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Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis in Drinking Water
Xiaolu Liu, Hai Yan, Le Lv, Qianqian Xu, Chunhua Yin, Keyi Zhang, Pei Wang, Jiye Hu
DOI : https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11334
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci > Volume 25(5); 2012 > Article
Liu, Yan, Lv, Xu, Yin, Zhang, Wang, and Hu: Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis in Drinking Water
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (AJAS) 2012; 25(5): 682-689.
Published online: May 01, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11334
Xiaolu Liu, Hai Yan*, Le Lv, Qianqian Xu, Chunhua Yin, Keyi Zhang, Pei Wang, Jiye Hu
*Corresponding Author: Hai Yan.
Tel: +86-25-62333177, E-mail: haiyan@sas.ustb.edu.cn
Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Received September 16, 2011 Revised January 24, 2012 Accepted December 28, 2011
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate effects of Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance and meat quality of broilers. Nine hundred one-d-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups with three replicate pens of 100 broiler chicks. Three treatments were i) control, ii) basal diets supplemented with 1 ml of B. licheniformis for each in feed water per day iii) basal diets supplemented with 2 ml of B. licheniformis per chick in feed water per day. The supplementation of B. licheniformis significantly increased body weight in grower chickens (p<0.05), and significantly improved the feed conversion in 3 to 6 and 0 to 6 wk feeding period compared with the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, the supplement also resulted in increased protein and free amino acid contents, and decreased fat content in chicken breast fillet (p<0.05). Furthermore, improvement in sensory attributes was observed in broilers fed with the probiotic. In conclusion, B. licheniformis treatments resulted in a significant increase (p<0.05) in broiler productivity based on an index taking into account daily weight gain and feed conversion rate. Meanwhile, the probiotic contributed towards an improvement of the chemical, nutritional and sensorial characteristics of breast fillet. Overall, the study indicates that B. licheniformis can be used as a growth promoter and meat quality enhancer in broiler poultry.
Keywords: Poultry; Bacillus licheniformis; Probiotic; Growth Performance; Meat Quality
According to the definition by FAO/WHO, probiotics are: "Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host" (Fuller et al., 1989). Currently, probiotics seem to be a good alternative to the use of antibiotics as growth promoters (Tomasik and Tomasik, 2003), which have been used on poultry and livestock in an attempt to increase mean weight gain (Tannock et al., 1999). In broiler nutrition, probiotic species such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Aspergillus, Candida, and Saccharomyces are widely used to prevent poultry pathogens and diseases and improve broiler's growth performance (Tortuero, 1973; Owings et al., 1990; Jin et al., 1998; Zulkifli et al., 2000; Kalavathy et al., 2003; Kabir et al., 2004; Gil De Los Santos et al., 2005; Timmerman et al, 2006; Mountzouris et al., 2007; Awad et al., 2009).
As a widely used probiotic strain, Bacillus licheniformis is considered one of the most health-boosting bacteria because it has demonstrated a positive effect in aiding nutrient digestion and absorption in the host's body (Scgarrd and Demark, 1990). B. licheniformis has been broadly applied in livestock animals as a growth promoter and a competitive exclusion agent. Besides, it has been used recently in aquaculture to enhance the growth and disease-resistance of cultured shrimps (Simon M. 2010). At present, B. subtilis and B. licheniformis are often used together in two products, Biosporin and BioPlus 2B. BioPlus 2B is used in animal feed while Biosporin is licensed as a medicine (SCAN, 2000b; Osipova et al., 2005). BioPlus 2B has been studied by many researchers regarding its efficacy in the suppression of gastrointestinal pathogens. Results of these studies guaranteed its registration as a feed supplement. It showed that the ingestion of BioPlus 2B increases growth performance, feed conversion, and meat quality during the weaning, growing and finishing stages of piglet growth (Kyriakis et al., 1999; Alexopoulos et al., 2004). It remains unclear whether there is any added benefit in the combined use of the two strains. Although there have been a few investigations on effects of B. licheniformis in poultry, little information is available on its impact on nutrient metabolism and histological alterations to intestine in chickens. In particular, the use of B. licheniformis spores as a probiotic or a direct-fed microorganism could be an alternative to adding medicine to feed in the prevention and treatment of broiler chickens' necrotic enteritis under commercial-like conditions (Knap et al., 2010). Therefore, when used as a poultry growth promoter, B. licheniformis spores added to feed could enhance broiler chicken's growth.
To further prove the potential of B. licheniformis in improving growth performance and meat quality of broilers, we investigated the effect of B. licheniformis supplemented in drinking water. Meanwhile, broiler's growth performance parameters including body weight (BW), weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality of chicken (MC) were monitored. Consumers' acceptance test of chicken breast fillet from treated chickens was conducted to evaluate the applicability of B. Licheniform in commercial broilers and confirm improvement of meat qualitative traits.
Probiotic strains
A bacteria strain of B. Licheniform (NO. 1.265) was bought from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center and cultured at 35°C with a shake rate of 200 rpm for 1 d. The cells were harvested with the centrifugation at 12,000 rpm for 20 min, and the cell solution containing 5.6×109 colony-forming units per ml in water was used to feed broiler chicks by mixing with drinking water.
Birds and dietary treatments
All practices carried out on animals in the course of this study followed principles required by the University. Nine hundred one-d-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups with three replicate pens of 100 chicks (50 male and 50 female) each, and raised on floor pens ( 0.90 m2/bird ) for 6 wk. Chicks were vaccinated at hatch for Marek, Infectious Bronchitis and Newcastle Disease. Feed and water were supplied for consumption ad libitum. Chicks were fed a commercial maize-soybean diet without any antibiotics or growth promoters, which was formulated for starter (0 to 3 wk), grower (3 to 6 wk) growth periods (Table 1). The temperature was set at 32°C on the first day, gradually reduced to 24°C by the third week, and then maintained at 24°C to the end of the experiment. The drinking water was untreated well water with the following properties: pH 7.5, electrical conductivity 570 mmohs/cm and free residual chlorine 0 mg/L. B. licheniformis was provided through drinking water and prepared daily. Chicks of group 1 (Control) were provided water without B. licheniformis. The chicks of groups 2 and 3 were provided water plus 1 ml and 2 ml of B. licheniformis suspension per liter of ration, respectively. The 1 ml B. licheniformis treatment (B1) had 5.6×109 colony-forming units per ml drinking water, while the 2 ml B. licheniformis treatment (B2) received probiotic prepared the same way at a dose rate of 1.1×1010 cfu/ml of drinking water.
Growth performance traits
All birds in each group were weighed individually at hatch (0 wk) and the end of each week. Body weight was assessed by dividing the total weight per experimental flock by the number of chicks alive. The amounts of added feed to each pen were recorded daily, and feed residues in each pen were weighed weekly. Feed consumption was therefore calculated on a weekly basis. In the controlled trial, body weight and feed intake were recorded for 6 growth stages, which are starter: the 1st (hatch- 7 d), 2nd (8 to 14 d) and 3rd (14 to 21 d), and grower: 4th (21 to 28 d), 5th (28 to 35 d) and 6th (35 to 42 d). Daily weight gain and feed convention ratio (FCR) of each week, as well as starter period (0 to 3 wk), grower period (3 to 6 wk) and overall (0 to 6 wk) were calculated. In all trials mortality was recorded daily and weekly and reported as a cumulative percentage. All dead birds were removed daily in the morning.
Chemical composition of chicken breast fillet
At 42 days of age, 10 randomly chosen male chickens from each pen were slaughtered, and the breast muscles were dissected and stored at −20°C prior to analysis. Protein and moisture content in chicken breast fillet was determined by the AOAC Official Method (AOAC, 1990). Fat content was determined with Soxhlet extraction (AOAC, 1990). Extraction residue was dried in an oven at 105°C for 24 h and cooled in a desiccator before being weighed to obtain dry solid content.
Free amino acid analysis
Both essential amino acids and flavor amino acids in samples were assayed as described below, in which the members of essential amino acids include Threonine, Lysine, Methionine, Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan and Histidine, and the members of flavor amino acids include Serine, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Alanine and Proline. Samples were dissolved in water with methanol (1:1) during 30 min and centrifuged at 10,000 g for 5 min, and supernatant was filtered through glass wool and stored at −80°C until use. After centrifugation to separate soluble from insoluble material, 40 ml of the supernatant were labeled with iTRAQ reagents (AA 45/32 kit, Applied Biosystems) as recommended by the manufacturer and analyzed on an Applied Biosystems 3200 Q TRAP LC/MS/MS system equipped with a RP-C18- column (150 mm length, 4.6 mm diameter, 5 mm particle size).
Sensory evaluation
Three groups of semi-trained students formed the sensory panel for the chicken breast fillet sensory evaluation. Each group consisted of 15 students with approximately equal number of males and females whose ages were between 20 to 28 years old. Chicken breast fillet samples were sliced into 1 cm thick pieces and grilled for about 45 s to reach an internal temperature of 71–75°C, after which samples were provided to the sensory panel using a coded identifier. Before tasting, panelists were well instructed on the assessment criteria, meat attributes to be rated, and how to properly complete the questionnaire. Each treated sample was tasted by at least 3 different panelists. Drinking water was provided to cleanse off flavor from the last taste. Panelists used a 9-point hedonic scale to assess meat quality attributes. Sensory-textural attributes being scored were: meat colour (from extremely light to extremely dark), juiciness (from extremely dry to extremely juicy), aroma strength (from very weak to very strong), stickiness to the upper mouth cavity (from extremely gooey to extremely smooth)-which is very important, texture- the experience during chewing, and overall satisfaction (disagreeable to enjoyable).
Data were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance using the general linear models (GLM) procedure of SPSS 19.0.0 (2010). When significant treatment differences (p<0.05) were detected, means were separated using Duncan test.
To accurately assess the growth performance, we examined change patterns of broiler body weight gain (BWG) weekly during the whole production period (Figure 1). Table 2 clearly demonstrated the B. licheniformis tested in the study significantly improved the body weigh of the cocks. At 3 weeks of age, the 1 ml B. licheniformis supplementation showed a significant increase in the body weight compared with the control group (p<0.05), and this positive effect of probiotic on body weight persisted until 6 weeks of age (p<0.05). In addition, body weight of cocks treated by 2 ml B. licheniformis supplement was significantly increased compared to the control group on 1, 3 and 5 wk (p<0.05). It can be noticed that the two levels of probiotic groups showed significant increase in the body weight compared with the control group during the grower periods (3 to 6 wk) (p<0.05). However, the initial average BWG of the cocks did not differ between the 1 ml B. licheniformis treatment group and the control group.
The weekly progress of hen's BWG was shown in (Figure 1B). The 1 ml B. licheniformis treatment group showed a significant increase in the daily weight gain at 4 and 6 weeks of age (p<0.05), but had a decrease of BWG compared with controls on 5 wk (p<0.05) (Table 2). Moreover, no significant differences in growth performance were found between the 1 ml B. licheniformis-treated birds and the control birds in the entire experimental period (Table 2). Whereas, the hens fed on the 2 ml B. licheniformis had a greater average daily weight gain than control hens over weeks 0 to 4 and 0 to 6 (p<0.05).
Feed conversion rate and mortality rate
Feed intake for 0 to 3, 3 to 6 and 0 to 6 wk was not influenced by 1 ml B. licheniformis provision, whereas, the broiler supplemented by 2 ml B. licheniformis consumed significantly more feed than other two groups (p<0.05). Table 3 shows feed conversion ratios (FCR) which were affected by supplement treatments. It can be seen that probiotic treatment groups showed lower FCR than the control group over 3 to 6 and 0 to 6 wk (p<0.05), however, there was no significant difference in means of FCR among three groups over 0 to 3 wk. In this study, improvement of feed conversion ratio was evident in B. licheniformis treated groups over control in growing period. Meanwhile, administration of both 1 ml and 2 ml B. licheniformis preparation had no effect on mortality during the whole process.
The protein content, fat content and moisture content of chicken breast fillet are presented in Figure 2A–C. Meat of chickens fed on water without B. licheniformis had the lowest protein content (84.92%) which was significantly different from that of the two probiotic-supplemented treatments (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the chicken breast fillet of the 2 ml B. licheniformis supplemented treatment had a lower fat percentage (5.47%) than the control (7.99%) and the 1 ml B. licheniformis supplemented treatment (8.04%) (p<0.05). Unexpectedly, no significant changes were detected between the control and the 1 ml B. licheniformis supplemented treatment. The moisture content of chicken breast fillet showed significant differences between the control (74.99%) and the 1ml probiotic-supplemented treatment (76.96%), but no differences were found between two treatments.
Figure 2D–F presents the determined amino acid content of chicken breast fillet among three groups. The total free amino acid content is higher in two probiotic-supplemented treatments in comparison to control (p<0.05), and 1 ml B. licheniformis supplemented treatment had the highest amino acid content. Overall, there were more essential amino acids in two probiotic-supplemented treatments than in control. Especially, the essential and flavour amino acid composition in chicken breast fillet from the 1 ml B. licheniformis supplemented treatment was found to be higher than the other two groups (p<0.05), and the control group had the lowest essential and flavour amino acid content.
Sensory attributes
To accurately assess the meat quality, we compared the meat colour, flavour, juiciness, aroma strength, and texture of chicken breast fillet between control and two probiotic-supplemented treatments. Figure 3 shows lower values of meat colour and juiciness for control than two probiotic-supplemented treatments (p<0.05). It was also observed that two probiotic-supplemented treatments had significantly higher flavour pleasantness scores (p<0.05) than control. No significant difference was observed for the other two sensory attributes among treatments, suggesting that the aroma strength and texture of chicken breast fillet might not be related to the effect of B. licheniformis. However, the statistically significant effect of the probiotic on the improvement of overall satisfaction was found (p<0.05).
It could be seen from the study that the administration of B. licheniformis via the drinking water had beneficial effects on broiler performance. Based on results of the study on the evolution of broiler BWG, it was found that the B. licheniformis tested in the study significantly improved the BW of broilers. This finding is in agreement with several reports that demonstrated the probiotic supplemented to birds improved the weekly BW and daily BWG (Cavazzoni et al., 1998; Jin et al., 1998; Zulkifli et al., 2000; Timmerman et al., 2006; Liu et al., 2007; Mountzouris et al., 2007; Awad et al., 2009).
Furthermore, Table 2 clearly shows that the positive effect of probiotic on body weight did not manifest until 4 weeks of age, and the boost in the body weight became greater during the 4–6th wk, which agreed to the conclusion of Mohan et al. (1996) who observed the beneficial effect of probiotic on chicken occurred only after the 4th week of growth.
The enhancing effect of B. licheniformis supplement on FCR in the present trial agreed to several previous studies (Mountzouris et al., 2007; Awad et al., 2009; Karimi Torshizi et al., 2010). Appetite stimulation effects by probiotics have been reported in chickens, including increased lipid, protein, and mineral retention (Nahanshon et al., 1994). Feed conversion data showed that the increase in BWG was not a simple consequence of increased feed intake, since improvement in efficiency of feed utilization might also be involved. Data analysis also suggested that probiotic treatments caused a statistically significant improvement of feed conversion. Meanwhile, improvement of FCR was evident in probiotic groups during grower phases (p<0.05); what is more, the improvement in feed conversion ratio observed in this study is likely to be a result of the improved nutrient and energy utilization.
The microbial population change in intestine of broiler chickens has progressively been recognized as a significant factor impacting on health and growth performance (Fuller, 1989; Samanya and Yamauchi, 2002; Patterson and Burkholder, 2003). In the present study, supplementation of broilers with B. licheniformis increased the BWG and FCR during both grower and overall phases (p<0.05), suggesting an improved intestinal balance of microbial population in probiotic treatments. More importantly, the addition of probiotic may promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and thus provide a healthier intestinal system for better absorption of nutrients (Kelly et al., 1994; Rada and Rychly, 1995; Line et al., 1998; Salminen et al., 1998; Pascual et al., 1999). which was further confirmed by results summarized in Figure 2. Based on results from the determination of chemical composition in chicken breast fillet, it could be deduced that B. licheniformis might participate in the breakdown of food to produce materials more suitable for digestion, thus could affect the digestion efficiency of different substances in feed, and as a result to change the chemical composition of muscles. However, it remains unclear whether there was any added benefit in the cecal microflora composition. Therefore, further experiments are needed to verify this effect.
The term 'meat quality' has different definitions among producers, processors and consumers (Dikeman, 1994). It is possible to have uniformity for 'meat quality' definition for delimited areas of production that only consider the muscular development and the amount of fat cover at the carcass level (Nardonea and Valfre, 1999). The improvement of protein and amino acid content could be considered as positive factors, and the main negative effect of nutrition has been the excess of fat deposition (Larbier, 1991). Furthermore, increasing the ratio of essential amino acids and protein to energy may reduce the abdominal fat pad and improve feed conversion (Maybray and Waldroup, 1981; Smith and Pesti, 1998). In this study, we found that the chicken breast fillet of two B. licheniformis treatments appeared to have higher protein and amino acid content (Figure 2A, D–F). Treatment of 2 ml B. licheniformis supplement had a lower fat percentage in both probiotic treatments (Figure 2B), which suggested that B. licheniformis intakes made the main contribution to chemical, nutritional and sensorial quality improvements. Consumers usually express their preference of meat according to organoleptic quality (taste, tenderness, colour, and juiciness) (Nardonea and Valfre, 1999). Results of sensory evaluation showed significant variations in the overall satisfaction ratio between two probiotic treated groups and the control group, and the degree of satisfaction in two probiotic-supplemented treatments was higher than that in control. Therefore, it is fair to conclude that probiotic intake could result in improved growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Moreover, the supplement via drinking water might also contribute to the improvement, which is consistent to previously studies that probiotic administration via drinking water appears to be superior to the more conventional in-feed supplementation method (Karimi Torshizi et al., 2010).
In conclusion, B. licheniformis supplement displayed a growth-promoting effect. It significantly increased BW and decreased feed gain ratios while no impact on the mortality was found. Furthermore, chicken breast fillet from B. licheniformis supplement treated broilers had increased the moisture, protein and amino acid content and decreased in fat content. Therefore, B. licheniformis can be a promising new growth promoter of the intestinal balance of microbial population in broiler. It has a remarkable potential in improving poultry production and meat quality.
The authors acknowledge the financial support for this study from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-AS-09-003A, FRF-AS-10-001B).
Evolution of broiler weekly body weight in the control group and Bacillus licheniformis supplemented groups. B1: 1 ml Bacillus licheniformis supplemented treatment; B2: 2 ml Bacillus licheniformis supplemented treatment.
Comparison of moisture content, protein content, fat content and amino acid content between the control group and Bacillus licheniformis treated groups. C0: control B1: 1 ml Bacillus licheniformis supplemented treatment; B2: 2 ml Bacillus licheniformis supplemented treatment; %: the percent of dry matter.
Comparison of meat colour, flavour, juiciness, aroma strength, and texture of chicken breast fillet between the control group and Bacillus licheniformis treated groups. Each column represents the mean of 15 observations; meat colour, flavour, juiciness, aroma strength, and texture were assessed by the sensory panel using a hedonic (1 to 9) scale where the meat colour ranged from extremely light to extremely dark, flavour from extremely unpleasant to extremely enjoyable, juiciness from extremely dry to extremely juicy, aroma strength from very weak to very strong, and texture from extremely gooey to extremely smooth. Error bars represent standard deviations (n = 15).
Composition of the basal diet
(d 0 to 21)
(d 22 to 42)
Composition (g/kg)
Maize 535.3 588.6
Soybean meal 355.2 315.3
Fish meal 39.9 36.3
Vegetable oil 35.2 30.2
limestone 15.2 12.7
Salt 3.0 3.0
Monocalcium phosphate 9.2 7.8
Vitamin premixa 2.0 2.0
Mineral premixb 2.0 2.0
DL-methionine 1.5 1.0
L-lysine 1.0 0.6
Choline chloride 0.5 0.5
Calculated chemical composition (g/kg wet weight)
ME (MJ/kg) 12.9 12.8
Dry matter 88.9 88.7
Crude protein 221.6 206.3
Lysine 11.2 9.5
Methionine+cystine 8.5 7.6
Calcium 10.2 8.7
Total phosphorus 6.9 6.3
a The vitamin premix supplied the following per kilogram of diet: vitamin A, 9,800 IU; vitamin D3, 2,200 IU; vitamin E, 40 IU; vitamin K3, 2 mg; thiamine, 1 mg; riboflavin, 7 mg; pyridoxine, 6 mg; vitamin B12, 0.035 mg; nicotinic acid, 50 mg; pantothenic acid, 15 mg; folic acid, 1.5 mg; biotin, 0.15 mg.
b The mineral premix supplied the following per kilogram of diet: Fe, 70 mg; Cu, 9 mg; Mn, 90 mg; Zn, 60 mg; Se, 0.16 mg; and I, 0.5 mg.
Weekly body weight means of broiler fed on ration containing different concentration of probiotics
Age in wk
Daily weight gain of cocks treatment groups (g)
Daily weight gain of hens treatment groups (g)
0–1 20.26±0.250 a 20.69±0.251 a 23.38±0.249 b 21.42±0.249 a 19.96±0.250 b 21.03±0.249 a
1–2 30.81±0.585 a 35.46±0.592 b 32.90±0.587 c 28.49±0.490 a 31.50±0.485 b 35.57±0.491 c
2–3 73.41±0.802 a 68.40±0.795 b 81.36±0.784 c 58.07±0.691 a 57.17±0.701 a 55.87±0.690 a
3–4 94.87±0.899 a 82.08±0.893 b 94.23±0.872 a 68.41±0.838 a 76.25±0.825 b 74.37±0.840 b
4–5 93.76±1.540 a 105.62±1.554 b 106.90±1.519 b 74.89±1.286 a 66.04±1.271 b 98.80±1.294 c
5–6 82.38±1.927 a 109.00±1.931 b 84.71±1.975 a 75.00±1.984 a 83.52±1.973 b 74.30±1.953 a
0–3 41.49±0.523 a 41.52±0.532 a 45.88±0.531 b 36.00±0.459 a 36.21±0.459 a 37.49±0.463 a
3–6 90.34±1.318 a 98.90±1.274 b 95.28±1.316 b 72.77±0.977 a 75.27±0.970 a 82.49±0.998 b
1 B1 = 1 ml Bacillus licheniformis supplemented treatment; B2 = 2 ml Bacillus licheniformis supplemented treatment.
Feed conversion ratios of chickens fed on rations containing different concentration of probiotics
Feed conversion ratio of treatment groups (g)
0–3 1.61±0.022 a 1.60±0.022 a 1.58±0.022 a
3–6 1.91±0.023 a 1.77±0.023 b 1.80±0.023 b
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Tannock GW. 1999. What we know and need to know. Biotechnol Adv 17:691–693.
Timmerman HM, Veldman A, van den Elsen E, Rombouts FM, Beynen AC. 2006. Mortality and growth performance of broilers given drinking water supplemented with chicken-specific probiotics. Poult Sci 85:1383–1388.
Tomasik PJ, Tomasik P. 2003. Probiotics and prebiotics. Cereal Chem 80:113–117.
Tortuero F. 1973. Influence of the implantation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in chicks on the growth, feed conversion, malabsorption of fats syndrome and intestinal flora. Poult Sci 52:197–203.
Zulkifli I, Abdullah N, Azrin NM, Ho YW. 2000. Growth performance and immune response of two commercial broiler strains fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures and oxytetracycline under heat stress conditions. Br Poult Sci 41:593–597.
31	Crossref
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Growth performance and health of nursing lambs supplemented with inulin and Lactobacillus casei2019 August;32(8)
Growth performance, carcass and meat quality of lambs supplemented different vegetable oils2019 June;32(6)
Growth Performance, Meat Yield, Oxidative Stability, and Fatty Acid Composition of Meat from Broilers Fed Diets Supplemented with a Medicinal Plant and Probiotics2012 August;25(8)
Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality in Broilers, Fed Flaxseed Meal2011 December;24(12)
Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Slower-growing and Fast-growing Chickens Raised with and without Outdoor Access2011 October;24(10)


There are so many accidents which are caused by people's negligence. It is a humiliating experience when one suffers an injury from such accidents. A person, including his family, is left devastated as a result. It is in this concern, that one should seek assistance from a relevant attorney, to instruct him on the legal process, in order he can be compensated for damages. There are different legal firms which are available to help in legal matters concerning the same.
The Medler Law Firm, LLC, is one of these firms. It has been in this industry for the last fifty years. The firm concentrates on helping residents of St. Louis and also the nearby communities. It assists them to cope with issues of injuries and any other losses by directing them on legal steps. Some of the areas the firm has experience on include death cases and personal injuries. There are those accidents that are catastrophic. In such cases, one needs to have a personal injury lawyer. This lawyer must be skilful and experienced enough to represent you in a court, especially if negotiations fail.
The firm strongly believes in representing its clients especially if they have been subjected to grievous injuries through negligence. Due to the effects of such injuries at a personal level, the firm provides tools that one can use to cope with financial, emotional and physical losses.
In addition, the competence of the attorneys in Medler Law Firm can be questioned. They possess enough knowledge and skill in legal matters. Therefore, one can be sure of proper representation in court on any type of accident or even an injury. These include personal injury claims which are associated with auto accidents, medical malpractice or class action law suits. It also involves premises liability, utility pole accidents, machinery accidents or workers' compensation cases.
It should however be noted that any of these cases have the ability of being so complex, which can bring a lot of obstacles to be overcome by a victim. This is where the help of an attorney is needed. In most cases, civil trials are handled by a judge in a bench trial, but some can be conducted through jury trial. A judge who is responsible of finding the facts about a case is appointed by a bench trial. He is also required to make conclusions of law.
The justice system is there to guide in finding solutions of different problems in the society. However, at the same time, there are sometimes mistakes done in application of justice in a given case. In such cases, one may request a retrial for his case. The firm, on behalf of a victim, who feels that he has been unfairly treated, requests a retrial. This is usually the case if there is an error in delivering justice or if one was not well represented in a previous trial. The goal of the firm is to make sure that it maximizes one's settlement through extensive investigation and research into the cause of an accident in order to expose all negligible players.


Winter Drum Line(WDL) is a continuation of the Marching Band Percussion Section. The WDL is comprised of Marching Band Percussionists who participate voluntarily. The group creates a 2-3 minute show to be performed at District Tournament and State Tournament Basketball games. There are a limited number of competitions for this group.
The Winter Drum Line recently competed at the 2017 NNIA Competition at Damonte Ranch High School in Reno Nevada.


The industrial revolution marked a huge change in history; the beginning of an exciting journey into an era filled with growth. This new era meant change, change in how things were manufactured, and the speed at which they were completed. Every aspect of life would change and improve as hand production moved to machine production increasing productivity and efficiency. The transition from hand production to machine began in Great Britain, and over a few decades made its way to the United States. This move boasted an improvement in water power, the increase in steam powered production, and the creation of machine tools.
When pondering over this time period, the 18th and 19th century's images of large machines operated by steam may come to mind. Large, bulky and metal might be a few adjectives that could describe this era, but not words such as beautiful, unique, full of ambiance and creativity. Though one may not consider the industrial age to be a thing of beauty, one's opinion may change upon entering Boulton & Watt in Manhattan, NYC.
This historic Manhattan building has been home to several industrial businesses over the decades, but now it is home to a restaurant that honors and beautifies the industrial era – Boulton & Watt.
This sign is a beacon to those who love amazing food and want to be wowed by their surroundings while they eat. Boulton & Watt will give them both.
Boulton & Watt is a restaurant full of history and charm that can be found on a prominent East Village corner in Manhattan New York. The history behind the building in which Boulton & Watt resides dates back to the 19th century when the industrial revolution was making its mark in history. Before Boulton & Watt took over occupancy, the building was once known as the neighborhoods working factory and engine repair shop. Love and gratitude for this remarkable era is obvious to guests upon entrance to the restaurant. The rich history of the industrial era was carefully kept intact by the creative minds at Emporium Design.
Emporium Design prides themselves on being a forward thinking design-build firm that specializes in creating unique spaces that complement the mind, ideals, and heart of each of their clients. Those looking to hire a design team that is not bound by in-the-box thinking are drawn to the Emporium Design firm. The goal of this company is to help create a lasting impression for everyone who enters one of their client's buildings, and that is true of those who walk into Boulton & Watt.
The image is the perfect complement to the wood and steel footrest stools, and various machine base table legs Olde Good Things provided for this design/build project.
The wall art is 'geared' towards the theme.
Walking into Boulton & Watt is like taking a trip into the past. The Emporium Design Firm wanted to preserve this building's deep and prolific history, and so they designed the restaurant's theme around the look, feel and history of the building. In order to achieve a complete industrial feel the Emporium Design team needed a little help. They had the ideas, the dreams, and the vision, but they also needed the design elements and materials to bring those dreams to life. We are one of the largest architectural antique dealers in the country specializing in historical artifacts from the nineteenth century and the pre-depression era. This makes us a popular choice for design projects such as the amazing design and build of Boulton & Watt. Part of the unique experience of eating at Boulton & Watt is sitting amongst, and literally on, history; history that has been gathered and displayed beautifully thanks to the keen eye of those that work for us, and the effort they place in locating and repurposing all kinds of antique items.
The bar is where everyone seems to gather, and when that bar is in Boulton & Watt, it's easy to see why; the distressed mirrored glass, and the gears that turn an Olde Good Things salvaged ceiling fan add a taste of the Machine Age.
Industrial, adjustable singer stools are just one of the reclaimed items from Olde Good Things that can be found in Boulton & Watt. Wood and steel footrests compliment a uniquely fashioned table designed and put together from various machines that are true to the era being honored. Throughout the restaurant one can see little touches salvaged by Olde Good Things such as the glass behind the bar, which boasts a lovely distressed mirror and helps add a dash of industrial flavor from an earlier time period. The Emporium Design team left no space untouched by history, to be true to the restaurant theme.
… to turn a large salvaged ceiling fan.
These mint green urinals are one of the quirkiest things Olde Good Things has salvaged. Not only do they have practical use, they are pleasing to the eye.
Doorknobs, decorative iron, mantels and even salvaged urinals are just part of the unique items OGT has reclaimed and repurposed; when the designers at Emporium Design needed to complete the look and feel of the bathroom at this industrial themed eatery they knew they would find what they were looking for at Olde Good Things. To truly accomplish a task as grand as an industrial themed eatery, it takes multiple individuals, teams, and specialist, to pull off such a feat; the people at Emporium Design and Olde Good Things accomplished their goal beautifully. Those that have the unique privilege of eating at Boulton & Watt would all agree that the atmosphere and décor reminds them of an exciting time in America's history.


text:
Q: Android Upload image using MultipartEntity using GDK Iam developing a appliction for google glass using GDK and Im trying to upload my captured image using MultiPartEntity but i could not get it work for some reason i can't figure out because its not returning any error. As of now this is where I am.
Java
String picturePath = data.getStringExtra(Intents.EXTRA_PICTURE_FILE_PATH);
final File pictureFile = new File(picturePath);

HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("SERVER PATH");

try {
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    MultipartEntity entity = new MultipartEntity();

    entity.addPart("type", new StringBody("photo"));
    entity.addPart("data", new FileBody(pictureFile));
    httppost.setEntity(entity);
    HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
    } catch (IOException e) {
    }

PHP CODE:

$response = array();
$file_upload_url = 'UPLOAD PATH';

if (isset($_FILES['image']['name'])) {
$target_path = $target_path . basename($_FILES['image']['name']);

$email = isset($_POST['email']) ? $_POST['email'] : '';
$website = isset($_POST['website']) ? $_POST['website'] : '';

$response['file_name'] = basename($_FILES['image']['name']);
$response['email'] = $email;
$response['website'] = $website;

try {
    // Throws exception incase file is not being moved
    if (!move_uploaded_file($_FILES['image']['tmp_name'], $target_path)) {
        // make error flag true
        $response['error'] = true;
        $response['message'] = 'Could not move the file!';
    }

    // File successfully uploaded
    $response['message'] = 'File uploaded successfully!';
    $response['error'] = false;
    $response['file_path'] = $file_upload_url . basename($_FILES['image']['name']);
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // Exception occurred. Make error flag true
    $response['error'] = true;
    $response['message'] = $e->getMessage();
}
} else {
// File parameter is missing
$response['error'] = true;
$response['message'] = 'Not received any file!';
}

echo json_encode($response);
?>

Any help would be much appreciated.

A: That's my code. it's working for me. You can send parameters and files with a progress bar using this code.
public class SendFile extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Integer> {

    private Context conT;
    private ProgressDialog dialog;
    private String SendUrl = "";
    private String SendFile = "";
    private String Parameters = "";
    private String result;
    public File file;

    SendFile(Context activity, String url, String filePath, String values) {
        conT = activity;
        dialog = new ProgressDialog(conT);
        SendUrl = url;
        SendFile = filePath;
        Parameters = Values;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPreExecute() {
        file = new File(SendFile);
        dialog.setMessage("Please Wait..");
        dialog.setCancelable(false);
        dialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
        dialog.setMax((int) file.length());
        dialog.show();
    }

    @Override
    protected Integer doInBackground(String... params) {
        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
        DataOutputStream outputStream = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        String twoHyphens = "--";
        String boundary = "*****"
                + Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis()) + "*****";
        String lineEnd = "\r\n";

        int bytesRead, bytesAvailable, bufferSize;
        byte[] buffer;
        int maxBufferSize = 1 * 512;

        String[] q = SendFile.split("/");
        int idx = q.length - 1;
        try {

            FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);

            URL url = new URL(SendUrl);
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            connection.setUseCaches(false);

            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent",
                    "Android Multipart HTTP Client 1.0");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
                    "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);

            outputStream = new DataOutputStream(
                    connection.getOutputStream());
            outputStream.writeBytes(twoHyphens + boundary + lineEnd);
            outputStream
                    .writeBytes("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=dosya; filename=\""
                            + q[idx] + "\"" + lineEnd);
            outputStream.writeBytes("Content-Type: image/jpg" + lineEnd);
            outputStream.writeBytes("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary"
                    + lineEnd);
            outputStream.writeBytes(lineEnd);

            bytesAvailable = fileInputStream.available();
            bufferSize = Math.min(bytesAvailable, maxBufferSize);
            buffer = new byte[bufferSize];

            bytesRead = fileInputStream.read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);
            int boyut = 0;
            while (bytesRead > 0) {
                boyut += bytesRead;
                outputStream.write(buffer, 0, bufferSize);
                bytesAvailable = fileInputStream.available();
                bufferSize = Math.min(bytesAvailable, maxBufferSize);
                bytesRead = fileInputStream.read(buffer, 0, bufferSize);
                dialog.setProgress(boyut);
            }

            outputStream.writeBytes(lineEnd);

            String[] posts = Bilgiler.split("&");
            int max = posts.length;
            for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
                outputStream.writeBytes(twoHyphens + boundary + lineEnd);
                String[] kv = posts[i].split("=");
                outputStream
                        .writeBytes("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\""
                                + kv[0] + "\"" + lineEnd);
                outputStream.writeBytes("Content-Type: text/plain"
                        + lineEnd);
                outputStream.writeBytes(lineEnd);
                outputStream.writeBytes(kv[1]);
                outputStream.writeBytes(lineEnd);
            }

            outputStream.writeBytes(twoHyphens + boundary + twoHyphens
                    + lineEnd);
            inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
            result = this.convertStreamToString(inputStream);
            Log.v("TAG","result:"+result);
            fileInputStream.close();
            inputStream.close();
            outputStream.flush();
            outputStream.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {

        }

        return null;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
        dialog.setProgress(progress[0]);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Integer result1) {
        dialog.dismiss();
    };

    private String convertStreamToString(InputStream is) {
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(is));
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        String line = null;
        try {
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(line);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

and if you are sending to PHP you can use this
<?php
     $file_path = "test/";
     $username= $_POST["username"];
     $password= $_POST["password"];
     $file_path = $file_path . basename( $_FILES['uploaded_file']['name']);
     if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['uploaded_file']['tmp_name'], $file_path)) {
         echo "success";
     } else{
         echo "fail";
     }

?>

Edit - 2:
you can call this AsyncTask like :
        String FormData = "username=" + Session.getUsername()
                + "&password=" + Session.getPassword() ;
        SendFile SendIt= new SendFile(this, upLoadServerUri, filePath,FormData);
        SendIt.execute();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
AllahpunditPosted at 10:31 pm on October 22, 2014
Witnesses said the soldier was gunned down by a man dressed all in black with a scarf over his face.
"I looked out the window and saw a shooter, a man dressed all in black with a kerchief over his nose and mouth and something over his head as well, holding a rifle and shooting an honor guard in front of the cenotaph point-blank, twice," Tony Zobl, 35, told the Canadian Press news agency.
Zobl said he witnessed the incident from his fourth-floor window directly above the National War Memorial, a 70-foot, arched granite cenotaph, or tomb, with bronze sculptures commemorating World War I.
"The honor guard dropped to the ground, and the shooter kind of raised his arms in triumph holding the rifle," Zobl said.
Specifically, [Couture-Rouleau] may have been responding to a September request by ISIS's English-speaking spokesman to "kill a disbelieving American or European … or an Australian, or a Canadian … and kill him in any manner or way however it may be."…
As the beige sedan tore toward the group just as they stepped off the sidewalk, an unidentified woman in the trio was able to jump clear, Quebec media report.
The brunt of the collision was taken by Warrant Officer Patrice Vincent, a 28-year CF veteran who died of his injuries Tuesday. A second victim, who was not in uniform, was less severely hurt and remains in stable condition in hospital…
But as shocked bystanders dialed 911, the fleeing Mr. Rouleau did the same.
In the opening seconds of his attempted escape, the SQ has confirmed, he called a 911 dispatcher to claim responsibility for the attack and boast he had done it "in the name of Allah."
As a result of attacks Wednesday and Monday against soldiers in Ottawa and Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Que., Armed Forces personnel in Quebec have been ordered not to wear their uniforms in public unless they are conducting operations or commuting to work by car…
With two incidents in three days targeting uniformed military personnel, the military command is calling for increased vigilance from its members…
Warrant Officer Patrice Vincent was killed Monday when a radicalized convert to Islam drove into him with his car. A solider guarding the National War Memorial in Ottawa was shot by a gunman Wednesday morning and died of his injuries.
This is Canada's first trial by fire of this type in a long time. We've fought in wars abroad and had terrorism at home, but this is something else. Though, at press time, the identity and motive of the attackers is not yet known, the profile of the attack certainly fits the pattern we have seen all over the world. Someone has just sent us a statement intended to shock and horrify us. And while we are all certainly shocked, we have not been cowed. Oct. 22 will be a day of infamy in our history books, but it's also a day that we can be proud of. When our seat of government was attacked, we fought back, and fought well…
[O]n the whole, things worked. When our capital city was attacked, police officers, soldiers and security guards stayed calm and focused. The seat of government was defended and the threat eliminated. Members of Parliament calmly took shelter and stayed out of the way. The media did their jobs and kept us informed. And, as shown by an incredible picture taken after a Canadian soldier was gunned down at the War Memorial, everyday citizens joined with soldiers and first responders in (tragically unsuccessful) effort to keep that soldier alive.
Wednesday was a terrible day. There will be more hard days to come. But Canadians can be proud of themselves, their government and especially their military and first responders. They just had their trial by fire. They passed.
Tags: Canada ISIS jihad Obama ottawa parliament shooting terror zehaf-bibeau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


All concerts are free and open to the public. Bring a bag lunch, we will provide punch and coffee.
Sat, Apr 27 (Raindate May 2) 8:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m.
Over 30 vendors, church-sponsored book sale, lunch counter, & bake sale.
Mon, July 29 - Fri, August 2 5:30 p.m. - 8:30 p.m.
Share with us our liturgy and music, and be a part of our family. At Grace, the presence, sounds and activities of children are expected and welcome in our services. We do offer an unstaffed Nursery close to the Sanctuary for children through age three during the service, if you prefer. We have a wide variety of activities for all ages. You are invited to join us for any of our special events or for Church this Sunday. Be a part of Grace. Our light is always on … and we will be saving a place for you!


text:
Boodle & Dunthorne
Boodle & Dunthorne, 1 Sloane Street, Knightsbridge, London SW1X 9LA
Mon-Sat: 10am-6pm; Sun: closed
All The Best Art Galleries Business Faculties Conference Facilities Event Organisers Exhibition Centres New Hotels Venue Hire
Mandarin Oriental Hyde Park
London > Business > Venue Hire
66 Knightsbridge, Hyde Park, London SW1X | 1 minute from Boodle & Dunthorne
The Lanesborough London
Hyde Park Corner, Westminster, Belgravia, London SW1X | 7 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Capturing the style of an exquisite early 19th-century residence, this esteemed establishment is wonderfully elegant and upmarket. Offering an exclusive personalised service, every guest... More
54 Park Lane, Mayfair, London W1K | 10 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
One of the most famous hotels in England, The Dorchester is a stunning Art Deco curve, overlooking the expanses of the Royal Parks. This is... More
Victoria and Albert (V & A) Museum
Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 | 12 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Conference facilities can accommodate for up to 2450 people.... More
Royal Geographical Society
1 Kensington Gore, South Kensington, London SW7 | 12 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Conference facilities can accomodate for up to 1034 people.... More
Thomas Cubitt
44 Elizabeth St, Belgravia, Victoria, London SW1W | 13 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Dartmouth House (English-Speaking Union)
37 Charles Street, The English-Speaking Union - Dartmouth House, Mayfair, Mayfair, London W1J | 14 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Kensington Gore, South Kensington, London SW7 | 14 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
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Dana Library and Research Centre
London > Business
Science Museum, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 | 14 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Open in late 2015, the Dana Library and Research Centre provides a world-class environment for academic research within the Science Museum, bringing together the museum's... More
Imperial College Business School (previously Tanaka Businesss School)
London > Business > Business Faculties
Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 | 15 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Imperial College is the leading scientific university in Europe and its Business School, situated in a beautiful new building on Exhibition Road, is also at... More
The Great Hall, Imperial College
South Kensington Campus, South Kensington, London SW7 | 15 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
One of London's largest academic venues, the Imperial College London has a portfolio of more than 200 meeting and seminar rooms. Its largest conference room,... More
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The Natural History Museum is sure to impress even the most jaded of children. This ornate museum is home to more than 70 million specimens... More
The Gore Hotel
190 Queen's Gate, Kensington, South Kensington, London SW7 | 16 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
The May Fair
Stratton Street, Mayfair, London W1J | 16 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
One Mayfair
13A North Audley Street, W1K | 17 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Built in 1825, One Mayfair opened in 2009 and quickly became one of London's hottest venue hire destinations. The Grade I listed building... More
Baden Powell House
London > Business > Conference Facilities
Baden-Powell House Queen's Gate, South Kensington, London SW7 | 18 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
This building, opened in 1961, is a living memorial to Baden-Powell as it was originally paid for by scouts around the world. Outside the building... More
The Ritz Hotel
150 Piccadilly, St James's, London W1J | 18 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
World famous luxury hotel, right on Piccadilly, with a roof terrace looking across Green Park. The fine food (particularly the Afternoon Tea) at the Ritz... More
27 St James's Place, St James's, London SW1A | 18 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Spencer family's 18th London residence. The ancestral home of Diana, Princess of Wales, the Spencer family hasn't lived in this, their London residence, since 1926.... More
Dover Street Restaurant and Bar
8-10 Dover Street, Mayfair, Mayfair, London W1S | 18 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
This long established night spot in Mayfair's Dover Street has been providing Londoners with a sophisticated setting to enjoy food, drink and live entertainment for... More
Claridge's
Brook Street, Mayfair, Mayfair, London W1K | 18 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Royal Hospital Chelsea
Royal Hospital Road, Chelsea, London SW3 | 19 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Built by Sir Christopher Wren 1682-1692, the Grade I-listed Royal Hospital Chelsea was intended by King Charles II to be a home for soldiers who... More
Westminster Cathedral Hall
Ambrosden Avenue, Westminster, London SW1P | 20 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Part of Westminster Cathedral and designed by the same architect, John Francis Bentley, Westminster Cathedral Hall is a lovely 20th century hall originally... More
Burlington House, Piccadilly, Mayfair, London W1J | 20 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Lord Burlington's spectacular London palace is home to the Royal Academy of Arts, a set of galleries that houses the country's premier art school and... More
Royal Horticultural Halls
London > Business > Exhibition Centres
80 Vincent Square, Westminster, London SW1P | 20 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
The architecturally unique Royal Horticultural Halls boasts two halls and a conference centre. Lindley Hall overlooking leafy Vincent Square is a popular venue for corporate... More
Royal Hospital Road, Chelsea, Chelsea, London SW3 | 20 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
With ten, widely different and uniquely versatile rooms, the National Army Museum can help you hold your event, your way. Plan your party in Victorian... More
195 Piccadilly (BAFTA)
The home of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) is also available to hire for your own event. The iconic building at... More
The Wallace Collection
Hertford House, Manchester Square, Marylebone, London W1U | 23 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Chelsea Physic Garden
66 Royal Hospital Road, Chelsea, Chelsea, London SW3 | 23 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
The largest fruiting olive tree in Britain and the world's northern-most outdoor grapefruit tree call the historic Chelsea Physic Gardens home. Hidden behind towering brick... More
Kensington Gardens, Kensington, London W8 | 24 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Near Boodle & Dunthorne	 All London hotels
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Food: Bigger than the Plate
Exhibitions | Until 20th October 2019
Victoria and Albert (V & A) Museum 12 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Take a sensory journey through the food cycle, from compost to table, at a V&A exhibition which explores current experiments ...More
Exhibitions | Until 16th February 2020
Following on from Christian Dior and Balenciaga, both the subject of fashion forward V&A exhibitions, the spotlight falls on a ...More
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Serpentine Pavilion 2019: Junya Ishigami
Exhibitions | Until 6th October 2019
Serpentine Gallery 13 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Like a giant armadillo, the Serpentine Pavilion for 2019, by Japanese architect Junya Ishigami, sits on the gallery's front lawn, ...More
Atelier E.B: Passer-by
Exhibitions | Until 6th January 2020
Serpentine Sackler Gallery 13 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
The collaborative fashion label led by designer Beca Lipscombe and artist Lucy McKenzie presents a bespoke collection alongside a display ...More
Summer at Eccleston Yards
Eccleston Yards 14 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Eccleston Yards, a new creative and co-working hub with an outdoor courtyard, five minutes' walk from Victoria station, hosts a ...More
Science Museum 14 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
The Science Museum celebrates the history of human space exploration with its special five-month festival, Summer of Space. Coinciding with ...More
Exhibitions | Until 1st October 2020
With continuous development of new technology, the concept of a robot-driven society is getting closer and closer. But just how ...More
Summer in the Square
Seasonal | Until 21st July 2019
Grosvenor Square 15 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
For three weeks this July, Grosvenor Square will be transformed into a hub of free activity for the annual Summer ...More
Exhibitions | Until 8th September 2019
Natural History Museum 15 minutes walk from Boodle & Dunthorne
Displayed in the Natural History Museum's Jerwood Gallery, and timed to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the Apollo 11 ...More
From cheap budget accommodation to luxury 5 star hotels see our discounts for Boodle & Dunthorne hotels, including Grange White Hall Hotel London from 58% off.
Shops near Boodle & Dunthorne
http://LondonTown.com/S/d_ZkiKEOh


text:
CSR & Sustainability
devcast…
Hintel - recruitment outsourcing
UK Multifamily Salary Guide 2023
Timesheet portal
Hopkins Homes
Do you want to sell award winning homes across East Anglia?
Hopkins Homes is an award winning house builder which traverses the North Norfolk coast to the Essex countryside, with their developments spanning across all East Anglia.
Since James Hopkins' and David Moore's first project, the renovation of a Halesworth cottage in 1985, Hopkins Homes have been defined by attention to detail and craft. Today, the Hopkins Group is the largest privately owned housebuilder in East Anglia, creating exceptional new-build homes in beautiful locations.
The company has recently been acquired by Terra Firma which the company's Head of Sales & Marketing, Nicola Bullivant, has described as an incredibly exciting time of growth and development for the business and its people.
Why choose Hopkins Homes?
Hopkin Homes are East Anglia's market leading house builder accumulating a total of 69 awards and accolades.
The layout and design of every Hopkins Homes development is sensitive to the unique local character of each location. From the countryside to the city, from apartments to detached properties, our new-build homes are both sympathetically considered and beautifully built to leave a legacy to be proud of.
The company provides an incredibly friendly and supportive environment.
Due to the recent acquisition by Terra Firma, Hopkins Homes will be experiencing a period of growth which will offer further opportunities for increasing in size which will offer growth and progression for all employees as well as a more progressive place of work.
Hopkins Homes are looking to hire passionate and knowledgeable people who aren't afraid to speak up, bring new ideas to the business and help shape the future of the brand.
Hopkins Homes don't just work in East Anglia, we live in East Anglia, so we feel more obliged and committed to get it right. To us, this doesn't just mean building beautiful properties, it means creating beautiful communities, where each Hopkins home feels like part of the surrounding environment.
The foundation of Hopkins Homes is based on a commitment to excellent design and quality which reflects the tradition and character of each individual site. Hopkins Homes has grown significantly over the years to become the largest independent property developer in East Anglia, providing homes throughout Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire and Essex.
Hopkins Homes is immensely proud of the significant contribution they have made to the regional and wider economy through creating jobs and providing exceptional new homes.
As a team they take enormous pride in what they do, the legacies they create and the positive contribution they make to the communities in which they live and work
About your new team
The sales team is led by Group Sales & Marketing Director, Monika Hanlon, and Head of Sales & Marketing, Nicola Bullivant. They manage around 30 live developments with the support of Field Sales Managers who operate the day-to-day of five sites each.
Hopkins Homes is currently seeking one world-class professional to join their team as a Sales Consultant in Cambrdgeshire. The hiring team are looking for like-minded individuals who can support the brand through this exciting state of transition. View the candidate pack below.
The account manager
Sophie Whitelock
If you're keen to learn more about Hopkins Homes, we'd love to hear from you.
Hopkins Homes have ambitious growth plans to build their team. To be considered for future opportunities you can submit your CV via the form below or use the contact details to get in touch.
E: sophie.whitelock@deverellsmith.com | T: 07487 669 536
Candidate overview
Temporary, interim & contract recruitment
New Homes, Estate Agency & Mortgage
Head Office & Business Support
Investment, Development & Construction
Real Estate Management, Operations & Service Delivery
Cannon Green, 1 Suffolk Lane London EC4R 0AX
© deverellsmith 2023
Website by Volcanic


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U.S. Drought Impacts, Water Security, the Coming Western US Fire Season and GHG Emissions - Urgent Concerns
This week's rain is not expected to break California's drought, and will continue to capture news headlines.
U.S. and global drought is a major concern, especially as we enter the Northern Hemisphere growing season.
As the San Francisco Gate reports:
"Despite this week's forecast, the weather systems are unlikely to make a significant dent in the state's water deficit. Even if San Francisco gets 2 inches over the coming days - an optimistic projection - the city will still be at 50 percent of average rainfall for this time of year, Benjamin said.
"It all goes in the plus column," he said. "But it is still far outweighed by the negative column."
The Sierra snowpack - often referred to as the state's largest reservoir - has just 23 percent of the moisture content that is normal for this time of year, said Ted Thomas, a spokesman for the California Department of Water Resources. The next measurement of the snowpack is scheduled for Thursday." Source: http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Rain-and-snow-coming-but-won-t-snap-drought-5266135.php
The four following images illustrate the current U.S. drought problem.
Currently much of the U.S. is suffering from longer term precipitation shortfalls. Some areas have not yet recovered from the 2012 drought. First is the U.S. 180 day precipitation departure from the norm from Feb 26, 2014:
The most severe winter precipitation shortfalls, some over 20 inches, are clustered along the West Coast, reflecting a practically non-existent winter rain/snow season. Yet further significant shortfalls are also apparent in the south central and southeastern U.S.
NBC News states the following statistics for major California metropolitan areas:
5.85 inches: The amount of rain the that San Francisco has received since July 2013, only 35 percent of its usual quota for the time of year.
9.52 inches: The rain deficit of the Los Angeles region, which received 0.23 inches so far this month.
When viewed as percent of normal, the impacts are more standardized and are more apparent across the US, drawing attention to the gap in precipitation and resulting lack of soil moisture as the US approaches its growing season:
"This recent dry spell accentuates a continuing background condition of prevailing drought across much of the Southwestern US, notes Christopher Williams, a specialist in US drought conditions and an assistant professor at Clark University's Graduate School of Geography in Worcester, Mass.
Precipitation is below 20 percent of normal and signs of the drought impact run across the region, including low river flows, low snow packs, low reservoir levels, and out-of-season wildfires.
"Wintertime shortages are particularly worrisome," adds Mr. Williams via e-mail, "because winter is a key time of year for building up water supplies that carry the West through the rest of the year." What is worse, he says, "shortfalls extend well beyond the state of California itself, reaching nearly all of the remote regions on which the California water supply network relies, particularly the Colorado River Basin." Source: http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2014/0121/California-drought-Scientists-puzzled-by-persistence-of-blocking-ridge-video
The current drought severity is more clearly portrayed in last week's US Drought Monitor map:
What this map depicts is the severity of drought across the U.S. with areas such as Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas and Nebraska - some states still in long term drought since 2012. The current soil moisture shortfalls will only be made up by increased snow packs, rainfall in the spring season, or pumping ground water, which is dramatically decreasing aquifer levels in some states.
According to NBC News, its been 434 years since a drought this bad hit California. A paleoclimatologist at UC Berkeley who tracks long-term climate patterns by counting tree rings reckons the region hasn't been this dry since the year 1580.
The larger concern is that this is not just a California problem, the entire Southwest is suffering form increasing water restrictions as the Colorado River flow drops and major reservoirs decline.
As detailed in a January 5, 2014 article:
"LAKE MEAD, Nev. — The sinuous Colorado River and its slew of man-made reservoirs from the Rockies to southern Arizona are being sapped by 14 years of drought nearly unrivaled in 1,250 years.
"Reclamation officials say there is a 50-50 chance that by 2015, Lake Mead's water will be rationed to states downstream. That, too, has never happened before.
"If Lake Mead goes below elevation 1,000" — 1,000 feet above sea level — "we lose any capacity to pump water to serve the municipal needs of seven in 10 people in the state of Nevada," said John Entsminger, the senior deputy general manager of the Southern Nevada Water Authority.
"There is no planning for a continuation of the drought we've had," said one expert on the Colorado's woes, who asked not to be identified to preserve his relationship with state officials. "There's always been within the current planning an embedded hope that somehow, things would return to something more like normal."
"Unfortunately, the Colorado during most of Lake Mead's 78-year history was not normal at all.
"Studies now show that the 20th century was one of the three wettest of the last 13 centuries in the Colorado basin. On average, the Colorado's flow over that period was actually 15 percent lower than in the 1900s. And most experts agree that the basin will get even drier: A brace of global-warming studies concludes that rising temperatures will reduce the Colorado's average flow after 2050 by five to 35 percent, even if rainfall remains the same — and most of those studies predict that rains will diminish.
"Lake Mead currently stands about 1,106 feet above sea level, and is expected to drop 20 feet in 2014. A continued decline would introduce a new set of problems: At 1,075 feet, rationing begins; at 1,050 feet, a more drastic rationing regime kicks in, and the uppermost water intake for Las Vegas shuts down. At 1,025 feet, rationing grows more draconian; at 1,000 feet, a second Las Vegas intake runs dry.
Lake Powell is another story. There, a 100-foot drop would shut down generators that supply enough electricity to power 350,000 homes.
""We can't depend on history to project the future anymore," Carly Jerla, a geological hydrologist and the reclamation bureau's Colorado River expert, said in an interview. The drought could end tomorrow, she said — or it could drag on for seven more years."
Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/06/us/colorado-river-drought-forces-a-painful-reckoning-for-states.html?_r=0
Immediate Drought Impacts
Agricultural impacts are already being felt in the US and may increase if the precipitation pattern does not change. The U.S. government has already declared significant areas of the Western U.S., as agricultural disaster areas, as depicted in the FSA Disaster Declaration map for February 26, 2014:
Source: http://www.fsa.usda.gov/Internet/FSA_File/disaster_map_cropyr_14.pdf
Despite this agricultural situation, neither California nor the US government are allocating water to agriculture this year in California.
According to the BBC, California's water agency has announced it may for the first time be unable to deliver water to local agencies, amid a worsening drought and has proclaimed a "zero allocation" for this water year. Two-thirds of state residents and 1m acres (404,500 hectares) of farmland get part or all of their drinking and irrigation supplies from the agency.
Tim Quinn, executive director of the Association of California Water Agencies, was quoted in a recent New York Times article as saying, "I have experienced a really long career in this area, and my worry meter has never been this high,"
"We are talking historical drought conditions, no supplies of water in many parts of the state. My industry's job is to try to make sure that these kind of things never happen. And they are happening."
The U.S. Government has also denied water allocation - primarily used for farming irrigation.
"Central Valley farmers took a crippling blow Friday, February 21, 2014, when U.S. officials made the unprecedented announcement that they would get no irrigation water from the federal government this year because of the drought.
"California's unusually dry weather is forcing producers of fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains to make tough decisions about which crops to plant, and which ones not to plant due to a lack of water, leaving harvests that are likely to fall short of demand.
"A recent estimate by an industry group, the California Farm Water Coalition, suggested that as much as 600,000 acres of land, or about 8 percent of the state's total, could be left fallow in the coming year." Source: http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Drought-Feds-cut-water-to-Central-Valley-farmers-5256131.php
The Fire Season has Already Started
What this sets the stage for is a record fire season.
"We've had nearly 600 wildfires since January 1 in California," said Daniel Berlant, a spokesman for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. "In a normal year that figure would be closer to 150 fires." Source: http://www.cnbc.com/id/101427837
"All the pieces are in place for a really bad season of wildfires," said Malcolm North, a research ecologist with the U.S. Forest Service. "We're likely to set a record for fires this year."
It could be part of a very long fire season, perhaps one that lasts year round.
"In the last four decades, the average fire season has grown by 78 days — more than a fifth of a year. If temperature trends continue, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns, the fire season across Canada, Russia and the United States could expand by another month over the next five decades." Source:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2014/02/14/drought-stricken-california-other-states-prepare-for-landmark-year-in-fires/
Even more concerning is the fact that as global warming continues the fires areas increase at an alarming rate:
"In general, each degree C of global temperature increase can be expected to produce 200-400% increases in the area burned by wildfire in parts of the western United States." Source: http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/materials-based-on-reports/booklets/warming_world_final.pdf
Green House Gas Impacts
As the farmland dries we may have a decrease in methane emissions, but the resulting tree deaths, drought and fires will likely increase CO2 and CH4 release this year in the US.
More on the global drought situation in the next posting and global CO2 and methane emissions.
CNBC: http://www.cnbc.com/id/101427837
BBC News: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-25996522
NBC News: http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/california-drought/will-rain-make-dent-california-drought-numbers-n39376
NWS Advanced Hydrological Prediction Service: http://water.weather.gov/precip/
New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/02/us/severe-drought-has-us-west-fearing-worst.html?_r=0 also, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/06/us/colorado-river-drought-forces-a-painful-reckoning-for-states.html?_r=0
San Francisco Gate: http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Rain-and-snow-coming-but-won-t-snap-drought-5266135.php also, http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Drought-Feds-cut-water-to-Central-Valley-farmers-5256131.php
US National Drought Monitor: http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/
USDA FSA 2014 Disaster Declarations: http://www.fsa.usda.gov/Internet/FSA_File/disaster_map_cropyr_14.pdf
Washington Post: http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2014/02/14/drought-stricken-california-other-states-prepare-for-landmark-year-in-fires/
Thank you for helping people get the information they need. Great stuff as usual. Keep up the great work!!! certification CCSK
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El Campo de fútbol Roscow A. L. Davies (en inglés: Roscow A. L. Davies Soccer Field) es un recinto deportivo ubicado en la ciudad de Nasáu, la capital del país antillano de Bahamas. Actualmente se utiliza sobre todo para los partidos de fútbol y es una parte de la gran Complejo Deportivo de Baillou Hills (Baillou Hills Sporting Complex).

Véase también
 Estadio
 Instalación deportiva
 Fútbol

Referencias

Estadios de fútbol de Nasáu
Estadios de fútbol inaugurados en 2009

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Goals from Gonzalo Higuain and Blaise Matuidi's first at the Allianz Stadium were enough to see Juve win 2-0 over Atalanta and stretch the gap at the top of Serie A to four points.
Here are the talking points behind the Bianconeri's latest home victory before the international break.
Following Juve's 2-0 win, Juve now find themselves with a four-point advantage at the top of the Serie A table, having taken pole position for the first time in the season last weekend. It's now twelve on the spin in the league for the Bianconeri showing their un-relenting style to take back the top spot.
Gonzalo Higuain has now scored eight goals in his last seven matches when he coolly finished Douglas Costa's inch-perfect pass. Not only that but Pipita has made three game-winning assists in his last three, having played in Dybala vs Tottenham and Udinese, and then Matuidi tonight. The Argentine's goal against Atalanta made his eighth in 10 against the Bergamo side.
Blaise Matuidi's goal against Udinese was his first in front of the home fans at Allianz Stadium and his third of the season overall. The Frenchman had previously netted in away trips to Bologna and Hellas Verona before tonight's clinical finish.
The Juventus number 14 sealed the game for Massimiliano Allegri's men in the final 10 minutes when he found himself in space to collect Higuain's pass to fire home.
Matuidi said after the match that it was "magnificent" to open his Allianz Stadium account.
Juventus have won all of their last 12 league games, which is their longest streak since February 2016. In addition, the Bianconeri haven't conceded a goal in the last seven home league games, their longest streak since May 2016.
Finally, the Old Lady have scored in each of their last 12 league games, the longest streak in Serie A.
It was clean sheet number nine in a row in the league for Juve, who are still yet to concede in 2018.
In denying Atalanta, it marked the first time the visitors had failed to score in their last five games, and the first time all season that Atalanta had failed to register even a single shot on target.


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Create a Plan to Make 2023 Your Best Year Yet!
A new approach to making monumental progress in your business and life.
By Freelancers Hub
Tue, Feb 14, 2023, 12:00 PM EST
It's a brand new year and, if you're anything like us, you've got a million ideas about what would make 2023 more fulfilling, joyful, and profitable. Especially after the last 3 years!
Maybe you:
Had a great 2022. If that's you, AWESOME. Let's build on that!
Are feeling pretty good, but know there's room for growth
Are freaked out because last year just flew and you don't feel you progressed as much as you hoped
Wherever you are, it's OK. As long as you're living and breathing, any situation can be enhanced.
If you're looking to create better habits that lead to better outcomes this year, NOW is the perfect time to review where you are and design what's next.
If you're picking up what we're putting down, but have no idea where to start, this workshop is for you! Join, business coach for creative entrepreneurs and ADHD life coach, Justine Clay as she shares a non-traditional goal-setting framework that will help you:
Identify what's meaningful to you
Set values-driven goals that inspire you (and stick!)
Cultivate the mindset, habits, and actions that dramatically improve your results
This will be part brain-dump, part art project, and part collaborative brainstorm. Feel free to set yourself up with all the tea/coffee, water, and chocolate you need to fuel your inspiration and idea generation.
If you're ready to transform an overwhelming amount of ideas into an actionable, flexible plan, sign up for this interactive workshop and let's do this!
About the instructor:
Justine Clay is a speaker, writer, and business coach for creative entrepreneurs and freelancers. Using her actionable Profitable by Design framework, Justine helps established creative professionals, and business owners identify and articulate their unique value, position themselves to high-quality, well-paying clients, and build a fulfilling, efficient and profitable creative business. Sign up for Justine's free guide: How to Find High-Quality Clients and Get Paid What You're Worth and start making monumental changes in your creative business or career today.
#freelance
#freelancing
#freelancer
#small_business


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A Flash Flood Warning Has Been Issued for Parts of Our Area
Joe Hyer
As you've probably noticed, we've had some heavy rains in parts of our area this afternoon. As a result, the National Weather Service has issued a Flash Flood Warning for parts of our area.
The warning is in effect for parts of Mercer, Somerset, and Middlesex County until 4 pm. At noon, the National Weather Service reported that up two inches of rain had already fallen on parts of the area. Flooding is expected to begin in areas that were affected by the heaviest rain.
The warning includes the areas of New Brunswick, Somerset, Edison, Old Bridge, East Brunswick, South Brunswick, North Brunswick, Sayreville, Princeton, Plainsboro Center, Highland Park, and more.
Today's rainfall comes as our area experiences the remnants of Hurricane Florence, which dumped A LOT of rain and has devastated parts of the Carolinas.
We've seen the rain pouring throughout our area this afternoon:
Meanwhile, a flood advisory is in effect for other parts of the area. That advisory warns the flooding could still happen in other areas this afternoon. This includes towns like Trenton, Camden, Philadelphia, Mount Laurel, Chester, and more.
Remember these tips if you're experiencing flooding in your area:
Turn around... don't drown.
Most flood deaths occur in vehicles. If you can't see the road, TURN AROUND. It is not worth taking the risk
Areas of poor drainage could flood.
This includes streets and underpasses. Additionally, small streams and creeks could flood.
Essentially, be super careful out there this afternoon! It's nasty.
Filed Under: flooding


text:
Q: setImageViewBitmap not working in android widget When I try to put a bitmap on a widget I used this :
theBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(WW, HH,
            Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
.
.
// draw something using a canvas
.
.
rviews.setImageViewBitmap(R.id.time,theBitmap);

This works on my phone but not on my Galaxy tablet or Galaxy Note,
if I copy theBitmap into a new ARGB_4444 then it works on all devices:
Bitmap clone= theBitmap.copy(Bitmap.Config.ARGB_4444, false); // workaround
rviews.setImageViewBitmap(R.id.time, clone);

A: First, without your workaround, check your logcat output for:
ERROR/JavaBinder(20204): !!! FAILED BINDER TRANSACTION !!!

You're probably hitting the file size limit for the IPC transaction that holds your changes to the RemoteViews hierarchy.
When you copy the bitmap with the Bitmap.Config.ARGB_4444 config, each pixel will be represented with 2 bytes, whereas Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888 (the default config on 2.3 and up) each pixel is 4 bytes [Source].
By using your workaround, you're passing half as much data, and thus, squeaking by the size limit. This post suggests the size limit is 1MB, but I'm not sure if that varies per OS version or manufacturer.
Update: A different approach to passing an image would be to not send the bitmap itself, but rather pass a URI to the file on disk. Then, you need to make sure that other processes will have read access to your file (the launcher will run in a different process for example). If you're writing out files into your /data/data/my.package.name/ directory, you can do this by specifying MODE_WORLD_READABLE on Context.openFileOutput(). For example:
remoteViews.setUri(R.id.time, "setImageURI", Uri.fromFile(file));