text:
From the archive: SHADOWED BY THE STATE – from Ukraine with love?
by railsistem - Haziran 3, 2020 0
D1s, built by Ganz-Mávag in Hungary, date from 1960. Here, D1 No. 717-1 pulls away from Doslidna at 08.55 on May 12, 2017, forming train No. 6314 from Mykolaiv to Tymkove.
Mark Darby takes a trip to the former Soviet country of Ukraine – an adventure which presented him with more than a few problems, including the discovery he'd been under surveillance for days… as a suspected terrorist!
Railway photography in countries hidden away within the shadows of the former Iron Curtain is, at times, delightful or frustrating in equal measures.
Local citizens wander freely over running lines, as passengers ignore station footbridges. However, without question, visitors are studied and observed; when the authorities have sufficient inclination, detention swiftly follows.
Mykolaiv, in southern Ukraine, holds no bias towards tourism, being mainly of strategic importance, with large shipbuilding yards, situated next to the Gulf of Dniprovs'ka and the Black Sea. Mykolaiv is also a busy stamping ground for diesel locomotive type 10, commonly referred to as TEP10s or 'Earthquakes'.
These 5,480hp, semi-permanently coupled, single-cabbed, twin-unit locomotives would be the main reason for me to visit (with two German enthusiasts) this interesting backwater, close to the border with Crimea, which is currently one of Russia's 'irritations'.
No. TEP70-0156 approaches Shevchenkove with train 7650 from Kherson to Kiev at 16.20 on May 11, 2017. TEP70s have a fascinating history as they were 'born' of the technology gained by the Russians stripping down Kestrel in the early-1970s. Delivering 3,970hp, they were built in Moscow at the Kolumna locomotive works. Photo: JAN BOETTCHER.
To Kiev and Tiraspol
The theme for the trip appeared to be set at passport control of Dortmund Airport, as a German official questioned my lack of visa for a visit to Ukraine, which as a citizen of the UK would apparently be required. Pre-trip, the UK Government's Foreign & Commonwealth Office website confirmed visas were not necessary for Ukraine – and indeed Transnistria, our joint proposed destinations. Tiraspol in Transnistria, however, would be another story!
A midnight arrival at Zhulyany airport, Kiev, required efforts akin to a 'bribe' in order to secure a city-bound taxi, as all taxis amazingly were pre-booked, apparently a recently introduced piece of tourist-unfriendly bureaucracy.
Sunday, May 7 offered opportunities for morning photography beneath cloudless 30 degree skies around Kiev. Our home-spun itinerary included a visit to the children's railway situated within Syretsky Park. The children's railway is entirely run by apprentice adults aged between 11 and 16, who drive the trains, work the signals and staff the entire 750mm narrow gauge system, with very minimal supervision; a superb, popular Soviet idea for the leisure time of juniors, an excellent idea to replicate perhaps?
The visit to Syretsky Park would be followed by a late-afternoon departure from Pasazhyrskyi, for a seven-and-a-half-hour journey with Skoda 'Chs8' haulage to Odessa.
For the second consecutive day, our destination would be reached beyond midnight.
Having endured a night in a hotel room with a couple of slightly sinister occupants of the cockroach-based variety, 'rental car day' subsequently dawned. With a set of 'wheels' in our possession, scenic lineside photographic positions became accessible. The vehicle would also be necessary as two thirds of the party intended to visit Transnistria for railway photography, along with a proposed attendance of Victory Day military parades on May 9.
DS3-011 and yc8-019 are seen at Kiev Pasazhyrskyi at 08.30 on May 7, 2017 with respective arrivals. Delivering 6,400hp, the DS3s were a joint 2003 venture between Dnipropetrovsk and Siemens, whereas the 9,600hp yc8's were built by Skoda. Next to Pasazhyrskyi station is a highly recommended railway museum.6605D 001
A collection of Ladas and Moskvitchs, dodging the multitude of potholes that constituted much of Ukraine's road system, certainly made for an enthralling driving experience.
Once deposited at Odessa Central bus station, our woes became increasingly evident, as the 17.35 service to the Transnistrian border and Tiraspol – for which our tickets were valid – had been cancelled (the omni-present language barrier again was the precursor of problems during attempts to
re-book).
With substitute tickets eventually sorted, the driver of the following service to Tiraspol belligerently made it obvious that entry to his dilapidated mini-bus would not happen, despite the fact an old fridge was bound with skinny shards of rope to two adjoining front seats!
Given the lack of spoken English outside of Kiev, a middle-aged female shouted from behind the aforementioned lump of white goods: "Why don't you ******* walk, it's only one hundred kilometres," – the noisy rebuke duly attracting attention from an armed guard. Military personnel also appeared frequently around many transport hubs.
Regardless of the fact our paperwork confirmed all necessary stipulations required to enter Transnistria were in order, when the barrel of a machine gun gestures movement in a particular direction, that direction is taken, even if it is not the one of choice.
The militia character appeared forcible, but not so agitated as the bus driver. With our bus tickets re-translated via the internet, they were correct. As German and English 'foreigners' we concluded the driver had re-appropriated our seats for his own gain.
Having contacted our Transnistria guide by e-mail regarding our non-appearance, our Android friend again became indispensable, exercising various accommodation sites within the all-encompassing WWW (world wide web), in order to procure replacement beds, where thankfully no internet language barrier existed.
As a point of note, it may be of interest that stipulations for entry into Transnistria by road from Ukraine require a pre-booked guide to accompany from the border, along with accommodation confirmation. Arrival at the internationally un-recognised crossing point, and paperwork would be issued, requiring exit visa application within 48 hours of arrival. This procedure is not possible to formalise from within the UK.
Despite the disappointing failure to enter Transnistria, Mykolaiv, along with its fleet of 'Earthquakes,' invitingly beckoned.
Rozdil'na-1, junction for the branch to Tiraspol, situated on the Kiev to Odessa main line, witnesses plenty of traffic. Little is bound for Transnistria and Moldova, however a through Moscow service featured in the 2017 timetable.
While occupying the legal side of the dropped level crossing barriers, south of the station, in order to photograph southbound traffic, confrontation again took place, as the crossing keeper hurled abuse in our direction. The railway employee emphasised his annoyance by visibly noting down the registration number of our rented white Dacia.
Rebuilt VL40, No. 1457-2 pulls out of Rozdil'na-1 on May 9, 2017 with 17 coaches, forming train 136L, a Chernivtsi to Odessa express. Note the gold Orthodox Church dome to the left of the picture.
Umbrage
Apparently situated within a 'restricted' zone, Mykolaiv hosts few tourists. Arrival across the lengthy Varvarivskyi Bridge, spanning the southern Bug river, portraying many inviting picturesque waterside hostelries, indicated views to the contrary. Contained within the structure of the bridge is 'Europe's' longest swing platform.
Unfortunately, for the second consecutive day, umbrage would again be extended in our direction. However, after the crossing keeper had made clear our presence was 'verboten', impressions became slightly downbeat, as it appeared even though no further trains were due, the crossing barriers failed to rise, effectively preventing our vehicle returning to the main traffic flow. Seemingly, an age followed, until the barriers began to lift, finally allowing escape.
Having discussed our previously perceived crossing box incarceration with slight irony, events soon became far more apparent. After photographing next to the crossing box, south of the main station, a 'heritage' Lada Riva, driven erratically in our direction, on the wrong side of the highway, almost forced a spot of off-roading.
Laughingly, this manoeuvre would be passed off as typical of Ukrainian road skills. Mirth didn't last for too long, however. Upon parking in a marked bay at Mykolaiv Main station, the previously evaded Lada rapidly slid into a blocking position behind our car. Immediately, the two rather animated occupants encroached our personal space, shouting and gesticulating in their mother tongue. Our assumption was they were not happy.
Without a uniform between them, who were they, and what possibly could be their problem? Despite not understanding the local parlance, we had our suspicions, given the less than amicable reception received thus far from the railway people.
With verbal ability to communicate at a complete minimum, one of the Lada boys began broadcasting from his classic car's ancient citizens band-style radio equipment. Given the ongoing stand-off, there was no surprise at the arrival of a marked Politsiya Toyota Prius; contained within, a couple of 'real' police officers. The non-conversation continued, with further gesticulations and 'verbals'.
With onlookers gathering, mobile phone conversations continued among the Ukrainian officials. The arrival of a second marked police car, and seemingly the authorities, meant they had upped their game, as the officer, a lieutenant, had a perfect command of English.
"Passports please," he demanded.
With documents checked, our group was split up; the German contingent accommodated in the first Politsiya car, which arrived on the scene, while the British contingent went in the car containing the English speaking officer.
At this point, concerns were seriously aroused, as an explanation followed thus: that over a period of two days, our party had been observed 'wearing body packs' (rucksacks) around strategic railway installations, acting furtively within station confines, and NOT boarding trains, all in a restricted area, close to the Crimean border. At this point, separation added to a fairly sombre mindset.
Once reunited at Mykolaiv city police station, we were informed we had been arrested as suspected terrorists. We were led past some hardcore holding cells up a set of stairs into a room akin to a court. Politeness and cups of tea followed, certainly not how these situations would be portrayed by Hollywood.
Amid typical landscape, VL80-1804 passes Stepova, near Odessa, on May 8, 2017 with a lengthy rake of south-bound 'Gondola's' at 16.20. The VL80's are rated at 8,580hp. VL80-1804 is one of more than 4,900 constructed at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant in Russia.6618 001
Having answered the questions relating to our intended travel plans, specific questioning followed, firstly aimed in my direction.
"Why did you enter Ukraine via Germany, and not directly from the UK?"
"So that I could travel with my friends."
"How are you friends, how do you identify with each other as you are from different countries?"
Six coaches would hardly tax the 5,480hp developed by 2TE10-0063, photographed on May 10, 2017 from one of the few overbridges in the area, near Shevchenkove, hauling train 7650 from Kherson to Kiev. The modern coaching stock composing this service affords excellent comfort.
"We met in Poland, in 2014, while indulging in railway photography, we were not arrested in Poland."
Again the question of entry via Germany would be raised.
We were informed further questioning by officials from the Ministry of Internal Affairs would follow shortly. Two men duly arrived, they were stoney faced, and looked like they meant business. It was my arrival via Dortmund, and not directly from the UK, which was their main mantra. They even possessed details of all the railway locations we had visited, none of which we could deny. Was a diplomatic incident about to unravel?
Questioning continued along the lines of why we indulged in the strange 'occupation' of railway photography. We responded with "not an occupation, a hobby", subsequently having to explain how each of us made a living.
Eventually one of the Government people again requested our passports. The official and our paperwork were absent for a considerable amount of time. While the bureaucrat was away, the arresting officer explained that although railway photography was not illegal, the railway employees and indeed the Lada-driving railway police continued to adhere to former communist-based values, and our presence at certain locations appeared to be the stumbling block.
The officer continued that we should not worry, as in his opinion there was no real case to answer and we should not be charged. His thoughts were that the Government official would be corroborating answers and personal histories with our respective security forces in London and Berlin.
Green – Areas safe to visit with usual personal safety precautions; Red – Areas Foreign & Commonwealth Office advises not to visit
'Should be sent to prison'
Upon the return of our passports, the demeanour of the Government man had changed, becoming slightly jocular. He summarised the situation: we were to be released to continue our photography, however given the problems with Russia in Crimea, and its close proximity, the advice of the Ukrainian Government would be to photograph out of the view of stations, signal and crossing boxes, as the workers were correctly reporting suspicious behaviour.
He added – with a smirk – that he felt for our own sanity, we should be sent to prison for participating in such a strange hobby!
Our detention lasted beyond the departure of the officials as word had leaked out that some strange visitors had been detained, prompting various officers wishing to record 'selfie' images with the 'train' people.
Under the watchful eye of the crossing keeper, who we felt escalated our incarceration, 'Earthquake' 2TE10y-0485 shatters the peace at 07.35 on May 10, 2017 as it powers away from Mykolaiv heading in the direction of Dolyns'ka. JAN BOETTCHER.
Our temporary incarceration, from the outset, was handled with complete empathy, the arresting officer, a top official named Bogdan, concisely explaining the custodial procedure, every step of the way. Detention lasted a little more than four hours.
Having received a return lift with Bogdan to be reunited with our rental car, the rest of the trip would be significantly less entertaining.
Mykolaiv is the hub for routes radiating to Odessa, Dolyns'ka, Kherson and the lesser branch line to Snihurivka. The route to Dolyns'ka and ultimately Kiev was understandably the busiest, with electrification imminent. The scenery around Odessa and Mykolaiv is essentially flat with much woodland, overbridges, very much at a premium.
Because of the distances covered by some of the passenger services, many do not run daily, arriving at the destination one or two, or on some occasions several days after originally setting out.
Passenger trains on the Dolyns'ka line were frequently punctuated by freights, with commodities including grain, petro-chemicals, coal and scrap metals, mostly serving the many terminals around Mykolaiv's expansive harbour network.
Given the excitement of the arrest, only a spot of time for photography remained.
Return to the UK, again via Germany, held comparatively little interest.
Just under 8,000 'Earthquakes' (16,000 units) of differing variants were produced between 1960 and 1997.
As a footnote, arrival home prompted a spot of post-trip research, where Google Earth revealed a huge military airbase situated behind an avenue of trees next to the crossing box, where the Lada first came to our attention.
A more detailed inspection revealed the base to be well stocked with MIG, Sukhoi, and Antonov fighters and ground attack aircraft. Several helicopters were witnessed populating the skies, but these gave no obvious clues as to the magnitude and hardware that lay behind the greenery.
The Railway Magazine Archive
Access to The Railway Magazine digital archive online, on your computer, tablet, and smartphone. The archive is now complete – with 123 years of back issues available, that's 140,000 pages of your favourite rail news magazine.
The archive is available to subscribers of The Railway Magazine, and can be purchased as an add-on for just £24 per year. Existing subscribers should click the Add Archive button above, or call 01507 529529 – you will need your subscription details to hand. Follow @railwayarchive on Twitter.
Enjoy more of The Railway Magazine reading every month. Click here to subscribe.
source= https://www.railwaymagazine.co.uk/14829/from-the-archive-shadowed-by-the-state-from-ukraine-with-love/
Etiketler ABB APS Arriva ATC ats Berlin Business CER Comment COMPAS EC Egis Electrification era EU Europe Events Fas Featured Fleet Freight GA gar Germany gr HADO Hungary ICE International internet IT Kiev level crossing Locomotives London Main line MAN Moscow NEC News NSW OBB ORAT ORR Passenger Train People Poland RAI Rail News ray Research RID RTA Russia safety SAR Seat Sel selfie Services siemens Ski Skoda Spor stations Technology TEM terminal THY Toyota tsi Ukraine UPS US Visa VR
Keolis Fires Its Executive Chairman Patrick Jeantet
Tube stations begin phased return


Welcome to your new life in Jesus! The Bible was written as individual books (like chapters) over many years by many different authors. It was originally written in Hebrew and Greek, and has been translated to English. We recommend you start learning by reading the book of John (page 101 in the New Believer's Bible you received at Life Church) to learn about Jesus' life and teachings.
When Jesus left the Earth, He told His disciples that he would send a helper – the Holy Spirit. Download or playback a teaching from Pastor Ryan about the power of the Holy Spirit in your life: Download Here.
• Join a Life Group: Whether about common interests or study groups surrounding Pastor Ryan's current series, these small groups are the best way to connect and grow with other believers.
• Join our Pastors for sandwiches and refreshments on a Sunday, learn about the culture of Life Church and ask any questions you have about getting connected: Connect @ Life.
• Download our Podcast to hear what God is speaking to Life Church.
• Not able to make it to service? We broadcast our services live. Click here to watch online.


Nursery (Infants to 3): We encourage Mommies that they will not need to miss the worship service because of caring for their babies or toddlers. Nursery care is provided during worship service. We have a special room full of toys and books and a small TV set to entertain our little ones. Caregivers can sit on the comfortable couch or rocking chair to hold adorable babies. Plus, there is a stereo system in the room so anyone in the room will not miss sermon of the day. If you are interested in signing up to be a nursery attendant, the sign-up sheet is available in the narthex.


All IT professionals planning to migrate to Australia are required to present his or her qualifications and work experience to the ACS. In case they lack the required qualification, then they get evaluated on the basis of this report which is termed as RPL. This is their one chance to present all their skills to the concerned authority and prove that despite lack of qualification, they possess all the knowledge that a tertiary ICT degree holder has.
The RPL report has two important sections which are Key Areas of Knowledge and 'Project Report form. Candidates can utilize this section to mention the specific area in which they have gained skill and the other section to demonstrate the same skill set using project reports.
Technocrats from all over the world look for career options to migrate and settle down in Australia. In order to obtain the migration visa, IT professionals have to clear an assessment test framed by the (ACS) Australian Computer Society. Every candidate who does not possess the necessary tertiary ICT (Information and Computer Technologies) degree is required to present an RPL report to the ACS.
This report is mandatory for a non-ICT candidate and they also have to assure it is written in the expected way. All the rules and categories also make it a complicated one to write. There are necessary criterions that have to be met and a proper format that needs to be adhered to while compiling this report. This is the reason why engineers at this crucial juncture of their career prefer to take professional help to write an RPL report.
Those planning to write their own report have to do an enormous amount of research before they actually begin their work. For this purpose, they need a credible source as one cannot rely on undependable sources. RPL report samples are an excellent source of reference and provide engineers with a clear view of what the EA expects.
For all those candidates that ACS classifies in the non-ICT category, RPL becomes a golden opportunity to demonstrate their competencies. This report is the one means that they can use to prove that they have knowledge equivalent to that of an ICT qualification holder. Doing well on this report can impact your visa procedure and make the entire migration process way smoother and easier for you.
Considering RPL Report is your one shot to getting your dream job, you certainly have to put in your best efforts into this report. There can be no errors of any kind be it grammar, spelling, format or the usage of proper Australian English. Another important thing to watch out for is that your report should not reflect plagiarized work. It has to be 100% original and authentic to your personal career graph. This is why engineers take no risk and only use the best resources to pen their RPL report. This includes getting the entire report written by a subject matter expert or even getting samples from qualified writers.
How our RPL Report Samples can be of use to you?
A perfect RPL report has to be in accordance with the various guidelines of ACS. It has to follow the given structure and information needs to be put in the desired manner. If the report is not articulate enough and fails to impress the assessor, then all your efforts will be in vain. Hence, it is best advised for all technocrats to go through a good sample report in order to get the exact idea of what goes into a quality RPL report.
We have a team of experts who are highly qualified and have an ample amount of experience writing premium RPL reports. These professionals have successfully cleared the evaluation of ACS and know exactly what the assessors look for in a report. Not only is the information provided in them of great value, but they also give a clear idea of how to effectively communicate the correct information without making the report look tedious.
The RPL sample reports that we provide are previously written reports that have passed the assessment test and now are a great source of reference. If you are looking for what truly works to clear the ICT skill test then these reports can help you identify it. Since they are written by our experienced writers, the data in it is substantial and the presentation is unmatched.
Our writers have mastered their particular discipline and have spent years on research work. Apart from their vast pool of knowledge, many tools are brought into use to assure that the report meets all the quality criteria. So, our RPL sample reports are completely devoid of any mistakes as they have been thoroughly proofread and edited. Moreover, special software is used to check the report for plagiarism and only when it clears all inspections, it is considered suitable to be handed to the client. The same report when studied as a sample helps you understand how a high-quality RPL report is written.
We have sample reports for various engineering fields and you can ask for as many samples as you want. One thing that you must keep in mind is that samples are only to be used for reference. You are not allowed to present them as original work or copy any part of them in your RPL report. This will be considered blatant plagiarism and ACS will disqualify your report.


text:
var util = require('util');
var url = require('url');
var net = require('net');
var fs = require('fs');
var path = require('path');
var domain = require('domain');
var cluster = require('cluster');
var os = require('os');
var core = require(__dirname + '/../lib/core');
var lib = require(__dirname + '/../lib/lib');
var db = require(__dirname + '/../lib/db');
var logger = require(__dirname + '/../lib/logger');

var pool = {
    name: "cassandra",
    configOptions: {
        typesMap: { json: "text", real: "double", counter: "counter", bigint: "bigint", now: "bigint" },
        opsMap: { begins_with: "begins_with" },
        sqlPlaceholder: "?",
        noCoalesce: 1,
        ifExpected: 1,
        noConcat: 1,
        noDefaults: 1,
        noAuto: 1,
        noNulls: 1,
        noLengths: 1,
        noReplace: 1,
        noBetween: 1,
        noCustomKey: 1,
        noCompositeIndex: 1,
        noMultiSQL: 1
    },
    createPool: function(options) { return new Pool(options); }
};
module.exports = pool;

db.modules.push(pool);

function Pool(options)
{
    options.type = pool.name;
    db.SqlPool.call(this, options);
    this.configOptions = lib.objMerge(this.configOptions, pool.configOptions);
}
util.inherits(Pool, db.SqlPool)

Pool.prototype.open = function(callback)
{
    var self = this;
    if (this.url == "default") this.url = "cassandra://cassandra:cassandra@127.0.0.1/" + db.dbName;
    var hosts = lib.strSplit(this.url).map(function(x) { return url.parse(x); });
    if (!hosts.length) return callback(lib.newError("no server provider"));

    var opts = { contactPoints: hosts.map(function(x) { return x.host }), keyspace: hosts[0].path.substr(1) };
    for (var p in this.connectOptions) opts[p] = this.connectOptions[p];
    if (opts.user && opts.password) {
        opts.authProvider = new cassandra.auth.PlainTextAuthProvider(opts.user, opts.pasword);
    } else
    if (hosts[0].auth) {
        opts.authProvider = new cassandra.auth.PlainTextAuthProvider(hosts[0].auth.split(':')[0], hosts[0].auth.split(':')[1]);
    }
    var cassandra = require('cassandra-driver');
    var client = new cassandra.Client(opts);
    client.query = function() { self.doQuery.apply(client, arguments) }
    client.on('error', function(err) { logger.error('cassandra:', err); });
    callback(null, client);
}

Pool.prototype.doQuery = function(text, values, options, callback)
{
    var self = this;
    this.execute(text, values ? lib.objClone(values) : null, options, function(err, result) {
        if (err) return callback(err, []);
        var rows = [];
        if (result && result.rows) {
            for (var i = 0; i < result.rows.length; i++) {
                var obj = {};
                result.rows[i].forEach(function(value, name) {
                    obj[name] = value;
                });
                rows.push(obj);
            }
            if (options && options.rowfilter) {
                rows = options.rowfilter(rows);
                delete options.rowfilter;
            }
            if (options && options.rowsort) {
                rows = options.rowsort(rows);
                delete options.rowsort;
            }
        }
        self.affected_rows = 1;
        callback(err, rows);
    });
}

// No REPLACE INTO support but UPDATE creates new record if no primary key exists
Pool.prototype.put = function(table, obj, options, callback)
{
    db.update(table, obj, options, callback);
}

Pool.prototype.close = function(client, callback)
{
    client.shutdown(callback);
}

Pool.prototype.prepare = function(req)
{
    switch (op) {
    case "search":
    case "select":
        req.options = lib.objClone(req.options);
        // Cannot search by non primary keys
        var keys = db.getKeys(req.table);
        var cols = db.getColumns(req.table);
        var lastKey = keys[keys.length - 1], lastOps = req.options.ops && req.options.ops[lastKey];

        // Install custom filter if we have other columns in the keys
        var other = Object.keys(req.obj).filter(function(x) { return x[0] != "_" && keys.indexOf(x) == -1 && typeof req.obj[x] != "undefined" });
        // Custom filter function for in-memory filtering of the results using non-indexed properties
        if (other.length) req.options.rowfilter = function(rows) {
            return db.filterRows(obj, rows, { keys: other, cols: cols, ops: req.options.ops, typesMap: req.options.typesMap || this.configOptions.typesMap });
        }
        req.options.keys = keys;

        // Sorting is limited to the second part of the composite key so we will do it in memory
        if (req.options.sort && (keys.length < 2 || keys[1] != req.options.sort)) {
            var sort = req.options.sort;
            req.options.rowsort = function(rows) { return rows.sort(function(a,b) { return (a[sort] - b[sort])*(req.options.desc?-1:1) }) }
            req.options.sort = null;
        }

        // Pagination, start must be a token returned by the previous query
        if (Array.isArray(req.options.start) && typeof req.options.start[0] == "object") {
            req.obj = lib.objClone(req.obj);
            req.options.ops[lastKey] = req.options.desc ? "lt" : "gt";
            req.options.start.forEach(function(x) { for (var p in x) req.obj[p] = x[p]; });
        }
        logger.debug('select:', pool.name, req.options.keys, req.options.sort, other);

        db.sqlPrepare(req);
        if (lastOps) req.options.ops[lastKey] = lastOps;
        if (!req.obj[keys[0]]) req.text += " ALLOW FILTERING";
        return;

    case "add":
    case "incr":
    case "put":
    case "update":
        req.options.hints = [];
        break;
    }
    db.sqlPrepare(req);
}

Pool.prototype.bindValue = function(value, info, options)
{
    if (options.hints) options.hints.push(options.typesMap[info && info.type] || (info && info.type) || "text");
    return value;
}

Pool.prototype.cacheColumns = function(options, callback)
{
    var self = this;

    this.acquire(function(err, client) {
        if (err) return callback(err, []);

        client.query("SELECT * FROM system.schema_columns WHERE keyspace_name=?", [client.keyspace], options, function(err, rows) {
            rows.sort(function(a,b) { return a.component_index - b.component_index });
            seld.dbcolumns = {};
            self.dbkeys = {};
            self.dbindexes = {};
            for (var i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) {
                if (!self.dbcolumns[rows[i].columnfamily_name]) self.dbcolumns[rows[i].columnfamily_name] = {};
                var data_type = rows[i].validator.replace(/[\(\)]/g,".").split(".").pop().replace("Type", "").toLowerCase();
                // Set data type to collection type, use type for items
                var d = rows[i].validator.match(/(ListType|SetType|MapType)/);
                if (d) data_type = d[1].replace("Type", "").toLowerCase() + " " + data_type;
                var col = { id: i, data_type: data_type };
                switch(rows[i].type) {
                case "regular":
                    if (!rows[i].index_name) break;
                    if (!self.dbindexes[rows[i].index_name]) self.dbindexes[rows[i].index_name] = [];
                    self.dbindexes[rows[i].index_name].push(rows[i].column_name);
                    break;
                case "partition_key":
                    if (!self.dbkeys[rows[i].columnfamily_name]) self.dbkeys[rows[i].columnfamily_name] = [];
                    self.dbkeys[rows[i].columnfamily_name].unshift(rows[i].column_name);
                    if (col) col.primary = true;
                    break;
                case "clustering_key":
                    if (!self.dbkeys[rows[i].columnfamily_name]) self.dbkeys[rows[i].columnfamily_name] = [];
                    self.dbkeys[rows[i].columnfamily_name].push(rows[i].column_name);
                    if (col) col.primary = true;
                    break;
                }
                self.dbcolumns[rows[i].columnfamily_name][rows[i].column_name] = col;
            }
            self.release(client);
            callback(err);
        });
    });
}

Pool.prototype.nextToken = function(client, req, rows)
{
    if (req.options && req.options.count > 0 && rows.length == req.options.count) {
        var keys = db.getKeys(req.table);
        return keys.map(function(x) { return lib.objNew(x, rows[rows.length-1][x]) });
    }
    return null;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
/ News / Treatment & Doctors
IMPRINT Mesothelioma Treatment Boosts Radiation Therapy
by Tim Povtak
Treatment & Doctors
Doctors confirmed a novel radiation procedure can be combined safely and effectively with aggressive lung-sparing surgery to improve survival time and quality of life for patients with mesothelioma.
After a decade of refinement, a small number of mesothelioma specialty centers now are using intensity-modulated pleural radiation therapy (IMPRINT) as part of the recent advancements in multidisciplinary treatments.
"We're hoping that all centers with experience in treating mesothelioma will now look at this as another technique to put in their arsenal," radiation oncologist Dr. Kenneth Rosenzweig of the Mount Sinai Health System told Asbestos.com. "It's exciting that technology has caught up with what we needed to help these patients."
Rosenzweig has treated mesothelioma for 20 years. He was an early contributor to the recent multicenter, phase II study of IMPRINT that found an acceptably low incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP), a potential adverse side effect. The Journal of Clinical Oncology published that study in June.
The study included patients at a New York cancer center, where Rosenzweig previously worked, and MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston.
Helps Lung-Sparing Surgery
The findings should strengthen the growing belief among mesothelioma specialists that the lung-sparing pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) is a better option for most surgical candidates than the extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP), which removes the entire lung.
Conventional radiation techniques of the past successfully decreased the risk of regional recurrence after an EPP, but it was difficult to safely deliver the same dosage levels without excessive toxicity to the lung after P/D surgery.
"One concern for surgeons was that if they don't remove the lung, and the patient does need radiation afterward, there isn't going to be a way to do it effectively. That was the challenge we were trying to overcome," Rosenzweig said. "But now I think if a surgeon has concerns about doing a more limited resection (P/D), we can allay that at this point."
The trial started with 45 patients who received pemetrexed, plus cisplatin or carboplatin chemotherapy. Eighteen of those were ineligible because of chemotherapy complications, disease progression or refusal of either surgery or radiation therapy.
Researchers began the IMPRINT stage with the remaining participants.
Manageable Rate of Side Effects
Eight eligible patients developed grade 2 or grade 3 radiation pneumonitis, a condition that creates pneumonia-like symptoms. All eight, though, recovered quickly after corticosteroid treatment. There were no grade 4 or 5 cases of radiation pneumonitis.
Twenty-one patients underwent P/D surgery. The other six were deemed unresectable and did not have surgery between chemotherapy and radiation.
The median progression-free survival and overall survival of all patients was 12.4 months and 23.7 months, respectively. Surgical patients had overall survival rates of 80 percent for one year and 59 percent for two years.
The one-year survival rate was 74 percent for those with unresectable disease, but the two-year survival rate dropped to just 25 percent.
Chemotherapy response played a big role in the survival rate, according to the study authors.
There was a 100 percent one-year survival rate and a 53 percent two-year survival rate for those with at least a partial response to chemotherapy.
"We know that giving radiation after surgery makes it less likely for the tumor to come back, but it's very challenging to deliver it safely when the lung is still there," Rosenzweig said. "Over the last 10 to 12 years, we've been working on this technique to deliver it safely. This is very encouraging."
Rosenzweig believes the study results will encourage more cancer centers to embrace the IMPRINT technique.
He also believes the next step is a larger, randomized, multicenter trial that will be even more convincing and ultimately improve the therapeutic options for mesothelioma patients.
"Even if radiation isn't the ultimate cure, it's still a good thing if we can get patients a significant amount of quality time with minimal side effects," he said. "It's a sign that things are getting better."
Free Mesothelioma Guide Medically Reviewed by Top Mesothelioma Doctors
Tim Povtak
Senior Content Writer
Tim Povtak is an award-winning writer with more than 30 years of reporting national and international news. His specialty is interviewing top mesothelioma specialists and researchers, reporting the latest news at mesothelioma cancer centers and talking with survivors and caregivers.
1 Cited Article Sources
Rimner, A. et al. (2016, June 20).Phase II Study of Hemithoracic Intensity-Modulated Pleural Radiation Therapy (IMPRINT) As Part of Lung-Sparing Multimodality Therapy in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Retrieved from: http://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2016.67.2675
Mesothelioma Treatment Guidelines Not Followed Often Enough
FDA Approves First New Treatment for Mesothelioma in 15 Years
Targeting Blood-Clotting Pathway Improves Mesothelioma Treatment
Research & Clinical Trials (272)
Asbestos Exposure & Bans (262)
Treatment & Doctors (224)
Legislation & Litigation (112)
March 4, 2019 Belgian EPP Study Shows Mesothelioma Surgery Extends Survival
March 20, 2019 Supreme Court Rules to Protect Navy Veterans in Asbestos Case
June 13, 2019 Study Combines PD-1 and CAR-T Immunotherapy to Treat Mesothelioma
Doctor Match Program
Find a Top Mesothelioma Specialist Near You
© 2019 by Asbestos.com and The Mesothelioma Center. All rights reserved. | Last Modified February 22, 2017

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


For fifty years, Justice and Peace has been advocating for human rights-based policies at the Dutch and international level. Our recommendations to policymakers rely on collaborative research together with our partners around the world.
Our publications reflect our advocacy efforts towards Dutch and European Union policymakers but also on the international scene through our consultative status with the Economic and Social council of the United Nations (ECOSOC) to give voice and power to the people we support.
Our current projects are built on this long-standing expertise of issues related to human rights defenders and forced migration.
The following publications can be downloaded or ordered (shipping costs) via info@justiceandpeace.nl, mentioning the title of the publication, your name and address.
The condition of Roma Precarity: Is there future for 'good practices'?
How to include men in activities related to gender equality?


While all of the winners were proud to accept their accolades, two felt especially honored in receiving perpetual awards introduced at the event – the Phil Parker Memorial Trophy in Modified Bike and the Chris Stewart Memorial Trophy in Supercharged Outlaws. Each year, the winner of Supercharged Outlaws will also have their name inscribed on a special Chris Stewart memorial shield housed at the Raceway's HQ.
"This is very special, because at this meeting two years ago I won my very first 'tree' and it was presented to me by Phil Parker," explained Crawford in accepting the Phil Parker Memorial Trophy.
"The bike was running like a dog all weekend, I had no shift lights and had been guessing all my gear changes, but all the other guys were making mistakes – I got out of jail so many times! And then in that last run, I ran a 0.01 light and ran within a hundredth of my dial-in – they were never going to beat me on that.
"With the way it went all weekend, I just couldn't believe it in that last run against Jake Hamilton that we were unbeatable – that was real special and I think there was a bit of Phil Parker sitting on my shoulder there for that one, I am sure of that.
On his way to the win, Crawford defeated Greg Oberti, Jase MacFarlane, Danny Rickard, Dan Dycer and then Hamilton, while Hamilton faced off against Edgell Mallis, Chris Hosken, and Mario Baker before enjoying a bye run in the semi-finals.
ANDRA thanks The South Coast Drag Racing Association as well as all of the volunteers and sponsors for an outstanding race track and a well-run event.
See Photo Galleries from the event at the ANDRA Facebook page – click here. Photos by Outlaw Images.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Since the discovery of X-ray synchrotron radiation from SN1006 \citep{koyama95}
it has been found that most young, shell-type supernova remnants (SNRs)
emit X-ray synchrotron radiation \citep[][for a review]{vink06b}.
For the youngest SNRs Cas~A, Kepler (SN1604) and Tycho (SN1572) this
radiation is confined to
a narrow region close to the shock front. This does not seem to be the
case for somewhat older, but physically much larger
objects like RCW 86, G266.2-1.2 \citep{slane01a}
and G347.3-0.5 \citep{cassam04c}. The X-ray emission from the
latter two SNRs does in fact only reveal synchrotron radiation,
and both have been detected in TeV gamma-rays
\citep[][]{aharonian05,aharonian04}.

It has been shown that the thickness of the X-ray synchrotron emitting region
is directly related to the post-shock magnetic field strength
\citep[e.g][]{vink03a}.
The relatively strong fields found are probably a result
of magnetic field amplification by cosmic ray streaming
\citep[e.g.][]{bell04,bykov05}.
The presence of X-ray synchrotron radiation is in itself an indication of
efficient acceleration, and if the cut-off energy of the photon spectrum
is determined by synchrotron losses, it is independent of
the magnetic field strength, but scales with shock velocity,
as $\propto V_s^2$ \citep{aharonian99}.

Here we report on the analysis of {\em Chandra}\ and \xmm\ data of the
northeastern (NE) part of \rcw\ (G315.4-2.1).
\rcw\ is an interesting SNR. The non-thermal X-ray emitting regions are broader
than those of the historical SNRs, and not confined to the forward
shock region, possibly as a result of projection effects \citep{vink97}.
In that respect \rcw\ resembles  G266.2-1.2 and G347.3-0.5.
However, unlike those SNRs \rcw\ also emits noticeable
thermal X-ray emission. This allows the determination of
plasma properties, which
can help to determine the conditions that may potentially
lead to X-ray synchrotron emission in older SNRs.
In particular the NE part
seems best suited for that
purpose, since the X-ray synchrotron radiation is confined to the region
directly behind the shock front, and, as a result,
the geometry of the emitting region is easier to asses.

\begin{table*}
\begin{center}
\caption{Best fit models for the \xmm\ MOS1\&2 spectra.}
{\footnotesize
\begin{tabular}{lcccccc}

\hline\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
          &       NE           & E bright      & E faint         & N bright     & N faint\\
\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
\noalign{\smallskip}
$EM{_1}$ ($10^{53}$cm$^{-3}$kpc$^{-2}$)
               & $12.6\pm1.9$ & $311\pm45$    & $70.6\pm 8.0$      & $219\pm48$        &$69.5$\\
$kT_{\rm e 1}$ (keV)
               & $6.7\pm2.6$  & $0.57\pm0.05$ & $0.93\pm0.07$   & $0.96\pm0.13$&$6.3\pm1.6$\\
$n_{\rm e}t_1$ ($10^9$~\netunit)
               & $2.25\pm0.15$& $6.7\pm0.6$   & $5.67\pm0.03$   & $4.0\pm0.3$  &$2.27\pm0.12$\\

\noalign{\smallskip}
$EM{_2}$  ($10^{53}$cm$^{-3}$kpc[$^{-2}$)
               & -            &  $43.8\pm5.3$   & -               & $40.9\pm5.6$        &  -\\
$kT_{\rm e 2}$(keV) & -       &  $3.0\pm0.3$  & -               & $3.2\pm0.6$   & -\\
$n_{\rm e}t_2$ ($10^9~$\netunit)& -  & $17.0\pm0.5$  & -               & $19.7\pm0.9$  & -\\
\noalign{\smallskip}
O              & 1           &\multicolumn{2}{c}{$0.56\pm0.06$} & $0.68\pm0.09$ & 1\\
Ne             & 1           &\multicolumn{2}{c}{$0.59\pm0.04$} & $0.72\pm0.07$ & 1\\
Mg             & 1           &\multicolumn{2}{c}{$0.44\pm0.04$} & $0.39\pm0.05$ & 1\\
Si             & 1           &\multicolumn{2}{c}{$0.27\pm0.04$} & $0.38\pm0.07$ & 1\\
Fe             & 1           &\multicolumn{2}{c}{$0.64\pm0.07$} & $0.79\pm0.14$ & 1\\
\noalign{\smallskip}
PL Norm ($10^{-3}$s$^{-1}$keV$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$
               & $1.22\pm0.03$&     -         &   -             &  -            &$1.8\pm0.1$\\
$\Gamma$       & $2.82\pm0.04$&     -         &   -             &  -            &$3.5\pm0.2$\\
$N_{\rm H}$ ($10^{21}$~cm$^{-2}$)
               & $4.1\pm0.1$ &\multicolumn{2}{c}{$3.6\pm0.2$}   & $3.6\pm0.2$   &$3.9\pm0.2$\\
\noalign{\smallskip}
C-stat/d.o.f.  & 190.6/169  &\multicolumn{2}{c}{(302+260)/230}& 182/85         & 242/103  \\
\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
\end{tabular}
\tablecomments{The models consist of either one or two NEI components,
or of an NEI component with an additional power law component.
Abudances are given with respect to the solar abunances of \citet{anders89}.
An entry ``1'' means the abundance as fixed to the solar value.
Entries covering two columns were obtained by fitting
two spectra simultaneously, and forcing
the parameters to be identical. The emission measure, $EM$, is defined as
$\int n_{\rm e}n_{\rm H} dV/d^2$.
The power law normalization is given at 1 keV.
All errors are 1$\sigma$ errors ($\Delta\chi^2=1$).\label{tab_spectra}
}}
\end{center}
\end{table*}

\begin{figure*}[t]
\centerline{
  \psfig{figure=f3.eps,width=0.95\textwidth}
}
\caption{\xmm\ EPIC-MOS spectra from the regions labeled in
Fig.~\ref{fig_maps}.
Left: logarithmic plots of a thermal and a non-thermal spectrum.
Right: a comparison of the line emission from various regions.
From the northeastern spectrum (in red, left panel)
the best fit power law model
has been subtracted in order to emphasize the thermal emission.
Dashed lines indicate (from left to right)
the energies of OVII He$\alpha$, OVIIILy$\alpha$,
and Fe XVIII line emission.
\label{fig_spectra}
}
\end{figure*}

\section{Observations and Analysis}
The NE  of \rcw\ was observed by {\em Chandra}\ and \xmm\ for their
joint program.
The {\em Chandra}\ observation (ID 500436) has a net exposure time of 72.6 ks  and
was made on June 6, 2004. The \xmm\ observation (ID 0208000101)
was made on January 26, 2004 with an exposure time of 60 ks. Both {\em Chandra}\
and \xmm\ observed other parts of \rcw\ before \citep[e.g.][]{rho02}.
Here we present {\em Chandra}\ imaging of the NE  part of \rcw\
(Fig.~\ref{fig_plate}/Plate 1),
but for spectroscopy we focus on the spectra obtained with\
the EPIC-MOS \citep{turner01} instrument of \xmm,
since it offers the best spectral resolution. For comparison we also
present an analysis of EPIC-MOS data of an observation of the northern part
of \rcw\ (Obs ID 0110011401, 18 ks). Moreover, we used all six observations
of \rcw\ by \xmm\ to produce the X-ray map shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig_maps}.
It also shows the spectral extraction regions.
Background spectra were taken from regions outside the SNR.
The data reduction was done with the standard software packages ciao 3.0 for
{\em Chandra}\ and SAS 6.5.0 for \xmm.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{
  \psfig{figure=f4.eps,angle=-90,width=0.9\columnwidth}
}
\caption{Broad band ($\nu F_\nu$)
spectrum of the NE region
with the 847~MHz
flux density based on archival MOST data. The models consist
of synchrotron radiation from power law, and concavely shaped electron energy
distributions with exponential cut-offs at high energies, convolved with the
synchrotron emission function \citep{ginzburg69}. The radio
spectral index is fixed to $\alpha = -0.6$ \citep{caswell75}.
\label{fig_broadband}
}
\end{figure}

The spectrum from the region labeled ``NE'' (Fig.~\ref{fig_spectra})
shows an absence of bright line features.
This is usually taken as a sign for synchrotron emission
\citep{bamba00,borkowski01,rho02}, but for \rcw\
it has been argued by some of us in the past that non-thermal bremsstrahlung
may be viable mechanism as well \citep{vink97}.
One of the reasons was the detection
of Fe-K emission at 6.4~keV in the southwest coinciding with
the hard X-ray continuum. This interpretation
was disputed by \citet{rho02}, based on energetic grounds.
Here we concur with that view. In fact the \xmm\ and
{\em Chandra}\ spectra of the NE region do not show any
evidence for Fe-K emission, providing additional evidence for an X-ray
synchrotron interpretation.

Figure~\ref{fig_plate} shows that along the shell
the X-ray emission changes from thermal radiation to predominantly
synchrotron radiation. Unlike in other parts of \rcw, it is
unambiguous
that in the NE the non-thermal emission starts at the shock front.
Surprisingly, the radio map shows that in the NE
the X-ray synchrotron radiation is not associated
with bright radio emission, but instead relatively weak radio emission.
In order to better determine the plasma
conditions of the X-ray synchrotron emitting regions,
we do not present here the spectrum extracted from the whole X-ray synchrotron
emitting region, but from a smaller region,
labeled ``NE'' in Fig.~\ref{fig_maps}, which shows more traces
of thermal emission.
Apart from the NE shell, we also
analyzed a faint region outside the main shell (``N-faint''),
which shows up better in
radio than in X-ray.

We fitted the EPIC-MOS spectra using the spectral analysis software SPEX
\citep{kaastra00}. The spectra are reasonably well described by a combination
of two non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) models or, for the X-ray synchrotron
dominated regions, by one NEI model and a power law spectrum
(Table~\ref{tab_spectra}).
The spectral fits indicate extreme departures from collisional equilibration,
even compared to other young SNRs, except for SN1006
\citep{vink03b}. Although the fit quality is not always satisfactory, both
the fitted models and the raw spectra itself (Fig.~\ref{fig_spectra}) show
that the fainter the
thermal emission, the lower the ionization degree.
This can be judged from the increase
of O\,VIII with respect to the O\,VII emission
and presence of Fe L emission from the brighter parts.
There is also a hint that the X-ray synchrotron emitting regions
contain hotter plasma, and are characterized by lower ionization parameters
({$n_{\rm e}t$}).
However, we caution that, since most of the continuum
is non-thermal, the temperature is solely determined by line ratios, making
it more sensitive to potential errors in the atomic data.
This may also explain the peculiarity that whenever a second thermal
component was fitted, its best {$n_{\rm e}t$}\ value was much higher than the
principal component. The second component
improved, in particular, the fit between
1 and 1.2 keV, dominated by $n=3\rightarrow 1$\ Ne IX line emission.

\section{Discussion}
A recent development in the interpretation of X-ray synchrotron
radiation is that the width of the region can be used to estimate the
downstream magnetic field. However, different groups have used, at face value,
different methods for estimating the magnetic field:
\citet{vink03a} assumed that the width, $l$,
of the X-ray synchrotron emitting region
is determined by a combination of plasma velocity relatively to the shock
front, $u$, and the synchrotron loss time $\tau_{loss} = 637/B^2E$~, i.e.
$l_{adv} = u \tau_{loss}$,
with $E$ the particle energy in erg and $B$\ the magnetic
field strength in Gauss.
The other method assumes that the width corresponds to
the diffusion length scale \citep{bamba05,voelk05},
given by $l_{diff} = D/u$, with $D = cE/3eB$ the diffusion coefficient.
In essence  $l_{diff}$\ is the length scale at which advection starts to
dominate over diffusion as means of transporting particles.
Both methods give a combination of $E$ and $B$, which can be solved by
using the fact that the observed photon energies peak around
$\epsilon = 7.4 B E^2~{\rm keV}$
Both methods rely on different assumptions. First of all,
for standard shocks $u = V_s/4$, but for very efficient shock acceleration
the compression factor may be stronger than a factor 4.
Secondly, the diffusion length method assumes  $D = cE/3eB$, which is
the smallest diffusion coefficient possible, as the particle mean free
path is then equal to the gyro-radius (the ``Bohm limit'').

It turns out that with both methods very similar magnetic field estimates
are obtained \citep{ballet05,vink06b}.
As shown by \citet{vink06b}, this is to be expected
if one observes the X-ray synchrotron spectrum near
the spectral cut-off energies:
The acceleration time for particles according to the first order Fermi
acceleration theory is, within a factor of order one,
$\tau_{acc} \approx D/u^2$\ \citep{malkov01}.
For electrons the acceleration is limited by synchrotron losses.
So there is only a net acceleration if $\tau_{acc} < \tau_{loss}$,
and the maximum energy is reached when
$\tau_{acc} \approx \tau_{loss}$ \citep{reynolds98}.
So:
\begin{eqnarray}
\tau_{acc} \approx \tau_{loss}
 \Longleftrightarrow
 D/u \approx u \tau_{loss} & \Longleftrightarrow
l_{diff} \approx l_{adv}
\end{eqnarray}
Therefore, $l_{diff} \approx l_{adv}$\ is the geometrical equivalent of
$\tau_{loss} \approx \tau_{acc}$.
Note that the {\em observational} fact that the diffusion length scale and
advection length scale methods give similar results is a justification
for the assumption that the diffusion coefficient is close to the  Bohm limit,
and a compression ratio close to the standard value of 4 \citep{vink06b}.

The {\em Chandra}\ image reveals a width of the X-ray synchrotron shell of
$\sim100$\arcsec, corresponding to $3.7\times10^{18}$~cm
for a distance of $d=2.5$~kpc
\citep{westerlund69,rosado94}.
Fitting a projected shell model we
estimate a physical width of $1.7\times10^{18}$~cm.
In addition we apply a factor 0.6, because the actual width
is a convolution of advection and diffusion processes (i.e. we
set $l_{diff} = l_{adv}$ in Eq. (1) of \cite*{berezhko04a}),
so
$l_{adv} = 1.0\times10^{18}$~cm.
Assuming that the
shock velocity is $V_s=600$~{km\,s$^{-1}$}\ \citep{ghavamian01}
gives inconsistent results for the two methods:
$B\sim90$~{$\mu$G}\
employing the diffusion length method, and 6~{$\mu$G}\ assuming
the advection length method.

However, if we no longer assume a shock velocity of 600~{km\,s$^{-1}$},
which after all was based on optical observations of a different part
of \rcw\ from which no X-ray synchrotron radiation is emitted, we
can use the condition that $l_{adv} = l_{diff}$ in order to
estimate $V_s$ and $B$,
using an observed photon energy of $\epsilon \approx 1$~keV.
We found that $B$
can be directly estimated from the
diffusion/advection length alone, whereas the plasma velocity only depends
on the photon energy:
\begin{eqnarray}
B \approx \bigl(\frac{c}{3e}\bigr)^{1/3}l_{adv}^{-2/3} =
24 \bigl(\frac{l_{adv}}{1.0\cdot 10^{18} {\rm cm}}\bigr)^{-2/3}\
{\rm \mu G},\\
V_s = u \chi \approx \chi \sqrt{\frac{\epsilon}{7.4
\frac{c}{3e \cdot 637} }
= 2650 \cdot \frac{\chi}{4} \sqrt{\frac{\epsilon}{1\, {\rm keV}}}\,
{\rm km/s}, \label{eq_aharonian}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\chi$ the shock compression factor.
Eq.~(\ref{eq_aharonian}) was previously reported by \citet{aharonian99}.
To get more accurate estimations one has to solve the, model dependent,
kinetic equations for the particle distribution.
For the moment, we estimate the error in the physical width due to distance
uncertainties and projection effects to be $\sim 30$\%,
resulting in an error in $B$ of $\sim 5$~{$\mu$G}.
The downstream magnetic field
therefore appears to be lower than for other SNRs \citep{vink06b}.
There is some uncertainty in the actual cut-off energy of the synchrotron
spectrum (see below), but uncertainties about the assumptions -
larger compression ratio, less efficient diffusion -
make Eq.~(\ref{eq_aharonian}) effectively a lower limit.

One may wonder why the shock velocity in some
regions may be so much  higher, and why it has not resulted in
a more distorted shell.
Here the thermal spectra helps to answer this question.
For all fitted regions the  {$n_{\rm e}t$}\ value of the primary component
is low, being {$n_{\rm e}t$}$=6.7\times 10^9$~\netunit\ even for the brightest region.
From the size of our extraction box,
we estimate that the emitting volume is $V= 10^{56}-10^{57}$~cm$^3$,
together with the emission measure this implies an electron density of
$n_{\rm e}= 0.5-1.6$~cm$^{-3}$. If we use this to estimate how long
ago the plasma was shock heated we find $t\lesssim 425$~yr.
This is surprisingly short for a large SNR as \rcw.
In such a time
the difference in radius between regions with low and high shock velocity
would be $\sim 0.9$~pc on an average shock radius of 16~pc.
The short interaction time supports the idea that
\rcw\ is a SNR expanding in a wind
blown bubble \citep{vink97}. Such SNRs expand rapidly for a long
time, but the shock velocity drops rather suddenly as soon as the shock
starts interacting with the surrounding shell swept up by the stellar wind
\citep[e.g.][]{dwarkadas05}.
This suggests that in \rcw\ the shock
has reached in some regions the dense shell around the bubble some 400~yr ago,
after which it rapidly decelerated.
In other regions the shock velocity is
still high, but, due to the low density, the thermal X-ray emission is weak.
This explains the coexistence of relatively weak radio synchrotron
emission with conspicuous X-ray synchrotron emission:
due to the lower density fewer electrons
are accelerated, but because of the high shock velocity they
can be accelerated to higher energies.

Interestingly, the X-ray synchrotron radiation is relatively bright,
with respect to the radio emission,
because we find that the simplest broad band synchrotron model, i.e.
synchrotron radiation from a power law electron spectrum with an exponential
cut-off does not fit the data (Fig.~\ref{fig_broadband}).
It can explain the X-ray flux, but not the
spectral slope. Instead the electron spectrum needs to be concave,
as predicted by non-linear shock acceleration models.
However,
we can not determine whether the electron power law index bends toward -2,
predicted for an overall shock compression ratio of 4, or toward -1.5,
predicted for strongly cosmic ray modified shocks
\citep{berezhko99}.

The NE region of \rcw\ has
properties resembling
those of the TeV emitting SNRs G347.3-0.5,
and G266.2-1.2: weak radio emission, and X-ray emission (almost)
entirely consisting of synchrotron radiation.
For \rcw\ the (weak) thermal X-ray emission indicates that these properties
are due to a low density combined with a, relatively, high shock velocity.
We speculate that  for G347.3-0.5 and G266.2-1.2 the shock
also moves through a low density region, e.g. a stellar wind bubble,
and
the shock velocity is similarly high.
\rcw\ may be different in that
some parts of the shock have reached the shell.
Inside the bubble the shock evolution can be approximated by the Sedov
self-similar model, but this breaks down as soon as the shell is reached.
Finally,
assuming a Sedov
evolution and using the apparent radius of 22\arcmin,
the age of the remnant is estimated  to be
$t = \frac{2r}{5V_s} \approx 2250 (V_s/2700\, {\rm km\,s^{-1}})$~yr.
This would put the explosion date of \rcw\ closer to AD 185,
the year a putative supernova was observed in China \citep{stephenson02}.
A shock velocity of $\sim 600$~{km\,s$^{-1}$}\
would be more consistent with a 10,000~yr old SNR.
Our results, therefore, strengthen
the case that the event recorded
by Chinese astronomers was indeed a supernova and that \rcw\ is its remnant.

\acknowledgements
JV is supported by a Vidi grant
from the Netherlands Organisation
for Scientific Research (NWO).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


1a. What did you think of the presentation by Daniel Fullerton titled 'Voidable transactions'?
1b. What did you think of the presentation by Linton Drever titled 'Treatment of gifts and loans by parents or family members in family law settlements'?
1c. What did you think of the presentation by Rob Jeremiah titled 'Trusts and Unpaid Present Entitlements (UPEs)'?
Thank you for completing the survey. We appreciate your feedback and look forward to seeing you at our next event.


Thank you for your interest in donating to the Metropolitan Emergency Support Services.
Metropolitan Emergency Support Services, Inc.
If you are interested in becoming a sponsor of the Metropolitan Emergency Support Service, Inc., or supporting our cause in any other way (volunteering or donation), please use our contact form to reach out to us. We will be happy to discus our current needs.
Again, thank you for your continued assistance to our organization.
MESS is an Illinois and Federal 501(c)3 charity organization. All donations are tax-deductible under IRS regulations.


The middle school team at Rutland Town School in Rutland, VT have been working on a more fully integrated implementation of personal learning plans (PLPs) at their school.
They're also passionate believers in student choice and learner-centered classrooms. Given some flexibility to change the school schedule, they came up with iLearn, a model of student self-direction and choice in tackling PLPs.
Members of the Rutland Town School middle school team — including Brian Crane, Erica Zimmer and Melissa Theis — presented their scheduling and school choice project, "iLearn" at the 2017 Middle Grades Conference. A transcript of the presentation appears below.
The Rutland Town School middle school team at the Middle Grades Institute, 2016. Brian Crane is second from left, Melissa Theis is fourth from the left, and Erica Zimmer second from the right.
Like any good idea, this was born from a problem.
Melissa Theis: Last year, we were trying to accomplish PLPs and I was the only one teaching all of our 115 students and trying to fit it in a 30-minute block, which was our flex time. Yes, we did PLPs, but it was not connected in any way to our teachers in the middle school. They had no idea what was happening with students, and it wasn't connected to our group at all.
So, we wanted to think of a creative solution to make those things happen: how to change our schedule to be able to do that.
Erica Zimmer: This year where we have what we call an "iLearn" block in the morning. Tuesday through Friday.
Before in the schedule, there would be electives and flex or response intervention time. But we noticed that a lot of kids that had to go to these response interventions missed out on a lot of the fun electives. And we wanted them to participate as well.
So we came up with this extended teacher's advisory (TA). It's done in two-week blocks, and on the first Monday of the block, students sign up for classes. They have a variety of options, and some of them are exploratory.
On the first Monday, students meet individually with their TA teacher — we wanted to preserve that relationship between the adviser and the student — to choose what they will do during iLearn, Tuesday through Friday for the two weeks.
Brian Crane: The bottom line is Mondays are PLP work; then Tuesday through Friday, the students are making the choice of where they go, which is really mind-boggling, allowing every student to make their own choices.
So, how can we use this new block of time that our administrators so generously gave us to build community and maximize student choice?
One thing to know about our district is our district, we are moving towards proficiency-based grading and learner-centered classrooms. In learner-centered classrooms, teachers no longer give direct instruction. I never get up in front of the room and explain, "Hey, density is equal to mass over volume." If I'm no longer giving instruction, the kids are in-charge of their own learning.
In my experience, they're making excellent choices. I've had to let go of a lot of things this year. It's been a hard but really, really profound year. I had to let go and let students make their choices: bad choices and good choices.
But without self-direction skills, it all falls apart. They can't drive their own learning if they don't know how.
That's where this iLearn comes in.
Brian Crane: One of the big problems we had is that we have around 115 students all signing up for iLearn classes essentially every other Monday. When you have 115 entries going in to the same spreadsheet, how do you get everybody to sign up at the same time?
What will happen is, for example, the Friday before the start of the iLearn block, students will get a listing of what office hours are available, when teachers want to work on content, and what exploratories are available, what special things teachers are offering.
I print out the menu Monday morning and make eight copies. I hand it to the students in my advisory. They review it. They circle their first choice on each day that that they have available and they'll bring it to me and we'll sit down and look at their choices.
The student will have all that information and they will come up to me and say, "Mr. Crane, this Monday I know that Math teacher is offering doodle and I'd like to participate in that." We talk about it and then I enter their name. At the same time, since this is a Google Doc, shared between all 13 advisers, you see things filling up.
As a team of educators, we made an agreement that there would be a 20-person cap on every iLearn.
If I'm offering "Ping-Pong Spins", it doesn't work to have 55 students on the table trying to learn how to spin a ping pong ball. We can't have that.
It is up to you as the mentor and adviser to say, "Hey, you signed up for three exploratories and I know you need to work, I know you have a project coming." And if you have a good relationship with the students in your advisory, that student is not going to say no. In my experience, all eight of my advisees are making excellent choices for themselves. They're splitting up office hours and exploratories where they think they need it. I've been really, really impressed by that this year.
Brian Crane: Some students say, "Hey, I don't think I'm going to office hours, I think I'm going to go to open library today", and then show up at office hours anyway. We've had to work through being better attendance-takers, making sure kids are where they're supposed to go.
We do allow them to change, though.
Let's say a student signed up for an exploratory, and then the next week they find that they're way behind or they were sick, and they want to switch into my office hour. We just talk to the adviser. We try to keep the communication up. That's happened in my team many, many times. And honestly it's been very powerful.
Erica Zimmer: One thing is that the struggle has always been on special education services. How do we ensure that it's fair for those students that have to have services? We have less than five students who have services Tuesday through Friday. Everybody is together on Mondays. There are no special education services on Monday because we believe that everyone should be together in teacher advisory.
The real challenge in our conversation that we have had is that if we have a student who on Tuesdays and Thursdays, has services, they might not be able to make both sessions of a single thing. So we've had to be really flexible because what we all agree is that we want it to be accessible for everybody. And fair.
This is, honestly, the best that we have been able to come up with. In past years, our special education students always missed electives. And we were like, "This isn't fair, it's not right." This is the best way we found to make it accountable.
Brian Crane: I have a TA member who receives a lot of services. And I've worked with the special educator to try to at least get that student into one of the exploratories each time so they're not missing out.
Erica Zimmer: As a tech innovationist, I can offer iLearn exploratories. I've just been doing things with what I have in my makerspace right now like 3D printing, and the kids love it.
Melissa Theis (school guidance counselor): And people like me.
Brian Crane: If anybody's available and they have something to share, then we've encouraged them.
Melissa Theis: Our behavioral interventionist is starting an exploratory this coming week. She's a dancer so she's going to lead a choreography class. That was born of a student who's really struggling right now and who's really into dance and choreography.
So, I'm going to cover the interventionist's behavior duties for that time so she can offer that class.
Once again, it's a really nice way for students to bond with adults in the building. That comes back to some of our core beliefs that we want students to make connections with adults and to see that we have interests and passions outside of ourselves in this area.
Brian Crane: We have guest speakers coming in the language FSC show.
Erica Zimmer: And a financial planner.
Brian Crane: One of the big deals we're having right now is we have students who want to give iLearns. We have the "Balloon Man" who wants to do balloon-building. So right now we're in the process of creating a structure around that so it's not a free-for-all and it's valuable for everybody. But I'm pretty sure we're going to make that happen.
Erica Zimmer: That's our desire: to eventually give this over to students. Right now, we're not allowing service choice 100 percent because we're directing what we offer. That's our final goal, is to really listen to students about what they want and offer what they want, not what we think we have to offer.
Melissa Theis: I think you came up with a name that it'll be: iTeach.
What do students think of iLearn?
Melissa Theis: We did a little questionnaire with the students to kind of gauge how do they feel this is going. These are some of the responses that they've said: that they thought it was working. A lot of students, they like not having to be stuck in one class for an entire time. Some of the responses were that being able to do the office hours seem to be really beneficial for them.
Brian Crane: Obviously, nothing is perfect.
One of the biggest things is how you make it fair for everybody. Some 8th graders think 8th graders should pick first. I mean, that makes sense sometimes but… I like to, say, 8th graders pick first one week; 7th graders pick first the next week. Every adviser does it a little bit differently, but that has been a challenge.
Brian Crane: "I make thoughtful choices about whether to sign up for office hours or exploratories based on my academic needs". We have 58 students strongly agreeing with that and another 48 students saying they agreed.
I think that's excellent. I gave this survey out at the beginning of one of my sessions. I said, "Please be honest, be fair. Be fair but be honest." And I think they have.
So, there's been a lot of change this year but I like to think of the iLearn block as a middle school, this is one of our shining lights. This is one of our things that we can think of about this year 2016-2017, while that was a hard year, we had a lot of challenges, but the iLearn is really a positive thing, an innovative thing – something new that we've created that our students love.
Overall, adding more student choice into the schedule seems to have gone over pretty well.
Erica Zimmer: We had a lot of change, and there's a whole lot of anxiety around all this change, but iLearn seems to be the constant that people are enjoying and liking, and it's the one thing that freely hasn't had a whole lot of complaints about teachers and students.
Melissa Theis: I've only heard positive from parents. That's uniquely different than anything in our school. But we have heard overwhelmingly positive about iLearn from students, from parents, and another team. Everyone agrees that this is something we enjoy doing and want to keep and works well.


We can make dreams come true on your special day. Gulati Catering Company has produced thousands of Indian weddings for almost 50 years, many of them famous, all of them memorable. Our experience and personal service has changed the way India celebrates weddings, and we will be at your service to make your special day an event to remember.
Creativity is the spark that illuminates every Gulati Catering Company's function. Talk to us about your ideas, listen to ours. If you've dreamed about it, we can make it happen. Together we will create the wedding of your dreams and memories for a lifetime. Our enthusiasm, energy and creativity are boundless.
Our virtuosity in creating the perfect Indian wedding – in all the glorious diversity that is inimitably Indian – testifies to our understanding of this all-important occasion, and our ability to present you with the perfect celebration. Our team can provide superior quality food and service, catering for a wide range of tastes. We know from experience what works well and we make sure our food has the right appeal to enhance your wedding day.
Each and every wedding that we cater to is treated with special care, with individual attention given to them according to their particular needs and requirements. There is a strict procedure we follow so that we are able to maintain consistent quality, which includes food sampling and displaying samples of crockery, cutlery, and glassware so that our patrons can determine what will best complement the decor and theme of the wedding. We collaborate and coordinate with the event planners and other allied service representatives, handling various departments to make sure that everything is flawless on your special day.
We have catered at most of the exclusive venues, where stunning gardens and outdoor areas are most suited for engagements, sangeets and mehendis, vidhis, or receptions.


The M7050 offers a solid machine with a versatile stitch collection that will see you through most sewing tasks. The abundant selection of accesory feet allows you to take on quilting, fashion or craft sewing with ease and confidence. Hard Cover and Extension table.


Take a walk on the mild side this May and experience Mau Mau's much-anticipated solo extravaganza and Brighton debut, The Mildlife Show.
This immersive mixed media exhibition features limited edition paintings and sculptures based around a series of animated shorts, shown in a luxury beach hut cinema.
Off the back of sell-out tours in Tokyo and London, these iconic artworks and animations juxtapose a host of Animal Farm-inspired characters with soundbites from world news, speaking volumes about social, political and celebrity culture.
See Donald Trump, Boris Johnson and Kanye as you've never seen them before, alongside Mau Mau's iconic Fox and a host of Animal Farm inspired characters.
Mau Mau has been active in the Street Art movement for the past 20 years, collaborating with names as diverse as Dizzee Rascal, Surfers Against Sewage and Greenpeace in his signature satirical style.
His bold art and philosophy are motivated by a passionate belief in justice and unity in the face of corporate giants and governments.
Prepare to be challenged, entertained and affirmed in equal measure by an internationally revered artist who doesn't pull his punches.
The Mildlife Show is exhibiting from 4th - 24th May, Wed - Sat from 11am-3pm.
Situated directly across from The Warren, the Bozboz Gallery is an ideal addition to the Brighton Festival and Fringe experience.
For enquiries, please contact [email protected] or call 01273 727581.


The 'show and tell' session with some of the juvenile reptiles.
The Leaping Lions visited the Madras Crocodile Bank on the 10th of August to observe and learn about reptiles. They were taken on a guided tour by Mr. Arul and team, the Croc Bank Educator/Zookeeper, who shared many interesting facts about the reptiles.
Many activities pre and post field trip were planned across all subjects.
LA: 'Miles and Miles of Reptiles' by by Tish Rabe was read to them.
During the Show and Tell, the learners learnt many interesting facts about reptiles and also had the opportunity to pet sea turtles, a baby crocodile and a python. They felt and observed the texture of their skin/shells.


Dizzyjam is committed to ensuring that your privacy is protected. Should we ask you to provide certain information by which you can be identified when using this website, then you can be assured that it will only be used in accordance with this privacy statement.
Dizzyjam may change this policy from time to time by updating this page. You should check this page from time to time to ensure that you are happy with any changes. This policy is effective from 25 May 2018.
Protecting against harm to the rights, property or safety of Dizzyjam, our Customers, or the public as required or permitted by law.
You may withdraw your consent at any time by contacting us by email - support at Dizzyjam.com with your request.
We will not sell, distribute or lease your personal information to third parties unless we have your permission or are required by law to do so. You may request details of personal information which we hold about you under the Data Protection Act 1998. If you would like a copy of the information held on you please write to us via support at Dizzyjam.com.
Dizzyjam is a trading name of Ramp Commerce LTD, a company incorporated in England and Wales, with company number 07079529 and having its registered office address at 3 East Point, High Street, Seal, Sevenoaks TN15 0EG .


Okay, so Boulevard Park is little bit of a quaint little residential neighborhood on the northern end but also has a bit of restaurant activity on the southern end where it borders Midtown. So it's sort the best of both worlds with really affordable rents to boot.
First, the homes here are mostly of the old wooden Victorian variety. You know the kind, where there are walk up steps and a veranda. There are also some bungalows and newer style homes sprinkled in, but for the most part it looks like the Berkeley flatlands in the East Bay.
Rents here in Boulevard Park are like those in the surrounding areas. You can find a one-bedroom for about $700 here and most homes go for less than $400K (though some are in the $400 to $600 range).
There aren't a lot of bars in Boulevard Park specifically, but there are so many nearby that it doesn't really matter.
I don't really know what the crime rate is like here, but I don't really feel in danger walking around during the daytime. Like any other city, of course, I wouldn't feel as comfortable walking the streets in the middle of the night but it seems okay to me.
Overall, this is a cool little neighborhood in which to live.


The Fluvanna Republican Committee will hold a Mass Meeting on Thursday, May 2, 2019 for the purpose of nominating a Republican candidate for the General Election on November 5, 2019 for the office of Board of Supervisors for the Fork Union District. To download a copy of the Official Call, please click here.
Participants may register immediately prior to the Mass Meeting in accordance with the Call. Participants who wish to pre-register may do so by completing a Mass Meeting Pre-Registration Form. Instructions are on the form.


text:
Montreal vows public consultation for condo towers on Spectrum site
In a war of words, the city called the developer's public announcement a "publicity stunt."
Linda Gyulai, Montreal Gazette
Devimco Immobilier, the Fonds immobilier de solidarité FTQ and Fiera Properties announced plans for a $700-million residential and commercial project in the heart of the Quartier des Spectacles.	Devimco
A developer's announcement of a $700-million project to build twin 50-plus storey residential towers in downtown Montreal caused a spectacle on Thursday, and not just because the proposed construction would fill the long vacant site of the former Spectrum concert hall in the Quartier des spectacles.
Mayor Valérie Plante and her administration refused to offer an opinion on the proposal to the media and denied knowing anything about it because, they said, the developer hadn't yet presented it to the Ville-Marie borough. The administration also accused the developer of staging a "publicity stunt."
The developer, meanwhile, said the proposal has been following "the normal process" to get a construction permit and said it has been working with civil servants in the borough to refine the project since the late summer.
The project at Ste-Catherine St. W. and Bleury St., dubbed Maestria, is a partnership of Devimco Immobilier, the Fonds immobilier de solidarité FTQ and Fiera Properties. It calls for towers of 51 and 53 floors containing 1,000 condo units and 500 rental units atop a ground level of commercial space and underground car parking. The towers, perched on the edge of the city's festival district, would be connected at the 26th floor by a glassed-in lounge and passageway.
What's more, Devimco president Serge Goulet and his partners said in an interview on Thursday that the project is scheduled to be presented to the borough's urban-planning advisory committee — known as the Comité consultatif d'urbanisme, or CCU — on Dec. 13.
The CCU can ask a developer to make changes before agreeing to send a project on to the borough council for approval.
"You don't discuss these projects with the elected officials," Goulet said, adding that the discussions with the borough have focused on soundproofing the buildings, traffic issues and safety.
"You start by discussing and settling with the bureaucrats in urban planning and permits. Then it goes to the CCU and then finally to council. … So it's a project that's following its course as any major project in Montreal. It's a normal process. The collaboration with the city is very good. We're very happy with how it's going."
Plante, who serves as borough mayor of Ville-Marie, reacted with surprise to the project. Later in the day, her administration dispatched Robert Beaudry, a councillor in Ville-Marie, to speak to reporters.
"I think it's a publicity stunt," Beaudry said, repeating the earlier words of Plante's spokesperson. "The developer wanted to launch his project in public before even presenting it to the bodies of the borough.
"It's too early to pronounce because the (developer) hasn't even deposited the project at the borough."
It's a paradoxical position for Devimco because a decade ago there was public outcry to then-mayor Gérald Tremblay's rezoning of Griffintown to allow Devimco to redevelop the district as a commercial centre without public consultations or seeking other proposals.
This time, politicians are complaining that they're last to be consulted.
Beaudry also insisted the Maestria project will be sent for public consultation in the borough. And the borough's approval is required, he added, because it now has to amend a 2013 bylaw that approved an office complex on the site. The complex wasn't built.
"There's going to be a public consultation and maybe there's going to be changes asked of the developer," Beaudry said.
A decade ago, Plante's right-hand man, executive committee chairman Benoit Dorais, was at loggerheads with Goulet over Griffintown. Dorais was Sud-Ouest borough mayor. His borough held its own public consultations on the redevelopment and Dorais later refused to attend a press conference with Tremblay and Devimco.
Meanwhile, Goulet said the Maestria project is "in full rights" because it doesn't require a zoning change. The towers would reach 168 metres, which is below the permitted maximum height of 200 metres, he said. The zoning permits mixed residential and commercial use, he added. So the project doesn't have to be submitted to the Office de consultation publique, he said.
The verbal tussle aside, Heritage Montreal's Dinu Bumbaru expressed concern about the impact of high-density development on the Place des Festivals and Ste-Catherine, adding that it's "very disappointing to see how downtown Montreal is peppered with ghost high-rises authorized by technical planners."
"Projects like this have potential impact on major public spaces and public investments in quality urban design," he said. They "should be exposed to a civic discussion."
Goulet said wind and light studies show either factor is helped by the project's design. Nevertheless, sunlight will be blocked on Place des Festivals for part of the morning, such as around 11 a.m. in June, he said.
The condos will range from 250 square-foot studios to penthouse units of 1,500 to 2,000 square-feet, Goulet said. Prices will range from $250,000 to $2 million. The apartments will rent for between $1,000 and $3,000 a month, he said.
The developer says construction would start in late 2019.
lgyulai@postmedia.com
twitter.com/CityHallReport
From the archives: History is closing up shop as Spectrum shuts down
Vanier College adopts new sexual violence policy While you were sleeping: PQ, QS stay official; suspicious St-Laurent death


text:
Home/Laws/USA/Russell County looks into the problem of selling vapes to young people
Russell County looks into the problem of selling vapes to young people
VAPE HKMay 16, 2019
There was a recent investigation on the distribution of tobacco and vapor products to minors by an undercover sting operation in Russell County, Virginia.
The development and execution of the operation that resulted in the referencing of two local vape shops for the sales to underage individuals was by detective Chris Kiser with the Lebanon Police Department, in association with the VA Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority, the Commonwealth Attorney's Office stated.
The appearance of the people charged in court has been slated for next month.
It has been revealed by a release that there are reports from school officials about the continuous usage of nicotine-containing products in schools, despite the success achieved in the efforts against distribution to minors.
Therefore, the decision by Russell County Sheriff Steve Dye and Commonwealth's Attorney Zack Stoots is to establish the rule that once they catch any minor with tobacco or vapor products in school, such individual would be charged for underage nicotine use.
The statement that follows was issued to News Channel 11 through email:
The enforcement of this initiative will be by local school resource officers with the patrolling of school environment by the office of the Russell County Sheriff. According to Zack Stoots, this serves as another ensample of the efforts of the local law enforcement agencies in protecting our children, and the commitment of our offices is to ensure that our juveniles are in good health and safe. Likewise, he continued that the diligence of the law enforcement involved in the investigation remains. He continued that he is hopeful that these actions will put shop owners on their toes in being further critical of the individuals that purchase the products and do what is required for the prevention of nicotine items such that they don't get to the wrong hands. This year, the Virginia General Assembly has extended the legal age of those who buy tobacco and nicotine vapor products to 21. This law will become effective on July 1, 2019.
wjhl
Youth Vaping Declined Sharply for Second Year, New Data Show


text:
Q: Simple code in Lucene 4.1 throwing a NullPointerException Tokenizer tokenizer
           = new org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardTokenizer
                                    (Version.LUCENE_41,new StringReader("!!!"));
tokenizer.incrementToken();

Throws
java.lang.NullPointerException
    at org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.std34.StandardTokenizerImpl34.zzRefill(StandardTokenizerImpl34.java:812)
    at org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.std34.StandardTokenizerImpl34.getNextToken(StandardTokenizerImpl34.java:1019)
    at org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardTokenizer.incrementToken(StandardTokenizer.java:180)

This code was working okay with Lucene 36, why is it thorweing an exception

A: I had the exact same problem as you (i.e. NullPointerException after upgrading to 4.1 from 3.6), although I am using a org.apache.lucene.analysis.TokenStream. After digging around in the Lucene source, I found that calling the reset method before calling incrementToken addresses the issue.
You can have a look at the documentation for the previous version here:
https://lucene.apache.org/core/old_versioned_docs/versions/3_5_0/api/all/org/apache/lucene/analysis/standard/StandardTokenizer.html#reset(java.io.Reader)

A: Perhaps you replaced the text passed to the StringReader in your production code when you posted it here, but "!!!" seems like something that could lead to odd behavior to me.  Since the string is entirely punctuation, I don't believe there are any tokens there for it to consume.  I'm honestly not sure what .incrementToken() should do when called with an input that has no tokens in it.
Have you tried it using an input with valid tokens?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sebadoh: The Freed Man
Tim O'Neil
Decayed, decaying, pleasingly hand-made but inestimably fragile.
The Freed Man
First date: 1989-09
this record was intended to be a mess, a stinking garden of delights... we expected a listener to be as open-minded as we believed ourselves to be... true hardcore...
-- Lou Barlow, 2007 (from the liner notes)
"I think everybody should have their own band, and they should get this one big show where everybody in the world plays."
"Yeah, that'd be wicked."
"That'd be the best."
"Everybody in the United States, a whole bunch of hardcore bands, joined together, and we'll have Woodstock.
"Where, you gonna finance it?"
"Yeah, I'd help."
-- Unidentified conversation, "Julienne"
As I write these words I live about ten minutes' drive from where this album was originally recorded, about 20 years ago and in an entirely different world. Eric Gaffney and Lou Barlow were Western Massachusetts boys, having spent the majority of the 1980s drifting around the local hardcore scene, doing time in various small and medium sized bands before coming together in 1986 as Sentridoh. Barlow subsequently rose to medium-grade obscurity during his stint with college-rock stalwarts Dinosaur Jr -- remember when "alternative" was "college"? -- before being kicked out at the beginning of 1989. Thankfully, Barlow and Gaffney had signed a contract with Gerard Cosley and Homestead records as Sebadoh just a week or so before Dinosaur Jr pulled the rug out. Gaffney had at the time been working at a Cumberland Farms gas station.
Gaffney and Barlow were living with their girlfriends on the Smith College campus, in the Friedman dormitory (hence the title). (Smith was then and still is now an all-girls' school, so they kept a low profile.) There were rumors that their housemates were Satanists, which prompted another resident to vacate, leaving an empty room for Gaffney and Barlow to record the four-track master tapes that would become The Freed Man, released in September of 1989. Just a few months later, following Cosley's lead, they were already trying to get out of their ill-conceived contract with Homestead. After the The Freed Man and Freed Weed and Weed Forestin' albums (ingenious repackagings of the same material across different formats to get out of their record contract -- a rock and roll tradition!), Sebadoh found Jason Loewenstein and convened to record their last Homestead album. III followed in short order, and the first of many tumultuous, traumatic line-up changes ensued soon after that -- essentially, business as usual for one of the post-hardcore indie lo-fi scenes' founding institutions.
I think that a knowledge of the geography of Western Massachusetts -- particularly the Pioneer Valely where Sebadoh was born and incubated on these tapes -- is necessary to really understand the appeal. New England is Lovecraft country, home to some of the oldest European settlements in America and heaving under the weight of history, filled with lush verdant greenery and decaying masonry from generations of cyclopean red brick factory buildings abandoned by receded industry. These earliest Sebadoh recordings carry a similar quality -- decayed, decaying, pleasingly hand-made, but inestimably fragile.
There really isn't any better distillation of the "lo-fi" ethos than what can be found on these tapes: this is a moment in history, between when four- and eight-track tape machines were made cheap and plentiful enough for home recording to become a serious craft and the advent of cheap computing and the subsequent democratization of hi-fi recording techniques. These tracks make III sounds like Journey. They may not have been "hardcore" in the sense of playing fast and hard, but they were definitely DIY to the core.
To a degree the songs themselves are almost beside the point, and certainly those looking for the eventual blossoming of Barlow and Gaffney's songwriting skills will have to look further, to III. Most of the material on The Freed Man barely rises above the level of sketch. Certainly, there are highlights: I'm fond of the slacker-Beach Boys harmonics on "Julienne" (sort of an antecedent to Panda Bear's warped mingling of the lo-fi and electronic traditions) and "Crumbs" is moody and splintered in just the right proportions. "Cindy" barely makes it past the one-minute mark, but there's a depth and density that belies the origins.
The constant use of looped samples and found audio adds a surprising bit of color to what would otherwise be extremely grayscale recordings. But that, I think, points to the common thread that makes these recordings so interesting, if not exactly essential: this is the sound of learning to make more with less, making a fetish of trashy aesthetics and turning warped sound into it's own reward. Whether by turning the hiss of a crackling cassette into a moody mid-range, or using clipped dialogue taken from the radio to add psychedelic heft, there are a lot of ideas here that sound daft but are rewarding in execution. Kind of like Sebadoh themselves.
Lou Barlow: EMOH (2020 Reissue) | Music Review - PopMatters ›
sebadoh the freed man


The original Blue is painted by Christiane in 2016. Oil on linen, 130 x 160 cm. you can now one of 50 high end Epoxy versions of this great work. Choice of various sizes from 60 x 73.8 cm, see below including an additional cost.


You asked for a funky chart---well this is it! Another fabulous adventure by the chicken-master Kris Berg, and this time he plucks another prize-winner with "R U Chicken?" Written solos are included for trumpet and tenor sax, and the lead trumpet range is up to written B-flat. A great closer for any concert or festival performance. What a title. What a chart! This title is available in SmartMusic.


text:
NFL Super Bowl locations: 2022, 2023, 2024 including dates
Super Bowl LV is, for now, still scheduled to be played on Sunday, Feb. 7, 2021, at Raymond James Stadium. Anyone who wishes to attend a Super Bowl in the near future now can start planning.
The NFL has announced where the Super Bowl will be played for the next five seasons, with next year's game being played in Miami. The state of Florida will also host the Super Bowl a year later in Tampa.
Here are the future Super Bowl locations for the next four seasons:
Super Bowl LVI: February 6, 2022, LA Stadium at Hollywood Park, Los Angeles, California
Super Bowl LVII: February 5, 2023, State Farm Stadium, Glendale, Arizona
Super Bowl LVIII: February 4, 2024, Mercedes-Benz Stadium, New Orleans, Louisiana
Every stadium except LA Stadium at Hollywood Park, which is currently being constructed and plans to open in 2020, has hosted a Super Bowl before.
Filed Under: News & Updates