We have prepared colloidal solutions of clusters composed from porous silicon nanoparticles in methanol, water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Even if the size of the nanoclusters is between 60 and 500 nm, due to their highly porous "cauliflower"-like structure, the porous silicon nanoparticles are composed of interconnected nanocrystals having around 2.5 nm in size and showing strong visible luminescence in the orange-red spectral region (centred at 600–700 nm). Hydrophilic behaviour and good solubility of the nanoclusters in water and water-based solutions were obtained by adding hydrogen peroxide into the etching solution during preparation and 16 min long after-bath in hydrogen peroxide. By simple filtration of the solutions with syringe filters, we have extracted smaller nanoclusters with sizes of approx. 60–70 nm; however, these nanoclusters in water and PBS solution (pH neutral) are prone to agglomeration, as was confirmed by zeta potential measurements. When the samples were left at ambient conditions for several weeks, the typical nanocluster size increased to approx. 330–400 nm and then remained stable. However, both freshly filtered and aged samples (with agglomerated porous silicon nanoparticles) of porous silicon in water and PBS solutions can be further used for biological studies or as luminescent markers in living cells.
Nanocrystalline silicon has been studied for the 20 years not only due its potential use in silicon nanophotonics or for enhancing solar energy conversion  but also in biological and medical applications. Silicon nanoparticles extracted from highly porous silicon (Si-ncs) showing visible room-temperature luminescence have been suggested to be used, e.g. as fluorescent labels, biological sensors, photoresponsive systems for regulated drug delivery or scaffold for various tissues [2–5]. Photo- and sono-senzitizing properties of porous silicon were successfully employed in simultaneous cancer therapy and diagnostics (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4562-8) [6, 7], and efficient uptake of the nanoparticles by cancer cells was demonstrated in vitro . Si-ncs are explored as in vivo imaging agents [9, 10], too. The main advantages of Si-ncs are low cytotoxicity , easy functionalization , efficient photoluminescence  and bio-degradability (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2016.04.004) [14, 15]. However, many requirements should be fulfilled in order to produce nanocrystals suitable for biological research such as relevant size and narrow size distribution, good dispersability in the cell environment and good long-term stability.
For biological in vivo studies, perhaps even for the use of silicon nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery, suitable samples are colloidal solutions in water-based (non-toxic) or isotonic solvents such as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); alcohol solutions in methanol or ethanol must be strongly diluted because of their toxicity for living cells. Further requirement is that the nanoparticles must have suitable size of the order of units, tens or maximally couple of hundreds nanometers  in order to easily penetrate into the cells via endocytosis process. Last but not least, the Si-ncs have to be hydrophilic (easily soluble in water) and stable in time, without any agglomeration tendency.
In this paper, we report on colloidal solutions of Si-ncs in methanol, water and PBS. Methanol was used for comparison and easy solubility of the Si-ncs in it; however, an intentional solvent was PBS because it is a non-toxic and isotonic buffer solution commonly used in biological research and medicine. Native hydrophobicity of porous silicon was overcome by modification of the preparation conditions—a small amount of hydrogen peroxide added to the etching bath, and short after-bath in hydrogen peroxide causes a switch to hydrophilic behaviour of the Si-ncs. We address here the problem of the agglomeration of the nanocrystals in the colloidal solutions. Hydrophilic oxidized Si-ncs tend to agglomerate due to their physical properties, such as zeta potential, but it is relatively a long process, it takes its course in the time interval of several weeks.
Luminescent porous silicon nanoparticles were prepared by standard anodic electrochemical etching of a p-type  silicon wafer (boron doped, resistivity of 0.06–0.1 Ωcm) in a 1:3 aqueous-HF (49 %) solution in ethanol for 2 h at a current density 1.6 mA/cm2. The etching produces a ~250-nm thick layer of highly porous silicon (see Fig. 1a) which has a typical cauliflower structure clearly visible in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image in Fig. 1b. However, such "standard" porous silicon prepared by the above-mentioned and typically used preparation conditions is hydrophobic, and its solubility in water and water-based isotonic solutions including PBS is very limited. Hydrophilic behaviour of the porous silicon can be achieved by slightly modifying the etching conditions: During etching of the second type of porous silicon (which will be further denoted as "white" due to white-ivory colour of the samples), higher current density (2.5 mA/cm2) was used, a small amount of 30 % hydrogen peroxide was added to the electrolyte (2 ml of H2O2 in total 50 ml of electrolyte) and the resulting porous silicon sample was then post-etched in a hydrogen peroxide bath for 16 min. These preparation conditions are empirically optimised and lead to the highest effect on the infrared and photoluminescence spectra compared to the samples obtained by the "standard" etching procedure.
Porous silicon powders were then mechanically scraped from the etched wafers, and after ultrasonic pulverization (band ultrasonic finger of 2.5 mm in diameter) and optional filtering by 1-μm syringe filters, the dispersions in methanol, water or PBS were obtained. Starting nanoparticles' concentration was always 2 mg of Si-ncs powders in 1 cm3 of solvent. More detailed description of the preparation procedure and characterization of both types of samples by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction can be found in our previous publications [16–18].
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed using an electron microscope Tescan Maia3 with the electron bias of 10 keV. The size of Si nanoparticles in colloidal suspensions was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern), the samples being illuminated by the 633 nm line of a He-Ne laser and signal was detected in a backscattering geometry. The dynamic nanocluster sizes were calculated by Zetasizer software in General purpose (normal) resolution mode. The apparatus was equipped by a zeta potential and titrator unit (MPT-2). The titration unit enables to change the pH of the sample by adding small amounts of 0.2 or 0.02 M HCl and 0.25 M NaOH to the sample, and zeta potential is measured at individual pH points. The pH dependence of zeta potential was measured both in the acid-to-base and base-to-acid direction.
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded by a Thermo Scientific Nicolet iN10 infrared microscope. Photoluminescence (PL) was excited by a 325-nm line of a continuous wave HeCd laser and detected by imaging spectrograph connected to an Andor CCD camera. All spectra were recorded at room temperature and corrected for the spectral response of the detection path.
Figure 2 showing FTIR spectra of both types of samples—native "standard" and "white" porous silicon layers attached to the silicon wafers, before mechanical scraping from the substrate—demonstrates the basic difference between these samples. While "standard" porous silicon sample exhibits a clear peak at 2104 cm−1 attributed to the presence of Si-H2 bonds and a peak at 2135 cm−1 attributed to the presence of Si-H3 bonds, a series of peaks at around 880–1100 cm−1 due to valence and deformation vibrations of Si-O bonds is more pronounced in "white" porous silicon. Carbon-related vibrations around 2800–3000 cm−1, 2356 cm−1 and 1640 cm−1 as well as OH band above 3000 cm−1 are likely related to the remnants of the ethanol etching solution and are not of interest. Therefore, silicon nanocrystals composing "white" porous silicon have more strongly oxidized surface than partially hydrogenized and partially oxidized "standard" ones (OSi-Hx vibration at 2259 cm−1 is present in both types of samples).
The nanocrystal core of "white" porous silicon is smaller which is implied by the blue shift of photoluminescence (Fig. 3) due to the stronger quantum confinement effect—the PL of "standard" porous silicon is red (peaked at 700 nm), while the PL of "white" porous silicon is light orange and centred at around 600 nm. More complex PL studies and discussion of the PL origin can be found in Refs. [19–23].
Figure 4 compares the hydrodynamic diameters of selected freshly prepared and filtered colloidal solutions determined by DLS together with corresponding zeta potentials. In alcohol solutions (an example is given by the red line in Fig. 4 corresponding to "standard" Si-ncs in methanol), the filtration by syringe filters of both kinds of samples is easy and it is possible to obtain nanoclusters with typical size of about 100 nm. Zeta potential of all the samples and solvents was negative, i.e. Si-ncs in solutions are surrounded with negative charge. However, the negative charge must be sufficiently high in order to repel the nanoclusters from each other; the limit where electrostatic potential on the nanocrystals' surface becomes sufficient to repel the nanoclusters from each other and prevent agglomeration does not depend on the particles' material and is around −30 mV. Both kinds of Si-ncs in the methanol solutions are reasonably stable; their zeta potential gets slightly below −30 mV (results for "white" porous silicon in methanol are not shown, but are similar to the methanol solutions of "standard" Si-ncs). Water-based colloidal solutions, however, are possible only to make with hydrophilic "white" Si-ncs. The obtained Si-ncs' size is smaller, approx. 60–70 nm; however, the filtration yield is substantially lower than in alcohol solutions. Moreover, zeta potential around −20 mV indicates a tendency of the nanoclusters to agglomerate in the solution.
The agglomeration of "white" Si-ncs in water-based colloidal solutions—the increase of the nanoclusters' size in time—becomes apparent from Fig. 5: The freshly prepared and filtered sample of "white" porous silicon in PBS solution is composed of ~60-nm nanoclusters. If the sample is left for several weeks at ambient conditions, the nanoclusters will get bigger and form 300–400-nm sized aggregates. In order to avoid this agglomeration in subsequent biological research, either only freshly prepared colloidal solutions can be used or there are a few possibilities to stabilise the solutions: First, it is possible to vary slightly the pH of colloidal solutions in order to increase the absolute value of the zeta potential (providing that the solution is still not toxic for living cells due to pH); the second possibility is the stabilization of nanocrystals via passivating their surface with simple organic compounds.
Figure 6 shows the pH dependencies of zeta potential of both "standard" and "white" Si-ncs in colloidal solutions (non-filtered samples, initially in water). Both curves decrease with increasing pH which is a well-known fact—acids with excess of positive ions decrease the negative charge on the surface of the nanoclusters while bases with excess of negative OH− groups increase the Si-ncs' negative charge. For the sake of biological and medicinal studies, the region of interest is neutral pH between 5.5 and 7.5, where is plateau. In this central region, the zeta potential of "standard" Si-ncs gets around the limit value of −30 mV. On the other side, the whole curve for "white" Si-ncs is shifted to lower zeta potentials, i.e. to the region with good solution stability. Corresponding hydrodynamic size of the nanoclusters is about 330 nm for both types of porous silicon.
Therefore, "white" Si-ncs are not only much more suitable for the preparation of isotonic colloidal solutions due to their hydrophilicity but also the solutions of Si-ncs with sizes of ~330 nm reveal much better stability in time. "White" Si-ncs whose surface si to the higher degree oxidized – negatively charged oxygen atoms on the Si-ncs' surface make more negative electric charge than positively charged hydrogen atoms in "standard" porous silicon samples. A series of the samples with graded amount of oxygen is now being produced, and further study of their zeta potentials is in progress.
Colloidal dispersions of porous silicon nanocrystals in methanol, water and PBS show visible luminescence peaked at 600–700 nm in dependence on the etching conditions. "White" Si-ncs are hydrophilic and more suitable for preparing colloidal solutions for biological research. In freshly prepared, ultrasonicated and filtered solutions, it is possible to obtain Si-nc clusters of ~60 nm in size; however, they agglomerate, and in the time horizon of several weeks, their size increases to 300–400 nm. Colloidal solutions of "white" Si-ncs of that increased size remain stable and can be subsequently used for biological studies (cytotoxicity, fluorescent labels for single molecule detection in the cell).
This work was supported by project DAAD-15-18. The authors would like to thank Dr. J. Dian from the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, for experimental assistance at measuring the FTIR spectra.
KH conceived the idea, supervised the research, coordinated the work and wrote the manuscript. MŠ and PŠ performed the etching, ultrasonication and filtration of the silicon nanoclusters and assisted with the measurements of DLS and photoluminescence. MŠ measured and interpreted the FTIR spectra. OC performed the measurements of DLS and photoluminescence spectra. AF assisted in the preparation of the samples and measured the pH dependence of the zeta potential. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


text:
National Security And Ex-Im
In the course of its mission to support American exports, the U.S. Export-Import Bank also supports American economic diplomacy and national security. Read below to see what national security, foreign policy, and diplomatic experts say about the critical mission of the Ex-Im Bank.
Hugh Hewitt, Author And Conservative Radio Show Host, and Dan Renberg, Conservative and Former Ex-Im Board Member
Ending Ex-Im Is "Literally Shooting Ourselves In The Foot As A Nation In Terms Of Global Trade Competitiveness.""Yeah, well, the down side is that we would be literally shooting ourselves in the foot as a nation in terms of our global trade competitiveness. Every industrialized nation has an official export credit agency, or ECA. That's what the U.S. Ex-Im Bank is, and we were one of the first, if not the first, one of the first. All of our competitors that are in major industrialized nations have them. And then developing nations have also gotten their own ECA's. In fact, we're being outslugged by the Koreans. I just want to, I found a statistic that just fascinates me. The Korean Export Credit Agency, they used, they gave $2 billion dollars more than Ex-Im Bank in terms of supported exports last year, $2 billion more, even though their economy is one-tenth the size of the U.S." (Hugh Hewitt and Dan Renberg, "Yes To Reauthorizing The Export-Import Bank," Hugh Hewitt, 4/27/15)
John Bolton, Former Ambassador to the United Nations
Ex-Im Must Be Renewed Because It Is An "Arm Of U.S. National-Security Policy." "Bluntly stated, the Ex-Im Bank is, therefore, also a political weapon. Whether in sales of big-ticket items that have military as well as civilian applications (such as airplanes and high-tech components), or in American exports into particularly sensitive countries and regions (such as Latin America, where China is vigorously expanding its 'commercial' presence), the Ex-Im Bank has been an arm of U.S. national-security policy." (John Bolton, "A Reaganesque solution to the Ex-Im Bank dilemma," Washington Times, 5/26/15)
Twelve Former U.S. Officials Including Former U.S. Secretary Of State Madeleine Albright and Former U.S. Secretary Of Defense William Cohen
Twelve Former Top National Security Officials Say Ending Ex-Im Is Unilateral Disarmament."The letter said China was expanding its reach in Africa, particularly through long-term infrastructure projects, and Ex-Im was a valuable tool to counter competitors. 'Unilateral disarmament has never been considered a viable defense policy, and we cannot think of a reason why it should be considered a rational export policy,' the letter said." (Krista Hughes, "Former Top U.S. Officials Urge Lifeline For Export Credit Agency," Reuters, 2/12/15)
Twelve Top Former U.S. Officials: It Would Be "Inconceivable" To Dismantle Ex-Im In The Current National Security Climate. "Indeed, many global customers require access to export credit agency funding as a prerequisite to submit a proposal. Without access to the Ex-Im Bank, US manufacturers could lose deals before they even begin to assemble their bids. To us, it is inconceivable that some in Congress could contemplate dismantling the Ex-Im Bank while the dynamics of global trade remain as they are. Unilateral disarmament has never been considered a viable defense policy, and we cannot think of a reason why it should be considered a rational export policy." (Letter To Congressional Leadership, 2/11/15)
General Petraeus and Brookings' Michael O'Hanlon
Ex-Im Supports Industries "Integral To Our Country's Security Interests." "The total value of exports in 2013 linked to such loans was $37 billion, with nearly $12 billion for smaller businesses. Whether or not all these prospective exports and jobs would have dried up without the bank, there is little doubt that it has helped considerably with American employment as well as our national balance of payments. Because economic strength and manufacturing as well as scientific prowess are among the foundations of national power, we see these attributes as integral to our country's security interests as well." (David Petraeus and Michael O'Hanlon, "Petraeus and O'Hanlon: Export-Import Bank an easy call," USA Today, 9/5/14)
General James L. Jones, Former National Security Advisor and Supreme Allied Commander Europe
Those Against Ex-Im Reauthorization "Base Their Arguments On A World That Doesn't Exist.""Many opponents of reauthorization base their arguments on a world that doesn't exist, where markets are untrammeled by state-supported export finance. The reality is that throughout the world approximately 60 export credit agencies are jockeying to offer enticing financing terms with a view to winning more and more sales for the companies domiciled in their respective nations, often at our expense. China, Europe, Russia and even Canada have expanded their state-backed export support even as Congress continues to deliberate on the future of Ex-Im. One of China's multiple export credit arms has authorized more financing in the last two years than Ex-Im has since its founding eight decades ago." (General James Jones, "Keep The Export-Import Bank: Column," USA Today, 5/19/15)
Export Credit Assistance "Anchors A Critical Component Of America's Competitiveness Toolkit." "Fact: America must fiercely compete for these markets with other countries for sales, for investments, and to develop supply chains. Fact: Export credit – the kind provided by the Ex-Im Bank – anchors a critical component of America's competitiveness toolkit. Since its founding during America's effort to emerge from the Great Depression, the Ex-Im bank has supported American jobs by financing our exports when competitive, affordable rates are not commercially available or when U.S. companies face competition in foreign markets from foreign state-backed competitors provided financing by their governments. Ex-Im levels the playing field for American businesses so they can compete in foreign markets against foreign competitors." (General JamesJones, Testimony Before The House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee On Terrorism, Nonproliferation And Trade, 5/19/15)
George Landrith, President, Frontiers of Freedom
Reagan Would Not Have Supported "Economic Unilateral Disarmament" By Ending Ex-Im. "And if we unilaterally abolish the Ex-Im Bank without having verifiable and enforceable free trade agreements, we are effectively engaging in unilateral economic disarmament. Just as unilateral nuclear disarmament is naive and dangerous, unilateral economic disarmament will impose real economic costs on America. Perhaps, this is why President Ronald Reagan backed reauthorization of the Ex-Im Bank. No one can question Reagan's conservative credentials or his commitment to free markets. But Reagan also understood that we cannot engage in economic unilateral disarmament." (George Landrith, "Unilateral Disarmament is Dangerous — in Both a National Security Context and as Economic Policy," Townhall, 5/18/15)
Susan Rice, National Security Advisor
Ex-Im "Essential" To Reaching Emerging Markets And "An Important Part Of Our Diplomacy." "That's why the Export-Import Bank of the United States is essential. Last year, financing from the Bank helped thousands of American entrepreneurs reach new markets and grow their small businesses. It supported 164,000 private sector American jobs. And, it didn't cost the American taxpayer a penny—Ex-Im returned $675 million to the Treasury. That's the very definition of a win-win. And, I can tell you, when President Obama meets with foreign leaders, Ex-Im is an important part of our diplomacy. So, I join the President, Members of Congress from both parties, the American Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Manufacturers, and small business owners across the country in calling on Congress to reauthorize the Ex-Im Bank with a long-term mandate to continue its vital work." (Susan Rice, "Remarks at the Export-Import Bank's Annual Conference," 4/24/15)
Loren Thompson, Fellow, Lexington Institute
Thompson Argues That Foreign Competitors Are Subsidizing Their Businesses, Unlike The Ex-Im Bank. "Ex-Im programs don't cost taxpayers a cent, because any loans have to be paid back with interest. In fact, Ex-Im gave the Treasury a billion dollars in excess fees last year that it had collected and didn't need to sustain ongoing operations. Trade subsidies, meaning government giveaways to support exports, are a real problem — France subsidizes Airbus, China subsidizes Huawei. But Ex-Im doesn't subsidize anybody." (Loren Thompson, "Heritage Attack On Ex-Im Bank Reflects Ignorance Of Critics," Lexington Institute, 6/5/14)
Ending Ex-Im Leaves The U.S. "Weaker, Not Stronger." "Winston Churchill famously said 'I would not sacrifice my own generation to a principle — however high — or a truth however great.' Apparently today's GOP back-benchers do not agree since abolishing Ex-Im Bank would hit a lot of "red states" hard. More companies in Texas tap Ex-Im credit programs to finance their exports than in any other state; if those programs go away, so will thousands of jobs in the Lone Star state. And why precisely is this necessary? Will it save taxpayers money, or reduce the deficit, or promote free trade? The answer is "none of the above." All it will accomplish is to score ideological points while doing nothing to address pressing issues such as the growth of the welfare state or the decline in U.S. global competitiveness. Without Ex-Im Bank, America will be weaker, not stronger." (Loren Thompson, "Five Ways Killing Ex-Im Bank Would Really Hurt America," Forbes, 4/13/15)
Frank Gaffney Jr., The Center For Security Policy
The Ex-Im Bank Is One Of Few Options To Bolster National Defense. "One of the few options available to help mitigate the cumulative effects of these factors in hollowing out our defense industries has been through exports. Financing of some such sales – particularly in the commercial aerospace sector – has been guaranteed through the U.S. Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im)." (Frank Gaffney, Jr., "Who's For Dismantling The Defense Industrial Base?," The Center For Security Policy, 7/8/13)
Marion Blakey, Aerospace Industries Associations
"Ex-Im Contributes Significantly To The Strength Of Our Nation's Industrial Manufacturing Base." "The Bank ensures that the suppliers for manufacturers of aircraft, helicopters, commercial satellites, spacecraft and launch vehicles are able to participate in an ever-expanding global marketplace. And if you add to original equipment sales the significant orders for aftermarket parts and components generated by U.S. aerospace exports, it is clear that Ex-Im contributes significantly to the strength of our nation's industrial manufacturing base and to our industry's track record of generating the largest trade surplus of any manufacturing sector." (Marion Blakey, "Opinion: Reagan Would Have Fought For Ex-Im Bank," Aviation Week, 6/17/14)
The Nuclear Energy Institute
The Ex-Im Bank Is A "Tender Requirement" For All Foreign Nuclear Projects. "Without Ex-Im Bank, U.S. exports to the large and growing global market for nuclear energy would plummet. Export credit agency support is almost always a tender requirement for bidding on foreign nuclear power plant projects. Without Ex-Im Bank, the competitiveness of U.S. commercial nuclear suppliers would be impaired." (NEI Staff, " Ex-Im Bank Reauthorization: Myths and Facts," Nuclear Energy Institute)
Foreign Competitors Have National Nuclear Support For Deals. "Leading nuclear energy supplier nations such as Russia, the Republic of Korea, Japan and France provide their national nuclear energy suppliers with multiple forms of support, including strong trade finance."(NEI Staff, "Ex-Im Bank Reauthorization: Myths and Facts," Nuclear Energy Institute)
The Bipartisan Policy Center
"U.S. Commercial Strength In [Nuclear Exports] Provides Substantial Cobenefits In Terms Of National Security". "Continued leadership in the development of advanced nuclear technologies presents an important export opportunity for the U.S. nuclear industry and for our nation's economy. The Commerce Department estimates that the international market for nuclear equipment and services will grow to $500–$740 billion over the next ten years. Perhaps more importantly, as previously discussed, U.S. commercial strength in this area provides substantial cobenefits in terms of national security." (Senator Pete V. Domenici and Dr. Warren F. "Pete" Miller, Co-Chairs, "Maintaining U.S. Leadership In Global Nuclear Energy Markets," Bipartisan Policy Center's Nuclear Initiative, 09/12)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With 139 startups and companies on the Inc. 5000 list based in Miami's metro area alone, "America's Cleanest City" has proven itself to be a leader in finance, commerce, entertainment, media and dozens of other industries. A co-work space mecca with a burgeoning tech scene, this city has even developed its own Innovation District, constructing an entrepreneurial ecosystem for the ages.
It's safe to say that Miami's innovative spirit is continuing to grow, the most substantial proof being the 700 foot high-rise residential tower currently under construction. As if its height wasn't impressive enough, the structure is complete with infinity pool and the city's first private helipad.
Is your Miami business making a bold statement in this competitive market? The best way to stay relevant is by using the right resources. 360 degree photo booths can transform your next event, whether it's a product launch, tradeshow or other type of corporate occasion. A bullet time photo booth provides a multi-camera experience that captures a full 360 degree view of your event's top moments.
At Pixperience, we've worked with brands like Under Armor, HBO, Brita, Salesforce, Autotrader and others to make brand activation and experiential marketing reach its fullest capacity. 3D photo booths instantly send event images to your guests' inboxes so they can share via social channels, which allows your company to reach an even wider audience. From green screens to event microsites, we build an experience tailored to your company's needs and business goals.
From Biscayne Boulevard to the Design District, let your company stand out in this industrious South Florida business community. Provide a full view of your next event. Allow your customers to discover and share photos of your on-point branding with bullet time photo booths. Talk to us today or view some of our latest 360 photo booth work to learn more.


If you wish you had a more attractive and confident smile, Dr. Givan can help. Every year, patients come to our Fort Worth office wanting a whiter or straighter looking smile. And because we offer teeth whitening, porcelain veneers, bonding and orthodontics, we're happy to help. With our team's expertise and commitment to patient satisfaction, we will help you achieve the beautiful results you've been dreaming of.
At your first appointment Dr. Givan will assess your needs and talk to you about your goals. He'll also study your medical history. Then, based on the results of your consultation, he will explain how he can help you. Many patients only need one cosmetic service to achieve their goals, while others may benefit from a combination of services. Whatever your needs, you can trust us to create dazzling results.
Porcelain veneers use thin pieces of dental porcelain to help you transform the appearance of stained, cracked, chipped, or oddly spaced teeth. Typically, a full porcelain veneers procedure takes about two visits to complete. In the first visit, we will prep your teeth and design your veneers. We'll also attach a set of temporary veneers to help you protect your teeth between appointments. When your veneers are ready, you'll come back to our office and have them replaced with your finished veneers.
Teeth whitening helps you brighten the shade of dull, yellow, or otherwise stained teeth. There are many reasons our teeth can become stained, with the most common cause being the foods and drinks we consume. But staining can also be caused by tobacco use, aging, and certain prescriptions. To combat staining, we offer at-home teeth whitening. The at-home system uses custom-made whitening trays and comes with a supply of whitening gel.
Are you ready for a more confident and beautiful smile? Give us a call to schedule an appointment with Dr. Givan. We're happy to offer general, cosmetic, and restorative care to patients in and around Fort Worth.


text:
600 Elephants Killed Yearly in Kerala? Maneka's Claim Defies Data
Where is the data Maneka Gandhi is using to make these claims?
shreyashi roy
Updated: 05 Jun 2020, 10:21 AM IST
Maneka Gandhi's claim that 'over 600 elephants are killed in Kerala every year' falls flat on the basis of information provided by ministers from her own party and government data over the years. Speaking to news agency ANI, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) MP and animal rights activist also called Kerala's Malappuram "India's most violent district."
The death of a pregnant elephant in Kerala on 27 May sparked outrage on social media with citizens coming out to condemn the horrific act. Some politicians, too, came out to condemn the incident, among them, were Union Minister Prakash Javadekar and Maneka Gandhi.
Maneka Gandhi Slams Kerala Govt, Rahul Gandhi Over Elephant Death
In another call to action that she uploaded on Twitter, she repeated the same claim about 600 elephants being killed in Kerala.
600 Elephants Killed Every Year in Kerala?
First off, let's look at this claim that Gandhi makes. Where is she getting this number from?
We found that in February 2019, Dr Mahesh Sharma, Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF), in response to a question in Lok Sabha said that data from 2015-2019 (up to 31 December 2018) shows that there have been a total of 373 elephant deaths in total across India.
According to the data he presented, in the four-year period mentioned, 226 of these deaths have occurred due to electrocution, 62 due to train accidents, 59 due to poaching and 26 due to poisoning.
When you look at the year-wise data, 2015-16 saw 104 elephant deaths, 2016-17 saw 89 deaths, while there were 105 and 75 deaths in 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively.
Data presented by Dr Mahesh Sharma, MoS (MoEF) in Lok Sabha in February 2019.
(Graphic: The Quint)
Kerala Elephant Death: 1 Person Arrested as Police Intensify Probe
Further, data presented by Babul Supriyo, MoS (MoEF) in the Rajya Sabha on 10 February 2020, claimed that there had been 269 elephant deaths due to electrocution, 71 deaths due to train accidents, 61 due to poaching and 26 due to poisoning. This data is for the same time period, ie, 2015-19.
If looked at cumulatively, Supriyo's data shows that 2015-16 saw 113 elephant deaths, 2016-17 saw 94 deaths, while there were 105 and 115 deaths in 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively.
Data presented by Babul Supriyo, MoS (MoEF) in Rajya Sabha in February 2020.
If the data presented by Supriyo and Dr Sharma is compared, there are some small mismatches visible, but not to a great extent.
This raises the question of how 600 elephant deaths could be possible in a year in Kerala alone if data from the Centre shows that the total number of deaths across India did not cross 150 in any year over the last four years.
Reports of Elephant Deaths in Kerala
Next, we delved into specific data about elephant deaths in Kerala in a year.
As per the state-wise data presented by Supriyo in the Rajya Sabha, for the period between 2015-2019, Kerala reported 39 elephant deaths due to various reasons including train accidents, poaching, and electrocution.
As per the state-wise data presented by Supriyo in the Rajya Sabha, Kerala reported 39 elephant deaths in the period between 2015-2019.
On the other hand, more number of elephant deaths were reported in the states like West Bengal, Assam, and Odisha.
Killing an Elephant With Explosive-Stuffed Fruit Exposes New Low
The News Minute reported in June 2018, quoting data from the Society of Elephant Welfare, that 18 elephants had died in the first six months of the year. The same report said that there had been 26 elephant deaths in 2016 and 20 in 2017.
By now, it is clear that while Kerala does have a large number of elephant deaths, the numbers are nowhere near what Maneka Gandhi claims. So where is the data she is using to make these claims?
Incident Happened in Palakkad, Not Malappuram
Additionally, Gandhi got this fact completely wrong in her outrage against the incident, when she blamed Malappuram for allowing such a thing to happen and even called it the "most violent district" in the country.
But The Quint found that the incident actually took place in Kerala's Palakkad district and not Malappuram.
"The elephant was found dead in a forest area in the Mannarkkad division of Palakkad district. Such incidents have happened in the past but we have taken all steps to prevent them," K Sunil Kumar, Divisional Forest Office, Mannarkkad, told The Quint.
Second Kerala Elephant Death Likely Due to Firecrackers: Report
(You can read all our coronavirus related fact-checked stories here.)
(Not convinced of a post or information you came across online and want it verified? Send us the details on Whatsapp at 9643651818, or e-mail it to us at webqoof@thequint.com and we'll fact-check it for you. You can also read all our fact-checked stories here.)


text:
Your Car: Remove Car
El Camino Anti-Sway Bar, Front, 1-5/16", Silver Vein PowderCoated, With Bushings, Hellwig, 1978-1987
55-242999-1
Replacement for OE #: 5700
Alt Part #: 07-3523
Fitment: 1978 thru 1987
See applications below for exact details.
(No Discount / Limited Discount)
Eckler's strives to offer competitive pricing on all of the parts we sell. In order to offer competitive prices, we have to limit or eliminate the discounts we provide on some parts. In addition, our agreements with some manufacturers prohibit us from discounting certain parts so they are not included in our promotions.
Shop All Hellwig
Hellwig is a leader in aftermarket suspension components and is a family owned business for over 68 years. Hellwig Products specializes in 100% American Made, precision engineered products. Eckler's, carries a large selection of Hellwig Performance anti-sway bars, drag racing anti-sway bars, and more! Get the chassis and suspension components you need to stay ahead of the competition by adding Hellwig performance and technology to your vehicle.
Shipping Note: This item has additional shipping charges due to heavy weight or oversize dimensions.
1978-87 Hellwig 1-5/16" Front Silver Vein Powder Coated Anti-Sway Bar With Bushings
Dramatically Reduces Unwanted Body Roll During Cornering
The Best " Bang For The Buck" Bolt-On Handling Upgrade You Can Make
50% Larger Than Stock 7/8" Sway Bar
Includes All Necessary Mounting Hardware Plus Polyurethane Mounting Bushings
From 1978-87 El Caminos were equipped in one of 4 ways regarding front sway bars. They were delivered without one, with an 11/16", 7/8" or with a hi-performance F41 1" bar. For cars equipped without a bar the Hellwig bar will make a night and day difference in improved cornering. For cars with the standard 7/8" bar you'll be getting a 50% bigger bar with a whopping 500% increase in roll stiffness which translates into seat of the pants performance you can really feel. Unfortunately G-body cars, like Malibu's and El Caminos, with factory equipped sway bars have a terrible tendency to roll heavily in corners which places most of the cornering load on the outside of the tire. This results in a loss of cornering force and unnecessary tire wear. Regardless of what bar your car came with, the Hellwig sway bar will keep your front tire firmly planted on the ground for great handling and dramatically reduce the uncomfortable feeling you have in hard cornering when the car leans so hard to one side or the other it feels like its going to fall over. Hellwig anti-sway bars are supplied with polyurethane mounting bushings so you get instantaneous sway bar reaction when you hit the corner. In addition to improved performance you'll find Hellwig's heat treated 4140 chrome moly steel bar is 50% stronger than aftermarket and factory non-heat treated bars and you'll like the good looks of their hammer tone silver bars that won't chip or peel ever! Each Hellwig bar is supplied with grade 8 mounting bolts, the best in the industry, and large 7/8" cap screws that are virtually indestructible. So for the best in performance and quality count on Hellwig sway bars from the El Camino Store.
CHEVROLET EL CAMINO El Camino, Black Knight Pickup Delivery 1978
CHEVROLET EL CAMINO 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987
CHEVROLET EL CAMINO El Camino, Pickup Delivery 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987
CHEVROLET EL CAMINO El Camino, Conquista Pickup Delivery 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987
CHEVROLET EL CAMINO El Camino, Super Sport (SS) Pickup Delivery 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987
CHEVROLET EL CAMINO El Camino, Royal Knight Pickup Delivery 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983
CHEVROLET EL CAMINO El Camino, Choo Choo Custom Pickup Delivery 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987
GMC CABALLERO 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987
GMC CABALLERO GMC, Caballero Pickup Delivery 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987
GMC CABALLERO GMC, Caballero Amarillo Pickup Delivery 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987
GMC DIABLO GMC, Diablo Pickup Delivery 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982
GMC LAREDO GMC, Laredo Pickup Delivery 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981
Combined Cancer/Birth Defect
WARNING This product can expose you to chemicals including Benzen which is known to the State of California to cause cancer on birth defects or other reproductive harm. for more information, visit www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.


text:
Schmaltz herring (Yiddish) is  herring caught just before spawning, when the fat (schmaltz) in the fish is at a maximum. Colloquially, schmaltz herring refers to this fish pickled in brine: see pickled herring.

References

External links

Herring dishes
Food preservation
Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine
Shabbat food

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Login Register Change Language
The World's Largest 10 Economies in 2030
EthioVisit Support
Posted 2020-03-10 01:53:11
World's Largest Economies in 2030
Today's emerging markets are tomorrow's powerhouses, according to a recent forecast from Standard Chartered, a multinational bank headquartered in London.
The bank sees developing economies like Indonesia, Turkey, Brazil, and Egypt all moving up the ladder – and by 2030, it estimates that seven of the world's largest 10 economies by GDP (PPP) will be located in emerging markets.
Comparing 2017 vs. 2030
To create some additional context, we've compared these projections to the IMF's most recent data on GDP (PPP) for 2017. We've also added in potential % change for each country, if comparing these two data sets directly.
Here's how the numbers change:
Rank Country Proj. GDP (2030, PPP) GDP (2017, PPP) % change
#1 China $64.2 trillion $23.2 trillion +177%
#2 India $46.3 trillion $9.5 trillion +387%
#3 United States $31.0 trillion $19.4 trillion +60%
#4 Indonesia $10.1 trillion $3.2 trillion +216%
#5 Turkey $9.1 trillion $2.2 trillion +314%
#6 Brazil $8.6 trillion $3.2 trillion +169%
#7 Egypt $8.2 trillion $1.2 trillion +583%
#8 Russia $7.9 trillion $4.0 trillion +98%
#9 Japan $7.2 trillion $5.4 trillion +33%
#10 Germany $6.9 trillion $4.2 trillion +64%
Possibly the biggest surprise on the list is Egypt, a country that Standard Chartered sees growing at a torrid pace over this timeframe.
If comparing using the 2017 IMF figures, the difference between the two numbers is an astonishing 583%. This makes such a projection quite ambitious, especially considering that organizations such as the IMF see Egypt averaging closer to 8% in annual GDP growth (PPP) over the next few years.
The Ascent of Emerging Markets
Egypt aside, it's likely that the ascent of emerging markets will continue to be a theme in future projections by other banks and international organizations.
By 2030, India will be the second largest economy in PPP terms according to many different models – and by then, it will also be the most populous country in the world as well. (It's expected to pass China in 2026)
With the divide between emerging and developed economies closing at a seemingly faster rate than ever before, this should be seen as an interesting opportunity for all investors taking a long-term view.
You have to be a Verified Member to Write New Article
Get the local Website design from NCR web Designers
SEOSPIDY is one of the best and performance driven website designing agencies in India offers the...
By Rahul Sharma 2020-05-12 12:08:56 0 127
https://buddysupplement.com/keto-cleanse-pro/
Keto Cleanse Pro This enhancement is comprised of a fixing which is called Ketone. This...
By Richard Drucker 2020-08-13 07:28:27 0 70
Electronic Check: An Efficient & Reliable Payment Method
As the trend of online businesses boomed, so did the various payment methods. It was a demand to...
By Emma Megan 2020-07-03 06:18:29 0 102
How to perform an ISO 9001 audit of top management without fear.
Being a junior internal auditor and having to audit the top management is a challenging yet a...
By Sobhana 123 2020-05-18 07:38:15 0 139
Unique Fancy Custom Black Watch Dial
Unique Fancy Custom Black Watch Dial, Watch Case, Watch Band, and more Fashion Watches &...
By Ethan Johnson 2020-09-21 07:17:02 0 49
© 2021 MyPlace · English - Change Language
Terms · Privacy · Contact Us · Directory


text:
Il Cantone di Étaples è una divisione amministrativa dell'Arrondissement di Montreuil-sur-Mer.

A seguito della riforma approvata con decreto del 24 febbraio 2014, che ha avuto attuazione dopo le elezioni dipartimentali del 2015, è passato da 19 a 15 comuni.

Composizione
I 19 comuni facenti parte prima della riforma del 2014 erano:
 Attin
 Bernieulles
 Beutin
 Bréxent-Énocq
 Camiers
 Cormont
 Estrée
 Estréelles
 Étaples
 Frencq
 Hubersent
 Inxent
 Lefaux
 Longvilliers
 Maresville
 Montcavrel
 Recques-sur-Course
 Tubersent
 Widehem

Dal 2015 i comuni appartenenti al cantone sono i seguenti 15:
 Bréxent-Énocq
 Camiers
 Cormont
 Cucq
 Étaples
 Frencq
 Lefaux
 Longvilliers
 Maresville
 Merlimont
 Saint-Aubin
 Saint-Josse
 Le Touquet-Paris-Plage
 Tubersent
 Widehem

Note

Collegamenti esterni
Statistiche sul sito dell'INSEE

Etaples


text:
← Articles that include Stembridges
Clara Idella Stembridge 1874-1904 →
Stembridge Orgins?
For years, our family has sought to try and uncover the origins of the Stembridge Surname; but generally falls against a brick wall when crossing the ocean. While this is not uncommon; it is not an indication of defeat! With the tools available to us now, and the help of the internet, we hope to unravel the mystery for once, and for all!If you have little tidbits of information that might be helpful,Please send it to us!
I have started by listing the 2 places that currently carry the Stembridge name. These are just locations.
GLAMORGANSHIRE County, southwest England
STEMBRIDGE is a very small parish about three miles from Cowbridge. Acreage, 37. There are no places of worship.
Population in 1871, 7.
In Stembridge Parish
John Philip, Stembridge
from Maura Bennett who currently lives in Cowbridge, just a few miles from the farm:
"At the farm in 1881 was a Philip John aged 64, farmer of 140 acres, his wife Catherine and farm servants with Welsh surnames."
Stembridge in the Parish of Llysworney
Transcript of name listing for Cowbridge, and neighbouring parishes from Commercial and Trade Directories, for the years:-
(Slaters Directory)
The Population of Stembridge was as follows, and a more detailed breakdown is below.
Population Statistics for Stembridge
Area, Houses and Population
Census Year Area in Statute Acres Houses Population
SOMERSET County, southern WALES
2 Responses to Stembridge Orgins?
PHIL JONES says:
Stembridge parish was an individual parish comprizing 1/2 a house and a field. In it's latter days ,it was reputedly the smallest parish in Britain until local authority re organization merged it with Llysworney for rating purposes.
It was a parish because it was endowed with a living for a priest,hence the connection between the two words.
It is believed that the priest would have been attached to Colwinston Church which was one of the earliest Norman churches in the area,built 1111. However a stone cross in the church has been dated 9th Century
David Stembridge says:
Thanks for the note on this Phil, do you live near this area? How did you learn about this? Thanks again!!!


text:
Conspiracy of the Jews?—Part II
When I published "Conspiracy of the Jews?" two weeks ago, I was roundly criticized by many readers for going over the line.
In that piece I questioned why Overstock.com CEO Patrick Byrne had thought to slam the respected New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman for having a pro-Israel bias in his editorials, in a Motley Fool rant about ace financial reporter Herb Greenberg and star "Mad Money" host Jim Cramer.
It was hard to imagine any CEO bringing up an issue in a manner smacking of anti-Semitism, and I was skeptical even Patrick Byrne would have written the following about Greenberg and Cramer:
"They resemble Thomas Friedman's write-ups on the Arab-Israeli conflict: "Let's see, Arabs, Israel, Arabs... Israel, Arabs........ Israel...... okay, I gotta call this one for the Israeli's." In op-ed after op-ed."
What on earth, I asked, did Tom Friedman's supposed pro-Israel bias have to do with the subject of Byrne's rant, other than that all Byrne's targets in the piece were Jewish?
Yet, while Byrne really did write that stuff, readers used the space below to call "Conspiracy of the Jews?" "hysterical" and "claptrap" and worse.
So in case you're one of the hundreds of millions of Americans who do not listen to something called the Christian Financial Radio Network, let me "drill down," as the analysts like to say, into the religious issue, by reporting here on an interview CFRN did with Overstock.com CEO Patrick Byrne, including a segment about who or what appears to be behind the naked shorting financial scandal he believes to be hurting his company.
The interview took place on Friday December 16th, and it lasted for an hour and a half. (You can listen to it at a speeded-up rate in far less time on the CFRN web site).
In the midst of the usual paranoid-sounding diatribe against the so-called naked short-selling scandal, Byrne is encouraged to get specific about the root causes of the problem. The host asks:
"Are we dealing with the traditional old-boy network or has organized crime gotten involved?"
To this, Patrick Byrne says the following, and I quote him:
"Every rabbit hole you go down leads to either [sic] the Italian mob, the Russian mob or the Israeli mob, and nobody's ever asked about that, and I haven't pressed the issue…but every rabbit hole you go down you end up in one of those three places….
"The Israeli mob and the Russian mob are the two ones [sic] who scare me."
Those are the words of Patrick M. Byrne, CEO of Overstock.com. I am not making them up.
Byrne goes on to discuss, briefly, the "Russian mob" as a kind of band of marauders who perpetrate scams and then retreat to their "dachas" on the Caspian Sea for a break before the next scam.
He elaborates in far greater detail on the nefariousness of the so-called "Israeli mob":
"If you Google 'ecstasy Israeli mafia' you'll find articles that basically the Israeli mob…is thought to control 75% of the ecstasy trade in the United States."
Now, as with Byrne's bringing up Thomas Friedman's supposed pro-Israel tendencies in a Motley Fool rant, I find it hard to understand how Israel's supposed domination of the ecstasy trade in the United States relates to naked short-selling on the U.S. stock exchanges.
But let's assume, for a minute, that it does.
And let's do exactly what Patrick Byrne says: let's Google 'ecstasy Israeli mafia' and see what we come up with.
Okay, I Googled the phrase and I got 30,600 results in 0.16 seconds.
Hmmm. Patrick Byrne appears to be right: when you type in those three words, you get articles that—this is incredible—accuse Israel of controlling the U.S. ecstasy trade!
Let's look at the first page, one link at a time.
The first two links are to the web site of an author touting a book he wrote about the rise and fall of an Israeli kingpin in the ecstasy trade, but he doesn't particularly focus on the Israelis-as-uber-mobsters angles that Patrick says "scare me."
The third listed link resulting from this Google search recommended by Patrick Byrne—and I am not making this up—is to the web site of Al Jazeera.
Yes, you have it right: that Al Jazeera.
For a moment, let's skip the fourth and fifth links and go to the sixth link of the Google search results: it is a Lyndon LaRouche web site, and it contains what it calls "a contender for the story of the new century: the investigation of the connections between detained Israeli spies and the events of Sept. 11."
The article explains that the 9/11 attacks were "a coup d'etat" attempt against George Bush involving—you guessed it—Israelis. I am not making that up.
The seventh link on the Google search is to the web site of "Radio Islam," and the web page is headed: Jews and Crime.
The sub-headings read as follows:
—Jewish Gangsters
—Jewish Money Laundering and Counterfeiting
— Jews and Drugs
—Jews and Arms Sales
—Israel a Haven for Jewish Criminals
—Jews and Scandals
—Jews and Slave Trade
—Jews and the Sex Industry
There are more, but you get the picture.
Sick as this these are, it is the fourth and fifth links that are the most disturbing to me, for they lead to a web site for something called "The International Campaign for Real History."
Recall that Patrick Byrne said, and I quote:
Well, the article that comes up on "Real History" is called "The agony of the Ecstasy" by one Nathan Guttman, and it starts out as follows:
The most commonly heard estimate is that Israeli criminals control no less than 75 percent of the Ecstasy market in the U.S.
I don't know if this particular web site is the one where Patrick Byrne got his alleged facts about the so-called Israeli mafia. I certainly hope not. Because if the phrase "The International Campaign for Real History" makes your throat tighten a little and your mind start to hope it's not about what you think it's about—well, I'm sorry.
That's exactly what it's about.
The site is historian David Irving's, and if you have never heard of David Irving, then the following quote from him, which you can find on the links to this site, explains what he means by 'Real History':
"Until the end of this tragic century there will always be incorrigible historians, statesmen, and publicists who are content to believe, or have no economically viable alternative but to believe, that the Nazis used 'gas chambers' at Auschwitz to kill human beings. But it is now up to them to explain to me as an intelligent and critical student of modern history why there is no significant trace of any cyanide compound in the building which they have always identified as the former gas chambers."
I am truly sorry to have published this two days before both Christmas Day and the start of Hanukkah, but until yesterday I had not bothered to listen to yet another seemingly trivial rant by the CEO of Overstock.com.
Patrick Byrne is scheduled to be on Bloomberg TV this morning to talk about holiday sales results.
I hope they ask him tougher questions than that.
the management said...
Jeff - it isn't "that" Al Jazeera; it's slightly worse than that. The Arab news station has the URL english.aljazeera.net. They're not associated with Al Jazeera magazine which owns aljazeera.com. The magazine at aljazeera.com is actually quite significantly more nuts and certainly much less reputable than the TV network.
To all: I am not going to publish further comments on this blog at this time. The comments this particular post has received are too inflammatory and go in a direction I do not want to go. The post speaks for itself.
Thanks and we will restart the commentary at a later date.
Ellie Kesselman said...
Radio Islam is primarily concerned with diatribes against Jews, Christians and Muslims that it doesn't like. It has very little to do with Islam.
The Business Story of the Year.
Upbeat or Upside Surprise?
A Necessary Correction
If a Tree Falls in the Woods, but Nobody Wants to ...
Fixing a Hole at GM
The $3 Billion Haircut
"Do No Evil" Pays Off
Howard: The Best Thing That Ever Happened…to XM?
Ask the Polar Bears about Global Warming
Earnings Breakage?
"Only the Leftovers…"
Weekend Reading: Conspiracy of the Jews?
45 and Counting.
McClellan Awaits Battle…in Detroit
No Haircut to the CPI Here
RIMM versus PALM
Whither Lexmark?


The worst of the flooding has been in Mozambique, with rivers flowing downstream from neighbouring countries. The area close to the River Buzi west of Beira has been particularly hard-hit.
Aid workers in the area say they have only two to three days of clean water left.
"Some 90% of the district has been significantly damaged," he added.
In Malawi, the UN says more than 80,000 people have been displaced.


Hello! My name is Brenna and I am a sweet and affectionate girl who is looking for her furever home.
My favourite thing in the world, after food of course, is cuddling with that special someone. I always want to be close to my foster parents so that I can be ready to receive love and belly rubs at any moment. Sometimes my foster dad picks me up and cradles me in his arms and I will lay there forever like a baby. I welcome any sort of attention I can get and will often place my head on people's laps and stare longingly into their eyes until they pet me. At night I sleep quietly in my own bed and sometimes I even sleep in my foster parents' bed, tucked in under the covers with my head on the pillow. When I am feeling mischievous, I will quietly steal one of my foster mom's flip flops and take it to a secluded location where I can nibble on it. There is nothing better than a good pair of flip flops. During the day, I enjoy sunning myself on the back porch and keeping an eye out for squirrels. I also enjoy going for walks even though these new sights and smells make me a little nervous. I am a very playful girl and would love to have a brother or sister I can play with who is more my size. When I first met my chihuahua foster sister I was very nervous but after a slow introduction we quickly became friends. I would love to spend my life with someone who could take me for long walks and hikes to help me build my confidence in the outside world.
If you are looking for a sweet cuddle buddy then I could be the girl for you!
She is good with cats but if they run she will chase them.
Recovering from a porcupine encounter.


My "look" for the second night of seeing the Go-Go's (with INXS) at Pine Knob in Detroit, circa 1984. That's the girls' tour bus -- and a Bananarama button on my sweater. More photos from our stalking mission-- we got all of them but Kathy -- HERE.


With outstanding views over the 14th green of the Nicklaus gold course, one of three PGA courses within the Reunion Resort, this superb and spacious 5 bedroom home offers over 4000 sq ft of luxury which is located on the Legends Corner area of the resort.
Recently redecorated the open plan living area is bright with colourful accents and has access onto the large rear patio area.
If you want a holiday with that 'home from home' feel with a high standard of amenities and surrounding than this home will provide the perfect setting. Beautiful decor and furnishings have been used throughout the home.


Electrical Wiring and Rewiring - Current Electrical Inc.
Whether you are working on an ambitious renovation, adding a new room or just need help with a frayed wire, Current Electrical can help with any project. Our master electricians have over a decade of professional wiring experience and can complete any service both safely and efficiently. We can also help replace hazardous knob and tube wiring with a completely updated system. Home-based electrical systems cause nearly 55,000 fires a year resulting in more than 500 deaths and 1,400 injuries.* Don't let a faulty wiring system harm your home or household. Let our experts find the ideal solution for your wiring needs.
There are many reasons why a homeowner may need their wiring repaired or replaced. Through the years, Current Electrical has seen it all from faulty switches to antiquated systems (including unsafe aluminum and knob and tube wiring). Regardless of the reason, always make sure that you use a licensed professional when you are dealing with an electrical issue. A seasoned electrician can ensure that the project is completed successfully and is code-compliant. We've put together a checklist of the most common residential wiring problems we face every day. If any of these issues sound familiar, give us a call today!
Current Electrical has been helping our Spokane neighbors with their rewiring projects for over a decade. If your current electrical system is outdated or you are planning a room or home renovation, we can help. Our master electricians will thoroughly assess your wiring and collaborate with you on a plan that will ensure the system is operating safely, efficiently and up to code. You can be sure that our licensed, bonded and insured electricians will deliver prompt, quality service.
Knob and Tube Wiring Replacement – If your home is over 40 years old (built in the 1900's to the early 50's) the wiring might be violation of current legal codes. Knob and tube wiring systems were considered "state-of-the-art" back then, but are now dangerous fire hazards.
Aluminum Wiring Replacement – If your home was built between 1969 and 1973, it may have been fitted with aluminum wiring during a period when copper prices were abnormally high. Aluminum wiring is a fire hazard and should be replaced with code-compliant copper wiring.
Room Addition – If you are planning on adding a room to your home, Current Electrical can work with your contractor on a complete wiring plan.
Home Renovation – Are you renovating a room or planning a larger renovation project? We can help plan your new electrical system, ensuring the configuration meets the needs of your household.
Whether you need electrical wire repair or a complete rewiring system overhaul, Current Electrical can help! Call us today at 509-928-2522 for the most trusted electrical contracting in Spokane.


Save AED 33 (50.77%) – Earn 3 Shukrans What is Shukran? Shukran is the Landmark Group's award-winning loyalty programme in the Middle East, which allows you to earn Shukrans when you shop any of our brands.
Tailored using a high-quality material, this attractive sweat dress is light in weight and will keep your girl at ease all day long. Showcasing Mickey Mouse prints along with tape detail long sleeves and round neck, the dress offers your child a stunning look for any occasion.


text:
Home › Publications › Engineering promiscuity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase for microbial designer ester biosynthesis
Engineering promiscuity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase for microbial designer ester biosynthesis
Metabolic Engineering 66 , 179-190 ( 2021)
Seo, H., Lee, J. W., Giannone, R. J., Dunlap, N. J., Trinh, C. T.
10.1016/j.ymben.2021.04.005
Robust and efficient enzymes are essential modules for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies across biological systems to engineer whole-cell biocatalysts. By condensing an acyl-CoA and an alcohol, alcohol acyltransferases (AATs) can serve as interchangeable metabolic modules for microbial biosynthesis of a diverse class of ester molecules with broad applications as flavors, fragrances, solvents, and drop-in biofuels. However, the current lack of robust and efficient AATs significantly limits their compatibility with heterologous precursor pathways and microbial hosts. Through bioprospecting and rational protein engineering, we identified and engineered promiscuity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferases (CATs) from mesophilic prokaryotes to function as robust and efficient AATs compatible with at least 21 alcohol and 8 acyl-CoA substrates for microbial biosynthesis of linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated and/or aromatic esters. By plugging the best engineered CAT (CATec3 Y20F) into the gram-negative mesophilic bacterium Escherichia coli, we demonstrated that the recombinant strain could effectively convert various alcohols into desirable esters, for instance, achieving a titer of 13.9 g/L isoamyl acetate with 95% conversion by fed-batch fermentation. The recombinant E. coli was also capable of simulating the ester profile of roses with high conversion (>97%) and titer (>1 g/L) from fermentable sugars at 37 °C. Likewise, a recombinant gram-positive, cellulolytic, thermophilic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum harboring CATec3 Y20F could produce many of these esters from recalcitrant cellulosic biomass at elevated temperatures (>50 °C) due to the engineered enzyme's remarkable thermostability. Overall, the engineered CATs can serve as a robust and efficient platform for designer ester biosynthesis from renewable and sustainable feedstocks.


Here is a super deal for 2019 on ' Irish Granite Glacier Round Boulders ' or ' Erratic Boulders from www.wesellstone.com. Get up to 20,000 kilos ( 20 tonnes ) of ' Irish Granite Glacier Round Boulders ' delivered free anywhere on the Irish mainland for 1,999.99 ex vat @ 23%. This could be for example approximately 27 ' Irish Granite Glacier Round Boulders ' weighing on average 740 kilos each with an average size of approximately 1000mm x 500mm x 500mm. These are not quarried boulders with sharp, rugged edges , they are reclaimed from farm land and have been sitting there for thousands of years. They are Round in shape and have beautiful warm honey colours with silver quartz sparkles , sprinkled on the outer surface. They are shaped by Mother Nature and are frequently a feature in Japanese Gardens or meditation friendly spaces in town parks, private gardens, hospitals etc. www.wesellstone.com have provided many County Councils ( Nenagh Town Park for Tipperary Co Co ). We have also supplied many schools, hospitals including Beaumont, Naas , Drogheda and many more. Order your full load of ' Irish Granite Glacier Round Boulders ' while this offer and stocks last with free delivery!!


text:
All-in-One Diagram Software
EdrawMax Online
Need Online Edition? Click Here
Mind Mapping & Brainstorming Tool
EdrawMind Online
A Professional Gantt Chart Tool
Create Data-interactive Org Charts
Make Your Infographics Stand Out
ActiveX Office Viewer Component
EdrawInfo
Technical Use
ER Diagram
P&ID
Network Diagram
Design Use
Other Use
Visio Alternative
Science Illustration
Chart and Graph
All Diagram Types? Go Diagram Center >>
EdrawMax Community
EdrawMind Gallery
Template Downloads
True Romance from Edraw. Up to 60% Off for this Valentine! Check it now >>
Bar Graph
Know it All about Bar Graph
Twitter Share Copy
Part 1: What is a Bar Graph?
Part 2: Types of Bar Graphs
Part 3: Advantages and Disadvantages
Part 4: When to Use a Bar Graph
Part 5: How to Make a Bar Graph in Excel
Part 6: How to Make a Bar Graph in EdrawMax
Part 7: Examples
You have got data in different categories and plan on plotting it on a single platform, but can not seem to figure a way out? Do not worry that is where a Bar Graph comes in handy.
The Bar Graph also known as a Bar chart or Bar Diagram is a visual tool. A Bar Graph is generally used to compare data amongst two or more categories. The Bar Graph is mostly vertical but can also run horizontally.
The Bar Graph consists of two axes. Depending on the orientation of the Bar Graph the Axes are labeled respectively. One side of the axes have the values noted down while the other has the categories of the Data set. Between the axes, colored bars are drawn which represent the Data Series. The longer a bar is, the larger the value it is indicating. In some cases, a bar graph can also be plotted in a cluster to display more than one recorded value.
Bubble charts are useful graphs that are a popular choice for representing multivariate data. However, this chart has its shortcomings too. Let's see both of them briefly.
1)	Vertical Bar Graph
This is the most common type of Bar Graphs. As you can observe the values are listed on the y-axis and the categories are listed on the x-axis. One disadvantage of the vertical bar graph is that detailed remarks about the categories can not be listed.
2)	Horizontal Bar Graph
Another way to display a bar graph is horizontal, in this, the categories are shifted to the y-axis and values on the x-axis. This graph is mostly used to show growth trends in stock markets or popularity ratios in other departments. The free space on the y-axis allows a much more detailed description of the categories to be present.
3)	Stacked Bar Graph
A stacked bar graph can be used to display a lot more information in respect to a simple bar graph as some information can be stacked. These can be plotted vertically or horizontally too.
4)	Grouped Bar Graph
This is also a type of a 'cluster Bar Graph', which is commonly also called the cluster bar graph, that is used to display more than one value of a particular category. These are more descriptive than a simple Bar Graph.
User-friendly: The Bar Graph is simple to make, it is also a very basic graph that is usually taught in schools too.
Summarized Data: Data that may be extended over a longer period or data that covers a larger amount can easily be summarized and viewed in this Graphical representation.
Track Data Changes: You can use a bar graph to track changes in data. Unlike other visual tools, you can track multiple data changes at once.
Data Comparison: As a bar graph clearly shows the relation between the data value and fixed numerical value, the data can be compared for data analysis.
Complexity with an increase in Data: Generally, they might be easy to read, but their formulation becomes complex with the increase in the Data sets available.
Not for Qualitative Analysis: The bar graph is a great visual tool for quantitative analysis, but none of the bars can evaluate the quality.
External causative effects not included: The data acquired at the end does not consider any external effects that might have contributed to the change in the values received.
As discussed, Bar Graphs are used to visualize comparative studies of data that is summarized Data. Since a Bar Graph is quite straightforward, they are the best choice to conduct a comparative analysis between summarized Data. There are four instances when a bar graph can be used.
1)	Viewing each category of data spontaneously
While talking about statistics in meetings and presentations, the best way to present the summarized data is using Bar Graphs. The data can be viewed spontaneously and described in that manner too.
2)	More than 5 Data Sets Present
Generally, other forms of Visual tools have a limit to the amount of data they can present. Bar Graphs come into play in places where such visual tools feel limited by that factor.
3)	Comparative Study of Data
The grouped Bar Graph is best for the comparative study of Data that might be grouped.
4)	Interrelated Data
Bar Graphs come in handy when data is interrelated, for those values, the best choice is a stacked bar graph.
Apart from these four instances, bar graphs are a quite handy visual tool that helps in plotting data graphs for much simpler values as well.
Microsoft Excel is the most used application when compiling data. It is used by businesses, teachers, and even NGOs to track things and create databases. Keeping that in mind, Excel also allows you to easily convert your already present data into the form of a Bar Graph. Following these simple steps will allow you to make your own bar graph.
Step 1: Make a table
The first step is to make a table with two values, one for the x-axis and the other for the y-axis.
Step 2: Select the Table
The next step is to select the Table in which the values exist. In this case, it is from A1:B6.
Step 3: Tap the Column Symbol
On the top there should be a symbol present in the charts box, the symbol would be of Bar Graphs.
Step 4: Select preferred Bar Graph
A pop-up will drop down which will contain several types you can choose from. You can choose vertical or horizontal as you please. Since the values have more detail, we will select the Horizontal Bar Graph.
Step 5: Enjoy the Result
The result should look like this.
EdrawMax is one of the most useful software for data representation. It has inbuilt templates that help you create your desired visualization tool quickly. The following steps will help you make a Bar Graph in EdrawMax.
Step 1: Install EdrawMax
Go to the official website of EdrawMax and download the software.
You have both the free and paid version available. For basic tasks, the free version is sufficient.
Step 2: Launch the App
Once the software has been installed, open EdrawMax. The interface will look like this.
At the top right corner, there is an option of signing in. This will enable cloud storage. However, you can use EdrawMax without signing in as well.
Step 3: Open a New Canvas
Click on the "+" sign to open an empty workspace.
Step 4: Go to Insert
At the top, go to the Insert tab.
Click on "Chart" to view the templates. A pop-up will appear.
Step 5: Choose template
Scroll down to find the "Bar Chart." Select it and click "OK."
Step 5: Customize Bar Graph
As you can see, the right side allows you to edit the graph on the canvas, while you can also use the color palate below to edit the Bars in the Bar Graph.
Once you have edited the Graph, save your file.
Create more than 280 types of diagrams effortlessly
Start diagramming with various templates and symbols easily
Superior file compatibility: Import and export drawings to various file formats, such as Visio
Cross-platform supported (Windows, Mac, Linux, Web)
Security Verified | Switch to Mac >>
Security Verified | Switch to Linux >>
Security Verified | Switch to Windows >>
This is a Bar Graph that shows the values of recorded average temperatures for 12 months.
This is an example of a horizontal bar graph. The Months are present on the y-axis, while the temperature recorded is present on the x-axis. As you can see that the bars represent the maximum average temperature that was hit every month throughout the year. It is quite easy to compare the temperatures and deduce the overall hottest and coldest month of the year.
This is a grouped bar graph that shows the revenue generated by 4 individuals in each quarter during 2020.
This grouped bar graph has the generated revenue values on the y-axis and the respective quarter for the year 2020 on the x-axis. As you can see that the revenue generated by Kent, Lincoln, Mersey, and York has been grouped and then plotted on the bar graph. This helps in analyzing the different data collected side by side. This grouped bar graph has allowed us to see who has been consistent throughout is each quarter which would be Mersey as he has generated almost the same revenue. Lincoln was much more active in the first one, while Kent has been continuously improving his revenue generated. York's data suggests that he had been slacking till the last quarter. Now, this data is quite useful for the employer in making crucial decisions for the company.
This is an example of a stacked graph bar.
In this graph, the number of kids in total is kept on the y-axis while the types of instruments they prefer are present on the x-axis. The bars are seemingly divided into two, one representing the number of boys and the other the number of girls, as the data is stacked, hence the name of the graph.
The Bar Graph is a very important visual tool utilized by every stratum of society that wants to present their data professionally. There might be instances where this might be confused with a column chart, but the biggest difference is the apparent existence of wider bars on the graph. It is perfect for comparing data that is quantitative, so use this tool wisely. It can easily be made on either excel or EdrawMax. Just be sure of what you need and get to work!
House Plan Software - Edraw Fashion Design Electrical Diagram Software - Create an Electrical Diagram Easily Database Diagram Software, Free Examples Download Database Model Diagram Simple Database Model Diagram Maker - Make Great-looking Database Model Diagram
Create a Bar Graph with EdrawMax. Try it Free!
How to Create Family Tree
Free Mind Map Software
What's a Program Flowchart? | Definition & Examples
Electrical Symbols
8 Project Management Tools and Softwares in 2021
Flowchart Symbols and Their Usage
Explain Algorithm and Flowchart with Examples
A Complete Guide for Personal SWOT Analysis with Examples
Fight Against Coronavirus: Work from Home with Useful Telecommuting Tool
Find Reseller
Become Our Reseller
English 日本語 Deutsch Français Español Italiano Português 繁體中文 한국어 Pусский
Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Cookies Policy License Agreement Refund Policy
Copyright © 2022 Edrawsoft. All rights reserved.


With one call, you will see a change. Private one on one conversation.
DON"T GIVE UP THERE IS HOPE !!!!
Love, , Business Finances and Relationships Family Also specialize on your pets you will not be disappointed!
Afterlife connections with your loved ones. and your I have clairvoyant and medium powers to help find your spirit guides. and tell you all about your life.
psychicrachel62 has been a user of Keen since 2006. Getting Love & Relationships advice from psychicrachel62 through www.keen.com is safe, secure and confidential.


text:
Home › Gaming › Forza Motorsport 6: Apex runs smoother with multiple GPUs on the same Windows 10 PC
Forza Motorsport 6: Apex runs smoother with multiple GPUs on the same Windows 10 PC
by Radu Tyrsina
Windows 10 users that run the latest inside version of the operating system will be able to test out a new beta version of Forza Motorsport 6: Apex for free. However, it is good to know that the game is currently under development, which means that it contains a long list of well-known issues. This is the second update that Forza Motorsport 6: Apex receives in just two weeks, which means that it comes with more improvements to its stability and performance.
The first update that Forza Motorsport 6: Apex received for Windows 10 was released with fixes for a lot of issues regarding the game's stability and performance reported by the players.
This new update that was released yesterday focuses more on drivers and support for multiple GPUs on a computer. According to its changelog, the new update contains a fix for the issue that prevented the game from detecting multiple GPUs. In other words, if you have more than one GPU on your computer, once you update the game, you will notice that it will run smoother than before without any FPS issues.
Gamers with powerful computers will be able to take advantage of the full power of their devices in order to run Forza Motorsport 6: Apex at high detail without having to worry about lag or any other issue that would make the game crash.
In order to improve its graphical performance, the Windows development team has recently announced that it will allow the ability to unlock frame rates for all Univeral Windows Apps (UWP). The developers of Forza Motorsport 6: Apex have already announced that they will include this feature in its next update, in order to allow users to push their computers to the limit.
RELATED STORIES TO CHECK OUT:
Forza Motorsport 6: Apex for Windows 10 gets content update, brings stability fixes and gameplay modifications
Forza Motorsport 6: Apex receives multiple GPUs support with latest update
Forza Motorsport 6: Apex beta version for Windows 10 now available in the Store
{{post.post_date}}
by {{post.post_author_name}}
Copyright © Windows Report 2019
Not associated with Microsoft
Do you want some more insights like the ones you've seen so far?
I agree with the Privacy Policy regarding my personal data


text:
// Copyright 2004-2017 The Poderosa Project.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;

using Poderosa.Commands;
using Poderosa.Forms;
using Poderosa.ConnectionParam;
using Poderosa.Util;
using Poderosa.Sessions;
using Poderosa.Util.Collections;
using Poderosa.UI;

namespace Poderosa.Terminal {
    internal class TerminalToolBar : IToolBarComponent, IPositionDesignation, IActiveDocumentChangeListener {

        private TypedHashtable<IPoderosaMainWindow, TerminalToolBarInstance> _toolbarInstances;

        public TerminalToolBar() {
            _toolbarInstances = new TypedHashtable<IPoderosaMainWindow, TerminalToolBarInstance>();
        }

        public IAdaptable DesignationTarget {
            get {
                return null;
            }
        }

        public PositionType DesignationPosition {
            get {
                return PositionType.DontCare;
            }
        }

        public bool ShowSeparator {
            get {
                return true;
            }
        }

        public IToolBarElement[] ToolBarElements {
            get {
                return new IToolBarElement[] {
                    new ToolBarLabelImpl(GEnv.Strings, "Form.ToolBar._newLineLabel", 60),
                    new NewLineChangeHandler(),
                    new ToolBarLabelImpl(GEnv.Strings, "Form.ToolBar._encodingLabel", 88), //TODO サイズ指定はいやらしいな
                    new EncodingChangeHandler(),
                    new LocalEchoHandler(),
                    new IntelliSenseHandler(),
                    new ShellSchemeChangeHandler()
                };
            }
        }

        #region IAdaptable
        public IAdaptable GetAdapter(Type adapter) {
            return TerminalEmulatorPlugin.Instance.PoderosaWorld.AdapterManager.GetAdapter(this, adapter);
        }
        #endregion

        //それぞれの要素
        private class NewLineChangeHandler : ToolBarComboBoxImpl {
            public override object[] Items {
                get {
                    // recreate list for updating texts according to the language setting.
                    _items = EnumListItem<NewLine>.GetListItems();
                    return _items;
                }
            }
            public override int Width {
                get {
                    return 72;
                }
            }

            public override bool IsEnabled(ICommandTarget target) {
                return TerminalCommandTarget.AsOpenTerminal(target) != null;
            }

            public override int GetSelectedIndex(ICommandTarget target) {
                ITerminalControlHost session = TerminalCommandTarget.AsTerminal(target);
                NewLine val = session.TerminalSettings.TransmitNL; //TODO intへのキャストは乱暴だな

                EnumListItem<NewLine>[] items = (EnumListItem<NewLine>[])_items;
                if (items != null) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < items.Length; i++) {
                        if (items[i].Value == val) {
                            return i;
                        }
                    }
                }

                return -1;
            }

            public override void OnChange(ICommandTarget target, int selectedIndex, object selectedItem) {
                EnumListItem<NewLine> item = selectedItem as EnumListItem<NewLine>;
                if (item != null) {
                    ITerminalControlHost session = TerminalCommandTarget.AsTerminal(target);
                    ITerminalSettings ts = session.TerminalSettings;
                    ts.BeginUpdate();
                    ts.TransmitNL = item.Value;
                    ts.EndUpdate();
                }
            }
        }
        private class EncodingChangeHandler : ToolBarComboBoxImpl {
            public override object[] Items {
                get {
                    // recreate list for updating texts according to the language setting.
                    _items = EnumListItem<EncodingType>.GetListItems();
                    return _items;
                }
            }
            public override int Width {
                get {
                    return 88;
                }
            }
            public override bool IsEnabled(ICommandTarget target) {
                return TerminalCommandTarget.AsOpenTerminal(target) != null;
            }

            public override int GetSelectedIndex(ICommandTarget target) {
                ITerminalControlHost session = TerminalCommandTarget.AsTerminal(target);
                EncodingType val = session.TerminalSettings.Encoding;

                EnumListItem<EncodingType>[] items = (EnumListItem<EncodingType>[])_items;
                if (items != null) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < items.Length; i++) {
                        if (items[i].Value == val) {
                            return i;
                        }
                    }
                }

                return -1;
            }

            public override void OnChange(ICommandTarget target, int selectedIndex, object selectedItem) {
                EnumListItem<EncodingType> item = selectedItem as EnumListItem<EncodingType>;
                if (item != null) {
                    ITerminalControlHost session = TerminalCommandTarget.AsTerminal(target);
                    ITerminalSettings ts = session.TerminalSettings;
                    ts.BeginUpdate();
                    ts.Encoding = item.Value;
                    ts.EndUpdate();
                }
            }
        }
        private class LocalEchoHandler : ToolBarToggleButtonImpl {
            public override Image Icon {
                get {
                    return Poderosa.TerminalEmulator.Properties.Resources.LocalEcho16x16;
                }
            }
            public override string ToolTipText {
                get {
                    return GEnv.Strings.GetString("Command.ToggleLocalEcho");
                }
            }
            public override bool IsEnabled(ICommandTarget target) {
                return TerminalCommandTarget.AsOpenTerminal(target) != null;
            }

            public override bool IsChecked(ICommandTarget target) {
                ITerminalControlHost session = TerminalCommandTarget.AsTerminal(target);
                return session.TerminalSettings.LocalEcho;
            }

            public override void OnChange(ICommandTarget target, bool is_checked) {
                ITerminalControlHost session = TerminalCommandTarget.AsTerminal(target);
                ITerminalSettings ts = session.TerminalSettings;
                ts.BeginUpdate();
                ts.LocalEcho = is_checked;
                ts.EndUpdate();
            }
        }
        private class IntelliSenseHandler : ToolBarToggleButtonImpl {
            public override Image Icon {
                get {
                    return Poderosa.TerminalEmulator.Properties.Resources.Intellisense16x16;
                }
            }
            public override string ToolTipText {
                get {
                    return GEnv.Strings.GetString("Command.ToggleCharTriggerIntelliSense");
                }
            }
            public override bool IsEnabled(ICommandTarget target) {
                return TerminalCommandTarget.AsOpenTerminal(target) != null;
            }

            public override bool IsChecked(ICommandTarget target) {
                ITerminalControlHost session = TerminalCommandTarget.AsOpenTerminal(target);
                return session.TerminalSettings.EnabledCharTriggerIntelliSense;
            }

            public override void OnChange(ICommandTarget target, bool is_checked) {
                ITerminalControlHost session = TerminalCommandTarget.AsOpenTerminal(target);
                ITerminalSettings ts = session.TerminalSettings;
                ts.BeginUpdate();
                ts.EnabledCharTriggerIntelliSense = is_checked;
                ts.EndUpdate();
            }
        }

        private class ShellSchemeChangeHandler : ToolBarComboBoxImpl {
            public override object[] Items {
                get {
                    List<ListItem<IShellScheme>> list = new List<ListItem<IShellScheme>>();
                    TerminalEmulatorPlugin.Instance.LaterInitialize();
                    foreach (IShellScheme ss in TerminalEmulatorPlugin.Instance.ShellSchemeCollection.Items) {
                        list.Add(new ListItem<IShellScheme>(ss, ss.Name));
                    }
                    return list.ToArray();
                }
            }
            public override string ToolTipText {
                get {
                    return GEnv.Strings.GetString("Caption.CurrentShellScheme");
                }
            }
            public override int Width {
                get {
                    return 104;
                }
            }
            public override bool IsEnabled(ICommandTarget target) {
                ITerminalControlHost session = TerminalCommandTarget.AsOpenTerminal(target);
                return session != null;
            }

            public override int GetSelectedIndex(ICommandTarget target) {
                ITerminalControlHost session = TerminalCommandTarget.AsOpenTerminal(target);
                return TerminalEmulatorPlugin.Instance.ShellSchemeCollection.IndexOf(session.TerminalSettings.ShellScheme);
            }

            public override void OnChange(ICommandTarget target, int selectedIndex, object selectedItem) {
                ListItem<IShellScheme> item = selectedItem as ListItem<IShellScheme>;
                if (item != null) {
                    IShellScheme scheme = item.Value;

                    ITerminalControlHost session = TerminalCommandTarget.AsOpenTerminal(target);
                    ITerminalSettings ts = session.TerminalSettings;
                    ts.BeginUpdate();
                    ts.ShellScheme = scheme;
                    ts.EndUpdate();
                }
            }
        }

        #region IActiveDocumentChangeListener
        public void OnDocumentActivated(IPoderosaMainWindow window, IPoderosaDocument document) {
            //Debug.WriteLine("OnDocumentActivated");
            TerminalToolBarInstance tb = FindToolbarInstance(window);
            if (tb == null) {
                tb = new TerminalToolBarInstance(this, window.ToolBar);
                _toolbarInstances[window] = tb;
                //TODO コレクションの削除がない!
            }
            IAbstractTerminalHost session = (IAbstractTerminalHost)document.OwnerSession.GetAdapter(typeof(IAbstractTerminalHost));
            if (session != null)
                tb.Attach(session.TerminalSettings);

        }
        public void OnDocumentDeactivated(IPoderosaMainWindow window) {
            //Debug.WriteLine("OnDocumentDeactivated");
            TerminalToolBarInstance tb = FindToolbarInstance(window);
            if (tb != null)
                tb.Detach();
        }
        #endregion

        private TerminalToolBarInstance FindToolbarInstance(IPoderosaMainWindow window) {
            return _toolbarInstances[window];
        }
    }

    internal class TerminalToolBarInstance : ITerminalSettingsChangeListener {
        private TerminalToolBar _parent;
        private IToolBar _toolBar;
        private ITerminalSettings _terminalSettings;

        public TerminalToolBarInstance(TerminalToolBar parent, IToolBar toolbar) {
            _parent = parent;
            _toolBar = toolbar;
        }

        public void Attach(ITerminalSettings ts) {
            if (_terminalSettings != null)
                _terminalSettings.RemoveListener(this);
            _terminalSettings = ts;
            _terminalSettings.AddListener(this);
            _toolBar.RefreshComponent(_parent);
        }
        public void Detach() {
            if (_terminalSettings != null)
                _terminalSettings.RemoveListener(this);
            _terminalSettings = null;
            _toolBar.RefreshComponent(_parent);
        }

        #region ITerminalSettingsChangeListener
        public void OnBeginUpdate(ITerminalSettings current) {
        }

        public void OnEndUpdate(ITerminalSettings current) {
            _toolBar.RefreshComponent(_parent);
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hong X. Nguyen, Tomonori Honda, Ryoichi Yamamoto (2006) Quantitative evaluation of recyclability of materials for material selection, Advances in Ecomaterials (International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies 2005) pp.615-619.
T. Honda, H.X. Nguyen, R. Yamamoto (2004) Effect of environmental information on material selection, Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan, 29(5): 2129-2131.


text:
The History Behind SGX; An Interview with Rama Pillai for The History of Financial Futures – a JLN Interview Series
(Editor's note: John Lothian News interviewed SGX Chief Commercial Officer Rama Pillai at the FIA Boca Raton conference in 2019 for The History of Financial Futures video series from JLN and MarketsWiki Education. The plan was to weave the interview with other content into a larger narrative about the history of Asian financial futures; however, we have been slow to accomplish that goal. Instead, we are releasing our interview as a standalone piece with Pillai telling the story of the Singapore Exchange's development from a gold exchange to SIMEX to SGX.)
In 1978, the Gold Exchange of Singapore (GES) was created by some Singaporean bullion dealers. Then in the early 1980s, the Monetary Authority of Singapore and financial community leaders sent teams around the world to examine different market structures. One was sent to Chiago to examine the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Pillai said. The Singaporean team sent to Chicago liked the CME model and felt it would work well in Singapore. This led to the creation of the Singapore International Monetary Exchange or SIMEX.
Thus began a collaboration between Singapore and CME pioneering the first international exchange linkage establishing the world's first mutual offset system (MOS), a 24-hour trading system that started with the Eurodollar contract.
That mutual offset system is still in place today, Pillai said.
To get the exchange started, the Gold Exchange of Singapore and its traders were rolled Into SIMEX. The new exchange also advertised for new traders. To ensure best practices were developed, the exchange sent the first batch of traders to Chicago for several months for training in trading pits there. Some Chicago traders also made the return trip to Singapore to help continue training the traders.
Traders from Singapore and Chicago formed relationships that helped establish the markets and encouraged some Chicago firms to establish operations in Singapore, Pillai said.
Six local Singaporean banks fully supported the efforts as well, he said.
In 1986, SIMEX added its next product, the Nikkei. This involved education efforts at the exchange and among market players.
Pillai did not discuss the merger between SIMEX and the Stock Exchange of Singapore that created the Singapore Exchange, but he did discuss the move to electronic trading and how the exchange successfully navigated this.
While other exchanges saw their local trading populations greatly reduced by the move to electronic trading, Singapore saw 80 to 85% of its local trading community survive, Pillai said. The exchange created an electronic learning center on the trading floor and brought market educator Dan Gramza in from Chicago to help its traders learn electronic trading. Gramza even had an office on the trading floor where he could counsel traders during the trading day.
Piliai said as a result of the success of the efforts to help the locals, the Singaporean local trading community almost doubled in size by the time the move to the screen was complete.
Todays Options Newsletter
William Knottenbelt – The History of Financial Futures – Part Two
William Knottenbelt was interviewed by John Lothian for The History of Financial Futures video series at the FIA EXPO 2022 as he was preparing to leave the CME Group. He joined the CME Group in 2008 after being approached by then CME Executive Bryan Durkin while Knottenbelt was the head of global futures for the Royal Bank of Scotland, which had been taken over by the U.K. government during the financial crisis that year.
Investment in VettaFi Sets Up TMX to Grow Information Business in Canada and Globally
TMX Group recently invested in VettaFi, what it described as "a US-based, privately owned data, analytics, indexing, digital distribution, and thought leadership company" and TMX Chief Operating Officer Jay Rajarathinam spoke with JLN about the investment and other happenings going on at the exchange group.
Rajarathinam said TMX was seeking to expand into more information businesses and cited the acquisition of Wall Street Horizon as an example. Wall Street Horizon is a provider of global market-moving action and global corporate event data.
William Knottenbelt – The History of Financial Futures – Part One
William Knottenbelt said he likes to call himself a third generation commodity trader. Both his father and grandfather were commodities traders and had their own firms in Indonesia. Despite that background, Knottenbelt said he thought he wanted to be an accountant.
That thought did not last long after he secured a job at a commodity firm and realized he wanted to be on the trading side. Czarnikow offered him a job in London, but Knottenbelt wanted to work in France, so he was sent to its French subsidiary.