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Home Articles What Is Independent Study Abroad?
What Is Independent Study Abroad?
Independent study abroad takes advantage of affordable in-country language schools, foreign university programs for foreign and visiting students, and other program types abroad. The most convenient and cost-effective of these alternatives are immersion language programs at in-country language schools.
Independent study abroad, as we use the term, refers to international learning experiences that are generally (but not always) independent of US-university sponsored study abroad programs and other third-party study abroad companies or organizations that organize and/or sponsor study abroad programs for U.S. students.
Students that opt for independent study abroad enroll directly in classes at in-country language schools and the international programs offered by foreign universities. Independent study abroad increases choices and reduces costs.
What are the Benefits of Independent Study Abroad?
Substantial Cost Savings
Independent study abroad enables U.S. students to obtain the benefits of a study abroad experience at lesser cost (in some cases substantially less). The benefits of independent study abroad include language competency/fluency, cultural awareness, and the personal growth associated with international learning experience.
The cost savings for those who decide to study abroad independently can be significant. How much one saves via independent study abroad depends on a number of factors, such as the cost of tuition at the student's home university and the cost of tuition in the student's chosen destination.
Spain, France, Germany, and Italy, for example, offer affordably priced programs for international students that study abroad independently, while England and Ireland have tuition policies that make English and Irish university tuition more expensive for international students, thus reducing the potential financial benefits of independent study abroad.
Greater Flexibility
In addition to cost savings, independent study abroad enables U.S. students to take advantage of particular educational experiences abroad that are may offered by their home universities, such as a specific subject area of study or a particular destination abroad.
Greater Cultural Exposure and Cultural Awareness
Independent study abroad places students in a situation of greater independence and removes them from the American "bubble" in which many U.S. students abroad find themselves. Based on our experience and observations, this is particularly beneficial for U.S. students endeavoring to acquire foreign language skills and cultural awareness. The time spent by the U.S. student with and among natives of the host country is increased, as is time spent with other (non-U.S.) foreign students. This results in more frequent use of the host country language and greater exposure to it.
Independent Study Abroad – Direct Enrolment Abroad
Independent study abroad involves direct enrollment abroad into in-country language school immersion programs and into foreign university programs for international students. Direct enrollment into language schools and universities abroad is an extremely common practice among the world's foreign international students (such as Japanese students learning German in Germany, Korean and French students learning Spanish in Spain, or Dutch students studying business in Italy).
Independent Study Abroad at In-Country Language Schools
In-country language schools – language schools abroad that specialize in teaching the language of their country to foreigners — are one of the most attractive independent study abroad options. For languages such as Spanish, Italian, French, and German U.S. students can complete the equivalent of 2 year's (4 semesters) language study in only 4 – 6 months.
Immersion programs offered at language schools typically consist of 20 class-hours per week. A one-month course yields 80 hours of study. A 4-month language course yields an impressive 320 class-hours of study, and a six month course yields 480 class-hours of language study.
Keeping in mind that time outside of the classroom is time in a foreign culture hearing and speaking the host-country language, it is difficult not to appreciate how effective these programs are.
In fact, many in-country language schools serve as the host institution for US-university sponsored study abroad programs by providing both the facilities and the instruction for the program.
Independent Study Abroad at Foreign Universities
Many universities abroad have special programs for international students. U.S. students are eligible to enroll directly into these special programs alongside other international students. Special programs for international students into which U.S. students can enroll directly include:
Intensive Language Programs
The intensive language programs offered by foreign universities to international students are, with regard to language instruction and language learning, much the same as in-country language schools (see the description of in-country language schools above).
Some of the intensive language programs offered by foreign universities also allow international students to take regular classes at the university (at extra cost), provided that the international student already possesses the minimum required level of language competency (typically high-intermediate to advanced).
Visiting Student Programs
U.S. students who already have a high-intermediate to advanced knowledge of the language of instruction at a foreign university can enroll directly into visiting student programs, typically for 1 semester or for an academic year. Normally, visiting students are permitted to take courses for which they have already completed required prerequisites at home.
A visiting student to a foreign university must also normally be in the process of pursuing a degree in his/her home country.
Note that some foreign universities distinguish between their Visiting Students (students that enroll directly, independent of their home university) and Exchange Students, who attend classes at the foreign university as a participant of a study abroad program sponsored by their home university or a U.S. study abroad consortium or study abroad company.
Other Types of Independent Study Abroad
Independent study abroad is also possible via Volunteer Abroad Programs and internship programs abroad.
Benefits and Credits
Independent study abroad, as we have defined it, focuses on the learning outcomes / benefits of study abroad – it is the benefit of the study abroad experience that is most important. Independent study abroad saves money, offers additional choices, and makes longer, more beneficial stays abroad possible by making the costs for long-term study abroad manageable (or even very manageable) and in some cases makes study abroad actually possible.
It is, oftentimes, the de-coupling of the study abroad experience from the traditional U.S. version of study abroad that affords costs savings and flexibility (though there are affordable traditional study abroad progrms). Because independent study abroad falls outside the realm of traditional U.S. study abroad model), alternative means of obtaining credit are required.
Credits for independent study abroad can be obtained at your home university via placement exams, standardized tests, and independent learning contracts. It requires some research and some effort on the part of the student. Knowledge gained must be demonstrated and documentation may be required (for example, a course diploma and a syllabus for your courses, grades, etc.)
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Here you have a list of opinions about bronze age and you can also give us your opinion about it.
You will see other people's opinions about bronze age and you will find out what the others say about it.
In the image below, you can see a graph with the evolution of the times that people look for bronze age. And below it, you can see how many pieces of news have been created about bronze age in the last years.
Thanks to this graph, we can see the interest bronze age has and the evolution of its popularity.
What do you think of bronze age?
You can leave your opinion about bronze age here as well as read the comments and opinions from other people about the topic.


I am the shortest guy on the floor, usually labeled as the underdog. I always have to prove myself to get respect from the other team. It is a struggle for me to get shots off over big players so I am consistently having to be quick and make good plays to score from the point-guard position.
The character Dru Joyce II in your book, LeBron James: The Rising of a Star, is a duplicate of me. He is short and fast, and enjoys basketball. As he stepped on the court at 4' 11", his freshman year at the state championship game, people were already calling him the maskot or the ball boy before the game even started. This is what I feel and face everytime I step on the court. Then he came in at the start of he 4th quarter, and knocked down seven three-point shots in a row within about eight minutes. As I read these words on the page and put the image of the little 4'11" freshman from St. Vincent/ St. Mary High School shooting seven threes in row, I was cheering along with the crowd, but also mesmerized and almost mad at myself for how much I have been holding back. There has been many times where I didn't have the confidence to shoot and I gave the ball up to somebody else. I kept replaying that certain part of the book in my head to the point where I was furious while asking myself, why am I not doing that? Then I finally realized it. It just hit me out of nowhere like a linebacker hits the blindside of a quarterback.
I wasn't playing like I should because I was only worrying about the physical attributes of each player. I should have been focusing on the size of my heart and the mind set I have everytime I step inside those out of bounds lines. From then on I became a whole different person on the floor. I played with so much passion and aggression everytime I received the basketball. I had never played like that before. It surprised me how well I played. From your book, I learned that when obstacles come my way, I could either turn back and quit on myself and my team or dig deep inside to find the inner strength and drive to face the challenge head on. By following the example of Dru's lead along the way, I accomplished many goals with the help of my teammates and your book. I will remember this important teaching as I go through the hardships in life, and as I draw near to them, I will alway find success the best way I can. Thank you for your influence, and life lesson you gave to me.


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Home»Society»Business»10 Popular Business Quotes For Customers in Nigeria
10 Popular Business Quotes For Customers in Nigeria
By Amadin on May 17, 2021 Business
A single picture can mean a thousand words, but the right business quotes for the required context is highly likely to transform the perception of a customer steadily relying on imported products to survive.
Call it motivational, inspirational, or encouraging; in the business sector, these sets of words in the past and in recent times have entirely built multi-million naira businesses from scratch in Nigeria and transferred reliance on locally sourced goods and services.
Fortunately, there are several popular business quotes from reputable names around the country. Some of these quotes, in reality, have changed the viewpoints of Nigerian customers, especially in reducing dependency on imported products and creating more room for entrepreneurs to thrive.
Here's 10 Business Quotes For Customers in Nigeria
In a bid to reveal some of these inspiring business quotes, everyeveryng took out time to assemble the most relevant pieces it has deemed valuable to its subscribers.
First is the renowned Nigerian pharmacist Stella Okoli, whose quote directly speaks to this written piece. She stated that patronage of locally produced goods would make Nigeria's industries thrive, adding that Patriotism in any part of the world is the backbone of a flourishing industry.
Secondly, according to famous Nigerian Economist Tony Elumelu, one of his favourite quotes says that it takes "only entrepreneurs' effort to create opportunity where none seemingly exists."
Number three of our famous business quotes is from Nigeria's Business Magnate, Aliko Dangote, cited saying that to "Succeed in business, you must build a brand and never destroy it."
Fourth on the list is Nigeria's Top Yech Entrepreneur, Ayodele Agboola, who believes business owners should ensure being "the first to reach out to clients in cases where there's a delay, as clients return the good service with patronage, trust and confidence."
Next is Businessman Jim Ovia. In a brilliant quote he made, Ovia noted that "one's passions are always in sync with opportunities, adding that if one can naturally identify these traits, and res@ond in turn, just as it starts to materialize.
Odion Ejere, whose experience in Human Resource Management, once advised youths with Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, SMEs, always remember that "You can't have a business if products or customers."
On his part, Innocent Chukwuma, a car manufacturer and dealer, once hinted that "a good product will naturally sell itself," adding that when a product is good, it will virtually sell anywhere around the world.
According to Hakeem Belo-Osagie, a Nigerian Businessman, a significant quote from him pointed out that "one of the key factors for business success is you must have that material attitude to walk boldly through the fog of uncertainty."
Also, in Nigeria, Jason Njoku, a businessman, posited that the millions lost in investment would serve as a roadmap for future successes and references.
Last but not least, Ndidi Nwuneli was quoted saying, "build a support network with a few other trusted entrepreneurs to share war and success stories with; otherwise, it becomes a very lonely journey."
The inexhaustive lists of the famous business quotes above are put together to encourage entrepreneurs, customers and the likes to aspire to be like the successful business owners in Nigeria, promoting and encouraging patronage of locally manufactured goods and products nationwide.
Aliko Dangote business news entreprenuer Inspirational quotes
Amadin
A professional media practitioner, journalist with over seven years experience. An effective work enthusiast that have ventured into virtually all the major branches of journalism. An Alumni of the Prestigious University of Benin, with a Bachelors of Art, B.A Degree obtained in 2012. Proficient in news reporting, writing press releases, broadcast scripting, content writing, timely mobilisation of media team for event coverage, spearheading NGO sensitisation projects, among other prominent capabilities. Positions held in the different media organisations include Business Editor, Press Officer, Senior Correspondent and Reporter.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Google Pixel Slate is the latest entry into the hybrid category of Tablets and Laptops. With Chrome OS, a detachable keyboard, a stylus, and support for Android apps, it's trying to be a machine for all of your productivity and multimedia needs and also promising to offer what iPad Pro lacks.
Everybody needs a device that can replace both a laptop and a tablet. Microsoft's Surface Pro does it well. iPad Pro also promises but in some cases it fails. Again here comes the Google Pixel Pro, which promises to offer what iPad Pro lacks. The Pixel Slate is like the mirror universe iPad Pro, and at nearly the same price. It has what the other lacks and lacks what the other has.
Unlike Google's last Google Chromebook product, the laptop-like premium Pixelbook, the Pixel Slate turns into a convertible along the lines of the Microsoft Surface Pro, with a version of ChromeOS that leans more towards the feel of a Google Pixel phone. It sounds like a great idea on paper, but the idea is sometimes better than the execution.
The Pixel Slate comes in five configurations, varying in RAM, storage, which Intel chip is used. It is powered by 8th Generation Intel Core m3 or i5 or i7 or Celeron Processor. With 4GB/8GB/16GB RAM options, it has 32GB/64GB/128GB/256GB storage capacity. Chromebooks, even more premium options like the Pixel Slate, are not meant for heavy lifting. Yet the Core i5 version of the Pixel Slate handles the tasks it was made for quite well. Web browsing with fifteen or twenty Chrome tabs is no problem, even while streaming music or video simultaneously.
The 'Midnight Blue' matte aluminum finish wraps this 7mm-thin (0.27 inches) tablet like a glove and shines under direct light. It also feels cool to the touch. Around the front of the tablet is the beautiful display that's wrapped in Corning Gorilla Glass 5 that curves around the edges of the device. The Pixel Slate's high-resolution, 12.3-inch, 3,000×2,000-pixel "Molecular Display" is very good, but not always great. Colors and text sometimes seemed washed out at off angles, compared to the most recent iPad Pro display.
To get benefit from the most features of Google Pixel Stale you need to buy its keyboard. The Pixel Slate Keyboard is not cheap but it's a very well thought out piece of hardware that serves as more than just a detachable keyboard. The Pixel Slate Keyboard is also a protective case for carrying your Pixel Slate around.
One of the more unique features of this keyboard is the shape of the keys. Instead of traditional square keys, the Pixel Slate Keyboard uses circular keys. You might feel awkward at first but getting acclimated it takes virtually no time to get acclimated to them.
The Google Pixel Slate is equipped with 8 Megapixel Cameras both to front and back end. You can not expect a lot from an 8 MP camera, but it will not disappoint you while using video calling facility or SnapChat. Google uses the same machine learning algorithms as the Pixel 3 phones for portrait mode photos.
The Pixel Slate is powered by Chrome OS and has access to every Android app available on Google Play. Google has smartly optimized the OS for the Pixel Slate to work better as a tablet and desktop interface. The most powerful feature of this OS is that, if you own a Pixel phone you can connect it to the Pixel Slate to send and receive text messages on either device. You can also continue browsing web pages open on your Pixel phone on your Pixel Slate.
From the value for money point of view, Google Pixel Slate is a bit expensive. For professional use you should rather prefer a Laptop or MacBook. The Google Pixel Slate is just a competitor of iPad Pro and at nearly the same price. It has what the other lacks and lacks what the other has. Fusion of both products is much preferable.


It's the hustle and bustle time of year, when families gather together to celebrate Thanksgiving. This year, I thought it would be a great time to reflect on what I am thankful for.
I am thankful, first and foremost, for my good health, something I have learned not to take lightly. Cancer does not believe in discrimination and therefore doesn't care about your fitness level, your salary, your family, or where you live, work, or go to school. So, considering there is no rhyme or reason to who gets cancer and who doesn't, I am most thankful I have good health.
I am thankful for my family, who like so many, makes sacrifices so I can pursue my passions. I can't imagine being able to do what I do without them.
I am thankful for my friends who are like family to me and have instilled in me the confidence to continue chasing my dreams.
I am thankful for staff and board members who listen to my crazy ideas and try to incorporate the ones that make the most sense into this organization.
I am thankful for our volunteers who spend countless hours peeling potatoes, kneading bread and driving around 4 counties making sure our recipients get their home cooked meals.
I am thankful for this community and the way you embrace Sparrow's Nest without hesitation and make us feel at home.
I am thankful for our donors, runners, event and corporate sponsors who give so selflessly so we can continue helping others.
I am thankful for our recipients, who show me every day what my true priorities should be.
I hope you have an amazing Thanksgiving with family and friends surrounding you, and I hope you find it in your heart to continue giving of yourselves to help those who are less fortunate. One day, I hope to write how thankful I am for a cure for cancer. Until then, Sparrow's Nest will continue helping our neighbors navigate through unchartered territory, one meal at a time.
Over 130 amazing Sparrow's Nest Runners took part in the Disney Wine & Dine and Las Vegas Rock 'n' Roll Marathons and raised $250,000! Interested in join our "Sea of Green" in 2018? Contact us today!
Through a connection we have at the North Pole (an old elf friend of ours), we were able to book jolly ol' Saint Nicholas himself for a rather unique experience for you and your family! Learn more.


This is a little late for this year, but a member of my church family shared this Lenten reflection with me last week and I thought it was worth passing along.
Give up giving up – Hang in there!
Next Post Could the world be about to turn?


JAKARTA, GRES.NEWS – The House of Representatives threaten to freeze the government's budget for the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and the National Police for refusing to bring Miryam S Haryani to the House.
The idea was brought up by Muhammad Misbakhun (Golkar Party faction), who is a member of the Special Committee on Rights-of-Inquiry against KPK.
"We are considering executing our budgetary rights at the House of Representatives. We are currently discussing the Draft State Budget 2018," said Misbakhun, at the House of Representatives headquarter in Jakarta, Tuesday (20/6).
The idea, Misbakhun claims, is under discussio and all members of the special committee 'are on the same tone'.
"We will not cut their budget. The government will still disburse fund for the institutions, but they will not be included [in the 2018 State Budget]," he said.
However, in contrast to Misbakhun's statement, Arsul Sani from the United Development Party (PPP) said the special committee has not discussed the idea. The Commission III that oversees the State Budget has not discussed the possibility either.
"There has been no official meeting on the idea, both at the special committee and the Commission III," he said to reporters, Wednesday (21/6).
Asrul did not state his support nor rejection on the idea. "PPP still needs to study the idea," Arsul said.
Teuku Taufiqulhadi from the National Democrat (NasDem) party is in agreement with Arsul, saing that the idea may not materialize. "We still have confidence that the National Police will comply with the law (to bring Miryam to the House), " Taufiq said, Wednesday (21/6).
Meanwhile, the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) is against Misbakhun's idea. "Let's not threat each other. We are all part of the Republic of Indonesia. All institutions must respect each other," said Jazuli Juwaini, chairman of the PKS faction, Wednesday (21/6).
The Indonesia Corruption Watch (ICW) describes the threat as abuse of power. "The threat is a great misuse of power. It came from people who are panicking over the e-KTP investigation," said Donald Fariz, a researcher at the Indonesia Corruption Watch Donald Fariz, Wednesday (21/6).
National Police Chief, Tito Karnavian, said the move will affect public security.
"I am not speaking for myself. I am speaking for personnel securing the public," Tito said, Jakarta, Tuesday (20/6).


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Document Date 7 November 1944
Themes Military Intelligence and Operations, Weapons Technology and Nuclear Warfare
Regions Europe, Mediterranean, North America
Countries Albania, Bulgaria, Crete, England, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Soviet Union, United States of America, Yugoslavia
Organisations Foreign Office, Security Service, Government Code and Cypher School
People Josef Stalin
A file of signals intelligence reports, messages, and correspondence issued by the Government Code and Cypher School and sent by the head ('C') of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) to the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill. This file includes the following reports on Western Europe: that the 1st Army is expecting an Allied attack north of Thionville; the 13th SS Corps reports on Allied artillery in preparation for an attack opposite the 17th SS Panzer Division and the 48th Infantry Division; that the 361st and 553rd Volks Grenadier Divisions are under fire in the 89th Corps' sector; of an order from von Runstedt forbidding negotiations with the Allies, with the troops to be informed that the relations of deserters are to bear responsibility; and of a query regarding the suitability of airfields at Twente and Deelen for the operation of Me 163 aircraft; on Germany: of air raids on Dusseldorf, Solingen and Saarguemines; on South and South-east Europe: of the main defence line in Italy being taken back to a prepared winter position from Breil-Ventimiglia; of the result of an anti-guerrilla week from October 8-19; of the Greek island of Piskopi being cleared of Greek troops; of fighting continuing on Milos; that following the evacuation of Salonika the bulk of the German troops are crossing the Greek-Macedonian border to the north; of intended withdrawal routes for Army Group E being opened up in northern Montenegro; of Bulgar attacks aimed at blocking the road and rail routes between Skoplje and Mitrovica, being repulsed; of Soviet attacks in the Kraljevo-Cacak area to close the German withdrawal route, on November 6; a German naval report of the men, weapons and vehicles evacuated from the Aegean islands between August 23 and October 27; from the Chinese chargé in Berne, describing U.K.-Soviet plans for post-war Europe, on November 3; from the Apostolic Delegate in London, on the Polish frontiers and the incorporation of the Baltic States into the Soviet Union, on November 2; and from the Japanese ambassador in Berlin, forwarding German views on the Moscow talks and the Pan-Arab Conference, on November 2.
Western Front, predicting enemy intentions, Allied strategy, German army, military discipline, armistice, deserters, German air force, aircraft, rockets, airfields, occupied Netherlands, military dispositions, effects of bombing, air raids, Home Front, Italian Campaign, German withdrawal, defence, guerrilla warfare, anti-Nazi resistance, occupied Italy, occupied Greece, Eastern Front, military operations, Red Army, German propaganda, evacuation, casualties, shipping losses, equipment, diplomatic intelligence, Allied powers, post-war planning, territorial concessions, Polish government
Indications of a German Collapse. Report by J.I.C.
Estimate of the Enemy Situation - Europe Note by Secretary (C.I.C. Report)
German Will & Capacity to Resist as at Mid-April & Mid-August 1945 Draft Report by the J.I.C.


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Some Dallas Dogs On 'Dangerous List' After Neighbor Disputes; Attorney Claims 'The Dog Is The Victim'
Filed Under:Dallas, Dallas Animal Services, Dangerous Dogs, DFW News, Dog attacks, dogs, pet owners, Pets, pit bull, Public safety, The Ones For Justice
Locations Of Dangerous Dogs Kept Secret In Most North Texas Cities
DALLAS (CBSDFW.COM) – Some dog owners in Dallas claim Dallas Animal Services is wading into disputes among neighbors, with pets turning into pawns.
The city of Dallas posts a list of dogs online it deems dangerous to the public, better known as the Dangerous Dog Registry.
But several of the animals that appear on the registry never hurt anyone, according to their owners, who claim their cases boiled down to "he said, she said" arguments.
To Nyesha Anglin, Chloe was a faithful companion.
Chloe (courtesy: Nyesha Anglin)
But Anglin said her pet unexpectedly found herself in the midst of a tiff with a neighbor.
"It's unfair," Anglin said. "She was a loving dog. She never bit anyone."
Anglin claimed she and her neighbor were involved in a personal dispute, which led the neighbor to report Chloe to Dallas Animal Services.
The agency outlines the allegations in a letter it sent to Anglin earlier this year.
Chloe ran up to the neighbor and her mother, barking and off the leash, according to the document. The letter went on to describe how the woman needed to use a suitcase to protect herself from the dog. No dog bite was reported.
Even though the incident occurred in August, the neighbor waited six months to report the complaint to DAS.
But in March, DAS sided with the neighbor by deeming Chloe dangerous.
"There is a homeowners' neighbors' war going on over there, and the dog is the victim," said Don Feare, Anglin's attorney.
"I almost feel like there's nothing you can do," Anglin said.
Under state law, a "dangerous" dog falls under two definitions:
(A) makes an unprovoked attack on a person that causes bodily injury and occurs in a place other than an enclosure in which the dog was being kept and that was reasonably certain to prevent the dog from leaving the enclosure on its own; or
(B) commits unprovoked acts in a place other than an enclosure in which the dog was being kept and that was reasonably certain to prevent the dog from leaving the enclosure on its own and those acts cause a person to reasonably believe that the dog will attack and cause bodily injury to that person.
That means even if a dog never bites or touches a human, the belief of fear alone can prompt DAC to open an investigation.
Ann Barnes said as part of an investigation, DAS reviews a dog's history and interviews witnesses, including the victim and dog owner.
But technically, DAS never needs to meet the dog before issuing a designation.
Legally, all that's needed to make a determination is a complaint consistent with the state law: a dog that causes injury to a human or makes a human believe they will get injured.
Ann Barnes, a field manager with DAS, said the law also allows designations to be based on one witness account.
Autler: "Do you see how someone could think these stem from neighborly disputes?"
Barnes: "A lot of things can stem from neighborly disputes. That's when a judge can step in."
In Dallas, owners can appeal a ruling within 15 days, which is half the time allotted under state law.
"We found that if somebody was going to comply with the dangerous dog requirements, they did it within 15 days," Barnes said. "After the 15 to 30-day window, they didn't comply and they never came and picked up their dog. We were holding these dogs for no reason, we were using cage space other dogs could be using and there was no outcome for these dogs between day 15 and 30."
If owners do not appeal the designation, strict rules are enforced.
Once dogs land on the registry, it's almost impossible to get off of it.
If a dog is deemed dangerous, a pet owner must comply with the requirements unless the animal moves out of DAS jurisdiction.
Owners tell The Ones For Justice it can be costly to stay in compliance.
Owners must pay an annual registration fee of $250.
If DAS seizes your dog, owners must pay an impound fee, and a boarding fee for every day your dog is held at the shelter.
The designation requires animals to be microchipped, vaccinated and spayed/neutered.
Then, owners must carry $100,000 worth of liability insurance.
Finally, they must buy specific warning signs from DAS to post at every entry point on their property.
Costs could also include any upgrades or repairs to keep fences in compliance. Dangerous dogs are not allowed to leave an enclosure without a leash or muzzle.
"I had to get these heavy duty locks and chains," said Tyrone Acy.
DAS deemed Acy's dog dangerous after a neighbor filed an affidavit last winter.
That neighbor said the dog ran up to her but did not bite.
"The system is designed to make money off of you," Acy said.
It's a fight Acy said he can no longer afford. DAS seized Diamond in October after Acy fell out of compliance.
Several weeks later, Diamond is still at the shelter.
Diamond (courtesy: Tyrone Acy)
"I've been trying to stay in compliance, but I done ran out of money now," Acy said.
Autler: "What do you tell people who just can't afford the fees associated with this designation?"
Barnes: "There's many services in Dallas that are free,"
In 2019, more dogs are currently on the registry than in 2015, 2016 and 2017, combined.
Before 2017, dangerous dog cases were handled by Dallas Code Compliance. Barnes said there are more designations these days because DAS is simply better at the job.
"Owned dog bites have decreased over the last three years," Barnes said. "People should be able to enjoy themselves and feel safe walking in the neighborhood."
Barnes credits the registry for warning citizens about dangerous dogs.
But Anglin argues her dog should have never landed on the list in the first place.
Over the summer, Anglin struggled to keep Chloe in compliance.
DAS seized Chloe after Anglin's fourth violation. Chloe was euthanized before Anglin ever got to appeal.
"We never got that chance because 43 minutes after they walked out of the courtroom, the city of Dallas killed her dog," Feare said.
Anglin said she questions any system that's based on one accusation.
"It went from a neighborly dispute to it cost me my dog's life," Anglin said.
The neighbor who filed an original complaint declined to comment but she told the city her mother felt afraid of dogs whenever she visited, according to DAS documents.
Anglin maintains she was entitled to an appeal.
But in an interview, Barnes said Anglin did not indicate she wanted an appeal. Anglin and her attorney vehemently refute this claim.
Anglin filed a lawsuit against the director of Dallas Animal Services this week.
DAS said the agency does not profit off the fees it collects because the expenses cover the cost of services.


Would you like your life to matter for eternity? I have written before about the sacred vs. secular divide. God never intended for any of us to live apart from him. He created us and he would like us to spend our days, all of them before and after we pass away, with him. He has work for us to do (Ephesians 2:10).
But many of us get side tracked.
The word "secular" means "of or relating to the worldly or temporal" according to Webster. When I decided to follow Jesus, I didn't want to live two lives; at least not when I was sane. I wanted my life to matter for eternity. There were some habits that were harder to quit than others. Sometimes I simply chose to do things that God would not want. Unfortunately, I still choose to ignore promptings from God or I choose to do things he would prefer I didn't. You've probably never chosen an action contrary to God's will for you. But I had trouble. It only takes some sweets to remind me how quickly I can choose a path without God.
But at work I experienced another challenge. I could get involved at work and not think about God for hours – sometimes days. I became a practical atheist. I lived like God didn't exist but without actively choosing to disobey, or ignore him. Even today, after 30 years following Jesus, aware of my own weaknesses, I can still venture off into my own world without keeping God present.
Living apart from God was never part of His plan. Adam and Eve initiated that state, but we each would have done the same thing. Jesus came and suffered and died so we could live and walk with him again. When we decide to follow Jesus, we begin to train ourselves, more accurately let God train us, to live our life with him.
We need a plan. We need to take action to begin to train ourselves daily. Our natural state is deterioration, decay. Moth and rust destroy. Every default is atrophy. How can we put ourselves in a position to grow? How can we resist the temptation to live as a practical atheist?
I'm asking. In the coming days, I'll share more thoughts. But what would you say? Go ahead and comment below with any suggestions you would have that we can include.


Employees from the Toronto office had the unique experience of sharing their workday with their children as part of the 'Take Our Kids to Work' initiative – an annual career exploration day for grade nine students to experience a day in the life of a working professional!
Students spent the first half of the day learning about the mining industry and various departments within the Company. The second half of their day was spent job shadowing their parent or relative in their day-to-day tasks.
Captured above, students, their parents and members of our Human Resource team at the start of the day.


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As you read this and the coming installments, please keep in mind these were written when Amazon, Facebook, Google, Tesla, Twitter, and Yahoo! did not yet exist.
"Get Connected" – Critical Success Factors
Written: November 1993
The following four factors will help ensure the successful implementation of the "Get Connected" program in your organization:
Grassroots support. Many kinds of skills are necessary to implement the concepts of "Get Connected". Some are technical, some are communications oriented, and some are marketing oriented. The program most likely cannot be implemented with only a top-down approach. Grassroots teamwork must be encouraged, nurtured, and supported.
Executive commitment is critical to break through the barriers which may occur. By definition, electronic communications have the effect of flattening the organizational structure, thereby threatening entrenched middle management groups. The commitment from the top is critical to keep the grassroots teams energized and avoid bureaucratic resistance to the implementation of these ideas.
A strong technical infrastructure. Once you have established a presence on the World Wide Web, it is critical it be available consistently around the clock, the World Wide Web is global. You may be surprised to find you begin to generate as many inquiries from other parts of the world as you do from your own region.
Erratic availability will cause people to lose interest in your home page, and with so many interesting sites on the World Wide Web, there is no guarantee someone will come back to your site if information was unavailable the first time.
Listening to your constituents. Electronic communication makes it easy for constituents to give you feedback. A commitment must be made to listen to the feedback you receive from your constituents, and promptly and thoughtfully respond to it. Remember, feedback is critical in nature and is usually insightful. Listening to leading-edge users will save you time, and money, in the long run.
"Get Connected" can energize your organization and allow you to transform it to meet your vision for doing business into the next century. The obstacles are real, the benefits are spectacular. Get Connected!
John R. Patrick is the IBM Vice President of Internet Technology at IBM Corporation. John is spearheading IBM's efforts to introduce a broad range of Internet servers, services, and solutions to empower customers with the vast capabilities of Internet connectivity. John has been with IBM for 30 years. He was a founder of the IBM Credit Corporation, today the largest computer leasing company in the world. In 1992 he became Vice President of Marketing for personal systems and was part of the team responsible for creating the ThinkPad brand.
© 1993 John R. Patrick
My reflections – 2022
In reflecting on "Get Connected", I would not change any of the principles advocated. Some of the technology was superseded. Many new technologies were developed. While there are issues and improvements needed in several areas, the positive impact of the Internet has exceeded anyone's forecast. A new study commissioned by the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) and led by a researcher from Harvard Business School, found the Internet economy grew seven times faster than the total U.S. economy during the past four years, and now accounts for 12 percent of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP).[i]
The Internet economy's contribution to the U.S. GDP grew 22 percent per year since 2016, in a national economy that grows between two to three percent per year. In 2020 alone, it contributed $2.45 trillion to the United States' $21.18 trillion GDP. More than 17 million jobs in the U.S. were generated by the Internet, 7 million more than four years ago.[ii]
I continue to be inspired by the potential of the Internet. These are very exciting times to live in as the Net evolves to support cryptocurrencies, new business models, AI, and the metaverse.
[i] "Study Finds Internet Economy Grew Seven Times Faster Than Total U.S. Economy, Created over 7 Million Jobs in the Last Four Years," Interactive Advertising Bureau (2021), https://www.iab.com/news/study-finds-internet-economy-grew-seven-times-faster/#:~:text=More%20than%2017%20million%20jobs,companies%2C%20which%20generated%2034%20percent.
Index to the "Get Connected" Articles
Get Connected – Introduction
Get Connected – Part 1


We disembarked from the cruise ship the day after we arrived in Bordeaux on our recent trip to Europe. We arrived at our hotel around 4 pm feeling exited for the second part of our two-week trip in Europe. We planned on staying in the Bordeaux area for five days then spending a couple of nights in Paris before heading home.
We were greeted by a very friendly young lady at the Le Maison Bordeaux hotel. After we entered our room and unpacked, it was time to chill out and have a glass of wine. The hotel offered many wines and spirits so I wandered down to see what we may enjoy. Since we were in France I wanted a french wine. After browsing a bit, I decided to pick a good vintage year from the Margaux AOC.
Back in the room I grabbed my cork screw that I had brought along and peeled back the foil. I started inserting the cork screw into the cork and knew almost immediately that there was a problem with the cork. It was very soft and crumbled and I really wished I had my Ah-So along! Half way through I decided to go back to the receptionist desk do see if they happened to have one and when I asked the gal if she had an Ah-So, I received a strange look. It was apparent she had no clue what I was asking her but we agreed the cork would crumble and with no filter we decided to try another bottle. Unfortunately, we had the same issue but luck was on my side and I was able to remove the cork without leaving any broken pieces in the bottle.
The red wine was very aromatic with middle age development. I smelled dark fruit and earthy notes.
This wine was dry, full-bodied with lively acidity. The tannins were medium and soft and the Le Relais du Durfort-Vivens was very flavorful. Tasting, I noted deep dry mid-palate flavors with a medium in length finish.
How much: $26 EU ($39 US).
Region/Appellation: Bordeaux Margaux (northern part of Bordeaux).
I rated the 2005 Chateau Durfort-Vivens Le Relais du Durfort-Vivens four glasses. The 2005 vintage in Bordeuax was considered an excellent year. If you find Bordeaux wines around $30 or more from 2005 if should be pretty good. I wish I could find more!


What's the scariest, hugest storm you've ever been in?
What was it like for you? Was it exciting? Terrifying?
How small did you feel, looking at the huge waves or clouds?
Think about the disciples. Why are they scared? They're fishermen. Don't you think they've seen their share of huge storms?
Where is Jesus, and what is going through the disciples' minds?
How does Jesus respond? What does he accuse them of lacking?
After seeing Jesus do so much, why do you think the disciples are afraid of a storm when Jesus is with them?
Who really knows who Jesus is?
What question do the disciples as each other in 4:41?
Now look through 5:1-13. What is the next thing a person says in the story? Who speaks next and what does he say?
What's going on here? How does this random guy in the wilderness know who Jesus is?
Mark wants us to notice something here: In 4:41, when Jesus stops the storm, the disciples ask, "Who is this…?" In the next passage, the very next person who speaks actually answers the disciples' question. Mark is using the characters in the story to teach us who Jesus really is. The humans in the story don't actually know -- but the demons do!
What does Jesus do when he sees that the man is being controlled by demons?
Look at verse 14. What do the pig-keepers do when Jesus tells the demons to get out of the man?
What do the people in that countryside think of Jesus?
They don't understand Jesus. His power scares them. But the man he healed understands him.
Think about Ian's story that you heard tonight. Do you see any similarities? What about your leaders' stories?
Who do you know Jesus to be in your life? What kind of Lord has he been for you?
Has Jesus saved you from something?
Has he helped you to understand something?
Has he given you strength when you needed it?
Was he there for you when you thought you were alone?
How has Jesus shown up in your life?


Its 4:53am. I am awake and my mind is thinking back to my childhood My mother would treat all our minor illnesses with different 'natural' products. My hay fever was 'cured' with a polypharmacy over the counter homoeopathic product. I grew up having a great respect for non mainstream medicines, but conversely would use the doctor when something non resolvable occurred. It was at this point in my late teens that I observed a difference in 'alternative medicine' ie herbal, and a medical treatment following a defined curative path, like acupuncture and homoeopathy.
Therein lies the dichotomy and the answer to mankinds choice. Modern medicine has decreed that it is the ONLY solution to all disease and is squeezing out everything that does not follow the allopathic mode. They point to 'lifesaving' medicines and treatments, ignoring the fact that the patient might be on a suppressive regime of medicines to quell the symptoms of whatever ails the patient for the remainder of their shortened life, only to succumb to an iatrogenic ending.
The strange thing is that medicine per se comes down to, not as one would expect, medicines, but to a choice of protocols. One involves a natural law and the other does not.
Hahnemann, in his monumental works, The Organon of Medicine, and the Chronic Diseases, gives a completely researched and science based observation of how living Organisms function in health and disease. I find it sad that this work which actually outlines the theory of modern disease processes is the most attacked medical practice today. Maybe its accuracy yet individualised treatment of a person is the root of the discontent felt by medical professionals. These professionals who believe that a blanket approach to drug therapy for the disease in question is the required response. It is a an easy solution. To treat a named disease instead of the individualised reaction to a named disease.
With the passing of years and growth in experience Hahnemann came upon to regard man more as an organism than as a machine. A machine is composed of many parts, originally separate. Once these parts are put together, its manifoldncss becomes unity. Like the human individual, it is assembled for a specific purpose.
It is both simple and complex. A machine is primarily complex and secondarily simple. However to the contrary, man is primarily simple and secondarily complex. He originates from a single cell. His growth means multiplication and self-differentiation of the primitive cell to form diverse tissues and organs. Thus an organism is not artificially made, but grows, not put together by the force from the outside, but develops from the centre to the periphery or from the whole to the parts.
In disease, we find the disturbance located in the 'central like mechanism' which is manifested through perceptible sensory and functional changes of the body as a whole; here nosology fails to be applied as the symptoms do not refer to any particular organ or tissue; and the man, though showing deviations from the perfectly healthy state, is not termed as specifically diseased.
This is the stage of Latent Psora. (INFECTION) In course of time the disharmony of the whole or central life is reflected on to the disharmony of life in the tissues or organs; and the disorder is manifested more on the functional plane related to tissues or organs. This is the stage of secondary psora (INFECTION DEVELOPMENT) when the disease is predominantly functional in nature without proportionate structural changes in the tissues and organs. This is followed by the tertiary stage of psora (DISEASE MANIFESTATION) where the gross structural changes in the tissues or organs appear—the domain of pathology proper and nosology. Central functional changes.
functional changes of individual tissues or organs.
gross anatomical/pathological changes of individual tissues or organs.
this seems to be the order of progression in chronic diseases. Here the disease process starts in a simple way and ultimately develops into multilateral directions accordingly as different tissues or organs (though originating from a primordial cell) are affected simultaneously or successively in course of time.
Hahnemann contends that the miasms (INFECTIONS) responsible for psora, syphilis and sycosis are of such a nature as they attack the central life-force at the outset and the primary derangement of the central life-force thus produced, makes the organism susceptible to many other agents to develop functional and structural changes in individual tissues or organs, thus providing occasions for diverse naming or labeling of diseased conditions corresponding to diverse tissues or organs damaged. So in Chronic. cases the central life-force is primarily disturbed.
As there is a central life mechanism corresponding to the whole, there is life in the parts, tissues or organs and there is life in every cell. Life is a scale of energy forming a sort of hierarchy from cell-life to collective or central life. Disease is disorder in any plane—material, vital or mental—as a whole or as a part constituting or conforming to the whole. In acute diseases, the disorder starts from lower scale of life in the tissues or organs and this disorder acts on the whole or central life, here the disease process is the resultant of the action of the part and the reaction of the whole to it. Here the disease process seems to start from outside to within or in the ascending order in the hierarchy of life. The central life mechanism is disturbed eventually but the change is of more a superficial nature analogous somewhat to the condition of "induced magnetism".
In chronic cases, the whole or central life is attacked and disturbed first by some morbific agent of a miasmatic (INFECTIOUS) nature; this central disturbance leads to disturbance in the life of tissues, organs or cells.
Here the disease process seems to start from within outwards or in the descending hierarchy of life. That is why, in chronic diseases, constitutional symptoms (i.e., symptoms indicative of the disturbance of the central life mechanism) are more marked; whereas in acute cases, structural and functional changes of the tissues and organism overshadow the constitutional symptoms. Herein we get clues for evaluation of symptoms in case-taking to treat patients homoeopathically.
As is patently obvious, a person does not have to accept any of the above. Modern medicine accepts its own version and perception and stays within the bounds of its own concepts.
One thing I am sure of, the terminology gives it away. A 'curative response' comes from the organism and not from a medicine. Ergo a medicine CANNOT cure, it can only stimulate an organism to cure itself. If it does not follow this protocol, it is suppression.
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What difference could your talent make for Afghanistan's future?
Helping future of Afghanistan
Next year is a crucial year for the future of Afghanistan. British troops will withdraw and a new president will be elected. None of the positive outcomes that are hoped for are certain, whilst the country's hard-fought progress in human rights is fragile. But what's interesting in our increasingly interconnected world is that much of its success may depend upon factors that can be influenced by marketing.
This month we are highlighting the work of the British & Irish Agencies Afghanistan Group (BAAG) and their campaign to make the voices of the most vulnerable in Afghanistan heard internationally and to promote the protection of their rights and opportunities. And we are asking what role you as a Marketing Society member can play in supporting positive outcomes.
BAAG is a network of 30 British and Irish agencies operating in Afghanistan (such as Oxfam, Save the Children, Action Aid, and many more). Over the last 26 years they have provided a collective voice on key advocacy and policy matters - such as women's rights and the important role of civil society. For example, they work to bring to light the important and dangerous work of female leaders who are creating women's shelters in Afghanistan to make sure it is recognized and supported.
BAAG aims to launch a year-long campaign of public events and activities which highlight the importance of continuing international aid and support to Afghanistan, and the difference it is making in areas such as education for girls. As Jenny Humphreys, Programme and Communications Coordinator at BAAG, explains: "We're really excited about the 2014 campaign, and have some ambitious ideas about innovative, fun and far-reaching events to engage the general public. We're considering a film festival, sporting events, supporting Afghan children in creating revealing and inspiring videos of day-to-day life to engage through social media with an international audience that still has a crucial role to play in contributing to their education. But we need help in branding and managing this campaign. We usually work with NGOs, academics and donors - we're not experienced in reaching out to the general public."
In order to maximise the potential of its campaign for 2014, BAAG would love to have support in three areas of marketing:
Branding expertise to create the overarching campaign identity (including the slogan and logo) which will unite their many activities.
Support in developing their social media strategy to drive participation in the campaign.
Review of the campaign's activities and events line-up and overall marketing strategy.
As Jenny adds, "Great progress has been made on the ground in Afghanistan since 2001 - but very little of this is communicated to the British public or to key decision makers. BAAG aims to provide a more balanced and accurate picture of Afghanistan, to demonstrate that aid has already improved the lives of Afghans and that with ongoing support this resilient and capable nation could be self-sufficient again. That the progress made should be protected and nurtured."
Indeed, much of the progress that has been seen in Afghanistan in the last few years has been supported by the valuable work of BAAG's member agencies. Around 5.7 million children now attend school regularly, including 2.7 million girls. Around 4,500 schools have been reconstructed or built and the number of teachers has gone up sevenfold since 2002 to 170,000, including 50,000 female teachers.
But there are many difficulties still to overcome. These include security threats to teachers in the remote areas they are needed most, and under-age marriage of girls forcing their withdrawal from school. BAAG's mission is to work together with member agencies and others to ensure needs and aspirations of Afghans, particularly the poorest and most vulnerable, are heard at the international level.
2014 will be a critical year for Afghanistan, with the scheduled security and political transitions. A lot of uncertainty remains regarding the future of Afghanistan's stability and development, so your help in supporting BAAG's efforts to create a positive future for and with the people of Afghanistan is particularly vital.
Read more about The Marketing Society's Marketing for Good initiative and more from Pimp My Cause in our Clubhouse.


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Leadership & Organisations/
Working From Home: The End of an Era?
Alvin Lee, Web Editor | April 8, 2013
Marissa Mayer's controversial decision to bring Yahoo! employees back to the office could yet prove to be the right one.
Over a million more Americans worked from home in 2010 than in 2005, according to the U.S. Census Bureau: 5.82 million versus 4.79 million, or 4.3 percent of the total workforce, compared to 3.6 percent in 2005. In Boulder, Colorado, the city with the highest percentage of people working from home, more than one in ten (11.3 percent) work remotely.
In Sunnyvale, California, the 2010 figures are 5.1 percent, up from 4 percent back in 2005. Why is Sunnyvale important? Because this is where Yahoo! has its headquarters, and it was a change in policy by the new CEO, Marissa Mayer, that has put the work-at-home issue front and centre for many companies. Simply put, Ms Mayer – who herself became a mother for the first time earlier this year, and may have been thought to favour work-at-home-policies - quashed the option altogether. There had been reported allegations that Yahoo! employees abused the system; media coverage portrayed the move as a step backwards. INSEAD Affiliate Professor of Organisational Behaviour, Erin Meyer, disagrees.
"I believe the move by Marissa Mayer was a smart one," says Meyer. "She saw that productivity per individual at Google was higher than productivity per individual at Yahoo!. Google generates US$931,657 in revenue per employee, 170 percent higher than Yahoo's US$344,758 per employee. If Mayer's goal is to increase that productivity level, bringing people into the same office space is one quick and inexpensive way to accomplish that goal."
The human touch
Amidst all the brouhaha about Yahoo!'s new policy, it would be appropriate to re-examine the leaked memo that not only sparked off the big debate but also its purported objectives.
"To become the absolute best place to work, communication and collaboration will be important, so we need to be working side-by-side. That is why it is critical that we are all present in our offices. Some of the best decisions and insights come from hallway and cafeteria discussions, meeting new people, and impromptu team meetings. Speed and quality are often sacrificed when we work from home. We need to be one Yahoo!, and that starts with physically being together." - Jackie Reses, Yahoo head of HR.
Meyer, who directs the Managing Global Virtual Teams programme at INSEAD, explains that these objectives are more easily met with face-to-face communication.
"Because we are human beings, when we collaborate, we rely heavily on what I call mutual adjustment. Mutual adjustment means that you notice how others are working around you, they notice how you are working, and through hundreds of subtle cues you adjust to one another, and the collaboration happens. When people are geographically dispersed, they don't have the same high level of cues in order to mutually adjust which makes collaboration more difficult."
Meyer adds, "It's a myth that virtual teamwork costs less than face-to-face collaboration. There is this idea that because it requires less electricity, less desk space, and less rent to collaborate virtually, it's therefore less expensive. But it takes a lot more time to organise and monitor effective virtual teamwork. When we are working together but working apart it requires a much greater effort to assure the communication has passed as expected. Misunderstandings are more likely and that leads to higher costs.
Teamwork is not just about communication it is also about cooperation. Cooperation requires trust between team members. Meyer elaborates, "It is difficult for humans to trust people that they don't frequently see face to face. If I can't look in your eyes and see your facial expressions or get to know you beyond your voice on the phone it is harder for me to judge if you are trustworthy. A high level of trust between team members is one of the most important factors to efficient collaboration. If the team leader does not invest significant time and energy in finding ways to build trust amongst team members who rarely see one another, trust is likely to remain low. Therefore managing geographically dispersed teams effectively is significantly more expensive than managing collocated teams. I imagine that Mayer understood this when making the decision to bring her employees back to the same office space."
Is there a need to work remotely?
Nancy Wee is a mother of two, and a part-time graphics designer who works from home. "I sometimes prefer to be in the office if the project is complicated and requires more input from the client. But [when I work from home], I can quickly finish the tasks and then I can do other things. If I am stuck in the office, I cannot do my own thing even if I am done with the work. I have to wait for the proper hours to be over."
Wee is self-employed, but is open to working full-time in the office, cites examples of why working from home can sometimes be more productive from the company's standpoint, "I think the key thing is the manager has to be very clear on the agenda. Some clients asked me to go onsite and they just talk and talk. If they just email me the job specs, I can easily do the job."
That ties in with a 2010 INSEAD Knowledge article written by Professor Meyer, which explains that "virtual teams need a manager who provides clearly-defined direction and removes all ambiguity from the process." "In the last decade, a large number of companies in the U.S. have put in place home office structures without training their team leads on how to manage these dispersed teams differently. With the excitement of newer communication mediums such as Skype and WebEx many companies have built the work-from-home movement on the premise that we can just as easily collaborate over a virtual medium as we can face to face. But that is not the case. No matter how sophisticated the communication tool it does not replicate the effectiveness of face to face collaboration."
Home run?
Wee's experience may be a strike against Yahoo! boss Mayer's much-discussed policy, but one might say it reflects an employee's working preference rather than any clear strategic advantage or disadvantage for the company. But according to Professor Meyer, there are other instances where not having everyone under one roof is not only a necessity, but also an advantage.
"Suppose you put in place a project team where people from different regions collaborate to develop a product that responds successfully to a variety of local markets," says Meyer. "In this case you need people who are IN those markets and regions to work as one team. So in that case, team members will need to be geographically distributed and there is a clear, positive reason they need to be in different places. In that case, the benefit of the geographic distribution likely outweighs the disadvantages. However, Yahoo! does not seem to be in one of these situations."
Yahoo! releases its Q1 report on April 16. It will be too early to gauge the effectiveness of Mayer's policy, but all eyes will be on Yahoo!'s balance sheet – including Yahoo! employees who decided to quit and watch the action. From home, of course.
Erin Meyer is Affiliate Professor of Organisational Behaviour at INSEAD. She directs the Managing Global Virtual Teams and Management Skills for International Business programmes, part of INSEAD's portfolio of executive education programmes.
Follow us on twitter @INSEADKnowledge or Facebook https://www.facebook.com/Knowledge.insead.
What Good is a Glue That Doesn't Stick?
Conquering Gender Bias
Women at Work: When Corporate Support Backfires
Mukesh, 08.04.2013 at 05.57 am
I agree with Erin Meyer's observation. I have also posted by thoughts on this topic
rmukeshgupta@yahoo.com
MOHITOSH CHANDA , 08.04.2013 at 07.30 am
This is a nice idea has admitted by Ms Mayer of Google, if any
scope is there can we work from india as home based job.
MOHITOSH CHANDA
chandamohitosh@gmail.com
IvanKo, 08.04.2013 at 08.39 am
Office Work Bandwagon
Now there are dozens of articles supporting Yahoo's decision. Close to none of the articles discussing a matter of self-discipline, a more likely cause for moving employees back to the office.
At the same time the move reveals managerial weakness - instead of motivating/engaging employees more and helping them to plan more efficiently the managers would like to have reports within arm reach.
Discussing non-verbal communication and caffeteria/cooler chats we can prohibit using emails/IM in the office for paper and hand-writing can deliver more ideas through hand-writing's style or paper gives more freedom for expression (you can draw pictures!).
What new nonsense would we have from another CEO of just another failing company?
IvanKo
IvanKo@ivanko.2011D
Prasanna, 08.04.2013 at 11.53 am
Google generates US$931,657
Google generates US$931,657 in revenue per employee, 170 percent higher than Yahoo's US$344,758 per employee. If Mayer's goal is to increase that productivity level, bringing people into the same office space is one quick and inexpensive way to accomplish that goal.
--- If the above statement is true, I see a gap in utilization levels.. Please note that Google also has work from home policies and a lot of folks work from home when needed. Now the question is how are they able to achieve that number with WFH benefit..
prassu.r@gmail.com
Melco, 08.04.2013 at 03.18 pm
Weak corporate Culture & leadership
When a company is unable to attract the right employees for the the task at hand, it might be because they lack a vision employees can share. Committed, motivated and self-disciplined employees can work where ever and when ever. But a weak corporate culture, failing business strategy and lack of leadership need to have contact in an office.
tm8274@gmail.com
Tom, 08.04.2013 at 07.38 pm
Census number include self employed
The study you quote, Alvin, includes people who are self-employed. Census does a poor job of make the distinction.
You quote Professor Meyer as saying, "...managing geographically dispersed teams effectively is significantly more expensive than managing collocated teams." If she means office-bound teams, that may be true because of communication overhead. But teams who work remotely but at home, using available collaboration tools such as Go-To-Meeting, I suspect do so at considerably less cost when real estate and associated costs are subtracted from the equation.
tom@teleworkresearchnetwork.com
Aparna, 16.04.2013 at 07.30 am
Associate Principal
There is a clear advantage in working from home and from office and it depends entirely on self discipline. If one has the right infrastructure at home, then productivity will be much higher than work place and at the same time there are those thrive on face time work and the need to be physically present in a particular environment. However, it is true that many misuse the work-from-home facility.
In this case Marissa has before her a few challenges and perhaps some others that may not be made public. It is also true that we tend to misjudge leaders when they take sudden or harsh decisions. I'm sure she has thought this through and I would agree with her decision to bring employees back to work at least for the moment.
She may want to view for herself whether this model leads to improvement in productivity. She can always reverse the same or bring in some flexibility as things improve.
Aparna
kimayagar2@yahoo.com
Mickg24, 21.04.2013 at 07.33 am
Not the whole story
What this article does not mention is that Ms Mayer told everyone they had to come back to the office, but then abused her position in having a creche built onto her office for her own child. One rule for those at the top, one rule for everyone else?
This is a monumental step backwards. There is no need for a large percentage of people working in IT and other industries to be in the office 90% of the time anyway. What was apparently lacking at Yahoo was competent management - there are plenty of tools out there to manage staff remotely.
Mickg24
mickg24@hotmail.com
Thomas, 27.05.2013 at 06.29 pm
A complex topic
This back-lash is surely an interesting one but considering that it has been around for a while not a surprising one. It might simply be a sign of maturity. If the curve goes up, it will come down. Its not a hard trend, but a soft one. Besides the value of in-person interaction and efficient work-at-home practices (including technology use) the factors that also need to be considered are :
1. Work at home enables access to rare talent (ie. working mothers)
2. Work/life-balance issues. Increasing work pressures everywhere burn-out people. Work at home compensates at least some of those pressures but also introduces new ones (always reachability).
3. Globalisation. Working in global teams increases the need for at least partial 24h and week-end availability. Work-at-home is simply a necessity.
4. Balance of home vs. work work. Whether you work at home or not is not a binary decision but a question of balance that needs to be governed by rules that define when it is permissible and when not.
5. Work load intensity. If the company demands increased availability and hence stretches the performance expectation beyond the typical 40 work week that people are paid for (no matter what the contract says, employees are employees, not entrepreneurs or slaves) it is only fair if some flexibility exists regarding work intensity.
6. Measuring and paying for results vs. attendance. Paying for attendance is still the most common modus operandi as it is the easiest thing to measure. The failure of performance management systems show that (objectively) measuring results is far more difficult than thought. It might be necessary to shift remuneration more to a "pay for results" scheme.
I am sure there is more but these are my current thoughts and I hope you find them useful.
thomas.martin@forward-intelligence.com
Robert Dean, 22.06.2013 at 10.03 am
Management Consultant and Executive Coach
I agree with Dr. Meyer to a point. It is all about communication. Rapport is the mechanism by which communications flow freely and accurately. And, trust is the requirement for establishing and maintaining rapport. Everything we communicate (consciously and unconsciously) is scrutinized, analyzed and evaluated. So, every time we communicate consciously we are taking a risk. The level of trust we have in others determines how much risk-taking we allow in our communications. As Dr. Meyer has pointed out, most of the tactics used to build rapport (and trust) are based on face-to-face contact. But, those same face-to-face encounters can just as easily destroy trust, inhibit risk-taking. As an organizational behaviorist who has viewed and recorded 40 years of actions in many kinds of work environments, leaders/managers, and the cultures they build and sustain can, and often do, impose controls and barriers and actions that destroy trust. Occassionally, working virtually can actually encourage risk taking and lower inhibitions. By not seeing (or hearing) the physical reaction of those receiving communication messages, communicators may feel more immune to the subtle negative reactions that would otherwise inhibit the sharing of information. Frankly, it's all about culture, and whether people's ideas and information are encouraged by the people whose actions, views and beliefs might be influenced by the communication. So, Ms. Mayer's decision at Yahoo could prove beneficial to the organization. But, only if she works diligently to shape a culture that encourages the free flow of communication. In my opinion, she should have focused most immediately on building a culture of communication before requiring people to move into a work environment that may do more to inhibit communication than to promote it. What is suspicious to me is the possibility that her decision was made in haste. The decision to end work at home came so quickly after she assumed her new leadership role, I suspect that she may not have gathered the requisite information about Yahoo's culture to ensure that such a dramatic organizational transformation will work.
Data from 12 years of high-end fashion reveal clues about the building blocks of successful styles.
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Durango Fire Protection District firefighters are working to contain a wildfire near Electra Lake north of Durango.
Efforts to contain the wildfire near Electra Lake north of Durango continued Saturday as firefighting crews doused hot spots.
The fire was reported at about 11:40 a.m. Friday in the 42000 block of U.S. Highway 550, on the east side of the highway.
Karola Hanks, Durango Fire Protection District fire marshal, said the fire is estimated to be about 60 acres in size as of Saturday afternoon.
"It didn't grow overnight; it stayed within its containment," she said.
Hanks said it is "difficult" to determine the level of containment of the fire.
"Crews are up there working on it right now, and the Forest Service sent a couple of people to help," she said.
The fire is burning in a grassy field on private, state and federal land that is difficult for crews to access. No structures are threatened.
Hanks said air support is not available because it is the off-season for wildfires.
Crews will continue to douse hot spots and build a containment line around the perimeter of the fire through the weekend.
"There are still a couple of places where smoke will be emanating from," Hanks said.
The fire department suspended permitted open burns through the weekend and into Monday morning as a result of the fire.
Hanks said DFPD and the La Plata County Sheriff's Office is investigating the cause of the blaze.


text:
Mark Twain Prize
Steve Martin celebrates Tina Fey
Clip: Season 2010 Episode 1 | 3m 34s
Steve Martin discusses Tina Fey's comedic genius at the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor
Corporate funding provided by Capital One. Major funding provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
Mark Twain Prize: Tina Fey Preview
Preview: S2010 Ep1 | 30s
The Stars Answer the Question: Cake or Pie?
Clip: S2010 Ep1 | 1m 28s
The Stars Talk About Tina Fey
Clip: S2010 Ep1 | 3m 1s
2022 Mark Twain Prize | external link
Celebrating Jon Stewart
Jon Stewart is considered one of America's top social and comedic voices. Over his 16-year run as host and executive producer of Comedy Central's The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, Stewart redefined political satire in American culture.


text:
Q: Assigning Beds to Rooms in java I have an assignment problem that I need some help with. It's modeling a retirement home, where we need to assign patients to beds and then beds to a room and then to a ward. The rooms can hold differing amounts of beds, either 1, 2, or 4.
I have assigned patients and their data to beds in the below class
public class Beds

    protected int bed;
    protected Patients patient;
    protected boolean occupied;

    protected int totalBeds;

    protected static ArrayList<Beds> beds = new ArrayList<Beds>();

    protected Beds(int Bed, Patients Patient, boolean Occupied)
    {
        this.bed = Bed;
        this.setPatient(Patient);
        this.occupied = Occupied;

    }

    public int getBed()
    {
        return bed;
    }

    public boolean getOccupied()
    {
        return occupied;
    }

    public Patients getPatient()
    {
        return patient;
    }

    public void setPatient(Patients patient)
    {
        this.patient = patient;
        occupied = true;
    }

    public void assignBed(int oldBed, int newBed)
    {
        if ( !beds.get(newBed).getOccupied())
        {
            beds.get(newBed).setPatient(patient);
            beds.get(oldBed).setPatient(null);
        }
        else
            System.out.println("Sorry that bed is taken. Please try again");
    }

    public String toString()
    {
        return new String( "bed = " + bed + "patient = " + patient + "occuplied = " + occupied);

    }
}

The problem is coming from trying to then assign the beds to rooms of varying sizes.
public class Rooms
{
    protected int roomNo;
    protected int totalBeds;
    protected boolean full;

    protected static ArrayList<Rooms> rooms = new ArrayList<>();

    protected ArrayList<Beds> beds = new ArrayList<>();

    protected static Beds beds;

    public Rooms(int RoomNo, int totalBeds, ArrayList<Beds> Beds, boolean Full)
    {
        this.totalBeds = totalBeds;
        this.roomNo = RoomNo;
        this.full = Full;
        this.beds = Beds;
    }

    int getRoomNo()
    {
        return roomNo;
    }

    int getTBeds()
    {
        return totalBeds;
    }

    boolean getFull()
    {
        return full;
    }

    ArrayList<Beds> getBeds()
    {
        return beds;
    }

The problem is I have been unable to figure out how to assign the beds from the bed class to work with the room class and I've been coding in circles for hours.

A: Why wouldn't you remove the class Beds ?
You would have a class Bed, a class Room and a class Patient
The class Room has an attribute: arraylist of Bed
The class Patient has an attribute: Bed (you can also add a Room attribute)
The class Bed has an attribute: Patient (you can also add a Room attribute)
Then you instanciate your classes: Room_1, Patient_1, Bed_1...
And you fill the attributes with your objects: Room_1.add(Patient_1, Room_1) or Patient_1.room = Room_1
Does it answer to your question?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
For the Sake of the Call is the fourth album released by contemporary Christian music singer Steven Curtis Chapman. The album was released in 1990 by Sparrow Records.

It won the 1992 Grammy Award for Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album and the Gospel Music Association award as Pop/Contemporary Album of the Year and was RIAA-certified as Gold on December 6, 1994.

Track listing
All songs written by Steven Curtis Chapman, except where noted.
 "For the Sake of the Call" – 5:29
 "What Kind of Joy" – 4:36
 "Busy Man" – 4:28
 "Lost In the Shadow"(Chapman, James Isaac Elliot) – 5:00
 "Higher Ways"(Chapman, Phil Naish) – 4:20
 "Blind Lead the Blind"(Chapman, Geoff Moore) – 4:46
 "You Know Better"(Chapman, Bob Sauer) – 3:43
 "When You Are a Soldier" – 3:34
 "No Better Place"(Chapman, Naish) – 3:50
 "Show Yourselves to Be" – 4:26
 "For the Sake of the Call" (reprise) – 1:15

Personnel

 Steven Curtis Chapman – lead vocals, acoustic guitar, mandolin, backing vocals (2–7, 9, 10), electric guitar (3), classical guitar (5)
 Phil Naish – keyboards (1–6, 8, 9)
 Dann Huff – electric guitars (1–6, 9)
 Jackie Street – bass (1–6, 9)
 Craig Nelson – acoustic bass (7)
 Paul Leim – drums (1–7, 9)
 Chris McDonald – trombone (2, 6), horn arrangements (2, 6)
 Barry Green – trombone (2, 6)
 Mike Haynes – trumpet (2, 6)
 George Tidwell – trumpet (2, 6)
 Don Wyrtzen – string arrangements and conductor (5, 8, 10, 11)
 Carl Gorodetzsky – string leader (5, 8, 10, 11)
 The Nashville String Machine – strings (5, 8, 10, 11)
 Christ Church Choir – choir (1)
 Herb Chapman – backing vocals (2–7, 9, 10)
 Chris Rodriguez – backing vocals (2–7, 9, 10)
 Bob Sauer – backing vocals (7), whistle (7)
 Brent Lamb – backing vocals (9)

Production

 Phil Naish – producer
 Peter York – executive producer
 Ronnie Brookshire – recording
 Jim DeMain – assistant engineer
 Patrick Kelly – assistant engineer
 Patrick Hutchinson – assistant engineer
 Gary Paczosa – assistant engineer
 Ed Simonton – assistant engineer
 Carry Summers – assistant engineer
 Nightingale – studio
 OmniSound – studio
 Digital Recorders – studio
 Hummingbird – studio
 Treasure Isle, Nashville, Tennessee – studio
 Jeff Balding – mixing
 John Hurley – mix assistant
 Digital Recorders – mixing location
 Doug Sax – mastering
 The Mastering Lab, Los Angeles, California – mastering location
 Cindy Wilt – production manager
 Barbara Hearn – art direction
 Nick Newton – design
 Alan Dockery – photography

References

Steven Curtis Chapman albums
1990 albums
Grammy Award for Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A Christian cross has been removed from a crematorium so as to avoid offending followers of different religions.
Council bosses opted to take down Accrington Crematorium's large wooden cross - the symbol of Christianity - after growing concern about how secular groups responded to it.
It will now only be put up for individual services on request, after being the centrepiece of the crematorium for half a century.
The decision has outraged many in the area, including the Anglican Bishop of Burnley, Philip North.
He said: 'This approach at Accrington Crematorium is symptomatic of actions often taken by secular authorities to strip away the outward signs of faith around us, but not for reasons the majority support.
'At the census a majority of people in Lancashire identified as Christian and many arriving at the crematorium will want, and indeed expect, the cross to be there to offer them comfort.
'Will the crematorium management proactively inform everyone they have the option to put the cross back up?
'If it's a funeral of someone of another faith or none, remove the cross by all means, but have it in place for the majority who will still expect to see it.
'I can't imagine many people would ever ask for the cross to be removed as it's a fairly traditional town.
'What I know is the power of symbol. The cross is a powerful symbol of the victory of life over death. People living with grief need that kind of symbol. The rituals around death are incredibly important.
Hyndburn Tory group leader Peter Britcliffe said he was alarmed at its removal.
Councillor Britcliffe said: 'This is another example of the creeping madness of political correctness undermining the traditional Christian values of our society in East Lancashire.
Since 1956, the religious symbol has been a permanent fixture at the crematorium, only removed if service organisers made such a request.
Following a £20,000 upgrade earlier this year, Hyndburn Council decided the cross should be removed and only restored at the request of a family wanting a Christian farewell for their loved one.
Hyndburn cemeteries boss Ken Moss said it reflected the growing number of humanist and non-religious funerals held at the Burnley Road venue.
Nearby councils in Blackburn, Burnley and Pendle all keep the cross in place at their funeral chapels unless asked to remove it by service organisers.
Councillor Moss said: 'The large wooden cross was taken down during the recent refurbishment of the crematorium chapel.
'General guidance for crematoria is the building should be non-denominational so that it has the flexibility to make all families welcome whatever their beliefs.
'Most people with religious beliefs have a church service first and then go to the crematorium for the committal.
'At Accrington Crematorium approximately 40 per cent of families state they have no religion and humanist services are very common now.
'To cater for those families with religious beliefs the crematorium has a cross and crucifix available, which can be put up for services and taken down when not needed.
Councillor Britcliffe added: 'I am shocked by this decision, which is the wrong way round.
Area Dean of Accrington, Reverend John Holland, said: 'I held a service in there on Friday without the cross. The wall is very blank and bare now.
'I am not aware at all that anybody has ever had a problem with the cross. You don't have to look at it if you don't want to.
British Humanist Association chief executive Andrew Copson believes the right decision has been made.
He said: 'It is no longer the case that most people are Christian in our country.
Nearby Blackburn with Darwen Council has a cross fixed to the wall of its Pleasington crematorium chapel, which can be removed for non-religious services.
Burnley's Council crematorium has a large wooden cross fixed to the chapel wall which can be covered by a cloth if requested.
Pendle Council's Colne and Nelson equivalents have freestanding crosses which can be turned round on request while Rossendale's chapels in Haslingden and Rawtenstall keep similar freestanding symbols removed on request.
Its Whitworth chapel has a wall-mounted cross which is covered on request.
'I think this is a massive overreaction.
'What will they do to all the people who have a cross on their tombstones? Knock them down too?
'Do these offended people find it offensive that we have a Remembrance Day? Is that offensive?
'Is it offensive that our head of state is also head of the Church of England? Where does it end?
'The cross was there because it is the Christian heritage of this country. That doesn't preclude others from having their own burials to the beliefs that they have.
'I don't know anybody who would be offended by this. It's the background of our country.
'Almost all of our war memorials will have a reference to God written on them, be that 'Go to the glory of God' or whatever else. It's very explicitly Christian. That's not illegal. No-one has ever voted for it to be overturned. Why should it be ditched now?
'People can have whatever type of service they wish. But you don't need to take a wrecking ball to our Christian heritage to do that.
'To me it just seems that Christianity is under attack.
'I don't know if this is from other faiths or secular groups who are deliberately using other faiths as an excuse to target our religion.
'The cross is a hugely powerful signal. For most people going to a crematorium they are looking to the cross and what it represents for hope and comfort in their loss.
'This is the paradox. People of other faiths aren't actually offended by a cross in Christian cemetery in a Christian country. Most are bigger than that.
'There are campaigners who fight to get these symbols banned but apart from those sort of militants, ordinary people of other faiths expect to finds crosses here in a Christian country. They'd be shocked not to find them.
'I personally wouldn't be offended by this at all.
'Most Sikhs appreciate the fact we live in a majority Christian country. We define ourselves as British in that context, so wouldn't be offended by the sight of the cross.


text:
Pierce The Veil album set for 2016
By Scott Munro ( Metal Hammer ) published 23 December 15
Label Fearless Records announce Collide With The Sky follow-up will launch next year
Fearless Records have confirmed that Pierce The Veil will release their fourth studio album next year.
The band's label revealed the news on Twitter, although no launch date has been confirmed.
The same message also announced that 2016 will see fresh material from Tonight Alive, The Color Morale, The Word Alive, Real Friends, I Prevail, The Summer Set, The White Noise and Movements.
Earlier this year, Pierce The Veil released the track The Divine Zero from the as-yet-untiled follow-up to 2012's Collide With The Sky.
Korn: "We're proud to have started nu metal: love it or hate it, it's stood the test of time"
Somebody has made a mash-up of Aqua's Barbie Girl in the style of System Of A Down and now our brains hurt
Bill Ward: "Black Sabbath were so tight, we'd have the same dreams"
The 50 most anticipated metal albums of 2022


Want to offer complete privacy to your conversation? You can now use Secret Conversation in Facebook Messenger on your iPhone and Android.
It's really fun to use Facebook Messenger to communicate with friends and loved ones. Some interesting features bring all the needed spice to rev up the user experience.
I have a lot of friends on Facebook Messenger. There are some very close friends with whom I chat a lot. Thanks to "Secret Conversations", I can provide the much-needed privacy and security to my messages.
What I really like about this feature is that it provides complete encryption to selected conversations. Better still, they are confined to a single device only. Would you like to know how it works? Let's find out!
The Secret Conversations feature is available for both Android and iOS devices.
It has to be manually enabled for each chat.
Step #1. Launch Messenger app on your smartphone.
Step #2. Next, you have to select the user with whom you want to have Secret Conversation.
Step #3. Now, you need to tap into the username.
Step #4. Finally, you have to tap into Secret Conversation. Then, you need to tap into OK.
Check out the timer icon which is right next to the Secret Conversations option. You can set a timer to make the messages disappear.
That's all there is to it! Now, go ahead and chat with your friends secretly.
Currently, this feature doesn't support some features like sharing GIFs or videos. It restricts the dialogue exchange to just one device. As the conversation will not show up if you log into your account from another device. Moreover, the secret conversation with a user is shown differently.
In the wake of rampant cybercrime and hacking, Privacy is of utmost significance. Hence, it's important to ensure your messages are thoroughly protected. It's great that Facebook has emphasized on providing the required protection to personal conversations.
What do you think of secret conversations? Do let us know your views in the comments below or on Facebook, Twitter, and Google Plus.


Please pass a long to every league commissioner, coach, weekend travel coach, volunteers ect. I have included the Virginia State Commissioner, District IX Baseball Umpire in Chief, George Burke, and Virginia -North and District IX Softball Umpire in Chief Paul Espinosa on this email.
As I traveled to a couple of your leagues this past weekend, I noticed individuals and coaches warming up the pitchers without wearing a mask.
"If an individual is in the squatting position and warming up a pitcher, it will be mandatory that they are properly equipped by wearing a mask with a throat protector and if a male (an athletic supporter/ cup). Insurance will not cover any individual who is not properly equipped and gets hit with a ball while in the squatting position without a mask with throat protector and proper protective gear.
It is OK for individuals to throw a ball back and forth in the "upright or standing position" without wearing a mask. It is not ok for anyone at anytime to warm up a pitcher without the proper gear. This includes the coaches that trot out onto the field and warm up the pitcher between innings while the catcher is getting the gear on in the dugout.
Bottom line - wear the proper protective gear when in the squatting position. Non compliance by any coach or manager can result in a suspension issued by the league President and or myself. Please do not let this happen to your coaches. Ignorance of this rule will be no excuse within District IX or at any other Babe Ruth tournaments or events.


text:
Q: Will Central Limit Theorem work here? suppose that $X_1, X_2, \cdots $ are i.i.d. random variables with mean $0$ and variance $1$. Let $Z \sim N(0,1)$. For some constant $a \in \mathbb{R}$, define sequences
$$ \delta_n = Pr\left(\frac{X_1+X_2+\cdots+X_n}{\sqrt{n}} \leq a \right)$$
$$ \gamma_n = Pr\left(\frac{X_1+X_2+\cdots+X_n}{\sqrt{n}} \leq a + \frac{1}{n} \right)$$
Then, the central limit theorem tells us that $\delta_n \to Pr(Z \leq a)$. The proof I am somewhat familiar with uses MGF approach.
My question is this: What can we say about $\lim_{n \to \infty} \gamma_n$?
More generally, suppose we had $a+ g_n$ where $g_n$ is a sequence that goes to $0$. Is it true that $\gamma_n \to Pr(Z \leq a)$ as well? (Under the same assumptions under which $\delta_n \to Pr(Z \leq a)$ is true)

A: Even the general case holds as you would hope; that is, if $g_n \to 0$, then $\gamma_n \to Pr(Z \leq a)$.
For convenience, let $S_n := \frac{X_1 + \dots + X_n}{\sqrt n}$. The proof that you know establishes that $S_n \stackrel{d}{\to} Z$; that is,
$$\mathbb P (S_n \leq c) \to \mathbb P (Z \leq c) $$
for any fixed $c$.
Now, let $g_n \to 0$ and let $\epsilon > 0$ be fixed. We wish to show that for sufficiently large $n$, we have
$$|\mathbb P(S_n \leq c + g_n) - \mathbb P(Z \leq c)| < \epsilon.$$
Since $Z$ is a continuous random variable, the function $\mathbb P(Z \leq c)$ is continuous in $c$; that is, there is some small $\delta > 0$ such that
$$|\mathbb P(Z \leq c + \delta) - \mathbb P(Z \leq c)| < \epsilon/3.$$
Choose $n$ sufficiently large so that $g_n < \delta$. It follows that for sufficiently large $n$,
$$\mathbb P(S_n \leq c) \leq \mathbb P(S_n \leq c + g_n) \leq \mathbb P(S_n \leq c + \delta).$$
As $n \to \infty$, the left side can be assumed to be at least $\mathbb P(Z \leq c) - \epsilon/3$ and the right side can be assumed to be at most $\mathbb P(Z \leq c + \delta) + \epsilon/3 \leq \mathbb P(Z \leq c) + 2 \epsilon/3$. We have therefore bounded $\mathbb P(S_n \leq c + g_n)$ and $\mathbb P(Z \leq c)$ together in an interval of length at most $\epsilon$.

A: Note that $\delta_n \leq \gamma_n$. Also define $$\zeta_n(\epsilon)
= Pr\left(\frac{X_1+X_2+\cdots+X_n}{\sqrt{n}} \leq a +\epsilon \right)$$ with $\epsilon > 0$. Then, for any such $\epsilon$ there exists an $n_0$ such that when $n\geq n_0$ it follows that $\gamma_n \leq \zeta_n(\epsilon)$.


An exclusive collection of ten brand new luxurious 2 bedroom apartments set in the heart of Canonbury, close to the amenities of Highbury & Islington.
On the cool, tree-lined Grosvenor Avenue comes an extraordinary collection of 10 sublime apartments. The decadent tones of brass, bronze and dark timber alongside cutting edge technology used in X-N5 break barriers in luxury. With links to the rest of the city and beyond so close, X-N5 offers unparalleled way of life in London.
X-N5 is brand new development consisting of 10 superlative 2 bedroom apartments split out over 5 floors. Nestled in between the northern end of Upper Street and Essex Road, Canonbury is a leafy oasis of peaceful grandeur. To the north of X-N5 is village-like Highbury Barn, the gourmet's mecca, while cutting edge Dalston is to the east. South is Hoxton, with its ever-evolving boutiques and nightlife, and to the west, bustling Islington.
Each apartment has been carefully designed with a contemporary feel in mind. Beautiful solid timber parquet floors have been laid throughout with splashes of featured shuttered finish concrete walls. The kitchens have been fitted with high quality appliances by Siemens or Miele with white marble splashbacks to compliment. A generous amount of storage has been added in the form of walnut veneer wardrobes and finally there is a scatter of brass features giving the apartments that warm homely touch.
The development is nestled into a beautiful enclave of one the most sought after areas of London, with swift and easy links to the rest of the city and beyond. There are two stations are just a few minutes' walk away Canonbury Station Overground station with links to Richmond, Clapham Junction and Stratford and connections to the East London Line which, travels to Crystal Place and West Croydon.


Are you searching for 3GB of professionally created Cinematic & Epic Drums/Percussion Library for Kontakt 4 (and above)? Do you want a BARGAIN price? We've teamed up with ARIA to offer you just that!
Fancy a remix contest with some sweet prizes courtesy of Image Line (FL Studio)? It'll be a good use of time during the warm summer nights especially with the swag you can win.
AskVideo have upped the game of music training online with their new superb course, Vocal Techniques 101: Singing with Tammy Scheffer. If you want to improve your singing technique watch this now!
We saw it being demoed during Musikmesse 2014 in Frankfurt earlier this year. And now it's here and available for all! Even if you don't think you need organs... check this out.
Industry veteran brings a wealth of DJ expertise to new role as Numark Director of Marketing. Karl Detken previously spent 18 years working with Pioneer and started their Pro Audio Division.
Native Instruments are running a series of videos featuring renowned TRAKTOR artists illustrating innovation in DJing. Kicking off the series is House icon Marc Kinchen.
Sporting a number of enhancements such as 200 new presets, new mapping generator and AAX support, version 1.3 looks set to add new tweakability to u-he's popular ACE synth.