text:
Hookworm disease : Risk factors, Complications and Prevention.
DiseasesDic September 16, 2017 H, Parasitic diseases 18 Comments 1,276 Views
Hookworm disease is a parasitic disease caused by the entry of larvae (immature form) of the hookworm, most commonly, Necator americanus, into a human host. People usually get hookworm disease by walking barefoot in soil that is contaminated with the feces of an infected person.
You can get hookworms by walking barefoot over contaminated soil. In penetrating your skin, the hookworm larvae (immature worms) may cause an allergic reaction. It is from the itchy patch at the place where the larvae entered your body that the early infection came to be known as "ground itch."
Once larvae have broken through your skin, they enter your bloodstream and are carried to your lungs. Unlike ascarids, another form of parasitic roundworm, hookworms do not usually cause pneumonia.
The larvae migrate from your lungs to your windpipe and are then swallowed and carried back down to your
Phases of Hookworm
There are three pathological phases to hookworm infections:
Cutaneous or invasive phase: When larvae initially penetrate the skin they can cause irritation and itching and if they fail to locate a blood capillary they can wander through the skin causing a condition known as cutaneous larval migrans, leaving a track visualized under the skin by the presence of the host inflammatory reaction.
Pulmonary phase: This occurs during the period when the larvae are bursting out of the capillaries in the lungs into the alveolar spaces. This causes local hemorrhaging at the site. This is rarely symptomatic, except when there is a heavy infection, when it can result in pneumonitis, and can also cause a cough and a sore throat.
Intestinal phase: Adult worms are usually restricted to the anterior third of the small intestine, but where infections are very heavy they can occupy the whole length of the small intestine. The worms clamp onto the mucosa abrading the surface and sucking the blood. Proteolytic enzymes from the dorsal pharyngeal gland are released into the buccal cavity which aid in digestion.
Documentation of hookworm dates as early as the third-century B.C. when the authors of the Hippocratic Corpus referred to a disease characterized by intestinal distress, a yellow-green complexion, and a tendency to eat dirt.
The first definitive observations of hookworm, however, were not made until 1838 when Angelo Dubini discovered hookworm during an autopsy. Dubini was responsible for naming the parasite Ancylostoma duodenale and also described the hookworm's teeth in great detail. Reports of hookworm then began to increase throughout the world, first in Egypt in 1846 and then in Brazil in 1865. By 1878, Giovanni B. Grassi and his colleagues had announced a method of diagnosis via microscopic examination of the feces for hookworm eggs.
In 1880, Edoardo Perroncito first noted the correlation between hookworms and anemia among miners digging the St. Gottard tunnel in the Alps. Soon thereafter in 1881, the first antihelminthic drug, Thymol, was developed and used as the drug of choice until the 1920's. In 1898, Arthur Looss determined the life cycle of hookworm while Charles W. Stiles identified Necator americanus as another species of hookworm that infected humans.
It was Stiles who convinced the Rockefeller Foundation to initiate its $1 million campaign against hookworm in the United States using treatment, education, and latrine-building programs. Although the campaign was unsuccessful in eliminating hookworm from the United States, the campaign has become a significant model in the history of hookworm elimination for its goal and size.
Human infection with A. duodenale or N. americanus is estimated to affect approximately 439 million people worldwide. These parasites drain the equivalent of all the blood from approximately 1.5 million people every day.
Infection is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical zones, roughly between the latitudes of 45°N and 30°S; in some communities, prevalence may be as high as 90%. The disease flourishes in rural communities with moist shaded soil and inadequate latrines.
In 2010, it was estimated that 117 million individuals in sub-Saharan Africa were infected with hookworms, as well as 64 million in East Asia, 140 million in South Asia, 77 million in Southeast Asia, 30 million in Latin America and the Caribbean, 10 million in Oceania, and 4.6 million in the Middle East and North Africa. Oceania has the highest prevalence (49%), followed by sub-Saharan Africa (13%), Southeast Asia (12.6%), South Asia (8.6%), East Asia (5%), and Latin America/Caribbean (5%). (ref16). These represent approximately 20% decreases in prevalence from 2005 WHO estimates.
The parasitic roundworm, known as hookworm, causes hookworm disease. Necator americanus is the most common type of hookworm that causes infection in the United States.
Hookworm eggs are passed in human feces onto the ground where they develop into infective larvae (immature worms).
When the soil is cool, the larvae crawl to the nearest moist area and extend their bodies into the air.
The larvae stay in the soil—waving their bodies to and fro—until they come into contact with human skin, usually when stepped on by a bare foot, or until they are driven back into the ground by the heat.
What are the risk factors for hookworm disease?
A number of factors increase the risk of developing hookworm disease. Not all people with risk factors will get hookworm disease. Risk factors for hookworm disease include:
Contact with contaminated soil or sand, especially when walking barefoot
Residence or travel in an area with poor sanitation, where human fecal matter may contaminate the soil
People who live in warm, tropical, or subtropical areas
People exposed to poor sanitation management and hygiene, especially if walking barefoot or with skin-to-soil contact
Women who are pregnant and those who are of childbearing age
Young children who are exposed to contaminated soil or sandboxes
People who have contact with contaminated soil, especially farmers, plumbers, electricians, and exterminators
People who sunbathe on contaminated sand
What are the symptoms of hookworm disease?
In most cases, you will not experience symptoms if you have a hookworm infestation in the intestines. However, as the hookworm larvae mature in the intestines, gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, may sometimes occur. Some people experience itching, swelling or redness of the skin where the larvae entered the body. Coughing and respiratory symptoms may result from the presence of hookworm larvae in the lungs.
Common gastrointestinal symptoms of hookworm disease
Hookworm disease may cause gastrointestinal symptoms including:
Abdominal pain or cramping (often worse after eating)
Bloody stool (the blood may be red, black, or tarry in texture)
Other symptoms of hookworm disease
Hookworm disease can sometimes cause symptoms in other body systems. Examples include:
Blood-tinged sputum
Itchy rash
Pale skin or pallor
Symptoms that might indicate a serious condition
In some cases, hookworm disease can be a serious condition that should be immediately evaluated in an emergency setting. Serious symptoms including:
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration, potentially requiring intravenous fluids
Symptoms of anemia such as shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and fatigue, which can be due to blood loss from the hookworm attaching itself to the intestine; pregnant women, the elderly, and those in poor health are susceptible
Treatment of hookworm disease usually results in full recovery; complications are rare unless the infection is left untreated. However, if anemia occurs, it can be severe in people who have chronic disease or poor nutrition, are pregnant, or are in poor health.
Health problems that may result from hookworm infection include:
Iron deficiency anemia, caused by loss of blood
Severe protein loss with fluid buildup in the abdomen (ascites)
Heart failure and widespread tissue swelling secondary to severe anemia
Physical and thought development problems in children due to severe anemia
Breathing complications such as wheezing and cough
Examination of a stool sample
Blood tests to check for anemia and nutritional deficiencies
Hookworm infection diagnosis is made by identifying hookworm eggs in a sample of stool. Stool should be examined within several hours after defecation.
Blood tests for anemia and nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron, are also done.
Specific diagnosis with PCR (polymerase chain reaction) can be employed to confirm hook worm infection.
Rarely, endoscopy is done that would reveal the presence of adult worms in the intestine. This is done for the purpose of identification of the species that has infected the person.
Chest X- ray is done to check lung involvement in hookworm infection.
How Do You Treat Hookworm Infection?
Treatment of hookworm infection involves the following:
Cure the infection
Drugs like mebendazole are currently used to destroy the adult hookworms in the intestine and albendazole is effective in treating the disease while the worm is in the intestine or in the skin.
Other antihelminthic drugs include levamisole and pyrantel pamoate.
Medicines prescribed for pregnant and lactating women would differ according to the sensitivity of the drug and severity of the infection.
Thiabendazole is applied topically to destroy the larvae in the skin. Local cryotherapy is used to destroy the hookworms while the parasite is still in the skin, causing itching and rashes.
Two weeks after completion of the treatment, stool examination should be repeated.
Mebendazole is one of the three most common hookworm medications prescribed today. It's commercial brand name is Vermox, and it may be administered in one of two ways. Vermox may be taken as a one time dose of 500mg or taken as 100mg twice a day for three days. If hookworm isn't gone in 3-4 weeks, a second dose may be required. Mebendazole is usually administered only to humans.
Albendazole is the second most common hookworm treatment prescribed by physicians these days. Its commercial brand name is Albenza, but the generic formulas are becoming more commonly prescribed at a reduced cost. It is usually taken as a 400mg dose only once, but for children it is often taken in 200mg doses for three days and then repeated after three weeks to ensure that the hookworm infection is absolutely cured.
Pyrantel pamoate is used in both humans and pets, and is regarded by veterinarians as one of the most effective de-wormers on the market. Its commercial brand name is Antiminth or Pin-X (which you can get at Amazon). It is also used to cure pinworms. For human patients, the recommended dose is 11mg once a day for three days. For pets (dogs and cats), one dose a week repeated over the course of three weeks should be a sufficient treatment to interrupt the lifecycle and return your pet's health to normal.
Treatment of anemia and its complications
Anemia must be treated immediately with iron supplements, accompanied by vitamin C.
Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements are also recommended.
Improve nutrition for the patient
Hookworm grows in the intestine and absorbs nutrients for its growth. This in turn affects the human host harboring the worm and develops deficiency of nutrients. There may be a rapid weight loss and deterioration in the health.
Diet for a patient with hookworm infection must include the following components.
How can hookworm infections be prevented?
You can lower your risk of becoming infected with hookworms by:
Wearing shoes when you walk outdoors, especially in areas that might have feces in the soil
Drinking safe water
Properly cleaning and cooking food
Practicing proper handwashing
Using a barrier to prevent the skin from touching the soil when sitting on the ground
Avoiding consuming soil that may be contaminated with hookworm
Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
Not using fertilizer made from human feces
Covering children's sandboxes
Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves and shoes when gardening
Covering moist soil requiring frequent contact with a waterproof liner
Treating pet dogs and cats for hookworm
In areas where hookworm infections are common, improving sanitation can reduce the number of infections. This includes using better sewage disposal systems and reducing human defecation that occurs outdoors.
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Neurocysticercosis – Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Description Neurocysticercosis, the infection caused by the larval form of the tapeworm Taenia solium, is …
Adeleke Mathew
tell us the prescription of the medication.
Muramreddy Ramireddy
detailed explanations for the causes initio ,develop crapping into bodies , symptoms, medical remedies and treatments.
useful, helpful information.
thanks with regards.
Samira Y Adam
very helping and educating topics, please keep it up!
Doth Baron
my child is going to cr and she got a hookworm in her lbm but i dont know what should i do.
Consult with a doctor immediately to avoid the proliferation of the worm into the whole body.
K. Purno Ranjan Chakma
If hookworms are mature in the intestine how long are those worms life cycle and then happened to death to the host..?
Once it gets into the host gut, Necator tends to cause a prolonged infection, generally, 1–5 years (many worms die within a year or two of infecting), though some adult worms have been recorded to live for 15 years or more.
Adesina wasiu
can these worm live in, and affect the liver?
parasites that invade the liver is "fluke". This is a worm-like organism that we can pick up from eating meats, and sometimes if we let dogs or other animals lick us on the mouth we can get worms, flukes,
Chinagoro
Please i have go to physician and explain to him my problem and he said is worm and gave me some medicine but still after taking the medicine although i had a little relief but still found it difficult in passing faeces out what should i do please
Very helpful.I have migrane sometimes i get headache what should i do???
Shoeb Khan
what are the species of hookworm?
The two most common types of hookworm that infect humans are Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus.


Do you need cutting edge marketing material for your project? In the 21st century, image is indeed everything and I can help bring yours to life! I have experience in working with promotional materials for organisations of varying size - from small to big. No matter what your ambition is I can make it shine in the format you choose, be it poster, logo, brochure, or advertisement. Scroll down to see some work.


text:
Turmeric Extract Puts Drugs For Knee Osteoarthritis To Shame
Wednesday, December 19th 2012 at 5:00 am
Sayer Ji, Founder
This article is copyrighted by GreenMedInfo LLC, 2012
Visit our Re-post guidelines
Millions take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) daily for arthritis and related inflammatory conditions, but are completely unaware that far safer, and at least as effective, natural alternatives already exist -- and are as easily accessible and inexpensive as the spices found in your kitchen cupboard.
Human research on the health benefits of turmeric is sparse, mainly due to the lack of capital available to fund expensive clinical trials.[i] Despite many decades of investigation as a lead drug compound, and the availability of thousands of preclinical studies indicating turmeric's therapeutic value, few yet realize that this common kitchen spice may provide a suitable drug alternative for common health conditions.
The latest human study to clinically confirm turmeric's medicinal value was published in the Indonesian Journal of Internal Medicine in April, 2012 and found the curcuminoid extract of turmeric was able to reduce inflammation in patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis.
Researchers compared the effect of a curcuminoid extract to the NSAID drug diclofenac sodium in reducing cycloxygenase -2 (COX-2) secretion by synovial fluid's monocytes in two, randomly divided, groups suffering with knee osteoarthritis.
The synovial fluid is an egg yolk-like liquid within the cavities of the synovial joints, which serves to reduce friction between articular cartilage during movement. In knee osteoarthritis, a condition that afflicts 1 in 2 people by the age of 85 years, the immune cells known as monocytes express increased inflammatory COX-2 enzyme activity within the synovial fluid.
In the study, subjects were given either 30 mg 3 times daily of turmeric extract (curcuminoid) or 25 mg 3 times daily of diclofenac sodium for 4 weeks. After the treatment period, aspiration of the joint as performed and the secretion of cycloxygenase-2 enzyme by synovial fluid's monocytes was evaluated.
Results were reported as follows:
In curcuminoid group the average scores were 1.84±0.37 and 1.15±0.28 respectively (p<0.001). In diclofenac group the average scores were 1.79±0.38 and 1.12±0.27 respectively (p<0.001). In curcuminoid group the decreasing score of cycloxygenase-2 secretion was 0.70±0.51 while in diclofenac group was 0.67±0.45. There was no significant difference in decreasing the score of cycloxygenase enzyme secretion between both treatment groups (p=0.89).
In summary, both curcuminoid and diclofenac sodium were capable of significantly decreasing the secretion of the inflammatory COX-2 enzyme, with nearly identical potency.
This is not the first human study to confirm turmeric is at least as effective as an NSAID drug in reducing the symptoms associated with knee osteoarthritis. A 2010 study published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine found 2,000 mg of turmeric extract was as effective as 800 mg of ibuprofen in reducing symptoms of pain and inflammation.[ii]
What is most remarkable about the more recent study is not that turmeric curcuminoids have potent anti-inflammatory properties – there are already hundreds of studies confirming its COX-2 reducing and otherwise anti-inflammary effects -- but rather how much safer they are relative to NSAID drugs like diclofenac, which like most pharmaceutical anti-inflammatory drugs have been linked to adverse health effects such as increased cardiac mortality, miscarriage and seizure.
One way to assess the relative toxicity of these two compounds is to compare the primary polyphenol in turmeric, curcumin, with diclofenac sodium through their respective Material Safety Data Sheets, which contain detailed information on the toxicity of these substances.
Diclofenac Sodium: The LD50 for mice is 95 mg/kg, meaning that it only takes 95 mg/kg of mouse to acutely kill 50% of an exposed group.
Curcumin: The LD50 for mice is >2,000 mg/kg, meaning that it would take more than 2,000 mg/kg of mouse to acutely kill 50% of an exposed group.
In order to get perspective on how toxic an LD50 of 95 mg/kg is, let's first calculate how much of this chemical it would take in milligrams to kill an average sized mouse. Mice are between 15-27 grams, depending on their age, strain and diet. If we take the average between the two, at 21 grams, our mouse would weigh 0.021 kilograms. This means that it only takes 1.9 milligrams to acutely kill 50% of the mice given such a dose.
Extrapolating to humans, an average 150 lb adult weighs 68.03 kilograms, it would only take 6462 milligrams, or 6.46 grams to kill 50% of the humans given the dose. This is less than the weight of three pennies (7.5 grams). Compare this to the LD50 of curcumin (2,000 mg/kg), where it would take more than 136,000 mgs (4.86 ounces) to kill 50% of the humans given it – and even this estimation is doubtful, since it is likely that it would simply be vomited up, or expelled through the gastrointestinal tract, and other organs of elimination, before reaching lethal levels in the body. Also, remember that it only took 90 mg a day in the aforementioned study to reduce inflammation as effectively as diclofenac sodium. The difference between the 90 mg required to produce an effective response, and a (theoretical) 136,000 mg threshold for lethal toxicity, is four orders of magnitude.
In practical terms, the chance of you hurting yourself with a drug like diclofenac sodium -- ironically, in an attempt to reduce pain -- as compared to a simple kitchen spice like turmeric, is infinitely higher. Consider too, that there are over 100 known adverse health effects associated with this chemical class of drugs, whereas turmeric (and curcumin) has been linked to over 600 beneficial ones -- not exactly a hard choice to make, when it comes to risk-benefit analysis.
For additional research on natural alternatives to common NSAID drugs like aspirin and ibuprofen, read the following articles:
Is There A Natural Alternative To Aspirin?
Ibuprofen Kills More Than Pain, So What Is The Alternative?
[i] GreenMedInfo.com, Why The Law Forbids The Medicinal Use of Natural Substances Feb. 26th, 2012
[ii] Vilai Kuptniratsaikul, Sunee Thanakhumtorn, Pornsiri Chinswangwatanakul, Luksamee Wattanamongkonsil, Visanu Thamlikitkul. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Med. 2010 May;25(5):729-34. PMID: 19678780
Sayer Ji is founder of Greenmedinfo.com, a reviewer at the International Journal of Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, Co-founder and CEO of Systome Biomed, Vice Chairman of the Board of the National Health Federation, Steering Committee Member of the Global Non-GMO Foundation.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of GreenMedInfo or its staff.
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Health Guide: Medicinal Spices
Osteoarthritis: Knee
NSAID-induced toxicity
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
An Uneasy Relationship
Norfolk Island and the Commonwealth of Australia
O'Collins, Maev
The situation of Norfolk Island, as a territory of the Commonwealth of Australia, is one of the historical anomalies in governance, which has persisted since 1914. It reflects the direct historical linkages between the British Crown and those Norfolk Islanders who were descendants of Pitcairn Islanders of Mutiny on the Bounty fame. Yet, once Federation was in the wind, the British Government, against the expressed wishes of the Norfolk Island community, sought to divest itself of all responsibility for Norfolk Island. There is a curiously 'Yes Minister' quality about the negotiations which lead to the final take-over by Australia, and the appointment of the first Commonwealth Administrator of Norfolk Island. The direct involvement of Atlee Hunt, then Secretary of the Department of External Affairs, eventually ensured the appointment of Michael Vincent Murphy. In order to achieve this end, Hunt had to fend off other applicants who were busy ingratiating themselves with the Minister for External Affairs Patrick McMahon Glynn and the then Prime Minister Joseph Cook. This is essentially a study of the relationships between governors, politicians, public servants and community leaders during the years which followed the take-over of Norfolk Island, and of the struggle of one Norfolk Islander, Charles Chase Ray Nobbs, against Australian administrative authority
politics and government; australia; history; norfolk island; Commonwealth of Nations; New South Wales; Pitcairn Islands; Sydney
Relevant Wikipedia pages: Australia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia; Commonwealth of Nations - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations; New South Wales - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales; Norfolk Island - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island; Pitcairn Islands - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands; Sydney - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney


The one place where you don't have to sacrifice good coffee for good food.
Fido provides a fun and relaxed atmosphere for catching up with friends and doing some light studying. Not only does Fido provide a changing selection of brews and espresso drinks, but the food is delicious as well.
In an effort to better provide for a large number of customers, Fido must brew their coffee in mass amounts which can at times compromise the quality of the taste. I usually tend to go here when I am in the mood for espresso beverages.
**Note if you are looking for the same great coffee without longer lines or food you can head next door to Hot and Cold, another great Bongo Java location.
Reblogged this on The Loop Nashville.


The Agency for Strategic Initiatives developed a country-wide Performance Standard for regional government authorities seeking to create a favourable investment climate in a region.
Introduction of the Investment Standard in St Petersburg will advance the creation of a favourable investment environment to enhance investment flows into the region by adopting best Russian and international practices of interaction between regional authorities and businesses.
St Petersburg has developed and annually updates a Targeted Investment Programme, which designates projects to be constructed in the city and financed by the municipal budget.
The Targeted Investment Programme was formulated in line with the Strategy for the Economic and Social Development of St. Petersburg until 2030. The Programme does not include projects implemented by public-private partnerships.
The Charter of St Petersburg specifies the Governor's duty to submit to the St Petersburg Legislative Assembly an annual public report on the Government performance in the elapsed year.
On 13 April 2016, the Governor of St Petersburg made his regular annual public report. A separate section traditionally covered the city's investment climate and investment policy with statistical highlights and rankings by leading rating agencies.
St Petersburg approved a number of regulations to protect investor rights and support investments.
Paragraph 1.7 of the Regulations on St. Petersburg's Investment Committee approved by Resolution of the St Petersburg Government No. 1042 dated 27 September 2012 says that the Committee supervises St Petersburg's Agency for Strategic Initiative and St Petersburg's Investment Directorate.
In pursuance of paragraph 1 of Resolution of the St Petersburg Government No. 1001 dated 2 November 2015 On Reorganisation of the Investment Directorate, the Investment Directorate will be reorganised through a takeover of the Agency for Strategic Initiative.
St Petersburg runs a developed framework of interrelated facilities to manage and promote the implementation of investment projects. The city has industrial zonesand aspecial economic zone..
Promotion of Employment in St Petersburg for 2015–2020 (government programme).
Promotion of Education in St Petersburg for 2015–2020 (government programme).
Economic Development and the Knowledge Economy in St Petersburg for 2015–2020 (government programme).
St Petersburg maintains a dedicated investment portal.
The investment portal content is regularly updated, including information on ongoing and planned investment projects, and publishes the Investment Committee news.
To optimise this Internet resource, the website structure and feedback service were to a large extent upgraded in 2016.
A potential investor can now create a personal account and request the Committee for necessary support of an investment project or assistance in land plot selection.
To ensure comfortable and transparent interaction between businesses and authorities in investment projects implementation, St Petersburg has set up an investor "one stop shop" service.
To ensure efficient functioning of the "one stop shop" service available with the Investment Directorate at 1–3 Zodchego Rossi St., the "one stop shop" front office was organised. It has operated since 3 August 2015.
In June 2013, the Governor of St Petersburg adopted Resolution No. 33-pg dated 19 June 2013 On St Petersburg Investment Thesis, which sets forth basic interaction principles between investors and authorities.
The St Petersburg Legislative Assembly adopted St Petersburg Law No. 682-125 dated 4 January 2013 On the Procedure for Regulatory Impact Assessment of Draft Regulations Governing Business and Investment Activities and Review of St Petersburg Regulations Governing Business and Investment Activities.
The St Petersburg Governor's Office provides skill improvement courses for public officers engaged in investments and investment process management. In 2015, 52 public officers completed skill improvement courses in the following areas: Management of Public-Private Partnership Projects in Russian Regions, Investment Project Management, Investment Infrastructure Project Management. The training courses will be held annually.
Resolution of the Governor of St Petersburg No. 49-pg dated 2 July 2014 set up an Intersectoral Consumer Protection Board for Natural Monopoly Entities under the Governor of St Petersburg and approved Regulations on the Intersectoral Consumer Protection Board for Natural Monopoly Entities under the Governor of St Petersburg.
The first meeting of the Intersectoral Consumer Protection Board was held on 28 October 2015 chaired by Georgy Poltavchenko, the Governor of St Petersburg.
St Petersburg maintains a number of communication channels between investors and the St Petersburg Government to promptly resolve investment-related issues and challenges.
In addition, anyone may ask the Governor a question through theelectronic reception serviceon the official web portal of the St Petersburg Administration at www.gov.spb.ru, and аny investor may request information through their personal accounts on the investment portal.


The Laboratory of Insurrectionary Imagination (Labofii) merges art and life, creativity and resistance, proposition and opposition. The founders of Labofii, Isa Frémeaux and John Jordan, believe that social justice grows out of creative acts of disobedience. Between art and activism, poetry and politics, the Labofii investigates new forms of resistance. They treat insurrection as an art and art as a means of preparing for the coming insurrection. At Foreign Affairs 2015, the Labofii held a weeklong workshop – an "Action-Adventure Game Lab for Climate Justice". They assembled activists, designers, developers, artists, gamers and other creative minds to develop visions of the future and concepts for ways and means of change. On one of the final days of the workshop, we talked to several of the organizers and participants about the goals of their work, the working process and the results.
At Foreign Affairs 2015, The Laboratory of Insurrectionary Imagination (Labofii) held the workshop "Action-Adventure Game Lab for Climate Justice". More about the work and ideology of Labofii in John Jordan's essay "Art (and activism) in the age of the Anthropocene".


Team Ghana finished 19th at the just-ended 2018 Africa Youth Games (AYG) in Algiers, Algeria. Thirty-seven countries participated in the multi-sports event.
The team from Ghana won six medals at the Games.
Team Ghana arrived on Sunday July 29, 2018 after winning three silver medals and three bronze medals in four sporting disciplines; athletics, hockey, swimming and beach volleyball.
Leader of the delegation, Albert K. Frimpong, said Ghana competed in four disciplines because the games served as a qualification platform for the 2018 Youth Olympic Games, to be held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in October.
Swimmer Abeiku Jackson who was captain of Team Ghana won four medals, comprising three silver medals and a bronze medal, while Ghana's fifth medal was won by the male beach volleyball team pair of Eric Tsatsu and Kevin Carboo, who won silver.
Jackson, who was the star for Team Ghana, also sealed qualification to the Youth Olympic Games, to be held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The male beach volleyball team also qualified for the event.
In athletics, Ghana was represented by Yaro Stephen, Diafo Solomon, Gyamfi Regina, McCarthy Dominic, Opoku Dorcas, and Tuffour Paul Kofi as coach. 400m runner, Solomon Diaffo won Ghana's last bronze medal in the finals of his event.
Quayson Racheal, Addae Gifty, Gbati Asana, Nuatro Esther, Akoto Charity, Otto Eleanor, Okine Rafiyatu, Donkor Rebecca and Copson Hagiet represented Ghana as hockey players and were managed by Yarboi Irene and Abass Ramatu.
Swimming was also made up of Jackson Abeiku (Team Captain), Poku-Dwumoh Papa Yaw, Sowah Prince Abdullah and Kaya Forson, with Jackson Kodwo Abbiw as coach.
Other officials who accompanied Team Ghana were Albert K. Frimpong (chef du mission), with George Owusu Ansah (administrator) and Isaac Kwaku Ahorlu Wallace (media attaché).


text:
Q: function referring to object doesn't remove it from stage the function doesn't remove the object:
const app = new PIXI.Application({
  resizeTo: window
});

current_sprite = new PIXI.Sprite.from(`backgammon/dices/Alea_${user.cubes[index][0]}.png`);

current_sprite.delete = () => {
  console.log("current_sprite:");
  console.log(current_sprite);
  app.stage.removeChild(current_sprite);
}

meanwhile it does recognize the object. My main question is if this syntax is correct in javascript? can I refer in a block to the object trying to define a property of his? or should I use the e.target syntax?
definition of the array:
other_cubes[index] = [current_sprite, next_sprite];

and
next_sprite
is identical to current.
the call is:
other_cubes[current.Inex_ToCube2][0].delete();
and the index is 5 - which makes sense;
the array is built correctly becuase the printed output makes sense.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: LPUSH function in redis (PHP) throwing bool(false) when I get/dump list Alright, sooooo... The issue is this: I am LPUSH'ing a variable value to a list called "keys". When I try to get and output the value of that list... it claims the list is empty (bool(false)). The syntax seems correct. This code has worked on other occasions (in fact, I am merely going through each function and testing/refactoring/improving what I have already written). I got snagged on this, and I'm completely boggled. Here's the code (with relevant notes):
$kw = $_REQUEST['keyword']; //we're passing a value to this in a query string

if(empty($kw)){

    $key = 'default';
    createRedis($key);

}else{

    $key = $kw;
createRedis($key);
}

function{

    $key = $a;
    $r = new Redis();
    $r->connect( 'localhost' );

    $r->LPUSH( 'keys',$key );   // $key echos a value when one is passed in
    echo $key;                  // a query string, BUT....

    $keys=$r->get('keys');      //'keys'... the redis list
    var_dump($keys);        // throws a bool(false) when dumped

}

Is there something crazy that I'm missing? Redis is tested on my server as working. I, otherwise, am unable to sort out what the heck is wrong with this. Here's the documentation on LPUSH for phpredis (which is what we are using (it is also installed and working)): https://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis#lpush
and
the documentation for this on the Redis website (these are CLI examples):
http://redis.io/commands/lpush
Any help is sincerely appreciated. Perhaps I am using an ineffective method to test whether or not the redis list 'keys' is retaining value? (That was the whole purpose of the dump).

A: You have to use lrange instead of get:
$keys = $r->lrange('keys', 0, -1);


Perfect! Zingy, minerally, perfectly balanced, piquant and zippy, real Nahe, as balanced and spicy as the "MC" we get from Catoir but sleeker and "greener," more stone and shade-herbs, less exotic and tropical. The entire Riesling genre soars on such wines!


text:
using System;
using System.IO;
using Arch.CMessaging.Client.API;
using Arch.CMessaging.Core.Content;
using Arch.CMessaging.Core.Util;
using Arch.CMessaging.Core.Time;
using Arch.CMessaging.Client.Impl.Consumer.Models;
using Arch.CMessaging.Core.Log;
using cmessaging.consumer;
using cmessaging.consumer.exception;

namespace Arch.CMessaging.Client.Impl.Consumer
{
    public class Message:IMessage
    {
        internal ChunkSubMessage ChunkSubMessage { get; private set; }
        internal DateTime BeginTime { get; set; }
        internal MessageReader Reader { get; private set; }
        internal bool AutoAck { get; set; }
        internal string Consumer { get; set; }
        public Message(ChunkSubMessage message, MessageReader messageReader)
        {
            this.ChunkSubMessage = message;
            this.Reader = messageReader;
            Acks= AckMode.Ack;
            BeginTime = Time.Now();
        }

        private IHeaderProperties _headerProperties;
        /// <summary>
        /// <seealso cref="IHeaderProperties"/>
        /// </summary>
        public IHeaderProperties HeaderProperties
        {
            get { return _headerProperties ?? (_headerProperties = Reader.HeaderProperties); }
        }

        private string _text;
        /// <summary>
        /// 以文本形式获取消息,如果消息体本身不是文本类型,或者消息不存在,返回空。
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>消息文本</returns>
        public string GetText()
        {
            try
            {
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_text))
                {
                    _text = Reader.GetText();
                }
                return _text;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Logg.Write(ex, LogLevel.Error, "consumer.message", new KeyValue {Key = "consumer", Value = Consumer});
                MetricUtil.Set(new ExceptionCountMetric { Consumer = Consumer, HappenedWhere = ExceptionType.OnMessageRead.ToString() });
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        private byte[] _bytes;
        /// <summary>
        /// 已二进制形式获取消息,消息体不存在,将返回空。
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>二进制</returns>
        public byte[] GetBinary()
        {
            try
            {
                return _bytes ?? (_bytes = Reader.GetBinary());
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Logg.Write(ex, LogLevel.Error, "consumer.message", new KeyValue { Key = "consumer", Value = Consumer });
                MetricUtil.Set(new ExceptionCountMetric { Consumer = Consumer, HappenedWhere = ExceptionType.OnMessageRead.ToString() });
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        private object _object;
        /// <summary>
        /// 以指定对象类型返回可反序列化对象。如果反序列化失败,将抛出异常。
        /// 如果需要返回的基础类型无法转换,将抛出异常。
        /// 如果消息不存在,将返回默认值。
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TObject">对象类型</typeparam>
        /// <returns>对象</returns>
        public TObject GetObject<TObject>()
        {
            try
            {
                if (_object == null || !(_object is TObject))
                {
                    var obj = Reader.GetObject<TObject>();
                    _object = obj;
                }
                return (TObject)_object;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Logg.Write(ex, LogLevel.Error, "consumer.message", new KeyValue { Key = "consumer", Value = Consumer });
                MetricUtil.Set(new ExceptionCountMetric { Consumer = Consumer, HappenedWhere = ExceptionType.OnMessageRead.ToString() });
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        private Stream _stream;
        /// <summary>
        /// 以流形式获取消息,消息不存在,将返回空。
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>消息流</returns>
        public Stream GetStream()
        {
            try
            {
                return _stream ?? (_stream = Reader.GetStream());
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Logg.Write(ex, LogLevel.Error, "consumer.message", new KeyValue { Key = "consumer", Value = Consumer });
                MetricUtil.Set(new ExceptionCountMetric { Consumer = Consumer, HappenedWhere = ExceptionType.OnMessageRead.ToString() });
                throw ex;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否确认消息,当处理中有异常,请确认方法最后执行AckMode.Nack,
        /// 否则消息将执行确认操作。
        /// <example>
        /// try
        /// {
        /// }
        /// catch(Exception)
        /// {
        ///     Acks = AckMode.Nack;
        /// }
        /// </example>
        /// </summary>
        public Arch.CMessaging.Core.Content.AckMode Acks { get; set; }

        public delegate void DisposingHandler(Message message);
        public DisposingHandler Disposing;

        internal delegate void DestroyMomoryHandler(int messageSize);
        internal DestroyMomoryHandler DestroyMomory;
        ThreadSafe.Integer countor = new ThreadSafe.Integer(0);
        public void Dispose()
        {
            try
            {
                if (countor.AtomicIncrementAndGet() > 1) return;//只允许执行一次DISPOSE
                if (Disposing != null)
                {
                    Disposing(this);
                }
                if (DestroyMomory != null)
                {
                    int size = ChunkSubMessage.Pub == null ? 0 : ChunkSubMessage.Pub.Size;
                    DestroyMomory(size);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception exception)
            {
                Logg.Write(exception,LogLevel.Error, "cmessaging.consumer.message.dispose");
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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December 9, 2022, 3:52 PM ET
Every Hilarious The Office Christmas Episode to Binge Over the Holidays
Happy Benihana Christmas!
By McKenzie Jean-Philippe
The Office fans know that there's no Christmas quite like an Office Christmas. From Benihana waitresses to a brief rehab stint, the folks at Dunder Mifflin Scranton know how to bring out the holiday cheer in us all.
"I really liked holiday episodes; I just remember watching them and feeling like it was fun when all the shows did their Christmas and holiday specials," longtime series writer Michael Schur (who wrote the inaugural "Christmas Party" in 2005) told EW in 2017. "Paul Feig directed 'Halloween' and it went really well. It was really funny, and it was like, 'Oh, this feels like something.' It felt like the holiday episode applied to this show and this office and this group of people… it felt like it was a rich vein. So the office Christmas party was an obvious move, and I just got lucky that it happened to be my turn in the rotation when that assignment came up."
For nine seasons the Emmy-winning series followed the employees of Dunder Mifflin Paper Company's Scranton, PA office. It's an adaption of the original UK version from Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, and premiered on NBC in 2005. And fun fact? Mindy Kaling—who starred as Kelly Kapoor throughout the series and was a writer, producer, and director on the comedy—wrote four Christmas episodes. She's also named "A Benihana Christmas" as one of her Top 5 favorite episodes of all time.
So with that information under your belt, know that you can revisit every hysterically festive moment of the past. We've listed every can't miss Xmas episode below. And the best part? You can easily watch all of The Office Christmas episodes on Peacock now.
The Office Season 2, Episode 10 - "Christmas Party"
The series' first-ever Christmas episode is one that we'll never forget, with Michael Scott (Steve Carell) foiling the office's planned Secret Santa exchange for a Yankee Swap instead. The episode also included one of the most important moments in Jim (John Krasinski) and Pam's (Jenna Fischer) romance, with the reveal of a teapot Jim bought for Pam that initially contained a note from Jim that he ended up taking back before she could see it. The whereabouts of the note became a huge mystery for fans until Season 9 when Jim finally gave it to Pam and revealed he'd kept it for years.
The Office Season 3, Episode 10 & 11 - "A Benihana Christmas: Part 1 & 2"
Fresh off of a breakup, Michael quickly rebounds in hilarious fashion during this special two-part episode. After having lunch at Benihana, he and Andy (Ed Helms) bring back two waitresses as their dates to the annual Christmas party. As if that weren't enough, Pam and Karen (Rashida Jones) team up to throw a rival party to spite Angela (Angela Kinsey). But all is well in the end, especially with Angela's memorable rendition of "The Little Drummer Boy" during karaoke.
RELATED: Every Hilarious The Office Halloween Episode You Have to Rewatch
The Office Season 5, Episode 11 - "Moroccan Christmas"
With the holiday party in Phyllis' (Phyllis Smith) hands for the year, the drama was at an all time high. As Dwight was selling black market Princess Unicorn dolls from his desk, Michael staged an intervention for Meredith (Kate Flannery), whose hair caught on fire when she got a little too drunk during the festivities. He even ended up literally dragging her to rehab. And as if that wasn't enough, at the end of the episode Phyllis told the entire office that Dwight (Rainn Wilson) and Angela were having an affair behind Andy's (aka her fiancé) back. Can someone say mess?
The Office Season 6, Episode 13 - "Secret Santa"
The office's second attempt at a Secret Santa extravaganza goes just as well as the first. A disgruntled Michael is not happy that Phyllis was tasked with dressing up as Santa instead of him. So of course he attempts to upstage her throughout the day. Meanwhile in an attempt to impress Erin (Ellie Kemper), Andy gifts her the "12 Days of Christmas," but the various flocks of live birds (a partridge in a pear tree, two turtle doves, three french hens, etc.) ruin her day.
The Office Season 7, Episode 11 & 12 - "Classy Christmas: Part 1 & 2"
In another two-part Christmas episode Michael tells Pam to scrap the initial plan and create a "classy Christmas" in honor of his ex and soulmate Holly's (Amy Ryan) return to Scranton. But he's disappointed to find out that she may be getting engaged to her boyfriend A.J. In the end, Pam reveals to Michael that Holly issued an ultimatum to A.J.: either propose by the end of the year, or they'll breakup. This offers the tiniest bit of hope to Michael.
The Office Season 8, Episode 10 - "Christmas Wishes"
"Christmas Wishes" marks The Office's first-ever Christmas party without Michael. Andy is now the boss, and brings his new girlfriend Jessica to the party. But this is awkward for Erin, who still has feelings for Andy after their breakup. She and Robert California (James Spader) end up bonding (and drinking) over their newfound singlehood, as Robert just announced he's divorcing his wife.
This episode also includes a classic Dwight scene where he, Gabe (Zach Woods), and Creed (Creed Bratton) show off some impressive air guitar moves to the Trans-Siberian Orchestra's "Carol of the Bells."
The Office Season 9, Episode 9 - "Dwight Christmas"
In the series' final Christmas episode, Dwight takes over and introduces the office to a traditional Schrute Pennsylvania Dutch Christmas. Hijinks ensue when he dresses up as an unsavory Santa-esque figured named Belsnickel, whose off-putting persona delights Jim and Pam but bemuses the rest of the staff.
You can stream all nine seasons of The Office on Peacock now.
Watch Kevin From The Office Meet Little Kevin
11 Comedies to Binge-Watch on Peacock If The Office Is Your Favorite Show
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Llevo un tiempo interesándome por conocer el tan interesante mundo que se esconde bajo los capós de nuestros coches.
Buscando un poco, di con el tema del par motor y demás, por lo tanto me picó la curiosidad de conocer un poco más mi coche, algo viejo ya, aprovecho para decir... Por ello, me gustaría saber dónde podría encontrar esos gráficos o curvas de aceleración. Supongo que alguna base de datos habrá al respecto.
Hola, gracias por tu respuesta. Fichas técnicas sí sé dónde encontrarlas; uso www.km77.com y las de coches.net, pero las curvas de aceleración (o el nombre que reciban) no sé por dónde pueden estar.
1. grupo Fiat,Alfa Romeo,Jeep, Lancia..ect... ( motores 1.6 )con 320 de par.
3. Honda motor 1.6 diesel con 300 de par.
4. ssangyong motor 1.6 diesel 300 de par.
Mil gracias, era exactamente lo que estaba buscando!
Por cierto, que estas mediciones son "a la rueda" sin añadir las pérdidas por transmisión... ¿verdad?.
Steady State is the standard test condition used by the automotive manufacturers. The Powertrain Performance� at Steady State is measured at different constant engine speeds. Unless otherwise stated all tests are conducted at Steady State, i.e. at a fixed engine speed, and the engine is kept at full load (wide open throttle, WOT) until certain conditions are met when the measurements are taken. The engine speed is then changed to the next engine speed usually about 500 rpm apart and/or closer at the expected peak power and torque. The tests conducted by RRI follow the same principal procedure with one important difference � the test equipment on which the tests are conducted. While the engine manufacturer states peak power and peak torque for the engine (at the flywheel) this requires the engine to be tested separately in an engine dynamometer.RRI uses a dynamometer from Rototest that measures the Powertrain Performance� produced at the wheel hubs. The Rototest dynamometer is very similar to an engine dynamometer with the only difference that it is meant to measure Powertrain Performance� instead of engine performance.
Test point times at Steady State less than approx. 3 seconds are not appropriate due to normal engine output variations.
A longer test point time gives more information about engine cooling capacity.
The measurement points are joined by a spline only for display purposes. There is no information about Steady State Powertrain Performance� between the measurement points.
At Steady State there is no performance influence due to the inertia of the powertrain (e.g. engine flywheel).
Steady State measurements are generally not comparable with measurements during acceleration conditions! Measurements of Powertrain Performance� during acceleration or dynamic conditions will always be affected by the powertrain inertia due to the energy consumed (stored) in the rotational inertia of the powertrain components, such as the engine flywheel. Acceleration speeds less than 100 engine rpm/second (1000 to 7000 engine rpm in a minute) are approximately comparable to steady state measurements.
Performance measurements during acceleration with varying acceleration rates are not comparable in any way (results from rolling roads, hub dynamometers and engine dynamometers with no accurate speed control for constant acceleration rates) There are also, in many cases, a lack of correction methods for minor fluctuations in the acceleration rate.
También te pone la potencia "oficial" y la diferencia entre lo medido y lo declarado en porcentaje.


Opposite Cosplay, consisting of Nikki and Caity Bair, is a sister cosplaying duo from Vancouver, BC.
They have been cosplaying since Sakura Con 2011 and since their debut they have become quite involved in the Vancouver cosplay community and convention scene. Caity is a performer and voice actor, who has worked on many video game and animation projects. Nikki is a Theatre Production student at UBC, specializing in props and costumes.
Together they make up the ideal duo, with Caity on stage as the front man, and Nikki behind the scenes building the costumes. They believe that cosplay is for fun, and for everyone.


Here at Quest Church we promote our children in June. This means you will register your child in the grade they will attend in the fall of 2019. Example: your child is currently in kindergarten and, at the end of the school year they will promote to 1st grade, you will register your child in the 1st grade group.
When registering your 3k-5k child, take notice to the date next to each age group on the registration form. Your child must have turned that age between those dates. If you have a special request for your child to be on a specific team, please indicate that at the bottom of this registration form. We will do our best to accommodate your request.
For more information or questions, Please contact Nina Fiedler, Kids Pastor at Quest Church. nina@thequestonline.com.


Sometimes we need an extra pocket to carry and protect small and personal items. This simple and unique zipper pouch is lightweight and very durable.
Dimensions: 13,5cm x10 cm / 5,31"x3,93" approx.
Weight: 0.075 Kg (product plus packaging).


text:
Rolling Stones to reissue Sympathy For The Devil documentary
The Rolling Stones will release a 50th anniversary edition of their 1968 documentary, "Sympathy For The Devil", on October 5.
Directed by Jean-Luc Godard, the film – originally titled "One Plus One" for the European market – captures the Stones working on and recording their iconic opening track from "Beggars Banquet" while presenting scenes on contemporary politics and social issues of the era.
The Rolling Stones original line up of Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Brian Jones, Charlie Watts and Bill Wyman were joined by Nicky Hopkins, Marianne Faithfull, Anita Pallenberg and James Fox in the landmark sessions that took place at Olympic Sound Studios in London in June 1968.
"Politics came for us whether we liked it or not, once in the odd personage of Jean-Luc Godard, the great French cinematic innovator," wrote Richards in his 2010 memoir, "Life." "Sympathy for the Devil is by chance a record of the song by us of that name being born in the studio. The song turned after many takes from a Dylanesque, rather turgid folk song into a rocking samba—from a turkey into a hit—by a shift of rhythm, all recorded in stages by Jean-Luc…."
"Sympathy For The Devil" – which premiered at the 1968 London film festival – has been restored in 4K from the original 35mm camera negative that was initially released in 1969.
The expanded rerelease of the film includes numerous extras including the entirety of "One Plus One" (Godard's director's cut) as well as "Voices", a 1968 documentary on the making of "Sympathy For The Devil", along with a 2018 documentary featuring interviews with Tony Richmond and Mim Scala, one of the film's producers.
Ahead of the expanded 50th anniversary reissue, "Sympathy For The Devil" will be previewed during two special US screenings: at The American Cinematheque's Egyptian Theater in Los Angeles on Friday, September 7, and during a week-long run at New York's Museum Of Modern Art from Thursday, September 13 through Friday, September 19.
Tony Richmond will be on hand at the Egyptian on September 7 and MoMA on Thursday, September 13 for post screening conversations. Howard Rodman, former President of the Writers Guild of America West and former chair of the writing division of the USC School of Cinematic Arts will moderate the discussion at the Egyptian while Josh Siegel, curator of the department of film at MoMA, will moderate the post screening conversation on September 13.
View the original 1968 film trailer for "Sympathy For The Devil" below.
A recent report confirmed that The Rolling Stones' recently-completed No Filter tour topped more than $237.8 million dollars in revenue; the 2017-2018 trek saw the band perform 28 sold-out shows to more than 1.5 million fans across the UK and Europe.
The Rolling Stones: No Filter tour tops more than $230 million
The Rolling Stones curate vintage blues compilation
The Rolling Stones among rockers in Top 10 of 2018 worldwide concert tour report
VIDEO: The Rolling Stones stream Honky Tonk Women from 1999 San Jose concert


text:
Business Assurance Services
Chain of custody standard for plastics retrieved from the hydrosphere
Download the standard
The public DNV standard provides a best practice to certify the source and authenticity (Chain of Custody) of abandoned plastic and build trust in new products made from reclaimed plastic.
The problem of plastic garbage in our hydrosphere (oceans, rivers and lakes) is massive. Solving it requires ground-breaking technologies, significant efforts and resources. Moreover, extracting the plastic from oceans and rivers is only the first step in addressing one of the biggest threats to our world's waters. There are currently trillions of pieces of plastic in our oceans with an estimated 8 million pieces added every day. Success hinges on the ability to extract more plastic at a greater scale and higher speed.
DNV's Chain of Custody Standard for Plastics Retrieved in the Hydrosphere sets forth requirements to assure the traceability and integrity of reclaimed plastic from any body of water. The product certification provides proof of compliance. Organisations can share with confidence the source of the material and that it has not been mixed with any other components after extraction from a specific location.
The standard covers three main components:
Material integrity: Material gathered from the specified body of water has not been mixed with material from other sources before being manufactured into a new product.
Traceability: Location, integrity, mass and use of the plastic is made traceable from water to shore and as part of a new product.
Systemic approach: Management system in place that enables full traceability of material characteristics along the supply chain
The standard has been developed in partnership with The Ocean Cleanup, who has been the first to apply it and seek certification for its reclaimed plastic from The Great Pacific Garbage Patch. However, the standard is public and can be followed by any organisation retrieving plastic from the hydrosphere, i.e. oceans, rivers or lakes.
Provide proof of your plastic's source and authenticity (material integrity) certified by an independent party.
Differentiate your reclaimed plastic from that of less serious players.
Allow anyone to trace the plastic back to its extraction site and view its onward journey.
Create a level of transparency that enables customers to trust that their purchases really help make an ocean, river or lake cleaner from plastic waste.
How to get certified?
When an organisation has implemented the appropriate processes to meet the standard's criteria and agreed scope for its extracted plastic, DNV as an independent third party can certify the plastic. This product certification provides proof that the reclaimed plastic comes from the specific body of water indicated, has not been mixed with other materials, and is the actual material used in a new product, if this is its final purpose.
To trace the plastic's source and assure material integrity, the scope covers the entire value chain and life cycle:
Harvest and Extraction
Transport and Sorting
Recycling and Testing
Manufacturing and Shipping
Based upon the location and value chain complexity, DNV auditors will mix physical audits, visual inspection and digital tools to collect the data needed to certify the traceability and authenticity of the reclaimed plastic.
Photo: The Ocean Cleanup
My Story™ - A blockchain-powered digital assurance solution
FSC® - Chain of Custody Certification
Green & Efficient Supply Chain Solutions
ISO/IEC 27701 - privacy information management system


From the Declaration of Independence, the second "fact" that the then King of Great Britain had a history of "repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States:"
The King would not support the laws passed by the colonies or would delay acknowledging them for years.
Replacing King with the name of any modern U.S. President, we have seen how our federal chief executive and his administration have constantly attempted to thwart the efforts and laws of the states to do what is in their best interest. As Jefferson stated, the laws were "neglected in England for years, neither confirming them by his assent, nor annulling them by his negative."
Modern "laws" involve such subjects and debates as immigration, commerce, housing, transportation, military bases, death penalty, assisted suicide, gay marriage and the medicinal use of marijuana.
America was founded on the principle of a small federal government and stronger state governments. American federalism has been inverted by power hungry financiers and large corporations through their support of specific politicians and related movements.
"Fact two" in the Declaration of Independence as to why many British left Britain is present in American society today.
The federal government seems only able to agree on a law when that law benefits the "power hungry financiers and large corporations". Any legislation that has the possibility of helping ordinary Americans or conforming to the will of the majority is argued to death but never passed.
It is time to revisit the Declaration and realize that "a long train of abuses and usurpations, ...evinces a design to reduce us under absolute Despotism, and it is our right, it is our duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for our future security."


One of the biggest challenges facing bodybuilders is ensuring that all muscle fibers have been recruited and exhausted during an exercise so muscle gains can be maximized during each and every workout.
Bottom line we want results from the efforts we put into the gym.
In order to achieve this you have to work beyond failure and experience a higher level of training intensity than before. This also ensures that your workouts remain challenging and continue to produce progress over time.
If you find yourself going through the motions during a workout it's time to introduce new ways of raising your level of intensity.
But how do you go about increasing your workout intensity?
Unfortunately, the more is better approach is not the right answer. One of the biggest dangers confronting serious bodybuilders is the tendency to over train.
You have to resist the temptation to seek improvement by simply adding more exercises or extra workouts to an already demanding training regimen.
While there are many different techniques for increasing training intensity, here we'll focus on the role that partial reps play.
Partial reps allow the introduction of additional intensity to your exercise without adding significantly to the duration of your training.
Partial rep training, in a nutshell, involves only moving the weight in a shortened range of motion. The key is to always use the strongest portion of the rep. For example, for the bench press; this would be lowering the bar halfway down and then powering it back up.
It can be anywhere in the range of motion of an exercise whether its bench press, curls, shoulder p ress, squats, etc.
1. Use a much heavier weight than you would for the full range version of the same exercise.
2. Perform partial reps only from the halfway stage or mid-point of the exercise.
3. Use this method primarily on lagging body parts.
4. Perform only one exercise for one set per body part.
5. Use only as a supplement to full range movement exercises, not instead of.
Bodybuilders often reach a plateau which is difficult to break, by introducing techniques such as partial reps; you can significantly raise your workout intensity and stimulate further muscle growth quickly.
Once you have added techniques such as partial reps, negative reps, forced reps, or even training systems such as Sarcoplasma Stimulation Training, you'll know you're well on your way to breaking through those muscle building plateaus.


ABOUT the year 1892, i.e., before the famous Parliament of Religions in the World's Fair at Chicago, I was once returning from Bombay to Poona. At the Victoria Terminus a Sannyasin entered the carriage I was in. A few Gujarati gentlemen were there to see him off. They made the formal introduction and asked the Sannyasin to reside at my house during his stay at Poona. We reached Poona, and the Sannyasin remained with me for eight or ten days. When asked about his name he only said he was a Sannyasin. He made no public speeches here. At home he would often talk about Advaita philosophy and Vedanta. The Swami avoided mixing with society. There was absolutely no money with him. A deerskin, one or two clothes and a kamandalu were his only possessions. In his travels some one would provide a railway ticket for the desired station.
The Swami happened to express a strong hope that as the women in the Maharashtra were not handicapped by the purdah system, it was probable that some of the widows in the higher classes would devote their lives to the spread of spirituality and religion alone like the old yogis of the Buddhist period. The Swami also believed like me that the Shrimad Bhagavad Gita did not preach renunciation but urged every one to work unattached and without the desire for fruits of the work.
I was at that time a member of the Deccan Club in the Hirabag which used to hold weekly meetings. At one of these meetings the Swami accompanied me. That evening the late Kashinath Govind Nath made a fine speech on a philosophical subject. No one had to say anything. But the Swami rose and spoke in fluent English presenting the other aspect of the subject very lucidly. Every one there was thus convinced of his high abilities. The Swami left Poona very soon after this.
Two or three years thereafter Swami Vivekananda returned to India with world-wide fame owing to his grand success at the Parliament of Religions and also after that both in England and America. He received an address wherever he went and on every one of such occasions he made a thrilling reply. I happened to see his likeness in some of the newspapers, and from the similarity of features I thought that the Swami who had resided at my house must have been the same. I wrote to him accordingly inquiring if my inference was correct and requesting him to kindly pay a visit to Poona on his way to Calcutta. I received a fervent reply in which the Swami frankly admitted that he was the same Sannyasin and expressed his regret at not being able to visit Poona then. This letter is not available. It must have been destroyed along with many others, public and private, after the close of the Kesari Prosecution of 1897.
Once after this, during one of the Congress sessions at Calcutta, I had gone with some friends to see the Belur Math of the Ramakrishna Mission. There Swami Vivekananda received us very cordially. We took tea. In the course of the conversation Swamiji happened to remark somewhat in a jocular spirit that it would be better if I renounced the world and took up his work in Bengal while he would go and continue the same in Maharashtra. "One does not carry," he said, "the same influence in one's own province as in a distant one."


text:
Last Updated: Friday, 29 December 2006, 11:14 GMT
Pupil testing worries archbishop
Dr Rowan Williams says children must not be overloaded
Pupils should face fewer tests and should be given more time to develop at their own pace, the Archbishop of Canterbury has said.
Dr Rowan Williams said, while it was right to make education an accountable business, testing had produced a "hurried culture" of rounds of tests.
Speaking on Radio 4's Today programme, he also expressed concern that children were being turned into consumers.
The Department for Education stressed that tests were here to stay.
But Dr Williams told the Today programme there should be "more space" in the education system and schools should have time to explore the "creative", if not productive, aspects of human growth.
Tests 'non-negotiable'
He said the education system may have overloaded children with exams.
"I think we very rightly wanted to make education an accountable business.
"I think the way we've gone about it has produced a hurried culture where you've got to make absolutely sure you've got children through the next round or over the next hurdle.
"It is a very competitive world but if they're not going to be crushed and mangled by that competitive world they've got to have some inner resources."
One of the examples of a hurried culture is hurrying to get children into the market
Dr Rowan Williams
Williams' regrets over Iraq
However, the government stressed that tests were "a non-negotiable part of school reform".
"They provide valuable objective evidence in the core subjects, helping inform further improvements to teaching and learning," a DfES spokesman said.
Children as consumers
Dr Williams also said he feared that children were being turned into consumers at too young an age.
"One of the examples of a hurried culture is hurrying to get children into the market, to get them in to the adult world rather than giving them the time they need."
He said children needed "a sort of latency period" to grow and explore at their own rate.
"We want children to be consumers as soon as we can get them to be consumers.
"We want them to be involved in the adult world of purchasing, marketing and all the rest of it.
"I've been worried about that for quite a long time. It's not an entirely new thing but it does seem to be getting more marked."
Pupil tests 'should be replaced'
27 Dec 06 | Education
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Primary schools miss test targets
Department for Education and Skills
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Blackberry launched its Passport smartphone yesterday at three events which took place in London, Dubai, and Toronto. We were unable to give full reports concerning the phone, which we will be covering in this post.
The new Passport would be priced at $599 for unlocked version in the US. The firm also declare that device can be purchase via there online store shopblackberry.com, which is available for customers living in France, Germany, Canada, UK, and US. The smartphone will also be available at $250 with a 2 years contract on US network carrier AT&T.
The new Blackberry Passport features a 4.5-inch IPS LCD display with a resolution of 1440x1440 pixel touting 453ppi pixel density. The smartphone runs newest Blackberry 10 OS version 10.3 and features new Blackberry virtual assistant, which the firm claims is specifically design for works.
The Passport is powered by a 2.2GHz quad-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 801 processor, coupled with 3GB of RAM. It comes with a 32GB built-in storage which is expandable up to 128GB via MicroSD card.
It houses a 13-megapixel rear snapper with BSI sensor, and there's 2-megapixel front camera onboard. On the connectivity front, the Passport features 4G LTE, Bluetooth 4.0, Wifi 802.11ac, 3G, NFC, OTG, GPS/A-GPS, Micro HDMI, DLNA, and Micro-USB. It is backed by a 3450mAh battery, rated to deliver up to 30 hours on normal usage.


text:
Q: How do I access a variable declared in one function from a second function? I'm new to programming in C#, and im looking for a quick solution. I have 2 buttons on form, one is calling the DownloadFileAsync(), and the second one should cancel this operation.
Code of first button:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
...
WebClient webClient = new WebClient();
webClient.DownloadFileAsync(new Uri(textBox1.Text), destination);
}

Code of second button:
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
webClient.CancelAsync(); // yes, sure, WebClient is not known here.
}

Im looking for an idea how to solve this problem quickly (use the webClient from first function, in block of second).

A: That isn't a private variable. webClient goes out of scope. You will have to make it a member variable of the class.
class SomeClass {
    WebClient webClient = new WebClient();

    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        ...
        webClient.DownloadFileAsync(new Uri(textBox1.Text), destination);
    }
}

A: You must to define webClient globally in your class (scope of variable). webClient on button2_Click is out of scope.
Form MSDN: Scopes

The scope of a local variable declared in a local-variable-declaration is the block in which the declaration occurs.

and

The scope of a member declared by a class-member-declaration is the class-body in which the declaration occurs.

so that
class YourClass
{
     // a member declared by a class-member-declaration
     WebClient webClient = new WebClient();

    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //a local variable
        WebClient otherWebClient = new WebClient();
        webClient.DownloadFileAsync(new Uri(textBox1.Text), destination);
    }

    private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        // here is out of otherWebClient scope
        // but scope of webClient not ended
        webClient.CancelAsync();
    }

}

A: The webclient is declared in button1_Click method and is avialble in the scope this method
Hence you cannot use it in button2_Click method
Instead the compiler will fail your build
To reslove this please move the webClient declaration outside the method and make it available at class level


text:
Q: JButtons do not appear until MouseOver I'm trying to get JButtons which have been added to a JPanel to show up during the execution of a program, however they only appear when I hover the mouse of them, they remain invisible until then.
Below is my code, I've tried repaint() and revalidate() with no luck.
There also seems to be an issue with the height of the JPanel, it seems to be larger than the main Window for some reason
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.*;

public final class SideMenu extends JPanel implements ActionListener{
    private final int width;
    private final int height;

    public SideMenu(int width, int height){
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
        this.setLayout(new GridLayout(0,1));
        this.add(new JButton("button1"));
        this.add(new JButton("button2"));
        this.add(new JButton("button3"));
        this.revalidate();
        this.repaint();
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        g.setColor(Color.black);
        g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        repaint();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
        int width = 300, height = 400;

        JFrame jf = new JFrame();
        jf.setTitle("Fish Tank");
        jf.setSize(width, height);
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setLayout(null);
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        ///jf.setResizable(false);

        SideMenu side_menu = new SideMenu(100,height);
        jf.add(side_menu);
        side_menu.setBounds(200, 0, 100, height);
    }
}

A: Use paintComponent(..) method instead of paint(..):
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    super.paintComponent(g);
    g.setColor(Color.black);
    g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
}

Read more about custom paintings.
Also call jf.setVisible(true); at the end of construction of GUI, when you add all components to JFrame.


text:
Q: Sampling without replacement with unequal, dependent probabilities So from answers to the question, Randomly Generating Combinations From Variable Weights, I've managed to sample without replacement given unequal probabilities. I've implemented this in my particular context and it works great.
Now I have access to additional information about my distribution. Specifically, I've been using a neural network to generate these probabilities so far, and I've now trained my neural network to output a probability for each pair of unique objects, in addition to probabilities for individual objects.
So if the population is [A, B, C, D, E, F] and I'll be sampling groups of size 3, then I have access to the probability that the resulting sample will contain both A and B, or the probability that the resulting sample will contain both C and E, etc. I also still have access to the probabilities that the sample contains any of the individual elements.
The question above has made me realize that sampling is a much harder problem than I had initially expected it to be. Still, I'm wondering if there's any way this information about the probability of these pairs could be used to make my sample better match my actual target distribution.
Using the method discussed in the first answer of the question above, where gradient descent is used to find probabilities that result in the correct conditional probabilities, when supplied the following probabilities:
[0.349003, 0.56702, 0.384279, 0.627456, 0.585684, 0.486558] (for the respective elements of the population from above)
a sample of 3,000,000 groups follows the following distribution, where intersections of the matrix represent the probability that a sampled group contains both the elements that are intersected:
   A          B          C          D          E          F
A [0.34860067 0.15068367 0.09183067 0.17385267 0.15775267 0.12308167]
B [0.15068367 0.567596   0.168863   0.309292   0.28285467 0.22349867]
C [0.09183067 0.168863   0.384101   0.19396467 0.175895   0.13764867]
D [0.17385267 0.309292   0.19396467 0.62724833 0.32153967 0.25584767]
E [0.15775267 0.28285467 0.175895   0.32153967 0.58571833 0.23339467]
F [0.12308167 0.22349867 0.13764867 0.25584767 0.23339467 0.48673567]

I want to, for example, be able to provide my sampling algorithm with the following matrix:
   A        B        C        D        E        F
A [0.349003 0.148131 0.15166  0.098827 0.151485 0.147903]
B [0.148131 0.56702  0.140829 0.327032 0.331278 0.18677 ]
C [0.15166  0.140829 0.384279 0.190329 0.09551  0.19023 ]
D [0.098827 0.327032 0.190329 0.627456 0.391803 0.246921]
E [0.151485 0.331278 0.09551  0.391803 0.585684 0.201292]
F [0.147903 0.18677  0.19023  0.246921 0.201292 0.486558]

and have its sample's distribution closer to matching this supplied matrix than if only individual probabilities were used as was done above.
I'm okay with the sampling algorithm not perfectly matching the probabilities, though it would be nice if that was possible. Based on my own attempts at this problem, I realize that things are more difficult because though P(A and B) is supplied, it is impossible to derive P(A and B and C) from just the information in the matrix. Basically my question is, is there any way for me to use this additional information I have (probabilities for pairs) in order to produce  samples with distributions that better model my intended distribution than if I used only the probabilities for each individual object.


text:
set -euo pipefail

# Enable automated tests execution
RUN_TESTS="true"
export RUN_TESTS

SKIPPED_FAILED_JOB="Quarantined"
export SKIPPED_FAILED_JOB

SEMAPHORE_NAME="tests"
export SEMAPHORE_NAME

# shellcheck source=scripts/ci/libraries/_script_init.sh
. "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )/../libraries/_script_init.sh"

initialization::set_output_color_variables

BACKEND_TEST_TYPES=(mysql postgres sqlite)

# Starts test types in parallel
# test_types_to_run - list of test types (it's not an array, it is space-separate list)
# ${@} - additional arguments to pass to test execution
function run_quarantined_backend_tests_in_parallel() {
    start_end::group_start "Determining how to run the tests"
    echo
    echo "${COLOR_YELLOW}Running maximum ${MAX_PARALLEL_QUARANTINED_TEST_JOBS} test types in parallel${COLOR_RESET}"
    echo
    start_end::group_end
    start_end::group_start "Monitoring Quarantined tests : ${BACKEND_TEST_TYPES[*]}"
    parallel::initialize_monitoring
    parallel::monitor_progress
    mkdir -p "${PARALLEL_MONITORED_DIR}/${SEMAPHORE_NAME}"
    TEST_TYPE="Quarantined"
    export TEST_TYPE
    for BACKEND in "${BACKEND_TEST_TYPES[@]}"
    do
        export BACKEND
        mkdir -p "${PARALLEL_MONITORED_DIR}/${SEMAPHORE_NAME}/${BACKEND}"
        export JOB_LOG="${PARALLEL_MONITORED_DIR}/${SEMAPHORE_NAME}/${BACKEND}/stdout"
        export PARALLEL_JOB_STATUS="${PARALLEL_MONITORED_DIR}/${SEMAPHORE_NAME}/${BACKEND}/status"
        # Each test job will get SIGTERM followed by SIGTERM 200ms later and SIGKILL 200ms later after 25 mins
        # shellcheck disable=SC2086
        parallel --ungroup --bg --semaphore --semaphorename "${SEMAPHORE_NAME}" \
            --jobs "${MAX_PARALLEL_QUARANTINED_TEST_JOBS}" --timeout 1500 \
            "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )/ci_run_single_airflow_test_in_docker.sh" "${@}" >"${JOB_LOG}" 2>&1
    done
    parallel --semaphore --semaphorename "${SEMAPHORE_NAME}" --wait
    parallel::kill_monitor
    start_end::group_end
}

testing::skip_tests_if_requested

parallel::make_sure_gnu_parallel_is_installed

testing::get_maximum_parallel_test_jobs

testing::get_docker_compose_local

run_quarantined_backend_tests_in_parallel "${@}"

set +e

parallel::print_job_summary_and_return_status_code

echo "Those are quarantined tests so failure of those does not fail the whole build!"
echo "Please look above for the output of failed tests to fix them!"
echo


text:
Qualitative research into Tango advertising developments
Date of publication: May 1, 1977
Catalogue: CRAM/Peter Cooper Archive Collection
Author: CRAM/Peter Cooper Archive
Doyle, Dane, Bernbach Limited have developed a new approach for the advertising of Tango for Beechams Limited. This approach, embodying the 'fruit that dances' theme, was required to be submitted for consumer evaluation, along with two other approaches. All three approaches were in storyboard form.
Advertising Testing
CRAM/Peter Cooper Archive
Qualitative research into Heinz new product developments
, C. (1977a, August 01). Qualitative research into Heinz new product developments. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved January 28, 2023, from
https://ana.esomar.org/documents/qualitative-research-into-heinz-new-product-developments
Report on qualitative research on Corona
, C. (1971a, August 01). Report on qualitative research on Corona. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved January 28, 2023, from
https://ana.esomar.org/documents/report-on-qualitative-research-on-corona
Concept and product research into pop wines
, C. (1975a, March 05). Concept and product research into pop wines. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved January 28, 2023, from
https://ana.esomar.org/documents/concept-and-product-research-into-pop-wines
, C. (1977a, May 01). Qualitative research into Tango advertising developments. ANA - ESOMAR. Retrieved January 28, 2023, from


text:
SportsColumnistsNeil Best
By Neil Best @sportswatch
Barry Trotz is the point man for getting these Islanders back on track
The Islanders, who lost back-to-back games in regulation for the first time since Dec. 4-6, are just 1-3 on their current homestand.
Head coach Barry Trotz of the Islanders looks on during the third period against the Philadelphia Flyers at NYCB Live on Sunday, March 3, 2019 in Uniondale, New York. Photo Credit: Jim McIsaac
Updated March 3, 2019 10:18 PM
So far, so very good for Barry Trotz. But now is the time for him to truly earn his Jack Adams Award as the NHL's Coach of the Year, to earn his salary, to earn the enduring love and respect of Islanders fans.
After Sunday's dispiriting 4-1 loss to the Flyers at NYCB Live's Nassau Coliseum, Trotz finds himself still one victory short of becoming the fourth NHL coach with 800 career victories, and with a team in an ill-timed slump.
The flop against the Flyers dropped them to 1-3 on their homestand — 0-3 in games in which John Tavares was not in the building to provide fans with verbal target practice.
It also dropped them out of first place in the Metropolitan Division for the first time since mid-January, thanks to the Capitals, Trotz's former team, beating the Rangers in a shootout on Sunday afternoon.
So, to review: The Islanders have lost back-to-back games in regulation for the first time since early December, meaning Mr. 799 will need at least three tries to reach 800.
After the game, Trotz was more philosophical than angered, noting that good teams tend to have 10-game stretches in which they dominate as well as other 10-game stretches in which they do not. This is one of the latter.
"Right now, we have to grind through stuff," he said. "We're playing very good teams, teams that are desperate."
This certainly is no time to panic, with the Islanders having a game in hand over the Capitals and still in fine position to make the playoffs and perhaps make some noise there.
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But their star, reigning-Stanley Cup-champion coach is the point man for turning this thing back around, especially in the absence of a superstar veteran such as Tavares in the dressing room.
Betting against Trotz would be unwise, and four of the next five games are at home, starting with the Senators on Tuesday night.
Still, Islanders fans burned by decades of disappointment are hereby authorized to be concerned.
Part of this is simply the ups and downs of a long season. Part of it is that the Islanders no longer sneak up on anyone.
When asked before the game if opponents are taking his team more seriously now, Troitz said, "Yeah, absolutely. Early in the year, I didn't think there were a lot of expectations around the league of what the Islanders were going to be, or are, and the second half, we've been in the upper echelon for a good portion of that.
"I think everybody understands what we do well, so they put a little more time into it. But I think your opposition has a lot more respect for you . . .
"If you want to be an elite team, you have to expect the other team's best game."
The Islanders were not all bad on Sunday, but they showed just enough defensive indifference to allow the visitors to take and keep an early lead.
Trailing 2-0 after one period, they had the better of the play in the second, yet it ended with them trailing 4-0 and with a smattering of boos despite no sign of Tavares in the building.
The regular season ends a month from Wednesday. This is no way to be approaching playoff time.
February is the NHL's dog days. March comes at you fast.
"This time of year, everybody should get excited," Trotz said. "It gets ramped up to a different level; make sure that we can raise our level. I thought we've played a high level of game all year. Can we raise it even more?
"That's the question we have to have every night going in."
Tuesday would be a good night to start.
Neil Best first worked at Newsday in 1982, returned in 1985 after a detour to Alaska and has been here since, specializing in high schools, college basketball, the NFL and most recently sports media and business.


text:
Taliban and Afghan military announce three-day ceasefire
Not setting expectations too high with a 72 hour goal.
By Reuters Staff | Published May 23, 2020 7:59 PM
KABUL (Reuters) – The Taliban declared a three-day Eid ceasefire in Afghanistan starting Sunday, via a tweet on Saturday from the hardline Islamist group, and the country's president said the government would reciprocate.
The move came as fighting between the two sides had intensified despite the coronavirus pandemic.
"Do not carry out any offensive operations against the enemy anywhere, if any action is taken against you by the enemy, defend yourself," Zabihullah Mujahid, a Taliban spokesman, tweeted. He added that the ceasefire was declared solely for Eid festivities marking the end of the holy month of Ramadan.
Afghanistan's President Ashraf Ghani welcomed the Taliban's ceasefire announcement and extended the offer of peace.
"As Commander-in-Chief I have instructed ANDSF (Afghan National Defense and Security Forces) to comply with the three-days truce and to defend only if attacked," he said in a tweet.
Related: Afghanistan in 2019: This is what losing looks like
Last month, the Taliban rejected a government call for a ceasefire across Afghanistan for Ramadan, saying a truce was "not rational" as they ramped up attacks on Afghan forces.
At least 146 civilians were killed and 430 wounded by the Taliban during Ramadan, Javid Faisal, a spokesman for the country's main intelligence and security office in Kabul, said on Saturday.
(Reporting by Abdul Qadir Sediqi, Orooj Hakimi; Writing by Rupam Jain; editing by Jonathan Oatis)
Related: Here's How Top Military Leaders Have Described US 'Progress' In Afghanistan Over The Last Decade
central command


An autoradiograph is an image on an x-ray film or nuclear emulsion produced by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g., beta particles or gamma rays) from a distribution of a radioactive substance. Autoradiography is the process of taking a type of picture, called an autoradiograph, which shows the relative concentration of radioactive material present within the subject. The subject is usually a biologic specimen or human body part. The photographic plate is exposed to radioactive emissions from the subject being studied, producing an image.
This report focuses on the Autoradiography Films in global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.
The global average price of Autoradiography Films is in the decreasing trend, from 1.52 USD/Sheet in 2012 to 1.43 USD/Sheet in 2016. With the situation of global economy, prices will be in decreasing trend in the following five years.
The classification of Autoradiography Films includes Nuclear Emulsion, X-ray Film and others, and the proportion of Nuclear Emulsion in 2016 is about 83%.
Autoradiography Films is widely used for Blotting, Sequencing and other. The most proportion of Autoradiography Films is used in blotting, and the proportion in 2016 is about 82%.
North America is the largest supplier of Autoradiography Films, with a production market share nearly 43% in 2016. Asia Pacific is the second largest supplier of Autoradiography Films Media, enjoying production market share nearly 29% in 2016.
North America is the largest consumption place, with a consumption market share nearly 35% in 2016. Following North America, Europe is the second largest consumption place with the consumption market share of 30%.
Market competition is not intense. Carestream, GE Healthcare, Fujifilm, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, MIDSCI, Diamed, LabScientific and Harvard Bioscience, etc. are the leaders of the industry, and they hold key technologies and patents, with high-end customers; have been formed in the monopoly position in the industry.
The worldwide market for Autoradiography Films is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly 2.7% over the next five years, will reach 110 million US$ in 2023, from 90 million US$ in 2017, according to a new GIR (Global Info Research) study.
There are 15 Chapters to deeply display the global Autoradiography Films market.


Are you tired of your same old boring facebook page? GET YOURSELF A WELCOME PAGE! Here's how to do it for free in about ten minutes. Businesses can do the same and welcome users who arrive at their page. Having a great Facebook landing page can also help to engage new users from the. A complete guide to creating a Facebook Business Page. Everything you need to know about Facebook Pages from creation to posting to.
Learn how to create a Facebook Page that people want to like, read, Start creating useful, meaningful, interesting, or entertaining content that. Pages are for businesses, brands, organizations and public figures to share their stories and connect with people. Like profiles, Pages can be customized with. Create an account or log into Facebook. Share photos and videos, send messages and get updates. Create a Page for a celebrity, band or business.
Go to hola-troncones.com and click Create a Page in the top right hand When you start typing in the category field, you'll see a list of. Here's a a step-by-step tutorial on how to create a Facebook Group. From your "home page" on Facebook go to the Explore - Groups section on the left side. As a result, the subsequent Facebook business page doesn't have a you can fill them out later on a new page in the Facebook Welcome. Would you like to start a Facebook page for your business but aren't sure where to begin? Are you curious about how to manage a page.


Randomly on my account someone is listeting to this Xuobbuhr band. I can see it both on my mobile phone and PC. I changed my password. How can I solve this?
Open Spotify.com on the computer.
Scroll down to the bottom of the page and select sign out everywhere.
I hope this helps you! Please let me know if it doesn't!
It helps, atm it seems that everything is fine. Thanks a lot!


Made in Italy translates into manufacturing excellence: the quality of the raw Materials, the refined design and craftsmanship are appreciated and recognized throughout the world.
Each single jewel is created and followed step by step by a master craftsman: this makes each piece unique.
All the diamonds we use are ethical: it is important for us to ensure that the stones used do not come from war zones.
Bertani was born in the sixties, when Enrico Bertani decided to transform the skills and abilities acquired in the world of precious craftsmanship into entrepreneurial activity. From his encounter with his future wife, Deanna, a union was born both in work and in life which was the key that allowed them to successfully lead the company.
Andrea and Stefania are the new generation that brings renewal while respecting the entrepreneurial tradition.
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