text:
Posted by	James Lee in Government IT
Behind The Missing White House E-Mail
The Presidential Records Act dictates that the White House archive all records including e-mails. Problem is the Executive Office of the President seemingly hasn't had a reliable system for preserving emails, despite the best efforts of three CIOs, numerous contractors and around $70 million expenditures. In the interim, an estimated 5 million White House emails have been lost, many of them reportedly dealing with sensitive political issues. Is this the result of a widespread attempt by the Bush administration to leave no electronic fingerprint behind, the fallout stemming from a series of IT missteps, political infighting and technical ineptitude, or perhaps some combination of the two?
By Laton McCartney
Remember the Watergate tapes -- recorded conversations among U.S President Richard Nixon and various White House staff members? One of those recordings was the so-called "smoking gun" tape in which the President requested that his staff pressure the CIA and FBI to justify the Watergate break-in as a national security matter. When that tape was finally made public in July 1974, Nixon lost what little support he had left and resigned a month later.
Four years later Congress passed The Presidential Records Act (PRA) of 1978 which governs the official records of the White House. The PRA changed the legal ownership of the official records of the President from private to public, and established a new statutory structure under which Presidents must manage their records. The PRA now mandates that the White House preserve e-mails and all other records documenting the "activities, deliberations, decisions, and policies" of the President.
In addition, what's called the Federal Records Act (FDA) dictates that federal records may not be destroyed -- except under the authority of a records disposition schedule approved by the Archivist of the United States. Created in 1950, the FDA requires that each federal agency head and his or her designees are responsible for ensuring that their agency creates and maintains records. In 1993 the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the law applied to the White House and that electronic copies of emails needed to be stored and not just paper print outs.
It's important to note, however, that once a presidency has concluded, all White House documents including emails are turned over to the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) for 12 years. During that period access is at best limited and subject to review by the former President. In other words, when George W. Bush steps down in 2009, his administration's records won't be fully accessible until 2021.
With all that in mind, many have a hard time comprehending why the White House -- effectively the headquarters of the most technically advanced nation in the world -- has seemingly been unable to implement, maintain and effectively manage an email records keeping system.
An estimated 5 million White House emails, many of which are thought to deal with the outset of the Iraq war, the controversial firing of eight federal attorneys and the outing of Valerie Plame as a CIA agent, appear to have gone AWOL - setting off a firestorm of lawsuits and congressional investigations.
"Good technology for automatically and seamlessly archiving email has existed since 2000," says Bill Tolson, director of legal and regulatory solutions marketing at Mimosa Systems, which provides information management and retrieval solutions, and co-author of "Email Archiving for Dummies." With this readily available and easily implemented technology, emails can be archived in real time, indexed and made searchable as easy as one, two, three. "There never has been a technical reason [for the White House] not to have this capability in place. Perhaps it was a matter of budgetary constraints or political foot dragging, but technology is not an obstacle."
Whatever the case, the story of White House e-mails - which, in fact, goes back to the Clinton White House -- touches on issues such as data archiving, e-discovery and network security that are vital to chief information officers.
This is a classic tale of what can go wrong -- even at the highest levels of government -- when a critical electronic communications archival and retrieval system is broken.
{mospagebreak title=Back to the future}
Indeed, the Republicans don't have a monopoly on email archiving problems.
Anyone remember all the emails pertaining to Monica Lewinsky and questionable campaign donations that went AWOL during the Clinton-Gore years? In fact, the Bush administration inherited some of the previous administration's email problems.
In 1994, the Clinton-Gore administration put up the first White House Web site and installed an archiving system called Automated Records Management System (ARMS). ARMS was really a set of systems that was developed to meet a court mandate for the White House to preserve emails under the FDA. At the time, ARMS was implemented, no commercial off-the-shelf system to support email records management existed in the marketplace. Consequently, ARMS was by necessity a custom system.
To design, build and maintain the e-mail and archiving system the White House hired Planning Research Corp. (PRC), a software company that worked largely for the military and government and had held the White House computer contract for 22 years, spanning five presidents (PRC was subsequently acquired by Litton Industries). "The ARMS system was implemented using the staff, contractors, resources and technologies that were present-at-hand within EOP [Executive Office of the President] at that time," Steven McDevitt, a senior IT official in the Bush White House from September 2002 to October 2006, said in a February 21, 2008, email to Henry A. Waxman (D-Calif.), Chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
The Oversight Committee began an investigation into missing White House emails in 2007 and held hearings on the matter in February. A source close to the hearings says that the White House placed such tight restrictions through its lawyers on what McDevitt could testify to "that basically he could say nothing as a live witness." Thus, the written email exchange between Waxman's office and McDevitt.
McDevitt was not part of the Clinton White House IT team at the time ARMS was introduced. In his initial role in the Bush White House as an information technology specialist and project manager, he did, however, conduct an analysis of ARMS in 2002 as part of an attempt to provide a long-term solution to support the emails records management of the EOP.
According to McDevitt and several Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports, the ARMS systems began experiencing some major hiccups soon after it was installed.
Gore, who as vice president was enthusiastically promoting what he called "the information super highway," had decided to set up his own computer system separate from that of the White House. The Office of the Vice President (OVP) used a temporary email storage system until ARMS was up and running. Thinking that the ARMS system was already in operation and that President's Office of Administration (OA) was managing backup tapes, the Office of the Vice President didn't bother to maintain a back up archive of its own after May 1993. Unfortunately for the Vice President and his staff, ARMS wasn't fully activated until July 1994. As a result, according to the GAO report, about 600 systems backup tapes needed to be restored to determine if they contained any non-archived email records. The cost of this exercise: an estimated $11.7 million.
Then, in 1996, the White House began a move to use servers instead of simply tape as part of the ARMS system.
It deployed Lotus Notes software as its email application and installed and maintained four Lotus Notes email servers, one remote server and one ARMS interface server. The latter transferred email records from the emails system to ARMS. From the outset, however, there were interface glitches between the interface server and ARMs.
The problem was that ARMS wasn't picking up data from the new server, which was named Mail2. As a consequence, thousands of email records - 10,000 plus according to the GAO report -- to and from West Wing officials including President Clinton went missing.
There were also difficulties migrating users to the new system.
The White House pointed the finger at PRC, which installed the Lotus Notes system, and replaced the contractor with Northrop Grumman.
"We had numerous problems with the email system. It was very poorly constructed and very poorly designed by a contractor prior to Northrop Grumman," Laura Crabtree Callahan, a former senior IT manager at the Clinton White House told the House Government Reform Committee, which was looking into the Clinton-Gore email problems in March 2000. Callahan, who claimed to have a Ph.D. in Computer Science, went on to become deputy CIO in the United States Department of Homeland Security in the Bush administration but was forced to resign after a Government Computer News broke the story in April 2003 that she had had obtained her advanced computer science degree from a diploma mill run out of a refurbished Motel 6 in Evanston, Wyo. CIOZone was unable to reach Callahan to comment on this story.
PRC countered that White House officials had pressured the contractor to rush the job, and argued there were as many as 50 White House IT officials tinkering with the servers - too many chefs as it were -- while PRC was implementing them. Still, PRC was off the case.
{mospagebreak title=Trouble Ahead}
The problems with ARMS/Lotus Notes servers didn't come to light until 1998.
The glitch, according to the GAO report, was caused by human error in the capitalization of the letters in the name of the MAIL2 email server. The correct spelling was Mail2. The upshot? For the affected users outgoing emails were included in the ARMS record management database, but incredibly incoming messages were not as a result of this programming flaw. Some 256 users were affected.
Then, in its efforts to repair this problem, the letter D was somehow deleted from a key piece of software. As a result all users in the email system whose first names began with D were not subject to records management. Some 200 accounts were affected.
At the same time, many at the White House continued to use disparate e-mail systems despite the adaptation of Lotus Notes.
Anne Weismann, chief counsel for Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics (CREW), a non-profit activist group in Washington - and formerly a Department of Justice official who oversaw all government information litigation between 1995 until 2002 -- told CIOZone that the 10,000-Plus missing Clinton administration emails resulted from technical failures and were not deliberately destroyed.
Still, after the Mail2 server problem was discovered, Laura Crabtree Callahan and Mark Lindsay, director of White House management and administration, ordered Northrop Grumman staffers on the project to fix the archival system and maintain absolute silence regarding their efforts, according to testimony the Northrop staffers later gave a House Government Reform Committee investigating the missing emails. Some Grumman workers even claimed that Callahan threatened to have them jailed if they talked -- a charge that was never proven in court and Lindsay and Callahan denied. The clandestine project, according to CNN and other media sources, became known as "Project X." Participants, including the Northrop crew and a White House project manager, met at a nearby Starbucks or in Lafayette Park, keeping their work secret even from some IT staffers within the White House.
Particularly sensitive given the Lewinsky scandal was the discovery by several Northrop employees including systems administrator Robert Hass in June 1998 of a batch of emails to the former White House intern from friends of hers still employed by the Clinton administration. Yet no responses from Lewinsky were recorded. This was a by-product of the Mail2 server problem, according to The New York Times, but initially, at least, it looked like an attempt to deep-six incoming emails from Lewinsky.
Eventually, when the details behind the Mail2 failure became evident, House Government Reform Chairman Dan Burton (R-Ind.) said, "The big deal is not that a computer technician made a mistake. The big deal is how the White House reacted to it." He was referring the White House's attempts to conceal the mistake.
{mospagebreak title=Enter Bush}
Five weeks after the January 20, 2001, inauguration of President George W. Bush, Attorney General Alberto Gonzales informed the White House staff they must preserve their email. "Any email relating to official business … qualifies as a Presidential record" even if received on a personal email account, Gonzales said
Three months later the White House announced a plan to name a White House chief information officer - there had been none during the entire Clinton Presidency - and hired Carlos Solari. A former army officer, Solari had spent the previous six-plus years as a senior executive with the FBI's Criminal IT Investigative Division.
At the White House, Solari's mission was to transform the EOP email system and IT infrastructure into a modern, survivable enterprise serving the White House and its component offices, which include the Council of Economic Advisors and the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board . This overall two-year strategy involved $60 million in federal funds, the reengineering of major business processes and consolidation of systems. Solari also created a system survivability plan for high assurance in crisis conditions.
As part of this major infrastructure upgrade, one of the early challenges was to consolidate many disparate emails systems that were still being used despite the earlier conversion to Lotus Notes, according to a former White House IT manager, who wished to remain anonymous. Then, in 2002, the White House decided to switch from the Lotus Notes email system to a Microsoft Exchange email system. The Bush people had used Exchange during the campaign. "This was where the White House hit a real speed bump," says Bill Tolson, co-author of "Email Archiving for Dummies" book.
The timing of this transition struck some people as strange, however. "There was an email migration during wartime that makes no sense," says David Gewirtz, author of the book "Where Have All the Emails Gone?" and publisher and editor-in-chief of OutlookPower Magazine and DominoPower Magazine. "The White House moved from IBM Lotus Notes to Microsoft Exchange right in the middle of a build-up and prosecution of an invasion. Why would you yank out such a critical command and control system at such a busy time?"
The White House did not respond to CIOZone's requests for interviews to interview staff members familiar with its email system.
Concurrent with the switch to Exchange, Solari first began modifying and then moving off ARMS to a new email archiving system called the Electronic Communications Records Management System (ECRMS). EOP gave Booz Allen Hamilton a contract to begin designing ECRMS in 2002 and awarded Unisys a task order under an existing contract to test and implement the system. In a Feb. 7, 2008, interview of Solari by staff members of the Oversight Committee, the former White House CIO characterized ECRMS as of "high importance."
This migration, started in 2002, was completed in 2004.
In the interim, EOP began an ad hoc process called "journaling" whereby either a White House staffer or a contractor would collect a journal email folder in the Exchange system containing copies of e-mails sent and received by White House employees from the president and vice president on down. After retrieving these copies the staffer or contractor would then manually name them and save them as Personal Storage Tables (PST) files -- which are typically created by users as a secondary data store -- on various White House servers. In the Feb. 7, 2008, interview by Oversight Committee staff, Solari said this was "a short term solution" that was not considered by the White House as a good long-term solution.
It was also a solution fraught with numerous risks, some of which Steven McDevitt spelled out to the Oversight Committee. Among them:
Incomplete data. The process by which email was being collected and retained was primitive and the risk that the data would be lost was high.
Data reconciliation. There was no way to guarantee that all records were retained in their complete and unmodified state. (PST files have known tendencies to corrupt when they near their maximum size which is 2 gigabytes for Outlook XP and earlier editions).
Public Perception. Given the problems missing emails had caused the previous administration, EOP should exert extra caution before making any changes to the email retention process.
User Accountability. The approach of simply storing email massages in PST files provides no mechanism or audit trail that tracks changes to data files or the activities performed by users or systems administrators.
Under questioning from the Oversight Committee, McDevitt also offered up this remarkable revelation. "The file servers and the file directories used to store the retained email PST files were accessible by everyone on the EOP network." He explained that this security breach, which was identified and corrected in 2005, would have allowed any White House official to review or tamper with the emails of any other White House official without being detected. Moreover, there was no way to determine if a particular email had been tampered with by anyone on the EOP system, McDevitt said.
In the post 9/11 world, then, when National Security was supposedly at its highest level ever, any of the 2,000 or so users of the EOP network could access any email in the PST files including those to and from the president and vice president at will without leaving behind fingerprints, according to McDevitt.
{mospagebreak title=Next Up: ECRMS}
The ECRMS project had started, according to McDevitt, with an initial draft of the Concept of Operations in 2002. This was reviewed and approved by the Office of Administration Counsel, which advises the President on all legal issues pertaining to White House administration; the White House Office of Records Management; White House Counsel, Harriet Miers; and the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
Subsequently the White House developed a statement of work to "complete a detailed system requirements specification, evaluate commercial off the shelf products and propose solutions that meet the government requirements."
Contractor Booz Allen recommended a combination of two commercial off-the-self products - the products were not named by McDevitt in his testimony -- to serve as the core of the ECRMS system. This approach, according to McDevitt, was presented to the White House Counsel, the White House Office of Records Management, and counsel in the Office of Administration (OA), which provides administration and support services for EOP components, all the agencies that are subject to the Freedom of Information Act in early 2004. With Unisys serving as the contractor for the final implementation phase, the White House undertook "systems configuration, testing and tuning."
Carlos Solari, who resigned in February 2005 to set up an IT security consulting firm in Shenandoah, Va. (he currently heads up Bell Labs Security Solutions Research Center at Alcatel-Lucent), has conceded that the implementation took longer than anticipated, in part because of extensive testing.
In early March 2006 standard operating procedures were developed; in July White House officials were given a final briefing on the search and retrieval capabilities of the ECMRS solution. The following month, McDevitt said, the project was "ready to go live." That never happened, however.
{mospagebreak title=A Black Hole}
The need for installing an effective archival system had become abundantly clear as ECRMs was being completed. In October 2005 an Office of Administration team, which was headed by McDevitt and included 14 White House officials and contractor personnel, discovered that some emails had not been archived properly. A detailed analysis subsequently showed that, in fact, between January 3, 2003 and July 28, 2005, approximately 5 million emails were missing for one or more EOP components, based on the normal email traffic patterns among the 1,700 of so users of the White House system. Moreover, the analysis identified over 700 days during that period in which Executive Office email traffic was unusually low, and 473 days in which there were virtually no Executive Office emails preserved. The analysis also showed a complete absence of emails stored for the President's office for 12 days and for Vice President Cheney's office for 16 days.
White House Counsel Harriet Miers was provided a detailed briefing of this analysis and a plan of action to recover the missing email was developed, according to a report by CREW, the non-profit activist group in Washington, titled "Without a Trace: The Story Behind the Missing White House E-Mails and the Violations of the Presidential Records Act."
The White House, however, had remained mum about this massive black hole in its journaling system. Consequently, the issue didn't become problematic until January 2006 when Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald tried to determine what role, if any, Vice President Dick Cheney's chief of staff, I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, had played in the outing of Valerie Plame as a CIA operative. After Fitzgerald requested that all relevant email from the White House be turned over to his office, he discovered, as he noted in a January 23, 2006, letter to Libby's attorney, "that not all email of the Office of the Vice President and the Executive Office of President for certain time periods in 2003 was preserved through normal archiving process on the White House computer system."
In fact, according to documents later obtained by the Oversight Committee, the journaling archive contained not a single email from the OVP from September 30, 2003, to October 6, 2003, which coincided exactly with the opening days of the Justice Department's investigation of the Plame affair. The OVP backup tapes also contained no PST files or journalized emails emanating from or to Cheney's office during that period.
{mospagebreak title=A New CIO}
Between Solari's departure and the completion of ECRMS, there had been considerable turnover among White House IT staff. This "high degree of discontinuity" according to an IT staffer who spoke on the condition that his name not be used, compounded White House technology problems.
Solari had been replaced after he resigned in March 2005 by acting CIO John Straub. Straub, in turn, left in May 2006 and was replaced by a new CIO, Theresa Payton, a former senior vice president and technology executive at Bank of America Corp. Three months later, just as ECRMS was ready to go live, Payton decided not deploy it. At first, she didn't give a reason for her decision. According to NARA records, at a February 6, 2007, meeting between NARA officials and Payton and Office of Administration (OA) staff to discuss NARA's need for knowledge of OA electronic email and other electronic systems managed by OA, Payton and the OA representative simply explained that ECRMS was not being implemented. Therefore emails were no longer being preserved in a formal electronic recordkeeping system and NARA would thus likely receive emails in multiple formats. "OA gives NARA no indication that there is a problem with any missing emails," the report states.
Subsequently, according to NARA records, NARA representatives met with Payton and four other representatives on October 11, 2007, at an OA conference room in OA's G Street NW offices. The NARA team, "asked if anyone had brought to the meeting the so-called '2005 report' which we understand constitutes an Excel spreadsheet of some sort." This was the report from the McDevitt-led team dealing with millions of missing emails. No one had a copy available. Asked if she had reviewed an electronic version of the report, "She (Payton) indicated she had not … out of concern that doing so would in some way compromise the integrity of the document."
When NARA asked if OA could provide a copy of the document, the EOP representatives said they would take that request "under advisement." On October 31, NARA staff members were provided a brief opportunity to view a paper copy of the report, but were not allowed to keep that copy.
It was at this meeting that Payton spelled out the reasons ECRMS had been cancelled, noting that ECRMS would have required 18 months to ingest that existing backlog of messages from the journal email folders in the Microsoft Exchange system. She also claimed ECRMS made it impossible to distinguish records subject to the Presidential Records Act and the Federal Records Act from personal emails that were not. This matter had already been reviewed by OA counsel, which had ruled it wasn't a concern.
Later, testifying before the Oversight Committee on Feb. 26, 2008, Payton gave a seemingly different version of why she'd aborted ECRMS.
"After the transition to Microsoft Exchange, the EOP also considered implementing a hardware and software system called ECRMS (Electronic Communications Records Management System) in order to improve and expand the existing message archiving process already in place. However, in late 2006, after consulting staff in OCIO (Office of the Chief Information Officer), I determined that ECRMS required additional investments and modifications if it was to fulfill the EOP's requirements for records management and archiving. While testing the process of loading email records into the ECRMS system, the team also found performance issues. For several reasons, including the need for additional modifications, the identified performance issues, and projected costs, the deployment of ECRMS was cancelled. Some of the hardware, software, and technical expertise gathered during the project were then used by OCIO for other projects.
The White House did not respond to repeated requests by CIOZone to speak to Payton.
{mospagebreak title=Alarm}
Payton's decision to drop ECRMS caught many by surprise and raised considerable concern.
Officials from NARA had participated in the development of requirements from ECRMS and had a proprietary interest in the system since NARA was ultimately responsible for retaining all documents and materials created by the Bush White House. According to NARA records of meetings with Payton, NARA noted that "even if it did take ECRMS 18 months to ingest the existing backlog of messages, the process would still be completed before Bush left office."
Carlos Solari seemed taken back by Payton's decision. In his interview with Oversight Committee staff members he stated he "absolutely" believed that ECRMS would be implemented, thought the "system got finished" and was "puzzled" as to why ECRMS had been rejected.
And several of those involved with ECRMS complained that Payton had unfairly characterized the system as a legacy - i.e. wagon wheel - technology and used that as an excuse to deep-six the system
McDevitt, who had put in three years supervising ECRMS's development, was so upset by Payton's decision that he cited it as one reason he resigned from his job in October 2006, according to a letter he later wrote Rep. Waxman.
More alarming to some was that in lieu of going with ECRMS, or bringing any one of numerous off-the-shelf, real time archival storage and retrieval systems that Bill Tolson notes had been available since 2000, Payton chose to do nothing - that is, stick with the journaling process and PST files that had been installed strictly as a temporary solution in 2002.
This decision drew fire from a number of sources including The National Security Archive, an independent non-governmental research institute and library located at The George Washington University in Washington. "This just didn't make any sense," notes Meredith Fuchs, the organization's general counsel. "Even if an email archival system [such as ECRMS], is not completely adequate, it's better than having no real archival system at all."
When Payton began her tenure as White House CIO, it was left to her ultimately to account for the emails. This she did in testifying before the Committee on January 16, 2008, explaining that, despite the "2005 report" from McDevitt's team, the Grand Canyon size gap in the EOP archive system might simply be a mirage, the result of a miscalculation rather than a systemic systems failing. She said:
"The Committee has expressed concerns about allegations that EOP emails were not properly archived between 2003 and 2005. I am aware of a chart created by OCIO staff in late 2005 to early 2006 that identifies dates and EOP components for which email counts were thought to be low or non-existent during the 2003-2005 time period. Since that time, the OCRO (Office of Chief Researcher) staff came to have reservations about the tool used to collect the data in the chart.
"OCIO thus hired a contractor to perform a comprehensive re-inventory of existing archived messages by component and date. This re-inventory effort is nearly complete. OCIO has also begun an analysis of potential anomalies. Once both the re-inventory and analysis are complete, we will have a separate team do a quality assurance review to confirm the accuracy of the results. This process of re-inventory, analysis, and quality assurance is complex, labor intensive, and time-consuming. At this stage, OCRO does not know if any emails were not properly preserved."
In other words, maybe, just maybe - it would be a long time before anyone knew for sure - every last one of those emails could still be in the archives.
Even though White House spokeswoman Dana Perino had conceded on April 17, 2007, that, "I wouldn't rule out that there were a potential 5 million emails lost," Payton's testimony gave the EOP a new story to put out to the press. On January 17, 2008, the day after Payton testified, White House Press Secretary Tony Fratto stated at a press briefing: "I think to the best of what all the analysis we've been able to do, we have absolutely no reason to believe that any emails are missing; there's no evidence of that….We have not been able to note the absence of anything in our database."
In response, Representative Henry Waxman, chairman of the Oversight Committee said: "At today's White House press briefing, Deputy Press Secretary Tony Fratto was asked about allegations that White House e-mails have been lost from White House servers. He stated in response: 'We have absolutely no reason to believe that any e-mails are missing." This statement is contrary to information that the White House provided to the Committee staff in a briefing on September 19, 2007. At this briefing, the White House showed staff a chart indicating that there were 473 days for which various entities in the Executive Office of the President had no archived e-mails."
{mospagebreak title=Stonewalled}
In addition to denying any problems existed, White House officials failed to respond to mounting inquiries and was seen as stalling when requested to provide information. As one official from the National Archives wrote in an October 2007 email:
"The Office of Administration through whom we are attempting to gain detailed technical information has been extremely guarded in their responses, and all communication has been conducted under a patina of legal caution. Whenever we solicit specific technical information, they reply for the most part that they are still in the process of conducting inventories."
Meanwhile, a number of organizations took legal action to ensure that emails weren't destroyed.
On September 5, the National Security Archive sued the White House seeking the recovery and preservation of e-mail messages.
"The Bush White House broke the law and erased our history by deleting those e-mail messages," National Security Archive director Tom Blanton said at the time. "The period of the missing email starts with the invasion of Iraq and runs through the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina."
Added general counsel Meredith Fuchs said, "Without court oversight, there's no guarantee the White House will ever recover the missing e-mails or install an effective archiving system."
Soon after, the Watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics (CREW) launched a similar suit, seeking not only to retrieve the missing emails, but charging that in the wake of the scandals involving lobbyist Jack Abramoff and eight fired U.S. attorneys, emails had been release showing that senior members of the Administration used Republican National Committee (RNC) email accounts to conduct official business.
"During the revelations about the role of the White House in the firing of eight U.S. Attorneys, it became clear that the actual practices of at least some high level officials violate this purported policy," CREW said in its "Without a Trace" report, meaning that EOP officials shouldn't use outside email accounts for official business in accordance with Hatch Act, which prohibits government officials from using official resources for political purposes. "For example, [former presidential advisor] Karl Rove reportedly uses an outside email account maintained by the Republican National Committee (RNC) for about 95 percent of his email."
"There are two White House email issues," CREW's general counsel Anne Weismann told CIOZone. "One is the missing emails. The other is the purposeful use by top officials of RNC email accounts to avoid creating an official record."
Rove could not be reached to respond to CREW's charges.
Meanwhile, the White House contends that officials used the RNC accounts to avoid violating the Hatch Act. As a result, author David Gewirtz notes, EOP has been employing two email domains, EOP.GOV for official business and GWB43. com for political purposes. GWB43 is hosted by Smartech.corp.net, a small Internet services company located in Chattanooga, Tenn.
In June 2007, the majority staff of the Oversight Committee issued an interim report of the investigation into the use of the RNC e-mail accounts by White House officials. The report found that more than 88 senior people including Karl Rove and Andrew Card, former White House Chief of Staff, had email accounts maintained by the RNC or the Bush Cheney '04 campaign. "In some cases White House personnel used RNC accounts almost exclusively," the Oversight Committee stated in a February 26, 2008, memorandum.
The memorandum went on to note that the RNC deleted most of these emails after 30 days. "One indication of the scale of the loss of White House email is the fact that the RNC has retained no email messages for 51 of the 88 White House officials with RNC accounts," the report continued.
"The case of Mr. Rove provides an example of the extent of the missing email. The RNC preserved only 130 emails sent by Mr. Rove prior to November 2003, and it preserved no emails sent to Mr. Rove during President Bush's first term. For the period RNC does have records, however, Mr. Rove was a prolific user of his RNC email account. In 2007, Rove frequently sent more than 100 emails per day and received over 200 emails."
This widespread deletion of electronic records, White House critics say is Watergate redux. In its "Without a Trace" report, Melanie Sloan, CREW's executive director, asserts:
"It's clear that the White House has been willfully violating the law, the only question now is to what extent? The ever changing excuses offered by the administration - that they didn't want to violate the Hatch Act, that staff wasn't clear on the law - are patently ridiculous. Very convenient that embarrassing - and potentially incriminating - emails have gone missing. It's the Nixon White House all over again."
Others like the former White House IT official who spoke on the condition of anonymity, disagree with this assessment. "This has been nothing but a series of hiccups and not a conspiracy," he maintains.
To date the Oversight Committee's investigation into the missing emails appear to have been largely blocked by a lack of cooperation from senior White House officials. "The White House appears to have produced only a small percentage of the documents that it believes to be responsive to the request," the Oversight Committee noted on February 26. "In addition, the White House is withholding without an assertion of Executive Privilege, an unknown number of documents that are described as being deliberate."
In a separate action from the suit it filed to retrieve missing e-mails, CREW filed a Freedom of Information Act Request to get the missing messages. To date CREW has yet to receive a single document from OA based on FOIA request, which made on March 29, 2007. This despite that fact that OA agreed to expedite CREW's request the following month. Then on June 16, U.S. District Court Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly ruled that the Office of Administration "is not an agency subject to the FOIA" and granted the government's motion to dismiss CREW's request.
The CREW/National Security archives suits, which have been conjoined, haven't fared much better.
On March 18, 2008, Magistrate Judge John Facciola, hearing the suits in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, ordered EOP to show cause why it should not be required to make forensic copies of all computer hard drives and other storage media in the White House system including costs and burden of the copying process. Three days later Theresa Payton responded that most computers from the contested period had been replaced or -- if still in service would be difficult to track down. She also reveled that White House standard procedure included wiping out or destroying information on hard drives prior to decommissioning them or reissuing them to new staff.
The White House also claimed that it couldn't keep track of old hard drives because asset management for computer parts wasn't invented until sometime after 2005. Actually, author David Gewirtz notes that asset management for computer parts has been around since the early 1980s, and possibly earlier.
As for those hard drives that hadn't been destroyed, it would be extremely costly and time consuming for the White House to institute an email retrieval program that entailed pulling data off each individual work station, the White House said in a sworn declaration filed with Judge Facciola. The judge subsequently ordered EOP to provide more precise information about the costs of forensic copying to preserve emails.
Payton later confessed that the White House had no computer back-up tapes with data written before May 23, 2003, and that it couldn't track the history of individual hard drives within the White House system that might contain emails.
On July 29, Judge Facciola denied an EOP's motion to reconsider and upheld previous recommendations that the court order EOP to search and preserve e-mails from individual workstations and portable media but declined to order forensic copying of all relevant workstations. In other words, the White House didn't have to use forensic copying, or imaging, to and retrieve missing emails, thereby saving the taxpayers hundreds of thousands of dollars. Facciola noted in his decision that the use of forensic imaging to retrieve lost emails could run as much as $545,000 and take up to 1,600 hours.
"Time is running out," says Meredith Fuchs of The National Security Archive. "We have to do something now. Once the people in the White House dispense, the systems are taken out and the files are handed over to NARA. Their people aren't going to know how to analyze what's in them."
After January 2009, when a new president enters the White House, those files will begin gathering dust for 12 years in the National Archives. By the time they become public again, the brouhaha over missing emails will likely have long since been forgotten by everyone save, perhaps, a few historians who will be confronted with the daunting task of reconstructing a puzzle, the pieces of which may largely be lost or destroyed.
Forrester: 7 Trends That Will Shape The CIO Role
VMWare Bug Causes Major Headaches
http://mymediainc.net/the-team


text:
HomefeatureSri Lanka to open up Chinese-backed 'port city', offer tax breaks
Sri Lanka to open up Chinese-backed 'port city', offer tax breaks
The Rajapaksas have denied that such projects could become hidden debt traps
A mega Chinese real-estate development in Sri Lanka will open early next year offering tax concessions to attract investors and revive the struggling economy, the government said Tuesday in its first budget.
Colombo Port City — a $1.4 billion land reclamation project beside the capital's port which started in 2014 — has doubled the size of Sri Lanka's current financial district.
The development — the largest single foreign investment in Sri Lanka so far — is one of several massive Asian infrastructure projects funded by China as Beijing increases its footprint in the region.
With Sri Lanka's economy reeling from last year's Easter Sunday suicide bombings and the coronavirus pandemic and lockdowns, the recently elected government led by the Rajapaksa brothers is hoping the development will attract new investment to the country.
"I expect to present to parliament a new legal framework conducive to promote commercial services and investment in this Special Economic Zone in January," Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa, who is also the finance minister, told parliament in his budget address.
He said the Port City — an area of 269 hectares (665 acres) reclaimed from the Indian Ocean — will offer tax concessions to attract trade, banking and foreign exchange transactions.
He did not give further details.
"We believe that the Colombo Port City will become a prime choice for investors and business community due to the business and investor-friendly legal framework," he added.
The government is set to build roads and set up electricity and water supplies as it tries to attract commercial property developers.
Under Rajapaksa's leadership when he was president between 2005-15, Sri Lanka borrowed billions of dollars from China, accumulating a mountain of debt. Some of the infrastructure became white elephants.
The country had also handed a 99-year lease to China for its Hambantota deep-sea port because it could not repay loans to Beijing for the harbour in the island's south.
The Rajapaksas have denied that such projects could become hidden debt traps.
Sri Lanka's pandemic-hit economy is expected to contract by 5.5 percent this year, according to the Asian Development Bank.
Rajapaksa did not reveal a growth estimate in the budget but said he was hopeful of a 5.5 percent expansion next year.
International rating agencies have downgraded the country's credit worthiness as foreign reserves fell sharply. A fresh wave of lockdowns were introduced recently after a bout of new cases.
(Agencies )
Business feature

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Travelling in Kenya is not easy for people with a physical disability, but it's not impossible. Very few tourist companies and facilities are geared for travellers with disabilities, and those that are tend to be restricted to the expensive hotels and lodges. However, Kenyans are generally very accommodating and willing to offer whatever assistance they can. Visually or hearing-impaired travellers, though, will find it very hard to get by without an able-bodied companion.
In Nairobi, only the ex-London taxi cabs are spacious enough to accommodate a wheelchair, but some safari companies are accustomed to taking people with a disability out on safari.
Beach resorts Many of the top-end beach resorts on the coast have facilities for the disabled, whether it's a few token ramps or fully equipped rooms with handrails and bath tubs.
On safari Other places may have varying degrees of disabled access, but in Amboseli National Park, Ol Tukai Lodge has two accessible cottages, while in Lake Nakuru National Park, Lake Nakuru Lodge has a handful of accessible rooms.
Association for the Physically Disabled of Kenya Kenyan group that may be able to help visitors with a disability.
Society for Accessible Travel and Hospitality A good resource that gives advice on how to travel with a wheelchair, kidney disease, sight impairment or deafness. The website has a section called 'African Safaris' (type 'Kenya' into the search box).
Tourism for All (www.tourismforall.org.uk) Advice for disabled and less-mobile senior travellers.


text:
Upper Town is an unincorporated community in Mono County, California. It is located about  northeast of Bridgeport, at an elevation of 8061 feet (2457 m).

Upper Town was part of a string of towns established by Freemasons, others being Middle Town and Lower Town.

References

Unincorporated communities in California
Unincorporated communities in Mono County, California

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Replace dataframe null values with dictionary in Python I have a dataframe (really big) what have some null values and I can replaces them because there are two columns: Name and Weight, Name appears many times, sometimes with weight, sometimes not. This is a little example and what I tried for solve it.
First I created the dataframe:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

lst1 = ["AA","BB","CC","AA","BB","CC","AA","BB","CC"]
lst2 = [12,np.nan,14,12,15,14,np.nan,np.nan,14]
df = pd.DataFrame(list(zip(lst1,lst2)), columns = ['Name','Weight'])

Next I found the weight values for every name with a dictionary:
df_2 = df.groupby('Name')['Weight'].max()
dic = df_2.to_dict()

Finally I created a loop for replaces it all:
for k,v in dic:
  for i in range(len(df)):
    if df['Weight'][i] == None and k == df['Name'][i]:
      df['Weight'][i] = v
  else:
    print(df)

But it returns the same dataframe and I don't know what more doing.
I'll really thanks you if you could help me or give an advice. :)

A: Maybe you can fill the NaNs in .groupby:
df["Weight"] = df.groupby("Name", group_keys=False)["Weight"].apply(
    lambda x: x.fillna(x.max())
)
print(df)

Prints:
  Name  Weight
0   AA    12.0
1   BB    15.0
2   CC    14.0
3   AA    12.0
4   BB    15.0
5   CC    14.0
6   AA    12.0
7   BB    15.0
8   CC    14.0

OR:
x = df.groupby("Name")["Weight"].max()

df = df.set_index("Name")
df["Weight"] = df["Weight"].fillna(x)
df = df.reset_index()

print(df)

Prints:
  Name  Weight
0   AA    12.0
1   BB    15.0
2   CC    14.0
3   AA    12.0
4   BB    15.0
5   CC    14.0
6   AA    12.0
7   BB    15.0
8   CC    14.0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


After looking for a home for what seems like ages, you've finally found a home that fits your budget.
However, there's a catch: the home is being sold as-is.
On the one hand, the home represents an opportunity to acquire your dream home at an affordable price. On the other, that seemingly-affordable home might not be as affordable as you first thought once you start renovating it.
In short, there are pros and cons associated with buying a home in as-is condition. Here are a few to consider if you're thinking of making an as-is home purchase.
• There will be less competition. When a home needs work, there are typically fewer people interested in it, so chances are good that your offer may be the only one a vendor receives. And if the home has been on the market for a long time, they may well be more receptive to a lower (but still reasonable) offer.
• Freedom to design your dream home. In this sense, a dated/neglected home is essentially a blank slate. Old wallpaper can be removed, walls can be repainted, new fixtures can be installed and flooring can be updated. With a little elbow grease, you can customize the home to your exact tastes and needs.
• A chance to get into a desirable neighbourhood. Every now and then, the opportunity to buy a dated home in a prime neighbourhood presents itself. If you happen to be Johnny-on-the spot, you may be able to snag a solid but dated home in a great neighbourhood that costs significantly less than that move-in-ready marvel down the street.
• You are now a home owner. Granted, the home you've just bought will need a little (okay, a lot) of work to bring it up to speed. No matter; you are now a home owner, the king of your own castle. You now have equity — equity that will increase as you bring the home up to contemporary standards in the coming years.
• Ability to do renovations yourself. Provided you're handy, you can save thousands of dollars in labour by doing the renovations yourself. Not only that, but the renos will be truly custom!
• Unexpected costs. Bearing in mind that you've bought the home as-is, it could cost more — much more — than you expected to renovate the home. Consequently, it's a good idea to pad your renovation budget by 20 to 25 per cent. Doing that will account for any unexpected costs — costs that will inevitably arise once you open up a wall or decide to go for higher-end flooring.
• Labour costs. If you aren't a DIY expert on renovations, then you're going to have to hire someone to renovate the home for you. Not only is it more expensive to go this route, but you will also need to serve as a general contractor, coordinating trades and ordering in materials.
• Biting off more than you can chew. Because the home is in as-is condition —i.e., it needs a lot of work — there's a chance that the project could be far more complex than first anticipated. Work permits will need to be obtained, you'll have to be home for deliveries (and to supervise contractors) — and your home will be a dusty mess for weeks, possibly months.
• Renovating a home is stressful. Performing a makeover on a home requires time, money and a willingness to be displaced by all the chaos that comes with bringing a home up to speed. Are you willing to deal with all that stress for several months, a full year or longer?
If there's one key to successfully negotiating an as-is home purchase, it would be this: be prepared for challenges. Providing you go into the process knowing things won't be easy, you won't become frustrated and will enjoy the journey more.
Work with your REALTOR® who can provide expert advice on the "as-is" home, and help you with finding industry experts. With their expertise and industry connections, they can help you find your dream home.


text:
Q: GWTQuery live blur not working The following code attaches a new element with every subsequent click on the 2nd div. With each adding, the focus is set to the added element, so that it is ready for blur methods (I am setting the tabIndex attribute just for this purpose).
However, on clicking outside the new element, nothing happens, even though there should be a pop-up. Can anyone tell me what's wrong with this code?
    public void onModuleLoad() {
        VerticalPanel vert = new VerticalPanel();
        String foo = "
Foo
";
        $("#bodywrapper").append(foo);
        $("#bodywrapper").append("
Boo
");
        $("#boo").click(new Function() {
            public boolean f(Event e) {
//              Window.alert("foo");
                $("
Boo
").appendTo("#bodywrapper").focus();
                return true;
            }
        });
        $("#goo").live("blur", new Function() {
            public boolean f(Event e) {
                Window.alert("Foo");
                return true;
            }
        });
        RootPanel.get().add(vert);

      }
}

A: The blur and focus events don't work with event delegation (live or delegate methods) because they're not bubbling events. JQuery introduce the special events focusout and focusin for this purpose. But GwtQuery doesn't support them yet. Please open an issue there and they will be implemented


If you've wandered through my website and blog, you will probably recognize this beautiful woman. This is my sister Jodi and her husband Jayden.
This past week I got to meet my family up in Colorado and spend some time with them. Whenever we're together I try to make sure I get Jodi and Jayden some updated family photos if possible because they are a blast to shoot! So I asked if we could head up to The Monument which is one of my all time favorite places to explore and shoot at. I have shot a surprise proposal and I have shots our family photos here before my brother left on his mission to Alaska!
I loved the light we had this specific night. It's a little cloudy with the sun peeking through every couple minutes. As you can see it was stunning! I love Jodi's yellow dress. I felt like it was perfect for the backdrop we had. Little Myla-Jade is now two years old and I love her! She is so much fun to hang out with. MJ talks so much. I love seeing her be so talkative, especially for a two years old. I feel like I can have complete conversations with her.
I've honestly never been much of a baby person or a kid person in general. I usually avoid holding babies and kids and they were never a fan of me either. But when Myla-Jade first called me KeKe (that's now my aunt name) I was hooked! She was one of the first kids who actually would come up to me and want to me to hold her. It has always been so special to me.
This past summer we decided to make the fair a priority! We had went the year before, but it was for a very short afternoon so we decided this round to go for the majority of the afternoon.
One of my favorite fair foods is the Tiger's Ear which is basically a ginormous scone. It was my first time trying a bull's-eye burger which was absolutely amazing. I love going to the Blackfoot fair and looking through the art as well. I am from Cheyenne, Wyoming and in July there is Cheyenne Frontier Days which is a huge event. People come from all over the country to see the professional bull riding, evening concerts, amazing fair food, and of course the carnival. So I love the Blackfoot fair but I'm used to the go big or go home for fairs and carnivals since Cheyenne Frontier Days is the daddy of them all. So it was hard to compare the Blackfoot fair to it.
Tanner and Brittny went with us to the fair! We always love the positivity and these two give off. I sincerely look up to them! I wanted to have some fun so I got some cotton candy and told them to just flirt and we got these amazing shots of them just being themselves! Then they went and played one of the carnival games together and it was just too cute not to document!
Colorado is seriously one of my favorite places. It's where my mom's family is from and it seems to be a mutual place of meeting. I knew Jacob and I would be traveling there for Thanksgiving, so I started mentioning it to my sister in hopes that she and Jayden would join. And thank goodness they did because it gave us the chance to have one epic anniversary session on the Monument. After shooting Kaden + Keely's Proposal I knew Jodi and Jayden's Anniversary session had to be up there too. Surprisingly it was a chilly night when we shot so I was wrapped up in my dad's coat most the session.
Jodi purchased her dress from a boutique in Utah called Sew Trendy. Jodi said her customer service was AMAZING! She ended up adding some fabric to get the look Jodi wanted and she did it free of charge! And can we talk about how amazing this dress looks on Jodi?! Seriously, she is a model in anything she wears, but this has to be one of my favorite things next to her lace wedding dress.


4.7 million tons of garbage are generated daily by citizens all over the world. The question is: what happens with all of this waste? Is it separated properly? What is waste segregation? Waste segregation is the process of dividing garbage and waste products in an effort to reduce, reuse and recycle materials.
BAN ON FISHING ACTIVITIES TO TAKE EFFECT ON AUGUST 1ST, 2018.
POKUASE INTERCHANGE SET TO BEGIN TODAY.


TIXid is the leading movie ticket buying application in Indonesia. With TIXid, you can book movie tickets at your favorite Cinema 21 movie theaters at ease, quick and secure without any hassle.
Why choose TIXid to buy tickets?
1. Get movie tickets from the leading cinema network in Indonesia, CINEMA 21 without queuing up.
2. Check the latest movie showtimes, watch the latest movie trailers and instantly select your favorite best seat in real time.
3. FAST and SAFE payments using your DANA balance.
4. Track your cinema ticket purchase history.
5. A variety of exciting promotions that are given exclusively for you.
Hello TIX Hunters, for your convenience we have renewed our look with new account design, payment process page, & movie detail improvement to make sure you get more insights about the movie that you're about to watch.
As our highlight, you are invited to become our LoyalTIX member to collect points from activities you do inside TIX ID app. Get a lot of benefits by registering yourself as LoyalTIX member such as vouchers and many more to come!


Take a leisurely stroll through historic Downtown Dothan and experience Alabama's Mural City. Starting at the Wiregrass Museum of Art, make your way through our downtown streets with a self-guided tour. Feel free to enjoy our downtown shops and restaurants on your tour!


text:
Cluster bombs await returning citizens
One person has been killed and at least 12 others injured when cluster bombs exploded as Lebanese returned to their homes after the ceasefire announcement.
Some Lebanese showed their support for Hezbollah
An Israeli cluster bomb exploded in the southern village of Ansar on Monday, killing one person and wounding six, Lebanese police said.
Six people were also wounded, including a rescue worker, when another cluster bomb exploded in the Nabatiyeh area.
In a joint statement, the UN and the Lebanese government "urged the population to exercise extreme caution, due to the large quantities of unexploded artillery and mortar shells strewn across the countryside".
The UN's ceasefire resolution that was agreed on Saturday, calls on Israel to provide "all remaining maps of land mines in Lebanon in Israel's possession".
Israel laid more than 400,000 mines during its previous occupation of south Lebanon from 1978 to 2000.
The warning came as thousands of Lebanese headed home after the ceasefire began at 05:00 GMT (8am local time).
Huge traffic jams clogged roads leading out of the main port cities of Tyre and Sidon, as cars and pick-ups loaded with families and their belongings headed eastwards to their villages in the mountains.
Tractors tipped earth on bombed roads to open areas in the south which had suffered massive damage from Israeli air strikes.
Imad Ibrahim began his journey at exactly 8am and headed to his home village of Dweir.
"I am going alone to inspect our house in the village and see if this ceasefire stands. If all is fine, I will return to Sidon to bring back my family," he said.
Aid also began moving back towards southern Lebanon and the UN's World Food Programme said it sent 24 trucks of food and medicine towards Tyre from Beirut.
The Israeli army said it was maintaining a ban on unauthorised traffic in parts of south Lebanon, saying that it remained in force to prevent the movement of Hezbollah fighters, and that any vehicles on the roads risked attack.
SOURCE: Agencies


Superb semi detached townhouse in a highly sought after location within 3 minutes walk to the beach.South west facing with afternoon sun to be enjoyed from the 140m wraparound terraced garden.Wooden decking, built in barbecue and a lockup storage room in the garden.Spacious lounge with working fireplace and fitted kitchen on the lower level.Upstairs are 2 double bedrooms with a balcony off each one.Master bedroom has an en suite and there is another separate bathroom.Designated parking place plus additional guest parking outside the front of the property.One of the most stunning communal pool areas with open sea views down to Fuengirola. Excellent location for families as its close to the International school, shops and beaches.
2 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Built 110 m², Terrace 150 m², Garden/Plot 150 m².


Kservico Daet is a motorcycle sales related business located in Camarines Norte, Philippines. You can contact them on phone on 63 54 440 2210 or you can visit them at their address in Camarines Norte which is Stall 3 Karilagan Building, Moreno Street, Daet, Camarines Norte. Kservico Daet listed business activity is motorcycle sales.


text:
← Starman and Superman: The Final Night Titans West: Sound Decisions, Chapter 2: Liberation →
Titans West: Sound Decisions, Chapter 1: The Demonstration
"Okay, Dawn, let's take this all from the top," Hank Hall suggested. Seated around the shiny metallic conference table were five individuals dressed in their everyday clothes.
Next to the well-built young man with brown hair who ran the meeting sat the petite blonde, Dawn Granger. In just a few months, Dawn — in her new heroic role as Dove — had become the yin to Hank's heroic yang as Hawk. It was at her request that this emergency meeting of Titans West was called.
Across from her sat Charley Parker, a California surfer dude with long blond hair. His floral shirt worn open over a light green T-shirt was as far as one could get from the metallic winged armor he wore as the heroic Golden Eagle. His attention seemed focused on the young woman sitting next to him.
Arisia was the newest member at the table. The golden-skinned alien with short blonde hair and elfin ears was fairly comfortable in her role as a hero. Despite appearing to be only sixteen by Earth standards, she had served a number of years as a member of the Green Lantern Corps and still remained active with that group. She had worked with these Titans briefly before and had been excited to get an invitation from Charley to join their ranks. It felt good to be around those closer to her own age, others who wouldn't consider her still a kid.
At the far end of the table sat a black woman in her early twenties. Karen Beecher Duncan was the oldest at the table, slightly older than Hank. Still, having a full-time position as a researcher at San Francisco's STAR Labs, she came across to the group as the voice of experience and reason. The guys often jokingly referred to her as mom. As the Bumblebee, Karen worked with the others as a part-time heroine.
Her husband Mal Duncan was — in the identity of the Herald — the other full-time member of the Titans West. Mal had to excuse himself from the impromptu meeting to tend to business upstairs. The team's headquarters was, in fact, located in the hidden subbasement under the Gabriel's Horn nightclub. This being one of the nights that the club was open for business, the owner needed to be upstairs tending to his usual duties.
"Okay," Dawn began. "Let me give you what I know." And she began to unfold the events from earlier in the day.
"As you guys know, I had a physics exam this afternoon." Both Dawn and Hank were currently enrolled as underclassmen at the University of San Francisco. "When I finished, I had forgotten my purse underneath one of the tables. As I was about to return to the room to retrieve it, I saw a rather unusually dressed man heading toward the lab next to the classroom.
"It wasn't until I overheard him speaking with my professor, Andrei Szackas, that I realized why the man looked so familiar. My mother's a diplomatic courier, and she once had the opportunity to meet this man briefly. I recalled her description of his dress uniform — blue shirt with orange trim, blue boots, red pants, and a flowing cape. This is the exact outfit he wore today when I saw him.
"I slipped back into the classroom and listened from the lab adjacent to it. From the ajar door, I could distinctly hear that the man was indeed Bito Wladon, a patriotic citizen of Modora." Dawn noticed that the name didn't stir too much reaction from her friends. "But I think you all might know him better as Sonar, the sonic-weaponed criminal."
"Sonar!" Arisia exclaimed. "I've battled him before! Not long after a group of us Green Lanterns settled into our base in Encino, a group of super-villains attacked us. Included in the ranks were both Doctor Polaris and Sonar. (*) He sort of disappeared after that, and we hadn't heard anything more of him these last few months. He must have gone into hiding until the heat was off."
[(*) Editor's note: See "Setting Up Shop," Green Lantern Corps #201 (June, 1986).]
"Hmm… sounds like he's ready to surface again," Hank added.
"No doubt," Dawn continued. "He specifically came to the USF campus to talk with Professor Szackas, who is also of Modoran descent. As it turns out, Szackas has been doing some research in the area of nucleo-sonics and has developed some kind of armor prototype that works on those very principles. Sonar sounded very interested in the armor for possible military use in Modora."
"Like, where is Modora, anyway?" Charley asked. "I don't think I've ever heard of that country before today."
"Odds are you haven't," Karen explained. "I pulled up some info on a computer database regarding Modora, and there really wasn't a lot there. It's a small, postage-stamp nation with a population of slightly more than four hundred people, located in Eastern Europe just north of Czechoslovakia. No real major exports of any kind. The country sustains itself on farming and other simple industries. From an advancement perspective, one could easily consider it a Third World country. Barely a blip on the international radar. It was cut off decades ago by its ruler, Fando the Mad."
Arisia chimed in. "Green Lantern once told me that most of the press coverage pertaining to Modora over the years has been due to Sonar's actions. He seems very full of national pride, and his criminal actions are usually linked to that."
"Not only that," added Dawn, "but Professor Szackas referred to Sonar as his Emperor. From what I've been able to find of Green Lantern's past cases against Sonar, he had only ever been a citizen of Modora, which as Karen pointed out was led by Fando. In fact, he's been jailed in that country several times over the years. So I think there's a possibility that Sonar might be planning to take over Modora or maybe has already taken over recently. Of course, it's hard to know anything of what goes on in that country, since the news is so tightly controlled."
"What we do know is that Sonar hasn't been seen here in the U.S. since last year," said Karen. "But he was spotted leading the Modoran troops against the alien invaders during the alien invasion back in January and the Martian/Atlantean invasion in February. (*) It's possible that he's no longer considered a disgraced criminal but is now a hero or even Modora's new ruler, since Fando the Mad died around the same time."
[(*) Editor's note: See Captain Comet's Rehab Squad: Strange Visitors and Justice League of America: Between Sea and Sky.]
"So we've got us a little mouse who wants to roar," Hank concluded. "I'm guessing he wants this new sonic armor to do more than defend his little nation. I wouldn't be too surprised if he plans to go on the offensive and starts to stage his own attacks on his neighbors." Hank slammed his fist down on the table. "I say we round him up before he can even leave the U.S.!"
"Sounds good to me," Charley said. "He totally won't know what hit him. Right, Arisia?"
"Makes sense," the young girl said.
"So let's suit up and kick some Euro-trash butt!" Hank announced as he rose from his seat.
Karen stood up quickly, too. "Not so fast there, cowboy!"
"What's the problem, Karen?" Hank asked. "Did I forget something?"
Karen smiled at him. "Yes, you forgot your common sense. You're always ready to plunge fist-first into a situation without having all the facts."
The young man looked at her with confusion. "What facts am I missing? He's a known super-villain who wants to build up his army with a bunch of hi-tech armor. What else is there to know?"
Karen just shook her head. "For starters, do you know if there are any outstanding warrants against Sonar?"
Hank slightly licked his upper lip. He turned to Arisia, who merely shrugged her shoulders at him. "Uh…" was all he could manage to say.
Karen continued. "Has Professor Szackas performed any illegal acts with the prototype armor? Does a leading member of a nation have the right to approach another party regarding the defense of his country? What kind of agreement occurred between the two men? Has Sonar used coercion to obtain the armor from Szackas? Are you aware of any malicious intent that Sonar has for that armor?" She was sounding less like a scientist and more like a lawyer. Hank just kind of stared at her blankly.
Dawn chimed in. "We can't go starting an international incident until we're sure of these things. We have to handle this situation as diplomatically as possible."
Charley couldn't contain his laughter and blurted out, "Looks like they totally got you there, dude."
"Quiet, Parker!" Hank snapped. He looked first at Dawn and then at Karen. "Okay, okay, you're probably right. What do you ladies suggest we do?"
"Perhaps a little old-fashioned detective work?" Karen suggested.
The next morning and a good hour-and-a-half outside the city, a gray sedan made its way toward a recently abandoned limestone quarry. A nervous Andrei Szackas drove, sweat beads forming on his brow despite the air-conditioning being on high. In the passenger seat sat Bito Wladon, dressed as always in his Sonar uniform. "When will we arrive?" Sonar asked impatiently.
"In just a few moments, sire," Szackas answered as he turned off the main highway. "I assumed that you wanted a demonstration someplace more secluded, where we would not be observed or interrupted." The driver warily glanced at the other man, trying to gauge his reaction.
Sonar nodded slightly as he took in the surrounding scenery. "Yes, yes," said the patriotic Modoran ruler. "That was a good assumption on your part. I am just anxious to see the nucleo-sonic armor in action."
Szackas let out the breath he had been holding. "As am I," he said. "Uh… anxious to show you it, that is," he quickly added. Pulling the car off the dirt road, he parked it behind some brush, then got out of the car to retrieve the armor from the trunk. "It will only take me a few moments to put it on. Then we can continue."
Unknown to the two men, they were not alone at the quarry. Hidden in one of the recessed outcrops of the quarry walls, four individuals waited. One wore a golden armor with wings and had just joined the others. "I, like, made sure they didn't see me land," Golden Eagle said to the others. "There's no way that they could, like, have known I was tailing them from the moment they left the city."
"Get back to the shadows," Hank Hall suggested. "We don't want your armor glinting in the sun to draw their attention to us." The armored hero complied and stepped back to join Dawn Granger and Arisia.
"Based on the direction they were traveling, it was pretty easy for us to deduce they'd end up here," Dawn stated. "Arisia's ring was able to get the three of us here quickly so we could observe their actions." The ring-wielding teen nodded, glad that she was able to assist the others so easily.
"You're a regular Sherlock Holmes," Hank said. "Now we need to shush. I think I see them approaching the quarry." The four carefully watched from their hidden spot.
Andrei Szackas now wore a gray plastic and metal uniform with red boots and gloves. Its shoulders had a similar red chest and back plate with a red helmet attached to it. His facial features were slightly distorted by the tinted gray face-plate of the helmet. Szackas turned to Sonar. "Shall we proceed to the quarry floor?" he asked, his voice slightly distorted. There was a very low hum sound as the armor lifted Szackas off the ground.
Sonar smiled as he saw the suit had flight capabilities. "Of course — proceed." He took out a small weapon from the satchel attached to his belt, a pistol with a tuning-fork-like end. Using his traditional weapon, Sonar himself was able to take flight. The two descended to the floor below, Szackas landing with a slight jar. The Modoran ruler looked concerned as he touched down upon the limestone dust. "Is there a problem here?"
Szackas stammered a bit. "Uh, no, sir. The suit is operating just fine. I–" He paused for a moment. "I… am just not that accustomed to the flying, is all." The professor was still a bit nervous. "Shall we proceed with the demonstration?"
Sonar nodded. "By all means, continue."
Andrei Szackas continued by showing first the offensive capabilities. The armor was able to generate beams of pure sound waves, both with sweeping force and pinpoint accuracy. The professor showed these by first shearing a large portion of the quarry wall and then taking one of the fallen chucks to carefully carve a detailed pattern. He then demonstrated that the armor also amplified the wearer's strength as he lifted a boulder that weighed over a thousand pounds via telekinesis. With the armor, he was not only able to lift heavy objects but also throw them a great distance.
Sonar smiled throughout the entire presentation. The nucleo-sonic armor was capable of all that he had hoped for. Visions of conquest filled his thoughts. Finally, he clapped his hands together. "Most excellent! This will do nicely. Come, we must hurry back to your lab and gather your things. We will leave as soon as possible for Modora!" The two men flew back to the quarry edge to return to their car.
From their hiding spot, Golden Eagle switched off the long-range sensors in his helmet. "Did you guys, like, catch all that?"
Arisia used her power ring to remove the special headsets she had created for herself, Hank, and Dawn. "Every word of it," she said.
"Okay," Hank said. "They won't be getting to Modora until at least tomorrow. That gives us plenty of time for phase two of our investigation."
This entry was posted in Earth-1 on June 30, 2001 by 5earths.


My name is DEVYANI SINHA. I have completed my PGDM equivalent to MBA. I grew up in a Upper middle class, Joint family with Moderate.thinking. We belong to Bihar but presently staying in Delhi since last 7 years..My father is a gazetted officer in Ministry of Defence.
Hi I would like to introduce myself as a smart, intelligent, ambitious and a fun loving person. I have done my B. Tech from IIT( ISM Dhanbad) on full 4 yrs scholarship and am currently working with Govt. PSU in Ranchi and already admitted ISB Hyderabad and will be persuing mba From ISB Hyderabad(India'sBest mba)in year2019-20. In addition I have cleared FRM Level 1& all 3 levels of CFA curriculum and m a recipient of prestigious CFA scholarship. Apart from this i enjoy travelling, adventure sports,road trips making friends and love good food :) and watching movies. I am a a lil bit into fitness and yoga and have been working out regularly, seeking to sculpt a beautiful & healthy body. n yes i can strum a few stings on d guitar.
My name is Rakesh Chaudhary and I work as a Manager in Central bank of India (scale 2)and posted in Patna, Bihar. I have completed my M.Sc in physics. I have been raised up in a Middle Class, Joint Family with Traditional Values . I have three brothers , I am in middle . Both my brother are in defence services. My father is farmer and mother is housewife.i am simple person and searching for similar girl.
My son has completed his MBBS from a reputed government college and just completed his postgraduation MS(Orthopaedic) in July 2017 also from a renowned government college.
Joined as a probationary officer in UCO Bank in 2014. Currently working as Assistant Manager in the same organisation. I did my schooling till 10th from DAV Walmi, +2 from St. Dominic Savios patna and graduation from SMU. I am a fitness freak so i lead my life in a very disciplined manner. I love and respect nature and like travelling and always keen to explore places with natural beauty, also in my free time i use to meditate and mesmerise about the wonders of nature. About my nature, I am very open minded and love my freedom as well as respect others the way they lead there life. I am very optimistic and never let any negative ideas dominate me cauz i am a die hard believer of the theory of omnipotence and omnipresence of god and whatever positive or negative happens in my life i always treat it as a blessing of that supreme being, and never made any complaints or never keep any expectations. For me life is an adventure and i believe in enjoying every single moment of it.
My son's name is Rahul Ranjan.He has done schooling from DPS, Patna , BTech (EEE) from RV College Bangalore and M B A from Great Lakes, Chennai. Working as a Consultant in Deloitte Hyderabad. He grew up in an upper middle class, Nuclear family with Moderate values.I his father is an Advocate, practicing in Patna High Court ,his mother is a school teacher, his grand father Late Parashuram Prasad Singh was an IPS officer, Bihar Cadre. We his parents stay in Patna.We hail from village Lakhanchand ,Mokama.Rahul's younger brother is also B Tech (information Science) and is currently working with TCS Pune.
My name is Nikhil Gaurishankar and I am a psychiatrist and currently working at IHBAS , new delhi. my parents are doctors. mother gynaecologist and father a surgeon. my only sister is working in price water Cooper. I love travelling, playing football and basketball.
My Son name is Abhishek and He is working as a Sr. Software Professional in ADOBE System, Bangalore. Abhishek had completed B.Tech from IIT Delhi.. grew up in a Upper middle class, Joint family with Traditional values.


This Easy Apple Tart for One is my go-to dessert for FALL when I don't have much time to bake or just want to have a little something sweet that makes one or two servings. A scoop of vanilla ice cream to top it off is an absolute must!
Well friends, I'm happy to report that much-o progress-o has been made in the packing department over the past weekend. If you're not sure why I'm packing, see this post! We make the big move in two weeks, and between that time I've got a week of travel planned, so things are definitely getting down to the wire.
I have to say, my packing prowess has been on point this time around. I've moved residences 10 times in the past 9 years. Yes, you read that correctly and yeah, I know…..yikes. But this is the first time I've actually packed an entire house. It's been all apartments up until now. Packing a house is a whole different ball game – now that "adult" furniture is in the picture and now that we have "antiques" from grandparents, and more Christmas decor than two people should have. But, let's look on the bright side, it's a good opportunity to purge, downsize, and THANK YOU Facebook Marketplace. What a life saver when it comes to selling things. Craigslist, you better watch out!
In the midst of all the packing and planning the move, I've found myself craving fallish baked goodies but 1. Do not have time to make said goodies and 2. As of yesterday, all of my baking tools/supplies are packed away! And more then likely, they will not see the light of day until I move myself to TN in mid-November…just in time to prep for Thanksgiving! I have found a relief for my cravings, however, and that relief is in the form of an easy apple tart for one. Just me, myself, I, and dessert.
As you can imagine, this is very much a no-recipe recipe. We are taking a trip down easy street with store bought puff pastry dough and salted caramel sauce. The only thing homemade here is the cinnamon sugar mix for sprinkling on top of the apples….but I guess you could buy that pre-mixed and make things REALLY easy for yourself. And that's ok; easy is good. The point of this is to celebrate and enjoy the warm, crisp, sweet flavors of fall – preferably wrapped in a flaky, buttery crust!
What I love about this recipe is that you can use just a little square of puff pastry dough (I love Wewalka brand because it's trans fat-free and isn't frozen) and several slices of thinly sliced apple to make one serving. OR you can use the whole package of dough to make 12 servings. It's versatile and simple, but has maximum impact with flavor, texture, and appearance. When it comes to store-bought caramel, Smucker's Simple Delight Salted Caramel Topping is my favorite because it is made with REAL cream, butter, and brown sugar – no HFCS here. And everything comes together in a snap!
If you like small-batch dessert recipes, check out this Apple Crisp for Two, or Single-Serving Mason Jar Pumpkin Cake!
You can use these ingredients to make 1-12 single serving apple tarts - make it to suite your needs!
Cut a square out of a puff pastry sheet (should be 1/12 of the sheet for one serving). Use your fingers to gently stretch it out a bit. Brush the egg and water mixture onto the dough (Reserve the remaining egg to use for breakfast in the morning (but throw it out after a day).
Slice 1/2 of a medium apple into thin wedges, about 1/8'' thick. Place them on the square of puff pastry, leaving about 1/2'' border around the apple. Combine the sugar and cinnamon and sprinkle on top of the apple.
Bake for 18-20 minutes until crisp and golden brown. Serve with a drizzle of warm caramel and a scoop of vanilla ice cream.
To make 12 tartlets, just use the whole package of puff pastry and more of the other ingredients - you will likely need 2 whole apples.
Did you make this Easy Apple Tart for One? If so, I'd love to hear how it turned out for you! Leave a comment below or tag a picture on Insta or Twitter with @SweetCayenne5.
Sign up for my weekly newsletter and get exclusive content (like menus, cooking downloads, and more!), blog recaps, and a chance to connect or be featured!
Many of the links in my posts are affiliate links, which means I can get a small commission for any click or purchases made through the links. This happens at no extra cost to you and helps pay my costs associated with maintaining and creating content for Sweet Cayenne. Thank you for support!
With chef-tested and dietitian-approved recipes, my goals is to give you the tools and knowledge needed to enjoy your food and have confidence in the kitchen!
Free cookbook and menu planners!
Subscribe to my weekly newsletter for exclusive content, updates, and freebies!


text:
As veias intercostais anteriores são veias do tórax.

Veias


The ABS unit is required to be checked for a possible foreign particle, which may become trapped in either the inlet or the outlet valve.
If the defect occurs, the ABS function may not operate effectively, which may cause the front and/or rear wheel to lock up unexpectedly. The defect poses a hazard to the driver and other road users.
A letter will be sent to affected owners. Consumers can contact their local Kawasaki Motorcycle dealership and book their motorcycle in to be checked and repaired if necessary.


text:
COLE CUSTER – 2017 Pocono I Race Advance
NASCAR XFINITY Series Overview
Event: Pocono Green 250 (Round 12 of 33)
Location: Pocono (Pa.) Raceway
Layout: 2.5-mile triangle
Cole Custer Notes of Interest
The Pocono Green 250 will mark Cole Custer's 16th career NASCAR XFINITY Series start and his first XFINITY Series start at Pocono (Pa.) Raceway.
Custer is looking to be the highest-finishing XFINITY Series regular and winner of the Rookie of the Race award for the third race in a row in the Pocono Green 250. He comes into Pocono fresh of a fourth-place finish last Saturday at Dover (Del.) International Speedway, which equaled his career-best XFINITY Series finish. It was his sixth top-10 and third top-five finish in 16 career XFINITY Series starts. Custer has earned four top-10s and two top-fives in the 2017 XFINITY series season.
Despite the Pocono Green 250 being Custer's first XFINITY Series start at Pocono, he is no stranger to victory lane at the 2.5-mile triangle. He won the 2015 ARCA race at the "Tricky Triangle" after leading the final 18 laps.
In three combined starts at Pocono – one in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series and two in the ARCA Series – Custer has one win, two top-five finishes and 18 laps led.
Custer is third in the XFINITY Series Rookie of the Year standings, 18 points behind leader William Byron and six points behind second-place Daniel Hemric.
Custer is tied with Byron for the most Rookie of the Race awards with four this season. Rookie of the Race awards are given to the highest-finishing XFINITY Series rookie at each respective track.
Custer is 10th in the NASCAR XFINITY Series driver standings, 133 points behind series leader Elliot Sadler.
Custer's best qualifying effort in the 11 XFINITY Series races run this season is third, earned in the seventh race of the season April 22 at Bristol (Tenn.) Motor Speedway. Custer has five top-10 starts and two top-five starts this season.
Cole Custer, Driver Q&A
What was it like to get an ARCA Series win at Pocono in 2015?
"It's awesome to win at Pocono because it's such a unique track. Everybody wants to win there because of the history behind it and how unique it is. Winning there in 2015 definitely gives me some confidence going into the weekend."
What is so tricky about the "Tricky Triangle?"
"It's tough to figure out those three turns. A lot of times you'll be better on one end than the other. It's a kind of a tough track because you're carrying so much speed going into a couple of the corners and they're pretty much dead flat. You have to figure out how to use your brakes and max your speed going through those corners without sliding up the track. It's just tough to figure out the flat corners."
What are your expectations for the Pocono Green 250?
"Well, our strong suit this year has been the larger tracks. Although I've run well there before, I wouldn't say it's my absolute best track, but I think our Haas Automation team has been putting together great Ford Mustangs at these larger tracks. I think we'll have another fast Haas Automation Ford this weekend."
You're competing for your third consecutive highest-finishing XFINITY Series regular driver and rookie awards. What are your thoughts on racing with regular Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series drivers each week?
"I think we need to race against the Cup drivers because it just makes us better. You need them around to learn from. I think the one thing they did that's really smart is to limit their races. Limiting races is probably the best thing they can do because it helps showcase the XFINITY guys a little more. I think they're on the right track with that."
Jeff Meendering, Crew Chief Q&A
What are your thoughts on racing at Pocono, where Custer has an ARCA Series win?
"Pocono is a very unique track with its three corners. Turn one is similar to an intermediate style track, turn two is similar to a road course and turn three is a long, sweeping flat track that would be more like an Indy setup. Unfortunately, you can't have three different setups for each corner, so you have to make that compromise between all of them. It definitely makes that track hard to set up for."
Author Kellye ArningPosted on June 8, 2017 Categories Pre-Race Reports
DANICA PATRICK – 2017 Pocono I Race Advance
COLE CUSTER – 2017 Pocono I Race Report


FREE ground shipping on select items at Dartboards.com!
You may contact them with any questions via email or toll-free number.
Guarantees their prices are the lowest you will find anywhere, but if you find one lower elsewhere, they'll match it at the time of your purchase because they want you as their customer.
They will stand behind their products for one full year from the date of purchase. They will gladly replace any defective item at no charge.
They want you to be completely satisfied with your purchase. If you're not, please contact them to return or exchange the item within 30 days of receipt of your purchase.
Free ground shipping or extremely low shipping on almost every product they sell. They also offer Quick Shipping on almost every product they sell.
You never have to worry about credit card safety. They guarantee that every transaction you make with them will be safe.
You may track your order so you know where it is at all times.


text:
Peru continues its mining renaissance
By Charles Bond, . Feb 22, 2018, 10:36AM
Positive developments in mining are a key feature of the market in Peru with the consecutive appointments of a number of mines ministers since 2016 with the previous deputy energy minister, Ángela Grossheim being the latest to take the role.
On the back of the copper price increase last year, projects that had been stalled for some time will be get the green light. This is likely to spark further investment and ensure the sector continues to flourish in Peru throughout 2018. Investment in mining projects is likely to exceed US$3,900 million dollars, and exploration will reach around US$ 500 million.
Having recently attended the Latin American Mining and Investment conference in Peru, we can personally attest to this – on the back of a general global resurgence in mining, this is no more obvious Latin American territory than Peru, which has a very strong copper base, one of the essential minerals for the new generation of energy and battery applications, as well as being very strong on zinc and other base and precious metals. There are clearly deals going on with former mines being dusted down and a renewed vigour in the industry, led by a new mining minister who is trying to facilitate the permitting business in country on an ongoing basis.
Southern Copper Corporation wins tender for Peru Michiquillay copper project
9 of the major players in the Peruvian mining industry
Key political appointment marks a new renaissance for Peruvian mining
It is vital that investors do not think too narrowly about potential prospects, so by just going working with the most recognisable brands for example. There has been a significant rise in new entrants as the Peruvian market has turned around. A mixture of investments with this class, as well as the more traditional players, is, therefore, the approach likely to net the most return – while there is an unknown quantity attached with new entrants, this can go either way so is worth taking considered risks.
What is key is to recognize that the level and type of demand coming from macroeconomic forces has shifted considerably in Peru which allows more variety into investment choices and provides an opportunity to being ahead of the wave and benefitting from becoming part of a leading mining jurisdiction.
Charles Bond, partner, Gowling WLG
PeruCopper
Minsur to begin construction of $1.6 billion Mina Justa copper project in Peru
A multi-billion-dollar copper mine in Peru has taken a big step closer to production.
Minsur has announced this week that it will begin construction at its $1.6 billion Mina Justa copper project.
The company is targeting a production start date in 2020/2021, with output expected to
A multi-billion-dollar copper mine in Peru has taken a big step… Read more
PeruCopperChina
Chinalco to begin $1.3 billion expansion of Toromocho copper mine in Peru
The largest state owned aluminium company in China has officially started work on a multi-billion dollar expansion of one of its' copper projects.
Chinalco has announced that it has started work on a $1.3 billion expansion of its Toromocho copper mine in Peru.
In a ceremony at the
The largest state owned aluminium company in China has officially… Read more
CopperPeru
Minsur to secure $900 million for $1.6 billion construction of Mina Justa copper project
A Peruvian mining company is expecting to secure a major financing investment to begin the construction of a multi-billion-dollar copper mine.
Minsur has revealed that it is expecting to secure between $800 million to $900 million in financing from a group of multinational banks from German, Canada, Australia and South Korea to
A Peruvian mining company is expecting to secure a major financing… Read more


The largest size of picture 7513×5011 pixels, you can download with JPG format. This picture was shooting by Sony Ilce-7rm2 camera with shooting mode Zeiss Vario-Tessar T* FE 24-70 mm F4 ZA OSS (SEL24 - 51.0mm · ƒ/4.0 · 1/400s · ISO 400. Stored in the category "Food/Drink" and our moderator was tagged: Pizza, Food, Meat, Bacon, Food Photo, Dough, Tomato.


text:
Mohammad Rizwan surpasses Suryakumar Yadav in a T20I record
by Zainab Shafiq | 14 Oct 2022
Seems like the T20I record book will soon be led by Pakistan's wicketkeeping batter Mohammad Rizwan. He has been on the verge of achieving and surpassing various records. Recently, Pakistani batting delight has surpassed India's Suryakumar Yadav to become the highest run-maker of the calendar year.
With a 29-ball 34 in the final of the New Zealand tri-series 2022, the right-handed batter has amassed 821 runs in 2022 in his 18th T20I inning. Whereas Yadav is now one spot below Rizwan, having 801 T20I runs in 23 innings of the shortest format.
The two batters are competing on the ICC rankings for batters in the format, as Yadav is just one slot behind Rizwan, with a small gap of 15 ratings. Pakistani batter enjoys the title of the World's number 1 T20I batter, whereas Yadav sits in second place.
The two batters will now see each other in their team's opener of the T20 World Cup 2022, scheduled against each other on October 24th at the iconic Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG).
West Indies tour of Pakistan 2023 likely to be postponed
Cricket's Olympic push: ICC Proposes T20 for 2028 Los Angeles Games
Pak vs Ind likely to be affected by rain
Asia Cup 2022 winners collapse in first match of T20 World Cup 2022
Massive changes in Pakistan's T20 World Cup 2022 squad
T20 World Cup 2022: BCCI names Jasprit Bumrah's replacement
ACB suffers worst-ever financial crisis
Shaheen Shah Afridi all set to join national team
ICC announces player of the month for September 2022
T20 World Cup 2022: Will Shaheen Shah Afridi play team's opener against Ind...
T20 World Cup 2022: Will Shaheen Shah Afridi play team's opener against India?...


Is it correct way of marketing?
Our editorial team came across this marketing ploy by Rock Grills Restaurant . We are not sure whether it is the right marketing strategy. The owner is not a Muslim. I have met the owner.
The person in charge of Rock Grills Restaurant Facebook Page shared the following from LavaStone Steakhouse on 2 October 2015. LavaStone Steakhouse is not certified Halal by MUIS.
Rock Grills Restaurant is certified Halal by MUIS.
He mentioned that he can see the word 'Allah' on his steak. See below.
He also commented with the word 'Allah'.
We are not sure whether this marketing strategy is correct. In the name of business, is the owner taking advantage of a faith?


For Artisti di Taglia, art is that inner drive deep in all our hearts that, if given free rein, generates wellbeing, creativity, beauty, enthusiasm, economic and social development and, above all, new life.
Artisti di Taglia was born from the desire of a group of international artists, entrepreneurs, associations, media players and internationalisation experts to promote fine Italian products and services throughout Italy and worldwide.
We promote our area's outstanding goods, services, ideas, initiatives, artistic creations and cultural events Italy-wide and across the globe. To do this, we share know-how by bringing together tradition and innovation to create real opportunities for mutual growth.
We are committed to developing a new economy that does not lose sight of its origins but puts them centre stage and looks to the future with fresh verve and a determination to take responsibility for local development.
This is Artisti di Taglia's added value: it is not about money alone but a sharing process that creates real development opportunities. Our goal is wellbeing for the many, generating real lasting wealth to enrich our society.
Artisti di Taglia puts people, art and work at the heart of everything we do. That's why our priorities are respect for the individual, working together and excellent product and service quality.
To us, it means creating strong relationships and nurturing them wisely for lasting results, not just an immediate give and take. We aim to create long-term relationships based on trust with and among the players in our local economy.
This, for Artisti di Taglia, is "Italian-style networking" – operating as a team to overcome our fears in an exchange of expertise for the common good.


Central York manager Mike Valencik might have worn out a path walking back and forth from the dugout to the mound Friday.
Valencik sent four pitchers to the mound in five innings with none finding much more success than the one before him.
Valencik and the Panthers knew coming into the season that pitching would be the main concern, and Friday's 15-3 season-opening loss to Waynesboro in five innings may have been a small glimpse of that. Central's four pitchers combined to give up 14 hits, 15 runs and five walks in five innings. Granted, eight of those runs were unearned resulting from three errors, mostly caused by the blustery conditions, but it still wasn't the way Central wanted to open the 2016 season.
"Our starter threw well, but things didn't go so well after that," Valencik said. "I'm beating a dead horse, but pitching is everything. We had three critical errors and they had nine unearned runs. If you don't pitch and you have the errors, what are you going to do? You can't recover sometimes from that."
The Indians put up two runs in the first inning, but they really usurped the momentum in the second. With two outs and two runners on, Cody Cline hit a lazy fly ball to left field that drifted in the wind and eventually bounced off the glove of Central left fielder Ben Ward. Instead of the inning ending with Central down 2-1, the error extended the inning and allowed Waynesboro to tack on four more runs.
"If we make that play in left, I think we're winning," Valencik said ."You look at the scoreboard now and we're not winning now."
Waynesboro sent 13 batters to the plate and added nine runs in the fifth inning to induce the 10-run rule. The Indians tagged left-handers Brendyn Martin and Brady Abel for four hits and six runs without either recording an out, then scored three more on Kevin Ehrman.
"We need to hit the outside and hit our spots better," Central catcher Joe Kroeger said. "We left a lot out over the plate and that's why they were driving the ball. ... And we didn't hit as well as we should've either. But it's lessons learned."
The Panthers can take some positives out of Friday's loss. Besides the four unearned runs, starter Beau Burris flashed some potential. And the offense took several counts deep, drew four walks and made good contact including a Sandy Paulino double and an Elzir Stroman double to deep right back-to-back in the first.
"There were some positives believe it or not," Valencik said. "We're try to enhance on them and not focus too much on the negatives. But it has to be addressed and the kids have to play better. You have to make the easy plays. ... We'll get better."
WB, Kyle Hoffman. CY, Beau Burris, Brendyn Martin (4), Brady Abel (5), Kevin Ehrman (5).
SO-BB — WB, Hoffman 3-4; CY, Burris 1-2, Martin 0-2, Abel 0-0, Ehrman 0-1 W — Hoffman; L — Burris; 2B — WB, Hoffman, Bubba Hamilton; CY, Elzir Stroman 3B — CY, Sandy Paulino.