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Welfare Pays More Than Entry-Level Work in Most States
Home » Tax and Budget » Welfare Pays More Than Entry-Level Work in Most States
Welfare currently pays more than a minimum-wage job in 35 states, according to a new study by the Cato Institute. In 13 states, including Oregon, being on welfare can pay more than $15 per hour. That's over $31,000 tax-free dollars a year. This decreases welfare recipients' incentive to accept entry-level work and increases their chances of long-term dependence.
Studies show a crucial key to escaping poverty is work, beginning with a low-wage, entry-level job if necessary. But in many states, welfare pays more than being a starting secretary or even a first-year teacher (and in three states, an entry-level computer programmer). With incentives like this, it's hard for people with few skills to give up the security of a welfare check for any kind of paid work. Welfare benefits are tax-free, so they can exceed the take-home pay a typical recipient could expect to earn entering the workforce. This traps welfare recipients at the bottom of the economic ladder.
Many welfare recipients do want to work and are trying to find employment. But many others make the rational choice to stay on welfare if that pays more than the work for which they are qualified. If Congress and state legislators want to reduce dependence and reward work, they should strengthen welfare work requirements and resist allowing the cumulative benefits of welfare to continue outpacing the benefits of earning income.
Kathryn Hickok is Publications Director and Director of the Children's Scholarship Fund-Portland program at Cascade Policy Institute.


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Students Review 2020 Democrats, Criticize Primary Process
February 28, 2020 by Charlotte Rosenblum Leave a Comment
The 2020 Democratic primary and 2020 presidential election represent the first national elections in which many current Georgetown University students are eligible to vote.
Nominating a candidate who can defeat President Donald Trump in the general election is the top priority for the Democratic party, according to Chair of Georgetown University College Democrats AJ Williamson (COL '21).
"The number one issue for every Democrat, including us, is beating Donald Trump in November," Williamson said in an interview with The Hoya. "All of the candidates currently running could beat Trump in November, but could also lose to Trump in November. It's not a sure thing in either direction."
Although some Georgetown students believe Senator Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) will most likely be the Democratic presidential nominee, they have questioned the senator's chances of defeating Trump. In addition to the issue of electability, students also outlined their perceptions of the candidates, the key political issues on the campaign trail and the flaws within the Democratic primary process.
Student Perspectives on Candidates
In addition to Sanders, the other remaining candidates vying for the nomination are Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), former Vice President Joe Biden, former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg (D), former South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg (D), Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.), Rep. Tulsi Gabbard (D-Hawaii) and hedge fund manager Tom Steyer.
After three primaries and caucuses — the Iowa caucuses, the New Hampshire primary and the Nevada caucuses — Sanders has emerged as the frontrunner for the Democratic nomination, thus far earning 45 of the 100 pledged delegates, recording the highest vote totals in each of the three states.
Sadie Morris (SFS '22), founder and president of Hoyas for Bernie, believes the idealistic nature of Sanders' campaign fits the current needs of the Democratic Party.
"He is the only candidate who will not end up caving when money gets put on the table or things get tricky. We can't cave right now," Morris said in an interview with The Hoya. "His platform and his policies — these are things everyone can get behind. They are not actually radical."
Buttigieg is currently Sanders' top challenger at 25 pledged delegates. The Buttigieg campaign appeals to a broad range of Democratic voters, as opposed to some other candidates' targeted voter bases, according to Reed Hasson (SFS '20).
"The election is less about policy and more about a candidate who can unite the Democratic party," Hasson said in an interview with The Hoya. "He can bring together young voters as a young man himself with a unique story, while also someone that older voters can depend on. This is a balance we really need to strike."
While Sanders and Buttigieg have the highest number of pledged delegates, Sanders, Biden and Bloomberg have the highest polling numbers, according to national polling data from FiveThirtyEight, a popular statistical aggregation and analysis website.
Warren's slightly more centrist political lean relative to Sanders can be seen as an advantage in the general election, according to Maddie Berry (NHS '22) and Haley Byman (NHS '20), who are both health care management and policy majors. (Full disclosure: Berry serves as a staff writer for The Hoya.) Byman believes Sanders will ultimately win the Democratic nomination, however, because of his diverse support base.
BERNIE SANDERS/FACEBOOK | Students expressed both praise and concerns about Bernie Sanders leading the Democratic primary.
"Based on caucus results and national polling, he reaches young people and voters of color probably better than any other candidate does," Byman said in an interview with The Hoya.
For Democratic students who identify with candidates they believe are more moderate, issues like electability and appeal to the center of the Democratic Party are also of central concern.
Bloomberg is of interest to Henry James (COL '22), who is undecided on the candidate he supports. James intends to vote for a more moderate candidate to increase the Democrats' chances of defeating Trump.
"Only moderates can beat Trump," James wrote in an email to The Hoya. "If there is still a divided Democratic segment by Super Tuesday, I will be voting for Bloomberg."
Since entering the presidential race in November, Bloomberg has spent over half a billion dollars on campaign advertisements, heavily promoting his campaign on broadcast, cable and digital media platforms. This strategy has helped Bloomberg claim key campaign donors from Biden's campaign, which projects a similar policy platform, according to CNBC.
Biden, who was initially the front-runner when he announced his campaign in April 2019, has since lost large segments of his support due to subpar performances in debates and the early primaries, according to FiveThirtyEight.
Despite this trend, Sina Nemazi (COL '21), the chair of D.C. Students for Biden, a grassroots organization that includes students from Georgetown, The George Washington University and American University, is sticking with Biden because of the candidate's moderate positions and wider appeal to voters.
"I'm supporting Joe Biden because we can't go into this election pushing a leftward tone and tearing Republicans apart," Nemazi said in an interview with The Hoya. "Going into this election shunning a big part of the country is not the way to go."
With high stakes for the 2020 election, Georgetown students are prioritizing several defining issues for the primary campaign, including health care, climate change and electability.
Health care was the most frequently cited concern from the 12 students interviewed by The Hoya. Democratic candidates' health care proposals range from Sanders' Medicare for All Plan, which would eliminate private insurance, to Buttigieg's less expansive Medicare for All Who Want It Plan. Buttigieg's plan would include an option to enroll in Medicare while keeping private insurance.
Health care is a moral issue that requires a strong government solution, according to Byman, who supports Warren but sees Sanders as her second choice.
"We have a moral imperative as a country to make sure everyone has access to health care, and Medicare for All is the single best way to achieve that," Byman said.
On the other hand, Hasson believes that radical changes to the U.S. health care system should be implemented gradually and sees Buttigieg's plan as a more feasible option for 2020.
"[The U.S.] is in need of a step-by-step process to show that our economy can handle this and Buttigieg outlines a stepping-stone plan to execute this," Hasson said.
Following health care, climate change was the second most discussed topic by students interviewed by The Hoya.
Climate change is a key issue for this election, according to Olivia Torbert (SFS '20), former president and current vice president of the Georgetown Renewable Energy and Environment Network.
"Climate change is the most pressing issue facing the world today," Torbert said in an interview with The Hoya. "Economic inequality, racial inequality — tandem to all of that is reforming health care. What's most important is recognizing they all connect."
Students also emphasized the importance of being able to appeal to both liberal and conservative voters for a Democrat to beat Trump.
President of Georgetown University College Republicans Henry Dai (SFS '22) will be voting for a Republican in the 2020 election but noted that former presidential candidate Andrew Yang was the most appealing Democratic candidate. (Full disclosure: Dai previously served as a sports writer for The Hoya)
"I try to take a very open-minded approach that crosses party lines," Dai said in an interview with The Hoya. "Out of the Democratic candidates, the one that Republican voters felt most connected to is Yang. He was tackling a lot of issues Trump wanted to."
Yang was the best candidate to defeat Trump as he could have swayed former Trump voters to the Democratic party, according to registered Democrat Paige Raborn (SFS '22).
"He focused the most on why people voted for Trump and had the best turnover of Trump defectors," Raborn said in an interview with The Hoya.
A Flawed Primary Process
Despite excitement about voting for the first time and for their preferred candidates, students expressed discontent with the Democratic primary process. Specifically, students and faculty pointed to issues of caucus accessibility, the outsized influence of Iowa and New Hampshire as small, unrepresentative states and the longevity of the process, which can render many votes meaningless.
The current presidential primary system consists of states conducting either primary elections or caucuses to select 3,979 total pledged delegates for the Democratic National Convention, where the Democratic nominee for the 2020 election will be elected.
Historically, the media heavily emphasizes the Iowa caucuses and New Hampshire primary election, as they are among the first states in the primary process, though they only account for 4% of pledged delegates.
The Iowa caucuses Feb. 3 experienced logistical issues because of a defective vote tracking app, causing the primary results to be delayed by three days. The problem with the 2020 Iowa caucuses, in addition to past issues from the 2016 Alaska caucuses, point to a need to disband caucuses, according to science, technology and international affairs professor Jeremy Mathis.
"After participating in the Alaska caucus in 2006, I think we should abandon the caucus process immediately," Mathis wrote in an email to The Hoya. "It lends itself to unclear results. I think the disaster that was Iowa further demonstrates why that is the case."
In addition to logistical caucus issues, Iowa and New Hampshire, the first two states to vote in the Democratic primary process, poorly represent the diverse nature of the United States, according to Torbert.
"What's hard about them is they don't indicate much about how the country might go," Torbert said. "Both of these states are tiny and extraordinarily white — not representative of America by any means."
The Iowa caucuses consist of voters at 1,000 designated precincts across the state selecting their preferred candidate in two caucus rounds. The caucus process is beneficial as it gives voters the opportunity to communicate and discuss their ideas openly before officially casting their vote, according to Byman.
"Caucuses are valuable in that people have the chance to deliberate and realign their vote if their first choice isn't viable," Byman said. "However, the caucuses are inaccessible to a lot of voters who can't take time off or might be intimidated by the public process."
Several Georgetown students were able to experience the primary process in real time as part of a spring 2020 course titled "Presidential Nominations Lab" taught by professor Hans Noel. As part of their coursework, students could travel to two of the four first states to hold the primary: Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada or South Carolina. Byman and Williamson were among this cohort. Byman traveled to New Hampshire and Williamson traveled to Iowa.
After traveling to New Hampshire to observe the primary, Byman believes the early states should have less influence on the presidential nomination process due to their small sizes and number of delegates.
"We are acting like a lot of people have already made their decisions when it's only been two small states that actually represent a small part of the delegate," Byman said. "The momentum of primaries is really consequential from tiny, nonrepresentative states. It keeps people from voting their conscience."
In particular, caucuses might not fully represent the entire electorate because of scheduling conflicts for voters and because voters in larger states have little to no say in the nomination process, according to Noel.
"Caucuses are not very democratic. Turnout is very low and restricted to those who can come out at a specific time," Noel wrote in an email to The Hoya. "Just because there is voting doesn't mean it's a democracy."
About Charlotte Rosenblum

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Aerospace Museum of California Goes Solar 0
September 10, 2012 8:20 pm September 10, 2012
The new solar photovoltaic installation at the Aerospace Museum of California in McClellan provides all the power the facility needs.
Pacific Power installed the Motech Americas panels and the 756 roof-mounted solar panels provide 111 percent of the electricity the museum's massive facility uses.
Pacific Power approached the museum management, said executive director Roxanne Yonn.
"We're a nonprofit, so we have to be very careful about how we spend our donor's money," Yonn said. "We were able to work something out where there was no outlay."
But she said the power purchase agreement saves the museum on its energy bill.
"We have a large building," Yonn said. "And we use a lot of power, so we loved the idea of being able to save some money."
She said the museum roof was ideal for a solar installation and the panels have proven to be an asset for the museum so far.
"We also have an education mission here," she said. The rooftop solar goes hand-in-hand with our science and engineering education goals."
School groups ranging from elementary school-age children to college students come through the museum.
"We have aircraft from the early 1900s to space exploration exhibits," Yonn said.
The museum started as a way to preserve aircraft after a military based closed up. But now it has aircraft and spacecraft equipment from every branch of the military and every era, including the space travel era.
The solar panels on the roof add another dimension to the museum and its education efforts. In addition to explaining the planes and the history of air travel to California students, museum staff can discuss new energy technology and how it works on the building.
There are even opportunities to discuss how solar is being used in air and space travel today.
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Jose Antonio Orellana-Ruiz sentenced to 27 years in prison after killing his 3-month-old daughter
Police say Jose Antonio Orellana-Ruiz threw his daughter against a headboard when she wouldn't stop crying.
Jose Antonio Orellana-Ruiz sentenced to 27 years in prison after killing his 3-month-old daughter Police say Jose Antonio Orellana-Ruiz threw his daughter against a headboard when she wouldn't stop crying. Check out this story on azcentral.com: https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/phoenix-breaking/2019/07/19/phoenix-man-sentenced-27-years-prison-after-killing-3-month-old-daughter/1777638001/
Aubrey Carpenter, Arizona Republic Published 11:02 a.m. MT July 19, 2019
Jose Antonio Orellana-Ruiz (Photo: Maricopa County Sheriff's Office)
A Phoenix man was sentenced to 27 years in prison Thursday for the 2017 murder of his 3-month-old daughter after he threw her against a headboard when she wouldn't stop crying, police said.
Jose Antonio Orellana-Ruiz, 30, pleaded guilty to second-degree murder as part of a plea agreement in May, according to Maricopa County Superior Court officials.
On February 27, 2017, first responders were called at about 4:40 a.m. to a home near East Roosevelt and 14th streets on reports of a baby who wasn't breathing. The baby was found unresponsive with obvious signs of head trauma, according to the court records.
The baby, Adrianna Aaliyah, was rushed to a hospital in critical condition but died two days later, on March 1.
Police reports said that Orellana-Ruiz had begged the baby's mother to let her stay with him overnight. He told police that he lost his temper after his daughter would not stop crying, causing him to throw a bottle full of formula at his daughter's head twice and throw her against a wooden headboard, striking her in the head an additional two times.
Adrianna Aaliyah died March 1, 2017. Her father is accused of beating her to death. (Photo: gofundme.com)
Orellana-Ruiz said the baby was unconscious and breathing irregularly after he threw her in the air and let her land on the bed. He then woke up his mother who gave the 3-month-old CPR for a short time and told Orellana-Ruiz to call the police, police said.
Additional charges of child abuse against Orellana-Ruiz were dismissed after the plea deal, court records show.
Breaking News Intern Aubrey Carpenter can be reached at Aubrey.Carpenter@arizonarepublic.com and can be followed at aubreycarp1.
Support local journalism.Subscribe to azcentral.com today.
Read or Share this story: https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/phoenix-breaking/2019/07/19/phoenix-man-sentenced-27-years-prison-after-killing-3-month-old-daughter/1777638001/
McSally slams CNN reporter as 'liberal hack'


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Колония Массачусетского залива () — британская колония в Новой Англии, самая северная из тринадцати колоний, позже реорганизованная в провинцию Массачусетского залива. Территория колонии располагалась вокруг залива Массачусетс, крупнейшими городами колонии были Сейлем и Бостон.

Колония была основана компанией Массачусетского залива согласно хартии Карла I, дозволяющей компании колонизировать земли между реками Чарльз и Мерримак. Вкладчиками компании стали инвесторы неудавшейся Дорчестерской компании, которая в 1623 году ненадолго основала поселение на мысе Энн.

Колония была образована в 1628 году и была второй попыткой колонизации. В 1630-х годах в Новую Англию переехали около 20 000 человек. Первыми поселенцами стали тысяча пуритан во главе с Джоном Уинтропом. Губернатора избирали сами поселенцы, избирательными правами были наделены только прихожане местной церкви, что предопределило религиозную направленность и колонии, и её правительства. Как следствие, колониальное руководство проявляло нетерпимость к другим религиозным платформам, в том числе к англиканским, квакерским и баптистским.

Первоначально поселенцы имели хорошие отношения с местным индейским населением, но возникшие трения в конечном итоге привели к Пекотской войне (1636—1638) и войне короля Филиппа (1675—1678), после чего большинство индейских племён на юге Новой Англии заключило мирные договоры с поселенцами.

Колония была экономически успешной, занимаясь торговлей с Англией и Вест-Индией. Нехватка твёрдой валюты в колонии побудила её создать монетный двор в 1652 году. В отличие от Плимутской и Лондонской компаний, которые обустраивали Плимутскую и Вирджинскую колонии, колония Массачусетского залива не была обязана проводить заседания участников в Англии, поэтому управление компанией осуществлялось непосредственно из Бостона и Сейлема. Король был обеспокоен растущей самостоятельностью теократического правительства колонии и в 1684 году аннулировал её устав. Славная революция 1688 года позволила колонистам вернуть самоуправление, но лишь до 1691 года, когда колония была объединена с Плимутской колонией и колонией Мэн в провинцию Массачусетского залива.

История

До прихода европейских поселенцев на восточный берег Новой Англии земли вокруг залива Массачусетс были территорией проживания нескольких алгонкинских племён, включая Массачусет, Наусет и Вампаноаг. Пеннакуки занимали долину реки Мерримак на севере, а нипмуки, покумтуки и магикане — западные земли современного штата Массачусетс, некоторые из этих племён платили дань могавкам, которые расширяли свои владения на севере современного штата Нью-Йорк. Общая численность индейского населения в регионе в 1620 году оценивалась в 7000 человек. Ещё в 1616 году их было значительно больше, но, по свидетельствам местных жителей, разразившаяся эпидемия привела к гибели двух третей населения. Модели землепользования индейцев включали пахотные земли, очищенные от леса, и лесные территории для охоты.

В начале XVII века несколько европейских исследователей начали изучение данного региона, в том числе Самюэль де Шамплен и Джон Смит. В 1606 году первые британские поселения появились на восточном побережье Северной Америки. 10 апреля 1606 года король Яков I предоставил устав, образовавший две акционерные компании по образованию колоний. Они не получили официальных названий, поэтому образованные ими колонии получили наименования «первая колония» и «вторая колония». Согласно этому уставу, «первая колония» и «вторая колония» должны были управляться Советом, состоявшим из 13 человек от каждой колонии. В уставе предусматривался дополнительный совет из 13 человек, именуемый «Совет Виргинии», который нес общую ответственность за объединённое предприятие.

«Первая колония» занимала земли между 34 и 41 градусами северной широты, «вторая колония» — между 38 и 45 градусами. Инвесторы из Лондона были назначены для управления поселениями в «первой колонии»; инвесторы из Плимута в графстве Девон были назначены для управления поселениями во «второй колонии». Лондонская компания приступила к строительству Джеймстауна. Плимутская компания под руководством сэра Фердинандо Горджеса заняла более северные районы, включая Новую Англию, и основала колонию Сагадахок в 1607 году в штате Мэн. Однако колония не закрепилась, и через год 120 поселенцев покинули регион. Горджес отмечал, что «больше не может быть и речи о поселении в этих землях» на ближайшие годы. Английские корабли продолжали прибывать в Новую Англию для ловли рыбы и торговли с индейцами.

Плимутская колония
В декабре 1620 года группа паломников основала Плимутскую колонию к югу от залива Массачусетс, рассчитывая сохранить свою культурную самобытность и обрести свободу вероисповедания. Колонисты Плимута столкнулись с большими трудностями и добыли мало прибыли для своих инвесторов, которые продали им свои активы в 1627 году. Эдвард Уинслоу и Уильям Брэдфорд были лидерами колонии и, вероятно, авторами работы, опубликованной в Англии в 1622 году под названием «Mourt's Relation». Эта книга в некотором роде стала рекламой дальнейшего переселения в Новую Англию.

Поселение на мысе Энн
В 1623 году Совет Плимутской колонии основал небольшую рыбацкую деревню на мысе Энн под наблюдением Дорчестерской компании, а Томас Гарднер стал её управляющим. Эта компания была первоначально организована усилиями пуританского пастора Джона Уайта (1575—1648) из Дорчестера. Уайт был назван «отцом колонии Массачусетса» из-за его влияния на создание поселения, несмотря на то, что он так и не переселился в Америку. Поселение на мысе Энн не было прибыльным, и инвесторы Дорчестерской компании прекратили его финансирование к концу 1625 года. Поселенцы перебрались в соседний Глостер.

Оформление колонии
Архиепископ Уильям Лод был советником короля Карла I и преданным англиканином, поэтому он стремился подавить религиозные практики пуритан в Англии. Преследование пуритан в 1620-х годах привело их к мысли, что религиозная реформа невозможна, пока Карл является королём, поэтому многие решили искать свободы вероисповедания в Новом Свете.

Между тем Джон Уайт продолжал искать источники финансирования колонии. 19 марта 1627/8 года Совет Новой Англии выдал грант на землю для новой группы инвесторов, в которую вошли несколько представителей Дорчестерской компании. Грант касался земли между реками Чарльз и Мерримак. Компания, которой был предоставлен грант, была названа «Компания Новой Англии в заливе Массачусетс». Компания избрала Мэтью Крэдока своим первым губернатором и сразу же начала вербовать поселенцев.

Компания отправила около 100 новых поселенцев в 1628 году под руководством помощника губернатора Джона Эндикотта, одного из грантополучателей. В следующем году поселение Наумкеаг было переименовано в Сейлем и пополнено ещё 300 поселенцами во главе с преподобным Фрэнсисом Хиггинсоном, одним из первых пасторов поселения. Первые зимы были трудными, поселенцы боролись против голода и болезней, что привело к многочисленным смертельным исходам.

Руководители компании стали искать способы получить Королевский устав для своей колонии, так как были обеспокоены противоречивостью земельных грантов, предоставленных сразу нескольким компаниям, способных привести к земельным спорам, а также из-за увеличения числа пуритан, которые хотели поселиться в колонии. Карл I предоставил устав 4 марта 1628/9 года, утвердив земли компании в Массачусетсе в статусе полноправной колонии. Устав не упомянул существенную оговорку о месте проведения годового собрания акционеров. В 1629 году Карл распустил парламент, после чего руководители компании встретились, чтобы рассмотреть возможность перемещения места управления компанией в колонию. В рамках Кембриджского соглашения группа инвесторов согласилась эмигрировать и переместить свои активы в Новую Англию.

Колония Массачусетского залива стала первой английской колонией, совет директоров которой не проживал в Англии. Эта независимость помогла поселенцам сохранить свои пуританские религиозные практики от вмешательства короля, архиепископа Лода или англиканской церкви. Устав оставался в силе в течение 55 лет; Карл II отозвал его в 1684 году. Парламент принял законодательство, именуемое «Навигационными актами», которые пытались помешать колонистам торговать с любой страной, кроме Англии. Колониальное сопротивление этим действиям вынудило короля отозвать устав Массачусетса и объединить все колонии в Новой Англии, Нью-Йорке и Нью-Джерси в Доминион Новая Англия.

Колониальная история
Флотилия кораблей, иногда называемая «Флот Уинтропа», отплыла из Англии в апреле 1630 года. В Сейлем прибыли более 700 поселенцев во главе с губернатором Джоном Уинтропом.

В течение следующих десяти лет наблюдался постоянный исход пуритан из Англии, около 20 000 человек переселились в Массачусетс и соседние колонии во время Великой миграции. Рост числа поселенцев вызвал образование ряда новых поселений.

Войны трёх королевств приостановили миграцию, и значительное число поселенцев вернулись в Англию, чтобы сражаться на войне. Власти Массачусетса сочувствовали парламенту и имели в целом позитивные отношения с правителем Английского Содружества и лордом-протектором Оливером Кромвелем. Экономика колоний начала диверсифицироваться в 1640-х годах, так как торговля мехом, пиломатериалы и рыбная промышленность находили рынки сбыта в Европе и Вест-Индии, развивалась и кораблестроительная промышленность колонии. Появление поколения людей, родившихся в колонии, и рост купечества начали медленно менять политический и культурный климат колонии, хотя в её управлении по-прежнему доминировали относительно консервативные пуритане.

Поддержка колонией Кромвеля создала напряженность после реставрации монархии в Англии в 1660 году. Карл II стремился расширить королевское влияние на колонии, чему Массачусетс сопротивлялся вместе с другими колониями. Например, колония Массачусетского залива неоднократно отказывалась от просьб короля разрешить создание англиканской церкви в Новой Англии, а также законам о судоходстве, которые требовали от колонистов торговать только с Англией.

Все колонии Новой Англии были разорены войной короля Филиппа (1675—1676), когда индейцы южной Новой Англии поднялись против колонистов и были разгромлены. Земли Массачусетса особенно сильно пострадали от боёв. К концу войны большинство индийского населения южной Новой Англии заключили мирные договоры с колонистами.

Отмена устава
После Реставрации 1660 года вопросы колониальной администрации привлекли внимание короля. В частности, Массачусетс с неохотой согласился с тем, что у короля есть полномочия по контролю над его управлением. Это привело к кризисам в 1660-х годах и в конце 1670-х годов, когда правление колонии конфликтовало с метрополией. В 1686 году королевская канцелярия известила колонию, что Королевский устав аннулирован.

Восстановление и переорганизация колонии
С 1686 года территория колонии была административно объединена с другими колониями Новой Англии в Доминион Новая Англия. Власть в доминионе осуществлялась сэром Эдмундом Эндросом без какого-либо местного представительства и была крайне непопулярна в Новой Англии. Массачусетские элиты сговорились арестовать Эндроса в апреле 1689 года после Великой революции 1688 года в Англии, и восстановили правительство в соответствии с нормами отмененного устава. 1689—1692 годы были трудными, так как колония была на переднем крае войны короля Вильгельма, а её приграничные общины были разорены рейдами, проводимыми французскими и индейскими отрядами из Новой Франции.

Король Вильгельм III издал новую хартию в 1691 году, несмотря на усилия представителей Массачусетса по возрождению старого колониального устава. Колония Массачусетского залива была объединена с Плимутской колонией, Мартас-Виньярдом и Нантакетом, сформировав провинцию Массачусетского залива.

Экономика
В первые годы колония сильно зависела от импорта сырья из Англии и поддерживалась инвестициями богатых иммигрантов. Некоторые отрасли активно развивались, особенно судостроение, рыболовство, меховая и лесопильная промышленность. Уже в 1632 году корабли, построенные в колонии, начали торговать с другими колониями, Англией и иностранными портами в Европе. К 1660 году торговый флот колонии был оценен в 200 кораблей, и к концу века его верфи, по оценкам, ежегодно строили несколько сотен судов. В первые годы флот в основном перевозил рыбу из Вест-Индии в Европу. Купцы обычно отправляли сушёную рыбу в Португалию или Испанию, забирали оттуда вино и масло для транспортировки в Англию, а затем перевозили готовые изделия из Англии в колонию. Эта и другие формы торговли стали незаконными после введения в 1651 году Закона о судоходстве, превратив колониальных торговцев, которые продолжали использовать эти торговые маршруты, в контрабандистов. Многие колониальные чиновники сами были торговцами или были политически зависимы от них, поэтому выступали против торговых ограничений со стороны короны.

Торговля мехом играла скромную роль в экономике колонии, так как реки не связывали её поселения с поселениями индейцев, которые занимались заготовкой меха. Древесина стала приобретать всё большее значение в экономике, особенно для военно-морских целей, после того, как конфликты между Англией и Голландией привели к пресечению поставок корабельных мачт из Англии.

Экономика колонии зависела от успеха её торговли, отчасти потому, что её земля не была подходящей для сельского хозяйства, как в других колониях, таких как Виргиния, где были созданы крупные плантации. Рыболовство было настолько важной отраслью, что лица, участвовавшие в нём, были освобождены от налогообложения и военной службы.

Товары перевозились на местные рынки по дорогам, которые иногда были немногим шире, чем индейские тропы. Мосты были довольно редким явлением, поскольку они были дорогими в эксплуатации, а на их владельцев налагались штрафы, если торговцы теряли грузы ввиду их обрушения. Из-за этого большинство речных переходов осуществлялось паромами. Заметными исключениями были мост через реку Мистик, построенный в 1638 году, и через реку Саугус, расходы на содержание которых субсидировались властями.

Колониальное правительство пыталось регулировать экономику несколькими способами. В ряде случаев оно принимало законы, регулирующие заработную плату и цены на экономически важные товары и услуги, но большинство таких инициатив длились недолго.

Демография
Большинство людей, переселившихся в колонию в течение её первых 12 лет, прибыли из двух регионов Англии — из графства Линкольншир в Восточной Англии, а также из графств Девон, Сомерсет и Дорсет на юго-западе Англии. Хотя переселялись и из других регионов Англии. Модель миграции часто сосредотачивалась вокруг конкретного церковного прихода, недовольного ограничениями со стороны архиепископа Лода. Одной из характерных особенностей колоний Новой Англии (в отличие от некоторых других английских колоний) было то, что большинство переселенцев прибыли по религиозным и политическим причинам, а не по экономическим.

Переселенцы в основном состояли из состоятельных дворян и квалифицированных ремесленников. Они привезли с собой учеников и слуг, часть которых находились в подневольном состоянии. Переселялись и немногие титулованные дворяне, хотя часть из них ограничивалась финансовой поддержкой колонистов и приобретением земель в Массачусетсе и других колониях. Торговцы также представляли значительную долю мигрантов, они играли важную роль в экономики колонии.

С началом Гражданской войны в Англии в 1642 году эмиграция снизилась, и некоторые переселенцы даже вернулись в Англию, чтобы бороться за победу парламента. В последующие годы большинство иммигрантов прибывали в колонию по экономическим причинам; они были торговцами, моряками и ремесленниками. После отзыва Нантского эдикта в 1685 году колония также пополнилась французскими гугенотами. Кроме того, в колонию перебралось небольшое количество шотландцев. В целом население Массачусетса оставалось английским по этническому характеру до 1840-х годов.

Рабство существовало, но не было широко распространено в колонии. Некоторые индейцы, захваченные во время Пекотской войны, были порабощены, а те, что представляли наибольшую угрозу, были доставлены в Вест-Индию и обменены на товары и рабов. Губернатору Джону Уинтропу принадлежали несколько рабов-индейцев, а губернатор Саймон Брэдстрит владел двумя чернокожими рабами. В 1680 году Брэдстрит сообщил, что в колонии было от 100 до 120 рабов, но историк Хью Томас представил доказательства того, что их, возможно, было несколько больше.

Примечания

См. также
 Война короля Филипа

Литература

  (five volume history of Massachusetts until the early 20th century)

Появились в 1630 году
Бывшие колонии Великобритании
История Массачусетса
История США
История Новой Англии

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Does Investing Inertia Have You Trapped?
Submitted by The Blueprint 360 | Financial Clarity Within Reach on October 22nd, 2016
Investors are prone to many behavioral mistakes that can cost them dearly. Trying to time the market, trying to pick the winners, chasing returns, trying to go it alone are among the most common. But the one that can inflict the most damage over a period of time is when they succumb to investing inertia. What is investing inertia? In physics, inertia refers to an object's "amount of resistance to change in velocity." Without some other force to affect it, an object will not change course or speed. If at rest, it will remain at rest; if plodding along in a straight line – it will continue to plod along. In a nutshell, inertia is the enemy of change. In personal finance, it's is a psychological affliction that can prevent people from making critical financial decisions often resulting in lost opportunities or financial stagnation.
Examples and Causes of Investing Inertia
Investing inertia can present itself in a number of ways and the affect many different aspects of financial decision-making. The most prevalent example is the average person who has yet to save a dime and keeps putting off establishing a systematic savings program. On the other extreme it's the person who may be fully invested who has ridden the last two years of stock market gains without doing a thing to his portfolio.
Essentially, investing inertia is the status quo with which we're most familiar and, assuming it hasn't had any drastic impact on our situation, it always seems to be the safest route for many people. Never mind that it could cost the person who postpones saving tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars over his lifetime; and the person who makes no adjustments to his portfolio after a two or three year run in the stock market could suddenly see his gains erased.
Its causes are mostly rooted in emotional behaviors with fear being the most prevalent – fear of loss, fear of failure, fear of the unknown, fear of leaving our comfort zone. Investors who were caught in the market crash may find comfort in the safety of fixed yield investments. People with money to invest can become frozen in fear from too many investment choices. New investors may be intimidated by the complexity of investing and fear having to make a decision. Of course, it could be the result of sheer laziness or procrastination which relies on the comfort of the status quo to justify inaction.
Overcoming Investing Inertia
Whatever the situation or the cause, investing inertia usually requires an intervention by some force, either internal or external to break its bonds. The strongest internal force is motivation. Motivation to make a change usually comes when we are inspired to take deliberate, measured action or are frightened into reaction. In personal finance, the strongest, most inspiring motivation comes from our own financial goals. However, financial goals need to be clear enough, important enough and desirable enough to inspire someone to develop a strategy and then adhere to it. Simply setting target dates and dollar amounts as goals carries no emotional weight; however, when you can visualize it and quantify it, it provides the emotional impetus for action.
The most powerful external force for disrupting investing inertia, aside from a stock market crash forcing you off the couch, is a conscience other than your own; and if it belongs to a qualified, objective, independent financial advisor, then all the better. To be sure, without a well-conceived financial plan a comprehensive investment strategy to drive it, and a financial coach to keep you on track, nothing is likely to change.
*This content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information provided is not written or intended as tax or legal advice and may not be relied on for purposes of avoiding any Federal tax penalties. Individuals are encouraged to seek advice from their own tax or legal counsel. Individuals involved in the estate planning process should work with an estate planning team, including their own personal legal or tax counsel. Neither the information presented nor any opinion expressed constitutes a representation by us of a specific investment or the purchase or sale of any securities. Asset allocation and diversification do not ensure a profit or protect against loss in declining markets. This material was developed and produced by Advisor Websites to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. Copyright 2014-2016 Advisor Websites.
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Final 2020 Oscar Predictions – ANIMATED FEATURE
Erik Anderson February 3, 2020
Boy oh boy, do we have a race here.
Since the inception of the Animated Feature Oscar only one sequel has ever won – Toy Story 3 – but it comes with a big asterisk in that the first two came out before the category was created and this was the first time the Academy had the chance to recognize the franchise. Since then the sequels of Kung Fu Panda, Despicable Me, How to Train Your Dragon and Incredibles all went home empty-handed to new, original films (Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse and its existing IP notwithstanding).
When Frozen II, the most successful animated film of all time, was frozen out of a nomination it mirrored when had happened to Finding Dory, at the time the most successful animated film of all time and also a sequel to an Oscar-winning animated feature (Finding Nemo). The eventual winner there, Zootopia, was still a Disney release so no loss for the studio there.
This year holds the chance to make a bit of history if Toy Story 4 wins. Again, it's a bit of an asterisk, being the sequel to a sequel but it would essentially be the 'first' of its kind to win here. Without Frozen II to possibly split the Disney vote (if you feel that's how things fall) it benefits the Pixar film immensely. It removes its toughest internal competition, making it the only Disney release nominated.
But look out, because here comes the biggest surprise of the season in Netflix's Christmas-themed Klaus. Ignored by the Globes, Critics Choice and PGA, Klaus came in like a snowball and turned into an avalanche at the Annie Awards, sweeping all seven of its categories including the top award. Now, I know what you're going to say: the Annies have sometimes overlooked Disney/Pixar for other fare, including Toy Story 3, but they've been Disney-friendly five out of 10 times this last decade. Is Annie and BAFTA a strong enough combo for Klaus to be formidable contender here?
The x factor in this race though is Missing Link. After surprising everyone (including the film's creators) at the Golden Globes they also secured a VFX society win – both times over Toy Story 4. PGA went for Toy Story 4, muddying up the waters significantly. You can look at the last decade and find examples where the PGA winner lost out to the BAFTA winner (Wreck-It-Ralph vs Brave), and once where the PGA and BAFTA winner lost the Oscar because it wasn't nominated (The Lego Movie, which opened the door for Disney's Big Hero 6 over the first How to Train Your Dragon sequel). But there are no instances where a BAFTA winner beats a PGA winner when both are nominated for the Oscar as BAFTA winner Kubo and the Two Strings shows.
After looking at all of that, every time a film won both PGA and BAFTA and was Oscar-nominated it won. Five examples in the last 10 years. We don't have that this year, making it one of the toughest races of the season. Either tradition will continue or history will be made. Is there room for Klaus or Missing Link to upset? I know it's risky to bet against bet against the Mouse House but I'm going to do it and predict Klaus to win.
Check out the chart with wins from various guilds, industry and others.
Here are my ranked Final Oscar predictions for Animated Feature.
1. Klaus (Netflix) Annie (x7), BAFTA, VES
2. Toy Story 4 (Disney/Pixar) Annie, BAFTA, CCA, GG, PGA, VES
3. Missing Link (LAIKA/Annapurna/UAR) Annie, CCA, GG, PGA, VES (x2)
4. How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World (Dreamworks) Annie, CCA, GG, PGA, VES
5. I Lost My Body (Netflix) Annie (Indie), CCA
Erik Anderson
Erik thanks his mother for his love of all things Oscar, having watched the Academy Awards together since he was in the single digits; making lists, rankings and predictions throughout the show. This led him down the path to obsessing about awards. Much later, he found himself at GoldDerby, led by Tom O'Neill and then migrated over to Oscarwatch (now AwardsDaily), headed up by Sasha Stone before breaking off to create AwardsWatch. He is a member of the International Cinephile Society, GALECA (The Society of LGBTQ Entertainment Critics), the International Press Academy and is the founder/owner of AwardsWatch.
Tags: 2020 oscar predictions 2020 oscars animated feature how to train your dragon the hidden world i lost m klaus missing link oscars oscars 2020 toy story 4
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Good eats & up to 1 mile… – Run. Travel. Dream.
Today was a great day. I ran a full mile today without walking. That was my longest run so far without foot/ankle pain! I finished it off with another 1/2 mile of walking.
I celebrated with a nice lunch – a Med Salad with Chicken (and extra feta) from Noodles & Co. and bought a pressure cooker so we could try El's Kitchen Comforts' Turkey Chili recipe (over brown rice). Yummy goodness in 20 minutes!


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Together with Simon & Paul GmbH, we've produced a social media Christmas competition spot for Jack & Jones. The price was to win a man cave. Chris Böhm, a three-time German BMX Flatland Champion and multiple world record holder, was our main actor. The location was an industrial hall at Oberhafenquartier, Hamburg, where he rode a sick line with impressive tricks. My task was the Post-Production & cutting of the footage. For the video,
the brief was to create a rough, industrial, not to advertisable look.
Together with Simon & Paul GmbH, we've produced a social media Christmas competition spot for Jack & Jones. The price was to win a man cave. Chris Böhm, a three-time German BMX Flatland Champion and multiple world record holder, was our main actor. The location was an industrial hall at Oberhafenquartier, Hamburg, where he rode a sick line with impressive tricks. My task was the Post-Production & cutting of the footage. For the video, the brief was to create a rough, industrial, not to advertisable look.


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Saudi Aramco and Air Products Inaugurate Saudi Arabia's First Hydrogen Fueling Station
News ReleaseSaudi Aramco and Air Products Inaugurate Saudi Arabia's First Hydrogen Fueling Station
Hydrogen Fueling Station is the First Step in Developing Oil-based Hydrogen Transport within the Kingdom
18/06/2019 Lehigh Valley, Pa.
Saudi Aramco and Air Products (NYSE:APD) today inaugurated the first hydrogen fueling station in Saudi Arabia at Air Products' new Technology Center in the Dhahran Techno Valley Science Park. The pilot station will fuel an initial fleet of six Toyota Mirai fuel cell electric vehicles with high-purity compressed hydrogen.
The announcement comes amid growing international recognition of hydrogen's benefits. A report released last week by the International Energy Agency (IEA) concludes that hydrogen has vast potential to help the world reduce emissions while addressing its energy needs.
"This pilot project represents an exciting opportunity for Saudi Aramco and Air Products to demonstrate the potential of hydrogen in the transport sector and its viability as a sustainable fuel for the future," said Amin H. Nasser, President and Chief Executive Officer of Saudi Aramco. "Today's milestone is an important step in making oil-to-hydrogen a reality as Saudi Aramco continues to be focused on creating breakthrough technologies and solutions as part of our long term efforts to reduce carbon emissions and address climate concerns."
"It is well known that our world needs a sustainable system to address environmental challenges while also meeting growing energy demand. Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies are well positioned to be part of the solution," said Seifi Ghasemi, Air Products' Chairman, President and CEO. "We are honored to collaborate with Saudi Aramco to establish and develop a sustainable, hydrocarbon-based hydrogen supply system for fuel cell vehicles in Saudi Arabia."
The new fueling station combines Saudi Aramco's industrial and technological experience with Air Products' know-how and experience in the field of hydrogen fueling.
Air Products' proprietary SmartFuel® hydrogen fueling technology will be incorporated into the new station to supply Toyota Mirai Fuel Cell Vehicles with compressed hydrogen. The data collected during the initial phase of this project will provide valuable information for the assessment of future applications of this emerging and diverse transport technology in the local environment.
It is expected that the fleet of Toyota Mirai vehicles will have a driving range of 500km with water as their only emission and the ability to be fueled in five minutes as opposed to an hour for traditional battery electric vehicles. This would demonstrate the potential of hydrogen fueled vehicles to make a significant contribution to a clean, secure, and affordable energy future.
About Saudi Aramco
Saudi Aramco is a global integrated energy and chemicals company. It is driven by the core belief that energy is opportunity. From producing approximately one in every eight barrels of the world's oil supply to developing new energy technologies, Saudi Aramco focuses on making resources more dependable, more sustainable, and more useful. This helps promote stability and long-term growth around the world. www.saudiaramco.com
Media Relations: international.media@aramco.com; Twitter: @Saudi_Aramco
Media Inquiries: Art George, tel: (610) 481-1340; email: georgeaf@airproducts.com
Investor Inquiries: Simon Moore, tel: (610) 481-7461; email: mooresr@airproducts.com
About Dhahran Techno Valley Company
The Dhahran Techno Valley Company (DTVC)—a wholly owned subsidiary of the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)—is a key driver of the Dhahran Techno Valley Ecosystem, which was created to promote a knowledge-based economy in Dhahran and in the Eastern Province. This ecosystem includes KFUPM, national champions such as Saudi Aramco, SABIC and SEC, technology partners and small-to-medium size enterprises.
Art George
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Allentown, PA 18195-1501
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Saudi Arabia Hydrogen Fueling Station
(From left to right) Dr. Sahel N. Abduljauwad, Rector of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) and Chairman, Dhahran Techno Valley Holding Company (DTVC); Seifi Ghasemi, Chairman, President and CEO of Air Products; and Amin H. Nasser, President and Chief Executive Officer of Saudi Aramco inaugurate the first hydrogen fueling station in Saudi Arabia at Air Products' new Technology Center in the Dhahran Techno Valley Science Park.
Legal NoticePrivacy Notice Copyright © 1996 – 2020 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.


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package org.eclipse.jdt.internal.ui.preferences;

import org.eclipse.swt.events.DisposeEvent;
import org.eclipse.swt.events.DisposeListener;
import org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Font;

import org.eclipse.core.runtime.Assert;

import org.eclipse.jface.preference.IPreferenceStore;
import org.eclipse.jface.resource.JFaceResources;
import org.eclipse.jface.util.IPropertyChangeListener;
import org.eclipse.jface.util.PropertyChangeEvent;

import org.eclipse.jface.text.source.SourceViewer;

import org.eclipse.jdt.ui.PreferenceConstants;
import org.eclipse.jdt.ui.text.JavaSourceViewerConfiguration;

/**
 * Handles Java editor font changes for Java source preview viewers.
 *
 * @since 3.0
 */
public class JavaSourcePreviewerUpdater {

	/**
	 * Creates a Java source preview updater for the given viewer, configuration and preference store.
	 *
	 * @param viewer the viewer
	 * @param configuration the configuration
	 * @param preferenceStore the preference store
	 */
	public JavaSourcePreviewerUpdater(final SourceViewer viewer, final JavaSourceViewerConfiguration configuration, final IPreferenceStore preferenceStore) {
		Assert.isNotNull(viewer);
		Assert.isNotNull(configuration);
		Assert.isNotNull(preferenceStore);
		final IPropertyChangeListener fontChangeListener= new IPropertyChangeListener() {
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			 * @see org.eclipse.jface.util.IPropertyChangeListener#propertyChange(org.eclipse.jface.util.PropertyChangeEvent)
			 */
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					viewer.getTextWidget().setFont(font);
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		final IPropertyChangeListener propertyChangeListener= new IPropertyChangeListener() {
			/*
			 * @see org.eclipse.jface.util.IPropertyChangeListener#propertyChange(org.eclipse.jface.util.PropertyChangeEvent)
			 */
			public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent event) {
				if (configuration.affectsTextPresentation(event)) {
					configuration.handlePropertyChangeEvent(event);
					viewer.invalidateTextPresentation();
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		};
		viewer.getTextWidget().addDisposeListener(new DisposeListener() {
			/*
			 * @see org.eclipse.swt.events.DisposeListener#widgetDisposed(org.eclipse.swt.events.DisposeEvent)
			 */
			public void widgetDisposed(DisposeEvent e) {
				preferenceStore.removePropertyChangeListener(propertyChangeListener);
				JFaceResources.getFontRegistry().removeListener(fontChangeListener);
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		JFaceResources.getFontRegistry().addListener(fontChangeListener);
		preferenceStore.addPropertyChangeListener(propertyChangeListener);
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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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"You are comparing apples to oranges," Neiman said in a statement. "There is no discrepancy in what Erik reported to the state and what he earned. Period."
Violations of state ethics laws can lead to civil fines, though there is a five-year statute of limitations.
Fresen also claimed up to $113,000 in student loans, though he graduated with a bachelor's degree from Florida State, a public university.
Fresen consistently reported to the state income from two employers: $150,000 a year from Civica, an architecture design firm for which he did zoning work, and about $30,000 a year from the Florida Legislature. Both employers withheld federal taxes.
At issue is additional income Fresen earned as a self-employed consultant for Neighborhood Strategies for which he didn't pay taxes — and now appears to have low-balled the figures to the state.
Consider 2008, when Fresen reported $25,000 in personal consulting income — but the IRS says he owes $56,433, more than twice as much, in back taxes. The owed tax figures do not include penalties and interest.
For 2011, the year for which Fresen pleaded guilty in Miami federal court Wednesday to failing to file a tax return, the IRS says he owes $30,324 in back taxes. In his state disclosure, however, Fresen claimed $45,000 in income from Neighborhood Strategies. That would amount to an impossibly high tax rate of 67 percent. The highest federal income tax rate is about 39 percent.
Similarly, in 2013, Fresen reported $40,000 in income — but he owes $35,714 in back taxes, which would amount to an 89 percent tax rate. The same is true in 2012 — Fresen reported $40,000 in income but owes $22,900 in back taxes, for a rate of 57 percent — and in 2010 — $45,000 in income and $28,605 in back taxes, for a rate of 64 percent.
In 2009, Fresen reported $12,000 in income, but the IRS says he owes $12,949 in back taxes.
In 2014 and 2015, Fresen reported earning $60,000 and $80,000, respectively, from Neighborhood Strategies. His plea agreement doesn't list any unpaid tax bills for those years, apparently because he has already resolved them.
His final state financial disclosure, for 2016, is due July 1.
Former state Rep. Erik Fresen, center, enters the federal courthouse in Miami with his attorneys Wednesday morning. C.M. GUERRERO cmguerrero@elnuevoherald.com
Labor Secretary Acosta resigns amid Epstein plea deal controversy
Julie K. Brown responds to Secretary Acosta
Trump administration says its new regulation barring taxpayer-funded family planning clinics from making abortion referrals is taking effect immediately.
State agrees to let abolished MDX remain to pay employees
Florida senators call Miami-Dade monorail plan 'alarming' over ties to China
Epstein accusers finally face him in court; safe held passport with his photo, fake name


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Congressman: Remove Confederate traces from West Point
A Cadet listens during a commencement ceremony for the Class of 2020 on the parade field at the United States Military Academy in West Point, N.Y., June 13. (Alex Brandon/AP)
WEST POINT, N.Y. — The U.S. Military Academy has been asked again to rename buildings honoring Confederate officers like Robert E. Lee by the Democratic congressman who represents the area.
Rep. Sean Patrick Maloney sent a letter co-signed by 21 other members of Congress to the secretaries of the U.S. Army and the Department of Defense on Thursday saying there shouldn't be facilities at West Point named for those who "betrayed their Country during the Civil War."
"It is because of that deep respect for the school and its mission, we believe we must correct the hurtful and outdated practice of honoring at West Point certain Americans who engaged in armed rebellion against the United States in support of racism and slavery," read the letter.
SECDEF and Army secretary open to renaming posts named for Confederate generals
"The secretary of the Army is open to a bi-partisan discussion on the topic," said an Army spokesman.
The letter did not provide examples, but West Point has a cadet barracks and a gate named for Lee, the Confederate general who is one of the academy's most famous graduates. Lee also served as West Point's superintendent.
Maloney had sought the barracks name change before, but the issue has become more prominent since George Floyd's death spurred an intense reexamination of statues of historical figures, as well as streets and buildings named for them. Two Congress members in New York City this month requested that Stonewall Jackson Drive and General Lee Avenue at an Army installation in Brooklyn be renamed.
Similar calls have been made to rename U.S. military bases that bear the names of Confederate officers, an effort that President Donald Trump opposes but has some support among Republicans in Congress.
A Department of Defense spokesperson had no comment Friday and said they would respond directly to Maloney. Emails seeking comment were also sent to the Army and West Point.
West PointU.S. Military AcademyConfederate ontroversyhonoring Confederate generalsPatrick MaloneyDonald Trumpbases named after Confederate generals


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SBTC Disaster Relief teams serve Austin's homeless
by Jane Rodgers/TEXAN, posted Monday, December 09, 2019 (one month ago)
Photo by Ronnie Roark.
AUSTIN, Texas (BP) -- Residents at Austin's new 5-acre homeless encampment near Austin's international airport may have been uprooted from familiar surroundings under the city's 17 overpasses, but they are not going hungry, thanks to volunteers from various charities and faith-based groups, including Southern Baptists of Texas Convention Disaster Relief.
Acting on orders from Gov. Greg Abbott, Texas Department of Transportation crews began clearing Austin homeless camps in early November, a response to the city's relaxation of ordinances prohibiting sleeping and camping in public spaces. Read More
SBTC annual meeting highlights Who's Your One
by Jane Rodgers/Southern Baptist TEXAN, posted Tuesday, November 05, 2019 (2 months ago)
Southern Baptist TEXAN photo
ODESSA, Texas (BP) -- The Southern Baptists of Texas Convention (SBTC) emphasized the urgency of evangelism and passed resolutions on racial reconciliation, sexual misconduct and mental health at its annual meeting Oct. 28-29 at First Baptist Church of Odessa, Texas.
The Southern Baptist Convention's evangelism outreach "Who's Your One?" was the theme for the group's 22 annual meeting, which featured Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary President Adam Greenway and International Mission Board President Paul Chitwood as guest preachers. Read More
SBC Digest: Greenway addresses Baptists in Texas; Spurgeon College's first-ever basketball game
by By SBC Seminaries Staff, posted Thursday, October 31, 2019 (2 months ago)
SWBTS photo
Adam W. Greenway addresses Baptists in Texas; Spurgeon College holds its first-ever basketball game
Greenway calls for cooperation at SBTC meeting
By Alex Sibley
ODESSA, Texas (BP) -- "If there was ever a time where we must come together for the sake of reaching Texas and America and the world with the Gospel of Jesus Christ, it is now," said Adam W. Greenway, president of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, during his sermon address at the annual meeting of the Southern Baptists of Texas Convention in Odessa, Texas. Read More
SBTC-ERLC partnership provides help on sex abuse
by Tom Strode, posted Friday, October 25, 2019 (2 months ago)
Karen Race Photography
NASHVILLE (BP) -- Baptists in Texas received the benefit earlier this month of an alliance between the Southern Baptists of Texas Convention (SBTC) and Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission in the effort to educate churches about sexual abuse prevention.
The SBTC partnered with the ERLC to make the ERLC's national conference -- "Caring Well: Equipping the Church to Confront the Abuse Crisis" -- one of the opportunities for sexual abuse awareness training for members of its churches. Seventy-seven pastors and volunteers from SBTC churches participated in the conference Oct. 3-5 in Grapevine, Texas. Read More
Shane Pruitt named NAMB next gen evangelism director
by Mike Ebert, posted Thursday, October 17, 2019 (3 months ago)
Photo provided by Shane Pruitt.
ALPHARETTA, Ga. -- Shane Pruitt, an evangelist, Bible teacher and director of evangelism for the Southern Baptists of Texas Convention, has been named director of next gen (generation) evangelism for the North American Mission Board (NAMB).
"My prayer is to see a movement of God and a revival among students," Pruitt said. "I want to continue to preach to the next generation and help churches think through how to reach them." Read More
Hurricane Harvey: 'Still working to rebuild'
by Bonnie Pritchett/TEXAN Correspondent, posted Thursday, September 19, 2019 (4 months ago)
File photo by Jane Rodgers/TEXAN
GRAPEVINE, Texas (BP)-- As U.S. and international aid agencies pour resources into the Bahama Islands and eastern United States in the wake of Hurricane Dorian, some southeast Texas homeowners still await relief from the devastation wrought by Hurricane Harvey two years ago, according to Southern Baptists of Texas Convention pastors in the region.
SBTC field ministry strategists Dennis Parrish and Sonny Hathaway serve Southeast Texas communities where Harvey damaged or destroyed 738,000 homes and 25-30 SBC churches, and more than 30 pastors' homes. Read More
TX passes bill to shield churches that report abusers
by Diana Chandler, posted Thursday, May 23, 2019 (8 months ago)
AUSTIN, Texas (BP) -- The Texas Legislature unanimously passed a bill initiated by Southern Baptists to provide civil immunity to churches that disclose credible sex abuse allegations.
The Texas Senate passed House Bill 4345 late yesterday (May 22) without opposition, two weeks after the House approved the measure. The bill is written to protect charitable organizations, their volunteers and independent contractors from liability when disclosing credible allegations to prospective employers, even when no criminal charges have been filed against the accused. Read More
TX reps OK bill for churches to report sex predators
by Diana Chandler, posted Friday, May 10, 2019 (8 months ago)
iStock photo
AUSTIN, Texas (BP) -- The Texas House of Representatives has passed a bill shielding from civil liability churches that disclose credible sexual abuse allegations -- but the bill has only 17 days to pass the Senate this legislative session.
Representatives May 8 unanimously approved House Bill 4345, assigned today (May 10) to the Senate State Affairs committee. The House bill would protect charitable organizations, their volunteers and independent contractors from liability when disclosing such information to prospective employers, even when no criminal charges have been filed against the accused. A May 7 amendment extended protection to independent contractors, previously not included. Read More
Texas conv. removes church with sex offender pastor
by Art Toalston, posted Thursday, May 09, 2019 (8 months ago)
sbtc logo
GALVESTON, Texas (BP) -- A San Antonio church has been removed from the Southern Baptists of Texas Convention for retaining a pastor listed on the Texas Public Sex Offender Registry.
The action involving New Spirit Baptist Church was taken by the SBTC's Executive Board during an April 22-23 meeting in Galveston, the Southern Baptist TEXAN reported May 2. Read More
Sexual abuse policy approved for SBTC affiliation
by Southern Baptist TEXAN Staff, posted Thursday, April 04, 2019 (9 months ago)
GRAPEVINE, Texas (BP) -- The executive committee of the Southern Baptists of Texas Convention's Executive Board has approved a policy related to sexual abuse and affiliated churches, the Southern Baptist TEXAN reported April 4.
Based on an interpretation of the SBTC's faith statement, the Baptist Faith and Message 2000, the policy would disallow new or continued affiliation by a church whose senior pastor has been convicted of sexual abuse of a child. The policy also prohibits new or continued affiliation by a church that is found to be "indifferent in their response to child sexual abuse." Read More
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After-school mentoring programs aimed at at-risk youths are nothing new, but putting a fresh – and decidedly Las Vegas-style spin – on the idea, is the Social CirKISH program.
The brainchild of Matthew Frazier, Executive Director of the John C. Kish Foundation, Social CirKISH was founded to promote self-esteem and social interaction. Created to enhance the emotional, physical, psychological, mental, and social development of students, the program explores and teaching circus exercises and acts that require teamwork and collaboration, by encouraging risk-taking activities, in a safe and nurturing environment.
There are actually two programs within the Social CirKISH – Elementary, that runs 12 weeks and meets for twice-weekly one-hour workshops; and High School, that runs nine weeks and meets for twice-weekly two-hour workshops.
Social CirKISH's first Student Showcase was just held at Ham Hall on the UNLV campus, and I'll admit that after seeing Cirque du Soleil's The Beatles LOVE, at The Mirage, on Thursday; and Le Rêve at Wynn, on Friday; I was a bit skeptical (okay, fine… bitter, jaded, over it, what-have-you…) about what I'd be seeing, on Saturday. But I've gotta hand it to those kids and their trainers – they not only performed beautifully, in tandem, doing things I'd never consider doing; but put a smile on my face and drew my sincere applause and admiration.
Also, it was delightful to attend an event that was completely underwritten by an organization that wasn't asking for a donation. Don't get me wrong. Social CirKISH is working to get their 501(c)3 status from the IRS (independent from the Kish Foundation's) and like most non-profits is delighted to receive a donation; but this Showcase was decidedly not a fundraiser. There was no guest-list, no seating chart, and no sucking-up. Just a bunch of brightly costumed kids, enjoying themselves, showing what they'd learned. And that made getting-up and schlepping across town (after grooving to Kaskade at XS, until the wee hours) totally worth it.


Ruth Anzola joined Tile-It Industries, Inc. (an Interior Logic Group Subsidiary) as the HR Manager as of May 30th, 2016. She has a wealth of knowledge and experience and learning is a passion of hers. Tile-It has been operating as International Tile & Stone for 20+ years and recently merged with Interior Logic Group as a Subsidiary. There are 3 locations in Florida: Daytona Beach, Ft. Myers, & Bradenton. They are growing and have hired Ruth to head up Human Resources for all the Florida location as they are expecting to continue to grow with just over 150 employees at this time.
Ruth is both PHR and SHRM – CP certified in Human Resources. Additionally, she obtained her undergraduate degree in Criminal Justice/Forensic Psychology and holds dual Master's degrees in Human Resources Management and Organizational Psychology & Development. She was previously working for Sparton in Deleon Springs, FL where she supported over 500 employees as their HR Generalist for the last 2 years. Prior to that she was the Corporate Human Resources Generalist at Halifax Media Group (now a Gatehouse Media company) supporting 33+ locations with 3,000+ employees. She has a passion for what she does. She finds ways to balance the needs of the employer with the needs of employees to make sure all levels understand how they play a part in reaching the company vision, mission, and goals. She has overcome several obstacles but perseverance and determination have made her successful.
Al Truesdell is the Legislative Chair for the Volusia/Flagler SHRM Chapter. He has practiced in the area of labor and employment law for 22 years. Al provides regular updates to the chapter on the latest developments in employment law that impact human resource professionals and employers. He also meets with local lawmakers in Tallahassee when the Legislature is in session to discuss current employment law bills.
Al has litigated all types of employment law cases in state and federal courts and before various administrative agencies. His cases have included age, gender, race and disability discrimination, sexual harassment, wage-and-hour, civil rights, medical leave, non-compete agreements, and defamation claims. In addition, Al helps employers avoid litigation by providing counseling on the best ways to handle employee discipline, termination, employee handbooks, employment agreements, medical leave, and other issues that arise in the work place. Al has advised both large and small businesses in the private sector, as well as city governments and school boards. He has a unique perspective given that he has experience representing employees as well as employers. In addition to providing advice and litigating cases, Al has presented numerous training seminars to various employers.
In his spare time, Al's interests include music, movies, news and politics, and college football. (He is a Gator). He especially enjoys playing drums in a classic rock band. Prior to law school, Al was a journalist covering legal issues for the Orlando Sentinel.
Kahlin Grant is a recruitment marketer with strong social media tendencies and has 11 years of professional experience in recruiting, marketing, social media, communications and event management. Kahlin is the Talent Acquisition Manager with Synergy Billing, a homegrown business recently named in Inc. 5000's fastest growing companies in the nation and a GrowFL "Company to Watch". She is a native of Daytona Beach and graduated from the University of Central Florida with her Bachelor's Degree in Journalism in 2007 before relocating back to the area. In 2015 Kahlin was honored as the Young Professional of the Year by the Volusia Young Professionals Group and Daytona Regional Chamber of Commerce and has been featured in the Volusia/Flagler Business Report's "40 Under 40 in Business" section as well as "Influential Women in Business". Kahlin has been the Marketing Chair for the Volusia Young Professionals Group for the past four years, the media chair for the Junior League of Daytona Beach, social media chair for Making Strides Against Breast Cancer and previously was the social media chair for the Daytona Leadership program. Kahlin is married to Tyler Grant, VIP Equity Manager with Gary Yeomans Ford and together they have a 1-year-old son, Kyler.


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Man who has never paid for an album in his life outraged by price of tickets to live shows
by Davywavy 4 years ago
A man who has free-streamed every single piece of music he's ever listened to simply cannot understand why artists charge so much for live shows, it has emerged.
34-year-old Simon Williams says that the prices charged by his favourite bands are 'taking the piss' and he can't understand why they're 'ripping off the fans' in that way.
"I've supported these guys all my life but they must think I'm made of money asking what they are for a gig," he said in an aggrieved, disbelieving tone.
"I've streamed all their albums – sometimes even the leaks before they're properly released – and I play them all the time and this is how they repay me?
"They should show gratitude to their true fans like me by making their performances much cheaper.
"If only there were some way bands could be persuaded to start selling gig tickets for a tenner or so like they did twenty years ago when everyone paid actual money for their records."
Simon has confirmed that when he told the person running the merch stall that £15 was a rip off for a tour t-shirt he was instructed to fuck right off.
Posted on 28th January


I'm linking up with Blog Hoppin' to share a technology tip!
Towards the end of the the last school year, I discovered this really cool website called Tizmos. It's a kid (and teacher) friendly visual bookmarking site. It captures visual images of websites so members can access their bookmarks from any computer. As a teacher, all you need to do is add the websites your students frequent to the Tizmos homepage. Then, when your students want to go to a particular website, all they need to do is click on the image. It's that easy! Here is a screenshot of what my Tizmos homepage looks like. My students were always able to find the sites they needed without my assistance.
I received an email from the Tizmos crew, letting me know that they are improving their screenshotting capability so all of our thumbnails are available. That is great because, as you can see in my images, there is one game that does not have a thumbnail. They also said that they are designing a premium version that will have some pretty fancy features. I am really looking forward to getting more information about this!
I hope you like Tizmos as much as I do!
I try very hard to respond to every comment I receive and I'm still finding lots of no-reply bloggers. If your email is not associated with your blogger, then you cannot receive emails from bloggers. For step-by-step directions on how how to fix this issue, you can click here. Don't forget to leave a comment on THAT post so I can check to see if you have fixed your settings properly. If you don't hear from me, then it probably wasn't fixed. Oh, one more thing! Kinder-Craze has a really good tutorial on how to disable the word verification box that pops up when people try to leave comments on many blogs. Most bloggers don't even realize that this is happening. There are so many times I want to leave a comment and then the pesky box opens up and I literally click right out of that person's blog. Please, please, please, click here to get rid of that box once and for all. Thanks so much from me and every other blogger who finds it almost impossible to read the letters and numbers in that annoying little pop up!
Tizmos is fabulous! Thanks so much for sharing it with us! This will be perfect for bookmarking online math games for my math centers!
Lori, I really appreciate all thehelp you give to new bloggers. Thanks for the information. I'll have to check Tizmos out. Hopefully our school website won't have it blocked!
Thanks again Lori for always sharing such great ideas. I've always used sqworl to bookmark websites, I've never heard of Tizmos. It sounds like it has more of what I will need. YOU ROCK (as always)!!!!
Thanks, Lori! I'm excited to check out Tizmos and get it set up for my kiddos this year.
That is awesome! I am definitely trying this out.
I've never heard of that site! Can't wait to try it! Thanks for sharing!
Never heard of Tizmos, but what an awesome idea. I'll definitely be looking into that. Thanks!
This is great! I am going to go check out Tizmos.
Come on over and linkup your technology tips!


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The Standard Group Plc is a multi-media organization with investments in media platforms spanning newspaper print operations, television, radio broadcasting, digital and online services. The Standard Group is recognized as a leading multi-media house in Kenya with a key influence in matters of national and international interest.
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Raila Odinga: A presidency so near, yet so far
By Standard Team | 4mos ago
Former Prime Minister Raila Odinga. [File, Standard]
Very little was known of Raila Odinga before the failed coup of 1982. Only his subsequent arrest made Kenyans curious about this rabble-rouser. Those who knew him say he was a quiet man who rarely talked even during key political meetings.
Raila has a greater-than-life persona with a devoted following that can sacrifice anything for him. And over the years, he has always brought up the unexpected. Populary known as "Agwambo", Luo for "The Mystery", is the master of surprises and king of unpredictability.
It wasn't, however, always like this. Political analyst Amukowa Anangwe knew Raila back in 1979 when the ODM leader was working at the Kenya Bureau of Standards.
But that was just the beginning of their relationship. They worked together in Kanu National Executive Committee in the 90s when Raila started cooperating with President Daniel arap Moi.
"When I first met Raila in the late 1970s, he was generally a quiet person," recalls Prof Anangwe. "Even in meetings we were engaging in, Raila never uttered a word. He was a quiet person who looked pensive; he is there physically but mentally he was not there. That was the impression I got of him."
In 1978, Raila must have been 33, and living under the domineering political shadow of his father, former Vice-President Jaramogi Oginga Odinga. He was dedicated to work and business.
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The stage of political titans in the late 80s was run by formidable forces among them Jaramogi, Koigi wa Wamwere, George Anyona among others.
Former Vice-President Jaramogi Oginga Odinga (left) with his son Raila Odinga (right). [File, Standard]
In the early 90s Kenneth Matiba, Charles Rubia, Masinde Muliro, Gitobu Imanyara, Paul Muite, Prof Kivutha Kibwana, Raila Odinga, Martha Karua, Prof Peter Anyang' Nyong'o among other young Turks burst into the scene pushing for multiparty democracy.
However, like a wave violently crashing the shore, Raila's persona had come to the national stage after he was arrested after the 1982 attempted coup.
Isolated troublemaker
At the time of his arrest and detention, the only details about him were that he was Jaramogi's son. The public lacked the image or voice of a man paraded as an enemy of the people. "When I looked at the Raila I knew in the late 70s and the Raila linked to the coup attempt, I couldn't believe it," says Anangwe.
"Raila was one of the less conspicuous people at the time. When they mentioned him in 1982, he came out as an isolated troublemaker and not someone with a clear cause," says political analyst Barrack Muluka.
By the end of the decade, little was heard about Raila. While he served six years in detention his friction with the government reverberated across the country, especially in Luo Nyanza.
Released in February 1988, Raila was again arrested in September for pro-democracy and human rights campaigns in a period when Kenyans were silenced by the government's iron fist. "We didn't seem to hear much about him after he was released. The focus was still on his father," recalls Dr Muluka.
His brush with the government and the little information that leaked to the public on who he really was were created a sense of mystery around him.
Still, Raila was not making headlines, neither was he the talk in town. At the time, other political players like Dr Willie Mutunga were trying to reshape the system and pushing for political reforms.
Raila would flee to Norway after, he writes, learning of a plot to assassinate him. It was just four months after he was released from his third and last detention from 1990 to 1991.
Multi-party in Kenya
A year before his return, Section 2 (a) of the constitution had been repealed making Kenya a multiparty state by law. The Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD) was the first opposition party, headed by his father Jaramogi Oginga Odinga.
Martha Karua exiting court with Raila Odinga, James Orengo and other political leaders, October 1991. [File, Standard]
In August 1992, internal power struggles led to the split of the party into two FORD-Asili (led by Kenneth Matiba) and FORD-Kenya (led by Oginga Odinga).
At the age of 47, Raila ran for the Lang'ata parliamentary seat on a FORD-Kenya ticket in 1992- the victory was his start button in active politics a decade after his name greeted the ears of the masses.
Following the death of Jaramogi in 1994, a power struggle began for almost two years between Raila and the then FORD Kenya Chairman Kijana Wamalwa. Wamalwa would become a vice president in 2002 and die in August 2003 in London undergoing medical treatment. "When Jaramogi died, he wanted to grab power unprocedurally. So, they are having a delegates' meeting in Thika and a confrontation ensues on who should succeed his father," remembers Anangwe.
"Raila felt he was the right person to take over the party," says Muluka.
Wamalwa beat Odinga in the contentious party elections marred with violence, precipitating a devastating tribal split within the party seeing Raila leave the party with a sizeable number of members of parliaments (mostly from Luo Nyanza) and joining the National Development Party of Kenya (NDP).
Raila resigns as Langata MP
Raila took another bold move which Muluka argues defined Raila as "a bold person who knew what he wanted and was willing to pay the price for what he believed was right."
Says Muluka: "Raila left the party and resigned from his position as Langata MP to run again in a by-election. That one act is what defined him. He was the first person to do that and not even a handful of politicians have done that till today."
However, battling it out in NDP for the Langata seat was also still the first round of Raila exerting his dominance and cultivating his image as a political "big boy". With his reputation growing across the country, Raila's next task was to ensure he rose to the throne of influence in Nyanza.
"It was not an easy matter for him to become what he is now in Luo Nyanza. At the time he had to dislodge the powerful Kisumu Mayor Akinyi Oile from that position," recalls Muluka.
Once the Nyanza throne was secured and Oile dislodged from his throne, Raila ran for the presidency in 1997 coming third with 665,725 votes behind former Presidents Daniel Arap Moi and Mwai Kibaki. "He was still a junior politician and nobody took his candidature seriously apart from those in Luo Nyanza," says Muluka.
Former Prime Minister Raila Odinga. [Denish Ochieng, Standard]
Moi and Raila cooperation
But the former prime minister was serious and his next moves proved that he would do anything to rise above the ranks and get to the top office in government. In 2000, two years ahead of the general elections, Raila's NDP started cooperating with Kanu, a move that saw three NDP MPs join President Moi's cabinet thus inaugurating the first coalition cabinet in the country's history.
"His quest for power has no limits. He wants more of it and he will circumvent constraints to the realisation of the same. When he joined Kanu, his agenda was the same as he is doing it with Uhuru now; to get close to the power so that he can be facilitated to be president," says Prof Anangwe.
In his stint in Kanu, Raila's eyes were fixed on succeeding President Moi and as the party's Secretary-General, his gamble on joining Kanu failed to pay off after the former president chose Uhuru Kenyatta (then a businessman) to succeed him as the party leader and Kanu's presidential flag bearer in the 2002 general elections.
The ODM leader would leave Kanu with a host of influential politicians such as Kalonzo Musyoka, Najib Balala, Moody Awori and the late Prof George Saitoti. They would go to form the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) which would team up with the Mwai Kibaki-led National Alliance Party to form the National Rainbow Coalition which brought down Kanu's 40-year-old rule.
Government of national unity
In the Kibaki government, Raila would secure a cabinet seat as Minister for Roads. He would later lead a rebellion against the Narc government after President Kibaki failed to honour an MoU that called for a new constitution within 100 days of his government.
This form of partnership and walkout would underscore the coming years of Raila's quest for power as he agreed to take the position of Prime Minister following the violence that followed the 2007 elections and led to a coalition government.
Prof Anangwe offers another glimpse of an enigma of a man who always carries something under his sleeves. "Raila has a split personality. There is the quiet one where he lies low and non-controversial when he is powerless, but he is a different person when he has power. At that time, he is very aggressive, very intolerant, uncompromising and he would use other people to climb but towards the end, he ascribes the power to himself," says Prof Anangwe.
Former Prime Minister Raila Odinga. [David Njaaga, Standard]
His successive strategies have seen him bringing together powerful coalitions: Coalition for Reforms and Democracy (CORD) in 2013 and National Super Alliance (NASA) in 2017 with the help of his long-time allies; Wiper leader Kalonzo Musyoka, Amani National Congress leader (ANC) Musalia Mudavadi and Ford-Kenya Leader Moses Wetangula.
However, power struggles within NASA would dent the Union finally leading to a falling out in 2021 where Mudavadi and Wetangula moved to team up with Raila's top competitor Deputy President William Ruto ahead of the 2022 general elections.
Kalonzo says Raila betrayed him
Kalonzo accused Raila of betraying him by failing to honour an MoU between him and the ODM chief that would have seen Raila support Kalonzo for the presidency in 2022.
In 2018, Raila came together with his political nemesis President Uhuru in an event that left many of his closest allies bamboozled when he shook hands with President Uhuru Kenyatta on May 9, 2018, in a rapprochement that has come to be known as the "handshake".
"Right now, you are seeing he is very malleable, he is saying he is going to follow Uhuru's footsteps. Don't buy it. Wait until he gets power, that's when Uhuru will know who Raila is," argues Anangwe.
One thing is for sure - Raila Odinga will keep on popping up surprises.
Even after four decades on the political scene, what cannot be argued is that Raila is a political titan and when you think you have decoded the man, he lives up to his name; Agwambo.
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Q: CSS 3 Panel Liquid layout content spacing I have a great working 3 panel liquid layout but I just noticed that a problem with it.
When there is a div with a float:left and another div below with clear:both, all the divs below the cleared div get pushed all the way down to the height of the right column. Sorry is a huge space between Section 1 and Section 2.
You can see the code here.
jsfiddle.net/QbSsb/
Is there a workout to this or a 3 panel liquid layout?
Thanks in advance,
Susan

A: the simple answer is instead of clear: both; just use clear: left; that's why they have clear left, right and both

A: Use this one for your clear separator

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


At CARE, we install wheelchair lifts (sometimes called platform lifts) for home entry and floor to floor accessibility.
Our lifts come with an array of options and weight lifting capacities and can be installed for either indoor or outdoor use. Vertical wheelchair lifts are used to access the home where a porch or stoop is present and a wheelchair ramp is not feasible due to space constraints. Inclined wheelchair lifts are used on stairways for floor to floor access for the wheelchair bound, allowing the freedom to once again use the entire home.