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Hydrangea paniculata Sieb.
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Article from Bean's Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles
Bean's Trees and Shrubs
A deciduous shrub, sometimes tree-like, and 12 to 20 ft high; young shoots at first downy, becoming glabrous. Leaves often in threes, oval or ovate, tapered at both ends, or rounded at the base, toothed; 3 to 6 in. long, 11⁄2 to 3 in. wide, with scattered, flat, bristly hairs above, and pale bristles on the veins beneath; stalk 1⁄2 to 1 in. long. Panicles pyramidal, varying in size according to the strength of the shoot, usually 6 to 8 in. long, two-thirds as wide at the base. A few of the outermost flowers sterile, 3⁄4 to 11⁄4 in. wide, white changing to purple-pink; the small fertile flowers yellowish white; flower-stalks downy.
Native of Japan, Sakhalin, and of eastern and southern China. It was introduced in 1861, but the normal wild form, in which the inflorescences are sparsely furnished with ray-flowers, has never been common in cultivation. The flowering branch figured in the Botanical Magazine is from a plant growing in Captain Collingwood Ingram's garden at Benenden, Kent, originally collected by him as a seedling on Aso-san, a volcano in Kyushu. This specimen was received at Kew in July and it appears to be in this month and in August that it normally flowers in cultivation. The species appears to be variable in habit in the wild. Sargent saw it as a tree 25 to 30 ft high in central Hokkaido, but Siebold described it as a lax shrub up to 6 ft high. It is also variable in foliage; the leaves on the Benenden plant are glabrous and glossy above and long-acuminate at the apex – hence very different in appearance from those of the cultivars.
cv. 'Floribunda'. – Ray-flowers more numerous than in thenormal form, but not so numerous as to conceal the fertile flowers. Sepals of ray-flowers 5⁄8 to 3⁄4 in. long, mostly broad-elliptic to rounded, four or five in number, overlapping. A beautiful hydrangea, flowering end July into September. Award of Merit 1953. It agrees well with the plant described by Regel under the name H. p. var.floribunda and figured in Gartenflora, Vol. 16 (1867), t. 530. The hydrangea figured in Gardeners' Chronicle, Dec. 5, 1925, facing page 448, as H. paniculata simply, appears to be 'Floribunda'.
cv. 'Grandiflora'. – A form introduced from Japan about 1870, in which all, or nearly all, the flowers are sterile and large, forming a closely packed pyramid of blossom at first white then purplish pink, finally brown This variety is undoubtedly the most showy of hydrangeas in localities where the hortensias cannot be grown. To obtain it at its best, it should be planted in good loamy soil, rich, but not too stiff. The shoots should be pruned back in spring before growth recommences, and after the young shoots are a few inches long the weakest should be removed. If very large panicles are desired the shoots may be reduced to six or ten on plants 1 to 2 ft high – more for larger plants. A mulching of rotted manure should be given when growth is well started. Such treatment will produce panicles 18 in. high, and 12 in. through at the base. The typical form may be treated in the same way. To many people's taste these monstrous panicles may be objectionable, and to my mind a bush moderately thinned, or not at all, is more elegant and pleasing. Hard pruning and thinning tends to shorten the life of these plants.
cv. 'Praecox'. – A vigorous erect shrub growing quickly to about 8 ft or more in height. Inflorescences with a few ray-flowers at the base, the upper part much congested and bearing only fertile flowers; they also tend to be asymmetrically flattened. Sepals of ray-flowers four, about 1 in. long, elliptic to ovate, subacute, scarcely overlapping. This cultivar starts to flower about mid-July or even slightly earlier, i.e., about six weeks before 'Grandiflora'. Award of Merit July 17, 1956. It was raised at the Arnold Arboretum from seeds collected by Prof. Sargent in the northern island of Japan (Hokkaido) in 1893.
cv. 'Tardiva'. – The plant received by M. Haworth-Booth from Chenault's nurseries under the name H. p. tardiva is distinguished by its very late flowering (September or even early October). It bears some resemblance to 'Floribunda' but the ray-flowers are less numerous and smaller, the sepals being 1⁄2 to 3⁄4 in. long and mostly four in number (commonly five in 'Floribunda').
'Hydrangea paniculata' from the website Trees and Shrubs Online (treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/hydrangea/hydrangea-paniculata/). Accessed 2020-01-20.
Infraspecifics
Hydrangea paniculata 'Floribunda'
Hydrangea paniculata 'Grandiflora'
Hydrangea paniculata 'Praecox'
Hydrangea paniculata 'Tardiva'
Other species in genus
Hydrangea anomala
Hydrangea arborescens
Hydrangea heteromalla
Hydrangea involucrata
Hydrangea longipes
Hydrangea sargentiana
Hydrangea scandens
Hydrangea serrata
Hydrangea serratifolia
acuminate
Narrowing gradually to a point.
(pl. apices) Tip. apical At the apex.
glabrous
Lacking hairs smooth. glabrescent Becoming hairless.
Loose or open.
ovate
Egg-shaped; broadest towards the stem.
There are currently no active references in this article.
'Floribunda'
Ray-flowers more numerous than in thenormal form, but not so numerous as to conceal the fertile flowers. Sepals of ray-flowers {5/8} to {3/4} in. long, mostly broad-elliptic to rounded, four or five in number, overlapping. A beautiful hydrangea, flowering end July into September. Award of Merit 1953. It agrees well with the plant described by Regel under the name H. p. var.floribunda and figured in Gartenflora, Vol. 16 (1867), t. 530. The hydrangea figured in Gardeners' Chronicle, Dec. 5, 1925, facing page 448, as H. paniculata simply, appears to be 'Floribunda'.
'Grandiflora'
A form introduced from Japan about 1870, in which all, or nearly all, the flowers are sterile and large, forming a closely packed pyramid of blossom at first white then purplish pink, finally brown This variety is undoubtedly the most showy of hydrangeas in localities where the hortensias cannot be grown. To obtain it at its best, it should be planted in good loamy soil, rich, but not too stiff. The shoots should be pruned back in spring before growth recommences, and after the young shoots are a few inches long the weakest should be removed. If very large panicles are desired the shoots may be reduced to six or ten on plants 1 to 2 ft high – more for larger plants. A mulching of rotted manure should be given when growth is well started. Such treatment will produce panicles 18 in. high, and 12 in. through at the base. The typical form may be treated in the same way. To many people's taste these monstrous panicles may be objectionable, and to my mind a bush moderately thinned, or not at all, is more elegant and pleasing. Hard pruning and thinning tends to shorten the life of these plants.
'Praecox'
A vigorous erect shrub growing quickly to about 8 ft or more in height. Inflorescences with a few ray-flowers at the base, the upper part much congested and bearing only fertile flowers; they also tend to be asymmetrically flattened. Sepals of ray-flowers four, about 1 in. long, elliptic to ovate, subacute, scarcely overlapping. This cultivar starts to flower about mid-July or even slightly earlier, i.e., about six weeks before 'Grandiflora'. Award of Merit July 17, 1956. It was raised at the Arnold Arboretum from seeds collected by Prof. Sargent in the northern island of Japan (Hokkaido) in 1893.
'Tardiva'
The plant received by M. Haworth-Booth from Chenault's nurseries under the name H. p. tardiva is distinguished by its very late flowering (September or even early October). It bears some resemblance to 'Floribunda' but the ray-flowers are less numerous and smaller, the sepals being {1/2} to {3/4} in. long and mostly four in number (commonly five in 'Floribunda').
A site produced by the International Dendrology Society.
To contact the editors: info@treesandshrubsonline.org.


Q 1: Are models born or made?
Q 2: What are the different modelling categories?
Q 3: So, how do I find out if I have modelling potential?
Q 4: Are there height restrictions to becoming a model?
Q 5: What is a Z-card?
Q 6: What is a portfolio?
Q 7: How do I get Z-cards and portfolios?
Q 8: What is a casting?
Q 9: What is a call back?
Q 10: What is a wardrobe call?
Q 11: Is there a standard commission rate that the agency takes from your earnings?
Q 12: Do I have to pay tax?
Q 13: What comes after genetics?
Rule number one: always be on time.
Rule number two: know how to give the emotional expression that you need to, on cue.
Rule number three: be consistent - don't come as a different personality each time you're on a shoot. People always need to know what they can expect from you.
Rule number four: always give of your best as you never know who might see the results.
Rule number five: let your fantastic personality, energy and vitality shine through so that they remember you and want to work with you again.
The modelling industry is very competitive. There are hundreds of 'pretty faces'. You need to make yourself stand out by being something more - a great personality; a person full of vitality, energy and confidence. If you learn to cultivate this attitude, it will also shine through your work.
And lastly, don't get discouraged. Someone, somewhere is going to want your 'look'. The main purpose of your job as a model is to advertise products, and these products need to be advertised to the vast majority of 'ordinary' people out there. Advertisers aren't always looking for the perfect body or hair. So whilst it's important to eat healthily, exercise and look after your skin, these are things that you can always work on. In the meantime, find your little niche and be confident that you've got what it takes to make it work!


Formed in September 1991 with the acquisition of D.G. Hodgson & Co. and Charles D. Griffin & Associates, the two premiere appraisal companies on Guam with experience throughout the region dating back to 1970. Among our assets are the market data and analysis of over 30 years of continuous appraisal practice in Micronesia.
We have staffing of 12 in three offices (Guam, Saipan and Palau). The Guam office has staffing of 8; of our six appraisers, three are general certified. The Saipan office has two licensed appraisers. We conduct appraisals throughout the Western Pacific, including Guam, CNMI, Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands and Samoa. Clients use our services for financing, decision making regarding buying or selling, lease negotiations or re-negotiations, probate, estate and taxation issues, litigation support, and insurable replacement value.
We conduct over 1200 appraisals per year, the majority on Guam. Property types appraised include: residential, commercial, industrial, vacant land, hotel and special purpose properties including golf courses and tourist destinations. Our work product is accepted by all lenders in the region, and our clients include governments and private parties.


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Q: Writing to an IO stream in Ruby instead of sanitizing user input and sending to the shell? I was just reading a blog post about sanitizing user input in Ruby before sending it to the command line. The author's conclusion was: don't send user input it to the command line in the first place.
In creating a contact form, he said he learned that

What I should do instead is open a
  pipe to the mail command as an IO
  stream and just write to it like any
  other file handle.

This is the code he used:
open( %Q{| mail -s "#{subject}" "#{recipient}" }, 'w' ) do |msg|
  msg << body
end

(I actually added the quotes around recipient - they're needed, right?)
I don't quite understand how this works. Could anybody walk me through it?

A: OK, I'll explain it with the caveat that I don't think it's the best way to accomplish that task (see comments to your question).
open() with a pipe/vertical bar as the first character will spawn a shell, execute the command, and pass your input into the command through a unix-style pipe. For example the unix command cat file.txt | sort will send the contents of the file to the sort command. Similarly, open("| sort", 'w') {|cmd| cmd << file} will take the content of the file variable and send it to sort. (The 'w' means it is opened for writing).
The %Q() is an alternate way to quote a Ruby string. This way it doesn't interfere with literal quote characters in the string which can result in ugly escaping. So the mail -s command is being executed with a subject and a recipient.
Quotes are needed around the subject, because the mail command will be interpreted by the shell, and arguments are separated by spaces, so if you want spaces in an argument, you surround it with quotes. Since the -s argument is for the subject, it needs to be in quotes because it will likely contain spaces. On the other hand, the recipient is an email address and email addresses don't contain spaces, so they're not necessary.
The block is providing the piped input to the command. Everything you add to the block variable (in this case msg) is sent into the pipe. Thus the email body is being appended (via the << operator) to the message, and therefore piped to the mail command. The unix equivalent is something like this: cat body.txt | mail -s "subject" recipient@a.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Our TFS courses are designed in certain method where participants can get benefits with more content in less span of time. This course is intended for experienced administrators with a background in either software development or system administration. Team leaders, lead developers, and other accidental Team Foundation Server administrators are also encouraged to take this course. This course will also help a student prepare for the relevant Microsoft certification exam.
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Our carbon footprint, which has been independently reviewed according to life cycle stages and taking into consideration the individual raw materials used in production, was assessed as 263.87tCO2e in 2010.


text:
/ GAMING
Rage 2 to Have Multiplayer, According to Job Post
By Liana 'LiLi' Ruppert - May 25, 2018 09:22 am EDT
Bethesda through everyone a curveball when they announced that Rage 2 would be coming afterall, even more so that the reveal came shortly before E3. With Avalanche Studio and id Software working hand-in-hand on the new game, the Borderlands-esque sequel looks to offer what the first title didn't. Apparently, it might also include multiplayer, at least that's what it looks like from a recent job listing on the site.
According to a new listing that showed up for Avalanche Studios, the company is looking for a senior multiplayer programmer to "lead the multiplayer development of our newest open world / sandbox multiplayer game." The listing also mentions it's not just one title that they are looking for concerning this hire-able position, "We have a long history of creating some of the most immersive, playful and procedural game worlds in the industry. With our next set of titles we are bringing these worlds to life in multiplayer environments and this is where You come in."
The listing added, "You will work within a smaller and tight cross-discipline team implementing, extending and supporting game modes and other features for both the single player and multiplayer parts of the game. As with most multiplayer development, a keen sense of fun gameplay and that 6th sense for what gives the perfect "feeling" are both key aspects for this role."
An interesting addition, if this is for Rage 2. The thought of multiplayer had been previously rumored, but if their previous statement that the game will have zero lootboxes - this will be a refreshing revamp of a dying trend.
With Avalanche Studios working in tandem with id Software, many were wondering if the collaboration effort would affect the first person shooter in more monetisable ways. Luckily, Id Software studio director Tim Willits was willing to step up to the plate and face those concerns head one with some pretty good news for those strictly in the "no loot boxes" camp. Willits cheekily told Game Star, "We have this novel approach: You buy the game and then you play it."
He also added that though Avalanche has been brought on to tackle the scope of open world, that it won't overshadow Id's participation with the gameplay experience stating, "It has never been such a 'develop a game and then show it to us' opportunity between us." The game has always been a collaborative project, featuring "id-like first-person shooter action. And at Avalanche is the Open World expertise."
The studio head also noted that they are definitely approaching this title in terms of longevity and one of the ways they hope to achieve that is post-launch content to make it more fun. "We at id and Bethesda have always loved the Rage world and the basic idea of the game. And then there was the opportunity to work with Avalanche and with it the opportunity to do what we always wanted to do."
New Nintendo Switch Patent Reveals Big Feature May Be Coming to Joy-Cons
Mythic Quest: Raven's Banquet Renewed for Season 2
The Witcher Stunt Coordinator Built His Own Kikimora Out of People and Pipes
PS5 Will Reportedly Have Many More Launch Exclusives Than Xbox Series X
Apple TV+ Renews Two Series
Super Smash Bros. Ultimate's Next DLC Character Possibly Already Leaked
The Witcher's Jaskier Loves Getting Henry Cavill to Break
New Video Games Out This Week: Kingdom Hearts 3 DLC, Walking Dead: Saints & Sinners, and More

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Known as the golfing dentist, Dr. Walt Knych Jr. put his personal stamp on local golfing by setting course records and winning a number of prestigious events including a record five Herald Amateurs.
One of the greatest golfers in St. Lawrence history, Knych was a key player on the Saints golf team that qualified for the NCAA championship tournament in both 1951 and 1952. Knych went unbeaten individually and helped the 1952 golf team to its first-ever perfect record at 8-0. The Saints went on to finish 24th in the NCAA championships at Purdue. Victories over Cornell, Syracuse and Colgate were among notable wins that season.
The 1952 team continued a string of 14 straight wins started by the 1951 team which also qualified for NCAA play but did not compete. Knych led the St. Lawrence teams he played on to a record of 27-4 during his four seasons as a varsity golfer.
Following graduation, Knych became one of the top golfers in Central New York. He set a course record with a 64 while winning the Mohawk Open in 1953.
Knych's sweet swing continued in the senior ranks. He is the only area golfer to compete in both the U.S. Open and two U.S. Senior Open tournaments. In addition to his five Herald Am crowns, he finished second five times and won two Herald Senior events.
Won numerous Member-Guest events at Calvary, Tuscarora, Bellevue, Lake Shore and Oswego Clubs.


If you're a cat owner, you'll be familiar with the idea that cats can sometimes be the weirdest and most adorable pets around.
If you follow my Instagram and Instastories, you'll know that I'm totally smitten with our Persian cat Mia (she's still a kitten in my eyes as she's still SO tiny!). I'm quite obsessed with posting pictures and videos of Mia's adorable poses and capturing her hilarious personality on camera, which comes to life on a daily basis.
Quite fittingly, Whiskas* reached out and asked me to participate in their Everything You Wanted to Know about Cats campaign, in particular, exploring why do cat's meow. Whiskas has developed a series of informative videos designed to educate and entertain. They want to encourage knowledge sharing and education about proper cat care between cat owners and cat lovers alike.
So Why Do Cats Meow?
If you're a cat owner yourself, you'll be aware that cats all have their individual character traits and unique personalities, however, as a feline species, some behaviours they will always do in unity, like meowing.
Cats meow for a variety of reasons. In short, it's their way of communicating with the humans. I find it quite interesting that cat's don't meow at each other, it is a pure communication bridge between cat and owner. Although, when small kittens, they will meow in order to let their mum know they are cold or hungry.
Your cat could be meowing for a multitude of reasons; whether she/he is hungry, attention seeking (we experience this far too often!), is feeling ill, stressed, aging or maybe even just greeting you hello.
From our personal experience, since we brought Mia home two years ago, she has always been a very quiet and timid cat. She rarely meows... much to our dismay... as we always assumed our / any cat would be the loudest chatterbox.
But seriously, we wouldn't change her for the world, hands down she is the prettiest cat I have ever since and quite frankly has never grown out of her "kitten mode". Friends and family frequently comment on how small she is. When we picked her out her mother was always petite so we always knew our little Mia would be a petite grown-up too.
She has the tiniest of button noses, the biggest googly eyes, the fluffiest rear and generally, radiates the loveliest and warmest nature towards me and Alex. Did I mention she's utterly hilarious too? She has us both in stitches on a daily basis with her unique personality.
Oh, and when she does happen to meow, she quite literally melts our hearts.
I've reached for her water bowl, turned on the tap and shes figured its freshwater time - trigger cute meow meaning "I'd like to have my water now please".
I've just pulled into the driveway after a stressful at work and I'm making my way towards the door. Cue meowing and persistent scratching at the front door. This is the "Hello. Hello. YAY your home. Open the door. Hello." meow - the cutest greeting after a long day work.
Its 6.30am, cue loud, long meows and scratching on the living room door downstairs - this means "Oi, let me upstairs I want to jump on the bed, rub against everything and want you to tickle behind my ears please"
Meep. Meep. Meep! There's a bird, cat, pigeon, person outside or we are teasing her with the laser pen. Cue short chattering meep sounds - the cutest.
I shake the Dreamies bag followed by... "DREAMIES. DREAMIES. DREAMIES" or I start opening a tin of tuna... cue uncontrollable meowing.
We love our little bundle of fluff and wouldn't change her for the world. Minimal meows and all.
What's your favourite cat trait? Are there any unanswered questions you have about your fluffy feline friend? I'd love to hear - let me know in the comments.


After a last minute entry at the Dirt Nitro Challenge last week running Mugen's buggy & truck, what seemed inevitable is now official: Adam Drake joins Mugen Seiki Racing!
Mugen Seiki Racing is excited to announce that the RC legend Adam Drake will be joining the team. Adam brings 20 plus years of racing experience to Mugen and will put it to work as a full time employee. Racing will be top priority but also Adam will work in race promotion/team management, research and new product development. Adam will race all Mugens off road vehicles and will compete in club, regional, national and world championship events around the globe.
We must confess that we were tipped off about the Drake's move just in time and sent 'our man in Havana' (Stephen Bess in SoCal) for an Exclusive interview!
We haven't witnessed the type of internet buzz created by Adam Drake's departure from TLR in…well, have we ever witnessed so many people talking about a driver switching teams? Upon Adam's departure from Horizon/Team Losi, the forums and Facebook were ablaze with rumors, speculation and assumptions round the clock. After showing up at the Dirt Nitro Challenge with Drakeified versions of every 1:8-scale vehicle Mugen offers, the assumptions became even more grand.
In this exclusive interview, we catch up with Adam Drake between practice sessions at Revelation Raceway in Southern California to discuss his decision to commit full time to Mugen Seiki Racing, his employment there, and the reasons why he feels Mugen is the right fit.
NeoBuggy: So the question everyone is asking – what is your involvement with Mugen Seiki, and where did this partnership come from?
Adam Drake: I am now employed by Mugen Seiki, and will be working for them and racing for them. Where it came from; it's kinda funny. I got a message out of the blue from (Mugen Racing USA president) Kris Moore basically saying that he owed me lunch or I owed him lunch. I went and met with Kris and Tim (Long), and discussed some possibilities regarding what I was looking for, what they were looking for, and I told them first and foremost that I wanted to test the product and make sure I'm happy and comfortable with it before I made any decisions.
I built a buggy and a truggy, went racing at Revelation and then Heritage in Chula Vista, and at that point the Nitro Challenge was still up in the air. I was trying other cars at that time too, to see what opportunities were out there. The Mugen cars felt great at both tracks, and Kris asked me if I would race their car at the DNC.
I was a little leery at first because I'm huge on preparation, just because I didn't want to go to the biggest race of the year with only 2-days of track time, but they were super cool about it. They said just go for it and see how you mesh with the team, no strings attached. So that's how it all came together.
NB: So the other burning question people are asking—what happened at TLR?
AD: This is probably a question that's best suited for both myself and TLR; there are always two sides to every story. My take on the situation was that Horizon decided to restructure the department I worked in, and along with that, my position was eliminated. In other words, I was let go. It was a surprise to me.
At the end of the day, I'm super thankful for all the years I had at TLR, but at the same time I'm super excited and grateful for the future. My new situation is refreshing and exciting. It's nice to work for such a close-knit company. I feel like I should just leave it at that.
NB: Fair enough. What will your relationship be like with Mugen Japan, considering you're an American driver and Japanese-based companies of all kinds (R/C or otherwise) are known for doing what they want without a lot of input from the USA? Do you have a relationship with (Mugen designer) Koji Sanada or is that something you plan to build?
AD: It's a relationship that needs to be built, and Japan always has the final say on product design, but they're also willing to see what I can bring to the table…how I can mesh with them, and hopefully make the product better. There's so much for me to get used to at first, I think I will be able to learn a lot about setting up and tuning the cars first.
I'm not looking at it as though, "I'm going to Mugen, so I'm gonna see if they can switch it from pillow ball suspension to C-hub (laughs). They obviously have a very solid foundation and have won multiple IFMAR World Championships, but I think in the US, it has been a long time since they've had a top level lead driver who can help with set-ups and tuning, so I think there's a huge opportunity there. It will take time for us to build a relationship and that trust in one another.
NB: So what IS your role at Mugen Racing, and do you have a title? Will you be in the office?
AD: It's full time employment for me at Mugen Seiki Racing, and I will be in the office, but I will also spend a lot of days at the track testing, developing, helping out at the races…helping on the marketing side, social media, tech tips…you know, all of the things I'm kinda known for that I've done in the past. My main role will be to help Tim support the team, and helping the team get up to speed from a testing and development standpoint for anything that's new. A big portion of that will be focusing on racing as well.
NB: Were there any "late players" in the game, when it came time for you to make your decision? We had heard rumors about SOAR, SWORKz and several other brands; was Mugen the company all along, or were there others that you were seriously considering?
AD: Absolutely, I talked with a lot of different companies. There were a lot of very unique and exciting opportunities, but along with that, there were also a lot of unknowns with those opportunities. For me, I love driving the Mugen cars, and I have a long relationship with Kris Moore, Robbie Collins and Tim Long.
Meeting with them and seeing how things work is what sold me; it's not only the product I believe in, but it's the people I trust and believe in. There were more unknowns with the other opportunities I had. With Mugen, it felt more like home.
NB: Was there a specific moment when you knew, this is a done deal—I'm going with Mugen?
AD: It would probably be when I was on my drive home from Nitro Challenge, I had 5-hours to sit there and reflect on everything. It has been a total whirlwind, but driving home from Nitro Challenge allowed me to debrief and unwind, and reflect on everything that went on there.
I had a lot of fun at that race, and pitting with Barry and Bobby Pettit was great. Not that there weren't other companies that were great, but there were lots of questions and unknowns with each of them. Tim, Robbie and Kris welcomed me with open arms, and it was just easy. I have a relationship with them. I asked direct questions and got direct answers.
NB: How does it feel to go from an enormous team at TLR that barely fits under two gigantic canopies at the races to essentially a handful of guys at Mugen?
AD: Well first off I think that the size of the team is going to change. It's definitely different going from TLR/Horizon with a huge team at the races, but with Mugen we will see the team grow and I think there will be plenty of people who want to migrate over to Mugen based upon what we have planned for the team. People want to feel like they're a part of something, and now having a top driver that is also willing to help everyone, I think the Mugen team will grow because of that.
NB: That brings up an interesting point; how much can Mugen grow, when they essentially only make 4 off-road cars, total? Hasn't Mugen remained a small team because they are a solid but relatively small company?
AD: That's tough for me to say because the company is so new to me, but I do think that Mugen Seiki is a much larger company than some people realize. They are very efficient. Their focus is on racing. They don't have RTR's, so they don't have a huge staff, but for them it's about their race cars—nitro buggy, nitro truggy, E-Buggy, E-truggy, all of their on-road cars…they don't have as big of a lineup as some other companies, but they are able to put a lot of time and focus into the products they do have. Mugen makes vehicles for all of the classes that matter at a race like the Nitro Challenge, it's not like they're missing a relevant platform in 1/8-scale.
NB: So what is the growth potential for Mugen?
AD: With the quality of the product and the people they have in America and globally, I believe there's potential for a lot of growth. Again, being able to provide customers and the team with more information that can help them learn the product, I think more people will gravitate towards that. Customers want to be proud of what they've got, and in order to do that, they need information to make it work properly.
For me to be able to provide more information to the customers and team, and that info will go to the shops and dealers, I think people will be even more proud to be a part of Mugen Seiki and they will want to support it.
NB: So is the growth purely tied to race results, or the overall branding?
AD: Big race results are important, but when I go to these huge regional races like the AMS, Psycho Nitro Blast, etc where there may be 500-600 entries, and they're almost all regional-level racers, Mugen has always had such a strong following even without having a "top guy" who just won the ROAR Nats or some other huge race.
I think that shows that people love the quality of Mugen products and they love the way the cars drive. Now with the additional resources and additional support for those customers, I think there's a tremendous amount of growth potential.
NB: Do you have a 5-year plan with Mugen, and with racing in general? You travel across the country a huge amount; will that continue?
AD: I'd say at least for the next 3-4 years I plan to keep the same pace and travel just as much. I'm fortunate with (my wife) Ronda, she's into RC just as much as I am. She knows how much I enjoy racing and how I have a passion for it, and for now we don't have kids, so my plan is to continue to be very focused on racing. I think I have a lot of years left, especially with my new resources at Mugen.
Adam's wife Ronda & their dog, Harry!
All along my primary focus has never been solely on my personal race results; to me the value in racing is tremendous. By attending the races, we learn so, so much from our customers, from our competitors, and even from ourselves about our own product. So by going to a large amount of races, I get to see what other companies are doing good and bad, what our company is doing well and poorly, and then you're able to take that feedback and channel it into making the best products possible.
So I think even if my own personal racing focus slows down, I will still want to attend races, whether my results are what I want them to be or not—there's still a huge value in attending those races and relaying that information throughout the company.
NB: You spent a long time at Horizon, so now that you have a new perspective with a different company, how do you think R/C has changed over the last 5-10 years?
AD: The industry has changed a lot. There's just so much competition now; in electric it used to be Associated vs Losi, and in 1/8-scale it was Kyosho vs Mugen. Now there is so much competition, whether it's race cars or RTRs. Mugen has always been steady, and their focus has always been on racing, whether it's 1/8-scale on-road or offroad.
The industry has changed a lot; it's more difficult now due to the competition, but that's where it's so valuable to understand who your customers are, and what their wants and needs are. Supporting races and regional events—that's where your customers are. It's awesome going to the Nitro Challenge or the Nats, but the majority of those guys are pros. Pros say everything is great. We get real feedback from the grassroots races; guys will flat out tell us, "this is good, this is bad." That's invaluable.
NB: We are looking forward to seeing what 2015 brings for you and Mugen; thank you for this interview and for being so open about your new situation.
AD: No problem, thank you!
Good News – Welcome to Mugen!
Awesome interview. Drake is such a pro.
Drake is first class no matter what…good role model for all of us.
Adam is all class. Good luck with Mugen!
Hopefully arms won't have to be boiled to be durable in nearest time 🙂 Good luck Adam!
This soft parts prevented EACH 808 and EACH XB9 from being great and still prevents the RX8 from being great! Glad I'm done with Xray for my next kits! I can't understand how the company with the best production lines just can't manage to switch from producing nitro-club cars to producing nitro-race cars.
Awesome interview Adam, such a class driver!
Now maybe the car design will be tweaked enough to be drivable. The MBX7 has to be the worst car I bought in the past 4-5 years in terms of drivability.
hahaha, good one! i think you are lacking set-up skills a ton & now trying to blame the car.
Running sometimes the Kit Standard Setup helps!
I see plenty of guys throw money at a setup issues. Don't keep kits long enough to figure out a setup that works. I didn't like the factory setup on the Mugen so I made changes to suit my driving style and I wouldn't switch from Mugen for anything. Welcome to the Team Adam. Couldn't think of a better addition!
I'm no pro at setting up a car, but I have been able to get every car I have owned to drive the way I want it to except for this one. I ran it every weekend for about 6 months and tried any number of setups, part swaps, etc etc and it was always just too unstable and edgy for me.
try running your shocks on the inside holes on lower arms, with 2 degrees.
I guest this means Dakota Phend has to give Drake back his paint job he stole.
We have raced against adam and he is not a very friendly guy.. He never helped us with our cars at the track.When we had the mugen noone helped us..Mugen is a good buggy,but noone helped us with the rear end bounce issues when track got bumpy. Tim long was no help,but maybe with adam things will change. MUGEN is a great buggy and i hope everyone the best. Maybe Tim will learn from adam.
sorry "rev" but 20yrs of drake being helpful to everyone proves only one thing, that you either never tried talking to him or you are the problem. he's the friendliest guy if you actually talk to him. all pros are busy when at the track, but adam is one of the few who will take time to help anyone with any brand of car or engine if you ask him for help. your experience is a result of you, not adam.
you say Adam "is not a very friendly guy.. he never helped us" and that "Tim Long was no help." Then you say "Maybe Tim will learn from Adam". What's there to learn if they're both the same? In either case, he was always nice to me and I'm no one special.


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You are here: Home Page > Social Sciences > Politics > Comparative Politics > Party System Closure
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Party System Closure
Party Alliances, Government Alternatives, and Democracy in Europe
Fernando Casal Bértoa and Zsolt Enyedi
A unique dataset, containing information on the ministerial composition of more than a thousand governments, 65 European party systems across more than 170 years
Provides a new conceptual framework structured around the notions of party system closure, party blocs, and poles of parties
A comprehensive analysis of the determinants and consequences of party system institutionalization, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods
Party System Closure maps trends in interparty relations in Europe from 1848 until 2019. It investigates how the length of democratic experience, the institutionalization of individual parties, the fragmentation of parliaments, and the support for anti-establishment parties, shape the degree of institutionalization of party systems. The analyses presented answer the questions of whether predictability in partisan interactions is necessary for the survival of democratic regimes and whether it improves or undermines the quality of democracy. The developments of party politics at the elite level are contrasted with the dynamics of voting behaviour. The comparisons of distinct historical periods and of macro-regions provide a comprehensive picture of the European history of party competition and cooperation.
The empirical overview presented in the book is based on a novel conceptual framework and features party composition data of more than a thousand European governments. Party systems are analysed in terms of poles and blocs, and the degree of closure and of polarization is related to a new party system typology. The book demonstrates that information collected from partisan interactions at the time of government formation can reveal changes that characterise the party system as a whole.
The empirical results confirm that the Cold War period (1945-1989) was exceptionally stable, while the post-Berlin-Wall era shows signs of disintegration, although more at the level of voters than at the level of elites. After three decades of democratic politics in Europe (1990-2019), the West and the South are looking increasingly like the East, especially in terms of the level of party de-institutionalization. The West and the South are becoming more polarised than the East, but in terms of parliamentary fragmentation, the party systems of the South and the East are converging, while the West is diverging from the rest with its increasingly high number of parties. As far as our central concept, party system closure, is concerned, thanks to the gradual process of stabilization in the East, and the recent de-institutionalization in the West and South, the regional differences are declining.
Comparative Politics is a series for researchers, teachers, and students of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterised by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit: www.ecprnet.eu. The series is edited by Susan Scarrow, Chair of the Department of Political Science, University of Houston, and Jonathan Slapin, Professor of Political Institutions and European Politics, Department of Political Science, University of Zurich.
Introduction: A Systemic Approach to Inter-Party Relationships
1:The Logic of Inter-party Competition and Cooperation: Blocs, Poles, Institutionalization, and Closure
2:A New European Dataset and the Measurement of Party System Closure Data
3:Currently Functioning European Party Systems
4:Historical (i.e. Defunct) European Party Systems
5:Party System Closure in Comparative Perspective
6:From Time to Time: Democratic Age, Birth, and Closure
7:The Whole is More than the Sum of the Parts: Party Institutionalization and Closure
8:Size Does Matter: The Number of Parties and Closure
9:Pulling Apart: Polarization and Closure
10:The Explanatory Model of Closure: Factors and Mechanisms
11:Survival vs. Quality: Democratic Consequences of Closure
Conclusion: How Do Party Systems Institutionalize?
Fernando Casal Bértoa, Associate Professor of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham, and Zsolt Enyedi, Professor of Political Science, Central European University
Fernando Casal Bértoa is an Associate Professor in the School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham. He is co-director of REPRESENT: Research Centre for the Study of Parties and Democracy. His work has been published in numerous scholarly journals, such as the Journal of Politics, European Journal of Political Research, Sociological Methods and Research, Electoral Studies, West European Politics, Party Politics, European Political Science Review and Democratization. He was awarded the 2017 Gordon Smith and Vincent Wright Memorial Prize, the 2017 AECPA Prize for the Best Article and the 2018 Vice-Chancellor Medal of the University of Nottingham for 'exceptional achievements'.
Zsolt Enyedi is Professor at the Political Science Department of Central European University. He (co)authored two and (co)edited eight volumes and published numerous articles and book chapters, mainly on party politics and political attitudes. His articles appeared in journals such as European Journal of Political Research, Political Studies, Political Psychology, West European Politics, Party Politics, Europe-Asia Studies, Perspectives on Politics, European Review, etc. He has received a number of academic awards such as the Rudolf Wildenmann Prize, 2003, Bibó Prize, 2004, and the Hungarian Academy Award 2020.
"a unique, informative and insightful longitudinal study of how European countries were governed in the last century'" - Davide Vittori, Italian Political Science Review
"This is a fascinating and important book, in which Fernando Casal Bértoa and Zsolt Enyedi provide an original and thoughtful perspective on party system institutionalization in Europe. They persuasively disentangle the complex relationships between electoral volatility, parliamentary fragmentation, polarization, and the patterns of inter-party competition and cooperation for government office. Refining the approach to party system change advanced by the late Peter Mair, Party System Closure is an extraordinary work of political science and a must-read for any scholar of comparative party politics." - Ingrid van Biezen, Professor of Comparative Politics, University of Leiden
"Impressive in its scope, both temporally and geographically, this book addresses some of the most pressing issues of our time. Drawing on the approach to party systems pursued by Giovanni Sartori, and then by Peter Mair, it asks how patterns of interaction among parties, both competitive and cooperative, influence the quality, and ultimately the survival of democratic regimes. In this era of increasing polarization and the rise of anti-party-system parties, it provides both significant historical and invaluable contemporary insights. It is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand European party politics today, or in historical perspective." - Richard S. Katz, Professor of Political Science, the John Hopkins University
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Social Sciences > Politics > Political Behavior
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By itself, there's nothing wrong with stopping to chat with a co-worker. It relieves stress, strengthens your relationship, and can even be productive if you throw in a work topic every now and again. But it's easy for a five minute chat to grow into ten, and then fifteen. Before you know it you've used up most of a morning!
Time yourself whenever you chat up a co-worker. Set a limit of five minutes—set an alarm, if you need to—and go straight back to your desk afterwards. This applies to phone conversations, too! Cut the small talk to a minimum and get right to the point. You can always catch up on things later when you've finished your tasks.
You've got a lot of things on your plate, and sometimes it can be hard to sift through them and decide which needs to be done first. After finishing one task, people often have to stop and re-review their pending tasks. The problem with that is memory is unreliable. You may be doing tasks out of order, or forgetting some entirely. As a result, there is a delay either on your end or on someone else's as they wait for you to get to the task you're supposed to be doing.
Before you begin you day, set up a written to-do list. Write it down in whatever order makes most sense for your workflow, but make sure it is in order. Don't commit it to memory. Post it on your wall or on your desktop and refer to it every time you finish something. This will reduce the transition time in between tasks and help speed up your workday.
Not many people consider worrying to be a time waster, but it's actually one of the biggest time sinks out there. This is because worrying affects you even when you're ostensibly working on other things. It's a humongous distraction, and saps your energy faster than the actual work you're doing. You slog through the day with a heavy weight on your shoulders, and go home more tired than ever. Whether your issue is personal or work-related, the net effect is the same.
There are many ways of dealing with worry, but I've found the most helpful method is to talk it out with someone whose opinion you respect. This could be your manager, HR, a buddy, or your significant other. Sharing the load is a great way to relieve some of the pressure you feel, and knowing that someone else out there knows what you're going through will help you get through your work with a clearer head.
Have you noticed any other little habits that eat up your day? How do you plan on changing them?


Central Coast Mariners' Ross McCormack opened the scoring against his former side before a second half strike from Dario Vidosic made sure the points were shared.
With second place secured for the Jets, Melbourne City ran out convincing winners as they fight for third place with goals from Bruno Fornaroli and Dario Vidosic.
Melbourne City have thumped Adelaide United 5-0 thanks to stunning strikes from Dario Vidosic and Ross McCormack.
Zuletzt wurde Angreifer Anthony Ujah mit einer Rückkehr zu Werder Bremen in Verbindung gebracht. Werders Sportchef Frank Baumann hat jetzt zu den Gerüchten Stellung genommen.
Johan Absalonsen cancelled out Dario Vidosic's early goal as the points were shared in a 1-1 draw at Westpac Stadium.
Erst im vergangenen Sommer wechselte Anthony Ujah für 13 Millionen Euro von Werder Bremen nach Liáoníng Hóngyùn in die chinesische Super League. Doch jetzt scheint das China-Abenteuer des Stürmers beendet zu sein.
Former England manager Sven-Goran Eriksson has been sacked as coach of Chinese second-tier side Shenzhen. He has lasted in the role barely six months after just five wins in 13 league games.
Oscar over-hyping Chinese Super League?
FC's Jason Dasey and PJ Roberts delve into Oscar's comments saying the CSL will one day be as great as the Premier League.


This intervention was a planned compliance inspection in line with the ONR Conventional Health and Safety (CHS) operational delivery plan for SDFW Sub-Division 2018/19.
The primary purpose of the inspection was to evaluate the effectiveness of Sellafield Ltd asbestos management arrangements and particularly their control of asbestos contractors undertaking licensable asbestos work on the site.
The secondary purpose was to inspect the undertaking of licensed asbestos work as defined under the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 (CAR). Feedback from the inspection relating to the asbestos contractors has been passed back to the Asbestos Licensing Unit (ALU) within HSE.
Inspection of two licensed asbestos contractors undertaking work with asbestos containing materials (ACMs) at Calder Hall.
Sellafield Ltd has a dedicated asbestos co-ordinator who leads the management of asbestos at Calder Hall. The role includes prioritising and managing ACMs and arranging for licensed asbestos work to take place. When a licensed asbestos contractor has been selected to undertake work Sellafield Ltd review the contractor's plan of work (POW) to ensure asbestos and conventional safety hazards are suitably controlled. The asbestos co-ordinator is supported by the Calder Hall safety advisor to ensure conventional safety risks are identified and controlled.
I saw a site work observation and discussed it with the Calder Hall asbestos co-ordinator. The observation helped demonstrate how Sellafield Ltd over-sees licensable work with ACMs. The intention of the site work observation is to provide reassurance that the POW is being followed by the licensed asbestos contractor.
The two licensed asbestos contractors who were undertaking work at Calder Hall were found to be generally complying with the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 at the time of the visit. Guidance was given to the contractors on how their POW could be further improved. A summary of the inspection of the licensed asbestos contractors and advice given has been forwarded to the Asbestos Licensing Unit (ALU) which is part of HSE. This will contribute to ALU's assessment of the contractors when considering the renewal of their asbestos contractor's license.
Due to the age and the physical condition of the turbine hall at Calder Hall, lead paint is peeling from the structure and is contaminating the asbestos work areas. During a previous ONR intervention this topic had been discussed (ONR-SDFW-IR-17-089, TRIM 2017/311970). It had been agreed that walkways would be established and cleaned at suitable interviews. In the short blower house I could see that walkways had been established but they were contaminated with loose flakes of paint. I discussed this with Sellafield Ltd and asked that the intervals at which cleaning takes place are reviewed to ensure that the walkways are maintained free from paint debris.
Feedback was provided at a close out meeting with the Sellafield employees involved in the intervention. It was recognised that Sellafield Ltd have arrangements and staff in place to enable the management of licensed asbestos work on the Calder Hall site. They had practically demonstrated this through the monitoring of the licensed asbestos work taking place at the time of the visit.
After considering the ONR inspection rating guide the site were rated Green (no formal action).


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PRESTON have appointed Darren Ferguson as their new manager - on a three-and-a-half-year contract.
37-year-oldDarren Ferguson had been a free agent since leaving Peterborough in November and succeeds Alan Irvine at Preston.
Preston chairman Derek Shaw insisted Ferguson was the outstanding candidate for the job and backed him to embark on a successful new era at Deepdale.
He said: "Darren immediately came under our radar when we began the search for a new manager and we are delighted to have him in place so quickly.
Kevin Russell and Scott Taylor, who were part of Ferguson's backroom staff at London Road, have also joined North End.


text:
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A Day in the Life: Expedition in Maasai Mara National Reserve
By: Emerson Wells
I'll never forget nights by the campfire, sitting contently and reflecting on the day, and for that I am grateful.
Just before 7:00 a.m., I woke up to sounds of birds and soft voices. Students in the day's Cook Crew were up and getting ready for the day by helping the kitchen staff with breakfast and fetching fresh water from the lorry. We are two days in, now, to our expedition in the Maasai Mara National Reserve, camping at a Kenya Wildlife Service Research site.
Emerging from my tent, I got up, changed, and retrieved my mug and tupperware for breakfast. Every morning, the kitchen serves warm chai and hot water for coffee or other tea. For breakfast, I had my usual: oatmeal with peanut butter, pancakes, and fruit. Even though this is something I eat often with SFS, it seemed to taste better while sitting in my Crazy Creek, waking up with the rest of the wildlife at Maasai Mara and smelling the smoke from the campfire that burned throughout the night.
"Let's get crawling," Richard, professor of Human Dimensions of Conservation, called out, encouraging us students to finish eating and gather our materials for the day. Unlike past days, we were returning to camp for lunch before heading on a game drive, so there was no need to quickly wash Tupperware to pack for lunch- those mornings can be quite chaotic!
After breakfast, I grabbed my bag and headed to the car. Unlike in Amboseli, where lectures were taught in a building a short walk from camp, we travelled to a nearby lodge for our lecture classes. As my car prepared to leave, we found we couldn't- we had a flat tire, the first of many unexpected events for the day. If I remember correctly, I've had five flat tire experiences during my time in Kenya. Our vehicles go through a lot!
After quickly fixing our tire, we began our trip. Popping open the roof, I stood on my chair and let the wind wake me up, taking in the greenery, cool air, and saying good morning to the elephants and giraffes we passed. Unlike Amboseli, which translates to "salty dust," Maasai Mara felt much more alive, with the landscape reminiscent of home in some ways.
Today, we had two lectures. During a break between classes, my friends and I walked around to stretch our legs and discovered a trail to the lodge's hippo pool. Though we had been able to see hippos during our time in Amboseli, the hippo pool took us by surprise due to its proximity to the lodge. Before we left to return to our second class, we observed hippos mating for the first time!
Two giraffes spotted on the way to lecture. (Photo: Emerson Wells).
After classes, we returned to camp for lunch. For the rest of the afternoon, students had the opportunity to return to the lodge to relax and swim or go on a game drive. I chose to go on a game drive. Maasai Mara is a large reserve bordering Tanzania, connecting wildlife with Tanzania's Serengeti National Park. Some animal populations, including wildebeest, migrate to Serengeti, leaving fewer animals in Maasai Mara ecosystem during this time of year. Because of this, there were fewer animals to observe during our game drives, particularly in comparison to Amboseli, where the small area and swamps were abundant with wildlife approaching the carrying capacity of the park.
Armed with the essentials–a hat, sunscreen, and water–we left for our four-hour drive. The folks in my vehicle were hopeful to spot a cheetah or rhino. Ultimately, we didn't, but we did get to see lions, elephants and their young, a large herd of buffalo, hartebeests, impala, giraffes, a jackal, and a grey crowned crane (a bird species we had a focused lecture on in our Wildlife Ecology course).
An elephant feeds her baby, hiding behind her. (Photo: Emerson Wells).
On our way back to camp, as the sun began setting, one of our two vehicles got stuck in the mud. This wasn't the first time this has happened on expedition, but it was stuck badly enough for our other vehicle to be unable to pull it out. As staff got out of the vehicle and began gathering rocks to place in the mud, one staff member pointed on the hill above us. There was a hyena, a little too close for comfort, watching us and the commotion. Those of us in the other vehicle were placed on "hyena watch," making sure the hyena did not get closer and alerting those out of the vehicle if it did. On the horizon across from the hyena, a storm was brewing. It was the most intense lightning storm I have ever seen, something reminiscent of a movie, with a clear message that something ominous was about to happen.
As it grew darker, we began to realize the implications of our situation–stuck in the middle of a national reserve at night, with little mobility or visibility of surrounding wildlife. It was scary and exhilarating, and though we joked in our car about our situation, we all felt confident the staff would get us back to camp in one piece.
After a lot of work, the vehicle got out of the mud, and we rushed back to camp in the dark while watching the lightning storm behind us. We arrived at camp forty-five minutes late to dinner and gathered on benches around the campfire with the rest of our peers to share stories of our adventure, feasting on pumpkin and lentils (which I've learned to love).
Through SFS Kenya, I've learned to embrace all experiences that have come my way, becoming comfortable with the uncomfortable. Maasai Mara taught me a deep appreciation for observation of landscape and an understanding that animals don't exist to meet your needs or expectations. I'm grateful to experience SFS Kenya and the Center for Wildlife Management Studies as a place which supports deep experiential learning, whether intentionally or not. I'll never forget nights by the campfire, sitting contently and reflecting on the day, and for that I am grateful.
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HAHAHAHA! WTF, Mexico City??? But I guess that was to be expected. He's just an actor anyway. It's a good thing Berlin came to his rescue to return the favor. I thought it was going to be Seoul, but whatevs. Mission accomplished! Again, woohoo, team work! And I know that people are thinking that the Mexico City subplot is exaggerated. After all, it's 2015, right? Well, I guess you just haven't been to Mexico yet. Okay, so Jonas continues to be the show's talking encyclopedia. I am just intrigued. Should we believe this guy? It's his word versus that of the other sensate in Iceland. What if he's the bad guy after all? I mean, Wachowskis, dude. These siblings know how to throw a couple of red herrings around to make everything more interesting. What if he just fooled Angelica and he has a hidden agenda? The woman in Iceland is also shady, though. Argh! Anyway, I love the montage of birth scenes, albeit a bit gory but hey, that's childbirth for you. With just two episodes left for the season, I wonder what the climax will be like.


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The Tech Disruption Series: PropTech
By Vicky Spratt
When was the last time you reached into the junk drawer in your kitchen for a takeaway menu? What about the last time you set foot in a travel agent? Booked a taxi over the phone? Sent a letter?
Tech innovation has transformed the way we live our lives. Often, it has improved the services we can access like holidays, taxis and takeaways but, occasionally, it has solved our problems.
Last week, at the live recording of The Tech Disruption Series podcast at co-working space Fora Central Street, just a stone's throw away from East London's Silicon Roundabout, an expert panel of disruptors discussed how tech is trying to change the way we interact with housing.
All of the panellists in discussion at Fora – Gemma Young of Settled, Eliza Eddison of Rentify, Colby Short of GetAgent and Ishaan Malhi of Trussle – agreed on one thing: when it comes to housing there are too many stakeholders, and this has created huge margins for error. We need to innovate – partly through tech – so that we can disrupt the market as it currently exists, locking down processes and closing loopholes.
This hits the nail on the head. Housing – whether renting or home ownership – relies on so many parties, many of whom are focussed on making a profit above the needs of others. From letting agencies to landlords, inventory clerks to referencing agencies, sales agents to solicitors and developers, it is complex, muddled and often unnecessarily stressful.
Home – whether you rent or own – is the centre of your life. And yet, unlike other sectors, the way housing transactions and interactions has, up until very recently, remained, frankly, old fashioned.
This country is currently experiencing what has tipped from being a 'housing crisis' into the realm of housing disaster. The cost of housing has spiralled over the last two decades, meaning that all over the country a growing number of renters are increasingly stretched.
A recent report from the Resolution Foundation has predicted that half of all millennials will still be renting in their 40s, while a third will never own their own home. In England, a house typically costs eight times average earnings, in London that rises to 15 times.
The only real solution to this disaster in affordability and availability is for us to build more houses. However, to reach the government's (very conservative, with a small c) target of 300,000 new houses in England by 2025, completions must rise no less than 38 per cent from last year's reasonably respectable 217,000.
We have to face facts: renting has increasingly become the new norm for an entire generation. And, for this generation, who expect systems and processes to be easy, quick to navigate and logical because that's what they experience in every other area of their life at the click of a button, housing is found wanting.
Ever since I appeared on the BBC's Daily Politics programme alongside Conservative MP Nadhim Zahawi I have been clear that I am very sceptical that the housing market can sort itself out. He said to me that 'all we need is the Uber of renting'. I do not agree, in fact I think what we need is more regulation in favour of renters alongside ambitious housebuilding.
That said, I do think that proptech holds some of the answers. Think of it this way: your online banking may be imperfect, but it's made it a hell of a lot easier to access and keep track of your finances, right? Proptech may not be the perfect answer to a mammoth problem, but, perhaps, it can alleviate some of our suffering.
Whether you rent, own or are trying to buy you have inevitably encountered a problem. Whether it's having to take a wad of cash across town to put down a deposit on a place you want to rent, filling out zillions of forms which you have to return via post to a solicitor, not being able to get your tenancy deposit back when you move or paying through the nose for an agent to sell your home only to find they don't really measure up…the odds are, you've had a less than optimum experience.
This is where tech can help us. I know this because I have personal experience of it. One of the best renting experiences I've ever had came through online only, no fee agency OpenRent. Because they had cut out the middle man, the letting agent, and could connect users directly with landlords there was red less tape, less hassle and, in all honesty, less racketeering.
Digital hybrid sale agency, PurpleBricks, have seen similar success for the same reason. It's all about streamlining processes.
During the recording of the Tech Disruption Series at Fora I think Gemma Young, co-founder and CEO of Settled (a service which sets out to simplify the process of buying and selling a home) put it best.
'The problem with housing' Gemma said, 'is that there is so much margin for error'. And while she doesn't know if the answer necessarily lies in something like Blockchain, she does think that 'the principals that Blockchain offers us which is that things should just happen…that they should be immutable…they should be certain…absolutely belong in property, perhaps even more so than in other sectors'.
If you think about it, home is everything. It's where you wake up every morning, go to sleep every night. It's where you are at your most vulnerable and in need of certainty. And yet, particularly if you are renting, it can be where you feel least secure.
Change will take time and there may be trial and error along the way. However, this may not be a bad thing. As Ishaan of Trussle noted during the discussion: before the financial crash 'anyone could call themselves a mortgage broker…and look what happened'. He says there are now fewer brokers (a stat which I can't verify) and, certainly, it's a lot harder to get a mortgage than it was, and people shop around for the best possible deal using online comparison sites – like Trussle.
Will the growth in the number of millennial renters – a demographic cohort who are known to be demanding consumers who do not accept the status quo – mean that, as with mortgages, those providing renting services will have to step up?
I think so, I know this first hand from my successful campaign to get letting agency fees banned. Hundreds of thousands of people signed my petition and shared my articles which, in the end, forced the government to pay attention and take action.
Because of the rental boom, the letting agency market has become saturated but as the number of renters grows so too, in theory, does their consumer power. If we see more online letting agencies, founded by disruptive millennials who have experience of renting and know its pitfalls then that can only be good for housing.
Indeed, as Eliza of Rentify asked during the panel: what if Blockchain could, one day, provide an international, universal referencing database for tenants? No letting agent could ever try and charge you a referencing fee again. I'd actually go a step further than Eliza…what about a universal, international referencing database of landlords and agents (something Sadiq Khan, Mayor of London is currently working on) so that renters can spot rogues by their bad reviews. This would certainly make the housing market fairer. I'm imagining a sort of housing Trustpilot.
Proptech can change housing for the better, but I don't think it will solve the housing disaster we face as a nation. Tech innovation can help to streamline our processes and interactions but for us to truly optimise housing, we also need government regulation and, occasionally, intervention because the market is fundamentally broken and skewed in favour of a few stakeholders. If longer tenancies were enshrined in law, for instance, tenants would have more power.When we talk about innovation, we must not forget who the majority of stake holders in housing are: ordinary people, renters and home owners. Not buy to let landlords, letting agency honchos, app developers or property developers. Whoever can create an app or a service to suit the needs of the millions of renters in this country will truly be onto something. Anyone who has ever tried and failed to get a deposit back will concur.So, in answer to Zahawi's point and the interesting questions posed by the panel at Fora, my answer remains the same: I don't think we need 'the Uber of housing with its zero hours contracts and added carbon emissions but I do think we need something ambitious, an innovation that can do for housing what Monzo has done for banking.Vicky Spratt is a journalist, documentary maker, and housing rights campaigner. Her 2016 campaign Make Renting Fair highlighted the plight of 'Generation Rent' and succeeded in getting letting fees for tenants in England banned. She speaks at political conferences about the need for security in renting. Spratt's first book Tenants will be published by Profile in 2019.
Brolly with Jane Evans: The future is 50+ females
Clerkenwell Design Week 2019 At Fora
IWD19: Tough Women In Sport And Adventure by Nyla Sammons


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The St. Louis metropolitan area has been one of the fastest-growing areas in the country for immigrants, both documented and undocumented. Many of the new immigrants are Latina single mothers, dealing with significant trauma experienced in their home country, during their migration, and now adjusting to life in the United States. Sr. Rosario Bobadilla recognized […]
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When David Mantey, editor of Product Design & Development, needs to inform his readers about what constitutes the fundamentals of rapid prototyping and casting, he often goes to Clinkenbeard Project Manager Ron Jr. (Reg) Gustafson for answers.
Mantey tapped Gustafson again in March for the publication's April issue of PD&D when Mantey had Gustafson answer the following questions for the benefit of PD&D readers and workers in the design engineering marketplace: Casting 101. What do you do? Why should I use it? What should I look for when choosing a casting service? What new materials and alloys are available to design engineers?
Gustafson's responses can be found at the PD&D website that houses the April publication: http://bit.ly/aE2JTS.


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Home PRESS RELEASES WHA: Information Center creates COVID-19 hospital data dashboard
WHA: Information Center creates COVID-19 hospital data dashboard
To help policymakers and the public better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin, the Wisconsin Hospital Association Information Center (WHAIC) has created a data dashboard related to daily COVID-19 hospitalizations and equipment capacity. The information is available a https://www.wha.org/COVID19Update, with data updated daily.
Working closely and collaboratively with the state's Department of Health Services, the data is compiled from information received by the state's seven Healthcare Emergency Readiness Coalitions (HERCs) and COVID-19 case-related data from DHS. The dashboard shows information related to hospital admissions and bed count, available ventilators and the number of hospitals with seven days or fewer supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE). The dashboard is interactive, with the ability to display both statewide data and those of individual HERCs.
"WHA has consistently supported expanding the collection and reporting of important COVID-19 data," WHA President and CEO Eric Borgerding said. "This dashboard can help the public understand what hospitals and health systems have been doing to ramp up capacity for their communities, while also providing important data points for policymakers to inform future decision-making."
The WHAIC has served as a public source for health care data for 16 years, operating the CheckPoint and PricePoint websites, which have provided quality and cost data directly to health care consumers since 2004 and 2005 respectively. These groundbreaking transparency efforts have been frequently cited and lauded by Wisconsin lawmakers, and WHAIC's PricePoint website is so well regarded that 10 other states use it to provide price transparency information for their own citizens. Through partnership and collaboration, WHAIC remains a national leader in hospital and health care transparency, of which today's information is another example.


Comprehensive overview of the system of measure found in Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron age Europe from the world's leading authority on ancient metrology.
Volume I of a three part series combining the collected works of John Neal.
Includes an engaging introduction to the subject itself and detailed analysis of ancient sites.


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Gosh, I'm not blogging much these days, but when I do blog it's about . . . blogging. Well, I'm not sure why I am so obsessed with setting the record straight about my blogging patterns these days – perhaps I should go back to my therapist – but the bottom line is this: for the foreseeable future I'll post to this blog once a week, on Mondays. Hopefully it will be by Monday morning, but as in this case, it might not be until nearly Tuesday morning. Either way, The Lutheran Zephyr has begrudgingly and out of necessity morphed into The Weekly Lutheran Zephyr.
Start your week off here. I'll try not to give you indigestion.


How does Smart Player categorise content?
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Founded in 2004, Rosemunde is Denmark's most luxurious casual clothing brand. Rooted in Scandinavian values, Rosemunde is renowned worldwide for its beautiful silk camisoles and fine knit cardigans.
The brand combines wearability and romanticism to bring the exquisite to your everyday.
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Throughout its ten years, the brand has evolved to cater to the modern woman while maintaining its classic image that appeals to women of all ages and lifestyles.


We do our best to offer the most comprehensive catalog and web site in the church goods industry. Due to space limitations we can't always show every single product from our vendors. Here we have included their complete lines to give you even more options for your church.
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In this region the tradition of woodcarving dates back to the 16th century! This art has been passed on from father to son for many generations and still is the main industry of Val Gardena.


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What to Read Next and Why
Editorial & Review
Fiction Review Index
The Children of Jocasta by Natalie Haynes
by Shiny New Books	| Posted on August 15, 2017 May 15, 2020
Reviewed by Annabel
Natalie Haynes may be most familiar to you as a journalist and broadcaster, popping up on various shows and with her own series Natalie Haynes Stands Up for the Classics on BBC Radio 4, which takes an irreverent look at ancient Greek and Roman life. Her first novel, The Amber Fury, (published as The Furies in the US) was fabulous – combining a contemporary psychological drama with classical themes. I've been awaiting her next with anticipation.
The Children of Jocasta gives us more of the same, but it's also very different. Haynes sticks to writing about what she knows, but there is no contemporary setting, she returns to ancient Greece to retell the stories of Oedipus and Antigone – but from the second characters' points of view. Jocasta and her daughter/grand-daughter Ismene (Antigone's sister).
A quick revision on the basic Oedipus myth – please feel free to skip the next paragraph.
Oedipus was the son of Laius and Jocasta, but Laius wanted to thwart the prophecy that he'd be killed by his son, so he was put out on the mountainside to perish – but was found and adopted by the King of Corinth. Learning that he was fated to murder his father and marry his mother, Oedipus sets off to Thebes where he meets an older man, quarrels and kills him – this was Laius! Arriving in Thebes, he learns the king has been killed and the Sphinx is terrorising the city. He answers the Sphinx's riddle and claims Jocasta, thus fulfilling the prophecy. They have four children, two boys then two girls. Eventually Jocasta learns the truth and hangs herself. Oedipus blinds himself. Jocasta's brother Creon takes charge with the two sons alternating as rulers – but it doesn't work and there is much fighting, bloodshed and death to come involving Creon, his own family and the children of Jocasta.
Many of the ancients had mentioned Oedipus in their writings, but Sophocles is accepted as the main chronicler of his story in his three Theban Plays: Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus and Antigone. After Sophocles, came others: Roman playwright Seneca did his own retelling of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex in the 1st for instance, which was then in turn adapted by Ted Hughes in 1969.
Now, Natalie Haynes gives us another version, seen through the eyes of the two women. Their stories both start when they are fifteen years old and entwine around each other throughout the novel.
We meet Ismene first, who is hiding out in the old ice store in the Theban palace, reading a parchment from her old tutor Sophon's collection. Thirsty, she leaves, but is attacked in the corridor, stabbed under her ribs. She meets her attacker's eyes before he leaves and she staggers to safety –surviving the brutal assault.
Cut to Jocasta, who at fifteen is giving birth to her first-born with only Teresa the house-keeper to attend her. Laius, her husband is absent, he'd rather be away with his men hunting in the hills. The baby is a boy, and he's whisked away by Teresa, Jocasta is told he was stillborn strangulated by his umbilical cord. We know otherwise of course.
The chapters then alternate between Ismene and Jocasta. We get a flavour of their lives; being cooped up in the palace, barely allowed out, and certainly not unaccompanied. It's no fun for a fifteen-year-old.
Ismene's parents are already dead by the start of the story, but at least she has her brothers and glamorous sister Antigone. However, Antigone has less time for Ismene now she's discovered boys – Haem in particular – he's her uncle Creon's son, their cousin.
But tragedy continues to follow this family. The rivalry between Oedipus and Creon is intense, as is that between Eteocles and Polynices, Ismene's older brothers. Creon does nothing to stop it either.
Haynes's storytelling is clever. She cuts the mythical elements to the minimum, concentrating on the powerful drama of family relationships, backed up by the politics and intrigue of the Theban court. In her hands, the Sphinx becomes a band of guerrilla fighters in the hills, not the monster of legend. When a messenger arrives to tell Jocasta that Laius has perished, her reaction is the stuff of pure literary soap:
'It is the king,' he replied. 'I'm very sorry, madam. He is dead.'
'Dead?' Jocasta asked. The messenger nodded, his face a mask of mute sympathy. 'Good,' she said. 'So what happens now?'
The old stories are so often the best, getting retold, embellished, modified through the generations. Sophocles and his contemporaries, living in often turbulent, and gods-driven times had such riches to work with to incorporate into their tales.
Haynes does a fine job in bringing a modern sensibility to the myth, interpreting the old stories with expert eyes to tell how it might really have been. This clear vision comes to the fore when Thebes is struck once again by plague. That she does this without lessening the drama and sensation of the visceral way they did things, yet invests the arc with a sense of history and clarity. gives us a truly page-turning thriller seen through these two womens' lives. I loved it.
Annabel is one of the Shiny Editors.
Natalie Haynes, The Children of Jocasta (Mantle, 2017) ISBN 978-1509836154, hardback, 352 pages.
BUY at Blackwell's in paperback via our affiliate link (free UK P&P)
FictionAuthor: Haynes N Myth retelling Reviewer: Gaskell A
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