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FAQs: Treasury Rollovers
Effective May 4, 2022
The following frequently asked questions (FAQs) provide further information about the Federal Reserve's exchange of maturing Treasury securities for newly issued Treasury securities.
What is a System Open Market Account (SOMA) Treasury rollover?
A SOMA Treasury rollover describes the process by which principal payments from maturing Treasury securities held by the SOMA are reinvested in newly auctioned securities. Specifically, the Open Market Trading Desk (the Desk) at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York places non-competitive bids at Treasury auctions, in an amount equal to all or a portion of the maturing Treasury securities, that will settle on the maturity date of the maturing Treasury securities. On the auction settlement date, the maturing Treasury securities are exchanged for the newly issued Treasury securities.
How is the Desk implementing the FOMC's directive for Treasury rollovers?
On May 4, 2022, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) decided to begin reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS) on June 1, 2022, as described in the Plans for Reducing the Size of the Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet. Specifically, the FOMC directed the Desk to roll over at auction the amount of principal payments from the Federal Reserve's holdings of Treasury securities maturing during each calendar month that exceeds the cap amount for that month. It also directed the Desk to redeem Treasury coupon securities up to the monthly cap and Treasury bills to the extent that coupon principal payments are less than the monthly cap. If the total amount of maturing securities in a month is lower than the cap in effect that month, then no principal payments will be rolled over during that month.
For the schedule of monthly caps consistent with the FOMC's May 4 decision, see:
https://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/opolicy/operating_policy_220504.
How will the Desk determine the amount of Treasury coupons to roll over at each issuance date?
Prior to the start of each month, the Desk will determine the amount of Treasury coupons to roll over by subtracting the monthly cap from the total amount of principal payments from Treasury coupon securities maturing during the calendar month. The Desk will roll over the amount of coupon principal payments in excess of the cap. The Desk will allocate the Treasury coupon rollover amount between the mid-month and end-of-month maturity dates in proportion to the amount of SOMA coupon holdings scheduled to mature on those dates. If coupon principal payments for a given month are below the monthly cap, all coupon securities will be redeemed.
Consider an example where the SOMA holds $75 billion in Treasury coupons that mature over the month. In this example, assume the FOMC has directed the Desk to apply a monthly cap of $60 billion, resulting in a monthly Treasury coupon rollover amount of $15 billion. Assume $25 billion of the maturities occur on the mid-month date and the remaining $50 billion occur on the end-of-month date. This would result in the Desk rolling over $5 billion at the mid-month date and $10 billion at the end-of-month date.
MATURING FUNDS PROPORTION OF MATURING FUNDS REDEMPTION AMOUNT ROLLOVER AMOUNT
Mid-month $25 billion 33% $20 billion $5 billion
End-month $50 billion 67% $40 billion $10 billion
Total $75 billion 100% $60 billion $15 billion
How will the Desk determine the amount of Treasury bills to roll over at each issuance date?
If the amount of Treasury coupon principal payments for a given month is greater than the monthly cap, then Treasury bill principal payments will be fully rolled over that month. However, if the amount of coupon principal payments for a given month is below the monthly cap, then bills will be redeemed up to the remaining amount under the monthly cap.
Prior to the start of each month, the Desk will determine the amount of bills to roll over by subtracting the amount of coupon principal payments from the monthly cap amount. The Desk will then subtract any remaining amount under the monthly cap from the amount of Treasury bills maturing that month. The Desk will roll over the amount of bill principal payments in excess of this remaining amount under the monthly cap. To determine the amount of bill rollovers on a given maturity date, the Desk will allocate the Treasury bill rollover amount across the month's Tuesday and Thursday bill maturity dates in proportion to the amount of SOMA bill holdings scheduled to mature on those dates. If bill principal payments for a given month are below the remaining amount under the monthly cap, all bills will be redeemed.
Consider an example where the SOMA holds $40 billion in Treasury coupons and $50 billion in Treasury bills that mature over the month. In this example, assume the FOMC has directed the Desk to apply a monthly cap of $60 billion. This would result in all $40 billion in Treasury coupons being redeemed, and no Treasury coupon rollover amount. It would also result in $20 billion in Treasury bills being redeemed, and $30 billion of Treasury bill rollovers. The Desk would allocate the $30 billion rollover amount across bill maturity dates in proportion to the amount of SOMA bill holdings scheduled to mature on those dates.
1st Tuesday $2.5 billion 5% $1 billion $1.5 billion
1st Thursday $7.5 billion 15% $3 billion $4.5 billion
2nd Tuesday $2.5 billion 5% $1 billion $1.5 billion
2nd Thursday $10 billion 20% $4 billion $6 billion
3rd Tuesday $5 billion 10% $2 billion $3 billion
3rd Thursday $7.5 billion 15% $3 billion $4.5 billion
4th Tuesday $5 billion 10% $2 billion $3 billion
4th Thursday $10 billion 20% $4 billion $6 billion
The stylized table above is not representative of every month as the number of Tuesdays and Thursdays within a month can vary.
How will the Desk allocate rollovers across newly issued securities at Treasury auctions?
Consistent with current practice, rollovers will continue to be accomplished by placing non-competitive bids at Treasury auctions; the Desk's bids will be allocated across the securities being issued in proportion to their announced offering amounts. Coupon securities maturing on the mid-month date, or end-of-month date, would be exchanged for securities being issued on that same day. For the purpose of this example, assume the Treasury is auctioning a 3-year, a 10-year, and a 30-year security for $40 billion, $40 billion, and $20 billion respectively. Applying a prior example, the calculated mid-month rollover amount of $5 billion would be allocated across these three securities in proportion to their announced offering amounts, as shown below:
ROLLOVER AMOUNT (TOTAL) SECURITY BEING AUCTIONED ANNOUNCED OFFER SIZE PROPORTIONAL ALLOCATION ROLLOVER AMOUNT (PER SECURITY)
$5 billion 3-year $40 billion 40% $2 billion
10-year $40 billion 40% $2 billion
TOTAL $100 billion 100% $5 billion
Treasury bill rollovers would be allocated in proportion to the amount of SOMA bill holdings scheduled to mature on those dates within a month. For the purpose of this example, assume the Treasury is auctioning a 13-week, 26-week, and 52-week Treasury security on the same day for $50 billion, $25 billion, and $25 billion, respectively, and the Desk is rolling over $6 billion on that date. The rollover amount would be allocated across these three securities in proportion to their announced offering amounts, as shown below:
$6 billion 13-week $50 billion 50% $3 billion
26-week $25 billion 25% $1.5 billion
How will the Desk determine the amount of Treasury bills to roll over when there are five Tuesdays within a calendar month?
In months that contain five Tuesdays, a 4-week bill issued on the first Tuesday would mature on the fifth Tuesday of the same calendar month. Because the total amount of maturing funds scheduled to be received on the fifth Tuesday would not be known prior to the start of the month and the auction of the first 4-week bill, the Desk will not include the maturing funds from the rollover into the first 4-week bill when determining the proportion of bills to redeem on the fifth Tuesday. Instead, the amount of maturing funds from the rollover into the first 4-week bill will be rolled over in full on the fifth Tuesday, in addition to the rollover amount determined by the proportion of holdings scheduled to mature on that date as determined prior to the start of the month.
How does the Desk manage different issue types for rollovers?
SOMA holdings of Treasury notes, bonds, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), and Floating Rate Notes (FRNs) that are being rolled over are exchanged at auction across all Treasury notes, bonds, TIPS, and FRNs issued on that day in proportion to their issuance amounts. With respect to TIPS, the maturing principal amount includes the inflation adjustment. SOMA holdings of Treasury bills that are being rolled over are exchanged at auction across all Treasury bills issued on a given day in proportion to their issuance amounts.
How does the Desk manage a month-end maturity that occurs on a weekend or a holiday?
If a month-end maturity occurs on a weekend or holiday, the Desk will include that maturity in the total maturing funds for the month corresponding with the stated maturity date, not for the month in which the funds are actually received. For example, if December 31 occurs on a Sunday, any SOMA maturities that occur on December 31 will be treated as part of the December maturities, even though the cash flow associated with that maturity will occur on the next business day in January.
What are the limits on the SOMA holdings of any one Treasury issue?
The Desk will limit SOMA holdings to a maximum of 70 percent of the total outstanding amount of any individual Treasury security.
Is there a minimum amount of maturing securities required for rollover?
The Desk exchanges all maturing holdings of Treasury securities at auction, subject to the U.S. Treasury's $100 minimum bid requirement.
How do SOMA rollovers affect the price of the auctioned securities?
SOMA tenders are entered as noncompetitive bids and therefore do not affect the stop-out rate of the auction. Noncompetitive bidders receive the stop-out rate, yield or discount margin determined by the competitive auction process. When the SOMA is awarded securities at auction, the Treasury Department increases the total issue size by the amount of the SOMA's award.
How are SOMA holdings of Treasury securities reported?
SOMA Treasury holdings are reported on a weekly basis in the H.4.1 statistical release. Over any period, changes in the H.4.1 line item "U.S. Treasury securities" reflect the net effect of rollovers, purchases, and sales of Treasury securities, as well as movements in inflation compensation.
Where can I find more information on rollovers and SOMA's Treasury holdings?
The latest data on the SOMA's holdings can be found on the New York Fed's website. The amount that was awarded to the SOMA at auction is reported in the Auction Results released by the Treasury Department upon the conclusion of each auction.
FAQs: May 6, 2020 »


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HDTorrents
hd-torrents.org
SITES LIKE HDTorrents
105+ Movie Torrent Sites+ Like HDTorrents
Visit HDTorrents
Click Here To Visit Website Click Here To Visit HDTorrents See all Movie Torrent Sites (105)
Show 105+ sites like HDTorrents:
What is HD-Torrents?
HD-Torrents is a private torrent tracking website where you can find both the latest free indie and classic movies in high-definition. It was launched in the year 2008 and the only way to access the website is by getting an invite from an existing member.
It is a perfect website for people who were not able to get access to big and prominent torrent websites like HD Bits. The website has a strict ratio requirement that can be met easily. It also has internal groups that upload exclusive free HD indie content for the group and the community members.
Is HD-Torrents safe?
For a torrent site to be safe for browsing, it needs to have an SSL certificate, which HD-Torrents does have. By using tools such as SEOQuake and MOZ, you can easily check the credibility of a website by gauging Domain Score (DS) and Trust Score (TS). Based on my research, HD-Torrents has a domain score of 10 and a trust score of 32 which is decent. The only major disappointing factor is that the site has been active since 2008 and in 12 years it couldn't muster a DS of above 20. I've seen sites that started just a couple of years ago and are beyond 30. So, that's definitely an area where HD-Torrents can improve.
What should you expect from HD-Torrents?
Once you get access to the website, the first thing that you get is permission to download free indie content from the website. However, this is just the start and there are many amazing things that you can expect from HD-Torrents. Here are a few of them.
Extensive Free Indie Content Library – HD-Torrents holds a special place among the torrent websites in the world due to its enormous library of high-definition free indie movies that can be downloaded by its members. The website's massive free indie content library keeps growing as new torrents are uploaded by the members every day.
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Forums – It is impossible for a private torrent website to function without a community. Therefore, they ensure that their community members are active, work together, and have a good time while they are on the website. And forums can be the best way to cover all of the above. HD-Torrents has forums too, and these forums are highly active with maximum participation from the members. The members on HD-Torrents discuss various topics including hardware, software, suggestions, guides, and more.
Ranks and User Class – HD-Torrents has ranks that can be earned by the community members for their efforts and contributions to the website. These ranks also come with special benefits and authorities that can be enjoyed by them till they move on to a higher rank or get demoted. The lowest rank on the website is that of new members who are ranked as 'HD-Newbie' and have access to the free indie torrent library and other features of the website like subtitles, requests, forums, and uploads.
HD-Torrents in numbers
HD-Torrents is a mid-size community with over 15,000 registered members. The majority of the traffic on the site comes from Denmark and Switzerland. However, it also has visitors from the US, which accounts for 12% of its total traffic.
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How to access HD-Torrents?
You can access HD-Torrents by searching for the term 'hd-torrents.org' in your search engine. Alternatively, if you want to access the platform directly, you can use the following link: HD-Torrents.
HD-Torrents is designed to perform well even at low speeds and therefore has a very simple layout. The website has links, images, icons, text, checkboxes, search bars, and other elements that ensure smooth navigation on the website.
Inner Pages – The website is made of numerous inner pages that are designed differently and by keeping the user's convenience in mind. Inner pages include links for torrent download or informative forums or other functions of the website. The page with most elements is the home page which consists of elements like images, links, icons, emojis, links, and buttons.
Free Indie Content – The website has an extensive torrent library that can be accessed by its members from anywhere in the world. Moreover, it has thousands of members that keep uploading or updating the torrent library every day. This is in fact a great sign that you won't face a content shortage as long as you are a member of the website.
HD-Torrents works well on desktops and all the options are properly displayed. Users get ample sized fonts, icons, and images that are clear for viewing. On the other hand, the website does not have a dedicated layout for mobiles which can be inconvenient to use. It is recommended that the users shouldn't use the website on the mobile for browsing as mobile's unstable internet connection might interrupt the download and affect the ratio.
Suggestions I have for HD-Torrents
Even though HD-Torrents offers a lot of benefits to the members there are some things that make the website a turn off for most members. The website has conditional freeleech free indie content whereas the freeleech content can be made entirely free for specific torrents for selected or alternate days. Due to the conditional freeleech, the ratio can be hard to maintain. Therefore, the website needs to have more freeleech content or ratio points that can be earned easily.
HD files for free indie movies and free indie TV shows can be hard to find and while getting access to prominent websites can be hard, HD-Torrents can help you find the torrents that can keep you entertained all the time. Moreover, HD-Torrents' varied free indie content categories can also prevent you from getting bored with the website.
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Incredible bonus system
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Hard to maintain ratio
105+ Movie Torrent Sites Like HDTorrents

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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01. BONESHAKER - What Doesn't Kill You...
02. BONESHAKER - Beauty of Sadness
03. BONESHAKER - Sticky Wicket
04. BONESHAKER - Hostilities in Progress
TROST 113LP TROST 113LP
Boneshaker are Mars Williams (reeds, toy instruments), Paal Nilssen-Love (drums & percussion) and Kent Kessler (bass), three prolific powerhouse musicians, carrying among them a Grammy nomination and decades of experience with the top ensembles in the world. Norwegian phenomenon Paal Nilssen-Love has established himself over the last decade as one of the most important voices in improvised music from his generation. A powerful drummer of unbounded energy, he shows an ongoing ability to break physical and musical boundaries on his continuing hunt for new collaborations and experiences. Currently, Nilssen-Love is working with musicians such as Mats Gustafsson, Peter Brötzmann, Ken Vandermark, Evan Parker, Sten Sandell, Otomo Yoshihide and Frode Gjerstad. Kent Kessler studied musique concrete at Chicago Musical College in the period from 1977-1983, playing in various punk rock and free-improv groups in Chicago and taking time off to wander in Brazil. Kessler started concentrating on the double bass, after having played trombone, guitar, electric bass, short-wave radio and various other instruments and non-instruments. Mars Williams is an open-minded musician, composer and educator who commutes easily between free jazz, funk, hip-hop and rock. Mars has played and/or recorded with The Psychedelic Furs, Billy Idol, Massacre, Fred Frith, Bill Laswell, Ministry, Power Station, Die Warzau, The Waitresses, Kiki Dee, Pete Cosey, Billy Squier, DJ Logic, Wayne Kramer, John Scoffield, Charlie Hunter, Kurt Elling, The Mission UK, Swollen Monkeys, Naked Raygun, Friendly Fires, MC5, and virtually every leading figure of Chicago's and New York City's "downtown" scene. John Zorn credits Mars as "one of the true saxophone players -- someone who takes pleasure in the sheer act of blowing the horn. This tremendous enthusiasm is an essential part of his sound, and it comes through each note every time he plays. Whatever the situation, Mars plays exciting music. In many ways he has succeeded in redefining what versatility means to the modern saxophone player."
Other releases on TROST
Other releases by BONESHAKER


It's so easy to fall for the talent myth. We can easily come to believe that there are some super-talented people and then there are the rest of us who are just plain average. Nothing could be further from the truth. Talent exists but it is not the all-powerful x-factor we have come to believe. What really matters is the ability to do the work you need to do – especially when you don't feel like doing it.


It's a bit of a cliché, but as I compared Archbishop Boniface in 741 and his mentor, Bishop Willibrord, in 714, I thought history was repeating itself.
Frankish Mayor of the Palace Pepin died in 714, and his surviving relatives (plus a couple of other people for good measure) fought for power. Willibrord had to choose a side, and he made the right one with Pepin son's Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer).
Fast-forward to 741. Another mayor of the palace, Charles Martel, died, and the three sons born within wedlock were fighting over who should rule Francia. Whom should Boniface side with?
Karlomann, the eldest and most groomed for power, who is allied with his full brother, Pippin? Or the half-brother Grifo, the teenage son of Charles's influential second wife, Swanahild?
See my post about Boniface's choice on English Historical Fiction Authors for more.
Around 716, Saint Willibrord, the Northumbrian-born bishop of Frisia, faced a difficult choice as Francia was embroiled in civil war: whose side should he choose in this high-stakes family fight over an inheritance?
Hostile to Christianity, Radbod had driven Willibrord out of Frisia, burned churches, and killed many missionaries. At the time, Willibrord was about 58, an old man by medieval standards. Although he had been dedicated to the Church as a young child and tonsured at age 15, perhaps his fate in the afterlife weighed more heavily on his mind. Would God hold him accountable for the souls lost in Frisia?
Willibrord had been a missionary on the Continent since 690, following a 12-year stint in Ireland, where he might have been influenced by Ecgbert, who wanted to evangelize the pagan Saxons but was prevented from doing so, and Ecgbert's companion Wichtberct, who had tried preaching to the Frisians for two years without success.
He decided to seek Pepin's protection soon after arriving at Utrecht. Pepin was successful on the battlefield, having won Utrecht and Vechten from Radbod.
Pepin and Willibrord's relationship was mutually beneficial. For a medieval ruler, God's favor was essential for victory. Another reason for a Frankish aristocrat to care about the Frisians' religion has as much to do with politics as saving souls. Pepin had pagan enemies in the Danes and the Saxons to the north and east. If the Frisians were Christian, they would be more likely to ally themselves with the Franks.
To that end, Pepin wanted Willibrord to have the pope's blessing for the mission in Frisia and sent Willibrord to Rome in 692. Willibrord returned to Rome three years later, was consecrated a bishop, and received a pallium, a vestment for high-ranking clergymen specially honored by the pope.
Willibrord's mission took him into northern Francia, Frisia, and Denmark, the last of which he gave up on except for 30 boys he instructed and had baptized. He suffered a setback when the aging and ailing Pepin died on Dec. 16, 714. Francia was torn apart as Ragenfred (allied with Radbod), Plectrude, and Charles fought for control. Willibrord retreated to Echternach.
Sources don't say if Willibrord agonized over his decision between Plectrude and Charles or prayed about it, but he decided to support Charles, despite his past with Plectrude. Perhaps he reasoned that the only way for him or his successors to get back to the mission of saving souls in Frisia was for Charles to defeat Radbod.
Apparently, Willibrord, later known as the Apostle of the Frisians, made the right decision. In 718, Charles had a decisive victory against Radbod, who died a year later of unknown causes, anything from illness to complications from his wounds to assassination by his own people. With this Frankish victory, Willibrord was again in Frisia, perhaps taking on secular responsibilities as administrator of Frisian lands in addition to spiritual duties.
His decision would have a larger impact than he originally realized. For three years, his assistant in Frisia was the much younger Boniface, later a saint called the Apostle of Germany.
This post was originally published on English Historical Fiction Authors on March 24, 2014.


We worked with interior designer, Kirsty McMorron, Creative Director and owner of interior design practice, Absolute Abode.
Kirsty was in the process of opening an interiors shop and cafe, and wanted leather seating. She had a specific shade of blue in mind, and we were able to accommodate that using Boxmark Royal Lagoon. We then liaised directly with the shopfitters, Octagon, to supply the leather. Two years on, this project still looks great.


This presentation is a case study of an ongoing collaboration between Special Collections and the university's scientific communities. Grounded in the STEAM approach, which integrates the arts and humanities into science education, Special Collections mounts a yearly exhibition aimed at making scientific concepts accessible to a general audience. In conjunction with a campus-wide symposium, we work closely with faculty and staff in the biological and social sciences to determine the exhibition theme, inform our selection of materials, and develop public programming. Collaborating with practicing scientists in this way has become a form of mutual outreach, challenging each group to learn about new topics, interact with new communities, and think about science and history from new perspectives.
This presentation highlights the implementation of the Archival Scholars Research Awards program in collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh's Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences. Encouraging students to engage with rare materials, awardees work with faculty to develop independent research projects that draw upon resources in the University of Pittsburgh's archives and special collections. Students receive archival training from librarians, archivists, and curators, attend workshops, and participate in an end of term presentation. This training is intended to supplement the student's independent research and provide them with an opportunity to grow as a student while at the same time increasing the discoverability of collections. These awards drive intellectual curiosity and give undergraduate students an outlet for their creativity while providing a foundation in rare books and manuscripts research.
This case study describes a pilot project that shifted the transcription and annotation of primary sources to students in a history class. The process required selling the idea to a senior faculty member, navigating institutional bureaucracy, and gaining support from other departments in the library. It required crafting the assignment and instructions for students, hiring a graduate assistant to provide support, teaching and coaching students in the class, and managing all aspects of the project. The project achieved the goal of generating online content, while providing guidance for using this kind of assignment in future classes. Student response to the assignment was largely positive, yet work to complete the project was greater than anticipated. The results highlight the need for careful planning and flexibility.
Special collections libraries have rich and widely diverse resources for K-12 teachers and students interested in moving beyond the constraints of their textbooks, formal curricula, and web browsing. Those resources can be invaluable tools for younger students who want to delve deeper into subject matter while honing advanced research skills. From organizational records and manuscripts, to photographs, fine art, and maps, along with rare or curated secondary material and digital collections, special collections have the potential to open a world of knowledge and information literacy to students. By taking ourselves out of the reading room and closed stacks and sharing skills, special collections professionals can provide essential services beyond preservation and access to our other community "treasures": students developing their ability to learn.


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Alexis Cordesse
Sans titre, Forêt primaire de Nyungwe, Rwanda, 2013
C-Print, printed under the artist's supervision
Print: 35 x 47 inchessigned and numbered by the artist
Hello, can I have more information about the artwork : Alexis Cordesse Sans titre, Forêt primaire de Nyungwe, Rwanda, 2013 C-Print, printed under the artist's supervision
Print: 35 x 47 inches INV Nbr. AC1405001 Kindly.
Alexis Ntare, 2004
Inkjet print on cotton paper Canson Rag photographique 310g, printed by the artist
Print: 11,8 x 15,7 inches
Hello, can I have more information about the artwork : Alexis Cordesse Alexis Ntare, 2004 Inkjet print on cotton paper Canson Rag photographique 310g, printed by the artist
Print: 11,8 x 15,7 inches INV Nbr. AC1405003 Kindly.
Salah Ad-In Street, 2009
C-Print, numbered and signed
Hello, can I have more information about the artwork : Alexis Cordesse Salah Ad-In Street, 2009 C-Print, numbered and signed
Print: 21,7 x 73,2 inches Kindly.
Border Lines, 2011
Portfolio with ten color prints
Hello, can I have more information about the artwork : Alexis Cordesse Border Lines, 2011 Portfolio with ten color prints
9 x 13 inches Kindly.
Bab El Zawiyeh Boundary between the new town and the old town of Hebron, Palestinian Territories, 2009.
Green Line The Green Line, limit between East and West Jerusalem, Israel - Occupied Territories, 2009.
Jaffa Jaffa, Israel, 2010.
Separation Barrier Crossing point between Israel and the territories under Palestinian Authority control. Qalandia, Palestinian Territories, 2010.
Interior Wall Separation wall between Moshav Nir Tzvi and the arab quarter of Pardes Snir, Lod, Israel, 2010.
Landscape of Judea Area under construction, Israeli settlement of Maale Adoumim, Occupied Territories, 2009.
Meeting point Palestinian woman and jewish settler, Hebron, old town, Palestinian Territories, 2009.
Views on Gaza Israeli politicians observing the Gaza Strip, Sderot, Israel, 2010.
Salah ad-Din Street Salah ad-Din Street, East Jerusalem, Occupied Territories, 2009.
Unrecognized The remains of Al-Arakib, a Bedouin village in the Negev desert, Israel, 2010.
Hossain, Mahan et Ismaël, 2003
Calendered Lambda print
Hello, can I have more information about the artwork : Alexis Cordesse Hossain, Mahan et Ismaël, 2003 Calendered Lambda print
Rebecca et Alexandre, 2003
Hello, can I have more information about the artwork : Alexis Cordesse Rebecca et Alexandre, 2003 Calendered Lambda print
Farid, 2003
Hello, can I have more information about the artwork : Alexis Cordesse Farid, 2003 Calendered Lambda print
Slimane et Hakima, 2003
Hello, can I have more information about the artwork : Alexis Cordesse Slimane et Hakima, 2003 Calendered Lambda print
Image: 11,8 x 15,7 inches
Hello, can I have more information about the artwork : Alexis Cordesse Thomas, 2003 Calendered Lambda print
Image: 11,8 x 15,7 inches INV Nbr. AC1406001 Kindly.
Alexis Cordesse (Paris, 1971) is a photographer whose work with images is often combined with work with words or sound to produce hybrid objects that explore the lack of images and their relationship to historical narrative.
Initially a photoreporter, he covers the major conflicts of the post-Cold War era. His photographs were published in the French and foreign press and exhibited at the Visa pour l'Image festival (1992). He participates in the first World Press Master Class (1995). From the mid-90s, his practice moves away from photo-reportage. He returns to the fields of current events (Rwanda, Palestine, Syria,...) with other ethical and plastic requirements to propose forms likely to translate another reality than the one that generally reaches us through the media. His approach is nourished by a reflection on the responsibility of images and the ethics of witness.
His work has been presented at the Dokumenta XI in Kassel (2002), at the ICP in New York (2003), in Paris during the Month of Photography (2010 & 2017), and at the Louvre as part of the exhibition A Brief History of the Future (2015). They can be found in many public and private collections, including the Fonds national d'art contemporain, the FRAC Auvergne, the Nicéphore Niépce Museum, the Bibliothèque nationale de France, and the Neuflize Vie ABN AMRO collection. The short film Itsembatsemba received the Merit Winner at the San Francisco International Film Festival in 1997, as well as a special mention at the Bilbao Documentary Film Festival the same year. Alexis received the Lucien & Rodolf Hervé Prize in 2010, the Arcimboldo Prize in 2011 for his project Borderlines.
• Bibliothèque nationale de France
• Fonds national d'art contemporain
• FRAC Auvergne
• Musée Nicéphore Niépce
• Collection Neuflize Vie ABN AMRO
• Fondation Swiss Life
• Artothèque d'Annecy
Rwanda : photographier la folie humaine
Arte.tv , April 5 2014
Jean Hatzfeld et Alexis Cordesse
France Inter , March 26 2014
"Le Rwanda, blessures d'images" par Alexis Cordesse
France Inter , March 8 2014
"L'Aveu", paroles et visages de génocidaires
Libération , April 6 2004
Olympe - Alexis Cordesse
Alexis Cordesse : série Olympe, 2015-2016
Alexis Cordesse interroge le génocide et les images au Rwanda
RFI Afrique
The genocide in Rwanda occurred in an atmosphere of general indifference.
On April 6, 1994, President Juvénal Habyarimana was assassinated and the remaining political authority immediately put into effect an extermination plan designed to eliminate both opposition to the political regime in power and all the Tutsis in Rwanda. In less than 100 days, the military, militias, and civilians murdered between 800,000 to a million people. Then, the genocidaires forced 2.5 million Hutus–a great many of whom had participated in the murders to flee to the borders.
Former photo reporter, Alexis Cordesse went to Rwanda for the first time in 1996, two years after the genocide, and in the hills questioned the survivors, noted the signs of emptiness and absence, and the traumatic sequels of the aftermath.
Before the unimaginable, he realized that he had to rethink his approach by questioning the failure of images to inform. From then on, he returned regularly to Rwanda and dedicated several bodies of work to the evocation of these events. His approach connects photographs, archival documents, and witness accounts. Alexis Cordesse's way of working is far from a moralizing discourse on mass crime, the suffering victims, the inhumanity of the executioner. Rather it is an inquiry on the power of images to speak out uniquely and by themselves about the essence of what happened.
His approach also invites the viewer to reflect on the crime rather than to contemplate the image.
BORDER LINES
ISRAEL, PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES, 2009-2010
Border Lines is a documentary project layouts thanks to the digital technologies. Realized from photos taken in Israel and in the Palestinian Territories, the images testify of the fragmentation of a territory, criss-crossed by tangible and invisible frontiers. Omnipresent, they determine spaces and people in this region of the world, stage for permanent news, wherein the slightest turbulence engages the values of East and West. Everything is separation and saturation. Using photography in its composite form, these photographs are assemblies. They maintain with the reality an utopian and descriptive relationship.
I choose places characterized by the concrete and symbolic constructions of public spaces which seek to align themselves with identity, relations and history. I decide on a point of view and I take, over time (from a few minutes to more than an hour), photographs of these spaces and of the people therein. Then, with my computer, I organize these photographs as a panorama, by adding or subtracting fragments of images in a more or less perceptible way. Border Lines is serie that borrowes from the street scene and landscape genres. The reconstructed spaces and actions function, therefore, according to their proper temporality. Everything is true and yet false.
In the summertime, the pool of the suburban town of Châtillon–Malakoff, located just outside and to the south of Paris, is one of the biggest draws of any swimming pool in the Paris area. The Olympic-sized outdoor pool and its surrounding lawns attract up to 2,500 people daily. Some come to swim, others to cool off, while yet others set out picnic spreads, flirt or doze off. The crowd is remarkably varied – socially, culturally and in terms of age group. This broad human spectrum was what initially inspired this project.
In July 2003, I set up an outdoor studio near the pool to take portraits of anonymous persons in swimsuits. There is nothing natural, neither than truth in these portraits. These photographs are the product of a long and often arduous exchange between me and the model: make self-sacrifice to make public his image. Embody, by the photographic representation, the singular presence to the world of each, while celebrating his beauty.
Malakoff - Châtillon, France, 2003.
March 28 - May 17 2014
Jérusalem, Izmir, Alger
September 11 - October 12 2013
April 19 - May 25 2017
L'inactualité de la photographie
Ezra Nahmad


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Red Tails conduct joint air integration exercise
U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army and partner nation combat controllers coordinated with F-15E Strike Eagles assigned to the 332nd Air Expeditionary Wing and conducted Close Air Support 9-Lines with target correlation.
55th FS, FGS return to Shaw AFB after 6-month deployment to USCENTCOM
Airmen from the 55th Fighter Squadron and Fighter Generation Squadron recently returned home to Shaw Air Force Base after a six-month long deployment to an undisclosed location in Southwest Asia.
Tuskegee Airman describes service, time as POW during virtual call with 332nd AEW
A pilot who fought Germans in WWII, was shot down, captured and survived to tell about it, met virtually with deployed Airmen at the 332nd Air Expeditionary Wing Feb. 17.
Agile Lightning demonstrates nimble operations
Adaptive basing exercises require all levels of the squadron to deploy small teams of Airmen and aircraft for a short amount of time to hone their skills. This was the first adaptive basing methodology exercise for the F-35A in the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility.
Airman fulfills passion to serve, builds future
A squadron of Airmen huddle around a construction site. From a distance they all look identical, same sand t-shirts, same camouflaged pants, and same red hard hats.


text:
Q: Delete duplicate rows with different index values in Pandas I have a dataframe containing product data with product ID stored as the index value and other attributes as the columns. Due to human error, sometimes duplicate entries for the same item occur and I need to filter out these duplicates. Everything is the same for a given duplicate row from the previous row except the ProductID (index value).
Is there a way to delete rows that contain the exact same values that are clearly duplicate entries despite having different index values? A sample of what i'm referring to is below:

A: Sure, You can use drop_duplicates() function from pandas. Look at the below example.
df = pd.DataFrame({
    'id': [0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
    'brand': ['Yum Yum', 'Yum Yum', 'Indomie', 'Indomie', 'Indomie'],
    'style': ['cup', 'cup', 'cup', 'pack', 'pack'],
    'rating': [4, 4, 3.5, 15, 5]})

df.drop_duplicates(subset=['brand', 'style', 'rating'])

As you can see, I used drop_duplicates() function with parameter subset=[] which allows me to set columns, witch, I want to analyze. If you want to read more about this function click here.
To improve the code above you can use
subset=df.columns.difference(['id'])

instead of
subset=df.columns.difference(['id'])

It allows to passing name of the column which shouldn't be analyzed, in your case you should use code like this:
df.drop_duplicates(subset=df.columns.difference(['ProductID']))

A: What you need is:
df.drop_duplicates(inplace=True, ignore_index=True)

The ignore_index=True will create a new continuos index ProductIDs (without gaps)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Briony wears a Small kit. She measures: 169cm tall, 76cm waist, 87cm chest, 84cm hips & weights 56kg. Briony enjoys her kit "race cut".
Oi, Aunt Brenda! That hand sketch you drew looks awesome. It would look sick as a kit".True story! She's an absolute hoot and a family favourite ... why not bring some for her fancy fine hand sketches to life. Onya, Aunt Brenda!
Monochrome design at its best ... it never dates or looks out of place.
We still have no idea how the Nintendo Zapper Gun works. There must have been some sort of black magic involved allowing you to point a plastic gun at an old school TV screen and shoot ducks. However it worked ... it worked well ... so well in fact I personally blame Duck Hunt the game for why I can't do my times tables due to hours spent Zapping away in the 80's.
Its a clear calm night. The sky is translucent ... not a cloud in the sky. You tilt your head back and ponder towards the galaxy's. You spot one bright star among the millions. "Has anyone ever noticed that star before ... I think it belongs to me". That little bright star vanishes but you know it will be back again.


text:
533 F. 2d 721 - United States v. W Samson
533 F2d 721 United States v. W Samson
UNITED STATES of America, Appellee,
Armand W. SAMSON, Defendant-Appellant.
First Circuit.
Argued March 4, 1976.
Decided April 13, 1976.
Ray R. Pallas, Westbrook, Maine, by appointment of the Court, for defendant-appellant.
Peter Mills, U. S. Atty., Portland, Maine, for appellee.
Before ALDRICH, McENTEE and CAMPBELL, Circuit Judges.
ALDRICH, Senior Circuit Judge.
Defendant was indicted in the district court for the District of Maine for receiving firearms in commerce after having "been convicted by a court . . . of a felony." 18 U.S.C.App. § 1202(a)(1). It appeared at the trial that the alleged firearms had been stolen in New York on January 30, and were purchased by defendant at his apartment in Maine on February 14 and 15, 1975. At that time defendant had been convicted of a felony in the state court, but the conviction was (and presently is) on appeal.
Defendant's present appeal raises several matters. His first contention is that the statute requires a final conviction. Concededly, this is solely a question of construction; lawfully a classification may be based upon a mere indictment. United States v. Craven, 6 Cir., 1973, 478 F.2d 1329, cert. denied, 414 U.S. 866, 94 S.Ct. 54, 38 L.Ed.2d 85; United States v. Thoresen, 9 Cir., 1970, 428 F.2d 654, 661-62. Defendant argues that where Congress did not include indictments, it must have intended the other extreme. This does not follow. By its normal meaning a defendant has been "convicted by a court" even though the conviction may sometime be reversed. Whether only a final conviction is meant in the particular instance is a matter of overall intent. If the disability imposed by the statute is sufficiently serious to the defendant, it might be appropriate to take the more restricted meaning. E.g., Donnell v. Board of Registration, 1930, 128 Me. 523, 149 A. 153 (cancellation of physician's registration); State v. DeBery, 1954, 150 Me. 28, 103 A.2d 523 (revocation of driver's license without notice of hearing); cf. State v. Mottram, 1962, 158 Me. 325, 184 A.2d 225 (enhanced sentence for "habitual offender"). But where the consequences of the deprivation are relatively slight compared with the gravity of the public interest sought to be protected, we would give "convicted by a court" its normal meaning. United States v. Wooten, 4 Cir., 1974, 503 F.2d 65 (per curiam); United States v. Liles, 9 Cir., 1970, 432 F.2d 18; cf. United States v. Williams, 8 Cir., 1973, 484 F.2d 428, 430; Cassity v. United States, 6 Cir., 1975, 521 F.2d 1320. Nor are we persuaded by defendant's claim that since what is regarded as a felony may be measured by state law, see 18 U.S.C.App. § 1202(c)(2) Congress intended the meaning of convicted to depend upon the local law's singularities, if any.
The government did not fail to prove that the items were in fact firearms. Its expert's qualifications were for the court to determine. It was not necessary for the arms actually to have been fired in order to establish that they were firearms. See 18 U.S.C.App. § 1202(c)(3); United States v. Liles, ante, 432 F.2d at 19-20.
Finally, defendant attacks the sufficiency of the warrant. The reliability of the secret informant was sufficiently established; the elapse of time was adequately short, and the descriptions were exact. Finally, the location of defendant's apartment was established; the sole question is whether there was shown a sufficient likelihood of the guns being there. The informant had stated that defendant had brought the handguns to the informant's apartment and exhibited them for sale, and had then left with them, "and as far as he knows (defendant) took the guns to his apartment." The question is perhaps close. However, the affidavit, at least by a reasonable inference, indicates that defendant had no regular place of business. If he was peddling the guns, we think it a fair inference that their regular storage place would be at his personal abode, particularly when he was there himself. Cf. United States v. Rahn, 10 Cir., 1975, 511 F.2d 290, 293-94, cert. denied, 423 U.S. 825, 96 S.Ct. 41, 46 L.Ed.2d 42, 10/6/75; United States v. Lucarz, 9 Cir., 1970, 430 F.2d 1051, 1055. The officers entered when defendant was in the apartment. The motion to suppress was properly denied.


text:
Q: AsyncTask return null I'm working on app that enables me to load users from php mysql and when I select on of them it opens a new activity to display the name of user and button to delete it. the problem is when I run the app, AllUsersActivity dosen't return the users. It displays an empty page here is the code of the method LoadAllUsers, there was an "else " to move to another avtivity to create user if there was not any user. but I removed it because I want it to display users and delete them without adding. After I removed the add part it returned to me null, although the connection is working right and it retrived the data from the DB in the logcat. can anyone help me with it please
/**
     * Background Async Task to Load all users by making HTTP Request
     * */
    class LoadAllUsers extends AsyncTask<String, String, String> {

        /**
         * Before starting background thread Show Progress Dialog
         * */
        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
            pDialog = new ProgressDialog(AllUsersActivity.this);
            pDialog.setMessage("Loading users. Please wait...");
            pDialog.setIndeterminate(false);
            pDialog.setCancelable(false);
            pDialog.show();
        }

        /**
         * getting All users from url
         * */
        protected String doInBackground(String... args) {
            // Building Parameters
            List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            // getting JSON string from URL
            JSONObject json = jParser.makeHttpRequest(url_all_users, "GET", params);

            // Check your log cat for JSON reponse
            Log.d("All users: ", json.toString());

            try {
                // Checking for SUCCESS TAG
                int success = json.getInt(TAG_SUCCESS);

                if (success == 1) {
                    // user found
                    // Getting Array of user
                    user = json.getJSONArray(TAG_USER);

                    // looping through All users
                    for (int i = 0; i < user.length(); i++) {
                        JSONObject c = user.getJSONObject(i);

                        // Storing each json item in variable
                        String U_mail = c.getString(TAG_UMAIL);
                        String Name = c.getString(TAG_NAME);

                        // creating new HashMap
                        HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();

                        // adding each child node to HashMap key => value
                        map.put(TAG_UMAIL, U_mail);
                        map.put(TAG_NAME, Name);

                        // adding HashList to ArrayList
                        usersList.add(map);
                    }
                }
            }

            catch (JSONException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();  }

            return null;
        }

/**
         * After completing background task Dismiss the progress dialog
         * **/
        protected void onPostExecute(String file_url) {
            // dismiss the dialog after getting all users
            pDialog.dismiss();
            // updating UI from Background Thread
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    /**
                     * Updating parsed JSON data into ListView
                     * */
                    ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(
                            AllUsersActivity.this, usersList,
                            R.layout.list_item, new String[] { TAG_UMAIL,
                                    TAG_NAME},
                            new int[] { R.id.um, R.id.name });
                    // updating listview
                    setListAdapter(adapter);
                }
            });

here is the logcat
04-23 09:22:36.814: W/System.err(916): org.json.JSONException: No value for users
04-23 09:22:36.814: W/System.err(916):  at org.json.JSONObject.get(JSONObject.java:354)
04-23 09:22:36.814: W/System.err(916):  at org.json.JSONObject.getJSONArray(JSONObject.java:544)
04-23 09:22:36.824: W/System.err(916):  at com.example.androidhive.AllUsersActivity$LoadAllUsers.doInBackground(AllUsersActivity.java:140)
04-23 09:22:36.824: W/System.err(916):  at com.example.androidhive.AllUsersActivity$LoadAllUsers.doInBackground(AllUsersActivity.java:1)
04-23 09:22:36.824: W/System.err(916):  at android.os.AsyncTask$2.call(AsyncTask.java:287)
04-23 09:22:36.865: W/System.err(916):  at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:234)

 04-23 09:22:36.924: W/System.err(916):     at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1080)
    04-23 09:22:36.924: W/System.err(916):  at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor

.java:573)

A: You don't have an onPostExecute() override, there you should be dismissing the dialog and updating your UI.
I also noticed you use return null; in your doInBackground() method, if you want to return a string as your method signature suggests then you would return a string here to pass into the onPostExecute() method.
As Gordak suggested you could change your method signature to AsyncTask<Void, Void, ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> (NB you have to use a capital V for Void ) then you can simply return your HashMap and process it in onPostExecute()
EDIT
I noticed a couple of things with your updated question, first, your exception is being caused because when you try to load the users array the field isn't found in the JSON.
user = json.getJSONArray(TAG_USER); Check your feed to make sure there aren't any typos in the field names, or TAG_USER.
Second you always apss null into your onPostExecute() so the file path will always be null.
Finally, onPostExecute() always executes on the UI thread so you don't need the runOnUIThread() call.

A: I don't understand what you are trying to do. I guess you what to get data from a JSON string. Looking at your code, this data contains some an array of JSONObject. Each object containing a mail and a name.
What I would probably do in this case. Instead of extending a AsyncTask<String, String, String>, extend a AsyncTask<void, void, ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>>. This way, your doInBackground method return a ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> which is maybe more interesting than a single String.
At the end of your for loop, return usersList.
If you get an exception, handle it and return null or a empty new ArrayList> object.
Then decide what you are going to do in the onPostExecute method.
Hope it helps you.


text:
Traditional Funerals
Green Funerals
Burials at your home or private land
How to personalise a funeral
Disbursements (Third Party)
Religious & Non-Religious Funerals
Burials At Sea
Coffins, Caskets & Urns
Disposing Of Cremated Remains
Funeral Choices
Ashes Into Glass
Bereavement Advice
Bereavement Counselling
Chapels of Rest
Funeral Education & Training
Headstones & Monuments
My Funeral Request
Private & Personal Family Messages
The Shropshire Funeral Plan
A Letter For Your Reflection
Funerals : Guidance
Planning a funeral is never easy,
When you suffer a bereavement, a funeral for a member of your family is the most difficult day of your life. Everything your family and friends ever thought about a loved one is expressed on that day.
Traditional Funerals.
Perry & Phillips can offer a wide range of cemeteries and crematoriums throughout Shropshire and the West Midlands, with both Cremation and Burial sites being used for all varieties of religious service. Please use the links below to view some of the crematoriums and burial sites we use.
Cremation Funerals
Please click on the links below to take you to the following Crematoriums.
Telford Crematorium
Stourbridge Crematorium
Emstrey 'Shrewsbury' Crematorium
Gornal Wood Dudley' Crematorium
Bushbury 'Wolverhampton' Crematorium
Wyre Forest Crematorium
For further information on Crematoriums please contact us at Perry and Phillips.
Burial Funerals
Bridgnorth Town council is one of our main council-run cemeteries, but there are many more churchyards and further more council-run cemeteries in this area. If you would like more details on these, please contact us at Perry & Phillips.
Bridgnorth Town Council Cemetery
Woodland Burials, Green Burials and Natural Burials
Today, many more people are taking real control over their burials and are considering different sorts of funeral as an alternative to traditional religious services and cremations. The last ten years has seen a huge increase in the number of natural or green burials, which are seen as a more environmentally friendly way of returning the body to the earth and seem to offer a more holistic approach to the whole process of death.
For further information on burial funerals please read more below.
Woodland, Green & Natural Burials
Today, many more people are taking real control over the disposal of their human remains and are considering different sorts of funeral as an alternative to traditional religious services and cremations. The last ten years has seen a huge increase in the number of natural or green burials, which are seen as a more environmentally friendly way of returning the body to the earth and seem to offer a more holistic approach to the whole process of death.
The rise of woodland burial sites has been quite remarkable, from just one in 1993 to over 200 such sites today, more than half of which have opened in the last five years. Green and woodland burials now account for about 5,000 burials each year and there are new sites being planned. Many are quite small, but others have planning permission for several thousand burials.
Some are operated by local authorities and others run privately as businesses, or a few as non-profit or charitable concerns. They can range from nature reserves, to flower meadows, woodlands or agricultural land being developed into new woodlands or meadows.
The sites are not usually consecrated and are available to anybody of whatever persuasion and plots cost in the region of £500-£800. Digging the grave may be extra and some burial grounds will also provide a biodegradable coffin and collect the body for a fee. It is important to check how long the burial rights will last and what will happen to the grave when these run out or when the site is full.
For those not using undertakers, cardboard and wooden coffins are obtainable, as well as woollen shrouds. However an increasing number of undertakers will offer assistance with a woodland burial, such as providing transport of the body and an appropriate coffin. Check their websites and ask when comparing prices.
Coffins must be of biodegradable materials such as untreated wood, cardboard, willow or bamboo. Shrouds and clothes must also be of natural materials such as cotton, linen and wool. A number of companies now offer biodegradable coffins and shrouds, with options to decorate them to personal taste.
Headstones are usually not allowed, but the grave may be marked either by a small stone or wooden plaque on the ground or a tree planted nearby. The grave may also be marked with a microchip or GPS coordinates so that it can be found again easily by visiting relatives.
Not all burial grounds have a building in which a service can be held, so the service may have to be outdoors.
Shropshire Green Burial Grounds
Westhope Green Burial Ground
Near Craven Arms
Ludford Park Meadow Of Remembrance
37 Mary Elizabeth Road
Ludford Park Meadow Of Remembrance Website
Fenns Meadow Green Burial Ground
Alkington Grange
Alkington
SY13 3NH
Fenns Meadow Green Burial Ground Website
Religious Funerals
Christian Funerals
The name Christian actually covers a broad variety of cultures, crossing all continents. In the UK it is estimated that there are up to 220 different Christian denominations, and funeral rituals may differ from church to church.
Essentially, the Christian belief is one of resurrection and the continuation of the human soul, which stems from a trust in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ as a way to everlasting life.
Many people call themselves 'Christian' but may not be actively linked with a church, and some churches may decline to hold a funeral service for someone who has not been an active member.
Many churches have specially written funeral services, as well as special readings, prayers and hymns (songs). These will include readings from the holy book, the Bible.
Some funerals may include a special service called, Holy Communion, Eucharist or Mass which recalls the last supper that Jesus Christ shared with his disciples before his death.
At the end of the service, special prayers are said either when the mourners are standing around the grave or if it is a cremation, when the coffin disappears from view.
It is traditional to wear dark clothes to funerals and black ties with suits, but sometimes, people prefer to wear bright clothes as a celebration of life and resurrection.
Some funeral services may be followed later by a memorial, particularly if the family prefer a simple, private funeral. The memorial service provides the opportunity to celebrate the life of the deceased with a wider group of friends and colleagues.
Jewish Funerals
Jewish funerals are governed by a set of rituals and traditions which particularly apply to the seven immediate family members; the spouse, mother, father, son, daughter, brother or sister.
Some of the rituals may differ according to the different Jewish communities. Sephardi Jews originate from Spain and the Middle East and Ashkenazi Jews originate from Eastern Europe and Russia . Whilst Sephardi Jews have a strong communal bond, Ashkenazi may be divided into Orthodox, Conservative and Reform communities.
Every Jewish community has a burial society called a Chevra Kadisha who prepare the body for burial and help make the funeral arrangements.
Jewish burials are usually held within 24 hours of death, but may be delayed if immediate family members have to travel long distances.
Most Jews are buried in a cemetary and some communities consider cremation a desecration of the body.
At the cemetery, the family and friends congregate in a small chapel with the coffin.
A symbolic small tear (Keriah) may be made in the mourner's clothes which represents a broken heart
A eulogy (hesped) is given by the rabbi or close family friend.
The Kaddish, an ancient prayer is recited in Hebrew and again after the coffin has been interred.
The coffin is taken to the gravesite and it is considered an honour to help shovel in the earth.
There is a symbolic washing of hands by everyone and everyone returns home.
In the evening, the first shiva will take place. This is the time when the mourners stay at home and will be visited by friends and acquaintances. A year of official mourning follows and certain communities will have specific customs associated with the year.
Hindu Funerals
For Hindus, death represents the transition of the soul from one embodiment to the next and is the means by which the spirit can ascend its journey towards Heaven or Nirvana.
Hindus believe in reincarnation and a Hindu funeral should be as much a celebration as a remembrance service.
Hindus cremate their dead and the burning of the dead body signifies the release of the spirit. The flames themselves are important as they represent the presence of the god Brahma, the creator.
The vast majority of Hindus come from the Indian continent and it is often an area of regret that a loved one has died far away from their homeland and its traditions.
As with all religions, ritual plays an important part. Ideally a Hindu should die while lying on the floor, in contact with the earth. Family members will perform prayers and although touching the corpse is considered polluting, many mourners will need to do so to say farewell.
White is the traditional colour and mourners will usually wear traditional Indian garments. If you are attending the funeral of a Hindu friend, it may be as well to ask what is appropriate to wear.
Prayers are usually said at the entrance to the crematorium and may be offered en-route.
Offerings such as flowers or sweetmeats may also be passed around and noise is also part of Hindu rituals, which may include horns and bells.
The chief mourner, usually the eldest son or eldest male in the family represents the whole family in saying goodbye to the deceased. They and sometimes all the male members may shave their heads as a mark of respect.
Scriptures are read and then the chief mourner will push the button to make the coffin disappear, as well as going below to ignite the cremator
After the cremation, the family may come together for a meal and prayers and begin a period 13 days mourning, when friends will visit and offer condolence.
Sikh Funerals
Founded in the 15th century, the Sikh religion has its origins in traditional Hindu beliefs but has its own teachings and central scriptures which lay down many of the traditions associated with death and funeral rites.
While rejecting the theory of re-birth, Sikhs of believe in an afterlife, when the soul meets with the supreme soul, God (Akal Purakh).
Cremation is the traditional method of disposal of the body, although other methods may be acceptable.
It is usual to go to the house of the family before departing for the crematorium and the body may be on display
Death is seen as an act of the Almighty and it is written in the scriptures that emotions should be kept under control, so family members may appear detached.
On the way to the crematorium, hymns may be sung and once there prayers may be recited and more hymns sung
The next of kin usually will press the button for the coffin to disappear
The ashes are normally scattered in the sea or running water
After the cremation, guests usually return to the family home where there will be more readings and hymns
The mourning period usually lasts between two and five weeks during which time other ceremonies may also be held.
Islamic Funerals
There are two major groups of Muslims – Shi'ite Muslims and Sunni Muslims
Funeral traditions tend to have developed over the centuries, rather than being set out in the religion's holy book – The Koran
Muslims try to bury the body within 24 hours of death if possible. They believe that the soul departs at the moment of death
The deceased is placed with their head facing the Muslim holy city of Makkah
Ritual washing is performed usually by family members or close friends, usually according to the sex of the deceased.
The body is wrapped in a shroud of usually simple, white material
Afterwards, salat (prayers) will be said for the deceased.
Funerals should be kept simple and respectful and it is forbidden to cremate the body of a Muslim.
Muslims are buried with their face turned to the right, facing Makkah and it is customary not to use a coffin.
Mourners may throw earth onto the coffin in the grave, The grave may be raised above ground level and any gravestone should be simple.
There is an official mourning period of three days, (longer for a remaining spouse) and this may include a special meal to remember the deceased.
Buddhist Funerals
It is estimated that there are up to 570 different varieties of Buddhism. There are few formal traditions relating to funerals and they are essentially seen as non-religious events.
The simple approach and emphasis on the person's state of mind leading up to death have led to a marked increase and interest in Buddhist funerals in the West.
Most Buddhist schools of thought concentrate on the spirit or mind of the deceased and agree that the physical body is just a shell. Many also share the Tibetan belief that the spirit of the deceased will undergo rebirth, usually after a period of 49 days.
Cremation is the generally accepted practice in Asia – the Buddha himself was cremated.
A simple service may be held at the crematorium chapel at which Buddhist readings may be recited.
Humanist Funerals
A Humanist funeral is increasingly common. It's simply more appropriate for those who neither lived according to religious principles, nor accepted religious views of life or death. A Humanist Funeral or memorial ceremony recognises no 'after-life', but instead uniquely and affectionately celebrates the life of the person who has died. Proper tribute is paid to them, to the life they lived, the connections they made and have left behind.
A typical ceremony will usually include:
Favourite or appropriate music (of any kind)
A welcome and a brief explanation of the ceremony
Poetry or prose readings
A 'tribute' to the deceased, mainly biographical, often with short contributions from family, friends and colleagues
A time of reflection for silent meditation or private prayer
The Committal or words of farewell
A brief close, which can include thanks and announcements
Prior to the funeral, a Humanist officiant will normally visit a family to map-out the ceremony and to form a rounded picture of the subject. At this stage it may also be important for families to freely discuss various options in relation to procedure during the ceremony.
Detailed preparation prevents reliance on a standard text or format, and in the days leading up to the ceremony time and care is devoted to writing and compiling a tribute both factually accurate and with the appropriate tone. By this process, each ceremony can be developed afresh with families who welcome the opportunity for choice and personal input. A printed copy of the ceremony is always provided for the family, to send to absent relatives or friends and kept as a memento.
Humanist funeral ceremonies may be conducted at crematoria, cemeteries, woodland burial grounds, and other burial grounds (subject to restriction).
Memorial ceremonies are more usually conducted elsewhere and after some time has elapsed following the funeral. However in some circumstances, for example where there is no body or a body has been accepted for medical research, a memorial ceremony may take the place of a funeral.
All Humanist officiants are non-judgemental, empathic and have wide life-experience; many have professional backgrounds.
They are accredited by the
British Humanist Association,
1 Gower Street , London WC1E 6HD
Website www.humanism.org.uk
Kate Spohrer:
http://funeralcelebrants.org.uk/details-for/kate-spohrer/677-654a
Civil Funerals
Civil Funerals have been available in most of the UK for many years now, delivered by a professional Civil Funeral Celebrant, who will be a member of the Institute of Civil Funerals. Full list of members available at www.iocf.org.uk/reg_members
A Civil Funeral is defined as: A funeral, which is driven by the wishes, beliefs and values of the deceased and their family, not by the beliefs or ideology of the person conducting the funeral.'
This means that the professional Celebrant is happy to include religious material as well as carrying out non-religious ceremonies. In this way Civil Funerals are somewhat different to humanist ceremonies, where religion will not be included. The Celebrant will spend time talking with family members and friends and will then write and deliver a full ceremony that will reflect the wishes of the family and those of the deceased. The Celebrant also discusses and arranges participation in the ceremony of any family or friends, music and readings.
What makes a Civil Funeral different?
The quality procedures in place to measure training of Celebrants and client satisfaction are second to none. Every ceremony script is checked and controlled by follow-up client questionnaires to maintain the highest possible quality. The Celebrant will ask a family member to check the text before the day so no minor details can be wrong and afterwards a full ceremony text is provided to the family.
Who are Civil Funeral Celebrants?
The person conducting the Ceremony will be a trained professional Celebrant. Often semi-retired professional people, Celebrants have empathy and gentleness, good delivery and writing skills and a real interest in improving funerals in the UK. Funeral Celebrants will have passed an externally accredited training course and will be a member of the Institute of Civil Funerals, providing them with a name badge they will wear whenever they visit homes or conduct a ceremony.
Despite Bridgnorth being located 'in-land', burials at sea are still a service we offer and can provide a family who wish for their loved ones remains to be be buried at sea. In Nelson's navy, burial at sea was a necessity. In modern Britain, it is perhaps more of an emotional impulse. But whatever the motive, burial at sea carries on, just as it has done for hundreds of years. Many of ex-Royal Navy and Royal Marines also still request burial at sea; using the link below will guide you through Armed Forces procedures:
https://www.royalmarinesassociation.org.uk/veterans-resettlement/burial-at-sea
Since 2001, 140 people have been laid to rest in the seas off the British coast, many of them former sailors from the Royal Navy or the Merchant Marine, although the numbers appear to be diminishing.
In 2002 there were 21 sea burials: last year there were only four, perhaps because the old servicemen whoserved in Second World War convoys, or have similar powerful attachments to the waves, have mostly passed on. But the tradition is still firmly continuing, and there has already been one burial at sea in 2013.
In Nelson's day they sewed the deceased up in a hammock, with the last stitch through the deceased nose including a couple of round shot at the deceased feet to ensure the body sunk.
Today, everything is carefully regulated by the Marine Management Organisation (https://www.gov.uk/burial-at-sea) and due to the logistics relating to the vessel used, normally a maximum of 12 people are allowed on the boat.
There are three designated sea burial sites.
One off Tynemouth in Northumberland,
One off Newhaven in East Sussex,
One three miles south of the Needles, the extreme westerly point of the Isle of Wight, and it is at this last site that the vast majority of sea burials take place.
Virtually all of the burials at se are carried out by a specialist Devon-based company, Britannia Shipping, which makes the funeral voyage from the Hampshire ports of Lymington or Keyhaven on chartered cruisers, with the coffin on deck under a flag – a white or red ensign, for the Royal Navy or the Merchant Navy, or the Union Jack.
Whatever the circumstances, the burial of human remains at sea requires a marine licence. Burial at sea is not normally encouraged mainly due to the tides and currents and this method of disposal can pose a significant risk of the body being returned to shore or being caught up in fishing gear. Such events naturally cause considerable distress to relatives and all concerned. To avoid that risk, the Marine Management Organisation recommend the scattering of cremation ashes at sea in place of burial where possible.
Specifications for the coffin
The coffin must be constructed to withstand the stress of entering the sea and its descent to and impact with the sea bed.
The coffin must be made of softwood and must not have any fittings of plastic, lead, copper or zinc.
The corners of the coffin should be butt-jointed and strengthened with either mild steel right angle brackets screwed internally, or substantial wooden bracing struts (such as 50 x 38 mm).
Forty to fifty 50 mm (2 inch) holes should be drilled in the coffin to facilitate rapid ingress of water so that the coffin sinks quickly.
200 kg of iron, steel or concrete should be clamped to the base of the coffin with brackets of 10 mm mild steel bar. Blocks of weak concrete mix are suitable. The weight should be distributed so that the coffin resists turning vertical when discharge to water.
Two mild steel bands must be applied from head to foot end of the coffin and at intervals of 30 cm around it to provide extra strength.
CREMATED REMAINS – Burial of, or scattering at sea
The MMO encourages burial or scattering of ashes at sea over full body burial at sea. All material put into the sea should be biodegradable and weighted so that they sink. No documentation is required to bury or scatter at sea.
If burying a casket containing cremated remains, adequate weights should be placed inside the casket and sufficient holes bored to allow the casket to sink. Plastic bags must not be used inside the casket.
One original way of disposing of cremated remains at sea is to place them in an un-kilned pot which when thrown, should be twice as thick as normal and the bottom would need to be at least two inches thick in order to make sure that it sinks when placed in the sea. The cremated remains can then be placed in the un-kilned pot and sealed with a lid of the same material. On entry into the water the pot will gradually disintegrate ensuring that the contents are dispersed in a dignified manner. Urns made of various degradable products, including compressed salt, are also now available for the dispersal of cremated remains in the sea.
Perry & Phillips Funeral Directors are members of the National Association of Funeral Directors and act in accordance with The Code of Practice that sets out the high standard of service that bereaved families may expect from its members.
Download The National Association of Funeral Directors Code Of Practice.
The Funeral Arbitration Scheme.
Being a Family run establishment, we also strive to ensure our environmental procedures are at the highest of standards and are constantly being reviewed. You can download our policy here below.
Download the Perry and Phillips Environmental Policy
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Shropshire Funeral Plan Terms & Conditions
Latest Family Press Notices
Pamela Audrey FORSYTH.
Lysbeth Mary PEAD
Jean Margaret PARRY
Violet RICKARDS
James Alan DAVIS
Chris Adams DIP, F.D., M.B.I.F.D.
Perry & Phillips Funeral Directors
4 Underhill Street
WV16 4BB
enquiries@perryandphillipsfunerals.com
https://www.perryandphillipsfunerals.com


Yordanos Stefanos, founder of YS Couture Designs and Event Planning, is an experienced fashion designer who studied Italian design for women's, men's, and children's wear. Ms. Stefanos unique talent and vast knowledge of fashion has led her to receive great acclaim in San Francisco and New York, where her designs were featured in several runways shows. Today, Ms. Stefanos specializes in women's fashion, and wedding gowns, evening wear and party gowns.


I had the great privilege to travel to Canada for two weeks with my good friend Mike McCormick to tour and record with Mike's Proxemics project, which also included the great Laura Swankey and the also great Emily Denison!
I have recorded my debut solo album which will be released on One Take Records in January 2018. Stay tuned!


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Cambodia, General news, Sweden
H&M refuses Cambodian workers' cries for help
by Sippachai Kunnuwong • February 12, 2013
200 factory workers has demonstrated on Feb 7 outside Phnom Penh Tower in Cambodia's capital where both H&M and the Swedish embassy is located.
Factory workers demonstrating outside H&M store and the Swedish Embassy in Cambodia. Photo: Framtiden.no
The protest was staged because the clothing factory Kingsland Garment Cambodia Ltd., a supplier of manufactured underwear for H&M, was suddenly closed without a warning on Jan 3.
Over a month later, the workers are still on the street, without payment and work and they are now demanding that H&M takes responsibility.
During the demonstration, the workers presented a letter addressed to H&M's CEO Karl-Johan Persson which stated that their former employees have owed them a total of 200,000 U.S. dollars.
H&M disclaims all liability explaining that the production has occurred without their knowledge and should have ended in June last year.
The workers, on the other hand, insisted that they produced clothing for the retail giant until mid-September.
Most of the workers are women who are now broke and in debt. They fail to afford food and water and many of them have been thrown out of their homes because they can not pay the rent.
"We are poor. We are hungry and afraid. We should not be forced to live like this. But we will unless H&M step in to help us," wrote the workers in the letter to the clothing company.
H&M has repeated its claims that the production was unauthorized by the company and that the workers' demands cannot be met.
One protester said: "Authorized or not, we are H&M workers and we are people!"
Watch here: a video campaign urging H&M and Walmart – both of which Kingsland had supplied products for, to take steps to help the workers' plight.
Source: Framtiden.no
Finland to help migrant workers
H&M, major brands decry violence against Cambodian workers
H&M, other brands support Cambodian workers' wage hike
← TNCC: Annual Seafood under the stars
Swedish proposition: Send the elderly to Thailand – services are cheaper →


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Reports: North America Freeze Drying Market Includes Latest Trends, Share, and Forecast 2030
Home > Advanced Materials > North America Freeze Drying Market Includes Latest Trends, Share, and Forecast 2030
North America Freeze Drying Market
North America Freeze Drying Market Predicted to Surpass USD 2.21 Billion by 2030 and Grow at 6.85% CAGR
The North America freeze drying market is expected to reach USD 2.21 billion by 2030, with a CAGR of 6.85%.
Lyophilization, also known as freeze drying, removes moisture from a raw, frozen product by using a vacuum system and a process known as sublimation.
Raw frozen food is sectioned into pieces of the proper size and then distributed evenly across trays before being stacked and placed in freezers. The product, having been sized, then freezes at an even colder temperature, achieving the ideal stage in which the object's initial shape can be preserved while still retaining its integrity.
Then, the trays are loaded into a freezer-drying chamber with a refrigeration unit and a door that closes securely. A process known as sublimation removes ice from the product by the vacuum system of the chamber, and the ice is converted straight to a vapour without passing through the liquid state. Because the water is removed from the product while frozen, the cell structure is preserved, and the finished product exhibits a close similarity to its new version. As a result, the piece maintains its identity.
Increasing preference for freeze-dried food and the growing middle-class population in Mexico & United States.
The growing middle-class population and international players' products in Mexico are driving up demand for freeze-dried foods. Furthermore, consumers in the country opt for freeze-dried products because they are an easy meal choice, convenient, and have a long shelf life. Freeze-dried yoghurt, for example, is a tasty on-the-go snack consumed during lunches and car trips, making it a popular product in the country.
Because of their hectic lifestyles, consumers increasingly demand freeze-dried foods such as gluten-free mozzarella cheese, which are used to make meal preparation easier. Furthermore, with many manufacturers in the country expanding their product portfolio by launching freeze-dried foods, the market in the region is expected to grow rapidly.
Alternative drying techniques are increasingly being used in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.
Lyophilization is costly with high operational costs, high energy consumption, high capital investment, and a long processing time. Freeze drying systems are capital-intensive, so companies dealing in food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology focus on alternative drying technologies to reduce overall product costs without sacrificing quality.
The primary alternative to freeze drying has been identified as spray drying. It is a one-step process for drying substances with greater scalability and lower equipment, facility, and utility costs. Furthermore, compared to Lyophilization, the drying cycle time for spray drying is significantly shorter, lowering operational costs for manufacturers. Other lyophilization methods include precipitation, vacuum-microwave dehydration, vacuum foam drying, glycerol use, and atmospheric freeze drying. The emergence of such low-cost alternatives is harming market growth. On the other hand, Lyophilization is the only way to deliver stable, biologically active products with a long shelf life.
Segment Overview
The market is segmented into Tray-style Freeze Dryer, Manifold Freeze Dryer, and Shell Freeze Dryer based on freezer type.
The tray freeze-dryers market is expected to dominate the segment. Tray freeze-dryers are more sophisticated than their counterparts, and they are used to dry a wide range of materials in both the pharmaceutical and food and beverage industries. The tray freeze-dryer freezes the product while performing unbound water removal and bound freeze drying, resulting in the driest possible end-products in long-term storage. Furthermore, these dryers allow operators to dry products in bulk, making them popular for long-term storage of pharmaceutical products such as vaccines.
The market is divided into Food and Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology and Others, based on end-user.
The food & beverage segment is expected to augment the market growth. There are three significant reasons which are contributing to this cause.
Individuals' hectic work schedules prompt them to opt for refrigerated, frozen, and canned food, increasing the demand for freeze drying equipment.
The growing number of female workers and nuclear families also drives the North America Freeze drying market. Working women have less time to cook, which increases the demand for convenience foods such as canned and frozen foods.
One of the primary benefits of freeze drying is extending the shelf life of nutritious food ingredients while also making food products versatile, accessible, and convenient. The demand for shelf-stable food drives the demand for these freeze drying processes in the food and beverage industry.
Highest Growth Expected in Pharmaceuticals Segment
In the pharmaceutical industry, freeze drying is widely used to improve labile drugs' stability and long-term storage stability, particularly protein drugs. Approximately half of the FDA and EMA-approved biopharmaceutical products are freeze-dried, indicating the importance of the freeze drying process in pharmaceuticals compared to other processes, despite the high cost and lengthy processing time.
Increasing life expectancy, rising R&D investments, surging foreign investment in developing markets, and rising customer spending has aided the pharmaceutical industry's growth. And as the prevalence of chronic diseases and obesity rises at an alarming rate, so makes the demand for pharmaceutical products across the board.
Countrywise Growth Insights Request Sample Pages
The North America Freeze drying Market is segmented into The U.S., Canada & Mexico based on country.
North America is expected to dominate the global freeze drying market during the forecast period. The rise could be attributed to the increased consumption of processed and convenience foods. The increasing busy lifestyle of residents, combined with the region's well-established B2B and B2C sales channels, has increased demand for this processed food.
North America has the world's largest pharmaceutical market and is a major pharmaceutical exporter. When pharmaceutical products are exposed to water and air, they degrade. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and chemists can extend the shelf life of these products by freeze drying them and storing them in oxygen and water-free container. This concern for preserving pharmaceutical products across the market drives regional market growth.
GEA Group
Azbil Corporation
Shanghai Tofflon Science Technology Co., Ltd.
IMA S.p.A.
SP Industries, Inc.
HOF Enterprise Group
Martin Christ Gefriertrocknungsanlagen GmbH
Millrock Technology, Inc.
OPTIMA Packaging Group GmbH
Azbil Corporation announced on May 27, 2022, that its digital mass flow controller model F4Q had won the prestigious iF Design Award 2022 in the product discipline for outstanding design.
December 2021, ATS Automation Tooling Systems Inc. ("ATS" or the "Company"), a market-leading provider of automation solutions, announced the successful completion of its acquisition of SP Industries, Inc. ("SP"), a designer and manufacturer of high-quality biopharma processing equipment, life sciences equipment, and lab apparatus products.
North America Freeze Drying Market: Segmentation
By Freezer Type
Tray-style Freeze Dryer
Manifold Freeze Dryer
Shell Freeze Dryer
Rest of North America


Congratulations Grace Ashton, USPC Athlete of the Week!
Grace is a figure skater at the Extreme Ice Center. When she is not training on the ice Grace can be found training in the weight room. Grace's positive attitude and will to become the best figure skater she can is infectious. She has been known not to leave the ice until she has mastered her routine perfectly. We appreciate her continued hard work and great attitude. Congratulations Grace!


As a financial institution, you have to find the best candidates to serve your customers. As it's important to find trustworthy, reliable, and honest employees for your bank, recruiting has to account for a major part of your duties. In our last post, we discussed some of the ways you can interview without violating the ADA. This time, we are going to give you insight into what to look for when it comes to finding qualified candidates for your bank. In addition, don't forget to secure your operation with an Employment Practices Liability Insurance policy.
This often indicates the candidate cannot hold down a job, which can raise some red flags for employers – especially bankers. However, it could also be due to circumstances that are beyond the candidate's control. If he or she seems otherwise qualified, read their cover letter to determine the cause. If a reason is not provided, ask them about it in the interview.
According to The Balance, attention to detail will yield an overall impression of your candidate's carefulness, and provides a picture of the candidate's potential success as an employee. Are words missing in sentences that a quick proofread would have caught? How about cut-and-paste errors? The applicant is applying to company X for the job posted but the name of the company, the job title, or the salutation on the cover letter are incorrect. These careless mistakes likely indicate the candidate didn't put enough time and effort into applying to your business, which is a red flag.
Red Flag #3: The candidate has been demoted or their career has plateaued.
People leave jobs and accept new ones for a variety of reasons. Therefore, examine the applicant's job history and determine whether they have gained experience and responsibility over the years. Or, if they left a certain position for a lesser role, inquire about that decision. Just because they made a lateral move doesn't equate to a red flag, but discuss this with the applicant in detail during an interview as it might have to do with other obligations, kids, ailing family members, etc.
Blog, EPLI Employment Practices Liability Insurance, EPLI, hiring, resume red flags permalink.


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By Katie Pederson
Ponies win Over New Glarus and Madison Country Day School
Sue Moen
Peter Gustafson had 15 points in the game against the New Glarus Knights and 26 points in the win over Madison Country Day School.
The Monticello Ponies hosted last year's Division 4 state champion the New Glarus Knights on December 2nd. Leading by 11 at the half, the Ponies kept pressure on the Knights in the second half and won the game. The final score was Monticello 74, New Glarus 63.
New Glarus jumped out to a 9-1 lead in the first five minutes of the game, and the Ponies went on a 13-0 run to take the lead shortly thereafter. New Glarus tied it up at 16, but the Ponies battled back with a 12-2 run to go up by 10 and after that the closest New Glarus could get was 6 points for the rest of the game.
"Last week w...
Lady Knights Win Over Cuba City
Cuba City Hands Belleville First Loss of Season
Lady Knights Win Over Palmyra-Eagle
Knights Crush Platteville
Monticello Boys Now Ranked Eighth in Division 5