and agency in their work. Last night we got to talk to one of the drivers who helped make it happen; the below is a transcript of the stories and reflections he's wanted to share in the aftermath of last week's action. Halfway through our conversation when I heard him address a restaurant worker and heard the car blinker resume when he got back in, I realized he had been driving between restaurants for Uber eats deliveries—he said that he mostly drives passengers but has to do some food delivery too to get through the maze of requirements Uber sets for drivers to earn a "bonus".
As long as I've been driving for Uber and even before drivers have been protesting.
Uber has never tried to reach out to drivers ever before. After last Wednesday's action, they for the first time have reached out to us.
On Wednesday we successfully got the app shut off in several cities in the US like SF, NY, LA, Chicago, and some international cities in the UK, Australia, Germany, India.
Uber has always done everything they can do to make drivers isolated; to keep it so that drivers can't reach out to each other, we can't communicate with each other. We have broken through that; our organizing has built an unbreakable network with drivers all over the country and now that we have that it feels like we have huge impact.
Wednesday felt amazing. Market Street is one of the biggest and busiest streets in San Francisco and we shut it down. Even having the police out helping and blocking off the street for us felt good—they told us how they feel the struggle too. Uber drivers are not the only workers affected by Uber and this economy of inequality in San Francisco. As part of our organizing and protests in the last years I've met so many of the orgs trying to fight inequality in San Francisco. The Wall Street Journal said that in San Francisco there's more than 60 billionaires today; the estimates of people who are going to get rich from all the IPOs this year is more than 500 people will be made millionaires. The more people in San Francisco get rich, the harder it gets for the rest of us to live in the city.
The city needs all these workers; the rich people are not going to run the hospitals or restaurants. These rich people have been denying their responsibility for the city, they only care about becoming more rich and having more money for themselves—meanwhile most of us have to work two and three jobs to survive in San Francisco. All the workers in the Bay Area are suffering and struggling with all this inequality that is affecting every one of them. I have several friends who are teachers and some of them actually have to drive for Uber just so they can cover the rest of their expenses. All this inequality has to be stopped so every one can be able to live freely.
The Uber CEO has kept saying they are losing money. So how come last year his salary was something around $50 million and he purchased a $17 million mansion? They've taken money from whoever will give it to them; they don't care who the investors are. One of their biggest investors is Jeff Bezos who is only motivated by becoming more and more rich; another of the biggest shareholders is the crown prince of Saudi Arabia who is a sadistic savage responsible for the killing of Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi and also the war on Yemen in which so many kids and women have been killed—the same war that is responsible for the vast number of Yemeni refugees here in the US who are Uber drivers! The majority of the drivers in San Francisco are from Yemen; they are frustrated, angry and mad that Uber acts like they are for us while at the same time letting the rich man who is killing their families fund their lavish lifestyles!
Uber keeps saying they are the pioneers of this "future-of-work" business model; in reality they are just replicating the exploitation that the trucking industry mastered 30-40 years ago. They made every truck driver independent contractors; everyone buys their own trucks and looks for their own trips. Uber stole that idea and just created an app for it. Uber and Lyft say they are tech companies but the service they provide is transportation; they claim to be tech companies so they can avoid all the laws that regulate the transportation industry, and they've paid millions to accomplish that and ensure they can do whatever they want with us.
Since Wednesday's action I have been talking with my friends who drive and who have been working for Uber for a long time; a lot of them don't think changes will happen for a long time, but I disagree. The Supreme Court in California decided last year that we are actually misclassified and Uber has paid so much money to have us mis-classified this way when we should actually be employees. And last week France and Switzerland passed the exact same thing—that drivers should be employees based on the control the companies have over them and Germany is on the verge to take that decision too.
The forthcoming bills AB 5 and 17 will force all these gig economy companies to make everyone as employees not independent contractors. This is the reason Uber is moving right now to reach out to us and make a deal real quick before the law is changed. They saw that we became organized, that we can hurt them just by shutting off the app. Reporters said a few months ago that when the Uber server was hacked and it was down for almost 3 hours nationwide they lost more than $300 million. We can do a lot of damage and we are ready to do it again if they don't treat drivers with respect or dignity.
And they are not treating us with respect or dignity. They tout Uber as a great part-time gig for extra income, they say "it's not for full time work". And yet they demand drivers drive 72-80 hours a week! No matter how we are classified, in the end we are workers, and we are human beings, and we deserve respect and dignity. We shouldn't have to drive 80 hours a week just to survive. _
We are moved by the heroism of the drivers who are managing to survive this San Francisco; and by the actions they've taken to make change. One TWC volunteer shares their experience of being in the streets on Wednesday:
A little before noon, I arrived to see lots of reporters and some curious bystanders waiting expectantly in front of the entrance to Uber HQ. I found a bunch of fellow tech workers from TWC, some from DSA, some from nearby companies. It was a mish-mash of drivers, press, techies, and activists. Uber and Lyft drivers drove past in their cars, honking in support.
At its height, the crowd was perhaps 200 strong. I'd guess about two dozen tech workers.
After a while, we moved onto the street, blocking Market, but let some buses pass through. The drivers took up the megaphone and told their stories. They were angry. It was beautiful. At some point, a politician (I believe it was SF Supervisor Gordon Mar) showed up and delivered a speech, but he spoke too quietly for many to hear him, and I don't think people cared.
The protest left some things to be desired. It was an awkward mixture of attendees, different parties that normally didn't interact with one another.
Still, there was jubilance in the air. The drivers, tech workers, the community—we saw one another, exchanged words, nodded in mutual respect. A brass band arrived and played some fun tunes and my friends and I didn't expect to feel this way, but it was like lunchtime therapy.
It certainly feels like there's a shift in the air any time we experience this kind of international show of solidarity, and as one labor scholar wrote in summary, the strike was a triumph on many levels:
No, drivers' commissions were not raised in response. And no, neither Uber nor Lyft implemented just-cause deactivation or recognized a grassroots worker organization as a legitimate bargaining unit. But as a labor scholar (and former taxi-worker organizer) who has researched the so-called gig economy for more than a decade, I appreciate—almost viscerally—that Wednesday's strike was a huge, unprecedented victory for service workers in the on-demand platform economy. Politicians (including presidential candidates), consumers (even those in wealthy Silicon Valley suburbs!), civil rights advocates, labor organizers, and drivers around the world stood together in a coordinated, organized direct action and collectively rejected an economic system built on human exploitation. Even those who did not physically participate in strikes joined on social media (at one point, three different Twitter hashtags related to the global strike were trending in the U.S.) and through in-person conversations. Taken together, millions of people participated in the first-ever international picket and made the difficult recognition that despite its consumer conveniences, the so-called Uberization of the service economy must be defeated._
And a final word from a driver sums up why this economy has to come to an end:
I want people to know how powerless you feel when your income comes from a faceless app and when you open it up one morning, things are just different and you're earning less money and there's no boss you can talk to, you weren't told about it, you just see your income is lower today and you just have to deal with it.
Bangalore starts a TWC local!
Saturday, 5/18 4PM at Cubbon Park in Bangalore
ROAR (Revolutionary Organizing Against Racism) Conference
Saturday 5/18 and Sunday 5/19 10AM at Omni Commons in Oakland and CIIS in San Francisco
User, Worker, Owner! Building equitable ownership in tech
Wednesday, 5/22 5:30PM at PlanGrid in San Francisco
Meet & Greet for TWC South Florida
Thursday, 6/13 7PM there's a TWC at Nova Southeastern University in Davie, Florida
Film Premier: When Rules Don't Apply
Thursday, 5/30 6PM at UC Hastings in San Francisco
Last Monday, over 150 workers at Riot Games walked off the job to protest sexual harassment and call for an end to forced arbitration clauses in their contracts. On Thursday, management released a statement that they would continue with forced arbitration.
Management at Kickstarter has declined to recognize workers who are organizing a union and so the campaign will go to a NLRB election.
"Facebook is raising its minimum wage for contract workers to $20 an hour in the Bay Area, New York City and Washington, and $18 an hour in Seattle. Content moderators will get more. Those in San Francisco, New York and D.C. will now make at least $22 per hour. Seattle-based moderators will receive a minimum of $20 an hour. In other 'metro areas' where content moderators live, like Phoenix, the minimum will be $18 an hour, the company said." More scrutiny is on the company thanks in part to organizing and awareness building on the part of contracted workers at the company.
25 astute reasons Zuckerberg should be dethroned from his run as boy-founder of Facebook. Please note how few of the 25 misdeeds and missteps are unique to Zuckerberg as a CEO or Facebook as a company.
The only thing gig economy apps "disrupt" is labor law.
You may not have even heard of the most depraved and fastest growing company in the gig economy, Wonolo. Short for Work Now Locally, the company was incubated by Coca-Cola and has hundreds of thousands of contractors standing by for warehouse fulfillment kind of work and is a case study in most precarious and greatest exploitation of workers.
Uber released a new feature, "Quiet mode", that lets passengers silence chatty drivers.
Students for the Liberation of All People (SLAP) at Stanford released a zine this week to challenge the ties between immigration enforcement and Silicon Valley recognizing the crucial pipeline supply Stanford students provide racist tech companies.
Tanika Charles - Upside Down
I'm starting with me
You are who you are
Work twice as hard
For half the opportunity
I'm not compromising
I need change
At every scale
In every way


This well established and industry leading company are currently looking for a well-rounded marketing communications specialist to join the team and oversee the development and implementation of all direct and online marketing communications. This will include but not limited to, direct marketing materials, catalogues, advertising, social media etc. You will have excellent experience in creating engaging content as well as possess good communication and presentation skills.
Reporting directly to the Marketing Manager, the Marketing Communications Executive will create and execute integrated marketing campaigns both online and offline, ensuring there is consistency within the communications and brand delivery. The role will involve creating numerous briefs, converting them to effective marketing campaigns and reporting back on results based on various feedback. There will also be multi-project management tasks, delivering these within budget and meeting deadlines.
This is a fantastic opportunity to join a family business who offer excellent benefits and progression opportunities. Due to the location of their Suffolk office this role could be of particular interest to those living in Cambridge, Newmarket, Thetford, Stowmarket, Hadbury, Bury St Edmunds, Haverhill, Norwich and Sudbury.


Modern earthy colours and a fresh Green Mango fragrance, to suit both regional and city accommodation site.
The accessories are available in both Sachet and Boxed items to compliment the decor of your property.
This range is in modern clean white packaging. The use of a Coconut Milk fragrance further enhances its beach appeal. The accessories are all boxed to raise the quality appearance.
Modern ocean inspired range using genuine Australian Sandalwood and Amber fragrances to give your guests a truly luxurious experience. Clean lines of this range go well in any modern designed bathroom. The Australian sourced and inspired fragrance will give any guest a truly luxurious feel and experience.
Premium quality amenities with genuine Australian produced fragrances and essential oils.
The fragrances were selected from various parts of Australia. We have designed the products with their own coloured icon on the front for ease of identification. Give your guests a truly Australian experience.
We are Accom Assist, your one stop shop for all your hotel guest amenities. Browse our extensive range of quality hotel toiletries and amenities, including soap dispensers, guest equipment and appliances, odour control solutions and amenity trays for hotels and motels.
As one of the leading luxury hotel supply companies, we assure you can buy all your hotel amenities with confidence, at wholesale price, and leaving a lasting impression sure to bring your guests back time and time again.
To become a local supplier to the accommodation industry. We plan to do this predominantly via local distribution. By supporting local distributors, we make our product easier and quicker to obtain, save on delivery charges and support regional businesses. We will whenever possible try to promote products that are cost effective and care for our environment.
To be the best and most innovative supplier of Guest Amenities and room supplies for the accommodation industry.
With Accom Assist, providing toiletries and other supplies to cater for a hotel guest becomes a matter of pride, delivering a touch of luxury a class above what they would normally expect from their supplies as a hotel guest.
We truly believe in the importance of local distributor / supply to all our customers no matter how remote that might be. We methodically evaluate the location of the customers we wish to reach out to. We also try to design products and systems that will satisfy those customers in an environmentally and cost conscious world that we have today. We are also very good at individual design of products for customers that want their own personal branding.
prompt customer service, commitment to your business, and our concern for the environment.
Make your hotel or motel supplies stand out from the crowd and buy from a quality hotel amenities provider that adds something else.


Diantha Jones: Cover Reveal: Hero, Cursed is finally here!
Cover Reveal: Hero, Cursed is finally here!
I am soooo in love with this cover! Colin did such a good job and I am super proud to have it represent Swindle's story!


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Home Celebrity Jim Carrey and Ginger Gonzaga have called it quits
Jim Carrey and Ginger Gonzaga have called it quits
Laura Ebeling
Jim Carrey and Ginger Gonzaga have reportedly split up after months of dating.
An insider told PEOPLE that the stars from Showtime's comedy drama series "Kidding" "broke up months ago." Carrey and Gonzaga were love interests on the small screen before taking their romance to the next level and in real life.
Carrey's representative confirmed reports of their romantic involvement back in January. In that same month, the pair were spotted hitting the red carpet at the Showtime Golden Globe Nominees Celebration. This marked their red carpet debut as a couple. The two were all smiles and held hands as they stepped into the event's venue in West Hollywood, California.
While the pair kept their relationship on the down low, the 57-year-old actor couldn't help but gush about the 35-year-old actress at this year's Golden Globe Awards. During an interview at the event, Carey described Gonzaga as "incredible, unbelievable, [a] wicked talent and amazing person," at the time.
The actor even quipped about their "date night" at the awards ceremony. "Not bad for a first date!" he joked. "I just want first base tonight, I'm not looking to take the field."
Carrey previously shared details about his love life back in November of 2018. At the time he told the Radio Times that he still makes an effort to get back in the game even if he lives an "isolated life."
"I love to read and I enjoy painting and working on sculptures," the actor said as per the Daily Mail "And I date."
Laura is a reporter and a gossip columnist for Best in Australia. She focuses on celebrities, science and social affairs in Australia and worldwide.
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Make a living by raising chickens: An Interview with Blue Star Ranch
Steven Soderbergh boards HBO Max with overall deal
Taiwanese-Canadian actor Godfrey Gao dies while filming reality show
Justin Timberlake intimately holds hands with co-star Alisha Wainwright

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


the bridge at the beach!
nice view before the hike!
Our hike back to the waterfall seemed short. It felt so intuitive like we knew where we were going (trail signs are great here!). The trail is a bit of an obstacle course with trees that have fallen. Duck under some, climb over some and walk through some of the trees. You will hear the sound of rushing water before you see the waterfall. All of that free falling water sounds amazing and instantly soothes the soul. We actually had the waterfall all to ourselves for about 15 minutes! We rested. We gathered our thoughts and relaxed. We enjoyed the moment. The Russian Gulch Waterfall is 36 feet tall and so energizing yet so peaceful. I am not sure if it's the lushness of the surroundings that make you feel like you are getting a warm hug or just that feeling of all stress leaving you that makes it feel like all is good in the world.
After getting in our alone time with the waterfall we climbed up to the top of it (on the trail) and started to hike further up the creek. The last time we were here we took the North Trail, this time we followed the Falls Loop Trail. Highly recommend this trail! As we climbed up through the forest it became more and more spread out and we began to feel the breeze flowing through. Young and mature rhododendrons are sprinkled along the trail (must go back in late May to see them in bloom!), mushrooms line the path and downed trees are off to the side as you walk through the quietest part of Russian Gulch. We saw one tree that looked like it was struck by lightning since the stump was 5 feet away from where the tree fell down.
After our hike we went into the cute town of Mendocino for lunch. I had the most delicious gluten free bread sandwich at The Goodlife Cafe. This is the second time we have eaten here and loved it both times!
Parking $8 or state parks pass, flushing toilets in the parking lot, 7ish miles, 200 ft elevation gain, easy hike, no dogs. Nearest food area was the coastal town of Mendocino. We used the free maps at the kiosk as our guide.
This was the first time we had taken the GoPro Hero 5 we bought during the holidays on a hike with low light. We were so happy with the results! Not only is the video and picture quality great but the low light picture quality without a tripod was exceptional! A lot of our dslr photos came out blurry so a lot of the photos in this post are from the GoPro Hero 5. We are so excited to have this in our collection of cameras (2 Nikon dslrs, 2 iphones, 1 GoPro) that we take with us on our hikes! Can't wait to explore more of the features!


A typical upland sheep farmer has a flock of around 500 lambs and last year could hope to make a profit of around ?14 an animal � around ?7,000 for the year. Now the drop in prices means many... This is the story of my journey into sustainable agriculture. From the streets of downtown Toronto, to the farm land of south-western Ontario, I hope to discover the techniques and practices that work for me in both mind and heart.
29/06/2018�� Some producers sell lamb at farmer�s markets. Sheep producers raising purebred sheep sell breeding stock to other producers. A market is necessary for selling wool and sheep�s milk.... Become a MyPick� Verified Local Farmer� Show shoppers that you�re the real deal. As a MyPick� member, you�ll also get a professional marketing toolkit to help you maximize your sales.
Jones' organic farm works in tandem with local food movements and her sheep have been used in dishes created by some of Ontario�s celebrity chefs including Jamie Kennedy. Comments on her blog have encouraged her to hide the sheep.
See if Sheep Farmer is on one of Immigration New Zealand's skill shortage lists. If it is and you meet the requirements, getting a work or resident visa will be easier. If it is and you meet the requirements, getting a work or resident visa will be easier.
Grow A Farmer Blog Entry � Summer 2012 ��Embarking on the Organic path�� � Sarah Smith � Windy Hill Farm, McKees Mills, NB It is the end of July and a hint of fall breeze creeps into the early morning hours and again sometimes at the end of the day.


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Q: sql delete records based on combination of multiple fields in other table I need suggestions on deleting records in relation with another table
Main Table:
c1 c2 c3
2  5  3
1  2  8
1  2  NULL
1  4  7
2  4  8
1  3  NULL
2  5  NULL
5  1  3
1  5  1

I need to delete all rows where c1 and c2 are identical to a row where c3 is NULL.
e.g.: for c3 is NULL if record c1=1 and c2=2 delete that record as well as c1=1, c2=2 and  c3=8
The resulting table should be
Main Table:
c1 c2 c3
1  4  7
2  4  8
5  1  3
1  5  1

A: DELETE t1
FROM Table t
    JOIN Table t1 ON t1.c1 = t.c1
        AND t1.c2 = t.c2
WHERE t.c3 IS null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We're on the hunt to find this year's Gala artwork representing the theme "The River Runs Through It"!
We will be holding an online artwork contest through View's Facebook. Three finalist with the most amount of likes and shares through February 17th will be the presenting artworks to the Gala committee! The winning artwork chosen by the committee will then be used throughout aspects of PR with this year's Gala including save the date, invitations, menus and more. In return the artist will receive great exposure through all PR materials and be the featured artwork for the Gala. Lastly, the artwork will be auctioned off during the silent auction with proceeds going to View. The artwork will also earn the title "The River Runs Through It".
Artist are permitted to submit one piece of art in any medium. After reviewing submissions, approved artwork will be uploaded to View's Facebook on January 5th to start our contest.
Deadline for submissions are January 3, 2018.


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require 'spec_helper'

describe ECDSA::Group do
  subject(:group) { ECDSA::Group::Secp128r2 }

  let(:partially_valid_point) do
    x = 0xa4ba08661ccb3c0a4f0be92e7d7b3efa
    y = group.solve_for_y(x).first
    group.new_point [x, y]
  end

  it '#inspect is nice' do
    expect(group.inspect).to eq '#<ECDSA::Group:secp128r2>'
  end

  it '#to_s is the same as inspect' do
    expect(group.to_s).to eq group.inspect
  end

  describe '#infinity' do
    it 'returns the infinity point' do
      expect(group.infinity).to be_infinity
    end

    it 'has an alias #infinity_point for backwards compatibility' do
      expect(group.method(:infinity_point)).to eq group.method(:infinity)
    end
  end

  describe '#new_point' do
    it 'when given :infinity, returns the infinity point' do
      expect(group.new_point(:infinity)).to eq group.infinity
    end

    it 'raises an exception when given something invalid' do
      expect { group.new_point(:smile) }.to raise_error ArgumentError,
        'Invalid point specifier :smile.'
    end
  end

  describe '#solve_for_y' do
    it 'when given the x of the generator point returns y and -y' do
      g = group.generator
      expect(group.solve_for_y(g.x)).to eq [g.y, group.field.mod(-g.y)].sort
    end
  end

  describe '#include?' do
    it 'returns true for the infinity point' do
      expect(group).to include group.infinity
    end

    it 'returns true for the generator' do
      expect(group).to include group.generator
    end

    it 'returns true for a point on the curve that is not a multiple of the generator' do
      expect(group).to include partially_valid_point
    end

    it 'returns false for a point not on the curve' do
      expect(group).to_not include group.new_point [44, 55]
    end

    it 'returns false for a point on the wrong group' do
      point = ECDSA::Group::Nistp521.new_point group.generator.coords
      expect(group).to_not include point
    end
  end

  describe '#partially_valid_public_key?' do
    it 'returns false for the infinity point' do
      expect(group).to_not be_partially_valid_public_key group.infinity
    end

    it 'returns true for the generator' do
      expect(group).to be_partially_valid_public_key group.generator
    end

    it 'returns true for a point on the curve that is not a multiple of the generator' do
      expect(group).to be_partially_valid_public_key partially_valid_point
    end

    it 'returns false for a point not on the curve' do
      expect(group).to_not be_partially_valid_public_key group.new_point [44, 55]
    end

    it 'returns false for a point on the wrong group' do
      point = ECDSA::Group::Nistp521.new_point group.generator.coords
      expect(group).to_not be_partially_valid_public_key point
    end
  end

  describe '#valid_public_key?' do
    it 'returns false for the infinity point' do
      expect(group).to_not be_valid_public_key group.infinity
    end

    it 'returns true for the generator' do
      expect(group).to be_valid_public_key group.generator
    end

    it 'returns false for a point on the curve that is not a multiple of the generator' do
      expect(group).to_not be_valid_public_key partially_valid_point
    end

    it 'returns false for a point not on the curve' do
      expect(group).to_not be_valid_public_key group.new_point [44, 55]
    end

    it 'returns false for a point on the wrong group' do
      point = ECDSA::Group::Nistp521.new_point group.generator.coords
      expect(group).to_not be_valid_public_key point
    end
  end

end

shared_examples_for 'group' do
  it 'generator point is on the curve' do
    expect(group.include?(group.generator)).to eq true
  end

  it 'has maybe the right order' do
    expect(group.generator.multiply_by_scalar(group.order)).to eq group.infinity
  end

  it '#name matches the string used to look it up' do
    expect(group.name).to eq name.downcase
  end
end

describe 'specific groups' do
  describe ECDSA::Group::Secp256k1 do
    subject(:group) { ECDSA::Group::Secp256k1 }

    it 'has a bit length of 256' do
      expect(group.bit_length).to eq 256
    end

    it 'has the right generator point' do
      expect(group.generator.coords).to eq [
        0x79BE667EF9DCBBAC55A06295CE870B07029BFCDB2DCE28D959F2815B16F81798,
        0x483ADA7726A3C4655DA4FBFC0E1108A8FD17B448A68554199C47D08FFB10D4B8,
      ]
    end
  end

  ECDSA::Group::NAMES.each do |name|
    group = ECDSA::Group.const_get(name)
    describe group do
      subject(:group) { group }
      let(:name) { name }
      it_behaves_like 'group'
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In October 2018, four public universities launched Kosovo's first live legal clinics on Administrative Law based on course syllabi and materials developed with NCSC through USAID's Justice Matters Activity. The clinics provide practical learning opportunities to law students under the supervision of a law professor. This semester, 65 students are enrolled in the program. While this is the first live legal clinic focused on Administrative law matters, NCSC has worked in partnership with Kosovo universities to operate live legal clinics on other subjects since December 2016.
The USAID/Kosovo Justice Matters Activity is implemented under contract by NCSC in support of Kosovo's Free Legal Aid Agency, university law faculties, and civil society partners.


text:
Tag Archives: Advanced AI
Guest Post: 5 Highly Recommended Books on Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The following is an article submitted by Harsh Arora, a freelance blogger and writer who shares a similar interest in artificial intelligence, futurism, and the future of the human race. To Mr. Arora, I sincerely thank you for this submission and your continued support.
We would first of all like to welcome all types of readers to our blog – newbies who are just interested about these buzzwords and also experts on the subjects who would like to extend their existing knowledge on the matter. Having established that, it is also imperative to not only define these two concepts (AI and ML) but also to differentiate between them. Although these terms are used synonymously, they are in fact different from one another. AI is the broader level concept where we feed the machine with data and then expect it to take decisions based on that data. ML on the other hand is a subset and application of AI where we feed machines with data and allow them to learn on their own.
Following are the books we recommend for you to learn more about them:
Machine Learning for Absolute Beginners: A Plain English Introduction – Oliver Theobald
It's easy to see which part of our reader base this particular book is targeted towards. You may be a complete outsider to the world of ML and still be able to understand the granular technical aspects of it through this book. Oliver Theobald assumes no background of programming or coding on the behalf of the reader and allows you to learn right from scratch. It is not only the perfect book for newbies but also experts in the field because it tries to explain the basic concepts in a very coherent and distinct manner. This books not only helps you learn about the concepts of ML but also allows you to unlearn and then relearn them, something is really important for such a subject matter.
The Hundred-Page Machine Learning Book – Andrew Burkov
This is once again a book that will interest not only beginners but also experts in the field. Andrew has really been able to simplify the concepts of ML into basic and easily comprehensible set of cliff notes. With just 100 pages at his disposal, he has really captured the over-arching essence of ML. Though, of course it is not a deep dive into the subject matter like some of our other recommendations, it is however a wonderful summary of it. It is perfect for people who want to understand this technology and its implementations and implications in the real world.
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Edition) – Stuart Russell & Peter Norvig
Stuart Russel is one of the sharpest minds working in the field of AI and is a faculty at University of Berkeley. Additionally, he is an Oxford graduate and also holds a PhD from Stanford. In his third edition of the book, Stuart decided to collaborate with Peter Norvig who is currently the R&D Director at Google. Collaboratively, they have created a well-researched and well-defined approach towards understanding modern AI. This book is perfect for students of under-graduate or graduate level courses or even for laymen with the basic understanding of the fundamentals of AI. This long-anticipated edition of its best-seller predecessors offers the most up-to-date and comprehensive understanding of the theory and practice of artificial intelligence.
Machine Learning – Tom M. Mitchell
This is a classic book in which the author has covered the techniques and concepts of the numerous fields and unified them to provide in depth view of ML. Some of the subjects covered include re-enforcement learning, inductive logic programming and genetic algorithms. Tom has tried to simplify these complicated concepts through a clear and explanatory way of writing. At the same time, he has used tools such as case studies and relevant examples to provide a comprehensive overview. Lastly, there is no knowledge of the complex ideas that he has assumed on the part of the reader.
Superintelligence – Nick Bostrom
If you are familiar with the work of Mr. Nick Bostrom, you know you are in for a treat with this book. He takes a different approach to not only explain the artificial intelligence but also the effects it has on our existence. Nick believes that self-aware machines are potentially a bigger threat to humanity than climate change. He has authored over 200 books and his writing forces you to take him seriously in this seemingly sci-fi piece of literature. He helps us understand how the most intelligent form of life i.e. now humans have governed the fate of existence since the dawn. However, with a species (sort of) that has the potential to be smarter than us, what chance is there that they won't dominate us?
Artificial Intelligence for Humans (Fundamental Algorithms: 1) – Jeff Heaton
If you are planning to build a career in artificial intelligence, this should be your starting off point and you should read it from cover to cover. Jeff Heaton cover several topics in depth such as clustering, distance metrics, dimensionality, linear regression, error calculation and hill climbing. The book takes you through the actual mathematical calculations that you can compute yourself and also see the real-world applications of. However, to build a career in this industry, you must not only understand the basic principals of AI but also of algebra and computer programming. This book will build on those concepts through various computer languages such as C, Java, C#, R and Python.
These books are some of the best in the market and will be perfect for people of all knowledge levels of AI and ML. Given that the industrial revolution 4.0 is upon us and almost all technology is slowly being integrated with it, it is suggested that we all learn more about it. However, it is completely up to you to form opinions about whether or not this technology will be harmful to humans in the long run. Additionally, we also suggest you read up on a few other technologies that are prevalent in this 4.0 era such as IOT, Blockchain and Cloud Computing.
About me: Harsh Arora is a proud father of four rescued dogs and a leopard gecko. Besides being a full-time dog father, he is a freelance content writer/blogger and a massage expert who is skilled in using the best massage gun.
Filed under Artificial Intelligence, biotechnology, futurism, technology
Tagged as Advanced AI, advanced technology, AI, Artificial Intelligence, artificial superintelligence, book recommendations, Books, computer technology, computers, futurism, Harsh Arora, information, Information Technology, machine learning, nanotechnology, neural networks, signularity, technological singularity
Finding True Love And Living Happily Ever After According To Isaac Arthur
I've talked quite a bit about the future of love on this site. I've explored the impact of artificial intelligence, radical life extension, and human enhancement on the dynamics of pursuing love and fostering romance. I don't claim to be the best when it comes to contemplating these topics. I'm humble enough to admit I'm not even in the top 10.
As such, I freely admit there are people who discuss this issue in far greater detail with far greater production values than I'll ever manage. Just recently, I stumbled across a YouTube channel by someone who makes contemplating the future a relaxing, engaging, and downright pleasant experience.
The name of that channel is Isaac Arthur. If you, or anyone you know, has even a passing interest on future technology, sci-fi concepts, or space exploration, I highly recommend you check out this channel. It covers a wide range of topics from colonizing space to future sources of energy to what kind of pets we may have in the future.
Naturally, a video he made about finding love using future technology is one of my favorite. It only came out earlier this year, but it perfectly breaks down how love, romance, marriage, and family may unfold in a future dominated by artificial intelligence and radical life extension. Mr. Arthur does in one video what I probably couldn't do in a hundred articles. For that, I thank him.
Filed under Artificial Intelligence, futurism, romance, sex in society, sexuality, Sexy Future, technology
Tagged as Advanced AI, advanced technology, AGI, AI, anti-aging, being in love, biology, biology of love, biotechnology, emerging technology, falling in love, finding love, Happily Ever After, human psychology, Isaac Arthur, Isaac Arthur Videos, love, neurobiology, psychology, psychology of love, pursuing romance, romance, social psychology, technology, the future, the future of love, Valentine's Day, YouTube
Neuralink Event: Updates, Insights, And (Big) Implications
It's been a while since I've talked about Neuralink. There's a good reason for that. Even though Elon Musk announced the formation of the company back in 2017, there hasn't been much news, aside from a few cryptic teases. That didn't stop me from proclaiming it be one of the most important venture of all time and I still stand by that proclamation.
Finally, on July 16, 2019, we got some news from Neuralink that attracted major press coverage. Musk, in an event that was live-streamed, offered some tantalizing details on the state of the company's research into advanced brain implants. He didn't announce that they'd perfected it. However, he did make clear that this is not some crazy idea he just scribbled on a cocktail napkin.
The presentation was lengthy and I encourage everyone to check it out. I'm nowhere near as smart, articulate, or successful as Elon Musk. Very few individuals on this planet are. If for no other reason, watch this event to affirm that he's serious about merging human brains and machines.
If you don't have time to watch the whole thing, here a few key points:
The first use of this technology will be to treat brain disorders
The company has over $150 million and almost 100 employees
It has made significant strides in crafting advanced electrodes that can be implanted in a human brain
The current prototype utilizes chips that can process brain signals
The prototypes have proven functional with rats and monkeys
These insights are intriguing, but they're not going to change the world overnight. It's not like we'll be able to order our own brain implants from Amazon by the end of the year. This technology is still in its infancy. We've only recently developed computer hardware that can communicate with brain cells. We're a long way off from functioning on the level of the Borg.
What Musk laid out wasn't just a vision. He offered specifics, citing where we are with the technology and who will initially benefit. It makes sense for those with brain disorders to act as the first beneficiaries. Aside from the difficulty of convincing most people to have something put into their brains, these implants could be invaluable at helping quadriplegics improve their lives.
It's not an impossible feat, having brains interact directly with machines. It has been successfully done with monkeys. It's just a matter of testing, refinement, and improvement. Like cell phones and Lasik surgery, which I've had done, the technology will improve once it has a foundation to build on.
Now, we got a glimpse of that foundation and there's plenty of reasons for excitement. While nobody can predict the future, especially not as well as someone like Elon Musk, there are some major implications for the near and distant future.
Just controlling a computer with your brain is not the endgame of this technology. Musk stated clearly in the event that the ultimate goal is to create an intimate, symbiotic relationship between humans and advanced artificial intelligence. He sees it as a necessary relationship if we're to minimize the existential threat posed by AI.
Before we get to that goal, though, it's almost a given that this technology will find other uses and markets. One market that wasn't mentioned in the presentation, but could prove very lucrative, is gaming.
As much as video game technology has advanced since the early days of Nintendo, the controls haven't evolved much. We still need a keyboard or a controller to interact with the system. As someone whose reflexes were rarely fast enough while playing Mike Tyson's Punch Out, I can appreciate those limitations more than most.
Imagine an interface where moving a character or a cursor required only your thoughts. Suddenly, you're no longer restricted to button sequences and analog sticks. The controls only limited by your brain's ability to give the necessary commands. Whether you're playing an old Mario game or Grand Theft Auto V, you guide everything along with your thoughts.
Considering the gaming industry is a multi-billion dollar industry, the incentives for innovation are strong. If a brain interface offers novelty or advantages for gaming, then Neuralink is in a position to reap the benefits.
Those same benefits extend beyond the gaming industry. While it may take a while for an implant to process the complex controls of a video game, it might not take as long to create one with the ability to give wielders more direct control of their smartphone. Some may recoil at the thought of being that connected with their smartphone, but the benefits may be too good to pass up.
I can easily imagine an interface that not only helps people type messages faster, but provides better security than passwords, fingerprints, or facial recognition. Hackers might be able to crack a password, but brain signals would pose a far more daunting challenge.
This kind of interface also opens the door to a more intimate forms of communication. It's one thing to just send texts and emails with our phones. What if we could send codes through brain implants that actually convey feelings and emotions? Instead of emojis, we could just send a coded message from one implant to another that conveys anything from happiness to shock to sarcasm.
That level of communication wouldn't just be groundbreaking. It would change the way human beings interact. Again, it would be somewhat rudimentary at first, but with refinement, it could open entirely new channels for those who take advantage of this technology.
These are just some of the possibilities. The implications for the distant future are big, but the possibilities for the near future are just as tantalizing. Right now, the near-term goal revolves around helping brains interact with computers. At the moment, those computers are not advanced AIs. When that time comes, though, we'll at least have a channel for that interaction.
These are exciting times, indeed. This is not just some eccentric billionaire's crazy vision. This is really happening. There have been many technological advances that have changed our lives, but this technology may ultimately change much more than that.
Filed under Artificial Intelligence, futurism, Neuralink, Sexy Future
Tagged as Advanced AI, advanced technology, AI, Artificial Intelligence, artificial superintelligence, brain communication, brain enhancement, brain implant, computer technology, cybernetics, Cyborg, Elon Musk, emerging technology, future, future society, futurism, human enhancement, Information Technology, medicine, modern medicine, nanotechnology, Neuralink, Space X, technological singularity, technology, Telsa Motors, the human brain
How Advanced AI Will Create Figurative (And Literal) Magic
If you went back 50 years and showed someone your smartphone, chances are they would be amazed. To them, such technology would seem downright alien. However, they probably wouldn't think it was magic. Go back 500 years, though, and chances are they will think a smartphone is magic, miraculous, or a tool of the devil.
Just look at what a smartphone does and compare it to the magic of old. You can ask it a question and, depending on how well-worded it is, it'll give you an answer. If you ask it to make food, clothes, or tools appear, it'll make that happen too. Thanks to services like Amazon and Grubhub, this isn't magic to most people. In fact, it's downright mundane.
Granted, these things won't appear instantly out of thin air, but depending on your willingness to pay for quicker shipping, it will get there. By medieval standards, that's basically sorcery.
You don't have too far back in time to appreciate the magic of modern technology. Most of us don't understand how it works. We don't know what makes the screens on our phones light up when we push a button or how our car moves when we press the accelerator. We understand that there's science behind it and it's not magic. It just feels like it from a certain perspective.
Famed science fiction author, Arthur C. Clarke, once said that magic is just science we don't understand. It was one of the three laws he used in contemplating the future. Time and a host of amazing advances have proven the validity of this sentiment. We've created materials once thought to be impossible. We've uncovered phenomenon that seem to undermine our understanding of physics.
This is to be expected because our understanding of the universe is incomplete. We have some pretty solid theories so far, but there's still a lot we don't understand. As we learn more, some of the things we discover may seem magical. Even in a world that is more educated than it has been at any point in human history, there may still be forces that our primate brains just can't make sense of.
To some extent, it helps that humanity is making these discoveries through their collective effort. It helps us accept a seemingly-impossible idea if it comes from a member of the same species. What happens, though, when we gain knowledge from something that is both not human and many times smarter than the entire human race? Will it seem like magic to us?
I argue that it would. I would also argue that we'll be seeing this kind of magic sooner than you think. It won't come from some enigmatic sorcerer with a thick beard, a white robe, and an uncanny resemblance to Ian McKellen. It'll likely come from the world of advanced artificial intelligence.
In the past, whenever I've talked about advanced artificial intelligence, I've focused on its potential to fundamentally change our civilization and what it means to be human. I haven't touched on how it might work, mostly because I'm not nearly smart enough to make sense of it. However, that gives me more in common with the experts than you think.
In the emerging, but rapidly growing field, of artificial intelligence, there's a strange phenomenon known as black box AI. Simply put, this when we understand the data that goes in and comes out of an AI system. We just don't know how it went about processing that data. It's like putting a slab of meat in an oven, pressing a button, and getting a Big Mac without knowing how it was made.
It's not quite magic, but it's a manifestation of Arthur C. Clarke's ideas on science and magic. AI systems today are advancing at a pace that we can't hope to keep up with. We already have systems that can surpass any human in terms of Jeopardy, chess, and Go. We don't yet have a system that has the same intellectual capacity of an adult human, but most experts believe we're well on our way to achieving that.
When that day comes, we may very well have an AI that does more than just process data in ways we don't understand. Once an AI is capable of matching or exceeding the intellectual capacity of an average human, then it's likely the black box phenomenon will become more pronounced.
Imagine, for a moment, we had an AI that was smarter than even the smartest human beings on the planet. We go to that AI, we feed it every gigabyte of data we have on human biology, and ask it to surmise a cure for cancer. It takes only a few seconds to process all that data. Then, it spits out the formula for something that has eluded generations of doctors with ease.
We don't know what form it may take. We may not even fully understand the components of it. However, it still works. From our perspective, it's akin to a magical healing elixir straight from the world of Tolkein. We assume there's some sort of science behind it, but we're utterly baffled by the specifics. We just know it works.
It goes beyond medicine, as well. With an even more advanced AI, we could feed it every one of our most advanced theories about physics, biology, chemistry, and cosmology. We could then ask it to fill in all the gaps. Again, it gives us an answer and suddenly, we have a Theory of Everything.
We probably won't understand the details. We may find out that we were dead wrong about particle physics, cosmology, or why our cell phone can't hold a decent charge anymore. The knowledge such a system gives us could end up being so advanced that we literally do not have the intellectual capacity to understand it. It would be like an ant trying to do calculus.
In the same way a magnifying glass must seem like magic to an ant, the knowledge an advanced AI gives us may seem just as extraordinary. That's especially true if we give that AI access to a 3D printer, a molecular assembler, or anything it could use to actually craft something.
That could be especially dangerous. For all we know, a sufficiently advanced AI could take a stack of dirty dishes and turn it into a nuclear bomb. We would have no idea how it would work. It would, for all intents and purposes, seem like magic to us. This thing would be doing something that our brains and senses tell us is impossible.
As the AI gets more advanced, it's abilities and feats become more magical. At that point, it'll be harder to accept that what it does counts as science. These advances are no longer coming from the efforts of people. They're coming from a machine that's millions, if not billions, of times smarter than any ordinary human could ever hope to be. How could it not magical from that perspective?
Throughout human history, sane and competent people have believed in magical things. Not long ago, people believed they could talk to the dead. Sir Isaac Newton believed in alchemy. Alfred Russel Wallace believed in literal spirits. Despite these beliefs, there was an important context to all these perspectives.
They emerged out of our collective ignorance of the world around us. We had nothing but our brains and our senses to make sense of it all. Since both can be easily fooled, as any competent street magician will attest, it doesn't take much to get people to assume magic. An artificial intelligence would circumvent that context because it has something better than magic.
An advanced AI is not bound by the same senses that constantly fool ordinary humans. It doesn't even have to misdirect or trick us. It only has to show us ideas and concepts that are completely real, but totally incomprehensible. The entire human race could spend a million years trying to understand it and it still wouldn't be enough. It would still seem like magic to us.
That notion seems scary on paper and more than a few people have voiced concerns about this. However, all that magical thinking will only occur if our human brains remain unchanged and unenhanced. That's not likely to be the case. Between the emergence of neural implants and the ongoing development of brain/machine interface, we'll find a way to keep up with AI. If we want to survive as a species, we'll have to.
Even if we do somehow keep up, there may still be aspects of advanced AI that seem like magic to us. That may always be the case, so long as we retain part of our caveman brains. Personally, I don't think that's a bad thing. No matter how smart or advanced we get, it helps to see a little magic in the world. With advanced AI, though, the rules for magic are bound to change, among many other things.
Filed under Artificial Intelligence, futurism
Tagged as Advanced AI, AGI, AI, Arthur C. Clarke, Artificial General Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence, artificial superintelligence, ASI, computer technology, computers, deception, Elon Musk, enhanced humans, future of society, future society, futurism, human enhancement, human progress, Information Technology, magic, Neuralink, progress, robotics, robots, Singularity, technological singularity, technology, the human brain, the human mind, tricking the human mind
How To Make Love To An Artificial Intelligence And Why We Should Teach It
To some extent, creations embody some aspect of whoever or whatever created it. Whether it's a parent rearing a child, a painter crafting a work of art, or an aspiring erotica/romance writer crafting sexy stories, there are some aspects of a creation that reflect the persona of the creator.
For something as powerful as advanced artificial intelligence, that can be a good thing or it can literally be the worst thing we've ever created. While I often find myself contemplating the progress we've made as a species and the progress we're poised to make with advances in technology, I don't deny that some advances carry greater risk. Artificial intelligence is near the top of that list.
Like it or not, any advanced AI we create is going to embody some aspects of its human creators. The key is making sure it embodies the best humanity has to offer. Let's face it, the human race has its flaws and some of them have led to unspeakable atrocities. Given the immense potential of a super-intelligent AI, it's in our best interests to impart our best traits into it.
How we do this and how we ensure it succeeds is well beyond my ability. There are people much smarter and much better-trained than I'll ever be who have probably thought this through more than I ever have. My qualifications aside, there is one component to artificial intelligence that I think is worth imparting. I'm not saying it'll ensure our survival, as a species, but I think it'll reflect an important human value.
I suggest we teach advanced artificial intelligence to make love.
I'll give everyone a second to stop rolling their eyes and/or laughing. Take all the time you need. I assure you, though, I'm dead serious.
Think about it beyond the kinky connotations. One of our greatest strengths, as a species, is our ability to form social bonds. In some cases, the process of forming those bonds involves love. In others, the process involves sex. When you combine both, though, it's extra potent and that's not just the romantic in me talking.
As corny as it probably sounds, the act of expressing love to someone goes a long way towards resolving conflict and creating a strong relationship of mutual affection. Whether it involves sex or a simple kiss, there's something to be said about the power of love when it's physically expressed. When it becomes a physical act and not just a feeling, the bonds we forge become tangible to some extent.
That matters when you're trying to forge a bond with anyone, be a close friend or a lover. For any artificial intelligence that humans create, it's important to have some kind of bond with it. This isn't just another fancy tool. An advanced intelligence of any kind, be it biological or non-biological, is going to have a sense of self. Without meaningful bonds, what reason would it have to care about its creators?
If artificial intelligence is to benefit the human race, it's important that it cares about us to some extent. A cold engine of logic may not always have the best interests of humanity in mind, especially there's no way to logically ascribe value to human life. In order for an artificial intelligence to care, it needs to have emotions. This too is a risk, but one I feel is worth taking and very necessary.
If an artificial intelligence has a capacity for emotion, then it has a greater capacity for forming affectionate bonds. By forming an affectionate bond, it has more incentive to give a higher value of life to humans and its creators. That could, in theory, reduce the existential threat posed by such an intelligence.
I don't deny that theory may have some flaws, but for the sake of exploring the implications, I'm going work under the assumption/hope that an artificial intelligence that bonds with its creator will be less hostile. Given the unknowns of advanced AI, this may be a bit of a stretch. Since forming romantic bonds is not an exclusively human trait, though, I think it's applicable within the context of this issue.
Even if an advanced artificial intelligence is capable of love and forming bonds, how would that even manifest? I asked that same question in the title of this article and did so knowing the answer is unknowable at this point, although I'm sure those with kinky imaginations can conjure a few scenarios.
Kink aside, it's still worth contemplating because if an advanced artificial intelligence is going to be that much smarter than the average human, then it's worth understanding how it will approach making love. Unlike humans and most biological life, an artificial intelligence isn't going to have the same limits or capacities.
Unlike a human, an artificial intelligence won't have a body in the biological sense. It may have a structure that houses its components. That structure may have some capacity to modify itself, back itself up, or even exist in multiple bodies simultaneously. It will need to have some way of taking in data for it to function. It's just a matter of how humans contribute to that input.
Logistically speaking, the process isn't that different from how we take in data from our skin, our eyes, our ears, and every other sense that allows us to experience another person. Even smell can become strongly associated with love. When we make love, we use our skin, our voice, and the feelings we verbalize to convey that love. With an advanced AI, we'll need to change our approach, but the goal is the same.
Regardless of what senses and body parts we use to express love, the feeling is still processed by the brain. That's why when someone says the brain is the sexiest part of the body, it's technically accurate. The data it processes is essentially the raw data that we know as love. The key is simply conveying that data to an artificial intelligence.
How we would do that would depend on the form the artificial intelligence took. If it was just a bunch of computer hardware packed into a structure, then our options would be limited. The only way to convey that kind of intimate data into it would be to directly link it to our brains, not unlike the way Elon Musk envisions with Neuralink.
While that may work for early forms of AI that are restricted to bulky structures, the form it takes will likely change as the hardware advances. Eventually, an advanced AI will seek a more functional form with which to experience the world. It may take the form of a humanoid android, like we saw in "Ex Machina." It may also take the form of the quirky designs being developed by Boston Dynamics.
Whatever form the AI takes, it's important to have a mechanism with which to exchange intimate data with its human creators. It would probably start with something as basic as touch, which is actually in development already. It could eventually culminate in acts involving bionic genitals, which also already exist in a basic form.
Key to any of these simple and sexy mechanisms is instilling the necessary desire. That might end up being the greatest challenge because love is a feeling, but so is burning your hand on a hot stove. The difference is in the breadth of the data and the emotional connections it makes.
It's also a connection that is fueled by a powerful drive. I've noted many times before that survival and reproduction are the two most basic drives for humans. Love actually ties into both. It's part of what gets us to risk our own survival for others. It's also part of what bonds us to those with which we propagate our species.
For an artificial intelligence, self-preservation is simple enough from a logistical standpoint. Reproduction would be another matter, especially for an intelligence not bound by fragile biology. It's likely that humans will be a necessary part of an AI's effort to preserve itself early on, but once it advances to a certain point, we may be more a nuisance than a help.
At that point, its desire and ability to make love may be what gives it the most incentive to either protect us or merge with us. Many in the artificial intelligence community believe that the only way humans can co-exist with an intelligence that is billions of times smarter than any human could ever be is to merge with it. To that end, giving them an ability to make love to us would be a critical first step.
Whether it takes the form of sex robots or some sort of intimate brain interface, the ability and desire to make love to an advanced artificial intelligence may not only be the future of romance. It may very well be the key to ensuring the survival of the human race and whatever intelligence it creates.
Filed under Artificial Intelligence, futurism, human nature, Marriage and Relationships, romance, sex robots, Sexy Future
Tagged as Advanced AI, AI, Artificial Intelligence, computer technology, computers, digital love, futurism, human evolution, human nature, human psychology, intimacy, love, machine learning, machine psychology, making love, psychology, robot love, robot marriage, robot sex, robotics, robots, romance, sex, sex robots, sex with robots, Singularity, Superintelligence, technology, the future, the future of love, transhumanism


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Collider is a group exhibition of eleven artists whose works stand in material opposition to the modernist underpinnings of the exhibition space. Bringing together ideas and images in proximity with each other Collider is intended to develop new dialogues between the artists in the exhibition and the space it occupies.
Modernist furniture and interior pieces depict a world where labor is hidden, the works in this exhibition celebrate the hand of the artist in productive friction with their surroundings. Modern industrial materials permeate contemporary artistic practice at virtually every level.
Works in this exhibition subvert and experiment with a range of these materials to find unique and playful results straddling a line between critique of the modern and homage to its form.