Well, it's that time of year, so I'm going to tell you a story about Christmas. It's not really the happiest story, but I think it's a good story anyway. This is the story of one of the worst days of my life, how it got better, and who made it so…and yes, it happened during Christmastime.
My father died when a drunk driver ran into his car. I was just out of college at the time and worked for his company. My dad was a printer and made those coffee table books and posters for museums like the Met and the Smithsonian. He loved his clients. Dad was the king of long-term business relationships…he remembered where a kid went to college, remembered special anniversaries, asked after parents. His clients loved him too. As my father's employee and as his daughter, I felt I owed it to his closest clients to go down to D.C., where Dad did most of his business, and see them in person.
You can imagine how it felt to sit in their offices six weeks after my father's death and have those folks tell me how wonderful he was, to have them cry and shake their heads in disbelief that their old friend was gone. But I wanted to make Dad proud—doesn't every daughter?—so I let them hug me, thanked them for their kindness and told them how much my father had always loved working with them, and how much it meant to my family and me to know how highly they regarded my dad.
It was awful. To this day, it was one of the hardest things I've ever had to do. Add to this, I didn't know anyone in Washington. I didn't want to go back to an empty room after my long day, so I just walked, found myself in Georgetown, which was bright with Christmas lights, awash in wreaths and ribbons, all those posh shops and beautiful restaurants, the elegant townhouses and wrought-iron fences. Snow was falling, and the whole scene looked like a Christmas movie. Georgetown truly is one of the most beautiful neighborhoods in America.
The guy was white, and he was dirty and skinny, reddish hair. I don't remember his face too well, but he had a scruffy beard. He followed me in uncertainly—clearly he wouldn't have been sitting on the street if that restaurant had welcomed the homeless. Up at the counter, I ordered two of everything—burgers, fries, coffee, milkshake (he could use some fattening up). Then I brought the tray back and asked him to eat with me.
Before you think this is a story of my goodness and mercy, let me tell something. It isn't. I was nervous. He did not smell good, this guy. I told him I was married (I wasn't) and that my husband was meeting me in half an hour. I could've given him a hundred dollars, put him up in a hotel for the night, at least paid for cab fare to a shelter, and I did none of those things. I could've bought him a lot more than a hamburger and fries.
But he was thrilled, and I admit that it was kind of nice, sitting there under the disapproving gaze of the Roy Rogers manager. My new pal liked that we were breaking the rules…the rule was, he told me, that you had to buy something to come in the restaurant, and he couldn't afford even a cup of coffee, being that he spent whatever money he got on alcohol. He slept in his car most nights, though he would go to a shelter tonight. He showed me a very old and tattered picture of a girl—his daughter. She would be in her twenties now, but he hadn't seen her and indeed, didn't know where she was anymore.
At the end of the meal, I gave Ted the change from my twenty. He thanked me, and I waved as I crossed the street, sort of concerned that he'd follow me, take my purse, kill me, whatever. He didn't. He just waved, a huge smile on his face. "God bless you, nice lady!" he shouted.
I'm guessing that Ted has died by now. Life on the street, alcoholism, illness…I'm quite sure I'll never see him again. But I wish I could, because if I did, I'd thank him for giving me the chance to do something decent. I'd tell him how grateful I was that he showed me his most precious possession, that worn picture of his child. I'd apologize for being afraid of him and lying to him, and I'd thank him for reminding me just how much I had. Most of all, I'd thank him for being nice to me. I was a lost soul that night with an awful ache in my heart…and Ted, he helped me. In the season of angels and miracles and hope, I really think that Ted was a sort of angel, because that cheerful, smiling homeless man gave me a place to stay, a person to talk to and a chance to look outside of myself, at least for a little while. He took one of the saddest, hardest, loneliest days of my life and let me find something good in it.
So here's to you, Ted. Wherever you are, I hope you're okay. Maybe someday, we'll meet again.


Where To Buy CBD Oil In Marsing, Owyhee, Idaho?
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Why Should Cannabidiol CBD Oil Supplements Be Utilized In Marsing Owyhee, ID?
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text:
Netizens upset over MAMAMOO Moonbyul's injury at the "Idol Star Athletics Championship"
Many idols were injured at MBC's Idol Star Athletics Championship, but they are adamant that the show itself is not to blame for the injuries.
Netizens have compiled a list of idols who were injured on the show in one of the top trending posts on Pann. Here is the direct translation of the post and some of the top comments:
"Sure if they don't attend they wouldn't get hurt but word has it that if they don't attend they receive a lot of disadvantages on music shows.
I guess even these things are kind of understandable but…
If the idols do get injured, shouldn't they receive proper treatment and be allowed to rest?? Why do they only get the bare minimum care and are forced to keep filming.
Also, I heard that the less popular idols only get cup ramen for lunch while the popular idols eat lunch boxes provided by the fans.
Moreover, there are a lot of idols whose promotions are affected because they get injured at the Idol Star Athletics Championship.
Seriously the fans wouldn't be mad at the Idol Star Athletics Championship if they let the idols sleep properly, eat well, and receive proper treatment;;;"
MAMAMOO Moonbyul
Fan's concern over Mamamoo Moonbyul 's injury
"What the f***! Our Moon Star was the first to get injured! While running, it's said that she fell on her face. They say that the injuries are very minor, but apparently she limped off to where there wasn't anyone and began crying. Reporters stated that her injury was only minor, but if it is a serious injury and if Moonbyul shows any sign of exhaustion or pain, I will kill you MBC, I will f****** find you guys!
And I heard that SEVENTEEN's leader is limping as well!
You bastards! Why won't you just get rid of the Idol Star Athletics Championship Show!"
Fan's concern over Mamamoo Moonbyul's injury
"At the Idol Star Athletics Championship Show, Moonbyul was running in first place and then she fell. Moonbyul cried (at this point, even the non-MAMAMOO fans were throwing tissue at her telling her not to cry).
When Moonbyul fell, the other members of MAMAMOO ran up to her and comforted her, but as they were leaving, all the other members started to cry.
Moonbyul has injured her leg, chin, and cheek, and she was limping when she left. The injured area had scratches and bruises, and it said that she will attend other scheduled activities."
"First of all, I was at the Idol Star Athletics Championship, so let me tell you what I saw. Moonbyul began running at 12th place, then she got to 1st, but then something was weird with her left foot. So she fell forward and fell on the right side of her face. And the Idol Star Athletics Championship replayed that moment to us five times. Then the other members came and comforted her and everyone was throwing her tissues. Because Moonbyul was crying, everyone beginning with Solar also began to cry. Then Moonbyul left with the aid of Solar and their manager.
Moonbyul had gotten chin surgery in the past due to an accident and she fell on her chin ….
What if something big happened on that part of the chin.
What's even more ridiculous is that the show replayed Moonbyul falling over 5 times with closeup… Are you serious?
Seriously, why don't they just get rid of the show?"
"I hope she gets better soon!
In JTBC's show War of Words, Super Junior Heechul words"
Super Junior Heechul on "War of Words"
Kim Gu Ra said, "Idol Star Athletics Championship rates a bit more than 10%, this time there was good ratings, but there weren't a lot of popular idols."
"Super Junior Kim Heechul stated that every year on the show there are quite a lot of injuries and that AOA Seolhyun was injured during curling.
Heechul also revealed "Idols are at times forced to attend the Idol Star Athletics Championship, and if they reject the offer, they are at disadvantages at the music shows."
He continued to say that after he revealed the truth, a lot of his younger idols contacted him with thank you's, and that they felt good seeing him speak out against them (the show)."
Teen Top L.Joe received a hand injury but in the report, they stated that no one got an injury.
Teen Top L.Joe's Hand Injury
"5 minutes after the game starts, L.Joe gets an injury. The show director didn't even know that L.Joe got an injury until L.Joe left the game holding his finger at which point he got permission to stop playing. ㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋ I am at loss of words."
Block B P.O
Block B P.O's Injury
"Ji Hoon (P.O's real name) Oppa, hurt his left hand."
"He can't even bend his finger, it's obviously injured.."
"Oh My Girl Binnie also hurt her waist and legs, and she cried."
"GOT7 Jackson and Junior are wearing casts as well."
List of Injuries from Idol Star Athletics Championship
"This is a list of injuries from the beginning, but this is incomplete because there are a lot more."
VIXX's Leo, INFINITE's Woohyun and Sungyeol, SISTAR's Bora, Apink's Hayoung, Namjoo, and Bomi, TEEN TOP's Changjo and Niel, GOT7's Jackson, SHINee's MInho, AOA's Seolhyun, and MAMAMOO's Moonbyul.
[+488 / -5] No seriously, this is funny because you say that they should stop broadcasting this show, but fans stay up all night and still attend the Championship. If you guys keep attending then who will stop broadcasting it?
[+312 / -3] You say that we shouldn't go to the Championship and that they should stop broadcasting, but you guys still go. Truthfully, if everyone boycotts it, then Idol Star Athletics Championship will stop by itself. So stop just saying things and put it into action
[+156 / -4] Teen Top L.Joe hurt his hand playing basketball, but the articles said no one got hurt in the basketball games. Seriously I get really angry over this type of bs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Webservices
###########

Build and consume web services (aka APIs) in Python.

********
Features
********

* Providers that work with Django, Flask and Twisted
* Everything is signed (using itsdangerous)
* Synchronous consumer (framework independant)
* Asynchronous consumer (powered by Twisted)

************
Installation
************

Django (provider/consumer)
==========================

``pip install webservices[django]``

Flask (provider/consumer)
=========================

``pip install webservices[flask]``

Twisted (provider/consumer)
===========================

``pip install webservices[twisted]``

Synchronous consumer only
=========================

``pip install webservices[consumer]``

**********
Quickstart
**********

We'll write an API that greets you with your name (or 'hello world' if not name
is provided).

Provider
========

Django
------

We assume you have a setting ``API_KEYS`` which is a dictionary of public keys
mapping to private keys.

``myapi/urls.py``::

    from django.conf.urls import url, patterns
    from webservices.sync import provider_for_django
    from myapi.views import HelloProvider

    urlpatterns = patterns('',
        url(r'hello/$', provider_for_django(HelloProvider())),
    )

Your ``myapi/views.py``::

    from django.conf import settings
    from webservices.models import Provider

    class HelloProvider(Provider):
        def get_private_key(self, public_key):
            return settings.API_KEYS.get(public_key)

        def provide(self, data):
            name = data.get('name', 'world')
            return {'greeting': u'hello %s' % name}

Flask
-----

``app.py``::

    from flask import Flask
    from webservices.sync import provider_for_flask
    from webservices.models import Provider

    app = Flask(__name__)

    API_KEYS = {
        'publickey': 'privatekey', # your keys here
    }

    class HelloProvider(Provider):
        def get_private_key(self, public_key):
            return API_KEYS.get(public_key)

        def provide(self, data):
            name = data.get('name', 'world')
            return {'greeting': u'hello %s' % name}

    provider_for_flask(app, '/hello/', HelloProvider())

Twisted
-------

``app.py``::

    from twisted.internet import reactor
    from twisted.web.server import Site
    from webservices.async import provider_for_twisted
    from webservices.models import Provider

    API_KEYS = {
        'publickey': 'privatekey', # your keys here
    }

    class HelloProvider(Provider):
        def get_private_key(self, public_key):
            return API_KEYS.get(public_key)

        def provide(self, data):
            name = data.get('name', 'world')
            return {'greeting': u'hello %s' % name}

    resource = provider_for_twisted(HelloProvider())

    site = Site(resource)
    reactor.listenTCP(80, site)
    reactor.run()

Noticed how the provider is basically the same for all three (other than
``get_private_key``)? Neat, right?

Handling errors
---------------

To log errors (for example using raven) you can implement the ``report_exception`` method on ``Provider`` classes.
This method is called whenever the ``provide`` method throws an exception. It takes no arguments.

Consumer
========

Synchronous
-----------

To consume that code (assuming it's hosted on 'https://api.example.org')::

    from webservices.sync import SyncConsumer

    consumer = SyncConsumer('https://api.example.org', 'mypublickey', 'myprivatekey')
    result = consumer.consume('/hello/', {'name': 'webservices')
    print result # prints 'hello webservices'

Asynchronous
------------

Same as above, but async::

    from webservices.async import TwistedConsumer
    from twisted.internet import reactor

    def callback(result):
        print result # prints 'hello webserivces'
        reactor.stop()

    consumer = TwistedConsumer('https://api.example.org', 'mypublickey', 'myprivatekey')
    deferred = consumer.consume('/hello/', {'name': 'webservices')
    deferred.addCallback(callback)

    reactor.run()

Data Source Name
----------------

You can create consumers from Data Source Names (eg ``'http://public_key:private_key@api.example.org'``) using the
``from_dsn`` classmethod on consumers.

Example:

    consumer = SyncConsumer.from_dsn('https://public_key:private_key@api.example.org')

*******
License
*******

This code is licensed under the 3-clause BSD license, see LICENSE.txt.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Posts tagged 'New Orleans'
The Saint came marching in last month in New Orleans
If you like art, design, creative cuisine or just hanging with coolios, the spanking new boutique hotel, The Saint, should be on your twitter feed and, if you're heading to New Orleans, it should be on your itinerary.
Grand opening was January 28 and, although they're still tweaking the details, this opulent new property at the corner of Burgundy and Canal is going to be making Adele-size waves. It's next door to the Ritz-Carlton on the outskirts of the French Quarter and every square foot is unique from the gnome tables in the Burgundy Bar to the pressed tin awning leading into the lobby.
American Airlines pilot Mark Wyant who, along with his partner, mom Jana Wyant, poured $45 million into New Orleans' latest luxury option, lucked into this one-of-a-kind project on a vacation with his family. He saw the "For Sale" sign on the abandoned 1909 Audubon building that, at one time, housed the city's Woolworth's department store. He was intrigued and decided to call, just on a whim.
And what a whim it turned out to be! Since that time, he has turned his heart over to this project that includes 166 rooms, a speakeasy, a rooftop bar and two restaurants helmed by Chef Michael Stoltzfus, pegged as one of Food and Wine's top 100 chefs, and celebrated in the Big Easy for Coquette, his popular restaurant in the Garden District.
Halo, the rooftop lounge that should open just in time for the Final Four playoffs, offers a panoramic view (one of very few in New Orleans) from the top of the eight-story building.
The lobby, whimsically designed with no square walls, surprises at every turn from 21-foot
Italian-crafted columns and backlit white drapes to giant black and white photos of the historically-significant building in 1910 when it first opened and in 1921 during Mardis Gras.
The rooms, ringing in at a respectable 320-square-feet, show off exposed brick walls, white lacquered furnishings, marble bathrooms, amenities by Niven Morgan and dark blue ceilings, chosen, says Wyant, for the pilot's motto, "Keep the blue side up."
Folk art by William Hemmerling adorns the walls of Sweet Olive, the funky street-level bistro with an imaginative menu that sources local food and changes seasonally. Found during opening season are such dishes as rabbit jambalaya, wild boar rillette, sweet potato gnocchi, she crab soup and Velvet Elvis, a mixture of peanut butter, banana and bacon ice creams, red velvet crumble and cream cheese mousse.
The vibe at the Saint is bohemian chic with custom-made chandeliers, furniture and lobby pool table. And since it is only blocks from early jazz clubs frequented by such legendary performers as Louis Armstrong and Jelly Roll Morton, live jazz is offered nightly
The street car stops at the front door. 931 Canal Street, 504.522.5400, www.thesainthotelneworleans.com
February 10, 2012 psgrout 2 Comments
Categories: Uncategorized Tags: Halo, Jana Wyant, Mardis Gras, Mark Wyant, Michael Stoltzfus, New Orleans, Sweet Olive, The Saint Hotel
Insiders Guide to Mardis Gras
Remember when you were in kindergarten and your mom pinned a note to your lapel, informing anyone who found you who you were and where you belonged? That's what this article is, the digital equivalent of a "pinned note" that will point you in the right direction in case you (hic!) happen to quaff just a few too many hurricanes during this year's Carnival season.
Yes, it's February, which means it's time to get yourself to New Orleans as fast and as expeditiously as possible. Last year, the Big Easy played host to more than 1 million Mardis Gras revelers and there's no reason to think this year is going to be any different.
So let me be your designated driver with these eight tips for making the most of the best party of the year.
1. Position yourself carefully You want to book a room that's right in the center of the action and one that won't suck up extra cash. The French Quarter's Hotel Le Marais, is stumbling distance from Bourbon Street and even though it recently underwent a major renovation, it's still reasonably priced, leaving plenty of dinero for several night's worth of Hand Grenades. The 64-room boutique hotel is stylish, slick and even throws in a decent hangover-relieving breakfast next to its brick courtyard.
2. Fill your "tank" first. Speaking of hangovers, it's imperative to get a good dinner in before wandering the streets in search of frivolity. Arnauds, a legendary New Orleans restaurant, will pamper you in turn-of-the-century dining rooms with white tablecloths, tuxedoed waiters and Dixieland troubadours. Started in 1918 by French wine salesman Arnaud Cazenave, Arnaud's specializes in such Creole dishes as crabmeat ravigotte (sweet lump crabmeat with a Creole-mustard sauce) and shrimp Arnuad (this specialty appetizer features boiled shrimp with tangy remoulade). Upstairs is an official Mardis Gras museum with more than two dozen lavish costumes — including 13 worn by Arnaud's daughter and successor of the restaurant, Germaine Cazenave Wells, who holds the record (22) for most reigns as queen of a Mardis Gras ball.
3. Bring an extra bag. You'll need it for all the beads, doubloons, cups (known as New Orleans dinnerware), toys and other assorted treasures that masked riders on Mardis Gras floats throw out to crowds along the parade route. The throwing of trinkets started in the 1870s by the Twelfth Night Revelers, one of the oldest Krewes.
4. Think "hair of the dog." At Brennan's, another long-standing New Orleans restaurant where breakfast has been turned into an art form, you can ward of evil spirits of the night before with their famous Brandy Milk Punch which according to long-time resident Bonnie Warren, is the best hangover cure in town. You'll probably have to wait to get in (Brennan's starts filling up at daybreak), but it's so worth it with such signature dishes as Eggs Hussarde, Eggs Sardou and bananas Foster that was invented here in 1951 and named for Richard Foster, a friend of Owen Brennan, the original owner who opened his now famous French restaurant on a dare from the above-mentioned Count Arnaud. Gossip columnist Hedda Hopper once claimed to be on a three-week diet after a three-hour breakfast at this venerable institution.
5. Get out of the French Quarter. But not too far. At The Palace Café, around the corner on Canal Street, you can dine outside in what feels like an outdoor Parisian café. This elegant bistro, named best new restaurant by both Esquire and USA Today when in opened in 1991, is a popular place for locals to celebrate birthdays, wedding anniversaries and other special occasions such as "Yea! I made it to Mardis Gras this year!" Don't miss the crabmeat cheesecake.
6. Soak up some fresh air. Before the Court of Two Sisters offered its popular jazz brunch, this block of the French Quarter was home to five governors, a future justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, a future president of the United States and Marquis de Vaudreuil, the colonial royal governor who transformed the marshland village known as New Orleans into a "petit Paris." Now, this New Orleans hotspot offers the largest outdoor courtyard in the city and a daily brunch with more than 90 items, hot and cold.
7. Remember you're in a port city. And that means seafood. Chef Tenney Flynn, co-owner of GW Fins and the guy the Wall Street Journal calls "the fishmonger czar of the Gulf," prints a different menu each day. That way he's guaranteed of getting the freshest, most delectable seafood available for that day. And you're guaranteed to enjoy it. Flynn's weekly cooking segments on the nationally-syndicated fishing "The Big Fish" reels in customers from around the world.
8. Make a sign. It's tradition to hold up signs telling the world where you're from. And while you're at it, add a "Hi Mom! Thanks for all the pinned notes."
February 3, 2012 psgrout 1 Comment
Categories: Uncategorized Tags: Arnaud's, Brennan's, Court of Two Sisters, GW Fins, Mardis Gras, New Orleans


And congrats Caj don't really know you but your a good person and deserve it.
Re: June 2015 HOTM - Congrats Cajunate!!!
Grats Caj! ... it wasn't just that you set up the forum ... it was the 80 personal invitations you sent too. Awesome stuff!
Job well done, above and beyond!


A parolee who was convicted of murder in the 1995 slaying of a reclusive Upper East Side woman was sentenced yesterday to 25 years in prison.
Calling Angel Paris-Serrano, 42, a predator, Judge William A. Wetzel of State Supreme Court in Manhattan dismissed arguments from Mr. Paris-Serrano's lawyer that his client was mentally ill.
Throughout the trial, the lawyer, John Iannuzzi, said Mr. Paris-Serrano suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and believed himself to be a descendant of Napoleon III. On June 16, a jury convicted Mr. Paris-Serrano of murdering Sherry Hollis Gini while robbing her apartment on July 23, 1995. Ms. Gini, 49, was stabbed 14 times.


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From Manila to Subic and finally to the scenic Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar situated in Bagac, Bataan, the newest MPV in town went through a grueling road trip.
The road trip gave motoring mediamen an opportunity to test drive the all-new Xpander and saw for themselves the performance, riding comfort and features which made it one of the most desirable MPVs in the country.
Mitsubishi's Road Trip turned into a torture test of some sort with motoring mediamen (below) getting behind the wheel of the Xpander.
After their first driving experience with the Xpander, the mediamen were very impressed with the Xpander. They took note of the powerful performance of the Xpander engine, the roominess and comfortable ride and amenities such as 12V power outlets that can be found at the first row, second row and third row. They also commented the Xpander is easy to drive and fuel efficient as well which makes it among the top choices in the market.
MMPC General Manager for Product Planning and Marketing Communication Arlan Reyes, Jr. said that the destination was perfect to demonstrate the capabilities of the Xpander given the varied traffic and road conditions.
Mitsubishi officers and several members of the motoring media take a refreshing pose after the road adventure.
The picturesque Las Casas served as a perfect blend for theXpander's backdrop given the futuristic styling and the dynamic shield design concept which makes this vehicle a standout, Reyes said.


Medieval history is deliciously rich and harkens back to roots for many of us. I chose the year 1296 because it was pivotal year for Scotland, when her sovereignty was seriously challenged by England. Like all historic events, this did not happen in a vacuum. Scottish crown had been rendered ineffective due to infighting among nobles who fancied themselves contenders to the throne. The church hierarchy aligned themselves with the English crown.
Scotland was not some backwater country as some historians have led us to believe, but an ally of kingdoms on the continent which were prone to mysticism through their Celtic ways. No wonder the Roman church allied with England. Scots were independent thinkers on many levels. They didn't always make the wisest choices, but human nature has not changed that much over time.
Book One in the The Temple Chronicles series is chocked full of trivia, people places and unfolding dynamics… ie context of the story being told. This is more than just a story. It is an immersive experience in the life of the Dalrymple family of Scotland at the dawn of the Wars of Scottish Independence.
Here are some of the parallels between the turn 14th century and early 21st century….
Markets surrounding Cathedral and Abbey towns.


text:
Нуева Ера има више значења:

 Нуева Ера (Сијера Мохада), насеље у савезној држави Коавила у Мексику
 Нуева Ера (Чијапа де Корзо), насеље у савезној држави Чијапас у Мексику
 Нуева Ера (Хименез), насеље у савезној држави Тамаулипас у Мексику
 Нуева Ера (Хуан Родригез Клара), насеље у савезној држави Веракруз у Мексику
 Нуева Ера (Тлакоталпан), насеље у савезној држави Веракруз у Мексику

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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A Milánó–Bologna nagysebességű vasútvonal egy 182 km hosszú, kétvágányú, -cel villamosított nagysebességű vasútvonal Olaszországban.

A Milánó–Róma vonalon a személyszállítási teljesítmény 32 százalékkal növekedett, miután 2008 decemberében megnyitották a Milánó–Bologna közötti nagysebességű szakaszt.

A vasút piaci részesedése 48 százalékra emelkedett a megelőző év 32 százalékáról, a szóban forgó viszonylatban. A légi közlekedés viszont az eddigi 54 százalékról 39-re csökkent. Több mint egymillió utas veszi igénybe havonta a vonalat. Olaszország miniszterelnöke, Silvio Berlusconi, hivatalosan felavatta a Trenitalia "vörös nyíl" nagysebességű üzemét, Milánó-Bologna között 2009. március 24-én. Az új vonat Milánót Bolognával 1 óra 5 perc alatt köti össze, A Milánó – Róma út pedig 3 órára rövidült. A vonal része a transzeurópai vasúthálózatnak.

További információk

 consorzio.cepavuno.it: Webseite des Bieterkonsortiums CEPAV UNO
 rfi.it: Informationen über die TVA Milano–Bologna der Rete Ferroviaria Italiana

Források

Olaszország nagysebességű vasútvonalai
Bologna közlekedése
Emilia-Romagna vasútvonalai
Lombardia vasútvonalai


This lovely condominium is located near the entrance to Playacar at the beginning of 5th Avenue, just a short 3 minute walk to the beach and steps from some of the best dining and shopping options in Playa del Carmen. You and your guests will enjoy your own private roof deck with Jacuzzi and common pool with plenty of lounge chairs, perfect for hours of relaxing in this bohemian chic tropical beach town.
The open floor plan of the social areas of this condominium make entertaining or relaxing as a family simple. The dinning and living area are spacious and the breakfast bar for the galley style kitchen makes for easy serving for everyone when used as a buffet and is perfect for a quick lunch or coffee. The master suite is complete wit and en suite bathroom, the guest room has a shared bathroom and plenty of closet space to comfortably accommodate all the beach toys and sports equipment that you will want to enjoy the fabulous weather year round.
With underground parking, well maintained communal pool area, and various dining and shopping options onsite you will almost have no need to leave the condominium complex, even though it is only a 3 minute walk to the beach and 1 minute to 5th Avenue.
Call our agents today for more information about this fabulous condominium in the heart of Playa del Carmen.


Hemorrhoids can be embarrassing and painful to say the least. This article will advise you on current ways to effectively care for hemorrhoids. While it can seem that your suffering is unending, there are methods you can use to minimize your hemorrhoids and the pain they inflict on you.
Try to adopt a fiber rich diet to combat hemorrhoids. Add foods with lots of fiber to your diet. These include green, leafy vegetables and whole grains. Fiber in your diet can encourage spontaneous activity of the bowels and prevent the need for straining.
Getting plenty of Rutin helps prevent hemorrhoids. Weak blood vessels can cause hemorrhoids. Rutin is a flavonoid that is essential for the absorption of Vitamin C and it assists in strengthening blood vessels. Rutin is found in citrus, onions, broccoli. If you take it in supplement form, take 500mg daily.
You can find a lot of remedies in your home. An ice pack, for one, is an easy solution. Ice packs can be used to lessen the pain you are experiencing. This can decrease your inflammation and help to provide relief.
One cause of hemorrhoids is straining too hard during a bowel movement. Stools will move more freely if you absorb large quantities of water and maintain a diet that is low in refined foods. When going to the bathroom, a squatting position can help to avoid excessive straining. When you are on the toilet, put a short stool underneath your feet. Hemorrhoids are less common in countries where people squat instead of sitting.
Use ice to stop hemorrhoid pain. Inflamed hemorrhoids can cause significant pain. Address the swelling and pain with a carefully applied ice pack. Alternate the ice pack with a warm compress. Soaking in a warm tub, and then applying an ice pack will reduce swelling and pain related to hemorrhoids, and help you be more comfortable.
Eating whole grains such as whole wheat bread can improve your digestion, which helps reduce hemorrhoids. This will reduce the swelling and irritation. When making a sandwich, opt for wheat bread instead of white.
If you have a better understanding of hemorrhoids, you'll realize that you don't have much to worry about. If you or a loved one suffers from this problem, you should do some research on the subject. Essentially, hemorrhoids are caused by nerves and veins that are strained and swollen and painful.
Consume fiber-rich foods, and drink plenty of water in order to soften feces. Softer stools prevent hemorrhoids by causing less strain. Some fruits will help soften your stool. Veggies like okra and cabbage also contain fiber which will help your bowel movements. To see the full effects of these foods, make sure you drink lots of water.
By utilizing the advice in the above article, you can begin some steps for eliminating hemorrhoids pain. As with any medical condition, hemorrhoids will benefit from knowledge and proper treatment. By applying the correct strategy and having a positive attitude, you can soon eliminate your hemorrhoids.


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KPRC AM 950 (KPRC-AM)
135 Followers 135 Followers 43 Following 43 Following
Black Coffee Radio Podcast
Category: Leisure
Black Coffee Radio is the brainchild of Houston media darlings Craig Hlavaty and Justin King, both steeped in local culture since birth. No topic is off-limits, and nobody is safe when these two hit the air Saturdays at 11 p.m. on KPRC AM 950. See more...
Fifty Plus
Category: Society & Culture
Doug Pike hosts Fifty+ Sundays at 11 a.m. on KPRC AM 950, Houston. As you move into your older and wiser years, you're going to have questions on many different topics. This show is dedicated to you. See more...
Geek Therapy Radio Podcast
We're ALL geeks about something, so embrace your inner geek! Join your "Mental Curator" Johnny Hemberger each week as we explore our many, many exhibits of geekdom in an open, fun, and heartfelt way! Subscribe on YouTube! https://www.youtube.com/c/geektherapyradio Contact info and much more https://www.geektherapy See more...
GenX Fit
Category: Fitness
Gen-X-Fit with Cliff Saunders looks at fitness for everyone that's a Generation X'er. The fitness industry focuses on people in their 20's and 30's. It focuses on the Instagram influencers that aren't real. This podcast is about what's real, because you live a real life. See more...
Houston P. A. hosted by Laurent
Houston P.A. is a weekly program of conversation hosted by Laurent Fouilloud-Buyat (just call him Laurent, pronounced low-ront). Each week, Laurent invites you to meet the people who make Houston unique: the museum curators, scientists, writers, dancers, musicians, civil servants, the neighbor who used to be an alcoholic but is no See more...
Hunting Matters
Category: Hobbies
Tradition. Conservation. Family. The Outdoors. It matters to you. It matters to us. This is "Hunting Matters", presented by the Houston Safari Club Foundation (HSCF). With HSCF Executive Director Joe Betar. Join Joe as he engages in conversations with guests, from various backgrounds, that have a passion for hunting and conservati See more...
Michael Garfield: The High Tech Texan
Michael Garfield's High Tech Texan program is heard 11 am to 1 p.m. weekends on KPRC AM 950. See more...
Real Estate Matters with Bill Knapik
Business Development and Real Estate Matters. See more...
Real Wealth Academy
For over 6 years I worked 60 hours a week in corporate America. My reward? A $20,000 a year pay cut at 27. This woke me up. I quit my job and started investing in real estate. This has allowed me to spend more time with my family and lead a more balanced life. I now teach others how to use real estate to do the same thing. My miss See more...
Relevant Recovery Radio
Category: Mental Health
Hosts Michael Lohan & Larry Wedekind talk recovering from dependencies. Anything from drugs and alcohol to eating and social media, mental health depression and similar subjects. They will have have sober celebrities like, Steve-O, along with sports figures from the NFL/MLB/NBA. See more...
Road to Hope Radio
The Mission of Road to Hope Radio is to reach out to our Military and Veteran community and their families with real, practical help. We understand that when a person serves in the military, their family serves along with them. Our show is designed be both informational and inspirational. Road to Hope Radio is hosted by David Maul See more...
Sorry, I'm not from here with Calum Reed
STA Money Hour Podcast
STA's Luke Patterson and Michael Smith host an educational and informative show focused on helping listeners build and maintain their personal wealth. See more...
The Jimmy Barrett Show
Jimmy Barrett comes to KPRC via Detroit, Mich., and Richmond, Va. where he spent several decades doing mornings. Jimmy was also the longtime public address announcer for Michigan Men's Basketball and the Detroit Tigers. He loves sports and is excited to now be able to root for the Astros, Texans and Rockets. "There ar See more...
The Listing Pros
Buying or selling a home or investing in real estate? Make sure you enter the experience well prepared with The Listing Pros! Hosted by top producing professionals Steve & Peggy Dancer, who share their 40+ years of experience, knowledge & expert solutions. This show is broadcast weekly on 950 AM KPRC, Houston and streams v See more...
The Outlaw Dave Show
Rock n Roll Talk Radio with Outlaw Dave See more...
The Time Machine with Andrew Green
Join Andrew Green in the Time Machine as he takes you back to memory lane with conversations about old movies, tv shows, music, sports, wrestling, conspiracies, murders and everything else in between, plus interviews with some of his friends that have gone on to do some pretty amazing things. See more...
The Truth with Charles Adams
Charles Adams is a former Police Officer, a former Judge and a practicing Trial Lawyer. Every weekday, he provides Houston, Texas and his online listeners around the World with his uncensored but even handed opinions on the latest political, legal, law enforcement, true crime, and social issue stories of the day. His show is uniqu See more...
Urban Reform
A Houston based podcast covering local, state and national politics with Urban Reform's Charles Blain and Houston Young Republican's Matt Wiltshire. Produced by Ken Webster jr See more...
What's On Tap Radio
What's on Tap Radio is an award winning radio show covering beer and the culture around it, heard Sundays 3-5p on KPRC-AM 950, Houston.. Beer Guru James Simpson and Beer Logic Chad Pilbeam bring news from the beer world, break down beer styles and what foods pairs with it, homebrewing and they talk with brewmasters/prominent playe See more...


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Three Wise Monkeys - Diamond Art Kit
Square Drills / 10 x 14 inch (25 x 35 cm) Square Drills / ** FREE 08 x 12 inch (20 x 30 cm) Square Drills / 12 x 16 inch (30 x 40 cm) Square Drills / 16 x 20 inch (40 x 50 cm) Square Drills / 16 x 24 inch (40 x 60 cm) Square Drills / 20 x 28 inch (50 x 70 cm) Square Drills / 24 x 35 inch (60 x 90 cm) Round Drills / 10 x 14 inch (25 x 35 cm) Round Drills / ** FREE 08 x 12 inch (20 x 30 cm) Round Drills / 12 x 16 inch (30 x 40 cm) Round Drills / 16 x 20 inch (40 x 50 cm) Round Drills / 16 x 24 inch (40 x 60 cm) Round Drills / 20 x 28 inch (50 x 70 cm) Round Drills / 24 x 35 inch (60 x 90 cm)
Bring the three wise monkeys to life with this do-it-yourself Meridian Diamond Art kit!
Various different picture sizes to choose from. The sizes described above are approximated to the nearest inch.
Bags of environmentally friendly resin diamonds (round or square) sized 2.5 mm.


Sony BDV-N5200W home cinema system review - Which?
The Sony BDV-N5200 is a home cinema system with plenty of features to play with, including smart TV, 3D Blu-ray and even 4K playback. It's not the cheapest home cinema system on the market, so does it justify its price tag? We took it to our lab to find out.


0.1 Detail and contrast often separates professional interior paints design from amateur painting.
0.1.1 One of the major parts of interior paints design is personal taste.
Detail and contrast often separates professional interior paints design from amateur painting.
Interior paints design make a room look both cool and airy or warm and intimates. This subfield of interior design requires an in-depth knowledge of colors, tones, and how a shade affects a space. Yet even a beginner can exercise good interior paints design skills simply by understanding his or her own preferences and researching proper techniques.
One of the major parts of interior paints design is personal taste.
No matter how good a professional decorator thinks mustard yellow would look on the study walls, if the homeowner hates yellow, it is a bad choice. Pick up a few home decor or architectural designs to help refine ideas about what colors and combinations look good in different rooms. A person might love avocado green in the kitchen but hate it in a bedroom, or dream of an ocean blue bathroom but despise blue in the kitchen. If a person doesn't like the color of a room, they will probably want to spend less time in it.
Before tackling colors, it is important to examine the size, shape, contents, and function of the rooms to be painted. If a room is already spacious or relatively empty, a light color can make it appear blank and lifeless. If furnishings have pale, cool-toned fabrics, painting the room a warm color might make it feel confused. Interior paints design should promote harmony in the room by working with the available space and existing features.


text:
Q: Object.assign does not update my state (React) I have an app which has a few users. I would now like to be able to create a new user. So I have created this actionCreator:
export const createUser = (first, last) => {
    console.log("You are about to create user: XX ");
    return {
        type: 'USER_CREATE',
        first: first,
        last: last,
        payload: null
    }
};

I am dealing only with first & last names for now. The actionCreator gets its parameters from the container. There is a button which calls the actionCreator like so:
        <button onClick={() =>this.props.createUser(this.state.inputTextFirstName, this.state.inputTextLastName)}>Submit</button>

My UserReducer looks like this:
/*
 * The users reducer will always return an array of users no matter what
 * You need to return something, so if there are no users then just return an empty array
 * */
export default function (state = null, action) {

    if(state==null)
    {
        state = [
            {
                id: 1,
                first: "Bucky",
                last: "Roberts",
                age: 71,
                description: "Bucky is a React developer and YouTuber",
                thumbnail: "http://i.imgur.com/7yUvePI.jpg"
            },
            {
                id: 2,
                first: "Joby",
                last: "Wasilenko",
                age: 27,
                description: "Joby loves the Packers, cheese, and turtles.",
                thumbnail: "http://i.imgur.com/52xRlm8.png"
            },
            {
                id: 3,
                first: "Madison",
                last: "Williams",
                age: 24,
                description: "Madi likes her dog but it is really annoying.",
                thumbnail: "http://i.imgur.com/4EMtxHB.png"
            }
        ]
    }

    switch (action.type) {
        case 'USER_DELETED':
            return state.filter(user => user.id !== action.userIdToDelete);
        case 'USER_CREATE':
            console.log("Action first:" + action.first);
            console.log("Action last:" + action.last);
            Object.assign({}, state, {
                    id: 4,
                    first: action.first,
                    last: action.last,
                    age: 24,
                    description: "Some new Text",
                    thumbnail: "http://i.imgur.com/4EMtxHB.png"
                });
            return state;
    }

    return state;
}

Now I have a few questions.
1) Is this the proper way to do this, or am I writing bad code somewhere? Keep in mind that I am trying to use Redux here, I am not entirely sure though whether I am not sometimes falling back into React without Redux
2) Am I doing the state thing correctly? I initially used a tutorial and am now building upon that, but I am not sure why state seems to be an array:
state = [   <--- Does this mean that my state is an array?
                {
                    id: 1,
                    // and so on ...

I am very confused by this, since in other Tutorials state is just an object containing other smaller objects and its all done with parentheses { }
3) What would be the best way to create a new user. My Object.assign does not work, it does not update anything, and I am not sure where the mistake lies.
4) And, relatedly, how could I update one individual user or a property of one individual user?

A: As Flyer53 states you need to set the state to the return value of Object.assign() as this is designed to not mutate state it will not change the value of the state you're passing in.

*

*The code's fine; I'd tend to use just one property on the action in addition to its type, so have a property of (say) user that is an object containing all the user data (first name, last name etc).
I believe it's quite idiomatic to define a default state outside of the reducer and then set this as the default value for the state parameter in the reducer function:
export default function (state = initialState, action) {
For a brilliant introduction by its creator, see https://egghead.io/courses/getting-started-with-redux

*State can be any shape you like. As an application grows in complexity it will usually be represented as an object composed of different sections of data. So, for example, in your case in could be comprised of an array of users and, say, an 'order by' that could apply to some UI state):
{ users: [], orderBy: 'lastName' }

*If you carry on using an array of users as the state then you can use the ES6 spread operator to append the new user, for example:
newState = [ ...state, action.user ];
whereas if you move to using an object for state, the following would similarly append a user:
newState = Object.assign({}, state, { users: [ ...state.users, action.user ] };

*Finally, to update a single user you could just use map against the array of users as follows (this is obviously hardcoded, but you could match, say, on id and update the appropriate properties).
let modifiedUsers = state.users.map((user) => {
    if (user.id === 3) {
        user.name = user.name + '*';
    }
    return user;
});
let newState = Object.assign({}, state, { users: modifiedUsers });

A: There's maybe an easier way to log the state(users) in an object (not in an array as in your example code above) that works without Object.assign() which is supposed to work with objects, not arrays:

var state = {
  user1: {
   id: 1,
      first: "Bucky",
      last: "Roberts",
      age: 71,
      description: "Bucky is a React developer and YouTuber",
      thumbnail: "http://i.imgur.com/7yUvePI.jpg"
    }
};

state['user' + 2] = {
  id: 2,
  first: "Joby",
  last: "Wasilenko",
  age: 27,
  description: "Joby loves the Packers, cheese, and turtles.",
  thumbnail: "http://i.imgur.com/52xRlm8.png"
};

console.log(state);
console.log(state.user2);

Just an idea ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Anselm's and Plantinga's Ontological Argument:
Anselm defines God as "that which nothing greater can be conceived". This is his basic definition of God for the sake of his Ontological Argument. It's interesting that he would use this definition as it seems to go against the medieval mysticism of the incomprehensible nature of God. It appears that human reason is fully capable to understand what God is since he is "that which nothing greater can be conceived". Dionysius writes about the darkness in the mystery of the incomprehensibility of God. Anselm seems to take a stance that we can understand the nature of God. The Ontological Argument will argue this definition of God which presupposes comprehension of God. The Argument's premises and conclusion can be stated this way:
Premise 1: God is that "which nothing greater can be conceived".
Premise 2: The fool must admit that "that which nothing greater can be conceived" is conceivable.
Premise 3: If "that which nothing greater can be conceived" is conceivable, then it must exist outside the mind to be truly "That which nothing greater can be conceived".
Premise 4: "That which nothing greater can be conceived" is conceivable.
Premise 5: Therefore, "that which nothing greater can be conceived" exists outside the mind.
Premise 6: "That which nothing greater can be conceived" exists in reality.
Conclusion: Therefore, God exists.
Alvin Plantinga's version:
Anselm's ontological argument has been revised by Philosopher Alvin Plantinga. Instead of Anselm's definition of God, Plantinga defines God as the greatest conceivable being or a maximally great being. It's more helpful since being is implied instead of a thing. Being implies personhood, which deals with objections that may ask: "Why does "that which nothing greater can be conceived" be personal? Plantinga's argument will deal more with modal logic, which deals with possible worlds semantics. This does not mean multiple worlds or a multiverse. Rather deals with possibility and necessity of things. Model logic deals with how the world could have been and not been. We are contingent beings and could have failed to exist. Unicorns could exist in some possible world, but not all possible worlds. This is important to understand before this argument is laid out. Here is the argument in its logical form:
Premise 1: It is possible that a maximally great being exists.
Premise 2: If it is possible that a maximally great being exists, then a maximally great being exists in some possible world.
Premise 3: If a maximally great being exists in some possible world, then it exists in every possible world.
Premise 4: If a maximally great being exists in every possible world, then it exists in the actual world.
Premise 5: If a maximally great being exists in the actual world, then a maximally great being exists.
Conclusion: Therefore, a maximally great being exists.
This argument states that if it is even possible for a maximal great being to exist, then this being actually exists. For this argument to follow, a maximally great being must have possibility of existence, so the world could have been this way. However, to be maximally great, this being would have to exist in every possible world. This is true because this maximal great being could only be maximally great if this being exists in every possible world. This argument basically argues that to be maximally great, necessity must be part of this being's nature.
The principle of sufficient reason can be applied to this argument to help strengthen it. This principle states, that everything has an explanation for its existence, whether in the necessity of its own nature or something external. A maximally great being would not be contingent, but rather have the property of necessity. Necessity would imply that things with necessity have to exist in all possible worlds. Such as the laws of logic and truth itself. A maximally great being would have this in order to be maximally great. If there is a world in which this being could not exist, then it would not be maximally great. For this argument to be unsound, the objector would have to show that a maximally great being cannot exist in any possible world. To do this, they would have to show a logical contradiction in the idea of a maximally great being. Of course, the fool(non-believer) will have other objections.
Dealing with Objections:
Anselm did not receive as many criticisms in his day as Plantinga receives to this day. One of the main objections to Anselm's version was the assertion that it's possible to think of "that which nothing greater can be conceived" to not exist. Anselm simply replies that if this is the case, then it would not be "that which nothing greater can be conceived". This can seem a bit circular since there might be a world in which the greatest thing conceived only exists in the mind. This is why Plantiga's argument is better worded and employs model logic. A maximally great being would have to exist in every possible world to be maximally great.
Some objectors to Plantinga's argument give an argument from analogy. Couldn't there be a maximally great pizza? The answer is no because what would pertain to this pizza? Taste is subjective, so there's no real way to get a true standard by which you could determine for a pizza to be maximally great. Plus, pizza can be eaten and not exist in a possible world. This of course is just exercising the thoughts that come from this silly objection. Another objection is the mere assertion that there is a world in which a maximally great being doesn't exist. This of course is never demonstrated and is a mere assertion. As asserted before, to show this argument to be unsound, the objector would have to show a logical contradiction in the definition of a maximally great being.
A final, common objection to this argument is an epistemological one. Scientism is used to argue that science is the only real way to truth, so arguments from logic need empirical data to back up the premises. It can be simply asked, has scientism demonstrated scientifically why it should be accepted as the best epistemological methodology? The answer will be no, so the objection does not follow at this point.
For God to be "that which nothing greater can be conceived" he must be a maximally great being that exists in every possible world. Anselm was onto this and so is Plantinga with his argument. Anselm would say that to understand this being, we must first believe in order to understand. I would argue that since we do understand that God is a maximally great being, we should believe in order to understand him. The Ontological argument is one of many arguments in the cumulative case to show why we should have faith in God in order to understand him.
Anselm's Major Works: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B006L2XMBK/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1
Ontological Arguments Book: https://www.amazon.com/Ontological-Arguments-Classic-Philosophical-ebook/dp/B07GNJLV18/ref=sr_1_1?crid=13JV17YF6T1SJ&keywords=ontological+argument&qid=1555186229&s=digital-text&sprefix=Ontological+%2Cdigital-text%2C136&sr=1-1
The Fine-Tuning Argument for God's Existence
The Fine-Tuning Argument is the argument for God existence, that argues that the universe is designed for intelligent life by an intelligent designer. Fine-Tuning is a list of parameters that allows life to exist and have been set at very specific numbers. If these Fine-Tuned numbers were changed by a very small amount, then life could not exist. Fine-Tuning doesn't imply design, but rather the best explanation for these incomprehensible parameters for life is a designer.
Here's the form of the argument:
Premise One: The fine-tuning of the universe for intelligent life is due either to physical necessity, chance, or design.
Premise Two: It is not due to physical necessity or chance.
Premise Three: Therefore, it is due to design.
Fine-Tuning is established science and is virtually not challenged by main stream science. As Paul Davies (Physicist ASU) would say: "The entire universe is balanced on a knife-edge, and would be total chaos if any of the natural 'constants' were off even slightly." Where the disagreements arise, is the metaphysics and ontology of why the universe is Fined-Tuned for life. Chance and physical necessity are two of the three main options for why the universe in Fine-Tuned for life. Chance is highly improbable, if not impossible. To demonstrate this, lets discuss the fine tuning of the universe for intelligent life.
The fundamental laws of nature are Fined-Tuned for life ranging from the strong force, all the way to Earth's tilt relationship to the sun. The weak force, strong force, gravitational force, and electromagnetic force are all Fined-Tuned to allow atoms to form and many other phenomena to happen for intelligent life to exist. These are the four fundamental laws of nature, so keep that in mind. The type of galaxy the earth is in, is Fine-Tuned along with the area of the spiral galaxy we are in.
Here are some astounding fine-tuning parameters for the universe:
If the Cosmological Constant were altered by 1 to 10^90 then we would not be here.
The Cosmological Constant is the driving force of the expansion of the Universe, so if it were altered the universe would expand to fast, or collapse back in on itself, or not expand at all.
If gravity of the strong force strength for stars varied, then stars would burn up, implode, of lose mass:
If stronger by 1 in 10^34, stars burn out too fast for life.
If stronger by 1 in 10^36, stars implode.
If weaker by 1 in 10^36, stars lose mass to radiative pressure.
The ratio of electrons to protons must be Fine-Tuned.
If altered by 1 in 10^37, then galaxies, stars, and planets would not have formed.
As we know, without galaxies, stars, and planets, no life can exist.
The ratio of electromagnetic force to gravity must be Fine-Tuned as well.
If altered by 1 in 10^40, then the mass of stars would change altering the course of the universe to have no life in it. The change in mass of star would affect elements that are essential to intelligent life to exist.
The initial expansion rate of the universe of the early universe must be Fine-Tuned for intelligent life to exist.
If altered by 1 in 10^55, then the universe would either expand to rapidly or would collapse back in on itself. Some may try and explain this away with inflation, but Paul Steinhardt documents would have suggested that even inflation would need to be Fined-Tuned.
This sounds like the cosmological constant, but it is not. The cosmological constant also needs to be Fine-Tuned for the expansion rate to even happen. With both of these mind, the probability of our existence becomes even more unlikely.
These are just five examples of fine-tuning parameters that need to happen for intelligent life to even have a chance at existence. There are even more of these parameters set at 10^37 or higher for matter, chemistry, galaxies, stars, or planets to exist. After we have these, then it's even possible for life to form naturally. All these parameters are set in the universe all at the same time to have a functioning universe. Galaxies and planets have to be Fine-Tuned for intelligent life to exist as well.
The three types of galaxies are elliptical, irregular, and spiral galaxies. Both elliptical and irregular galaxies cannot support life as we know. Elliptical galaxies lack heavy elements that are needed for life to exist. Irregular galaxies contain to many supernovas (Stars blowing up) for life to exist in them. Spiral galaxies are the only galaxies that can support life, but even then we have to exist in the right spot in the milky way to exist. Mainly due to black holes and radiation in spiral galaxies. Our solar system just happens to exist in the right spiral galaxy at the right time.
Earth is even Fined-Tuned for life in relation to its solar system. If Jupitar wasn't in the right place, then Earth would be bombarded with meteors. The tilt of the Earth's axis is just right to the position of the Sun. Earth's moon is just the right size for gravitation force of our planet. Earth's atmosphere is just right as well concerning the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen. There are many more constants that allow for the Earth to exist as well that are Fine-Tuned.
Chance is the most irrational view one could take to try and explain the fine tuning of the universe for intelligent life to exist. To infer chance would be like the scene from Dumb and Dumber, when Lloyd Christmas asks Mary whether he has a chance with her. Mary responds by saying that there's a 1 in 1,000,000 chance of them getting together, Lloyd response's: so your telling me there's a chance!
Imagine a 1 in 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 over 30 times. Some of the constants are set way above 10^37. One analogy to show this improbability goes like: if you shot a bullet across the universe and hit a target dead center, then this just shows the improbability of 1^37. As we know, there was no chance between Lloyd and Mary. The fine tuning of the universe is not due to chance, so what about physical necessity?
Physical necessity says that it's impossible for the constants to be different. As we know, this is not true. It's more reasonable than chance, but doesn't has much explanatory power. Leibniz's contingency argument shows that the universe could have failed to exist and could have existed in a different fashion. Plus, the fine tuning is independent of the laws of nature. Also, the laws of nature are Fined-Tuned as well. The amount of atoms could have been different, altering the amount of stars, galaxies, and planets that would actually exist. Simulations show that the universe could have been different and is not restricted to this type of universe. The universe could only be physically necessarily by a designer anyway. Mainly due to the fact the design best account for the fine-tuning parameters of the universe. The type of universe could only exist by an intelligent designer based on all the Fined-Tuned constants of the universe. The universe is contingent because is began to exist and the elementary particles could have been different leaving physical necessity not a viable option for the fine tuning of the universe.
Therefore, the fine tuning of life is due to design. The designer would be described as immaterial, timeless, space less, and powerful based on the Kalam Cosmological argument. With the Fine-Tuning Argument, we have a personal and intelligent designer because it designed the universe for intelligent life to exist. Objections to this argument will be dwelt with in my future article, "Dealing with the Top Ten Objections to the Fine Tuning Argument." As of now, it's reasonable to infer an intelligent designer is behind the fine tuning of the universe.
•https://crossexamined.org/universe-fine-tuned-life-evidence-god/
•https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.4647
•http://crossexamined.org/the-argument-from-cosmic-fine-tuning/
•https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/fine-tuning-argument
•http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/designun.html
•http://kgov.com/fine-tuning-of-the-universe
•http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/quotes.html
•Great Books:
•God's Crime Scene
•On Guard
•Reasonable Faith
•The Creator and the Cosmos
•Improbable Planet
TAG Argument for the Existence of God
Author: https://www.instagram.com/christian__apologetics/
Logic is the science of valid inference. Laws of logic are not just descriptive as to the physical world, but are prescriptive as to rationality. They prescribe the right way to think. They are of the mind and apply conceptually, immaterial as it were, to truth statements.
For example, the law of non-contradiction is not just perceptively true—it is true.
Laws of physics don't impose themselves on our minds like this. The law of gravity doesn't tell us what to think; not how to think, the right way to think or how to come to truth statements by inductive, deductive, or abductive (e.g., scientific method) reasoning.
All conceptual laws reflect the mind of a lawgiver. We see this in societal laws. They reflect the mind of those who created the law. The only reasonable explanation for the kind of mind necessary to ground the existence of transcendent, absolute, and conceptual laws like logic is God, via syllogism.
Its true God upholds the world in a logical fashion, but laws of logic as we know them are conceptual, existing only in our minds. If laws of logic are simply properties of our brain ("how our brains work"), then why do we need laws of logic to correct how our brains works? If laws of logic simply are how our brains work, then we shouldn't need them to correct how our brains work. We should just think logically all the time, all things being equal of course. But negative. laws of logic actually prescribe to us "how to think" by guiding our thought processes.
Humans don't form laws of logic from observation (they are conceptual) or by convention (like which side of the road to drive on), we instead confirm pre-existing logical truths, which are absolute and universal, with our observations. As Astrophysicist Dr. Jason Lisle remarked: "Laws of logic are conceptual in nature." They do not describe aspects of the universe. Rather, they describe the correct chain of reasoning from premises to conclusions." Hence, logical absolutes are abstract entities because concepts are incorporeal; yet being semantic debunking Platonism.
Second, if laws of logic were descriptions of the physical universe, then we might expect different regions of the universe to have different laws of logic since different regions of the universe are described differently; but laws of logic apply everywhere. Third, we would have no way of knowing if laws of logic apply in the future as they have in the past, since no one has experienced the universe's future. After all, conditions in the universe are constantly changing. If laws of logic were descriptions of such conditions, then they would change as well." If laymen atheists believe they know the universe better than an astrophysicist who graduated with highest honors at a secular university and who is a biblical creationist, then that's their folly.
We don't govern logic. Logic governs us. It tells us how to think and applies conceptually to truth statements. It prescribes rational thought. Logical truths exist whether there is a human mind to recognize them or formulate them into axioms or not. They are definitely "of the mind" and so the only sound foundation for universal, immaterial, prescriptive laws of logic is the unembodied mind of God. The TAG is simply an ironclad proof for the existence of God.
More articles on the TAG argument on the existence of God:
https://carm.org/transcendental-argument
https://carm.org/answering-transcendental-argument-nonexistence-god
https://www.gotquestions.org/transcendental-argument.html
Dealing with the top ten objections to the Kalam/Cosmological Argument
In my studies of the Kalam Cosmological Argument, I've come across some interesting objections. Some of these objections are good objections and some are just held high among YouTube, atheist laymen. This article will deal with the good objections and a link will be given to Dr. Craig's response to the online YouTube objections. I'll give my opinions and refutations of ten good objections to the Kalam Cosmological Argument.
Objection #1: What if the Big Bang Theory is wrong?
Big Bang Cosmology is accepted among the majority of cosmologists, physicists, and other scientists that deal with these fields of science. If this theory is proven wrong, then we must remain neutral on whether the universe had a beginning or not. Until a future model of science proves the universe is eternal, then we must withhold judgment about the universe origins. The Laws of Thermodynamics is proven science and is understood as fact. These laws would still prove the beginning of the universe and so would the philosophical arguments.
Objection #2: Quantum Vacuums have shown that something can come from nothing.
Quantum Vacuums are described by Lawrence Krauss as vacuums of empty space that subatomic particles pop into existence without of a cause. These vacuums are described as nothing. This commits the fallacy of equivocation because it switches the definition of nothing. Nothing is not anything, but a Quantum Vacuum is something. A Quantum Vacuum is a sea of fluctuation of energy that pop these particles into existence. A Quantum Vacuum is not nothing in the philosophical sense, but in the scientific sense which are two complete different definitions of nothing.
Objection #3: The first premise doesn't apply to the universe, since time began at the Big Bang.
Time began at the universe, so A theory of time only applies to the universe. The first premise is everything that begins to exist has a cause. Either a material cause or a sufficient cause. Something cannot come from nothing because out of nothing, nothing comes. If you deny this, then you have a heavy burden of proof. Science lives by this rule and would be destroyed if something could come from nothing. Why doesn't a desk, a copy of myself, or anything else pop into existence out of nothing at any time. We just don't see this and it's reasonable to conclude that the same applies to the universe. If this rule doesn't apply to the universe, then why doesn't a universe pop into existence by nothing in our universe? God, an unchanging and timeless being which could solve this objection at the end of the day.
Objection #4: The singularity is infinite and eternal of just matter.
When we trace the expansion of the universe backwards, we find that there was a singular moment when there was no time, space, or matter. This right of the back shows that there could not be a singular point with an eternal and infinite amount of matter. Also, general relativity would show this to be false as well because it shows that time, matter, and space are relative. If one comes into existence, then they all have to. If space didn't exist, then where would matter be. If time didn't exist, then when would matter be. The Big Bang theory shows at least time coming into existence, so it follows that matter and space do as well.
Objection #5: It's a God of the Gaps argument.
Does this argument plug in God to explain something that we don't understand? Is the argument just one big appeal to ignorance? At first glance, this objection may seem reasonable, but under cross-examination it just falls apart. I would refer you to my article on the appeal to ignorance fallacy to explain what this fallacy is. I'll leave a link in this article. This is a philosophical argument that is not used to explain some sort of scientific phenomenon that we can't explain. Science that we understand is actually used to help reinforce the second premise, that the universe began to exist. In fact, we are using God to explain something that we do understand such as the fact that the universe had a beginning and that everything that begins to exist has a cause. You would have to refute these premises to accuse the argument of explaining something that we don't understand. Finally, if you claim that science will one day have an explanation, then you must state what the explanation is. Otherwise, you commit the appeal to ignorance fallacy because you are appealing to something that we don't know anything about. This would be a future naturalistic explanation to explain the origin of the universe. It would also beg the question because you assume there will be a naturalistic explanation. This sounds like blind faith to me.
Objection #6: Why does the Cause have to be God?
Time, matter, and space had a beginning so the cause cannot be contained of these three things. To say otherwise would be begging the question. The cause would have to be uncaused because we have to stop at a certain point because otherwise we are left with an infinite regress. It's not special pleading because atheists like David Hume have assumed that the universe had always existed. The cause would also be very powerful to be able to create a universe. This is what we mean by God, a timeless, space less, immaterial, powerful, uncaused, eternal being.
Objection #7: Why would the cause have to conscious/personal?
The wind causes a leaf to fall of a tree, so why would the cause not be an impersonal force like the wind. Would it not be special pleading to say the cause of the universe is a being of some sort. The person claiming this would be missing the point and would realize the special case. There are three reasons why the cause of the universe would have to be a mind. First, there are two main immaterial realities. Abstract objects like numbers or an unembodied mind. Minds have freewill capability and would be able to cause the universe. Abstract objects have no causing power, but an abstract mind like God could. Secondly, the cause would have to be a mind because if this cause was an unconscious object, then it's effect would be eternal as well. Think of water freezing. If the cause of water freezing was eternal, then it's effect like the cause would be eternal. A mind could make a choice and its effect would not be an eternal effect. Finally, the initial conditions set at the big bang are fine-tuned, such as the expansion rate of the universe after the big bang. This would imply rationality, which implies a type of mind. These are three main reasons for why the cause would be a mind.
Objection #8: Could the multiverse have caused our universe?
It's possible that that there's many universes that caused our universe, but it's just not reasonable to believe. First of all, there's no evidence for the multiverse at all. We also must remember that we could not access something physical like this because our universe is a closed system. It's more of a metaphysical, philosophical question than a scientific question because it can't be proved or disproved by the scientific method. Also, The Borde-Guth-Vilenkin theorem help shows that any universe expanding is finite in the past. Essentially, the whole show of the multiverse would need a beginning. It also seems to push the problem back even more because the second law of thermodynamics would still apply to these other universes. The multiverse is also an objection to the fine-tuning argument, so I'll give the rest of my critique of it in my future articles on the fine-tuning argument. At the end of the day, the multiverse is just highly speculative.
Objection #9: What about an oscillating universe model?
Even though it's not accepted by most cosmologists, it's still an objection that's possible. Has the universe been contracting and expanding for eternity? First, this claim needs to be proved and it has not meant its burden of proof. However, I will give my arguments against this model's existence. The second law of thermodynamics is highly understood and would refute this model. It would require more energy for the universe to expand and contract multiple times, so we would expect the universe to reach heat death eventually. Obviously, we are not in heat death. The philosophical arguments would help against this oscillating universe as well. This would have to be an infinite process, but we know we can't have an actually infinite number of events. This oscillating universe would leave us with an infinite regression that destroys science. Going with Occam's razor, it's more simply to infer the universe had a beginning. Finally, the most disastrous thing to this model is our current law of gravity. If the universe crunched back on itself, then it would not be able to expand again.
Objection #10: Who created God?
If everything needs a cause, then what caused God? Every time I present this argument to my atheist friends, they always ask this question. The first premise is everything that begins to exist has a cause. Unless you can prove that an uncaused thing like God had a beginning, then this is a nonsensical question. Asking this question leads to an infinite regress which again, would destroy science. This is also another objection to the fine-tuning argument, so the design aspect will be dealt with in future articles. Why couldn't the universe cause itself? The universe began to exist, so the cause must be something other than the universe. It would be like me saying that I gave birth to myself. It's simply nonsensical and a question begging statement. This question is the biggest strawman of all arguments against the existence of God.
These questions and objections are worth the discussion. The Kalam Cosmological argument is a logically valid argument in its syllogistic form and has sound premises. It has withstood its scrutiny and objections. Since it's a successful argument, we can infer that a theistic God is the cause of the universe. For extra resources, check out the links given below.
Kalam Cosmological Argument:
http://www.christiantruththroughapologetics.com/talk-apologetics-blog/category/arguments-for-gods-existence
Appeal to Ignorance Fallacy:
http://www.christiantruththroughapologetics.com/talk-apologetics-blog/logical-fallacy-2-ad-ignorantiam
Extra resources that deal with even more objections:
Dr. Craigs response to online laymen objections:
https://youtu.be/gtfVds8Kn4s
https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/royally-bad-objections-to-the-kalaam-cosmological-argument
https://www.reasonablefaith.org/media/reasonable-faith-podcast/more-objections-to-kalam/
http://crossexamined.org/11-objections-kalam-cosmological-argument/
http://www.thepoachedegg.net/the-poached-egg/2011/09/the-worst-objection-to-the-kalam-cosmological-argument.html
The Kalam Cosmological Argument Part 1
This argument is one of the first arguments for God's existence. It was constructed by Muslim Theologians to eliminate an eternal Universe. "The Universe was, is and always will be"- Carl Sagan. It this statement true? If this argument is successful in its premises than the conclusion logically follows to be true. It's a syllogism that is a deductive argument, so it's impossible for the conclusion to be false. It has 2 premises and a conclusion to the argument.
Premise #1: Everything that begins to exist has a cause.
Premise #2: The Universe began to exist.
Premise #3: Therefore, the Universe has a cause.
Premise one you would think would be uncontroversial. Many challenge this premise in many forms. I will deal with objections in part 2 of this argument. Now this asserts that anything that comes into being like a new person is born would have a cause. The cause would be the person's parent because we do not being born without parents. A new building made would be caused by engineer's, construction workers, and so on. Since things that come to be have a cause, it's more plausibly true than false that premise 1 is true.
Premise two seems to be the less controversial of the two premises which is strange. The beginning of the universe is scientific fact based on the based the scientific theory which is the Big Bang Theory. "Almost everyone now believes that the universe, and time itself, had a beginning at the Big Bang"-Stephen Hawking. "With the proof now in place, cosmologists can no longer hide behind the possibility of a past-eternal universe. There is now no escape, they have to face the problem of a cosmic beginning"- Alexander Vilenkin. "…astronomical evidence leads to a biblical view of the origin of the world…. the essential element in the astronomical and biblical accounts of Genesis is the same." (Jastrow, God and the Astronomers, 14.) "The best data we have (concerning the Big Bang) are exactly what I would have predicted had I had nothing to go on but the five books of Moses, the Psalms and the Bible as a whole"- Arno Penzias. "Certainly there was something that set it all off.... I can't think of a better theory of the origin of the universe to match Genesis"- Robert Wilson. "There is no doubt that a parallel exists between the big bang as an event and the Christian notion of creation from nothing"- George Smoot. These men are all respected men in their fields of physics and are not "creationist". I mean people who think the universe was created 6,000 to 10,000 years ago. Now what's the actually evidence for the beginning of the universe.
The second law of thermodynamics is the first piece of evidence which states" that the total entropy can only increase over time for an isolated system, meaning a system which neither energy nor matter can enter or leave". Meaning if the universe were eternal we would always have been in the universe's heat death. All energy would be used and unusable. We still have usable energy which I would assume so since I'm still alive and using energy. The universe is a closed system, so there's nowhere for our energy to go. The second piece of evidence is the expansion of the universe discovered by Edwin Hubble in 1929. This shows that the universe is finite in the past and is still getting bigger like a balloon. If it were to reverse than time itself would change and the universe would collapse on itself and never expand again. We can trace the points between space, time, and matter which eventually reach zero showing creation out of nothing. The Borde-Guth-Vilenkin theorem help shows that any universe expanding is finite in the past. The third piece of scientific evidence is the radiation afterglow which shows the remains of the massive expansion of Big Bang. This helps showing that matter, time, and space coming into being out of nothing and shows that the universe was created 13.7-14.5 billion years. This was discovered by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in 1965. This helps showing the first step of the universes formation as we have it today. The fourth piece of scientific evidence for the Big Bang are the great galaxies seeds. These show ripple effects in temperature which was predicated by the radiation afterglow help confirming the truth of Big Bang Cosmology. These were also necessary for galaxies to form hence the name great galaxy seeds. The fifth piece of scientific evidence would be Einstein theory of Generally relativity. It shows that space, time and matter are co-relative and are contingent upon each other for their existence. Also, shows that light is a constant even in a vacuum which helps show the age of stars and to help show the finite age of the past. These are five pieces of scientific evidences for the beginning of the universe.
There are two more pieces of evidences for the case of the beginning of the Universe. They are both philosophical arguments for the beginning of the universe. Not as strong as the scientific, but still good reinforces. The first one is if the universe were eternal there would not be a past or present. We are in the present now and change is still happening like universe expanding, changing of planets, second law of thermodynamics, and so on. A past eternal universe is contradictory because eternal is without past, present, or future. Eternal is rather timeless or changeless. The second philosophical argument is that we cannot have an infinite number of events in the real world. Take Herbert's Hotel which shows the ridiculousness of an actually infinite number of events. It's a hotel that has an infinite number of rooms, but also has infinite number of people in these rooms. Try and reconcile this, but wait it gets even more obscured. An infinite number of people want to check, so the clerk says don't worry we have infinite amount of rooms. The clerk moves guess 1 in room 1 to room 2 and so. He keeps moving one guess to the next room and continues these process because there's an infinite amount of rooms. The hotel should put a sign on front door saying all rooms are vacant, but we have plenty of rooms. With an actually infinite number of events we get contradictions and it's because how well we understand infinity from a mathematical perspective. These are the two main philosophical arguments Theologians have used before the scientific evidence.
Since both of these premises are more plausible than true we have a sound argument and also the argument is also valid because given that the premises truth it's impossible for the conclusion to be false. The conclusion logically follows from the truth of the premises and the conclusion is that the universe has a cause. Now the next question is: What is this cause? Well this cause would have to transcend space, time, and matter. Transcends means to be beyond and not contingent upon space, time, and matter. More as space, time, and matter being contingent upon the cause which would have to be spaceless, timeless, and immaterial. It would have to be an intelligent cause because it sets the right parameters for the fine-tuning of the universe for the initial conditions (expansion rate, etc.) Also for the temporal effect of the universe would have to be cause from a personal agent. For the universe with a temporal effect requires a persona agent to choose to bring a state of affairs into existence. The cause for the universe would have to be omnipotent to create the Universe. With all these qualities in place for the cause we have theistic God as a cause. This is part 1 of the Kalam Cosmological Argument, and Part 2 will deal with objections to this argument.
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http://www.reasonablefaith.org/in-defense-of-the-kalam-cosmological-argument
http://crossexamined.org/kalam-overview-defense-2/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CulBuMCLg0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYiuaTu-i7s&list=PL3gdeV4Rk9Ef6jhlYL-Pp1UwzvnL_kbqw
http://coldcasechristianity.com/2017/a-personal-god-is-the-best-explanation-for-the-beginning-of-the-universe/
http://coldcasechristianity.com/2015/how-the-origin-of-the-universe-points-to-the-existence-of-god-video/
http://study.com/academy/lesson/evidence-for-the-big-bang-theory-background-radiation-red-shift-and-expansion.html
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3gdeV4Rk9Ef6jhlYL-Pp1UwzvnL_kbqw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXCQelhKJ7A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z79FGmh50Xo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egY-JJRZl90
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pdlte6U6iNA&t=13s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vD6Ci0KK9DQ
http://www.reasonablefaith.org/media/what-is-the-kalam-cosmological-argument-bobby-conway
http://www.allaboutphilosophy.org/cosmological-argument.htm


This book introduces Python scripting for geographic information science (GIS) workflow optimization using ArcGIS. It builds essential programming skills for automating GIS analysis. Over 200 sample Python scripts and 175 classroom-tested exercises reinforce the learning objectives. Readers will learn to: • Write and run Python in the ArcGIS Python Window, the PythonWin IDE, and the PyScripter IDE • Work with Python syntax and data types • Call ArcToolbox tools, batch process GIS datasets, and manipulate map documents using the arcpy package • Read and modify proprietary and ASCII text GIS data • Parse HTML web pages and KML datasets • Create Web pages and fetch GIS data from Web sources. • Build user-interfaces with the native Python file dialog toolkit or the ArcGIS Script tools and PyToolboxes Python for ArcGIS is designed as a primary textbook for advanced-level students in GIS. Researchers, government specialists and professionals working in GIS will also find this book useful as a reference.
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text:
Una còpia de treball és una versió en brut d'una pel·lícula, utilitzada pel muntador de la mateixa durant el procés de muntatge. Generalment aquestes còpies contenen el so directe enregistrat durant el rodatge i  imatges d'arxiu o storyboards (animats o no) que omplen l'espai que després ocuparan plans d'efectes especials o seqüències que encara estan en producció.

Anomenada també workprint és la versió de treball d'una pel·lícula, utilitzada en les fases de muntatge i de postproducció. Com a versió no finalitzada, pot contenir so que haurà de tornar-se a registrar, Stock-shots que després seran reemplaçats, seqüències amb tests que permetin la inserció d'imatges animades i d'efectes especials digitals, etc.

Els workprints són de vegades copiats i posats a disposició i·llegalment a Internet, fins i tot mesos abans de l'estrena oficial del film. Un workprint de Hulk va ser difós dues setmanes abans la seva estrena al cinema mentre que una còpia de treball de Star Wars, episodi III: La Revenja de les Sith va estar disponible a Internet hores després de la sortida del film.

Referències

Tècniques de cinema