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Determination of geographic variance in stroke prevalence using Internet search engine analytics
Brian P. Walcott M.D., Brian V. Nahed M.D., Kristopher T. Kahle M.D., Ph.D., Navid Redjal M.D., and Jean-Valery Coumans M.D.
Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
DOI link:
https://doi.org/10.3171/2011.2.FOCUS1124
Previous methods to determine stroke prevalence, such as nationwide surveys, are labor-intensive endeavors. Recent advances in search engine query analytics have led to a new metric for disease surveillance to evaluate symptomatic phenomenon, such as influenza. The authors hypothesized that the use of search engine query data can determine the prevalence of stroke.
The Google Insights for Search database was accessed to analyze anonymized search engine query data. The authors' search strategy utilized common search queries used when attempting either to identify the signs and symptoms of a stroke or to perform stroke education. The search logic was as follows: (stroke signs + stroke symptoms + mini stroke − heat) from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010.
The relative number of searches performed (the interest level) for this search logic was established for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated from the statespecific stroke prevalence data previously reported.
Web search engine interest level was available for all 50 states and the District of Columbia over the time period for January 1, 2005–December 31, 2010. The interest level was highest in Alabama and Tennessee (100 and 96, respectively) and lowest in California and Virginia (58 and 53, respectively). The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to be 0.47 (p = 0.0005, 2-tailed).
Search engine query data analysis allows for the determination of relative stroke prevalence. Further investigation will reveal the reliability of this metric to determine temporal pattern analysis and prevalence in this and other symptomatic diseases.
Abbreviation used in this paper:
BRFSS = Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
Keywords: search engine; stroke; epidemiology; prevalence; public health
Stroke represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and death in the US.6 An estimated 795,000 new strokes occur each year in the US, making it the third overall leading cause of death in America.5 Surveillance data has been notoriously difficult to obtain due to sampling ability and reporting bias. In 2007 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey and reported the first state-specific variability in stroke prevalence.7 The prevalence estimates from the BRFSS are produced from a state-based, random-digit-dial telephone survey, a method that is probably costly and labor intensive.
Recent advances in search engine queries have led to the development of a new metric for disease surveillance to evaluate symptomatic phenomena in the infectious disease literature. Because about 90 million American adults are believed to search online for information about specific diseases or medical problems each year,2 Internet search engine data represent a potentially valuable source of information about health trends. Recently, an analysis of the frequency of queries related to influenza infection was highly correlated with the percentage of physician visits in which a patient presented with influenza-like symptoms.3 Essentially, near real-time prevalence data are available using search engine query data. With this in mind, we hypothesized that the use of search engine query data could determine the prevalence of a noninfectious but symptomatic disease: stroke.
We accessed the Google Insights for Search database (Google, Inc.) to analyze anonymized search engine query data (http://www.google.com/insights/search). This database contains 50 million of the most common search queries on all possible topics, without prefiltering. While billions of search queries occur every day, only those that occur frequently are included in the database. The Internet protocol (IP) address associated with each search query is recorded, allowing the location of each search to be determined to the nearest major city within the US.
Our search strategy utilized common search queries that either a patient or a patient's representative might use when attempting to identify the signs and symptoms of a stroke or to perform stroke education. Our search logic (stroke signs + stroke symptoms + mini stroke − heat) included all dates from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010. The term "− heat" was used to exclude all queries relating to heat stroke. We filtered for Web searches only and included all search categories.
The relative number of searches performed for this search logic was established relative to the total number of searches performed on Google over the same amount of time for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. All data were normalized and then scaled (interest level). A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was then calculated from the state-specific stroke prevalence data previously reported.7
The Web search engine interest level was available for all 50 states and the District of Columbia for the time period from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010. Interest level was highest in Alabama and Tennessee (100 and 96, respectively) and lowest in California and Virginia (58 and 53, respectively) (Table 1 and Fig. 1). The Pearson correlation coefficient calculated with previously reported state prevalence rates was determined to be 0.47 (p = 0.0005, 2-tailed; Fig. 2).7
Interest level and stroke prevalence for 50 states and the District of Columbia for January 1, 2005–December 31, 2010
Stroke Prevalence*
Alabama 100 3.2
Alaska 64 2.5
Arizona 82 2.1
Arkansas 90 3.0
California 58 2.6
Colorado 77 1.7
Connecticut 67 1.5
Delaware 68 2.6
District of Columbia 70 3.4
Florida 82 2.8
Georgia 84 2.9
Hawaii 74 2.8
Idaho 76 2.4
Illinois 77 3.0
Indiana 82 2.5
Iowa 73 2.6
Kansas 78 2.3
Kentucky 93 3.1
Louisiana 89 3.3
Maine 79 2.4
Maryland 79 2.1
Massachusetts 71 2.1
Michigan 83 3.0
Minnesota 77 1.7
Mississippi 92 4.3
Missouri 90 3.1
Montana 74 2.1
Nebraska 82 2.2
Nevada 74 3.2
New Hampshire 72 2.6
New Jersey 74 2.1
New Mexico 81 2.2
New York 68 2.4
North Carolina 90 2.8
North Dakota 82 1.8
Ohio 83 2.3
Oklahoma 93 3.4
Oregon 78 2.5
Pennsylvania 82 2.2
Rhode Island 68 2.1
South Carolina 87 2.9
South Dakota 89 2.6
Tennessee 96 3.1
Texas 84 3.0
Utah 87 2.6
Vermont 71 2.1
Virginia 53 2.7
Washington 69 2.4
West Virginia 90 3.0
Wisconsin 76 1.9
Wyoming 67 1.9
* Percentage of respondents ages ≥ 18 years who reported a history of stroke.
Map demonstrating the search volume index (interest level) in the US from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010.
Scatterplot of interest level in the US from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010, and stroke prevalence defined by state/area using the BRFSS, US, 2005 (r = 0.47, p = 0.0005, 2-tailed).
We analyzed a large database of search engine queries to identify searches related to stroke. Previous methods for prevalence analysis, such as survey methods, are time and labor intensive. Based on the previously demonstrated effectiveness of search engine analytics to identify epidemiological data for symptomatic disease, we hypothesized that this tool could be used as a surrogate marker for actual disease prevalence. The Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.47 is moderate but should be interpreted with caution, as outliers can skew data interpretation.1 The state-specific dataset used for comparison is itself estimated and admittedly limited.7
Many states with the highest Internet interest estimates are concentrated in the southeast US, such as Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas. These correspond to the high rates of stroke prevalence previously observed in this region, which has been traditionally called the "stroke belt."4 However, certain states outside of this region, such as Oklahoma, Missouri, and West Virginia, also had Internet interest levels among the highest in the country. This finding correlates with the 2005 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention BRFSS survey and can be explained by geographic differences in risk factors associated with stroke, such as race, obesity, diet, diabetes mellitus, and socioeconomic status. When using Internet interest estimates as surrogate markers for disease prevalence, major geographic disparities continue to exist.
In the same manner that patients with symptoms of the flu use a search engine to investigate their symptoms, stroke symptoms are plausibly entered into search engines at the onset of stroke-like symptoms, transient ischemic attack, or stroke. This can be accomplished by either the patients themselves or, depending on the clinical condition, their representative. Additionally, these search queries may be entered at any time after a stroke and do not necessarily depend on patient survival.
Search engine query data represent self-reported disease history in its purest form; it is generated from the patient or their representative of their own accord and in a private setting. A major limitation of this analysis is the user-generated misinterpretation of symptoms as those of stroke. Many different conditions could masquerade as stroke, falsely increasing the estimated prevalence. Another limitation of this methodology is that Internet access is not uniform and, in particular, may not be readily accessible to persons living in nursing homes, prisons, military bases, or other institutions. Internet use also varies widely by sex, socioeconomic background, and English literacy.6,9 The geographic distribution by state of reported Internet usage for individuals is varied;8 however, our model normalizes for overall search engine traffic.
The heterogeneity of stroke symptoms precludes the analysis of individual query terms. The disease-specific search, related to stroke, was made the core of our model. The identification of these geographic differences provided a metric to evaluate health disparities, allowing for the potential to direct public health programs related to stroke risk-factor prevention and educational measures in disproportionately affected states.
Search engine query data analysis allows for the determination of relative stroke prevalence in the US. Further investigation will reveal the reliability of this metric to determine temporal pattern analysis and prevalence in other symptomatic diseases.
The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper.
Author contributions to the study and manuscript preparation include the following. Conception and design: Walcott. Acquisition of data: Walcott. Analysis and interpretation of data: Walcott, Redjal. Drafting the article: all authors. Critically revising the article: all authors. Reviewed final version of the manuscript and approved it for submission: all authors. Statistical analysis: Walcott, Coumans. Study supervision: Coumans.
1↑
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Cohen J: Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences ed 2Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988)| false
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Ginsberg J, , Mohebbi MH, , Patel RS, , Brammer L, , Smolinski MS, & Brilliant L: Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data. Nature 457:1012–1014, 2009
Ginsberg J, Mohebbi MH, Patel RS, Brammer L, Smolinski MS, Brilliant L: Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data. Nature 457:1012–1014, 2009)| false
Lanska DJ, & Kuller LH: The geography of stroke mortality in the United States and the concept of a stroke belt. Stroke 26:1145–1149, 1995
Lanska DJ, Kuller LH: The geography of stroke mortality in the United States and the concept of a stroke belt. Stroke 26:1145–1149, 1995)| false
Lloyd-Jones D, , Adams RJ, , Brown TM, , Carnethon M, , Dai S, & De Simone G, et al.: Heart disease and stroke statistics—2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 121:e46–e215, 2010. (Erratum in Circulation 121: e260, 2010)
Lloyd-Jones D, Adams RJ, Brown TM, Carnethon M, Dai S, De Simone G, : Heart disease and stroke statistics—2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 121:e46–e215, 2010. (Erratum in Circulation 121: e260, 2010))| false
Neckerman KM: Social Inequality New York, Russell Sage Foundation, 2004
Neckerman KM: Social Inequality New York, Russell Sage Foundation, 2004)| false
Neyer J, , Greenlund K, , Denny C, , Kennan N, , Casper M, & Labarthe D, et al.: Prevalence of stroke—United States, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 56:469–474, 2007
Neyer J, Greenlund K, Denny C, Kennan N, Casper M, Labarthe D, : Prevalence of stroke—United States, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 56:469–474, 2007)| false
US Census Bureau: Internet Use in the United States October 2009. (http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/computer/2009.html) [Accessed March 2, 2011]
US Census Bureau: Internet Use in the United States October2009. (http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/computer/2009.html) [Accessed March 2, 2011])| false
Wasserman IM, & Richmond-Abbott M: Gender and the Internet: causes of variation in access, level, and scope of use. Soc Sci Q 86:252–270, 2005
Wasserman IM, Richmond-Abbott M: Gender and the Internet: causes of variation in access, level, and scope of use. Soc Sci Q 86:252–270, 2005)| false
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search engine; stroke; epidemiology; prevalence; public health
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Article by Brian P. Walcott
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Following Deal to Sell Weather Co. to IBM, Weather Channel Will Continue On Its Own
NEXT:CNBC Prepares for Big Night Before 'Millions of People'
PREVIOUS:Fox Picks Up Beauty Pageants
By Chris Ariens on Oct. 28, 2015 - 9:46 AM
IBM announced this morning it will acquire The Weather Company's digital assets: including mobile and cloud-based web properties, weather.com, Weather Underground and WSI, which provides forecasts to clients from local TV stations, to commodity traders and to government agencies. The Weather Channel is not part of the deal, but will license weather forecast data and analytics from IBM under a long-term contract.
The TV network will continue to operate as a standalone business, says Dave Shull, CEO of the newly-named Weather Channel Television Network.
"The Weather Channel will continue to be owned and supported by our existing shareholders — Bain Capital, Blackstone and NBCUniversal," said Shull in a statement. He continues:
Each month, almost half of all American households tune in to The Weather Channel network for coverage of severe weather, daily forecasts, and the science behind the weather. With our world class weather experts and thousands of localized versions of the network, we are uniquely positioned to provide the world's best storm coverage as a hyper-local streaming service as well. We are continuing to invest in our strategic partnerships with our distributors, advertisers, and emerging technology start-ups.
The Weather Channel operates as a distinct and separate business with its own leadership team, which enables this to be a smooth and seamless transition. We believe a bright future lies ahead for the television business as the most trusted source of weather information.
In anticipation of the split, Shull, a longtime Dish executive joined Weather Co. in May as head of the TV group. David Kenny, CEO of the Weather Company, will join IBM.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Having been driven from my house in Albany, Cape of Good Hope, with great risk of life & loss of property by Caffers, I returned to this Country about two months since after an absence of fifteen years, during which time I had attained to a station of comfort & independence.
This calamity has obliged me to mortgage a small freehold property which I possess in this Country – I left my son fighting against our savage, treacherous enemy with other gallant lads in that Colony – I am now desirous of returning to my former home in Africa and venture to solicit from Your Lordship a passage out in some transport or King's Ship with my Wife, in which priviledge I feel assured will if possible be granted me – Many hundreds of my countrymen less fortunate than myself have been reduced from independence to absolute want & misery & unless something like reparation is made to them the whole district will be thrown back for 50 years & England will lose a good & increasing Custom for her manufacturers.
The missionaries have done much mischief as I believe, with little good – instead of making Christians of the heathens I do not believe they have made one.
The Hottentots are good subjects to the King & generally much attached to the English, of which it is not a slight proof that if any of them come before a jury they invariably reject the Dutchmen as their judges prefer the English Colonists.
I was offered an introduction from Sir Harford JONES-BRYDGES in whose neighbourhood my freehold lies, or I could have had one from mercantile acquaintances.


Some films and TV series fall into categories like comedy or romance. Creative writers don't have any limitations to what they could envision. When we think of"zombie" movies, we typically imagine violence in addition to ugly creatures, but not all zombie films fall into this classification. There are some movies (and series) which aren't quite as scary but that are worthwhile to be mentioned. In"The Returned" (2015), led by Getzinger, Campillo, et al., the city's people don't know exactly what to do if local people thought dead return to their families. This series asks what it would be like if long-lost folks had to re-insert themselves . Another notable series along the very same lines is Australia's"Glitch" (2015), led by Freeman and Krawitz, a story about a policeman who finds that six individuals who look perfectly ordinary have just risen in the local graveyard, one of whom happens to be his eponymous wife. The zombies in"Glitch" are rather outspoken, giving audiences the chance to feel compassion for them. In the French film"They Came Back" (2004), directed by Campillo, tens of thousands of individuals come back from the dead in hopes of reintegrating themselves into French culture, just to learn that it wouldn't be not so straightforward. For anybody who prefers a captivating zombie story-line with likable characters, I'd suggest these three shows where great often triumphs over bad.
Films are traditionally known to help audiences find enjoyment and comfort at the end of the day. Horror films seem quite the contrary, even emotionally upsetting. Moreover, zombie films are often grotesque, so it is reasonable that individuals would be worried about their friends that are admittedly addicted to zombie collection. Perhaps viewers are more interested in the tribal group experience shared with a multicultural cast than they are interested in the terror. Without doubt, people would rather go through the success of the good men who try to save their friends and loved ones.
Adult audiences encounter a metaphorical movie-world that reproduces global instability. Countless zombies that strategy actors in films often signify individual problems to be solved through strategic planning, based upon the situation at hand. Given that a true world of zombies would not be possible, audiences remain aware that a film journeys into the forces of creativity that never meet real life.
1 common thread shared by all these zombie films is the cast of literary protagonists who form their own teams with others and friends they meet along the way to be able to survive. The cast becomes linked together through experiences with scores of mindless zombies. Sometimes, individual characters find that they have to befriend their former enemies to be able to survive together.
What it means to be a household is an important theme in this exceptional twist on the zombie theme.
Multicultural teams throughout zombie movies must welcome new team members of diverse roots since they all share the same targets. It's simply by being a true team which supports diverse members that a team can prevail. Fortunately, these protagonists realize that they share common threads, so they would not have imagined before they struck their challenges. Being a multi-ethnic team which works together regardless of differences is an honorable and ethical predicament depicted again and again by Hollywood in films of all genres.
The protagonists of zombie films generally attempt to do good toward their fellow people. They struggle to rescue their friends, family members, and any human they encounter along their journeys, even if they find needy people along the street. On the other hand, when someone becomes inflicted with the zombie-virus, the protagonists must do what they must to alleviate the victim. However bad the situation gets, these protagonists never stop trying. What's more, the protagonists of zombie films realize how valuable life is, that each and every day could be their last day as a character in the movie. The main characters discover it is their obligation to love life, as it had been before the tragic look of the living dead who multiply all about their fictive barricades. Occasionally, a character leaves the show only because he or she becomes ready to move on to another show or film (possibly, a better chance ) in Wildlife Removal New Smyrna Beach.
In Poe's short story, a devastating outbreak, similar to the zombie pestilence, was depopulating a nation. The community members in the party stayed selfish in"The Masque of the Red Death" while, in contemporary zombie films, the stars of the zombie movies usually rise to the occasion to selflessly fight for their own families and/or groups.
Stories such as"Fear of the Walking Dead" make it clear that individuals are able to team up and work together to attain a frequent cause whatever the color of the skin, irrespective of their age or their ethnicity. Her son Nick, previously a heroin addict, rises to the occasion to assist his loved ones members and others who band together. Furthermore, Madison's daughter Alicia finds her true powers during the long apocalyptic ordeal. Together, they undergo a journey of growth. Furthermore, they find powers inside that they had neither envisioned nor researched when life was easy (before the development from short horror stories by Poe to that of the contemporary apocalyptic zombie series). Regardless of how one feels about zombie films and horror literature, it's important to understand that these forms of expression were never supposed to imitate reality: Maybe, they were created to be able to get audiences to ask additional questions about the world around them.
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The group was unable to secure funding from Australia banks for $2.8 million dollar development.
OSK Holdings executive chairman Tan Sri Ong Leong Huat told The Australian the group had spoken to Australian banks initially, but received a more positive response from foreign banks.
Malaysia's Maybank, ICBC, Bank of China and Standard Chartered have provided the funding with the Employees Provident Fund Malaysia taking a 49 per cent stake.
Earlier this month, Far East Consortium received loans for its West Side Place development in Melbourne from ANZ and international banks ICBC, UOB, Fubon Bank, BEA and BOC.
Tan Sri Ong said he wasn't concerned about an oversupply of inner-city apartments, referring to strong migration to Melbourne from within Australia as well as from overseas.


text:
Covid rates in Suffolk highest in the East of England, ONS data shows
Find out the Covid rate near you
Joanna Taylor
Ian Jones, PA
Southwold, in the Waveney District, has one of the highest rates of Covid in the East of England (Image: Cambridge News)
Most Covid restrictions in the UK have been dropped, but that doesn't mean the virus has gone away. In fact, it is currently more prevalent in Suffolk than anywhere else in the East of England, according to Office for National Statistics (ONS) data.
Across the UK, Covid cases are rising, although death rates remain relatively low. Following a spike in January which dipped back down in February, positive cases have risen again to around 700 in every 100,000 people nationally.
This is higher than the average number of cases in winter last year - but lower than the death rate, which is currently at just one in 100,000, government data shows. The increase in cases follows a relaxation in restrictions, such as the legal requirement to self-isolate.
Read More: COVID-19 rules will change again from next month
Also dropped in February were self-isolation support payments for people with Covid on low incomes and guidance that recommended bi-weekly testing in schools. From April 1, yet more changes are set to take place including access to free tests.
In Suffolk, the highest rates of Covid can be found in the Suffolk Coastal District (Melton, Woodbridge, Felixstowe, Framlingham, Leiston, Aldeburgh, Saxmundham) and the Waveney District (Lowestoft, Beccles, Bungay, Halesworth, Southwold), where rates are currently one in 16. Rates are almost as high, at one in 17, in Babergh, Forest Heath, Ipswich and Mid Suffolk.
To see all of the rates of Covid across Eastern England, see the table below. The figures are based on ONS estimates calculated on the seven days to March 12, 2022 and refer to infections among people in private households.
The estimates are, moreover, based on sample sizes that are smaller than those used for the national and regional figures. This means there is more uncertainty around the figures and caution should be taken when interpreting or ranking them, the ONS said.
The information reads, left to right: name of local authority, percentage of people in private households testing positive for Covid-19 over the seven days to March 12; the estimated ratio of people with Covid-19.
Eastern England
Suffolk Coastal; Waveney 6.28% (1 in 16)
Babergh; Forest Heath; Ipswich; Mid Suffolk; St Edmundsbury; Tendring 5.91% (1 in 17)
Peterborough 5.18% (1 in 19)
Broxbourne; Dacorum; East Hertfordshire; Hertsmere; North Hertfordshire; St Albans; Stevenage; Three Rivers; Watford; Welwyn Hatfield 5.11% (1 in 20)
Braintree; Chelmsford; Colchester; Maldon; Rochford; Southend-on-Sea; Uttlesford 4.93% (1 in 20)
Breckland; Broadland; Great Yarmouth; King's Lynn and West Norfolk; North Norfolk; Norwich; South Norfolk 4.73% (1 in 20)
Basildon; Brentwood; Castle Point; Epping Forest; Harlow; Thurrock 4.36% (1 in 25)
Cambridge; East Cambridgeshire; Fenland; Huntingdonshire; South Cambridgeshire 4.22% (1 in 25)
Bedford; Central Bedfordshire; Luton 3.73% (1 in 25)
The Covid rate in Suffolk is also higher than that in anywhere in the North-east and North-west of England as well as the Midlands and Wales.
Older patients feel 'left behind' by virtual doctor's appointments, ex-GP says
SuffolkLive readers overwhelmingly say they are happy to get fourth vaccine if needed


text:
Arab Social Media Report
The Arab Social Media Report Series is produced by the Dubai School of Government's Governance and Innovation Program. It is a recurring study that explores growth and usage trends of social media in the Arab region, through the analysis of Facebook and Twitter users in all 22 Arab countries, as well as Iran, Israel, and Turkey.[1]
Each issue of the Arab Social Media Report Series highlights a specific theme related to social media, covering diverse topics such as general usage trends, its impact on civil movements, and its role in Arab women's empowerment. It also studies the potential of using Web 2.0 applications for increasing collaboration and knowledge sharing among government entities, citizens, and the private sector.[1]
Its initial focuses included but were not limited to:[2]
Penetration trends of social networking services in the Arab region
Growth rate, including demographic and gender breakdowns
Sociopolitical factors which affect adoption of tools in different Arab countries
Impact on citizen engagement and social inclusion, as well as innovation and entrepreneurship
1 General Usage Trends
2 Editions
2.1 Edition #6: Citizen Engagement and Public Services in the Arab World: The Potential of Social Media (June 2014)
2.2 Edition #5: Transforming Education in the Arab World: Breaking Barriers in the Age of Social Learning (June 2013)
2.3 Edition #4: Social Media in the Arab World: Influencing Societal and Cultural Change? (July 2012)
2.4 Edition #3: Civil Movements: The Impact of Facebook and Twitter (May 2011)
2.5 Edition #2: The Role of Social Media in Arab Women's Empowerment (February 2011)
2.6 Edition #1: Facebook Usage: Factors and Analysis (January 2011)
3 Infographic
General Usage Trends
Facebook Users & Country Population in the Arab World (2011 April 5)[3]
Number of Facebook Users
Facebook Penetration (%)
Number of New Facebook Users
(Since 2011 January 5)
Growth in Facebook users (%)
Algeria 1,947,900 35,953,989 5.42% 560,820 40.43%
Bahrain 302,940 822,510 36.83% 25,480 9.18%
Comoros 9,080 706,622 1.28% 2,800 44.59%
Djibouti 52,660 893,843 5.89% 6,660 14.48%
Egypt 6,586,260 85,950,300 7.66% 1,951,960 42.12%
Iraq 723,740 32,266,577 2.24% 326,600 82.24%
Jordan 1,402,440 6,598,615 21.25% 313,640 21.81%
Kuwait 795,100 3,116,748 25.51% 165,420 26.27%
Lebanon 1,093,420 4,287,610 25.50% 113,940 11.63%
Libya 71,840 6,670,928 1.08% -182,300 -71.73%
Mauritania 61,140 3,440,053 1.78% 22,300 57.42%
Morocco 3,203,440 32,770,852 9.78% 724,500 29.23%
Oman 277,840 2,964,059 9.37% 65,010 30.55%
Palestine 595,120 4,542,824 13.10% 124,720 26.51%
Qatar 481,280 1,571,520 30.63% -30,780 -6.01%
Saudi Arabia 4,092,600 26,777,613 15.28% 845,620 26.04%
Somalia 21,580 9,605,189 0.22% 14,820 219.23%
Sudan 443,623 44,103,535 1.01% 101,780 29.77%
Syria 356,247 23,008,268 1.55% 102,918 40.63%
Tunisia 2,356,520 10,476,355 22.49% 535,640 29.42%
UAE 2,406,120 4,811,345 50.01% 291,480 13.78%
Yemen 340,800 24,943,950 1.37% 161,380 89.95%
Twitter Users & Country Population in the Arab World (2011 January 1 to 2011 March 30)[4] All numbers and data are averaged between the dates of 2011 January 1 to 2011 March 30. (* 2011 populations, from United Nations ILO Department of Statistics)
Number of Twitter Users
Population *
Twitter Penetration (%)
Estimated Twitter Volume
(Cumulative)
Estimated Number of Daily Tweets
Significant Events
Algeria 13,235 35,953,989 0.04% 252,000 2,800
Bahrain 61,896 822,510 7.53% 1,350,000 15,000 February 14th protests[5]
Comoros 834 706,622 0.12% 10,800 120
Djibouti 4,046 893,843 0.45% 61,200 680
Egypt 131,204 85,950,300 0.15% 2,160,000 24,000 President Mubarak leaves office in February 2011; Tunisia has January 14th protests
Iraq 21,625 32,266,577 0.07% 342,000 3,800
Jordan 55,859 6,598,615 0.85% 639,000 7,100
Kuwait 113,428 3,116,748 3.63% 3,690,000 41,000
Lebanon 79,163 4,287,610 1.85% 990,000 11,000
Libya 63,919 6,670,928 0.96% 1,890,000 21,000
Mauritania 1,407 3,440,053 0.04% 10,800 120
Morocco 17,384 32,770,852 0.05% 252,000 2,800
Oman 6,679 2,964,059 0.23% 81,900 910
Palestine 11,369 4,542,824 0.25% 639,000 7,100
Qatar 133,209 1,571,520 8.46% 3,060,000 34,000
Saudi Arabia 115,084 26,777,613 0.43% 2,250,000 25,000 March 11th protests and the lead-up to its March 20th protests
Somalia 4,244 9,605,189 0.04% 79,200 880
Sudan 9,459 44,103,535 0.02% 89,100 990
Syria 40,020 23,008,268 0.17% 783,000 8,700 Failed call to protest in Syria on February 4
Tunisia 35,746 10,476,355 0.34% 576,000 6,400 January 14th protests; new prime minister appointed on February 27th
UAE 201,060 4,811,345 4.18% 2,790,000 31,000
Yemen 29,422 24,943,950 0.12% 729,000 8,100
Edition #6: Citizen Engagement and Public Services in the Arab World: The Potential of Social Media (June 2014)
Aimed to focus on the impact of social media use on citizen engagement and public service delivery in the Arab region".[6]
Edition #5: Transforming Education in the Arab World: Breaking Barriers in the Age of Social Learning (June 2013)
Analyzes patterns, demographic breakdowns, and usage trends of social media platforms in the Arab region, as well as assesses the impact of social media on education and life-long learning in the region.[7]
Edition #4: Social Media in the Arab World: Influencing Societal and Cultural Change? (July 2012)
Assessed the shift in regional trends, wherein the societal impact of social media usage changed from "if" to "how", "why", and "what's next". Findings addressed the impact of social media on freedom of expression and media consumption behaviors, to its empowerment of youth and women, and its role in popular civic movements. Analyzed Facebook and Twitter, as in previous studies, and added LinkedIn.[8]
Edition #3: Civil Movements: The Impact of Facebook and Twitter (May 2011)
"Civil Movements: The Impact of Facebook and Twitter" by Dubai School of Government - Governance and Innovation Orogram is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Co-authored by Racha Mourtada and Fadi Salem.
The number of Facebook users in the Arab world increased by 30% in the first quarter of 2011.[4]
General Facebook Uptake:
The number of Facebook users has risen significantly in most Arab countries, most notably so in the countries where protests have taken place.[4]
Facebook Uptake During Protests:
Countries where protests occurred all showed a notable positive growth rates -- between double and triple -- when months preceding and following 2011 protests were compared with the same months in 2010. The only exception was Libya, which experienced a 10% growth rate in 2010 but a 76% drop in 2010, which can likely be explained by a number of expat workers leaving or switching Facebook locations. Egypt constitutes about a quarter of total Facebook users in the Arab region, and close to 2 million new Facebook users between January 5 and April 5, 2011 -- which was more than any Arab country, and coincided with the country's civil movements.[4][9]
Social Media & Movements (Facebook)
Facebook pages were likely not the defining or only factor in mobilizing protests, but were certainly a factor. This varied in different countries; in countries like Syria and Yemen, with relatively low Facebook penetration, it can be argued that Facebook's role was not central -- but it may have been a tool for a core number of activists who were able to mobilize through the internet, in addition to using real-life networks. Many of the calls to protest in the Arab region were initially made on Facebook (save for the first protest in Tunisia). The illustration at right indicates countries where a Facebook page's call to protest on a given date was made, and whether or not the protests were subsequently manifested in the streets. In all cases but one -- the initial failed call to protest in Syria on February 4 -- this has proven true.[4]
Social Media & Movements (Twitter)
A direct correlation exists between sociopolitical activities and an increase in Twitter usage. The volume of daily tweets increased in the following countries and circumstances:
Bahrain - During its February 14th protests
Egypt - During Tunisia's January 14th protests and President Mubarak leaving office in February 2011
Saudi Arabia - During its March 11th protests and the lead-up to its March 20th protests
Tunisia - During its January 14th protests and when a new prime minister was appointed on February 27th[4]
Facebook Usage During Civil Movements in Tunisia and Egypt (Similarities)
In both countries, Facebook users were of the opinion that Facebook had been used primarily to raise awareness within their countries about the ongoing civil movements (31% in both Tunisia and Egypt), spread6 information to the world about the movements (33% and 24% in Tunisia and Egypt respectively), and organize activists and actions (22% and 30% in Tunisia and Egypt respectively). Less than 15% in either country believed Facebook was primarily being used for entertainment or social reasons. Almost 60% of Facebook users in each country felt that the main impact of blocking the Internet was a positive one for the social movements. In both countries, social media was the prime source for information on civil events and movements, with local media trailing by a fairly large margin. The least reliable source of data for respondents from both countries was state-sponsored media.[4]
Facebook Usage During Civil Movements in Tunisia and Egypt (Differences)
Primary languages used to communicate via Facebook differed between Tunisia and Egypt; 75% of Eyptian users communicated in Arabic while only 51% of Tunisian users did; the remainder of Egyptians communicated using English while most of the remaining Tunisians communicated in French -- with a very small minority (less than 1%) communicating in English. Another major difference was that in Egypt, respondents were more likely to vote for a candidate who used social media (71% as opposed to Tunisia's 48%), while Tunisian respondents were more likely to view a candidate using social media as negative (16% versus Egypt's 6%) or as having no impact (36% versus Egypt's 22%).[4]
Twitter Usage:
Within the countries study, the most Twitter users are in Turkey, followed by UAE, Qatar, and Egypt. The fewest Twitter users reside in Comoros, Mauritania, Djibouti, and Somalia. The most popular trending hashtags across the Arab region in the first quarter of 2011 were:[4]
#egypt - 1.4 million mentions
#jan25 - 1.2. million mentions
#libya - 990,000 mentions
#bahrain - 640,000 mentions
protest - 620,000 mentions (not a hashtag)
Edition #2: The Role of Social Media in Arab Women's Empowerment (February 2011)
Focused on the role of social media in Arab women's empowerment, conducted as a collaborative effort between the Governance and Innovation Program and the Gender and Public Policy Program at the Dubai School of Government. It addressed the following main questions:[8]
What are the factors contributing to the low level of social media use among Arab women, as compared to men's usage and to the global female average?
Do Arab women perceive social media as useful to their needs?
What are the usage trends?
Can social media potentially increase women's civic participation in the Arab world and contribute to their political and economic empowerment?
Edition #1: Facebook Usage: Factors and Analysis (January 2011)
This report analyzed data on Facebook users in 22 Arab countries, plus Iran and Israel. Many of the more detailed demographic breakdowns of the study, including those related to age and gender, exclude Syria and Sudan, due to US technology sanctions.
"Facebook Usage: Factors and Analysis" by Dubai School of Government - Governance and Innovation Orogram is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Co-authored by Racha Mourtada and Fadi Salem.[2][3]
Annual Growth Rate
Between January 2010 to December 2010, the number of Facebook users rose from 11,978,300 to 21,361,863 -- a 78% annual growth rate. With around 4.7 million Facebook users, Egypt constitutes about 22% of total users in the region.[3]
Facebook Penetration
The UAE is the top Arab country in terms of Facebook penetration to percentage of the population (at 45%), as well as among the top 10 in the world, alongside countries like Iceland (#1), Hong Kong (#2), US (#8), and Australia (#10). A larger view of the 22 countries studied put Israel just behind the UAE with 43% penetration, followed by Bahrain and Qatar at about 34%. Lebanon and Kuwait followed at 23% and 21% respectively, and Somalia and Iran ranked lowest at merely 0.08% and 0.17%, respectively. By the end of 2010, the country average for Facebook user penetration in the Arab region was 5.94%.[3]
Youth between the ages of 15 and 29 make up 75% of Facebook users in the Arab region, and more generally, comprise around one-third of the region's internet population. The UAE is the most balanced in terms of adult and youth Facebook users, with 45% of users over 30 and 55% between 15 and 29. Qatar and Kuwait follow with similar numbers, while countries like Somalia, Palestine, and Morocco rank lowest, at around 16% over 30 and 84% between 15 and 29.[3]
Gender Breakdown
An average male to female ratio of 2:1, compared to almost 1:1 globally. Lebanon is the most gender-balanced of the Arab countries, at 45% female to 55% male users, followed closely by Bahrain, Jordan and Tunisia, while at the other end of the spectrum, Facebook users in Somalia and Yemen are overwhelmingly male, at 15% female and 85% male in Somalia, and 19% female and 81% male in Yemen.[3]
Social Media Uptake & Political Events
There is a direct correlation between political events and the uptake of social media. During the civil movements in Tunisia and Egypt during December 2010 and January 2011, the proportion of Tunisian citizens connected through Facebook increased by 8% during the first two weeks of January, and the usage shifted from being merely social in nature to becoming primarily political. From 2010 December 20 to 2011 January 5, the number of Facebook users remained unchanged, holding at 1,820,880; between 2011 January 5 and 2011 January 17, the number of users increased from 1,820,880 to 1,970,200.[3]
Factors That Influence Uptake
The study analyzed the different Arab countries by way of the following factors and discovered:[3]
Digital Access Index (DAI): Developed by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a composite representing the overall ability of individuals in a country to access and use new ICTs, on a scale from 0-1; a correlation exists with Facebook penetration for countries with high DAI, but less so for countries with medium DAI, indicating that other factors are influential.
Internet penetration: High internet penetration does not necessarily correlate with high Facebook penetration; a few Arab countries such as Djibouti and Iraq even have more Facebook users than Internet users, indicating that many Facebook users in these countries rely on mobile access.
Income (FDP per capita): Correlations between income and Facebook penetration at either end of the spectrum (i.e., countries with either very high or very low Facebook penetration), but less so for countries with a medium rate of Facebook penetration.
Internet freedom: Counter-intuitively, filtering does not seem to correlate with Facebook penetration. Some countries with lower scores (i.e., more pervasive filtering) have relatively high Facebook penetration (Figure 18). In fact, the top three Arab countries in terms of Facebook penetration (UAE, Bahrain and Qatar) have the lowest Internet Freedom rankings.
Global Gender Gap Index: Developed by the World Economic Forum to benchmark national gender gaps on economic, political, education- and health- based criteria; no correlation, as the Global Gender Gap Index amongst the countries studied is relatively consistent but the Facebook uptake demographics are not.
Human Development Index (HDI): Developed by the UNDP to measure countries' progress across the three dimensions of life expectancy, education and GDP per capita; correlates with Facebook penetration rates, though with exceptions, as countries with high Facebook penetration rates also have high HDI, but not all countries with high HDI necessarily have high Facebook penetration rates (e.g., Saudi Arabia and Libya).
↑ 1.0 1.1 Arab Social Media Report, ArabSocialMediaReport.com. Retrieved 2015 December 21.
↑ 2.0 2.1 Arab Social Media Report: The Role of Social Media in Arab Women's Empowerment, MBRSG.ae. Published 2011 January. Retrieved 2015 December 21.
↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 [http://www.arabsocialmediareport.com/UserManagement/PDF/ASMR%20Report%201.pdf Facebook Usage: Factors and Analysis], ArabSocialMediaReport.com. Retrieved 2015 December 29.
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Civil Movements: The Impact of Facebook and Twitter, ArabSocialMediaReport.com. Retrieved 2015 December 29.
↑ Protests mark fourth anniversary of Bahrain uprising, Aljazeera.com. Published 2015 February 14. Retrieved 2015 December 30.
↑ The Arab Social Media Report- Edition #6, MBRSG.ae. Published June 2014. Retrieved 2015 December 21.
↑ Transforming Education in the Arab World: Breaking Barriers in the Age of Social Learning, MBRSG.ae. Published 2013 June. Retrieved December 22.
↑ 8.0 8.1 The Arab Social Media Report-Edition #4, MBRSG.ae. Published 2012 July. Retrieved 2015 December 21. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "edition4" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Expats flee chaotic Libya en masse, Aljazeera.com. Published 2011 February 27. Retrieved 2015 December 29.
Arab Social Media Report, ArabSocialMediaReport.com.
Retrieved from "https://icannwiki.org/index.php?title=Arab_Social_Media_Report&oldid=114863"


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The way we design transport is not equal for disabled
06/10/2020 in Universal access
2 people found this useful
For the roughly one-in-five in the UK who are disabled, day-to-day travel is a greater challenge than for the able-bodied, reports Laura Laker
The UK Government's Inclusive Mobility Strategy sets out an ambition that people with disabilities have the same access to transport as everyone else, able to travel confidently, easily and without extra cost.
It envisions a transport system with equal access for disabled people by 2030, with future transport technologies and services designed inclusively.
For Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson, British Paralympian, disability campaigner and House of Lords peer, it's the latest in a long line of unfulfilled promises.
She says: "In the mid-1990s, I sat on the Disability Council for the Disability Discrimination Act. We were promised in 2020 would be accessible, and back then it seemed a long way off."
Although some progress has been made, for wheelchair users it is far too little.
"We are nowhere near step free", says Grey-Thompson. "It's still way too complicated for disabled people to travel.
"Successive Governments have pushed it into the long grass."
In a legal and ethical analysis of transport for people with disabilities, report authors Heather Bradshaw-Martin and Catherine Easton say "lack of adequate independent transport excludes people from employment, social life, education and access to medical care", with "significant negative social, health and economic impacts, especially for older people".
They found transport problems the major reason disabled people were unable to gain employment, or keep a job.
Almost every element of our transport network is problematic, including how services are administered.
Missing links in provision mean people don't take the trips they need to conduct a normal, fulfilling life.
For people with disabilities, going to the shops, to work, getting on a bus, crossing a road are still fraught with stress and frustration and, in the worst cases, a risk of injury.
Government recognises the economic cost.
The Inclusive Mobility Strategy sets out the aim that a million more disabled people are in work by 2027, citing the already £249 billion spending power of households with a disabled person in them.
In 2012, 46.3% of disabled people of working age were in employment compared with 76.4% of those without disabilities.
Disabilities are as unique as human beings themselves, and individuals may be impacted by similar conditions in different ways.
Kay Inckle, a disability researcher, says: "There are massive transport barriers for people with physical disabilities, including trains and buses which, although they are branded accessible, in practice they aren't. There is a lack of joined-up thinking in transport policy."
Inckle says perceptions of disabled people are often stereotyped and limited.
"Disabled people are also only ever considered in the same group as older people, never as commuters, parents, students etc. and this creates policy and infrastructure which excludes and limits disabled people and does not meet our needs."
Infrastructure and policies created on the assumption disabled people are dependent on others, and don't travel alone, builds in dependence, campaigners say, resulting in infrastructure and equipment that cannot easily be used by a lone disabled traveller.
This includes heavy wheelchairs, tactile paving that stops wheelchairs dead and meanwhile a lack of joined up thinking creates end-to-end journeys with missing links, meaning disabled people can't make trips, such as new accessible buses serving neighbourhoods without drop kerbs, or new accessible trains serving stations that aren't step free.
Read Laura Laker's full article on physical disability and travel from Smart Transport Journal
Author: Laura Laker Laura Laker
Laura Laker is a freelance journalist with 10 years' experience writing on cycling, active travel and, more recently, micromobility, for national and specialist titles. She is also working with the University of Westminster's Active Travel Academy – a new mobility think tank.
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2 for 1 pizza every night and live music on Wednesday, Chabola is a fun place to go to for hanging out and enjoying drinks with friends.
If you like American style pizza, Ceiba is your go to. Every pizza and plate comes stacked full of ingredients.


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Canada ban on asbestos takes effect but mining residues are exempt
Environment Minister Catherine McKenna plans to announce the new regulations implementing the ban on Thursday in Ottawa
Oct. 17, 2018 11:10 a.m.
Canada's ban on the import, sale and use of asbestos will not prevent companies in Quebec from sifting through the waste left over from decades of mining asbestos to look for magnesium.
Environment Minister Catherine McKenna plans to announce the new regulations implementing the ban on Thursday in Ottawa, but cabinet gave the nod of approval to them at the end of September.
Kathleen Ruff, an expert on asbestos, says it is disappointing Ottawa is allowing an exemption from the ban for mining residues because those tailings contain as much as 40 per cent asbestos fibres which are known to cause cancer and other lung diseases.
At least one company is working on a project to extract magnesium from the absestos tailings largely for use in car parts and pressure moulds.
Canada agreed to ban asbestos in 2016, after years of pressure from health experts and former workers and their families, but Canada continued to argue it was safe if used with proper precautions.
In 2016, at least 510 Canadians died of mesothelioma, an asbestos-linked lung cancer, but that number doesn't include deaths in Quebec, which stopped reporting its asbestos-related disease rates in 2010.
County of Wetaskiwin changes speed curves project
Britain, EU decide to take some time in getting Brexit right
The prime minister took aim at his conservative opponents in his remarks
Maskwacis RCMP is asking for public assistance to locate 15 year-old Alicia…


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Illinois Casinos
Illinois Bingo
Illinois Cannabis
Illinois Places
Illinois Tribes
No Federally Recognized Tribes
Illinois got its name from a confederation of tribes known as the Illini. They originally inhabited areas in the present day State of Illinois, on both sides of the Mississippi and south to the Arkansas River. The name Illinois is the French version of the name that these people gave to themselves, Illiniwek, which means 'men' or 'people.'
At the time of the arrival of the white man around 1600 there were as many as sixty Illini villages. The numbers of Illini reported by the French in the mid 1650's varied considerably from 2,000 to as many as 20,000 due to constant migrating by many bands. Scholars estimate about 12,000.
The tribe population declined due to the Beaver Wars and epidemics introduced by the Europeans. By 1768 there were only about 1,800 Illini. When this band was attacked by tribal enemies that number was further reduced to 600. By 1854, there were just 84 left. At this time they united with the Wea and Piankashaw and became the United Peoria Tribe.
Today the remant of the Ilini can be found among the Peoria Nation of about 2,000 people living on their Oklahoma reservation.
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One Person Sustained Moderate Injuries After Vehicle Drives off Bridge on Soledad Canyon Road
Katharine Lotze/The Signal (File photo). A vehicle drove over the side of a bridge on Soledad Canyon Road near Agua Dulce Canyon Road early Thursday morning. Los Angeles County Fire units arrived at 8:37 a.m. to find a vehicle in the Santa Clara River bed. "A vehicle drove over a bridge down about...
Coroner Identifies Woman Killed in State Route 14 Fatality
Medical examiners with the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office identified Murdewiyanti Finn, 48, of Lancaster, as the woman killed in a traffic collision on Highway 14 in Newhall Sunday evening. California Highway Patrol officers first responded to the two-vehicle crash on northbound Highway 14 around...
SCV Community Mourns 2 Teens Killed in Car Crash
Monday, Nov 25, 2019
The Santa Clarita Valley community has begun to reach out by sharing words, time and resources with the families of two SCV teens who died in a car crash Wednesday. Both Sebastien "Bash" Gallegos, 18, of Castaic, and Eugene Oh, 18, of Valencia, were killed in Granada Hills Wednesday afternoon after...
Four-Vehicle Pile Up on State Route 14 Causes Injuries
Thursday, Apr 18, 2019
Close to a dozen people were hurt including four who were taken to the hospital following a four-vehicle pileup in the northbound lanes of Highway 14 near Via Princessa shortly after midnight. The multi-vehicle traffic collision happened about 15 minutes after midnight into Thursday when one of the vehicles...
Driver with Six Children in Vehicle Arrested, Booked on DUI After Collision
Santa Clarita Valley Sheriff's deputies responded to a two car collision that occurred on Sierra Highway and Placerita Canyon Road at approximately 4:20 p.m. Sunday. "Through their investigation the driver of one of the vehicles was given a breath alcohol test and he blew over the legal limit,"...
Santa Clarita Man Identified in Deadly Saugus Crash
Thursday, Jul 5, 2018
Photo from Andrew Straughan's social media account. Santa Clarita Valley Sheriff's deputies responded to a crash on Bouquet Canyon Road at 9:25 p.m. Wednesday night that left one person dead and injured several others. "The driver was changing lanes, when his vehicle struck another...
Two Injured in Rollover Car Crash off Golden Valley Road
Two people were injured in a single car roll-over crash Friday afternoon off of Golden Valley Road. The vehicle was traveling Northbound around 12:50 p.m. when a female driver took a drastic turn near Los Angeles County Fire Station 150, injuring her and a male passenger, according to Lt. Leo Bauer. The...
Deputies Investigating Hit-and-Run; Man With Gun
Tuesday, Aug 15, 2017
A man with a gun ran from the scene of a car slammed into a utility box Tuesday afternoon, near Wendy's on Bouquet Canyon Road, according to Sheriff's Station officials. Read complete story [here].
Submit Names Now for Youth Grove Evening of Remembrance
The city of Santa Clarita is now accepting names of youth ages 24 and younger who lost their lives in traffic-related incidents for inclusion in the annual Youth Grove Evening of Remembrance. The event will be hosted at 7:15 p.m. on Wednesday, September 6, 2017, at the Youth Grove at Central Park, located...
Widow Sues Driver's Estate Over Bouquet Canyon Corvette Crash
An Agoura Hills woman who lost her husband in a fiery Corvette crash in Santa Clarita last April is now suing the estate of the driver's family for negligence. Gayle Silva, 62, who lost her 69-year-old husband Ray Silva when the car he was riding in crashed into a tree, filed a lawsuit against...


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LETTER: Only way to make Chesterfield a boom town is to re-build from within
Published: 18:30 Saturday 17 October 2015
The Derbyshire Times's 'Boom Town' headline last week was received with great scepticism in many circles. There is a view among many that the town is in danger of being saddled with developments that do not reflect the needs of the town and its people by a council that relies on developers for ideas, rather than providing the real leadership that is needed to regenerate.
The first issue to address is that of the Waterside development, that big old white elephant waiting since 2009 to happen between the old Trebor and Arnold Laver sites. This scheme, conceived in a different time and financial climate should be re-thought before it is too late.
How many people are aware that this scheme promises two new hotels and 30,000 sq metres of retail space? That is in addition to the hotel promised in the Northern Gateway scheme and a possible fourth hotel for the Co-op Elder Way building.
All this when we have just lost one hotel through lack of business and the Peak Resort (ahem ...) will open new hotel capacity in Unstone. Who in Chesterfield is aware that 30,000 sqm of new retail space is planned for Waterside when not one square metre of space has been let out in the 9,000 sq m Elder Way premises and many town centre shops lie empty?
All this at a time when the Tesco mega-store has just succumbed to franchising 20 per cent of its store area to high street retailers.
This scheme is surely madness. Details of this maniac project are available at chesterfieldwaterside.com - a website that hasn't been substantially updated since 2010 - hardly inspiring confidence in the chosen developer.
The Basin Square area should be offered to Chesterfield and Derby Colleges and the rest of Waterside should be turned into a commercial corridor - allowing businesses like Buildbase, Jewsons, Allen and Orr to re-locate thereby facilitating those elements of the masterplan that focus on residential development in the immediate town centre.
As for the Northern Gateway scheme, after a false start we are promised a re-vamp, to include an additional new cinema complex - just as UK cinema admissions have peaked and are starting to downturn. Not to mention some unspecified leisure facility ... just as the council are about to open their brand new and badly sited leisure centre in the Queen's Park annexe. Oh, and there's a new gym planned for the Co-op building as well. Enough said.
The recently published masterplan had some excellent schemes and suggestions that would make an impact on the viability of the town if they were implemented.
These comprise mainly schemes for new houses and apartments. I have said it before and will say it again, we need to re-populate the town centre to re-generate it. Those 1,200 houses and apartments planned for Waterside will only add to the congestion at either end of the by-pass, better to engage with developers to build them around the town centre itself. Chesterfield borough councillors need to lose their addiction to grand projects on the periphery and rebuild the town from the centre outwards. Renewed prosperity will surely follow.
Dave Walsh
SEEING RED: Let's face it, this rain is payback for last year's heatwave
Person dies in crash in Derbyshire
This is why there were three police vans- and lots of officers- in Hasland today
Shocking pictures expose the worst parking offenders in Chesterfield from this month
Tributes paid to adored young Chesterfield mum who died after brave battle with cystic fibrosis
Police launch murder investigation after Chesterfield attack victim dies


I was reading an interesting article recently that got me thinking about HOW people actually use public hotspots. Many people are familiar with how to use and connect to a public WiFi network and it is a resources that most find very useful. While it's easy to assume that the connection is safe, how often do we really consider where that signal is coming from and who is really providing it and why?
The havoc wrought by Hurricane Sandy was nothing that could have been prepared for by the telecom industries. Cell towers were knocked out which made reaching family and friends via phone calls, texts or internet more than difficult. Lack of electricity made DSL and Cable modems inoperable. But for those places that did have electricity WiFi became a lifeline and was finally recognized as the commodity that it has become.
As many iPad and iPhone users have discovered, there are a number of WiFi issues with IOS 6. Sadly, even more are being reported while the ones discovered early on have not yet been fixed. Frustrated users should be aware that due to these issues their carrier bills my go up significantly and sessions at public WiFi Hotspots may be less than satisfying.
Many companies use traditional media to reach their audience. TV, Radio, print and even direct mail marketing. A big portion of their marketing budget is dedicated to these mediums, and then afterwards, they use social media. We've seen a disconnect in the fact that sometimes they have what appears to be two separate marketing campaigns. They have one campaign for traditional media and then one for Social media. This type of duality is inconsistent especially since there will always be crossovers in the audience. A better strategy may be to communicate Super Bowl style.
Every now and then I am asked by friends and potential clients about the impact of 3G smartphones and mobile broadband cards on WiFi Hotspots. There is the perception that with the persistent growth of people accessing the internet over mobile broadband that WiFi Hotspots will be used less and less. That perception could not be more wrong. In fact AT&Ts latest usage statistics show explosive growth in Hotspot usage.


After two years and five months (and so many visits to the orthodontist that I can't even count them!) the day finally arrived for Hayley to get her braces off! To say that she was excited was a little bit of an understatement!
One last photo of Hayley just before her appointment with her braces on.
Dr. Kashner (love him!) just finished removing her braces.
One pretty, happy girl with pretty, straight teeth!
I had taken this photo the night before her appointment. Last picture of both kids with metal mouths!
After checking the weather forecast for the week of the kids' Spring Break we decided to head up to the Skagit Valley Tulip Festival on the Monday. It was a beautiful day for the drive and to check out all of gorgeous scenery. Unfortunately, I didn't check the website prior to driving up so I didn't realize that most of the tulips weren't in bloom yet (we were about a week and a half early), but all of the daffodil fields were in bloom. We were told to head to a couple of local farms that are geared for tourists because they force some of their tulips earlier, so we still got to see plenty of beauties and we had a great day. We hadn't been since Luke was one!
Luke wanted a photo in front of his favorite color. These were 'Emporor' tulips.
I loved the way these guys were peeking through this fence.


The Christian attitude in apologetic work consists in three things. The first is to have confidence in God and his truth. We're not nervous, and God's not nervous either. You can ask him any question. The only thing that's required with God is that we be honest. You can't fool him anyway. I've heard people say that you should never ask God for the same thing twice, because that proves that you didn't believe in him the first time—as if he didn't know until you asked him the second time! You need to have confidence in God. He is firmly on his throne, and Satan can't do anything about it. Nobody can.
I have heard a great deal of preaching against Universalists, that did more hurt than good, because the preachers didn't understand how Universalists of the present day reason. . . . When ministers undertake to oppose a present heresy, they ought to know what it is at present. . . . It is of no use to misrepresent a man's doctrines to his face, and then try to reason him out of them. . . . He will say: "That man cannot argue with me on fair grounds; he has to misrepresent our doctrines in order to confute me." Great hurt is done in this way. Ministers do not intend to misrepresent their opponents; but the effect of it is, that the poor miserable creatures who hold these errors go to hell because ministers do not take care to inform themselves what are their real errors. . . . I mention these cases to show how much wisdom a minister must have to meet the cases that occur.
But that's exactly what goes on. We are to be generous, we're to be open, and we are here to learn together. We haven't learned everything yet—we're here to learn and for that we need humility. And, third, we are to have a true desire to lovingly serve. We all want to serve. Remember that Christianity is the only religion based on love. What other religion has a John 3:16? So apologetics is really about helping people.
From The Allure of Gentleness: Defending the Faith in the Manner of Jesus. Copyright © 2015 by Dallas Willard. All rights reserved. Used with permission of HarperCollins Publishers.


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Paris Opera Ballet – La Fille mal Gardee – Paris
By Rachel Mann on July 19, 2012 in Reviews · 0 Comments
Myriam Ould-Braham and Josua Hoffalt in La Fille mal Gardée.
© Julien Benhamou. (Click image for larger version)
Paris Opera Ballet
Paris, Palais Garnier
www.operadeparis.fr
It's hard to imagine people walking out of the theatre after seeing La Fille mal Gardée without smiles on their faces. As performed by the Paris Opéra Ballet, Fille is a delight from the beginning of the overture through to the last curtain call by way of chickens, clogging and most of all crisp, eloquent, choreography.
Central to the enjoyment are the legendary Osbert Lancaster designs in bright and enchantingly vivid colours — in such a happy ballet, it can't be a coincidence so many characters end up wearing bright yellow. The costumes and his impeccably detailed sets take us, convincingly, from Lise's courtyard, through the French countryside, into the harvest fields, and home to the Widow's. The music, beautifully played by the Paris Opera orchestra, was buoyant, and the corps uniformly excellent. I had the sense everyone involved in the production was happy to be there.
Muriel Zusperreguy in La Fille mal Gardée.
As Lise, Muriel Zusperreguy was strong, and saucy, unafraid to go after what she wanted. When she pulled her mother's cap over her face, she did so with a vengeance; she attacked her steps with vigour and seemed strong and secure throughout. Both her first act pas de deux with Colas, with their tricky ribbon work, were no problem for her. She sailed through the mime in act two, convincing everyone of her daydream: having a family of her own.
Florian Magnenet seemed very comfortable in the character of Colas, attractive, charismatic, and believable in his love for Lise. While he struggled with his turns at the end of the ballet, he showed off his long legs beautifully in his act one solos. Magnenet also displayed excellent comic timing, emerging from the stack of hay bales at exactly the right moment, surprising Zusperreguy's Lise, and made convincing fun of attempting to hide when the Widow Simone returned home.
Florian Magnenet in La Fille mal Gardée.
Zusperreguy and Magnenet seemed genuinely attached. Their secure partnership was particularly evident in the short scene when Colas, locked out of the Widow's home, reaches through a high window to partner Lise down below. Even separated by her mother, they're able to dance together, completing turns, lifts, and promenades… and sneaking kisses.
A highlight in any production must be the clog dance, led here with great alacrity by Aurélien Houette as the Widow. Houette slipped and slid, full of pleasure at being the centre of attention, and seemed reluctant to relinquish it for the rest of the ballet. As Alain, Allister Madin was heartbreakingly serious, valiant and awkward in his attempts to partner Lise. He made small moments, such as the one when he removes the wedding ring from his finger in act two, full of pathos. He was the awkward boy everyone makes fun of and nobody likes—it was a good thing he had a father who loved him (Alexandre Carniato) and made even stroking his son's hair into a set-piece of hilarious timing.
Earlier in the run, I saw another marvellous cast. Simon Valastro, as Alain, was completely committed and broadly funny, trying his best to steal the show. That's hard to do, though, when Myriam Ould-Braham and Josua Hoffalt play Lise and Colas: the roles fit them like second skins. Ould-Braham had just been made étoile (check out the video above and this official and nicely longer video on the Paris Opera website) and her performance seemed, to me, buoyed by an extra layer of joy and happiness. Hoffalt was completely at ease in both technique and characterization. When they celebrated their wedding onstage, the audience went crazy.
Yet while Fille's final scene is a wonderful, uplifting celebration of Lise and Colas's love, it's got one terrible aspect: seeing it means the ballet is about to end. And who wants that? Even though it shows us a rainstorm, Fille is full of sunshine and delight.
Tags: Alexandre Carniato, Allister Madin, Aurelien Houette, Florian Magnenet, Josua Hoffalt, La Fille Mal Gardee, Muriel Zusperreguy, Myriam Ould-Braham, Osbert Lancaster, Palais Garnier, Paris, Paris Opera Ballet, Simon Valastro
Previous Post Royal Ballet Announces Guest Artists For 2012/13 Season - Osipova, Rojo, Acosta, Polunin Next Post Royal Ballet - Titian 2012: Machina, Trespass, Diana & Actaeon - London
Paris Opera Ballet – Manon – Paris
Paris Opera Ballet – La Bayadère – Paris
Russian Ballet Icons – Anna Pavlova Gala – London
Rachel Mann originally studied ballet and dance at the University of Utah before switching from performance to academics. She received a doctorate writing about the connections between nineteenth-century ballets and novels. She is currently a freelance writer/editor living in Paris where she continues to see much dance and is now starting to write for DanceTabs.
Paris Opera Ballet School – Spectacle Ecole de Danse bill – Paris


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Samsung Galaxy M20 introduces ultra-wide angle camera in the affordable segment
By Sponsored | Published on Mar 01 2019
The Samsung Galaxy M20 is a bold move by the Korean giant — a bold move to make itself not only competitive in the affordable smartphone segment, but also unique and special in many ways.
In addition to the attractive price tag, the Samsung Galaxy M20 brings a lot of firsts to the Samsung lineup, with each new feature thoughtfully integrated to enhance the functionality of the device. Samsung has not just put efforts on the hardware side but also paid close attention to the software-driven user experience. Let's take a closer look at why the Samsung M20 makes a bold statement in the affordable smartphone segment.
1) Ultra-wide angle camera in the affordable segment: A feature once reserved for premium flagships, the ultra-wide angle camera on the M20 is a welcome feature in the affordable segment, especially when most cameras in this segment use the secondary camera to add depth, which only comes in play during shooting portraits. The ultra-wide mode surely does offer higher use cases in terms of occasions when the wider frame coverage comes handy in capturing more area in comparison to the standard camera.
2) Massive 5000 mAh battery in a slim form factor: The first Samsung phone to slip-in a massive 5000mAh battery pack, the M20 is clearly aimed at heavy users wanting a full day of unperturbed battery life. The fact that the massive battery pack doesn't really impact the form factor in a big way, comes as a pleasant surprise as well.
3) Lockscreen Stories: When it comes to software and user experience, the Samsung M20 has a rather nifty feature integrated right into the lockscreen! The lockscreen UI displays articles, news and beautiful wallpapers right from the get-go, no launching apps or swiping across screens. The feature is known as Lockscreen Stories and is provided by Samsung's content partner Glance. What makes this feature even more appealing is the availability of information in Hindi and Tamil languages. You can easily personalize Lockscreen Stories by going into settings and choosing from multiple categories. This feature by Glance is also present on many Xiaomi smartphones.
4) Uses brand new Samsung Exynos chipset: The Samsung Galaxy M20 is also notable for introducing a new mid-tier Exynos chipset. The Exynos 7904 SoC that powers the phone is based on a 14nm process and has eight cores - two Cortex A73 cores clocked at 1.8GHz for performance-intensive tasks and six Cortex A53 cores clocked at 1.6GHz for high-efficiency. To manage graphics, the M20 runs on a Mali-G71 MP2, a dual-core graphics processor.
5) First Samsung phone to use Infinity V display (pearl drop display design): The Samsung Galaxy M20 marks the entry of Infinity V series display which comes close to being truly bezel-less but for the tiny notch at the top center that integrates the front camera. The design change results in an immersive edge-to-edge viewing experience. In comparison, earlier Samsung smartphones shipped with a very evident top bezel, which appears dated when compared to the Infinity V display on the Samsung Galaxy M20.


[celebration] Kevin McKidd Online turns 10!
KEVIN McKIDD ONLINE is excited to celebrate its 10th Anniversary!
TEAM McKIDD has enjoyed the last decade immensely and we look forward to the future!
HEARTFELT THANKS to all Kevin McKidd fans worldwide who continue to support KMKO and Kevin every day.
Please take a look back at the KMKO archives.
A month/year index & category tags can be found in the side menu on the News Blog.
Hop over to the Fan Zone to share with KMKO & interact with fans worldwide!
Jump into discussions or start a private chat with other fans on the forum.
Purchase a Kevin McKidd T-shirt or mug & check out our latest charity events.
Enter contests & giveaways and have fun playing games & puzzles.
Share artwork, videos, thoughts and other creations.
Connect with us on social media! We periodically spotlight fans!
[celebration] Kevin McKidd Online turns 9!
Today we celebrate 9 exciting years of KEVIN MCKIDD ONLINE!!!
granting us the honor of being his official website.
When KMKO was born on 20 October 2007 we didn't know what adventures our next 9 lives might hold.
Team McKidd would like to thank ALL THE FANS who have ridden the twists & turns with us.
Your continued support of Kevin and the website means so much to us!
A month/year index & category tags can be found in the side menu here on the News Blog.
started 8 years ago today!
We asked fans to share their memories, artwork, video & other creations with us.
We've included some of them below.
for making this website fun. We love interacting with fans from all over the world!
for inspiring the site & being so generous with his time & talent.
Sketch via Hasti Rose on Facebook.
Thanks for sharing with KMKO!
Episode 12x05 marks the 250th episode of GA.
Cast, crew & production staff celebrated at lunch on Tuesday, September 15, 2015.
plus a GA timeline (using script cover sheets) that encircled the room.
Everyone was asked to put a post-it on the script marking their start on Grey's Anatomy.
Of course, after lunch it was back to work on the next 250!
This 250th episode should air approximately October 22, 2015.
It is directed by Debbie Allen.
and Jeff is on the crew/production staff.
[video/tweets] Grey's Anatomy celebrates episode 250!
Episode 12x05 is the 250th episode of Grey's Anatomy!
There was an enormous cake, production photo, and a GA timeline - using script cover sheets - that encircled the room.
@HannahSky I ran up some stairs to snag a quick pic before we were all lined up. Some people got cropped unfortunately.
@jcapedia This is still a work day for us, back to shooting!
[contest] We have a Winner!
Happy to announce the lucky winner of our recent 7-Year Itch Birthday Contest.
celebrate 7 wonderful years online!


text:
Note: Komunikacja Techniczna

![Unit4](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Unit4_LogoLockup_RGB_Final.jpg)

![Dolby logo](http://logok.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Dolby-logo.png)

![Community](https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQGaYzZ5je12HXsv6sp5tsdqYJXvK5MSzZ3dqrJsldDkKf7uW3M)
### meetcontent.org
Note: Co my we dwóch robimy...

## Technical Communication
### Komunikacja Techniczna

Any form of communication that focuses on technical or specialized topics, communicates specifically by using technology or provides instructions on how to do something.
(Society for Technical Communication)
[//]: # (* **ISTC:** Factual communication, usually about products and services.)
[//]: # (* **EATC:** The process of defining, creating and delivering information products for the safe, efficient and effective use of products (technical systems, software, services).)
Note:  Society for Technical Communication, Institute of Scientific and Technical Communicators, European Association for Technical Communication

![Knowledge transfer](https://solutions21.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/blog_KnowledgeTransfer_Buddy_fb-1024x536.jpg)

### **Jakie są typy dokumentacji technicznej?**<!-- .element: style="font-family: 'Lato', Impact, sans-serif;" -->
# **Dobra**<!-- .element: style="font-family: 'Lato', Impact, sans-serif; color: #4CAF50"  class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" --> **Zła**<!-- .element: style="font-family: 'Lato', Impact, sans-serif; color: #F44336" class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" -->
Note: Czy robi to, co chcemy?

### Dokumentacja techniczna
- Instrukcje obsługi
- Specyfikacje
- Pomoc/Wsparcie
- Knowledge Bases
- eLearning
Note: Kanał dostarczania - PDF? Papier? HTML? Github?

### Produkt
- Hardware vs Software
- Deliverable vs Service
- Professional vs Consumer

### Odbiorca
- Wewnętrzny / Zewnętrzny
- Poziom wiedzy
- Oczekiwana forma
- Aspekty kulturowe
Note: tłumaczyć? humor?

### Cel i kontekst
- Jaki jest cel naszego przekazu?
- W jakiej sytuacji nasz dokument będzie czytany?
Note: Ile chcemy/możemy mówić?

## Kim jest Technical Writer?
Note: Pisarz techniczny, Information developer, Documentarian...

### Technical Writer: Detektyw<!-- .element: style="font-family: 'Lato', Impact, sans-serif;" -->
![Detective](https://www.earthrangers.com/content/wildwire/detective.png)
Note: Detektyw: powód zmian, źródła wiedzy, historie

### Technical Writer: Negocjator<!-- .element: style="font-family: 'Lato', Impact, sans-serif;" -->
![Negotiation](https://cdn.munplanet.com/storage/uploads/52209627db7c13603b000001/topic/background_image/52e14088db7c1397780008a1/Negotiation.jpg)
Note: Negocjator: devs, biznes, równoległych projektów

### Technical Writer: Tłumacz<!-- .element: style="font-family: 'Lato', Impact, sans-serif;" -->
![Translator](http://icons.iconarchive.com/icons/marcus-roberto/google-play/512/Google-Translate-icon.png)
Note: Tłumacz: terminologia firmowa/branżowa, poziom wiedzy, lokalizacja...

### Technical Writer: Grafik<!-- .element: style="font-family: 'Lato', Impact, sans-serif;" -->
![Designer](https://usabilitygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/when-to-prototype-when-to-wireframe-fidelity.jpg)
Note: Grafik: terminologia firmowa/branżowa, poziom wiedzy, lokalizacja...

### Technical Writer: Tester<!-- .element: style="font-family: 'Lato', Impact, sans-serif;" -->
![Tester](https://nexiilabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/shutterstock_codebug.jpg)
Note: Tester: UI, hardware, log bugs...

### Technical Writer: Architekt<!-- .element: style="font-family: 'Lato', Impact, sans-serif;" -->
![Architect](http://sagitas.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/plans.png)
Note: Architekt: Information architecture, struktura, granulacja

### Technical Writer
- Detektyw
- Negocjator
- Tłumacz
- Grafik
- Tester
- Architekt

### Tworzenie dokumentacji
* Zanim powstanie dokumentacja<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" -->
* Projektowanie dokumentacji<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" -->
* Tworzenie treści<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" -->
* Weryfikacja<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="4" -->
* Publikacja<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="5" -->
* Utrzymanie<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="6" -->

### Zanim powstanie dokumentacja
* Kim jest odbiorca?
* Rodzaje dokumentów
* Zagadnienia prawne<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" -->
* Planowanie czasu i zasobów<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" -->
* Definicja ról<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" -->
Note: Z kim będziemy współpracować, kiedy mamy termin.

### Projektowanie dokumentacji
* Kanał dostarczania
* Typy dokumentu
* Spis treści
* Rozmiar sekcji
* Referencje<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1" -->
* "Accessibility"<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="2" -->
* "Reuse" i "single-sourcing"<!-- .element: class="fragment" data-fragment-index="3" -->
Note: Accessibility, Dostępność,

### **Tworzenie treści**<!-- .element: style="font-family: 'Lato', Impact, sans-serif;" -->
* Narzędzia
* Standardy
* Księga stylu (Styleguide)
Note: CMS, static site generators, DITA, madcap

### Weryfikacja
* SME-review (Subject Matter Expert)
* Peer-review
* QA/Testers
* Sign-off
Note: Korygowanie

### Publikacja
* Lokalizacja
* Wydruk
* Platforma dostępu
Note: ogólno dostępny czy dla klientów...

### Utrzymanie
* Poprawa błędów
* Nowe wersje funkcjonalności
* Adaptacja produktu
* Wersjonowanie dokumentów
Note: wprowadzanie poprawek do istniejącej dokumentacji

### Społeczność<!-- .element: style="font-family: 'Lato', Impact, sans-serif;" -->
![Community1](http://soapconf.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/logo.png)
![Community2](https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQGaYzZ5je12HXsv6sp5tsdqYJXvK5MSzZ3dqrJsldDkKf7uW3M)
Note: warto dodać logo np. Write The Docs i meetcontent

### Certyfikacja<!-- .element: style="font-family: 'Lato', Impact, sans-serif;" -->
![Certification](https://i1.wp.com/techwriter.pl/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/itcqf_logo_black-e1442054514270.jpg)
Note: dostępne kursy w Polsce

![RTFM2](http://s2.quickmeme.com/img/c1/c1fa1ad064066b5c2ce7f4cfe448c742bdc1451557e3f8c15d6db50aede8758d.jpg)

![RTFM](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Cgd7ixyXEAAaN1Z.jpg)

tomasz.prus@unit4.com
dbarr@dolby.com
[db4rr.github.io](http://db4rr.github.io)
[meetcontent.org](http://meetcontent.org)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Socially Anxious Framing of 'Mr. Robot' and How It's Used to Tell Stories
By V Renée
This is how framing can change everything about your story.
There are lots of different ways to convey emotions on screen, from explicitly verbalizing it with dialog to tapping into the psychological effects of color. But framing shots in specific ways can also be extremely effective at communicating a character's mental and emotional state. Video essayist James Hayes of Film in the Making talks a bit about how the creators of the Emmy award-winning TV series Mr. Robot used framing, namely quadrant framing, to communicate the social anxiety and distrust experienced by its protagonist, a vigilante hacker named Elliot.
There are many different established theories about composition that look to explain how a subject's positioning within a frame affects the audience's interpretation of that scene. The popular concept of the "Rule of Thirds" states that the frame is divided by imaginary horizontal and vertical guide lines that create a multi-quadrant grid, the intersections of which serve as focal points for important features of the image (faces, objects, etc.)
There are a lot of ways to play around with this concept, like, yes, placing important stuff at an intersection, but you can also communicate different things by placing your subject within a certain quadrant. For example, placing Elliot in the bottom left quadrant gives the impression that he is isolated, even untrusting of the world around him. The reason for this stems from the relationship between "negative space" and "positive space." (Negative space is the space that surrounds a subject, while positive space is the subject itself.) If a subject, which is traditionally the focal point of a composition, only takes up a small fraction of the frame, the negative space becomes much more noticeable and even overpowering, which can result in eliciting emotions like loneliness, isolation, distrust, suspicion, and powerlessness.
If you want to learn more about the psychological and emotional effects of framing and composition, you should check out our other articles on the subject, like how director Nicolas Winding Refn uses some interesting framing acrobatics to convey subtle emotional messages.
Film in the Making
Video Essay
videoessays
Love me some Mr. Robot! Though I've seen this technique used prior in stuff like "Luther" with Idris Elba, I feel like Tod Campbell was seriously inspired by stuff like that.
September 24, 2016 at 10:20PM
MoonSong
In Luther you can see the same feeling of isolation.
WalterBrokx
Director, DOP, Writer, Editor, Producer
I know many people that been disturbed by this technique include myself.
i would like to read more about this.
Multiflave
Director , Editor , Audio Engineer
I have loved the framing for this show. There's one scene in season 2 where E Corp CEO Phillip Price is framed up tiny in the left bottom corner. He's dejected but then has a long monologue about how he has to be the most powerful man in the room, everywhere he goes. The camera slow dollies in toward him and ends with Phillip Price filling the entire frame.
September 25, 2016 at 4:25AM, Edited September 25, 4:26AM
Aaron Green
I don't know, I felt it often become too gimmickous and therefore distracting for the story (until it became so hole-ridden it didn't matter anymore). Good start though, but in the end just another exploitation of the 99%.
On a side note, did anyone tell you guys that your huge youtube embed doesn't fit FF window on a 1080p screen? Why would you do that?
zetty
A great explanation of the framing: https://youtu.be/Xc5bc33Ybys
October 6, 2016 at 10:44PM


text:
Solicite un presupuesto para nuestros servicios de toma de muestras y análisis con garantía de calidad y nos pondremos en contacto con usted en un plazo de dos días hábiles.
¿Tiene preguntas o comentarios sobre nuestros servicios de calidad del agua? Envíenos un mensaje y nos pondremos en contacto con usted lo antes posible.
Carbón: toma de muestras y análisis /
Análisis de la perforación /
Introduction to coal
Coal is the altered remains of vegetation which originally accumulated in swamps. Organic matter transforms to coal when it is buried and subjected into increasing temperature and pressure over an extended period of time as the sedimentary pile above the organic matter accumulates. The level of coalification controls the way the coal is used in industrial processes.
Introduction to coal rank
The temperature of the earth rises with increasing depth underground. Most bituminous coals are thought to have formed between 50°C and 150°C. The geothermal gradient in sedimentary basins is approximately 25°C to 30°C for every kilometre depth. Thus, the depth of burial for bituminous coals is between 1.7 km and 6 km. As the coalification process occurs at relatively low temperatures, the coal has to remain buried at that depth for several million years. Although this seems an extensive length of time, within the geological timescale this is readily achievable..
The alteration of vegetation to coal is termed the coalification pathway. The degree of alteration of a particular coal is referred to as the coal's rank.
In the transformation of peat to brown coal, the water saturated wood in the swamp is partly consumed by bacteria. This produces humic acids which further break down the wood material into an acid organic mush. As more material is overlaid on the pile, the force exerted on the organic material squeezes out excess water and the pore space decreases. Ultimately, more complex changes begin to occur with the release of water loving OH-groups (-OH, -COOH, -OCH etc). With increasing temperature, the organic mush is gelified and subsequently dries to a relatively solid form. At this point the organic matter has transformed to bituminous coal
In the bituminous rank range, increasing temperature results in additional water loss and initiation of the release of gases, notably carbon dioxide (CO2). Ongoing coalification into the mid-rank bituminous coals allows continued release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and increasing release of methane (CH4). Consequently, the residual material deoxygenates and dehydrogenates and the structure of the coal becomes carbon-rich. Via this process, by the time the coal transforms to anthracite is contains more than 90% carbon.
It is not only the chemistry of coal that changes with increasing rank. The structure of coal also changes. Low-rank bituminous coals contain groups of aromatic rings, crosslinked into a complex three-dimensional structure comprising carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and various radicals.
The bonds within the crosslinking structure are mostly strong co-valent bonds. However, a proportion of the C-H bonds are significantly weaker Van der Wall force linkages. The different rates at which CO2 and CH4 is driven from the coal results in an enhanced concentration of C-H Van der Wall bonds in within a sub-set of bituminous coals. It is these coals, with enhanced C-H bonds, that exhibit plastic behavior when heated in the absence of air and it is these coals that are used to make coke. Coal that are lower in rank or higher in rank compared to this subset are typically used as thermal coals in power generation. Thus, the structural changes that occur during coalification determine coal use.
Figure 1: Photograph of a Victorian brown coal specimen.
Figure 2: Photograph of Pennsylvanian anthracite specimen.
Standard tests for measuring coal rank
There are various ways to measure coal rank. The most common analyses are:
Vitrinite Reflectance Analysis. With increasing rank, the structure of the coal becomes more graphitic and the reflectance of the coal increases
Volatile Matter (dry, ash-free basis) from as Proximate Analysis. With increasing rank, coal has less residual volatile matter.
Hydrogen (dry, ash -free basis) from an Ultimate Analysis. With increasing rank, coal has less residual hydrogen.
Carbon (dry-ash-free basis) from an Ultimate Analysis. With increasing rank, coal has a higher concentration of carbon, as the other major organic components have been preferentially released.
Figure 3: The relationship between various measures of coal rank including Vitrinite Reflectance, Volatile Matter, Hydrogen content and Carbon content.
Introduction to coal type
At all levels of observation, coal is not homogeneous. For example, coal seams exhibit dull and bright bands. Using a microscope, these differences are more obvious in the inorganic components of coal. The organic portion of coal can be divided into three recognizable components which are termed macerals. The term "macerals" is supposed to be analogous to minerals. However, macerals do not have well-defined crystallographic structures found in minerals due to chemical and structural changes that occur in coal because of the coalification process.
There are three main maceral groups:
Liptinite is derived from parts of the plant that are resistant to biological and chemical alteration (resins, leaf cuticles, spores etc). Liptinite typically comprises a small proportion (0-5%) of the total coal mass. In the coke-making process liptinite is dominantly gasified
Vitrinite is derived from the cellulose of plants. During coalification this material is gelified by humic acids and desiccated to produce the ground mass of coal. This material typically comprises 40-70% of the coal mass. In the coke-making process vitrinite becomes plastic and fuses the other coal components into a coherent coke lump.
Inertinite is derived from the cellulose of plants. This component becomes oxidized to a degree prior to or during burial. This material typically comprises 20-60% of the coal mass. In the coke-making process a proportion of the inertinite behaves in a similar manner to vitrinite while a proportion is partly fusible or non-fusible
Figure 4: Photomicrograph of a section through coal (50um field of view). The light grey coloured components are inertinite group macerals displaying relic cell structure. The mid-grey components are vitrinite group materials. The dark grey, elongate lozenges in the vitrinite are liptinite macerals.
Standard Tests for Measuring Coal Type
There are various ways to measure coal type. The most fundamental analysis is Maceral Analysis performed using a reflected light optical microscope. As this is a time-consuming and subjective test, various surrogate tests have been designed to determine the proportion of fusible to infusible components in a coal. Thus the typically tests used to measure coal type are:
Maceral Analysis
Crucible Swelling Number (CSN), also referred to a Free Swelling Index (FSI)
Gieseler Plastometer Test
Dilatation Test
Gray-King Coke Test
G- Caking Power Test
Sapozhnikov (X- and Y-Index) Test
There is some correlation between tests that measure coal type. However, the correlation is not as good as that found between tests that measure coal rank. This is primarily because there is also an underlying relationship between surrogate coal type tests and coal rank.
Figure 5: The relationship between various measures of coal type.


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text:
Do you think china's economic system is travelling towards the capitalism?
posted by Mounika Midasala | 8pt
Dear Professor Wolff, please explain me why communist china has free markets and free trading in their economic system.
Official response from Richard Wolff submitted
The nature and meaning of "free" in the phrase "free markets" remains an issue of contention and debate among those who study the institution. Let me assume that you mean markets with minimal government interventions. In that meaning, there were free markets throughout most of the histories of most 20th century "communist" countries such as the USSR and the PRC. The USSR, for example, differentiated between major grain production and distribution (markets and trade but heavily shaped by government planning and interventions) and the production and distribution of meat, dairy, vegetables, fruits where the markets were enabled to function much more "freely." Modern Chinese economists tend to believe that markets - if limited and controlled and regulated - can be useful deployed in the service of economies such as theirs with heavy government involvement in the ownership and control of undustries. They also believe that case by case decisions can and should be made as to how free markets should be as mechanisms of distribution consistent with the government's plans and ownership/control projects and goals.
Richard Wolff responded with submitted 2017-01-19 20:53:12 -0500
Mounika Midasala published this page in Ask Prof. Wolff 2017-01-19 12:49:36 -0500


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