text:
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}

Fast blue optical transients (FBOTs) are recently discovered and mysterious transient emissions of peak magnitudes of $-16 \lesssim M_{\rm peak} \lesssim -23\,{\rm mag}$ and quite blue colors ($g - r \lesssim -0.2$), whose lightcurves usually rise and decline in a duration shorter than about 10\,days \citep[FBOTs; e.g.,][]{Drout2014,Inserra2019}. Two representative classes of models have been proposed in the literature to explain the FBOT emission, including the central engine models and the shock interaction models, instead of the traditional radioactive decay model for normal supernovae (SNe). Specifically, in the first class, the FBOT emission is produced by a low-mass ejecta mainly powered by a central engine, i.e., a rapidly rotating and highly magnetized neutron star \citep[NS; e.g.,][]{Drout2014,Yu2015,Pursiainen2018} or an accreting black hole \citep[e.g.,][]{Kashiyama2015}. A low-mass ejecta plus a newborn NS system could originate from SN explosions of ultra-stripped progenitor stars \citep[e.g.,][]{Tauris2013,Tauris2015,Tauris2017,Suwa2015,Hotokezaka2017,De2018,Sawada2022} including electron capture SNe \citep[e.g.,][]{Moriya2016,Mor2022}, accretion-induced collapses (AICs) of white dwarfs \citep[WD; e.g.,][]{Kasliwal2010,Brooks2017,Yu2015,Yu2019a,Lyutikov2022}, and even mergers of binary NSs, binary WDs or NS--WD binaries\footnote{WD AICs and binary NS or WD mergers can occur in active galactic nucleus accretion disks and also drive bright magnetar-powered explosions \citep{Zhu2021b,Zhu2021a}.} \citep[e.g.,][]{Yu2013,Yu2015,Yu2019b,Zenati2019}. The common feature of the second class of models is to attribute the FBOT emission to the breakout emission of an outwards propagating shock. The shock could be driven by an SN explosion \citep[e.g.,][]{Chevalier2011,Ginzburg2012,Drout2014,Rest2018,Fox2019,Leung2020,Xiang2021,Pellegrino2022} or by a jet choked in a dense stellar envelope and stellar wind \citep{ Gottlieb2022,Soker2022}.

Besides fitting the observational data of FBOTs specifically, a possible way to examine the different models of FBOTs is to compare them with other explosive phenomena statistically, including superluminous SNe (SLSNe),  broad-lined Type Ic SNe (SNe Ic-BL), and long-duration gamma-ray bursts (lGRBs). First of all, these explosive phenomena all show a preference for exclusively star-forming and low-metallicity host galaxies \citep{Drout2014,Lunnan2014,Kruhler2015,Perley2016,Wiseman2020}, which hints these phenomena could have some connections. Another common feature that needs to be emphasized is that most FBOTs, SLSNe, and fractional lGRB-associated SNe (lGRB-SNe) cannot be explained by the traditional radioactive power model \citep[e.g.,][]{Inserra2019,Liu2022}, which usually requires an ultra-high and even unacceptable-high mass of $^{56}$Ni. On the one hand, SLSNe, in particular, the hydrogen-poor ones are widely believed to harbor a rapidly spinning magnetar, which can power the SN explosion effectively by losing its rotational energy \citep[e.g.,][]{Wheeler2000,Kasen2010,Woosley2010,Piro2011,Inserra2013,Yu2017,Liu2017}. Even for the hydrogen-rich SLSNe that are powered by shock interaction, the kinetic energy of the SN ejecta could still be provided by such a magnetar engine. On the other hand, for lGRBs, although their central engines are usually suggested to be a hyper-accreting black hole \citep{Narayan2001,LiuT2018}, the existence of a long-lived magnetar engine has been widely supported by the observed afterglow flares and plateaus \citep{Dai1998,Zhang2001,Dai2006,Yu2010,Metzger2011,Lv2014}. Thus, it is believe that lGRB-SNe can also be influenced by such a mangetar engine \citep{Yu2017,Zhang2022}.
Following the above considerations, it is nature to suspect that most of FBOTs, SLSNe, and lGRBs could own a magnetar engine but of different parameters and a united origin model can exist among these phenomena \citep{Yu2017,Liu2022,Hu2023}. In practice, the magnetar engine model can indeed provide good fittings to the observational data of most FBOTs \citep{Yu2015,Hotokezaka2017,Rest2018,Margutti2019,Wang2019,Sawada2022,Liu2022}.

The different models of FBOTs can be further constrained and discriminated based on the properties of their circumstellar medium (CSM), which is highly related to the mass-loss history of the progenitors of the FBOTs. For example, in the shock interaction models, \cite{Xiang2021} and \cite{Pellegrino2022} found that the mass-loss rate of the progenitors should be up to $\sim 1\,M_{\odot}$\,yr$^{-1}$ in order to account for the rapidly evolving and luminous emission of some FBOTs. However, this result is inconsistent with the limits obtained from the radio observations of FBOTs. The radio emission due to the interaction of the explosive ejecta with the CSM can provide a stringent constraint on the density and density profile of the CSM \citep{Weiler2002}, which is therefore usually concerned in the studies of the explosive phenomena.
However, so far, successful multi-wavelength observations for FBOTs are still rare. Specifically, only five FBOTs (i.e., AT2018lug, AT2018cow, CSS161010, AT2020xnd, and AT2020mrf) have been detected in radio bands, the last four of which were
also detected in X-rays \citep{RiveraSandoval2018,Margutti2019,Ho2020,Coppejans2020,Bright2022,Yao2022}. The majority of known FBOTs have not been detected in the radio bands. This may in part be due to the fact that the best time for radio observation of most FBOTs had been missed since they were found from archival data. So, it is necessary to estimate when the radio observation should be performed after an FBOT emission and how much sensitivity is required for the telescope.

Very recently, in the framework of the magnetar engine model, \cite{Liu2022} have uncovered the statistical properties of the magnetar engines and the FBOT ejecta, which thus enabled us to further predict the possible distribution of the radio afterglow emission of the FBOTs. In the next section, we briefly describe the conventional model for calculating the radio emission and, with the parameters given by \cite{Liu2022}, present the dependence of the calculated light curves on the uncertain mass-loss rate of the progenitors. In Section \ref{Sec:Population simulation}, we generate a mock population of FBOTs based on a Monte Carlo approach and then evaluate the observational prospects of the FBOT radio emission with future telescopes such as Square Kilometer Array (SKA). Finally,
a summary and discussions are given in Section \ref{Sec:Discussions}.

\section{The model} \label{Sec:Model}
Radio emission following FBOTs is expected to arise from the shock interaction of the FBOT ejecta and its environmental material. The statistical results given by \cite{Liu2022} showed that the ejecta masses ($M_{\rm ej}$) of FBOTs and the initial spin period of the magnetars ($P_{\rm i}$) are anti-correlated with each other and, furthermore, this anti-correlation can naturally extend to the parameter regions of SLSNe, lGRBs, and SNe Ic-BL. Such a universal relation indicates that these different explosive phenomena could have a common origin. The most promising scenario is the core collapse of massive stars, which is supported by the spectroscopic observations of 22 FBOTs published in \cite{Ho2021-ZTF}. Furthermore, as inferred by the $P_{\rm i}-M_{\rm ej}$ relationship, the progenitor stars of these explosions are very likely to interact with a main-sequence star or a compact-object companion \citep{Fuller2022,Hu2023}, which can significantly influence the evolution of the angular momentum and the mass-loss of the progenitor stars. The envelope of the FBOT progenitors is very likely to be stripped drastically before the explosion and thus an intense wind-like environment can be produced.

\subsection{Shock dynamics}
Following the above consideration, on the one hand, as usual adoptions in SN calculations, we assume that the density profile of the FBOT ejecta can have a broken power-law form, with a shallow profile in the inner part and a steep profile in the outer part as \citep{Chevalier1989}

\begin{equation}
\rho_{\mathrm{ej}}(r, t)= \begin{cases}\zeta_{\rho}\left(\frac{M_{\mathrm{ej}}}{v_{\mathrm{tr}}^{3} t^{3}}\right)\left(\frac{r}{v_{\mathrm{tr}} t}\right)^{-\delta}, & v \leqslant v_{\mathrm{tr}} \\ \zeta_{\rho}\left(\frac{M_{\mathrm{ej}}}{v_{\mathrm{tr}}^{3} t^{3}}\right)\left(\frac{r}{v_{\mathrm{tr}} t}\right)^{-n}, & v \geqslant v_{\mathrm{tr}}\end{cases}
\end{equation}
where $M_{\rm ej}$ is the FBOT ejecta mass and the transition velocity is obtained from the density continuity condition at the interface of the two density profiles, which reads

\begin{equation}
v_{\mathrm{tr}}=\zeta_{v}\left(\frac{E_{\mathrm{K}}}{M_{\mathrm{ej}}}\right)^{1/2},
\end{equation}
where $E_{\mathrm{K}}$ is the kinetic energy of the ejecta. Under the magnetar mechanism, the kinetic energy of the ejecta would always be primarily derived from the spin-down energy of the magnetar which can be determined by magnetar initial spin period $P_{\rm i}$ \citep{Liu2022}. In our calculations,  the power-law indices are taken as $n=10$ and $\delta=1$, which are typical for core-collapse SNe \citep{Chevalier1989}. The values of the numerical coefficients $\zeta_\rho$ and $\zeta_v$ can be found in Equations (6) and (7) in \cite{Kasen2016}.
On the other hand, the CSM of the FBOTs is considered to have a wind-like density profile as\footnote{A realistic index could somewhat deviate from $-2$, which may lead to a relatively flatter or steeper light curve (e.g., a sharp drop off found from the late-time radio emission of AT2020xnd). It should further be noticed that the possible evolution of the micro-physical parameters can also influence the slope of light curves \citep[e.g., ][]{Bright2022}, which cannot be distinguished from the variation of the density profile. }

\begin{equation}
\rho_{\mathrm{CSM}}(r)=\frac{\dot{M}}{4 \pi v_{\text {wind }} r^{2}},
\end{equation}
where $\dot{M}$ is the mass-loss rate of the progenitor and $v_{\text {wind }}$ is the wind velocity.

After an FBOT explosion, the rapidly expanding ejecta would plow into the wind-like CSM to drive a long-lasting shock wave. The dynamical evolution of the ejecta-CSM interaction can be described analytically by the self-similar solution developed by \cite{Chevalier1982}. The radius of the shock has a power-law evolution with time as

\begin{equation}
R_{\mathrm{sh}}=R_{\mathrm{tr}}\left(\frac{t}{t_{\mathrm{tr}}}\right)^{\frac{n-3}{n-2}},~{\rm for~}t<t_{\rm tr},
\end{equation}
where $t_{\rm tr}$  is the characteristic timescale of shock dynamical evolution

\begin{equation}
t_{\mathrm{tr}}=\zeta_{\mathrm{tr}} \frac{M_{\mathrm{ej}}}{\dot{M}} \frac{v_{\mathrm{wind}}}{v_{\mathrm{tr}}} \simeq 1600\,E_{\mathrm{K}, 50}^{-0.5} M_{\mathrm{ej}, -1}^{1.5} \dot{M}_{-4}^{-1} v_{\mathrm{wind}, 8}\,\mathrm{\,days},
\end{equation}
where $E_{\mathrm{K}, 50}=E_{\rm{K}}/10^{50}$\,erg, $M_{\mathrm{ej}, -1}=M_{\rm ej}/0.1\,M_\odot$, $\dot{M}_{-4}=\dot{M}/10^{-4}\,M_{\odot}\,$yr$^{-1}$, $v_{\mathrm{wind}, 8}=v_{\mathrm{wind}} /10^{8}\,$cm\,s$^{-1}$,  and the characteristic radius $R_{\rm {th}}=t_{\rm tr} v_{\rm tr}$. The analytic solution of $R_{\rm sh}$ only holds until $t_{\rm tr}$ when the interacting region reaches down to the inner region ejecta. When $t > t_{\rm tr}$, the density profile of the ejecta follows $\rho_{\mathrm{ej}} \propto r^{-\delta}$, the asymptotic solution is derived by assuming that most of the ejecta is in the dense shell, which yields \citep{Moriya2013}

\begin{equation}
R_{\mathrm{sh}} \propto t^{1/2},~{\rm for~}t>t_{\rm tr}.
\end{equation}

The shock can serve to accelerate electrons to relativistic speeds and amplify the primordial environmental magnetic fields. Consequently, lasting radio emission would be generated through the synchrotron radiation of the relativistic electrons. As a phenomenological description for these micro-physics, we can estimate the energy densities of the electrons and magnetic fields by connecting them with the total energy density of the shocked material by fraction parameters $\varepsilon_{e}$ and $\varepsilon_{B}$ as

\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered}
U_{{e}}=\varepsilon_{{e}} \rho_{\mathrm{sh}} v_{\mathrm{sh}}^{2}, \\
U_{B}=\frac{B^{2}}{8 \pi}=\varepsilon_{B} \rho_{\mathrm{sh}} v_{\mathrm{sh}}^{2},
\end{gathered}
\end{equation}
where $\rho_{\mathrm{sh}}v_{\mathrm{sh}}^2$ represents the total post-shocked energy density, $v_{\mathrm{sh}}$ is the shock velocity, and $\rho_{\mathrm{sh}} \simeq 4 \rho_{\mathrm{CSM}}$ is the mass density of the shocked material  which is given by the Rankine-Hugoniot relations for a strong shock of an adiabatic index $\hat{\gamma}=5/3$.

The shock-accelerated electrons are assumed to distribute initially  as a power law with their kinetic energy as \citep{Bell1978,Blandford1978}

\begin{equation}
\frac{{d} N_{e}}{{~d} \gamma_{e}} \propto (\gamma_{e}-1)^{-p},~\gamma_{e} \geq \gamma_{\min }
\end{equation}
where the power-law index is taken to be $p=3$ which is usually inferred from the radio observation of SNe \citep{Chevalier2006,Maeda2013}.  The minimum Lorentz factor of the shock accelerated electrons reads as

\begin{equation}
\gamma_{\min }=\varepsilon_{{e}} \frac{p-2}{p-1} \frac{m_{{p}}}{2 m_{{e}}}\left(\frac{v_{\mathrm{sh}}^2}{c^2}\right)+1
\end{equation}
where $c$ is the speed of light, $m_{{p}}$ and $m_{{e}}$   are the proton and electron masses, respectively.
According to the distribution, most of the electrons are non-relativistic the number of relativistic electrons that can emit synchrotron radiation could be estimated by

\begin{equation}
N_{{e}, \mathrm{rel}} \simeq\left(\gamma_{\min }-1\right)^{p-1} \frac{M_{\mathrm{sw}}}{m_{{p}}},
\end{equation}
where $M_{\mathrm{sw}}$ is the mass of shocked material.

\subsection{Synchrotron radio emission}

The radiation loss could play an important role in the process and change the electrons distribution for $\gamma_{{e}}$ above the cooling Lorentz factor $\gamma_{\mathrm{c}}$, which is given by $\gamma_{\mathrm{c}}=6 \pi m_{{e}} c /\left(\sigma_{\mathrm{T}} B^{ 2} t\right)$, where $\sigma_{\mathrm{T}}$ is the Thomson cross-section. The radio spectra produced by synchrotron emission are determined by three characteristic frequencies, including (i) the peak frequency $\nu_{\mathrm{p}} \simeq  2e B /\left(\pi m_{{e}} c\right)$, which corresponds to $\gamma_{\rm e}\sim2$, (ii) the cooling frequency $\nu_{\mathrm{c}}=e B \gamma_{\mathrm{c}}^2 /\left(2 \pi m_{{e}} c\right)$, and (iii) the synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) frequency, which is given by \cite{Yu2019b}, i.e.,

\begin{equation}
\nu_{\mathrm{a}}=\left(\frac{5 e N_{{e}, \mathrm{rel}}}{128 \pi R_{\mathrm{sh}}^2 B} \right)^{2 /(p+4)} \nu_\mathrm{p},
\end{equation}
where $e$ is the electron charge.

For the range of model parameters we are most interested in, the relationship between the magnitudes of the three characteristic frequencies always satisfies $\nu_{\mathrm{p}}<\nu_{\mathrm{a}}<\nu_{\mathrm{c}}$. Therefore, the synchrotron luminosity emitted at a frequency $\nu$ can be formulated as

\begin{equation} \label{Eq:Lnu_syn}
L_\nu=N_{{e}, \mathrm{rel}}  P_{\max,\nu } \times \begin{cases}\left(\frac{\nu_{\mathrm{a}}}{\nu_{\mathrm{p}}}\right)^{-\frac{p-1}{2}}\left(\frac{\nu}{\nu_{\mathrm{a}}}\right)^{\frac{5}{2}}, & \nu_{\mathrm{p}}<\nu<\nu_{\mathrm{a}} ; \\ \left(\frac{\nu}{\nu_{\mathrm{p}}}\right)^{-\frac{p-1}{2}}, & \nu_{\mathrm{a}}<\nu<\nu_{\mathrm{c}} ; \\ \left(\frac{\nu_c}{\nu_{\mathrm{p}}}\right)^{-\frac{p-1}{2}}\left(\frac{\nu}{\nu_{\mathrm{c}}}\right)^{-\frac{p}{2}}, & \nu>\nu_{\mathrm{c}},\end{cases}
\end{equation}
where $P_{\max,\nu}$ is the peak specific synchrotron emission power of a single electron as

\begin{equation}
P_{\max,\nu }=\frac{m_{e} c^2 \sigma_\mathrm{T}}{3 e} B
\end{equation}
which is independent of the electron Lorentz factor $\gamma_{{e}}$.

In principle, the radio emission presented in Equation (\ref{Eq:Lnu_syn}) would further be suppressed by the free-free absorption (FFA) of the unshocked CSM by a suppression factor as $e^{-\tau_{\mathrm{FFA}, \nu}}$ \citep{Yadlapalli2022}. The optical depth of the FFA is given by

\begin{equation}
\tau_{\mathrm{FFA}, \nu}=\int_{R_{\mathrm{sh}}}^{\infty} \alpha_{\mathrm{FFA}, \nu} \mathrm{d} R
\end{equation}
with \citep{Rybicki1979}

\begin{equation}
\alpha_{\mathrm{FFA}, \nu}=0.018\,T^{-\frac{3}{2}} Z^2 n_i n_e \nu^{-2} g_{\mathrm{ff}} \mathrm{\,cm}^{-1},
\end{equation}
where $T=10^5$\,K is the temperature of the CSM \citep{Chevalier2006}, $Z$ is the charge of thermal ions, $g_{\mathrm{ff}}$ is the free-free gaunt factor, and $n_i$ and $n_e$ are the number densities of ions and electrons, respectively.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width = 1.0\linewidth,trim = 10 10 85 60, clip]{Mdots.pdf}
    \caption{Radio light curves at 3\,GHz with different CSM mass-loss rates $\dot{M}=10^{-6}-10^{-3}\,M_{\odot}$\,yr$^{-1}$, solid and dotted lines indicate that FFA effects are considered and not considered, respectively. 3\,GHz upper limits of FBOTs from VLASS are labeled by downward facing black triangles, the upper limits data are taken from \cite{Ho2021-ZTF}. }\label{fig:Mdots}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Radio light curves} \label{Sec:Results}

The most important implication of the radio emission is the constraint on the mass-loss rate of the FBOT progenitors. Thus, first of all, we investigate the dependence of the radio light curves on the parameter $\dot{M}$, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:Mdots}, where the value of $\dot{M}$  varies from $\dot{M}=10^{-6}-10^{-3}\,M_{\odot}\rm$\,yr$^{-1}$ and the other parameters are taken to be the fiducial values as $M_{\rm ej}=0.11\,M_{\odot}$, $P_{\rm{i}}=9.1{\rm{\,ms}}$, $\varepsilon_B=0.01$, $\varepsilon_{e}=0.1$, and  $v_{\rm wind}=1000$\,km\,s$^{-1}$. It is showed that the FFA can affect the early rising phase of the light curve only for mass-loss rates as high as $\sim10^{-3}\,M_{\odot}\rm$\,yr$^{-1}$. So, we ignore this effect in the following calculations, where only the peak of the light curves are concerned.

As shown in Figure \ref{fig:Mdots}, larger mass-loss rates result in longer rise times and higher peak luminosity of the radio emission. This result can be understood as follows.
The radio emission peaks when the synchrotron radiation shifts from optically thick to optically thin. This means that radio radiation peaks when the observed frequency $\nu$  and  the SSA  frequency $\nu_{\mathrm{a}}$ are equal. Combined with the dynamic evolution of shock waves, the peak time of radio radiation at frequency $\nu$  is obtained as follows

\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
t_{\text {peak},\nu}\simeq &  108 \text{\,days\,} E_{\mathrm{K}, 50}^{0.12} M_{\mathrm{ej}, -1}^{-0.086} \dot{M}_{-4}^{0.58} v_{\mathrm{wind}, 8}^{-0.58} \\
& \times \varepsilon_{B,-2}^{0.34} \varepsilon_{e,-1}^{0.27} \nu_{ 9}^{-0.96},\label{tpeak}
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
where $\varepsilon_{e,-1}=\varepsilon_{e}/0.1$,  $\varepsilon_{B,-2}=\varepsilon_{B}/0.01$, and $\nu_{9}=\nu/1\,$GHz.
The corresponding peak luminosity of the emission is

\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
L_{\text {peak},\nu}\simeq  & 1.7 \times 10^{27} \operatorname{erg\,s}^{-1} \mathrm{\,Hz}^{-1} E_{\mathrm{K}, 50}^{1.14} M_{\mathrm{ej},-1}^{-0.82} \\
& \times \dot{M}_{-4}^{0.82} v_{\text {wind}, 8}^{-0.82} \varepsilon_{B,-2}^{0.52} \varepsilon_{e,-1}^{0.62} \nu_9^{0.33}.\label{Lpeak}
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
These expressions show $t_{\text{peak},\nu} \propto \dot{M}^{0.58}$ and $L_{\text{peak},\nu} \propto \dot{M}^{0.82}$, just as found from Figure \ref{fig:Mdots}. Furthermore, Equations (\ref{tpeak}) and  (\ref{Lpeak}) also indicate that the peak time is insensitive to the ejecta mass, whereas the luminosity is highly dependent on the ejecta mass. This means the radio emission of FBOTs would be mainly different from that of typical SNe in the luminosity rather than in the timescale, since the ejecta masses of FBOTs are much smaller than those of typical SNe \citep{Liu2022}.

In Figure \ref{fig:Mdots}, for comparison, we also present the 3 GHz upper limits of 18 FBOTs by the serendipitous observations of the Karl Jansky Very Large Array Sky Survey \citep[VLASS,][]{Lacy2020} from \cite{Ho2021-ZTF} and the upper limits of the flux $F_{\nu}$ at the range of $(109-175)\,\mu$Jy, which correspond to the luminosity upper limits  $L_\nu \sim(0.038-30) \times 10^{28}$\,erg\,s$^{-1}$\,Hz$^{-1}$. Comparing the observations with radio light curves, one  can translate the upper limits to constraints on the density of the CSM around the FBOTs. In some cases where radio upper limits lie above the optically thick locus of the model grid, they can not use to constrain the density of the CSM at all.

\begin{figure*}
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width = 0.8\linewidth,trim = 10 10 50 30, clip]{LpkTpk_dist.pdf}
    \caption{The 1-$\sigma$ region of the peak luminosity and peak time of the 8.4\,GHz radio emission of FBOTs, in comparison with the cases of other types of SNe \cite{Bietenholz2021}. Five detected radio-loud FBOTs are labeled. }\label{fig:LpkTpk}
\end{figure*}

\section{Population simulation} \label{Sec:Population simulation}
\subsection{Method}
Here, for a prospect of the radio observation for FBOTs, we simulate $10,000$ FBOT samples by using a Monte Carlo approach, where each sample is described by a set of parameters $(M_{\rm ej}, P_{\rm{i}}, \varepsilon_e, \varepsilon_B, \dot{M}, v_{\mathrm{wind}}, z)$. Among these parameters, the value ranges of $P_{\rm{i}}$ and $M_{\rm ej}$ have been inferred from the FBOT light curve fittings \citep{Liu2022}, which are $M_{\rm{ej}}=0.11^{+0.22}_{-0.09}\,M_\odot$ and $P_{\rm{i}}=9.1^{+9.3}_{-4.4}\,{\rm{ms}}$. For $M_{\rm{ej}}$ and $P_{\rm{i}}$, we use a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution for sampling. The values of $\varepsilon_B$ and $\varepsilon_e$ can affect the rise time and peak luminosity of the radio emission. We fix $\varepsilon_e=0.1$, which is usually consistent with the radio observations of typical SNe, and assume a log-flat distribution of $\varepsilon_B$ in the interval $[10^{-3},10^{-1}]$. The CSM parameters $\dot{M}$ and $v_{\mathrm{wind}}$ are strongly dependent on the properties of the FBOT's progenitors. For red supergiants, the wind speed has relatively low values as $v_{\rm wind}\sim 10-50$\,km\,s$^{-1}$ and the mass-loss rate is in the range of $\dot{M}\sim 10^{-6}-10^{-4}M_{\odot}$\,yr$^{-1}$. For blue supergiants and Wolf-Rayet stars, the mass-loss rate could be similar with those of red supergiants, but the wind speed can be as high as $v_{\rm wind}\sim 1000-3000$\,km\,s$^{-1}$. The mass-loss rate inferred from the modeling of SNe IIn can even reach an extremely high value of $10^{-3}-10^{-1}\,M_{\odot}$\,yr$^{-1}$. For a comprehensive introduction on the stellar mass-loss, please see the review by \cite{Smith2014}. \cite{Tauris2015} found that the maximum mass-loss rate of ultra-stripped helium stars in binary systems is close to $\sim 10^{-4}M_{\odot}$\,yr$^{-1}$.More recently, \cite{Wu2022} found that mass loss with rates of $\dot{M}\gtrsim10^{-4}\,M_\odot\,{\rm{yr}}^{-1}$ could last for $\sim10^{4}\,{\rm{yrs}}$ until core collapses of close-binary low-mass helium stars, while extreme mass loss $(\dot{M} \gtrsim 10^{-2} M_{\odot}\, \mathrm{yr}^{-1})$ could possibly occur beginning weeks to decades before SN explosions. The CSM interaction of such winds from ultra-stripped stars in binary systems is supposed to be very complicated. More detailed modeling should be
necessary to quantify more accurate late-stage mass transfer rates. Equation (\ref{Lpeak}) shows that the radio luminosity is dependent on $\dot{M}/v_{\rm wind}$ and thus the value of $\dot{M}$ and $v_{\mathrm{wind}}$ cannot be constrained separately by the radio observations. The value of $v_{\rm wind}$ has a large uncertainty, we take the typical escape velocity from a helium star, $v_{\rm wind}=1000$\,km\,s$^{-1}$  \citep{Nugis2000}   and take a log-flat distribution of $\dot{M}/M_{\odot}\rm{\,yr}^{-1}$ in the interval $[10^{-6},10^{-3}]$.

Additionally, in order to compare with the flux sensitivities of the radio telescopes, we need to assign a distance for the simulated samples so that their fluxes can be calculated. Here, we assume the FBOT event rate to trace the cosmic star formation history, which depends on the redshift as follows \citep{Yuksel2008}

\begin{equation}
f(z)\propto \left[(1+z)^{3.4 \eta}+\left(\frac{1+z}{5000}\right)^{-0.3 \eta}+\left(\frac{1+z}{9}\right)^{-3.5 \eta}\right]^{\frac{1}{\eta}},
\end{equation}
where $\eta=-10$. We sample a uniform distribution of $z$ between 0 and 1.

\subsection{Results}

The properties of the radio light curve at 8.4\,GHz of the different types SNe had been compiled by \cite{Bietenholz2021}, who found that different types of SNe can be characterized by different distributions of $t_{\rm {peak},\nu}$ and $L_{\rm {peak},\nu}$.  According to the 10,000 simulated samples, we find that the distributions of the peak time and luminosity of the 8.4\,GHz radio emission of FBOTs can be roughly described by log-normal functions within ranges of $t_{\rm {peak},\nu}=10^{2.12\pm0.63}$\,days and $L_{\rm {peak},\nu}=10^{28.73 \pm 0.83}$\,erg\,s$^{-1}$\,Hz$^{-1}$. This region is labeled in Figure \ref{fig:LpkTpk} by the orange contours, which is well consistent with the results of the radio-detected FBOTs including AT2018cow. The radio peak luminosities of FBOTs are much higher than those of SNe, while their peak times are briefly comparable. This result can also be understood by Equations (\ref{tpeak}) and (\ref{Lpeak}).

\begin{figure}
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width = 1.0\linewidth,trim = 10 10 70 20, clip]{FpkTpk_dist.pdf}
    \caption{Peak flux $F_{\rm{peak},\nu}$ vs. peak timescale $t_{\rm{peak},\nu}$ of the FBOT radio emission. The blue dots correspond to all simulated samples, and the red dots correspond to those events that are detectable in the optical bands by ZTF.}\label{fig:FpkDLs}
\end{figure}

To evaluate the detectability of radio emission from FBOTs, we take two typical radio sensitivities to represent the current and future capabilities of radio arrays: VLA with the detection threshold $F_{\rm lim}=75\,\mu$Jy and the phase I of SKA \citep[SKA1,][]{Braun2019} with  $F_{\rm lim}=10\,\mu$Jy at 1.5\,GHz.  In Figure \ref{fig:FpkDLs}, we present the 1.5\,GHz peak fluxes distribution with the peak times for our simulated samples. The blue dots represent our simulated samples, while the red dots indicate the events that can be detected by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF).

The distribution of peak flux  $F_{\rm{peak},\nu}$ at 1.5\,GHz and peak apparent magnitude in $g$ band $m_{{\rm peak},g}$  in our simulated samples are presented in Figure \ref{fig:FpkMpk-VLA}.  The different detection results of the joint ZTF-VLA observations are labeled by different color dots.  For the combined ZTF-VLA observations, only 8.72$\%$ of the samples have a chance of being detected simultaneously in optical and radio. Furthermore, for the joint observations of the Chinese Space Station Telescope \citep[CSST,][]{Zhan2011,Cao2018} and SKA1, this fraction can be increased to be about 23.9$\%$, see Figure \ref{fig:FpkMpk-SKA1}.
\begin{figure}
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width = 1.0\linewidth,trim = 10 10 80 10,clip]{FpkMpk_dist_VLA.pdf}
    \caption{Peak flux in 1.5 GHz $F_{\rm{peak},\nu}$ versus peak apparent magnitude in $g$ band $m_{\rm{peak},g}$. The different detection results of the joint ZTF-VLA observations are labeled by different color dots.}\label{fig:FpkMpk-VLA}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
    \centering
	\includegraphics[width = 1.0\linewidth,trim = 10 10 80 10,clip]{FpkMpk_dist_SKA.pdf}
    \caption{ Same as Figure \ref{fig:FpkMpk-VLA}, but for the joint CSST-SKA1 observation. }\label{fig:FpkMpk-SKA1}
\end{figure}

\section{Summary and discussions} \label{Sec:Discussions}

FBOTs are linked to the explosion of ultra-stripped stars with a very small ejecta mass. The mass-loss histories of the progenitors can be inferred from the constraints on the CSM, which can be obtained by observing the synchrotron radio emission due to the interaction between the ejecta and CSM. Based on these FBOT population results obtained by \cite{Liu2022}, we investigate the prospects of detecting radio emissions from FBOTs. We use a Monte Carlo approach to simulate  $10,000$ radio light curves of FBOTs.  It is found that the distribution of peak time and peak luminosity at 8.4\,GHz satisfy log-normal distributions, with $t_{\rm {peak},\nu}=10^{2.12\pm0.63}$\,days and  $L_{\rm {peak},\nu}=10^{28.73 \pm 0.83}$\,erg\,s$^{-1}$\,Hz$^{-1}$. Compared to radio emission from SNe, the peak luminosities of FBOTs are higher, while the peak timescales are comparable to that of SNe. For a joint observation of ZTF and VLA,  only 8.72$\%$ of the samples have a chance of being detected simultaneously in optical and radio. For the joint observation of CSST and SKA1, the fraction can be increased to 23.9$\%$.

In our calculations, spherical symmetry is assumed for both the ejecta and CSM.  In addition, we assume that the shocked accelerated electrons satisfy a non-thermal power law distribution with their kinetic energy. Recently, \cite{Margalit2021} and \cite{Ho2022} suggested that there is a significant population of electrons remaining in a thermal distribution (i.e., a relativistic Maxwellian) in FBOTs case. Future work may need to more carefully consider the effect of these factors on the FBOT's radio light curves.

This paper focuses on the characteristics of radio emission from FBOTs, while non-thermal X-ray observations of FBOTs can also provide important information. All four FBOTs that were detected in X-ray also detected their radio emissions. The late-time X-ray luminosities of AT2018cow and AT2020mrf are too bright to be an extension of the radio synchrotron spectrum.  Highly variable X-ray emission of FBOTs implicates a central engine, in the form of a compact object \citep{Margutti2019,Yao2022}. Follow-up observations of FBOTs at all wavelengths will likely allow us to obtain more insights into their nature.

Future larger samples or higher sensitivity searches would give meaningful constraints or lead to more detections of radio emission of FBOTs.  This will lead to a better understanding of the progenitors and energy source of FBOTs.

\acknowledgments
We thank the anonymous referee for useful comments, which helped improve this work.
We thank Aming Chen for his insightful comments and suggestions.
This work is supported by the National SKA Program of China (2020SKA0120300), the National Key R\&D Program of China (2021YFA0718500), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 11833003).

\clearpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Collyer Brothers Park
This is the former site of the row house once occupied by Homer and Langley Collyer, "the hermit hoarders of Harlem".
As told by Christopher Gray in the NY Times:
In the 1920's, Homer had a regular job in a title research office, but walked eight miles to and from the office every day. But by the [late 1930s], he was blind and almost paralyzed, cared for exclusively by Langley. . . .
On March 21, 1947, the police got an anonymous call saying that Homer Collyer was dead. The interior of 2078 Fifth Avenue was stuffed so high with papers and furniture that the police had to enter the house on the second floor by a ladder. They lowered Homer's body out the window in a sack. It appeared that he had died of hunger.
Langley Collyer had last been seen a few days before on the stoop of the building, but there was no sign of him now. Meanwhile, searchers began cleaning out the house. In the next few days they found the jawbone of a horse, a flier protesting the vote for women, unfinished knitting left by Mrs. Collyer, part of an auto chassis, pianos, furniture, papers and thousands of books, all while searching for Langley Collyer. By March 24, about 2,000 people had gathered at the corner of 128th and Fifth Avenue to watch.
There were 53 people at Homer Collyer's burial on April 1 at Cypress Hills Cemetery in Brooklyn -- but no sign of Langley. Then, on April 8, it turned out that Langley had died in the building. Police found his body, wedged to the floor by one of the many booby traps he had created. Bringing food to Homer by a tunnel through stacks of books and newspapers, he had triggered the fall of hundreds of pounds of debris that trapped and, apparently, suffocated him. The brothers died within a few feet of each other.
The story may have receded from public consciousness over the years, but, even today, "in New York City, and along much of the East Coast, a dwelling jammed rafter-high with junk is referred to by rescue personnel, with dismay and no small degree of respect, as a 'Collyers' Mansion.' As in, primary searches delayed because of Collyers' Mansion conditions."
Check out this Daily News gallery for a collection of historical images of the Collyer brothers and their house.
← Today's route — 11.7 miles
Carefree livin' →
You have to wonder how many times this story was replayed during the Great Recession. Thanks Matt for illuminating this story.
If they were alive today, they'd have their own reality show. It would combine Property Brothers with Hoarders. "The Hoarder Brothers."
I think what you are doing is amazing! I would love to give this a try someday. Can't wait to see more of your posts!
gordon satteson says:
Fascinating story!
Day 17: A Jewish Chinese auction?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Come spend the day with Idaho Springs, Empire, Georgetown and Silver Plume! Stroll through unique shops, art galleries, visit historic landmarks, tour museums, pan for gold, or experience a little adventure on Clear Creek's rapids, atv tours, train rides, adventure park, sky trek, or zipline!
Idaho Springs will be hosting an afternoon complete with live music and dancing in downtown at Citizens Park, delicious barbecue, and be sure to stay for fireworks over the Charlie Tayler Waterwheel!
Please note that Fireworks have been canceled due to fire danger and will be rescheduled for Small Business Saturday and the Annual Tree Lighting on November 24th – Thank you.
Also be sure to check out the Georgetown Loop Railroad schedule as train rides run from 10am until 3:50pm! Please contact the Georgetown Loop Railroad for reservations and additional information.
There will be an annual 4th of July Ice Cream Social from 2-4 pm at Dinger's Park and Pavilion on Main Street, across from the George Rowe Museum. There will be an assortment of baked goods, ice cream and beverages. Proceeds will benefit People for Silver Plume, Inc. and historic preservation.


Inspiring Bathroom Shelving Units Best Choice Of 610taqtq7ql. Sl1200 .jpg | Home Enterprise Design bathroom shelving units lowes. free standing bathroom shelving unitsbathroom shelving unit tall. 1bathroom shelving unit wall mounted.


Go to Holland before it's too late!!
AmsterdamIn earlier articles published on our website in the last few weeks, I advised CC's friends to visit Holland this summer to enjoy its cannabis shops, culture, ganja tourism cruises, hot babe beaches, and European charm.
Now, my travel encouragements have taken on an urgency that I would never have anticipated. If you want to enjoy the famous Dutch policy that allows marijuana coffee shops, you better go to Holland soon, because Dutch voters just elected a right-wing government that has vowed to shut down all marijuana coffee shops as quickly as possible.
Van Schaik today predicted that he might have to "go to the barricades" to defend the Dutch marijuana industry from 46-year-old Jan Peter Balkenende, the leader of the Christian Democrats party that will hold the most power in a new coalition government to be formed based on the results of voter choices. Balkenende is almost certain to become the Netherlands' new prime minister.
Balkenende is a geeky-looking guy whose policies include homophobia, anti-environmentalism, interfering in medical choices made by patients and doctors, and ending the long-standing Dutch policy that "tolerates" the sale of marijuana and hashish in licensed pot coffee shops.
The likely prime minister will gain power by building a coalition with an ultra-right political party, LIST, that received the second highest number of votes in recent elections.
LIST was led by Pim Fortuyn, a demagogue whose hardline stance against immigrants resembled the stance of Belgium fascist party Vlaams Blok.
Last year, Van Schaik and hundreds of his suppporters stood down Vlaams Blok when its members tried to intimidate pro-marijuana efforts that Van Schaik was carrying out in Belgium.
Pim Fortuyn did not live to see the election- he was recently assassinated. His assassination, and the terrorist bombings that took place in the US on September 11, apparently made some Dutch voters cast their vote for LIST, out of sympathy for Fortuyn, and because of rising Dutch hatred and fear of Holland's Muslim immigrant population.
Van Schaik hopes that the fact that Haarlem's mayor is an advocate of coffee shops, and that Haarlem's system of coffee shop regulation is a model for the rest of Holland, will protect his businesses and customers from persecution, at least for a while.
But a coffee shop owner in Amsterdam, who spoke under condition of anonymity, said that Amsterdam's 400 coffee shops, as well as coffee shops in other locales, might be closed within a year.
The coffee shop owner said that many marijuana industry leaders and others believe that the election outcome was engineered by the media and by the US.
A jubilant Balkenende bragged to journalists that one of his goals was to shut down the coffee shops, but he admitted that it might not happen overnight. Observers say that tne putative prime minister might not have it so easy- LIST reportedly supports a legalization-taxation scheme for marijuana, and other members of a likely right wing coalition also appear to be reluctant to kill the multi-billion dollar cash cow that is the Dutch marijuana industry. Even Balkenende agreed that it could take a few years before his goal of eliminating coffee shops is realized.


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Top 10 Best Coming-of-Age Movies
Coming-of-age movies are films that deal with the challenges of growing up and leaving one part of your life to join another. These films can involve children losing their innocence and discovering the real world, or young people learning what it means to be an adult. Many of the greatest films of all time deal with this subject. Due to the melancholy subject manner of growing up, many of these movies are comedy-dramas. Here are some of the greatest films that detail the struggles of growing older.
I don't know if this applies to other schools, but I've come across many people in my former high school that declared that they outright HATED The Breakfast Club. And I immediately thought to myself, "What? " I didn't think it was possible to downright hate this movie. It's a great film that makes the great statement that it even though you may come from different backgrounds and social cliques, everybody has their own personal issues and problems underneath their surface. It's a funny and yet compelling movie with relatable people that anyone who went to high school can identify with, and gives the great commentary that being a teenager and growing up is easy for NOBODY.
I might as well call this "List Where Phillysports Praises Inside Out #20". But in all seriousness, Inside Out masterfully tells a story of what is going on in a young girl's head when her family leaves her childhood home in order to start a new life in a big city. Its genius script details what it's like to be in a situation where you're unsure of yourself at a young age. It shows several aspects of growing up such as imaginary friends and how it's okay to let go of them in order to advance as a person. It's a movie that kids can relate with because they're the ones that are going through the process of growing up, and adults can relate with it because they knew what that whole process was like. I'm just gushing all over this movie again. It's my all time favorite for a reason.
Awesome movie
Out of all the movies that portray kids and childhood friends, I always think to Stand By Me as the most accurate depiction. Everything about this movie is 100% genuine. I hate how some movies portray kids as clean, innocent little angels. In this movie, kids swear, smoke, and get into trouble and it doesn't portray that as a bad thing. It's just giving an accurate portrayal of how childhood pals act. They all have flaws, they all have their issues, and the movie gloriously tells a story about these four friends going on a journey that welcomes them into their adolescence. It's a fantastic film that's funny, dramatic, and intense at the same time, and features some of the greatest child acting ever captured on film.
As someone who's going to be entering their first year of college, I have a sinking suspicion that I'm going to be going through the same exact crisis that Ben went through by the time I'm through with the whole university experience. Now, I'll guarantee you that I won't be having an affair with one of my neighbors, but Ben reflects all the uncertainty and aimlessness of someone who has no idea what to do with their life once they become an adult. Dustin Hoffman masterfully portrays the nervous and rattled demeanor of someone who is longing for some sort of purpose in their life. The beauty of the film is truly defined in the ending scene where Ben and Elaine stare blankly ahead at their future, not sure if they made the best or worst decision of their lives. And that perfectly sums up the uncertainty of life as a whole.
Rebel Without a Cause
There's a reason why James Dean is considered a legend despite having a film career of only five years. He encapsulated exactly what it felt to be a teenager in the 1950s, and even now to an extent. It touches upon many subjects like teenage angst and differences between generations. It was a classic then, and will continue to be a classic in the future.
If it wasn't for this movie, I don't think that teen movies would be a thing!
Before Big hit theatres, Tom Hanks was mostly known as a pure comedic actor. This was the film that launched Hanks career into more dramatic territory and gave him his first Oscar nomination. And for good reason. This is a movie that takes full advantage of its creative premise and takes a comedic and dramatic route with it. This could have just been an easy wacky 80s comedy, but the people behind the film were smart enough to realize that they could make a broad statement about childhood and growing up.
Similarly to Stand By Me, I really appreciate A Bronx Tale for portraying children and young adults in such a realistic manner. This was the first of two films that Robert De Niro directed in his career, and it really is a poignant story that delves into many subject manners such as childhood, race relations, the crime world, and first love. It's a gripping story about a young Italian-American boy growing up under two fathers figures: one being his biological father and the other being a powerful crime boss. One of the most important parts of the process of growing up is learning morality, and this film encapsulates that perfectly.
Fast Times tells many different stories about high schoolers and nails it with great accuracy. In high school movies, the small details are always important in order to create authenticity, and this film is able to do that throughout its whole running-time. Sean Penn's Spicoli is the slacker that should be nobody's role model, and yet he does all the things that we wish he could do. He's like a teenage version of The Dude. Overall, Fast Times is another great movie that came out during the best era of high school films.
Quentin Tarantino has said that Richard Linklater's 1991 comedy as one of his favorite movies of all time. To quote him, "The greatest hang-out movie ever made. One of the things about Dazed and Confused that is so terrific is that every time you watch it if you watch it every three years or four years, the characters are like your friends. It's like you're hanging out with them again, it's like your old friends." Can't argue with that.
Superbad is a movie that modernizes and updates the style of youth comedy that was prevalent in films of the 1970s and 1980s. You can tell that films like Animal House and Fast Times had a large impact on this movie. Superbad is one of the funniest movies to come out during the 2000s, and helped to launch the film careers of both Jonah Hill and Michael Cera. It's a great movie with relatable characters that will leave you laughing throughout the whole running time.
Not a big fan of Zac Efron but this film is acceptable. This movie was so inspirational that it makes me want to go back to the day I was born and have another chance at life. A great movie.
Love, Simon
This was (and still is) one of my favorites. I still enjoy it for an occasional watch
Top 10 Disney Villains We Liked Better than the Hero Best Movies of All Time Top Ten Greatest Actors Scariest Movies of All Time Top 10 Best Movie Series Greatest Film Directors of All Time Top Ten Saddest Movies Best Action Movies Ever Funniest Movies of All Time Best Sports Movies of All Time Best Disney Animated Movies Top 10 Biggest Problems with The Emoji Movie Top 10 Movies with a 0% Rotten Tomatoes Score Top Ten Best Things About Spider-Man: Homecoming Top Ten Characters from the Movie "Der Wixxer" Top Ten Scenes from "Kill Bill" Worst Cliches in Disney Movies


Tonkon Torp's Sustainability Committee sponsored SCRAP's "Rebel Craft Rumble" on October 16. The annual Rumble is a promotion and fundraiser for SCRAP in which pre-qualified competitors battle against one another for the title of Portland's Craft Master. Proceeds benefit SCRAP and its mission to promote recycling and reuse. Elizabeth Goodman, a SCRAP board member, organized the sponsorship and attended the event.


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Homekeyboard_arrow_rightGenreskeyboard_arrow_rightPop Rockkeyboard_arrow_rightVelvet Revolver – Contraband 2LP
Velvet Revolver – Contraband 2LP
Blind Melon – Blind Melon LP
Silverchair – Diorama LP
1. SUCKER TRAIN BLUES
2. DO IT FOR THE KIDS
3. BIG MACHINE
4. ILLEGAL I SONG
1. SPECTACLE
2. FALL TO PIECES
3. HEADSPACE
1. SUPERHUMAN
2. SET ME FREE
3. YOU GOT NO RIGHT
1. SLITHER
2. DIRTY LITTLE THING
3. LOVING THE ALIEN
4. BODIES
Contraband is the critically acclaimed debut studio album by American Hard Rock band Velvet Revolver, which was originally released in 2004. The super group consists of former Guns N' Roses members Slash, Duff McKagan, and Matt Sorum, alongside Dave Kushner formerly of punk band Wasted Youth and Stone Temple Pilots vocalist Scott Weiland.
Contraband debuted at number one on the American Billboard 200 chart and was certified double platinum by the RIAA. The commercial success was helped by the impact of the singles "Slither" and "Fall to Pieces", which both reached number one on the Mainstream Rock Chart and The album's third single "Dirty Little Thing" peaked at number eight on the Mainstream Rock chart. The band won a Grammy Award when "Slither" was nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance in 2005. The band toured extensively for 19 months in support of Contraband. They toured both the United States and Europe twice, while also performing in Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.
Originally released in 2004 and long out of print, the beautiful re-issue by Music On Vinyl in 2014 celebrates the album's 10 year anniversary.
180 gram audiophile vinyl
Gatefold sleeve
Printed innersleeves
Rory Gallagher – Fresh Evidence LP
'Fresh Evidence' is Rory Gallagher's eleventh and last studio album. The album was unusual in that Gallagher used more additional musicians and
Rory Gallagher – Stage Struck LP
Although this is the third live album from Rory Gallagher 'Stage Struck' proves that no live recording of Rory and his band
Shuggie Otis – Inspiration Information LP
This beautiful Shuggie Otis album went largely overlooked at the time of its release in 1974. Which is a shame, because it's
LEONARD COHEN – Live At The Isle Of Wight 1970 LP2
Johnny Cash At Folsom Prison 2LP
Bob Dylan – Love & Theft 2LP
SIDE A 1. TWEEDLE DEE & TWEEDLE DUM 2. MISSISSIPPI 3. SUMMER DAYS SIDE B 1. BYE AND BYE 3:16 2. LONESOME
Booker T & The MG's – Doin' Our Thing LP
1. I Can Dig It 2. Expressway (To Your Heart) 3. Doin' Our Thing 4. You Don't Love Me 5. Never My


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AME AWARD WINNERS
It's hard work judging awards but very inspiring too. Was lucky enough to be judging the AME AWARDS this year and saw a lot of cool work. Of course there was also a lot I'd already seen in previous festivals. Like a bad smell, the more successful projects hang around for a long time.
Here are some of my favorites from AME
AID COUTURE – Platinum award
"An average of 20 typhoons hit the Philippines every year, leaving thousands of casualties. Each year, the Philippine National Red Cross receives 18 tons of donated clothes. A good number of these are fashionable pieces that are not appropriate for everyday wear of calamity victims. In the aftermath of a typhoon, when the hot sun is up again, leather jackets and long gowns are of no practical use to the intended recipients of this donation. What they need are food and daily essentials that will help with their survival needs. Check out the video and see how Leo Burnett Manila convert fashion to food, water and medicine"
Jaguar British Villains – Platinum award
"How does an iconic yet misunderstood luxury car company reignite its mojo and win back the hearts and minds of US drivers? By casting its newest sports car as a Villain, of course. Jaguar's "British Villains" campaign played off the insight that the best Hollywood Villains are played by Brits, and introduced Jaguar as the newest British Villain. An integrated campaign touted the idea that it's #GoodToBeBad and encouraged audiences to embrace their dark sides"
Coca Cola Mini kiosk – Gold award
"To launch the new Coca-Cola mini can in Germany, we created the Coca-Cola mini kiosk. A fully functional, normal looking kiosk with vendor – just in mini version. Combined with a small Coke vending machine, it appeared spontaneously around different cities. The mini kiosk sold a series of miniature products, but first and foremost the 0.15L mini can".
Art of OLDTOWN – Gold award
"THE ART OF OLDTOWN As proprietors of the original white coffee recipe, OLDTOWN White Coffee took ownership of the one place no other white coffee brand could – Old Town in Ipoh, the birthplace of white coffee. A collaboration with street artist Ernest Zacharevic and the Ipoh tourism board saw OLDTOWN transform Ipoh Old Town with 7 unique murals. We turned art tourism into a medium, and spread our brand story with every piece of PR coverage and social media sharing. Best of all, we created permanent fixtures associated with OLDTOWN White Coffee that will live long beyond the campaign period".
Suntory 3D on the Rocks – Silver award
"Whisky is one of the most popular alcoholic drinks in the world. However, whisky fans are getting older as time passes, while younger generations see it as an out-of-date, boring drink. Our challenge was to attract younger drinkers and once again to create the golden age of whisky. We designed a service at the bar which users can enjoy whisky with ice cubes created in their desired shape with use of the state-of-the-art 3D technology. In addition, we designed a system that uploads ice cubes selected by users to the web gallery".
Google Maps Urban Escape Plan – Silver award
"Google Maps is known by the majority of Germans. Most people use the product to get from A to B, but they are not really aware of the fact that Google Maps can also help you explore new places near and far away. In order to make people re-discover Google Maps, we decided to focus on a unique proposition: inspiration as part of navigation. In Summer 2014, after a long winter, we set out to help German urbanites find what they really needed the most: a bit of green. But not any bit of green. A new bit of green. We wanted people to explore their environment and visit places, where they have never been before – nearby green treasures accessible within a short walk or bike-ride. That is why we created the "urban escape plan": The world's first hyper-localized, nationwide exploration campaign".
Congratulations to all the winners (which you can view here). This may not be Cannes but since this festival is about effectiveness it means that you are faced with a load of scam work that boosts the agency's ego but does nothing for their clients' sales. Looking through all the entries there are definitely some major trends. We are in an era of brand experiences now. I hear a lot of talk about "storytelling" but that seems like a bit simplistic and patronizing. People want meaningful experiences that change their attitudes towards a brand. Better still, engaging experiences that lead to purchase. After all, if our clients don't sell they won't pay us and we can't enter awards any more. That's the circle of life. Hakuna matata.
Tags [AME, Coca Cola, Google, Jaguar, Suntory]
Categories [Agencies, Brands, Creative, Technology]
AMCHAM Advertising After Party
Last night Nils Anderson, Y&R China's Chief Creative Officer, and I jointly presented at a special event hosted by the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai. We wanted to share the winning campaigns from global advertising festivals like Cannes Lions to business leaders in China. I thought it would be interesting to share my own part of the presentation here.
While Nils focused on the Film category and spoke in depth about the craft that goes into winning work, I covered many of the other categories. I began by talking about the dramatic changes the advertising business has gone through since the Mad Men era. Just look at the picture below to see how quickly mobile devices have become the main way to create and consume media. Both show the announcement of a new Pope just 8 years apart.
Yet even with such amazing developments in technology, it is ideas that win not techniques or (dare I say it) gimmicks. In my presentation I began with a look at the category of DIRECT which is all about targeted communication with a clearly identifiable call-to-action or response mechanism. It's all about having a measurable response.
This multi award-winning campaign from McCann Melbourne was based on real human insight. Take a serious message then make it fun and engaging. Make something that people want to share. Allow people to participate and own the campaign so the message gets magnified. The results speak for themselves. It didn't just connect with people but changed behavior and demonstrates where our industry is going – harnessing the power of digital & social to seed the message.
The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals teamed up with MINI Cooper to teach dogs how to operate a car, in the hopes that it will draw attention to the talented and adorable dogs that were up for adoption. It shows the power of talk value in a campaign in order to capture attention.
When the laughs died down I then went on to talk about winners in the Cannes Cyber Lions. Very few people use the term "cyber" these days. It's a throwback to the late 90s when the internet was still science fiction to many people. Now people talk about "digital" which is already sounding narrow and old fashioned. Maybe, after 5 years, I need to retire this blog if that's the case.
The internet and social media as radically changed the advertising industry as much as other industries like music. But rather than being its death it breathed new life into what we do. Look at any great campaign now and see how it harnesses the power of digital to connect with consumers in ways not possible only 15 years ago.
Oreo's 100th birthday mission was to help everyone around the world celebrate the child inside. Draft FCB's "Daily Twist" aimed to filter the world through the "playful imagination of Oreo." It went way beyond a simple print campaign as it was designed to spark conversation and sharing on social platforms. On Facebook alone the population of fans grew to 27.7 million!
When an Adidas store is closed can you still allow people passing by to buy your clothes? That was the questions answered by agency TBWA Helsinki. It really shows how broad the category is.
It has been a long time coming but mobile marketing is now a force to be reckoned with. Today almost everyone carries smartphones and in many countries they are the primary access point to the internet. Mobile opens up lots of amazing opportunities to connect with consumers to deliver timely and relevant messages or to provide utility.
People love free wifi so Ogilvy Paris came up with an award-winning idea for their client Mattel by offering win free Wi-Fi minutes in places where there isn't any. All you had to do was play Scrabble and your words became passwords to access the free Wi-Fi connection. You could stay connected as long as you are good at spelling words on Scrabble!
When everyone thinks of mobile they immediately think of high-end smartphones and sophisticated apps. But Philippines agency DM9 used a simple and low-tech solution to make a profound sustainable impact using the simplest phones. It shows how creative you can be with technology when it comes to solving problems
In the PROMO category it's all about targeted online communication with a clearly identifiable call-to-action or response mechanism.
Sometimes the product becomes the campaign especially when you do something innovative. Coca Cola in with Ogilvy Paris and Singapore developed a can with a difference. One you could share without sharing germs.
How do you get more people to become organ donors? Ogilvy and Mather Brazil took real patients on organ-transplant waiting lists and created films directed at fans of the Sport Club Recife soccer team—telling them their hearts will keep beating for the team, even after they are gone, if they sign up to be an organ donor.
Like award ceremonies themselves I kept the best until last with the Titanium category from Cannes. Sometimes ideas are too big and multi-dimensional to fit into a single category. That's why festivals like Cannes Lions created Titanium awards. The idea is everything, whether it's for a car or toothpaste, telecommunications or charity, big budget or low budget.
"The Beauty Inside" by Pereira & O'Dell, which won major awards in digital, film and branded content categories, was born out of a powerful brand truth—just like an Intel processor, it's what inside that counts. The campaign involved episodic films that followed the story of Alex, a man who wakes up looking like a different person every day. Apart from being "really social at its core" and "really beautiful" the smartest part was the integral role the brands played in the film. At Cannes it won grand prix in Cyber, Branded Content as well as Titanium.
Another Titanium winner came from Nike. When you are not sponsoring the Olympics how can your brand be heard? Nike tested the limits of the Olympic rules on ambush marketing with a global campaign by Wieden & Kennedy featuring everyday athletes and ordinary people enjoying sport in places around the world named London. Anybody could be their own champion no matter how great their achievement.
In fact, if there is one big trend recently in awards festivals it is the number of campaigns where brands are on a mission to do good. It's not just about changing the world but helping people have a better outlook on life, to treat others and themselves with respect. Brands that are seen to do good are more attractive to consumers. Many of the cases I shared at the event reflect this. One of the Titanium Gold winners epitomized this trend.
Real Beauty Sketches is beautifully simple idea from Ogilvy Brazil centered on the insight that women often see themselves as being unattractive when in fact they are prettier than they think. The result is emotionally powerful and helped spark meaningful online conversations.
A saw a few tearful people in the audience so decided that I couldn't leave them feeling down. I ended by demonstration that when a campaign is so successful you have to be prepared for one thing – to be parodied…
Tags [Adidas, AMCHAM, Cannes, Coca Cola, Dove, Intel, McCann, Mini, Nike, Ogilvy, Oreos, TBWA, Toshiba]
Welcome to Spikes Asia
I haven't been to Singapore in over 10 years. What a difference a decade makes. It's become like physical manifestation of the internet. Overblown, full of ways to spend money and geared for entertainment. Spikes Asia 2011, like every other advertising festival today, has digital on the brain. Every speaker and panelist says that the industry has dramatically changed. So how come the work submitted in the digital category was not hung on the wall with the other categories? Some things never change.
The first seminar off the block was brought to us by Coca Cola and crowdsourcing platform eYeka. The title – Is tomorrow's agency the consumer? With panelists from both Coke and eYeka along with agency folk from Draft FCB and BBH plus someone from Diageo there was a lot of debate. The featured project involved co-creation with the public for a Coke competition called "Energizing Refreshment". Some amazing figures were mentioned such as the 1.6 million submissions within China when Coke launched a previos crowdsourced campaign. The challenge was to sift through all of that to find the "diamonds in the shit" as one panelist put it. Would agencies become curators rather than being the sole producers of the creative ideas? The panelist from eYeka suggested that crowdsourcing accelerates innovation for brands. Co-creation questions the role of agency. The public now competes with agency creative departments. There are "millions of talented people out there" so why restrict yourself to an agency? Clients like Coke are looking for creative collectives rather than agencies where you might mix up "teenagers with professionals" as one speaker suggested. It was pointed out that the most popular Superbowl ad in 2011 was a $500 film created by a member of the public. It had "authenticity and simplicity". Co-creation is "not about changing advertising – it's about creating an environment where public gets involved with the brand". One panelist said that the role of agencies needs to change for co-creation – but can they? Many agencies "missed the boat with the internet revolution and are still trying to catch up". During question time I pointed out that the best work submitted in crowdsourced projects was most likely submitted by moonlighting agency creatives rather than the public. The speaker from eYeka admitted that a number of participants are from agencies but over 60% are non-professionals from the general public. Then they showed the winning entry for the "Energized Refreshment" competition… who just happens to be a motion graphics designer based in Brighton UK. Say no more.
Another interesting seminar was hosted by Yahoo and covered emerging markets such as Vietnam, Philippines and Indonesia where 6 out of 10 people that access the internet do so via mobile phones. There was a lot of discussion about the internet not being the same there than in other countries – especially the west. We should not try to impose a western way of thinking on these new markets. We need to bring "5000 years of experience and knowledge" to whatever we do with digital.
There followed an inspiring presentation from JWT about breeding creativity with cultural diversity. Shame all their links to sound and video failed as it was a thoughtful and well put together seminar. They began by showing how Picasso did not find his path until he saw an exhibition of African art while the architect Frank Lloyd Wright was highly influenced by Japanese design. Special guest Gilles Peterson is a DJ that has spent his career exploring the cultural exchanges that can make music so diverse. In his words, to be "truly creative you need to get out of your comfort zone".
Havana Cultura: Remixed // Gilles Peterson Bonus DJ Mix by gillespeterson
Matias Palm-Jensen, formerly of FarFar but now chief innovation officer at McCann, presented his pinball approach to advertising. The old way was more like bowling where you sent your ball down the alley hoping it will knock down as many pins as possible – then you turn your back and walk away. Now things are a lot more dynamic with assets, stories, formats, vehicles, destinations, conversations that then create more assets… and the ball keeps moving. Today every creative idea "needs a digital/social platform". Fascinating guy with a big job ahead of him at McCann.
This post is getting a bit long so I'll follow up with a second one featuring Microsoft Advertising, TBWA and Joel Cohen – one of the writers for the Simpsons who showed everyone how to make an entertaining presentation.
Tags [advertising, Coca Cola, eYeka, FARFAR, Gilles Peterson, JWT, McCann, Singapore, Spikes Asia, Yahoo]
Categories [Agencies, Brands, Creative, Media, People]
Week of Tweets #11
It's time to take a walk down memory lane again and see what's been most interesting in my Twitter feed in the past week (more like 3 weeks).
Here they come… RT @BBHLabs: Introducing BBH's Very First iPad App, for Cadillac – a new @BBHLabs post:http://j.mp/a5EwHr
Only a few weeks old now and the iPad continues to get a lot of attention. This is one of the first commercial apps for the device – a partnership between Cadillac and Cool Hunting.
Just can't get enough? RT @inspiredmag: 5 Things Depeche Mode Can Teach You About Effective Online Marketinghttp://bit.ly/bwf1Bm
Someone challenged Brian Clark of Copyblogger if he could write an article about online marketing using a pop-music-analogy,featuring Depeche Mode songs. The result is very clever.
Great collection… RT @loopdiloop: 30 Inspirational TED Talks on Design and Creativity http://ow.ly/1vuXg
It's great when someone puts together pages like these that gather together a collection of inspiring videos. Below is the one from novelist Amy Tan.
Don't wait for permission – RT @loopdiloop: The Delicate Art of Unauthorized Innovation http://ow.ly/1whuD
If you're on Twitter then it is definitely worth following Loopdiloop who always finds great articles… like this one.
Cool… RT @100ftzombie: Iron Man 2: Interactive Trailer!http://is.gd/bq6Xf Get inside this "Iron Man 2" trailer like
Forget your traditional movie trailer in a banner – this example shows how far you can take the format…
Great read. RT @inspiredmag: Change, digital transformation and social media: notes from Boulder Digital Workshttp://bit.ly/as1gSQ
It's great when you can feel part of amazing events around the world without even attending. But secretly I'd rather be there 🙁
Very cool! RT @baptistelimb: The Future Happens Now! When Coca Cola meets hollographic illusion: http://bit.ly/cyGqXG
I love it when digital and physical come together. Seen something similar at the Samsung boutique here in Amsterdam. But this is cooler.
I'll be there… RT @adland: Augmented Reality Flash mob in Amsterdam Saturday the 24th – join in.http://adland.tv/node/149972 via @Dabitch
Will have to find a way to convince my wife to come and see this happening but I hope to witness this first hand. Damn, just remembered that Layar does not work on iPhone 3G – just 3GS. Oh well, I'll be going along anyway.
Tags [Amy Tan, Augmented reality, BBH, Boulder Digital Works, Brian Clark, Cadillac, Coca Cola, Cool Hunting, Copyblogger, flash mob, hologram, instore display, iPad, Iron Man 2, Layar, TED]
Categories [Agencies, Brands, Creative, People, Technology]


For those who are counting: what was billed as the 50 billionth McDonald's hamburger was cooked yesterday at 12:10 P.M. in the Grand Hyatt Hotel.
It was eaten by Richard J. McDonald, one of the founders, who cooked burger No. 1 in San Bernardino, Calif., 36 years ago and therefore deserved it.


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Phil Kirkbride match verdict: Phil Jagielka silences doubts over leadership – Liverpool Echo
The issue of leadership has been a thorny one at Everton FC of late.
As the Blues waded through their worst run of league form for a decade they appeared to be failing their character test.
Too easily were Everton slumping to defeats. Too easily were too many players appearing to give up. And all too quickly.
But what had been a team problem quickly became a personal one.
Kevin Mirallas decided to usurp Leighton Baines as penalty taker against West Brom and his subsequent miss prompted an outpouring of rage.
Fingers were pointed at Mirallas, Roberto Martinez but then at Phil Jagielka.
As the conspiracy theorists said the penalty debacle was the latest sign of a fractured dressing room they began to question Jagielka's suitability to be captain of Everton.
But after having his abilities as a leader doubted Jagielka went to Crystal Palace and showed that he is still made of the right stuff.
The Blues needed their skipper to be strong, resilient and to ensure they had a rock solid centre after being such a soft touch of late.
Jagielka provided all of that and more.
He led a united front and, maybe, because Everton were in such desperate need of a win, the skipper's efforts felt colossal.
After the numbers were crunched we learnt that Jagielka won three quarters of his tackles, won four out of seven headers and made 16 clearances yet you left Selhurst Park feeling like he'd won everything.
It made you wonder whether his captaincy at Goodison is undervalued and whether the criticism has been undue.
Either way, Saturday was a timely reminder of his mettle.
Roberto Martinez recently spoke about Everton having to go "back to basics", well, this was an old school centre-half's performance from the captain.
The kind Jagielka relishes.
And the type Everton needed because a win was so desperately needed.
Beforehand, Martinez had said Palace were more than a team that lumped balls into the box but Everton were forced to deal with countless crosses.
The challenge Jagielka and the Blues backline will face against Liverpool this coming weekend will be different, of course.
They will have to deal with the pace of Raheem Sterling and the movement of Daniel Sturridge and less of the direct approach Palace took, but their performance was a confidence booster.
It wasn't always pretty but the Blues were effective and, bar a few opening wobbles, they always had them at arms length.
The closest the home side came was quickly after Romelu Lukaku had bundled the Blues in front.
Dwight Gayle nipped in ahead of Joel Robles but Jagielka was the last line of defence and hooked the ball away.
It set the tone for his and Everton's day. They were not to be denied.
By a matter of inches the ball stayed out but Everton have known all too well about the fine margins this season and how they have often fallen on the wrong side of them.
The skipper's salvage job felt a watershed moment. In the game and, maybe, in their season.
Confidence has been brittle of late and who knows what impact an immediate equaliser in front of a raucous Selhurst Park would've done for the Blues self-belief.
Now Everton are looking forward to the derby instead of fearing it.
Jagielka's heroics reminded some of the day Alan Stubbs did similar on the same ground over a decade ago to deny Andy Johnson.
Behind at the time, Everton went onto to win that game and, as one report said, it helped "lift the gloom" around Goodison. It turned out to be some season after that.
The lofty ambitions Martinez set out at the beginning of the season have been forced to be revised.
It has been the bottom three, and not the top four, that has been preoccupying Blues fans of late.
Everton haven't solved all of their problems with one win in south London but Saturday's victory at least offered relief and hope for the final third of the campaign.
The game also cemented the belief that Jagielka and John Stones are by far and away the Blues best centre-half pairing.
Debate continues to rage over Everton's best combinations elsewhere on the pitch but the answer is crystal clear at the back.
The alliance of Jagielka's experience and Stones' fearlessness and class works for the Blues. The brawn and brains, so to speak.
And in Stones, who was not far behind the standards set by Jagielka at Selhurst Park, they have a future captain of this club.
His critics say he needs to work on the basics of defending. He did little wrong at the weekend but Jagielka is the perfect mentor for that.
But as Stones continues to learn and grow, the same can be said of Jagielka.
This season has been one of searching questions and, at times, acute scrutiny.
He does not fit the prototype of a Martinez defender. Jagielka is not that smooth operator who is comfortable carrying the ball out from the back and delivering defensive splitting passes.
Stones fits that mould far more comfortably and his threaded through-ball for Steven Naismith was a thing of weighted beauty, but he too looks at his captain with admiration.
Saturday was a huge game for Everton and Jagielka delivered a performance fitting of the occasion.
He's proved himself a derby hero once already this season and after this performance Jagielka look in the mood to lead the way again.
Recommended article: Chomsky: We Are All – Fill in the Blank.
For more stories like this, delivered straight to your PC, please subscribe to the RSS feed or the daily insider newsletter. Click here to read football fan reviews of Everton home kit.
Lee Carsley: Everton FC revival on the cards after massive Crystal Palace result – Liverpool Echo Everton FC Transfer Window – the goalkeeping options open today to Roberto … – Liverpool Echo


This Myanmar classic tour designed to visit the wonderful uniqueness and main attractions of Myanmar's top holiday destinations in Yangon, Bagan, Mandalay, Pindaya Inle Lake. If you want a tour package to get an overview of Myanmar, land and peope, this Myanmar tour is the best choice.
Myanmar travel to a colourful patchwork of over 135 ethnic groups, each with a heritage of its own, a most enchanting and friendly people. A land of Golden Smiles awaits the travellers.
With most of the country virtually untouched by commercialised tourism, travellers jaded with fast- paced tours will be greatly refreshed by her splendid natural scenic beauty, quiet, easygoing and charming people, and the prevailing relaxed and accomodating atmosphere.
After breakfast, depart the hotel for flight to Heho on the Shan plateau. Upon arrival, transfer by road to Pindaya (60km) about 90 minutes drive. Make an excursion to the caves which houses over 8,000 Buddha Images of various sizes, made from teak, lacquer, marble, alabaster and cement. In the afternoon, explore the district for it's famous traditional paper & umbrella making home base cottage industry. Drive to Inle. Overnight Inle Lake.
We plan to spend the day visiting villages and. You will see the unique method locals use to row their boats, fishermen with their own style of fishing, floating farms and gardens. You will visit Phaungdawoo Pagoda which houses the five most revered Buddha Images in the southern Shan State. Continue our excursion by motorized boat to Indein pagoda complex, in the south-west of the lake. The boat leaves the lake and enters a narrow canal with a beautiful natural environment to continue to a small Pa O tribe village. From the village, follow an old covered path to a 13th century monastery and the very impressive ruins of hundreds of ancient pagodas, some hidden in the vegetation. The main stupa-area on the top of the hill offers breathtaking views over the surrounding mountains and down to the valley and the lake in the far distance. Return to your hotel and overnight at the hotel.
After breakfast at hotel, you will be transferred to Yangon International airport for your return international departure flight. Holidaytoindochina.com would like to thank you so much for your using our services. We wish you all the best and hope to arrange your next Myanmar holiday. Goodbye and see you again!
If you do not know how to plan your Myanmar tour and Indochina holiday, please read our FAQ's below to get some information or send us an email at info@holidaytoindochina.com and one of our experienced travel consultants will be ready and happy to answer your questions as well as organise your amazing holiday in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar and combination.
How to plan my Myanmar tour/Indochina holiday with you?
Actually, you do not have to send us all information, but the more we know, the better we plan your Myanmar tour.
2. After we receive your enquiry, one of our professional Myanmar travel consultants will reply and send you the suggested tour itinerary as soon as possible.
How to proceed to book Myanmar tour/Indochina holiday with you?
When you decide to book your Myanmar tour/Indochina holiday with us, please send us your full name (name on passport) for hotel and domestic flight reservations, and your international flight details (in and out) for airport transfers.
Note: Before coming, please make sure you have all travel documents such as; confirmed tour, invoice, flight tickets..., especially the visa to Myanmar and Indochina is done.
We suggest you make reservations at least one month before the departure date. If you decide to travel to Myanmar /Indochina from October to April which is peak season, we recommend that you make the reservations two months (at least one) before your departure date. Late reservations can not be guaranteed for the availability of domestic flights, hotel rooms, etc. However, we can accept urgent booking, just 1-2 days before arrival. Things are possible at Holiday to Indochina.
General cancellation charges that applied by travel services in Myanmar and Indochina.
Tourist visa: US$ 40, business visa: US$ 50, transit visa: US$ 20.
Where can I change our money into Myanmar currency (Burmese kyat)?
We advise you to stop in any Myanmar bank during the tour (Our tour guides will take you to the bank), you can exchange money at your hotel, but the exchange rate is a bit lower than the bank's exchange rate.
Can I use credit cards in Myanmar?
Note: If you are to travel to those small cities or remote rural areas, only cash (Burmese kyat) can be used.
When I finish my tour in Myanmar, if I still have some local money, what can I do?
Upon leaving Myanmar, if you still have some local money, you can change them back to foreign currency with your passport and the exchange memos given by the banks or money exchange counters. So please keep those exchange memos well whenever you change money.
Holiday to Indochina guarantees to offer the best means of transport during your holiday in Myanmar and Indochina. The safety, comfort and security of our customers come first. We use only the latest modern cars, vans, coaches and all our drivers are full time workers, government licensed in the tourism industry with at least 5 years driving experience.


In successful districts, the board and superintendent work as a team. There is a common goal to improve student achievement, with both sides working to keep the relationship positive and effective. When boards are seeking a superintendent who will fit their school district and whose professional skills are outstanding, it is prudent to secure outside assistance.
The Idaho School Boards Association (ISBA) is the place to turn for help when selecting a new superintendent. ISBA has skilled, experienced, and helpful staff dedicated to the principle of serving local boards.
We are in a position to make recommendations as to the professional work, skill level, and instructional leadership experience of those interested in applying for a superintendent position. Because every state has a school board association, and we belong to the National Association of Superintendent Searchers, we also have the capacity to conduct a full national search.
When a school district decides to use ISBA to lead the search process, it not only gets the skill and experience of the search team, it can also draw upon our other in-house resources such as legal advice, and research data related to the search.
For more information on the services offered, see our Brochure.
If you'd like further details on prices and how ISBA can help your district or charter school, please contact Misty Swanson.
Position Details: View Position Brochure HERE.
To Apply: Complete and submit the Application Form, Job Release Form, and submit additional documents as indicated on the Application Form.
The ISBA is assisting with this superintendent search. Please direct any questions or inquiries to Misty Swanson at the ISBA Office – [email protected] or (208) 854-1476.


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Alant a Beast Wars: Transformers című rajzfilmsorozat epizódjainak listája olvasható. Az eredeti címek és nevek vannak feltüntetve, mivel magyar szinkron nem készült a sorozathoz.

Epizódlista

Első évad: 1996-1997

Második évad: 1997-1998

Harmadik évad: 2000-2001

Egyebek

Kimaradt epizódok

A sorozathoz három további epizódot terveztek, de ezek egyike sem került filmre. A "Dark Glass" az egyik olyan eset, amelynek csak a forgatókönyve létezik. A történet a következőképpen szólt volna:

Rattrap és Rhinox felfedezi az eredeti Dinobot emlékeit a komputer adatbankjában. Rattrap elhatározza, hogy bejuttatja őket Dinobot II elméjébe, abban a reményben, hogy így visszanyeri régi barátját, Rhinox azonban figyelmezteti őt, hogy azzal a gonosz klón Szikrája még nem változna meg, és a Predakonok taktikai előnyhöz jutnának, ha a birtokukba kerülne Dinobot tudása. Ennek dacára Rattrap elhatározza magát, hogy véghez viszi a dolgot, és sikerrel is jár. Viszont Dinobot II két személyisége összeférhetetlen, és belső viszály kezdődik, mely azzal ér véget, hogy az eredeti Dinobot ismét "feláldozza magát". Dinobot II gonosz marad, Rattrap pedig beletörődik, hogy bajtársa halott.

A hivatalos források ellentmondanak arról, miért nem készült el az epizód. Egyesek szerint a Hasbro azért utasította vissza, mert túl komor volt, míg mások szerint egyszerűen nem volt benne elég akció. Majdnem egy évtizeddel később azt állították, az epizód a második évad történetébe illett volna, és nem a Hasbro, hanem maguk az írók utasították vissza a minősége miatt, továbbá a "Transmutate" című epizód készült el helyette.

Kevésbé ismert az "A Greater Ape" és a "Bitch Wars":

Az elsőben Optimus Primal egy fejsérülés okán igazi gorillának képzelte volna magát, s a vadonba szökve szerelmi viszonyba került volna egyik "fajtársával". Végül Megatron támadása révén visszanyerte volna az emlékezeteit, ám a gorillatársa elutasította volna őt. Az epizód nem készült el, mivel túl sok új CGI modellt igényelt.

Az érdekes korai címmel ellátott Bitch Wars ("Szukák háborúja") a sorozat két női szereplőjét, Black Arachnia-t és Airazor-t hozta volna össze. Az elképzelés szerint a két nő társult volna, hogy kilépjen a Bestiák Háborújából, de az epizód nem készült el, mivel az írók nem tudták, hogyan közelítsék meg a koncepciót.

Kimaradt jelenet

Egyetlen meganimált, ám a végső epizódból kihagyott jelenetről van tudomásunk. Az utolsó epizódban játszódott volna, s azt mutatta volna be, ahogy a Maximalok a foglyul ejtett Megatron második Szikráját visszahelyezik jogos tulajdonosába, az eredeti Megatronba. Azért nem került bele a végső anyagba, mert túlságosan megnövelte volna az epizód hosszát.

Források

Televíziós sorozatok epizódlistái
Epizod

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Mesa County Transportation Department in cooperation with Mesa County Noxious Weed & Pest Management will begin applying herbicides along roadways throughout Mesa County on Monday, March 20.
Roadside and right-of-way weed treatment (up to 10 feet on each side of the road) will be conducted countywide several times through September.
If property owners do not want herbicide sprayed along their property line, they can request to be added to the "No Spray" list. Those property owners will need to clearly mark their property lines with signs or bright flags and manage the weeds in and along that area themselves.
Please contact Mesa County Noxious Weed & Pest Management at (970) 255-7121 or weed.pest@mesacounty.us to be added to the "No Spray" list or for other weed identification and treatment questions.
For questions regarding the roadside vegetation mowing, please contact the Mesa County Transportation Department at (970) 244-1807.


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Home/About Us/Governance/Board of Directors
Board of Directorsgssi2019-11-08T15:56:57-08:00
BCPSEA operates under a co-governance model between the province's 60 public boards of education and the provincial government. Through the BCPSEA Bylaws, the Board of Directors is comprised of seven school trustee Directors elected by geographic region, and up to four Directors appointed by the provincial government.
Trustee Directors
Kootenay Boundary Region
Dawn Lang, School District No. 8 (Kootenay Lake)
Northern Interior Region
Sharel Warrington, School District 57 (Prince George)
Metro Region
Terry Allen, School District No. 36 (Surrey)
Fraser Valley Region
Shirley Wilson, School District No. 34 (Abbotsford)
Margaret Warcup, School District 82 (Coast Mountains)
Thompson Okanagan Region
Alan Chell, School District No. 19 (Revelstoke), BCPSEA Board Chair
Vancouver Island/Coastal Region
Eve Flynn, School District No. 69 (Qualicum)
Government Directors
Scott MacDonald, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Education
Christina Zacharuk, President and CEO, PSEC Secretariat
Michael Marchbank, Chair, Post-Secondary Employers' Association BCPSEA Board Vice Chair
Keith Godin, Assistant Deputy Minister, Ministry of Education


Congratulations! We are proud to announce that Valerie Ferry, CPA, our senior tax manager, recently passed all five parts of the QuickBooks Test and is now a QuickBooks Online Certified ProAdvisor.
Is 2014 the Year for Financial Planning?


Premature aging is a much commented topic nowadays and affects most people, but they don't seem to pay enough attention to it, when you have in mind that you can actually do something about it.
This issue affects not only the physical appearance of the person but also his overall health. Today, we can at least slow down the process in some ways.
Yet, we cannot do anything against the aging of our bodies from the inside. The only thing we can try is to change our lifestyles in such way so that we slow down the process.


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Canadian coach upset Bonner has not been granted citizenship
With the pre-Olympic qualifier set to begin next month on August 30 in Argentina, time is becoming more important day-by-day as teams are beginning the early stages of training camps and trying to get their entire roster intact.
Matt Bonner of the San Antonio Spurs is a player who wishes to play for the Canadian National team, but constant denial of Bonner's citizenship from the Canadian government has upset (lfpress.com) Canada's head coach Leo Rautins.
The fact Bonner, a former member of the Toronto Raptors and current forward with the San Antonio Spurs, has been unsuccessful in procuring his Canadian citizenship, despite getting the ball rolling back in 2008, upsets Rautins to no end.
"It's very frustrating," the head coach said on Tuesday, after a Team Canada practice at Ryerson University. "I see a lot of Canadians who are less Canadian than Matt Bonner. His daughter's Canadian. His wife's Canadian. His grandfather's Canadian. He's got a home here. When he's not playing for the San Antonio Spurs, he's here (in Toronto)."
The main stumbling block seems to be the fact that Bonner, a native of Concord, N.H., spends most of the year in the United States. But he has no choice. He plays for San Antonio.
Rautins and Bonner are optimistic that the government will see past the fact that he plays with the Spurs as his job and take notice that he wants to be a Canadian citizen. They hope he will be granted his citizenship before the the qualifier begins in Argentina.
If Bonner does get his citizenship, he could be the first to play with the Spurs' young draftee Cory Joseph.
We'll have to wait and see how everything plays out.
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Had a great bridal show at Ron Pearson HyVee Conference Center January 8, 2017. Here are some of the arrangements that were on display at my booth! It was so great to meet brides and speak with them about their upcoming wedding day!
Tall centerpiece arrangement with white calla lilies and white hydrangea.
Cymbidium orchid bridal bouquet with the fall colors of the orchids accented with curly willow throughout the bouquet.
A simple sweet flower girl wristlet corsage. Just tie it on and let her go!
Tall rustic elegant centerpiece yet adding the bling in with the crystal candle holders at the base of the free standing willow. Accented with Cymbidium orchids to bring the color to the table.
White roses and white Viking mums!
Bridal bouquet of white Hydrangea, white roses, White Viking Mums. Love it!
Small centerpiece with a lot of character! These Pincushion Protea will be the talk of the table.
Bridal bouquet of Pincushion Protea, blue Agapanthus, orange spray roses with yellow Billy Balls. Very Fun!


area rugs : Black Bonded Leather Contemporary Sofa Buff Faux Leather Club Chair Brown Coffee Table Natural Acacia Laminate Hardwood Flooring Movie Poster Frames Decorative. Vintage Theatre Style Living Room (Part 1). Marble Wall Planks. Bowl. Metal Tripod Floor Lamp.
By Al3xa. area rugs. At Wednesday, June 13th 2018, 21:00:01 PM.
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With the new way of scheduling this season, there are going to be more marquee football matchups at the Class 6A level, and that begins right away for West Salem.
The Titans, who made it to the OSAA state quarterfinals last season, will open the season on the road at 7 p.m. Friday against Lake Oswego.
The Lakers made it to the state semifinals last season, and Friday's game is a matchup of two teams with big goals in 2018.
CREAM OF THE CROP:Top 10 Salem-area high school football prospects for 2018
West Salem has talent coming back from last season, including quarterback/defensive back Simon Thompson, wide receiver/defensive back Anthony Gould, offensive lineman/linebacker Alex Hurlburt and wide receiver/linebacker Micah Pugh, all of whom are senior NCAA Division I prospects.
Here is a breakdown of the game:
TEAM RECORDS: West Salem (0-0 overall, 0-0 Mountain Valley Conference); Lake Oswego (0-0 overall, 0-0 Three Rivers League)
HEAD COACHES: West Salem — Shawn Stanley; Lake Oswego — Steve Coury
TIME/LOCATION: 7 p.m. Friday, at Lake Oswego
AT STAKE: With only four conference games this season, every game is crucial. The OSAA power rankings become even more important. Both teams made deep playoff runs last season, and both teams were eliminated from the postseason by eventual state runner-up South Medford, which beat West Salem in the quarterfinals and knocked off Lake Oswego in the semifinals. Stanley and his staff have been successful in recent years in preparing the Titans for their season opener, which they haven't lost since losing to South Medford in the first week of the 2012 season.
WHAT TO WATCH FOR: Thompson is in his first season as the starting quarterback for the Titans. Stanley is excited to see what Thompson can do given his speed, arm strength and athletic ability.
This week's Mid-Valley football games
West Salem at Lake Oswego, 7 p.m.
Liberty at Sprague, 7:15 p.m.
North Medford at McNary, 7 p.m.
Newberg at South Salem, 7 p.m.
Central at Silverton, 7 p.m.
West Albany at McKay, 7 p.m.
Dallas at South Albany, 7 p.m.
North Salem at Crescent Valley, 7 p.m.
Cascade at Cottage Grove, 7 p.m.
North Marion at Stayton, 7 p.m. (Thursday)
North Valley at Woodburn, 7 p.m. (Thursday)
Kennedy at Blanchet, 7 p.m.
Pleasant Hill at Salem Academy, 7 p.m.
Amity at St. Mary's, 7 p.m.
Dayton at Santiam Christian, 7 p.m.
Scio at Molalla, 7 p.m.
Willamina at Gaston, 7 p.m.
Portland Christian at Gervais, 7 p.m.
Santiam at Regis, 7 p.m.
Monroe at Sheridan, 7 p.m.
Corbett at Jefferson, 7 p.m.
Falls City vs. Hosanna Christian, 7:30 p.m.
Perrydale at Mapleton, 7 p.m. (Thursday)
Wallowa at St. Paul, 7 p.m.