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Pavel Konvalinka (* 22. června 1955) je bývalý český fotbalista, záložník.

Fotbalová kariéra
V československé lize hrál za Spartu Praha a RH Cheb. Nastoupil ve 27 ligových utkáních. Gól v lize nedal. Do Sparty přišel na jaře 1974 z Tesly Žižkov.

Ligová bilance

Literatura
 Jindřich Horák, Lubomír Král: Encyklopedie našeho fotbalu – Libri 1997
 Radovan Jelínek, Miloslav Jenšík a kol.: Atlas českého fotbalu – Radovan Jelínek 2006
 Luboš Jeřábek: Československý fotbal v číslech a faktech – Olympia 1991
 Gól: fotbalový a hokejový týdeník – ročník 1974
 Gól: fotbalový a hokejový týdeník – ročník 1978

Externí odkazy
 CS Fotbal

Českoslovenští fotbalisté
Čeští fotbalisté
Fotbalisté AC Sparta Praha
Fotbalisté FC Union Cheb
Narození v roce 1955
Narození 22. června
Žijící lidé
Muži


The first democratically elected president of the Maldives says he has signed an agreement with his one-time archrival and former strongman to try to restore democracy in the archipelago state.
Former President Mohamed Nasheed said Saturday that the immediate target of the agreement, which was also signed by two opposition party leaders, is to form a majority in a parliament now controlled by lawmakers supporting President Yameen Abdul Gayoom.
Nasheed said that as a result they would be able to reform institutions like the elections commission and the judiciary to enable a free and fair presidential election next year.
Nasheed defeated strongman ruler Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, a half brother of the current president, in the country's first democratic election in 2008.


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Canadian Doctors Oppose Bill C-384, Favor Waiting for Miracles.
Today the Canadian Medical Association sent a letter to Parliament opposing bill C-384 which would "amend the Criminal Code so a doctor can assist a consenting terminally ill patient or a patient in severe physical or mental pain 'without any prospect of relief … to die with dignity.'"
The bill was introduced by MP Francine Lalonde in May and opposition has formed against it among "pro-life" groups and doctors.
Jose Pereira, the Chief of Palliative Care at an Ottawa hospital spoke at a news conference, using the case of assisted suicide in Switzerland and his experience working there as example of how palliative care is diminished when assisted suicide is legalized.
In a press conference, Pereira stated:
We must not abandon these vulnerable people through assisted suicide and euthanasia, but instead embark on a quest to find better ways to maintain their dignity and quality of life," he said.
While I agree with the statement on its face, I wonder at the media's inability to drill into details. The bill as proposed looks to be very much like the Oregon Death with Dignity Law which has proven to advance palliative care in that state. Unfortunately, the CBC reporter fails to cover how the bill in constructed and how that compares to the laws in Oregon or Switzerland. The structure of any assisted suicide law, like any other law, determines its effectiveness.
But the bit of his quote that concerns me deeply is the last sentence:
He added that he hears daily about patients recovering from dire situations, and said people should never lose hope.
This argument against assisted suicide abounds in the Westernized and predominantly Christian countries like Canada, Britain and the US where the courts are currently grappling with end-of-life issues, health care reform, and proposed laws. What underlies the need to "never lose hope" is the chance that a patient can recover from a "dire situation" miraculously, against all odds. It reeks not only of the unrealized magical powers of modern medicine (which I acknowledge but don't give full credence to; among the terminally ill, there is a difference between prolonging life and prolonging death) and the Judeo-Christian concept of God's ability to perform miracles.
Opposition to assisted suicide for the mentally ill, I understand. Depression and mental incompetence can preclude one from making sound decisions.
Opposition to regulated assisted suicide for the terminally ill because it may lead us down the "social slippery slope" to euthanasia or other unwarranted killing is really a lack of faith in government regulation.
And this lack of faith implies the religious argument for miracles and God's jurisdiction over suffering (when government asserts individual rights or is seen as unable to dictate moral standards) or a false hope for the powers of medicine. The former is an (in the US) unconstitutional imposition on the beliefs of others; the latter is a denial of scientific fact.
The issue of assisted suicide is complicated by the media's inability or reluctance to discern between varieties of assisted suicide (also called euthanasia, aid in dying or death with dignity by various parties in the debate) - how the laws are drawn and how they work - and who they should be applied to: the terminally ill; those like Terri Schiavo in persistent vegetative states; or the mentally ill or depressed.
Until the laws, miraculous notions and science are clearly discussed as distinguishable and separate factors in how we approach assisted suicide we will be forced to debate the subject with muddy arguments.
Labels: assisted suicide, Canada
posted by Ann Neumann at 7:32 AM
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Teaching Terri Schiavo to Swallow.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Deposition Author(s): Ye, S., Wu, X., Wei, L., Tang, D., Sun, P., Rao, Z.
An Insight into the Mechanism of Human Cysteine Dioxygenase: KEY ROLES OF THE THIOETHER-BONDED TYROSINE-CYSTEINE COFACTOR.
Ye, S., Wu, X., Wei, L., Tang, D., Sun, P., Bartlam, M., Rao, Z.
Cysteine dioxygenase is a non-heme mononuclear iron metalloenzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid with addition of molecular dioxygen. This irreversible oxidative catabolism of cysteine initiates several important metabolic pathways related to diverse sulfurate compounds. Cysteine dioxygenase is therefore very important for maintaining the proper hepatic concentration of intracellular free cysteine. Mechanisms for mouse and rat cysteine dioxygenases have recently been reported based on their crystal structures in the absence of substrates, although there is still a lack of direct evidence. Here we report the first crystal structure of human cysteine dioxygenase in complex with its substrate L-cysteine to 2.7A, together with enzymatic activity and metal content assays of several single point mutants. Our results provide an insight into a new mechanism of cysteine thiol dioxygenation catalyzed by cysteine dioxygenase, which is tightly associated with a thioether-bonded tyrosine-cysteine cofactor involving Tyr-157 and Cys-93. This cross-linked protein-derived cofactor plays several key roles different from those in galactose oxidase. This report provides a new potential target for therapy of diseases related to human cysteine dioxygenase, including neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases.
Tsinghua-IBP Joint Research Group for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.


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In Norfolk? Fancy going Gleaning?
Recently, Martin Bowman from Feeding5K (one of my fellow finalists in the Nesta Waste Reduction Challenge) got in touch to invite me to join their next Gleaning Day in Norfolk, which is taking place at the beginning of April. Sadly, I can't make it but I think the idea is so fab I wanted to extend the invitation out to anyone else who may be available locally. Martin explains more in detail below:
Gleaning day coming up on Saturday 6th April
On Saturday 6th April, the Gleaning Network will be heading down to a farm in Norfolk to harvest tonnes of parsnips and save them from going to waste, redistributing them to food poverty charities. We need volunteers to help harvest the tasty produce! Contact martin@feeding5k.org to find out more, sign up to volunteer, or help coordinate. The day will be roughly 10am-4pm (TBC), and travel expenses are covered for those travelling from Cambridge and nearby- the farm is near Kings Lynn station. If you can't join us this time, sign up to our gleaning list and we'll let you know of all future gleaning days. Join the Arable Spring!
What is Gleaning?
Gleaning Network UK, recently featured on BBC Radio 4's Food Programme and Al Jazeera, and organised by Tristram Stuart and Feeding the 5,000, is an exciting new initiative to save the thousands of tonnes of fresh fruit and vegetables that are wasted on UK farms every year. Farmers across the country often have no choice but to leave tonnes of their crops unharvested and get ploughed back in the soil. These crops often cannot reach the market either because they fail to meet the retail strict cosmetic standards or because of overproduction.
We coordinate teams of volunteers, local farmers and food redistribution charities in order to salvage this fresh, nutritious food and direct it to those that need it most, such as homeless hostels and charities. To date, we have salvaged several tonnes of excellent unmarketable British produce, including apples, cabbages, cauliflowers, spring greens and kale, and redistributed them to charities such as FareShare and the Best Before Project. Here's some more info, our video, and pictures of our last gleaning day. The movement is gathering pace, and we're rapidly expanding into a national network, with a hub now launching in Cambridge and Norfolk.
Here's more info in this video here:
Posted by Almost Mrs Average 2 comments Links to this post
Labels: Feeding5K, Food Waste, Gleaning, Norfolk
Zero Waste standards, tours & a party for good measure
The last few days of the international Zero Waste convention in San Francisco and the East Bay area have been very hectic with much debate and learning taking place. It has become evident that this part of the world is very justified in having such high standards in its expectations regarding the future of zero waste initiatives.
On Thursday, there was much heated debate in Oakland City Hall, led by Gary Liss, on defining a Zero Waste standard for business certification.
It was clear that Zero Waste certification is already being carried out on some major international businesses and is currently being managed by a range of organisations, including UL, NSF-ISR and the US Zero Waste Business Council who, in consultation with the Zero Waste International Alliance, are preparing an American standard for Zero Waste for submission to ANSI. Even though the current programmes are working towards high standards for Zero Waste (without landfilling or burning), it was debated that they aren't yet high enough and there could be a range of loop holes. Also there needs to be clarity of a standard for businesses that have very minimal wasted resources.
Pigs & Peacocks
Following the day's debate at City Hall, it was back on tour again, this time for dinner at Marin Sanitary Service, a family-run waste management company that serves Marin County in the East Bay area.
I've now been to a wide range of MRFs but I've this is the first time I've ever visited a site that keeps pigs or even peacocks, not to mention the chickens, which feature as a popular and unexpected item on their educational tours.
The philosophy of Zero Waste is at the heart of the company's activities and I love this poster where our host Devi Peri outlined how once you've harvested the low-hanging fruit, it is possible to incorporate other services to a point where the only things left are Extended Producer Responsibility, including redesign.
Mattress Recycling
On Friday we visited a mattress recycling company in Oakland, which is now processing 150,000 mattresses per year with only 10% of its waste ending up in landfill.
Mattress Recycling is a great example of how recycling is progressing but if manufacturers designed products for better deconstruction at end-of-life, waste reduction achievements could be even better.
The company's landfill stats may appear to be minimum but there still needs to be a push for products such as the one below, which cannot be disassembled, to be redesigned for disassembly.
However, for the majority that can be separated, the company is able to deconstruct the mattresses into good quality components, including metal that is sold onto metal dealers, wood that can be used in mulch, compost or energy production and cotton & fabrics that are sent onto the textile markets.
Dual Stream Bins & Buy Back
Having stayed in Berkeley this week, it was interesting to have a peek behind the scenes at Berkeley Recycling, the city's waste management company that serves residents and businesses locally.
One of the key points I drew out of the tour was the success of the company's dual stream collection, i.e. collecting recycling in split wheelie bins.
This allows for better quality of materials as plastic & metal packaging can be kept separate from paper and cardboard, which means easier and more efficient sorting at the MRF and maintains their ability to create one of the cleanest streams of recycling the the Bay Area. Currently Berkeley Recycling's MRF maintains just a residual rate of only 2-3% and thanks to the quality of its recycling streams doesn't experience any rejections.
It was also interesting to see how there are different service levels of participation to engage the public. Residents have a range of options for recycling, which include the kerbside service through the dual-streamed bins and a front-end recycling centre at the MRF.
The bins shown above cater for all the kerbside materials plus hard plastic, but as you can see below there is also a Buy Back service, where visitors can get paid separately for bottles, cans, paper and scrap aluminium, incentivising those who want to earn some extra dollars either for themselves or a community initiative.
I was intrigued to know the amount of materials collected through these different service levels. The figures are as follows:
Bring back: 100 tons per month
Buy back: 250 tons per month
Kerbside: 650 tons per month
It was also interesting to note that 'Buy back' services are an integral part of recycling services, not just in Berkeley but across California.
Innovations in Reuse
Throughout the week I have seen many examples of how Reuse has been an important feature in this area's waste hierarchy but it was the visit to El Cerrito's recycling centre which really demonstrated how this can be made not only visible to the public but also integral to a local culture.
The El Cerrito site underwent a major redesign in 2012 and has fast become one of most attractive recycling sites I have ever seen. Its popularity amongst local residents is such that it restricts visitors to two hours onsite. Two hours? Most people I know are in and out of a recycling centre in just 20 minutes.
The attraction of El Cerrito is that it is not just a recycling centre, it is also an exchange centre, featuring an onsite book 'store', where you can pick up items of interest for free and those who are registered can also pick out various items from some of their deposit bins. As well as managing a range of recycling streams on site, it also supports local community reuse organisations such as Urban Ore and the Goodwill charity.
For anyone interested in modelling reuse and community exchange facilities into their own recycling centres, it really is worth looking closely at the El Cerrito model and more information can be found on its website.
Party Time at Urban Ore
On the topic of reuse, one of the most amazing centres in this part of California... or indeed anywhere else that I've had the pleasure to visit is Urban Ore, which is a huge reuse and building materials exchange operation in Berkeley. It is also an active contributor to the Zero Waste programme and its website is really worth a visit for anyone who want to push activities further up the waste hierarchy in their own localities.
Urban Ore was also the venue for the end-of-week party and with the opportunity to browse around the store, I couldn't think of a better place to be.
This place is cool with a capital C!
It's not even afraid of reselling electricals and electronics. The onus is simply on any interested purchasers to test them out onsite first!
But when I say that Urban Ore is huge! It really is! Even this photo of 'party central' doesn't do it justice. And in fact, the outside is even larger than the inside.
The Urban Ore party really was a fitting venue for the end-of-week celebrations. It has been a great study tour of some of the best practice Zero Waste practices that are taking place in the world right now and if there are any local innovators, great thinkers and aspirational leaders in the UK's waste sector who want to be connected up to what I've seen this week, I would be delighted to make those connections.
I know waste management and working towards Zero Waste to conserve resources isn't easy, but it starts with rethinking the impossible and realising its potential towards a new reality. We should never be scared of these levels of innovation but should be excited about the technological, economic and social opportunities that they bring.
What I've witnessed this week have been communities that care about making the impossible actually possible, forging ahead with their vision and working together with City officials, service providers and strategists who are not daunted by moving away from old models of thinking.
This is something that is worth celebrating big time! So thank you San Francisco, leading the way with your 80% diversion rate, and to all the organisations from the Bay Area that shared their experiences this week. I feel very privileged to have been here with many of my International friends.
Folk, I think it's now time to watch this space. Meanwhile, here's another photo from the coolest party I've been to in a long time... and most probably ever!
California rocks! And so does its path to Zero Waste!
Labels: Berkeley Recycling, El Cerrito, examples of reuse, Marin Sanitary Services, materials exchange, Materials Recycling Facility (MRF), Mattress Recycling, San Francisco, Urban Ore, Zero Waste Standards, ZWIA
Zero Waste - The international scene
So, my adventures in Zero Waste continue in California and on Wednesday I attended the Zero Waste International Alliance Dialog, which brought together representatives and interested parties from the USA, Canada, British Columbia, Brazil, Colombia, Sweden, UK, Italy, the Philippines, Bhutan, India, Australia, China and Hong Kong.
Rick Anthony, Chair of the ZWIA, (pictured above), opened the conference with a history of how the Alliance was developed and how things have moved on from what started as a passion to protect resources from landfills through recycling facilities, to a multi-action programme of now diverting those resources from incineration and reducing waste at source through redesign. The international Alliance now provides a sound umbrella group for supporting national programmes through the sharing of knowledge and solutions that demonstrate Zero Waste in its true form (i.e. without the alternative of burning) is possible.
The programme of presentations featured experts who have embedded successful solutions in their own countries, working with communities, politicians, manufacturers and technologists to ensure the development of waste management solutions that protect the resources for recycling back into the system.
This is a great slide from Ruth Abbe, from the US, which simplifies the keys to achieving better resource management to a rate of 90% though physical & social infrastructure, with the remaining responsibility for the journey towards Zero Waste in the hands of the manufacturers and legislators to redesign products and ban those materials that cannot recycled or broken down through organic treatment.
Paul Connett, a chemist and international speaker on the topic of Zero Waste, who many now know from his contribution in the Trashed Film, explained in more detail the 10 steps to Zero Waste, which are summarised as follows:
A key theme that I've picked up from the success stories in Paul Connett's presentation and the those that have been highlighted in my trips to San Francisco and Europe is the significance in making waste visible. i.e. to really find out what is being burnt or buried.
Once communities have a handle on that and the associated volumes, debates can then lead to solutions, whether through front end source separation, better community communications, waste hierarchy interventions or feedback to manufacturers for redesign. It was reinforced again that if there is a political will to adopt this pathway towards Zero Waste, it is possible to embed alternative solutions to those that involve burning resources.
According to Paul Connett, the three international areas that are leading the way with embedding the true Zero Waste goals are Italy, Spain and California.
Again, like the NCRA conference, there was much to learn from the information exchange and here are some of the key points I picked up.
1. Canadians create the most municipal waste in the world, with only 33% being diverted through recycling and composting, but they are tackling it and Zero Waste Canada was created in January 2013. As well as the challenges of developing its infrastructure, it looks like Canada will also have to protect one of the great things that already exists which is its deposit-based bottle reuse programme, which is currently at risk from centralised recycling schemes. Elsewhere there are some great collaborative consumption schemes being implemented, including Toronto Toolshare. Also Canada was the first place to declare BPA as toxic.
2. Great strides are being made in South America, including Bogota's Zero Waste plan, which has fought for its 20,000 waste pickers to be an official part of the recycling value chain. Zero Waste Brazil has made significant progress too, creating a community based take-back model for recycling that pays participants in credits. At a higher level, Zero Waste Brazil was invited by the UN peacekeeping force to find solutions for solid waste during the 2010 earthquake disaster in Haiti. It will also be involved in pushing plans through for the Zero Waste Olympics in Rio.
3. Reports from the US showed how far Zero Waste commitments are spreading around towns and cities across the States and how the Solid Waste Association of North America has now changed the focus of its annual conference from 'Beyond the Blue Bin' to 'The Road to Zero Waste', following the Alliance's guiding principles.
4. From Europe, we saw the great examples once more coming out of Italy with 123 towns and cities that have now signed up to become Zero Waste communities. It was also highlighted how business and government strategies in Europe have been heavily weighted towards the 'Zero Waste to Landfill' goal, which risks taking away the focus and opportunities for a future down the line that is actually Zero Waste. Fellow trustee of the Zero Waste Alliance UK, Jane Green, highlighted the development of the Museum of Bad Design as an action-based research response to the need to design out waste. Elsewhere, Mal Williams warned that whilst planning future models in consumerism and wastage, we also need to prepare for economic shrinkage and make communities more resilient in managing the potential of their resources in a way that also develops social capital.
5. Froilan Grate of the Philippines spoke of how their strategy for Zero Waste was born out of a terrible tragedy in Payatas in 2000, where over 200 wastepickers died during a sudden landslide on a landfill site. Since then his organisation has been instrumental in creating over 1000 MRFs to better manage the resources and have developed Zero Waste programmes for management of waste and environmental issues at community level. The Philippines was the first country to commit to a ban on burning resources and is hence committed to striving high for zero waste goals, so much so that the Minister for Environment was also in attendance.
6. With Hong Kong facing an end to landfill in 2029, Lisa Christensen of Hong Kong Cleanup, called for the need for a Zero Waste Hong Kong strategy to be developed and has committed to sharing the ZWIA expertise locally.
As well as the need for managing rubbish from a resource perspective, various speakers at the conference on Wednesday highlighted that it is a human rights issue too, striving to change infrastructures that move from a world where practice is many areas is simply dangerous to local communities and those who work with with waste.
Examples from Mexico showed how much work has been done to stop the practice of burning waste in cement kilns and from China we heard an urgent call for better management of recycling where evidence has seen untreated plastic medical waste being recycled into poor quality children's toys.
This conference certainly taught me how there is still so much we don't know about the global problem of waste. It was most definitely an eye-opening event that demonstrated not only how many amazing solutions there are out there if only we take time to look, but also if we look for long enough we realise too how many issues still need resolving.
However, what I saw on Wednesday was a room full of experts including resource managers, chemists, designers, technologists, campaigners and professionals who are now Zero Waste managers, all sharing their expertise to address these issues.
One of the key initiatives also announced at this year's Dialog was the development of a new Zero Waste Youth organisation, which held a successful conference of its own in San Francisco on Sunday. It highlights that the issue of waste is also inter-generational and that the innovation of graduates and young people are needed too to help develop the research and technical skills to implement solutions now and in the future.
And of course, I welcomed the opportunity to share my very own Rubbish Diet story and the details of the forthcoming Rubbish Diet challenge. It was a real privilege to have the opportunity to profile this blog and my projects on an international platform and hear the amazing responses that followed. Something tells me that once my Nesta Waste Reduction challenge is over and having the right support in place for the UK programmes, I'd better get ready to roll up my sleeves to help support Rubbish Diet communities internationally. With interest already coming in from the US, Canada, Hong Kong, it looks like life could get very busy!
But the week's not over yet, and there's still much more to learn and report back on, including the development of international and national zero waste standards and a visit to a MRF that has its own pig farm.
But first, breakfast!
Labels: California, Zero Waste International Dialog 2013, ZWIA
US impressions. Recycling updates in California
Well, it's 5am Californian time and I've realised that the only chance of keeping this blog up-to-date is to wake up this early. I guess it's not too much of a hardship though because the whole jetlag thing that I'm experiencing for the first time is making sure I bob in and out of sleep at the end of the working day until the early hours of the morning. I'm sure I'll get used to it by the end of the week, in time for the Friday night party!
But even yesterday's conference the NCRA Recycling Update felt much like a party. It was certainly much more relaxed than any conference that I've attended before. Still as professional, with representatives from federal and state departments, waste management companies, independent consultants etc, yet it felt like it was a large group of old friends getting together for a catch up. As it turned out, many of the the people in the room were old friends, who have strived together over the last 20 years. I loved the atmosphere of in-jokes and celebratory applauses during the event yesterday as well as the fact that attendees were encouraged to bring their own reusable coffee cups.
But what did I learn?
Perhaps the fact that shouted most loudly yesterday was that San Francisco, with just 20% of its waste going to landfill is most definitely a shining light in the US recycling sector, with the rest of the US landfill rates currently at 54%. And as for the value of wasted packaging materials in the US, that currently stands at a whopping $11,402,020,357.
(Source: As you Sow)
Elsewhere, according to food waste awareness project Food Shift, $165 billion worth of wasted food is thrown out each year, with the US spending $750 million on its disposal.
These are huge problems and naturally very similar to those that we have to tackle in the UK. And just like us, there is much strategising to resolve the issues at all levels of the waste hierarchy, with particular pushes to introduce single use bag bans/taxes, development of Anaerobic Digestion plants, managing construction & demolition waste, pushing for extended producer responsibility, standardising packaging labelling, developing reuse opportunities and pushing food waste further up the hierarchy.
So for anyone sat in the UK, pondering the impact of their own actions and thinking 'what's the point of me doing something, when we look at how much America wastes', from what I've seen so far my message is 'it's time to wake up and smell the coffee' because this huge continent is busying itself with solutions and action plans to sort it out. It is also leading the way with zero waste ambitions while adopting good practice that's emerging from other countries too.
It would take me all week to feature all of the great things that came out of yesterday's conference, so being in no position to do that, I'm going to leave you with just a few of the highlights and links for you to ponder.
1. Even when food waste collections are brought into place, examples from Portland and San Francisco show that home composting is still very much encouraged and adopted. Stats from Portland reveal that 50% of Portlanders still home compost.
2. Across the States, there is still much work to do in improving the recycling infrastructure, as many residents still don't have access to easy recycling facilities.
3. Reuse is a growth industry. Oregon's St Vincent de Paul provides a great example of how a thrift store, which once contributed much of its donations to landfill, now has a diversion rate of 95%. The charity's Terry McDonald gave examples that despite competition from sites such as Amazon, its book retail charity brings sales of $1.2b per year. In recent years, it has also found opportunities in the mattress sector, both in rebuilding mattresses for reuse and reselling components for recycling. It imports dark oak furniture from Europe, which has a better resale value here, whereas in places such as the UK and Belgium such furniture could have been scrapped for wood recycling/landfill/recovery. Other examples of innovative processing include creating tumbled glass for reselling to the floristry and creative industries, remelting candle wax to create fire-bricks and collecting single shoes to help amputees.
4. A great scheme that is piloting the reuse of what are normally defined as Hazardous Waste Products, is Tehama County's REAP project (Reuse of Available Products), which redistributes cleaning products, stains, paints, polishes, automotive fluids and more to the public free of charge. More information can be found about it here.
5. There is still much to do with overcoming confusing packaging labelling, especially as the US has similar problems to the UK where the recycling facilities vary across counties and states. However, the Sustainable Packaging Coalition is trying to consolidate and standardise messages to help consumers. The website www.how2recycle.info shows how new labelling has been developed, following the lead of the UK's own On Pack Recycling Label (OPRL). There is also a list of organisations that are now adopting it.
6. Food Shift's Dana Frasz is a leading light in the area of food waste, campaigning to push food waste management further up the hiearchy, so that it is distributed to the hungry way before it ever becomes treated as a waste material and using it as an opportunity for job creation. More details can be found at www.foodshift.net.
7. Eric Lombardi of Eco-cycle and Dr Jeff Morris of Sound Resource Management Group presented one of their latest analytical models comparing MBT (which they've redefined as MRTB - Mechanical Recovery Biological Treatment) Landfill and Energy from Waste solutions, in relation to treating differing percentages of residual/solid waste. Their tools model data against Climate Change impacts, Acidification, Respitory Diseases, Ecotoxity and much more. Further information about this kind of work can be found at www.zerowaste.com/pages/MEBCalc.htm.
I feel guilty about leaving so much out, but as soon as links to the presentations are available, I will include them here. Meanwhile, here's a link to the movers and shakers who featured in yesterday's jam-packed programme.
So with yesterday's California/US focus, today's conference moves towards the international scene, hosted by the Zero Waste International Alliance, where we look forward to hearing some of the challenges, opportunities and fantastic initiatives from around the rest of the world.
Please excuse me, while I head for breakfast, grab some much-needed coffee and get cracking on another busy day. I promise, I will be back to respond to the emails, comments and tweets later.
Zero Waste greetings from California
So here I am, thousands of miles away from home, following in the footsteps of Jeremy Irons and his recent movie Trashed. Except, I've not ended up in Hollywood. I'm somewhere far more exciting! Yep, as part of this year's international Zero Waste conference, I'm 'on location' in San Francisco, visiting Recycle Central, which was featured in the documentary, and exploring how the city and county of San Francisco is so advanced in its journey towards Zero Waste.
And that trash truck that you see there, is one of the few that can be seen heading for landfill, taking less than 5% of waste from Recology's recycling MuRF/Recycling Depot, after the paper, plastic, cardboard and cans have been baled for processing. Overall, thanks to its well-streamed organics and recycling facilities, San Francisco's diversion rate from landfill is 80%, not only placing it high on the Zero Waste league table, but well on its way to its goal of 100% Zero Waste by 2020.
And that's Zero Waste to landfill or incineration!
Now that's a very high ambition indeed and gives many of the best Zero Waste goals of even the UK a run for their money, but judging by what I've seen on my first day, I would bet my bottom dollar (see how I threw in that local colloquialism there) that San Francisco is going to achieve it, or at least get pretty damn close.
And this stems from the fundamental belief that the rubbish generated by San Francisco's visitors, businesses and residents is too valuable to bury or burn and has much higher economic, social and environmental value being reused or recycled as a resource. Consequently, San Francisco's municipal Environment Department and business community have overcome many of the perceived barriers and hurdles, working together to introduce alternative solutions that benefit their zero waste agenda and its local community.
As we drove away from Recycle Central yesterday, these solutions were pretty easy to spot, with the piles of demolition rubble that now has to be processed for construction reuse instead of being buried in landfill. Further afield, but close to the city, organics (including all forms of food waste) are also diverted out of the landfill thanks to composting and AD facilities, creating a product that is now highly in demand by local vineyards, farms and recreation facilities.
But to achieve this, high levels of participation are needed and during our tour around the very popular Fisherman's Wharf, it became clear how re-education, attitudes and the right financial leverage tools are helping to realise San Francisco's Zero Waste culture, especially within the business sector.
Take Scoma's Fish Restaurant for instance. According to one of its executive chef's Kelly, who gave us a behind-the-scenes tour, it now diverts 97% of its waste from landfill, saving an estimated $1100 per month.
Scoma's is one the top 20 grossing restaurants in the United States, with 170 staff on its books, serving up to 2000 people a day. Its corporate philosophy is heavily linked to sustainability and embraced by its staff and thanks to the supporting waste collection infrastructure, diverting restaurant waste from landfill has become very easy.
As Kelly says "it's not hard, it's just using a different coloured garbage can".
But businesses in Fisherman's Wharf don't just stop at recycling goals. There are some great examples of waste prevention too, and one of these is the lead being shown by fish supplier Two X Sea, which has redesigned their distribution packaging from disposable cardboard boxes to reusable hotel pans.
Owner Kenny Belov took us through how his company's one off investment of $8,000 in the streamlined reusable system, which integrates with the storage facilities of his customers, not only saves his company huge amounts of money from being wasted through disposable packaging, but it also saves his customers time and cash too as they don't need to process or repackage the fish at the other end.
While all this is happening 'behind-the-scenes' in Fisherman's Wharf, there is also more visible change on the streets too.
Our guide for the day, Lisa Lukacs, a Zero Waste consultant who's working closely with the wharf, demonstrated how the port authorities are changing their management of recycling through the application of the Big Belly solar recycling bins on Pier 45.
With facilities for passers-by to fully separate compostables and recycling, the system also has a solar-powered compacting system to manage the residual trash, alerting the authorities electronically when it's ready to be emptied. With a leasing agreement of $230 per month, this method has already demonstrated a reduction in labour costs associated with emptying regular bins.
The day's tour ended with a presentation from San Francisco's municipal environment department, which addressed a whole range of topics from the 10c single use bag charge, the significance of the food hierarchy in diverting usable food to the San Francisco food banks and the promotion of home composting. Also covered were the success of the Green Apartment programme as well as links to schools.
As the county progresses further down the path towards zero waste, there will now be a focus on extended producer responsibility, including redesigning waste out of the system and greater financial contributions for disposal.
You can find more about department's Zero Waste programme here at www.sfenvironment.org.
Of course, a day of introductions to San Francisco's Zero Waste initiatives wouldn't have been complete without a screening of Trashed at the Aquarium of the Bay, which is itself closely connected to the ZW goals. The avid applause and whoop-whoops from the audience at seeing the achievements of San Francisco featured in the documentary were entirely appropriate, enjoyable and very well deserved.
It was inspiring enough to have seen these examples from afar as an audience member in the UK, but to have witnessed them in person has been even more of an eye-opener to the opportunities that are available to work towards zero waste efficiently and effectively.
There are great lessons to be learned from San Francisco and over the next few days week, I hope to find out more as well as discover news of what's happening from across the world at the zero waste conference that is bringing together experts from countries that include the US, Sweden, Italy, Wales, Brazil, Columbia, India, Bhutan, the Philippines, Italy, Canada and Australia.
It will be a real privilege to find out about some of the best practice from across the world and also share my experience of The Rubbish Diet with them too. My thanks go to the Zero Waste Alliance UK and Zero Waste International Alliance for providing me with this fantastic opportunity.
More news will be shared soon.
Labels: San Francisco, Zero Waste
Postcard from Corsham: Celebrating the Rubbish Diet in Wiltshire
Back row L-R Sarah, Jen, Emma & Pip
Taken at the Pound Art Centre, Corsham's screening of Trashed
Well, I'm back from Wiltshire, having spent a great night out with some of the Rubbish Dieters and Emma Croft from Wiltshire Wildlife Trust, who have been working through their Rubbish Diet Challenge over the last 8 weeks. Initial feedback? According to Emma and the participants, it's been a great success in more ways than one. Check out their great blogposts at www.wiltshirewildlife.org, which includes some of the examples from the 15 households have taken part. Please also visit Sarah's blog at Everyday life on a shoestring and Jen's Make do and mend year and keep your eyes peeled for the results of their current Zero Waste Week. I had a great time staying over with Pip from Transcoco's Zero Waste group. I reckon every town should have one (a Pip and a Zero Waste Group)! Weather was fine, food delicious and the Q&A at the Trashed screening was very much of the positive kind! Wish you were there. Next stop - the Zero Waste conference in San Francisco! I'll send a postcard very soon.
Me. x
The one where I popped over to European Parliament
European Parliament eh! Well I'd never been there before, until last Thursday when I'd been invited to give a presentation about The Rubbish Diet at a conference organised by Zero Waste Europe.
The event, which was held in one of the large committee rooms in Brussels, brought together zero waste strategists, product designers, researchers, waste managers, communities and politicians from across Europe to discuss the cornerstones that are needed to move towards a society that is no longer so heavily dependent on landfill and incineration, integrating resource efficient solutions instead.
It was evident from the debates that we still have a long way to go, especially concerning national and local political will. However it was also clear from the presentations that there are some great models of how society is changing, especially in Italy where there are now 123 towns, villages and cities actively signed up to Zero Waste goals, which are not just about waste but deliver economic, social and environmental benefits as well. It all started with the small town of Capannori, where they now have a recycling rate of 82% and have introduced a range of waste reduction initiatives including a research centre, which now liaises closely with industry.
The province of Gipuzkoa in the Spanish Basque Country is also another case study to watch closely. It was impressive to see how they have turned their waste strategy around from planned incineration, which would have cost 400 million Euros, to a solution supported by 3 MBT plants, 6 composting plants and a biogas generator, costing 183 million Euros by comparison. Inaki Errakzin, the Environment Minister also outlined how, thanks to better recycling, their approach has helped reduce waste from a projected 240,000 tonnes in 2012 to 209,000. In Hernani, an area with 20k residents, many living in apartment blocks, they have also seen the average amount of waste decrease from 250 kilos per person per year to just 70 kilos. Currently 54 towns out of a total of 88 have signed up to zero waste goals, working towards a target of 75% recycling by 2020.
In attendance, for part of the day, was Janez Potočnik, the EU Commissioner for Environment, who also launched the Plastic Waste Green Paper that very same day, which I understand has already received a great deal of coverage in the UK media.
Potočnik sees waste not as a problem but as an opportunity, where with the right economic incentives and outcomes could see 400,000 new jobs across the EU.
It was encouraging to hear his drive, commitment, pragmatism and enthusiasm as he described how not only must we limit energy recovery to materials that cannot be reused or recycled, but we must also be careful about creating overcapacity. He also declared that there should be zero plastic waste in the environment.
The Green Paper will now see consultations across industry alongside consumers and public administrations. If you are interested in responding, you can access the relevant papers here and I suggest that you do.
I'm quite relieved I didn't have to give my presentation in that rather large committee room, with its daunting setting and a multitude of translators. The afternoon was in a much more intimate space as shown below.
Here, we got to hear about some fantastic activities that are taking place across Europe, including an introduction to the excellent Reethaus design studio in Estonia, which creates clothes from fashion waste, an industry which suffers from all sorts of waste issues arising from cutting leftovers, roll ends, planned over-production and excess fabric, not to mention problems such as rejected and cancelled orders as well as faulty items.
Currently the design house works with factories in Bangladesh, where the fabric would otherwise be destroyed in incinerators. Working in this way, they are able to produce garments using up to 95% less energy and 70% less water for each item. I love creative design solutions like this and this practical case-study complemented an earlier presentation from the Cradle-to-Cradle Products Innovation Institute where we learned about products such as carpet being made from old recycled carpet and Puma trainers made from recycled PET, supported by a take-back scheme. In the design world, there is much going on to change the way we look at manufacturing.
On the subject of designing out waste, if your Italian skills or Google Translate fancy a work out, you'll also be inspired by the Effecorta cooperative in Italy, a growing chain of shops which specialises in packaging-free produce. Having begun in Capannori, the first zero waste community in Italy, the stores have now expanded to Ferrara and Milan. More information is available on the Zero Waste Europe website.
One of my favourite presentations was from Pal Martenssen from the Kretsloppsparken, in Goteborg, Sweden. Kretsloppsparken is a household waste recycling centre, but not as we know it. It goes far beyond your average site, providing regular entertainment and education on tap as well as lovely gardens and a cafe too. In fact, for some of the music events, they ask customers to pay in recycling rather than cash.
So if your Swedish is up to scratch, you can find out more about the park in this video. But don't worry, even if, like me, you can't speak a work of Swedish, you'll still get a feel for what it offers.
The conference ended with the screening of the Trashed documentary, which was introduced by Jeremy Irons who had also been at European Parliament for the launch of the Green Paper.
Jeremy Irons addressed the audience, highlighting the issues of plastic waste that had witnessed during the making of Trashed. If you haven't already seen it, you can read more in an earlier review I wrote about it here.
Some of his final words were that we have to make this problem as sexy as possible, to capture the interest and commitment from as many people as possible.
I wholeheartedly agree and have a few cunning plans up my sleeve myself, but for starters here's a fabulous lip-smacking bin lorry poster that I saw the following day, on a field trip to a waste management plant in Flanders, which boasts a 74% municipal recycling rate. I confess they implement a pay-as-you-throw scheme which has helped get residents more engaged, but I reckon some clever advertising must also go a long way.
It was a real privilege to be part of such a momentous event, which is now expected to draw further interest from the MEPs that were in attendance. There must be many more great case studies to be shared from around the continent and this could be the first event of many.
'But what of the sexy recycling bins at European Parliament?' I hear you ask... I am sure you're keen to know.
Well guess what I found in the corridors of the power house of Europe?
It's not quite the sexy pose I had up my sleeve but a good dose of comedy enthusiasm must help surely and certainly beats the alternative idea of bin planking!
How I ever got allowed through the doors of the European Parliament, I'll never know.
Labels: European Parliament, Green Paper, Trashed Film, Waste Plastics, Zero Waste Europe
Zero Waste standards, tours & a party for good mea...
Postcard from Corsham: Celebrating the Rubbish Die...
The one where I popped over to European Parliament...


text:
Do we really need to worry about car hacking? Yes.
Robert Pepper 2015-07-23
23 Jul 2015 Robert Pepper
Should you be concerned about your car in the wake of the recent Jeep Cherokee uConnect car hacking revelations? Yes, because Car hacking is a question of when, not if.
RESEARCHERS IN THE USA have successfully taken control of a Jeep Cherokee, using a vulnerability in the car's uConnect information unit to change the fan speed, stereo volume and even change the car's infotainment screen image, as shown in the screengrab used for this article's title shot. That's bad enough, but they also took over critical controls such as the transmission and throttle. Clearly, if they had malicious intent then the driver could have been killed. We have a list of affected vehicles here.
But let's not panic, at least not over here, and not yet. Australian cars aren't vulnerable to this particular remote hack because the uConnect system in Aussie Jeep Cherokees does not connect to the Internet, and therefore cannot be remotely hacked and controlled. Not only that, Jeep tell us that the uConnect systems in Australia (across the FCA empire) are completely different to the one fitted to American vehicles, even without the Internet access function.
It is also worth noting that while the example vehicle is a Jeep, any car that is connected to the Internet is vulnerable. It just so happened that a Jeep was first to be cracked and used as an example. It won't be the last.
So where are we at today with car security?
Remember those green-screen Nokias? Simple and dumb. You probably had most of your contact's names and numbers on there, and you'd tediously type in each entry. If you lost the phone no big deal, someone else would have those contacts and who you'd called when, but there wasn't much they could do with it. And how would they get access to it anyway? Those old phones had no Internet connection, about the best you could do was connect them with a cable to a computer. Summary – too hard, too little value. If there is a definition of "secure" it's when the effort required is greater than the potential reward, and that was the case back in the day.
Now in 2015 we have ultra-sophisticated smartphones. We have our lives on there, our complete identities, secrets and detailed history. Not only that, the things are connected 24×7 to the Internet. And the phones have all manner of sensors – location via various means including GPS, two cameras, thermometers, microphones and more, all of which could – and do – easily come under the control of an attacker. Simply, if your smartphone is stolen or compromised that is now a very serious matter as your life could well be turned upside down with identity theft or worse. Secure? Effort is small, reward high.
Here's the problem we will very shortly face. Cars are going the same way as phones, carmakers aren't taking the threat seriously enough, and there's no sign they're going to do so.
What's the risk of car hacking now?
Right now, as of July 2015 in Australia, the threat is minimal. In smartphone terms, cars are around 2005, at the stage where colour screens are cool, and there's just the beginnings of apps. The iPhone, in car terms, hasn't been released but is coming. Very few cars are connected to the Internet, and if a car is not online it can't be remotely hacked, at least not like the researchers did with the Jeep. It is however possible that a wifi-hotspot, Bluetooth or some other shorter-range data transmission system could be subverted. And with physical access to the vehicle it is possible to install cheap gagdets that provide that Internet link, just a 4G SIM card and some inexpensive hardware.
It is true there have been exploits on some of the very newest cars, but it is a measure of the rarity that they make worldwide headlines. If your smartphone is hacked today there will be no headlines.
There is an exploit to remotely unlock keyless cars, and we can expect that to be used more widely.
What's the risk in the future?
Huge. Three reasons:
First, cars are becoming more automated, and automation always has the potential to be maliciously controlled. Cars can now detect objects ahead via AEB and self-brake. Electric steering is computer controlled. Automatic transmissions have been computer controlled for a long time. Older, analogue cars were never this vulnerable. There are very good reasons for this increasing automation – safety, cost, convenience – but computer controlled automation does introduce the risk of abuse.
Second, cars are, and will increasing be connected to the Internet for all sorts of reasons you can guess – realtime fault diagnosis, navigation, personalisation. That is when, not if. In fact, it's now, and the level of integration will rapidly increase.
Finally, the simple fact is that if anything is connected to the Internet then it is vulnerable to hacking; remote takeover, data theft, sabotage or what have you. Nothing is 100% secure, ever. We've seen everything get hacked from Sony to LinkedIn to most recently Ashley Madison. Smaller-scale attacks are so commonplace they are unremarkable – every day there are thousands of smartphones and computers successfully attacked. There are scum who make a sport of taking over laptops, recording videos of unsuspecting users on webcams, and then blackmailing the user – Google RATing if you don't believe. And of late, Australia has been hit hard by ransomware which encrypts files and demands money for them to be unlocked.
Cybercrime is now literally a big, big business, not just bored kiddies out for kicks. It's a business that is getting bigger every day, and cars will make a very, very attractive target.
What could happen if a car is hacked?
We don't really know because the future is hard to predict, but let's take a stab.
There's the obvious, such as running the car off the road. There's indirect, such as distracting the driver enough to scare or cause a crash. And there's the subtle such as fiddling with navigation directions, playing with the heating and generally haunting the vehicle. Finally, there's harvesting information…doing nothing other than seeing what the car's doing, where it's going, probably who's in it. Cross-reference that with other information, say from a smartphone, and you can find out a lot about a person or persons. This starts to get into the meta-data debate, and certainly cars can provide a lot of meta-data. Privacy? It's gone.
Cars are also likely to have more and more sensors. Today there are cars now with 5 or more cameras as standard, voice recognition features, and systems to detect drowsy drivers. If those systems are compromised imagine the information that an attacker could get hold of.
What should car manufacturers do?
Car manufacturers need to start taking security seriously, because at present there is no evidence they do so, a bit like mobile phone makers and software industry of yesteryear.
That means copying best of what the computer software industry does, and the best of what the financial services industry does. Both sectors have decades of tech security experience on which to draw. It also means learning lessons from aviation which also has the mix of transport and computers, and that's one industry that really does take safety seriously.
Having seen what has happened with smartphones and PCs, the car industry has no excuse they don't know what's coming, and the lessons they can learn are clear.
Unfortunately, manufacturers of anything (not just cars) hate security because it increases complexity and costs, while reducing usability and performance. And it's not something buyers typically care about until too late, so there's good commercial reasons for wanting to get away with the minimum security.
That's not a good attitude because we're not talking about smartphones, we're talking about cars which are big, heavy objects that can kill.
Here's some ideas for carmakers
How cars should be, but largely aren't designed for security:
Separation of concerns
Divide a car's functions into two areas; critical and non-critical. Critical would include anything that controls the car's movement on the road; steering, brakes, throttle. Non-critical is everything else. Then seperate the two areas as far as possible, and ensure there are very clearly and tightly controlled communications from one to the other. It will not, in the future, be possible to entirely separate them, but at least care can be taken. Right now, it's pretty much open slather. If this principle was followed properly by Jeep then the hack attack described above could not have worked. I've seen other cars fail to start because of a simple satnav problem, and that indicates lack of a separation of concerns.
Specialist security team
Car manufacturers have heads of design, engineering, suspension…you name it. Now they need to have a head of security with a team of specialists. That head of security needs a seat at the big table too.
Talk to any car PR person and they can explain at length the team behind the engineering. Ask about security and it's…umm, err, part of an existing team like quality. That needs to change…before car hacks start being commonplace.
Sanity check overrides
There has to be a fully independent system for critical car functions which is NOT connected to the primary control systems. This system must be constantly sanity-checking what's happening with the car and if it doesn't make sense, then override. The driver's control must be via this system too, so the computer's automated inputs come in via one channel, and the driver's by another and that takes priority.
ANCAP tests cars for safety. We need a security equivalent of ANCAP, and it needs the legal powers to do its job and enforce compliance to standards. Again we can look at the aviation world.
Vulnerability reporting
Despite best efforts, mistakes will be made and vulnerabilities will be discovered. So there must be a clear and easy way for those vulnerabilities to be reported, acted upon and fixed. This is a cross-industry issue, and something on which all car manufacturers should work together. The software industry is the template here. It is interesting to see that Jeep's statements on the Cherokee issue use the same sort of language software companies used long ago.
Bugfix management
Once the vulnerability is discovered the car needs to be fixed, and fixed instantly. That means all cars must have a robust and reliable patch management system. Again, the software industry leads the way. Your phone and computer are constantly self-updating.
Anyone else need to take action?
Yes, governments need to crack down hard on this sort of hacking crime before it is commonplace, and enforce security standards. I'd also like to see an national, integrated security approach across computing, cars and pretty much everything else as the nature of security problems is that they tend to span multiple areas. Some senators in the USA have had the foresight to introduce a bill to enforce security standards.
The reason the government needs to take action is because nobody else will. Consumers won't demand it from car companies until it's too late because humans are just dumb like that, and car companies will react only to market forces.
Right now, in Australia, you need do nothing today as far as your car is concerned. There are so few cars that have so few vulnerabilities, and there aren't the wide skills and cracking tools available to hack cars. You should be far more concerned about securing your social media accounts and smartphones for which there are easily available hacking tools and rich opportunities for abuse.
Cybercrime is presently far more profitable mining people's personal data, social media, smartphones and the like. There will be sporadic, high-profile attacks on cars like the one on the Jeep, but no need to panic yet. It's a bit like the prominence shark attacks or airliner crashes are given when we should be all much more scared of crossing the road.
However, very soon – and I'd say within 12-24 months – we need to start buying a car based not just on looks and performance, but also secure it is from an information and control perspective.
Car manufacturers, over to you. Are you going to take this threat seriously, or wait for a tragedy and then act? Do let me know…
Robert was interviewed by the ABC on this subject today. Recording and transcript here.
Tags:car hackingJeep
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Robert Pepper


The sun and the moon are two hard-working celestial bodies. As the earth revolves around the sun, the motion gives us the seasons. Winter is when the angle of the sun is most oblique. The moon affects the tides. The sun and moon work together and both change the spin of the earth. My sun and moon are shown with the sun growing the flowers and the moon controlling the tides. Enjoy!
Choose Your Size: 12" x 12" 20" x 20" 30" x 30" 40" x 40"


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El summa honoraria (o summa legitima) era una cantidad monetaria que los sacerdotes y magistrados civiles, u otros cargos, tenían que pagar al comenzar sus puestos en las ciudades del Imperio romano. En algunos sitios, como en la colonia cesárea de Urso, los duoviri y los aediles tenían la obligación de pagar 2000 sestercios para cubrir el coste de los juegos públicos, como se refleja en su Lex. En inscripciones de otras ciudades se registran sumas que suelen oscilar entre los 3000 y 35.000 sestercios. En Calama, en la Numidia romana, se registra que un pontífice tuvo que pagar 600.000 sestercios como pago de entrada a su nuevo cargo.

La summa honoraria era en gran parte un fenómeno del Occidente latino. En el Oriente griego, esta función la desempeñaba la liturgia, mediante la cual se imponía cierto costo a los ricos, tanto si ocupaban un cargo como si no.

Gobierno de la Antigua Roma
Imperio romano

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Check out the Summer 2018 issue of FarmLife magazine! If you're interested in receiving FarmLife, see your local AGCO equipment dealer in the United States and Canada.
An Ontario family grows an agritourism destination. A son returns to manage the family farm. An Air Force veteran makes his second dream come true. An Oklahoman builds an on-farm museum for Massey equipment. Check out these stories and more in the Summer issue of FarmLife. Read the entire issue here or browse some of the stories below.
After his father suffered a series of strokes, Rex Reyher came home to the family farm in southeast Colorado. With his family and hopes in tow, the fourth-generation farmer is now working to ensure the farm's survival.
As a boy, Jimmy Smithers dreamed of one day becoming both a pilot and a farmer. Today, horses and hay are simply heaven for this Air Force veteran and his wife, who have made their dreams come true in west-central Missouri with the help of Massey Ferguson equipment and their local AGCO dealer.
On this Ontario farm, animals are practically members of the family. Read more about how this family from Ontario has turned its 10-acre hobby farm into an agritourism destination and refuge for all kinds of animals.
Jim Esbenshade's lifelong passion for Massey tractors led him to a new project—building Massey World, a 17,000-square-foot, two-story museum on his Oklahoma farm to honor and preserve the brand's rich agricultural heritage.
There's much more in the Summer issue of the magazine, as well as online at myFarmLife.com. Visit often for the latest in crop care trends, stories from our best customers and even projects for your farmstead.


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2012-11-03T19:13:24-04:00https://images.c-span.org/Files/bc4/309008-m.jpgThe Republican National Committee presented a broadcast in support of President Gerald Ford's 1976 presidential campaign. The program featured insights and testimonials from politicians and supporters, including entertainer Pearl Bailey, and aired on national television the evening before election day. It also featured remarks from President Ford on board Air Force One.
President Ford went on to lose that election-and the presidency-to Democratic candidate Jimmy Carter.
The Republican National Committee presented a broadcast in support of President Gerald Ford's 1976 presidential campaign. The program featured insights and testimonials from politicians and supporters, including entertainer Pearl Bailey, and aired on national television the evening before election day. It also featured remarks from President Ford on board Air Force One.
Governor Ronald Reagan endorsed President Gerald Ford in a 1976 presidential campaign ad.


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Q: how I can take the input from for loop and add it to the second input from loop I want to take first value the user will enter and add it to the second value he will enter.
z=int(input("enter number of values needs for equal : "))

for i in range(z):
    print(" numbers ",i)
    value=input()

print(equal)

A: Please evaluate your query in your future posts.I think this may help you.
equal = 0
z=int(input("enter number of values needs for equal : "))

for i in range(z):
    print(" numbers ",i)
    value=int(input())
    equal = equal + value
print(equal)

A: Solution:
z=int(input("enter number of values needs for equal : "))

value_list=[]

for i in range(z):
    print(" numbers ",i)
    value=input()
    value_list.append(value)

print(equal)

You could create a list an for every number in the z-input the user have to write a new number and then the number get added to the value_list

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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How 3D Printing Helped Southern California-Based Total Resources International Launch a New Product into a Big Box Retailer
Posted on May 18, 2018 by Cullen Hikene
3D Printing has made headlines across virtually every industry and not a day goes by without some innovative use case winding up in the news. For Southern California-based Total Resources International (TRI), 3D Printing was instrumental in helping it prepare a new product concept for an important meeting with a big-box retailer.
Click here for a PDF version of this case study.
Total Resources International (TRI)
In the nearly three decades since its inception, the family-owned Total Resources International (TRI) has grown to become one of the leading manufacturers of first aid kits and emergency preparedness essentials in the nation. TRI develops and manufactures these kits for home, office, school, auto, sporting goods, outdoors and marine and farm under the Be Smart Get Prepared brand. Located in Walnut, Calif., TRI operates in a 5-building, 7-acre facility with more than 120,000 square feet with its own in-house research and development, product development, marketing, sales, purchasing, production, shipping/receiving, quality control, inventory control, and administration departments.
In 1995, TRI owners George and Merlyn Rivera established a 501(c) (3) non-profit organization called Vision HimPossible Ministries (VHM). VHM supports ministries and missionaries domestically and overseas in the Philippines, India, Asia, South America, and Mexico, and actively supports orphanages, establishes community outreach, leadership and livelihood programs, sustains feeding centers, and helps build churches, learning centers, and schools. A portion of all TRI's after-tax profits supports VHM.
TRI products can be found in many well-known, big-box retailers nationwide.
Working with 3Diligent
When TRI was asked to develop a new storage case design for one of its best-selling kits at a big box retailer, new products designer Erika Villalobos wanted to develop something innovative and different than previous kits. The two-level case was designed to be more user-friendly, have easier access to components, and a modern, sleek look. Since easy access to first-aid supplies was a key part of the new design, it was important to show this functionality in the meeting with the retailer in a way that was more impactful than using a drawing.
New to 3D Printing, Villalobos was unsure of what process and materials would be appropriate for her design. Villalobos called a number of local 3D Printing vendors and while she was able to receive quotes, the vendors weren't able to answer the questions that she had. One company even discouraged her by saying that her design files were incorrect and that certain materials weren't possible for her design.
But when Villalobos contacted 3Diligent, their team was able to answer her questions, work with her files, and gain access to a range of 3D Printing material options that other providers didn't or couldn't offer. Villalobos submitted a request for quote (RFQ) on the 3Diligent website and received a quote within 24 hours.
"Even though I was hesitant to try 3D Printing and had so many questions, my 3Diligent sales rep answered all of my questions and made me feel comfortable. Working with 3Diligent just felt right," said Villalobos. "The fast, open communication continued through the entire process."
3Diligent's Range of Digital Manufacturing Capabilities
3Diligent offers a complete range of additive manufacturing processes including sheet lamination, binder jetting, material jetting, vat photopolymerization, extrusion, powder bed fusion, and directed energy deposition. 3Diligent also offers machining and casting services. These processes are offered across the range of resins, plastics, metals, and composites, and allows 3Diligent to address virtually any project need, from prototype to production.
A Successful Relationship
TRI delivered its new design sample to its contacts at the retailer and was able to demonstrate the new features and functionality and the retailer was happy. The design will be on sale in the next year or two. TRI is now working to develop a number of new, patented products and plans to work with 3Diligent on 3D Printing those designs to ensure their functionality.
3Diligent is "The Digital Manufacturing Partner for Every Business" offering CAD/CAM-based fabrication services such as 3D Printing, CNC machining, and casting. 3Diligent uses data science to analyze customer requests for quotes (RFQs) and identify optimal rapid manufacturing solutions across its network of qualified partners to fabricate better parts faster. 3Diligent's next-generation approach to rapid manufacturing allows customers to simplify their procurement and rationalize its service provider list. 3Diligent counts companies from Fortune 500 enterprises to startups among its customers. For more information, visit https://www.3Diligent.com/.
3Diligent 2019 State of Metal 3D Printing Report
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Additive Manufacturing definition
Additive manufacturing uses data computer-aided-design (CAD) software or 3D object scanners to control hardware to deposit material, layer upon
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A mold taken from the Dwarf Alaska Dogwood. A diminutive member of the dogwood family that grows in the understory in the boreal forests around Fairbanks Alaska.
Hand cast using bronze metal clay. Each backside has a unique leaf pattern. The Teardrop pendant measures about 1" tall.


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Caffeine Chocolate
Coffeine in Chocolate
Is Caffeine In Chocolate Cola's Caffeine?Does Chocolate Contain Caffeine?
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Hot Chocolate With Caffeine,Caffeine In Chocolate Covered Espresso Beans
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Caffeine in Chocolate, How Much Caffeine Content in Chocolate Cake
Caffeine in Chocolate Cake
Cocoa beans contain a number of psychoactive substances such as caffine, serotonin, theobromine, tryptophan, tryptamine. These substances can, therefore, influence you. Theobromine and caffeine provide increased alertness. The effect is lower than that of a cup of coffee. Due to the low amount of substances, chocolate is not addictive. Chocolate also contains substances that can improve your mood. However, the concentration of these substances is so low that the effect cannot be measured.
One hundred grams of dark chocolate contains 43 milligrams of caffine. In milk chocolate, it is about 20 milligrams. White chocolate contains no cocoa and therefore no caffine. For comparison, a cup of filter coffee contains almost 70 milligrams of caffeine and an espresso contains 130 milligrams. A glass of cola contains 10 milligrams of caffeine.caffine
How Much Caffeine Chocolate
Bitter chocolate contains an average of around 50 milligrams of caffeine per 100 grams. For comparison: an espresso has 80 milligrams of caffeine.
Cocoa beans are one of the significant sources of caffeine. Also, along with caffeine, cocoa beans contain theobromine, a purine alkaloid whose effects are similar to those of caffeine.
The average caffeine content in chocolate varies depending on the percentage of cocoa powder in it. The more cocoa used to make the chocolate, the more caffeine it contains.
The highest percentage of cocoa is found in dark chocolate (from 60 to 100%), followed by dessert dark chocolate (from 40 to 60%), followed by milk chocolate (25–35%). White chocolate completes this list, in which there is no cocoa powder, and therefore caffeine, in general.
As for the caffeine content, with rough estimates, 100 g of 43% chocolate contains 77 mg of caffeine, and 100% of chocolate contains 198 mg of caffeine [8].
in 1 serving (30 g), depending on the type of chocolate, contains from 10 to 60 mg of caffeine. Moreover, the more expensive the variety of chocolate, the greater the percentage of cocoa in it and the less sugar in it – the more caffeine and health benefits in it!
For chocolate inspiration, see barbara-luijckx.com
How Much Caffiene is in Chocolate
So by comparing caffeine in chocolate with caffeine in espresso, you need to eat 3 portions of dark chocolate (60% cocoa) or 4 servings of high-quality milk chocolate. While you will only need two portions of dark chocolate (100% cocoa), 3 pieces of milk chocolate, or 6 cups of hot cocoa to get the same amount of caffeine found in espresso.
Caffine in Chocolate,
he amount of caffeine contained in 25 g of milk chocolate is about 1/10 compared to the amount of caffeine contained in one cup of regular coffee.
Chocolate cocoa derived from cocoa beans contains theobromine and a small amount of caffeine.
Theobromine and caffeine are said to be methylxanthines, along with theophylline contained in tea. Theobromine is found almost exclusively in cacao in nature and is a bitter component of chocolate and cocoa, and its name comes from the scientific name of cacao, Theobroma (Greek for "food of God").
The amount of caffeine contained in one cup of regular coffee is more than five times that contained in high cocoa chocolate (25 g), which has a high cocoa content.
caffiene in chocolate,
Types and amounts of chocolate
Milk chocolate with a lot of cacao mass 25 g 75 mg 7 mg
High cocoa chocolate (70% cocoa mass) 25 g 229 mg 21 mg
Cocoa powder (23% fat) 5 g 105 mg 7 mg
For reference, caffeine in regular coffee (about 150 ml) drip is about 115 mg, tea (about 150 ml) drip is about 50 mg, and cola drink (about 350 ml) is 46 mg
caffeine and chocolate,
Caffeine enhances and regulates the processes of excitation in the cerebral cortex; in appropriate doses, it enhances positive conditioned reflexes and increases motor activity. The stimulating effect leads to an increase in mental and physical performance, a decrease in fatigue and drowsiness. Large doses can, however, lead to depletion of nerve cells. Caffeine weakens the effect of sleeping pills and drugs, increases the reflex excitability of the spinal cord, and stimulates the respiratory and vasomotor centers. Cardiac activity is enhanced by the influence of caffeine, myocardial contractions become more intense and more frequent.
If synthetic production is not taken into account, then caffeine can be obtained by extracting it from the waste of tea and coffee beans.
In its usual form, caffeine is a white crystalline powder of a bitter taste, odorless. But it is unlikely that you saw him in this form, perhaps, most often he met you as a component of one of the following products.
Caffeine is found in foods such as:
Of course, in all of you known and respected coffee. The caffeine content in coffee varies depending on the dose, the type of coffee, the method of preparation (instant or brewed), etc. etc. The caffeine content in instant coffee is 61-70 mg / h, and in custard – 97-125 mg / h. It is interesting that there is caffeine in the so-called "decaffeinated coffee" (in small quantities, but still it is present there).
You probably also know that caffeine is found in tea. It is in both black and green tea. Moreover, there is more caffeine in green tea than in black, and more in young leaflets than in old ones. The caffeine content in tea is somewhere between 15-75 mg / h.
The next drink that contains caffeine is cocoa. Since the caffeine content in cocoa is insignificant (10-17 mg / h), it does not have such an exciting effect on the human body as, for example, coffee.
Chocolate is also a caffeinated product (approximately 30 mg is contained in one bar of caffeine chocolate). They say that chocolate raises the mood, and this is not strange, since the caffeine contained in this product has a slight stimulating effect on the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
Contains caffeine in plants such as:
Mate is a plant common in Central and South America. Processed and dried leaves and stems are used as herbal tea, widely distributed in South America and gradually gaining popularity around the world. The drink has a bitter taste with a light sweetish aftertaste, has a tonic effect, improves digestion and liver function, also in studies, some scientists note the immunostimulating effect of the drink.
Guarana is a climbing vine, growing wild in the Amazonian part of Brazil and Uruguay. The guarana fruit is the size of a hazelnut nut, from deep yellow to orange in color, which bursts and reveals a single purple-brown or black seed. Traditionally, these seeds have been used to treat headaches, fever, fever, spasms, as stimulants, aphrodisiacs, prevention of bacterial infections, tonic strengthening agents.
Caffeine is also found in Coca-Cola . Of course, the nuances of the proportions of the drink are kept by Coca-Cola in the strictest confidence and constitute a technological secret, but the main components (one of which is caffeine) are not a secret. The caffeine content in the drink is about 14 mg per 100 g.
Caffeine is also present in energy drinks (Burn, Red Bull, …)
Some medicines also contain caffeine (e.g. Citramon, Coficil). In medicine, caffeine is used for infectious and other diseases accompanied by inhibition of the functions of the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system, for poisoning with drugs and other poisons that depress the central nervous system, for spasms of cerebral vessels (for migraines, etc.), to increase mental and physical health, to eliminate drowsiness. Caffeine is also used for enuresis in children.
Caffeine may also be present in beer . For example, Anheuser-Busch, famous for its beer under the Budweiser brand, produces B-to-the-E (BE) beer, which contains extracts of guarana and ginseng. Guarana is also part of Molson's Molson Kick. Caffeine is also found in Sarmat's Drive Max beer.
Interestingly, in addition to drinks and food, caffeine also contains items of clothing . Scientists invented tights with caffeine. Coffee tights appeared on sale. Experts say that this wardrobe item is able to reduce the circumference of the hips, get rid of cellulite, improve skin elasticity and increase its smoothness. The tights fiber is saturated with caffeine microcapsules. Body temperature forces caffeine to act on the skin. Scientists have proven that the active components of caffeine stimulate metabolism, help burn fat and tighten leg tissue.
There is also a series of shampoos with caffeine complex. So, the company Alpecin (Germany) released a series of shampoos containing caffeine, which directly affects the hair roots and directly counteracts the effects of testosterone (testosterone is harmful to the hair, it affects the hair roots and leads to premature loss, that is, to baldness).
chocolate,
is native to Central America, based on cocoa powder as the main ingredient of mixed food. The word "chocolate" comes from the Nahuatl word "xocolatl" which means "bitter water". The main raw material is cacao, which is produced in a narrow strip within 18 degrees north-south latitude of the equator .
Chocolate is rich in iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and theobromine. Due to the addition of sugar, it has a high energy value. Chocolate made from natural ingredients is toxic to many animals other than humans (eg dogs) but non-toxic to humans, and trace amounts of theobromine are healthy anti-sedative ingredients. Therefore, consumption can help improve the spirit and enhance the effects of excitement. Cocoa contains phenylethylamine, widely circulated that makes people love the feeling of rumors.
Made from cocoa beans chocolate processing, the main active ingredient is the high- fat to cocoa butter with a low-fat cocoa mass. Theobromine is mainly found in the cocoa mass. Cocoa butter has six crystalline forms, with different proportions of various crystalline forms, with melting points ranging from about 37 ° C to about 18 ° C.
Chocolate is divided into different products according to the composition, such as dark chocolate, milk chocolate, fruit chocolate, nut chocolate, wine core chocolate, spice chocolate, truffle chocolate and so on.
In many European and American countries, there are many century-old chocolate shops, museums, and chocolate parks, introducing chocolate production, technology, characters, and well-known chocolate brands. There are many chocolate-related holidays, such as Valentine's Day, Christmas, Thanksgiving, Easter, etc.
caffeine in chocolate bar,
Chocolate is a natural partner of coffee
Coffee is the true lover of chocolate, with the same production background, both of which have tannins, scorch, and special bitterness. A cup of black coffee and a slice of chocolate is a very Parisian tasting.
Just as there is refreshment in English-style afternoon tea, how can coffee stand alone! …
When tasting coffee, there are all kinds of snacks as companions; it is really beautiful to have coffee and chocolate in your mouth. Sugar, chocolate, and coffee are natural partners;
Some flavor combinations are mysterious and subtle. The combined tastes released by the two are more exquisite than the single ingredient. Coffee and chocolate are one of them.
Therefore, in many Belgian, Swiss and French cafes and restaurants, espresso is often served with a small piece of chocolate.


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It should have said "How old are you. I am 13 and I don't write that bad. Also you spelled "spelt" wrong.
Besides, he probably just hit h instead of e my accident.
Sorry but I don't speak in serbian. I have a spell check program installed in my web brouser at home that does the red line thing like Word. I just right click on the word and it gives me a selection to chose from. I have bad spelling by nature, I do everything I can to be better.


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Apr 22 2021 10:00PM
'Problem-solving' omnibus environment bill passed by House
Supporters say the omnibus environment and natural resources bill would protect the state's air, water and wildlife. House Photography file photo
On Earth Day, the omnibus environment and natural resources bill was voted for by the House.
Sponsored by Rep. Rick Hansen (DFL-South St. Paul) and Sen. Bill Ingebrigtsen (R-Alexandria), HF1076/SF959* was passed, as amended, 70-63 Thursday and returned to the Senate, where that body's version was passed 37-29 Monday. A conference committee is expected to work out the differences.
DFLers say the bill would protect the state's air, water and wildlife, help mitigate the impacts of climate change and create stable funding for soil and water conservation districts and an aquatic invasive species research center.
Rep. Rick Hansen
Specifically, they praise proposals to address aquatic invasive species, emerald ash borer, soil health, water quality and chronic wasting disease, and the disproportionate impact of pollution on communities of color.
"This is a good bill that deals with a number of long-term problems that have either been ignored or not recognized or not confronted," Hansen said, calling the package a "problem-solving bill."
Republicans praised the funding for aquatic invasive species, state parks and relief for loggers, but said proposed fee increases are unnecessary. Rep. Josh Heintzeman (R-Nisswa) said the bill would not hold the Pollution Control Agency accountable after a recent Office of Legislative Auditor report found the agency should have done more to properly regulate Water Gremlin.
The bill would allocate $1.7 billion to state programs, departments and agencies in the next biennium, including about $960 million to the Department of Natural Resources. About $373.3 million of the spending would come from the General Fund.
It includes the 2020 and 2021 bills to fund projects using the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund and funding for the Minnesota Zoo and the Science Museum of Minnesota, among other agencies.
The bill would:
require 40% of any settlement or litigation case in which the PCA recovers $250,000 or more to be distributed to the community health board in the area where the violating facility is located, to develop a project that addresses residents' health concerns;
require all mixed municipal solid waste disposal facilities to conduct waste reduction and reuse projects that utilize 3% of their annual revenues;
modify how dry-cleaning facility registration fees are calculated, changing from a calculation based on the number of employees to one based on a to-be-determined percentage of gross revenues;
require the PCA to begin rulemaking for a process to issue permits in environmental justice areas no later than Nov. 1, 2021. Applicants would need to conduct an analysis of the cumulative impacts in the area, including an analysis of demographic and socioeconomic conditions that may make residents more vulnerable to incremental exposure to pollutants;
prohibit the manufacture and sale of a food package containing a group of "forever" chemicals called perfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS;
allow cities to prohibit the use of pollinator-lethal insecticides within their borders, with certain exceptions;
allow the DNR to spend $2 for every dollar of private critical habitat donations and $2.50 for every dollar of nongame wildlife management account contributions. Under current law, the DNR may spend $1 for every dollar;
appropriate money from the critical habitat private sector matching account to the DNR and dedicate revenues from critical habitat plates for different purposes depending on the design of the plate;
increase triennial watercraft fees and the watercraft surcharge from $10.60 to $25, except for watercraft owned by certain nonprofits and homestead resorts, where the fee would be $5;
modify the definition of "game fish" to include gar; and
prohibit the DNR from renewing or transferring turtle seller's licenses.
Soil and water conservation district fees
The bill would require any county that contains a soil and water conservation district to impose an additional $25 fee on mortgage and deed recordings and registrations subject to the mortgage registration or deed taxes.
Counties without an SWCD, but that carry out duties of a district, would also be required to impose the fee.
Hansen said the fee is an effort to ensure districts have stable funding when Legacy Amendment funding expires in 2034.
Republicans unsuccessfully proposed amendments to void any rules the PCA might implement requiring lower greenhouse gas emissions in cars.
Rep. Tama Theis (R-St. Cloud) successfully offered an amendment to require Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund grant recipients who work with children to conduct background checks on employees.
Another successfully offered amendment, from Rep. Rob Ecklund (DFL-International Falls), would require cooperation between the Board of Animal Health and DNR on chronic wasting disease inspections.
1/18/2022 January 18, 2022
Environment committee updated on metro landfills, fund replenishment
Omnibus environment bill clears House, heads to the governor
Omnibus environment bill gets committee review before expected House vote
At long last, Legacy: House passes first bill of special session
Legacy agreement reached and ready for the special session
Money matches up in House, Senate Legacy bills — but not where to spend it
Path to compromise on omnibus environment bill as conference committee kicks off
4/15/2021 April 15, 2021
House passes omnibus legacy bill
Environmental standards in recreational marijuana bill highlighted in committee hearing


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Sat , January 28, 2023
Home / Cannabis News / 3 Arizona Dispensaries Are Hosting a "12 Days of Giving" Campaign
3 Arizona Dispensaries Are Hosting a "12 Days of Giving" Campaign
Dan Kingston December 8, 2022 Cannabis News
Ayr Wellness Inc., which operates the three Oasis Cannabis dispensaries in Arizona, has announced the beginning of its second annual "12 Days of Giving" campaign which will run through December 16th, 2022, and proceeds will benefit those negatively impacted by cannabis prohibition.
Ayr-owned retail locations will be donating $1.12 per transaction to Ayr's two partner organizations: Freedom Grow and the Minorities for Medical Marijuana Project Clean Slate initiative. The Company is targeting a goal of $100,000 in donations, which will support the families of cannabis prisoners during the holiday season and help fund ongoing support for advocacy and expungement of non-violent cannabis offenses.
"Ayr's '12 Days of Giving' initiative aims to reinforce our commitment to being a Force for Good by activating twelve days of charitable giving across our retail footprint," said David Goubert, President of Ayr. "This marks Ayr's second year of the program, which is poised to directly benefit the families of those who have been incarcerated for cannabis offenses. We hope that this initiative will inspire an ecosystem of giving for our customers and employees, ultimately benefitting those negatively impacted by the War on Drugs, a core focus of our Changing Legacies pillar."
"Our partnership with Freedom Grow allows us to help brighten up the holiday season for those who are often overlooked in discussions about the harmful effects of prohibition – the families and children of offenders, many of whom have to scramble to make ends meet while their loved one is away," said Khari Edwards, Head of Corporate Social Responsibility at Ayr. "Combining this with our support of Minorities for Medical Marijuana's Project Clean Slate, which provides expungement and wrap-around services across the country, allows us to take a more holistic approach to advocacy this holiday season."
Customers can participate in the campaign through December 16th either in-store or online. To learn more about or donate to Ayr's 12 Days of Giving Campaign, visit ayrwellness.com/12-days.