put them in a sandy gravely soil on a mound or slope must be very well drained in a sunny spot,dont trim them,if you are moving it from the ground to another spot do not disturb that root system at all,if you can hire a backhoe to dig it out these trees a re very funny when it comes to moving them,like I said take as much soil with it around the root system as you can,i would not even attempt to do it by hand as you will disturb them too much and no native plant likes to be moved.
CAn you please give me some feedback to help me with a successful transplantation of semi mature grass trees. What will help them survive?
I would be really greatful of some advice to keep them alive. They look great, what will help me keep them going?
Do I need to cut them back?
Every plant that I have seen ready for transplanting has had the leaves trimmed to around 30cm or less, I assume to reduce transpiration stress.
They do not have an extensive root system. They need good drainage, so raise the planting spot if needed, and give it an open sunny aspect. Keep moist but not soggy, so test the soil in the top 4-5cm for dryness before watering again. I think a mulch of small gravel or course sand, failing that, leaf litter to retain moisture during the summer and keep soil temperature from extremes while the plant is establishing is a good idea.
I am wanting to find out a little infomation in regards to a blackboy plant that i have in my backyard. The plant is about 6 years old, and this year was the first time it flowered. The plant has always been extremely healthy, but within 1 week it looks like it has started to die. I am unsure if it has to do with the large 8ft flower, if that is draining the plant, do not know if to cut the flower off, or if it is normal for the plant to go brown, which i would doubt, as all the foilage has drooped down to the ground and not standing up. Nothing has really changed in its environment, only climate.
Your help would be much appreciated, as it would be a shame to see this beautiful plant die.
I have not heard of Xanthorrhoea dying off like you describe. I wonder if you have changed your watering pattern and the plant has received too much water and the drainage is not as good as it was. It seems from everything I have read that good drainage is very important.What a shame to lose a plant so well grown and at flowering stage. It is probably worth while excavating around the plant reasonably close to the trunk to check moisture levels. The root system is not extensive. You may be able to save the plant by cutting foliage back heavily and transplanting into a postion with improved drainage.
I would like some information please. We have a Blackboy tree that is 4 metres tall and the trunk is about 2 metres. We know that it must be really old. The 5 heads have been dropping off over the last 3 years. On inspection down the arm where the head fell of it appears brown and muddy. Is this normal? and is the trunk hollow? It would be a shame to loose it.
It sounds like you have rot in the stems as what you describe is not normal. I would cut below the rot area until you come to solid stem and treat the area with a fungicide such as 'Fongarid' or some thing that is available for painting on fruit trees that suffer collar rot. Wash whatever you make the cuts with in disinfectant.
I wonder if the tree is under the canopy of other trees which drop leaf litter and bark? If so and it is possible cut back the overhanging branches. In any case I would regularly clean leaf litter from the crowns. Has the drainage around the root zone of your tree changed? It would be a shame to lose such a well grown tree.
Hi Connie, thanks for your reply does the collar rot progress down the whole trunk of the tree, as it is a very large grass tree. There is no overhanging trees and the drainage system hasnt changed. If you lean on the trunk the whole tree wobbles is it usually that moveable. Would controlled burning be of any benefit we havent tried this we have been in the house for nearly 4 years and the tree was here when we moved in. As you say we would hate to loose such an old tree, and it is a great feature in our garden.
I'm living in Switzerland. 1 year ago I brought me a blackboy tree. It's a beauty! Now, since about 3 month, 3 young xanthorreas are growing up realy quick from the ground. They now about 35 cm tall. The mother plant is about 100cm tall. Is it a good or a bad sign? I know, in Switzerland we have a complet different clima than in Australia. Can you give me a few hints for our special cold clima? Thanks a lot for your help!
I have bought a property with some established black boys. Do they actually need pruning?
I have never heard of a need to prune other than to tidy the leaves perhaps when any die off. You also may like to remove the old flower spikes. Lucky you to have established plants.
Thanks for your reply Corinne. One last thing, we notice that some people burn the trunk of these trees. Do you recommend this?
I don't have an answer for you on that problem. The plants do not have an extensive root system, however the weight of the root ball with soil could break the roots from the stem. If you can, get a tarp around the roots and lift/drag the plant by that, place in the hole, and slide the plant from the tarp. If a lot of roots are uncovered or broken, cut some of the foliage back. If it is going to be hot in your locality, I suggest a temporary cover with shade cloth, or a sheet/curtain. Keep the soil damp, not wet.
we had two blackboys planted in Jan this year, one 3m plus and one 2m high, they are planted near each other in a V shape. The taller one is excellent, the smaller one's foliage has gone dead but has some minor new green foliage in the middle. i cut back the dead foliage today and noticed that its quite moist in the middle and the foliage can be easily pulled out, what does this mean? the landscaper said to water 3-4times a week and on top to help hydrate it. What do you recommend? Is their rot in the top?
we burn ours after they finish seeding,they will look a bit sick for a few weeks but them they grow back better than ever,ours had one trunk before we burnt it now it has two looks a lot better after the burn,we set it alight with a blow torch and just let it burn like it would in a natural fire.
we were given a "blackboy as a present about two years ago, it is about a metre high and at the start the grass was sticking up and it looked really happy. It was in a spot in the shade and had the water from the drain dripping down onto it which it surprisingly seemed to love. We moved about 7 months ago and the day we moved the grass wilted and all of the new re growth does the same thing. On the grass there are tiny dark brown marks and after just having a good look there seems to be some kind of ants nest in there?
It is very dry and in a big pot and out of direct sunlight. Are all of these features normal as we have never had a "blackboy" before??
It sounds to me like a fungal condition in the root zone. Are there any ants in the nest? Any signs of other tiny creatures? If the soil is moist, hold off more watering until dry at 3-4 cm depth from the surface. Check that the soil in the pot has not become non-wetting. Soil wetting granules will solve that. Follow packet directions. Unless it is a species from a swampy area, grass trees need very good drainage. In a pot, the plant would need moisture, but it is possible to overwater. I would use a seaweed solution and water around the rootzone and over the leaves to try to stimulate more root growth. (Follow directions on the container.) Grass trees generally prefer open sunny conditions, but if the plant is stressed, keep it in a sheltered position, with good light and possibly some morning sun. If ants are present, treat them and find the origin of the ants' nest. They will often take over a pot.
Great thank you so much. I couldn't find any other little creatures and we have gotten rid of the ants and i cut back the grass. It looks 100% healthier now. We will do the granules and the seaweed solution.
How did you treat the ants please? We have done in the trunk of our tree and I don't want to harm the tree whilst poisoning the ants?
I have about 50 Xanthorrhoea seedlings about 2 months old in pots. I wont be planting them in out for maybe 2 years, what are the do's and don'ts of making sure they survive?
he main thing to do is use deep pots, eg milk cartons with the bottom corners cut off for drainage. Be aware that they weaken with age, but if you have the plants in a box that will hold everything together until you are ready to plant out. You can plant them out sooner, and put a rock or stake beside each plant so that you keep track of them. You can buy long black plastic pots which have root trainers. They are about the size and shape of milk cartons.
Tear the milk carton away, or up end, according to how tight the cartons feel. Even though they disintegrate, it takes a while and you really want the roots to establish and spread as quickly as possible to take advantage of available moisture.
We have a black boy plant in out front yard, which grew a large stalk out of it and flowered during the warmer months. The large stalk (apporx 2 feet tall) is now very dark brown and seems to be weighing the plant itself down a bit, and not looking too healthy. Should we be cutting this off? What happens to the stalk if we just leave it?
I obviously lost track of time with this. I hope you realised that it was ok to remove the old flower stalk. The stalks become interesting things on the plant, but you are probably better off cutting them off eventually so that the next flower stalk comes through without distortion. In the wild you find some old stalks on the ground, and some insect damage on the ones on the plant.
I planted 4 grass tress this year and 3 of them now have sprung these big flower stems, which is growing very fast.
What is the normal maintenance required when these flowers appear – should it be cut back to the stem as it may attract pests ? or should I leave the flower as it is.
You are so lucky! How wonderful to have flowers stems forming. You have nothing to but watch this amazing thing unfold before you. The birds will visit the flowers when they form and open, and this is how pollination occurs. When the flowers finish you have a couple of choices: leave the flower stem as a curio for a while before you cut it off near the leaves, or cut it off as as soon as the flowers have finished. Sometimes you see a distorted flower stem and I believe that insect damage may cause this. However these are often seen as interesting variations when seen in the wild.
I WAS GIVEN A BLACK BOY,ABOUT A METRE TALL AND WITH A VERY THICK TRUNK, 2 SUMMERS AGO. 80% OF THE TRUNK IS BLACKENED, THE TOP 20% IS COVERED WITH THE STUBBLY ENDS OF DEAD LEAVES. IT'S STABLE IN A VERY BIG POT BUT HAS BEEN INSIDE THE WHOLE TIME AS ITS VERY WINDY HERE AND THE POT IS MUCH TOO HEAVY TO MOVE IN AND OUT AS THE SEASONS CHANGE. THE FIRST WINTER IT WAS IN AN UNHEATED ANNEX BUT LAST WINTER THE ANNEX WAS HEATED. IT'S BEE WATERED SOMEWHAT ERRATICALLY AS ADVICE SEEMS TO VARY FROM – THEY DON'T NEED MUCH/ANY WATER – TO – THEY NEED WATERING REGULARLY. IT'S NOT GROWN ANY NEW LEAVES SINCE I GOT IT. IN FACT, IT'S NOT DONE ANYTHING. ON ADVICE, A COUPLE OF MONTHS AGO I CUT OFF ALL THE REMAINING DEAD LEAVES AND GAVE IT A GOOD SOAK (ITS IN FREE-DRAINING COMPOST) ON THE GROUNDS THAT THIS MIGHT KICK IT INTO THINKING THE RAINS HAD COME, BUT STILL NOTHING. IT COULD BE MOVED INTO A VERY LIGHT BUT UNHEATED CONSERVATORY BUT HOW DO I KNOW WHETHER IT'S DEAD OR NOT?
It is possible that the plant is not dead. In a pot the rule is to check the moisture 3-4 cm below the surface. If it is dry, then water. The idea is to water thoroughly then check and water as needed. Plants in pots that dry out completely have no source of regaining moisture unless they are outside where it rains regularly. I would move it to where it gets a lot of light. They do not grow under trees in the wild, but need full light and sun. Water the pot with a seaweed solution to help stimulate new root growth, following directions on the container. Make sure the potting mix is actually getting wet when you water it as many potting mixes become water repelling when they are allowed to dry out. This causes water to run down the sides of the pot and not actually soak into the mix. If you find any soft or soggy spots on the stem or crown or around the base of the stem water with a fungicide. Other than species that grow naturally in swampy areas, grass trees are in general quite frost hardy, so should not need to be in a heated area. You should see some response as you move into your autumn.
Will my a Xanthorrhoea johnsonii regrow a flower? My tree grew a flower stalk last spring which was something special, but unfortunately i came home today and the stalk was broken of at the base.
If it will regrow a new stalk is there anything i need to do to promot the growth a of a new one?
A separate new flower stem will grow. The old ones are sometimes left because they can be decorative, but usually cut back.
If you are going to burn it it is the leaves that are burned. Burning is sometimes used to stimulate flowering. However, are you allowed to burn in your area? Quite frankly I don't know how to do it. I would try a quick burn with the sole intention of tidying if it was possible to actually do the burning.
I have a blackboy that flowered this year. Very impressive. We want to tidy it up, do I burn the undergrowth of the blackboy to tidy it up. Do I burn the trunk / leaves ??? And if so how do I go about it?
We have a beautiful massive grass tree in our front yard. Unfortunately it appears to be dying. The skirt has turned very yellow and the top has black spots on it.
Do you have the green tufts of leaves at the top of the plant? If those have gone then I suggest that you kave lost the plant. If you have green leaves above the yellow there is still hope. Cut off the yellowed leaves. The black spots suggest fungal disease and an unthrifty plant. Try a fungicide (ask at garden centre) on the leaves, water the root zone with seaweed solution to stimulate root growth and check the drainage around the plant. It may have been too wet for too long. If your soil is heavy, poke a fork into the ground around the trunk and sprinkle with gypsum, 1 Kg to the square metre, and water into the holes. This assists with opening up the soil around the root zone.
Xanthorrhoea preissii most certainly DOES grow a substantial trunk up to 3 metres!
You are correct! I just checked my books and must have muddled them at the time of writing. Thanks for letting me know. I have edited the original post. My plant of X semiplana is beginning to take off. I raised it from seed years ago.
I have two mature grass trees about 2 metres high planted three years ago and gets most of the late morning sun.
They was not much change for the for two years, then they produced their flower stalks but the never flowered, so I was told to cut them off to reduce any stress.
One tree has not produced any new leaves at all but the other has, and they seem to be browning on the ends of the foliage, in fact, each time I trim the older leaves back to halfway, they seem to brown again even futher up the foliage. Even the new leaves are beginning to brown on the ends.
I have treated them with Ground Breaker and Seasol in the past and have kept up their watering.
Can you please advise why this is happening and how can I improve their health – I dont want to lose them as they're a great feature.
Are you perhaps over watering? At this time of the year they shouldn't need very much unless you missed out on winter rains. My source suggests it may be beneficial to use a fungicide to drench the soil around the rootzone, then use a seaweed type product that promotes root growth. You may have fungal issues around the rootzone.
its a big mistake a lot of people have growing blackboys they water them too much or feed them,just leave them alone and they grow very well.
Lorraine your quite right…. Blackboys need little care, a well drained sand loam type soil is best. If burning be very careful as they are extremely difficult to put out and can get out of control if near a house or shed etc.
I bought a grass tree 1 week ago it is about 1 metre tall what i have notice is the tips have gone brown i have been watering it each day with a watering can around 10 litres each day it is in a garden which is a mix of organic black soil and river sand is this normal or is it just a reaction to being planted i water it in the first day with seasol.
Please reply. See reply below about fungicides as well. Over watering can stimulate root rots.
Cease watering immediately, apart from a dose of seasol to help stimulate new root growth. You are drowning the plant. They are not palms. Wait until the ground around the base is dry to a depth of at least 3cm. (poke your finger into the soil to test it) before watering again. Hopefully there is still enough warmth in the soil to stimulate new roots.
I have a grass tree which grew a 1m stalk, the stalk has brown furry like?? on the top 300mm what should I do with this if anything?
I'm fairly sure some species have this 'fur' on the flower stalk. I hope the flower stalk has continued to develop for you.
We have a large grasstree that has been damaged by a tree that was blown over in a recent storm. It has a trunk about 1m high and then three arms up to 2m long. Initially there didn't seem to be any damage to the grasstree, but in recent weeks the arm where the bulk of the tree came to rest, has started to break apart. Am I right in thinking this will spell the end for the plant? I really hope it doesn't as it must be pretty old, it flowers every year, and is a main feature in our garden.
I would have thought that if you cut the damaged arm back behind where it is breaking, using a saw, it might actually shoot again. My references say that after bush fire most grass trees will send out new shoots, so this could also happen after damage. Our species in SA don't appear to develop arms like that so I don't have first hand experience. It certainly would be a shame to lose such a large specimen.
We have a lovely black boy that we have ared r for almost 5 years. The leaves have just flopped and look rather yellow .this happened after some high winds and rain.
Hi, we have just trimmed back all the brown leaves on our grass tree only to discover the centre where the 2 heads meet started falling away and it's riddled with black ants. This area is dry not wet. The tree is doing really well it was here when we moved in 4yrs ago & has given us 3 flower stalks every year. Should we pull away what is loose anyway and how do we get rid of the ants.
The ant powder should also get rid of the ants in the grass tree, or try spraying a vinegar solution. A friend used ordinary crawling insect spray once.
Pull away the loose material. How wonderful to have 3 spikes each year.
I moved a large two headed plant 8 months ago and the leaves started to brown soon after , I was told to sprinkle brown sugar around the base and keep moist , well it worked a treat so well in fact the leaves have regenerated and now I have a flower stalk about half a metre high.
Hi' I have a grass tree and it was given to me it is doing really well and looks terrific but there is, black egg things on the grass stems, can you give advise how to get rid of this.
Are they something like scale? If you crush them it will appear as a 'body'. If it is scale you can get a product that smothers them, like white oil. Otherwise possibly droppings from a caterpillar? Unless it is doing damage let the rain remove it.
This sounds like a case of rot. Check the spot where the top came away. If it is mushy I suspect that is the issue. Use a fungicide. Check the drainage around the base of the plant. If your soil is heavy add gypsum at the recommended rate. Some grass trees naturally grow in swampy areas but most require good drainage. Watering the root zone with a seaweed product like Seasol helps to stimulate root growth.
I was wondering if you were able to save your grass tree?
I have a blackboy in a pot an the the grass leaves are sagging and do no not have the effect of my other blackboys. Please help.
Because the plant is in a pot I have to suspect over watering which is easy to do especially if the potting mix is becoming non-wetting. Which was my other suspicion. Non wetting potting mix means the water is running through the mix or down the sides and leaving the mix powdery which you will find when you scratch around in the mix. If this is the case, apply soil wetter as per instructions on the container and water in with seaweed solution. If over watering, the roots are rotting. The seaweed solution may stimulate new root growth. The other possibility is that you pot is too shallow.
I would like to tidy up my grasstrees by trimming off the dead skirt. Can this be done at any time of the year?
Hi, I noticed ant trails on my blackboy and after scrapping the trail with my fingernail I saw white ants, how can I get rid of them and save the blackboy?
Try an insecticide spray on the trunk. Try to prevent ants by finding their nests nearby. There may be scale in the leaves which may have attracted the ants in the first place. Look for a suitable treatment at your local nursery if this is so.
I have just transferred some young x glauca plants. Do I need to trim back the existing leaves? They look pretty good but the leaves are separating rather than staying together as before.
Sometimes you need to trim foliage to retain balance between roots and what they can nutritionally support above ground.
I have planted a grass tree about 7 months ago and noticed today a stalk already growing, the tree is about half a metre tall should i cut the flower stalk or let it grow..
My blackboy is abour 60cms tall and produced its first flower spike recently. When about 50cms tall a vandal broke it off. Will this flower spike grow again. If not how long before I can expect another? The tree came from Qld.
The current stalk will not regrow, but you should be able to expect a new flower stem each year.
I have a black boy which till about a week ago was lush and beautiful. The tips of the grass has gone yellow and it appears to be dying off under the grass at a quicker rate.
Where do Blackboys grow… do they get watered once a week… not really. Blackboys need little care, a well drained sand loam type soil is best. If burning be very very careful as they are extremely difficult to put out and can get out of control if near a house or shed etc. If buying from garden centre leave outside in a pot for 12 months before planting.
The queen should be in there, however I would probably use Ant Sand (Mortein I think) as the workers will transport this right into the nest.
I cannot remember whether I replied to you at the time, but any treatment aimed at getting into the nest should also kill off the queen and all other ants. Things like antsand is carried into the nest by the ants.
Hi, I have just replanted a black boy tree about 500 cm tall. It has gone from sandy soil to sandy soil which is well drained.
It looks OK but the fronds are now drooping. They have maintained their green colour. Should I be concerned or is it usual transplant stress. I have not given it any fertilizer or nutrients as I believe it doesn't need it.
This was quite a while ago and I hope you had success. The only other I thing I would have tried is some seaweed solution as this is supposed to stimulate root growth.
Hi, not sure if this is still current as the last comment was from over a year ago. I am just wondering if anyone has cut the crown off of a grass tree due to insect infestation (looks like fly larvae) or rot and had the grass tree continue to grow? Some sites say you can cut the rotten/damaged part off, and other sites say this will kill the plant. Thanks.
When I asked a nursery in WA about this problem I was told that they would not shoot. If you have kept the plant I would like to know what happened.
We actually cut the tops off (there were 3 heads, though one of those was a double, itself, so you could say 4) as they were very damaged by the insects and the tops were quite rotten. As the days went on, it started oozing a rotten fluid that smelled like rotten potatoes from a few spots up the trunk. It was obvious that it was entirely rotten. We had to remove it from the garden as the smell was awful. When we cut it open, it had the insects still living in it, from the top to the bottom of the plant. There was no way the plant was going to come back from that.
A specialised nursery I contacted said that was the end of the grass tree. Was that so or did it sprout again. The reason I ask is thet bush fire will destroy all the top growth and must burn the tip and they seem to sprout from the side sometimes.
I am wondering how you got on with your grass tree. If it is still surviving a periodic watering with a seaweed solution helps to stimulate root growth.
It depends on the size of the tree. The advice I have been given says to take as much of the root system as possible when you remove the tree from the ground. Plant at the same depth as before. Water in with a seaweed type solution to help stimulate root growth. Keep damp for several weeks. It may be wet enough from rainfall after watering in and settling the roots.
Hi I transplanted 3 grass threes in Nov last year and all have taken really well and looking so healthy as they came from the Dunsborough and had a huge root ball which was transplanted with a bob cat.We live in Bunbury and they have been planted into good draining soil. One of the grass trees is a double header and already it has started to produce a stalk which is 600mm high and has pretty well come up within two weeks. The size of the double header is 650 high and about 300 mm in diameter, the stalk has risen from the smaller head which is only 250mm high by 250mm round and this is the one that has produced the stalk. Should I cut the stalk off as Ive read the first two springs to cut them as to distress the plant?
I literally bought my first grass tree TODAY & my darling daughter accidentally broke the flower spike in half & it's now hanging. (Trust me, I wasn't happy!) What should I do? It's still in the pot I bought it in, but will soon be transplanting to a larger pot. What is the best potting mix to buy?
I would cut the spike back to the foliage if you have lost all the flower bus, otherwise just tidy the cut. Pot into a well drained potting mix, one for natives, or one that has the 5 ticks on the bag in black, which indicates very little fertiliser in the bag. You will have to add a native plant slow release fertiliser, following instructions on the pack.
My partner and I bought 2 grass trees for our garden about 2 years ago, they have absolutely thrived and been very happy until about 3 months ago we noticed one of them was starting to look not very happy. We cut back the brown, dead grassy bits and left the new growth, which appeared to go brown very quickly. We then noticed that they would pull out very easily, some falling out with the wind. It seemed it was very moist where they were falling out from, and stink quite bad. I also observed some very small worms would come out with the grass.
Now we have no new, alive growth, it is all very positively brown, and I suspect dead.
There have now been ants pulling out these small worms and today the very centre of the top has lifted and is about to fall down.
My guess is either rot of mealie worms? And my second guess is that our grass tree is very positively dead.
I fear the worst, but I am hoping you might have some ideas or good news.
Hi Meg, I would say that rot is the problem and your grass tree is no more. Unfortunately we cannot know for certain what lies beneath each plant. If you do try again, I would suggest adding gypsum to the soil so that you break up any clay. The rate is up to 1Kg per square metre. This depends on which species you purchased assuming that what you have require very good drainage.
We have just gone outside and by chance noticed a few little green sprouts sprouting from the apparently dead trunk. It appears it is growing the grass back?! We had completely lost hope and to notice this has made us extremely happy.
Well done, you! It will be an interesting plant with at least three heads of leaves but that is often seen in the wild after damage has occured. I'm so glad it has appeared again and you have the opportunty to see it progress.
I have a Xanthorrhoea which has large 2 branches. Approximately 6 foot tall. Huge. Has flowered twice in 10 years and I do nothing with it. Yesterday I noticed a hole in it's side. I can put my hand in it. Yes, it is hollow and dry. Is this a problem? or a natural occurrence. Plant is healthy.
Hi. I am hoping you can help clarify mixed advice I have received in regards to my grass plant. It was given to me as a gift, and was told that it needed to be repotted in Autumn. But when I went to the nursery for further maintenance advice, they said to keep it in the original pot. Should it be in the pot it came from the nursery in? or repotted into a larger pot?
I bought mine in September last year, repotted it in October and it's still going strong. Just don't disturb the root ball & surrounding dirt. Don't loosen it. Just pot into larger pot and use suitable potting mix to top it up (See my original post from 1 Sept above) Good luck.
If the plant is more than double the height of the pot, I would consider repotting in a good potting mix into a pot the next size up. If however you discover roots on the outside of the root ball I would consider going up an extra size. It is important not to over pot by using a pot too big as the root ball and surrounding mix will become too wet and there is the risk of root rotting.
Just remember that these are slow growing plants but have a deep root system.
Hi I need help! My blackboy has had the top knocked off (all of the foliage) any way to save it?
Hang on to it for the time being. It may shoot out again. Don't be too impatient while waiting.
I'm sorry I did not reply to this i a timely way.
From what I can gather, the roots are quite fleshy, and once dug up the plants need care for at least 18 months in so far as, staking, and keeping the root ball moist, not wet. You can also use seaweed type products to stimulate root growth. I think a root ball that would fit into about a 30cm pot would be the smallest for a metre high plant. Apparently some species have retractile roots, ie the roots pull the plant into the ground, so I would go down at least 30cm, and remove the plant without disturbing the soil.
Hi. I have a wonderful Black Boy grass-tree in my front garden (inherited), as it was already there when we purchased the property. Our front yard is basically a cactus garden and appears to have been very thoughtfully planted and designed….ie the surface is all primarily crushed (orangy coloured) stones.
Anyway, after about 2 years at the property, the one flower spike broke off in bad windy weather, but I've recently been thrilled, that not only 1 flower spike has regrown, but infact 3!!! At present, there is only 1 solid tree trunk, but there does appear to be three separate foliage centers at the top.
I was wondering if having 3 flower spikes was rare??
I'm so thrilled with this tree.
As you have an old tree I don't think it is rare. Often damage to the crown will result in new 'heads'. You are so lucky to have such a well grown tree to give such pleasure.
Hi..I have a lovely grass tree with a flower spike. It is in a pot.
My blackboy to me is dead, I pulled the fronds out at the crown with ease and I could smell like rotting fruit smell and the root tips are wet greyish. I burnt the fronds and i pulled the dead crown and i made a hole at the crown by pulling the fronds thinking i could salvage and it will regrow???, can the tree regrow its self considering i have pulled out most of the fronds an is now a hole or will it need to be destroyed. I'm not sure if its fungus or wireworms. Its there a preventive treatment yearly recommend for a funguside/insecticide that commonly used for these tree as i have 3 more large tree an i hate to lose them.
does anyone know how big Xanthorrea semiplana grows?
I have two grass trees, one gets hit hard by frost n the other never. They are within two mets of each other.
I am moving house soon n wish to by another. Can anyone suggest as to which one may be the frost hardy one I may have pls.


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A note from ILovePancakes
Did I say I am weak in descriptions and action scenes? Yeah, well, shove dialogs into that group, too.
Improvements can be made, certainly, but going over and over words in one chapter wouldn't get me anywhere so, they would have to do.
Maybe by the 50th post, I'd be great and y'all stay for the witty banter. But for now, feast your eyes on this mediocre thing called human(?) interaction.
As negotiated, Basraeca would answer Caleb's demands as far as they were willing to go.
They weren't sure why, but the entity somehow believed the king would do his all to repay them when they finally called the favor. Whether that would be enough, however, was another issue. Caleb liked to think they weren't the unreasonable sort, though. Only time could tell.
"'I don't believe you need to lie', huh…"
King Basca's genuine reply even made the entity separated consciousness cringe. Or was it shame they felt? Caleb did deceive them when they were asking more… in-depth questions. Not stating whether if one was telling the entire truth or not counted as a lie, right? The pedantic of morals.
Still, these little creatures weren't supposed to know the truth, anyway.
On the way returning to their room, they ran into one of the weirdos in the anteroom leading to their suites; Sun Myung. The young man let out a dumbfounded 'wuh' as they walked past; he then scrambled out of the room and hurried after them.
"Wait! Wait a bit! Caleb!"
Sun Myung almost fell over, skidding to a stop as the entity pivoted abruptly to look at him. He gulped, staring wide-eyed at Caleb; his gaze jerked back and forth on their face.
"You called?" the entity raised their brows; what caused the Korean boy to stare so, they wondered.
"I-uhh… we-I, me and the others…" he awkwardly wrung his hands. "Can… can we talk to you?" His prior enthusiasm and overly optimistic attitude were gone.
"What about?"
"We need help," Sun Myung whispered.
A massive understatement.
"They're lying to us," Nakao began.
Coasting on the other obvious train was miss temper over on the bed; pulling at a lock of hair. There was a notable edge in the atmosphere; all the summoned ones were gathered in Sun Myung's room, but not truly together. Understandably so when this was the first thing Nakao had to say when she finally woke.
Guarded, anxious, each had pulled themselves into a corner of the room. It was not difficult to tell some of them had foreseen this development, but to what degree?
"I kinda knew already, though…"
"That's expected, right? They're politicians and all…"
After a slight pause, Thomas and Stephanie spoke up simultaneously. They glanced at each other for a moment then shifted their attention back to Nakao as the mousy youth extended an open palm at Stephanie's direction and shrugged. Others waited, though the bald-headed Ryuji had a scowl on his face.
"No-I… Listen, my ability… this [Faceless] can detect lies," she breathed. And what followed captured everyone's attention. "It even tells me which part of someone's speech is false."
Now that was intriguing.
"They were really careful about the words, most of the time, but… things slipped out. It was like a bell. Every time they lied, it rang," Nakao took a moment. "The priestess wasn't thankful for our presence, and whatever this demon business entailed, the king didn't see them as threats.
"And this smug bastard's been lying the entire time, too," the Japanese girl whirled, glaring at Caleb.
The entity was sitting on one of the only chairs in the room. Caleb hadn't noticed until now, but the Earthers gave them a wide berth and none of them stayed within reach even though there were more seats available in the spacious lounging area.
"Is that a problem?"
"Wh-what do mean 'Is that a problem'? You know what's going on, don't you?"
"Not entirely," they shrugged.
"Hold on a bit, what's Caleb lying about?" Sun Myung cut in.
"At the stone room, when he showed the [Status]," she still bore into them. "Everything on it was fake."
"You can even do that?" Stephanie widened her eyes. "That's some serious power…"
"What else can it do?" Thomas chimed in. "The name [Faceless] doesn't sound like lie-detection-"
"Guys, guys, let's keep that for later," Sun Myung sighed.
"… he isn't here against his will either," the group whipped their heads at Caleb, who was looking off into space without a bit of care.
Surprises all around, they knew such complexity was not beyond the system. The entity didn't think the one implementing it would apply interactions so meticulous when they still left odd, illogical confluences, however. Given the case, Caleb made a note to assess the Gifts extensively. And here lied the perfect subjects for the trials; these little things were walking into it, even.
"Do excuse me, my mind was elsewhere for a moment," the entity smiled warmly as they cast their eyes over the group.
Although the disclosure was quite a bit of a shock, Caleb didn't think these feeble humans would stare at them for so long. The entity wondered what was on their minds.
"Can you help us go back?" Joaquin muttered the words at first. "Is it possible?"
"Hmmm… would you have enough power to do so?"
"So, we can do it?" the big guy perked up.
"Woah woah… we should think carefully about this." Sun Myung cut in, somehow more nervous than before.
"Say…" only now Ryuji spoke up. "What makes you guys trust this bi-this gal's words, huh?"
"I felt this kinda came out of nowhere as well," Stephanie added.
"Uh-huh, it just sounds off." Thomas nodded.
Looking betrayed, Nakao's mouth hung open, slightly ajar. The girl glanced at Sun Myung, telling him to do something about this development with her eyes. The lanky Korean guy was just as frustrated, but for a different reason.
"Why did you only mention this now!?"
"I-I don't know! I just recalled when I saw him!"
"But it doesn't matter, right?" the brunette girl crossed her arms. "We can just refuse."
"I don't think it's that easy," Thomas shrugged; drawing a line at his neck while making a face. "What if they… y'know."
"Since all of you still need to discuss things by yourselves, I'll be taking my leave," Caleb slid out of their seat and moved toward the door. "Send someone when you're done."
"Wai-" Sun Myung made to chase after them when someone grabbed his wrist.
"You have to explain it to them!" Nakao hissed.
Before the youth could reply, Joaquin barreled past him. His movements weren't superhuman by a long shot, but the young man's charge was so swift and abrupt the group didn't realize he had gotten out of his seat until Joaquin nearly ran into Sun Myung. Though they were curious, no one stopped him; the discussion inside had more importance to them than exchanging words with a cryptic stranger or minding the big guy's business.
Caleb had already noticed someone chasing after them but didn't stop until they were just at the door to their room. Joaquin slowed as he saw Caleb turn around, staring at him with indifference. Joaquin rubbed at his arm, working up the nerve. The young man's desperate, searching gaze gradually hardened and he met Caleb's eyes.
"If you know a way to go back. Please, tell me."
"Shouldn't you ask this of the king?" Caleb leaned back. "If anything, I'm the last one you should seek help from."
"I don't trust them."
"And I'm trustworthy?"
"You're more powerful than they are," Joaquin's voice cracked a little. "I felt it. We all did. At the chamber. And those things," he gestured at the implants on their face. "they are not from here. And the candies you were eating before, too…"
"… Please, I'll do anything," the big guy looked lost.
"Don't be hasty," Caleb shook their head, smiling faintly. "You've yet to know this world. Maybe you'll find an answer without involving me. Or Basraeca's ruler. What you want isn't an easy thing" – not to them, but the big guy needed to be reminded of the truth – "and my price isn't cheap. You should give this whole hero thing a chance."
"Maybe you'll even like it," they opened the door and stepped inside. Then as if recalling something, Caleb turned back to Joaquin.
"Just a small tip. Don't say 'anything' so lightly, Joaquin. It's dangerous."
A faint click echoed down the hallway, leaving the young man to gaze intently at the door. Eventually, Joaquin left for his room.
And two people stepped out from the shadows.
Covered from head to toe in black, they looked like blotches of darkness in the shape of humans. From their bodies to the folds of their clothes, the two were identical. Featureless shadows but for the masks on their faces, holding a symbol of an eye pierced by a downward dagger, silvery-white on the canvas of light-consuming obsidian.
One headed to Joaquin's room, fleeting and silent. The other stood, facing the door to Caleb's room, the picture of stillness brought to existence.
Slowly, the figure shimmered, melting into the ground. Into their shadow. It slipped into the door gap like a body of water, invading the entity's private suite.
Data assembling was already underway when Caleb sat down on an armchair, watching daylight coming to an end through the window. With only visual information and context, it would take a few days to finish the first game they were tackling – Grave Spring. The calculations behind the game characters' abilities would be the biggest concern. Depending on how they're put together, interactions from multiple mechanics could break the game's parameters. Going into overflow or malfunction altogether.
Fortunately, their goal was to test things out, not make perfectly functional programs. That would take a lot of time. Time which Caleb wasn't sure worth the effort just yet.
Limits on their vessel were a factor as well. Its processing capacity was adequate for ordinary purposes, not high-speed, complex neural networking, no matter the base material.
The entity also gathered the old Caleb's soul fragments during the assembly, just in case. Fractured it remained, however, they held onto the pieces for now; recovering them was one thing, putting them together was another. Old Caleb's usefulness had been questionable at best. And they liked the weak, distorted signals. Very useful for practicing their sensitivity to wavelengths.
They stayed on the chair, immobile until someone knocked on their door for the third time this day. It was a servant, dressed immaculately in muted grey – fitting for those lingering in the background. Caleb denied the invitation to dinner along with the offer to have food brought to their room. The entity enjoyed the light meal back at the conference room, especially those bite-sized seasoned smoked meat, and most likely wouldn't be disappointed in the coming meal. However, they were in the mood for something else. Something sweet.
Sending the servant away, a tall glass of sugary plum extract appeared in their hand, lightly salted to enhance the taste. Reappearing on their face after the door has closed, the visor let out flashing lights as a very basic, blocky version of the game played out on the screen. The entity sipped on the chilled drink, sauntering around the room while assessing their progress.
Returning to the armchair, Caleb began. "That's enough observation, don't you think?" their head turned a one-hundred-eighty to peer at a corner of the room, half-hidden by the huge armoire.
Wiggling, a shadow behind the armoire took a physical form, pushing itself out from the wall. The figure was similar to the masked shadows prior, down to the tiniest detail. They stood silently in place, facing Caleb without responding to the entity's words.
Caleb pivoted around while their head stayed fixed, eyes locked onto the figure. They took another sip of the drink and regarded the intruder.
"Y'know, I was kind enough to let you remain in my room all this while," they smiled and their pupils spun like twin drills of viridian light. "It would be proper to state your purpose, right? Who sent you, little spy?"
Making a dash backward, the figure became translucent within a blink of an eye. They were going to phase through the door, but halted in their tracks, almost falling over as [Paralysis] took hold. Caleb glanced around to see if there was anyone else to be taken care of. It seemed this masked shadow was the only spy in the room.
"If you're going to be rude and not answer, then…"
Pausing, they thought things over. It'd be easy for them to read memories from living organisms, as it was within the realms of possibilities for [Electromagnetism], however, was it right?
By the bounds of the [System], Caleb wondered if that application belonged to the base Gift or a subsidiary of its evolution. They could trigger the upgrade this instant, of course, but that fell under the rule of exploiting authority for personal gains. Just once when they first came was enough.
A definite confirmation would force them to look up the branches of their Gift, and that was also a no go. Thus, they decided not to seize information from the intruder's brain.
One of the ornate candelabrums on the nightstand twisted as the entity snapped their fingers, turning into thin wires of silver. They reached out and snaked up the intruder's limbs, fastening them together with a nice four-petal bow looped between their hands and feet. Caleb opened the door as the excess shaped themselves into legs like that of a spider's, bringing the bound figure out and laid them on the soft, carpeted floor.
"Tell your boss I like my privacy," they chuckled. "And come in person if they want something. Speaking through mediums is tedious, hmmm!?"
The entity was in no hurry to find out who this spy belonged to. Something this weak could have been sent by any organization, after all; they'll keep the next one. Hopefully, it'd be stronger than this.
More powerful members of a group often held more information. Or so they imagined.
Having dropped the sack of garbage outside, Caleb lugged the vessel to the bed and have it laid down. There was no need for the thing to rest, but leaving luxurious, comfortable accommodations unused felt wasteful. Besides, had they been piloting an ordinary body, it would have crashed from energy exhaustion anyway.
It was their house, and if they wanted others to follow their rules, the entity would have to make an example. No matter how much they liked the convenience of simply commanding the world and have their whims fulfilled.
Good old Caleb needed to be responsible.
Lying on the cushy sheets, it took Caleb a few moments to realize they were still dressed in the same attire from the moment they conjured them. The clothes were, of course, spotlessly clean and smelled of pleasant things. But they wondered if it was better if they wore something else for bedtime.
They poked the beckoner around, trying to get a feel for things, but the old Caleb had nothing to suggest. Likely having paid little attention to something as mundane as appearances. The dolt didn't even care for himself or his barony, putting all his focus on magical research; such was the convenience of having servants around.
Or a necessity, in this case. Caleb was sure the young mage didn't have any knowledge of domestic functionalities nor any spells to aid such tasks.
Still, a good thing came out from their short dip inside the beckoner's memories. Caleb's clothes receded and, in their place, appeared a set of pajamas. White was not their choice of style, but it would do for now; the wool was airy and comfortable, at least.
Caleb's eyes rolled back into their sockets, shutting off the visual feed and the entity allowed their vessel to power down. They had left the curtains opened, setting light sensitivity high enough to wake the thing at the crack of dawn. The entity would ask around to find the manager tomorrow.
If they had interacted with this world, there were bound to be traces. A religion needed a god, after all.
How was it? Good? Bad? Do tell me in the comment section below if you have time!
Also, doubling follower count after a week. Wowzers. At this rate, I may have a chance to become a millionaire by the age of forty!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


My Kickstarter project is 50% funded ! Thanks to everyone who support this book ! Halfway, we have 15 days to raise the remaining 1000 USD/EUR... I do believe that with your help we can do it !
To help this project come true, a friend of mine who wants to remain anonymous offer to every baker an extra-rare poster of the great artist C.F. (A.K.A. Christopher Forgues). This is a unique artwork that you won't find in stores ! C.F. is one of my favorite visual artist, and his comic series POWR MASTRS is a strong and weird masterpiece. This gift to every baker means a lot for me !


17 years?! Yes! It is a well-documented fact.
We don't have time to wait for a generational change to put healthcare on a healthier track. Implementing "Best Practices" through costly top-down initiatives based on IT are not producing consistent, sustainable results. The prevailing "Make, Optimize, Sell" business model isn't working. The data shows trying harder to implement Best Practices is not the solution – it's too slow.
Since the Industrial Revolution, the "Make, Optimize, Sell" business model has been great at optimizing what organizations know how to do. The problem is 95% of established organizations fail at creating something completely new.
The successful 5%, companies like Apple under Steve Jobs, do something different – they are great at optimizing, but they also identify areas inside their company to "Sense, Respond and Adapt" to new opportunities and do what the rest can't – create new value.
Adaptive Design has been 100% successful in developing new value inside hospitals, clinics and health systems. By utilizing the methods, skills & tools of Adaptive Design, a frontline unit or service line (the Learning Line), "senses, responds and adapts" to create the new best practices. The time frame to identifiable new value creation is very consistent – the average is about 3 months.
I know what you're thinking. 17 years vs. 3 months. Not possible! But the data is clear, it's not only possible, its low risk, high reward, predictable success. For example, in one large national health system, the clinics using Adaptive Design started to separate themselves from the non-Adaptive Design clinics at 3 months. Within one year, they had 122% improvement in Population Health compared to the rest of the system and the published results were proven sustainable for years.
Recognize that "Make, Optimize, Sell" is great at optimizing what you know how to do.
Know that "Sense, Respond, Adapt" is different. To be one of the innovative 5%, organizations need to create a "Sense, Respond, Adapt" capability – it's a new way of thinking and doing.
Understand it's not a win/lose change. "Make, Optimize, Sell" is great for scaling what works, while "Sense, Respond, Adapt" is a great new value opportunity. It's not either/or, its and.
Implementing someone else's Best Practice isn't bad, but the ability to create new best practices and continually improve them is the new value solution. That's possible for any organization, especially in healthcare.


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Yesterday our friends at Supporter Groups for Promotion and Relegation ran a poll asking about fan engagement concerning the NPSL playoffs and promotion to NISA.
Would you pay more attention to NSPL playoff matches if NISA promotion was on the line?
The results (while unscientific) show that many people would pay even more attention to the matches during the playoffs if more than a trophy was on the line. This results goes hand in hand with what many people have speculated about fan involvement in lower division soccer and #ProRelForUSA.
If the clubs are playing to move up the pyramid… a vast majority of fans will care more and pay more attention to these games "that matter" not just the fans of the specific club playing for the trophy.
Polling data like this suggests that it is in the best interests of lower division club owners to put their league loyalty aside and create a unified pyramid of regional leagues featuring #ProRelForUSA. The more engaged fans of lower division soccer are… the better off everybody in lower division soccer will be. As the saying goes, "A rising tide lifts all boats".


text:
Q: Using arbitrarily named php variable My objective is to extract each value of 3 columns of a SQL table. Although, I want to extract these values from different tables deppending on the value of listtype that is chosen. The columns Name and Reg_Date have the same name for all the tables. Although, the name of the column corresponding to ID may be either ID_Doctor, ID_Nurse or ID_Patient. How can I append $POST['listtype'] to $ID and be able to use it inside an echo?
Below is the code that I tried, although the echo always returns the string ID_Doctor, ID_Nurse, or ID_Patient, deppending on the value of $_POST['listtype'].
$ID = '$ID_' .$_POST['listtype'];

while($count < $pages_c)
{
  while ($rows = mysql_fetch_array($results))
  {
    extract($rows);
    $numrows++;
    echo "
$ID	$Name	$Reg_Date
";
  }
$count++;
}

A: You can use variable variables to accomplish that.
echo "
${$ID}	$Name	$Reg_Date
";

Keep in mind that you do not need to use extract to get the values from your $rows array. You could read them directly using $rows['key'] syntax.
while ($rows = mysql_fetch_array($results))
{
    $numrows++;
    echo "
{$rows[$ID]}	{$rows['Name']}	{$rows['Reg_Date']}
";
}

Side note: mysql_* functions are deprecated as of PHP 5.5 and will be removed in the future. I'd recommend you to stick with MySQLi or PDO instead.

A: echo "
",$rows[$ID],"	$Name	$Reg_Date
";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Smooth cone normals I'm trying to calculate smooth normals for a cone. In looking around for code samples and explanations, I consistently come across directions for face normals. I've posted a couple pictures below of what I'm doing. The first -- which basically just normalizes the vertex position -- gives me decently smooth shading, but the edges are "missing" and the bottom face isn't solid. The second has edges, but the shading is flat (face normals) and my light isn't reflecting off of them correctly.
The cone is built out of GL_TRIANGLES.
Click the images for larger versions.

(source: bantherewind.com)

(source: bantherewind.com)

A: At any point on the surface of a cone except the apex, there are two obvious kinds of tangent vectors: one tangent to the cross-sectional circle, or one up the slope.  If you express the surface as a parametric equation with two parameters, you can get these tangent vectors as the two partial derivatives.  Take the cross product of the tangents, and you get a normal vector.  The order of the product determines whether the normal points inward or outward.  Of course, the bottom face must be handled separately.

A: In addition to the answer by JWWalker I'd like to point out, that a vertex is a whole tuple of vector, that among other things includes position and normal. So if you have different normals at a single position, you got there different and multiple vertices.
In the case of the cone this is important, because the tip of the cone is not one single vertex, but a whole set of them (one tip vertex for each triangle the cone's coat. And then for the base circle you got at each position two vertices, the one for the triangle to the tip, and one for the base surface.
Both the tip and the edge are discontinuities and hence call for a be drawn using separate vertices.


text:
Bolsonaro Seeks 6-Month Visa
Jeff Flake Drops Out, Denounces Trump
Arizona senator won't run for re-election, bemoans 'lack of decency' in DC
Posted Oct 24, 2017 2:37 PM CDT
Updated Oct 24, 2017 3:48 PM CDT
Sen. Jeff Flake, R-Ariz. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais, File)
In a surprise move, GOP Sen. Jeff Flake said Tuesday that he will not run for re-election in Arizona. Flake had tangled often with President Trump and had been seen as vulnerable to a challenge from the Steve Bannon wing of the party. Flake said he was a "traditional conservative" and feared there was no longer a place for politicians like him in the GOP. In a blistering speech, he bemoaned a "flagrant disregard of truth and decency" in today's politics, with the AP calling it a "tacit broadside" against Trump.
Full text: Read the transcript of Flake's speech here. One snippet: "It is often said that children are watching. Well, they are. And what are we going to do about that?. When the next generation asks us, why didn't you do something? Why didn't you speak up? What are we going to say? I rise to say, enough."
Another 'scalp': Flake was probably the most vulnerable Republican up for re-election, notes Politico, which calls his speech a "full-throated denunciation of President Trump." The site also collects a quote from an adviser to the pro-Trump non-profit Great America Alliance. "Steve Bannon adds another scalp to his collection."
GOP majority: The New York Times calls the speech "extraordinary," adding that Flake's departure calls into question whether the GOP can retain his seat and, in the bigger picture, its majority in the Senate.
White House: There was no immediate reaction from Trump, but press chief Sarah Huckabee Sanders called the speech "petty" and said Flake was destined to lose his seat anyway, per the Washington Post.
Bannon/Breitbart: The Breitbart site collects reaction from Bannon in two tweets, which read in full: "Our movement will defeat you in primaries or force you to retire. The days of establishment Republicans who oppose the people's America First agenda are numbered."
Senate race: The Arizona Republic assesses the "bombshell," which makes former state senator Kelli Ward, who lost a primary challenge to John McCain last year, the current GOP frontrunner. The primary winner is expected to face Democratic Rep. Kyrsten Sinema in the general election.
(Read more Jeff Flake stories.)
Get breaking news in your inbox.
What you need to know, as soon as we know it.


There are now 29 other Lodges pursuing a similar, yet distinct, course. Their membership consists of undergraduates, postgraduates, senior members of the university and alumni, ranging in age from 18 upwards. All under-25s benefit from the recent decision by Grand Lodge to halve their dues in order to make Freemasonry as accessible to as wide an audience as possible.
If you are interested in finding out more about becoming a Freemason through the Universities Scheme, please contact us for further information or visit the United Grand Lodge of England's University Scheme website.
Please note: All photographs on this website © Byron Edwards unless otherwise stated.


To Get Results, You Have to Raise the Bar!
By Heidi Lauckhardt-Rhoades For the next two blog entries, I'm going to focus on being mindful of our progress, in this case, our wellness progress. Take for a moment your exercise routine - you run five miles a day, watch an hour long DVD, maybe jump rope twenty minutes followed up by fifty pushups. Without a doubt you are breaking a sweat and feel great; a release of endorphins has bathed your being and your aura is ablaze with spirit. Now, I don't mean to be a wet blanket or anything but while it's terrific to feel this sting of prowess, meditate on whether progress is being made in terms of your being able to jump twenty-five minutes, try another DVD with different props, or try a new route of five miles but with hills or off of the sidewalk. Our bodies are remarkably and incredibly adaptable. We will do anything to survive and meet challenges. To keep ourselves strong then, keep the body guessing, play games with yourself by trying new activities, new time frames, making your movements bigger, smaller, heaving, lighter, more reps; faster or slower. Yesterday, after almost a year after taking on my beloved Monday and Wednesday aqua class, I took my "girls" (and one gentleman) into the deep water for their warm up and for the body of our workout. Typically my class, as well as all of the other aqua classes, spend the majority of the class in the shallow area with slower, warm-down exercises done in the deep water along with abdominal and core work. It was refreshing to listen to the genuine joy in everyone's voice when they told me how much they enjoyed the class. I've done the same thing with my JumpSport Fitness Trampoline class. As a group we have progressed cardiovascularly and I have had to up the ante, so to speak, to ensure that we continue to grow and make gains. Simple tweaks to our game plan, including longer periods of time on the trampoline and fewer circuits off the trampoline, are facilitating that goal. Because a lot of us engage in activities that are physically strenuous - Zumba, Bootcamp, JumpSport, skiing - we forget or remain ignorant of the fact that in order to make gains, we should attempt to challenge ourselves. It's not that we necessarily need to work harder, although that is certainly a method, but we can try new ways of moving our body or increase the days or time that we put into our activity. After all, your activity should bring you joy and satisfaction, and what's wrong with adding more joy and satisfaction to your life?


text:
Tech startups bring fun and excitement back to hardware
Hardware is having a renaissance.
Imagine this. Imagine being able to control everyday things like your lights, fans, heaters and disco balls from your mobile device. It's here, thanks to smartthings.com.
Imagine growing your own veggies in your cramped New York apartment. No need, it's here, thanks to windowfarms.com.
Imagine using the world's largest 3D printer, one that can create entire Flintstone-like structures. It's big enough to notice, so yes, it's here too, thanks to d-shape.com.
Everything, it seems, can be imagined and made, physically made as we witnessed in the lively presentation of these startups on January 15. Welcome back, hardware.
"It's a cycle," sys Roman Fichman, general counsel to tech start-ups, referring to how the industrial revolution started with hardware, shifted to software, and back again to hardware.
What is driving its resurgence? Aditya Bansal, one of the attendees at the fifth Hardware Startup meetup last January 15, says open source and cheaper (technology) make all the difference.
"It was one of the best meetups I've been to in a long time," says attendee Maurice Bey. Add the free pizza, beer and a convivial atmosphere and you have a hit meetup.
Nothing gets people excited more than a demo and SmartThings founder Alex Hawkinson showed us a thing or two about how you don't need telekinetic powers to move objects with his hardware.
Britta Riley, CEO of WindowFarms, received an enthusiastic applause when she mentioned that her hydroponic system, the system where her greens sprout, is on exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History.
Growing interest in the business simply answers what studies also point out: A large percentage of grocery shoppers, reportedly 78%, wonders where the heck their food comes from. With WindowFarms, you'll know for sure where it's coming from–your apartment.
But guess where these two companies got their initial funding? Kickstarter. However, Hawkinson is quick to caution people about trying to source funds only from that site, only because of the possible delays you may incur, especially when everybody else is going there now.
The last presenter went for scale and it showed in his animated presentation. Sameer Ajmera, business development manager of DShape, showed furniture, sculptures, even houses printed on its 20 x 20 ft 3D printer, claiming the company is "turning science fiction into reality." It plans to set up shop in New York.
But for those of us who want to come back to earth and print 3D on a much smaller scale, Hack Manhattan at 14th St between 6th and 7th Avenues has an open house next Tuesday.
Indeed the physical world is merging with the technology world. Here's an opportunity to make this happen for you: New York's Next Top Makers Challenge http://nexttopmakers.com. Earn a chance to win $48,000+ in cash and prizes (including studio space, mentorship) when you join and create the best commercial product.
Posted on January 15, 2013 April 2, 2017
Anthro-tech: Programming Jane Austen is here
Last Thursday, January 10, the NYU Kimball Hall was packed for the tech meetup called "AnthroTech Meetup: Education and Technology." The wines on display were more than fitting for such a heady topic and of course, it doesn't hurt to feel slightly inebriated if we're talking about how to make Jane Austen relevant to the times. How's this for a mind-bender—Pride and Prejudice anthropomorphized?!
Austen's staple characters and mannered comportment were brought back to stick-figure life by erudite Ken Perlin, director of NYU's Games for Learning Institute, an NYU Professor of Computer Science, and the winner of a Technical Achievement Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences for his work on procedural texture.
He demo'ed how multiple developers can collaborate on programming Austen in Google Docs. For OCD scribes, his attempt at improving eBook writing using an ingenious "copy- and paste-like" programming method takes the cake.
Next to the Powerpoint floor was the more accessible Ricki Goldman, an NYU Professor of Educational Communication & Technology, a digital ethnographer and leading theorist on learning and media. She discussed "Gen-E," or "Generation Ethnographers" — the emerging generation of people who use social media to document their world. She also showed some digital video analysis tools designed for use in ethnographies in school settings.
People complained that they didn't see the event streamed live as promised, but for those who were at NYU, comments streamed about how the speakers gave "thought experiments that are cool within some academy paper-writing circle, but don't address the wider relevance to the public." Ouch!
A call for less academic jargon in the next meetup was raised. Justin Petrillo, one of the attendees, has this to say: "It's a great idea to integrate programming through understanding of stories and actually creating narratives. But, for an entrepreneur, these ideas must be taken a step further."
Perhaps when most people learn how to code (a seeming inevitability for Perlin), it will be easier for people to understand. Before that happens, there will always be a stumbling block toward understanding what Perlin and Goldman are trying to say. Practical minds need to intervene, so this can all be relevant to the critical mass.
Search and SharePoint 2013; Social, next?
If you're going to talk about the product you're championing, you might as well do it in your own backyard, right? Last January 9, the SharePoint MeetUp group covered the topic, "Search-Driven Design Patterns for SharePoint 2013" at the Microsoft office at 1290 Avenue of the Americas.
For the uninitiated, Microsoft's SharePoint 2013 is about how organizations work together and optimize how people work. Essentially, it's a collaborative platform. The goal: to run your business more efficiently.
The group tackled search queries from a design pattern perspective. Comparing the 2010 with the 2013 launched a healthy exchange of ideas about SharePoint2013 helps in idea sharing, organizing teams and projects, and discovering people and information. In many of these classes, though, you just hope there was a brand it could have talked about as an example; Home Depot was mentioned albeit briefly.
Nicholas Bisciotti, one of the attendees, liked the topics that were raised, but he thinks it would be good to "resolve" them in the next session
• Role-based search solutions based on job function, where person is, who they are (possibly with rank profile)
• SharePoint 2013 Search with non-SharePoint UI
• SharePoint 2013 Search for mobile
• Leveraging geographical data in Search
It's also good to know SharePoint has gone social—and it would be great to watch that tackled by a group already immersed in the SharePoint platform in the next meetup of this solemn, more studious group.
Posted on January 9, 2013 December 13, 2013
Raking in awards, $135M earnings–who knows Yodle?
Yodle, the online advertising company for small business, expects its 2012 revenue to reach $135 million. But how come nobody has heard of it? Has the industry grown that much? Or should the question be, Is it too different to be under an entirely new category other than advertising? People don't know where to place it.
Still, you got to give it to Yodle is raking in the awards. It was cited as one of the "Best Places to Work For," "Fastest Growing Company" and "Most Promising," as brandished by Forbes and other biz pubs.
Still doesn't ring a bell? How about its projected 2012 revenue of $135 million?! It may even be more mystifying that in 2008, only three years after it was founded, the company's annual revenue was a "measly" $18.8 million.
Which is why is not unusual why it has won several honors. The money's there.
In Charlotte, North Carolina, The Charlotte Business Journal cited Yodle as "The 13th Best Company To Work For;" with The Phoenix Business Journal in Arizona going as far as naming us one of the "Best Places to Work for In The Valley." In Austin, Texas, Yodle was cited by the Austin-American Statesman as one of the "Top Workplaces" and the Austin Business Journal "The 2nd Best Medium-sized Company To Work For."
Yodle was also recognized as a great place to work for. To cite an example, Inc. magazine's Hire Power Awards placed Yodle 33rd among the top job creators in America.
From 10 employees in 2007, Yodle now has 850 employees claiming it gives a cost-effective way for local businesses to connect with consumers using online methods. It has put more than 30,000 local businesses on Google's top pages.
Still, people I've asked don't know Yodle from its business model. I guess that's how the Internet has become such a vast landscape. Or it could be just how a Yodle insider simply puts it: "It's not Pinterest."
Posted on January 9, 2013 November 10, 2016
How to Wix and Yodle together to SEO success
Wix Lounge, through its Digital Creatives Meetup group, held another well-attended class on Search Engine Optimization(SEO) billed "How to be found on Google" at its Chelsea office. It's certainly an effective way to sample its website builder, Wix.
If it wants to expand its reach in no time, a block away to its New York office is Yodle, an online advertising company for small businesses that is looking at $135 million in revenue for 2012. A collaboration of some sort may be in fine order.
On the topic both love talking about: SEO, as discussed by Ariele Krantzow, Training & Support Manager of wix.com last January 8.
Freelancers and small business owners in the hour-long class learned about the importance of using the most relevant keywords for their websites. Krantzow emphasized the importance of "having 10 keywords" defining your site, "listing all the services/products you are offering and more important, "not to forget (mentioning) your location."
Krantzow also tackled content to a great degree, making sure the attendees understood the difference between relevant and fresh content—all crucial to being found by Google, as its title event addressed.
When attendees asked the use of photos or images, Krantzow showed its much-talked about Wix website builder to explain how one must at least have "three keywords to describe" them.
It was refreshing to see how Krantzow used Wix layouts not to promote it but merely to make her case about SEO. She pointed out how you can test keywords on Wix at promote.wix.com.seo (make sure you're logged in to see this), which should convince anyone a good product can speak for itself.
Wix's "design suggestions" tool is one of many website builders, of course, so it remains to be seen how it will evolve in a very competitive field. But it may just leapfrog over competitors like squarespace.com and drupalgardens.com if it also remains "absolutely free," simple to create—and if it can really answer the needs of small business owners–in SEO, for one.
Or they can yodle to Yodle for help.


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DUE TO THE CORONA VIRUS AND LATEST GOVERNMENT ADVICE ALL MEETINGS HAVE
BEEN CANCELLED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE. YOU WILL BE CONTACTED BY EMAIL WHEN
MEETINGS CAN SAFELY START ONCE AGAIN.
Low Barns Photography Group is a club for photographers of all abilities who enjoy wildlife, nature and general photography and are based at Durham Wildlife Trust's Low Barns reserve.
The club meets at the reserve on the third Wednesday of every month and also holds informal meetings on the first Monday of each month. Club members are asked to arrive for 7.00 p.m. for a 7.15 p.m. start. If you look at the events calendar you will find details of past and future monthly presentations. Please feel free to come along to meet the Group and find out more.
There is a £10 annual membership fee, and a monthly subscription of £1 for members attending the monthly meetings.
The members area has details of arranged trips for club members, competitions and exhibitions.
Low Barns lies half way between the villages of Witton-le-Wear and High Grange in County Durham. The reserve off Low Lane which links the A68 and A689.
The reserve is signposted. Look for the signs which are brown with the sign of a duck on them.
You can see the entrance branching south east off Low Lane into the central green area of the map below.
Low Barns Nature Reserve,
Witton-le-Wear,
DL14 0AG
Telephone number of the reserve – 01388 488728


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Endowed with Ingenuity
Fall 2018|By Andrew Faught
Trione Fund allows student entrepreneurial ambitions to flourish
When classes end, thousands of Berkeley students leaving town for the summer face an expensive reality: absentee rent. Since most landlords prohibit tenants from subletting apartments, students must continue to pay for housing or lose their living space.
Ishan Sharma, BS 20, found a way to help offset the costs, and with the help of a $5,000 grant from Haas' Trione Student Venture Fund, his idea became reality. This year, he and two Berkeley classmates launched Boxlet, a peer-to-peer "storage solution" whose website connects renters with people needing inexpensive storage—starting at $6 a week.
"We asked our friends what they thought about it, and we ended up getting 60 orders," Sharma says. "We saw that this is something people would pay for." He used the startup grant, in part, to hire movers and vehicles to redistribute items from his apartment to other storage "hosts."
Rhonda Shrader, MBA 96, executive director of entrepreneurship at Haas
Haas has been making $5,000 awards to early stage startups for the past three years thanks to the then-named Dean's Startup Seed Fund. This year the fund was endowed by a $3 million gift from Vic Trione, MBA 70, whose business background includes the wine, real estate, and banking industries in Sonoma County. Says Trione, his gift will allow students to test their innovative and entrepreneurial ideas.
"These awards provide critical funding for high-risk, high-reward projects that best embody the Defining Leadership Principle Question the Status Quo," he says. "It gives me great pleasure to see the dedication, passion, and energy reflected in the startup teams."
Boxlet's Aakash Adesara, Ajay Merchia, and Ishan Sharma, BS 20
Among grant winners are many that, like Sharma, are focused on solving daily problems. D.rect is using blockchain protocol to build fraud-prevention software for international telecommunications companies. NearFarms is an online marketplace for local produce. And Onederful allows dental offices to expedite insurance verification and improve billing accuracy.
Onederful co-founder and CEO Karen Yee Taylor, MBA 19, used the grant to develop software that connects dental offices with 240 insurance carriers. "The process of verifying insurance is extremely manual and requires a phone call," says Taylor, the daughter of a dentist. "Onederful makes it easy for offices to verify insurance in seconds, all electronically."
Onederful's Alex Yee and Karen Yee Taylor, MBA 19
Some 70 teams apply annually for the 20 grants that aim to serve a critical role in the gestation phase of a new venture, says Rhonda Shrader, MBA 96, executive director of entrepreneurship at Haas. "Sometimes teams need just a little capital for additional customer discovery," she says, "like hiring some programmers to develop a minimum viable product that they can take to potential customers and get reactions."
Equally important, the fund affords students time. Many of the award recipients forgo paid internships and consulting work. "The fund is covering that opportunity cost to give them the flexibility to be entrepreneurs," Shrader says.
And now that the fund is endowed, future generations of Haas students will be able to change the world with great ideas. "The funding is the seed from which new ventures can blossom—innovative capitalism with the potential of solving real-world problems," Trione says.
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WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT JOE
Joe Brancatelli is a publication consultant, which means that he helps media companies start, fix and reposition newspapers, magazines and Web sites. He's also the former executive editor of Frequent Flyer and has been a consultant to or columnist for more business-travel and leisure-travel publishing operations than he can remember. He began his career as a business journalist and created JoeSentMe.com in the dark days after 9/11 while he was stranded in a hotel room in San Francisco. He lives on the Hudson River in Cold Spring, New York.
December 27: THE GHOST OF AIRLINE CHAOS STILL TO COME
US Airways is the Frankenstein of airlines: an unholy mashup of mergers and the discarded parts of a dozen other carriers. Over all of the years, whether it was called Allegheny or US Air or USAirways, the mantra has been: We have to get bigger to compete or die. But since so many of the combinations have been abject failures, why should we assume that a possible US Airways merger with American Airlines will represent anything but the ghost of airline chaos still to come?
November 8: POLITICS, LIKE AIRLINES, ARE FOUL
Over the years, I've explained how airlines are like department stores. I have compared their pricing unfavorably to the cost of Diet Coke. I have ridiculed code-shares as the equivalent of Froot Loops in a box of Cheerios. And as I watched Barack Obama win re-election, I realized that our dysfunctional major airlines are disconcertingly similar to the far right of our political spectrum. They both inhabit echo chambers of self-righteousness and manifestly refuse to accept facts when they don't fit their respective narratives.
October 25: FRANKENSTORM
What happens when a hurricane meets a Nor'easter and gets sucked across the Northeast and MidAtlantic by the jet stream? Tens of thousands of cancellations, no flights for days and a trail of destruction and confusion. Here's how we covered it.
September 27: NOBODY ASKED ME, BUT ...
This column marks the 11th anniversary of JoeSentMe, a site I designed to last a month. So lots of talk and snark about age, fatigue, old rock and rollers and bad business-travel "journalism." Also, plain talk about elections, Delta and Frontier's frequent flyer program games and more.
September 13: WHY WE DON'T GET FASTER FREE NIGHTS ANYMORE
The greatest promotion in the history of frequent travel plans, Hyatt's Faster Free Nights, was simple, elegant and rich. You completed two stays and you got a free night. But the promotion is gone now and inquiring minds want to know why. Jeff Zidell, who runs Hyatt's Gold Passport program, talks about why the uber-popular promo disappeared and makes a case for why we're better off without it.
September 6: THE CHAOS AT LUFTHANSA
Lufthansa, the German carrier and European anchor of the Star Alliance, has suffered through three strikes in the last eight days. Today alone about two-thirds of its global schedule has been wiped out in a dispute with unhappy flight attendants. But there may be some good news: The airline and the union will talk today and the union says it won't strike again as long as the two sides are talking productively.
August 23: THE TRAVEL STORMS OF AUGUST
Hurricane Isaac played havoc with the Gulf Coast. United Airlines' wonky computers melted down. Lufthansa was hit hard by a strike at its Frankfurt hub--and U.S.-Germany flights were affected. We have all of the details and all of the reporting.
August 2: DEATH TAKES A BUSINESS TRIP
Death Took a business trip this week and it once again reminded me of the basic truth of American commercial air travel: The legacy airlines' dysfunctional pricing system is the root cause of their long-standing financial woes and their increasingly desperate attempts to merge. It explains why so many business flyers try to fly less and why discretionary travelers often search for holidays that eschew flying altogether.
July 5: HOW DO I GET INTO THE SMART-GUY CLUB?
As I have often said, the one place in the world where I feel smarter than the average bear is an airport club. So you can imagine my delight when I heard that Chase Bank and Visa are planning a pop-up club in the heart of London during the Olympics. The so-called VIP lounge, open to any Chase Visa cardholder, sounds terrific. And I'd be thrilled if Chase and Visa thought about in-town lounges for business travelers on a permanent basis.
June 14: ONE MORE TIME: SIT DOWN. SHUT UP. AND BUCKLE UP.
A United Airlines jet this week hit an unexpected patch of turbulence. At least a dozen passengers and crew were hurt and at least a half-dozen were injured seriously enough to require hospitalization. So once again I ask what I've asked many times before: Do you have a death wish? What other reason could you have for not buckling your seatbelt on a flight traveling hundreds of miles an hour?
May 24: THE REVENGE OF THE 'OVER-ENTITLED'
The CFO of United Airlines claims that frequent flyers are "over-entitled." Yet United's CEO tripled his compensation last year as United fell to the bottom of the DOT operational ratings and lost almost as much money as its legacy competitors combined. But we're the over-entitled ones? Trust me on this: When the dysfunctional crew running United is finally gone, we'll call it The Revenge of the Over-Entitled.
May 9: NOBODY ASKED ME, BUT ...
Did you know about Einstein's Theory of Idiotic Airlines? How about Queen's Cap of Maintenance Class? Why does Starwood Hotels think we're worker bees? Why are hoteliers shocked to learn that business travelers do business in business hotels? But this column is short because it's my turn to try and form a government in Greece.
April 9: SEEN IN C: THE SUMMER BUSINESS-CLASS SALES TO EUROPE
Summer business-class sale fares aren't quite the eye-popping values they once were, but they are still the best, cheapest way to sit up front on a flight to Europe. Here's what's on tap this summer from Aer Lingus to Virgin Atlantic, complete with prices, restrictions and other salient details.
April 3: A TORNADO OF TROUBLES AT AMERICAN AIRLINES
The brutal series of rain and hailstorms--not to mention about a dozen confirmed tornados--tormented the Dallas Metroplex on Tuesday, April 3. It created havoc around the American Airlines system and caused days of delays and cancelled flights. Along the way, however, we learned that some problems created by the weather are made worse by wrong-thinking airline executives.
March 29: UNITED'S LIVING IN ITS OWN PRIVATE IDAHO
The botched data transition at United Airlines underlines the arrogance of the world's largest carrier. The SkyGods running United are living in their own private Idaho and they think we'll put up with anything because we have no options. But business travelers aren't sheep. We defect in waves from airlines that treat us badly. We won't live in their private Idahos.
March 8: THE AIRLINES VERSUS THE BIBLE
United's lost weekend of delays and this week's continuing glitches remind us that airlines always want the benefit of the doubt from us when they have a problem. But when do they cut us a break when we have a problem? The answer: Never. That's why the Biblical enjoinder to do unto others as you would have them do unto you doesn't work with airlines. For business travelers, the only wise course is to do unto the airlines exactly as they do unto us. Demand they perform or take your business elsewhere.
March 3: UNITED'S MARCH MADNESS
United Airlines switched from Apollo to the SHARES computer system used by United Airlines over the weekend. And it was a disaster. Weekend on-time performance in the legacy United hubs was awful and there were scores of data issues, especially among elite flyers.
February 16: THE 2012 BUSINESS-CLASS BARGAIN OUTLOOK
For the first time in years, there really do seem to be fewer international business-class deals around. And those that remain are higher in price and with more onerous purchase restrictions. But don't panic. You can still find the bargains if you know how the game is played.
February 8: THE CHAOS IN EUROPE'S SKIES
Strikes in Frankfurt and against Iberia Airlines this week have crippled travel around Europe and dinged our ability to use the the Star and Oneworld alliances. We've got the latest details and have collected all of our earlier urgent dispatches in one place.
January 20: BUSINESS LESSONS FROM A DYING TV SHOW
Chuck, a television show you've probably never seen, ends an improbable five-year run this month, and it offers business people a useful lesson: Widespread critical acclaim and massive social-media buzz do not necessarily equal financial success.
These columns originally appeared at JoeSentMe.com.
Copyright � 1993-2012 by Joe Brancatelli. All rights reserved.


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Polling official dies of heart attack in Chhattisgarh
Apr 18, 2019 (3 months ago) | ANI
Kanker , Apr 18 : A polling official died after suffering a heart attack while on election duty in Chhattisgarh's Kanker on Thursday.
The deceased was deployed at polling booth number 186 in Kanker.
Today, the polling is underway in three Lok Sabha constituencies (Kanker, Rajnandgaon, and Mahasamund) in the state.
Till 9 am in Chhattisgarh, 11 per cent voter turnout was recorded in the second phase of Lok Sabha elections.
Out of the 11 seats at stake in the state, Bastar Lok Sabha constituency went to polls on April 11, while polling in the remaining seven seats will be held on April 23.


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Q: XAMPP for linux: how to get information about an error 500? im gettin an error 500 in xampp. When i open /opt/lampp/logs/access_log i get this line:
127.0.0.1 - - [18/Jul/2010:23:02:53 +0200] "GET /miembros HTTP/1.1" 500 1900

Is there any way to get more information (cause, etc) about the error ?
Regards
Javi

A: Yes
/opt/lampp/logs/error_log

or whatever is configured as your error_log in apache.
The access_log lists only files that were accessed by web clients.
The error_log instead lists the error messages that occured while generating the web pages.


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Ingenium Locations
Explore the ever-changing stories of manufacturing, security, robotics, artificial intelligence, and more.
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Innovation150 (1)
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) (1)
Space.com (1)
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Sort by Date (Newest)Date (Oldest)
Why do we call computer glitches "bugs"?
Ingenium - Canada's Museums of Science and Innovation
The term "bug" is another way of saying something is wrong with our computer or software, but where did the term come from? While many attribute the reference to computer scientist Grace Hopper, this article from Curiosity explains that it dates back to Thomas Edison's private journals.
Emerging tech: Honeybee habitats can now be inside your home
A new product will soon enable novice beekeepers to keep honeybees inside their houses. The BEEcosystem is modular honeybee habitat that can be hung almost anywhere; it simply needs to be placed near a window if inside, or in a sheltered location outside. Watch a video that shows how the technology works.
Newsroom: Canada Aviation and Space Museum joins national partners on search-and-recovery of free-flight Avro Arrow models from Lake Ontario
Canada Aviation and Space Museum
For immediate release Ottawa, July 14, 2017 The Canada Aviation and Space Museum is proud to support OEX Recovery Group Incorporated ("OEX"), in a project involving the search-and-recovery of nine free-flight Avro Arrow models from Lake Ontario. The project was created by OEX as a Canada 150 initiative. As one of the three museums under the new Ingenium banner, the Canada Aviation and Space Museum—in collaboration with the Canadian Conservation Institute—will provide historical information to
Raising the Avro Arrow
Using Kraken Sonar Inc. advanced high resolution sonar technology to scan Lake Ontario, a team from OEX Recovery Group Inc. launch the search and recovery of nine free-flight Avro-Arrow models.
Collection Highlights: Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow 2
Intended to replace the Avro Canada CF-100, the CF-105 Arrow was a technical masterpiece at the forefront of aviation engineering during its time. The Canadian government believed, however, that the manned bomber threat was diminishing and that air defence could be better handled by unmanned BOMARC missiles. The contract was cancelled on February 20, 1959 while test flying was still in progress. By then five Arrows had flown. The government ordered all completed Arrows, related documentation
Canada's Jet-Age Dream: The Avro Arrow
Between 1952 and 1959, Avro Canada developed an advanced all-weather fighter interceptor called the CF-105 Arrow. This aircraft, with its futuristic, delta-wing design, captured Canadians' imaginations in a way few projects have, before or since.
P.O. Box 9724, Station T
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