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Tag Archive for: kpop fan
8 Words You Began Using as a K-Pop Fan
December 17, 2014 /0 Comments/in Fans /by Alexis Hodoyan-Gastelum
Do you remember the first time you delved into K-Pop only to quickly discover the pandora box of confusion you had just encountered? Everything from the language to the music to the clothes were a new experience, but it mostly had to do with the fact of it being foreign and you not being a native speaker. That's why you were super happy to find a community online of English speaking fans who shared your interests. But this also had it's setbacks.
As it turned out, even within the English speaking fans, there was a collections of slang, words, and phrases you didn't know or didn't use prior to entering the fandom. However, once you began using them, you can't really part with them. That's why we came up with a list of words you began using once you became a K-Pop fan.
1. "Bias"
Before K-Pop, your favorite band member was simply your favorite member. But at some point when you were looking up pictures of your beau on Tumblr, you stumbled upon the word "bias." Etymologically, this term refers to an outlook or temperament with a one-sided inclination. To a person outside the fandom, it would make little sense. But with a super big open mind, "bias" makes some sense when referring to your favorite member in a group. Or at least now it does.
via fanpop
2. "Comeback"
This word is common in music, alright. But when someone announces its "comeback," you imagine the Madonna albums after years of hiatus, or Britney Spears' Circus following her meltdown. Comebacks are long awaited returns to music by artists who have been gone for a while. However, in K-Pop, this merely means another release by a given act. Sure, BIGBANG's comeback will, indeed, be a comeback. On the other hand, GOT7's debut and following two comebacks this year hardly constitute as such.
by lemonvip
Also on KultScene: 5 Standout K-Pop Underdog Rookies Of 2014
Girl and boy bands throughout history haven't always been fully comprised of equally talented members, but K-Pop has been keeping it real with telling people that a member in their group's sole purpose is to be good-looking (nevermind they're not as gifted in dancing or singing). But can we all just agree that using "visual" as an adjective to describe a person is weird? "Visual," of course, has to do with the eyes, so maybe something that already exists like "looker" would make more sense than something you bring to show and tell in school.
by danyislas
4. "Virus" Or "Vitamin"
EXO's Chanyeol is widely known as the "happy virus," with him introducing himself as such in T.V. shows. Fans, particularly on Tumblr, for their part, rapidly embraced the tag. "Vitamin" is also a term used to describe a person who energizes you (another weird description). Both now make lots of sense. However, outside of the fandom, someone would be confused if you were to use these types of descriptions. I'm sure these sound far better and make more sense in Korean, and yet, we've adopted the awkward and cheesy English translations into our everyday speech. English is not that metaphorical…
5. "Showcase"
Have you ever noticed how every other article on American K-Pop sites (even this one!) use the word "showcase" a lot. Outside of K-Pop, more common synonyms like "performs," "features," or "displays" are the norm. However, someone somewhere began using "showcase" as the verb to use when describing what K-Pop idols are showing or doing that it's become second nature. This might be the case of a direct translation from a Korean word that got popular really quick, but we could be wrong…
via kpopselca
6. "Refreshing"
Pre K-Pop, a cold shower on a hot day was refreshing. But now, a group's new sound or image that is different from what they did before or to anyone else is "refreshing." Again, it's one of those things you never thought about before K-Pop, but once you became a fan, you started using the word as an adjective and even employ it for Western artists now. While the word is overused in K-Pop, it makes for a very metaphorical adjective to use for other things as well.
Also on KultScene: Best BTS SoundCloud Songs
7. "My Style"
To say that someone fits the features and characteristics you look for in a crush, we usually use "my type." However, in K-Pop, people tend to say that a person is their "style." "Tall, dark, and handsome guys are my type" became "tall, dark, and handsome guys are my style." Even miss A has a song titled Ma Style. However, this word is something we normally associate with material things like clothing, or use to describe other actions (writing, painting, designing, you name it!) Either way, "style" sounds way more chic and sassier that "type."
by mmminhyuk
8. "Burdened"
To feel burdened by something or someone is a thing, we know. However, the expression seems to be part of Koreans' everyday speech. Artists are always talking about feeling burdened or not wanting to burden someone else. Maybe it's because we normally don't think we're imposing on someone else, but this expression and its derivatives are definitely uncommon outside of K-Pop.
What words, phrases, or slang did you began using once you got into the K-Pop fandom? Share your picks in the comment section below and be sure to subscribe to the site and follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Tumblr to keep up with all of our posts.
https://i2.wp.com/kultscene.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/bigbang.jpg?fit=1920%2C940 940 1920 Alexis Hodoyan-Gastelum http://kultscene.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/KULTSCENE-LOGO-2018-TRANSPARENT-RED.png Alexis Hodoyan-Gastelum2014-12-17 19:24:122014-12-18 11:58:188 Words You Began Using as a K-Pop Fan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After having studied law in Paris, the pull to return home to his native land and vineyards was too strong to ignore. Nicolas Mariotti Bindi settled in Oletta, Corsica to live the life of a vigneron and winemaker. He celebrated his first vintage in 2007. He manages this 7 hectare estate using organic grape growing and winemaking principles. Vinification is all natural and only limited amounts of SO2 are used with amounts stated on the label.
The island's sunny, warm, dry and mountainous climate are ideal grape growing conditions for Vermentino. The soil is high in mineral content which imparts interest and a fresh, clean taste. Bindi's Vermentino has aromas of anise, fennel and white flowers. The palate is round with ripe tree fruit notes and balanced by a vein of acidity giving it lift and brightness on the finish.
The Nielluccio grape is said to be either indigenous to the island of Corsica or an identical clone of the Tuscan grape Sangiovese. Nevertheless, this particular offering from the aforementioned Mediterranean island is quite expressive with the nose reminiscent of dried flowers, sun-dried tomato, cherry and raspberry and the palate further asserting the red fruits with an added herbaceous character and a salty, brine finish. With high acidity and gripping tannins, this wine would benefit from 10-15 minutes in the fridge to obtain a moderate chill and can be paired with a number of tomato-based pasta dishes, as well as a variety of seafood!


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JFG Comms going to the the Labour Party Annual Conference 2018
We're looking forward to the Labour Party Annual Conference in Liverpool, from Sunday 23 to Wednesday 26 September.
Five ways to turn stakeholders into cheerleaders
Our Founder & Managing Director, Jo Field, has written a blog for the Chartered Institute of Public Relation's (CIPR's) Influence magazine.
Our interview in Womanthology
Our Founder and Managing Director, Jo Field, who is also a Board Member of Women in Transport, is featured in the latest issue of Womanthology, the digital magazine and community for working women.
MPs and transport leaders celebrate female engineers
Today, MPs and diversity champions from across the transport sector celebrated International Women in Engineering Day in Parliament.
JFG Comms going to New Civil Engineer UK Transport conference
We're looking forward to the New Civil Engineer (NCE) UK Transport conference on 4 July.
How employers can raise the bar on women in engineering
Today is International Women in Engineering Day. In this Year of Engineering and the centenary anniversary of women getting the vote, still only 11% of UK engineers are women.
Our opinion on efforts to push forward the diversity and inclusion agenda in transport
Our Founder & Managing Director, Jo Field, was recently asked to give her expert opinion on diversity in transport, in a debate in Transportation Professional magazine.
JFG Comms going to Transport Times UK Transport Infrastructure Summit
We're looking forward to going to the Transport Times UK Transport Infrastructure Summit on 23 May.
Why the transport industry needs more diversity - and how we're helping
The deadline for large companies to report their gender pay gaps was last month and transport and infrastructure companies have reported some of the biggest pay gaps.
Women in Transport announce parliamentary reception to mark Year of Engineering
Women in Transport have announced that on 28 June, the Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Women in Transport, Ruth Cadbury MP, will host a reception to celebrate women in the sector and consider how we inspire the next generation during the Year of Engineering.
Five steps we can take to press for progress on International Women's Day
Today is International Women's Day and this year's theme is #PressforProgress.
Calling all women working in construction / property PR and marketing
We're working with the CIPR Construction and Property Special Interest Group (CAPSIG) on a survey to understand the experiences and perspectives of women working as PRs in the construction / property industry.
JFG Communications shortlisted in the PR Moment Awards 2018
We're thrilled to be nominated for New Agency of the Year in the 2018 PR Moment Awards.
Coverage of JFG Comms at Highways UK
Our Managing Director, Jo Field, took part in a panel debate in the CIHT (Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation) theatre at the Highways UK conference in Birmingham back in November.
The session looked at the importance of people's needs in driving infrastructure and services. As an industry, we're increasingly becoming more customer focused. The projects we're planning and delivering are being delivered for the customer. So, it's important we engage our stakeholders to make sure customers' views are represented.
Jo's presentation is featured in 'liaising with others to ensure a project's success' in January's issue of Transportation Professional.
The benefits a boutique consultancy can bring to your transport organisation
Our view on calls to create a commission for public engagement
Transport and infrastructure at the heart of Government's priorities
Our blog for Equal Pay Day


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S. Youngquist, Richard P Usatine
Western Journal of Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.175.4.227
Spontaneous Remission
Youngquist, S., & Usatine, R. P. (2001). It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas. Western Journal of Medicine, 175(4), 227-228. https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.175.4.227
It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas. / Youngquist, S.; Usatine, Richard P.
In: Western Journal of Medicine, Vol. 175, No. 4, 2001, p. 227-228.
Youngquist, S & Usatine, RP 2001, 'It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas', Western Journal of Medicine, vol. 175, no. 4, pp. 227-228. https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.175.4.227
Youngquist S, Usatine RP. It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas. Western Journal of Medicine. 2001;175(4):227-228. https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.175.4.227
Youngquist, S. ; Usatine, Richard P. / It's beginning to look a lot like Christmas. In: Western Journal of Medicine. 2001 ; Vol. 175, No. 4. pp. 227-228.
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AU - Youngquist, S.
AU - Usatine, Richard P
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10.1136/ewjm.175.4.227


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SOMO News
RELEASE: SOMO gets set for 18th Annual Kirksville Polar Plunge
RELEASE: SOMO gets set for 28th Annual Lake of the Ozarks Polar Plunge
SOMO Sum Ups: Jan. 16-22
Charlie Phillips selected to compete for Special Olympics USA
RELEASE: SOMO preps for 17th Annual St. Joseph Polar Plunge
2022 USA Games
2023 World Games
Healthy Athletes
KC Metro Area
LETR
Special School District
State Summer Games
Unified Sports
Knights of Columbus awarded SOMO's highest honor
January 22, 2016 | Uncategorized
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oj9KCOty7RE&w=560&h=315]
(Jefferson City) The Missouri state Knights of Columbus was recognized for its outstanding contributions to Special Olympics Missouri at the 2016 SOMO Annual Awards Luncheon Jan. 16 in Branson. Each year, Special Olympics Missouri salutes those who have made significant contributions to the Special Olympics movement. Past honorees have included Missouri State Parks, Missouri Association of Student Councils, Missouri Sports Hall of Fame, Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri/Illinois Dodge Dealers and more.
This is only the second time since 1988 that the Special Olympics Missouri Board of Directors has recognized an organization twice for the Award of Excellence. The Knights of Columbus was first recognized in 1991 for its long-term commitment to the mission through financial support of Special Olympics Missouri.
Knights of Columbus past state deputy and current SOMO board of directors member Brad Grill accepts the award from current SOMO board of directors chair Dr. Phil Cook.
Twenty-five years later, that long-term commitment has extended beyond its initial purpose as the Knights of Columbus has committed to raising $1 million for the Training for Life Campus (www.SOMOCampus.org). The annual contribution of funds from the Knights, the volunteers, meals and honor guards they bring to competitions and fundraisers they put on such as Cosmic Bingo, Denim and Diamonds is what makes them not just a donor, but a part of the SOMO family.
"The Knights of Columbus is proud of its partnership with Special Olympics Missouri," said Keith Milson, Knights of Columbus State Deputy. "We consider our work on behalf of the athletes and their families as one of our highest callings and greatest achievements! We look forward to many, many more years of collaboration and support to (SOMO)."
Knights of Columbus past state deputy Brad Grill was in attendance to accept the award.
For information about Special Olympics Missouri, the Annual Award recipients or the 2016 SOMO Leadership Summit, including photos and video from the banquet, please contact Brandon Schatsiek at 573-635-1660 or email Schatsiek@somo.org.
← Randy Boehm inducted into SOMO Hall of Fame
Bobbi Roberts named statewide Outstanding Coach, others honored →


Customers are worried, or confused, or maybe just unsure. Either way all I know is there are six recommended plumbers servicing my area, 14 independent coffee shops within walking distance, and now Google's telling me that if I want a loaf of bread I have to choose between two shops named Wheatly and Frank's Artisan Nut Loaf, and that's just today's to do list.
It's never been easier to find everything online, but now that it is, we have to make a choice, and like a cereal aisle with 20 identical boxes of sugary carbohydrates, it's a neverending mental puzzle to settle on one.
Anything that can act as a signal, that'll tip the scales, just something to help me make my choice. That sort of information has a lot of pull in our over-saturated market. A recent article by Search Engine Land explained that. More and more people are using online reviews as a litmus test for quality. In fact, I'll wager that it's the second thing customers Google after discovering your business.
As a customer, the independent opinions of others speak to the quality of a business. More often than not, it also helps me to make a decision as to which deserves my cash. This is great for customers, especially since Google+ has started factoring reviews in search results. But businesses are facing a problem, as they have to hope Google is policing the reviews, otherwise the whole system is left vulnerable to abuse.
After the Nanimo-based Securco Services Inc. received a nasty review, it asked Google to remove it. While Google encourages free opinions to run wild, it does have certain terms and conditions that go along with free speech. For example, reviews cannot be overly malicious or offensive.
However, when Securco received a review that labeled its workers as racist and autistic, a violation of the terms, Google refused to remove it. Even after Securco repeatedly tried to contact Google about the review, nothing happened. It was only when the CBC contacted Google that the post was taken down.
Securco is just one example and hopefully a rare one, but it's also worth remembering that Google is a search engine and not a reputation management company. Google Reviews exist to help Google establish relevancy. The better-reviewed businesses are considered more relevant, as they provide services that users appreciate, therefore other users will find that business useful. The fact that a review helps consumers is a positive externality, but I'm sure not the reason why Google invests in developing a reviewing system.
So in a world where customers are looking to reviews as a barometer and Google isn't necessarily policing malicious reviews, it puts the burden on you to manage your online reputation.
Managing your online reputation in-house is smart, but time-consuming. There are more review sites out there than just Google+. Each of them has active users and each service offers a platform for them to talk about your business, both the good and bad.
Instead, I'd argue that you should view your online reputation as a component of your overall online strategy. There are active steps you can take to ensure that your reputation online reflects what the average customer thinks. Just like ensuring that each web page is SEO-optimized, your online reputation can be managed.
Simple steps like encouraging your existing customers to review you is a great first move, but also monitoring the different sites and responding to any negative reviews as soon as possible is another action you can take. It comes down to being proactive online. Give happy customers the incentive to review you and mitigate any negative reviews that come in.
Managing your reputation by yourself can easily turn in to a full-time gig, but when rolled into a comprehensive marketing strategy it could be seen as an extension of the monthly maintenance you already spend on things like SEO, PPC and so on. It's another tool in the belt used to create a robust marketing strategy.
If you'd like to learn more about review marketing check out reputation marketing webpage, or if you have a specific question in mind feel free to reach out to us and someone will get back to you with a thorough response.


One of the funniest injuries in NFL history happened in December of 2001, when Arizona Cardinals kicker Bill Gramatica jumped into the air to celebrate a field goal and came down with a torn ACL.
Gramatica is now retired from the NFL, but the Arizona Republic recently caught up with him for an interview in which he said he's fine with being remembered for something so ridiculous — just as long as reporters remember that it wasn't the jump that caused the injury, it was the landing.
Gramatica's injury on the field goal celebration meant he was sidelined for the ensuing kickoff, and it was Pat Tillman — who would quit football to enlist in the Army a few months later — who handled the kick.
Gramatica and his kicking brothers, Martin and Santiago, now run a company that specializes in energy-efficient construction.
Wow – I am impressed with GSI Inc. Good investment to own a company on the money that he earned on football.
I love all the Pat Tillman stories. He was truly a great guy. Just watched a documentary on him not too long ago.
Do tell then. WOW, stories about a kicker. This story wasn't anyting to be impressed about.
He was laughing about it. Go crawl under your rock.
It sounds like he wouldn't date you or something.
Is it really called retirement when you stink and nobody wants you?
Does anyone know if the injury video is out there anywhere? I've searched for it multiple times and haven't been able to find it – only still images.
That is still my favorite injury of all time. Right before they cut to commercial they show him go down and when they had doctors and trainers working on him. I think I laughed for about 3 straight hours.
Date me? Did you not see their pictures…I've seen more attractive placentas framed by unruly vaginal pubic hair. His wife is ridiculously hot though…I'm sure its true love.
I remember seeing him kick an XP in a pre-season game and the guy acted like he's just discovered the cure for cancer. Glad those guys aren't in the NFL anymore.
But at least there is another Pat Tillman (an atheist) story. The guy actually lived his values.


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WCW: 10 Best Starrcade Matches Ever, Ranked
by Michael Chin
in Wrestling
WrestleMania has stood out as WWE's biggest annual event since 1985, but a year and a half before WWE launched its Showcase of the Immortals, the National Wrestling Alliance broadcasted the first Starrcade. The event started as a Thanksgiving super show, before migrating to December to get out of competition with WWE's Survivor Series. From an event centered on Jim Crockett Promotions, to WCW's Granddaddy of Them All, Starrcade was an institution for eighteen years, before WCW closed its doors.
RELATED: Forgotten Gems: 10 Classic WCW Matches Nobody Talks About
Now that WWE has revived the event, first as a house show, and more recently as a WWE Network special, it's fitting to look back at the event's heyday. This articles ranks the top ten matches ever staged at Starrcade.
10 Eddie Guerrero Vs. Dean Malenko, 1997
Starrcade 1997 was all about WCW vs. The New World Order. In particular, Sting vs. Hollywood Hogan marked a showdown well over a year in the making. Sting's challenge to Hogan wound up an overbooked disaster, widely regarded as one of the most disappointing matches of all time.
At very beginning of the show, Eddie Guerrero and Dean Malenko's fight for Cruiserweight Championship was more quiet than expected.. While this encounter wasn't either man's best in WCW—together or with other opponents—it was nonetheless a rock solid match between two technical masters that easily bested any other bout on the card.
9 Ric Flair Vs. Lex Luger, 1988
Lex Luger is known for his physique and being positioned as a superhero more than once in his wrestling career. He is not, however, renowned for his in ring talent. His Starrcade 1988 match, challenging for Ric Flair's world title, marked not only one of his best efforts, but a demonstration of The Nature Boy's ability to pull a borderline classic out of just about any dance partner.
This match told a keen story with Flair working the knee as he so often did. At the climax of the bout, Luger went for his signature Human Torture Rack, only for his knee to give, allowing The Dirtiest Player in the Game to collect the pin.
8 Goldberg Vs. Kevin Nash, 1998
In 1998, Goldberg was riding a historic undefeated streak that had seen him collect the World Championship from Hollywood Hogan along the way. By virtue of how he'd been booked, his size, and his popularity, Kevin Nash, the leader of the nWo Wolfpac, stood out as one of his few remaining credible, first-time challengers.
RELATED: Goldberg: 5 Reasons Why Fans Love Him (& 5 Reasons Why They Don't)
Goldberg and Nash worked a fun big man battle, and one of the best outings of either man's WCW tenure. The match culminated in Scott Hall inserting himself in the proceedings to stun Goldberg with a cattle prod. Nash went on to hit a power bomb to win the match and end the streak in stunning fashion—all a precursor to Nash and Hall more formally reuniting as heels aligned with Hogan in the days to follow.
7 Eddie Guerrero Vs. Shinjiro Otani, 1995
Starrcade 1995 saw WCW in a bit of an identity crisis. The experiment of reviving Hulkamania had yielded lukewarm results, and the company hadn't yet launched the New World Order. In this in-between time, Randy Savage, Ric Flair, Sting, and Lex Luger occupied the main event picture, all feeling something like place holders. Meanwhile, the company drew on talent from New Japan for a World Cup of Wrestling competition—ill defined, though it at least led to some quality matches.
From a storyline perspective, Eddie Guerrero's clash with Shinjiro Otani was pretty forgettable. On the plus side, though, the in ring action positively stole the show in an outstanding technical showcase that further the WCW vs. NJPW competition.
6 Sting Vs. Ric Flair, 1989
Sting and Ric Flair's careers were largely intertwined in WCW. In the late 1980s, Flair was instrumental in getting Sting over as the top face in the company, and their match to close out Starrcade 1989's Iron Man Tournament was a key step in that process.
After Flair had so often gotten the better of The Stinger, by hook or by crook, this Starrcade 1989 main event saw Sting go the distance. He ultimately pinned The Nature Boy with a small package to eke out the victory and be crowned the tournament winner.
5 Sting Vs. Big Van Vader, 1992
Starrcade 1992 culminated in the finals of the King of Cable tournament, pitting Sting against Big Van Vader. It wasn't the first time they clashed, but it was a rare instance of them going head to head with a title on the line or direct title shot ramifications.
RELATED: 5 Times Ric Flair Was The Man (& 5 Times It Was Becky Lynch)
Despite largely getting lot in the cannon of matches between these two, this was a deceptively great outing, rendering Vader as monster heel and Sting as never say die face perfectly. There was the added reward for long time fans of Sting finally pulling off a decisive win over Vader after he power slammed him off of a splash attempt.
4 Ric Flair Vs. Harley Race, 1983
The original Starrcade main event was a near perfect fit to launch the legacy of this signature event. The NWA World Heavyweight Championship was on the line as young face Ric Flair sought to regain the title from grizzled veteran champ Harley Race inside of a steel cage.
While the match hasn't necessarily aged well, it was a fit for its time as a mix of technique and bloody brawling to firmly put over The Nature Boy as the standard bearer for wrestling world champions anywhere. It's telling that he'd carry that legacy forward for nearly twenty five years before putting over Shawn Michaels at WrestleMania 24 (not to mention that he'd still wrestle on smaller stages after that).
3 Roddy Piper Vs. Greg Valentine, 1983
The image of Roddy Piper and Greg Valentine glaring at one another, each strapped in at the neck on opposite ends of a chain is pretty iconic for old school wrestling fans. While both of these men were quite arguably in their physical primes, they waged war at the original Starrcade and stole the show with an absolutely brutal fight.
RELATED: The 10 Worst things Members of the nWo Have Done To Each Other
Piper went over in this match, signaling the bigger things he'd go on to like main eventing the first WrestleMania a year and a half later, or headlining Starrcade itself thirteen years later.
2 Ric Flair Vs. Big Van Vader, 1993
By 1993, Ric Flair was a veteran enough for WCW to start casting him as an old man. Accordingly, the highly decorated all time great came into this Starrcade looking completely outgunned against a younger, bigger, stronger monster of a world champion in Big Van Vader.
While Vader was always more talented than the standard issue big man who relied only on his size, he played his part to absolute perfection as a dominant villain here, seeking to not only defeat but destroy Flair. Flair was arguably never better as a face than in this match, fighting for all he was worth until he could steal the pin.
1 Magnum TA Vs. Tully Blanchard, 1985
Starrcade played host to its share of bloody battles, but no may be more legendary than the I Quit Match between Magnum TA and Tully Blanchard at Starrcade 1985. Both were masters of their craft in the ring and both were rising stars, setting the stage for an instant classic. Add in the barbarism of first Blanchard, and ultimately Magnum using a wooden spike fashioned haphazardly from a chair leg, and you have a next level iconic scene.
On one hand, this match tends to be forgotten for a more casual audience because both performers arguably peaked here as opposed to going onto the full fledged main event status they had the potential to. On the other hand, for hardcore fans, this match represents a bit of what might have been. Magnum's career ended with a car accident less than a year later, erasing purported plans for him to become the top face in the promotion. Blanchard being cast behind Ric Flair in the Four Horsemen, besides his personal demons catching up to him in the early 1990s limited how high he flew as well.
NEXT: 10 Best Matches in WCW Nitro History
Tags: Wrestling, ric flair
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Please come and join in this special time as we focus on the never-ending, boundless, always faithful love of our Heavenly Father through Jesus Christ. As we seek to be and make hopeful, joyful disciples, focusing on God's love as seen at the cross and empty tomb of Christ is a must. A spaghetti dinner will take place prior to the concert, which is performed by members of our church. Suggested donation $5.


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Q: Use IntegerChoices in model Meta class I'm creating some constraints in my Meta class that reference an IntegerChoices enum. The issue I'm having is that I can't seem to figure out how to reference that IntegerChoices enum.
class MyModel(models.Model):
    States = models.IntegerChoices('States', 'PROGRESSING INSTALLED DELETED')

    state = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(choices=States.choices, help_text='Defines the cluster\'s current state')

    class Meta:
        constraints = [
            models.CheckConstraint(check=models.Q(state__in=States), name='cluster_state_valid'),
        ]

self.States isn't working, no self object. MyModel.States isn't working either since MyModel isn't fully instantiated at this point.
Any advice/recommendation would be appreciated, thanks!

A: I would advise that you define the enum outside the MyModel, such that it is interpreted first, so:
States = models.IntegerChoices('States', 'PROGRESSING INSTALLED DELETED')

class MyModel(models.Model):
    States = States
    state = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(choices=States.choices, help_text='Defines the cluster\'s current state')

    class Meta:
        constraints = [
            models.CheckConstraint(check=models.Q(state__in=States.values), name='cluster_state_valid'),
        ]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Max accuracy and reliability to master every tactical scenario. We took the bedrock precepts behind every riflescope we build – optical precision, rugged reliability and uncompromising performance – and pushed them ever farther for the AR-platform. Features include target turrets for pinpoint-precise adjustments, plus caliber-specific reticles to deliver every round with peerless accuracy. AR Optics riflescopes are available in 6 configurations to equip every AR platform from 22 rimfire to long-range 223/5.56mm firearms. With fully, multi-coated optics for incredible brightness and our new Drop Zone-223 Ballstic Reticle, with aiming points out to 500 yards. Forged to ultra-tight tolerances, built by the best name in the business, Bushnell AR riflescopes.
Scope 4x32 with 3 possibilities. Sight of high durability, lantern of 30 lumens and laser of high capacity. It is sold with cables to be able to activate the lantern and laser without letting aim at our objective.
Gameking riflescopes are designed for today's hunters. Introduced in 2008, this range encompasses riflescopes up to powerful variable models that include a 6-24x50 AO illuminated. The range of Gameking variable zoom magnifications allow hunters greater flexibility in their hunting. Now you can simply adjust the zoom according to the conditions as you move through the hunting terrain. When the forest is thickest and the game is closer you can easily move the zoom to the lowest setting. This has the result of increasing your field of view so that the target can easily be seen without delay. Later when you move to more open fields the quick adjustment of the zoom will allow accurate shots on the furthest targets. Put simply, more hunting opportunities in a single scope!
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text:
Sherwood and Evelyn Lett family fonds, 67 results 67
Lett, Sherwood, 40 results 40
Irish Fusiliers of Canada, 19 results 19
Crerar, Henry Duncan Graham, 14 results 14
Ross, Frank Mackenzie, 7 results 7
MacKenzie, Norman A. M., 3 results 3
Montgomery, Bernard Law, 3 results 3
Pepper, George Douglas, 3 results 3
Manson, Alexander Malcolm, 2 results 2
Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom, 1 results 1
Vancouver (B.C.), 27 results 27
Hong Kong (China), 16 results 16
England, 12 results 12
Montreal (Que.), 10 results 10
World War, 1939-1945, 35 results 35
Dinners and dining, 22 results 22
Diplomats, 16 results 16
Cemeteries, 13 results 13
Portraits, 11 results 11
Hospitals, 9 results 9
Lieutenant governors, 8 results 8
Speeches, addresses, etc., 5 results 5
Nurses, 5 results 5
Sherwood and Evelyn Lett family fonds Military With digital objects
Top-level description Sherwood and Evelyn Lett family fonds
Portrait of Sherwood Lett as a private in the Irish Fusiliers
AM361-S9-: CVA 78-132
Part of Sherwood and Evelyn Lett family fonds
Portrait of Sherwood Lett as captain with 46th Saskatchewan Regiment
Group portrait of First World War officers
Item is a group photograph of officers during the first World War. Individuals pictured include (left to right): (front row) W. E. (Sandy) Simonds, Bob Brown, Sherwood Lett, Rick Gyles, J. S. (Jock) Rankin, Lt. Col. H. Snell, W. W. (Bill) Kennedy, R. M. Crowe, J. C. (Jack) Jones, (back row) Padre Buck, O. W. (Oscar) Goulden, W. L. (Bill) Rennie, Ernie Howitt, Phil Barter, J. F. (Jimmy) Brunton, E. M. (Johnny) Johnston, Dr. Bailey, G. H. (Joe) Martin.
Portrait of Sherwood Lett in uniform
Group portrait of officers during officer training
Item is a group photograph of officers during officer training. Sherwood let is fourth from the left, bottom row, seated.
Group portrait of officers at Staff College, Camberley, England
Item is a group photograph of officers at Staff College, Camberley, England. Sherwood let is fifth from the left, third row from the bottom.
Officer group photo at Brigade Headquarters in an English country house
Item is a group photograph of a group of officers at a Brigade Headquarters in an English country house. The individuals in the photograph are (left to right): (top row) Capt. Eric Housley (R.C.A.S.C Officer), Lieutenant G. Stevens (I.O.), Lieutenant D. F. Matthews (L.O.), Lieutenant Ingram (Def. Pl. Officer), Lieutenant Ferguson (L.O.), Lieutenant Jim Hart (L.O.), Captain Chas Herbert, Lieutenant Mackay (L.A.D. Officer), (bottom row) Captain D. A. McDonald (T.O.), Major D. F. Spankie, Major Sherwood Lett (BM), Brigadier D. R. Sargent, Captain Ben Cunningham (Staff Captain), Captain J. S. Adam (L.O.), Captain J. C. Keohan (Sr. Chaplain, R.C.).
Portrait of Sherwood Lett at Officers' training
Sherwood Lett and another officer studying a map outdoors at Officers' training
Item is a group photograph of a group of officers at a Brigade Headquarters in an English country house. Sherwood Lett is at the far right.
C.N.R. hospital train trip, Army officers
Item is a photograph of Army officers taken on the occasion of a trip on a C.N.R. hospital train. Sherwood Lett, wounded at the Battle of Dieppe, is returning to Vancouver on leave and can be seen here at the far right.
C.N.R. hospital train trip, group of army personnel and other officials
Item is a photograph of Army personnel and other officials taken on the railway platform on the occasion of the beginning of a trip on a C.N.R. hospital train. Sherwood Lett, wounded at the Battle of Dieppe, is returning to Vancouver on leave and can be seen here next to a nurse with his arm in a sling (sixth from the left).
C.N.R. hospital train trip, Army nurse and military personnel
Item is a photograph of military personnel taken on the occasion of a trip on a C.N.R. hospital train. Sherwood Lett, wounded at the Battle of Dieppe, is returning to Vancouver on leave and can be seen here at the fourth from the left.
C.N.R. hospital train trip, Army personnel
Item is a photograph of military and medical personnel taken on the occasion of a trip on a C.N.R. hospital train, visible in the background.
C.N.R. hospital train trip, Sherwood Lett
Item is a photograph of Sherwood Lett in a hospital train bunk. The photo was taken on the occasion of a trip on a C.N.R. hospital train. Sherwood Lett, wounded at the Battle of Dieppe, is returning to Vancouver on leave.
C.N.R. hospital train trip, Sherwood Lett with three officials
Item is a photograph of officials taken on the occasion of a trip on a C.N.R. hospital train, before boarding the train. Sherwood Lett, wounded at the Battle of Dieppe, is returning to Vancouver on leave and can be seen here at the far left.
C.N.R. hospital train trip, Sherwood Lett attended by Army nurse
Item is a photograph of Sherwood Lett being attended by an Army nurse in a hospital train bunk. The photo was taken on the occasion of a trip on a C.N.R. hospital train. Sherwood Lett, wounded at the Battle of Dieppe, is returning to Vancouver on leave.
C.N.R. hospital train trip, nurse and other officials
Item is a photograph of officials taken on the occasion of a trip on a C.N.R. hospital train, before boarding the train. Sherwood Lett, wounded at the Battle of Dieppe, is returning to Vancouver on leave and can be seen here with his arm in a sling, right foreground.
C.N.R. hospital train trip, army personnel and other officials
Item is a photograph of Army personnel and other officials taken on the railway platform on the occasion of the beginning of a trip on a C.N.R. hospital train.
Sherwood Lett at Mount Royal Hotel
Item is a souvenir photograph of Sherwood Lett (leftmost) and three other unidentified men having dinner at the Normandie Roof ballroom atop the Mount Royal Hotel, Montreal. It is accompanied by a red souvenir sleeve booklet.
Night Exercise
Item is a photograph of an oil painting by Canadian war artist Lieutenant (later Captain) George D. Pepper. The scene is of troops of the Royal Highlanders of Canada (The Black Watch) engaging in exercises at Burton-upon-Strather, North Lincolnshire, England. The photographs were sent to Brigadier Sherwood Lett from England to his Vancouver address in September 1944.
Assault Troops Embarking
Item is a photograph of an oil sketch by Canadian war artist Lieutenant (later Captain) George D. Pepper. The scene is of troops of the Royal Highlanders of Canada (The Black Watch) embarking on storm boats at Burton-upon-Strather, North Lincolnshire, England. The photographs were sent to Brigadier Sherwood Lett from England to his Vancouver address in September 1944.
Lowering Anti-Tank guns into Storm Boats
Item is a photograph of an oil painting by Canadian war artist Lieutenant (later Captain) George D. Pepper. The scene is of troops of the Royal Highlanders of Canada (The Black Watch) lowering six PDR anti-tank guns into storm boats at Burton-upon-Strather, North Lincolnshire, England. The photographs were sent to Brigadier Sherwood Lett from England to his Vancouver address in September 1944.
Brigadier Sherwood Lett at home with dog
George VI and Queen Elizabeth at troop inspection
Item is a post card photograph of George VI and Queen Elizabeth at a troop inspection in Britain, Brigadier Payant is foreground right, and Brigadier Sherwood Lett far right.
Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery, Brigadier Sherwood Lett and General Crerar at a grave
Item is a photograph of Brigadier Sherwood Lett and General H.D.G. Crerar at the grave of a fallen Canadian solider on the occasion of the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan's visit to the Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery in Hong Kong.
Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery, General Crerar placing a wreath
Item is a photograph of General H.D.G. Crerar placing a wreath at a ceremony at the flagpole at Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery on the occasion of the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan's visit to the cemetery during their visit to Hong Kong. Brigadier Sherwood Lett is visible at the far left and the other members of the Mission are visible in the background.
Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery, wreath and Canadian flag
Item is a photograph of a wreath and Canadian flag placed by the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan on the occasion of their visit to the Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery in Hong Kong.
Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan, General Crerar talking to Commonwealth military officials
Item is a photograph of General H.D.G. Crerar (second from left) talking to unidentified Commonwealth military officials at an airport during the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan's visit to Hong Kong.
Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan, General Crerar and Commonwealth military official
Item is a photograph of General H.D.G. Crerar (left) with an unidentified Commonwealth military official at an airport during the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan's visit to Hong Kong.
Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery, Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan returns from wreath placing
Item is a photograph of the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan walking up the steps between the graves at Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery after having placed a wreath at the flagpole, visible in the background. Brigadier Sherwood Lett is at the far left and General H.D.G. Crerar leads the group.
Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery, General Crerar carrying a wreath
Item is a photograph of General H.D.G. Crerar carrying a wreath on the occasion of the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan's visit to the Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery in Hong Kong.
Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery, Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan
Item is a photograph of the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan walking down the steps between the graves at Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery. General H.D.G. Crerar leads the group, front row left and Brigadier Sherwood Lett is at second row left.
Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan, General Crerar and Commonwealth military officials
Item is a photograph of General H.D.G. Crerar (second from right) talking to three unidentified Commonwealth military officials at an airport during the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan's visit to Hong Kong.
Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery, overlooking view
Item is a photograph of Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery from the top looking down, taken on the occasion of the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan's visit to the cemetery while they were in Hong Kong.
Item is a photograph of the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan at the Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery. Brigadier Sherwood Lett is at the far right and General H.D.G. Crerar is second from right.
Item is a photograph of the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan walking up the path between the graves at Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery. Brigadier Sherwood Lett is at the fifth from the right and General H.D.G. Crerar leads the group, third from the right.
Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery, wreath placing ceremony
Item is a photograph of Brigadier Sherwood Lett and General H.D.G. Crerar salute the Canadian flag at a wreath laying ceremony at the flagpole at Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery on the occasion of the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan's visit to the cemetery during their visit to Hong Kong. The other members of the Mission are visible in the background.
Item is a photograph of the Canadian Liaison Mission to Japan standing between the graves at Sai Wan Bay War Cemetery after having placed a wreath at the flagpole, visible in the background. Brigadier Sherwood Lett is at the far right and General H.D.G. Crerar is the second from the right.
Barossa Day dinner, toast at head table
Item is a photograph of an unidentified man at the head table making a toast at the annual Barossa Day full dress dinner held at the Vancouver Hotel by the Irish Fusiliers of Canada, Vancouver Regiment. The Hon. Frank Ross, Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia is visible at far left.
Barossa Day dinner, head table guests facing Fusiliers' piper
Item is a photograph of the men at the head table standing to face a Irish Fusiliers piper at the annual Barossa Day full dress dinner held at the Vancouver Hotel by the Irish Fusiliers of Canada, Vancouver Regiment. The Hon. Frank Ross, Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia is visible at far left.
Barossa Day dinner, Gen. Sir Ouvry Roberts conversing
Item is a photograph of General Sir Ouvry Lindfield Roberts (right) in conversation with two unidentified men at the annual Barossa Day full dress dinner held at the Vancouver Hotel by the Irish Fusiliers of Canada, Vancouver Regiment.
Barossa Day dinner, Lt. Col. John Avison of the Irish Fusiliers
Item is a photograph of Lt. Col. John Avison of the Irish Fusiliers and an unidentified man at the annual Barossa Day full dress dinner held at the Vancouver Hotel by the Irish Fusiliers of Canada, Vancouver Regiment.
Barossa Day dinner, two guests
Item is a photograph of [John Farris Q.C.] and an unidentified man at the annual Barossa Day full dress dinner held at the Vancouver Hotel by the Irish Fusiliers of Canada, Vancouver Regiment.
Barossa Day dinner, four guests stand with Barossa Cup
Item is a photograph of four unidentified men standing with the Barossa Cup at the annual Barossa Day full dress dinner held at the Vancouver Hotel by the Irish Fusiliers of Canada, Vancouver Regiment.
Barossa Day dinner, head table guest of honour, Lieut. Gov. Frank Ross
Item is a photograph of The Hon. Frank Ross, Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia sitting at the head table at the annual Barossa Day full dress dinner held at the Vancouver Hotel by the Irish Fusiliers of Canada, Vancouver Regiment.


I know, I know, still no pictures of the whole house. One reason for the holdup is that I'm doing little organization projects as I unpack. As a result, much of the house is still a disaster. Will it ever end?!
One of the things I really like about our kitchen is that it has lots of drawers. With plenty of room, I tucked away my most used spices in the large drawer next to the stove. I first transferred them to small jars found at a thrift store. Of course, the labels weren't correct, so I tackled DIY spice jar labels.
I already had the supplies on hand: adhesive backed kraft paper and 1.5" hole punch.
I drew 1.5" circles, then added text within the circles. After printing them out, I used the "Punch All Over the Page" from Martha Stewart. I bought it a couple of years ago at Michael's. Of course, you could cut them out by hand, but this is much quicker.
Center label in the opening of the bottom piece of the punch. Hold in place while attaching the top part of the punch. It's magnetic, so it'll just snap into place. Turn right side up and press to punch.
To ensure the labels are facing correctly, screw the lids onto the jars before attaching the labels. Don't ask me how I know.
Spices in alphabetical order- ahhh, that soothes my soul. Oh, I found the spice drawer organizer strips (affiliate link) on Amazon- they can be trimmed and are great for keeping the jars from wandering when I open the drawer. Six to a package- I have three left over.
What are your favorite spices? Have you ever bought spice jar sets and had to diy your spice jar labels?
I promise, I'll show you pics of the kitchen next time. After I clean off the countertops….
This is so beautiful! I love that it gives the spices such a uniform and clean look. I also am loving this new trend of putting spices in a drawer instead of on shelves, I hate having to dig around to find cumin! I came here from the Awesome Things Link party!
No, I never knew cute spice jars like this existed and they really look fabulous in the drawer. It's now spice heaven.
Ok when you are finished up over there, feel free to come to my house. Those are great!
These labels are so cute and really help to organize your spices. My spices are dull and boring in the original jars inside a cabinet door. You have inspired me to get better organized!


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text:
import {Platform} from '@angular/cdk/platform';
import {Injectable, NgZone, OnDestroy, Optional, Inject} from '@angular/core';
import {Observable, Subject} from 'rxjs';
import {auditTime} from 'rxjs/operators';
import {DOCUMENT} from '@angular/common';

/** Time in ms to throttle the resize events by default. */
export const DEFAULT_RESIZE_TIME = 20;

/** Object that holds the scroll position of the viewport in each direction. */
export interface ViewportScrollPosition {
  top: number;
  left: number;
}

/**
 * Simple utility for getting the bounds of the browser viewport.
 * @docs-private
 */
@Injectable({providedIn: 'root'})
export class ViewportRuler implements OnDestroy {
  /** Cached viewport dimensions. */
  private _viewportSize: {width: number; height: number} | null;

  /** Stream of viewport change events. */
  private readonly _change = new Subject<Event>();

  /** Event listener that will be used to handle the viewport change events. */
  private _changeListener = (event: Event) => {
    this._change.next(event);
  }

  /** Used to reference correct document/window */
  protected _document: Document;

  constructor(private _platform: Platform,
              ngZone: NgZone,
              @Optional() @Inject(DOCUMENT) document: any) {
    this._document = document;

    ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => {
      if (_platform.isBrowser) {
        const window = this._getWindow();

        // Note that bind the events ourselves, rather than going through something like RxJS's
        // `fromEvent` so that we can ensure that they're bound outside of the NgZone.
        window.addEventListener('resize', this._changeListener);
        window.addEventListener('orientationchange', this._changeListener);
      }

      // Clear the cached position so that the viewport is re-measured next time it is required.
      // We don't need to keep track of the subscription, because it is completed on destroy.
      this.change().subscribe(() => this._viewportSize = null);
    });
  }

  ngOnDestroy() {
    if (this._platform.isBrowser) {
      const window = this._getWindow();
      window.removeEventListener('resize', this._changeListener);
      window.removeEventListener('orientationchange', this._changeListener);
    }

    this._change.complete();
  }

  /** Returns the viewport's width and height. */
  getViewportSize(): Readonly<{width: number, height: number}> {
    if (!this._viewportSize) {
      this._updateViewportSize();
    }

    const output = {width: this._viewportSize!.width, height: this._viewportSize!.height};

    // If we're not on a browser, don't cache the size since it'll be mocked out anyway.
    if (!this._platform.isBrowser) {
      this._viewportSize = null!;
    }

    return output;
  }

  /** Gets a ClientRect for the viewport's bounds. */
  getViewportRect(): ClientRect {
    // Use the document element's bounding rect rather than the window scroll properties
    // (e.g. pageYOffset, scrollY) due to in issue in Chrome and IE where window scroll
    // properties and client coordinates (boundingClientRect, clientX/Y, etc.) are in different
    // conceptual viewports. Under most circumstances these viewports are equivalent, but they
    // can disagree when the page is pinch-zoomed (on devices that support touch).
    // See https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=489206#c4
    // We use the documentElement instead of the body because, by default (without a css reset)
    // browsers typically give the document body an 8px margin, which is not included in
    // getBoundingClientRect().
    const scrollPosition = this.getViewportScrollPosition();
    const {width, height} = this.getViewportSize();

    return {
      top: scrollPosition.top,
      left: scrollPosition.left,
      bottom: scrollPosition.top + height,
      right: scrollPosition.left + width,
      height,
      width,
    };
  }

  /** Gets the (top, left) scroll position of the viewport. */
  getViewportScrollPosition(): ViewportScrollPosition {
    // While we can get a reference to the fake document
    // during SSR, it doesn't have getBoundingClientRect.
    if (!this._platform.isBrowser) {
      return {top: 0, left: 0};
    }

    // The top-left-corner of the viewport is determined by the scroll position of the document
    // body, normally just (scrollLeft, scrollTop). However, Chrome and Firefox disagree about
    // whether `document.body` or `document.documentElement` is the scrolled element, so reading
    // `scrollTop` and `scrollLeft` is inconsistent. However, using the bounding rect of
    // `document.documentElement` works consistently, where the `top` and `left` values will
    // equal negative the scroll position.
    const document = this._document;
    const window = this._getWindow();
    const documentElement = document.documentElement!;
    const documentRect = documentElement.getBoundingClientRect();

    const top = -documentRect.top || document.body.scrollTop || window.scrollY ||
                 documentElement.scrollTop || 0;

    const left = -documentRect.left || document.body.scrollLeft || window.scrollX ||
                  documentElement.scrollLeft || 0;

    return {top, left};
  }

  /**
   * Returns a stream that emits whenever the size of the viewport changes.
   * This stream emits outside of the Angular zone.
   * @param throttleTime Time in milliseconds to throttle the stream.
   */
  change(throttleTime: number = DEFAULT_RESIZE_TIME): Observable<Event> {
    return throttleTime > 0 ? this._change.pipe(auditTime(throttleTime)) : this._change;
  }

  /** Use defaultView of injected document if available or fallback to global window reference */
  private _getWindow(): Window {
    return this._document.defaultView || window;
  }

  /** Updates the cached viewport size. */
  private _updateViewportSize() {
    const window = this._getWindow();
    this._viewportSize = this._platform.isBrowser ?
        {width: window.innerWidth, height: window.innerHeight} :
        {width: 0, height: 0};
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Back in 2016 when I purchased the Nintendo U for my Grandson for Christmas, the first game he asked for was Super Mario Maker. He made many courses as well as playing the ones already established. He has since moved on to other games and systems but every once in awhile he goes back to Super Mario Maker. With Nintendo Directs first arrival, they have went big with Super Mario Maker 2 as the announcement above shows. Super Mario Maker 2 is expected later this year.


text:
An update on oral proceedings at the European Patent Office
By Cyrille Poindron, 9 December 2021
Last July, the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the EPO issued decision G1/21, which authorises oral proceedings before the Boards of Appeal via videoconferencing during a period of general urgency, even if all parties have not given their consent. Cyrille Poindron outlines what this means in practice.
Oral proceedings are explicitly provided for by the European Patent Convention (EPC) if the European Patent Office (EPO) deems it useful, or upon request of one of the parties. In fact, it is often the last possibility for those parties to discuss a case under examination, opposition or appeal before the decision that closes the procedure. Accordingly, the oral procedure is almost always requested as a precaution; in particular, if an unfavourable decision is expected.
Since the beginning of the European patent (EP) in the 1980s, oral proceedings have been held in person at the EPO premises (Munich, The Hague or Berlin). Thanks to technological progress, oral proceedings have been held for some years now in the form of videoconferencing, if so requested by the parties, during examination proceedings.
As a result of the COVID-19 health crisis, oral proceedings by videoconference have become the norm, both in examination and in opposition or appeal, so as not to delay decisions. However, in some cases, parties have requested to maintain the oral proceedings in person, even if it means postponing the date because of the imposed travel restrictions. These requests to postpone and challenge the videoconference led the Enlarged Board of Appeal to consider the following question: is an oral procedure by videoconference compatible with the European Patent Convention (EPC), even if not all parties agree?
Is videoconferencing a choice or an obligation?
The initial answer was published in July last year and can be summarised as follows: "In cases of general urgency, oral proceedings before the Boards of Appeal in the form of videoconferencing are compatible with the EPC, even if not all parties have given their consent." The full decision, published at the end of October, is an interesting read, providing a number of additional insights.
Firstly, it's clear that the Enlarged Board of Appeal limited its answer to the appeal proceedings, as only this answer is necessary to allow the Board of Appeal that asked the question to rule on its case. Furthermore, the Enlarged Board of Appeal states that the term 'oral proceedings' is not limited to face-to-face proceedings. Rather, it is sufficient to be able to express oneself orally, even though when the article on oral proceedings came into force, no alternative to face-to-face meetings existed.
Secondly, the Enlarged Board of Appeal examined whether videoconferences are equivalent to face-to-face meetings and concluded that they are not. Even if one cannot, for example, have the same immediacy or the same reading of body language, videoconferences allow one to present one's case orally and allow the right to be heard to be respected.
The Enlarged Board of Appeal goes on to consider whether a party really has a "right to face-to-face proceedings". It is interesting to note that the Enlarged Board of Appeal considers that face-to-face proceedings are and remain the optimal way to conduct oral proceedings, and therefore constitute the "golden rule". Consequently, there must be good reasons for depriving a party of this golden rule, and the pandemic and travel restrictions are a reason to be considered in this category. On the other hand, the availability of rooms, interpreters and even the efficiency gains linked to videoconferencing are not to be taken into account in order to refuse a face-to-face procedure.
The Enlarged Board of Appeal concluded by considering the situation in European countries and noted that in some states videoconferencing may be made conditional on the consent of the parties, or imposed without the consent of the parties. In general, however, it noted a general reluctance to impose this format. As a result, the Enlarged Board of Appeal limited its decision to situations of general urgency.
In other words, videoconferencing in appeal proceedings will only be imposed during periods of general urgency and that oral proceedings in person remain the golden rule.
For further information on oral proceedings at the EPO or for assistance with European Patents more generally, please contact your Novagraaf attorney.
Cyrille Poindron is Director of Novagraaf's Mechanical & Process Department and is based in Geneva.
Get in touch for information and support
News & opinion Patents EU


BEAUTIFUL 47.50 ACRES IN GREAT LOCATION - This 47.50 tract includes appx. 7 wooded acres, 600 feet of road frontage, a 5 acre lake, beautiful rolling pastures and a charming old barn. This spot is perfect for building your dream home, a vacation home, wonderful horse property, great farming, hunting or having fun riding around on the RVs, or even use for photography It's completely fenced and has no covenants. This land can be sub-divided so it could be developed into subdivision or just for several homes. Easy Access to everything, including the Natchez Trace, Downtown Raymond, Clinton, Port Gibson, Vicksburg, Bolton, Byram etc. Quick drive anywhere!


"At our first coming together, you were not yet human. You did not possess a physical body. You were not incarnated upon earth. You were an angel. And you were not just any angel! You belonged to a family of angels who intended to pave the way for a new adventure in the cosmos. What was that adventure about? I will put this in very simple terms. In the cosmos, there is a law that like attracts like. For instance, after you die on earth, you are automatically drawn to an area in the spirit world that mirrors your state of consciousness. Your surroundings are a direct reflection of how you feel inside. There is a unity between inner and outer. In the spirit world, there are realms of light and realms of relative darkness. These realms are separated. This is not the case on earth, or so it would appear. On earth many different types of consciousness are present together and interact with one another. There is great diversity, and therefore earth is like a huge melting pot of different realms of consciousness.
Even here, it is the case that you create your own reality by your inner state of consciousness. However, this is something you gradually come to understand in the course of a deep spiritual quest. At first, you are greatly distracted on earth by an external world that does not seem to be created by your own mind at all. On the contrary, you seem to be the product of that reality rather than its creator. In the spirit world, the unity between inner and outer is simply a given, concrete and palpable. On earth, it takes a highly evolved consciousness to realize that oneness, and to take responsibility for oneself as creator.
On earth a special experiment takes place. When you are here in physical form, a veil is put over you so that you do not recognize your own divine creative power. It remains there until you awaken and see that you are God at the core of your being. Then the veil drops and you also recognize the deep underlying oneness that pervades all living creatures on earth. The process of awakening on earth is intense, and the very existence of earth gives a powerful evolutionary impulse to the entire spirit world. In the spirit world especially, there can be a lack of dynamics and of change. Indeed stagnation has taken place because all realms are so neatly separated. Change, growth, evolution occur when you meet and confront otherness. When I speak of meeting up with otherness, I do not mean having a polite chat with it, but rather a truly plunging into it. You learn and grow from diverse forms of consciousness not by studying them 'from above', but by becoming them. This is exactly what happens when you plunge into incarnation on earth. You take a dive into the deep, and by incarnating you connect to diverse realms of consciousness. This is how you forge a bridge between realms of being which would not have connected otherwise.