In a presence system in which one user users a plurality of terminals, dynamically changing buddy lists are synchronized between the terminals. A presence notification message is sent to all the terminals of the user. The timing of sending includes, for example, when the presence information of a buddy is updated, when a new buddy is set, when display attribute information is updated, when a buddy is cancelled, and when a presence notification of unknown presentity is made. Thus, when one user uses a plurality of terminals in the presence system, dynamically changing buddy lists can be synchronized between the terminals. In addition, the display formats of the buddy lists do not differ from one terminal to another, and the same display format is attained.
This method is used in a server of the presence system. Assume here that a user agent A operates a plurality of clients c 1, c2, and c3, and that the user agent A adds a new buddy B in the buddy list using the client c1. The server notifies the clients c1, c2, and c3 of the presence information of the buddy B and the ID of the buddy B. Thus, the clients c2 and c3 as well as the client c1 recognize that the buddy B is added as a new buddy, and they display the presence information of the buddy B. In this manner, even if a buddy list dynamically changes in a situation where one user operates a plurality of clients, the buddy list of each of the terminals can be synchronized in real-time.
It is possible that although the buddy list itself is not updated, the display attribute information of a buddy may be updated in the client c 1. In this case, the other clients c2 and c3 of the user agent A are notified of the display attribute information of the buddy using a presence notification command. Thus, the display formats as well as the buddies can be synchronized.
For example, assume that, of the clients c 1, c2, and c3 of the user agent A, the client c1 is restarted and then transmits a "LOGON" command to the server. The server transmits the buddy list of the user agent A and the presence information of the buddies to the client c1 using a presence notification command. Thus, the restarted client c1 can display the same buddy list as displayed on the other clients c2 and c3.
In this method, the client c 1 that attempts reconnection is notified of the presence information of the buddy whose presence information changed during the time in which the connection was disconnected. For example, in cases where the clients and the server communicate with each other using UDP, the client transmits a reconnection request if there has been no communication from the server for 30 minutes or more. The reconnection request contains the time at which the server last communicated with the client. The server transmits, to the clients, the identifier and the presence information of a buddy having presence information that has been set after a specified time using a presence notification command. The load to the server is thus reduced in comparison with the case where the presence information of all the buddies of the user agent that have reconnected is transmitted.
In a presence system employing this method, client c 2 receives from the server the presence information and the identifier of a new buddy B of the user agent A, which have been set in another client c1. Thereafter, the client c2 displays the presence information of the same buddies as displayed on the client c1.
In a presence system employing this method, client c 2 receives from the server the presence information, the identifier, and the display attribute information of a new buddy B of the user agent A, which have been set in another client c1. Thereafter, the client c2 displays the presence information of the buddy B according to, for example, the attribute information. As a consequence, the buddy lists in the clients c1 and c2 are synchronized including their display formats.
A client c 1 of the user agent A transmits to the server attribute information of a new buddy B in addition to the identifier of the buddy B. The attribute information of the buddy B is transmitted to the client c1 using the presence notification.
From the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 15 is a flow-chart showing the flow of a process performed by a client that has received a presence notification command.
FIG. 1 schematically shows the configuration of a presence system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This presence system comprises a server  1 and a plurality of clients 2 a, 2 b . . . , and so forth. The clients 2 a, 2 b . . . and the server 1 are connected by a network 3, which includes the Internet, an intranet, a mobile communication network, and so forth.
The clients  2 a, 2 b . . . are operated by user agents A, B . . . , and so forth. In this presence system, one user agent A has one client 2 a comprising one client or a plurality of clients 2 a 1, 2 a 2, 2 a 3. For example, a user agent A may operate a PDA terminal 2 a 1, a PC terminal 2 a 2, and a mobile telephone 2 a 3, which may serve as the client 2 a. A client or a plurality of clients for a given user agent A are hereinafter collectively referred to as a client 2 a.
In this presence system, all the clients  2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 of the user agent A may be connected to the server 1. Even in such cases, the buddies of the user A and their presence information that are displayed on the clients 2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 are synchronized. It is preferable that attribute information other then the buddy information, for example, display attribute information of the buddies, be also synchronized between a plurality of clients.
In the following, the functions of the server  1 and the client 2 are described under the assumption that all the clients 2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 of the user agent A are connected to the server 1.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the functions of the server  1 and a client 2. The server 1 and the client 2 have a plurality of modules and a plurality of tables. Each of the modules and tables is described below.
The server  1 has a client table 10, a buddy list 11, a watcher table 12, a presence table 13, a request-processing module 14, and a presence notification module 15 to perform the primary processes required for a server in the presence system. The client 2 has a request module 21 and a presence display module 22 to perform the primary processes required for a client in the presence system. The primary processes performed by these tables and modules are broadly grouped as a "presence setting process", a "buddy setting process", a "presence display process", and a "presence notification process".
The presence setting process is carried out as follows. The presence information of a given user agent A is transmitted from the request module  21 to the request-processing module 14 and is then stored into the presence table 13. It is preferable that the presence table 13 also store the date and time at which the presence information is set, together with the presence information. New presence information may be automatically generated by the request module 21, or may be input by the user agent A.
The buddy setting process is carried out as follows. The user agent A specifies the user ID of another agent, i.e. buddy (hereinafter referred to as a buddy ID) which the user agent A wishes to reference the status. The buddy ID is transmitted from the request module  21 to the request-processing module 14 and is then stored into the buddy list 11. For the transmission of the buddy ID, a buddy setting command, for example, "SUBSCRIBE", is used. Meanwhile, the user ID of the user agent A is stored into the watcher table 12 as the ID of a watcher of the specified buddy. Specific examples of the buddy list 11 and the watcher table 12 will be described later. Prior to adding a new watcher to the watcher table 12, it is possible to confirm with a buddy who becomes a presentity whether or not a notification of the presence information to a new watcher is permitted. It should be noted that a user ID is such an identifier that the server 1 can identify each of the user agents in the presence system.
The presence display process is carried out as follows. The user ID of a buddy of the user agent A and his/her presence information are transmitted to a given client  2 a that is connected to the server 1. Specifically, the ID of the buddy of the user agent A is read out from the buddy list 11 by the presence notification module 15. Subsequently, the presence information of each of the buddies is read out from the presence table 13 by the presence notification module 15. The buddy ID and the presence information that have been read out are transmitted to the client 2 a using a presence notification command, such as "NOTIFY". The transmitted presence information of each of the buddies is displayed on the client 2 a by the presence display module 22.
The presence notification process is carried out as follows. When the presence information of a given user agent A is updated, the presence information is read out from the presence table  3 by the presence notification module 15. Subsequently, the watcher ID of the user agent A is extracted from the watcher table 12. The updated presence information of the user agent A is transmitted to the client 2 of the extracted watcher. For this presence notification, a presence notification command such as "NOTIFY" is used, as in the foregoing. The presence information that has been notified of is displayed by the presence display module 22 as new presence information of the buddy. Each client 2 of the watcher is extracted from the client table 10. The client table 10 stores user IDs as well as client IDs that are identified by the user IDs so that they are associated with each other.
In this presence system, a given user agent A can set attribute information relating to a buddy into the server  1. In the following explanation, display attribute information of a buddy list is taken as an example of the attribute information. To set display attribute information, the server 1 has an attribute information-extracting module 16 and the client 2 has an attribute information-setting module 23. The functions of these modules are described below.
FIG. 3 shows an example of the format of a buddy setting message. The buddy setting message is generated by the request module  21 and sent to the server 1. Normally, the buddy setting message includes a buddy setting command "SUBSCRIBE" and buddy list information, and is generated by the request module 21. In the buddy setting message, display attribute information is also embedded by the attribute information-setting module 23.
Display attribute information in the buddy setting message is extracted by the attribute information-extracting module  16 and is written into the buddy list 11. FIG. 4 schematically shows the information stored in the buddy list 11. The buddy list 11 stores the buddy list information and the display attribute information. Specifically, it stores a watcher ID, buddy IDs, display names, and categories into one record. This figure shows that a user agent A (user ID:User-A@fujitsu.com) sets four user agents, who are displayed with the display names "shingo", "ohno", "okuyama", and "kakuta", as his/her buddies.
FIG. 5 schematically shows the concept of the watcher table  12. As already described above, the watcher table 12 is created based on the buddy setting message. The watcher table 12 contains a presentity ID and watcher IDs in one record. The buddy ID in the buddy setting message is written in as a presentity ID. The watcher ID in the buddy setting message is stored in the watcher table 12 as a watcher ID.
In this presence system, displays of buddy lists are synchronized between a plurality of clients that are simultaneously operated by one user agent A. For this synchronization, the server  1 has a buddy list notification module 17 and the client 2 has a buddy list synchronization module 24. The functions of these modules are detailed below.
FIG. 6 shows an example of the format of a presence notification message. The presence notification message is generated by the presence notification module  15 of the server 1. This message contains a presence notification command "NOTIFY", buddy list information, and presence information. In the presence notification message shown in FIG. 6, display attribute information of the buddy is also embedded by the buddy list notification module 17. The display attribute information is information that a watcher sets for each of the buddies, which is read out from the buddy list 11. It should be noted that, in addition to the display attribute information, various attribute information related to the user agent may be embedded in the presence notification message.
For simplicity in illustration, it is assumed that, using a client  2 a 1, a user agent A adds a buddy B (display name: Mr. Fukui) in the buddy list. The buddy B is recorded in the buddy list 11 as a buddy of the user agent B. The user agent A is recorded in the watcher table 12 as a watcher of the buddy B. Subsequently, presence information of the new buddy B is notified by the presence notification message. The destination of the notification is the clients 2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 to which the user agent A is being connected. The presence notification message is generated by an instruction from the buddy list notification module 17.
The clients  2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 that have received the presence notification message carry out the following processes. First, the buddy list information is extracted from the presence notification message to judge if a new buddy is added. In other words, the buddy list synchronization module 24 compares the buddy ID that has been notified of with the buddy ID whose presence information has already been displayed, in order to judge whether or not a new buddy is added. If the buddy ID in the presence notification message is a new buddy ID, the foregoing message is interpreted as a notification of a new buddy. Thereafter, the display name and the presence information of the buddy is newly displayed. Thus, when a given user agent A adds a buddy B using the client 2 a 1, for example, presence information of the buddy B is displayed on the clients 2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3.
Next, the display attribute update notification process is detailed. For simplicity in illustration, it is assumed that the user agent A changes display attribute information of the buddy B using the client  2 a 1. For example, the display name of the buddy B is changed from "Mr. Fukui" to "fukui". The new display name "fukui" is written into the buddy list 11 by the request-processing module 14. Subsequently, the new display name of the buddy B is notified by the presence notification message. The destinations of the notification are at least 2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3. This presence notification message is generated by an instruction from the buddy list notification module 17.
The clients  2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 judge whether or not a notification is the "notification of a new buddy", as described above. Thereafter, when it is determined that the notification is not for a new buddy, it is judged whether the display attribute information of the buddy B in the presence notification message is updated. The display attribute information of the buddy displayed in the presence display is stored by the buddy list synchronization module 24. If it has been updated, the foregoing message is judged as "update notification of display attribute information". As a result, the presence display of the buddy B is updated according to the new display attribute information. Thus, the clients 2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 of the user agent A display the buddy B with the new display name. It should be noted that, when the display attribute information is a category name of the buddy B, the buddy B is displayed as one of the buddies who belong to a new category.
FIG. 7 shows an example of screen changes that shows buddy list synchronization between a plurality of clients  2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3. FIG. 7A shows a buddy list display screen that is an example of the presence display. It is now assumed that this screen is displayed on the three clients 2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 of the user agent A. FIG. 7B shows an example of buddy setting screen. This figure shows that a new buddy B (display name: Mr. Fukui) is added in the client 2 a 1. FIG. 7C shows a new buddy list display screen. The server 1 notifies the user agent A's clients 2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 of the presence information of the newly added buddy B and the display attribute information. In other words, a presence notification message is transmitted to these three clients. Thus, the presence information of "Mr. Fukui" is additionally displayed on these three clients.
FIG. 8 shows an example of screen changes showing that the display attribute information is synchronized in addition to the buddy information. FIG. 8A shows an example of the buddy list display screen displayed by the clients  2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 of the user agent A. FIG. 8B shows an example of display attribute information-setting screen. This figure shows that the display name "shingo" of the buddy B is changed into "Shingo Fujimoto" in the client 2 a 1. FIG. 8C shows a buddy list display screen that is displayed on the clients 2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 after the display attribute information is changed. The display name of the buddy B has been changed into "Shingo Fujimoto".
A connection between the server  1 and the client 2 can be disconnected due to disorder of the network 3 or the power off of the client 2. In this presence system, when any client 2 a 1 of the user agent A connects with the server 1, the presence displays in the other clients 2 a 2 and 2 a 3 are synchronized. For this process, the server 1 has a reconnection-detecting module 18 and the client 2 has a reconnection module 25. The functions of these modules are described below.
Reconnection Message FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B show examples of the formats of reconnection message. The reconnection message is generated by the reconnection module  25 and is transmitted to the server 1 by the request module 21.
FIG. 9B shows an example of the format of the reconnection message (type 2) with a timestamp. This message further contains a timestamp. This message is generated to acquire the presence information of a buddy that has changed after the time indicated by the timestamp. The timestamp is not essential information for the reconnection message. For example, when a reconnection is made after a connection has been disconnected for a long time, it is desirable that the presence information of all the buddies be acquired, and therefore the timestamp is unnecessary. Conversely, for example, when the server  1 and the client 2 are connected through UDP (User Datagram Protocol), timestamps are effective. For example, it is conceivable that when no communication is received from the server 1 for 30 minutes or longer, the client 2 transmits a reconnection message (type 2) to the server 1.
FIG. 9C schematically illustrates a presence notification message for a reconnection message. This presence notification message also contains similar information to the information contained in the presence notification message shown in FIG. 6. The presence information or the like of all or some of the user agent A's buddies, which has been extracted based on the reconnection message, is transmitted from the server  1 to the client 2. For example, when the reconnection message (type 1) is detected, the presence information and display attribute information of all the user agent A's buddies are transmitted to the clients 2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3. When the reconnection message with timestamp (type 2) is detected, the presence information and display attribute information of some of the user agent A's buddies are transmitted to the clients 2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3. These some of the user agent A's buddies are those who have the presence information that has been set after the time indicated by the timestamp. The instructions to detect the reconnection messages and to transmit the presence notification messages are carried out by the reconnection-detecting module 18.
FIG. 10 shows examples of buddy list display screens displayed on the client  2 a, that has been reconnected. This figure shows the screen examples displayed when the client 2 a 1 transmits the reconnection message (type 1). FIG. 10A shows an example of the screen displayed immediately after start up. Initially, the client 2 a 1 has acquired neither the presence information nor the display attribute information of any buddies immediately after its startup. FIG. 10B shows an example of the buddy list display screen displayed while the presence information of buddies or the like is being acquired from the server 1. FIG. 10C shows an example of buddy list display screen displayed when the presence information and display attribute information of all the buddies have been acquired.
When the user agent A does not connect with the server  1 from any of the clients 2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 for a long period, there are cases where the user agent A is deleted from the watcher table 12. This is because the presence notification to a user agent A who does not use the system for a long time is a waste of the network resource. Nevertheless, it is preferable that the presence notification to the user agent A be restarted when the user agent A who was deleted from the watcher table 12 reconnects with the system. In addition, it is preferable that permission be obtained from the presentity when the presence notification to the user agent A is restarted. The reason is that, even when the presentity previously approved the notification of the presence information to the user agent A, the presentity can change his/her mind as time elapses.
Some presence systems can set each presentity's access level to the presence information in the presence table  13. If this is the case, it is possible to judge whether the presence notification can be restarted without obtaining the permission from the presentity.
The presence notification to a reconnected user agent A can be restarted by reregistering the user ID of the user agent A in the watcher table  12. The re-registering is performed by the reconnection-detecting module 18. The presentities of the user agent A can be determined from the buddy list 11 of the user agent A. FIG. 10(d) depicts an example of the screen showing that a presence notification has been transmitted to the client 2 a after reconnection. By the restart of the presence notification, the user agent A can be informed of the presence information of the buddies at the time of reconnection as well as the latest presence information of the buddies thereafter.
The buddy who is determined in the above-described watcher re-registering process that he/she cannot restart the presence notification to the user agent A may be deleted from the buddy list of the user agent A. Thus, the memory resource inside the server  1 can be effectively used. The deleting of a buddy is performed by the reconnection-detecting module 18.
FIG. 11 shows an overview of the process flows at reconnection. First, a reconnection message is transmitted from the client  2 to the server 1. The reconnection message is passed from the request-processing module 14 to the reconnection-detecting module 18 (#1). Then, the reconnection message is interpreted, and the buddy list information of the client 2 a 1 is read out from the buddy list (#2, #3). Then, a confirmation is made to the buddies whether they permit the presence notification to be made (#4). Thereafter, for the buddies who gave permission for the present notification, the user agent A is registered in the watcher table 12 as a watcher of the buddies (watcher re-registering process) (#5).
The presence information of the buddies of whom the user agent A again became a watcher is read out from the presence table  13 (#6). If the reconnection message contains a timestamp, the present information and its display attribute information that have been set after the time indicated by the timestamp are read out from the presence table 13 (#6). Subsequently, a presence notification message containing the presence information, the buddy list information, and the display attribute information, is transmitted from the presence notification module 15 to the client 2 a 1 (#7).
Those buddies who did not give the permission for the presence notification may be deleted from the buddy list of the user agent A (buddy reviewing process) (#8). Alternatively, the clients  2 a 1, 2 a 2, and 2 a 3 may be notified that the user agent A is no longer a watcher of the buddy (#9). This notification can be performed by transmitting a later-described watching cancel message.
In the presence system, distribution relationship for the presence information can be cancelled for some reason related to the server  1. In this case, a watcher may be notified that the presence information of a presentity has not distributed. The notification is carried out by transmitting a watching cancel message from the server 1 to the client 2. For sending and receiving this message, the server 1 has a watcher cancel module 110 and the client 2 has a watching cancel module 26.
FIG. 12A shows an example of the format of the watching cancel message. This message is generated by the watcher cancel module  110 and is transmitted to the client 2 by the presence notification module 15. The watching cancel message contains a cancel command "Subscription-State: terminated", in addition to the presence notification command "NOTIFY" and the buddy list information. The cancel command indicates that the presence notification for the buddy identified by a buddy ID in the buddy list information has been cancelled.
FIGS. 12B and 12C show an example of changes in the buddy list display screen by the watching cancel module  26. FIG. 12B shows the buddy list display screen displayed before a watching cancel message is received. FIG. 12C shows the buddy list display screen displayed after the watching cancel message has been received. After the watching cancel message has been received, a buddy deleted from the buddy list and his/her presence information are deleted from the display. The change of the display screen is carried out as follows. First, the watching cancel message is passed to the watching cancel module 26 to determine a buddy to be deleted. Then, deletion of the buddy from the display is instructed to the presence display module 22. Subsequently, by an instruction from the watching cancel module 26, the information corresponding to the buddy is deleted from the buddy list information and the display attribute information stored by the buddy list synchronization module 24.
In the presence system, the presence information of a user agent other than the buddies of the user agent A can be transmitted to the client  2 a. When such a presence notification is carried out, it is preferable that the server 1 gives the client 2 a a warning that the presence notification is a presence notification of a user agent C that is other than the buddies. It is also preferable that the client 2 a that has received the warning perform a process according to the warning. For example, the client 2 a may notify the user agent A of the warning, or it may ignore such presence notifications. In order to carry out such processes, the server 1 has a security-tightening module 111 and the client 2 has a security module 27.
FIG. 13A shows an example of the format of a warning message. The warning message is generated by the security-tightening module  111 and is transmitted to the client 2 by the presence notification module 15. The warning message contains a warning command "X-Warning: not-requested", in addition to the presence notification command "NOTIFY", the buddy list information, and the presence information. The buddy list information contains the user ID of a user agent C, who is not a buddy of the user agent A.
FIG. 13B shows an example of a warning display screen displayed by the client  2 a who has received the warning message. The warning command in the warning message is extracted by the security module 27. Thereafter, the warning display screen accepts selection of whether the user agent C is set as a buddy or not. If the user agent C is selected to be set as a buddy, a buddy setting message for setting the user agent C as a buddy is transmitted to the server 1. If the user agent C is not selected to be set as a buddy, the presence notification of the user agent C may be ignored, for example. This function makes it possible to prevent an unknown user agent C from being added to the buddy list unconsciously and prevent the presence information thereof from being displayed unilaterally.
FIG. 14 is a flow-chart showing the flow of primary processes performed by the server  1. The server 1 starts predetermined processes when predetermined events occur.
Steps S 1, S2, and S3: When the server 1 receives new presence information from any client 2 (S 1), the server 1 stores the information into the presence table 13 (S2). In addition, the server 1 identifies the user agent corresponding to the client 2 from the client table 10 and transmits the presence notification to the client 2 of the watcher of the user agent (S3).
Steps S 4 to S7: When the server 1 receives a buddy setting message from any client 2 (S4), the server 1 updates the buddy list 11 and the watcher table 12 (S5, S6). If no new buddy is added, it is unnecessary to update the watcher table 12. Subsequently, all the clients of the user agent corresponding to that client 2 are extracted from the client table 10, and the presence notification of buddies is transmitted to the extracted clients (S7). This presence notification may be either the above-described "notification of a new buddy" or "update notification of display attribute information".
Steps S 8 and S9: When the server 1 receives a reconnection request from any client 2 (S8), the server 1 reads out the presence information and the display attribute information of the buddies of the user agent corresponding to the client 2 from the buddy list 11. Subsequently, the presence notification is transmitted to the client of the original requester (S9).
Steps S 10 and S11: When the server 1 deletes a buddy of any given user agent (S10), the server 1 transmits a watching cancel message to the client 2 (S11). The destination of the transmission is all the clients corresponding to the user agent.
Steps S 12 and S13: When the server 1 carries out a presence notification of a user agent other then the buddies to the client 2 of any user agent (S12), the server 1 transmits a warning message (S13).
FIG. 15 is a flow-chart showing the flow of the process that is carried out when the client  2 receives a presence notification command "NOTIFY" from the server 1.
Steps S 21, S22, S23, and S24: When the client 2 receives a presence notification command (S21), the client judges whether or not a warning command is appended to the presence notification command (S22). If a warning command is appended, the client 2 may display a confirmation window (S23). This confirmation window accepts, from an operator, a selection of whether the owner of the presence information contained in the presence notification message may be set as a buddy or not (S24).
Steps S 25 and S26: When "set as a buddy" is selected in the foregoing step S24, the client 2 judges whether or not a cancel command is appended to the presence notification command (S25). If a cancel command is appended, the client 2 may delete the buddy whose notification is sent with the presence notification command, and the display of the presence information thereof (S26).
Steps S 27 and S28: The client 2 judges whether or not a notification of a new buddy has been made, or whether or not new presence information of any buddy has been made (S27). If a notification of a new buddy is made, the new buddy is displayed in the buddy list screen (S28).
Steps S 29, S30, and S31: When the display attribute information of the buddies is updated (S29), the client 2 updates the display format of the buddy list screen (S30). Thereafter, the presence information that has been sent together with the presence notification command is displayed in the buddy list screen (S31).
a buddy list-synchronizing step of judging whether or not a buddy is added in the buddy list-updating step, and if a buddy has been added, transmitting the presence information of the added buddy and the identifier of the buddy to at least one of the clients of the first user that is being connected to the presence administration device.
2. The presence administration method as set forth in claim 1, wherein, in the buddy list-synchronizing step, using a command for notifying of the presence information, attribute information related to any user contained in the group of users is transmitted to the clients of the first user that is being connected with the presence administration device.
the buddy list-synchronizing step judges whether or not the attribute information of any buddy has been set, and if the attribute information has been set, transmitting, together with the presence information of the buddy, the identifier of the buddy and the attribute information related to the buddy to all the clients operated by the first user.
4. The presence administration method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a first reconnection-detecting step of detecting a reconnection request from any of the clients of the first user, and transmitting the identifiers and the presence information of all the buddies of the first user to the client in response to the reconnection request.
the method further comprises a second reconnection-detecting step of detecting a reconnection request containing the last connected time from any client of the first user, and transmitting, to the client, the identifier and the presence information of a buddy among the buddies of the first user whose presence information has changed after the last connected time.
a watcher re-storing step of judging whether or not the first user has been deleted from the watcher list when any client of the first user connects with the presence administration device, and if it is judged that the first user has been deleted, rewriting the identifier of the first user as the watcher of the presence information of the buddies of the first user into the watcher list.
7. The presence administration method as set forth in claim 6, wherein the watcher re-storing step performs a confirmation, with each buddy, of whether or not the presence information is permitted to be distributed to the first user, and deleting the identifier of a buddy who does not give the permission from the buddy list of the first user.
8. The presence administration method as set forth in claim 1, wherein it is determined whether the identifier of at least one buddy is to be deleted from the buddy list of the first user, and if it is determined to be deleted, at least one of the clients of the first user that is being connected is notified of the identifier of the buddy to be deleted and a delete message that is in place of the presence information of the buddy.
9. The presence administration method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the buddy list-synchronizing step, prior to transmitting the presence information of a second user among the group of users to the clients of the first user, judges whether the identifier of the second user is contained in the buddy list of the first user, and if it is not contained, transmits a warning message in addition to the identifier and the presence information of the second user to at least one of the clients of the first user that is being connected with the presence administration device.
buddy list-synchronizing means for judging whether or not a buddy is added in the buddy list-updating means, and if a buddy has been added, transmitting the presence information of the added buddy and the identifier of the buddy to at least one of the clients of the first user that is being connected to the presence administration device.
a buddy list-updating step of displaying the presence information of the new buddy.
the buddy list-updating step updates a display related to any of the buddies and/or a display related to the presence information thereof based on the attribute information.
a buddy list-reacquiring step of, subsequent to the buddy list-displaying step, notifying the computer of the last connection time, and acquiring the identifier and the presence information of at least one of the buddies of the first user whose presence information has changed after the last connection time from the computer.
16. The presence-referencing method as set forth in claim 13, further comprising a buddy deleting-step of, subsequent to the buddy list-displaying step, receiving the identifier of a given buddy of the user and a delete message that is in place of the presence information of the one of the buddy from the computer, and erasing the display of the presence information of the buddy.
17. The presence-referencing method as set forth in claim 13, further comprising a warning-receiving step of receiving, from the computer, the presence information of a second user who is not the buddies of the user, the identifier of the second user, and a warning message.
18. The presence-referencing method as set forth in claim 17, further comprising a confirming step of, subsequent to the warning-receiving step, confirming with the first user whether or not the second user is to be added as a buddy.
buddy list-updating means for displaying the presence information of the new buddy.
a buddy list-setting step of accepting specifying of one or more identifiers of the buddies and/or setting of the attribute information related to the buddies, and transmitting the identifiers and the attribute information of the buddies to the computer.


This slow cooker has a 5 litre capacity and features cool touch side handles that allow you to safely lift and carry it with ease, a heat resistant transparent glass lid which seals in the flavours and the Variable Temperature Control feature which gives you full control over cooking temperatures to ensure perfect results every time. This cooker provides a slow cooking process which enhances flavour while being very power efficient and the removable ceramic crock can also be used as an attractive serving dish.
It is a good size slowcooker.
Works well and great value.
Very happy with this slow cooker which I bought on-line after the local Briscoes sold out. Delivered quickly and no charge! Had a different brand and much larger which finally gave up the ghost, but this one is far easier to handle. Great to put dinner on in the morning and be able to get on with stuff outside without having to stop to get dinner ready. Left a casserole on low all day with an awesome result. With winter coming it will be getting a lot of use!
absolutely great.i should have got one years ago.
We got ours on sale for an amazing price. Really happy with it. No issues with over cooking etc and we leave it on throughout the day. We mainly use ours over the weekend and reheat each day. The taste gets better each reheat as the flavours have more time to infuse. Sure the lid handle looks a little fragile..but I guess we'll just have to be a bit careful. Would recommend.
We love this slow cooker. Have had ours for 4.5years and has made delicious meals including roast chicken. Great purchase and good quality.
Looks good but food cooked at the recommended temperature and time overcooks. After 3 years of trial and error I have found that if I more than halve the time and cook on Warm and it is just right. NOT a Slow Cooker as I can't put food on to cook and leave for the day.


Scott Lang 3 weeks, 4 days ago.
I saw that an update of this app was made on March 7th. To make the update in my app should replace all the files? and if it is the case, do the changes of personalization, translation, etc. again?
Yes it will needed to do some added translation for new release.
Also you can use some version management system for your code. like git.


Immaculate home on almost 2 ac! New in 2019: paint in and out; water heater; HVAC; AND roof! Also includes tons of extras: 3 car garage AND workshop/man cave, bonus space for office/gameroom, PLUS outdoor kitchen w/ gas hookups, sink, granite counters, tons of cabinets. Interior boasts high ceilings, wood or tile in all social/wet areas, carpet in bedrooms. Open concept plan w/ chef's kitchen featuring 6burner cook top, 2ovens, prepping island, walk-in pantry, eating bar. Breakfast nook surrounded by bay windows overlooking lot. Oversized living room w/ gas log fireplace & built-in bookcases and accent beams. Finally a master oasis w/ his/hers vanities AND closets, jet tub, & massive closet.


text:
Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law (1971–1974)
Season: 1 2 3
Year: 1971 1972 1973 1974
S3, Ep1
A Lesson in Loving
Error: please try again.
Be the first one to add a plot.
Once a Lion
The Pool House
A young man is accused of killing his girlfriend. Owen discovers that the prosecution has what appears to be a damning piece of evidence, a note found in his school locker, saying that she didn't want to see him anymore, but he suspects that it's a fake and attacks it in court.
Sweet Harvest
N Is for Nightmare
A newly engaged couple in their 40's find their happiness short lived. Her teenage daughter is violated and killed with the fiance the chief suspect. Owen takes seemingly hopeless case when a Shakespearean quote changes the investigation.
The Camerons Are a Special Clan
A folk-rock singer, who comes from a family of prominent lawyers, is accused of pulling the plug on his terminally ill mother. The singer's father, a dear friend of Owen's, hires him to defend his son.
Poor Children of Eve
Attorney Owen Marshall agrees to defend a priest who's arrested for killing a girl he once dated. Marshall believes most of the evidence is circumstantial except for an eyewitness who declares she saw the accused at the scene of the crime.
The Sin of Susan Gentry
Child of Wednesday
S3, Ep10
Snatches of a Crazy Song
When Howell is found murdered evidence starts to point to his wife Kit. She hires Owen to defend her and he finds his job more difficult as Kit had recently discovered her husband was having an affair with a nightclub singer.
The Second Victim
Etude for a Kidnapper
A young hitchhiker, after accepting a ride, agrees to deliver a briefcase for the man. But the favor leads to the young man being charged with kidnapping and murder. It doesn't add up to Owen so he agrees to take the case.
House of Friends
Dr. Tannen, who runs a private clinic, is incensed when a young patient of his dies because a larger hospital wouldn't accept him, and publicly blames the other hospital for the boy's death. This makes him the defendant of a libel suit, for which he hires his friend Owen to defend him. Owen tries to get the doctor to retract his statements, but he steadfastly refuses, insisting on a trial, even though he's deathly ill himself and the strain could possibly kill him.
The Attacker
A Foreigner Among Us
A Killer with a Badge
Subject: The Sterlization of Judy Simpson
Judy Simpson learns she's scheduled for sterilization because of a minor mental handicap. She shows up at Marshall's office to find out what her legal options are to prevent the operation. Owen agrees to take the case.
The Break In
Owen agrees to represent a detective who shoot and kills a young man burglarizing a home. The officer is being sued for wrongful death and Marshall must devise a strategy for his acquittal.
I've Promised You a Father: Part 2
Marshall defends Marcus Welby's colleague Dr. Steve Kiley, whose ex-girlfriend's sister has filed a paternity suit against him.
To Keep and Bear Arms
The Desertion of Keith Ryder
An old friend of Owen's asks him to defend his son in a military court for charges of desertion and assault on a Non-Commissioned Officer.
The Ghost of Buzz Stevens
« Season 2 | Season 3
Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law (TV Series)
Kathleen Quinlan
4 Enjoyed/Appreciated TV

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This policy applies to BETA Fueling Systems.
we do business. We are committed to continuous improvement in our HSE performance.
our business in a manner whereby everyone returns home safely.
We will regularly monitor and report on our progress.
We will engage with our employees, our customers, our contractors and other stake holders to build relationships based on honesty, openness and mutual trust and share responsibility for meeting the goals of our HSE Policy.
We will identify and manage our HSE risks.
We will truly succeed when we achieve our health,safety, and environment goals and are valued by our customers and the communities in which we work.


A simple and elegant design featuring a dazzling diamante adornment at the centre of the cups. A matching adornment is also featured on one of the bra straps adding an extra bit of sparkle. Morgana is a timeless classic. Matching thong and suspender belt sold separately. Available in black.


Let's take a look at the artwork of Melissa Ann Lambert. Melissa creates amazing works of art in a variety of media, focusing on concepts as diverse as physics, psychology, mythology and geometry. The works she produces all seem to function as deep explorations of the self from a variety of angles.
I like seeing some of Melissa's self-portraits in her online portfolio – they are far from traditional portraits, and instead seem like glimpses into the artist's strangest dreams. Placing herself in this delirious landscape like a storybook character, Melissa explores her artwork in a very literal sense.
In our last look at her artwork, Melissa was exploring different and interesting approaches to digital art, as well as other media. Today her website is packed with examples of work of all kinds, from her signature digital style, to works on paper, to digitally manipulated photographs.


One of the things I like most about the holidays, aside from spending time with family, is anticipating what I'm going to cook. Sometimes I prepare traditional dishes, but I also like to try new recipes, or give a Latin twist to the classic dishes we love. For example, I might prepare a spicy appetizer, or a Latin-inspired dessert.
Last week I attended a wonderful event in Los Angeles, an event that not only allowed me to mingle and talk with friends, but also let me try some delicious dishes from the re-designed and re-launched Qué Rica Vida website. It was like Thanksgiving in September!
Seeing all those dishes gave me so many ideas and plenty of inspiration for my own holiday celebrations. I would like to share a few of those dishes with you in the hope that you, too, will be inspired to try new dishes for your family gatherings this holiday season.
The menu at the event included turkey, ham, cranberry & chipotle sauce, green bean casserole, chiles en nogada, queso fundido con salsa verde, roasted rosemary chicken with baby potatoes, pumpkin and guava empanadas, caramel sopapillas, chocoflan, coquito, broccoli, cream cheese and jalapeño pinwheels, to mention more than just a few.
Broccoli, cream cheese and jalapeño pinwheels. (Recipe below).
Que Rica Vida has a very special place in my kitchen. I have been cooking and developing recipes for the site for a number of years, and I absolutely love the new platform. It's a great resource if you're looking for recipes that are quick and easy, and, most importantly, that celebrate our own culture and uniqueness.
Cook the broccoli following the instructions on the package. I microwaved the bag for 7 minutes.
While broccoli cooks, finely chop the onions, jalapeño, and basil. Mix them with the cream cheese until well combined.
Remove broccoli from microwave, let sit for a minute. Open the bag carefully and chop the broccoli into small pieces. You'll only need 2/3 of the bag. Keep the rest refrigerated for later use.
Open one package of Pillsbury™ Crescents and extend it over a clean surface. Spread 1/2 the cream cheese mixture and top with the broccoli. Add salt and pepper. Roll up the dough, repeat.
Cover each roll in plastic and refrigerate for 15 minutes. This will make the rolls firmer and easier to cut.
After 15 minutes have passed, remove rolls from the fridge and cut 1-inch slices.
Bake pinwheels for 9-11 minutes or until lightly browned. Let sit for 1 minutes and serve.
I invite you to visit QueRicaVida.com both on your computer and your mobile device. You'll not only find yummy recipes, but also features like print-at-home coupons, in-store deal locators, and grocery card-linked offers! Three ways to save.
Siempre me sorprendes con tus exquisitas y variadas recetas. Gracias por compartirlas!


text:
Norwich es una ciudad ubicada en el condado de New London en el estado estadounidense de Connecticut. En el año 2008 tenía una población de 36,388 habitantes y una densidad poblacional de 499 personas por km².

Geografía
Norwich se encuentra ubicada en las coordenadas .

Demografía
Según la Oficina del Censo en 2000 los ingresos medios por hogar en la localidad eran de $39,181 y los ingresos medios por familia eran $49,155. Los hombres tenían unos ingresos medios de $34,880 frente a los $26,880 para las mujeres. La renta per cápita para la localidad era de $20,742. Alrededor del 11.5% de la población estaban por debajo del umbral de pobreza.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Ciudades de Connecticut
Localidades del condado de New London

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


How to Register on e-way bill portal as a Transporter (without GST)?
How to Register on e-way bill portal as a Transporter (with GST)?
Life in India was untroubled and tranquil this 2014. Until Mother Nature decided to curse herself with cruel, multiple cloudbursts and torrential downpours of such magnitude, that she left the banks of River Ganges and Yamuna swollen. With having ever semi-predictable monsoon patterns in India, this calamitic flood left thousands of Indians devastated in gnawing frustration and gloom.
With destructed beauty of the state Jammu and Kashmir, over innumerable death losses, thousands of homeless and food-less people spread about, the deluge just stung the prevailing happiness of Indians. But even in the darkest of times, emerged a ray of hope so immense called the Rahat Floods by Goonj and Winter On Wheels.
Rahat Floods by Goonj is a wonderful human welfare initiative which provides relief materials such as winter clothes, medicines, shelter equipment, and daily ration to resurrect the lives of disaster- tortured victims. This noble cause requires avoiding intermittent service and providing immediate distribution of all the necessities to acquire fast rehabilitation. Logisure –a very intelligent logistics transport system of city Jaipur, has played a major role in making all the activities agile. Logisure specializes in providing immediate delivery solutions along with its backbone network called UDAN – Urban Delivery Van Network, thereby maintaining traffic congestion and pollution levels in the city. It has been a grass-root agency in delivering faster service of relief materials efficiently in association with Goonj, to help flood-victims recover and get them back on their feet, for a better live ahead.
India has had a chain of disasters responsible for brewing up havoc and misery. The entire mankind has evacuated from their own abodes, wandering in search of safer and basic amenities. And that is when every cloud has a silver lining. Mr. Akram Feroz, along with several other social activists, gathered to form a nation-wide initiative, Winter On Wheels, to unite travellers for the noble cause of volunteering devotional help to deluge-struck people, by providing them winter material from all around India on a truck.
As said earlier, Winter On Wheels travels from city to city on a truck. One of their humble visits included the Pink City, Jaipur. For those who don't know, Jaipur is one of the busiest cities in India. All its lanes, roads and highways are eternally studded with vehicles and the similar kind, crossing all boundaries of congestion. Heavy trucks and loaded vehicles are stationed outside the city for convenience purposes. The enormity of such laboured-highways temporarily blocked Winter On Wheel's city initiative of collecting clothes, goods and other amenities from collaborated organizations, campaigns and several centres in the city. Logisure was notified about the obstacle to such a noble cause and rendered its devoted help to reach out to those necessary organizations in the city, to receive, transport and deliver the winter materials back to the Winter On Wheels, whose Main truck was banked outside the city. Logisure reduced the unnecessary transport of personal vehicles for the same activity, ensuring an easy flow of delivery, thereby allowing Winter On Wheel to concentrate on several of their other happening campaigns in the city.
No one can prepare you for a loss; it comes like a swift wind. This calamity has taken our nation into deep sorrows and we have our deepest condolences to the unfortunate ones. As a token of affection, Logisure has been in full-support to recondition the state of the ones in loss. It has sure served a generous service to noble causes with a methodical and time-saving approach. We shall see to it that ever and again, we shall stand for and look forward to any form of modest volunteering for the betterment of the society.


text:
A restrição à venda de antibióticos no Brasil foi uma medida tomada em função do aparecimento recente de bactérias super-resistentes aos antibióticos, bem como do processo de seleção bacteriana que vem acontecendo há décadas. Agora se torna mais difícil comprar esses medicamentos e os médicos devem ser mais criteriosos para prescrevê-los. Essa medida entrou em vigor com a Resolução RDC 44, de 26 de outubro de 2010, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). Não são vendidos sem receita médica.

Novas regras para a prescrição

São as seguintes as novas regras:
a prescrição médica deve ter duas via
o prazo de validade da prescrição é de dez dias;
a letra deve ser legível e não pode haver rasuras;
o nome científico ou o nome comercial da substância ativa deve ser escrito conforme a Denominação Comum Brasileira (DCB);
dosagem, forma farmacêutica (ex.:comprimidos, gotas), quantidade de caixas ou frascos e posologia devem ser claros;
nome do paciente;
nome e assinatura do médico;
número do CRM e CRO (médicos e dentistas)  e carimbo;
outros dados para identficar tanto o médico como quem compra o medicamento;
data, quantidade e número do lote do remédio no verso e sob responsabilidade da farmácia;
expressão "Venda sob prescrição médica - Só pode ser vendido com retenção da receita" na caixa ou no frasco;
data de emissão.

Essas regras foram especificadas pela Anvisa e o prazo para adaptação do mercado era de 180 dias.

O descumprimento leva a sanções civis, administrativas e penais.

Reações da sociedade

Entidades do setor médico e farmacêutico discordaram da nova política e marcaram um manifesto para o dia 29 de novembro. Segundo o  presidente da Federação Brasileira das Redes Associativistas de Farmácias, Edison Tamascia, o SUS não possui condições de seguir essas normas. Ainda conforme essa linha de pensamento:

Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, mais de 50 por cento dos antibióticos são prescritos de forma inadequada. Nos primeiros dias depois da resolução da Anvisa, as farmácias ainda não vendiam os antibióticos em duas vias. A Associação Brasileira de Comércio Farmacêutico pretendia ingressar com uma ação judicial para reverter a resolução, enquanto o presidente da Anvisa, Dirceu Raposo de Melo, questionou se a preocupação das farmácias seria a diminuição da venda de antibióticos. As entidades que protestaram afirmaram que existem outras formas de evitar a resistência bacteriana como higienização hospitalar e, no entanto, muitos hospitais sequer possuem comissões de controle de infecção hospitalar. Além disso, a restrição poderia criar um mercado paralelo de antibióticos

O Conselho Federal de Medicina apoiou as novas regras:

Os conselhos regionais de Medicina pretendiam divulgar as novas regras entre médicos e instruí-los para que prescrevessem antibióticos com mais cautela a fim de evitar a resistência bacteriana. Cada CRM enviaria a seus inscritos um e-mail com um comunicado sobre as novas regras da Anvisa. Em Porto Velho, sete farmácias foram autuadas por descumprirem a legislação e poderiam ser multadas em valores de  R$ 2 mil a R$1,5 milhão.

Em 2 de dezembro, o presidente do Sindicato dos Proprietários das Farmácias de Mato Grosso do Sul, Nelson Fraide Nunes, discursou na Assembleia Legislativa contra a restrição de venda, repetindo o argumento de que o excesso de rigor iria prejudicar os pacientes mais pobres e que moram nas pequenas cidades. Ele pediu a intervenção dos parlamentares e do Judiciário. Os antibióticos são 20 por cento dos produtos comercialzados nas farmácias.

Em 13 de abril de 2011, a Anvisa suspendeu o prazo para que as farmácias registrassem a venda de antibióticos no Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Produtos Controlados. A agência pretendia discutir melhor as regras mais rígidas. Além disso, discutia-se um projeto de lei que poderá permitir a venda de antibióticos sem prescrição médica, somente com orientação de farmacêutico lotado em farmácia. Seria uma medida para facilitar o acesso dos pacientes e válida para determinados medicamentos e como orientação inicial.

Lista de antibióticos controlados

Estes são os antimicrobianos sujeitos ao controle:

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1. Ácido clavulânico

2. Ácido fusídico

3. Ácido nalidíxico

4.  Ácido oxolínico

5. Ácido pipemídico

6. Amicacina

7. Amoxicilina

8. Ampicilina

9. Axetilcefuroxima

10. Azitromicina

11. Aztreonam

12. Bacitracina

13. Brodimoprima

14. Capreomicina

15. Carbenicilina

16. Cefaclor

17. Cefadroxil

18. Cefalexina

19. Cefalotina

20. Cefazolina

21. Cefepima

22. Cefodizima

23. Cefoperazona

24. Cefotaxima

25. Cefoxitina

26. Cefpodoxima

27. Cefpiroma

28. Cefprozil

29. Ceftadizima

30. Ceftriaxona

|

31. Cefuroxima

32. Ciprofloxacina

33. Claritromicina

34. Clindamicina

35. Clofazimina

36. Cloranfenicol

37. Cloxacilina

38. Daptomicina

39. Dapsona

40. Dicloxacilina

41. Difenilsulfona

42. Diidroestreptomicina

43. Diritromicina

44. Doripenem

45. Doxiciclina

46. Eritromicina

47. Ertapenem

48. Espectinomicina

49. Espiramicina

50. Estreptomicina

51. Etambutol

52. Etionamida

53. Fosfomicina

54. Ftalilsulfatiazol

55. Gatifloxacina

56. Gemifloxacino

57. Gentamicina

58. Imipenem

59. Isoniazida

60. Levofloxacina

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61. Linezolida

62. Limeciclina

63. Lincomicina

64. Lomefloxacina

65. Loracarbef

66. Mandelamina

67. Meropenem

68. Metampicilina

69. Metronidazol

70. Minociclina

71. Miocamicina

72. Moxifloxacino

73. Mupirocina

74. Neomicina

75. Netilmicina

76 Nitrofurantoína

77. Nitroxolina

78. Norfloxacina

79. Ofloxacina

80. Oxacilina

81. Oxitetraciclina

82. Pefloxacina

83. Penicilina G

84. Penicilina V

85. Piperacilina

86. Pirazinamida

87. Polimixina B

88. Pristinamicina

89. Protionamida

90. Retapamulina

|

91. Rifamicina

92. Rifampicina

93. Rifapentina

94. Rosoxacina

95. Roxitromicina

96. Sulbactam

97. Sulfadiazina

98. Sulfadoxina

99. Sulfaguanidina

100. Sulfamerazina

101. Sulfanilamida

102. Sulfametizol

103. Sulfametoxazol

104. Sulfametoxipiridazina

105. Sulfametoxipirimidina

106. Sulfatiazol

107. Sultamicilina

108. Tazobactam

109. Teicoplanina

110. Telitromicina

111. Tetraciclina

112. Tianfenicol

113. Ticarcilina

114. Tigeciclina

115. Tirotricina

116. Tobramicina

117. Trimetoprima

118. Trovafloxacina

119. Vancomicina

A lista original foi modificada em 2011.

Ligações externas

Sítio da Anvisa

Antibióticos


Valentine's Day is tomorrow and if you're still thinking about what to give the special person in your life, some research from You Give Omnibus, which calls itself a global online community, might help you decide.So what does their survey say that people say they would most like to receive on Valentine's Day?
For women, just over 30-percent of them say they'd like to get a card, while 28% say they're hoping for chocolates or sweets and 27% say they'd like flowers.Other gifts many women say they'd like are jewelry or a gift card for a massage or a day at the spa.
As for what men in this survey say they'd like for Valentines Day, it might surprise you that 41% of these guys they don't want to receive anything.
But when asked what they'd like to get if they got something, 16% of men say they would like a card or chocolates. Almost 10 percent of men say they'd like to get a bottle of wine or liquor to mark the occasion, while about the same amount say they'd like an electronic gift. Breakfast in bed (7%) was also a popular choice for the guys.


Chris' career arc has advanced into an expertise. Working with developers on large scale commercial real estate projects, he is adept at master planning and feasibility studies to quickly arrive at proof of concept, Chris also excels at translating these concepts into fruition: testing the formula and embracing the complexity of constructibility. He views large, intricate projects as analogous to a marathon runner: the external performance informed by a meticulously conscious tuned system working synergistically toward a singular goal, resulting in a solution that is specific to the owner's needs.
"Integrated design is the holistic process of solving a client's needs through systemic, coordinated, and comprehensive study that considers environment, materials, and human interaction."
This ability to conceive and consider the entire building, embrace accountability, and lead a culture of mutual respect in interdisciplinary teams contributes to Chris' track record of building relationships with patrons, not just clients.


text:
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Carlos Narino
Born in Bogota, Colombia, in 1956, Carlos Narino, a Beaux-Arts graduate, has lived and worked in France since 1985, the year in which he undertook the restoration of numerous paintings in museums and churches for the City of Paris. Winner of the Monte Carlo SBM prize for 2003, he has taken part in many exhibitions and contemporary art events in France. In 2006 he is preparing a major exhibition of his work to be held in Bogota in conjunction with the city's Museum of Modern Art.
In the work that you have painted for the Colas Foundation, the road is not the focal point of the landscape.
I'm always seeking to express atmosphere and olor rather than a precise shape. The road, although abstract, is absolutely vital – it is there as a link between heaven and earth. A simple patch of grey in the shadow, it gets gradually lighter and guides our view towards the light that is piercing through the center of the clouds. I feel good on this road. I'm in my favorite place, that of the passenger who looks at the sky, the landscape and the clouds.They are very big clouds but they're not threatening; they bring light rain that will no doubt be beneficial to the earth and behind them the sun will shine again.
The sky takes up a great deal of your paintings.
In my paintings there is always more sky than earth. There is a lot of landscape, but there is always sky. It is a limitless space in which the artist, with no scale of comparison possible, is free to express whatever he or she wants. We all like to look upwards, to rise up and lose ourselves in the sky and the clouds to dream.
What has being selected by the Colas Foundation meant to you ?
In personal terms it is a reward that is a prestigious honor. In terms of my work it is a form of public recognition that I value highly. In my own way I bring an extra light into the offices of the company, like a ray of sun that comes down from the sky. I like the idea that my work is traveling around different sites and that it will be seen from different angles.
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text:
Outdoor dining parklets in San Francisco at risk of being removed
Growing concerns that San Francisco outdoor dining parklets will go away
KTVU's Christien Kafton reports.
SAN FRANCISCO - Restaurants around San Francisco are working to protect their outdoor dining parklets after concerns that red tape could force some to be torn down.
The platforms are popular and diners seem to like them. San Francisco leaders said they're committed to doing what they can to make sure they stick around.
For many restaurants, the outdoor dining parklets are a lifeline. But, since they first popped up, the list of requirements for the platforms has gone from seven pages to a 60-page document.
Restaurant owners said they want to make sure the city doesn't start fining businesses that are not yet in compliance with those new standards. They hope the city grants enough time, until spring of 2023, for restaurants to make necessary changes.
"We need to say, 'Guys this is complicated legislation, this has lots of ramifications, there are multiple rules and regulations now. Can we give the businesses more time to find the money and help educate and try to do what's right,'" said Laurie Thomas from the Golden Gate Restaurant Association.
District 3 Supervisor Aaron Peskin, who represents North Beach, Chinatown, and Fisherman's Wharf said his district is "ground zero for restaurants and bars."
Peskin said restaurants have called his office to say they're getting notices of fines that aren't even included in the city's dining platform legislation. He said it all adds up to a headache for restaurant owners.
"Unfortunately the city bureaucracy has made that extremely difficult for restaurateurs who were still struggling, and still holding on. Frankly, it's been insulting, what they've had to go through. It's adding insult to injury," the supervisor said.
The city said restaurants will have until at least June of next year to make any modifications to the dining platforms.
At a pop-up shopping experience at City Hall, Mayor London Breed reaffirmed her commitment to getting rid of any red tape. She said she's working to make sure outdoor dining parklets stick around.
"We're here to work with the industry," said Breed. "My understanding is that about 10% of the parklets have some changes that need to be made. So we're going to do everything we can to work with them. And I think unfortunately the alarm has been set off and there's no reason for it."
The city said platforms that block fire access or prevent pedestrians from seeing traffic are among those that will need to be modified to make sure they're safe. After that city leaders said they need to work with restaurants to make sure small businesses can adapt to the new regulations and keep the platforms open for dining.
Elizabeth Holmes bought one-way ticket to Mexico after conviction
Young Thug RICO trial: Prosecutors say video appears to show 'drug deal' in courtroom
Landslide threatens neighborhood in Orinda, one home already taken downhill
49ers–Cowboys rivalry one for the ages
Revolving door of Oakland top cops showcases department's instability


text:
Q: Why does Rust fail to correctly infer the type? Why does this work fine:
let items = [1, 2, 3];
let mut cumulator = 0;

for next in items.iter() {
    cumulator += next;
}

println!("Final {}", cumulator);

But this fail?:
let items = [1, 2, 3];
let mut cumulator = 0;

for next in items.iter() {
    cumulator += next.pow(2);
}

println!("Final {}", cumulator);

Error on .pow(2):
no method named `pow` found for reference `&{integer}` in the current scope
method not found in `&{integer}`rustc (E0599)

My IDE identifies next as i32 and the first code example works fine. But the compiler has an issue the moment I reference next.pow() or any function on next . The compiler complains that next is an ambiguous integer type.
Sure, I can fix this by either explicitly declaring the array as i32[]. Or I can also use an interim variable before cumulator which is also explicitly declared i32. But these seem unnecessary and a bit clunky.
So why is compiler happy in the first case and not in the second?

A: Calling methods on objects is kind of funny, because it conveys zero information. That is, if I write
a + b

Then, even if Rust knows nothing about a and b, it can now assume that a is Add where the Rhs type is the type of b. We can refine the types and, hopefully, get more information down the road. Similarly, if I write foobar(), where foobar is a local variable, then Rust knows it has to be at least FnOnce.
However, if foo is a variable, and I write
foo.frobnicate()

Then Rust has no idea what to do with that. Is it an inherent impl on some type? Is it a trait function? It could be literally anything. If it's inherent, then it could even be in a module that we haven't imported, so we can't simply check everything that's in scope.
In your case, pow isn't even a trait function, it's actually several different functions. Even if it was a trait function, we couldn't say anything, because we don't, a priori, know which trait. So Rust sees next.pow(2) and bails out immediately, rather than trying to do something unexpected.
In your other case, Rust is able to infer the type. At the end of the function, all it knows about the type is that it's an {integer} on which Add is defined, and Rust has integer defaulting rules that kick in to turn that into i32, in the absence of any other information.
Could they have applied integer defaulting to next.pow(2)? Possibly, but I'm glad they didn't. Integers are already a special case in Rust (integers and floats are the only types with polymorphic literals), so minimizing the amount of special casing required by the compiler is, at least in my mind, a good thing. The defaulting rules kicked in in the first example because nothing caused it to bail out, and they would have in the second if it hadn't already encountered the bigger error condition of "calling an impl function on an unknown type".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Dams damaging the environment
Maha Raja Tareen
It's been a pure and simple symbiosis relationship; man's mind has managed manipulated and maneuvered flora and fauna around for personal gains since centuries.
Undoubtedly, the joyous journey of life is celebrated so wonderfully and splendidly on the soil of the sagacious Indus. Known as the Lion Fountain, stretching more than three thousand kilometers this enigma of life is born in the Tibetan Plateau.
Flowing from the world's highest region from the unfathomable Lake Manasarovar, pulsating peace in the troubled world of today, Indus is brought to life from the birth place of Buddha.
The powerfully propelling aqua of Indus flows North West through the Ladakh and Gilgit Bsltistan regions of Kashmir, tossing and turning its tumultuous waters passing near the Nanga Parbat, blessing the soil of our land of leal, moving to its final destination in the Arabian Sea.
Its quiet unfortunate that today sans the freshwater into the Indus, the coastal region of Pakistan is running dry, forcing the fifth-largest delta in the world to shrink.
Once energizing life and it's spirited water sprouting it's soil, today the situation is not the same as the inhabitants of the Indus delta which include the fishermen and the agriculturists are surrounded and hounded by nothing but somber suffocation as sans the release of freshwater into the Indus due to construction of dams, the Indus has lost its velocity. This volcano of life today just whispers its way silently shackled into the sea.
It's very alarming that today in the absence of fast flowing freshwater which could act as a bulwark and a shield stopping the sea and its opposing saline water intruding into the Indus delta today, the Indus and its delta are hauling under the heavy handedness of its inhabitants who are riding the high horses of reservoir construction as opposed to conservation of existing water resources.
Man with his material has tried to manage this mammoth magnanimous river through concrete structures such as the one we hold pride in having, the largest earth-filled dam in the world, the Tarbela Dam.
Another massive structure coming up is in the Kohistan region where the Hindukush Karakoram and Himalayan Mountain systems meet.
I hope and pray that dreams of a green Pakistan won't be buried under the colossal eight hundred feet tall concrete construction in our blind frenzy of taming the Indus and its habitat.
As an environmental lawyer, I hope our insatiable appetite won't devour the world famous leopard and western tragopan of Dasu.
Brought to life from Buddha's land, it seems that Indus since centuries is trying to extinguish the dukha, ameliorating the suffering of its children and its dwellers bringing to life the real life nirvana, emancipating its people from the three poison's of life; ignorance, attachment, and aversion.
Earth and its water are groaning under the gimmickry of mankind. We all know that dams hold back sediments that naturally replenish downstream ecosystems.
It's been proven as a fact that large dams have led to the extinction of not only aquatic species, but has led to the disappearance along with huge losses of forest foliage and wetlands and farmland, also erosion of coastal deltas.
Water efficiency and conservation are the most simple, proven, cost-effective, and immediate ways to secure new supply and should always be the first option apart from other conservation techniques such as reuse, groundwater recharge and re-operation of existing dams. These are some of the internationally known environmentally friendly concepts that have proven around the world for being far less expensive than building new dams.
Destiny of this dying delta can be by simple soul searching and adopting environment friendly water conservation techniques.


TL; DR: As the frequency of natural disasters increases — and the damage becomes more expensive — many business owners don't know how best to prepare for wildfires, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and other calamities Mother Nature has in store. That's why the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS) has dedicated its team of researchers to finding solutions that protect buildings and technology assets during severe weather events. The nonprofit research and communications organization helps businesses prepare and protect their facilities and datacenters to avoid losing untold assets to unpredictable disasters.
The US braved 16 natural disasters in 2017, each of which causing at least $1 billion in damage. Events as big as Hurricane Harvey, or as small as local wildfires, inflict major damage to many businesses — even causing some to permanently close their doors. That's why the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety provides guidance on what actions business owners can take to protect their assets.
The stakes can get much higher depending on the industry and purpose of a particular facility, according to Chuck.
Datacenters or businesses with on-premises infrastructure should concern themselves with more than the technical components of high-availability and disaster recovery. In addition to off-site cloud backups and redundant hardware, companies with IT facilities need to consider strengthening their buildings by constructing them or retrofitting them to higher construction standards.
IBHS publishes free, actionable information and guidance that business owners can use to prepare for catastrophes. The organization also operates a world-class research center in Richburg, South Carolina, where its researchers and meteorologists simulate disasters and assess construction standards that can enable a building to survive the worst imaginable weather.
Despite being aware of major disasters like Hurricane Harvey or the California wildfires, Chuck told us that many people and business owners don't think their organization will be affected by similar threats.
For example, wildfires aren't limited to California or the Great Plains. Increased development into uncultivated land makes every US state vulnerable, Chuck said, as water resources are diverted and landscaping may enable the fire to spread to more structures.
"The expansion of urban building into wildland areas has created vast spaces where wildfire is a real threat," Chuck said.
IBHS recommends every type of business, large and small, prepares a disaster plan to ensure a durable, resilient facility that can quickly recover from a major weather event.
Whether they're worried about fires or storms, business owners who understand the latest disaster preparedness research and plan accordingly can avoid losing the incredibly valuable assets at the core of their companies.
Most business owners probably feel out of their depth when trying to prepare for natural disasters. It's one thing to understand this quarter's profits, Chuck said, but they may not know how severe winds or floodwaters can affect the facility where those profits are counted.
As such, IBHS simplifies disaster preparations by breaking the process into two types of plans: business continuity and severe event response.
IBHS provides free planning toolkits — OFB-EZ and EZ-PREP — for businesses looking to prepare.
The organization's business continuity planning toolkit, OFB-EZ, helps business owners identify responsibilities to assign to their employees and resources to have available so the business can quickly reopen and resume operations. The EZ-PREP program concentrates on emergency preparedness and response planning as a severe weather event is approaching and after the storm has passed.
Although preparation and planning can make a huge difference when disaster strikes, the best way to avoid damaged facilities is to start from the ground up with a structure that's ready for the worst nature can muster. That's why IBHS created a voluntary construction standard called FORTIFIED Commercial™. The program features three tiers of designation — Bronze, Silver, and Gold — to help business owners determine the level of protection that best meets their budgetary restrictions and resiliency goals.
"These standards come out of our real-world science and engineering solutions designed at the IBHS Research Center," Chuck said.
The Bronze designation focuses on enhanced roof performance and construction, as roofs serve as a building's first line of defense.
"It's crucial to have a good roof cover and edge securement while taking care of any equipment that might be mounted on the roof," Chuck said.
The FORTIFIED standards encourage building resilient facilities, Vice President of Commercial Lines Chuck Miccolis said.
The Silver level adds requirements that address the building envelope, including walls, doors, and windows, along with electrical connections for backup power for critical utility systems and protection from flooding.
Buildings constructed to the Gold level add requirements that may be most relevant to datacenters. While you must meet the Bronze and Silver criteria, the Gold level also requires a continuous load path, which means tying the roof to the walls and to the foundation for the most stringent stability and structural resiliency. Additionally, Gold requires backup power for critical utilities to maintain critical functions of the building.
Because every building and business is different, owners must make unique preparations based on construction properties and location. IBHS offers a free Zip Code Tool on its website, which helps business owners understand the threats they're exposed to in the areas where their facilities are located.
IBHS uses its proprietary research to prepare business owners for increasingly common worst-case scenarios, whether they're helping business owners who want to be ready for the worst, giving useful information to procrastinators who are about to be hit with bad weather, or lending a helping hand after the event passes to organizations whose buildings have been damaged.


With the initial public offering market in the deep freeze in China, private equity firms have had to think again about their exit strategy.
But there are some warm spots in the market and Switzerland-based private equity firm Partners Group says it has found one of them.
The firm has been increasingly looking to buy investments in China private equity funds from existing investors, as well as stakes in private Chinese companies from private equity money managers, said Andreas Baumann, the firm's co-chief for Asian Pacific operations. Mr. Baumann told The Wall Street Journal that more of these secondary market opportunities are opening up as private equity investors look to get their money back from China investments that have yet to return cash.


45mm x 20mm horizontal cavity batten. Castellated for use with vertical cladding. FSC Certified. Treatment suitable for Magnum Board™, Timber , Aluminium and Coloursteel Cladding. The 20mm batten is fixed by the cladding fixings to horizontal supporting dwangs and set out at maximum 480 centres.


text:
<?php

/**
 * Class TodoListModule
 */
class TodoListModule extends Ab_Module {

    /**
     * @var TodoListModule
     */
    public static $instance = null;

    private $_manager = null;

    public function __construct(){
        // версия модуля
        $this->version = "0.1.3";

        // имя модуля
        $this->name = "todolist";

        $this->takelink = "todolist";

        $this->permission = new TodoListPermission($this);

        TodoListModule::$instance = $this;
    }

    /**
     * @return TodoListManager
     */
    public function GetManager(){
        if (is_null($this->_manager)){
            require_once 'includes/manager.php';
            $this->_manager = new TodoListManager($this);
        }
        return $this->_manager;
    }

    public function GetContentName(){
        return "";
    }

    public function Bos_IsMenu(){
        return true;
    }
}

class TodoListAction {
    const VIEW = 10;
    const WRITE = 30;
    const ADMIN = 50;
}

class TodoListPermission extends Ab_UserPermission {

    public function __construct(TodoListModule $module){
        $defRoles = array(
            new Ab_UserRole(TodoListAction::VIEW, Ab_UserGroup::REGISTERED),
            new Ab_UserRole(TodoListAction::VIEW, Ab_UserGroup::ADMIN),

            new Ab_UserRole(TodoListAction::WRITE, Ab_UserGroup::REGISTERED),
            new Ab_UserRole(TodoListAction::WRITE, Ab_UserGroup::ADMIN),

            new Ab_UserRole(TodoListAction::ADMIN, Ab_UserGroup::ADMIN),
        );

        parent::__construct($module, $defRoles);
    }

    public function GetRoles(){
        return array(
            TodoListAction::VIEW => $this->CheckAction(TodoListAction::VIEW),
            TodoListAction::WRITE => $this->CheckAction(TodoListAction::WRITE),
            TodoListAction::ADMIN => $this->CheckAction(TodoListAction::ADMIN)
        );
    }
}

Abricos::ModuleRegister(new TodoListModule());

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Did Kanye West Just Confess To Cheating On Kim Kardashian?
s_bukley/Shutterstock
By Amanda Lynne/Sept. 2, 2021 1:31 pm EST
Kim Kardashian and Kanye West's relationship has been making headlines for years. However, since the couple filed for divorce in February 2021, fans appear to be even more confused about what's going on with the pair. Kardashian was the first to file to end the marriage on February 19, per Cosmopolitan. The announcement came weeks after rumors that the couple's marriage was on the rocks. Sources told People at the time that Kardashian felt "disappointed" that her marriage was ending, and felt that West wasn't willing to work on their differences.
Months after their split, Kardashian and West were spotted spending time together with their four children, North, Saint, Chicago, and Psalm. In July 2021, the pair were together again when the "Keeping Up With The Kardashians" star supported her estranged husband at a listening event for his album titled "Donda." A few weeks later, West held another listening party and Kardashian was in attendance. This time, the KKW Beauty founder wore a white wedding dress as she and the rapper held a mock wedding ceremony on stage at the event.
Following the party, sources told Entertainment Tonight that West wants to get back together with Kardashian and is doing everything he can to get his family back. The insider added that Kardashian is "considering her options" and is "open" to finding out if she and West can work through their issues. However, one of those issues may be infidelity, as the rapper's new album seemingly hints that he was unfaithful to Kardashian during their marriage.
Kanye West's new album is raising eyebrows
John Shearer/Getty Images
According to Page Six, Kanye West may have just made a huge confession about his marriage to Kim Kardashian. In the song "Hurricane," which was released on his new album "Donda" earlier this month, West raps about being with another woman despite having two children. "Here I go actin' too rich / Here I go with a new chick / And I know what the truth is / Still playin' after two kids / It's a lot to digest when your life always movin'," the lyrics read.
The has prompted speculation that West may have been unfaithful to Kardashian after she gave birth to their oldest two children, North and Saint. Sources told the outlet that the track is a way for the rapper to take accountability for his mistakes during his marriage. "The song is in a way his testimony of everything he did wrong and taking accountability for their marriage breakdown," one insider shared.
Despite West's allegedly infidelity, he and Kardashian went on to welcome two more children, Chicago and Psalm, via a surrogate. The outlet revealed that it was the "Heartless" singer's infidelity and struggles with alcohol paired with his social media rants and strange presidential run that ultimately led to the couple's split. Meanwhile, Kardashian and West's divorce case is still open, per Us Weekly. Despite filing in February, no progress has been made on the divorce since April.


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