I understand the financial requirements of $658,875 - $1,133,502 for this franchise opportunity, and I would like to have someone contact me with more information.
East Coast Wings started in 1995 when a small, individual wing restaurant concept in Winston-Salem, NC was opened. In 2001, two restaurant entrepreneurs with over 40 years of combined restaurant experience bought this individually owned store, then reworked and expanded upon the original East Coast Wings concept and menu to introduce a new and improved Buffalo-style restaurant that is known today as East Coast Wings & Grill.
These two entrepreneurs set out to change the stereotype of the traditional Buffalo-style wing restaurants in America that typically do not place importance on food and family atmosphere as much as beer sales and the bar scene. They created a warm and inviting décor and evolved East Coast Wings into a causal, full-service dining experience. By 2003, by popular demand, they began building the foundation of the East Coast Wings franchise system.
In 2007, to ensure that we stand out as not only 'America's Best Wings', but to also include the wide variety of fresh items offered on the menu in addition to wings, including chicken, beef and shrimp, which all allow customers to experience our unique flavor and heat combinations.
Great restaurants are never satisfied with the status quo. That's why we are constantly innovating, testing new menu items, and adding exciting new flavors to tickle our customers' taste buds.
In 2016, we revamped the food and drink menus with a new focus on craft style beer, offering more than 65 options from local, regional and national breweries.
Customers are finding East Coast Wings & Grill food to be irresistible, and are making multiple monthly visits. We've enjoyed 12 years of sane store sales growth, and are continuously receiving accolades for our famous wings.
At East Coast Wings & Grill, we believe in quality of growth over the quantity of growth. We believe that this strategy is best implemented by growing with partners that share our philosophy and core values. It is for these reasons that we are particular about awarding territories for development.
East Cost Wings & Grill has been recognized for franchising excellence by the likes of Entrepreneur, Inc., Franchise Business Review, and others!
Why East Coast Wings & Grill?
East Coast Wings & Grill gives franchisees the opportunity to be a part of growth and strategic expansion, while having the support and guidance of a franchise system in place already to give continued corporate support and the benefit of brand recognition through use of our trademarks, logos, proprietary information and recipes.
Our Area Development model offers the franchisee the option to purchase license rights for multiple locations at one time, under an Area Development Agreement for an exclusive, mutually agreed-upon territory.
*NOTE: East Coast Wings & Grill is currently NOT franchising in CA, HI, ND, SD, or WA.


text:
William Henry Silvester dit Martin Laroche ( – ) était un photographe anglais de la première heure qui travailla sur les calotypes et gagna un procès dans ce domaine contre William Henry Fox Talbot.

Biographie

Référence

Voir aussi

Article connexe
  Talbot contre Laroche

Liens externes

Photographe anglais
Photographe britannique du XIXe siècle
Pionnier de la photographie
Naissance en septembre 1814
Décès en novembre 1886
Décès à 72 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Dali Clocks: Time Dimensions of Hypermedia
by Stephanie Strickland
thread: webarts
Included in the Gathering: Editor's gathering for thread webarts
Stephanie Strickland investigates an epistemological shift in web-specific art and literature, from an understanding that is less about structure and more about resonance.
Salvador Dali's clocks aren't wrong or stopped or broken. Their active faces slide like pancake batter over edges of a bureau, bend and hang across branches. Adapted to the shape of every object they meet, these clocks announce that there is no standard time in Dalí's universe - nor, as Dali knew - in Einstein's.
In fact, Dali's clocks are not clocks at all, if we mean bookkeepers that measure unvarying flow. But then the human heart is not that kind of clock either; rather, it is a fractal tempo tracker that runs concurrently to the beat of several highly variable drummers. When that stops being true, when it runs to no beat, under atrial fibrillation; or if it collapses to one stereotypic periodic behavior, losing some of those long-range correlations that tie it to events thousands of beats into the future, then it is about to die of congestive heart failure.
Of the nine system-processes that characterize both life and knowledge in the 21st century - I refer to feedback, hierarchy, bounds, network interaction, scale, cycles, symmetries, evolution, and equilibrium - it is this last that does not characterize the Internet and does not characterize Web-specific literary works. If the last half of the 20th century fell under the spell of linguistics and genetics, I suggest that the spatial understanding of both, "genome as book," must give way to an understanding that is inherently dynamic, inextricably statistical, and informationally multimedial in its forms of analysis; an understanding that is less about structure and more about resonance, about the ongoing fitting of moving mind to moving world through moving medium.
My thesis is that Web-specific art and literature is where this understanding is being developed. I hope to demonstrate this with regard to works by several renowned Web artists, but to contextualize my discussion I need to explain scale and level. A sense of scale is key to understanding dynamics, the kind of scaling represented by conventional powers of ten, or some other repeated multiple, which is the basis of fractal pattern-persistence or self-similarity.
scale and level
If I look at the tracing of a heartbeat over a period of milliseconds, then seconds, minutes, hours, days, I discover that the pattern I see remains the same. Here, the concept of fractal shifts from self-similar structure in space to self-similar dynamics in time. What this means is that you can't tell what time-scale you are looking at when you see, or hear, these patterns. Yes, an average regularity, a pulse, can be established, but this measure smoothes and destroys the huge amount of information hidden in the micro-measures, in the fluctuations, the groove, the interbeat intervals.
A repeating fluctuation is very far from conventional ideas about good design and structure. At the time our ideas of scientific order were being developed, the gardens at Versailles and plane-perspective Renaissance paintings set a standard for European design. In these, it is precisely not the case that looking at one square inch yields the same appearance as looking at one square foot or acre. In fact, these works are designed to look as they "should" from precisely one focal or central point. In the case of focalized work, one can theoretically choose any point of view to look or read from, but the intent of the work is that only one point of view is most encompassing. The necessary movement that is involved in circulating around or in front of these works is implicitly negated, as so much dispensable trial and error on the way to the canonical prospect.
levels as evolutionary
The concept of level differs from that of scale in that level is evolutionary, not a simple multiple. Though physics consists of just those experiments you can re-run, enshrining an ideal of reversibility that permits control and prediction, the same is not true of geology or biology. The earth and life on it seem to have been run once. In them, mutations are irreversible. They are understood in terms of organized levels. From sub-atomic particles through biological macromolecules, cells, organs, individuals, societies, and ecologies, what is most important about these levels is that decisive time-based events - jumps between levels - reveal emergent properties, properties that cannot be predicted by, nor analyzed in terms of, the properties of the prior level, even though there is an unbroken line of inheritance from bottom to top, and even though there is always a part/whole relation between the levels. In the transition from any one of these levels to the next, not only is the whole greater than the sum of the parts, but the emerging qualities feed back on the parts and give them qualities they couldn't have if isolated. Electrons, for instance, indistinguishable at the particle level, become individually important at the atomic level under the Pauli exclusion principle. Individuals exhibit consciousness, a property equally unknown to organs and to societies, for not every trait gets inherited up this chain of levels. These are hierarchies of inclusion - inheritance meaning each is impossible without the other - but they are not hierarchies of merit.
scale, levels and Web-art
Bear in mind your own experiences of reading on the Web as I attempt to bring together the concept of level with that of scale. I suggest that readings of Web-art are evolutionary in form. From a mathematical perspective, in both biology and hypertext, an intractable number of histories is possible, but in fact only one choice gets made, in terms of what emerges. Which choice gets made depends on interactions between internal rules and completely unpredictable gradients in the external environment at that time. The pathway to the present thus makes all the difference. Frozen accidents create history and are the means by which we reveal it.
The Internet itself is a complex system with emergent levels. Because phone calls used for fax and Web access have statistical characteristics dramatically different from a typical voice call, as the phone system shifted from a voice to a data network it also shifted from a fully centralized, fully regulated system to one with fractal, or chaotic properties: the interbeat intervals of its interpacket spacing are as "bursty," or multifractal, as the heartbeat, and equally threatened with congestive failure.
Levels also relate to Web-art through the neurophysiology of time perception Paul Harris on neurobiology and electronic textuality in ebr10 From the edge of awareness through to speech, these levels are related to scales by the following numbers: one-thousandth of a second for neural firing, one-hundredth of a second for neuronal pattern formation, one-tenth of a second for vocal articulation or action, and more than three seconds for narrative description. Tools from dynamic systems help us understand how humans might develop time concepts based on this physiology, particularly the retrospective and prospective horizons involved with our sense of being in a "now." The basic event or fusion interval specifies the minimum time between events such that they can be perceived as distinct and not simultaneous. This time is different for each sensory modality. The modalities also interact with each other, and a lot of Web art explores these interactions through the use of micro-manipulated streaming sonic and cinematic effects.
The neuronal level relates to brain operation. Any mental act involves the concurrent participation of separated regions of the brain. The time needed to relate and integrate signals from these separate regions is called the relaxation or holding time, during which perceptual flashes are spread and organized by cell assemblies to create the synchronized firing we need in order to act, to move our mouse for instance. Again, from a mathematically intractable number of possibilities, many competing cell-assemblies, the interaction of external gradient and internal rules yields one particular "now," without the assistance of either an internal or external clock - synchronization occurring rather by resonance, by what Goethe would have called "elective affinities."
artists in the signal sea
From this point on in the cognizing process, on the scale of seconds forward, language does finally enter, and with it, all that descriptive narrative assessment entails. Thus the Web artist swims in many seas, fine-tuning neurocognitive and muscular response both to fluctuations in the signal propagation structure of the Net and to the emerging nuances of the way, on another level, Web traffic communicates a social environment. Web literature and art also exploit different aspects of the time-based human perception process, playing with the fusion interval limits, and -- because they require a large number of actions from their readers, clicks, mouseovers, drags and drops, shifts of a joystick, scans, zooms, probes of all kinds, maneuvers to be made within a certain time frame in some literary and all game environments - playing also with the synchronized neuronal patterns that must be mobilized for action.
A number of Web works also explicitly address questions of time, history, and memory, often using dynamic means, Web-streaming or telepresence, in order to do it. I believe they contribute, in particular, to enlarging the window of "now." They do this by offering our perception system new calisthenics, and they do it by bringing into consciousness many more of the microfluctuations and/or fractal patterns that had been smoothed over, averaged over, hidden by the older perception and knowledge processes.
The first artist I'd like to mention in this regard is Tom Brigham, the inventor of morphing. In "The Art of the Morph" (ArtByte October-November, 1998), Brigham explains that in a morph,
an image smoothly transforms...into another with a motion so slow as to be almost imperceptible. Yet, at precisely some specific increment, itself undetected, the content changes utterly and a different pictorial subject becomes comprehensible. (38)
That is to say, an emergent level is experienced. A morph is constituted from a series of discrete images, as a film is made of frames; but unlike cinematic cutting, morph technology allows for the separate interpolation of different attributes of the series, such as shape, color, texture, and motion. Brigham's work shifts the artist's emphasis from rendering impressions to rendering the process of forming an impression. The final morph, as it enacts before our eyes, relocates our perception from custom and routine to the plane of active recognition, the ah-ha recognition we bring to interpreting optical illusions. Brigham remarks,
A transformation that hesitates and hovers between two identities engages the mind in a special way...What lies between one face and another? A variety of faces. But what lies between a face and a chair? A tougher question with more answers, and a more difficult morph. (38)
Two other artists that work at the level of very fine transition, though in this case with verbal and not visual material, are the poets Jim Rosenberg and mez, or Mary Anne Breeze. Rosenberg works with the words of a standard vocabulary but overlays them in a dense blur of self-interfering micro-information which must be teased apart by moving the mouse through many nested component layers to open the simultaneities. Rosenberg is concerned with a temporal meaning that occurs as we move through what he calls an "episode," a set of interactive operations that cohere in the reader's mind as a unit, which is analogous to what I have called the neuronal pattern but on a more extended timescale. Mez, on the other hand, reaches into the very structure of the word, creating an entire para-language, called "m[ez]ang.elle," which is readable by readers of English, but only at the cost of a dramatically slowed reading speed. She organizes textual performances which she designates as e-mail trawling, hacker attacking, open source kode poetri, or electronic channeling. Though this work uses many of the devices of so-called L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poetry, William Gillespie on the attitude toward L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E fluid spacing, bracketing, and ambiguous punctuation to obtain a simultaneity of reference that tests fixed neuronal patterns, it also tests these, simultaneously, through choreographed and random kinetic oscillations of the Web environment, re-converting the process of reading to a process of action, perhaps somewhat akin to what oral cultures undertook when print first spread through them.
the impermanence of history
Noah Wardrip-Fruin's work, Impermanence Agent (http://www.impermanenceagent.com), addresses the sense of "now" in a different way. He pushes at the edges of awareness by explicitly incorporating peripheral attention into the act of reading. Impermanence Agent is not a site to be visited or clicked through; rather, it runs in tandem with the reader's Net browsing, in fact becoming the agent of that browsing as all requests are routed through it. An active agent, it adds to, alters, and comments on the pages readers visit, as well as taking material from those pages to create the ever-scrolling content of its own divided window, meant to be kept open for about a week in the top corner of a reader's monitor, if its story is to be both told and lost. The agent's own story is one of family history and grief; its private store of commentary, an ongoingly updated collection of memorial sites on the Web, cemetery photographs, and Kubler-Ross analyses of stages of grief. The agent permits elements of the reader's browsing to invade and transform its own story to the point of extinction - although it has, in the meantime, infiltrated the reader's main window.
A reader intent on browsing, who has enabled Impermanence Agent, will find her attention constantly solicited, but only peripherally, by the active image in the corner of her screen, and by invasions of unselected material into her focus. The "now" of her reading is both threatened and fertilized. Her content is mirrored back to her in such a way that she feels how it cumulates and overwhelms another's story; how a click made in a second, can, through the mechanism of selection, become amplified and feed into and feed back on the longer scale of narration, destabilizing the fixed bounds of "now" and "here."
An artist working differently still is Eduardo Kac, whose complex work, Time Capsule, I'd like to evoke for you. Kac, a Brazilian whose family arrived in Brazil from Eastern Europe, makes telepresence work that combines robotics and telecommunications. On November 11, 1997, inside a room with parquet floors and ornate plaster ceiling in the Casa das Rosas Cultural Center in São Paulo, Kac constructed an inner room of movable white walls. On one of those hung seven sepia-toned photographs that his grandmother brought from Poland in 1939 - the actual photographs, he says in a talk given a year later, though in the gallery they are not identified in any way. On the facing wall, as of the next day, was a diptych combining an x-ray of Kac's ankle with an enlargement of the registration screen for a Web database used to track lost animals, for on November 11, in the presence of a horde of TV cameramen, broadcast live both to Brazilian TV and to the Web, Kac had injected his leg with a 15mm microchip implant that contained a programmed identification number and that, when scanned, emitted a radio signal. He then put his leg in a scanning device, and his ankle was Web-scanned from Chicago, the scanner button being pushed by a telerobotic finger which remains in the pressed position, displaying Kac's ID number on the scanner's LCD display. Kac then registered himself, as both animal and owner, in a North American pet database, the first human to do so, and on the following day went to the hospital to have his permanent implant x-rayed.
Time Capsule takes place in Chicago, Brazil, Poland, the airwaves, the phone lines, around the world on the Web, and in Kac's flesh wherever he goes, yet is called site-specific. It takes place on November 11, 12, and 13, or now on his Webpage devoted to it, or always, in his leg, or in the thirties in Poland. It is a body, a broadcast, a netcast, a database, an identification, a schedule, a sound byte, an implant, a Webscan, an x-ray, a gallery show. In these respects it resembles the spatially distributed cell-assemblies that have to be synchronized temporally in a neuronal pattern for us to take action. And an active stance is called for. The meaning of the image changes with the pathway. A man is marking his ankle with an identification number under the photographed eyes of his refugee family, a family in flight from a regime that wrote numbers on skin with needles. Without being bound to any machine he is now always readable by a machine, wearing an electronic anklet that monitors him as much as any prisoner. The temporal scales range from milliseconds to years, but where is memory, personal or collective, the kind of memory we believe ethically needs to persist? Has Kac effectively located it in the microfluctuations, or in multifractal patterns that persist beyond the persistence of any given sequence, even though we may consciously experience it as disconnected and diffuse, as both refugial and vivid?
a time series image
I'll close by describing 1:1, a temporal image of the Internet, created by Lisa Jevbratt. In this piece softbots, or agents, continuously scan servers doing a so-called interlaced search of all possible IP addresses, expressed as four octets, from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255, and then expressing the results in terms of five different visualization algorithms. The search zooms in repeatedly on different samplings, each of which constitutes not a slice, but a snapshot, of the Web, which increases in resolution as the scans move toward sampling all the octets, after which they recommence. The title 1:1 refers to a scale of 1:1 suggesting that this map has the same size as its referent. In fact, the interface here has become not only the map but the environment, implying all of the problems Lewis Carroll addressed in 1893, when, in the book Sylvie and Bruno Concluded, he has "Mein Herr" speak of his grand project, a map on the scale of a mile to a mile. When asked if he'd used his map much, Mein Herr replies: "It has never been spread out, yet...the farmers objected: they said it would cover the whole country and shut off the sunlight! So we use the country itself, as its map, and I assure you it does nearly as well."
Readers of 1:1 can select locations via the Hierarchical, Random, Petri, Excursion, or Every interface. The latter is a densely striated coat of many colors, a clickable image map linking to every top level website associated with an IP address. The specific color of each square is generated by using the second, third, and fourth octets to specify RGB numbers. The Petri interface resembles a star-map of live sites, each of which lightens the more times it is clicked, demonstrating the self-fulfilling prophecy aspect of collaborative filtering. The Excursion interface permits a recursive choice from a search-progress graphic that opens nested windows; Hierarchical allows consecutive choice of each octet; and Random requests a randomly generated choice.
When using these database interfaces, readers experience a very different Web from the one they are accustomed to access through portals. Instead of ads, porn, and pets, they encounter predominantly undeveloped sites and inaccessible information. My own Every selection turned up Scandinavian Seaways, US Army Space and Strategic Defense, and CGS VR Graphics - nuggets among the myriad error messages that announce vacant or forbidden sites. Without a probabilistic sampling scheme, without recursive searches, without a time series interface, this particular view of one of our most important public environments would not be available. Very unlike the plans for the garden at Versailles, this interface/visualization is arguably as much the Web as it is a map of the Web. It yields a kind of knowledge that only transiently yields to a gestalt, that must be reconstituted continuously with computer processing time and human cognizing time, a kind of temporal knowledge that we must all learn to feel with, and that digital artists are exploring in unpredictable ways.
Cite this Essay:
. "Dali Clocks: Time Dimensions of Hypermedia", Electronic Book Review, January 1, 2001, .
Readers wishing to respond to an essay in ebr may send ripostes or short glosses to the journal's Managing Editor, Will Luers.
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: cognitive, dali, digital, eduardo kac, einstein, evolution, hypertext, noah wardrop-fruin, time
Stephanie Strickland
Dovetailing Details Fly Apart – All Over, Again, In Code, In Poetry, In Chreods (with an Introduction by Joseph Tabbi)
Moving Through Me as I Move
Poetry in the Electronic Environment
Post-Digital Debates and Dialogues from the electronic book review
Seven League Boots: Poetry, Science, Hypertext
Editor's gathering for thread webarts
Duchamp Through Shop Windows
by Hannah Higgins
Unfolding Laramée
by Allison Hunter
New = Old, Old = New
by Jan Baetens
Signmakers 1999
by Cary Wolfe
webarts:
Researching Writing Technologies through the Speculative Prototype Design of Trina
Sim Capital: General Intellect, World Market, Species Being, and the Video Game
by Nick Dyer-Witheford

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Complete the decoration of your bathroom with this model Niger 70 white bathroom furniture from Torvisco, a bathroom furniture available in gloss white with measures of 70x45 cm, will bring to your bathroom the touch of design and elegance that you were looking for.
The white Niger 70 bathroom furniture from Torvisco has three drawers and a normal opening door so you will not have problems organizing your daily cleaning products inside. In addition, it is also available in color moka brightness, glossy graphite, black gloss or purple gloss. You can find images of the other colors in the secondary photographs of the product.
The photograph in gloss white color corresponds to the measurement of 100, the photograph of this bathroom furniture in gloss moka color corresponds to the measure of 70.


text:
MassTransit ]|[
Nov 30, 2014 • chris
This article describes an upcoming release of MassTransit. This release is still under development and will be pushed in various pre-release forms before the final release is finished. Early feedback is valuable, and you are encouraged to check out the early bits, but recognize that they are just that – early bits. There will be bugs and features that are not yet complete.
MassTransit was started in 2007 after a very exciting ALT.NET meeting in Austin, TX. I met a lot of great, smart people with a lot of great ideas on how to make the .NET community a better place for software developers. It was shortly after that Dru Sellers and I started working on a messaging library for use with MSMQ to solve problems within our respective jobs. I had actually been using MSMQ since the late 90's from C++, but was starting to make moves into C# and needed a managed solution.
Originally NServiceBus was considered, but while it was open source, it was not accepting contributions at the time and was specific to less than stellar projects like Spring.NET. Having reviewed the source code, Dru and I came to the conclusion that we could start a new project to address our requirements using frameworks with which we were both more familiar. Since that time, NServiceBus has seen tremendous growth and is now a commercial product from Particular Software (started by Udi Dahan).
In the past seven years, MassTransit has evolved as requirements for messaging in distributed systems changed. What started as an abstraction layer on top of MSMQ become a comprehensive platform for creating distributed applications, including support for sagas (okay, we can call them process monitors if you prefer), message scheduling (via Quartz), and a powerful routing slip implementation that has been used as the underpinnings of a modern scaled distributed interoperability platform. Each of these features is great standalone, but when combined they make possible some really incredible system design options that are reliable, scalable, and supportable.
In with the New
There have been many changes in the .NET framework since version 2.0 was released. The runtime and language (C#) have both evolved, adding powerful new features. The biggest changes appeared in .NET 4 with the introduction of the TPL. The new threading support has made asynchronous programming easier to understand and has greater performance with lower overhead than previous operating system threading models.
In addition, the big puffy cloud has become mainstream and many applications are being built cloud-first, leading to the use of push messaging systems. When support for RabbitMQ was added, it took a while to get it right and get it cloud-friendly. The first incarnation followed the same pull model that was used for MSMQ, which led to expensive running services with the cloud's pay-as-you-go model. Refining the transport to support push via AMQP brought the request charges down significantly, but started to identify limitations in the underlying transport model around which MassTransit was built.
Along with the cloud came Azure and the Azure Service Bus. For many .NET developers, it's the easiest option for systems being deployed to the cloud. Cloud services are cost effective ways to host applications, but having to run a RabbitMQ cluster in IaaS can be expensive. Support for Azure Service Bus has been limited to an external library due to the difference in messaging topology, particular the topic/queue structure that's provided on top of SQL service broker. There is also the on-premise Service Bus option, although why somebody would run that over RabbitMQ eludes me.
RabbitMQ also got a lot more awesome, with many improvements in broker-to-client communcation, including notifications to clients as the topology of cluster nodes changes and messages flow through the broker. The client library for .NET has gone from a limited, basic functionality library to include extensive support for the new features. This again identified some seams in MassTransit that were just not clean and made it difficult to take advantage of the new features.
The term CQRS, or Command Query Responsibility Segregation, became a lot more normal, and the separation of reads from writes became obvious as more functional programming styles became commonplace. This is also true in messaging systems. For example, in RabbitMQ you send messages to exchanges and read messages from queues. Two completely separate constructs tuned to each side of the message conversation.
So What's New With MassTransit 3
MassTransit v3 is a modern, enterprise-grade framework for creating reliable, scalable, and supportable distributed applications. Version 3 leverages the latest .NET framework features and supports current message brokers including RabbitMQ and Azure Service Bus (additional support for Event Hubs, as well as on-premise Service Bus will be available as well).
Each message broker will be fully supported at the API level, allowing the distinct advantages of each broker to be utilized. The configuration API for endpoints and consumers is specialized for each transport, while consumers remain agnostic to the transport implementation details. This retains the ability to transplant consumers from one messaging system to another without a rewrite yet take advantage of transport specific features. Message consumers have access to transport-specific parameters and settings as well, in case more specific per-message controls are needed.
Most modern frameworks provide middleware extension points, and MassTransit 3 is no exception. Full end-to-end middleware injection points, from the transport, post serialization, to handlers and consumers and everything in between, make MassTransit 3 the most customizable and extensible messaging framework. Every middleware component is asynchronous, ensuring maximum thread utilization, as well as scope owning, allowing full in/out processing and exception handling. All of this without any overhead that impacts message processing throughput. Traditional observation-style notification points are also available, including pre/post/fault consumer message handling, as well as pre/post/fault send message handling, either by a specific inbound message type or consumer type, outbound message type or endpoint address, or generic inbound and outbound message paths.
A new MassTransit Host, which was part of the original releases, but was extracted to become Topshelf, is now included. And with it comes easy "create an assembly and hit F5" approach to building autonomous services with MassTransit. All of the setup, including separate receive endpoints for each consumer, is handled by convention to make getting started easier than ever. And those services are production ready with full logging support.
Courier, the routing slip implementation for MassTransit, as well as Quartz integration are fully optimized for MassTransit 3. Both scheduling and courier are built into MassTransit, along with full container integration.
Seven years of evolution in a framework means a lot of old code, a lot of which is old solving problems. To keep MassTransit 3 clean and tight, some things had to go.
MSMQ is no longer supported. There was extensive code in MassTransit supporting features that were not supported by MSMQ out of the box. Modern message brokers have full support for topic- and/or exchange-based routing, which can be complex and error prone. Rather than try to keep MSMQ alive, everything related to supporting publish/subscribe on MSMQ is gone, deleted, left in the archives of Git history. While a send/recieve only transport for MSMQ may be added at some future point, developers can continue to use the 2.x versions for MSMQ applications.
Magnum, is no longer a reference. Neither is Stact. Both of these poorly maintained libraries have been removed from MassTransit. A lot of the features in those libraries were there to compensate for limited .NET framework features. With .NET 4.5, the need for those extensions is no longer required. In fact, there are many code design changes that make generic support easier and more understandable, eliminating the dynamic code generation that was so heavily leveraged in previous version of MassTransit. This should lead to faster code execution and reduced process startup time.
Of course, with no Magnum, there is no Magnum state machine. For applications built today, Automatonymous (docs) should be used anyway. It's a better, more flexible, and more extensible state machine than Magnum implementation.
A lot of legacy interfaces that were never suggested to be used, as well as tiny little features that were difficult to support and not used, are gone. Some interfaces may remain to make it easier to port v2 applications to v3, but those will be for compatibility only (and, in fact, packaged in a separate MassTransit.Compatibility assembly).
The first early bits of MassTransit 3 should be available on NuGet soon. This includes support for Azure Service Bus and RabbitMQ. I'll follow up the bits with some articles on how to get started with the new configuration API, and how to get your first message producers and consumers communicating. Details on the default conventions for RabbitMQ and Azure Service Bus will also be published (RabbitMQ is unchanged and 100% compatible with v2.x services).
Automatonymous, Courier, and Quartz integration will also have pre-release versions available that are compatible with the new MassTransit 3 bits.
Many more developers are being pushed into building decoupled message-based applications, and those developers need a clean and modern API that aligns closely to the .NET 4.5 framework. This is even more important as we move into vNext, with .NET now being open source. A fully vNext compatible version of MassTransit is definitely coming as the vNext release approaches. MassTransit 3 is being built to target those developers, as well as those who are maxing out with MassTransit v2.x and need better asynchronous support and extensibility for their applications.
Watch for the early bits announcement soon!


Experience the Health of a Beautiful Smile!
L.D Pankey, a pioneering dentist in the field of relationship-based dentistry, once said, "I never saw a tooth walk into my office." L.D. Pankey used a "Cross of Dentistry" to visualize the intersection of four basic tenets: Know Yourself, Know Your Patient, Apply Your Knowledge, and Know Your Work. He felt that if a dentst worked to keep improving in these areas then the dentist would have a spiritually (and as a byproduct, materially) rewarding dental practice.
I recently talked to my team here about "Know Your Patient". In my office, we are continually striving to build relationships with our client-patients and to make partnerships for achieving better oral and general health. There is no billable insurance code for taking the time to ask a patient what they are noticing about their health, where they are on their personal continuum towards better health, or how we can help them get there. But it is still important. Sometimes, as analytical people, we get focused on completing the procedure at hand and not on the person attached to the tooth!
So, when you as a patient visit our office you may be asked what seem like strange questions. It is not uncommon for me to ask, "what do you think about that?" as I sit you up in the chair and we examine your pictures of a cracked tooth or bleeding gums together. This way we can make an appropriate plan that is individual for your mouth and takes into account your individual level of existing health and determine what level of oral health you want to achieve.


While there is so much focus on Iowa right now, it is easy to forget the Nation's Capitol continues to be busy passing legislation. Murowski and Collins are two senators that very much prove wrong all Republican prejudices, and made a point to make it to the Senate floor today. A perception that most Republican women have to fight against is why they choose this party, which so seemingly betrays women's issues. The work of Senator Murkowski, Senator Collins, Senator Fisher, and Senator Ayotte on this topic is often left out of the news. Murkowski's mention of only women on the Senate floor, however, brings attention to this touchy topic, and reminds all readers that there are women in Congress who are also working to shatter glass ceilings, and create equality and advantageous opportunities for women.


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Home / Massachusetts Courts / MG+M Prevails on behalf of a distributor before First Circuit and Overturns the District Court's Dismissal of a Foreign Manufacturer for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction
MG+M Prevails on behalf of a distributor before First Circuit and Overturns the District Court's Dismissal of a Foreign Manufacturer for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction
By Thaddeus M. Lenkiewicz on March 27, 2019
Posted in Massachusetts Courts
Published Decision: Knox v. MetalForming, Inc., 914 F.3d 685 (1st Cir. 2019)
MG+M Boston Attorneys Javier Flores, Eric Skelly, and Thaddeus Lenkiewicz authored the appellate briefing. Attorney Flores presented oral argument.
The extent to which state and federal courts may exercise specific personal jurisdiction over foreign defendants has long been an area of ambiguity and disharmony. Notably, the U.S. Supreme Court's two most recent attempts to address the issue both failed to produce a majority opinion. The lower courts have thus been tasked with delineating the boundaries of jurisdictional authority, armed only that the competing tests articulated in the Supreme Court's fractured pronouncements. On January 30, 2019, the Court of Appeals for the First Circuit issued a decision in the matter of Knox v. MetalForming, Inc. and Schechtl Maschinenbau GmbH[1], which provides much needed clarity concerning the relevant factors and applicable standards for the exercise of personal jurisdiction over foreign product manufacturers.
Case-Specific Jurisdiction Precedent and the Stream-of-Commerce Analysis
For the exercise of personal jurisdiction to be constitutional, a defendant must have "certain minimum contacts" with the forum state such that the maintenance of the suit does not offend "traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice."[2] In the absence of general jurisdiction, a plaintiff must establish that the court has case-specific jurisdiction over the defendant, for which a three-part test applies. First, the plaintiff's claim must directly arise out of, or relate to, the defendant's forum-state activities. Second, the defendant's forum contacts must represent a purposeful availment of the privilege of conducting activities in the forum state. Third, the exercise of jurisdiction must be reasonable.
While the test is well established, it is "'not susceptible of mechanical application" and requires a highly fact-specific inquiry.[3] Particularly, the Supreme Court's efforts to provide guidance in the application of "purposeful availment" prong to foreign manufacturers has resulted in competing variations of the so-called "stream-of-commerce" test. The Supreme Court first set forth the "stream-of-commerce" standard in World-Wide Volkswagen v. Woodson, stating that a "forum State does not exceed its powers under the Due Process Clause if it asserts personal jurisdiction over a corporation that delivers its products into the stream of commerce with the expectation that they will be purchased by consumers in the forum State."[4] In Asahi Metal Indus. v. Super. Ct., Justice O'Connor, writing for three other justices, stated that placing a defective product into the stream of commerce combined with "an intent or purpose to serve the market in the forum State" satisfied purposeful availment.[5] This "stream-of-commerce plus" standard, sought "[a]dditional conduct of the defendant" to "indicate an intent or purpose to serve the market in the forum State."[6] Examples included designing the product for the market in the forum state, advertising in the forum state, establishing channels for providing regular advice to customers in the forum state, or marketing the product through a distributor who has agreed to serve as the sales agent in the forum state.[7]
The Supreme Court revisited its stream-of-commerce precedent most recently in J. McIntyre Mach., Ltd. v. Nicastro.[8] There, the plaintiff was injured in New Jersey while operating a machine that was manufactured in England by J. McIntyre Machinery ("McIntyre"), sold to a U.S. distributor, who in turn sold and shipped the machine to New Jersey. In a split opinion, the Supreme Court ruled that the New Jersey courts lacked jurisdiction over McIntyre. Both Justice Kennedy's plurality opinion and Justice Breyer's concurrence emphasized that McIntyre did not have a single contact with New Jersey apart from the fact that the machine in question ended up there.[9] Justice Kennedy, joined by three other justices, stated the stream-of-commerce "metaphor" merely acknowledges the "unexceptional proposition" that "a defendant may in an appropriate case be subject to jurisdiction without entering the forum . . . as where manufacturers or distributors seek to serve a given State's market."[10] Justice Kennedy continued that jurisdiction is appropriate only where the defendant "can be said to have targeted the forum."[11]
In a concurrence, Justice Breyer rejected the plurality's "strict rules that limit jurisdiction where a defendant does not intend to submit to the power of a sovereign and cannot be said to have targeted the forum."[12] He observed that the case could be decided merely by applying the Court's existing precedents and did not require the Court to promulgate a new standard. Justice Breyer noted that the Court had never held that a single isolated sale is sufficient.[13] Thus, McIntyre was not subject to the court's jurisdiction because there was no evidence of a "regular flow or regular course of sales in New Jersey" nor the examples of "something more" identified in Asahi.[14] Courts have subsequently recognized Justice Breyer's opinion as the narrowest grounds for the Court's decision, and thus the binding opinion.[15]
Facts and Procedural of Knox Case
The Knox matter involves an individual who was injured in Massachusetts in October 2016 while operating a metal folding machine manufactured by a German company, Schechtl Maschinenbau GmbH ("Schechtl"). The machine had been sold to the Plaintiff's Massachusetts employer by MetalForming, Inc. ("MetalForming"), a Georgia-based company who served as Schechtl's exclusive distributor in the U.S.
On a prima facie review of the pleadings, the First Circuit noted the following facts:
Schechtl is headquartered in Germany and maintains no operations in the U.S. Schechtl sells its machines to U.S. customers through MetalForming, an independently owned distributor. Each U.S. customer places an order with MetalForming who in turn sends a purchaser order to Schechtl. When a machine is ready, Schechtl delivers it to a transport agency in Germany, at which point ownership passes to MetalForming. MetalForming then installs the machine at the purchaser's site. Schechtl also required MetalForming to pass information to customers received from Schechtl concerning Schechtl's products and their proper use, including safety and instructional manuals which accompanied each machine. The instruction manuals direct purchasers to contact Schechtl (and not MetalForming) for inquiries, additional machine parts, troubleshooting, and additional training, and provide Schechtl's direct contact information (phone number, fax number, mail and email address). As to the machine at issue, MetalForming provided Schechtl with a purchase order including the machine's specifications and the name of the Plaintiff's employer. Schechtl supplied the machine and accompanying manuals to MetalForming, who delivered them to the Massachusetts site of Plaintiff's employer in 2001.
Schechtl provided MetalForming with advertising materials to market Schechtl products in the U.S. MetalForming promoted Schechtl machines in national trade publications and at industry trade shows. There was no evidence as to the Massachusetts recipients of those trade publications and no evidence that any of those shows was in Massachusetts. Between 2000 and September 2017, MetalForming sold 2,639 Schechtl machines throughout the U.S., at a value of just over $97 million. The Schechtl machine at issue was one of forty-five machines and 234 Schechtl parts MetalForming sold to purchasers in Massachusetts at a total value of nearly
$1.5 million (1.35% of Schechtl's machine sales in the U.S.).
The Plaintiff sued MetalForming and Schechtl in Massachusetts Superior Court. After the matter was removed to federal court based-on diversity, Schechtl moved to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. The U.S. District Court of Massachusetts granted the motion, finding that evidence of purposeful availment was lacking. The Plaintiffs and MetalForming appealed.
First Circuit's Decision
The Court of Appeals for the First Circuit reversed the dismissal upon finding that Schechtl had purposefully availed itself of the forum by selling substantial goods to Massachusetts and establishing channels of communication with Massachusetts customers. The First Circuit reaffirmed that Justice Breyer's concurrence is the binding opinion of J. McIntyre, but noted the totality of Schechtl's activities, voluntarily undertaken, satisfied the tests articulated in the concurrence as well as Justice Kennedy's plurality opinion.[16]
To begin, the First Circuit rejected the Schechtl's argument and the District Court's holding that the exercise of jurisdiction required a showing that Schechtl designated Massachusetts "for special attention" or specifically "targeted buyers within Massachusetts.[17] "Supreme Court precedent does not establish specific targeting of a forum as the only means of showing that the purposeful availment test has been met."[18] "Purposeful availment analysis will vary with the quality and the nature of the defendant's activity."[19] Depending on the facts, a defendant's regular flow or regular course of sale in the forum could make the exercise of jurisdiction foreseeable to the defendant.[20] Likewise, jurisdiction could be foreseeable based on "something more" than this, evidencing an intent to serve the forum.[21]
Applying these principles to the facts at hand, the First Circuit held that Schechtl's sales, through MetalForming, of forty-five machines and 234 parts into Massachusetts, totaling $1.5M, constituted a regular flow or course of sales and was readily distinguishable from the single isolated sale at issue in J. McIntyre.[22] The fact that these sales were a small fraction of a nationwide sales effort did not preclude jurisdiction. Instead, the question was whether Schechtl's connection with Massachusetts was such that the exercise of jurisdiction was voluntary and foreseeable. The First Circuit further noted that its opinion did not merely rest on the volume of sales. Schechtl supplied each machine in response to purchaser-provided specifications and required that MetalForming include, with each machine, materials that instructed that purchaser to contact Schechtl directly.[23] The Court thus found that Schechtl voluntarily opened direct links to at least forty-five Massachusetts purchasers; links which are kept open over many years and presumably used, as evidenced by sale of 234 spare parts.[24] Schechtl's channels to Massachusetts purchasers "constitute[d] efforts to continue – and perhaps to expand – its relationship with those purchasers." The Court determined that these links were relevant to the jurisdictional analysis and further supported the exercise of jurisdiction here is foreseeable.[25] The Court concluded that, unlike the foreign manufacturer in J. McIntyre, "[t]his case involves a manufacturer which can direct where its products go, which sold dozens of expensive products into the forum over nearly two decades, and which initiated an ongoing relationship with its in-forum purchasers."[26]
The First Circuit's opinion in Knox provides instructive guidance in applying the Supreme Court's varying articulations of the "stream-of-commerce" / purposeful availment tests to foreign manufacturers. The decision reaffirms that the analysis requires a highly fact-specific inquiry and that no formulation of the test can be mechanically applied. The Court distinguished a manufacturer who merely places of a product into the stream-of-commerce resulting in a single sale to the forum state from a manufacturer who establishes a regular course of sales and channels of communication with forum customers, albeit through an independent distributor and as part of a nationwide sales effort. Most importantly, the Knox decision affirms that a foreign manufacturer, who seeks to engage forum customers, cannot avoid jurisdiction from product liability suits merely by asserting that it did not target the forum specifically.
[1] Case Nos. 18-1550, 18-1551 (Opinion of Lynch, J., joined by Stahl, J. and Barron, J.).
[2] Int'l Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316 (1945).
[3] PREP Tours, Inc. v. Am. Youth Soccer Org., No. 17-1223, 2019 WL 126221, at *4 (1st Cir. Jan. 8, 2019).
[4] 444 U.S. 286, 297-98 (1980).
[5] 480 U.S. 102, 112 (1987).
[8] 564 U.S. 873 (2011).
[9] Id. at 886, 888-89.
[10] Id. at 881-82.
[11] Id. at 882.
[13] Id. at 887, 888.
[14] Id. at 889 (citing Asahi, 480 U.S. 102, 111-12, 117, 122 (1987) (O'Connor, J.) (requiring "something more" than simply placing "a product into the stream of commerce,"); (Brennan, J.) (arguing that jurisdiction should lie where a sale in a State is part of "the regular and anticipated flow", but not where that sale is only an isolated occurrence); (Stevens, J.) (indicating that "the volume, the value, and the hazardous character" of a good may affect the jurisdictional inquiry and emphasizing Asahi's "regular course of dealing").
[15] Plixer Int'l, Inc. v. Scrutinizer GmbH, 905 F.3d 1, 10 (1st Cir. 2018) (quoting Marks v. United States, 430 U.S. 188, 193 (1977)); Williams v. Romarm, SA, 756 F.3d 777, 784 (D.C. Cir. 2014); Ainsworth v. Moffett Eng'g, Ltd., 716 F.3d 174, 178 & n.14 (5th Cir. 2013); AFTG-TG, LLC v. Nuvoton Tech. Corp., 689 F.3d 1358, 1363 (Fed. Cir. 2012).
[16] Knox, Opinion of Lynch, J., Jan. 30, 2019, at 13, 15 (internal quotations omitted).
[17] Id. at 13 (internal quotations omitted).
[18] Id. at 14 (quoting Plixer, 905 F.3d at 9).
[19] Id. at 18 (quoting Burger King v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 475 (1985); PREP Tours, 2019 WL 126221, at *6).
[21] Id. (citing Asahi, 480 U.S. at 111-12 (O'Connor, J.)).
[22] Id. at 15-16.
[23] Id. at 17.
[26] Id. at 18-19
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Brian GrossPartner
Brian D. Gross is a partner at MG+M who has extensive experience in a broad spectrum of litigation. He is also a member of several…
Brian D. Gross is a partner at MG+M who has extensive experience in a broad spectrum of litigation. He is also a member of several corporate defendants' national trial teams.
Jennifer WhelanPartner
Jennifer A. Whelan is a partner in MG+M's Boston office, her practice focuses on defense of asbestos, mass tort, products liability, and general liability matters.
Jennifer A. Whelan is a partner in MG+M's Boston office, her practice focuses on defense of asbestos, mass tort, products liability, and general liability matters. Jennifer serves as national coordinating counsel in asbestos litigation matters.
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Clarification of the administrative practice regarding the repatriation of funds in the case of domestically guaranteed foreign bonds in accordance with Article 14a paragraph 3 of the Ordinance of 19 December 1966 on Withholding Tax (VStV; SR 642.211).
With effect from 1 April 2017, Article 14a VStV has been adapted. Since then, it has been permissible to repatriate funds to Switzerland in the case of domestically guaranteed foreign bonds, subject to compliance with certain conditions, without attributing the foreign bond to the domestic guarantor for withholding tax purposes.
The current administrative practice is clarified as follows: Credit balances existing between group companies are not deemed to be either a bond or a customer credit for the purposes of withholding tax (irrespective of their term, currency and interest rate), if in the case of domestically guaranteed foreign issuances the volume of funds returned to domestic group companies (generally to the guarantor) does not exceed the sum of the cumulative equity of all foreign group companies (pursuant to Art. 14a para. 2 VStV; so-called "equity option"). If there is no 100 percent shareholding, the equity of the foreign group company is only taken into account according to the respective shareholding.
by the foreign issuer first passing on the corresponding funds to foreign group companies, which in turn pass on these funds to domestic group companies up to a maximum of the cumulative equity of the foreign group companies.
In addition, there is no harmful repatriation of funds if the sum of the funds transferred to Switzerland within the framework of domestically guaranteed foreign issuance is not greater than the sum of the loans granted to foreign group companies by domestic group companies (so-called "offsetting option"). The offsetting option and the equity option can be combined with each other.
If a company wishes to make use of the equity and/or offsetting options, it must submit an application for approval to the Swiss Federal Tax Administration (FTA) within the framework of a tax ruling. The requirements for the revision concept of the selected option must also be specified in the advance tax ruling. Once a procedure has been chosen, it must be maintained (principle of consistency).
We would be pleased to advise you in this context! We are are looking forward to your message.


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Values Lessons
Clapping Rhyme
Puppet Play
Folk Tale
Object Lesson
History Story
Folktale
Home > Power of Words >
Power of Words History Story: Follow the Cry © Jenny Jenkins 2015 https://sites.google.com/site/valueslessons
(Show Image 1) Te Aokapurangi shuddered as she watched Chief Hongi Hika step from his canoe waving a long barrelled musket in each hand. It was 1821 and he was back home in Kerikeri, in the far north of New Zealand, after a year away visiting England. His warriors raced to greet him. Excitedly they began unloading the guns he had traded for in Australia, on his way home.
'Many more people will die,' Te Aokapurangi thought, sadly. 'Just as my father died, and my husband and his whanau in Maketu.'
Two years before, Hongi Hika and his warriors had sailed down to the East Cape, killing their enemies and taking prisoners back to Kerikeri to be slaves. Te Aokapurangi vividly remembered the terrible day she had been wrenched from her children and captured as a slave. A chief called Hauraki had taken her for his wife. He called her Ao, and was kind to her as she grieved the death of her family. Gradually she had been first accepted and then respected by the Ngapuhi tribe. Last year, she had given Hauraki a baby son, but her thoughts often returned to her children in Maketu. 'My son Hihiko must be almost a man by now,' she reflected. 'I'm so glad he is still free. How I long to see him.'
Her brother, Te Awaawa, had also been captured by Hongi Hika, and was now one of Hongi's warriors. She could see him helping to unload the waka, and exchanged a worried look with him as he strode past, carrying a case of muskets and a cask of powder.
Three hundred muskets were taken from Hongi's huge war canoe and carried up to a storehouse. "The king of England gave you these?" Hauraki asked Chief Hongi in amazement.
"Just this one." Hongi pointed to a gun lying in the canoe. "And some armour," he added. He picked a shining steel helmet and fitted it onto his head. Lifting a suit of chain mail, he held it up proudly.
"You'll look like King George of England in those," Hauraki grinned.
"King Hongi of Aotearoa," Hongi laughed. Ao didn't smile. She knew that he meant it.
(Show Image 2)
Within two months of arriving home, Hongi Hika had raised an army for war. Ten Ngapuhi chiefs and two thousand warriors, half of them armed with muskets, assembled in Whangarei, ready for war. They were a fearsome sight paddling down the harbour; fifty carved war canoes, intent on revenge.
Several years earlier, three southern tribes had attacked and slaughtered many Ngapuhi people. These tribes still had the numbers to defend themselves, but none had the guns. As she watched the waka sailing away, Ao remembered those same canoes as they landed on the beach near her pa at Maketu. Death sailed with them.
Three long months later, Ao welcomed Hauraki back. Late at night, sitting around the fire, he told stories of their battles; how no tribe could stand before the mighty power of their muskets. They had slaughtered at least two thousand of their enemies, and brought back as many slaves. "A fitting revenge," he boasted. "No one will dare to attack us again!"
Ao's eyes filled with tears at the memory of her father falling in battle. Was her tribe safe, or would Hongi attack Maketu again?
Hauraki told how one of his fellow chiefs, Pomare, had disagreed with Hongi before the last battle at Te Totara Pa, near Thames. Hongi had used treachery, pretending to make peace. Returning quietly after dark, Hongi's army caught the pa off guard. A thousand people were massacred that night.
But Chief Pomare had left before the battle and sailed south to the Bay of Plenty. With a group he travelled inland towards Rotorua.
Meanwhile, news of the massacre at Te Totara Pa had reached the Te Arawa people of Rotorua. Some of their families had been visiting Te Totara and had been killed in the treacherous Ngapuhi attack. Now a much smaller group of Ngapuhi were right here on their territory. What an opportunity for revenge!
The unsuspecting Ngapuhi men arrived at Lake Rotokakahi to find the local Te Arawa people gathered at a pa on an island. Pretending to be friendly, they invited the travellers to their island for a feast.
(Show Image 3) Hiding their largest waka, they sent a small canoe to ferry the Ngapuhi across, twenty at a time. However, when they landed, around the far side of the island, a large mob of people met them, pulled them from the canoe and drowned them. A fitting revenge, they felt, for the treacherous massacre of their whanau who were visiting Te Totara Pa.
The last group of Ngapuhi, waiting to be paddled across, saw a swimmer, trying to escape from the island, being chased by a canoe. They became suspicious. Noticing blood spots on the canoe when it returned to pick them up, they turned and fled for their lives.
Chief Hongi Hika was furious when the survivors returned home to the Bay of Islands. More than a hundred of his warriors had been murdered by treachery. He began making plans for immediate revenge, but Hauraki disagreed. "We've just come home from war," he cautioned. "Our provisions are low. Wait until summer, when we have good supplies of dried fish and kumara. Then we will get revenge on Te Arawa. Men fight better on full bellies." Hongi Hika agreed.
Ao, standing beside her brother Te Awaawa, was listening. She gasped. Te Arawa was their tribe!
Hauraki glanced towards them. "Te Awaawa is from Te Arawa tribe," he declared. Ao froze. Would she lose her brother too?
For a long moment, Hongi studied him. "Return to your people," he said at last. "Take your gun. Tell Te Arawa that Ngapuhi are coming to destroy them!"
Relief mingled with sorrow, as Ao watched her brother walk away.
Warriors chanted, paddles flashed, a seagull called from the sky. Leaning forward in the huge waka canoe, Ao's heart quickened as she sighted the familiar cliffs of Maketu on the horizon. When they drew closer she noticed with relief that her village was deserted. A stray dog, yapping noisily from the waters edge, was the only sign of life.
While in Tauranga the night before, Hongi Hika had learnt that many Te Arawa people had fled to Mokoia Island, in the middle of Lake Rotorua, taking all their canoes with them.
Hongi had asked, "Is there a way to get our waka inland to the lake?" There was, but it was difficult. It involved paddling up the Pongakawa River, dragging the waka a long distance overland through the bush, and paddling across two lakes to a channel which cut through to Lake Rotorua.
"We'll do it," Hongi declared. A Te Arawa man, in Tauranga to purchase a gun, was captured to use as a guide.
They camped that night at the mouth of the Pongakawa River. Ao felt at home here, as this was land that belonged to her first husband's family, the Ngati Awa. But she feared for their lives.
When Hauraki was relaxing by the fire after they had eaten, she knelt by his side. "My children's people, the Ngati Awa, live along this river," she whispered. "I am concerned for their safety. It is not the Ngati Awa you must avenge, but Te Arawa."
"Talk to the chiefs," he murmured.
Ao sat with her head bowed, silently gathering her courage. Then, heart pounding, she moved quickly to where Hongi Hika sat with the other chiefs. Would he heed her, or would he have her punished for her boldness?
After listening to her quiet appeal, the chief agreed. Their quarrel was with Te Arawa, who had treacherously murdered their kinsmen at Lake Rotokakahi. They would not attack the Ngati Awa villages, as they paddled up the river. Ao thanked him. Her children's whanau were safe.
Hauling seven huge waka overland through thick bush was a difficult job, but Chief Hongi was in no hurry. He had nearly 700 warriors and they worked in shifts. One group cut down trees to clear a track; another cut and laid skids under the hulls, some pulled on ropes from the front, and others held the sides to keep the heavy waka upright.
Only a week later, Ao stood on the shore of Lake Rotorua. Behind her, at anchor in the Ohau Channel, lay seven huge waka. She gazed across the water at the smoke of cooking fires drifting into the air above Mokoia Island. Her son, Te Hihiko would probably be on the island, as would her brother, Te Awaawa, and the rest of her family. She must save them.
Hauraki joined her on the lakeshore and noticed the worried frown on her face. He spoke first. "Your people took no part in the massacre. We have no quarrel with them. Shall I kill your brothers? Speak again to the chiefs." She smiled gratefully, and they walked up the beach to the camp.
After listening to her, the chiefs acknowledged that her family clan, the Rangiwewehi, had taken no part in the murder of the Ngapuhi party at Rotokakahi Lake.
Ao felt a surge of hope. "Thank you for sparing my children near the Pongakawa River," she said. "Would you please show mercy to my people on Mokoia Island also?" She waited silently while they talked amongst themselves. Once again they agreed.
A wave of relief swept over Ao. "I would like to visit the island tomorrow," she continued, "to ask my people to separate from the rest of Te Arawa, and take no part in the war."
The next morning Ao paddled across the mirror-calm water of the lake. As she drew close to the island, her chief, Hikairo, recognised her and assembled her beloved Rangiwewehi people on the beach. Her heart was filled with joy as she recognised her son Hihiko, and other loved ones she had not seen for many years. Surely they would see their danger and accept her offer of help?
She called her greetings. "Move to the north of the island," she cried, "and the Ngapuhi will not harm you. Gather there, away from the rest of Te Arawa and be saved. It is a place of refuge. Please, go north."
Without hesitation, Chief Hikairo answered, "It was noble of Ngapuhi to listen to you, but we cannot withdraw. Tell Ngapuhi, 'Bring your terror, so that one fire may consume Te Arawa.'"Sadly Ao turned the canoe and paddled back to the lakeshore. Hauraki met her on the beach, and his eyes showed his sympathy.
Ao sought out Hongi Hika and passed on Chief Hikairo's reply. "I have one last request," she continued. "May I go with you into battle, stand with your warriors, and call to my whanau to come to me for protection? Would you spare those who come?" she pleaded.
"On one condition," he answered. "Those who seek sanctuary must first pass beneath your thighs." Ao hesitated, then nodded.
(Show Image 7) Early the next morning, as the tui birds sang and the mist lay over the lake, seven huge war canoes filled with armed warriors glided silently out of the channel and steered towards Mokoia Island. As they approached the sand-spit on the east of the island, a flock of gulls was startled into the air, screeching a warning to the warriors gathered on the beach.
The seven waka lined up in the shape of a spearhead and drove towards the beach, paddles flashing in perfect rhythm. Chief Hongi stood in the prow of the foremost canoe, chanting a war song and flourishing his mere. The sunlight flashed off his steel helmet and chain-mail armour.
Leaning over the side of Hauraki's waka, Ao scanned the faces waiting on the beach. Her heart quickened as she saw her brother, Te Awaawa. She watched as he raised the musket Hongi had given him almost a year ago in Kerikeri, when he was sent home to warn Te Arawa. No one else on the beach appeared to have a gun. (Show Image 8)
As the huge war-canoes drew near the shore, a single shot rang out. Hongi fell backwards into the canoe. A gasp of dismay filled the air. For a brief moment over a thousand warriors, from both sides, held their breaths, waiting. Hongi struggled to his feet, bareheaded. His helmet had saved his life. Five hundred Ngapuhi warriors leapt to their feet with a roar of triumph.
The canoes shuddered onto the shore and the Ngapuhi leaped out onto the sand. The thunder of gunfire deafened Ao as they fired their first volley. Wounded men screamed, warriors yelled spine-chilling war cries as they leapt into the air, and the sound of gunfire was constant. Clambering ashore, Ao watched her people bravely charge forward, again and again, only to be cut down by a hail of bullets.
Four servants, loading five guns, surrounded Hongi Hika and he fired without a pause. When almost two hundred lay dead on the sand, the Te Arawa tribe turned and fled, the Ngapuhi warriors charging after them.
Ao ran forward into the midst of the fighting. "My people, come to me and be saved," she cried desperately. "Follow me! I will lead you to safety!" She continued calling loudly as she moved up the beach, and across to a large meeting-house. A stream of people followed her, crowding close to her for safety. Remembering the words of Hongi, she thought, 'There are too many to pass under my thighs. They are frightened and won't understand. What can I do?' (Show Image 9)
Looking upward at the large sloping roof of the meeting-house, she saw a carved figure on the ridge-pole above the doorway. 'Of course,' she thought. Nimbly she scrambled up the low roof and climbed onto the top. She straddled the ridge-pole, one leg hanging down each side of the roof as she sat high above the doorway.
The crowd below stood staring up at her in confusion. "Go in," she called. "You'll be safe inside."
There was a lull in the gunfire and Ao's voice rang out strongly across the battlefield. "The gates of mercy are open! Hurry and come inside!"
Streams of people were fleeing towards her; staggering, crawling, weeping. Her eyes shone as her brother called a greeting before limping inside.
The meeting-house filled and the crowd overflowed off the porch and onto the marae in front. And still she called. Smoke stung her eyes as buildings were set on fire around her, but hers was left untouched. Chief Hongi strode up, stared up at her in silence, then walked away. She had obeyed his words; he must keep his promise.
Fewer people were coming now. Few were left alive. Some had tried to escape the island in small canoes, or by swimming. Some drowned. Others were pursued by canoe. A few, like her son Te Hihiko, escaped off the island unharmed. But all who took refuge beneath the thighs of Te Aokapurangi were saved.
The following evening, Te Hihiko, returned to Mokoia Island to see his mother.
He crept silently towards the door of the meeting-house, hoping to slip inside, unnoticed by his enemies.
(Show Image 10) With a shout, a warrior leapt towards him waving a musket. It was Hauraki. He had been standing in the shadows guarding the doorway. When he realised who the intruder was, he opened the window and called inside, "Ao, it's your son, Te Hihiko!"
The crowd inside parted, allowing Ao to push through and greet her son, tears of joy streaming down her cheeks. Outside the roar of gunfire deafened them as Hauraki ordered his followers to fire a round of gunshot in Te Hihiko's honour.
Early the next morning, Hauraki called Te Hihiko and his elders out to talk, and Ao stood quietly watching. Relief swept through her as a peace treaty was made between Te Arawa and Ngapuhi. She smiled as Hongi Hika gave Chief Hikairo a token of this peace - his dented helmet.
© Jenny Jenkins 2015 Resource: A Wild Wind from the North, by Don Stafford. (Reed 2007)
1. When was the first time Ao used her words to save her family? (As they travelled up the river, through the territory of her first husband's people, the Ngati Awa.) Who did she appeal to first? (Her husband Hauraki) Next? (Chief Hongi) Why was she listened to?
2. What was the second time Ao used her words to attempt to save her family? (On the shore of Lake Rotorua, as she asked for her own people to be spared as they had not been involved in the treachery.) Who did she appeal to first? (Her husband Hauraki) Next? (Chief Hongi) Last? (Her own chief on the island.)
3. What did her own chief say in response to her plea to separate from the rest of the tribe and go North to safety? (Bring your terror, so that one fire may consume Te Arawa.') Why? Did his words come true?
4. What would have been the outcome for his people if he had led them to safety?
5. Why do you think Chief Hongi said that only those who passed beneath Ao's thighs would be saved? (To humiliate them. It would be only in desperation that a man would do this.) When he realised his words had been turned into a means to save so many of his enemies, did he change his mind? Why?
6. What can we learn from Ao about the use of our words?
Visual Aid
Print out the images or make a Powerpoint presentation with them, to help your students to visualise the story.
1. Chief Hongi Hika https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hongi_Hika.jpg/220px-Hongi_Hika.jpg
2. War dance http://www.thevirtualarmchairgeneral.com/pictures/Maori%20War%20Dance%202.jpg
3. Canoe https://www.newzealand.com/ie/feature/early-settlement/
4. Te Awaawa with gun http://www.ace.net.nz/larryogden/history.html
5. Chiefs http://www.lindaueronline.co.nz/media/41934/timeframes_maori%20group%20who%20visited%20england%20with%20william%20jenkins.jpg
6. Maori woman http://schools.natlib.govt.nz/sites/schools.natlib.govt.nz/files/a-080-049_1.jpg
7. Waka canoe http://www.theprow.org.nz/assets/Maori/Te-Awatea-Hou.JPG
8. Man with rifle http://i.ytimg.com/vi/qNIWro6VWzo/maxresdefault.jpg
9. Meeting house http://www.tapeka.com/Treaty%20House.jpg
10. Warrior with musket http://dccimages.durham.gov.uk/dlimuseum/im/2104.jpg


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Epsilon strengthens EMEA leadership with the appointment of Nick Corkill
By newsroom on October 30, 2018 Comments Off on Epsilon strengthens EMEA leadership with the appointment of Nick Corkill
Epsilon, a global leader in creating connections between people and brands, announced the continued expansion of its EMEA leadership team with the appointment of Nick Corkill as VP, Client Services leading the Dell account across EMEA.
Corkill will also work hand-in-hand with Epsilon's creative team to expand and grow its creative footprint internationally. Based in London, Corkill will be part of the EMEA leadership team and report directly to Matthew Simons, SVP, EMEA.
"Corkill is a seasoned client services leader with considerable industry experience, across business-to-business and business-to-consumer clients including L'Oréal, BT, Mothercare, Coty, Christie's and Best Western. He will be an important asset to our team and will enable us to further differentiate Epsilon from its competitors," said Matthew Simons, SVP, EMEA. "I'm excited to see how Corkill and his team will help to further nurture and cement our relationship with the client while achieving even greater success for Dell Technologies."
Simons added "While Corkill's primary focus will be on helping Dell Technologies deepen customer relationships and find new customers, he is also tasked with identifying and implementing a growth strategy for Epsilon's creative offering."
Epsilon has been providing experiential marketing solutions, advanced email marketing programmes and lifecycle communication strategies to Dell Technologies, a global technology leader, in EMEA for almost a decade. As part of the outputs from our global long-term partnership, Epsilon recently announced that it's leveraging its Agility Loyalty platform to launch the Dell Advantage Rewards loyalty programme globally.
Corkill has significant technology, data, strategic and creative experience with the goal of ensuring that data, creative, insight, technology and strategy are used together to maximise client return on marketing investment. He joins Epsilon from RAPP, where he initially led the L'Oréal account and oversaw its rapid growth across 25 UK brands, before being appointed New Business Director. Prior to that, Corkill was the Business Director for the BT account at OgilvyOne.
"I am excited to join Epsilon at a time of growth for the company and its clients. A visionary company, Epsilon is keenly focused on accelerating performance and success for its clients leveraging data, technology and creative solutions. Its impressive client list, digital creative services, data and strategic intelligence and world-class technology are unrivalled. I look forward to contributing to positive outcomes for clients through data-driven, highly personalised creative."
As Epsilon continues to invest and expand in its leadership team, this appointment comes on the heels of the recent appointment of Andrew Mitchell, SVP International Sales.
Source: Epsilon
Agency, Appointment, Client Services, Dell, EMEA, Epsilon, Leadership, Marketing, Nick Corkill, Vice President, VP
Epsilon strengthens EMEA leadership with the appointment of Nick Corkill added by newsroom on October 30, 2018


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Northern Ireland's First Minister Peter Robinson admitted to hospital after suspected heart attack
THE First Minister of Northern Ireland was admitted to hospital shortly at around 9am after suffering a suspected heart attack.
Record Reporter
Northern Ireland First Minister Peter Robinson is believed to be being treated for a suspected heart attack
NORTHERN Ireland's First Minister Peter Robinson was admitted to hospital just after 9am this morning.
It is believed Mr Robinson, 66, travelled to hospital in an ambulance and is understood he is being treated for a suspected heart condition.
A spokesman for the Democratic Unionist Party said: "The First Minister felt unwell this morning and has been admitted to the hospital for some further tests."
He has been First Minister since 2008.
Mike Nesbitt, leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), is among the politicians to wish Mr Robinson a speedy recovery.
He said: "I am sorry to hear that the First Minister has been taken into hospital this morning and I wish Peter a full and speedy recovery.
"Our thoughts are with him and his family."
Prime Minister David Cameron also said on Twitter: "My best wishes to Northern Ireland's First Minister, Peter Robinson, who is in hospital. I hope he has a speedy recovery."
And Deputy First Minister, Sinn Fein's Martin McGuinness, wrote: "Concerned to hear First Minister Peter Robinson has been admitted to hospital. My thoughts & prayers are with him,Iris & family."
Mr Robinson has endured a stressful few months.
His party's electoral battle to regain the Belfast East seat in the UK parliament - which he lost to the Alliance Party's Naomi Long following a scandal involving his wife Iris in 2010 - was among the closest-contested in the general election.
And the DUP also faced fierce criticism over comments a candidate made, linking same-sex marriage to child abuse.
Tomorrow, the Northern Ireland Assembly is due to hold a crucial debate on implementation of welfare reform and Mr Robinson had warned that the power-sharing institution was in danger of collapse.
The Robinson family have requested privacy at this stage.
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Murdered priest's colleague welcomes developments in the case
Dec 30, 2011 4:03 PM PHT
MANILA, Philippines – A friend of murdered Italian priest Fausto Tentorio welcomed the recent arrest of suspects in his slay. This is even as another fellow priest expressed doubts over claims of witnesses who tagged arrested suspect Jimmy Ato as Tentorio's killer.
Justice Secretary Leila de Lima earlier announced the arrest of suspected gunman Jimmy Atoon Thursday, December 29, at a remote village in Arakan, North Cotabato.
Ato was arrested at six in the morning of that day by a special investigative team consisting of agents of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) and the members of the Philippine National Police's Task Force Fausto.
Father Peter Jeremiah, who now takes Tentorio's place ministering to the indigenous people in the Diocese of Kidapawan, told Rappler he is glad that there are developments in the search for the dead priest's killer.
In an Inquirer report, however, his colleague, Father Sebastiano D"Ambra, expressed doubts over claims that Ato was identified by witnesses as the same man who shot and killed Tentorio.
"As far as I know, there was no clear witness to the crime. Unlike Tulio (Favali), who was killed in front of many witnesses, Tentorio was killed with hardly a witness," D'Ambra, who is based in Zamboanga City, said in the Inquirer report.
Ato had a standing warrant for Destructive Arson with Homicide in a criminal case issued by Regional Trial Court Branch 13 of Cotabato City.
Tentorio was the third Italian from the Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions (PIME) priest murdered in Mindanao, and the second in the Diocese of Kidapawan.
In 1985, Father Tullio Favali was murdered at the age of 38 by the Manero brothers hoping to kill Geremia, whom they called "the rebel priest." In 1992, unidentified gunmen shot and killed Father Salvatore Carzedda.
The AFP's Eastern Mindanao Command says the priest's opposition to a large hydropower generator project along Pulangi River motivated the killing.
Sources from inside the investigating team disagree with the AFP statement, however, saying that the motive can either be Tentorio's continued protection of the indigenous' ancestral land, or internal conflicts within organizations Tentorio led.
No mastermind has been arrested.
AFP hand
Tentorio, called Father Pops by parishioners, was just about to enter his vehicle when he was shot several times. Forensic reports have concluded that highly sophisticated weaponry was used, including fragmentation bullets.
Police reported the gunman escaped from the parish compound to a public road where an accomplice waited on a motorbike.
The Ato arrest was initiated by the recent testimony of a local witness who claimed to have seen Tentorio's assailants. The witness also pointed to Ato's brother Robert, whom he named as the driver of the getaway motorbike.
While Jimmy Ato was taken into custody by the joint NBI and PNP team, his Robert escaped.
Before he died, Tentorio led the Tribal Filipinos Apostolate of the Diocese of Kidapawan. Its current chairman, Father Peter Geremia, says the group was once on the AFP's Order of Battle. Indigenous residents also spoke of an initial attack against Tentorio, who was pursued by alleged paramilitary group Alamara Bagani in 2009.
After his death, militant groups accused the Armed Forces of the Philippines for the murder of Italian priest Fausto "Pops" Tentorio.
In a Mindanews report, Bishop Modesto Villasanta, of the United Church of Christ in the Philippines, supported his claim by citing "a number of cases" the UCCP has filed in court against AFP personnel suspected to have murdered some of their church leaders and personnel.
The AFP has denied all responsibility for the killing, initially saying that Tentorio was probably killed by members of the New People's Army in an internal purge.
This was immediately denied by the Communist Party of the Philippines' Southern Regional Committee, who called Tentorio a communist, an internationalist, and "a beloved servant of the masses."
They claimed the AFP was responsible for the killing. – Rappler.com


The state of Kentucky made hashish legalization headlines earlier this week after a state senator launched a invoice to legalize marijuana. By week's finish, nevertheless, a serious regulation enforcement group in Kentucky had already begun pushing again towards the proposed laws. And in a decision posted to their Facebook web page, Kentucky police chiefs formally oppose weed legalization.
On Wednesday, Republican state senator Dan Seum made that case that Kentucky ought to get in on the legalization development cascading throughout the United States.
Senator Seum made the proposal by emphasizing the income the state stands to realize by ending its prohibition on hashish. According to sources, Seum estimates Kentucky might generate between $100 million and $200 million in tax income. It's a robust argument in a cash-strapped state often dealing with finances shortfalls.
Suem, nevertheless, faces a troublesome battle within the legislative chamber. Not many different state senators are on board together with his proposed invoice, together with Senate President Robert Stivers.
And the chances for authorized marijuana in Kentucky simply acquired lots longer at the moment. In a decision revealed on Friday, Kentucky police chiefs formally oppose weed legalization.
With opposition from state lawmakers on one hand and regulation enforcement on the opposite, Senator Seum's invoice already seems lifeless within the water.
Senator Seum's invoice would legalize medical and leisure hashish for adults 21 and older. Additionally, the invoice establishes a unfastened framework for regulating the manufacturing and sale of hashish.
The Kentucky Association of Police Chiefs is pushing again towards Seum's new invoice. And they're doing so by interesting to the threadbare arguments in favor of prohibition.
But Kentucky police chiefs aren't simply setting their sights on leisure legalization. They oppose authorized hashish use in all of its types, together with medical makes use of widely known as useful and bonafide.
What the KACP decision fails to say, nevertheless, is that the majority of their considerations are in reality fueled by the prohibition on hashish. The decision cites legal exercise related to the sale and possession of hashish, for instance.
Then, there's simply the factually inaccurate. The decision claims that "marijuana, like cigarettes, is addictive." Of course, hashish doesn't create anyplace close to the chemical dependency nicotine does.
The decision isn't all bunk, nevertheless. It does reference that hashish use poses a hazard to adolescents and younger individuals. Scientific analysis has certainly pointed to the deleterious results of hashish on the creating mind. Nevertheless, many younger individuals obtain life-saving cannabis-based medicine for quite a lot of illnesses, together with extreme epilepsy.
In different elements of the nation, regulation enforcement officers have come out in favor of legalizing marijuana. They argue that ending prohibition frees up assets to fight extra critical crimes and helps mitigate the results of a racially biased of the War on Drugs.
Kentucky, nevertheless, shouldn't be a type of locations.


The United Nations in Papua New Guinea has congratulated the governments of PNG and Bougainville for confirming a date for the independence referendum.
In a statement the UN said the referendum will give the people of Bougainville the opportunity to express their opinion on the future political status of the autonomous Region of Bougainville, as guaranteed in the 2001 Peace Agreement.
A meeting of the Joint Supervisory Body last week set the poll to start from 12th October this year.
The UN Resident Coordinator, Gianluca Rampolla, said the decision highlighted again the strong commitment of the two governments to work together to continue to support peace in Bougainville.
He has also welcomed the supervisory body engaging with the Post-Referendum Planning Taskforce.
The UN said it will continue to partner with both governments, recognising that the referendum is a very important step in the process, to be followed by a consultation phase between the two governments before the National Parliament exercises its final decision-making authority.
Bougainville South MP Tim Masiu says a four month delay to the Bougainville referendum was not unexpected.
The Bougainville independence referendum has been deferred from June to October.
The man overseeing the upcoming independence referendum in Bougainville says he expects it will not be held in June as planned.
The Australian government has given an extra $US700,000 to support Bougainville's referendum on independence from Papua New Guinea.
Churches in Bougainville will help fund the upcoming independence referendum in the autonomous Papua New Guinea region.


IDEAL has been working with the Better Business Bureau for decades. They do a terrific job of identifying credible companies as well as supporting consumers with legitimate concerns. The BBB recently shared this FAQ sheet on how to hire a contractor. It clearly lays out some important factors to consider when choosing a reputable company to work on your home. Check out the link below and feel free to ask your IDEAL representative for any of our corresponding documentation.
IDEAL Insulation & Roofing is proud to be a partner in this years Home by Avi Stampede Lottery Dream Home. Together with our partners at GAF Roofing & Shoemaker Drywall Supplies we have supplied a beautiful GAF Grand Sequoia roof. Be sure to visit the Dream Home during this year's Calgary Stampede and check out this one of a kind home!
IDEAL Insulation & Roofing is proud to be recognized as one of HomeStars Best of 2016 Award winners for Calgary, AB. HomeStars is one of the most trusted online forums connecting consumers with residential contractors. It has become a valuable tool to promote current jobs as well as communicate with prospective clients. When our customers tell us that they read positive reviews on our company we know that they are speaking of HomeStars. To be selected as a HomeStars Best of 2016 Award winner exemplifies the role that they play in our business and our communication with future clients to come. Thank you HomeStars!
When roofing your home it's important to consider all factors of a proper Roofing system. The underlay, venting and flashing all play a role in how well your roof will shed water and prolong the life of the asphalt shingles. Drip flashing can help prevent rotten plywood under shingles. It is installed along the Eaves of the roof, the lower horizontal edges of any roof, and is designed to prevent water from creeping back up under the shingles as it travels towards the eaves trough. This is particularly important in lower sloped roofs where water is shed at a lower rate. Just as any penetration in a wall such as a window or door must have proper flashing, the Drip flashing plays an important role in prolonging the health of your roof deck and subsequently the shingles.
Attic inspections consider 3 major factors: R-value (measure of thermal resistance) of current insulation, Continuity of ceiling vapor barrier and Ventilation. Ventilation is evaluated in 2 ways: Intake (usually in through the soffit cavities) and Exhaust (through vents installed high on the roof's ridges). Your home's attic and roof depend on proper ventilation to exhaust heat and moisture from the attic space. Whenever ventilation is limited, or out of balance between intake and exhaust, issues arise such as condensation.
Most homes draw intake ventilation through the Soffit cavity. The soffits are the underside of the roof where it overhangs the exterior walls of the building. Older homes, prior to the 1970's had soffits made out of sheets of plywood that often had very few or sparse vents cut into them. The adoption of perforated aluminum soffits came in conjuncture with an understanding of the importance of Attic ventilation that for decades became the standard in new home construction. Unfortunately all too often in the renovation market contractors install new aluminum soffit over top of existing wooden soffit, greatly limiting air flow.
In cases where Attic intake ventilation is limited due to wooden soffits, aluminum covering wooden soffits or plywood stops installed between the attic and the soffit cavity we must pursue additional measures. These measures may involve attempts to bash out plywood stops from the Attic side. Not a very effective technique but sometimes successful. Removing the wooden soffits and replacing with new perforated aluminum soffits. We can often remove the plywood stops from the outside where access is improved with the existing soffits removed. The best way to address the intake ventilation issue but surely a costly exercise.
The third is the installation of Lower roof intake vents. This practice has become much more commonplace in Calgary since it has been adopted by New Construction developments in adherence to local fire regulations. High density residential construction is no longer permitted to utilize perforated aluminum soffits so they install lower roof intake vents during construction. In the renovation market we can use the same intake vents to create ventilation in Attics where the soffit cavities are poorly vented. Intake vents are installed around the perimeter of the roof, or specifically in problem areas, down near the edge of the roof. Always above the exterior wall plate and preferably above the finished height of the current/new attic insulation. This allows fresh air to be drawn into the Attic space, above the perimeter of the Attic insulation so it can then cycle through the attic and exhaust up through the vents installed at the ridges.
We're working on some new advertising for IDEAL. Our infographic outlining all of IDEAL services is now complete. Check it out!
We just finished a re-roofing project where we installed the Lomanco Deck-Air low-profile intake venting system and it is as good as advertised! The product is similar in nature to ridge venting, where the majority of the vent is covered by the shingles. This leaves very little exposed and allows for a more stream-lined appearance compared to traditional roof ventilation. When combined with an upgraded shingle like the GAF Grand Sequoia which was used in this example below you are left with a minimalist installation.
Owens Corning has released an extension to their popular Duration line of shingles that is now available in the Calgary marketplace. The Duration Storm shingle boasts the advantages of Sure Nail technology to aid installation and prevent nail penetrations in the shingle, coupled with Weather Guard technology which reinforces the shingle to resist impact. Check out the following video for more details!