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28th President of the United States, from 1913 to 1921
President Woodrow Wilson was a early progressive who many called the "Father of the Progressive Movement" and who actively rejected what the founding fathers said and intended. He argued that the meaning of the Constitution should be interpreted by judges, and not based on its words and in his book, "Constitutional Government in the United States", Wilson wrote:
"We can say without the least disparagement or even criticism of the Supreme Court of the United States that at its hands the Constitution has received an adaptation and an elaboration which would fill its framers of the simple days of 1787 with nothing less than amazement. The explicitly granted powers of the Constitution are what they always were; but the powers drawn from it by implication have grown and multiplied beyond all expectation, and each generation of statesmen looks to the Supreme Court to supply the interpretation which will serve the needs of the day."
During the period known as the Progressive Era (1890s to about 1920) the U.S. government became increasingly activist in both domestic and foreign policy. Progressive, that is, reform-minded, political leaders sought to extend their vision of a just and rational order to all areas of society and some, indeed, to all reaches of the globe.
Woodrow Wilson, in His 1912 "New Freedom" Speeches
Defined progressivism as the belief that the laws need to keep up with changes in economic circumstances; the progressive wants to adjust laws to "the facts of the case," because the law is ultimately an expression of the facts in legal relationships. The progressive believes in changing legal and political structures, but not merely for the sake of variety; he only supports changes that he considers "improvements"; he views the future, not the past, as the more glorious time toward which the present ought to aspire.
Wilson applauds the "modern idea" of leaving the past and pressing on to something new-albeit very carefully so as to avoid the dangers which often accompany reform. Wilson's progressivism challenged the very construction of the Constitution itself. Wilson considered the Constitution to be based on the old Newtonian scientific paradigm-whereby the Framers are alleged to have seen the government as "mechanical" and subjecting it to pre-planned checks and balances. But Wilson wished to base government on the principles of Darwin rather than those of Newton; he saw government as a "living thing" and believed that "no living thing can have its organs offset against each other as checks and live."
Wilson wanted to Replace the System of Checks and Balances
With a System of Cooperation among the branches of government. 1911, The Socialist Party of Great Britain publishes a pamphlet entitled "Socialism and Religion" in which they clearly state their position on Christianity: "It is therefore a profound truth that Socialism is the natural enemy of religion. A Christian Socialist is in fact an anti-Socialist. Christianity is the antithesis of Socialism." 1912, Colonel Edward Mandell House, a close adviser of President Woodrow Wilson, publishes "Phillip Dru: Administrator", in which he promotes "socialism as dreamed up by Karl Marx." Feb. 3, 1913, The 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, making it possible for the Federal Government to impose a progressive income tax, is ratified. Plank #2 of "The Communist Manifesto" had called for a progressive income tax.
In Canada, the income tax is introduced in 1917, as a "temporary measure" to finance the war effort.) 1913, President Woodrow Wilson publishes "The New Freedom" in which he reveals: "Since I entered politics, I have chiefly had men's views confided to me privately. Some of the biggest men in the U.S., in the field of commerce and manufacturing, are afraid of somebody, are afraid of something. They know that there is a power somewhere so organized, so subtle, so watchful, so interlocked, so complete, so pervasive, that they had better not speak above their breath when they speak in condemnation of it." Dec. 23, 1913 – The Federal Reserve (neither federal nor a reserve, it's a privately owned institution) is created.
It was Planned at a Secret Meeting in 1910 on Jekyl Island, Georgia
By a group of bankers and politicians, including Col. House. This transfers the power to create money from the American Government to a private group of bankers. The Federal Reserve Act is hastily passed just before the Christmas break. Congressman Charles A. Lindbergh Sr. (father of the famed aviator) warns: "This act establishes the most gigantic trust on earth. When the President signs this act the invisible government by the money power, proven to exist by the Money Trust Investigation, will be legalized."1916, Three years after signing the Federal Reserve Act into law, President Woodrow Wilson observes: "I am a most unhappy man. I have unwittingly ruined my country.
A great industrial nation is controlled by its system of credit. Our system of credit is concentrated. The growth of the nation, therefore, and all our activities are in the hands of a few men. We have come to be one of the worst ruled, one of the most completely controlled and dominated governments in the civilized world. No longer a government by free opinion, no longer a government by conviction and the vote of the majority, but a government by the opinion and duress of a small group of dominant men."Furthermore, Wilson challenged the relevance of the Declaration of Independence to the questions of his day; he claimed that the Declaration "is of no consequence to us unless we can translate its general terms into examples of the present day"; that is, for Wilson, the Declaration has no meaning unless it can be reinterpreted in a way that evolves with the concrete circumstances of the times.
This Reinterpretation Led Wilson to Redefine the Word "Tyranny"
To mean "control of the law, of legislation and adjudication, by organizations which do not represent the people, by means which are private and selfish." Instead of opposing the tyranny of intrusive government, Wilson wishes to redirect the Declaration against the "tyranny" of corporations. In "Socialism and Democracy" (1887), Woodrow Wilson claims that there is no essential difference in principle between socialism and democracy. Sadly many citizens of the United States of America still don't realize that Progressivism, Socialism and Democracy are truly one in the same.
references: American Thinker Associated Content
FEMA and the Department of Homeland Security was a product of a Presidential Executive Order, Executive Orders become law simply by its publication in the Federal Registry. Congress is bypassed.
Executive Orders associated with Homeland Security can suspend the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Some have been on record for many years but can be enacted by the stroke of a presidential pen.
There's a prophecy that foretells a time when every person will be required to have a mark or a number, without it participation in the economy will be impossible. This prophecy is coming to pass before our very eyes.
The Christian community has done a excellent job of getting the word out about RFID in a implant and people have rejected it, I mean who would want to implant a credit card/tracking device under their skin right?
Quote: In politics, nothing happens by accident. If it happens, you can bet it was planned that way. Some called him 'Red Roosevelt' comparing to communist Russia saying that the government was taking over.
Is Weishaupt's Illuminati still around? The seed of Illuminatism has surfaced in many forms today. On a Global level the entire New Age/Secret Society system is rooted in this one common foundation, Lucifer.
Is the United Nations a World Government if so is it ready to assume its roll of Global Governance for which it was envisioned? We are in the middle of a Global Revolution right now, Global Government on Steroids.
Albert Pike clearly declared that Freemasons are Hoodwinked to the highest degree and led astray in Morals and Dogma, now lets compare the Hoodwink Masonic terminology to modern dictionary definitions.
Although the origins of Freemasonry predate the Age of Enlightenment both believe that Truth is to be found in science and reason and that nothing is quite as it seems, one must dig deeper to be enlightened.
Joseph Smith had well-documented connections with Masonry that requires repeated emphasis, his interpretation of Masonry was based on the Kabbalah's influence on the occult traditions.
Who are the faces behind the Federal Reserve? You won't find the answer in the Media. They've been shrouded in secrecy for the last 100 years, hidden behind the veil of the controlling hands of a few dominant men.
Is gold a part of the Federal Reserves fleecing of America? Only those controlling the Federal Reserve can answer that question and they're not talking, I believe they are still Fleecing, how about you?
With Patience accomplish the Aeon of Horus, NASA's "Melior Diabolus Quem Scies" roughly translates to mean "The Devil You Know," as in the phrase "Better the devil you know than the devil you don't know".
Want to go up against Lucifer and his Empire to take away his military and restore America to a earlier time? Good luck with that, Alex Jones will be behind you shaking his fist and engaging his megaphone.
A news headline from June 22, 2004: Alan Greenspan was sworn in to his fifth term as chairman of the Federal Reserve at the Colorado home of Gerald Ford, Dick Cheney administered the oath in a private ceremony.
Freemasonry & Rosicrucianism are deeply embedded into the secret mysteries of the Occult, fusing Christianity with the ancient mystery religions of Egypt, both serve the common foundation of Lucifer.


A catalogue of books, mostly second hand, in various languages and classes of literature, (among which will be found many scarce and curious articles, and also some excellent medical books) chiefly in good condition, which are now selling at extremely low prices, by John Bryant, 17, Wardour Street, seventeen doors from Oxford Street.
You are here: CollectionsOnline / A catalogue of books, mostly second hand, in various languages and classes of literature, (among which will be found many scarce and curious articles, and also some excellent medical books) chiefly in good condition, which are now selling at extremely low prices, by John Bryant, 17, Wardour Street, seventeen doors from Oxford Street.
[London]: printed by J. Davy, Queen Street, Seven Dials, .
Drop-head title. At head: 'No. 3. London, March, 1826'. Two columns.


Home security is an ever-growing concern as the amount of home break-ins across the country is on the rise. Last year, more than two million burglaries occurred, with an average loss of $2,000 per home (and that's not to mention the possibility of personal harm). Wireless security cameras provide a low cost, yet effective, way for both homes and businesses to tighten security and keep intruders at bay. Better yet, they work in areas where normal wired security cameras are not feasible.
The five cameras discussed below are the top five wireless security cameras for 2014. If you want to beef up your home security without breaking the bank, then any one of these five cameras is a good bet.
The Dropcam HD Wireless Monitoring Camera comes out kicking with a live feed sent straight to your monitor, computer, or smartphone. DVR is included so you can store the video you record to view later. Additional features include a microphone and speakers mounted on the camera so you can communicate with others, a remote zoom for close-up views, and infrared technology for nighttime monitoring. The biggest benefits of the Dropcam HD Wireless Camera are its ease of installation, high image quality, and cloud connectivity so that your saved videos/images don't take up too much memory on your devices. It can be used both indoors and outdoors.
High-quality, high-definition video and images are what the ZMODO 720P HD Wi-Fi Wireless Network IP Camera is all about. It provides live feeds to a monitor or a computer. Video can also be sent to most smartphones. Email and text alerts are sent to users to let them know of unwanted activity at their homes or businesses. A neat feature of this camera is its motion sensor. The camera can be set up to automatically start recording footage when the motion sensor is triggered.
Users of the Samsung Smartcam SNH-1011 Camera are able to view both sound and audio feeds quickly and efficiently on their computers or smartphones. Samsung also gives these users access to a secure, private YouTube account for recording footage without using up precious device memory. Infrared viewing, motion sensors, and built-in microphone/speakers make this camera a top choice for many. The Samsung Smartcam is considered one of the easiest wireless security cameras to learn how to use.
The D-Link Cloud Camera 1050 is all about the cloud. It provides wireless transmission of video to cloud storage. The camera is incredibly easy to install, offers a nearly foolproof IP connection, and does not use as much bandwidth as other security cameras on the market. The D-Link Cloud Camera makes use of both sound and motion sensors.
Find out more about the D-Link Cloud Camera 1050.
Easy installation, both indoors and out, and a flex stand are the name of the game when it comes to the Lorex LW2110 Camera. This wireless security camera provides hassle-free surveillance with both live feeds and a DVR to save footage. The camera is waterproof and has infrared technology. It is praised for the high quality of its night vision footage.
Security Alarm Monitoring Service: Should You Get One?


Search Engine Optimization or SEO in short is vital today for online businesses to garner more visitors to their websites and grow. It has become necessary for owners of online businesses to understand the real meaning of SEO and how it can help them to get more customers online.
The importance of SEO can be understood from the fact that almost every online business is using the services of a SEO company to increase the number of quality visits to their website hence achieving more sales and establishing themselves as a reliable brand for their customers.
Search Engine Optimization can be hailed as a collection of different rules or framework following which website owners can make the best possible use for their websites to show in the searches made by a search engine thereby improving their search engine rankings.
Search Engine Optimization can also be defined as a method to improve the online visibility of a website or a web page in the results of a web search engine. A general rule is that more near the top and more number of times a website appears in a search engine results; it will achieve more virtual footfall in terms of high quality visits from the users of that particular search engine; which later on can be converted to loyal customers.
Benefits of SEO – Why is SEO Important?
A big chunk of search engines users go for the top results while searching for something of their interest on it. So the more number of times a website appears on the top the more likely it is to gain visitors and a consistent amount of good traffic.
SEO is not just for increasing the number of visits but it also makes a website user-friendly and fast thus improving the quality of the website thereby enhancing user experience.
By employing just a bit of effort and investment a website starts getting good amount of traffic on a regular basis with SEO. So it definitely decreases the cost of advertising to a major extent. SEO delivers results quite quickly and using tracking tools one can easily check the number of visits to a website.
When a website comes often in the top results of a search employed by a search engine user; the user starts keeping his/her faith in the particular website and it becomes a brand name in due course of time. This gives a website much-needed credibility and online presence which no amount of advertisement can offer.
Unlike advertisements, with just a little maintenance; the great results and the top listing in search engine rankings; achieved by SEO remain permanent.
It is also important to understand that SEO virtually reduces to nothing if the particular website doesn't employ good content. So before SEO; great content lays the foundation stone for the success of an online business or blog. SEO; afterwards gives the much needed power boost to the website.
Hence it can be concluded that good content along with good approach towards Search Engine Optimization or SEO is must and it can go a long way in enhancing number of visitors for online businesses and blogs.


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Rosemont, IL - One Killed and One Injured in Shooting at Fashion Outlets of Chicago
By: Darla Medina
One Injured, One Killed in Shooting at Outlet Mall
NBC Chicago has reported that a shooting incident occurred inside the Fashion Outlets of Chicago located at 5220 Fashion Outlets Way, Rosemont, IL 60018.
Just after 7 p.m. on Friday, March 25, 2022, two victims were shot inside the outlet. The victims, a 20-year-old man and a 15-year-old girl, were taken to the hospital in critical condition. The man later died from his injuries. Police believe that a third person may have been shot but fled the scene before they arrived. They are still investigating to determine what caused the shooting.
Hi. I am attorney Brian Kent. If you or a loved one were injured or killed in a similar incident, I would be happy to speak with you and discuss your options.
Call the number below. It would be my honor to help you. Consultations are free.
Can I Sue If I Was Shot Inside a Mall?
Attorney contributor Brian Kent is an experienced gun violence crime attorney who guides victims and their families in legal lawsuits. During a recent discussion, Brian gave some valuable information concerning victims shot inside a mall, including when a mall can be held liable.
"Mall owners have a legal obligation to ensure a reasonable level of protection for those who visit their premises. They should establish a secure safety strategy to reduce the risk of preventable crime, such as shootings. Surveillance cameras, well-lit parking lots, and patrolling security officers are just a few ways mall owners can reduce these dangers. When a mall owner neglects to provide adequate security, a court may hold the owner liable."
"It is necessary to prove the mall owner was negligent. To do so, a victim may need the help of an experienced violent crime attorney. An owner could be liable for damages if the crime was reasonably foreseeable. If there was a history of violent crimes in the area or on the mall property, but the mall owner had failed to increase security, the incident could be considered foreseeable. In many cases of negligent security, the victim and their family may be entitled to compensation."
NBC Chicago
About Darla Medina
Editor: Darla is a content writer with a focus on the legal field. She covers cases of sexual abuse, drunk driving, and preventable violent crime for the Legal Herald. Contact Darla: [email protected] This article was fact checked prior to publishing by this author to ensure compliance with our rigorous editorial standards. We will only use authoritative sources. Our values compel us to provide only trustworthy information. If you find an error, please contact us.
Shooting or Stabbing Victim - Lawyer Commentary

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Weekly update - after spending a few days at Welford junction we returned on 31/10 to Yelvertoft marina. We are now booked in here for the winter although we will be taking regular excursions out. Friday was an admin and shopping day, so we rejoined civilisation in Daventry for a few hours. Saturday dawned and the preparations for the Halloween party were well under way. We only had a couple of hours to source suitable attire. I was most disappointed that Asda had sold out of their inflatable wings, still always next year. The evening was well attended and we had a great time, even winning a raffle prize. It was also good to make some new acquaintances who will be our neighbours for the next few months.
Sunday was a day of rest, but only after helping to clear up the previous nights entertainment. We departed the marina on Tuesday in bright sunshine and headed north, a total distance of one mile. This was to be our mooring for the next few days. It has most things we need, quite, secluded, line of sight to the sky satellite, plenty of walks and close enough to the village if we really need it.
Just few picitures of our garden in the sunshine. Today I received an email from the Little Chimney Company telling us that our new chimney is ready. This was good news as I was expecting it to take seven weeks to be ready. It is made from stainless steel so will not rust, and should therefore reduce the amount of rust and tar leaking onto our roof. This will require a trip back to Tamworth to collect it. We have planned to do this on Friday when we return to the marina for the weekend. The trip took us about 3 weeks in the boat, but will take about 30 minutes by car. Oscar is also in for a surprise as we have booked him into a vet we used up there for his one year booster vaccination. That's all for now.


The members of DiveBuddy.com have entered over 250 dive sites in the Cayman Islands alone. We are approaching 2000 dive sites world wide in our open source scuba dive site database. Most major U.S. dive sites are included already and more are added everyday.
The dive site section on DiveBuddy.com is becoming the preferred location for scuba divers to obtain important information regarding dive sites. You can view comments and photos posted by other members along with the gps coordinates and dive site conditions. DiveBuddy.com members may also quickly send a message to nearby divers if they are planning a trip to a particular dive site.
A dive map can also be maintained by each individual member showing the dive sites that you've been to on an integrated Google map.


It certainly requires extra work and effort, to produce a 100 to 150 page petition, versus a few dozen pages that most un-motivated preparers are willing to submit, but the benefit is PRICELESS as it results in of taking the pressure off of your fiancee, and improves chances of SUCCESS. Bring Your Fiancee Over Sooner...I've Been Helping International Couples Unite for Over 35 Years!
You want to bring your fiance to the US as quickly as possible, without anxiety, and for a reasonable cost, right? Then we're on the same page.
Fiancee Visa Services sole focus is helping couples navigate the complicated US fiancee visa requirements with ease so they can obtain their K1 fiancee or CR1 Marriage Visa and be united permanently.
"Hello, Fred: Sammi's K1 visa was approved on Tuesday morning in Guangzhou. Thank you very much for your excellent preparation of the petition and for the training to allow us to prepare the additional evidence and all documents for the interview phase. I will be looking to you for further information and help for the next phases at the appropriate time."
More and more of my service's clients today come to me after being denied their fiance visas because they hired the wrong person to help them the first time around. Mistakes made by not knowing how the system works can cost you an extra year or more of separation from your fiancee.
My experienced help is the BEST INSURANCE you can get to avoid heartache and loneliness. I am a bonded Immigration Consultant and have been vetted by the FBI & Department of Justice.
"Hi, Fred. It's Crystal, Christopher's fiance. I just wanted to drop by quick and let you know that I am now here in the US with the love of my life. We are very grateful for your help and patience in working with our visa application."
You must be able to 'prove' that you have a real, genuine, 'bone fide' relationship. You do this with a combination of correspondences, photos, letters, plane tickets, etc.
You should make sure that you build a solid 'paper trail' of the communications of your relationship. This means itemized telephone records, emails, instant messages, voip calls, snail mail, mailing receipts, etc. If you use prepaid cards make sure yours gives you an itemized call list, or switch to the Prepaid Card that Provides Intemized Call logs that I personally use and recommend.
When traveling to visit your fiancee, take plenty of photos, vary the shots, locations, wardrobes. Meet her family, and friends. Document with photos. Turn date stamping on. See my youtube video on Choosing which photos to Submit with Fiance Visa Petition.
Once you marry, she applies for her Green Card after Fiance Visa and remains with you.


Mazoo a mythological science-art spaceship laboratory travelling the galaxy (in this case the internet) on its journey, sharing knowledge of the wonderful Orchid plant species.
Dr Eleanor Gates-Stuart (Professor Techno Arts) and the Orchid Team: Kai-Hsing Hung (Jimmy), Hsiang-Hsi Lu, Hsing-Cheng Chen (Rider), Jiun-Kai Huang, Yin-Shou Chen (Jessica), Wei-yu Lu, Xin-Hung Lin (Ace) collaborated with ORDC and Professor Hong-Hwa (Director ORDC) in communicating the research of Orchids.
Click on the pages below to read more about the project. Please note: Images must not be reproduced as the copyright belongs to the individual artists.


Ulster Hockey is aware that there can be serious sequelae for players suffering from a Sports Related Concussion [SRC]. This is not limited to the immediate consequences of acute head injury. The long term effects of head injury and concussion are well recognised and can be minimised with appropriate immediate and longer term care. Most of the hockey played in Ulster, indeed throughout the world, takes place without formal pitch side medical or first aid cover and it is hoped that these guidelines will help both players and those in charge of players.It should be rare and exceptional circumstances that a player with concussion or suspected concussion is not medically assessed.
Concussion – Do you KNOW THE SCORE?
ConcussionNI.net helps those involved in local sport to KNOW THE SCORE about sport related concussion.
It incorporates the latest medical advice, guiding athletes, coaches, parents and volunteers through the Recognition, Management and ultimately successful Return to sport following a player receiving a concussion.
Sport should be enjoyed by everyone – it enhances our physical health, our mental wellbeing and our communities. This website has been created to help ensure that, where a possible concussion occurs, it can be identified and managed properly, to allow participants to continue to enjoy and develop in their sporting goals.
ConcussionNI.net has been developed by Sport Northern Ireland and the Sports Institute in conjunction with the Department for Communities and in partnership with key stakeholders.
•Early recognition of concussions and proper management leads to much better outcomes.
•If you think you may have suffered a concussion it is VITAL you don't return to play that day and seek advice from a health care professional.
Each concussion is different and symptoms may be obvious immediately or delayed for minutes, hours or even a couple of days before they become apparent.
Why is it important to report your symptoms?
While recovering from this injury, your brain needs rest. Continuing to exercise delays recovery and means you will feel unwell for a longer period of time.
During the recovery period, you are at a much higher risk of having another concussion and this places you at risk of longer term problems.
In rare cases, in young athletes, a 2nd concussion before the brain has had time to recover from the initial injury can cause catastrophic swelling of the brain and even death.
So you think you may be concussed – what next?
Don't hide the injury – report It! Tell someone about it – e.g. your coach or team mates or parents. Don't let anyone pressure you into continuing to exercise.
Get the injury checked out. Go and see the most appropriate healthcare professional – the sooner the better.
Look after your brain – your brain needs rest! This means not only rest from physical exertion but also from tasks that involve concentration like schoolwork, computer work or reading. It is vital that you rest until you feel normal again. When you feel normal you can begin the graduated return to play protocol.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On April 13 and 14, Taipei Zoo and Kinmen County Government will collaborate on the 2019 Wudao (Kinmen) City God Cultural Tourism Festival and Otter Conservation Event.
During this period, a small-scale pilgrimage procession from Kinmen, the "centipede procession" the "husband-carrying-wife dance," and other traditional folk performances will be specially arranged to take place at the Zoo's entrance plaza. To partner with Kinmen's promotion of otter conservation, animal mascots will also be at the plaza to greet everyone. Please don't miss this great opportunity to experience it all!
The Taipei Zoo has been working with Kinmen on conservation projects over the past few years. Several years ago, the Zoo joined the wild animal rescue and rehabilitation initiative led by the Forestry Bureau and was responsible for looking after Da Qin (大金), Xiao Qin (小金), and Qin Sha (金莎) – three otter pups from Kinmen. They have brought pleasant memories for many visitors to the Zoo over the years and are all now adults. Xiao Qin and Qin Sha have successfully reproduced twice for a total of 3 otter pups, which has encouraged everyone to pursue subsequent otter conservation work. Kinmen's Eurasian otter conservation has gradually become one of the key topics that Taipei Zoo actively publicizes. Taipei Zoo has made visits to Kinmen many times to work with the county government to co-host discussion forums and educational activities, with the hope that more and more local people will come to understand the rarity of Kinmen's otters and the imminent survival threats they are facing.
Wudao City God Cultural Tourism Festival is Kinmen's grandest annual religious festivity, which displays distinctive customs and traditional culture with the county's local "zhen-tou" activities and events. The festival, which attracts crowds of visitors every year, has long been Kinmen's cultural feast loved by the locals and the tourists alike. The 2019 Wudao City God Cultural Tourism Festival and Otter Conservation Event seeks to integrate folk culture and ecological conservation, so that people attending the religious festivals will also learn to be aware of the survival crisis that Kinmen's otters are facing, which will thereby deepen the meaning of the festival's traditional cultural events.
Otter conservation and Kinmen City God culture are two topics that appear to be drastically different, but won't you be interested to see what magic they will ignite when brought together? On April 13 and 14 (Saturday and Sunday), there will be a morning and an afternoon show time (a total of 4 sessions), where there will be a small-scale pilgrimage procession, as well as the "centipede procession," the "husband-carrying-wife dance," and other traditional folk performances from Kinmen, taking place at Taipei Zoo's entrance plaza. Animal mascots will also be at the events to accompany everyone taking part in Kinmen's most authentic folk festival. We welcome people of all ages to come and enjoy it all!


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@end


text:
5 Films with Roulette
Casinos feature many table games and online casinos feature numerous online casino games. Regardless of whether you're playing on-site or online, the game that always characterizes the casino is roulette.
The image of gamers standing around a roulette table, waiting for the ball to drop, is one that is thought of when thinking about a casino. Even today, with roulette played online as well as at Vegas casinos, the image of a roulette table continues to define how we think about casino gambling.
Imagery of roulette gambling is often used in film-making to depict a casino atmosphere. Some of the best-known movies that put roulette front and center include:
Bill Denny (George Segal) and Charlie Waters (Elliott Gould) love gambling and they set out to find a big score. At the outset, Bill, a magazine writer is not an obsessive gambler but once he hooks up with Charlie, a wisecracking joker and experienced gambler, he starts to get hooked. After the two are wrongfully accused of cheating they start spending more time together.
Bill starts to become addicted and goes into debt to a bookie, eventually hocking his possessions to fund a trip to Reno. Charlie adds his money to Bill's to stake Bill and Bill wins $18,000. Bill convinces himself that he's on a hot streak and wins more and more money playing roulette, blackjack and finally craps.
It's the craps that brings Bill to his senses and after splitting his winnings with Charlie, he goes home, leaving Charlie to continue his adventures at the casino.
Roulette always plays a prominent place in James Bond movies but nowhere more so than in the Diamonds are Forever movie in which agent James Bond pursues Ernest Stavro Biofeld, an evil mastermind who creates Biofeld look-alikes who are sent out to do his nefarious deeds.
Bond is then sent out to find a smuggling ring that is stockpiling and then dumping diamonds in order to depress prices. Bond poses as a professional assassin and smuggler and travels to Amsterdam, picks up Tiffany Case and then travels to Los Vegas with hidden diamonds.
Bond then goes to a casino-hotel owned by reclusive billionaire Willard Whyte where he instructs Tiffany Case on how to retrieve the diamonds at a second casino. Tiffany rescues the diamonds but Bond is captured and left to die. When he escapes he raids Biofeld's lab where he uncovers Biofeld's plot send a laser satellite into orbit with the goal of destroying the nuclear weapons of the major powers in order to achieve global nuclear supremacy.
Bond identifies Biofeld's base of operations off the coast of Baja, California, Biofeld tries to flee in a submarine but Bond stops him.
Indecent Proposal
David Murphy and Diana Murphy are a young, happily-married couple who have started their respective careers, he as an architect and she as a real estate broker. Diana finds the perfect spot to build David's dream house but they must take out loans to finance it.
When the recession hits they can't keep up with the loan payments and they stand to lose everything they own. They decide to go to Las Vegas to have one shot at winning the money that they need with their last five thousand dollars. Their luck is bad but after they lose their money they are approached by John Gage, a billionaire and high-stakes gambler. Gage offers them a million dollars if he can have a night with Diana.
Diana and David reluctantly agree to get out of their financial dilemma but the test comes after the night – can their love survive the test?
Even movie-goers who have never seen any of the Golden Oldies of the '40s have probably at least heard of Casablanca, the epic story of war, patriotism, love and honor.
The storyline revolves around Rick Blaine, a cynical world-weary ex-patriate who lives in Casablanca where he runs a nightclub. During the early stages of WWII Morocco was under Nazi control but Rick manages to avoid politics in his nightclub and while the Germans aren't happy with his lack of cooperation, they allow Rick the freedom to run the venue as he sees fit.
Among the visitors to the nightclub are refugees who are seeking to obtain illicit letters that will help them make their way to Lisbon and from there, to America. Two of those refugees are Ilsa and her husband. Ilsa was a former lover of Rick and Rick must put his personal feelings aside to make sure that Ilsa and her husband make the necessary move.
Lawrence Jamieson is a wealthy ex-Brit who lives in Beaumont-sur-Mer on the French Riviera. Jamieson earns most of his money by conning wealthy women. Police Inspector Andre, a corrupt police officer, helps Jamieson by providing him with intelligence. Jamieson's butler Arthur also gives assistance as Jamieson pulls his scams.
Jamieson is quietly pulling his cons, including pretending to be a ruler of a foreign country who needs money to free his people, when brash American Freddy Benson arrives in Beaumont-sur-Mer to turn the tables upside down.
Freddy Benson is also a con man and he has the same targets so Jamieson and Benson find themselves competing to see which of them will have more luck in bleeding the lovely ladies dry. Jamieson tries to get rid of Freddy but his efforts to do so are unsuccessful and in the meantime, Freddy plans to blackmail Jamieson to go to work for him.
Combination Bets vs Single Bets in Roulette
Is it a Smart Strategy to Play the Double Feature in Video Poker?
Online Casino Games Tips: When to Surrender in Blackjack
Why a Pair is a Powerful Hand in Video Poker
What's the Difference Between Loose Deuces, Deuces Wild and Bonus Deuces Wild?
Does the D'Alembert Betting System Work in the Context of Video Poker?
Starlink vs Project Kuiper - Vanity Projects or Super-Quick Internet Access for All?
How Tech is Tightening the Cybersecurity Screws
Can You Cheat Playing Online Casino Games? 5 Reasons Why You Won't Get Away with It


A construction worker is shown atop a roof at sunrise to beat daytime high temperatures in this 2013 photo. An excessive heat warning has been issued for Tuesday in Southern California and Arizona.
Temperatures above 110 degrees are expected this week for desert communities east of San Diego.
An excessive heat warning has been issued for parts of Riverside and Imperial counties according to the National Weather Service.
Areas like Calexico, El Centro, Glamis, Imperial and the Salton Sea are under the warning issued for 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. Tuesday.
The risk of heat-related illness is greater for those working outdoors, camping, hiking or living without air conditioning.
Symptoms include a headache, muscle cramps and nausea.
Residents should drink more water than usual, wear light-colored clothing and take frequent rest breaks in the shade or air conditioning.
NWS officials advise residents to never leave children or pets in unattended cars under these conditions.


Find taleggio in larger supermarkets, Italian delis or online. If you can't find it for this recipe, use mozzarella.
Put the orange juice and honey in a large frying pan and bubble until reduced to a sticky glaze. Add the chicory and cook for 2 mins, turning once in the glaze until it just starts to soften, then leave in the pan to cool. Once cooled, cut each piece of chicory in half again. Heat the oven to 200C/180C fan/gas 6 and boil the kettle. Line a large baking sheet with parchment and oil it lightly.
Crumble the stock cube into a large pan and add 1 litre hot water from the kettle. Bring the water back to the boil, then quickly pour in the polenta and cook for 5 mins, whisking the whole time. It will be really thick once cooked. Tip the polenta onto the baking sheet and spread out to make the tart base – it should be about 2-3cm thick.
Top with the cheese, arrange the chicory pieces on top in a fan, then crumble small chunks of sausage around them, discarding the skins. Add the olives, chilli, orange zest, a good drizzle of olive oil and some seasoning. Bake for 20 mins, then turn the grill on for a final few mins until the sausages are browned and the polenta is starting to crisp. Leave to stand for a few mins, then serve warm.


text:
Лина, или Лина Ла Бьянка (, род. 5 января 1963 г., , США) — сценическое имя бывшей американской порноактрисы. Лауреатка премий AVN Awards, XRCO Award и ряда других.

Ранняя жизнь
Выросла в Денвере, штат Колорадо. Первоначально снималась в любительской порнографии. Затем переехала в Калифорнию и полностью посвятила себя съемкам в фильмах для взрослых. Профессиональный дебют — фильм с одноимённым названием Leena (1992 г.).

Карьера
Появилась в телесериале Шерман Оукса Showtime (1995 г.) и софткор-фильмах категории B, таких как Other Men's Wives (1996) и Femalien (1996). Также выступала в театре — в пьесе Sweet Hostage в 1996 г., в пьесах The Actors' Gang play, Steeltown в 1998 г
.

Награды
 1994 AVN Award — Лучшая актриса, видео (Blinded by Love)
 1994 XRCO Award — Лучшая актриса, сольное исполнение (Blinded by Love)
 1995 AVN Award — Лучшая групповая секс-сцена, видео (Pussyman 5)
 1995 XRCO Award — Исполнительница года
 1995 FOXE Award — Выбор фанатов
 2009 — Включена в зал славы XRCO

Примечания

Ссылки

 Профиль на сайте AVN

Порноактрисы США
Порноактёры и порноактрисы, известные под псевдонимами
Члены Зала славы XRCO

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Urho.Urho2D;
using Urho.Gui;
using Urho.Resources;
using Urho.IO;
using Urho.Navigation;
using Urho.Network;

namespace Urho
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Hardware vertex buffer.
	/// </summary>
	public unsafe partial class VertexBuffer : UrhoObject
	{
		unsafe partial void OnVertexBufferCreated ();

		[Preserve]
		public VertexBuffer (IntPtr handle) : base (handle)
		{
			OnVertexBufferCreated ();
		}

		[Preserve]
		protected VertexBuffer (UrhoObjectFlag emptyFlag) : base (emptyFlag)
		{
			OnVertexBufferCreated ();
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern int VertexBuffer_GetType (IntPtr handle);

		private StringHash UrhoGetType ()
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return new StringHash (VertexBuffer_GetType (handle));
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern IntPtr VertexBuffer_GetTypeName (IntPtr handle);

		private string GetTypeName ()
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi (VertexBuffer_GetTypeName (handle));
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern int VertexBuffer_GetTypeStatic ();

		private static StringHash GetTypeStatic ()
		{
			Runtime.Validate (typeof(VertexBuffer));
			return new StringHash (VertexBuffer_GetTypeStatic ());
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern IntPtr VertexBuffer_GetTypeNameStatic ();

		private static string GetTypeNameStatic ()
		{
			Runtime.Validate (typeof(VertexBuffer));
			return Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi (VertexBuffer_GetTypeNameStatic ());
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern IntPtr VertexBuffer_VertexBuffer (IntPtr context, bool forceHeadless);

		[Preserve]
		public VertexBuffer (Context context, bool forceHeadless) : base (UrhoObjectFlag.Empty)
		{
			Runtime.Validate (typeof(VertexBuffer));
			handle = VertexBuffer_VertexBuffer ((object)context == null ? IntPtr.Zero : context.Handle, forceHeadless);
			Runtime.RegisterObject (this);
			OnVertexBufferCreated ();
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern void VertexBuffer_OnDeviceLost (IntPtr handle);

		/// <summary>
		/// Mark the buffer destroyed on graphics context destruction. May be a no-op depending on the API.
		/// </summary>
		public void OnDeviceLost ()
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			VertexBuffer_OnDeviceLost (handle);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern void VertexBuffer_Release (IntPtr handle);

		/// <summary>
		/// Release buffer.
		/// </summary>
		public void Release ()
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			VertexBuffer_Release (handle);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern void VertexBuffer_SetShadowed (IntPtr handle, bool enable);

		/// <summary>
		/// Enable shadowing in CPU memory. Shadowing is forced on if the graphics subsystem does not exist.
		/// </summary>
		private void SetShadowed (bool enable)
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			VertexBuffer_SetShadowed (handle, enable);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern bool VertexBuffer_SetSize (IntPtr handle, uint vertexCount, uint elementMask, bool dynamic);

		/// <summary>
		/// Set size and vertex elements and dynamic mode using legacy element bitmask. Previous data will be lost.
		/// </summary>
		public bool SetSize (uint vertexCount, ElementMask elementMask, bool dynamic)
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_SetSize (handle, vertexCount, (uint)elementMask, dynamic);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern bool VertexBuffer_SetData (IntPtr handle, void* data);

		/// <summary>
		/// Set all data in the buffer.
		/// </summary>
		public bool SetData (void* data)
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_SetData (handle, data);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern bool VertexBuffer_SetDataRange (IntPtr handle, void* data, uint start, uint count, bool discard);

		/// <summary>
		/// Set a data range in the buffer. Optionally discard data outside the range.
		/// </summary>
		public bool SetDataRange (void* data, uint start, uint count, bool discard)
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_SetDataRange (handle, data, start, count, discard);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern IntPtr VertexBuffer_Lock (IntPtr handle, uint start, uint count, bool discard);

		/// <summary>
		/// Lock the buffer for write-only editing. Return data pointer if successful. Optionally discard data outside the range.
		/// </summary>
		public IntPtr Lock (uint start, uint count, bool discard)
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_Lock (handle, start, count, discard);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern void VertexBuffer_Unlock (IntPtr handle);

		/// <summary>
		/// Unlock the buffer and apply changes to the GPU buffer.
		/// </summary>
		public void Unlock ()
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			VertexBuffer_Unlock (handle);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern bool VertexBuffer_IsShadowed (IntPtr handle);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return whether CPU memory shadowing is enabled.
		/// </summary>
		private bool IsShadowed ()
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_IsShadowed (handle);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern bool VertexBuffer_IsDynamic (IntPtr handle);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return whether is dynamic.
		/// </summary>
		private bool IsDynamic ()
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_IsDynamic (handle);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern bool VertexBuffer_IsLocked (IntPtr handle);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return whether is currently locked.
		/// </summary>
		private bool IsLocked ()
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_IsLocked (handle);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern uint VertexBuffer_GetVertexCount (IntPtr handle);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return number of vertices.
		/// </summary>
		private uint GetVertexCount ()
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_GetVertexCount (handle);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern uint VertexBuffer_GetVertexSize (IntPtr handle);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return vertex size in bytes.
		/// </summary>
		private uint GetVertexSize ()
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_GetVertexSize (handle);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern VertexElement* VertexBuffer_GetElement (IntPtr handle, VertexElementSemantic semantic, byte index);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return vertex element, or null if does not exist.
		/// </summary>
		public VertexElement* GetElement (VertexElementSemantic semantic, byte index)
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_GetElement (handle, semantic, index);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern VertexElement* VertexBuffer_GetElement0 (IntPtr handle, VertexElementType type, VertexElementSemantic semantic, byte index);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return vertex element with specific type, or null if does not exist.
		/// </summary>
		public VertexElement* GetElement (VertexElementType type, VertexElementSemantic semantic, byte index)
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_GetElement0 (handle, type, semantic, index);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern bool VertexBuffer_HasElement (IntPtr handle, VertexElementSemantic semantic, byte index);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return whether has a specified element semantic.
		/// </summary>
		public bool HasElement (VertexElementSemantic semantic, byte index)
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_HasElement (handle, semantic, index);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern bool VertexBuffer_HasElement1 (IntPtr handle, VertexElementType type, VertexElementSemantic semantic, byte index);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return whether has an element semantic with specific type.
		/// </summary>
		public bool HasElement (VertexElementType type, VertexElementSemantic semantic, byte index)
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_HasElement1 (handle, type, semantic, index);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern uint VertexBuffer_GetElementOffset (IntPtr handle, VertexElementSemantic semantic, byte index);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return offset of a element within vertex, or M_MAX_UNSIGNED if does not exist.
		/// </summary>
		public uint GetElementOffset (VertexElementSemantic semantic, byte index)
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_GetElementOffset (handle, semantic, index);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern uint VertexBuffer_GetElementOffset2 (IntPtr handle, VertexElementType type, VertexElementSemantic semantic, byte index);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return offset of a element with specific type within vertex, or M_MAX_UNSIGNED if element does not exist.
		/// </summary>
		public uint GetElementOffset (VertexElementType type, VertexElementSemantic semantic, byte index)
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_GetElementOffset2 (handle, type, semantic, index);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern uint VertexBuffer_GetElementMask (IntPtr handle);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return legacy vertex element mask. Note that both semantic and type must match the legacy element for a mask bit to be set.
		/// </summary>
		private uint GetElementMask ()
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_GetElementMask (handle);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern byte* VertexBuffer_GetShadowData (IntPtr handle);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return CPU memory shadow data.
		/// </summary>
		private byte* GetShadowData ()
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_GetShadowData (handle);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern ulong VertexBuffer_GetBufferHash (IntPtr handle, uint streamIndex);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return buffer hash for building vertex declarations. Used internally.
		/// </summary>
		public ulong GetBufferHash (uint streamIndex)
		{
			Runtime.ValidateRefCounted (this);
			return VertexBuffer_GetBufferHash (handle, streamIndex);
		}

		[DllImport (Consts.NativeImport, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
		internal static extern uint VertexBuffer_GetVertexSize3 (uint elementMask);

		/// <summary>
		/// Return vertex size for a legacy vertex element bitmask.
		/// </summary>
		public static uint GetVertexSize (ElementMask elementMask)
		{
			Runtime.Validate (typeof(VertexBuffer));
			return VertexBuffer_GetVertexSize3 ((uint)elementMask);
		}

		public override StringHash Type {
			get {
				return UrhoGetType ();
			}
		}

		public override string TypeName {
			get {
				return GetTypeName ();
			}
		}

		[Preserve]
		public static StringHash TypeStatic {
			get {
				return GetTypeStatic ();
			}
		}

		public static string TypeNameStatic {
			get {
				return GetTypeNameStatic ();
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Return whether CPU memory shadowing is enabled.
		/// Or
		/// Enable shadowing in CPU memory. Shadowing is forced on if the graphics subsystem does not exist.
		/// </summary>
		public bool Shadowed {
			get {
				return IsShadowed ();
			}
			set {
				SetShadowed (value);
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Return whether is dynamic.
		/// </summary>
		public bool Dynamic {
			get {
				return IsDynamic ();
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Return whether is currently locked.
		/// </summary>
		public bool Locked {
			get {
				return IsLocked ();
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Return number of vertices.
		/// </summary>
		public uint VertexCount {
			get {
				return GetVertexCount ();
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Return vertex size in bytes.
		/// </summary>
		public uint VertexSize {
			get {
				return GetVertexSize ();
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Return legacy vertex element mask. Note that both semantic and type must match the legacy element for a mask bit to be set.
		/// </summary>
		public ElementMask ElementMask {
			get {
				return (ElementMask)GetElementMask ();
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Return CPU memory shadow data.
		/// </summary>
		public byte* ShadowData {
			get {
				return GetShadowData ();
			}
		}
	}
}


text:
Aired on NBC: April 19, 1970
Above: Barbra Streisand holds her Tony Award next to show producer Alexander H. Cohen.
Only a few artists have won all four of the entertainment industry's top competitive honors: Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Awards. These artists are called "EGOTs" and when the American Theatre Wing's Tony nominating committee gave Streisand a special "Star of the Decade" award in 1970, Streisand joined that special EGOT club.
Introduced by television personality David Frost, Streisand's speech was brief and humorous:
Thank you. Oh, God. Imagine being in a Hall of Fame. Imagine being in a hall at all, the trouble I've had getting an apartment, I tell ya. [ laughs; applause * ] That's another story. This award means a great deal to me because it was on a Broadway stage that my career really began. So to receive this honor takes me back to where I came from, and it feels kinda nice. I must say that although it is wonderful to hear an audience applaud, it is especially gratifying knowing that the talented and dedicated people who make up our profession are among those applauding. Thank you very much.
Below: Tony Playbill courtesy of Robert Traugh.
Frost and Streisand were photographed during rehearsals for the Tony Awards, too.
* Barbra's 1969-1970 troubles finding an apartment in New York City:


text:
eGFR – szacunkowy wskaźnik filtracji kłębuszkowej (ang. estimated glomerular filtration rate)
 EGFR – receptor nabłonkowego czynnika wzrostu (ang. epidermal growth factor receptor)


text:
Talk about the arts in schools for the Royal Academy.
Let's begin by looking at these two pictures. The one on the left is called 'Thor battering the Midgard Servant' and the one on the right is a scene depicting some of the characters from Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'.
They belong right here in the Royal Academy. Thanks to the RA for reproducing them.
They're both by the artist Henry Fuseli. He lived from 1741 to 1825.
He was born in Zürich, Switzerland, the second of 18 children.
In, 1765, he visited England, where he supported himself for some time by miscellaneous writing. Eventually, he became acquainted with Sir Joshua Reynolds, to whom he showed his drawings. Following Reynolds' advice, he decided to devote himself entirely to art. In 1770 he made an art-pilgrimage to Italy, where he remained until 1778, changing his name from Füssli to the more Italian-sounding Fuseli.[1]
Early in 1779 he returned to Britain, In 1788 Fuseli married Sophia Rawlins (originally one of his models), and he soon after became an associate of the Royal Academy.[1] The early feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, whose portrait he had painted, planned a trip with him to Paris, and pursued him determinedly, but after Sophia's intervention the Fuselis' door was closed to her forever. Fuseli later said "I hate clever women. They are only troublesome".[2] In 1790 he became a full Academician, presenting Thor Battering the Midgard Serpent as his diploma work.[3] In 1799 Fuseli was appointed professor of painting to the Academy. Four years later he was chosen as Keeper, and resigned his professorship, but resumed it in 1810, continuing to hold both offices until his death.
What has this got to do with anything we're discussing today?
Well, one of my key words for this talk is 'interpretation'.
We might say that all art, and all commentary about art involves interpretation. By filling you in on a few details about Fuseli I have already affected your interpretation of the pictures. I'm guessing that now I've told you Fuseli's dates, some of you are slotting the pictures into your mind's filing systems to do with the years around 1800, other artists you know of. You might be thinking about Switzerland, or about Joshua Reynolds. You might be thinking about what dangers - or perhaps what delights - lay in his way by way of clever women. Or what a jerk he was to say that thing about clever women.
There's another aspect about these two pictures that I can mention: - as with thousands of others in the western traditions - Fuseli has used the medium of graphic art to interpret two works of literature.
I'm guessing that most people here will be familiar with at least something of the literature that Fuseli has interpreted in these pictures. Thor is very popular these days because he's one of the Avengers. In another form, he was the Norse God of War. His name was taken to make Thursday - Thor's Day.
The other day I watched the 'Graham Norton Show' and Chris Hemsworth, who plays Thor in the Avengers, was on the couch talking about how he has collected three or four of the hammers that he's wielded in the films. Also on the couch was Paul Rudd who plays Ant-Man in other movies , Kit Harrington who plays Jon Snow from the TV film-series, Game of Thrones and Julianne Moore who plays all sorts of people in many different types of films. (I wonder if Fuseli would have thought her clever and troublesome.) Kit Harrington said that he has a giant statue of himself which he doesn't know what to do with. Graham Norton said he could bury it in the garden and years later people might come along and find it, and wonder what had been going on. Thor said that he tries to put the hammers on the mantlepiece but his wife takes them away. He then said his son picked up one of the hammers and asked him if it was a toy. 'No,' said Thor, 'that's the real one.'
So, the Norse myth was meeting Marvel Comics meeting Game of Thrones, and the relative reality or unreality of film-set props from the Hollywood version of the Norse myth. There are a lot of intertwined narratives going on there.
I'm not sure how the Norse myths made their way into Fuseli's consciousness. I knew them well from one of my favourite books as a child, an anthology of the tales by Barbara Leonie Picard. I can re-tell - or interpret - them because of my memory of them. In fact, when I've been put on the spot by my children to make up a story I've secretly plundered the myths for story-lines and motifs. Rather as Hollywood does - and if there's time - schools can help children do: be like Shakespeare - steal a story, adapt it, change the setting, switch the gender of one of the lead characters, add in a sub-plot and you've got a hit. My favourite Norse Myth when I was a boy, was the one sometimes known as the Binding of Fenrir. Fenrir is a giant wolf, and a key moment in the story involves a test of courage: the god Tyr puts his hand in Fenrir's mouth as evidence of the gods' good faith in binding Fenrir with what looks like nothing more than a garland of flowers. I won't spoil the story other than to tell you that Tyr's name was taken to give us Tuesday - Tyr's day.
These little interconnected anecdotes tell me that stories don't just begin and end. They exist in chains of memories, re-tellings and interpretations even to the point where some end up on our tongues every day - quite literally as days of the week.
Fuseli painted this picture in 1790 and it was, as you heard, the one that enabled him to become an Academician right here.
Let's look at the Tempest.
Here we can see Prospero in the middle and the two natives - and two slaves - Ariel and Caliban.
Can we take it that that's Prospero's daughter standing behind Prospero there? She's called Miranda, who gives us the famous phrase 'Brave new world' - which in the play is a line of great irony as the world she is looking at is neither 'brave' or 'new'. It's made up of people full of old world cowardices, rivalries and treacheries.
In both pictures Fuseli has interpreted stories.
This was a high status activity.
Because Fuseli was so good at it, according to the tastes and attitudes of the day, it enabled him to be accepted in the top artistic institution of the day: this one we are in right now.
I'll ask a rhetorical question here: if what Fuseli was doing was a high status activity then, why isn't it a high status activity now in education?
What else might we say about these pictures? Do you think both have a heroic tone? These heroes, (both in their own ways magical beings - can we say 'super-men'?) have been positioned centre stage, mid-action, one striking down the serpent, the other commanding his slaves, the heavens and the seas.
If you know The Tempest or the Norse myths you'll know that other scenes and interpretations are available. The myths offer us the figure of Loki who as the god of fire can create mischief and wreak havoc. The Tempest gives voice and space to a native's slave revolt which draws into the rebellion the servants of the aristocrats who are occupying the island. Several times I've put Caliban's words 'This island's mine' in poetry anthologies and I've written about Caliban in my book about Shakespeare that I wrote for young people.
These are all interpretations of mine.
I've just demonstrated then in the first minutes of this talk how looking at these pictures has set off trails of thoughts and opinions about the Norse myths and The Tempest.
My central argument today is to say that:
a) what Fuseli has done here by painting scenes from literature,
b) what I've done in the past with the stories that Fuseli has drawn on
c) what I've done right now, musing on how these stories exist in me and in popular culture
are the kinds of activities that are being squeezed out of primary and secondary education.
How is this being done?
It's mostly as a consequence of what the government calls 'accountability'. Schools are locked into a system of testing, inspections and league tables. These are all high stakes because the governance of a school depends on them: children's scores in tests are aggregated and tracked over time. If a decision is made that the school is inadequate, it can be forced out of local authority control and become an academy. Or, if it's already an academy it can be forced to become another academy.
No matter what one thinks of this as a way of managing schools and managing standards, you can see that the whole apparatus rests on testing children.
It's legitimate then to look at the tests themselves and ask some questions:
I'll restrict this for the moment to primary school children.
Firstly: What kinds of knowledge do the tests test?
Secondly: What kinds of effect on education do these tests have?
This may sound tautological but I'll start by saying that the tests only test what is testable according to the kinds of test they are. By this I mean that they are pencil and paper tests which ask children questions for which there are only right and wrong answers.
This tells us straight away that there are whole areas of knowledge that are excluded. (Just to be clear I mean knowledge that is both know-what and know-how.)
I'm sure you could think of some too. Here are mine:
How to save someone's life
How to feed someone
How to be compassionate
How to co-operate with others
How to be brave in the face of people being over-bearing, bullying or who persecute you.
How to hold two equally valid ideas in your head at the same time.
How to plan.
More specifically, if you look closely at the questions on a SAT paper you'll see that quite specifically, there is only one possible answer for any one question. This is from last year's SATs paper for 10 and 11 year olds.
The children were asked to read a poem. They were asked:
"The experience of the last line could best be described as: amusing, or shocking, or puzzling, or comforting?"
The marking guide that the teachers use to mark the test show that only one of these words is "right". Notice in the question there's a passive construction: 'could best be described'. Could best be described by whom? Who is this Best-Describer Person? On what basis does Best-Describer Person come to their conclusions? I'm getting a picture here of a great god Best-Describer roaming the world of poetry tests who always knows best. Perhaps Fuseli could draw it for me.
It is through passive constructions like 'best be described' that passivity is taught. The passive teaches passivity. Children are asked to accept that an unknown, unchallenged and unchallengeable authority runs poetry.
Hey, I thought it was poets who run poetry but what do I know?
Actually, when I read the test question, I had two subversive thoughts: first that none of the words on offer "best described" the last line. I could think of some others that I think are better. But as it was me doing the test (in my mind) I remembered the rule: I must not think of other words. I must not think of other words.
My other thought was, those words on offer in the question could - at a push - all describe the last line. That's what poetry is like. The words in a poem slide about, full of ambiguity, suggesting one thing which, if true, might suggest something else which might suggest something else on down a chain of meaning.
In fact, nearly 90 years ago, William Empson wrote a book which showed us just how ambiguous poetry can be and often is.
Poetry is not a store of right and wrong facts. To treat it as such - which this SAT test does - is to distort and wreck poetry.
The reader of a poem is not someone who takes specific lumps of meaning out of a poem as if they are taking eggs out of an egg box. If I take that metaphor further, I'd say, well if they are eggs, you can't actually use the egg for much until you open the egg up and cook it according to your taste and culture - what are you going to have: scrambled, poached, fired, boiled, omelette?
In other words, interpretation. We make meanings.
That's just one question.
Multiply that many times - not just in terms of that test. Think now of the second of my questions:
What kinds of effect on education do these tests have?
One direct effect is that children spend hours and hours and hours doing practice testing. In other words, the test-method (or test way of thinking) is instilled into children as being the best way, the only way, the authoritative way of doing things.
Here's my 'Guide to Education'
Guide to Education
You get education in schools.
To find out how much education you get,
the government gives you tests.
Before you do the tests
the government likes it if you are put on
different tables that show how well or badly
you are going to do in the tests.
The tests test whether they
have put you on the right table.
The tests test whether you know what you're
supposed to know.
don't try to get to know any old stuff like
'What is earwax?' or 'how to make soup'.
The way to know things you're supposed to know
is to do pretend tests.
When you do the pretend tests
you learn how to think in the way that tests
want you to think.
The more practice you do,
the more likely it is that you won't make the mistake
of thinking in any other way other than in
the special test way of thinking.
The apples are growing on the tree.
What is growing on the tree?
If you say, 'leaves', you are wrong.
It's no use you thinking that when apples are on a tree
there are usually leaves on the tree too.
There is only one answer. And that is 'apples'.
All other answers are wrong.
If you are the kind of person that thinks 'leaves' is a
good answer, doing lots and lots and lots of practice tests
will get you to stop thinking that 'leaves' is a good answer.
Doing many, many practice tests will also make it
very likely that there won't be time for you to go out
and have a look at an apple tree to see what else
grows on apple trees. Like ants. Or mistletoe.
Education is getting much better these days
because there is much more testing.
Remember, it's 'apples' not 'leaves'.
But there's another effect:
i) how this kind of testing,
ii) the preparation for this kind of testing,
iii) and the accountability model of testing, inspection and league tables
are transforming the timetable.
Here are some observations from some teachers I asked:
My college has cut A level Dance, Film Studies, Music... more pressure on working class students to take business type subjects, and more academies with 6th forms hanging on to a level students.
Our college has cut btec music, and A-level music, dance, drama, textiles and graphic design. Combination of factors including low recruitment (as a knock-on from smaller number of students taking up creative subjects at GCSE) but probably other factors too.
I'm not a teacher but my year 4 son's English is only marked for spelling, grammar and neat handwriting. Ideas and creativity are never commented on so it's hard for me to persuade him its worth bothering. And art projects seem designed only to provide classroom decoration. Kids are given very specific instructions, so are basically just colouring in.
As a child aged 10 we did pottery with a kiln and glazes, acrylic moulding cutting and polishing, watercolours, woodworking, marbled paper making and calligraphy. My daughter at the same age does colouring in. They made something out of air dried clay but it broke by the time she got home.
They brought in EBacc which excluded the Arts, and Progress 8 which all but eliminated them. The schools that have struggled the most to retain the Arts are the same ones that struggle to achieve the limiting data figures that are supposedly so important. The greatest threat they have is one that has been wielded across all disadvantaged areas, if you don't meet the data targets then Ofsted will tell you you're failing your students, place you in special measures and the DfE sell you off to the highest bidder.
I work in a special school and have been pressured to cut out creative arts almost completely. A few years ago, my timetable included plays, music, art, reading and writing for pleasure and fun poetry. Now my managers want evidence of progressive writing and worksheets, as these can be assessed for data.
My secondary school, in a socially deprived area of Newcastle, now has NO music at KS3 or 4 and no music teachers employed, for the first time in my 23 years there ...
In 2014 3 pupils took A level music. One was my son. Two others transferred in from elsewhere. By 2014 A level music was cut altogether. Because of this my younger son went to a large non selective state sixth form college to do music. This establishment has mow cut it. The other large state sixth form college in our town to offer A level music still offers it but it is highly selective. Neither one of my boys would have done well there yet one is currently working in the creative industries as a musician/creative, and the other is doing a music degree at university. They got their A level music qualifications 'just in the nick of time'. They would not have the same opportunities if they were a year or two younger.
My secondary school tries to still offer creative arts GCSE and A level, and to offer extra-curricular music and drama. But, due to pressure mainly from the English department, students in yrs 11 and 13 were banned from taking part in productions. The last year they were allowed to take part, when they missed part of an English lesson for the dress rehearsal, when they got back to the lesson they were told how many marks they were likely to have lost as a result of missing a lesson. No credit given for the benefits to their English development of taking part in a performance.
In Y11 students not achieving targets just get Maths, English and Science lessons.
I'm a secondary Art teacher and we have had KS3 art lessons reduced from 50 minutes a week to an hour a fortnight. Additionally from next year there will be a 2 year key stage 3; in total this means that students will receive 36 hours of art if they don't opt for it at GCSE. They will also have a 2 year GCSE which means that they will complete their GCSE in year 10. Obviously as students mature they are capable of higher level skills. I'm not looking forward to being invited to explain why the results are poorer than previous years....😠
So what are these children and school students missing out on?
Or put this another way:
what can arts in education, arts in schools offer children and school students:
In an ideal world they can offer:
trial and error without fear of failure
a chance to explore materials or aspects of the material world, whether that's your own voice - through eg singing and speaking
your body - through movement, dance and acting
or the materials like clay, wood, iron, plastic, stone,glass
or materials like pencil, charcoal, paint, pen, ink, paper, canvas, film, video and so on.
or language which can only manifest itself materially through voice, print, digitally produced signs and so on.
every artistic act starts with possibilities for change, it enacts change, it changes materials, it offers possibilities to the maker and to the viewer.
By the way:
I tried to express this idea with a little poem:
Take a brush:
the sky is green
the grass is blue
you are purple
the house is silver
the river is gold
the sun is black
the world has changed.
Did you do that?
What I didn't express in the poem is that in changing things we change ourselves. We are never the same as we were.
We discover that we are not passive receptacles, we discover that we have the potential to change things.
A good deal of art involves co-operation of some sort - some more than others.
A good deal of art involves us seeing things as others see them. It often involves making comparisons between how we see things and how others see them. The events of the 20th century tell us that this is desperately necessary if we are to avoid destroying each other or the planet or both.
And let me come back to that word 'interpretation'. All art - not just Fuseli and the rest who interpret across art forms, involves some kind of transformation of what's already there whether that's language or all the different kinds of materials I mentioned earlier.
But interpretation is also a totally valid practice that takes place off the back of art.
This is not the ritual of what the exam boards call retrieval, inference, chronology and presentation.
Interpretation involves using the available resources of our experience and, more specifically, our experience of other art forms and texts.
One of the key parts of this is what we might call 'storying'. You show me a story - or fragments of a story - as with Fuseli's pictures - and I'll tell you a story. This exchange of stories that goes on every day of our lives is how we form the foundation of our abstract thoughts. In fact, it's not just storying, it's analogising. In order to story off the back of one story, I have to select one aspect from the story in front of me, and compare it with one aspect of a story that is in the story-library in my mind. I make analogies. The moment I make analogies, I am beginning to categorise, generalise and classify.
I would suggest that that is precisely what Fuseli has done here. He has categorised Prospero or Thor as a type - as selected from Fuseli's library of types sitting in his head.
Categories, generalisations and classifications are highly prized in education - at least at the level of being told what they are, as when we are asked to read and learn: "The following are types of erosion, the following are types of triangle, the following are types of figurative language."
But what value do we put on the ability to do this through interpretation, through storying and through the arts?
Labels: art, arts-and-culture, comprehension, education, literature, reading-for-pleasure, Shakespeare, storytelling, writing
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You are here: Home / News / Club Notes / St. Mary's-Kiltoghert / St Mary's Kiltoghert GAA Club Notes 14/11/2018
St Mary's Kiltoghert GAA Club Notes 14/11/2018
St. Mary's-Kiltoghert
FIXTURES – Sunday 20th November: Leitrim U20 B Football Championship Semi Final:
St. Mary's V's Rinn Gaels at 12 noon in Páirc Naomh Mhuire
RESULTS – Sunday 11th November: Leitrim U20 B Football Championship:
Well done to St. Mary's on Sunday morning last in the Leitrim U20 B Football Championship beating Dromahair on scoreline of 3.17 to 1.06. They play Rinn Gaels in the semi-final this Sunday at 12 noon in Páirc Naomh Mhuire.
U16 LADIES – Hard luck to our U16 ladies team who lost out to Dromahair in the Championship semi-final on Sunday last in St. Osnats. They now take on Mohill in the Shield Final this weekend, date and venue to be confirmed. Best wishes to the team and management. Training continues this Tuesday and Thursday at 6pm in Páirc Naomh Mhuire.
UNDERAGE PRESENTATION NIGHT – We are looking forward to our underage presentation in The Bush Hotel this Saturday at 4pm. Shane Walsh, Galway star forward will be on hand to present medals…. which there are lots of, after what can only be described as a fantastic year on the pitch for our underage boys and girls. It promises to be a great evening for all St. Mary's supporters both young and old. We really hope you will come join us.
AGM – The 2018 AGM will take place in The Clubhouse on Saturday 8th December at 8pm.
LOTTO – Play our Smart Lotto on line by clicking on http://bit.ly/StMarysKiltoghert Tickets cost €2 or you can enter a yearly lotto at a discounted rate of €80 which enters you into 52 draws. The Jackpot currently stands at €10,000.
SCÓR NA NÓG 2018 – Scór na nÓg (Junior Scór) 2018/2019 Leitrim County finals are due to take place in December, date and venue TBC. Anyone who can play a musical instrument, sing or dance is invited to enter and represent St. Mary's Kiltoghert GAA at this year's Scór competition. You may enter individually or as part of a group. As this is the 50th year of Scór, we would love to get as many interested young club members, Boys and Girls to represent the club this year.
If you are interested in representing St. Mary's Kiltoghert at scór or helping or mentoring or supervising a practice with a group please contact Laura Crossan our Scór Officer on 087 9664406,
Our Club can be represented in:
Rince Foirne (Figure Dance), Amhránaíocht Aonair (Solo Singing), Aithriseoireacht/Scéalaíocht (Recitation), Bailéad Ghrúpa (Ballad Group), Léiriú Stáitse (Stage Play), Ceol Uirlise (Instrumental Music), Rince Seit (Set Dancing) and Question Time.
CONNACHT SENIOR CLUB SEMI FINAL – Hard luck to Aughawillian who were beaten by Ballintubber on Sunday last in the Connacht Senior Club Semi Final.
SYMPATHY – It was with great regret that we learned of the very sad passing of John Keaney on Friday morning. We at St. Mary's GAA had the pleasure of dealing with John on many occasions in Keaney's and as always found him to be a true Gentleman. The Keaney's are a great sporting family and John has always been a great supporter of St. Mary's and in recent years was very proud to see his grandchildren starring for our club. On behalf of all in St. Mary's we offer our sincere sympathies to all the Keaney and extended family especially his wife Bernie, Ivan, Orla, Paul, Niall, Brian and Seán. Ar dheis Dé go raibh a anam dílis.
14th November 2018 /by Leitrim GAA PRO
http://www.leitrimgaa.ie/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/St-Marys.jpg 192 192 Leitrim GAA PRO http://www.leitrimgaa.ie/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-Leitrim_Crest_3d_Trans_552x552-180x180.png Leitrim GAA PRO2018-11-14 12:07:422019-01-04 12:10:35St Mary's Kiltoghert GAA Club Notes 14/11/2018
Fenagh St Caillin's GAA Club Notes 14/11/2018 Aughawillan GAA Club Notes 14/11/2018


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