text:
4G GPS Trackers & Devices By Linxio
What is a 4g gps tracker?
A 4G GPS tracker is an electronic tracking device that helps transmit the real-time location of a vehicle or person using the global positioning system, also known as GPS. The data of the location is stored onto the tracking device and transmitted by using IOT enabled integration like a cellular connection that may be GPRS or SMS based.
A 4G GPS tracker integrated with a tracking solutions software can help locate and trace the location of a vehicle, asset or a person in real-time over the internet through a cloud interface, a desktop computer or a smartphone app.
The 4G GPS tracker is an easy device to set up and track as it follows a simple plug & play interface to get things started. The data is relayed using an active 4G based SIM card that is inserted into the tracking device. The 4g gps tracking device can act as a gps tracker with sim card activated solution.
Once the 4G SIM is activated, the coordinates of the device are transmitted over a GSM network to the entitled tracking service that displays the location of the device on an interactive map interface.
The 4G GPS tracker can also be used for secondary operations such as relaying the on-board diagnostics onto a remote server or a device for data interpretations.
The tracking device is generally powered by the power generated at the source, through an independent battery or a power source on the vehicle itself.
Other features of a standalone 4G GPS tracker include remote auto immobilizing system, motion detection notifications and anti-theft alerts.
Additionally, a 4G GPS tracker should be IPv6 or IPv7 ready to withstand the unpredictable environments that might be faced based on different terrains and versatile product usage.
With the progression of time, 3G based devices are being out for a newer generation 4G band devices. Global network providers already shut down their 2G network in a lot of countries and have already planned to shutdown the 3G network in 2020 to make way for 5G, so to future-proof your business, a 4G ready GPS tracking device is very important.
In response to this, Linxio has made available a complete range of 4G LTE GPS Tracking devices with, but not just any 4G modems will do for our GPS trackers, we have used a specific 4G modem that runs the NB IoT & CAT M1 Network, a network that is dedicated to GPS trackers and IoT devices.
Linxio offers a wide range of high-quality GPS tracking devices to suit all budgets and requirements, from the low-cost TR500 vehicle tracker to the AT36 standalone GPS tracker with impressive 8-year battery life.
Linxio has GPS tracking devices that help in complete fleet tracking and management solutions, asset tracking services and personal tracking.
What type of GPS trackers does Linxio offer?
Our most popular models include;
For Fleet Management Solutions: TR500, TR800, VX60
For Asset Management Solutions: AT12, AT12, MA100
For Personal Tracking Solutions: PN40
Still, need to learn more about GPS tracking and learn how Linxio can help businesses boost profits and offer customised tracking solutions to run fleets better.
Give us a call to book a free demo and enjoy our 30 days free trial with a money-back guarantee.
To learn more, click here.
Why choose Linxio as your GPS Fleet Management Provider?
Latest 4G Technology
We only use the latest 4G GPS tracking devices to future-proof your business.
Real-time Tracking
Data is updated in real-time, not every 5+ minutes like some other companies.
Constantly updated
Our software is ever evolving, constantly updated with new and innovating features.
Highly Secure
Highly secure, penetration tested software with 256bit military grade encryption.
We believe our hardware is the highest quality available and stand by a lifetime warranty.
No contracts with our software plans mean we work hard to keep your business
We will not be beaten on price for and will beat any quote for a comparable product.
We're Trusted
Over 1500+ companies trust Linxio from large multi-nationals to small business owners.


To access Stage One and Stage Two assessments, please login with the email address you used to register and your password. Passwords are case sensitive.
If you have not yet registered for this service, then please do so by clicking here.


Natural wood reclaimed solid wood coffee table with iron. Custom solid hardwood table tops live edge slabs. Coffee table: top natural wood coffee table vintage style. Coffee table top natural wood coffee table vintage style.


Get free shipping on USA orders over $49 at 499inks.com. Order now!
Subscribe and get 5% OFF on first order applies to all items except Original Brand Cartridges.
Get 5% off on your first order at sitewide. Use our exclusive coupon code TRY499 at check out!
Get Upto 30% Off Sale Price on All Products at Sitewide. No Code Needed. Order now!
499inks was introduced in 2012 and offer 3 things to customer, lowest price, high quality and with best customer service. They offer hundreds of ink cartridges at lowest prices. They never sacrifice quality for price, never make that mistake and instead test and carefully launch new products only if they meet or exceed expectations of original-like quality. They expanded 499inks to include hundreds of new products with over 100 new toner cartridges price at just $24.99 or less. Hundreds of ink and toner cartridges at rock bottom prices.
Found a coupon for 499inks?


text:
Q: VB .Net My.Application.CommandLineArgs I'm using My.Application.CommandLineArgs.Item(0) and My.Application.CommandLineArgs.Item(1) , I pass in the arguments through the path of a short cut like so.
"C:\SystemCheck.exe" -p:C:\TrackingPages\ -f:Tracking.exe

I'm making this from scratch based off old code, so the -p: and the -f: are old identifiers that are attached to all the shortcuts which I do want to change!
My.Application.CommandLineArgs.Item(0) --> -p:C:\TrackingPages\
My.Application.CommandLineArgs.Item(1) --> -f:Tracking.exe

The above example works great with my program.
Here is my problem, if the path has a space in it, it sets those arguments like shown below.
"C:\SystemCheck.exe" -p:C:\Tracking Pages\ -f:Tracking.exe

My.Application.CommandLineArgs.Item(0) --> -p:C:\Tracking
My.Application.CommandLineArgs.Item(1) --> Pages\

I know that if I were to put double " " Around the path and file it would work great and fix the problem how the  My.Application.CommandLineArgs receives the information. But I do not want change how the paths are already set up.

A: That is how command line arguments work. If you really don't want to enclose the path in double quotes, I think you will have to be prepared to loop through all the arguments (joining them together with spaces in between) until you either find an argument that begins with -f: or you reach the end of the arguments.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Black History Month: how a week became 28 days
By Andrew Henry
February is Black History Month, but why?
When 10 students on Delaware County's Marple Campus were asked, nine of them admitted to having absolutely no idea.
"Isn't is because February is the shortest month of the year?" asked Angel Goins, a criminal justice major.
The reason February was chosen has nothing to do with the length of the month. It was chosen by a black man named Carter G. Woodson, the second black man to earn a doctorate degree from Harvard University, according to Daryl Michael Scott, a professor of History at Howard University and vice president for Programs of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History.
In 1915 Woodson went to Illinois to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the emancipation of the slaves in the United States. The event commemorated the progress black people in America had made since the abolition of slavery. Approximately 6000 to 12,000 black U.S. citizens attended the three-week event, according to Scott.
Due to the overwhelming turnout, Woodson formed an organization known as the Association For the Study of Negro life (ASNLH), which promoted the study of African people's history and genealogy, and the sharing of those findings.
Woodson thought that sharing the historical facts about Africans would help to improve race relations by changing the way that Africans were perceived.
In 1926, Woodson established that a week in February would be known as Negro History Week and would be used to promote and teach the history of black people, writes Scott.
The Month of February was chosen because it holds the birthdays of Frederick Douglass, a former slave turned abolitionist, and President Abraham Lincoln, the president who wrote the Emancipation Proclamation to free the slaves.
In 1976, 50 years after the establishment of Negro history week, the ASNLH finally had enough influence to establish Black History Month, and since then every president has acknowledged February as Black History Month, according to Scott.
DCCC's Marple campus will be holding events all throughout the month February.
Allyson Gleason, director of Campus Life at DCCC expressed the importance of promoting diversity on campus both during Black History Month, and all year long.
"It's important to acknowledge and celebrate different cultures," Gleason said. "We try to reach out to everyone, which is why we had the play 'Tres Vidas' in October for Hispanic Heritage Month."
Contact Andrew Henry at communitarian@mail.dccc.edu
February 13, 2018 February 13, 2018 National News
Previous Previous post: Bleeding green while crying tears of joy
Next Next post: Fly Eagles fly on the road to the victory!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


this gif of Spanky from the Little Rascals/ Our Gang!
these beautiful Christmas twigs-- everything on that whole site is cottage-y and lovely, actually!
For the last year I have been craving neutral tone linen/cotton yarn, and I've always imagined it having a texture like that. You should knit yourself a neutral colored sweater to cuddle up in to brighten up the winter (although your kitty is likely helping with that too). I love your pretty things collections, they always brighten my day a little.


The nearest major airport is Windsor International Airport (YQG / CYQG). This airport has domestic flights from Windsor, Canada and is 9 miles from the center of Detroit, MI.
Another major airport is Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport (DTW / KDTW), which has international and domestic flights and is 23 miles from Detroit, MI.
Search for direct flights from your hometown and find hotels near Detroit, MI, or scroll down for more international airports or domestic airports. You can also browse local airports if you're a pilot.


The Mens Toiletry Bag is a stylish, gender-neutral gray and blue bag, featuring a double-zip and velcro closure to ensure safe travel and storage for your favorite Dermalogica products. Inside, the bag boasts side mesh pockets and one large, shallow compartment with ample room for razors, deodorant, shave gel, cleansers and sunscreens. When fully expanded, the bag measures 10 inch long, 5 inch deep and 4.5 inch high.


Innovative brush design features soft Dupont™ Tynex® bristles with Power Tip on one side, an effective rubber tongue cleaner on the reverse side.
It's a toothbrush and a tongue cleaner in one sleek looking design.
Six Plak Smacker dual brushes. Only $2.50 per brush.


battery operated wall lights uk sconces lighting lamps powered light ligh.
battery operated wall lights lowes light sconces fixtures image of w.
battery operated wall light with remote powered sconces lights idea o.
battery powered led wall lamp operated lamps medium size of remote wireless light.
nightlux battery powered led wall light operated sconces sconce image of with remote shades.
battery operated led light wall clock lights lamp indoor sconce lantern.
battery operated led wall lights uk lamps good picture for light f.
battery operated led light wall clock lamps powered sconce frosted marble conical shade indoor outdoo.
battery operated wall lights lowes lamps powered motion sensor outdoor led sconces amusing.
battery operated wall lamps for sale lights interior light indoor li.
battery operated ceiling wall light with remote lights interior powered beautiful.
battery operated indoor wall lamps powered light lights sconce lamp ope.
battery operated led wall lights uk sconces light fixtures and best mounted powered co.
battery powered interior wall lights uk operated sconce with remote sconces led medium size of l.
battery operated indoor wall sconce sconces lights wireless lighting image of batte.
battery operated wall lights uk powered sconce home design ideas mounted led sconces light up your image of.
battery powered led wall lamp lamps operated light sconce with remo.
battery operated wall lights lowes art glass sconce with remote control jewel.
battery powered indoor wall lamp operated lighting home lamps for unique white design tabl.
battery powered wall sconce light operated lamps lighting inspiring.
battery operated wall lights lowes sconce powered sconces candles scon.
battery operated wall lights lowes sconce powered.
battery operated wall sconce uk powered indoor sconces lights luxury lamps and led wireless large size of with remote ind.
battery operated indoor wall lamps mounted lights powered cordless light o.
battery operated wall light sconces sconce with remote medium size of wireless led home lighting wa.
battery powered indoor wall lamp wireless lamps elegant light operated medium size of remote sconces sconce.
battery operated wall lamps uk lights popular portab.
sierra tools battery operated ceiling wall light with remote sconce sconces control bat.
battery operated wall lights uk solar powered sconce designs.


Dust mites may be the most common trigger of year-round allergies and asthma. If you are suffering nasal allergy or skin allergy, you probably influence by dust mites.
Dust mites are microscopic bugs. They can't be seen by our naked eyes. Under a microscope, dust mites have eight legs and look like a white bug. Dust mites flourish in the warm, with humidity level of 60% – 80%.
Dust mites is feed mainly on the tiny flakes of human skin that people shed each day. These flakes work their way deep into the inner layers of furniture, carpets, beddings and even stuffed toys.
– UV dust mites killer UV technological is scientifically proven for its germicidal effect. Reduce dust mites and bed bugs infestation up to 90%, effectively kill bacteria such as – Salmonella, E.coll and staphylococcus Aureus.
– Handheld floor cleaner with extendable telescopic tube can be used to remove floor dust and small particles easily. Easily glides over surface with 5m length of power cord.
– Handy vacuum type with small nozzle brush suitable to clean the narrow & small space such as car, keyboard and etc.
[[ $95.99 Only – Cyber Monday deals week ]] It is effectively used for clearance of dust mite, allergens, bacteria on our bed, pillows, carpets and other home fabric, but not to erase insect/ pests.


The clip show can be one of the lamest, and laziest, of all sitcom episodes. So extra kudos to The Big Bang Theory writers for giving us the preferably pithy clip scene in this final-season episode that also sheds some wonderful insight on Sheldon Cooper's backstory and ties the series cleverly to its spinoff, Young Sheldon.
While Sheldon is editing his wedding photos on his computer — Photoshopping the Wright brothers into a pic with Amy's dad because he admires Orville, and "Wilbur because he's Orville's plus one" — he gets an email from someone named Tam. Young Sheldon viewers know Tam is Sheldon's childhood BFF, his only friend, in fact, and the one who introduced him to such pop-culture obsessions as comic books.
Sheldon, however, is not happy to hear from his friend, not excited that Tam is reaching out because he's going to be bringing his son on a campus tour of Caltech. Amy, and Sheldon's friends, are shocked to find out Sheldon even had a friend before them because he's never mentioned one. When they learn the two haven't spoken in decades, and that Tam is now on Sheldon's enemies list (which he recently digitized and made searchable by first name, last name, and length of grudge), they're desperate to know what Tam did (or how Sheldon misinterpreted it) to get Sheldon's dander up permanently.
A look at Sheldon's enemies list isn't helpful; he merely indicates that Tam knows what he did. But when Leonard, Howard, and Raj scope out Tam during his Caltech visit, they're more frustrated to find out Tam doesn't know what he did. When Sheldon confronts him, angrily, and stalks off, Tam reveals he wasn't aware Sheldon even had a problem with him.
Leonard, meanwhile, has earned a spot on the enemies list because of his interference in the Tam matter.
Finally, after Amy comes home and hears Sheldon on the phone trying to replace Leonard with Howard as his new BFF (Howard is as unexcited about accepting the new position as Sheldon is to be offering it), she gets the Tam story out of him. When teenage Sheldon was accepted to grad school at Caltech, Tam had promised to move from Texas to California with him and be his roommate. Then Tam met a girl the summer before Sheldon was to leave, and decided to stay with her in the Lone Star state.
"Even after reading all the pamphlets I gave him about social diseases," Sheldon says.
A lonely, scared Sheldon moved by himself, concerned he'd never make another friend, and for a long time, he tells Amy, he didn't.
Cue that clip scene, a delicious montage of some of TBBT's greatest moments, which begins with Leonard knocking on Sheldon's door to inquire about a room for rent. But in this new, Sheldon-imagined edit of that scene, Tam is inside the apartment, and tells Sheldon to reject Leonard as a new roomie.
We see Sheldon and Tam, not Leonard, meeting their new neighbor, Penny.
And we see Tam, not Leonard, chasing a stressed out, "Bazinga!"-ing Sheldon around a ball pit.
"No, my life woulda still been great," Sheldon says after visions of his alt-life with Tam. Later, realizing Amy is right about how he could have missed out on his current group of friends, Sheldon meets with Tam and tells him he forgives him. Tam's still confused, but tells Sheldon he'd fallen in love back in Texas. Besides, he knew his brilliant friend would go off and do great things, meet great new people. Tam's happy with his life, too, he says, a fact Sheldon refuses to acknowledge, because … Sheldon. "Oh Tam, you don't need to be brave on my account," Sheldon says, after Tam tells him he has a great wife and amazing children. "I'm very happy," Tam insists.
Backing up the Sheldon-centric story line is the furthering of Raj's relationship with new fiancée, Anu. Penny and Bernadette decide they should get to know the person who's about to become a member of their group, so they go to the swanky hotel where she's a concierge to meet her.
Raj's not thrilled with their liquored-up loose lips, so Penny and Bernie decide they need to make it up to him … during another dinner chat with Anu, at another local hot spot.
"Do you think she can get us into Soho House?" Penny wonders.
• Sheldon had an imaginary talking koala as a childhood friend. Leonard says it also betrayed Sheldon.
• In an effort to learn more about Tam, Leonard, Howard, and Raj call Sheldon's brother George (guest star Jerry O'Connell). George knows nothing about Sheldon's 20-year rift with Tam — he actually thinks he had an entire conversation with Tam at the Shamy wedding — but he does reveal he is, or was, on Sheldon's enemies list for peeing into his bro's shampoo bottle.


text:
Philosophy of Biology > Evolutionary Biology > Levels and Units of Selection > Group Selection
View topic on PhilPapers for more information
Gene Selection (8)
The Selfish Gene (5)
Organismic Selection (6)
Levels and Units of Selection, Misc (19)
Jobs in this area
Visiting Lecturer
Lecturer Pool - Department of Rhetoric - UC Berkeley
Jobs from PhilJobs
22 found
Listing datebook priceFirst authorImpactPub yearDownloads Order
BibTeX / EndNote / RIS / etc
Export this page: Choose a format.. Formatted textPlain textBibTeXZoteroEndNoteReference Manager
Limit to items.
published only
categorization shortcuts
hide abstracts
open articles in new windows
Open Category Editor
Using PhilArchive from home?
Create an account to enable off-campus access through your institution's proxy server.
Monitor this page
Be alerted of all new items appearing on this page. Choose how you want to monitor it:
More results on PhilPapers
added 2019-06-26
The Trajectory of Evolution and its Implications for Humanity.John E. Stewart - 2019 - Journal of Big History (3):141-155.details
Does the Big History of life on Earth disclose a trajectory that has been driven by selection? If so, will the trajectory continue to apply into the future? This paper argues that such a trajectory exists, and examines some of its key implications. The most important consequence is that humanity can use the trajectory to guide how it evolves and adapts into the future. This is because the trajectory identifies a sequence of adaptations that will be favoured by selection. If (...) humanity intentionally evolves its social systems and psychological capacities so that they follow the trajectory, humanity can avoid negative selection and instead survive and thrive indefinitely into the future. This would enable humanity to make a positive contribution to the future evolution of life in the universe. But it turns out that immediate selection will not drive the evolution of life on Earth further along this trajectory. Instead, intentional action by humanity is necessary. It is as if the evolution of life on any planet is a developmental process that has a very unusual characteristic: evolution will continue to develop successfully beyond a certain point only if it produces a sentient organism that: (i) awakens to the possibility it is embedded in a developing process; (ii) realizes that this developing process will continue successfully only if it chooses to intentionally drive the process forward; and (iii) commits to doing whatever is necessary to achieve this. On this planet, humanity is that sentient organism. The existence of such a key evolutionary role for humanity is capable of providing humanity with meaning and purpose in a larger scheme of things. For individuals who commit to driving the process forward, the nature of the trajectory has immediate consequences for what they should do with their lives, here and now. (shrink)
Remove from this list Download
The Origins of Life: The Managed-Metabolism Hypothesis.John E. Stewart - 2018 - Foundations of Science:1-25.details
The 'managed-metabolism' hypothesis suggests that a 'cooperation barrier' must be overcome if self-producing chemical organizations are to undergo the transition from non-life to life. This dynamical barrier prevents un-managed autocatalytic networks of molecular species from individuating into complex, cooperative organizations. The barrier arises because molecular species that could otherwise make significant cooperative contributions to the success of an organization will often not be supported within the organization, and because side reactions and other 'free-riding' processes will undermine cooperation. As a result, (...) the barrier seriously impedes the emergence of individuality, complex functionality and the transition to life. This barrier is analogous to the cooperation barrier that also impedes the emergence of complex cooperation at all levels of living organization. As has been shown at other levels of organization, the barrier can be overcome comprehensively by appropriate 'management'. Management implements a system of evolvable constraints that can overcome the cooperation barrier by ensuring that beneficial co-operators are supported within the organization and by suppressing free-riders. In this way, management can control and manipulate the chemical processes of a collectively autocatalytic organization, producing novel processes that serve the interests of the organization as a whole and that could not arise and persist in an un-managed chemical organization. Management self-organizes because it is able to capture some of the benefits that are produced when its interventions promote cooperation, thereby enhancing productivity. Selection will therefore favour the emergence of managers that take over and manage chemical organizations so as to overcome the cooperation barrier. The managed-metabolism hypothesis demonstrates that if management is to overcome the cooperation barrier comprehensively, its interventions must be digitally coded. In this way, the hypothesis accounts for the two-tiered structure of all living cells in which a digitally-coded genetic apparatus manages an analogically-informed metabolism.GraphicalOpen image in new window. (shrink)
Evolution's Arrow: The Direction of Evolution and the Future of Humanity.John E. Stewart - 2000 - Canberra: The Chapman Press.details
Evolution's Arrow argues that evolution is directional and progressive, and that this has major consequences for humanity. Without resort to teleology, the book demonstrates that evolution moves in the direction of producing cooperative organisations of greater scale and evolvability - evolution has organised molecular processes into cells, cells into organisms, and organisms into societies. The book founds this position on a new theory of the evolution of cooperation. It shows that self-interest at the level of the genes does not prevent (...) cooperation from increasing as evolution unfolds. Evolution progresses by discovering ways to build cooperative organisations out of self-interested individuals. The book also shows that evolution itself has evolved. Evolution has progressively improved the ability of evolutionary mechanisms to discover effective adaptations. And it has produced new and better mechanisms. Evolution's Arrow uses this understanding of the direction of evolution to identify the next great steps in the evolution of life on earth - the steps that humanity must take if we are to continue to be successful in evolutionary terms. A key step for humanity is to increase the scale and evolvability of our societies, eventually forming a unified and cooperative society on the scale of the planet. We must also transform ourselves psychologically to become self-evolving organisms - organisms that are able to escape their biological and cultural past by adapting in whatever directions are necessary to achieve future evolutionary success. (shrink)
Bookmark 1 citation
The Price Equation.Alan Macdonald - manuscriptdetails
I give concise derivations of Price's equation and the criteria for kin and group selection, prove that kin and group selection are equivalent, and discuss the controversies about altruism.
Is There an Empirical Disagreement Between Genic and Genotypic Selection Models? A Response to Brandon and Nijhout.Naftali Weinberger - 2011 - Philosophy of Science 78 (2):225-237.details
In a recent paper, Brandon and Nijhout argue against genic selectionism—the thesis, roughly, that evolutionary processes are best understood from the gene's-eye point of view—by presenting a case in which genic models of selection allegedly make predictions that conflict with the (correct) predictions of higher-level genotypic selection models. Their argument, if successful, would refute the widely held belief that genic models and higher-level models are predictively equivalent. Here, I argue that Brandon and Nijhout fail to demonstrate that the models make (...) incompatible predictions. (shrink)
Bookmark 2 citations
The Dead Hands of Group Selection and Phenomenology -- A Review of Individuality and Entanglement by Herbert Gintis 357p (2017).Michael Starks - 2017 - In Suicidal Utopian Delusions in the 21st Century: Philosophy, Human Nature and the Collapse of Civilization-- Articles and Reviews 2006-2017 2nd Edition Feb 2018. Henderson: Michael Starks.details
Since Gintis is a senior economist and I have read some of his previous books with interest, I was expecting some more insights into behavior. Sadly he makes the dead hands of group selection and phenomenology into the centerpieces of his theories of behavior, and this largely invalidates the work. Worse, since he shows such bad judgement here, it calls into question all his previous work. The attempt to resurrect group selection by his friends at Harvard, Nowak and Wilson, a (...) few years ago was one of the major scandals in biology in the last decade, and I have recounted the sad story in my article 'Altruism, Jesus and the End of the World—how the Templeton Foundation bought a Harvard Professorship and attacked Evolution, Rationality and Civilization -- A review of E.O. Wilson 'The Social Conquest of Earth' (2012) and Nowak and Highfield 'SuperCooperators' (2012).' Unlike Nowak, Gintis does not seem to be motivated by religious fanaticism, but by the strong desire to generate an alternative to the grim realities of human nature, made easy by the (near universal) lack of understanding of basic human biology and blank slateism of behavioral scientists, other academics, and the general public. -/- Gintis rightly attacks (as he has many times before) economists, sociologists and other behavioral scientists for not having a coherent framework to describe behavior. Of course the framework needed to understand behavior is an evolutionary one. Unfortunately he fails to provide one himself (according to his many critics and I concur), and the attempt to graft the rotten corpse of group selection onto whatever economic and psychological theories he has generated in his decades of work, merely invalidates his entire project. Although Gintis makes a valiant effort to understand and explain the genetics, like Wilson and Nowak, he is far from an expert, and like them, the math just blinds him to the biological impossibilities and of course this is the norm in science. As Wittgenstein famously noted on the first page of Culture and Value "There is no religious denomination in which the misuse of metaphysical expressions has been responsible for so much sin as it has in mathematics." -/- It has always been crystal clear that a gene that causes behavior which decreases its own frequency cannot persist, but this is the core of the notion of group selection. Furthermore, it has been well known and often demonstrated that group selection just reduces to inclusive fitness (kin selection), which, as Dawkins has noted, is just another name for evolution by natural selection. Like Wilson, Gintis has worked in this arena for about 50 years and still has not grasped it, but after the scandal broke, it took me only 3 days to find, read and understand the most relevant professional work, as detailed in my article. It is mind boggling to realize that Gintis and Wilson were unable to accomplish this in nearly half a century. -/- I discuss the errors of group selection and phenomenology that are the norm in academia as special cases of the near universal failure to understand human nature that are destroying America and the world. -/- Those who wish to read all my articles please consult the ebook here Philosophy, Human Nature and the Collapse of Civilization -- Articles and Reviews 2006-2016 by Michael Starks 662p (2016) -/- All of my papers and books have now been published in revised versions both in ebooks and in printed books. -/- Talking Monkeys: Philosophy, Psychology, Science, Religion and Politics on a Doomed Planet - Articles and Reviews 2006-2017 (2017) https://www.amazon.com/dp/B071HVC7YP. -/- The Logical Structure of Philosophy, Psychology, Mind and Language in Ludwig Wittgenstein and John Searle--Articles and Reviews 2006-2016 (2017) https://www.amazon.com/dp/B071P1RP1B. -/- Suicidal Utopian Delusions in the 21st century: Philosophy, Human Nature and the Collapse of Civilization - Articles and Reviews 2006-2017 (2017) https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0711R5LGX -/- . (shrink)
Another Attack on Evolution, Rationality and Civilization. A Review of Nowak and Highfield 'SuperCooperators' (2012).Starks Michael - 2016 - In Michael Starks (ed.), Suicidal Utopian Delusions in the 21st Century: Philosophy, Human Nature and the Collapse of Civilization-- Articles and Reviews 2006-2017 2nd Edition Feb 2018. Michael Starks. pp. 555-560.details
Nowak is (or was) a respected Harvard professor of mathematical biology with numerous well regarded publications. Sadly, he has chosen to launch an arrogant attack on science motivated by religious fervor. His recent actions show the evil consequences when universities accept money from religious groups, science journals are so awed by big names that they avoid proper peer review, and egos are permitted to get out of control. Most of this book is good, but it repeats the utterly misconceived attacks (...) on inclusive fitness in favor of group selection which he and his much more famous Harvard colleague E.O.Wilson have been making the last 5 years, so it is on that chapter of the book that I will concentrate. This takes us into the nature of evolution, the basics of scientific methodology, how math relates to science, what constitutes a law or a theory, and what attitudes to religion and generosity are appropriate as we inexorably approach the collapse of industrial civilization. -/- Those wishing a comprehensive up to date framework for human behavior from the modern two systems view may consult my book 'The Logical Structure of Philosophy, Psychology, Mind and Language in Ludwig Wittgenstein and John Searle' 2nd ed (2019). Those interested in more of my writings may see 'Talking Monkeys--Philosophy, Psychology, Science, Religion and Politics on a Doomed Planet--Articles and Reviews 2006-2019 3rd ed (2019), The Logical Structure of Human Behavior (2019), and Suicidal Utopian Delusions in the 21st Century 4th ed (2019). (shrink)
Altruism, Jesus and the End of the World—How the Templeton Foundation Bought a Harvard Professorship and Attacked Evolution, Rationality and Civilization. A Review of E.O. Wilson 'The Social Conquest of Earth' (2012) and Nowak and Highfield 'SuperCooperators' (2012).Starks Michael - 2016 - In Michael Starks (ed.), Suicidal Utopian Delusions in the 21st Century: Philosophy, Human Nature and the Collapse of Civilization-- Articles and Reviews 2006-2017 2nd Edition Feb 2018. Michael Starks. pp. 527-532.details
Famous ant-man E.O. Wilson has always been one of my heroes --not only an outstanding biologist, but one of the tiny and vanishing minority of intellectuals who at least dares to hint at the truth about our nature that others fail to grasp, or insofar as they do grasp, studiously avoid for of political expedience. Sadly, he is ending his long career in a most sordid fashion as a party to an ignorant and arrogant attack on science motivated at least (...) in part by religious fervor. It shows the vile consequences when universities accept money from religious groups, science journals are so awed by big names that they avoid proper peer review, and when egos are permitted to get out of control. It takes us into the nature of evolution, the basics of scientific methodology, how math relates to science, what constitutes a theory, and even what attitudes to religion and generosity are appropriate as we inexorably approach the collapse of industrial civilization. -/- Those wishing a comprehensive up to date framework for human behavior from the modern two systems view may consult my book 'The Logical Structure of Philosophy, Psychology, Mind and Language in Ludwig Wittgenstein and John Searle' 2nd ed (2019). Those interested in more of my writings may see 'Talking Monkeys--Philosophy, Psychology, Science, Religion and Politics on a Doomed Planet--Articles and Reviews 2006-2019 3rd ed (2019), The Logical Structure of Human Behavior (2019), and Suicidal Utopian Delusions in the 21st Century 4th ed (2019). (shrink)
Excellent Beauty: The Naturalness of Religion and the Unnaturalness of the World.Eric Dietrich - 2015 - Columbia University Press.details
Flipping convention on its head, Eric Dietrich argues that science uncovers awe-inspiring, enduring mysteries, while religion, regarded as the source for such mysteries, is a biological phenomenon. Just like spoken language, Dietrich shows that religion is an evolutionary adaptation. Science is the source of perplexing yet beautiful mysteries, however natural the search for answers may be to human existence. _Excellent Beauty_ undoes our misconception of scientific inquiry as an executioner of beauty, making the case that science has won the battle (...) with religion so thoroughly it can now explain why religion persists. The book also draws deep lessons for human flourishing from the very existence of scientific mysteries. It is these latter wonderful, completely _public_ truths that constitute some strangeness in the proportion, revealing a universe worthy of awe and wonder. (shrink)
Adaptation, Multilevel Selection and Organismality: A Clash of Perspectives.Ellen Clarke - forthcoming - In Richard Joyce (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Evolution and Philosophy. Routledge.details
The concept of adaptation is pivotal to modern evolutionary thinking, but it has long been the subject of controversy, especially in respect of the relative roles of selection versus constraints in explaining the traits of organisms. This paper tackles a different problem for the concept of adaptation: its interpretation in light of multilevel selection theory. In particular, I arbitrate a dispute that has broken out between the proponents of rival perspectives on multilevel adaptations. Many experts now say that multilevel and (...) kin selection views are mathematically equivalent to one another—that the mathematical accounting of evolution can be carried out at any hierarchical level one chooses. But what does this formal equivalence imply - are they equivalent in other ways too? I show here that significant conceptual non-equivalence has survived: the two sides commit to different views regarding how much selection has to act at a level before we can call traits at that level adaptations; about whether policing mechanisms are adaptations, and about whether non-organisms can bear adaptations. (shrink)
The Generational Cycle of State Spaces and Adequate Genetical Representation.Elisabeth A. Lloyd, Richard C. Lewontin & and Marcus W. Feldman - 2008 - Philosophy of Science 75 (2):140-156.details
Most models of generational succession in sexually reproducing populations necessarily move back and forth between genic and genotypic spaces. We show that transitions between and within these spaces are usually hidden by unstated assumptions about processes in these spaces. We also examine a widely endorsed claim regarding the mathematical equivalence of kin-, group-, individual-, and allelic-selection models made by Lee Dugatkin and Kern Reeve. We show that the claimed mathematical equivalence of the models does not hold. *Received January 2007; revised (...) April 2008. †To contact the authors, please write to: Elisabeth Lloyd, Department of History and Philosophy of Science, 130 Goodbody Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405; e-mail: ealloyd@indiana.edu; Richard Lewontin, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; Marcus Feldman, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; e-mail: marc@charles.stanford.edu. (shrink)
Why the Gene Will Not Return.Elisabeth A. Lloyd - 2005 - Philosophy of Science 72 (2):287-310.details
I argue that four of the fundamental claims of those calling themselves `genic pluralists'Philip Kitcher, Kim Sterelny, and Ken Watersare defective. First, they claim that once genic selectionism is recognized, the units of selection problems will be dissolved. Second, Sterelny and Kitcher claim that there are no targets of selection. Third, Sterelny, Kitcher, and Waters claim that they have a concept of genic causation that allows them to give independent genic causal accounts of all selection processes. I argue that each (...) one of these claims is either false or misleading. Moreover, the challenge that arises from the availability of genic causal accounts, namely, the inability to choose on rational grounds among genic and higher-level accounts, is unsupported. (shrink)
Bookmark 16 citations
DNA Habitats and Their RNA Inhabitants.Guenther Witzany (ed.) - 2015details
Most molecular biological concepts derive from physical chemical assumptions about the genetic code that are basically more than 40 years old. Additionally, systems biology, another quantitative approach, investigates the sum of interrelations to obtain a more holistic picture of nucleotide sequence order. Recent empirical data on genetic code compositions and rearrangements by mobile genetic elements and non-coding RNAs, together with results of virus research and their role in evolution, does not really fit into these concepts and compel a re-examination. In (...) this review we try to find an alternate hypothesis. It seems plausible now that if we look at the abundance of regulatory RNAs and persistent viruses in host genomes, we will find more and more evidence that the key players that edit the genetic codes of host genomes are consortia of RNA agents and viruses that drive evolutionary novelty and regulation of cellular processes in all steps of development. This agent-based approach may lead to a qualitative RNA sociology that investigates and identifies relevant behavioural motifs of cooperative RNA consortia. In addition to molecular biological perspectives this may lead to a better understanding of genetic code evolution and dynamics. (shrink)
Pragmatic Turn in Biology: From Biological Molecules To.Guenther Witzany - 2014 - World Journal of Biological Chemistry 5 (3):279-285.details
Cooperation and Its Evolution.Fritz J. McDonald - 2015 - Philosophical Psychology 28 (8):1253-1255.details
Review of Cooperation and its Evolution, edited by Kim Sterelny, Richard Joyce, Brett Calcott, and Ben Fraser.
Species Selection on Variability.Elisabeth A. Lloyd & Gould Stephen J. - 1993 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90:595-599.details
this requirement for adaptations. Emergent characters are always potential adaptations. Not all selection processes produce adaptations, however. The key issue, in delineating a selection process, is the relationship between a character and fitness. The emergent character approach is more restrictive than alternative schemas that delineate selection..
Pathways to Pluralism About Biological Individuality.Beckett Sterner - 2015 - Biology and Philosophy 30 (5):609-628.details
What are the prospects for a monistic view of biological individuality given the multiple epistemic roles the concept must satisfy? In this paper, I examine the epistemic adequacy of two recent accounts based on the capacity to undergo natural selection. One is from Ellen Clarke, and the other is by Peter Godfrey-Smith. Clarke's position reflects a strong monism, in that she aims to characterize individuality in purely functional terms and refrains from privileging any specific material properties as important in their (...) own right. I argue that Clarke's functionalism impairs the epistemic adequacy of her account compared to a middle-ground position taken by Godfrey-Smith. In comparing Clarke and Godfrey-Smith's account, two pathways emerge to pluralism about biological individuality. The first develops from the contrast between functionalist and materialist approaches, and the second from an underlying temporal structure involved in using evolutionary processes to define individuality. (shrink)
Multi-Level Selection and the Explanatory Value of Mathematical Decompositions.Christopher Clarke - 2016 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 67 (4):1025-1055.details
Do multi-level selection explanations of the evolution of social traits deepen the understanding provided by single-level explanations? Central to the former is a mathematical theorem, the multi-level Price decomposition. I build a framework through which to understand the explanatory role of such non-empirical decompositions in scientific practice. Applying this general framework to the present case places two tasks on the agenda. The first task is to distinguish the various ways of suppressing within-collective variation in fitness, and moreover to evaluate their (...) biological interest. I distinguish four such ways: increasing retaliatory capacity, homogenising assortment, and collapsing either fitness structure or character distribution to a mean value. The second task is to discover whether the third term of the Price decomposition measures the effect of any of these hypothetical interventions. On this basis I argue that the multi-level Price decomposition has explanatory value primarily when the sharing-out of collective resources is `subtractable'. Thus its value is more circumscribed than its champions Sober and Wilson (1998) suppose. (shrink)
Individuality and Adaptation Across Levels of Selection: How Shall We Name and Generalize the Unit of Darwinism?Stephen Jay Gould & Elisabeth A. Lloyd - 1999 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96 (21):11904-09.details
Two major clarifications have greatly abetted the understanding and fruitful expansion of the theory of natural selection in recent years: the acknowledgment that interactors, not replicators, constitute the causal unit of selection; and the recognition that interactors are Darwinian individuals, and that such individuals exist with potency at several levels of organization (genes, organisms, demes, and species in particular), thus engendering a rich hierarchical theory of selection in contrast with Darwin's own emphasis on the organismic level. But a piece of (...) the argument has been missing, and individuals at levels distinct from organisms have been denied potency (although granted existence within the undeniable logic of the theory), because they do not achieve individuality with the same devices used by organisms and therefore seem weak by comparison. We show here that different features define Darwinian individuality across scales of size and time. In particular, species-individuals may develop few emergent features as direct adaptations. The interactor approach works with emergent fitnesses, not with emergent features; and species, as a consequence of their different mechanism for achieving individuality (reproductive exclusivity among subparts, that is, among organisms), express many effects from other levels. Organisms, by contrast, suppress upwardly cascading effects, because the organismic style of individuality (by functional integration of subparts) does not permit much competition or differential reproduction of parts from within. Species do not suppress the operation of lower levels; such effects therefore become available as exaptations conferring emergent fitness—a primary source of the different strength that species achieve as effective Darwinian individuals in evolution. (shrink)
Natural Selection Among Replicators, Interactors and Transactors.Donato Bergandi - 2013 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 35 (2):213-238.details
In evolutionary biology and ecology, ontological and epistemological perspectives based on the replicator and the interactor have become the background that makes it possible to transcend traditional biological levels of organization and to achieve a unified view of evolution in which replication and interaction are fundamental operating processes. Using the transactional perspective proposed originally by John Dewey and Arthur Fisher Bentley, a new ontological and methodological category is proposed here: the transactor. The transactional perspective, based on the concept of the (...) transactor, bridges the dichotomy between organisms and environment that characterizes the interactional perspective on evolution and provides epistemological support for the emergentist, systemic view of evolutionary and developmental processes. (shrink)
Pluralism in Evolutionary Controversies: Styles and Averaging Strategies in Hierarchical Selection Theories.Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther, Michael J. Wade & Christopher C. Dimond - 2013 - Biology and Philosophy 28 (6):957-979.details
Two controversies exist regarding the appropriate characterization of hierarchical and adaptive evolution in natural populations. In biology, there is the Wright-Fisher controversy over the relative roles of random genetic drift, natural selection, population structure, and interdemic selection in adaptive evolution begun by Sewall Wright and Ronald Aylmer Fisher. There is also the Units of Selection debate, spanning both the biological and the philosophical literature and including the impassioned group-selection debate. Why do these two discourses exist separately, and interact relatively little? (...) We postulate that the reason for this schism can be found in the differing focus of each controversy, a deep difference itself determined by distinct general styles of scientific research guiding each discourse. That is, the Wright-Fisher debate focuses on adaptive process, and tends to be instructed by the mathematical modeling style, while the focus of the Units of Selection controversy is adaptive product, and is typically guided by the function style. The differences between the two discourses can be usefully tracked by examining their interpretations of two contested strategies for theorizing hierarchical selection: horizontal and vertical averaging. (shrink)
Art, Sexual Selection, Group Selection (Critical Notice of Denis Dutton, The Art Instinct).Mohan Matthen - 2011 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 41 (2):337-356.details
The capacity to engage with art is a human universal present in all cultures and just about every individual human. This indicates that this capacity is evolved. In this Critical Notice of Denis Dutton's The Art Instinct, I discuss various evolutionary scenarios and their consequences. Dutton and I both reject the "spandrel" approach that originates from the work of Gould and Lewontin. Dutton proposes, following work of Geoffrey Miller, that art is sexually selected--that art-production is a sign of a fit (...) genome in males. I argue that while assortative mating may well have had a role in the evolution of "the art instinct", group selection is a better explanation. I also take issue with Dutton's "cluster concept" approach to defining art, and argue that it is a universal and essential characteristic of art that it is appreciated both for what it expresses and for the way that it expresses. It thus requires a reflexive capacity that is not operative in the appreciation of sport spectacles and pornography. (shrink)


text:
Home Listings Articles Archive Advertise Contact us
Sign In Home Listings Articles Archive Advertise Contact us List with Us
Catherine Byrne, CPA, Controller | State of Nevada
in Statewide Elected Officials
Nevada State Capitol Bldg., 101 N. Carson St., Ste. 5, Carson City, Nevada 89701, U.S.A. | United States of America
by Catherine Byrne, CPA
Overview Photos
Write a review Send a message
The State Controller is one of the six Constitutional Officers of the State and is elected to a four-year term. The authority of the Controller is set by the Nevada State Constitution Article 5, Section 19 and Nevada Revised Statute (NRS) 227.
Our state had been vulnerable to the loss of our financial data and ability to function if a disaster struck our State Capitol. The Controller's Office has established a fully operational disaster recovery site in Las Vegas for our statewide accounting system. This protects the state's financial records and allows us to continue our financial operations in the event of a serious emergency.
Nevada historically has been losing money in the form of unpaid debts owed to the state. In 2017, we went live with a modern debt collection system that has started to show positive results. This system has allowed our team to automate first notices to debtors, produce reports automatically instead of using Excel spreadsheets. It will also allow for bank levies and administrative garnishments to further enhance collections of revenues owed to the state. We encourage anyone who owes money to the state to be proactive and contact our office prior to being subjected to a garnishment or bank levy.
Because most citizens are not accountants or financial professionals, we have developed a 24-page Controller's Annual Report (CAR), also known as the Popular Annual Financial Report (PAFR). This report is written in plain language so that all our citizens can have a basic understanding our state's finances. This report is distributed as hard copies to universities, schools, libraries, and senior centers. It is available virtually on this website, and a hard copy can be obtained from the Controller's Office in the Capital Building in Carson City; or we will mail a hard copy to any citizen who requests one. It contains numerous tables, charts, and graphs.
The State Controller's office is in the final stages of development of a Business Intelligence system for use by all state agencies. This program, when completed, will be under the original budget by almost $600,000 and will provide more comprehensive reporting for all state government agencies.
The Controller's Office is also working with the departments of administration and finance on SMART21, the statewide initiative to upgrade the state accounting, human relations, and payroll systems. The last time an upgrade to the accounting system was completed was 1998, and the initiative is exploring software as a solution (SAAS) products and cloud data storage. The State Controller is one of three voting members on the executive steering committee for this project, and several members of the Controller's Office team are participating in the business process reengineering portion of this important project that will bring the Silver State into the 21st Century.
Home Listings Articles Archive Contact us
RURAL CONTACTS, LLC
© 2022 RURAL CONTACTS, LLC


text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011

#### Published in
Micologia 2000 (Trento) 480 (2000)

#### Original name
Coriolopsis tuberculata Ryvarden, 2000

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Prepared for Deleted 5. | Delivered September 29, 2020
Silicon Valley Community Foundation - International Giving
To determine what percentage of Silicon Valley Community Foundation's giving goes to international charities and NGOs. Also, you will like to know how much it costs SVCF to perform equivalency determinations per case and their total outlay on EDs per year.
In 2019, the Silicon Valley Community Foundation (SVCF) donated $82 million in international grants to 72 countries around the world.
In the same year, SVCF gave charities and NGOs in the United States grants totaling $620 million; this is excluding charities in California.
Charities in California - excluding charities in the Bay Area - received $80.7 million in 2019, while Bay Area charities - excluding San Mateo and Santa Clara charities - received $302 million in grants.
Lastly, charities in San Mateo and Santa Clara counties received grants totaling $177 million in 2019.
This puts the total grants disbursed by SVCF at $1.262 billion (sum of the above grants). Therefore, the percentage of giving that is international is 6.5% (($82 million/$1.262 billion) * 100).
According to the 2018 IRS Form 990 filing (the latest available), the "total number of recipient organizations listed above that are recognized as charities by the foreign country, recognized as tax-exempt by the IRS, or for which the grantee or counsel has provided a section 501(c)(3) equivalency letter" were 10.
According to NGOsource, the " traditional equivalency determination (ED) process is often costly and inconsistent. Differences from grantmaker to grantmaker can result in incompatible or subjective results; costs can range from $5,000 to $10,000 per ED if the grantmaker uses outside counsel."
Therefore, even if SVCF uses an outside counsel for the ED, it spent at most $100,000 and at least $50,000 on equivalency determination in 2018 using the number of international organizations that SVCF received an equivalency letter from.
The preliminary research has provided answers to the percentage of SVCF's giving that is international. Our perusal of SVCF's website, IRS Form 990, and the annual report shows that details on the charity's costs or donors estimated costs per equivalency determination (ED) and the total spend on ED per year may not be publicly available. However, using separate data points and industry ED costs estimates, the research team provided an estimated figure for SVCF's spend on equivalency determination.
Olatunji O.


The smallest horse in the world?
Einstein's been hailed as the world's smallest horse, but can he really lay claim to that title - yay or … neigh?
So there you were, pretty confident that the best equine story you were going to read all week was the one about the artist who turns My Little Ponies into slightly sinister film characters. Recalibrate your expectations, people. You're about to meet Einstein, the world's smallest horse.
When he was born in New Hampshire on Friday, young Einstein weighed just 6lb (2.7kg) and stood a mere 14-inches (35.5cm) tall. It is traditional to patronise small things by describing them as being pint-sized. Having spent some time cooing over this video of Einstein gambolling around his paddock to a rather charming bluegrass soundtrack, I have concluded he is at least two-litre-sized.
But no matter. His breeders on the Tiz A Miniature horse farm in Barnstead, New Hampshire, in the north-east US, are confident that he is small enough to enter the Guinness Book of World Records.
Now, I know what you're thinking. Isn't Thumbelina officially the world's smallest horse? You read it in the Daily Mail. So did I. Plus her very own website makes the same bold claim. The 17.5-inch (44.5cm) mare has been milking it pretty much ever since Guinness bestowed on her the honour in 2006. She has even done a US tour.
But Thumbelina weighed a comparatively hefty 8.5lb when she was born in 2000. And she is officially a dwarf and not merely a tiny version of a proper healthy horse like Einstein, says Rachel Wagner, Einstein's co-owner.
"Most of the ones that are really tiny are what we call dwarves and have some sort of dysmorphic features. This little guy is like all horses — he's almost all leg," said Wagner, adding, "He is very perfect looking little boy and not dwarfy looking at all."
Not dwarfy looking at all indeed. Very cute too. But not cute enough to make it higher than number three on my list of all time favourite newsworthy horses. It will take quite some pony to trump Mayflower, who had such short legs that people kept on calling 999 because they felt certain she was stuck in the mud, or Fat Boy, who had to be rescued from a swimming pool in the West Country after getting drunk gorging himself on fermented apples.
And here's that video again just in case you couldn't get enough of it earlier.


Great Britain Collection two Albums 1840-1993 and 1993-2003 Over 1000 Stamps on Scott Pages in Lighthouse Albums!
I did not take pictures of all the stamps there is over 1000 in black back mounts.
Album 2: 122 Pages in Lighthouse Classic Optima Red Album with slipcover.


text:
Jules Constantinou named president elect
Open-access content Wednesday 3rd May 2017 — updated 5.50pm, Wednesday 29th April 2020
Jules Constantinou has been named as the next president-elect of the IFoA.
Jules Constantinou has been named as the next president-elect of the IFoA. He will take up his position as president-elect in June 2017, when Marjorie Ngwenya becomes the new president, taking over from Colin Wilson. Constantinou will take on the role of president in June 2018.
Constantinou said: "It is an honour to be elected to the presidential team by my fellow council members. The actuarial profession has seen rapid expansion across the globe over the past few years, and I am looking forward to helping to shape its future as president-elect.
"The IFoA makes an enormous contribution to actuarial science, and I will do everything I can to promote the fantastic and valuable work that actuaries do. We are a forward-looking profession, and I pledge to do all I can to further actuarial science, acting always in the public interest."
Wilson, current IFoA president, said: "I am delighted that Jules Constantinou has been elected by council members to serve as president. He is an experienced life actuary, and has been hugely involved with the work of the IFoA as a member of the Scottish Board, and as a past chair of the Risk Management and Health and Care Practice Boards.
"As Fiona Morrison will be leaving the presidential team as immediate past-president at the time when Jules takes on the role of president-elect, I would also like to thank Fiona for the work she has done over the past three years. Her dedication and insight has furthered the profession greatly, and we are grateful for her service to the IFoA."
This article appeared in our May 2017 issue of The Actuary.


Watts was responsible for the preliminary and final design of this project that rehabilitated and reconstructed 24 miles of the New York State Thruway (eastbound and westbound lanes) from Westfield to the Pennsylvania State Line, including Interchanges 60 and 61.
Our scope of services included oversight of the ground survey, photogrammetric mapping, and the GPS survey. We conducted a pavement distress survey, a roadside safety audit and review, and an extensive pavement coring program that included Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) testing. The results were documented in a Pavement Condition and Selection Report that addressed findings and recommendations, and included a life cycle cost analysis. We developed and evaluated various design alternatives; and prepared the Design Approval Document, the environmental studies and the preliminary and final design plans, specifications and construction cost estimate.
The project involved highway rehabilitation, slope flattening, safety improvements, a bridge rehabilitation, drainage improvements, overhead sign structures, U-Turn relocations, guide railing, and signs and pavement markings.


text:
Q: ZF2 Form getData returns unvalidated data I just can't get my first ZF2 form to work!
Here is the abbreviated controller action to demonstrate my workflow:
$viewData['form'] = $form = new InstituteEditForm();
$form->setInputFilter(new InstituteInputFilter());
$defaultValues = ...;
$form->populateValues($defaultValues);
if ($request->isPost()) {
    $form->setData($request->getPost());
    if ($form->isValid()) {
        print_r('VALID
');
        var_dump($form->getData());
    } else {
        print_r('INVALID
');
        var_dump($form->getMessages());
        var_dump($form->getData());
    }
}
return new ViewModel($viewData);

The InstituteInputFilter defines Inputs with Filters and Validators for some elements, but not for all.
The problem is, that in case the form validates fine, form->getData() returns all values, not just those that have an Input attached, i.e. it returns unvalidated data. This should not be the case, should it?
Thank you so much!

A: I've found out, that there is a setting in ZF2.3.1 to attach InputFilters by default, such that any form elements simply pass it, although I have NOT defined any validation.
Simply setting $form->setUseInputFilterDefaults(false) yields the behaviour I was expecting: only those form elements that I have attached an Input to, may pass validation. Thus, no unvalidated data is returned by $form->getData.

A: the normal step to setup a form is the following below. i comment the code so you should have no problem to understand what method is used for. your main error is that you don't bind the default values to the form class.
$defaultValues = .....; // call db entity from db or whatever

$form = new \MyModule\Form\InstituteEditForm();
$form->setInputFilter(new InstituteInputFilter());

// bind the default values belong to this form
$form->bind($defaultValues);

if( $this->getRequest()->isPost() )
{
    // ok post now setup the post values to the form
    $form->setData($this->getRequest()->getPost());

    if( $form->isValid() )
    {
        $validatedFormData = $form->getData();

        // update entity in db or whatever
        // $db->update($validatedFormData);
        // success messages, redirect...

    } else {

        // uuppps some fields contain errors
        $form->populateValues($this->getRequest()->getPost());

        // get all form errors
        $errorMessages = $form->getMessages();
    }
}


Vencer Juntos (Portuguese for Winning Together) is a non-governmental project that develops entrepreneurial talent among the very poor in Brazil.
1. What prompted you to start VencerJuntos.org?
Barbara: My work with UNICEF inBrazil1987-91 and with Women's World Banking in 1992/93 convinced me that microcredit was not reaching the poorest among potential clients. There is an unserved niche of people trying to transition to get off welfare and join the productive workforce. In places where there are no jobs, these people have to start their own small businesses but don't know how to go about this. These people need a package of services: consulting to identify a business opportunity and develop a business plan, start-up financing, management training, and continued consulting through the first five years of the business. Vencer Juntos provides this package of services and, in the process, promotes the creation of community revolving funds that, over time, will be managed by an organization formed by the first clients to keep the project going.
In founding Vencer Juntos, I was hoping to apply the best practices of business (which I learned through my training atHarvardBusinessSchooland in my eight years of corporate consulting) to the not-for-profit sector.
I felt a strong "calling" to be a social entrepreneur, an aspiration for which I prepared myself for many years of training (graduate degrees from Yale and Harvard) and professional experience. I also prepared myself financially in the sense that I saved a large portion of my corporate salary from 1993 to 2002 in order to have a reserve and be able to accept a significant reduction in compensation by becoming a social entrepreneur.
Barbara: My work is divided between working from home, working at the organization's head office, or doing field supervision and training.
To start a day in the field, I generally will take an overnight bus from Salvadorto the interior of the state of Bahia. One project region requires a 13 hour bus ride, the other one a six hour bus ride. I try to get some sleep on the bus, because work will begin shortly after my arrival. After a cold shower to wake up and a breakfast with some strong Brazilian coffee, I'll greet the two or three people on my local team and the leaders of the local association. We spend the day together in a workshop, for example, to prepare the association's annual budget and fundraising plan. I ask the leaders to list the association's planned activities for the year, writing the answers on the flip chart. Then we develop for each activity a list of expenses and estimates for each expense. My role is to ask questions to facilitate the discussion, it's the local leaders who are supposed to develop the plan. The workshop will end at about 4 PM. After that I'll sit down with our local staff to evaluate the workshop, discuss other local issues and problems and plan follow-up activities. At the end of the day, around 7PM, I'll check my emails and respond to the urgent ones. I go to sleep early to make up for lost sleep during the over night trip.
A day of work from home is like this: Get up around 6:40, take a shower, have breakfast, turn on the computer at around 8:30. Write emails for about 40 minutes leaving instructions for staff. Then do some writing: either write a project proposal or a report to funders, or do monitoring, generating reports from our information system to analyze how we are doing. Have lunch around 1:00PM, after lunch check emails and respond. After that, a skype call or phone call to someone on the team to discuss things that need to get done. At 4:30PM, take a break to go for a swim or walk. At 6PM return to work on the writing or analysis. 8:30PM one last check of emails and responses, so team members will have them at the beginning of their day.
Webmail, which allows me to access my email from anywhere and back up important files on the server.
Microsoft Office (primarily Word and Excel) and Skype for communication. I don't yet use a smartphone, only for mobile phone service.
Barbara: I make a detailed to do list, look at it every day and cross off items that have been completed. I think about which tasks I need to complete so other people can do their job vs those that only depend on my input and prioritize the former. I try to delegate tasks that can be delegated. I try to start tasks with plenty of time before the deadline instead of waiting until the last minute, however, I often don't succeed in that because other urgencies come in between.
Develop and maintain an excellent reputation, it will be your greatest asset.
Building a strong relationship with government agencies, obtaining government funding and participating in networks with other NGOs to influence public policy in ways that will favor my project and its clients.
Building relationships with private sector donors and foundations. This second piece of the strategy has not yet been implemented and needs to happen this year.
Get funding from our clients by way of the promotion of revolving funds to give partial sustainability to the project.
Barbara: Achieving continued funding and support for Vencer Juntos for the past decade, and thereby expanding the program from initially four to currently eleven project territories. Today Vencer Juntos is recognized as one of the leading and best organized Community Revolving Fund programs in Brazil. I have become recognized as an authority on this methodology sought out by the government as it develops public policies to replicate these types of initiatives in all of Brazil.
Barbara: I exercise and try to keep at least one weekend day free without doing any work. When I work from my home in Salvador, Bahia, I take a break at 4:30PM to go for a swim in the ocean or for a walk on the beach to watch the sunset. Then I go back to work from 6PM to 8PM. On weekends, I start my day with a long walk or run on the beach. Living on the ocean, enjoying an ocean view from my apartment and having the beach in 10 minutes walking distance has been a huge boost to my quality of life and balance. My religious practice and my faith has been another important contributor to balance in my life.
Barbara: The founding and running of Vencer Juntos.
My college professor of international relations. He was from Bangladesh and awoke my interest in and awareness of international development issues prompting me to choose a career in that area.
My father, who encouraged me to choose leaving my corporate career and returning to Brazil to found Vencer Juntos rather than accepting a tempting corporate job offer and promotion.
My long-time boyfriend who encouraged me to go to Harvard Business School.
Barbara: You will need a lot of patience and perseverance to take your venture from a great idea to a functioning business. There will be obstacles and setbacks, and you'll need a lot of passion and conviction to overcome them. Many people have great ideas, but the key is knowing how to execute. Don't expect glamour or fame, most of your time will be spent working away in the trenches and on the details. Find good partners and good people to work with you, don't go it alone. Several heads together think better than one on her own.


Rules: In a box you find 24 cards that make up 12 pairs. Before the game all cards are to be mixed, turned face down and arranged in a line. Player should flip 2 cards one by one obligatory in a row. If images on the face cards are the same, player puts them aside and flips two more. If player opens two different cards then everyone in a team memorize what exactly is depicted, put them face down again and change the player clockwise. It is prohibited to flip more than 2 cards at time. The winner is the one who has found the majority of card pairs.


text:
The first OnePlus wearables could arrive in early 2020
November 6, 2019 JarvisPhonesfitness, fitness tracker, headphones, OnePlus, OnePlus 8, smartphones, tracker, twitter, wearable, wearables
OnePlus could be planning to continue its expansion outside of smartphones and headphones, amid new rumours a wearable device is on deck.
According to a Twitter leakster, the Chinese firm is plotting a fitness tracker, which may be here as soon as the OnePlus 8. The word comes from a writer at Indian site TechPP. He informed readers who may be pondering the purchase of a fitness tracker in the near future to *wink, wink* "never settle."
https://www.trustedreviews.com/news/oneplus-fitness-tracker-specs-price-release-date-3952443


Smith Tire II provides Heating System Diagnostic services to Perry, IA, Boone, IA, Adel, IA, and other surrounding areas.
Why Should You Have Heating System Diagnostic Services Performed at Smith Tire II?
We proudly service the Heating System Diagnostic needs of customers in Perry, IA, Boone, IA, Adel, IA, and surrounding areas.


NEW YORK — The Small Business Administration is starting a program to increase bank lending to veterans.
The agency said Tuesday it's launching the SBA Veteran Pledge Initiative, aimed at raising business loans to veterans by 5 percent a year for the next five years. More than 120 banks across the country, including many major banks, are making the pledge. The SBA says the program is expected to help 2,000 veterans get loans totaling $475 million over the life of the program.


Women often ignore their health while taking care of everyone. So Women Health Checkup Packages are essential for them to maintain their health and also go for the regular checkup to ensure the early detection of any problem.
Many diagnostic center and hospitals are offering women with the best package that helps in keeping track of healthy living. But, it's your responsibility to choose the best diagnostic centre to have the accurate results.
An annual health check-up is necessary to know that your health is completely within your control.
What do they do on the day of the check-up?
Experts in diagnostic center tell the patients to come for the check-up in the morning before breakfast. No other preparation is needed unless the doctor particularly mentions.
Basic screening such as blood pressure and weight checks may be done to the patient. The standard tests and the normal process has undergone as recommended for your age group and depending on the results. These results are helpful to the doctors to order additional tests if required.
After you get the results and take the initiative measures to understand what they mean. Discuss the corresponding results with your doctor about anything in particular. So that the doctor may suggest medication or lifestyle changes if the results are normal. Otherwise, they give the treatment for particular abnormalities in your body.
There are also some advanced packages that are more than the basic check-up. It is recommended especially for 30-40 years aged women. This includes the TSH and breast checkup with ultrasound breasts.
The whole body female checkup gives a detailed assessment of the health status of an individual for any other chronic illness.
People may have exceedingly different healthcare needs. There are many options to choose the necessary package from an array. Book a health check-up package today and take the first step towards a healthier you.
Women health checkup packages include all the basic tests that women of all age require to detect any onset of disease. By obtaining the right health services, screenings and treatments, you are taking steps to help your chances of living a longer and healthier life.


Below are some images from our Bootstock projects in 2016/17. We continue our support of Mitrata Children's home in Kathmandu, established a new library at Shree Ganeshthan Secondary School in Necha, held the opening ceremony for the new School library and Science lab at Ralling School in Humla, formed an exciting new partnership with Music House in Kathmandu, funded a School trip to Ilam for seven children from Karmidanda, and provided Scholarships to twelve young people.
With fantastic support from Chelmsford County High School for Girls, we continue to fund further education for girls, while Newburgh Mather's School ongoing donations have supplied books and a new microscope for Ralling School.
In 2013 we established a new library at Ralling School in Humla. Books were transported from Scotland and Kathmandu by bus, aircraft and finally on horse.
Through the TEACH project and in partnership with The Himalayan Innovative Society, we have provided and installed computers, and a trained teacher in a High School in a remote region of north west Nepal.
In 2011 we installed four new computers in the girls hostel at Manasrowar High School.
Once again this was achieved in partnership with our good friend DB Lama at The Himalayan Innovative Society.
We also helped with the installation of new computers at the Mitrata Foundation.
With the support of friends and other Scottish charities we have been distributing clothing to children in the poorest regions of Nepal.
In 2012, Bootstock funded a three day educational study tour for 54 students of Balmandir High School to visit a remote region of Nepal. The project helped increase the students social and cultural awareness.


text:
Title: Adherence to combination therapies in people with HIV/AIDS
Author: Papadopoulou, Andia
Awarding Body: University of London
Current Institution: University College London (University of London)
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10105419/
Combination therapies have changed the lives of many individuals living with HIV and AIDS. High levels of adherence to the drugs are advocated for the therapies to be effective. At the same time non-adherence to the drugs has been linked to viral resistance and disease outcome. The practical and emotional demands of HIV treatment regimens are emerging as a major problem for adherence. Ethnic background has also been associated with low rates of adherence. In particular, it has been reported that black users of the drugs are more likely to be non-adherent. The Health Belief Model has been widely used in studies that have used theory driven methodologies to address adherence issues. According to this model adherence can be predicted from individuals' beliefs about the severity of HIV/AIDS, their susceptibility to it and the costs and benefits of taking the medication. However, fewer studies have used the revised Health Belief Model which includes two further concepts: Cues-to-action and self-efficacy. The present study aimed to use the revised Health Belief Model to identify contributing factors to non-adherence with combination drugs and to further explore the factors that could account for the low rates of adherence among different ethnic groups. This was a cross sectional study that utilised both quantitative and qualitative methods to address its research aims. The study was carried out at a north London district that serves a culturally diverse community. Fifty six participants were asked to complete a Health Belief Model questionnaire and an Adherence to Combination Drugs questionnaire. A focus group of seven black African participants was also conducted to explore in greater depth the difficulties of taking combination drugs in this population. Relationships between health beliefs and adherence to combination drugs were explored using regression analyses and correlation coefficients, while content analysis was carried out on data collected from the focus groups. The findings of the present study serve to support the relevance of the Health Belief Model in examining adherence difficulties. In particular, it was shown that beliefs about the difficulties and benefits of the drugs alongside the use of cues to remind individuals to take their drugs were strong predictors of adherence to combination therapies. Moreover, the findings from the focus group suggested that beliefs regarding HIV/AIDS and the drugs need to be considered within the wider socio-economic context of the individuals receiving these therapies. The findings were further discussed in relation to the areas that they identified as important in improving the likelihood that medication will be appropriately utilised by individuals in combination therapies.


text:
Q: SQL create view with 1 to many I am trying to create a view in SQL Server for linking in access. My current statement is:
CREATE VIEW BookInfo
AS
    SELECT
        Book.Title, Author.AuthorFirst, Author.AuthorLast,
        Language.LanguageName
    FROM
        Book, Author, Translation, Language
    WHERE
        Author.AuthorID = Book.Author
        AND Translation.Book = Book.BookID
        AND Language.LanguageID = Translation.Language;

My expected(intended) output:
Animal Farm, George, Orwell, English
Animal Farm, George, Orwell, Japanese

It all works except one thing- two of the 5 books have multiple languages. So when the view is opened, they are listed twice- but with the same language both times.
Animal Farm, George, Orwell, English
Animal Farm, George, Orwell, English

I have 4 tables: book, author, translation, language. Book has a FK to author(references authorid), translation has a FK to book(bookID) and language(languageID). Would a join be what I need to get it to list each separate translation of a book?
edit: example data and table scripts
CREATE TABLE Author (
AuthorID INT NOT NULL,
AuthorFirst VARCHAR (255) NOT NULL,
AuthorLast VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
);

ALTER TABLE Author ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Author PRIMARY KEY (AuthorID);

CREATE TABLE Book (
BookID INT NOT NULL,
Title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
Pages INT NOT NULL,
Author INT NOT NULL
);

ALTER TABLE Book ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Book PRIMARY KEY (BookID);

CREATE TABLE Language (
LanguageID INT NOT NULL,
Name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
);

ALTER TABLE Language ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Language PRIMARY KEY (LanguageID);

CREATE TABLE Translation (
TranslationID INT NOT NULL,
Book INT NOT NULL,
Language INT NOT NULL
);

ALTER TABLE Translation ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Translation PRIMARY KEY
(TranslationID);

ALTER TABLE Book ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Book_0 FOREIGN KEY (Author) REFERENCES
Author (AuthorID);

ALTER TABLE Translation ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Translation_0 FOREIGN KEY (Book)
REFERENCES Book (BookID);

ALTER TABLE Translation ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Translation_1 FOREIGN KEY
(Language) REFERENCES Language (LanguageID);

INSERT INTO Author (AuthorID, AuthorFirst, AuthorLast) VALUES (1, 'GEORGE',
'ORWELL'), (2, 'WILLIAM', 'SHAKESPEARE'), (3, 'FREDERIC', 'BASTIAT');

INSERT INTO Language (LanguageID, Name) VALUES (1, 'ENGLISH'), (2,
'JAPANESE'), (3, 'SPANISH');

INSERT INTO Book (BookID, Title, Pages, Author) VALUES (1, 'THE LAW', 50, 3),
(2, '1984', 120, 1), (3, 'ANIMAL FARM', 240, 1), (4, 'HAMLET', 240, 2), (5,
'THAT WHICH IS SEEN, AND THAT WHICH IS NOT SEEN', 58, 3);

INSERT INTO Translation (TranslationID, Book, Language) VALUES (1, 1, 1), (2,
2, 1), (3, 3, 1), (4, 3, 2), (5, 4, 1), (6, 5, 1), (7, 5, 3);

A: To use explicit join syntax your query would look like this. Notice I also used aliases to make this look a lot cleaner. I suspect this is still going to return some duplicates because I suspect you have some issues with your data.
SELECT b.Title
    , a.AuthorFirst
    , a.AuthorLast
    , l.LanguageName
FROM Book b
join Author a on a.AuthorID = b.Author
join Translation t on t.Book = b.BookID
join Language l on l.LanguageID = t.Language


Winter is the perfect time for families to gather in the evening around the hearth, enjoying the warmth and conviviality of a burning fire. Your fireplace doesn't only encourage family time; as an architectural feature, your fireplace and its chimney add intrinsic value to your home. However, those same assets also present the very real danger of fire unless the chimney is well maintained and properly cleaned.
Inside a chimney is a lining called a "flue." Together, the chimney and the flue funnel toxic gases — the byproducts of burning wood — out of the home and disperse them harmlessly into the air. When a chimney flue doesn't get cleaned at least annually, the buildup of smoke artifacts can spark deadly home fires. Byproducts of combustion include water vapors, tar fog, unburned wood chips, smoke, gases, hydrocarbon, and various minerals. These artifacts mingle with the cooler air inside the chimney and cause condensation, which in turn causes the tarry substance known as creosote to accumulate on the walls of the flue.
Two major types of chimney fires exist. The first is an explosive burning that usually is quite noticeable to homeowners, neighbors, and passersby; the other is much easier to overlook.
The dramatic sights, sounds, and smells of explosive chimney fires fortunately lead to them being detected quickly after ignition in many cases. But the damage to the home may already have been done.
The metal damper, chimney, or smoke-chamber connecting pipe is warped.
There are signs of escaped smoke on the tile liners or the masonry's mortar joints.
The flue tiles have collapsed or cracked, or tiles are missing large pieces.
The exterior masonry is cracked.
The creosote is honeycombed and puffy.
You see creosote particles on the ground or on the roof.
The rain cap is dark or distorted.
Antennae, satellite dishes, and roof materials close to the chimney show heat damage.
At this point, fixing the problem without permanent structural damage to the home occurring is still possible. Once the inspection is completed, the chimney sweep can offer recommendations on what will be needed in order to comply with safety guidelines and standards. If the damage is noted and repaired quickly before the condition deteriorates further, it could be an inexpensive fix (for example, installing some new flue tiles). Ignoring the problem only ups the cost exponentially while putting everyone — including close neighbors — in danger of a house fire breaking out.
Preventive action is the best way to avoid the risks associated with chimney fires.
Homeowners can reduce accumulations of creosote in their chimneys by making sure the fire gets enough air, only burning seasoned wood, and leaving the damper open enough — and as long as is needed — to eliminate smoke. Despite the best intentions and actions, it is still not possible to completely avoid creosote accumulating in chimney flues.
The frequency of chimney inspections depends, in part, on the frequency of fireplace usage. Those who burn fewer fires can probably get by with annual inspections, whereas homeowners who regularly enjoy basking in the warmth of a fire may want to get their chimneys inspected and cleaned twice a year or more.
Make sure that the chimney sweep you hire is certified by the Chimney Safety Institute of America (CSIA). That ensures that a qualified professional will clean and inspect your chimney for safety hazards and be able to identify telltale signs of chimney fires.
Modern chimney sweeps bear little resemblance to the 18th-century waifs roaming London's streets with their blackened brooms. Their modern counterparts do full inspections — of the mortar, bricks, cap, crown, flashing, and flue tiles. If your home has a basement, we check the foundation for cracks and inspect the vent system. We also inspect the damper and clear out any accumulated debris.
Don't jeopardize the safety of your home and family another day. Scheduling a chimney inspection and cleaning can give you peace of mind.


8. Bend radius protected and cable routing paths provided.
Q1. What is your term of quote?
A1: We accept EXW, FOB, CIF, etc. You can choose the one which is the most convenient or cost effective for you.
Q4: What if there is quality problem when we get the goods?
A4: If there is quality problem, you can take pictures for our reference, our QC department will check the problem and give best solutions to you, refund or reproduce for you .


The Enquirer photographers reviewed thousands of photos produced this year. Here are their most memorable images and the stories behind them.
On the cusp of 2018, The Enquirer photographers reviewed the thousands of photos produced in the past year. They selected their most memorable images. These are the stories behind them.
For the best images of the next year, follow The Enquirer on Instagram.
This photo of Dominique, 18, and her dad, Harold Warren, sums up Warren's battle to get his daughter off the streets and away from heroin. Reporter Terry DeMio and I met Dominique and her dad back in September 2016. She was in court, hands cuffed, waiting to see what would happen to her after she overdosed in the West End. She was found with a needle near her during a heroin-fentanyl outbreak.
I had to remind myself every day I photographed Donni that he was, in fact, a real cheetah. Over the course of 15 months, I was fortunate to document Donni as he was trained to be a Cat Ambassador for the Cincinnati Zoo. I met him when he was only 16 pounds and obsessed with chewing on my shoelaces. He is now one of the largest cheetahs the Zoo has ever raised, and he is not done growing.
After Donni's first birthday party, where he ate raw meat in the shape of a number 1 and his chocolate Labrador buddy, Moose, peed on my tripod, we had Donni's first official glamour shots. I created a makeshift studio in a conference room at the zoo. Donni paced from side to side, ate some more meat and then laid down. He was bored. His purr vibrated the paper background. I laid on my stomach a foot away and waited for him to look at me.
This year, myself and two colleagues at the paper got our remote aircraft pilot's licenses. Drone photography is something I've been waiting to get the company go-ahead to do for several years as drone regulations kept changing by the minute. So, I was excited when we were chosen this year to be part of the USA Today Network's drone team.