Given that patient safety measures are increasingly used for public reporting and pay-for performance, it is important for stakeholders to understand how to use these measures for improvement. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) are one particularly visible set of measures that are now used primarily for public reporting and pay-for-performance among both private sector and Veterans Health Administration (VA) hospitals. This trend generates a strong need for stakeholders to understand how to interpret and use the PSIs for quality improvement (QI). The goal of this study was to develop an educational program and tailor it to stakeholders' needs. In this paper, we share what we learned from this program development process.
Our study population included key VA stakeholders involved in reviewing performance reports and prioritizing and initiating quality/safety initiatives. A pre-program formative evaluation through telephone interviews and web-based surveys assessed stakeholders' educational needs/interests. Findings from the formative evaluation led to development and implementation of a cyberseminar-based program, which we tailored to stakeholders' needs/interests. A post-program survey evaluated program participants' perceptions about the PSI educational program.
Interview data confirmed that the concepts we had developed for the interviews could be used for the survey. Survey results informed us on what program delivery mode and content topics were of high interest. Six cyberseminars were developed—three of which focused on two content areas that were noted of greatest interest: learning how to use PSIs for monitoring trends and understanding how to interpret PSIs. We also used snapshots of VA PSI reports so that participants could directly apply learnings. Although initial interest in the program was high, actual attendance was low. However, post-program survey results indicated that perceptions about the program were positive.
Conducting a formative evaluation was a highly important process in program development. The useful information that we collected through the interviews and surveys allowed us to tailor the program to stakeholders' needs and interests. Our experiences, particularly with the formative evaluation process, yielded valuable lessons that can guide others when developing and implementing similar educational programs.
Patient safety measures are increasingly used for public reporting and pay-for-performance [1–3]. Implicit in this use of the measures is the assumption that it will drive improvement, which continues to be critical . Thus, it is important for the key stakeholders within organizations whose performance is being measured to understand and appropriately use some of these measures to identify, prioritize, and act on safety improvement opportunities [5–9]. One particularly visible set of measures in this domain is the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) [10, 11]. Originally developed for case finding activities and quality improvement (QI) [11, 12], the PSIs are now used primarily for public reporting and pay-for-performance among both private sector and Veterans Health Administration (VA) hospitals [1, 3, 13]. However, similar to other administrative data-based measures, PSIs can present particular challenges when being interpreted for QI purposes . Stakeholders with inadequate understanding of the PSIs may also be averse to working with them for QI [5–9].
Among the strategies that have been used to educate users and other stakeholders about the PSIs are the AHRQ Quality Indicators Toolkit , a modified version of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Virtual Breakthrough Series (IHI VBTS) , and AHRQ's podcasts/cyberseminars . Although the AHRQ Quality Indicators Toolkit and IHI VBTS have provided hospitals with an opportunity to learn about and implement PSI-related QI initiatives, these approaches can be very resource-intensive. On the other hand, similar to tele- and web-based training programs [17, 18], cyberseminars can be less resource intensive, and allow for widespread participation and dissemination of information to stakeholders [17, 18]. Evidence also suggests that cyberseminars can be a viable strategy for educating individals about clinical and research issues and findings [16, 18–20]. However, there is little empirical evidence as to the relative usefulness of these various strategies in facilitating stakeholder engagement and educating them about performance measures. To actively engage stakeholders in an educational program, it is important to tailor the program according to their needs and interests [21–23].
The present study was prompted by information within the VA that public reporting of VA PSI rates was imminent. Based on interviews with VA patient safety managers in a prior study , we knew that knowledge about the PSIs within the VA was both sparse and inconsistent. To address this gap, we obtained funding to develop an educational program that was tailored to stakeholders' needs and could potentially help them in learning more about the PSIs for QI. Our study's specific aims were to: 1) obtain VA stakeholders' input on their educational needs related to the PSIs; 2) develop and implement a PSI educational program tailored to stakeholders' needs; and 3) explore stakeholders' perceptions about the program. The purpose of this paper is to share what we learned about developing a quality indicators education program (specifically, the AHRQ PSIs) and tailoring it to stakeholders' needs and interests.
We conducted an implementation and evaluation study from 2011 to 2013. We began with a formative evaluation  involving telephone interviews and web-based surveys with stakeholders, which allowed us to learn more about their PSI educational needs and how the program should be tailored. Next, we developed and implemented a program based on the formative evaluation. Finally, we conducted a post-program evaluation to explore stakeholders' perceptions about the program. We received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the VA Boston Healthcare System (IRB #2563). Study participation was voluntary; we obtained informed consent from participants for each study aim.
Our overall study population consisted of key VA stakeholders at 132 VA acute-care hospitals nationwide who were involved in quality/safety initiatives: middle managers (Quality/Performance Improvement Managers/Officers, and Patient Safety Managers/Officers) and senior managers (Medical Center Directors, Chiefs of Staff, Nurse Executives/Associate Directors of Patient Care Services, Associate Directors).
Within the overall population, we anticipated higher levels of participation from the middle manager group than the senior managers, based on our prior work . The middle managers are most likely to be the initial recipients of performance reports, have a strong understanding of hospital safety and quality improvement programs and priorities, initiate improvement priorities based on performance reports, and be the first in line to provide training to other managers (senior, middle, and unit) within the organization about performance measures.
However, we did include senior managers because they are also key stakeholders: they are heavily involved in setting their organizations' improvement priorities and reviewing performance reports with the patient safety, quality, and performance improvement managers for their hospital. Thus, when developing the PSI educational program, it was also important to understand their needs on learning about the PSIs.
As a first step in the formative evaluation, we sought interviews with informants from eight of the 132 VA hospitals. We selected these sites based on their geographic diversity, variation in PSI rates, hospital size (number of Veterans served), and our knowledge about these facilities' QI activities within the VA. Within each of these sites, we recruited 16 potential informants from our middle manager stakeholder group—all either Patient Safety Managers or Quality/Performance Improvement Managers—for the reasons described above, as hospital-level content experts on PSI-related learning needs at their facilities.
We developed an interview guide based on our experience from a prior PSI study and a literature review [24, 26–28]. This guide covered four a priori concepts: education about performance measures ("performance measure education"), education about the PSIs ("PSI education"), knowledge about the PSIs ("PSI knowledge"), and prioritization of improvement efforts within the organization ("improvement prioritization"). Additional file 1 provides the interview guide that we developed and used for the telephone interviews. We sought to obtain a general understanding of potential PSI educational needs and to assess whether similar a priori concepts should inform the survey questionnaire. Using the detailed notes taken during the 30-min telephone interviews, we summarized informants' answers and conducted a rapid content analysis to identify evidence related to the a priori concepts and to identify emergent themes that would then guide development of the survey [29, 30].
Using the findings from the interviews, we developed a pre-program web-based survey that we then administered to all key VA stakeholders (described in the study population section above). The survey consisted of 56 closed-ended questions covering the a priori concepts plus the additional concepts that emerged from the data analysis of the interview guides as well as an additional literature review on organizational improvement . Concepts included: awareness of performance reporting ("performance reporting"), stakeholders' current/planned use of the PSIs ("PSI use"), and facilitators/barriers to PSI use and QI activities ("facilitators/barriers"). Response options included a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) and yes/no. In addition, there were five open-ended questions where respondents could elaborate upon some of their answers. Additional file 2 provides the pre-program web-based survey that we administered to all key VA stakeholders.
The web-based survey was programmed and administered using Verint® Enterprise Feedback Management, a VA-approved software package that is widely used for survey development and administration. We used descriptive statistics to characterize our study sample and their responses to the survey questions, and qualitatively analyzed the open-ended responses to identify prevalent themes across respondents.
Program development was informed by the formative evaluation survey results. It was also informed by a review of existing patient safety/quality educational materials from organizations including VA Health Services Research and Development's Center for Information Dissemination and Education Resources (CIDER), AHRQ, and IHI [14, 16, 20, 32, 33]. Once our PSI educational program was developed, we emailed all the VA stakeholders who had responded to the survey and invited them to participate in the educational program. We implemented the program over a four-month period (December 2012–March 2013).
To learn about stakeholders' perceptions of the program, a post-program evaluation survey was administered approximately 1 month after the PSI education program ended. This survey, consisting of 90 closed-ended questions and 12 open-ended questions, was administered to those VA stakeholders who had both (1) responded to the pre-program survey and (2) registered for the educational program. Response options were either a five-point Likert scale that ranged from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree, or yes/no. Additional file 3 provides the post-program web-based survey that we administered to stakeholders.
We used similar survey administration processes and data analyses for both the pre-program and post-program surveys. In addition, we matched the pre- and post-responses of individuals that participated in both surveys. Our analyses included comparison of pre- and post-program survey responses for the same 7 questions that appeared on both surveys.
Obtain VA stakeholders' input on their educational needs related to the PSIs.
Some informants had heard about the PSIs at meetings held by national VA quality and safety offices, whereas other informants had not heard about the PSIs and were not aware that PSI rates were in reports that they received.
Some were unclear on how to interpret PSIs.
While some had received education on other performance measures from national VA offices, most reported that they had not received any formal education on the PSIs.
Informants suggested ways they would like the PSI education to be delivered, such as web-based training and information placed on a VA SharePoint.
Informants suggested making the educational program more relevant to the audience we were trying to educate and also more interactive.
Informants believed that improvement priorities can be heavily driven by a hospital's performance on quality/safety measures.
Informants felt that improvement priorities are largely set by senior management according to internal hospital priorities; however, they can also be set according to mandates from the VA National and Regional Offices.
Table 1 provides additional examples of the concepts, interview questions, and survey questions that were developed based on the interviews.
Have you heard of the PSIs prior to this interview? → I am aware of the PSIs.
Have you ever received a report that contains the PSI rates? → I currently receive reports containing rates for selected PSIs from Inpatient Evaluation Center (IPEC).
Have you received any education about the PSIs? → I have received education about the PSIs from VA Central Office [e.g., Inpatient Evaluation Center (IPEC), National Center for Patient Safety (NCPS)].
If you were to receive education on the PSIs, how would you like it to be delivered? → I would prefer to learn about the PSIs through: web conferencing, video conferencing, reports or journal articles, written case studies, video/audio materials (e.g., links to pre-recorded materials), face-to-face conference, Q&A sessions (e.g., via teleconference).
Are priorities within your organization set in response to VACO or VISN mandates? → Patient safety/quality priorities for my facility are set mostly in response to: VACO mandates, VISN mandates, within the facility.
Are priorities driven by performance measures vs. driven by other indicators (e.g., adverse events that occur, employee concerns, strategic planning, etc.)? → Patient safety/quality priorities at my facility are mostly driven by VACO performance measures. → Patient safety/quality priorities at my facility are mostly driven by other factors: adverse events that have occurred, employee concerns, strategic planning, press/media/public relations.
We administered the pre-program survey to 782 VA stakeholders at 94 out of the 132 VA hospitals (71%); 181 (23%) responded. Table 2 shows the range of positions of these survey respondents. A majority of the respondents were Quality/Performance Improvement Managers/Officers and Patient Safety Managers/Officers. The surveys were helpful in informing us as to whether stakeholders understood the PSIs in the reports they received, and what their educational needs were related to the PSIs.
The majority of respondents indicated that they were aware of the PSIs and had received reports containing PSI rates (91% and 73%, respectively), yet their understanding of how rates were calculated and interpreted was considerably lower (21% and 35%, respectively). Almost 50% of respondents reported having received education about the PSIs from VA Central Office. They were most interested in receiving the education via web-conferencing (e.g., LiveMeeting) (84%); education about the PSIs through written materials was of least interest. Respondents' top two PSI-related educational interests were in monitoring trends in patient safety/quality (93%) and interpreting PSI rates (92%), although many of the other content areas also appeared to be of interest(> 80% of respondents answered yes to learning more about how to use the PSIs for case finding and QI, and research related to the PSIs). Figures 1, 2, and 3 provide additional details about survey responses for "PSI Knowledge," "PSI Education" (delivery mode), and "PSI Education" (content areas), respectively.
In addition, we learned more about whether survey respondents perceived the PSIs as an organizational priority and what factors might be barriers to using the PSIs for QI. As shown in Fig. 4 (survey responses about "Improvement Prioritization" and "PSI Use"), while respondents agreed that the PSIs fit within the quality/patient safety goals of the VA (86%), were a valuable quality/safety measure (71%), and time would be devoted to improve rates (70%), there was less agreement on whether the PSIs were a current priority (57%) and would be an improvement priority at their hospital in the future (64%). In the open-ended response section, respondents most frequently noted the following as barriers to adopting the PSIs for patient safety/quality improvement initiatives: lack of training on the PSIs, lack of understanding and knowledge about the PSI data, lack of timeliness of VA performance reports (e.g., not real-time), and having too many measures and too much data to manage.
Develop and implement a PSI educational program based on stakeholders' input.
We offered six cyberseminar sessions via LiveMeeting (a web-conferencing platform used throughout the VA) because survey respondents preferred this mode. Each session was 45 min and was offered once. On average, nine participants attended each of the cyberseminar sessions. A majority of cyberseminar participants were from our middle manager stakeholder group.
In addition, by offering the program as cyberseminars, we were able to easily record and archive the sessions on the program's SharePoint site so that stakeholders who were unable to attend the live cyberseminars, or who wanted to revisit the sessions, could readily access them. (Recordings can be made available upon request from the corresponding author.) This allowed us to tailor the program based on stakeholders' input from the interview.
To make the sessions more interactive, the cyberseminars were conducted in an interview format, similar to the style that AHRQ uses in its podcasts about the Quality Indicators and Toolkit, with a moderator interviewing a speaker. Cyberseminar speakers were study team members with extensive knowledge about the topic presented, or representatives from our VA national partners' offices [VA National Center for Patient Safety (NCPS) and VA Inpatient Evaluation Center (IPEC)]. Using LiveMeeting also facilitated an interactive platform, as it allowed participants to ask questions at any time during the presentation and receive answers directly from the speakers at that time.
We integrated snapshots of the VA's PSI report into our cyberseminars so that participants could directly apply what they learned from our program because survey respondents indicated that they were interested in learning how to use the PSIs, and interview informants suggested making the education more relevant to participants.
Cyberseminar session topics and content corresponded to survey respondents' expressed needs and interests. For example, because respondents indicated that they did not understand how to interpret the PSI rates in reports, we developed two sessions substantially devoted to this (Session 2: The PSIs and Your Facility's Report; Session 3: How to Interpret PSI Rates). These sessions also focused on two of the three content areas that were of most interest to survey respondents (how to interpret PSI rates and specific definitions of selected PSIs). Table 3 provides additional information about content areas of interest as indicated by survey respondents, each cyberseminar session, topic, and outline of content covered.
We also developed educational materials to complement what participants were learning in the cyberseminars: 1) an informational sheet, "Interpreting the AHRQ PSIs: A Basic Overview," which was to be used, along with the cyberseminars, as a tool to help in interpreting and understanding the PSIs, as provided in Additional files 4 and 2) a matrix that highlighted information on each session and provided a list of materials referenced in each session for ease of access to materials, as provided in Additional file 5.
Explore stakeholders' perceptions about the program.
Thirteen out of the 82 stakeholders who had registered to attend the cyberseminars responded to both the pre- and post-program surveys. In general, respondents' answers between pre- and post-program survey questions reflected positive changes for "PSI knowledge," although changes were somewhat negative for "PSI use." Table 4 provides the findings of those 7 items that were asked in both the pre- and post-program surveys. For example, we found that for the two questions about "PSI Knowledge" (I understand how to interpret the PSI rates contained in the reports; and I understand how PSI rates are calculated in the reports), survey respondents perceived that they better understood how to interpret and understand the PSI rates after our program, as noted by the positive changes between pre- and post-program surveys.
I have received education about the PSIs from VA Central Office (e.g., IPEC, NCPS).
I understand how the PSI rates are calculated in reports.
I understand how to interpret the PSI rates contained in reports.
My facility has established reducing PSI rates as a priority.
The PSIs are a valuable quality/patient safety measure.
The PSIs will be a QI priority in my facility over the next year.
I plan to devote time over the next year to improve my facility's PSI rates.
Overall, survey respondents had positive perceptions of the PSI educational program. A majority of respondents agreed/strongly agreed that the sessions were useful (73%), were satisfied with what they learned (64%), and would recommend this program to their staff/colleagues (82%). Sessions 2 ("The PSIs and Your Facility's Reports") and 3 ("How to Interpret PSI Rates") contributed most to respondents' learning about the PSIs.
Respondents noted several factors in the open-ended questions that contributed the most to their learning about the PSIs, including: the program's structure (e.g., LiveMeeting, archived/recorded sessions on study SharePoint site to access on their own time, availability of archived handouts) and content (e.g., clear, concise, and then applied examples, how VA obtains the data to calculate the PSI rates, what the PSIs measure and their limitations). Respondents noted that PSI data validity concerns were a barrier to using the PSIs for QI at their hospitals (e.g., coding issues and clinical staff will not "believe the PSI rates").
We conducted this implementation and evaluation study with the goal of developing an educational program that was tailored to stakeholders' needs. Ultimately, we hoped that our educational program would help VA stakeholders learn more about how to interpret and use the PSIs for QI. Our experiences in developing, implementing, and evaluating a PSI educational program yielded several valuable lessons.
First, consistent with the literature [21–23, 25, 34–36], we found that stakeholder input was highly useful for program development, emphasizing the importance of conducting a formative evaluation with the key stakeholders involved in the specific activities to which the program is most relevant. Through our formative evaluation, we engaged stakeholders in the development process, and built and tailored a program based on their needs and interests. Interviews with a small sample of hospital-level content experts were adequate to provide us with a general awareness of the potential needs and preferences of the larger stakeholder population. This helped us set the scope of the stakeholder survey in a way that yielded very informative results.
Second, the formative evaluation enabled us to tailor the program to stakeholders' needs and preferences. In particular, the formative evaluation influenced two key components of our educational program: the content areas for the cyberseminars and the mechanism by which the content should be delivered. Although the impact of the program was limited by a low participation rate, our post-program survey results showed that those respondents who did participate expressed positive perceptions of what they had learned from the program.
Third, we learned that the timing of program implementation can be critical for success. When we began the study, we had anticipated that public reporting of VA PSI rates was imminent. However, as we moved forward with implementation, public reporting of VA PSI rates was postponed. Similar to what we found, prior studies show that hospitals' responses to public reporting of performance measures may differ depending on hospitals' perceptions of the need to improve on a given measure [7–9]. Public reporting of a performance measure may provide the urgency and impetus for a hospital to act on reports of poor performance [7–9]. In our study, postponement of public reporting of the PSIs apparently mitigated this sense of urgency as well as impetus for hospitals to seek active guidance on ways to improve PSI rates. This shift in timing may partly explain why attendance at our cyberseminars and response rates to our post-program surveys were relatively low, despite the initial high interest in our program. This may also explain why survey respondents' perceptions about PSI use may have changed. Given that, as this is written, we are seeing increased interest in PSIs due to reporting on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Hospital Compare and the VA Strategic Analytics for Improvement Learning (SAIL), we presume that VA stakeholders would now be much more receptive to education on how to interpret and use the PSIs. Our study emphasizes the importance of aligning program implementation with organizational priorities to ensure proper timing, active engagement by stakeholders, and stronger buy-in from key leadership.
Fourth, this study adds to the limited empirical evidence in the literature about the most useful strategies on how to educate stakeholders about the PSIs. Respondents preferred to obtain PSI education through web-based meetings (e.g., cyberseminars). Consistent with the literature, we also learned that cyberseminars were relatively easy to implement, could be used to widely disseminate information, and appeared to be less resource-intensive than other options . Our findings suggest that cyberseminars can, indeed, be a suitable strategy to educate stakeholders about the PSIs as well as other performance measures.
Our study has some limitations. As mentioned in the discussion above, although the program was developed through stakeholder input and initial interest in our PSI education program was high, actual attendance at our cyberseminar sessions was low. The response rate for our post-program survey was also low, potentially due to the timing of PSI reporting. In addition, although we intended the pre- and post-program surveys to take less than 20 min to complete, some respondents may have found the length of the surveys to be somewhat burdensome; thus, this may have impacted the response rate. Finally, while the U.S. is seeing growth in large integrated healthcare delivery systems that resemble the VA in some respects, there are, of course, organizational differences between the VA and those private sector systems.
However, our study had strengths worth highlighting. A major strength of the study is that we engaged stakeholders in developing the cyberseminars within a national healthcare system through interviews and surveys. As we learned from this study, while there are challenges in developing and implementing programs within a national healthcare system, the lessons learned allowed us to gain a better understanding of how different strategies can be useful for disseminating information about quality and safety measures and helping stakeholders to effectively use these measures. Despite the small sample size at the end, the PSI educational program was developed through wider stakeholder input, and had initial interest from numerous stakeholders. In addition, although our study findings are within the context of the VA setting and are focused on the PSIs (one performance measure), we have attempted to present the lessons learned in this study in ways that facilitate their application to other health care settings, other program (tool, strategy, intervention) development and implementation efforts, and other performance measures.
Although this study focused on the AHRQ PSIs, our experiences yielded valuable lessons that others should consider when developing and implementing programs. Timing of implementation and alignment with organizational priorities are important elements for successful engagement of stakeholders in program development and implementation. However, we learned that one of the most critical elements of program development is the formative evaluation process, which we conducted through interviews and surveys. While the interviews provided us with an opportunity to engage with and get feedback from a smaller group of VA stakeholders (which helped to guide our development of the survey and gave us initial insight into educational needs), the pre-program survey allowed us to gather information more broadly across a range of VA stakeholders. Ultimately, through the formative evaluation process, we developed and implemented a PSI educational program that was tailored to stakeholders' needs and interests by triangulating the information gathered from both methods.
The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States government. We are grateful for the strong participation, guidance, and support in this study and would like to thank the following individuals and groups: Participants of this study, national partners and speakers from VA National Center for Patient Safety and VA Inpatient Evaluation Center, Whitney Rudin and Melissa Afable (research coordinators), VA Center for Information Dissemination and Education Resources (CIDER), colleagues at CHOIR for manuscript review (Qi Chen, Judy George, Bo Kim, Barbara Lerner, Nathalie McIntosh, Christopher Miller, Hillary Mull, Jennifer Sullivan), and Siena Easley (administrative assistance).
The work reported in this article was funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development, Quality Enhancement Research Initiative as a Rapid Response Project #11–022 (Principal Investigator: Marlena H. Shin, JD, MPH).
MHS, PR, MS, AB, LZ and AK made substantial contributions to the conception of the study. MHS, PR, MS, AB, LZ and AK made substantial contributions to the design of the study. MHS, PR, MS, EY, KS and AK interpreted and analyzed the data. MHS, PR, MS, AB and AK made substantial contributions to the writing of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
We received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the VA Boston Healthcare System (IRB #2563). Study participation was voluntary and we obtained informed consent from participants for each phase of the study. The VA Boston IRB approved a waiver of documented informed consent for participation in the telephone interviews, web-based surveys, and educational program. Thus, participants provided us with verbal consent for the telephone interviews, consent through an opt-in link embedded in an email for the web-based surveys, and consent through an opt-in link embedded in an email for the educational program.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Hospital Compare. https://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare. Accessed Jan 2018.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Hospital-acquired condition reduction program (HACRP). https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/AcuteInpatientPPS/HAC-Reduction-Program.html. Accessed Jan 2018.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Overview of hospital value-based purchasing (VBP). http://www.qualityreportingcenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/VBP_20160223_QATranscript_vFINAL508.pdf. Accessed Jan 2018.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Patient Safety Indicators overview. http://qualityindicators.ahrq.gov/Modules/psi_overview.aspx. Accessed Jan 2018.
Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration. SAIL: Strategic Analytics for Improvement and Learning Value Model. http://www.va.gov/QUALITYOFCARE/measure-up/Strategic_Analytics_for_Improvement_and_Learning_SAIL.asp. Accessed Jan 2018.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Quality Indicators Toolkit. http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/systems/hospital/qitoolkit/index.html. Accessed Jan 2018.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Webinar on AHRQ Quality Indicators Toolkit for hospitals. https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/systems/hospital/qitoolkit/webinar080116/index.html. Accessed Jan 2018.
Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration. Center for Information Dissemination and Education Resources: Cyberseminars. http://www.cider.research.va.gov/cyberseminars.cfm. Accessed Jan 2018.
Hamilton AB, Brunner J, Cain C, Chuang E, Luger TM, Canelo I, et al. Engaging multilevel stakeholders in an implementation trial of evidence-based quality improvement in VA women's health primary care. Transl Behav Med. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-017-0501-5.
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What is the Public Relations Society of America?
Research And Advocacy
How Much Does It Cost To Join PRSSA?
What Are The 4 Types Of PR?
What Specialties Are In Public Relations?
The PRSA is the largest national professional association in communications with a mission to 'smart, better equipped and better connected communication professionals across all phases of their careers'." PRSA Public Relations Society of the America. Their membership comprises over 30 thousand communications professionals from all industrial sectors across the country as well as university students who include the American Public Relations Student Society (PRSSA). Find resources, career development, and information about membership. For additional information on the CSU chapter.
Introduction to the MBA initiative with Public Relations Society of America PRSA
As a 501 non-profit organisation, PRSA is organized and regulated by a set of legislation. A chair shall be appointed annually and chosen on the basis of a vote by the Assembly. The Assembly of Leadership is made up of one delegate from every 100 members and everyone holding an elected position. Elected posts are held on a voluntary basis within the PRSA system. A board of directors can recommend amendments to the membership fee that the assembly must approve. The Board is responsible for creating or dissolving task forces and committees and for revocating or rewarding the status of membership. Recommendations on the Code of Conduct and accreditation programs are given to the Board and Professional Standards of PRSA and Universal Accreditation. PRSA has over 100 chapters, approximately 375 chapters for students and 14 interest groups in 10 districts.
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The power of the PRSA had since the 1970s been constrained to sitting in the national group assembly and seeking to elect persons with APR certification to the national board. In 2004, the assembly requirement was decreased, but membership of those who sought the board was preserved. In 2010, a rebellion led by Richard Edelman and a group named themselves "Democratic PRSA Committee" campaigned for the dismantling of the restriction. In the same year's session of the assembly, the attempt to reverse the rule was unsuccessful. The proposal to change the regulations of the society so that non-accredited professionals might run for offices in PRSA was overthrown in 2003, but the motion was passed the next year.
PRSA members have access to a set of tools to promote career development. PRSA is an accreditation programme, called APR, which analyzes PR-experts in four categories: research, planning, implementation and evaluation, in a UAB (Universal Accreditation Board) which provides accreditation for the accreditation program called APR.
Accreditation is normally provided in writing and oral examinations to candidates with five to seven years of experience. Roughly 20% of the members of PRSA are accredited. Applying four components: study, plan, execution and assessment, PRSA sponsors the Anvil awards. The Anvil of Gold is given to people. For strategy and Bronze for tactic, Silver Anvil is given. It also honors Grand Gold Pick and the Year's Rookie, Lifetime Achievement and the year's PR.
The Public Relations Society of America and the Journalism and Mass Communication Association commissioned study in 1975 and 1987 on the state of education public relations. They observed that educators with little or no field experience taught too many classes and that most did not have a postgraduate degree.
The studies have established a number of criteria in education, including the fact that 75% of the course work is not available for PR professionals. In 1991, PRSA sponsored a task force on public relations structure and role, which revealed a dearth of practical experience for public relations lecturers.
Students are required to pay national dues for PRSSA members once every calendar year. National dues amount to $55, and the additional fees for chapters.
For each member of your chapter, PRSSA Headquarters will collect both chapters (as applicable) and national dues by guiding your members online to pay, register and renew.
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News Holcim commits to 40% sustainable financing by 2024
Holcim commits to 40% sustainable financing by 2024
Written by Global Cement staff 10 November 2021
Switzerland: Holcim says it wants to reach at least 40% of sustainable financing by 2024. It intends to put climate action, water preservation and safety at the heart of its strategy to do this. The company has linked this commitment with the completion of two new sustainability-linked financing transactions worth above Euro2.8bn. It has also joined the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) Chief Financial Officers (CFO) Taskforce alongside 60 companies representing a combined US$1.7Tn in market capitalisation. The UNGC CFO Taskforce aligns members' finance strategies with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
Holcim's CFO Géraldine Picaud said, "Sustainability is at the core of what we do. That's why we set ourselves some of the most ambitious goals in our industry. Walking the talk, we are putting climate, water and safety at the heart of our financing strategy. To make a bigger impact, I am delighted to be a member of the UNGC CFO Taskforce to move this agenda forward with my peers."
In August 2021, Holcim refinanced a Euro3bn syndicated credit line linking it to climate and safety in line with the UN SDGs. The cost of the credit facility will depend on the company's achievement of its annual targets in these areas. In September 2021, Holcim placed a new 10-year US$100m sustainability-linked bond, based on its 2030 CO2 reduction target. This issue represents its first private placement of a US Dollar medium-term note linked to climate action. The investor will be entitled to a higher coupon should the company not meet its climate objective. These actions follow the company's Euro850m sustainability-linked bond issued in November 2020.
Market report forecasts potential Euro1.5bn in carbon costs for European cement plants in 2022
Fives FCB details upgrade plans for SOCOCIM Industries' Rufisque cement plant
Holcim issues sustainability-linked bonds
Lafarge France commissions new kiln line at Martres cement plant
Buzzi Unicem and Italgas to develop power to gas plants


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text:
For boaters, diners, former Niagara River Yacht Club site gets set for resurrection
Restaurant operators are Carol Tallichet and sister.
By Nancy A. Fischer|Published Sat, Jun 8, 2013
NORTH TONAWANDA – The former Niagara River Yacht Club is coming back to life, just in time for the summer boating – and outdoor eating – season.
Cranes are still in place at what is now being called Gratwick Riverside Marina. And on a warm, sunny day last week, workers were carrying in tables, with a little help from Common Council President Richard L. Andres Jr.
The mood along the riverfront was effervescent as the final touches were being added at the marina and the new LumberJack's Patio Grill, a two-year, $1.78 million project, funded by federal grants, Niagara River Greenway, and city and private sources.
LumberJack's is expected to open in two weeks. The seasonal restaurant – planned for May-to-October operation annually – will have a bar for draft beer and serve simple summer fare and ice cream. The restaurant will seat about 50 inside and have a large deck on the river accommodating 100, as well as a fire pit along the river's edge, to enjoy the pleasant weather.
The city acquired the old Niagara River Yacht Club seven years ago.
It had been left vacant and gone into disrepair, stripped of copper by thieves. It was unsightly and dangerous. But one woman had a vision.
Carol M. Tallichet grew up in North Tonawanda and graduated from North Tonawanda High School but left the area to marry David C. Tallichet Jr., founder of Specialty Restaurants Corp., which opened more than 100 restaurants throughout the nation, including the upscale Templeton Landing on Buffalo's waterfront.
After his death in 2007, Carol Tallichet, who had been living in California, came back to spend the summers in her hometown. Her new house was on the Niagara River.
"I have a lot of friends and family back here, and it is truly a home for me," Tallichet said. "I have such fond memories of growing up here. It's such a tightknit community."
Her house was 5 minutes away from the marina, and she drove by the building every day. The "for sale" sign caught her eye.
"I thought what a dynamite location," she said, but friends and family members tried to dissuade her.
"They said, 'You have a perfect life. Why do you want to do this?' " she said. She even had her own doubts, she acknowledges.
"I thought I was retired," she says with a laugh. "But I passed this place 10 times a day, and I thought, 'What a site. What a site!' "
Both Tallichet and her sister, Christy Vukelic, a manager at Templeton Landing, will operate LumberJack's. The two of them grew up in North Tonawanda, and Vukelic said she is excited to be working with her sister. The last time they worked together, Vukelic noted, was as secretaries at Union Carbide when they were both very young.
Tallichet, a major stockholder in Specialty Restaurants, said she invested her own money, approximately $500,000, to upgrade the former yacht club. The city continues to retain ownership and will be Tallichet's landlord.
"I am leasing from them and have a five-year lease with three five-year options," Tallichet said.
The city has a concessionaire's agreement with Tallichet, which allows the city to retain a percentage of LumberJack's gross sales and boating slip rentals. The model for the agreement is similar to a private restaurant that operates on a city golf course, said Mayor Robert G. Ortt.
The building was gutted in the renovation, from the roof to the gray-blue siding, to the new deck along the river. Tallichet said Specialty Restaurants gave her major support through the renovation process.
Vukelic said that unlike Templeton Landing, LumberJack's will be simple and seasonal. It will be open from 11 a.m. to 9 p.m., seven days a week.
It will be a place where someone can tie up in a boat in the adjacent marina or walk up from the bike path in Gratwick Park. The menu will include Buffalo favorites such as a Wardynsk's hot dog, a hamburger or Italian sausage on a Costanzo's roll; a fish sandwich; curly, traditional or sweet potato fries; side dishes such as chef salad, coleslaw and macaroni salad; draft beer; soft drinks – and Anderson's homemade ice cream.
The ideal location of the restaurant will allow customers to hear the concerts at Gratwick Park or watch fireworks from Tonawanda, North Tonawanda and Niagara Falls. The view from the deck extends across the river, with Tonawanda Island nearby and downtown Buffalo's One HSBC Center tower in the distance.
Ortt said the club and marina restoration project received $686,919 in a federal Boater Infrastructure Grant and then $300,000 in Niagara River Greenway funds. Ortt said the city matched the federal grant with $300,000 in its own funds.
New docks with sheet metal along the banks of the river, new infrastructure, new walkways, new lighting, landscaping and dredging, which will take place in July, are in place or planned for the marina.
Ortt said the city has applied for an additional $800,000 in state funding to continue to update the marina.
The mayor said that the timing was great and noted that Tallichet came to city officials as they were submitting a request for proposals for renovating the new marina in 2011.
"She had the expertise and the background and the resources. It was a good marriage, and the timing was right," Ortt said.
"We were very committed to bringing this to the city, but everything kind of just fell in line. We're thrilled to have her here, anyway, but the fact that she is from North Tonawanda just makes it all that better."
Ortt said that developing the yacht club property was a priority for him when he took office.
"It was a site on the waterfront, so it should be something viable that attracts people," Ortt said. "Look at this view – it's one of the best on the river."
Andres said the city originally thought that it would have no trouble selling the yacht club, but, left unattended, it went downhill fast.
"The building was getting older, and the marina slips filled in with debris, and the docks heaved. But it was always a diamond in the rough," Andres said.
He said mile-long Gratwick Park boasts one of the largest square footages on the Niagara River but offered little to do. That is expected to change with the new marina and restaurant.
"This will be open to everybody, and it will really cap the park," Andres said. "It's going to make this park a destination."
email: nfischer@buffnews.com
Nancy A. Fischer – A lifelong resident of Western New York and reporter for the Buffalo News for over 20 years covering Erie County Northtowns


text:
package ch.rasc.wamp2spring.config;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import ch.rasc.wamp2spring.pubsub.MatchPolicy;

public class DestinationMatchTest {

	@Test
	public void testExactMatch() {
		DestinationMatch dm = new DestinationMatch("dest");
		assertThat(dm.getDestination()).isEqualTo("dest");
		assertThat(dm.getMatchPolicy()).isEqualTo(MatchPolicy.EXACT);

		assertThat(dm.matches("dest")).isEqualTo(true);
		assertThat(dm.matchesWildcard(new String[] { "dest" })).isEqualTo(false);
	}

	@Test
	public void testPrefixMatch() {
		DestinationMatch dm = new DestinationMatch("user", MatchPolicy.PREFIX);
		assertThat(dm.getDestination()).isEqualTo("user");
		assertThat(dm.getMatchPolicy()).isEqualTo(MatchPolicy.PREFIX);

		assertThat(dm.matches("user")).isEqualTo(true);
		assertThat(dm.matches("user.create")).isEqualTo(true);
		assertThat(dm.matches("user.update.one")).isEqualTo(true);
		assertThat(dm.matches("usr.delete")).isEqualTo(false);
		assertThat(dm.matchesWildcard(new String[] { "user" })).isEqualTo(false);
	}

	@Test
	public void testWildcardMatch() {
		DestinationMatch dm = new DestinationMatch("crud..update", MatchPolicy.WILDCARD);
		assertThat(dm.getDestination()).isEqualTo("crud..update");
		assertThat(dm.getMatchPolicy()).isEqualTo(MatchPolicy.WILDCARD);

		assertThat(dm.matches("crud.user.update")).isEqualTo(true);
		assertThat(dm.matches("crud.user.delete")).isEqualTo(false);
		assertThat(dm.matches("crud.delete")).isEqualTo(false);
		assertThat(dm.matches("crud.update")).isEqualTo(false);
		assertThat(dm.matchesWildcard(new String[] { "crud", "user", "update" }))
				.isEqualTo(true);
		assertThat(dm.matchesWildcard(new String[] { "crud", "user", "delete" }))
				.isEqualTo(false);
		assertThat(dm.matchesWildcard(new String[] { "crud", "update" }))
				.isEqualTo(false);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Benefit from 0% interest on balance transfers for an extended period with HSBC's Balance Transfer Credit card.
HSBC's Balance Transfer card is designed to let you transfer an existing balance to HSBC to enjoy an extended interest-free period. It is one of several credit cards offered by HSBC, but it's the only one specifically designed for balance transfers, and therefore offers the longest period of 0% interest.
Balance transfers rate of 0% for 28 months reverting to 21.9%.
A transfer fee of 1.4% (minimum £5) for transfers in first two months applies.
While this card doesn't come with an annual or monthly fee attached, there is a balance transfer fee (albeit a competitive one) of 1.4% (min. £5) for 2 months reverting to 2.9% (min. £5) to consider, which could be a significant factor for those transferring larger sums. Balance transfer offers with no transfer fees involved do exist, but they don't tend to be found on the longest 0% interest deals.
It's also important to remember that if you don't clear your balance in full within the 28 months, then any outstanding balance will start to accrue interest at the card's standard rate.
It's pretty light on perks, which is probably to be expected from a card that's primarily about helping people clear debt faster, but you will be able to benefit from some (incredibly specific) offers through the HSBC Home and Away scheme plus cashback deals through Visa Offers.
The card is operated on the Visa network, meaning it can be used in over 30 million locations worldwide.
Benefit from Visa Offers cashback rewards.
Use this card for contactless payments, Apple pay, Google pay and Samsung Pay.
Not available to customers already using the HSBC Basic Bank Account.
Requires a relatively high minimum income of £8,500 p.a.
Balances can't be transferred from first direct, M&S Bank or John Lewis cards.
If you want to transfer an existing balance and enjoy 32 months with 0% interest with this card, just click on the "Go to Site" button and you'll be taken to a secure application form. This takes about 15 minutes to complete. Before you apply, check that you meet the eligibility requirements and have the information and documents you'll need so that you can make this process as easy as possible.


text:
Myst V: End of Ages (PC)
Developer: Cyan Worlds, Inc.
Release Date: September 20, 2005 (US)
E for Everyone: No Descriptors
Myst V: End of Ages - Hands-On
Next: Page 3 >>
The biggest change in store for Myst V is that all the pre-rendered backgrounds and live action characters that have long been the hallmark of the series are gone. The graphics are now all 3D, polygon-based, just like most other modern shooters and action games.
For the new 3D presentation, Cyan has included several control schemes in an effort to appeal to everyone. The basic scheme is just like the old Myst games: click somewhere on the screen and your character moves there. Like previous games, the cursor is context-sensitive -- it tells you when you can use an object or interact in some other way, such as climbing a ladder or pulling a lever. Thanks to the shift to full 3D, the slideshow effect that irked some gamers has been erased -- your character now walks to every location instead of new pictures popping up on the screen, which sometimes made it hard to get your bearings.
Cyan may have moved away from pre-rendered graphics, but the new 3D engine is still capable of some impressive scenery.
Also in place is a traditional mouselook control scheme, allowing you to move using the WASD keys and scan the environment with the mouse, similar to any first-person shooter. There are additional options that let you move forward by pressing the mouse button, and you can even run (running in a Myst game!) using the space key. In short, it appears there's a setup for everyone, and Myst V won't suffer from the unfortunate control issues that plagued Uru: Ages Beyond Myst (the series' last foray into 3D).
But is it a change for the better? Although some of the "wow" factor of the photorealistic backgrounds has been removed, Myst V's graphics are still extremely impressive. It doesn't have the same super-dramatic lighting effects of games like DOOM 3 or F.E.A.R., but it does boast some extremely pretty environments (the water effects are a standout), and the few characters you meet are meticulously crafted, from motion-capped animations to highly detailed and expressive faces matched only by Half-Life 2. Cyan undoubtedly knew that many Myst fans would be apprehensive with the switch, but it seems they've met the challenge of living up to the series' outstanding visuals.
Esher, a D'ni ancient, is the second central character in Myst V.
Once we'd finished our initial conversation with Yeesha, we were teleported to another location, where you're introduced to the game's other central character, Esher (voiced by David Ogden Stiers). Esher, one of the elder D'ni, is a cryptic sort and tells you that while he's failed the quest himself, he may be able to help you. He seems harmless, and yet there's something not quite right about him.
This level was set in an enclosed desert-like area, and contained the large stone sculpture that greeted you at the beginning of Riven (the first of many references to previous Myst games). Scattered around the area were a number of rocks with drawings on them, and a hole leading underground, and to the first big puzzle of the game.
Preview: Europa Universalis IV's Million Tiny Steps Forward (Feb 7, 2013)
The Showdown Effect Q&A with Director Johan Pilestedt (Feb 7, 2013)
At The Gates: Turn-Based Strategy From Civ V's Designer (Feb 6, 2013)
Preview: Hands On With SimCity (Jan 25, 2013)
Chris Taylor Gets The Kickstarter Bug, Announces Wildman (Jan 14, 2013)
:: More Previews...
Myst V: End of Ages at IGN
Myst V: End of Ages at GameSpy
Myst V: End of Ages at GameStats


text:
php app/console doctrine:database:drop --force
php app/console doctrine:generate:entities Storekeeper
php app/console doctrine:database:create
php app/console doctrine:schema:update --force
php app/console doctrine:fixtures:load -n


We love the photos so much they're brilliant! The way you've captured the fun and happiness and all the wee details of the day is amazing and we really love all the photos!
Thanks again for all your hard work and for your professionalism, its given us beautiful memories to look back on and love for years to come!


text:
Tag: Presented
25Dec By MosesianNo Comments
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Xavi vows to succeed as Barcelona manager
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28Oct By MosesianNo Comments
Singer Zlatan gifts his lawyer a Rolex watch
Singer Zlatan Ibile warmed the heart of his lawyer on Wednesday, October 27, when he gifted her a Rolex wristwatch. He shared the video showing how he presented the watch to her and her reaction on his Instastories. Watch below
Norwich still winless as wasteful Sargent lets Brighton off
Josh Sargent wasted two great chances as Norwich's search for a first Premier League win of the season continued with a 0-0 draw at home to Brighton. Brighton should have taken the lead themselves during a first half in which Neal Maupay was harshly denied a penalty when both the referee and VAR overlooked clear contact from Tim Krul, before the goalkeeper pulled off an outstanding fingertip save to push Leandro Trossard's volley onto the bar. However, Sargent twice let the visitors off the hook either side of the interval. Robert Sanchez's failed attempt to sweep up presented him with an open goal 20 yards out but his shot was tame and Shane Duffy was able to get back to clear. Then, after the restart, a poor first touch from Sargent when through one-on-one allowed Dan Burn to rec...
3Oct By MosesianNo Comments
President Buhari honors Rivers state man, Joe Blackson, who died after rescuing 13 people from a river and drowned while attempting to rescue the last person
President Buhari has presented a posthumous award to a Nigerian man, Joe Blankson, who died on July 28, 2018, after rescuing thirteen persons and was about to rescue the 14th person when he drowned in Rivers state. Joe was widely celebrated after the tragic incident for his heroic gesture. On Thursday, September 30, President Buhari presented a posthumous award to his wife and two children. Posting photos from the award ceremony on social media, President Buhari wrote; ''On Thursday night at the State House, we honored the memory of Joseph Blankson, a true Nigerian hero, who lost his life while saving others following a boat accident on the Abonnema-Bakana waterway in Rivers State, on July 28, 2018. Blankson successfully rescued 13 persons, and tragically drowned w...
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Ganduje Presents Staff of Office to Buhari's in-law as Emir of Bichi
Governor Abdullahi Ganduje of Kano state has presented a staff of office to Nasiru Bayero, the Emir of Bichi. The presentation was done two years after Bayero was appointed as Emir of Bichi after Kano emirate was split into five. President Muhammadu Buhari who was represented at the event by his Chief of Staff, Ibrahim Gambari, described the creation of additional emirates in the state as historic and innovative. He said; "Your turbaning at a providential time like this in the history of our country when the prevailing social and socioeconomic conditions have created an opportunity for emerging leaders to display their qualities and work earnestly for continued peace and unity. "Your father, my friend the late Emir of Kano, Ado Bayero, was a symbol of unity, not only w...
Police Service Commission sets up fresh panel to probe Abba Kyari
A new in-house panel has been set up by the Police Service Commission to study the documents presented by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which indicted suspended Deputy Commissioner of Police, Abba Kyari in an international fraudulent scheme reportedly carried out by Instagram celebrity, Abbas Ramon, also known as Hushpuppi and his gang. Though Kyari was earlier probed by a Police investigative panel set up by the Inspector-General of Police (IGP), Mohammed Adamu, and headed by Joseph Egbunike, a Deputy Inspector-General of Police, a new panel set up by the Police Service Commission to probe him is being headed by Barr. Tijani Mohammed, Director, Department of Police Discipline in the commission. The panel was inaugurated by the Permanent Secretary/Secreta...
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BBNaija star, Ozo receives a house as birthday gift from his fans
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Konate presented Liverpool shirt in five venues in Paris alone – Klopp
The Reds manager has expressed his desire to work with the French centre-half of Malian descent who joined from RB Leipzig Jurgen Klopp has underlined how Ibrahima Konate was so pleased to join Liverpool, that he had his shirt presentation in five different venues in Paris. The six-time European kings activated the release clause in the 22-year-old's contract at Bundesliga side RB Leipzig, signing the defender on a five-year deal and a fee worth £36 million ($50m). With the arrival of Konate at Anfield, he becomes a contender to partner Virgil van Dijk at the heart of the Premier League side's back four. Also, the German tactician expressed his delight to have the France prospect (of Mali descent) in his star-studded squad ahead of the new season. Excited to work with him,...
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Tonto Dikeh and her new man, Prince Kpokpogri, looked so in love at his birthday party which took place over the weekend. Prince turned a year older over the weekend and a birthday celebration was held in his honor. One of the high points of the day was when Tonto presented her man with the keys to an expensive gift. She got so emotional when he received it and gave her a kiss. See more of the photos below...
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Manchester City striker, Sergio Aguero joins Barcelona on a two-year Contract
Sergio Aguero has completed a move to Barcelona after his exit from Manchester City, the Spanish club have announced. The Argentina International left Manchester City following the expiry of his contract at the end of the season and has joined Ronald Koeman's side on a deal until the end of the 2022-23 season. The 32-year-old striker will be presented at the Nou Camp with club president Joan Laporta on Monday evening, May 31, and will officially join on July 1. He will have a release clause of €100 million. Barca have said in a statement on their official website: "FC Barcelona and Sergio 'Kun' Aguero have reached an agreement for the player to join the Club from 1 July when his contract with Manchester City expires. "The player will sign a contract until the end of the 202...
Neymar Accused of Trying to Force a Nike Employee to Perform Oral Sex on him in a New York hotel
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Sokoto State governor, Honourable Aminu Waziri Tambuwal, was on Friday presented with a made in Nigeria electric car by an indigine of the state, Jelani Aliyu. He said with the inauguration of the maiden Nigeria electric car birthed by Sokoto-born Jelani Aliyu, a cultural revolution is in the offing that would generally affect the lifestyles and life chances of Nigerians. The Governor made this observation on Friday when received the first electric car assembled in Nigeria by the Jelani-led National Automotive Design and Development Council (NADDC), at Government House, Sokoto. This was contained in a statement signed by the special adviser on media and publicity to the governor Muhammad Bello and made available to newsmen on Saturday. The car, being part of items on exhibi...
Buhari Didn't Understand The Picture Ganduje Presented To Him – Kwankwaso
Former Governor Rabiu Kwankwaso has alleged that President Muhammadu Buhari did not understand the picture that Governor Abdullahi Ganduje of Kano State presented to him at the presidential villa in Abuja. Earlier in the week, Buhari played host to Ganduje who showed him a prototype of the proposed Muhammadu Buhari three-level interchange in Kano. Speaking with BBC Hausa, Kwankwaso wondered why the governor acquired a "loan of N20 billion" for the project, which he said is the responsibility of the federal government. He accused Ganduje of not getting his priorities right, saying education and welfare of the people ought to be on the front burner. "Instead of Ganduje to go and see the president and ask him to do the bridge, because it is the responsibility of the federal go...
19Jan By dthataNo Comments
Obaseki Presented Two University Of Ibadan Certificates – Forensic Expert Alleges
A forensic expert, Raphael Onwuzuligbo, on Monday told an Edo Election Petitions Tribunal that Governor Godwin Obaseki presented two different University of Ibadan degree certificates to the Independent National Electoral Commission in 2016 and 2020. Onwuzuligbo, a retired Assistant Superintendent of Police, testified as a subpoena witness in the case filed by the Action Democratic Party, and its governorship candidate, Iboi Emmanuel, who are challenging the victory of Obaseki on the claim that he was not qualified to contest the election on alleged certificate forgery and perjury. Under cross-examination by the counsel for the respondents, the retired police officer noted that the UI's certificate presented by Obaseki in 2016 was different from the one he presented to INEC in 20...
31May By BobbyNo Comments
Microsoft lays off journalists to replace them with AI
Microsoft is laying off dozens of journalists and editorial workers at its Microsoft News and MSN organizations. The layoffs are part of a bigger push by Microsoft to rely on artificial intelligence to pick news and content that's presented on MSN.com, inside Microsoft's Edge browser, and in the company's various Microsoft News apps. Many of the affected workers are part of Microsoft's SANE (search, ads, News, Edge) division, and are contracted as human editors to help pick stories. "Like all companies, we evaluate our business on a regular basis," says a Microsoft spokesperson in a statement. "This can result in increased investment in some places and, from time to time, re-deployment in others. These decisions are not the result of the current pandemic." While Microsoft says ...
8May By BobbyNo Comments
Milan and Inter unveil two new concepts for €1bn San Siro redesign
The historic stadium is to be mostly demolished, though a part is incorporated into both of the designs presented on Thursday AC Milan and Inter have presented their plans for the new San Siro stadium. Two designs, by Populous and Manica/Sportium, were put forward, both retaining a part of the current stadium within a retail and sports district. A statement said the project would represent more than €1 billion (£900k/$1.1bn) of private investment and generate "thousands of new jobs" in Milan.
28Mar By BobbyNo Comments
APC National Chairman, Oshiomhole's Coronavirus Test Result Has Been Released
The PUNCH reports that the All Progressives Congress has announced that its National Chairman, Adams Oshiomhole, has tested negative to coronavirus. This was contained in a statement issued by the APC National Publicity Secretary, Mallam Lanre Issa-Onilu, in Abuja, on Friday. The statement read, "The National Chairman of the All Progressives Congress (APC), Comrade Adams Oshiomhole has tested negative to coronavirus. "Following fears, he could have physically interacted with person(s) who tested positive to the coronavirus, Oshiomhole presented himself for a test on Thursday and it has just been confirmed that the result returned negative."
19Feb By BobbyNo Comments
Nigerian Man Arrested for Drug Trafficking in Saudi Arabia, Freed after NDLEA Proved the Substance was Planted on Him
A Nigerian man, Ibrahim Ibrahim, who was facing trial over drug trafficking allegation in Saudi Arabia, has been released by the Saudi Arabian authorities after the Nigerian government were able to prove his innocence. Mr Ibrahim's release was secured by the National Diaspora Commission in collaboration with the government of Zamfara state, his home state. He was arrested in 2017 in Jeddah after the Saudi Arabian immigration officers found illegal drugs in his bags. Three years after, a delegation from the Diaspora commission and Zamfara state government, arrived in Jeddah with documents to be presented as evidence during his trial retrial which was today February 18th. Amongst the documents was a statement from the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency NDLEA, stating that they ha...
23Apr By BobbyNo Comments
Nnamdi Kanu Sends Warning Message to Asari Dokubo
The Indigenous People Of Biafra(IPOB) have responded with a clapback to murder claims made by the front-runner of the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger-Delta(MEND), Asari Dokubo. Dokubo had accused IPOB leader, Nnamdi Kanu of being responsible for the assassination of Prophet Anthony Nwoko because the later always spoke against his antics of using the Biafran struggle to enrich his personal pockets. Speaking through Biafra radio, the IPOB said "This is the clip of the contractor working hard to blackmail IPOB. Asari forgot that before he embarks in this kind of blackmail he should prepare himself very well hoping that he is coming to meet the almighty IPOB." "We meet problems head on, IPOB does not run away from enemies and since Asari has presented himself as an enemy t...
Senator Ben Bruce Presented Two Important Bills To Nigerian Senate Today
The Nigerian Senator and CEO of Siverbird TV has presented the Nigerian Senate with two important bills to look into. He went further to state the objectives of the act. See what he wrote... The Objectives of this Act are to; (a) Comply with the clean energy policy. (b) Encourage the use of modern technology, (c) De-emphasise on oil consumption, (d) Reduce air pollution.
1Apr By BobbyNo Comments
Lagos State Task Force Arrest Two Suspects for Impersonation and Extortion
The Lagos State Environmental Sanitation and Special Offences Unit (Task Force) on Monday arrested two suspects for impersonating Officers of the Agency and extorting money from a motorist at Ojota, Lagos. Disclosing details of the incident, Chairman of the Task Force, CSP Olayinka Egbeyemi said the two suspects were apprehended by the 'Monitoring and Enforcement Team of the Agency after they had negotiated and collected N15,000 bribe. Egbeyemi stated that preliminary interrogations revealed that the suspects presented themselves as officers of the Agency and arrested a motorist for traffic obstruction by Ojota bus-stop. He said, "They arrested the owner of the vehicle for obstruction at Ojota, drove him down to Bolade bus-stop opposite Task Force office where they negotiated ...
Veteran Yoruba Actor, Tajudeen Oyewole Abija Presented With A Car
Veteran actor of the Yoruba movies genre, Tajudeen Oyewole a.k.a. Abija presented with a car by a car shipping company in Lagos. The actor who could not hide his joy was seen full of smiles as he was handed over a brand new Toyota Matrix to acknowledge and celebrate his great achievement. Present there at the car presentation ceremony were comic actors Jigan Babaoja, Mr Latin, Itele and a host of other Nollywood actors. Abija, who is one of the pioneers of indigenous Yoruba movies, was recently in the news over his poor state of living. Actor Jigan had solicited for help for the veteran actor whom he believed was one of the people that paved the way for the current crops of successful actors in the Industry
Professionals & Veterans Take Centre Stage at Ikeja Golf Club
The Captain's Day celebration of the Ikeja Golf Club continued Wednesday, with professionals and veterans hitting the golf course. Already, 16 professionals and over 30 veterans were on hand to showcase their skills on the golf course. Among the professionals present were Kola Jacobson, Olu Obadina and Saliu Liman. The club captain, Bola Temowo, took part in the veterans' category. The competition continues tomorrow, with the Ladies' competition. At the opening of the competition on Monday, Senior Kazeem Fadesere, competing in the Caddies and Staff senior category, emerged winner with 74gross, while Junior Micheal Aquoqum won the junior Caddies and Staff category with 94gross. The Captain's Day marks the end of Temowo's captaincy of the club. The men's compe...
See The Cake Chioma Akpotha Presented To Pete Edochie On His 72nd Birthday
Yesterday Veteran Nollywood Actor, Pete Edoiche celebrated his 72nd birthday and Nollywood Actress, Chioma Akpotha presented him with a lovely cake.
Spike Lee Extremely Excited As He Wins at 2019 Oscar Awards
Movie director, Spike Lee was extremely excited on Frebruary 25th when he won his first ever award at the 2019 Oscar Awards which held at Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles. Spike Lee won the award for Best Adapted Screenplay; the award was presented to him by Samuel L. Jackson and Brie Larson. In his acceptance speech, Spike Lee said: 'The word today is irony. The date the 24th. The month February, which also happens to be the shortest month of the year, which also happens to be Black History Month. The year 2019, the year 1619. History, Herstory. 1619 to 2019, 400 years. 400 years our ancestors were stolen from Mother Africa and brought to Jamestown, Virginia, enslaved. Our ancestors worked the land from can't see in the morning to can't see at night. 'My grandmother, Zimmie Shelton ...
BBNaija's Alex Received a 2018 Range Rover as a Gift But Rejected it- Swanky Jerry Reveals
On Friday, February 15, was BBNaija's Alex's 23rd birthday. The high point of her day was the moment her fans presented her a car as a birthday gift. Shortly after the presentation, trolls began to insinuate that she bought car herself and asked her fans to present it to her just to prove a point. Today, ace stylist and close friend of Alex, Swanky Jerry has come out to refute the claims. In a post he shared on his Instastories, Swanky revealed Alex also got a 2018 Range Rover as a present yesterday but rejected it. Read her post below.
1Dec By dthataNo Comments
Buhari Presented With A Compilation Of Throwback Photos From His Military Career
Buhari laughs as he was shown his younger age photos At the Chief of Army Staff Annual Conference, I was presented with a compilation of photos from my military career. From cadet to General, even my time at the US Army War College. I seized the opportunity to take the audience on a journey down memory lane. Watch video
22Nov By BobbyNo Comments
Musa Is Nigeria's Best In 2018
Super Eagles captain Ahmed Musa was being presented an award by Delta State Governor, Ifeanyi Okowa as Nigeria's best player for 2018. Thought Musa was not present at the Nigerian Sports Award last weekend to receive the award then. The award was brought to the field and handed over specially by his Excellency Governor Ifeanyi Okowa of Delta State. The Al-Nassr of Saudi Arabia forward has to be consistent in his performance and so also superlative in his goal scoring, truly deserves to bag more awards over his performances in the National Team.
Photos Of President Buhari Receiving His WAEC Certificate
The West African Examination Council has presented attestation certificate and confirmation of school certificate result to President Muhammadu Buhari.
APC Registers 15.6million Members – Oshiomhole
The All Progressives Congress(APC) now has 15.6million members nationwide, according to party chairman Mr Adams Oshiomhole. He disclosed this on Wednesday when he presented President Muhammadu Buhari with a new party membership card. Oshiomhole told the president that the APC under his leadership, took advantage of modern technology to come up with a new membership data base, saying that the party currently has 15.6 million registered members. "Today to talk about the size of our party, the largest party in the world and in Africa, we need to have evidence that can be verified by a third party or by members. "We have taken advantage of technology to produce what I believed is the best or the first in Nigeria. "We now have as at last week when they started printing of mem...
APC Presents Adekunle Akinlade As Consensus Governorship Candidate To Amosun
Leaders of APC Ogun State, formally presented the party's Consensus Governorship Candidate, Hon. Adekunle Akinlade to Governor Amosn at an expanded meeting witnessed by major stakeholders from the three senatorial districts of the State.
6Sep By dthataNo Comments
Wizkid And Naomi Campbell Pictured Together At GQ Men Of The Year Awards (pics)
The GQ annual awards, which are now in their 21st year, celebrate men and women who have helped to shape the world's cultural landscape over style, politics, entertainment and sport during the course of the year. Supermodel Campbell, who was named fashion icon of the year, was honoured by singer and actress Zendaya, while Legend was presented with the Hugo Boss most stylish man prize by his wife Chrissy Teigen. Ayodeji 'Wizkid' Balogun appeared to be relishing the company of international model, Naomi Campbell in the picture of the duo below. Naomi accessorised her entire look with a collection of rings, bracelets, necklaces, earrings and a black silk choker. The model rocked curled raven tresses with a stylish fringe as she arrived fashionably late to the star-studded red ...


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Odisha Public Service Commission - OPSC Recruitment 2018 notification has been issued for the post of Medical Officer (Assistant Surgeon) in Group-A (Junior Branch) of the Odisha Medical & Health Services cadre under health and Family Welfare Department. Educational Qualification, Category wise OPSC Medical Officer Vacancy details, Method of application, Selection Procedure and all other details of this OPSC Vacancy have been explained below. Candidates are advised to read this OPSC Jobs notification carefully before applying. Those who are interested in applying for this Odisha Govt Jobs have to apply online.
Those who wish to apply for this OPSC Medical Officer Vacancy must have completed M.B.B.S or any other equivalent qualification from a college / Institution recognized by Medical Council of India and must have an authentic Medical registration certificate under the Odisha Medical "Registration Rules 1965"
How will be the OPSC Medical Officer Selection Procedure?
After submission of OPSC Online application, Candidates have to print the submitted application form and send it to the address given below along with copies of all the relevant certificates.
Application fees for this OPSC Medical Officer Recruitment 2018 should be paid at any branches of State Bank of India by taking a printout of Online Challan (Pay-in-slip).


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Home > Journals > J. Appl. Math. > Volume 2014 > Article
2014 On Decompositions of Matrices over Distributive Lattices
Yizhi Chen, Xianzhong Zhao
J. Appl. Math. 2014: 1-10 (2014). DOI: 10.1155/2014/202075
Let L be a distributive lattice and Mn,q (L) (Mn(L), resp.) the semigroup (semiring, resp.) of n × q (n × n, resp.) matrices over L. In this paper, we show that if there is a subdirect embedding from distributive lattice L to the direct product ∏i=1mLi of distributive lattices L1,L2, …,Lm, then there will be a corresponding subdirect embedding from the matrix semigroup Mn,q(L) (semiring Mn(L), resp.) to semigroup ∏i=1mMn,q(Li) (semiring ∏i=1mMn(Li), resp.). Further, it is proved that a matrix over a distributive lattice can be decomposed into the sum of matrices over some of its special subchains. This generalizes and extends the decomposition theorems of matrices over finite distributive lattices, chain semirings, fuzzy semirings, and so forth. Finally, as some applications, we present a method to calculate the indices and periods of the matrices over a distributive lattice and characterize the structures of idempotent and nilpotent matrices over it. We translate the characterizations of idempotent and nilpotent matrices over a distributive lattice into the corresponding ones of the binary Boolean cases, which also generalize the corresponding structures of idempotent and nilpotent matrices over general Boolean algebras, chain semirings, fuzzy semirings, and so forth.
Yizhi Chen. Xianzhong Zhao. "On Decompositions of Matrices over Distributive Lattices." J. Appl. Math. 2014 1 - 10, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/202075
First available in Project Euclid: 2 March 2015
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1155/2014/202075
Rights: Copyright © 2014 Hindawi
J. Appl. Math.
Vol.2014 • 2014
Yizhi Chen, Xianzhong Zhao "On Decompositions of Matrices over Distributive Lattices," Journal of Applied Mathematics, J. Appl. Math. 2014(none), 1-10, (2014)


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Traditional home desgign in Menlo Park. Structural Engineering
We started designing a traditional style home in Menlo Park, California. The house has 2562 square foot in two levels with four bedrooms, a large living room, a kitchen and a kitchenette, laundry room and a library on the second floor. It took us 42 days to provide all the architectural and structural drawings. Our client had an old traditional style home which he wanted to tear down and build a similar house on a larger scale with an additional second level. This client was referred to us by an old client for whom we designed a house in California. Our new client was under a serious time constraint and wanted to submit the plans to the city for approval in February. He wanted to start the actual construction by the end of March. Therefore, we had little time to get the approval of the client for the design and deliver the full package for building permit including architectural, structural and MEP drawings. Our first step was preparing the conceptual design which was approved by the client after two modifications. We finished the architectural drawings during the next 12 days. The client wanted to see how the final building will look like. Hence a set of rendered realistic 3D images was presented and approved by the client. This was a successful project. The secret for success in this project was close communication of ideas and solutions between our architect and the client. The architects got their inspirations from the clients' taste and ideas and exactly delivered what the client could think of plus more. We believe that successful completion of any projects (designing of the traditional style home) is based on the commitment of all the designers and engineers involved. In this manner, they can deliver extraordinary projects as a team, colleagues, and friends.
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