text:
"We had to make several supply runs into San Francisco," said Nathan, putting his hand on my shoulder. "Putting together a lab this size—we're three times larger than the bowling alley now, so we would have been forced to move even if not for the quarantine, just because we couldn't fit in the available space anymore—meant gathering equipment from anyplace we could. I made a few extracurricular stops while we were there."
"You could have been killed," I said automatically, still staring at the impossible garden.
"I know." Nathan took his hand off my shoulder and stepped past me, walking toward the vast wooden edifice that was our bed. I stayed where I was, unsure of what to do next, until he looked over his shoulder, smiled a little, and said, "Come over here. Please."
I bit my lip and nodded before walking across the room and sitting down on the edge of the mattress. The frame looked like it had been stolen from the same Ikea as the desk, and had drawers built into its base, providing more storage space. Beverly leapt up in a single easy bound, curling up next to me and dropping her head onto my knee like her skull had suddenly become the heaviest thing in the world. Minnie climbed up, using a set of steps fashioned from an old milk crate. She stretched out at my back, providing a warm, furry bolster.
"I thought you were dead," said Nathan, without any more prevarication or pausing. "We lost you in that parking lot, and we knew that USAMRIID had you. Mom has some contacts in the military—not enough to break the quarantine, and don't think that they wouldn't betray her in a second if they thought they could take her—and she contacted them within the hour, saying that one of her lab technicians had been taken. They got back to her a week later, reporting that someone of your description had been there, but had been abducted by a person or persons unknown. Then they started asking her some fairly pointed questions, since whoever took you had killed a bunch of their men in the process."
"That was Ronnie," I said. "He's one of Sherman's chimera. He has impulse control problems."
Nathan blinked slowly. "Impulse control problems don't usually come with a body count."
"From Ronnie, they do. He's frustrated and angry, and I don't think he likes humans very much." We'd never really talked about it. I hadn't wanted to upset him, not when I was trying so hard to get him to like me. Seeing Nathan's frown deepen, I added, "What he did was wrong, but he's the one who got me out of Sherman's compound thingy, so I'm not really inclined to throw stones, you know? I owe him."
To my great relief, Nathan nodded. "I owe him, too. He gave you back to me. But at the time, the news that you'd been kidnapped by people who didn't care who they hurt… it was terrifying, Sal. We all knew that you were dead, or dissected, or worse. I kept Mom looking for you. I couldn't stop. Stopping would have meant admitting defeat, and if that happened…" He took a deep, shaky breath. "I thought about killing myself. I decided not to, simply because I knew that I had work to do, and I knew that my death would do nothing to clear my family name. But I didn't have anything left to live for."
I bit my lip again. The world had ended while I'd been sitting in my nicely gilded cage. There was just one factor unaccounted for… "Your father?" I asked.
Nathan shook his head. "He stopped answering calls shortly after the primary outbreak started. He lived in Orange County, in a very densely populated area, and all the CDC and USAMRIID maps we've been able to purloin have shown high sleepwalker activity in that area. If he's alive, it's a miracle, and I'm not holding out much hope for miracles just now."
"I'm so sorry." The words weren't enough. Words never were. They were all I had to offer him.
"He was a good man, and he had a good life. I think he'd be happy to know I found Mom again, and that we're at least trying to be a family. I know he'd be happy to hear that I found you again, that we somehow went through this horrible thing and wound up in the same place." Nathan reached out and cupped my cheek with one hand. "He liked you a lot, you know. He used to ask me when you'd be his daughter."
"I already said I'd marry you," I said, blinking back tears.
"Fishy's ordained," said Nathan. "I think it would be a Jedi wedding—"
I couldn't help myself. I broke out in giggles at the very idea.
Nathan smiled. "This is where we live now. This is where we're going to find a way to save the world. Do you need anything?"
"Sleep," I admitted. "Ronnie knocked me out before he moved me to the house where you found me, but that wasn't real sleep, and I had…" The teenage sleepwalker, all life gone from her eyes, reaching for me out of the pure, desperate need to survive. "… I had a hard day. I just want to sleep."
"Okay." Nathan leaned forward and kissed my forehead before he started shrugging out of his lab coat. "I could use a nap."
I didn't say it, but I was grateful that he was staying with me. Good as it was to see my dogs again, I didn't want to be alone.
It didn't take me long to be ready for bed—all I had to do was squirm out of my bloody clothes, which Nathan whisked away and dropped into a sealed, dog-proof hamper. It took him a little longer, since he was somewhat more properly dressed. When we were both naked, we stopped and just looked at each other, me tracing the new starkness of his ribs and pallor of his arms and chest, where his slight tan had faded back to his natural light brown skin tone, him studying the bruises on my arms, legs, and side, all the snipped-off bits of skin and the tracks left behind by Sherman's needles. I was white as a ghost after a month without seeing the sun, and when he came to me, I felt like paper pressed against stone, devoid of anything but emptiness.


text:
Celebrity photos: May 8, 2013
By Page Six Team
May 8, 2013 | 4:00am
1	of 17
Jenna Fischer attends an event to promote Broadway's "Reasons To Be Happy" at MTC Rehearsal Studios in New York City.
Jessica Biel arrives at her hotel in New York City's East Village.
Bauer-Griffin
Kerry Washington out and about in Manhattan.
Buzz Foto
FOX's Erin Andrews goes shopping at Michael Kors in Beverly Hills.
Pacific Coast News
Steve Carell on the set of "Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues" in Atlanta.
Blake Shelton stayed stylish while filming "The Voice" wearing Robert Graham's Bitter End Sport Shirt.
NBCU Photo Bank
Shakira makes an appearance on "Extra" at The Grove in Los Angeles, Calif.
Amanda Seyfried leaves her New York City apartment to catch a flight out of JFK.
Alexia Fast looks pretty in pink while promoting her new movie "Blackbird" in Toronto.
Emilia Clarke signs autographs for fans after leaving the Met Ball in New York.
Cameron Diaz on the set of "The Other Woman" in New York City.
BuzzFoto
Robin Givens out and about in midtown Manhattan.
ZUMA Press
Marion Cotillard arrives at her hotel in the East Village section of New York.
Eva Longoria on the set of "Extra" at The Grove in Los Angeles.
Startraks
Blake Lively during a photoshoot for Lucky Magazine in New York.
Megan Fox on the set of "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" in New York.
The women of "Fast & Furious 6" -- (from left) Michelle Rodriguez, Gal Gadot, Elsa Pataky, Gina Carano and Jordana Brewster -- attend the world premiere at Empire Leicester Square in London.
Nicole Scherzinger and boyfriend Thom Evans are Instagram's steamiest couple
Best star snaps of the week: Dua Lipa, J. Lo, Jamie Foxx and more
Julia Louis-Dreyfus through the years: The 'Seinfeld' star's life in pictures
See More Galleries

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After the success of Dolphin Tale, what can Winter the tailless bottlenose do for a movie encore?
She can give audiences a little Hope.
Warner Bros. announced late Tuesday that Dolphin Tale 2 is slated to be released in theaters on Sept. 19, 2014, although the project hasn't been officially greenlighted by its production company, Alcon Entertainment.
"I believe before we know for certain that we're making the movie, we're still probably 10 days away," said Alcon's co-CEO Andrew Kosove from Los Angeles. "We're very, very close."
The sequel would focus on an orphaned Atlantic bottlenose named Hope, who lives with Winter at the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, which would again serve as a primary filming location.
Kosove said Wednesday that the project is in early stages of development with principal cast members including Harry Connick Jr., Ashley Judd and Oscar winner Morgan Freeman in advanced negotiations to return. Dolphin Tale director Charles Martin Smith is already signed for the sequel, this time working with a screenplay he wrote. Filming would begin in late October or early November.
Like Winter's movie debut, the plot of Dolphin Tale 2 is a fictionalized account of real-life events. Dolphin Tale centered on Winter's rescue in 2005, the subsequent loss of her tail and its replacement with a prosthetic.
During Dolphin Tale's wrap party in December 2010, aquarium officials received word that another injured dolphin calf had been recovered on Florida's east coast, near the same lagoon where Winter was saved from entanglement in a crab trap. The dolphin, later named Hope, was transported to Clearwater Marine Aquarium, where she recovered and now resides.
The notion of a sequel to Dolphin Tale was floated soon after the movie's debut weekend in 2011 when it sold $19.1 million in tickets, finishing a close third behind The Lion King's reissue and Brad Pitt in Moneyball. In its second week of release, Dolphin Tale leaped to the top of the box office chart, a Hollywood rarity.
Dolphin Tale proceeded to gross $72.3 million at North American box offices — nearly double its reported $37 million budget — plus another $23 million overseas and $24 million in domestic DVD sales. Kosove said nearly another $100 million was spent to market Dolphin Tale worldwide.
Kosove said the sequel's proposed budget is similar to the original's, and unlike Dolphin Tale it would not be filmed in 3-D.
Over 55 production days in 2010, Dolphin Tale pumped nearly $17 million into state coffers, including paychecks totaling slightly more than $7.5 million for nearly 1,300 Floridians working as crew members, actors and extras. The rest was spent on equipment rentals, hotel accommodations, catering and other production expenses.
Thanks to Florida's Entertainment Industry Financial Incentive Program offering tax credits to in-state productions, Alcon Entertainment recouped slightly more than $5 million of its expenditures.
However, the incentives program fund totaling $296 million at its 2012 peak is depleted, with all monies claimed by film, television or video game productions around the state. Alcon was hesitant to move forward with Dolphin Tale 2 without assurances of somehow receiving similar financial benefits as before.
To that end, state Sen. Jack Latvala, R-Clearwater, and state Rep. Ed Hooper, R-Clearwater, allocated general revenue funds totaling $5 million to entice Alcon to proceed with production. Gov. Rick Scott didn't veto the allocation using his line-item authority in May, clearing a path for Alcon.
Steve Persall can be reached at [email protected] or (727) 893-8365. Follow @StevePersall on Twitter.
The new film goes straight for the heart, not the head.
A pair of film festivals also bring more cinema to the region.
About two years ago, Joe Karl and his wife, pop and R&B artist Taylor Reed, launched Locals Night to provide a stage for original musicians. It's still here.


text:
Infrastructure looms in Scappoose budget
Anna Del Savio
City Council anticipates upgrades for master plans, sewer treatment plant, sidewalks
The city budget approved June 17 by the Scappoose City Council for the fiscal year starting July 1 includes increased funding for infrastructure projects.
The approved budget anticipates total revenues of $24.6 million, a slight decrease over the prior year, and expenditures of $20.8 million.
Part of the infrastructure work will include updated master plans to guide the city's initiatives. The city's storm drain system master plan was drafted in 1998, while the last water master plan update was in 2001.
The wastewater master plan was drafted by Carollo Engineers in 2018.
The budget includes funding for one new position in the city, which will be a utility/parks worker in the water and wastewater programs. That position brings the city up to 35 employees.
Since hiring Dave Sukau as public works director, the city has made efforts to bring more services in-house, rather than contracting out.
"Under the leadership and mentoring of our Public Works Director, our crew has learned a wide range of new skills that have enhanced their value to the City," wrote Michael Sykes, city manager and budget officer, in the FY19-20 budget message.
In April 2018, the city approved the purchase of a $185,000 used street sweeper. That purchase allowed the city to increase street sweeps and reduce costs. Earlier this month, the City Council approved a lease-to-own $163,000 excavator, and $50,000 is budgeted for the excavator lease for the coming fiscal year.
The city is also poised to begin using funds from a $6 million loan from the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. That loan will be used to upgrade the sewage treatment plant. New equipment will be purchased eventually, but the next fiscal year will likely focus on engineering work for the project.
Anticipating having to pay back that loan, the city has raised sewer rates by 4% on top of a 3% cost of services increase, which also applies to water and stormwater rates. There will also be a $2 monthly increase to stormwater rates.
Sykes also said he anticipates more transportation projects in the coming years.
The 2019-2020 budget includes $100,000 toward sidewalk improvements. The city has also proposed a fuel tax, which residents will vote on in November. If approved, that tax would provide an estimated $300,000 annually for sidewalk improvements in the city.
"I think that's going to be a pretty big program," Sykes said, noting how the lack of sidewalks on many streets pose a safety concern. "It's going to be a slow process" to fix sidewalks, he said.
The budget also includes $106,000 for a new lieutenant position in the Scappoose Police Department. In the current fiscal year, the city had budgeted for an administrative sergeant, but that position didn't prove worthwhile and is currently unstaffed. For the next fiscal year, the city plans to remove that position and replace it with the lieutenant position.
- Scappoose to put fuel tax on November ballot
- CZ Trail signage to reflect area's history
We're talking good stuff at Dahlgren's Do-It-Best
Brought to you by Eric Dahlgren - Dahlgren's Do-It-Best - BUILDING SUPPLY INSIDER
Keep your pets safe this July 4th
INSIDER brought to you by Cathy Cook from All About Pets-Pets INSIDER-animals
Start developing good oral hygiene habits early
Brought to you by Dr. Leigh Ammon - Columbia River Dental - DENTAL SERVICES INSIDER
Combat summer heat with an air conditioner
INSIDER brought to you by Dawn Nelson from Western Heating & Cooling--Heating and Cooling expert in Beaverton and Surrounding Areas--
May is skin cancer awareness month
Check at Dahlgren's Do-It-Best, you may be surprised


text:
Q: Memory efficient 2D bit storage in Ruby (100M items) I want to use a large data structure to represent a bit (0 or 1) or boolean (true/false) in Ruby.
In below example code, I am using a 2D array of size 10^4 * 10^4, to store a boolean data.
require 'get_process_mem'

num = 10000
twod =  Array.new(num) { Array.new(num, false)}
for i in 0..num-1 do
  for j in 0..num-1 do
    twod[i][j] = i>j
  end
end

mem = GetProcessMem.new
puts mem.inspect

The output shows that it uses ~778 MB.
#<GetProcessMem:0x00000078 @mb=777.93359375 @gb=0.7597007751464844 @kb=796604.0 @bytes=0.815722496e9>

I just tried changing the data type to integer in the code, and memory usage reports the same value.
Updated code:
require 'get_process_mem'

num = 10000
twod =  Array.new(num) { Array.new(num, 500)}
for i in 0..num-1 do
  for j in 0..num-1 do
    twod[i][j] = 1000+i+j
  end
end

mem = GetProcessMem.new
puts mem.inspect

Output:
#<GetProcessMem:0x00000078 @mb=777.6015625 @gb=0.7593765258789062 @kb=796264.0 @bytes=0.815374336e9>

I was expecting that boolean array would use less memory than integer array, which does not seem to be the case!
Is there any other optimized way to store bit or boolean values?

A: You can build a byte array in a FFI:Buffer to get good size/performance
https://rubydoc.info/github/ffi/ffi/FFI/Buffer
and do bit operations on each byte:
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'get_process_mem'
require 'ffi'
BIT_OP = {
  get: 1,
  set: 2,
  clear: 3,
}
class BitStore
  attr_accessor :buf, :size
  def initialize(shape) # ex [10000,10000] [10,20,30], etc
    @shp = shape
    @size = 1;
    shape.each do | sz |
      @size *= sz
    end
    @size = max(next8(@size)/8, 8) + 1 # min size needed
    clear = true
    @buf = FFI::Buffer.new(@size,1,clear)
  end
  def max(x,y)
    x > y ? x : y
  end
  def next8(val)
    val % 8 == 0 ? val+8 : ((val / 8).to_i + 1)*8
  end
  def write_buf_to_file(fname)
    fout = File.open(fname, "wb")
    fout.write(@buf.get_bytes(0,@size))
    fout.close
  end
  def check_position(coord_arr)
    if coord_arr.size != @shp.size
      raise "coord_arr size != shape size"
    end
    coord_arr.each_with_index do | coord, i |
      if coord_arr[i] > @shp[i]-1
        raise "coord index out of bounds "
      end
    end
  end
  def get_position(coord_arr)
    position = coord_arr[0]
    (1..coord_arr.size-1).each do | i |
      position += coord_arr[i] * @shp.reverse[i]
    end
    return position
  end
  def bit_op(coord_arr, op)
    check_position(coord_arr)
    position = get_position(coord_arr)
    offset = (position / 8).to_i
    bit_pos = (position % 8)
    bit_val = 1 << bit_pos
    val = @buf.get_string(offset, 1)
    numeric_value = val == "" ? 0 : val.unpack("C")[0]
    case op
    when BIT_OP[:get]
      numeric_value = numeric_value & bit_val
      return numeric_value > 0 ? "set" : "clear"
    when BIT_OP[:set]
      numeric_value = numeric_value | bit_val
    when BIT_OP[:clear]
      numeric_value = numeric_value & (bit_val ^ 0xff)
    end
    @buf.put_string(offset,[numeric_value].pack("C"))
    return ""
  end
end
def main
  begin
    rows = 10000
    cols = 10000
    b = BitStore.new([rows,cols])

    puts "setting [3,0]"
    b.bit_op([3,0],BIT_OP[:set])
    is_set = b.bit_op([3,0],BIT_OP[:get])
    puts is_set

    puts "setting [8000,8000]"
    b.bit_op([8000,8000],BIT_OP[:set])
    is_set = b.bit_op([8000,8000],BIT_OP[:get])
    puts is_set

    puts "clearing [8000,8000]"
    b.bit_op([8000,8000],BIT_OP[:clear])
    is_set = b.bit_op([8000,8000],BIT_OP[:get])
    puts is_set

    mem = GetProcessMem.new
    puts mem.inspect
  rescue NoMemoryError => e
    puts "NoMemoryError"
    p e
    p e.backtrace.inspect
  end
end
main

Memory use is 26MB:
user1@debian10 /home/user1/rubynew > ./pack_testb.rb
setting [3,0]
set
setting [8000,8000]
set
clearing [8000,8000]
clear
#<GetProcessMem:0x000000a0 @mb=26.6953125 @gb=0.02606964111328125 @kb=27336.0 @bytes=0.27992064e8>

The file structure on disk:
b = BitStore.new([7,6])
puts "setting [3,0]"
b.bit_op([3,0],BIT_OP[:set])
is_set = b.bit_op([3,0],BIT_OP[:get])
puts is_set
b.write_buf_to_file("/tmp/the_buf.bin")
system("xxd /tmp/the_buf.bin")

puts "setting [6,5]"
b.bit_op([6,5],BIT_OP[:set])
is_set = b.bit_op([6,5],BIT_OP[:get])
puts is_set
b.write_buf_to_file("/tmp/the_buf.bin")
system("xxd /tmp/the_buf.bin")

setting [3,0]
00000000: 0800 0000 0000 0000 00
setting [6,5]
00000000: 0000 0000 0002 0000 00

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Continuing on with my simple soup series, here is my third soup recipe: Sweet Potato, Chickpea & Spinach Soup. This soup is ridiculously simple, but is so so tasty! I love the natural sweetness in this soup, and although I always feel the need to eat soup with bread, this is one I really enjoy without bread and often have it just with some simple crispy chickpea "croutons" on top. So healthy!
Sweet potatoes are an excellent source of Vitamin A (Beta Carotene) which supports the immune system, skin health, eye sight, healthy bone & cell growth and reproductive health. They also provide a good source of Vitamin C, Manganese, Copper, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6 and many others.
Although this is also a quick 10-minute soup, it does involve left over already cooked sweet potatoes. Left overs are great for whipping up quick soups the next day and I find it much more exciting to transform leftovers into something new, rather than simply eating them the same way I did the day before.
(Optional Chickpea Croutons) Put half of the chickpeas onto a tray or over proof dish and put under the grill to crisp up, shaking every couple of minutes to ensure they crisp up all around. If you have the time, you can make even crispier, yummier chickpea croutons by putting them in a 180 degrees Celcius oven for about 45 minutes, shaking occasionally to ensure crispy on all sides.
At the same time, add half the can of chickpeas, and the cooked sweet potato. Break up the sweet potato in the saucepan with a wooden spoon or fork so it heats through quicker.
Simmer for a few minutes, then add in the spinach and allow it to wilt for about 30 seconds.
Add mixture to a high-speed blender, and blend for about a minute until smooth.
Serve with the crispy chickpea croutons on top, or with bread or enjoy as is!
Loved this soup.. simple quick easy to make. Very tasty!


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The provision of cesspits in the houses of the capital was made compulsory by an Arrêt of the Parlement of Paris at the surprisingly early date of 1533. In 1777 a survey found their existence all but universal; often cesspits were shared between several adjacent proprietors, either dug out immediately at ground level, usually in courtyards, or under basements - the standard rates for emptying differed accordingly. Regulations demanded retaining walls of at least a foot in thickness; they were generally tiled or provided with clay lining, though the problem of leaching was not successfully addressed until the 19th century.
The vidangeurs, cesspit emptiers, usually worked by night. They sometimes just skimmed off the liquid at the top of the cesspit using a system of ladles, buckets, and pulleys, but periodically they were obliged to descend right down into the pits to remove encrusted solid matter with shovels. Due to the inefficiency of fluid retention 18th-century cesspits needed emptying less frequently than those of later years; the great 19th-century hygienist Parent du Châtelet observed that in 1835 cesspits often had to be cleaned once or twice annually whereas in the 18th century the larger pits were cleaned out only once every eight or ten years. Unfortunately for the same reason the build up of noxious fumes was that much greater; the vidangeurs were usually obliged to work in irregular bursts because of the fetid conditions. The ordure then had to be taken by cart or trundled away in barrels, in theory all the way to the voirie at Montfaucon. Not surprisingly, given the conditions under which they laboured, the vidangeurs had a reputation for hard drinking, truculence and malpractice. Police played a cat-and-mouse game trying to catch them illegally dumping: much complain was caused by the use of pierced barrels or "lanternes" which allowed liquid waste to pour off conveniently into the gutter. Regulations promulgated in 1726 and succeeding years laid down in detail how the task was to be completed, including a strict prohibition on diverting to cabarets or eau-de-vie sellers.
Despite their marginal status and frequent confrontations with authority, the cesspool workers were integrated into the guild structure of Paris. In 1776 there were thirty-six master vidangeurs, each of whom was required to produce a chef d'oeuvre (!) and pay a fee of one hundred francs. In 1729 the Parlement of Paris reaffirmed the master cesspool cleaners' monopoly of the trade in Paris. The guild also claimed the right to self-policing and appointed paid inspectors to enforce the rules. However, the occupation continued to attract penniless and inexperienced labourers who undermined the guild's control, often to the detriment of safe practice.
......an operation so important and at the same time so dangerous as that of emptying privies, should not be left to chance. On this operation depends the health and the lives of men, and principally of that class who undertake it: a class so useful, and yet so despised: whose functions are so revolting against nature, and the imminent perils of which render it so deplorable; in fine, a class who hazard their lives to preserve the lives of others, and are exposed every instant to the risk of finding a grave in their laboratory.
How mortifying it is to hear it coolly remarked afterwards, that this class is only composed of porters, accustomed to sell the strength of their shoulders to their fellow citizens, an inhuman and contemptible reflection, which none but base and savage minds could be capable of making; it would be more difficult to change them, than to neutralise the most fetid mass of corruption.
The most practical measure suggested to improve the lot of the cesspit cleaner was the use of a "ventilateur". This device was an airtight structure placed over the entrance to the cesspit, with bellows fitted to force the stagnant air out into the street. Its application was advocated in a paper entitled Observations sur les fosses d'aisance, read and approved by the Academy of Sciences in 1777 and subsequently published as a pamphlet. The authors were Louis-Guillaume Laborie, a member of the College of Pharmacists, Antoine-Alexis Cadet de Vaux (1743-1828) and his associate Antoine-Augustin Parmentier (1737-1813). Cadet de Vaux was a reformer with a gift for publicity, who in 1777 founded the highly successful Journal de Paris to promote his ideas. (In the Revolutionary years he was to be behind the celebrated clearance of the Cimetière des Innocents) The ventilator was not a new invention - privileges had been issued for its use in the 1760s - but the Observations added refinements; the use of quicklime as a disinfectant and the addition of a furnace to encourage the movement and dispersal of gases.
Under the patronage of Lenoir, radical steps were now taken to put the idea into practice. In 1779 a Société du ventilateur was formed with Cadet de Vaux and his father-in-law Charles Delaplace among its associates. Royal letters patent awarded the new company exclusive rights to empty the cesspits of Paris. The guild of vidangeurs was simply swept aside, its members displaced or reduced to employees of the company. (Exact timing is a little confused: Reid puts this initiative in 1776 in the context of Turgot's reforms but the Journal de Paris has a notice with a date of 11th May 1779). The enlightened reformers laid down exactingly high standards of cleanliness, capped with a proud declaration that all cesspits would henceforth be emptied by day. Prices were set at 65 livres per toise for pits on the ground floor and 70 livres for those in cellars. In the event, however, the venture was shortlived. The costs, passed on to disgruntled consumers, proved too high; after a few years, the company was disbanded and the guild reinstated.
Observations sur les fosses d'aisance, et moyens de prévenir des inconvéniens de leur vidange, Paris 1778.
This incident was the subject of a report by Jean-François de Marcorelle, baron d'Escale (d.1787), a keen local mathematician and scientist and corresponding member of the Parisian Royal Academy of Sciences. His paper was read to the Academy and subsequently published. He went on to write an Avis pour neutraliser à peu de frais les fosses d'aisance (in the English version, "Advice for neutralising necessary houses at a small expense" ) This second work was sharply criticised in the Journal de Paris for advocating the use of quicklime or whitewash ("chaux vive" / "lait de chaux"), already put forward in the Observations of Laborie, Cadet de Vaux and Parmentier.
The accident, which claimed the lives of three workmen and five rescuers, occurred on 16th April 1779 in a large house near the old town walls of Narbonne known as Le Luxembourg after an inn which once occupied the building. The owner, an pharmacist named Faure, had let the accommodation to a large number of different tenants, all of whom were employed in noxious trades: anatomical demonstrations took place in one room, silk manufacturers occupied the ground floor, whilst the basement was given over to the production of verdigris. The whole building was served by a single cesspit situated in the second of two courtyards. It was eleven-and-a-half feet by six feet, nine feet deep and covered with a slanting roof. This monster received not only excrement from the entire household, but silk cocoons, anatomical debris, sediment from the verdigris and a host of "other substances likely to produce infected, dangerous, murderous vapours which would poison those who breath them". Despite M. Faure's entreaties, local vidangeurs had refused point blank to empty it.
M. Faure finally decided that there was no other solution but to have a second cesspit dug. It was then that disaster struck. "By the saddest of fates", comments Marcorelle, "the means he employed to avoid death in the first cesspit brought him death in the second." On morning of 16 April construction was well under way when suddenly the retaining wall between the two pits dramatically collapsed and a "mephistic torrent" poured into the new pit. The builder and his assistant, a girl of 18 years, who were working in the new pit were instantly overwhelmed. Two workmen were dislodged from the scaffolding. One fell into the pit. The son of the second came to his father's rescue and he too fell in and drowned. A wool merchant who tried heroically to rescue the unfortunate builders was also overcome. At this point M. Faure himself went down and was asphyxiated, as were two other passing tradesmen who followed. Finally M. Faure's two young nephews succeeded in bringing up their uncle and the builder. A 31 year-old former grenadier pulled out the others. All eight were pronounced beyond help. Marcorelle is scathing about the medical treatment they received. though he at first revived, M. Faure himself eventually succumbed under the onslaught of repeated bleedings in a sealed room. Only the builder survived both the cesspit and the attention of the doctors. Marcorelle finishes his account by reproducing a royal edict of 1740 based on the researches of Réamur, which offered rather more intelligent advice on how to deal with drowning - warming the victims, moving their limbs, blowing warm air into their lungs.
Détails de l'accident funeste arrivé dans une Fosse d'aisance de la ville de Narbonne, le 16 Avril 1779.
Read to the Académie des Sciences in Paris on 3rd May.
Avis pour neutraliser à peu de frais les fosses d'aisance, afin d'en faire la vidange sans inconvénient & sans danger, Narbonne : J. Besse, 1782, in-12, with parallel English text.
Jean-Christophe Sanchez "Les travaux de Jean-François Marcorelle, académicien des Lumières" (Presentation) November 2014.
On 23rd March 1782 experts gathered in front of the Hôtel de la Grenade in the rue de la Parcheminerie to witness the cleansing of a cesspit. Among the dignitaries of the Academy of Sciences were Lavoisier, Le Roy and Fougeroux. Also present were five members of the Royal Society of Medicine, the chemists Macquer and Fourcroy, the duc de la Rochefoucauld,the abbé Tessier, and Hallé himself. Their objective was to put to the test the antimephitic properties of vinegar advocated by the Lyonnais opthalmologist Jean Janin de Combe Blanche. The landlady was certain that medical students had added to the occasion by burying arms, legs and other body parts beneath the excrement.
In fact Verville soon recovered but remained convinced that "cesspool gases that have been transmitted" were even more noxious than those which have asphyxiated the unfortunate workman.


Travellers flying out of Zurich's Kloten airport should allow extra time to check in on Wednesday after the computerized check-in system broke over night.
Although the problem is now fixed, the temporary breakdown meant for a time on Wednesday morning all passengers had to be checked in manually.
The situation caused "chaos" at the airport, one passenger told daily 20 Minuten, with long queues backing up at the check-in desks.
Some expressed their frustration on twitter, while airlines apologized to customers.
An airport spokesman told the paper that the breakdown was due to an electricity failure during the night, but that the issue affecting the check-in system was now fixed.
However queues of up to 40 minutes are still possible at the airport, which is the main hub for Swiss International Airlines.
"We recommend that travellers who have to fly from Kloten allow more time," said the spokesman.


text:
4 Reasons to Choose Alpaca Sweaters
When most people think of a soft, stylish luxury fiber their minds tend to venture into the world of cashmere apparel. However, alpaca has been steadily gaining ground growing in popularity as a high-end resource for fashion designers and savvy people who appreciate high-quality clothing. In fact, when really delving into the integrity of cashmere and alpaca, there are numerous reasons why alpaca fiber has gotten a firm foothold as another premium luxury option. Here are four of them.
Alpaca Sweaters are Extremely High Quality
Imagine a sweater that is amazingly durable yet silky and soft to the touch. Alpaca clothing offers near-cashmere softness with an extraordinarily long life. Alpaca wool is similar to sheep's wool, but warmer and softer. It's also extremely stain-resistant. Formerly, alpaca fleece was separated by species, depending on the which kind of apparel was being made. For example, Huacaya alpaca grows spongy soft fiber with a natural crimp making it ideal for knitted alpaca cardigans and all types of sweaters, while Suri alpaca has no crimp and is therefore ideal for woven items like alpaca scarves and cloth. Now, advanced industrial spinning techniques achieve uniform qualities based on fiber length and thickness.
Alpaca Supports Green Sustainability and Social Responsibility
Eco-aware clothing is gaining popularity; consumers are more cognizant of the environmental impacts of the chic clothing they pull off the rack. Because alpaca clothing production goes hand-in-hand with land conservation, pollution reduction, and long term value, alpaca sweaters are a good choice reduce their carbon footprint. When you buy alpaca clothing you also cast a vote for animal rights, as alpaca are one of the world's oldest livestock and roam naturally in their native environment, happily giving up their thick annual growth in the most humane and pain-free method. Likewise, the long life of alpaca garments is the direct opposite of wasteful "flash fashion" that is used for a few months and then thrown away.
Alpaca Wool is Used by Top Fashion Designers
Cashmere has long been sported on every fashion runway, but todays top fashion labels incorporate alpaca fleece into their lines for its luxurious allure. Armani and Brunello Cucinelli use alpaca wool to make suits while Sergio Davila, a Peruvian native, places his homeland center stage at New York's fashion week by including an entire line of alpaca clothing, while designers like Eileen Fisher and Max Mara feature alpaca coats. Other brands to use alpaca fiber include Prada, Yves Saint Laurent, and Gucci.
Alpaca Clothing Provides Economic Relief
Finally, alpaca is an excellent purchase due to its contribution to economic and environmental sustainability. Thousands of alpacas are raised by small ranches and family farms throughout Peru. When you buy alpaca sweaters, hats and scarfs your purchase helps to support those families and enable them to stay on their land in their traditional lifestyle. Your purchases also help to provide needed cash to the rural economy, because as these family farms prosper, so do the businesses and farmers who help supply alpaca ranches. The next time you put on an alpaca wool sweater, poncho or ruana wrap, crack a smile and pat yourself on the back because, not only did your purchase make your own world a bit more beautiful, it also helped make the bigger world a slightly better place.
Also in Alpaca and Cashmere Sweater and Ruana News
Norwegian Sweaters: Origins of a Holiday Classic
Three Things You Know about Cashmere Sweaters That Are Wrong
Toques, Toboggans and Liberty Caps: The 27,000 Year History of the Knit Beanie Hat


I'm testing the trial version of acrosync.
There's one profile by default. I can't figure out how to create a second profile. I've tried right clicking in the top area of the app and on the existing tab. Should there be an application icon in the tray when the program is running and a menu in the top of the screen? I'm not seeing one even when the app is the only thing running in osx sierra.
If you click the Acrosync icon on the right side of the menu bar, you'll be able to select the Add Profile menu. ⌘-A should work too.


text:
New 100% online training course from FishVet Group and Benchmark Knowledge Services on The Health and Welfare of Atlantic Salmon
Scottish Fishing Will Ensure Sustainable Future
Health Welfare Sustainability Politics Education & academia
7 October 2011, at 1:00am
SCOTLAND, UK - The Scottish fishing industry is keen to further develop its already strong relationships with marine scientists to ensure that there is as much data as possible about the health of our fish stocks so as to ensure the implementation of effective management plans to ensure a sustainable future.
This was one of the key messages delivered by Ross Dougal, vice-president of the Scottish Fishermens Federation, speaking to guests at the SFFs annual dinner in Edinburgh on Thursday night (6 October).
He told the event, which was attended by fisheries minister Richard Lochhead and other leading industry figures, that fishermen had a huge amount to offer the scientific community in terms of providing better catch data and other information on fish stocks.
We must seize the opportunity to provide the data for more real-time science even if on occasion this leads to quota reduction, he said.
The health of our stocks and the sustainability of our fisheries is of fundamental importance to fishermen and it is essential that we forge even closer relationships with scientists so as to have the most accurate information flow as possible. If used properly, such information will lead to development of much more effective management plans for our fisheries.
Such co-operation is now more pressing then ever, added Mr Dougal, given that the new proposals for the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy make a strong plea for better data. Already, some quota proposals from the EC for 2012 are calling for automatic cuts of between 15 and 25 per cent because of the lack of data, rather than being based on the true state of the stocks.
Turning to the ongoing deadlock with Iceland and the Faroes over mackerel catches, Mr Dougal said both countries must now both move to seek a resolution at talks later this month before irreparable harm is done to the precious mackerel stock.
The decisions by Iceland and the Faroes to significantly increase already grossly over-inflated unilateral quotas is the height of irresponsibility and could do real damage to a stock that has been sustainably harvested and carefully looked after by the Scottish fleet."
It is vital for the future of the Scottish mackerel sector that there is restoration of sensible and responsible mackerel management arrangements in the north-east Atlantic so as to secure the long-term sustainable future of the stock. However, whilst reaching a deal is important, it must not be done so at any cost and it needs to ensure that Scotlands traditional mackerel catching rights are not compromised.
Meanwhile, despite all the difficulties being endured by the Scots fishing industry, Mr Dougal said he was optimistic about the future, given that our fish and shellfish are much sought after around the world.
Our seafood is of the highest quality, taste great and is healthy to eat. Provided the right management regime is put in place under the new CFP, I believe that the Scottish fishing industry has a great future ahead of it, harvesting a marvellous and sustainable resource that is in huge demand from consumers around the world.
The Health and Welfare of Atlantic Salmon course
It is vital that fish farm operatives who are responsible for farmed fish are trained in their health and welfare. This will help to ensure that fish are free from disease and suffering whilst at the same time promote good productivity and comply with legislation.
This interactive course is divided in to bite sized modules, so students can study at any time, on any device with internet access
Why lumpfish benefit from live feeds
New research has revealed that lumpfish exposed to live prey and frozen sea lice prior to transfer to marine sites perform better as cleaner fish once stocked in salmon pens.
Scallop producer lands sustainabilty boost
Acuapesca Group, one of the world's largest scallop farmers, has earned recertification for sustainable seafood production by Friend of the Sea.


Staff was courteous and respectful. My daughter forgot her pillows and staff were able to locate them. They notified me ASAP.
Where to find Merrimack hotels near an airport?
Where can I find hotels in Merrimack that are near tourist attractions?
Heading to Merrimack? There's a wide selection of apartments and hotels for travelers to choose from. Spend some time checking out our 20 hotel listings, which are all within a 0.1-kilometre (0.06-mile) radius of central Merrimack.
Accommodations that are within easy driving distance to the city center of Merrimack include the Residences at Daniel Webster and Holiday Inn Express & Suites Merrimack.
Merrimack features just a handful of economical accommodation options. You will find the Quality Inn situated 4 kilometres (3 miles) from the downtown area.
The Stonehedge Hotel and Spa can be found 25 kilometres (15 miles) from downtown Merrimack. Another option is the The Bedford Village Inn, which is positioned 10 kilometres (6 miles) away. The Crowne Plaza Nashua and also the Hilton Garden Inn Manchester Downtown are some other Expedia-listed accommodations around Merrimack.
For those who'd like to see more of the valleys in this region of United States of America, you may choose to plan extra days in other parts of Southern New Hampshire. Whether you enjoy common activities, such as hiking, horse riding and shore fishing, or just travel around to explore the attractions, you will be able to book suitable hotel accommodation in the vicinity.
Nashua is 12 kilometres (7 miles) to the south of Merrimack and is where you'll find Pheasant Lane Mall and Daniel Webster College. Nashua hotel options are the Courtyard by Marriott Nashua and Holiday Inn Hotel & Suites Nashua. Alternatively, you could consider staying at Concord, 40 kilometres (24 miles) to the north of Merrimack, where you'll find the The Centennial and Residence Inn by Marriott Concord. The Capitol Center for the Arts and Christa McAuliffe Planetarium are a couple of the popular sites to check out while in Concord.
Before your Merrimack trip draws to a close, why not spend an afternoon cheering along with Manchester sports fans at a local match. Fenway Park is 65 kilometres (41 miles) to the southeast of Merrimack. Book a hotel near the action at the Mandarin Oriental Boston or the Four Seasons Hotel Boston.
Manchester-Boston Regional Airport is a logical airport, and is 8 kilometres (5 miles) from Merrimack. Hotels that are nearby are Homewood Suites by Hilton Manchester/Airport and Holiday Inn Manchester Airport.
What are the most popular Merrimack hotels?
Are there hotels in other cities near Merrimack?
What other types of accommodations are available in Merrimack?
Explore Merrimack with Expedia.ca's Travel Guides to find the best flights, cars, holiday packages and more!


New Years Eve is coming and you, girls, are probably looking for the best pair of heels to fit your holidays dress. I have been window shopping this weekend, trying to choose a pair that would fit my New Years' outfit. I ended up with those five pairs of gorgeous heels.
I am quite in doubt which ones are my favourites, but would not refuse any of those beauties.
They are all lovely heels! I think the 4th ones are my favourites.


Office Administrator Jennifer Mansfield handles all aspects of business management for the firm. Jennifer is a graduate of the University of California at Davis, where she studied International Relations with an emphasis in Political Science. She earned a paralegal certificate through the University of California Berkeley Extension and maintains her paralegal status under Business and Professions code § 6450. Jennifer is also a Certified Legal Manager.
Before coming to Blacker Sammis & Blacker LLP in 2003, Jennifer worked as a litigation paralegal, an office administrator, and a volunteer paralegal for the Bar Association of San Francisco's Volunteer Legal Services Program Temporary Restraining Order Clinic. She also owned and operated a business designing and importing products from Nepal.
Jennifer is a member of the Golden Gate Chapter of the Association of Legal Administrators, serving as a Board Member from 2016 to 2018 and co-chair of the Salary and Benefits Survey Committee from 2012 to 2015. As co-chair of the Finance Section from 2015 to 2018, Jennifer organized educational programs on finance and accounting three times per year for the 125-member chapter. Continuing in leadership for 2018-19, Jennifer is the Small Firm Roundtable coordinator for the chapter.


Discussion in 'Z3 M Roadster & Coupé' started by swamper, Apr 8, 2013.
what sizes are you guys running on the fronts and rears?
12mm rear is perfect for OEM wheels.
Excuse my ignorance what is tpi ?
would the e46 M3 spacers fit...does anyone know?
is it because its only 12mm spacers?
Mine fit on the hub and the wheel nuts go through the spacers in to the hub. So in effect the spacer is sandwiched between the wheel and the hub - like a washer between a bolt and a nut.
The ones in HTs video first bolt to the hub, and then the wheels bolt to the spacers. Means you have two sets of bolts to do up.
I'm not sure which of the two would be considered "best" though.
Personally I would never go wider than 30mm anyway and on most cars you should not need to unless you have got the wrong spec offset in the first place.
The important thing is that they are PCD 120 (so the holes line up) and the correct number of holes (but most are generic and have more holes than you need). anything over 5mm really should be hubcentric ie have a little flange that side in the hub to help secure it in place. You don't really need this with 5mm or less.
People tend to forget to factor in the cost of longer bolts and security bolts which can add c£70 to the cost ie double it !
ps TPI are a great make. Branded quality but at a cheaper price and they look cool as well. They do kits with longer bolts included.
Tpi 12 mm spacers are not the same as the vid.. There are just spacers with longer bolts.. Better IMO.


Original Vocals are vocal songs that I have composed and arranged. Most of the songs are sung by me with a couple of exceptions that feature other vocalists.
This song was written for someone very special and important in my life. However, I will not talk about the details of the story. Just look at the lyrics, and you will see and feel the meaning of the song and story. For the love of my life, 董艳.


text:
Snapshots Albert Einstein at School - Revision Notes
CBSE Class 11 English Core
CHAPTER – 4
Albert Einstein at School
The father of modern physics, Albert Einstein is famous to have discovered the theory of relativity which marked a revolution in physics. However, how many of us know the fact that in his early school days he did not believe in rote learning as a student and got expelled from his school. No teacher liked him and he too, in turn, disliked attending school. This led to the school finally taking a decision to expel him.
The narration begins with Albert being asked about a date by his history teacher. This was when he was very abrupt and crude in replying that he found it pointless to memorise dates when one could flip through the necessary pages whenever one needed to. He believed in education but didn't consider learning facts as education. He hated school because he hated the conventional form of education and the teachers found him to be a 'disgrace.' Finally, the teacher, disgusted and fed up, asked him to be taken away by his father. Einstein also hated going home, not for the obvious reasons of bad food and lack of comfort, but because he hated the atmosphere of 'slum violence.'
He was so against the idea of going to school and adapting to the set educational pattern that he once confided in his friend that he thought he would never pass the exams for the school diploma. He once told his cousin Elsa that he wanted to study science simply because he liked it. He didn't need additional reasons to study the subject he was interested in. He was sent to Munich to study where within six months he grew disinterested and found it useless to waste his father's money, especially when it was so unfruitful and unproductive.
This was the moment of Albert's childhood craze when he gleamed with a sudden bright idea of averting school forever. He asked his friend Yuri to search for a friendly doctor who would certify him that he had nervous breakdown so that he could stay away from school. To this doctor, Albert revealed his love for mathematics and his maths teacher. Later, in school, he asked for a reference letter from his maths teacher. This is when he heard the most surprising comment from his maths teacher who said: "I knew you were going to leave before you knew yourself."
Finally, the day when Albert was called by the headmaster he was not worried. However, he was taken aback when the headmaster said that he couldn't tolerate Albert's attitude towards education and his behaviour in the classroom which disturbed an ideal environment for studying. Thus, he wanted Albert to leave school. Albert felt the medical report burning a hole in his pocket.
He left the school where he had spent five miserable years, without turning his head to give it a last look. He felt like seeing only Yuri before he left Munich. Elsa was back in Berlin when he left. Yuri bade him farewell and wished him good luck.
Thus the story ends up giving glimpses of Einstein's early life and his dynamic concept of education. Since he had a flair for science, he viewed things in logical and reasoning way. He did not believe in traditional and conservative way of rote learning, the contemporary system of education which was outdated and unproductive, rather he was interested to know the ideas behind facts what the real source of knowledge was. He possessed revolting ideas in connection with education and later he emerged as a great scientist like many other well known personalities.
The lesson winds up giving a message to the stakeholders that the students should be allowed to choose the subjects of their choice.Music, fine-arts and sports should be made the integral part of school education. It should be made inspiring ,interesting and purposeful. What children needs freedom. Without freedom no mental or physical growth is possible. Entertainment and education must go hand in hand. Ideas must dominate our education. only then our schools will produce geniuses like Einstein.
It also leaves a message for students also that they should put their queries to their teachers in a respectful manner to avoid any sort of unpleasant environment in the class as every teacher is, after all, a human being and demands a little respect.


text:
The Falaise Gap Battles
Simon Forty, Leo Marriott
Photographs old and new reconstruct the fighting around Falaise and Chambois in 1944, providing a vivid comparison between then and now.
Color and b/w photos throughout
Dimensions : 9.75 X 7.25 inches
The denouement of the battle of Normandy, the fighting around Falaise and Chambois in August 1944 and the pursuit of the retreating German armies to the Seine provided the Allies with an immense victory. After ten weeks of hard attritional fighting, the Allies had broken loose from the bocage and the Germans' deep defenses around Caen: by the end of September they would be close to the German border.
As US First Army and British Second Army squeezed the western and northern edges of the German salient, so Third Army rushed headlong eastwards and then north to create the lower of two pincers—the other formed as the Canadian First Army and the Polish 1st Armored Division pushed south of Caen. As could be expected, the Germans did not simply give up: they fought furiously to keep the pincers from closing. When they did, attacks from inside the pocket to break out and outside the pocket to break in led to fierce fighting between Chambois and Argentan. When the dust settled, between 80,000 and 100,000 troops had been trapped by the Allied encirclement. Estimates vary considerably, but it seems safe to say that at least 10,000 of the German forces were killed and around 50,000 became PoWs. The rest, however, escaped, but without most of their equipment, destroyed in the battle or abandoned in the retreat over the Seine. Those that did escape were subsequently to reform, rearm and conduct an effective defense into late 1944.
The Past & Present Series reconstructs historical battles by using photography, juxtaposing modern views with those of the past together with concise explanatory text. It shows how much infrastructure has remained and how much such as outfits, uniforms, and ephemera has changed, providing a coherent link between now and then.
Simon Forty was educated in Dorset and the north of England before reading history at London University's School of Slavonic and East European Studies. He has been involved in publishing since the mid-1970s, first as editor and latterly as author. Son of author and RAC Tank Museum curator George Forty, he has continued in the family tradition writing mainly on historical and military subjects including books on the Napoleonic Wars and the two world wars. Recently he has produced a range of highly illustrated books on the Normandy battlefields, the Atlantic Wall and the liberation of the Low Countries with co-author Leo Marriott.
Leo Marriott has written numerous books on aviation, naval and military subjects including Treaty Cruisers, Catapult Aircraft, Jets at Sea and Early Jet Fighters: British and American 1944-1954. He is now retired after a fifty-year career as an air traffic controller but still maintains his pilot's license flying a syndicate-owned Cessna 172. Apart from aviation and naval history, his other interests include sailing, photography and painting.
"In short a great book that will be going with me to Normandy next year."
- Army Rumour Service
"The latest array of titles in Casemate's Past and Present series offers a superb mix of maps and photographs, supplemented by brief but informative text…Outstanding value in terms of both quality and price." *Winner of the 'Miniature Wargames Recommends' award for January 2018*"
- Miniature Wargames
"This series of books have been planned and executed by Casemate with panache...They would make ideal Christmas presents for younger history buffs because each volume offers just about enough in a single sitting. I cannot fault them."
- War History Online
The titles in the 'Past & Present' series are very much worthwhile having on the bookshelf, as a reference work, or to be enjoyed as a general read."
- GunMart
The Falaise Gap Battles Reviews
Tanker War
Lee Allen Zatarain
Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe 1939–42
Neil Page
Cushing's Coup
Dirk Jan Barreveld
Thunderbolts Triumphant
Chris Bucholtz
Robert L. Tonsetic
William Sine
The Life of John André
D. A. B. Ronald
American Armor in the Pacific
Mike Guardia


text:
Hercule combattant Acheloüs est un tableau de l'artiste Noël Coypel, réalisé entre 1667-1669, qui appartenait à un ensemble de quatre peintures représentative des épisodes de la vie d'Hercule.

Anciennement situé dans l'antichambre d'un appartement, disparu depuis, réservé à Louis XIV dans le palais des tuileries, le tableau est aujourd'hui localisé au premier étage du Palais des beaux-arts de Lille. Un dessin préparatoire de ce tableau est également conservé à l'École Nationale Supérieure des beaux-arts. Noël Coypel avait d'ailleurs déjà traité ce sujet pour le décor de l'appartement du roi au Trianon à Versailles, œuvre dont l'esquisse préparatoire a été acquise en 2014 pour un montant de  par le musée des beaux-arts de Caen.

Sujet mythologique

Cette œuvre est une représentation du mythe d'Hercule et Achéloos. Cette légende est racontée dans les Métamorphoses  d'Ovide, Livre IX.

Thésée demande à Achéloos la raison de l'outrage qui lui a été fait. Achéloos explique alors que Déjanire, considérée comme une femme d'une très grande beauté, attirait bon nombre de prétendants au palais d'Œnée, son père. Parmi les rivaux du dieu-fleuve, Hercule se présente. Lorsque celui-ci demande à son tour la main de Déjanire, tous se retirent, excepté Achéloos. Or Déjanire préfère Hercule à Achéloos, dont les dons de métamorphose l'effrayent. Un combat acharné s'engage entre le dieu fleuve et le héros, qui prend vite l'avantage, contraignant son adversaire à mordre la poussière. Achéloos, ne voulant pas s'avouer vaincu, se transforme en serpent, mais, de nouveau, Hercule prend le dessus et l'étouffe entre ses mains, ridiculisant le serpent. Achéloos, une ultime fois, se transforme en taureau. Héraclès le terrasse pour de bon et épouse Déjanire. Plus tard, il rend sa corne à Achéloos et reçoit en échange la corne d'abondance.

Description de l'œuvre

Concernant l'œuvre, il s'agit d'une huile sur toile de 211 x . Il s'agit d'une peinture appartenant au classicisme français et à la fable antique. Nous pouvons voir dans ce tableau un homme debout aux prises avec un second qui, lui, est à terre. L'un de ces deux hommes est le héros grec Hercule, il est ici facilement reconnaissable à divers attributs. Il tient une massue dans sa main gauche, qu'il s'apprête à abattre sur la tête de son ennemi. En arrière-plan, une patte et une queue de lion apparaissent ; il s'agit de la peau du lion de Némée qu'il a dû tuer au cours d'un de ses douze travaux et qu'il porte depuis en guise d'armure. Le deuxième est le dieu-fleuve Acheloos, il est identifiable aux multiples têtes de taureaux présentes en haut à droite du tableau.

Autres œuvres sur le même sujet

 François-Joseph BOSIO, Hercule combattant Achéloüs métamorphosé en erpent ; Sculpture en Bronze ; 1824 ; Musée du Louvre

 Dominique « Le Dominiquin » Zampieri ; Paysage avec Hercule combattant Acheloüs changé en taureau ; 1621 ; Musée du Louvre.
 Nicolas Bertin ; Hercule combattant Achelous ; huile sur toile ; 1715-1730 ; Musée national de Varsovie.
 Bloemaert Cornelis II ; Tableau des Vertus et des Vices de l'antiquité : Hercule et Acheloüs ; Estampe ; 1630 ; Musée des Beaux-Arts de Paris.
 Cratère à colonnettes à figures rouges : Héraclès et Acheloos ;  ; Musée du Louvre.

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Base Joconde

Peinture mythologique

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q&A: David Thomas On Resurrecting Rocket From The Tombs, Grooming His Replacement In Pere Ubu, And Doing What He Wants
by Brad Cohan
Tracing the antecedents of punk rock is as easy as whipping out your trusty map, then looking toward Michigan (The Stooges' blood-stained, glass-stabbed, track-marked skuzzballness; MC5's Afro-sized destructo rawk-n-roll bombast), New York (The Dolls' lipstick-smeared, cross-dressing scum-blues), and finally Cleveland, where future Pere Ubu iconoclastic eccentrics David Thomas and Peter Laughner piloted proto-punk garage-rock innovators Rocket from the Tombs.
RFTT crystallized in 1974, hammered out anthemic classics like "Life Stinks," "30 Seconds Over Tokyo," "Sonic Reducer" and 'Ain't it Fun," played a handful of gigs, never recorded and were kaput by 1975 before splintering into avant-rock revolutionaries Pere Ubu and punk dirtbags, The Dead Boys. Laughner was a casualty way too young, succumbing to substance abuse problems at 24.
In 2003, RFTT's posthumous comeback began when live bootlegs and demos surfaced as The Day The Earth Met The Rocket from the Tombs (just reissued by Fire Records), thus igniting a reunion tour with Television's Richard Lloyd and inspiring the blistering studio document Rocket Redux. Nearly four decades after its inception, RFTT has completed the improbable, recording its debut Barfly and hitting the tour circuit.
Sound of the City spoke to the elusive (and extraordinarily nitpicking, interview-detesting) Thomas via email from home in the U.K. to talk Rocket from the Tombs and his curious plans for the future of Pere Ubu.
There has been chatter about your health, specifically pertaining to your visible weight loss. If you will, how is your health currently and should your fans be concerned?
I have no comment on the state of my health.
That said, you are going on a short tour with Rocket from the Tombs in support of Barfly, the first official album of studio-recorded new songs since the band's inception. What sparked your wanting to record a brand-new RFTT album all these years later?
Ever since RFTT got back together in 2003, an album of new songs was on the cards. Work on new songs began almost immediately. The last tour we did a few years ago, featured 2-3 of the new songs. Once we decided to keep playing together after the reunion show in 2003, the only thing to do was write new material. None of us had any interest in being a tribute band.
RFTT is known as a legendary proto-punk band and highly influential along with the Stooges and MC5. A few years ago, the Stooges reunited and released a brand-new album of songs (2006's The Weirdness) that was universally panned. Why not leave well enough alone with Rocket from the Tombs?
What other bands do or accomplish is none of our concern. What others think we should or should not do is none of our concern. The status of the band in other people's eyes is none of our concern. We can do what we want. It's our band and nobody has a say in it but us. We got together in 2003 and it was obvious that it was, still, a great, and exceptional rock band. We decided it would have been cowardly not to carry on and see where we would end up, where the journey would take us.
Since classic songs like "30 Seconds Over Tokyo," "Sonic Reducer," "Final Solution," "Muckraker," "So Cold" and "Amphetamine" were originally RFTT songs (but later some were taken and recorded by Pere Ubu and the Dead Boys), did you consider starting from scratch by giving them the 'studio treatment' and recording any of those songs to include on Barfly, or did Rocket Redux take care of that?
We wanted Barfly to be all new material. That doesn't preclude going back in the future, but RFTT was always a forward-looking band and it seemed inappropriate to revisit those songs at this point.
The Day The Earth Met The Rocket From The Tombs includes covers of The Stooges ("Search and Destroy," "Raw Power") and the Velvet Underground ("Foggy Notion"). Will you be including cover songs in your live repertoire on the upcoming tour? Did you consider including covers on Barfly?
No covers. I don't like covers except in rare instances. This was one of the sticking points in the original band. I hated covers. Peter loved covers. We were talking about making a single towards the end, when we already had all those great songs you list, and Peter only wanted to do 2 covers. It was nonsensical.
Peter was an original member of the "classic lineup" of RFTT and both wrote and co-wrote many of the band's most well-known songs and provided guitar. Since Peter was such an integral member of the band and helped provide its aesthetic, how do you package Barfly as a "legitimate" Rocket from the Tombs album?
How? I tell Johnny to put the name on the CD spine. We do what we want to do when we want to do it and how we want to do it. It's none of your business.
Richard Lloyd (Television), Cheetah Chrome (Dead Boys), original RFTT bassist Craig Bell and Ubu's Steve Mehlman and all played on Barfly. Are you familiar with the fashionable term of choice these days they call "supergroup?" Is this incarnation of RFTT your idea of a 'supergroup?"
Why isn't Richard Lloyd partaking in the upcoming tour?
You'll be playing Cleveland on the RFTT tour. Being that you currently live in the U.K. and have for many years, is there a memory that stands out in your mind you can share of Cleveland?
Getting on to a few Pere Ubu questions. Over Pere Ubu's existence, you've proven to be one of the most charismatic, entertaining and foreboding front-man in rock. However, in the last couple of years, you've traded in that persona for a David Thomas with hands in pockets and very little movement, reading lyrics from a stand and drinking from a flask. What changed and what do you attribute this dramatic shift to?
I get to do what I want.
Pere Ubu has performed [the band's 1978 debut] The Modern Dance at some festivals in recent years. What are your thoughts on performing an album of yours in its entirety? Does it spark memories?
I liked doing MD. It was easy and fun and like a vacation. I could repeat the "value of re-visiting older work" sort of explanations but I can't be bothered. The truth is it was a vacation. Pere Ubu albums have become major productions requiring great swathes of time to complete and realize. It's necessary to keep a band playing together regularly to stay in touch with each other. Doing MD was an obvious way of doing this as Lady From Shanghai was being completed.
Does doing an album from start to finish bore you? Would you rather be performing a different one?
I don't do anything that bores me. I don't need to. I only do what I want. How many times do I have to say this? I don't need your approval or appreciation. I don't need anything you or an audience can give me. You and the audience give me nothing. I don't do anything for you or for the audience. The audience gets to watch me do what I want if they so choose. That's the end of it. If I'd rather do another Ubu album I'd/I'll do it.
"Waiting for Mary" was a moderate hit in 1989, and the video was played on MTV. What did you think of the commercial success that song brought after being in underground rock for so long?
I didn't notice any particular commercial success from it. Other songs from that era or later have earned us far more money. The song doesn't figure prominently in my memory. It was a throw-away in terms of my writing. "Wasted," for example, made us far more money and was by far more commercially successful.
Long Live Pere Ubu and Bring Me The Head Of Ubu Roi [the album and its performances] was quite the ambitious venture. It seems like your trajectory has pointed to an event like this for you as far as theater, acting and working with a concept. What took so long for you to do it?
An album follows on from the previous effort according to various criteria. One of which is an evolutionary imperative—to go in some way where we haven't gone before. I've explained the genesis of the LLPU/BMTH project in great detail on the website. You can read about it there. Pere Ubu will never end. I am already grooming my replacement in the band. The plan is that he will be taking over in approximately five years, or sooner if he makes more rapid progress in terms of songwriting.
Can you elaborate on the "replacement" you are grooming to take your place in Pere Ubu? Who is he or she?
Not saying yet.
Will you continue to write songs for Pere Ubu after you leave the band?
Maybe. But when I go I anticipate the replacement will do the writing. I will continue as producer for an interim period.
Will you be delving into this on your expansive website over the next five years and filling in your fans as per the progress? That would seem very interesting.
Haven't considered the question yet.
Rocket from the Tombs plays at The Bell House tonight and at Maxwell's tomorrow. Barfly is out via Fire Records.
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HomeTravel & LeisureTelangana Tourism Package For Falaknuma Palace Tour
Telangana Tourism Package For Falaknuma Palace Tour
Bigconcept May 15, 2019
Falak-Numa is derived from Urdu which means "Like The Sky" and "Mirror Of The Sky". Falaknama Palace belonged to Paigah Hyderabad State, and the Nizams later owned it. It is located on a 32-acre area 5 km away from Charminar. This construction was started by Nawab Vikar-ul-Umra, the prime minister of Hyderabad and also by the Nizam, Nawab Mir Mahboob Ali Khan Bahadur's uncle and brother-in-law. This palace was constructed with beautiful rich architecture.it took nearly nine years to construct the palace.
Entry only through Telangana TourismFalaknuma Palace TourWeekend Half-a-day tour (only Saturday's and Sunday's)
Tour Option A: Rs.3,100/ Adult and Rs.2480/ Child
Included in Ticket:
Entry Tickets, Tea & Snacks, A/c Transport, Tour Guide
Tour Option B: Rs.2,000/Adult and Rs.1,600/ Child
A/c Transport, Tour Guide
Tour starts from Tourism Plaza in Begumpet (1:00 PM)
from Hotel Taj Krishna in Banjara Hills (1:20 PM)
from Hotel Golconda in Masabtank (1:45 PM)
2:30 PM arrive at Chowmahalla Palace (30 mins Tour)
4:00 PM arrive at Falaknuma Palace (90 mins Tour + Hi-tea)
6:45 PM arrive at Golconda Fort (75 mins with Sound & Light Show)
9:00 PM Tour ends - Drop at respective pick-up points.
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I Received a Cease and Desist Letter but I Have a Registered Trademark
On behalf of JAYARAM LAW | May 19, 2017 | Firm News
Entrepreneurs and other early stage companies sometimes approach us after having received a cease and desist letter from a company claiming that their trademark rights have been infringed upon. On occasion, these clients are particularly surprised to receive such a letter because they have a registered trademark.
Don't be deceived: registered trademark holders can commit trademark infringement just like anyone else. Under United States trademark law, a registered trademark holder has nationwide protection over its mark (and all marks confusingly similar to its mark), but these registrants don't have priority over registered or unregistered marks that have prior use. That's right, an unregistered senior user can send a registered user a cease and desist letter. What's more, this same unregistered user can sue a registered junior user for trademark infringement in federal court.
Consider the following example. JAYLAW is a law firm without a trademark registration. It began using its mark in commerce in New York in 2005. In 2010 it expanded to California. It has two offices, in New York and California, and primarily serves clients in the areas of copyright and trademark law. It has a significant reputation nationally among those requiring IP services. In 2016, J-LAW, a well-funded venture backed AI startup, launched its own operations. J-LAW is a software platform that uses artificial intelligence to render advice to its users regarding copyright and trademark law. J-LAW applied for and obtained a trademark for the term J-LAW. Under these facts, assuming there's a likelihood of confusion between the marks, JAYLAW would be able to stop J-LAW from using that mark in the geographic regions in which JAYLAW practices — most likely, NY and CA.
This result is not necessarily intuitive. Many entrepreneurs mistakenly believe that a registered mark protects them against anyone, both defensively and otherwise. That is simply not the case. The above example isn't an unlikely occurrence. Therefore, all entrepreneurs should make sure that their trademark lawyer is conducting competent clearance searches in advance of filing a registration with the USPTO, and, frankly, in advance of using a mark in commerce in the United States. A failure to properly search a mark could result in substantial economic and non-economic hardship for any growing brand.
– I Received a Cease and Desist Letter but I Have a Registered Trademark


Elderly Health - Discussing the Cost of Future Care Issues with your Parent.
Discussing Elderly Health and future care for your parent isn't easy. Many families have family meetings away from the parents to discuss their concerns and worries. Does your elderly parent have medical care insurance that will help cover the cost of nursing homes?
Will your mother have a fit if you even suggest she go to an Assisted Living or nursing home facility?
Has your parent expressed concerns about becoming a burden to the family? Will the family consider caring for their elderly parent at home? These and many more considerations need to be discussed, and once a consensus has been reached, someone's going to need to discuss such issues with the parent.
Financial Issues Caring for Mom and Dad....Will there be enough to last? See what others are saying and leave a comment of your own.
Know ahead of time that this may very well be one of the most difficult and uncomfortable topics you've ever discussed with a parent. Asking your parent anything regarding their financial stability is often met with stony silence. Seniors don't want their children to know that they may not be doing well financially, or are unable to afford for their future elderly health care. Communication, patience and understanding are the key to success when broaching the subject of elderly health care with a parent.
Health care costs are rising. Does your parent know how much it will cost to live in an Assisted Living facility or nursing home? Chances are they don't. While you don't want to incite fear, uncertainty, or panic, you do need to know certain aspects of your parent's financial stability. Does your parent have enough income to provide for their long-term care? Do they have long-term care insurance policies in place?
Nursing home care, depending on geographic location, may cost between $130 and $500 a month. Annual nursing home care costs may range between a national average of $50,000 and $75,000. Assisted Living Facilities cost the national average of about $3000 a month. That amounts to a minimum of $36,000 a year.
Costs will also depend on the level of care necessary, the size and location of facilities, and increased costs where special ambulatory or dementia care services are required. When looking at assisted living facilities, also determine at what point the facility requires individual's transition from an assisted living environment to a long-term care facility. Most assisted living facilities do not take Medicare or Medicaid.
What Type of Care are you Considering for Mom and Dad? Click here to see what others are saying and to share your experience.
At Home Care costs will save some money, but depending on need may take a big chunk out of the budget. Live-in caregivers can cost an average of $200 a day, costing up to an average of $5700 a month.
Home care, including home health aides, nurses, therapists or specialists, cost between seven dollars and $90 an hour. Home health aides cost between $7 and $25 an hour and are covered by Medicare under certain circumstances. Home health nursing care, which ranges between $20 and $90 an hour is not typically covered by Medicare, and will be covered by Medicaid under special circumstances.
What Does Medicare and Medicaid Cover in Long Term Care?
Many seniors don't understand regulations regarding Medicare and health insurance policies when it comes to long-term care. When discussing elderly health care issues, ask your parent if you can take a look at their health insurance policy, Medicare plan, Social Security information and other income in order to help them determine and decide on their care.
Long term care insurance can help pay for some costs. Websites like the Long-Term Care Insurance National Advisory Center Long Term Care Insurance.org may help children of aging parents as well as seniors to anticipate the cost of long-term care as well as the benefits of long-term care insurance plans.
Today, nearly 80% of seniors receive health care at home, but even so, costs or services are escalating. There are no easy answers.
To date, nearly 25 states have approved long-term care insurance premium increases up to 50%, and the older the person gets, the more likely he or she may be rejected for long-term care insurance. Seniors considering long-term care insurance should carefully evaluate deductible requirements, and elimination periods as well as out-of-pocket expenses.
Multiple elderly health resources are available to answer questions and provide information for seniors as well as their caregivers. The AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) can be found at www.aarp.org The Family Caregiver Alliance, at www.caregiver.org provides information on all aspects of caregiving, and financial information and regulations regarding care may be accessed at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) at www.cms.hhs.gov The American Health Care Association at American Health Care Association is also an excellent resource to seek government help and agencies when it comes to providing elder care around the country.
In Home Care - What Choices are you Making?
What questions or solutions have you found for care for your parents?


am i the only one seing this???
You're not the only one seeing it, it's an april fools joke. I can't determine whether or not you're on drugs from the internet.
Last edited by Qcode on 01 Apr 2013, 03:13, edited 1 time in total.
I thought the site always looked like that?
Please keep in mind that web design "fashion" is evolving every year and we're simply moving with the times.
As we advance with Web 2.0 technology, gradually advanced components such as iframe menus will be implemented in order to improve and speed up the user experience. Additionally, marquee will be introduced to show snippets of latest news on any page, making sure all users that happen to stumble upon any page are informed.
Qcode wrote: You're not the only one seeing it, it's an april fools joke. I can't determine whether or not you're on drugs from the internet.
Well I'm starting to feel this is a prank too and I'm seeing crazy things and I'm thinking Oh dear the site's been hacked!
Don't forget to use "text-decoration: blink;" too!
Some of you are acting like this is a problem or something. It's beautiful.
This is how you April Fools. Not some stupid prank like opening the top of the salt shaker.
F*ck I had something planned for april 1st but I forgot all about it.
Meh still I'm a little disappointed in the new website design as the only thing new is that your cursor changes graphic.
EDIT: just clicked the youtube disc... It's the exact same thing they did in one of their other April fools jokes, how lazy could you get?
Last edited by renhoek on 01 Apr 2013, 03:56, edited 1 time in total.
Where is this disc? Also, wasn't last years where you could make all the videos like old style videos?
TripleXero wrote: Where is this disc? Also, wasn't last years where you could make all the videos like old style videos?
I remember that one Mike Mozart did his own take on doing it perfectly - plus Google got me to think they'll send me youtube collection on DVDs XD I need a good prank or two.
At least Stabyourself is "Down with the times"


We're back with another performance review with the Buhay Basket crew and this time we share our thoughts about the adidas Crazy Explosive 2017. Last year's version was awesome and this could even be better. Let's get to it!
The Crazy Explosive 2017 features the same setup as the 2016 model with full-length boost. It was awesome in last year's model and it's still awesome now. A TPU roll cage covers the lateral side for extra support while the medial side has full boost exposure. Right out of the box, just lace them up and you're good to go. The boost setup feels just right — very responsive and great impact protection without sacrificing too much court feel.
Overall, boost is great. But you already knew that.
The shoe fits true to size although a bit snug so I would suggest trying on the shoe first to get the right fit that you like. Once you find your fit, it's just solid. The one piece forged primeknit gives the shoe better containment and lockdown overall as compared to last year's model. You also get better one to one fit on this one.
The wavy pattern on the primeknit upper adds extra support in key areas but still remains soft all over. You get that feeling of containment while still being flexible as your foot moves. The extra padding around the ankle plus the internal heel counter keeps your foot in place at all times. Plus it feels good around the ankles.
The fit is just awesome. Once you get your foot in, it's not moving anywhere.
Primeknit just like last year. But this year's version features forged primeknit which is a one piece upper with structured support in key areas. The materials feel soft all around but still provide the support you need for lateral movements. It's less stretchy compared to last year but it provides a better fit overall without restricting movement. The one-piece bootie setup and the sock-like collar provides better one to one fit and feels like an extension of your foot.
The Crazy Explosive 2017 returns with the same wavy, multidirectional pattern from last year and they are still solid on court. I played on both indoor and cement courts and didn't have any issues with slipping during my runs. On clean courts you won't have any problems at all and you'll be sticking like glue. The setup just works.
Another highlight of the shoe is support. It has a wide base to keep your foot right on the footbed at all times plus the TPU cage makes sure you don't move from side to side. Even if you try to roll your ankle on purpose you will feel that cage and the wide base stopping you from doing so. Your foot stays right in the middle and it's not going anywhere.
A shank plate adds stability and torsional rigidity, while the forged primeknit keeps key areas with more structure and support keeping you contained.
Also, the lace loops are back in full force and provide added lockdown along the midfoot area. Just solid!
Overall, I loved playing in the Crazy Explosive 2017 right from the get go. It took the best features from last year's model and improved it even more. This year's model features better fit and lockdown and continues to provide awesome materials, support and of course, Boost! Get ready for an awesome ride and I'm sure a lot of players will enjoy hooping in this one.
Grab a pair now at Titan and adidas stores around the metro for P8,295.
The Crazy Explosive 2017 just got even better! Improved lockdown, fit and of course, Boost! Just a solid shoe overall.


The inevitable turnover that occurs with almost all condominium boards has the unfortunate byproduct of a lack of consistency in the enforcement of the condominium's rules and regulations. While a board may have seen no harm in turning a blind eye toward certain minor infractions of a rule, what happens when the board believes that it must enforce the same rule against a unit owner that has committed a more egregious transgression?
For example, a board that has previously ignored violations of a rule against keeping pets – in instances where unit owners have owned goldfish, cats, and lapdogs – may feel compelled to take action when they see a unit owner walking a menacing pit bull in the common areas. Can the board's previous failures to enforce the "no pets" restriction prevent them from enforcing the action against the pit bull owner?
Some jurisdictions have recognized a unit owner's defense of "selective enforcement", holding that condominium associations, which have previously failed to enforce certain restrictions, have waived their ability to enforce those rules.
In another Florida case – Prisco v. Forest Villas Condo. Apartments, Inc., 847 So.2d 1012 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2003) – the court similarly recognized a selective enforcement defense in the context of a "no pets" restriction. The condominium association had filed a complaint against a unit owner, seeking to enjoin here from keeping a dog in her unit in violation of the condominium association's pet restriction. The unit owner raised a defense of selective enforcement, noting that other unit owners kept numerous cats, as well as two dogs, in their respective condominium units – yet the association never enforced the restrictions against these owners. The court agreed that the association was selectively enforcing the pet restriction against the unit owner and reversed a summary judgment decision that the lower court had entered in favor of the association.
While there have been no reported Appellate Court decisions concerning this issue in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the defense of selective enforcement was addressed in a Superior Court decision in the matter of Board of Trustees of Pine Brook East Condominium Trust v. Thorley, Norfolk Superior Court, Civil Action No. 08-1259. The civil action was brought by a condominium board seeking to have a unit owner's pit bull dog removed from the condominium. The condominium's master deed provided that "[n]o pets shall be kept in any unit or under any circumstances except as provided in the rules and regulations of the Condominium Trust." The condominium's rules and regulations further provided that "[c]ustomary house pets may be kept in any unit or in the common elements with the prior written permission of the board of trustees, provided such pets do not create a nuisance and that all dogs must be on leash and can be walked to the rear of the Buildings." The defendant kept her pit bull, Malu, in her unit without ever having received written permission from the condominium trust.
The defendant contended that the condominium board had waived its ability to enforce the rule against her because the board allowed other unit owners to keep pets in their units without ever receiving written permission from the board. Indeed, approximately fourteen other unit owners at the condominium had dogs, and the great majority of these unit owners had never received written permission from the condominium board to keep their dogs in their units. None of these dogs, however, were pit bulls.
The defendant is correct that the trial evidence does reflect a lack of uniformity in the Board's requiring exclusion of those pets for whom written consent has not been secured by the unit owner. However, this fact does not preordain that the Board's action in seeking to enforce the restriction with respect to Malu is invalid, on principles of waiver or otherwise. Here, the Board concluded after having received a complaint from a unit owner that the presence of a dog of Malu's breed would not be given its permission. This was a judgment the Board was entitled to make, based upon the members' appraisal of circumstances relating to the characteristics of the dog's breed.
Additionally, the Court awarded the board $37,290.00 for costs and attorneys' fees incurred in securing the defendant's compliance with the condominium documents.
At least one other jurisdiction has similarly held that a party's failure to object to a minor violation of a covenant contained in a condominium's master deed and by-laws does not result in waiver of its right to object to a subsequent and more substantial violation.
The South Carolina Court of Appeals, in the matter of Kneale v. Bonds, 317 S.C. 262 (Ct. App. 1994), found that the acquiescence to relatively minor unit alterations that were made by unit owners in violation of the condominium documents did not serve as a waiver of the right to enforce covenants contained within the master deed and by-laws – relating to alterations or variations of the general or limited common areas – when those alterations would effectively change the character of the property.
Similarly, many jurisdictions have held that a failure to enforce against minor infractions of restrictive covenants does not constitute a waiver of the restriction, so as to estop enforcement restrictions against more egregious violations. For example, in Berry v. Paisley, 66 Ohio App.3d 77, (1990), owners of a boathouse contended that a restrictive covenant, which prohibited construction in certain circumstances, had been waived by the other boathouse owners in the subdivision, as they had failed to enforce the restriction in other instances where construction had been performed on certain boathouses. The Court ruled that the restriction had not been waived as the previous violations were de minimis (e.g., the installation of a television antenna), whereas the construction at issue would actually obstruct the channel that provided access to the bay.
Obviously, the best way for an association to avoid a unit owner's defense of selective enforcement is to enforce the rules and regulations contained within the condominium's governing documents in a diligent and consistent manner.
If there are rules and regulations that the board seems to be consistently ignoring, however, perhaps the rule should be amended or eliminated. For example, perhaps a strict "no pets" policy could be tailored to allow for less threatening animals, while prohibiting large breed dogs (i.e., pets that could impact an association's ability to secure insurance coverage). An appropriately revised restriction may better reflect the evolved attitudes of the condominium's demographic and will therefore presumably be more tenable.
In any event, if a board is presented with a unit owner's selective enforcement defense, it can take some solace in the fact that the limited jurisprudence of the Commonwealth – albeit unsettled – reflects an understanding that a board, which has previously ignored relatively minor transgressions, will not be prevented from using its judgment to enforce restrictions in response to more egregious violations.