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Tried Babble . Went too fast , lost me . Rosetta stone breaks the language down to basics ! Makes it much easier to learn !
Me gusta, pero lo encuentro caro.
I loved this app though it stopped after unit 4. I thought there were more units? The speech technology is very good. At times it went a little fast for me but I repeated the lessons and got what I wanted.
Rosetta Stone helps me soooooo much more than Duolingo does!
I am loving this Dutch lesson on Rosetta Stone!!! It's fun and addictive. Plus I'm very successful at it!
Was extremely nice as well as generous. Thanks for the complementary phone lessons. Now I can learn on the go.
Only thing I would improve is the vocal recording. Sometimes I dont say it correctly and still says I did and moves on to the next. Other times I say it correctly and it doesnt recognize it. Everything else I like.
It is very interesting and easy so far. I am very busy and it is difficult to me to spare some time for lessons, but with this system I can make my time which makes it very comfortable to me.


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The crossed tubes of an Elswick patent truss frame, produced by the company from 1892/1893 onwards, were claimed to give greater rigidity to a bicycle. Apparently the direct strain from head to bracket was dealt with more thoroughly and strains from twisting were also combated, creating an infinitely more rigid frame. Whether it improved the bicycle or not, there was a good case for creating unique features in bicycles so they stood out in the crowd and attracted extra attention from the cycling press. Elswick's 'twisted' down tubes becsme their signature feature.
The 'Popular Truss' twisted down tube design is featured on both the Gentlemen's diamond frame machine and Ladies' loopframe.
This rare Lady's Popular Truss is an old-time restoration in good mechanical condition and ready to ride.
The Elswick Cycle Co took over William Newton & Co.in 1891. Elswick is a suburb of Newcastle on Tyne, Northumberland, the premises being at Elswick Court, off Northumberland Street. On 4 October 1893 the company was registered as a limited company, with capital of £20,000 in £10 shares, but a month later the works were burned down. In June 1896 a prospectus was published for a new company, Elswick Cycles Co. Ltd. On 9 February 1901 the company was renamed Elswick Cycles & Manufacturing Co. Ltd. The company motto was "Fortiter Defendit Triumphans". By 1908 the company was in financial difficulty and went into liquidation although it was still advertising from its Newcastle address in 1910 and appears in directories in 1911.
The patents, trademarks and goodwill were purchased from the liquidator by Fred Hopper in 1911, with Henry Wilson and G. H. Nowell, for £100 and began trading as Elswick Cycle & Motor Manufacturing Co. The Elswick-Hopper Cycle & Motor Co. was subsequently formed in May 1913.


text:
Libya: Free Hospitalized Political Prisoner Fathi al-Jahmi
Seriously Ill Fathi al-Jahmi Getting Medical Care in State Custody
The Libyan government should release without conditions ailing political prisoner Fathi al-Jahmi, who remains in state custody despite recent reports of his discharge, Human Rights Watch and Physicians for Human Rights said in a joint statement today.
Al-Jahmi's health is improving after better medical care in recent months at a state-run hospital in the capital Tripoli, Human Rights Watch and Physicians for Human Rights said, but he is considerably sicker than at the time of his arrest four years ago. He was detained in March 2004 after calling for a free press and free elections in Libya.
Representatives of Human Rights Watch and Physicians for Human Rights visited al-Jahmi, 66, at the hospital in mid-March 2008 and spoke privately with him, his family, and his doctor, as state security officers stayed outside the room. The visit was facilitated by the Qadhafi Foundation, run by Mu`ammar al-Qadhafi's son, Saif al-Islam.
"We're glad al-Jahmi's health is improving, but dismayed he's not yet free," said Fred Abrahams, a senior researcher at Human Rights Watch who met al-Jahmi in Tripoli. "He should be able to leave the hospital and seek medical care of his choice, either in Libya or another country."
Despite recent improvements, al-Jahmi's health had substantially worsened following his March 2004 arrest, Human Rights Watch and Physicians for Human Rights said.
"There's no doubt that negligent care contributed to the serious deterioration of al-Jahmi's health during his early detention," said the doctor who examined him, Dr. Scott Allen, an adviser to Physicians for Human Rights and co-director of the Brown University Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights. "Even though his health improved in the last few months, he remains very ill. He's stable and can be treated as an outpatient."
As of March 28, al-Jahmi remained in the Tripoli Medical Center and security officers were controlling access to visitors. Al-Jahmi's hospitalization under guard stems from a May 2006, court decision, which determined him mentally unfit for trial and ordered him detained at a psychiatric hospital. The authorities failed to make the hearing or the decision public, or to inform the family. Human Rights Watch and Physicians for Human Rights asked for, but have not yet received, a copy of the court's order, as well as al-Jahmi's full medical records.
During the roughly one year al-Jahmi spent at the psychiatric hospital, his health significantly declined, forcing his transfer to the Tripoli Medical Center in July 2007. Al-Jahmi told Human Rights Watch and Physicians for Human Rights that during his detention in the psychiatric hospital the authorities denied him access to needed medications and a doctor, as well as family visits.
According to the family, they had no information on al-Jahmi's whereabouts during this time.
On March 13, 2008, Allen conducted a thorough examination of al-Jahmi, in private, in his room in the Tripoli Medical Center. He reviewed al-Jahmi's medical records and concluded that his health had improved in recent months, apparently after the intervention of the Qadhafi Foundation. Al-Jahmi's health had deteriorated badly, apparently due to improper treatment and denial of medications.
This medical examination was a follow-up to a February 2005 check-up conducted by a doctor from Physicians for Human Rights and the International Federation of Health and Human Rights Organizations. At the time, the doctor received assurances that al-Jahmi would receive proper medications and medical care. Human Rights Watch received the same assurances during a visit to al-Jahmi in May 2005.
Al-Jahmi suffers from diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, Allen said. According to al-Jahmi's doctors, he was experiencing severe heart failure at the time of his transfer from the psychiatric facility to Tripoli Medical Center in July 2007. On admission, an echocardiogram showed a dangerously impaired heart muscle.
Despite the recent improvements, significant and pressing health problems remain, Human Rights Watch and Physicians for Human Rights said.
"Mr. al-Jahmi is in urgent need of a cardiac catheterization to evaluate ongoing heart disease," Allen said. "While Tripoli Medical Center appears well-equipped for this procedure, there is impaired trust in an environment of state control."
Human Rights Watch and Physicians for Human rights said they left Libya with the distinct impression that al-Jahmi and his family were not free to make independent decisions about his medical care due to real or perceived pressure from the government. The real or perceived pressure is detrimental to adequate care and taints the principle of informed consent.
Allen found no evidence of significant mood or thought disorders despite the fact that al-Jahmi had been confined for psychiatric reasons. He was not taking any psychiatric medications at the time of the evaluation, and it is unclear if he had received psychiatric medication in the past.
"This raises the question of the misuse of medical professionals to confine a patient under the guise of medical treatment, a violation of medical ethics and human rights," Allen said.
The legal aspects of al-Jahmi's detention also raise serious concerns, Human Rights Watch and Physicians for Human Rights said. Arrested for a second time in March 2004 for criticizing Libya's political system and its leader, the Internal Security Agency at first detained al-Jahmi, his wife and eldest son, purportedly for their own protection.
The secret trial began in late 2005, with al-Jahmi apparently charged with trying to overthrow the government, insulting Libyan leader Mu`ammar al-Qadhafi, and contacting foreign authorities. The third charge, al-Jahmi said, resulted from conversations he had with a US diplomat in Tripoli. Al-Jahmi was provided, but rejected, a court-appointed lawyer.
"Fathi al-Jahmi has never used violence or called for the use of violence," Abrahams said. "He never should have been arrested in the first place. He has suffered four years of detention and health deterioration for speaking about a free press, free elections and nonviolent democratic reform."
Internal security forces first arrested al-Jahmi, an engineer and former provincial governor, on October 19, 2002, after he criticized the government and Libyan leader Mu`ammar al-Qadhafi, calling for the abolition of al-Qadhafi's Green Book, free elections in Libya, a free press, and the release of political prisoners. A court sentenced him to five years in prison.
On March 1, 2004, US Senator Joseph Biden met al-Qadhafi in Tripoli and called for al-Jahmi's release. Nine days later, an appeals court gave al-Jahmi a suspended sentence of one year and ordered his release on March 12.
That same day, al-Jahmi gave an interview to the US-funded al-Hurra television, in which he repeated his call for Libya's democratization. He gave another interview to the station four days later, in which he called al-Qadhafi a dictator and said, "All that is left for him to do is hand us a prayer carpet and ask us to bow before his picture and worship him."
Two weeks later, on March 26, 2004, security agents arrested al-Jahmi for a second time, together with his wife and their eldest son. The Internal Security Agency detained them in an undisclosed location for six months, without access to relatives or lawyers. The authorities released al-Jahmi's son on September 23, 2004, but his wife refused to leave until November 4.
The Internal Security Agency held al-Jahmi at a special facility on the coast near Tripoli. The head of the agency told Human Rights Watch in 2005 that al-Jahmi was being held there for his own protection and because he is "mentally disturbed."
"I'm responsible for his health care, his detention, and I want to say this: if this man was not detained, because he provoked people, they could have attacked him in his home," Col. Tohamy Khaled said. "Therefore, he is facing trial. … He's in special detention because he's mentally disturbed and we're worried he will cause a problem for us."
Physicians for Human Rights visited al-Jahmi in February 2005, and determined that he suffered from diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. The organization called for al-Jahmi's unconditional release and access to medical care.
Human Rights Watch visited al-Jahmi in May 2005 at the special facility in Tripoli. He said then that he faced charges on three counts under articles 166 and 167 of the penal code: trying to overthrow the government; insulting al-Qadhafi; and contacting foreign authorities. The third charge, he said, resulted from conversations he had with a US diplomat in Tripoli.
Article 166 of the Libyan penal code imposes the death penalty on anyone who talks to or conspires with a foreign official to provoke or contribute to an attack against Libya. Article 167 orders up to life in prison for conspiring with a foreign official to harm Libya's military, political or diplomatic position.
Al-Jahmi's continued detention violates both Libyan and international law. The apparent misuse of psychiatry and medical diagnosis to justify detention remains a paramount concern.
Article 31 of Libya's 1969 Constitutional Proclamation states that detained individuals must be free from "mental or physical harm." Article 2 of Libya's Great Green Charter for Human Rights prohibits any punishment that "would violate the dignity and the integrity of a human being." Both the proclamation and the charter carry constitutional weight.
Libya is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the United Nations Convention Against Torture, and the regional African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. As such, it has multiple, binding legal obligations to ensure that no one is arbitrarily detained or denied basic due process. Persons in detention must not be exposed to inhuman and degrading treatment, but treated "with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person," including access to necessary health care and medical treatment.
As spelled out in the United Nations Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment, a state's responsibility to those in their detention includes the provision that "medical care and treatment shall be provided whenever necessary."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sheryl Macauley
by NLS Staff | January 1, 1994 | Bookmark +
Sheryl Macauley is a nail technician who combines great technical skill with true artistic flair. She racked up several competition wins in 1993 and launched a new career tangent — independent educator. She taught a course in nail art at the 1993 NAILS Magazine Show in Dallas that was so successful she was invited to do a repeat performance at the NAILS Magazine Show in Las Vegas in November. Aspiring nail artists can catch her class at the 1994 Midwest beauty Show in Chicago this February.
A former manufacturer's educator, Macauley developed a class handout for aspiring competitors that reveals how nail art judges assign points and what they look for and offers advice on how to do winning nails.
Macauley has been doing nails since she got her nail technician s license 13 years ago. Eleven years ago she started doing nail art. "But it's only taken off recently," she says. "I was an art major in college for a year; then I spent three months studying fashion design. I learned those careers weren't for me. I didn't know what I wanted to do with my life. I got my nail license, thinking I would try that for awhile. I liked it so much I've been doing it ever since, and when I got into nail art, I loved it."
Macauley specializes in freehand nail art. She likes painting in black and white. "I won first place at the 1992 NAILS Magazine Show in Las Vegas for my black and white fashion faces," she says. "I also do scenes and emblems. At WINBA, in the flat nail art competition, I painted scenes from Jurassic Park, dinosaurs, and the Jurassic Park emblem. There were 29 competitors in that division alone, so I consider myself lucky to have made third place."
Macauley owns The Nail Resort in Bakersfield, Calif. There are five other nail technicians in the salon, all independent contractors. About half of Macauley's clients wear some kind of nail art. To showcase her artistic abilities, Macauley mounted approximately 120 nail tips, each with a different nail design, on a large frame. Her most common request is for holiday nail art.
Macauley likes to paint on larger canvases in her spare time. She's sold two of her stylized images in black and white acrylics to clients. "It's nice to be able to make money doing what I love," says Macauley.
For this month's cover. Macauley did an acrylic tip and overlay, then painted champagne bubbles on the nails. If you look closely, you'll see she painted a woman holding a champagne glass to her lips on one of the nails. Now that's a way to ring in the new year!
Portrait Of A Nail Artist
Name: Sheryl Macauley
Current Position: Owner, The Nail Resort, Bakersfield, Calif.
Experience: Thirteen years doing nails, eleven years doing nail art
Nail Art Style: Freehand painting; prefers to paint stylized images in black and white and reproductions
Art Inspirations: "Modern artists Patrick Nagel and Michael Parks, surrealist Salvador Dali, and the old master Michelangelo."
Advice to Nail Art Competitors: "Judges look for lots of imagination on original designs. Design ideas can come from anywhere — magazines, postcards, printed material, etc. Use the colors to their maximum potential — two well-used colors can score higher than 10 colors not used well. Choose a theme, try to look for an original or unusual aspect of it, and carry it through on all 10 nails to tell a story. If you don't win, regroup and keep going, going, going!"
nail technician profile


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Information Technology blogs. An excellent Mike system will be popular by most of the businesses to be able to lower the costs and stop one other dangers. To be successful in Jan implementation, it is crucial for that organizations to be effective much past normal complying. Just achieving permit conformity just isn't sufficient since the principal goal is to buy a SAM device which specializes in regularizing accreditation, using programs, and lower outlay.


X Games Aspen 2016: Music Lineup and Event Schedule Revealed; Tickets Now on Sale - ESPN Press Room U.S.
X Games Aspen 2016 music tickets and platinum passes are now on sale at XGames.com for the events at Buttermilk Mountain January 28-31, 2016. After four successful concerts at the base of Buttermilk Mountain in 2015, X Games will increase the music offerings to six artists, including a doubleheader Saturday. This year's concerts will include performances by deadmau5, DJ SNAKE, KYGO, Nas, Run The Jewels and Twenty One Pilots, alongside the sport and festival offerings.
Music fans can purchase an All-Music pass for $150, which will include general admission to all six performances. A limited number of preferred All-Music passes are available for $200, which include preferred viewing, a private entrance to the concert venue, dedicated preferred restrooms and cash bar. Performances will begin Thursday, Jan. 28, at 8 p.m., Friday at 9:30 p.m., Saturday at 4:30 p.m. and 9:30 p.m. and Sunday at 3:30 p.m. (all times MT). Tickets and full music and competition schedules are now available at XGames.com. As always, general admission to the action sports competitions and festival villages is free to the public.
In addition to the shows at X Games Aspen, fans can enjoy more intimate shows at Aspen's 450-capacity music venue, Belly Up. Belly Up will host Nas on Wednesday, Twenty One Pilots on Thursday, Run The Jewels (early show) and KYGO (late show) on Friday, mau5trap Presents: deadmau5 on Saturday and DJ SNAKE on Sunday. Please visit BellyUpAspen.com to purchase tickets.
A preferred option for the action sports competitions is also available to fans by purchasing a Platinum Pass for the event. Each Platinum Pass will include access to the platinum suites inside the SuperPipe control tower, serving complimentary beer, wine, spirits and catered food, a guided pre-event tour of the SuperPipe, two-day lift ticket to all four Aspen Snowmass mountains, preferred music viewing, daily autograph opportunities and more. Log on to XGames.com for more detailed Platinum Pass information and pricing.
deadmau5: Joel Zimmerman, more commonly known as deadmau5 (pronounced 'dead mouse'), is one of the world's most respected electronic music producers. Enjoying international chart success with his singles, he has also released five critically acclaimed albums. The multiple JUNO Award-winning and Grammy-nominated artist performed at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards as part of its first-ever telecast performance highlighting electronic music. He appeared on the cover of Rolling Stonein 2012, making him the first electronic artist featured on the magazine's cover. His long-awaited 2015 tour is currently making its way across the globe and new music is in the works for 2016.
DJ SNAKE: Born in France but recently relocated to Miami, DJ/producer William Grigahcine, a.k.a. DJ SNAKE, has taken the Festival/Electronic music scene by storm. His world-wide #1 hit, "Turn Down For What," a collaboration with Lil Jon, was the best-selling electronic music single of 2014, earning the video four MTV VMA nominations, including a win for "Best Direction" and a Grammy nomination for Best Music Video. DJ SNAKE shows no signs of slowing down in 2015. Currently climbing the charts is the hit single, "You Know You Like It," his collaboration with AlunaGeorge. Another hit currently topping the charts is the first single from Major Lazer's new album, "Lean On," a collaboration between DJ SNAKE and Diplo.
KYGO: Hailed by Billboard magazine as the 'the next EDM superstar,' Kyrre Gørvell-Dahll, a.k.a KYGO, has gone from bedroom producer to one of the most hyped electronic artists in quick order. Having established himself as a household name thanks to his widely popular remixes, sell-out shows in North America and Europe as well as headline performances at festivals including TomorrowWorld and Findings, KYGO signed a worldwide recording deal with Sony Music Entertainment in September. His first original track "Firestone," released at the end of 2014, has now amassed over seven million plays across SoundCloud and YouTube and over 40 million plays on Spotify, peaking at #4 in the worldwide Spotify chart.
NAS: The son of famed jazz musician Olu Dara, Nas created what's widely regarded as one of the greatest hip-hop albums of all time with 1994's Illmatic at just 20 years old. Just two years later, Nas released It Was Written, with singles "Street Dreams" and "If I Ruled the World" vaulting him into mainstream success. Two decades later, Nas remains an incendiary and outspoken rapper on the recently-released Life is Good, his tenth album and sixth to debut at the top of the Billboard 200. The collection also received four Grammy nominations and most recently he released a feature-length documentary Time is Illmatic following the span of Nas' career.
Run The Jewels: El-P and Killer Mike, the distinctive American rap duo, continue to exceed expectations with their critically-lauded live performances and recordings, the latest of which, RTJ2, topped year end lists at Pitchfork, Rolling Stone, Stereogum, and more. Well known for their energetic live sets, they are currently on tour in North America on the Jewel Runner Tour.
Twenty One Pilots: BLURRYFACE, Twenty One Pilots' latest album, opens a new chapter in the Columbus, Ohio-based band's story. The album – which follows the duo of Tyler Joseph and Josh Dun's Fueled By Ramen debut, VESSEL – debuted earlier this year, entering the SoundScan/Billboard 200 at number one. Twenty One Pilots are currently on their sold-out headline Blurryface World Tour and have spent much of the past year performing mainstage sets at international festivals including Bonnaroo, Lollapalooza, Japan's Fuji Rock Festival, Belgium's Pukkelpop, and Montreal's Osheaga Festival Musique et Arts. Twenty One Pilots' new single "Stressed Out" is rising quickly at Alternative radio outlets nationwide while its companion video has scored over 20 million views and counting at Twenty One Pilots' official YouTube channel, youtube.com/watch?v=pXRviuL6vMY.
*PLEASE NOTE: The musicians scheduled to perform at X Games Aspen are subject to change. Artists are listed in alphabetical order, please visit XGames.com for a complete schedule.


Celebrations, time with friends, the ability to hit the "restart" button….what's your favorite thing about the New Year? Mine is the hope and promise of improvement. For many, it's our New Year's resolutions about getting in shape and living a healthier lifestyle. Your revenue cycle deserves the same treatment.
According to our recent webinar, "Reimbursement Reality 2018," 42 percent of attendees said denials will be their biggest reimbursement challenge they'll face this year, followed closely by coding issues.
As patient payments continue to take up more of the revenue cycle pie chart and healthcare consumerism progresses, the reality is patients expect more from your billing practices than they previously did. More convenience. More efficiency. And more digital options.
There's one key way to get your revenue cycle in shape and address these challenges: automation.
Automating your clearinghouse and claims management processes can help you tackle denials in the best way possible – by preventing them. And by automating, you create the ability to verify patient information, check eligibility and manage the entire claims process in real time from a single dashboard – including remittance, claims, rejections and denials. At the same time, programs that automatically scrub claims save time on the front and back-end of claims management.
You can also automate things like patient estimates and digital payment options, such as keeping a patient's credit card on file, to increase timeliness of payments and keep your revenue cycle running smoothly. Check out this blog post for more tips on how automation can improve your workflow.
Adhering to these tips can help your organization follow through on its revenue cycle resolutions, shortening the time it takes to get paid, increasing cash flow through fewer rejections and denials, and lowering administrative costs – a solid approach to keeping the cash flowing smoothly throughout 2018.


text:
603-277-9531|karen@northstaradmissions.com
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The Top Mistakes That Women Make When Applying to Graduate School
Home/Business School Admissions, College Admissions, General Admissions, Uncategorized/The Top Mistakes That Women Make When Applying to Graduate School
As the former lead diversity recruiter at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College, I interacted with thousands of women who were applying to graduate school. As the President of North Star Admissions Consulting I have gotten to know even more – bright, competent young women with tremendous potential, who are interested in earning an MBA, JD or MD.
In both of these roles, I have seen women make common errors that severely limit their opportunities. Here are the top mistakes that women make when applying to graduate school:
Lacking Confidence
Some women believe that they need to be "perfect" candidates, and that small blemishes (or perceived blemishes) will disqualify them from consideration. In reality, top graduate programs are extremely excited to meet strong female candidates. Admissions officers are looking for reasons to admit fantastic women, not reasons to deny them.
Aiming too low
Women are coveted commodities, especially in traditionally male dominated fields like business. By underestimating their market strength, women sometimes preemptively take themselves out of the running and don't even apply to the most competitive schools. If appropriate, I encourage women to apply to schools and for scholarships that they thought were unattainable. Given the right advice, they can absolutely succeed.
Using self-deprecating language
When talking about their tremendous academic or professional accomplishments, I have spoken with women who use words like "luck." I have also noticed a tendency to say "sorry" during an interview, and to emphasize collaboration over individual accomplishment. Don't be afraid to own your strengths and achievements.
Dismissing their own instincts
Women sometimes assume that other people know more than they do about the best way to craft their candidacy, and about the admissions process. Following advice from too many people (and discounting your own ability to filter information and make good decisions) can lead to paralysis, and to a muddled, diluted candidacy. Have faith in your own judgment, choose a few impartial, expert advisors and aim high.
By Karen Marks|2014-04-01T11:36:35-04:00April 1st, 2014|Business School Admissions, College Admissions, General Admissions, Uncategorized|
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About the Author: Karen Marks
Karen has more than 12 years of experience evaluating candidates for admission to Dartmouth College and to the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth. Since founding North Star Admissions Consulting in 2012, she has helped applicants gain admission to the nation's top schools, including Stanford, Harvard, Yale, Wharton, MIT, Tuck, Columbia, Kellogg, Booth, Haas, Duke, Johnson, Ross, NYU, UNC, UCLA, Georgetown and more. Clients have been awarded more than 20 million dollars in scholarships, and more than 97% have gotten into one of their top choice schools.
The Three Hardest Things About Navigating the MBA Waitlist
Ready to Start Your MBA Applications?
Surprising Red Flags on Your MBA Application
How to Get Great College Recommendations
How to Strengthen Your Quant Profile for Business School
"Karen has a gift for seeing and bringing out the best in a candidate by listening intently, offering solid, realistic advice, and by honoring the experiences and personality each of her clients brings to the table. Where other consultants were confused by my "non-traditional" background, Karen was able to clearly see how my non-traditional background was a strength and present it as such in my application … I am grateful for all that she has offered me through out this process and cannot recommend her services enough."
North Star offers a comprehensive selection of services to help you throughout the application process.
Karen@northstaradmissions.com
North Star Admissions Consulting
© 2019 Copyright North Star Admissions Consulting, LLC


Started this discussion. Last reply by Synthetik Software Jun 23, 2013.
Started this discussion. Last reply by Lucas Krech Jan 24, 2013.
Started this discussion. Last reply by Synthetik Software Jan 2, 2014.
"making it more smooth I designed it in Fusion 360 and make it on a CNC router"
"I also worked with using a CO2 laser and then create a layer design and paint it. Later on I will cut this from colored acryl to make it"
"I'm working more then a year on a method to translate a SA creation in real 3D Art. Below an example based on your Rutt Etra work"
"Bernard, could you teach how to make this is SA5? Would like to create this to use in combination with CNC router and Laser Cutter machine"
Welcome. Thanks. No probleme if you want some help !...in french ?
I just started to work with SA, after 4 years of Tradiional Oil Painting classes. I'm the first one in school busy with digital art, etc. Have done some work in Processing (processing.org) and then I found SA and suddenly a new world is opening up. I'm still in the early stages of using SA and I'm trying to redo what others have created as a learning point. Your DANCERS are so nice, so some indications on how to create this master piece would be great.
Check out the Image Compressor image operation effect as a tool to boost color as a finishing step.


text:
About Gráinne
Irish Harp Online
Workshop Topics:
All workshops will be taught by ear with sheet music provided as backup. Currently workshops take place online using the Zoom platform. Contact Gráinne to book a workshop for your students or harp circle, tailored to your specific interests and level!
Accompanying Traditional Irish Music: Some approaches to accompanying traditional Irish dance music (when playing with other instruments). The modal nature of Irish music will be discussed. Some widely used chord progressions will be explored, as well as some rhythmic patterns useful for accompanying jigs and reels. Some of the basics of 'session etiquette' will also be discussed.
Aural Learning Made Easy: Do you find the idea of learning by ear daunting? Do you avoid classes that do not use written music? Come and explore different techniques and tips for aural learning, presented in the context of a simple Irish tune. And discover that it's easier than you think!
Carolan & the Music of the Harper Composers: We're still playing his music more than 300 years later. Simple, elegant melodies that are as popular today as then. Learn about Carolan and the other harper bards in this hands-on workshop that will add a new piece to your repertoire.
The Collections of Edward Bunting: This workshop will include some background information on the Belfast Harpers Assembly of 1792, the collections of Edward Bunting, and their significance in preserving the 17th and 18th century harp repertoire. Some tunes from the collections will be taught, and ideas on how to adapt the published piano arrangements for harp will be discussed.
From Scotland to Ireland: This workshop will explore the close musical ties between Ireland and Scotland which have existed for centuries, focusing both on the old Gaelic harping tradition of both countries and the transfer of dance tunes and songs between them. A number of Irish melodies have their origins in Scotland, or exist in different versions in both countries. A brief overview of the topic will be presented, with musical examples, and a few sample tunes will be taught.
Irish Christmas Tunes: It's never too early to start preparing your Christmas repertoire! Learn to play some beautiful Christmas carols and tunes unique to the Irish tradition. Lyrics will be provided, in Irish and with translations.
The Jig is Up: There's nothing that says Irish so much as the sound of a jig. Yet getting that "lilt" is a nuance that escapes many players just reading eighth notes on sheet music. Learn a jig or two from a master player and find out how to get the lightness and lift into your playing.
The History of the Harp in Ireland: A lecture / recital on the history of the harp in Ireland, from its earliest depictions and descriptions up to the present day. Illustrated with musical examples and powerpoint slides.
Irish Slow Airs: Anyone who has ever heard Gráinne play an Irish slow air, knows that these beautiful pieces defy written music transcription. Gráinne will take you through the fine art of interpreting and learning an Irish slow air and getting the nuances that make these pieces among the most challenging in the Irish tradition to get just right. This workshop is taught by ear and no written music will be provided.
Irish Traditional Dance Music: An Introduction to Ornamentation and Arranging: Learn about the different types of ornamentation used in Irish music, how to play them, and how to apply them to a basic melody. Some approaches to creating interesting and stylistically appropriate arrangements will also be covered. The difference between how dance tunes are notated and how they should be played will also be discussed. [This workshop can be tailored to suit various levels]
Concertina Workshops: For participants playing Anglo C/G concertinas. This workshop can be tailored to suit any level, from beginners upwards. It can be presented as an introduction to the instrument, for complete beginners. Or at an intermediate level, the basics of technique and style can be covered (e.g. bellows control, phrasing, alternative fingerings), as well as ornamentation in the context of Irish traditional dance tunes.
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Family Friendly fun! Disc Golf courses offer so much for so little. Everyone can play and all ages do.
We design and install courses on any type of terrain from thick woodland to cliffs, to marshy ground. We have installed courses in public parks, stately homes, family entertainment venues, schools, leisure parks, golf courses and the potential venues are endless.
Courses bring in new and varied footfall to your property and are cheap to install and have negligible costs to maintain.
We are experts in designing courses around other activities safely whilst still providing challenge and fun for all abilities.
Courses can range from 3 hole children friendly pitch and putts to 36 hole championship caliber tournament layouts. The big events in Europe draw crowds in their thousands and bring huge revenue to the area.
Disc Golf is a good walk enhanced and a Disc Golf UK designed course will find the most scenic areas of your land and showcase it to players.
Come and see us to see how we can make you money on otherwise underutilised land!


Take the Trenton Post poll!
Trenton Mayor Reed Gusciora marked his 100th day in office earlier this week. We want to know how you think he's doing. In the poll below, choose the answer that best describes how you feel about the Mayor's first 100 days.
Keep up the excellent work. You are making a significant impact on our great city!
Mayor Reed is what Trenton needs to bring this city up to speed. Trenton will be great again!!!! Hallelujah!


Home Soccer	⚽World Cup  Kicks off TODAY!!!
Hosts Russia will be relying on the home crowd to push them to set of good results that will ensure their passage into the 2nd round. Their opening match clash is against Saudi Arabia, who are making their first appearance in the finals since Germany 2006. BET at 3/1 for Russia to beat Saudi Arabia 2-0 in today's opening match.
BET at 79/1 for Saudi Arabia to end the group with 7 points.
Uruguay and Egypt make up this interesting group. With the likes of Mo Salah and Luis Suarez embracing respective teams, both will see themselves as the team to watch in Group A. It is perhaps a safe bet that Uruguay will top the group, but who is your money on to end runner-up? BET at 4/1 for Egypt to beat Uruguay on 15 June.


text:
Police: Courthouse alarm warns of man threatening to jump
Bethany Bruner
NEWARK - An alarm on the construction scaffolding around the Licking County Courthouse helped alert police to a man who was threatening to jump off the building Saturday night, officials reported.
Sgt. Clint Eskins said the man was spotted on top of the building around 8:30 p.m. Saturday and had threatened to jump off the building or hurt himself.
Eskins said a police officer who is trained as a crisis negotiator, as well as a detective who arrived on scene, began speaking with the man to persuade him to come down.
The man had reportedly tried to climb the scaffolding about an hour earlier, setting off the alarm and then fleeing the immediate area. Eskins said officers who responded to that alarm saw the man in the area of the Courthouse Square, but did not know he had anything to do with the alarm.
After nearly an hour of speaking with the man, he came down to safety of his own accord, Eskins said, and was taken to Licking Memorial Hospital for evaluation. He could face charges of disorderly conduct, inducing panic and criminal trespass.
The bottom of the stairs is encased in wood and is alarmed, a measure taken after Joseph Doyle, 24, allegedly climbed to the roof and stole the building's flag before breaking into the Courthouse through a trap door.
Dave Edelblute, the juvenile court administrator, said the man broke through a barrier, setting off the alarm. Courthouse officials are looking over their procedures to make sure it doesn't happen again.
"We are taking additional measures," Edelblute said.


text:
Q: is there a way to check nested dictionary values and if they have 0 or null or empty string then delete them in python this is json file that i want to convert to python
{
    "UniqueId": "PO3589472",
    "FareType": 2,
    "BookedBy": "Api ",
    "OrderBy": "Api ",
    "ClientBalance": 0,
    "Error": null,
    "Success": true,
    "TktTimeLimit": "2022-08-10T14:11:45",
    "Category": 21,
    "Status": 21,
    "RefundMethod": 1,
    "TravelItinerary": {
        "ItineraryInfo": {
            "ItineraryPricing": {
                "BaseFare": 8469250,
                "ServiceTax": 0,
                "TotalTax": 993000,
                "TotalFare": 9462250,
                "TotalCommission": 0,
                "Currency": "IRR"
            },
            "CustomerInfoes": [
                {
                    "Customer": {
                        "Gender": 0,
                        "PassengerType": 1,
                        "PassportNumber": "",
                        "NationalId": "1829961233",
                        "Nationality": "IR",
                        "DateOfBirth": "1996-07-08T00:00:00",
                        "PassportExpireDate": "0001-01-01T00:00:00",
                        "PassportIssueCountry": "IR",
                        "PassportIssueDate": "2022-08-10T00:00:00",
                        "PaxName": {
                            "PassengerFirstName": "MAJID",
                            "PassengerMiddleName": null,
                            "PassengerLastName": "MAJIDIFAR",
                            "PassengerTitle": 0
                        }
                    },
                    "ETickets": "8151405444745",
                    "ETicketNumbers": [
                        {
                            "ETicketNumber": "8151405444745",
                            "EticketStatus": 1,
                            "IsRefunded": false,
                            "DateOfIssue": "2022-08-10T13:58:47",
                            "AirlinePnr": "TXNXM",
                            "TotalRefund": 0
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "ReservationItems": [
                {
                    "AirEquipmentType": "737",
                    "AirlinePnr": "TXNXM",
                    "ArrivalAirportLocationCode": "ABD",
                    "ArrivalDateTime": "2022-08-17T23:25:00",
                    "ArrivalTerminal": "",
                    "Baggage": "20KG",
                    "DepartureAirportLocationCode": "THR",
                    "DepartureDateTime": "2022-08-17T22:05:00",
                    "DepartureTerminal": "Terminal 4",
                    "FlightNumber": "3750",
                    "JourneyDuration": "01:20",
                    "JourneyDurationPerMinute": 0,
                    "MarketingAirlineCode": "EP",
                    "OperatingAirlineCode": "EP",
                    "ResBookDesigCode": "Y",
                    "StopQuantity": 0,
                    "IsCharter": false,
                    "TechnicalStops": [],
                    "IsReturn": false,
                    "CabinClassCode": 1
                }
            ],
            "TripDetailPtcFareBreakdowns": [
                {
                    "PassengerTypeQuantity": {
                        "PassengerType": 1,
                        "Quantity": 1
                    },
                    "TripDetailPassengerFare": {
                        "BaseFare": 8469250,
                        "ServiceTax": 0,
                        "Tax": 993000,
                        "TotalFare": 9462250,
                        "Commission": 0,
                        "Currency": "IRR"
                    }
                }
            ],
            "PhoneNumber": "09359276735",
            "Email": "info@iran-tech.com",
            "ItineraryFareFamily": null
        },
        "BookingNotes": [],
        "Services": []
    },
    "ValidatingAirlineCode": "EP",
    "DirectionInd": 1,
    "OnlineCheckIn": false,
    "AirRemark": [],
    "curl_error": false
}

A: This function will recursively iterate over dictionary and remove keys with empty values. However, there may be some issues with nested lists, I will try to finish it later.
def remove_keys_in_one_level(d):
    if isinstance(d, dict):
        for key, value in list(d.items()):
            if not value:  # configure this condition if you don't want to remove empty lists, dictionaries...
                d.pop(key)
            else:
                remove_keys_in_one_level(value)
    elif isinstance(d, list):
        for lst_indx, lst_item in enumerate(d):
           remove_keys_in_one_level(lst_item)

    return d

remove_keys_in_one_level(jsn)

A: As mentioned already, this begs for recursion. Here is an example:
import json
from collections.abc import Callable, Hashable
from typing import Any

def filter_dict(
    dictionary: dict[Hashable, Any],
    exclude_func: Callable[[Any], bool],
) -> None:
    discard = set()
    for key, value in dictionary.items():
        if isinstance(value, dict):
            filter_dict(value, exclude_func)
        elif exclude_func(value):
            discard.add(key)
    for key in discard:
        del dictionary[key]

def is_nothing(value: Any) -> bool:
    return value is None or value == 0 or value == ""

def main() -> None:
    j = "{}"  # Your JSON string here
    d = json.loads(j)
    filter_dict(d, is_nothing)
    print(json.dumps(d, indent=4))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

It does not handle JSON objects nested inside arrays (i.e. dictionaries nested inside lists), but I think you can build on that yourself.

A: If data contains your parsed Json string from the question you can do:
def change(o):
    if isinstance(o, dict):
        for k, v in tuple(o.items()):
            if v is None or v == 0 or v == "":
                del o[k]
            else:
                change(v)
    elif isinstance(o, list):
        for v in o:
            change(v)

change(data)
print(data)

Prints:
{
    "UniqueId": "PO3589472",
    "FareType": 2,
    "BookedBy": "Api ",
    "OrderBy": "Api ",
    "Success": True,
    "TktTimeLimit": "2022-08-10T14:11:45",
    "Category": 21,
    "Status": 21,
    "RefundMethod": 1,
    "TravelItinerary": {
        "ItineraryInfo": {
            "ItineraryPricing": {
                "BaseFare": 8469250,
                "TotalTax": 993000,
                "TotalFare": 9462250,
                "Currency": "IRR",
            },
            "CustomerInfoes": [
                {
                    "Customer": {
                        "PassengerType": 1,
                        "NationalId": "1829961233",
                        "Nationality": "IR",
                        "DateOfBirth": "1996-07-08T00:00:00",
                        "PassportExpireDate": "0001-01-01T00:00:00",
                        "PassportIssueCountry": "IR",
                        "PassportIssueDate": "2022-08-10T00:00:00",
                        "PaxName": {
                            "PassengerFirstName": "MAJID",
                            "PassengerLastName": "MAJIDIFAR",
                        },
                    },
                    "ETickets": "8151405444745",
                    "ETicketNumbers": [
                        {
                            "ETicketNumber": "8151405444745",
                            "EticketStatus": 1,
                            "DateOfIssue": "2022-08-10T13:58:47",
                            "AirlinePnr": "TXNXM",
                        }
                    ],
                }
            ],
            "ReservationItems": [
                {
                    "AirEquipmentType": "737",
                    "AirlinePnr": "TXNXM",
                    "ArrivalAirportLocationCode": "ABD",
                    "ArrivalDateTime": "2022-08-17T23:25:00",
                    "Baggage": "20KG",
                    "DepartureAirportLocationCode": "THR",
                    "DepartureDateTime": "2022-08-17T22:05:00",
                    "DepartureTerminal": "Terminal 4",
                    "FlightNumber": "3750",
                    "JourneyDuration": "01:20",
                    "MarketingAirlineCode": "EP",
                    "OperatingAirlineCode": "EP",
                    "ResBookDesigCode": "Y",
                    "TechnicalStops": [],
                    "CabinClassCode": 1,
                }
            ],
            "TripDetailPtcFareBreakdowns": [
                {
                    "PassengerTypeQuantity": {
                        "PassengerType": 1,
                        "Quantity": 1,
                    },
                    "TripDetailPassengerFare": {
                        "BaseFare": 8469250,
                        "Tax": 993000,
                        "TotalFare": 9462250,
                        "Currency": "IRR",
                    },
                }
            ],
            "PhoneNumber": "09359276735",
            "Email": "info@iran-tech.com",
        },
        "BookingNotes": [],
        "Services": [],
    },
    "ValidatingAirlineCode": "EP",
    "DirectionInd": 1,
    "AirRemark": [],
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I am a housewife from Kerala.I have 2 children 7 yrs old and 3 yrs old.I would like to post my sons worksheets who is in class2.I have done MCA from Avinashilingam University(2004 bpass out.roll no.2k1pca05).Since we have transfer job I cannot join any job permanently.So I am looking for a part time online job which I can do in the free time.
Which city you are based n?
I am sending one of worksheets I have created for K.G students.please check it and tell me whether I can post these type of resources in study village.


text:
Q: str_replace for UTF-16 characters I have some strings containing characters such as \x{1f601} which I want to replace with some text.
When I do this using preg_replace, it would be something like:
preg_replace('/\x{1f601}/u', '######', $str)

However, this doesn't seem to work with str_replace:
str_replace("\x{1f601}", '######', $str)

How can I make such replacements work with str_replace?

A: preg_replace is a  Regex parser/replacer, which is a Perl Regular expression engine, but str_replace is NOT and replaces things with a plaintext method
The Preg_replace you have got can be seen here in regex101, stating that:

matches the character  with position 0x1f601 (128513 decimal or 373001 octal) in the character set

But this could be transferable to a non-regex find and replace,by copy and pasting that face smiley symbol into the str_replace directly.
$str = str_replace("", '######', $str)

Or, by reading deceze's comment which gives you a clean, small solution.
Additional:
You are using a character set that is non-standard so it may be useful for you to explore Mb_Str_replace (gitHub) which is an accompanyment (but not directly from) the mb_string collection of PHP functions.
Finally:
Why do you need to do string replace whe you are already doing regex preg_replace? Also please read the manual which states all of this fairly clearly.


text:
Trump Clinches Respirator Mask Deal With 3M
Sharon Wrobel- April 7, 2020, 2:39 PM EDT
The Trump administration and 3M (MMM), the U.S. manufacturer announced a joint initiative to import 166.5 million of its N95 respirator masks over a three-month period.
Under the terms of the plan, starting in April, 3M will import 55 million masks a month into the U.S. for three months, mainly from its flagship plant in China. The plan will allow 3M to continue to distribute U.S. produced respirators to Canada and Latin America, where 3M is the primary supplier.
In addition, 3M said that it agreed with the Trump administration that it would be cracking down on the recent price-gouging and counterfeiting of its respirator masks.
"We share the same goals of providing much-needed respirators to Americans across our country and combating criminals who seek to take advantage of the current crisis", said 3M chairman and CEO Mike Roman. "These imports will supplement the 35 million N95 respirators we currently produce per month in the United States."
The U.S. administration confirmed that it was committed to address and remove export and regulatory restrictions to enable this plan.
Since the coronavirus outbreak in January, 3M had ramped up the production of N95 respirators and doubled its global output to 1.1 billion per year, including the 35 million a month in the U.S. 3M said that it had taken actions to double its capacity to 2 billion globally within 12 months, with additional capacity to begin coming online in the next 60 to 90 days. In the U.S., 3M expects to produce 50 million N95 respirators per month in June, a 40% increase from current levels.
Wall Street analysts take a cautious stance on 3M. The company's Hold analyst consensus rating is based on 4 Holds, 2 Sells, and 2 Buys. The average price target of $156.40 suggests potential room for a 6% gain in the next 12 months. (See 3M's stock analysis on TipRanks)
Co-Diagnostics' COVID-19 Test Gets FDA Emergency Use Authorization; What's Next?
Tactile Systems Pre-Releases 1Q; Pulls FY20 Guidance on Covid-19
Carnival Shares Get Some Relief After Saudi Fund Buys Stake
blogger opinions
stats charts
Top Smart Score
Top 25 Analysts
Credit Suisse Analyst Raises Price Target for 3M Co (MMM)
Zach Wohlberg, July 27, 2016
The Dividend Kings: Dividend Stocks with 50+ Years of Rising Dividends
Sure Dividend, May 5, 2015
Top 10 S&P 500 Companies By Dividend Growth
Dividend Yield, March 23, 2015
Bloggers CornerEnergyFinancialIndustrialUtilities


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text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro}
Our starting point is the following theorem due to B.~J.~Birch~\cite{birch59} from 1959.
\begin{theorem}\label{theorem-birch}Given $3N$ points in $\mathbb{R}^2$, we
  can divide them into $N$ triads such that their convex hulls contain
  a common point.
\end{theorem}
The proof of Theorem~\ref{theorem-birch} is based on a lemma on
partitioning a general measure which is due to Richard Rado, nowadays
known as the {\it center point theorem}. See e.g.~Matou\v{s}ek's textbook~\cite{matousek02:_lectur_discr_geomet},
or Tverberg and Vre\'cica~\cite{tverberg93} for more details.

Theorem~\ref{theorem-birch} led us to the following definition,
see also Tverberg and Vre\'cica~\cite{tverberg93}.
\begin{definition*}\label{def-birch}
  Let $X$ be a set of $k(d+1)$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ for some $k\geq 1$. A
  point $p\in\mathbb{R}^d$ is a {\it Birch point} of $X$ if there is a
  partition of $X$ into $k$ subsets of size $d+1$, each containing $p$
  in its convex hull. The partition of $X$ is a {\it Birch partition
    for $p$}. For fixed $p\in\mathbb{R}^d$, let $B_p(X)$ be the number of
  unordered Birch partitions for $p$.
\end{definition*}
From now on, we fix $p$ to be the origin, and we write {\it Birch
  partition} instead of {\it Birch partition for the origin} for
short. A set of points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ is {\it in general position} if
no $k+2$ points are on a common $k$-dimensional affine
subspace. A set $X$ of points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ is {\it in general position with respect to a point $p$} if $X\cup\{p\}$ is in general position.

Our first main result is the following theorem on the number of Birch
partitions.
\begin{theorem}\label{thm-number-birch-part}Let $d\geq 1$ and $k \geq 2$ be
  integers, and $X$ be a set of $k(d+1)$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ in general
  position with respect to the origin $0$. Then the following
  properties hold for $B_0(X)$:
\begin{enumerate}[\rm i)]
\item\label{it-birch-even}$B_0(X)$ is even.
\item\label{it-birch-lower}$B_0(X)>0\,\,\Longrightarrow\,\,B_0(X)\geq k!$
\end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}
If the origin is not in the convex hull of $X$, then one has $B_0(X)=0$
which is even. If there is a Birch partition then the lower bound given
in Property~\ref{it-birch-lower}) is tight. Based on computer experiments,
we moreover conjecture:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{bp-conj}B_0(X)\leq (k!)^d.
\end{eqnarray}

B.~J.~Birch proved Theorem~\ref{theorem-birch} to obtain the following
statement for $d=2$. Helge Tverberg then settled the problem for arbitrary
dimension $d$ in 1966.
\begin{theorem}[Tverberg's theorem]\label{thm-tverberg}
  Let $d$ and $q$ be integers. Any $(q-1)(d+1)+1$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ can
  be partitioned into $q$ subsets such that their convex hulls have a
  point in common.
\end{theorem}
Partitions as in Theorem~\ref{thm-tverberg} are {\it Tverberg
partitions (into $q$ blocks)}.
From now on, we implicitly assume that Tverberg partitions
are partitions into $q$ blocks given a set of $(q-1)(d+1)+1$
points in $\mathbb{R}^d$. The point in common is a {\it Tverberg point}.

A wave of excitement started in 1981 when B\'ar\'any et al.~\cite{bss81:_tverb} were able to
prove a more general topological version known as the {\it Topological
Tverberg Theorem} when $q$ is a prime number using Borsuk-Ulam's
theorem from algebraic topology. This has then been extended to
prime powers $q$ by many authors, e.~g.~\"Ozaydin~\cite{oezaydin87:_equiv},
Volovikov~\cite{volovikov96:_tverb_theor},
Sarkaria~\cite{sarkaria00:_tverb_borsuk}. The general
case for arbitrary $q$ is still open; see Matou\v{s}ek's
textbook~\cite{matou03:_using_borsuk_ulam} for more background.

The number of Tverberg partitions has
been studied by Vu\'ci\'c and \v{Z}ivaljevi\'c~\cite{vz93:_notes_sierk},
and Hell~\cite{hell07:_tverb}. Using the
equivariant method from topological combinatorics they have obtained:
\begin{theorem}\label{theorem-top-lower-tp}Let $q=p^r$ be a prime
  power and $d\geq 1$. For any continuous map \mbox{$f:\sigma^N\rightarrow
    \mathbb{R}^d$}, where $N=(d+1)(q-1)$, the number of unordered $q$-tuples
  $\{F_1,F_2,\ldots,F_q\}$ of disjoint faces of the $N$-simplex
  with\linebreak $\bigcap_{i=1}^{q}f(\| F_i \|)\not=\emptyset$ is at
  least
\[\frac{1}{(q-1)!}\cdot\left(\frac{q}{r+1}\right)^{\lceil\frac{N}{2}\rceil}.\]
\end{theorem}
Restricting $f$ to an affine map, unordered $q$-tuples as in
Theorem~\ref{theorem-top-lower-tp}
are in bijection with Tverberg partitions of the set
$\{f(v_i)\,|\,v_0,v_1,\ldots,v_N \text{ vertices of } \sigma^N\}$
of $N+1=(d+1)(q-1)+1$ many points in $\mathbb{R}^d$.

Using Theorem~\ref{thm-number-birch-part}, we obtain our second main
result: The first
non-trivial lower bound for the number of Tverberg partitions
that holds for arbitrary $q$.
\begin{theorem}\label{thm-lower-aff-arb}Let $X$ be a set of
  $(d+1)(q-1)+1$ points in general position in $\mathbb{R}^d$. Then
  the following properties hold for the number $T(X)$ of Tverberg
  partitions: \begin{enumerate}[\rm i)]
  \item $T(X)$ is even for $q>d+1$.
  \item\label{item-tp-lower} $T(X)\geq (q-d)!$
  \end{enumerate}
\end{theorem}
Property~\ref{item-tp-lower}) improves the result of Theorem
\ref{theorem-top-lower-tp} for $d=2$ and $q\geq 7$. Sierksma
conjectured in 1979 that $T(X)$ is bounded from below by
$((q-1)!)^d$. Combining Theorem~\ref{thm-lower-aff-arb}
and methods from topological combinatorics, we have been
able to confirm this conjecture for $d=2$ and $q=3$
in Hell~\cite{hell08:_tverberg_constraints}, see also
Hell~\cite{hell06:_tverb_fract_helly}.\\

In Section~\ref{sec-number-bp}, we prove Theorem
\ref{thm-number-birch-part}. Section~\ref{sec-new-lower-tp} comes with
a proof of Theorem~\ref{thm-lower-aff-arb}.

\section{On the number of Birch partitions}
\label{sec-number-bp}
Figure~\ref{fig-birch} shows a Birch partition for the origin
denoted as $+$. Each triangle
corresponds to a partition block. There is another way to obtain a
Birch partition for the origin in this example.
\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
  \includegraphics{birch}
  \caption{A Birch partition for $6$ points in the plane. }
  \label{fig-birch}
\end{figure}

For $d=1$, a Birch partition of a set $X$ of $2k$ points corresponds to
$k$ intervals containing $0$. Therefore $k$ points of X are in $\mathbb{R}^+$, and
$k$ many in $\mathbb{R}^-$. It is easy to check that there are exactly $k!$
ways to obtain a Birch partition. Hence we have settled Theorem~\ref{thm-number-birch-part}
for $d=1$.\\

We now prove Theorem~\ref{thm-number-birch-part} for $d\geq 2$ in two
steps: We first prove Property~\ref{it-birch-even}), then we prove that
Property~\ref{it-birch-even}) implies Property~\ref{it-birch-lower}).

In our proof, we make use of the
following basic lemma; see e.~g.~B\'ar\'any and Matou\v{s}ek~\cite{barany07:_quadr},
or Deza et al.~\cite{deza06:_colour} for a proof.
\begin{lemma}\label{lemma-convex-cone}
  If $X\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ is a set of points in
  general position with respect to the origin~$0$ and $p\in X$,
  then $0\in{\rm conv} (X)$ if and only  if $-p\in{\rm cone}(X\setminus\{p\})$.
\end{lemma}

The following lemma is an easy consequence of Lemma~\ref{lemma-convex-cone}.
\begin{lemma}\label{lem-even-convex}Let $X$ be a set of $d+2$
  points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ that is in general position with respect to the
  origin. Then the number of $d$-simplices with vertices in $X$ that
  contain the origin is even. In fact, this number is either $0$, or
  $2$.
\end{lemma}
See Figure~\ref{fig-3simpl} for a configuration of four points
in dimension $d=2$ such that two triangles contain the origin $+$.

\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
  \includegraphics{3simplex}
  \caption{Four points that form two triangles containing the origin. }
  \label{fig-3simpl}
\end{figure}

\begin{proof}[Proof] (of Theorem~\ref{thm-number-birch-part}) We first prove
Property~\ref{it-birch-even}) for arbitrary $d\geq 2$, by induction on $k\geq
2$. The base case $k=2$ is the key
part.\\

$k=2$:
If all rays of the $2d+2$ points of $X$ intersect $S^{d-1}\subset\mathbb{R}^d$
close to the north pole then $B_0(X)=0$, as $0\not\in{\rm conv}(X)$. We move one
point $p$ of $X$ at a time while all other points remain fixed. The point $p$
can be moved on its ray without changing $B_0(X)$.
Instead of following $p$, we look at its antipode $-p$ as for any
$d$-element subset $S$ of $X\setminus\{p\}$ one has due to Lemma
\ref{lemma-convex-cone}:
\[ 0\in{\rm conv}(S\cup\{p\}) \text{\;\; iff \;\;} -p\in{\rm cone}(S).\] Every
$d$-element subset of $X\setminus\{p\}$ defines a cone, and these
cones define a decomposition of the sphere $S^{d-1}\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ into cells. The
boundary of a cell is defined by hyperplanes spanned by
$(d-1)$-element subsets of $X\setminus\{p\}$ and the origin. At some
point we are forced to move $-p$ transversally from one side of a
boundary hyperplane defined by a $(d-1)$-element subset $T$ to the
other side. When $-p$ crosses such a hyperplane then $B_0(X)$ might
change. We show in the case distinction below that for every change
the parity of $B_0(X)$ does not change. The number $B_0(X)$ is thus
even as we can move every point of $X$ to its position while fixing
all other points. The cell decomposition during this process is nice:
We can move $-p$ to every position on the sphere while crossing
hyperplanes in a transversal way.

Let us first look at the set of all $d$-simplices $S$ spanned by $d+1$
points from $X$ that contain the origin. If $-p$ crosses the
hyperplane through $T$ transversally, this set might change. For this,
put $\tilde{T}=T\cup\{p\}$.  For all simplices that do not contain
$\tilde{T}$ as a face nothing changes.  If $S$ is of the form
$\tilde{T}\cup\{x\}$ for some $x\in X\setminus\tilde{T}$, then this
property switches:
\begin{quote}$0\in{\rm conv} (S)$
before the crossing iff $0\not\in{\rm conv} (S)$ afterwards.
\end{quote}

A Birch partition consists of a $d$-simplex $S$ and its complement
$\bar{S}$ in $X$ -- which is again a $d$-simplex -- such that both
contain the origin.  The change of $B_0(X)$ coming from the crossing
of $-p$ can thus only be affected by partitions that contain
$\tilde{T}$ as a face of $S$, or of $\bar{S}$.

Case 1: The complements of all simplices using $\tilde{T}$ do not
contain the origin. $B_0(X)$ does not change as the set of all Birch
partition remains the same.

Case 2: Assume that $\tilde{T}$ is not part of a $d$-simplex $S$ such
that $\{S,\bar{S}\}$ is a Birch partition, and that after the crossing
of $-p$ a Birch partition comes up. We show that Birch partitions come
up in pairs.

Suppose there is a new Birch partition of the form
$S=\tilde{T}\cup\{x_1\}$ together with its complement $\bar{S}$. Due
to Lemma~\ref{lem-even-convex} there is exactly two $d$-simplices in
$\bar{S}\cup\{x_1\}$ such that both contain the origin. One of them is
$\bar{S}$, let $S^*$ be the other. By assumption $0\not\in\bar{S^*}$
before the crossing of $-p$. In fact, $\bar{S^*}=\tilde{T}\cup\{x_2\}$
for some $x_2$. The set $\{\bar{S^*},S^*\}$ is thus our second Birch
partition as $0\in{\rm conv}(\bar{S^*})$ afterwards.\\
Suppose there are three Birch partitions of the form
$S_1=\tilde{T}\cup\{x_1\}$, $S_2=\tilde{T}\cup\{x_2\}$, and
$S_3=\tilde{T}\cup\{x_3\}$, with $x_1,x_2,x_3\in X\setminus\tilde{T}$,
together with their complements.  This can not happen: One has
$0\in\bar{S_i}$ for $i=1,2,3$, and $|\bigcup_{i=1}^3\bar{S_i}|=d+2$.
This contradicts Lemma~\ref{lem-even-convex}. Hence the two new Birch
partitions are of the form $\tilde{T}\cup\{x_1\}$
resp.~$\tilde{T}\cup\{x_2\}$, with $x_1,x_2\in X\setminus\tilde{T}$,
plus their complements.

Case 3: This is the inverse case of Case 2. Assume that there are
exactly two Birch partitions of the form $\tilde{T}\cup\{x_1\}$
resp.~$\tilde{T}\cup\{x_2\}$, with $x_1,x_2\in X\setminus\tilde{T}$,
plus their complements before the crossing. Both of them vanish
after crossing of $-p$. New Birch partitions do not come up as
for this we needed another $\tilde{T}\cup\{x_3\}$ such that
its complement contains the origin. This cannot exist due
to Lemma~\ref{lem-even-convex}.

Case 4: Assume there is exactly one Birch partition of the form
$S=\tilde{T}\cup\{x\}$, with $x\in X\setminus\tilde{T}$, together with
its complement before the crossing. This Birch partition vanishes, and
a new one comes up.

One has $0\not\in S$ after the crossing of $-p$ so that
$\{S,\bar{S}\}$ vanishes. As in Case 2, there are exactly two
$d$-simplices in $\bar{S}\cup\{x\}$ such that each contains the
origin.  One of them is $\bar{S}$, let $S^*$ be the other. By
assumption $0\not\in\bar{S^*}$ before the crossing of $-p$. In fact,
$\bar{S^*}=\tilde{T}\cup\{x'\}$ for some $x'$. The set
$\{\bar{S^*},S^*\}$ is thus the new Birch partition as
$0\in{\rm conv}(\bar{S^*})$ afterwards.\\

Let now $k\geq 3$, and let $p$ be a point in $X$. Let $F_1^{(1)},F_1^{(2)},\dots, F_1^{(l)}$
be all $d$-simplices containing $p$ that can be completed to a Birch
partition of the origin into $k$ subsets. For every $F_i$, omitting
$F_i$ leads to a Birch partition into $k-1$ subsets. By induction
hypothesis, there is an even number of Birch partitions into $k-1$
subsets for the restriction of every $F_i$. \\

Now we assume Property~\ref{it-birch-even}), and derive Property~\ref{it-birch-lower})
by induction on $k\geq 2$. The case $k=2$ is due
to Property~\ref{it-birch-even}): $B_0(X)$ is even, so
\[ B_0(X)>0\,\,\Longrightarrow\,\,B_0(X)\geq 2=k!\] Let $k\geq 3$ and
$B_0(X)>0$. Then there is a Birch partition $F_1,F_2,\ldots ,F_k$. If
we take any $k-1$ of the $F_i$, they form again a Birch partition. By
induction hypothesis, the union of $k-1$ many $F_i$ has at least
$(k-1)!$ Birch partitions. In particular, there are $(k-1)!$ many Birch
partitions of $X$ into $k$ subsets that start with $F_1$.  Let $p$ be an
element of $F_1$.

For every pair $F_1,F_i$, for $i\in\{2,3,\ldots k\}$, one has again
$B_0(F_1\cup F_i)>0$ and so there is a second Birch partition
$\tilde{F}_1^i,\tilde{F}_i$ of $F_1\cup F_i$. Assume without loss of
generality $p\in\tilde{F}_1^i$. The $k$ sets
$F_1,\tilde{F}_1^2,\tilde{F}_1^3,\ldots,\tilde{F}_1^k$ are pairwise
distinct by construction. Every one of them contributes $(k-1)!$ many
Birch partitions of $X$ by induction hypothesis.\end{proof}
\begin{remark}\label{rem--bp-lower-bound}
  In the induction of our second step, we
  didn't make use of convexity. The key is the base case $k=2$:
\[B_0(X)>0\,\,\Longrightarrow\,\,B_0(X)\geq 2.\]
\end{remark}
\begin{remark*}\label{rem-sierksma-upper-birch}
  Sierkma's configuration shown for $d=2$ and $q=4$
  in Figure~\ref{fig-sierksma} attains the
  conjectured upper bound~(\ref{bp-conj}) for $B_p(X)$. Hence it would be
  \emph{maximal} for the number of Birch partitions. At the same time,
  Sierksma conjectured it to be \emph{minimal} for the number of Tverberg
  partitions.
\end{remark*}
\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
  \includegraphics{sierksma}
  \caption{A planar configuration with
    $36=(3!)^2$ Birch resp.~Tverberg partitions.}
  \label{fig-sierksma}
\end{figure}

\section[On the number of Tverberg partitions]
{On the number of Tverberg partitions}
\label{sec-new-lower-tp}
In this section, we prove Theorem~\ref{thm-lower-aff-arb}. The proof
is based on the fact that Birch partitions come up while
studying Tverberg partitions.

Figure~\ref{fig-sierksma} shows a set $X$ of
$(d+1)(q-1)+1=10$ points in the plane
for $q=4$. A Tverberg partition can be read off as follows:
Each triangle corresponds to a partition block. The point
in the center is the forth block, and at the same time a Tverberg point.

In our proof, we need the following
reformulation of Lemma~2.7 from Sch\"oneborn and
Ziegler~\cite{schoeneborn05:_topol_tverb_theor}.
\begin{lemma}\label{obs-gen-pos-tp}
  Let $X$ be set of $(d+1)(q-1)+1$ in
  general position in $\mathbb{R}^d$. Then a Tverberg partition consists of:\\
  \textbullet\,\, Type~I: One vertex $v$, and $(q-1)$ many
  $d$-simplices containing $v$. \\
  \textbullet\,\, Type~II: $k$ intersecting simplices of dimension
  less than $d$, and $(q-k)$ $d$-simplices containing the
  intersection point for some $1<k\leq \min\{d,q\}$.
\end{lemma}
For $d=2$, a type~II partition consist of two intersecting segments,
and $q-2$ many triangles containing their intersection point.

\begin{proof}[Proof] (of Theorem~\ref{thm-lower-aff-arb}) Tverberg's Theorem
\ref{thm-tverberg} implies the existence of a Tverberg partition
together with a Tverberg point $p$.  The set $X$ is in general
position such that the partition is either of type~I, or type~II.

For type~I, $q-1$
disjoint $d$-simplices contain a point $p$ of $X$.  The $q-1$ disjoint
$d$-simplices make up a Birch partition for $p$. Theorem
\ref{thm-number-birch-part} implies that there are at least $(q-1)!$
many Birch partitions of $p$.  Hence there are at least $(q-1)!$ many
Tverberg partitions.

For type~II, the Tverberg point $p$ is the
intersection of the convex hull of $k\leq d$ many sets of cardinality
at most $d$. The remaining points are partitioned into $q-k$ many
$d$-simplices containing $p$. For $q>d+1$, this makes up a Birch
partition for $p$ into $q-k\geq 2$ sets.  Again by Theorem
\ref{thm-number-birch-part} there are at least $(q-k)!$ Tverberg
partitions.

Properties i) and ii) follow from the corresponding
results on the number of Birch partitions from Theorem
\ref{thm-number-birch-part}. For $q>d+1$, both types of Tverberg
partitions correspond bijectively to Birch partitions so that the
number of Tverberg partitions is even. As we can not predict the type
of the Tverberg partition, the lower bound is equal to $(q-d)!$.
\end{proof}
\begin{remark*}\label{rem-prf-lower}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Our proof shows a bit more than a lower bound of $(q-d)!$. If we knew
what type of Tverberg partition showed up, then we would obtain $(q-k)!$
for some $k\in\{1,2,\ldots,d\}$. If there is a Tverberg partition of
type~I then the lower bound equals $(q-1)!$.
\item In Hell~\cite{hell08:_tverberg_constraints}, we improve the result
of Theorem~\ref{thm-lower-aff-arb} by proving a lower bound
for the number of Tverberg points, and by using Tverberg's theorem
with constraints.
\end{enumerate}
\end{remark*}

\section{Further directions}
Motivated by recent work of Sch\"oneborn and Ziegler~\cite{schoeneborn05:_topol_tverb_theor},
and Remark~\ref{rem--bp-lower-bound} we have also studied the concept of
winding Birch partitions to obtain lower bounds
in the topological setting, see Hell~\cite{hell06:_tverb_fract_helly} for more details. The properties of Theorem~\ref{thm-number-birch-part}
do not carry over to the topological setting. Hence a lower bound for the number of Tverberg partitions cannot be derived.
A computer project led to many examples of piecewise linear maps that have exactly one winding Birch partition for $k=2$; a smoothed version of one of them is
shown in Figure \ref{fig-k6-one-wbp}. There the only winding Birch
partition -- shown in broken lines -- is $\{1,2,3\}$ and $\{4,5,6\}$ with winding numbers $\pm
1$ resp.~$\pm 2$. For arbitrary dimension $d\geq 2$,
note that any example for dimension $d$ can be
extended to an example in dimension $d+1$ using a construction
from Sch\"oneborn and Ziegler~\cite{schoeneborn05:_topol_tverb_theor}.
\begin{figure}[h]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=4cm]{k6-one-wbp}
    \caption{$K_6$ with exactly one winding Birch partition.}
    \label{fig-k6-one-wbp}
\end{figure}

Let us end with two problems. Both are promising starting
points for future research.
\begin{problem}\label{prob-birch-gale}Relate the properties on
  the number $B_p(X)$ of Birch partitions to polytope theory.  Birch
  partitions show up while studying Gale diagrams; see Ziegler's
  textbook~\cite{ziegler95:_polytopes} for an introduction to Gale
  diagrams. In fact, a set $X$ of $k(d+1)$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with
  $B_0(X)>0$ corresponds to a Gale diagram of a $k$-neighborly
  $(k-1)(d+1)$-dimensional simplicial polytope on $k(d+1)$ vertices.
\end{problem}
\begin{problem}\label{prob-birch-hc}
It is well-known that Radon's, Helly's, and
Carath\'eodory's theorem are closely related. Do the results on
the number of Birch partitions imply new Helly-type, or
Carath\'eodory-type results?
\end{problem}

\section*{Acknowledgements}
Part of this work was stimulated by recent results on the colorful
simplicial depth by B\'ar\'any and Matou\v{s}ek~\cite{barany07:_quadr}, and Deza et.~al.~\cite{deza06:_colour}.
We thank Juliette Hell, Axel Werner, Carsten Schultz, G\"unter M.Ziegler,
and Rade \v{Z}ivaljevi\'c for helpful discussions and valuable remarks. All results are
part of my PhD thesis~\cite{hell06:_tverb_fract_helly}.
This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
within the European graduate program `Combinatorics, Geometry, and Computation' (No. GRK 588/2).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Home » Actors/Actresses » Comedy » Post Maigret, is there more 'Bean' in Rowan Atkinson's future?
Fresh off another brilliant performance as French detective Jules Maigret in the Easter Sunday broadcast of "Maigret: Night at the Crossroads", Rowan Atkinson has dropped a few hints that he and long-time BFF Richard Curtis could have another Mr. Bean feature storyline ready to share with the masses in the near future.
According to reports from the Daily Star Journal, the movie would feature the popular character as an old age pensioner. The 62-year-old comic thinks his friend and series co-creator, Love Actually writer Richard Curtis, has come up with a very funny idea featuring his popular character in his senior years.
"It would be very funny to see where we can go with him as an old man and what kind of comedy we get out of it. Playing an old person can be very funny," Atkinson said.
The Mr. Bean television series originally aired between 1990 until 1995. The series was then adapted into two films, Bean: The Ultimate Disaster Movie in 1997 and Mr. Bean's Holiday in 2007 and Atkinson has never really strayed far from his creation having reprised the character at the 2012 London Olympics Opening Ceremony, in 2014 for a Snickers commercial and two Comic Relief sketches, the last being in 2015.
Unfortunately, there seems to be an annual rumor of a either a new Mr. Bean movie or that the Blackadder cast is getting back together for a fifth series so as much as I'd like a full-length Bean movie, I'll believe it when production begins. In the meantime, I'll just grab the series DVDs.


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Home News General Iran – Zarif's False Diplomacy for Talks With Saudi Arabia
Iran – Zarif's False Diplomacy for Talks With Saudi Arabia
Mostafa Aslani
The situation for the regime is so spoiled, that Zarif tried to open the doors of relations with countries in the region, and in particular, Saudi Arabia may be to find a way to solve some of the regime's problems.
In particular, the mullahs are suffering from regional and international isolation these days. On this subject Zarif tried with lies and frivolity, to reach out to Saudi Arabia, whose oilfields his regime recently attacked with missiles and drones. He suggested they could open a window, even a small aperture for dialogue, and thus open the door for the regime to breathe while it is choking on the brink of the massive crisis.
On this subject, Zarif in an interview on the sidelines of the Munich Security Conference, spoke about the regime's readiness to negotiate and discuss the security with Iran's neighbors, according to state media:
"Iran's Foreign Ministry emphasizes that Tehran is ready [to dialogue with all neighbors], including Saudi Arabia, saying that the Islamic Republic of Iran considers the security of its neighbors as its own security."
This political bankruptcy, especially after the elimination of Qassem Soleimani, the head of the Iran's IRGC Quds Force, has become more apparent, so that Zarif was resorted to lying about Saudi Arabia's willing to discuss, saying in the same interview that the other party had given a message for dialogue and Zarif created a lot of scandal for Khamenei's crippled government:
"After the death of Soleimani, we received a message from Saudi Arabia that they wanted to talk to Iran. [We responded positively to their message] and said we were ready for dialogue," he added.
He even said in part of his frustrating conversation, that we are even now ready to talk. It is clear that Zarif is in a hurry for dialogue and negotiations. But interestingly, the Saudi Foreign Minister has given a clear answer to Zarif about dialogue and negotiations, while this answer can be interpreted by any political observer as a humiliating response to the regime, and revealed the lies of this Khamenei's top diplomat:
"Saudi Arabia's foreign minister says no private message has been sent to Iran to ease tensions and no direct contact has been made."
The Saudi foreign minister has repeated his government's past stance and calls on the regime to stop its past behavior and change its behavior.
"… before any dialogue, Iran must change its behavior."
In order to get rid of the emerging crises, the regime needs to get out of isolation and political blockade, especially while Iraq is becoming one of the main crises of the regime which are deepening its isolation.
This is true because the Iraqi people sent the message to the Iranian regime that, we are not afraid of you and come and collect your mercenaries from our country and get out.
Now, this is the messy situation of Khamenei's regime, which has even accepted to become infamous among the public, including for its dishonesty, and tried everything to step out from the path of decline, but it's too late.
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CoSN today issued two member exclusive briefs, including a publicly available summary, on the fundamentals of privacy and online tracking for school technology leaders.
The first report details the use of online cookies and tracking technologies and explains the implications for school privacy. The second brief outlines Google Analytics – the widely used free service that measures and captures website and app activity.
"Online tracking and school privacy have become intertwined issues in school districts. There is an increasing range of tracking technologies used in a variety of ways, which has muddled the landscape for schools. The new briefs clarify these important matters and give school leaders helpful ways to handle both," said Keith Krueger, CEO of CoSN.
In addition to clearly articulating the world of tracking, the briefs deliver best practice guidance on how to effectively use trackers and Google Analytics. This includes performing a privacy inventory, creating an organizational policy for embedded content, clearly disclosing the presence of tracking in privacy policies, paying attention to Google Analytics settings, as well as other important good practices.
The briefs are published as part of CoSN's Protecting Privacy in Connected Learning initiative. The vendor neutral initiative is sponsored by FileWave, McGraw-Hill and Microsoft.
Learn more here or visit: cosn.org/privacy.