text:
Our facial biometric authentication solution
Intuitive, fast and universal
designed for your customers!
Discover our solution
Uni-xperience eKY-ssey Authenti-ssey
Marketplaces Online dating platforms Vehicle rental Online gambling
Uni Team
Meet our Unique Team !
While empowering access individually, we standout by working together.
Captains of our Odyssey
The UniTeam is graduated from major engineering and business schools but is ABOVE ALL, composed of curious and passionate self-taught people.
The common point that drives us in the same direction is curiosity, the quest for technical and strategic challenges and the will to deliver high quality solutions for our society.
We believe that these powerful solutions come from the best of creative and communication thinking. Our strategy scales through highly collaborative and user-first approaches, whether traditional or not.
Let's see behind
Located in the heart of Paris, Unissey is also:
Impactful and empowering jobs.
An ambitious team that works in a healthy and simple atmosphere, conducive to fulfillment.
An endless knowledge sharing, as we are all unique!
Afterworks to take care of our creativity…
Liters of coffee drunk by
superpowers
Activated neurons
within our team
You belong with us!
The needs of our young and fast-growing company are focused around Tech, Artificial Intelligence, but also Business and Product.
Come on. See what roles are open and maybe you'll find the perfect match!
Uni-Spoil: Reviewing resumes is that one time we let go all our algorithms and place our human core values at the forefront.
A leading team of great enthusiasts!
Yassine Mountacif
Graduated from Ecole Polytechnique and UC Berkeley, Yassine founded Unissey in 2018. His goal? Empower our unique identities into one universal digital access. Named in the Forbes 30 under 30 list, Yassine tripled the Uni-skilled team in one year, attracting top talents from the best universities and companies. And after its first round of financing at €3 million with SEAF fund, better guess this odyssey is just starting!
Super-powered by cookies at all times (and definitely not the ones on the web)
Faouzy Soilihi
After graduating from CentraleSupelec (M. Eng) and HEC Paris (MBA), Faouzy has built an impressive proven track record in new technologies and innovation management. He is a driving force in product and IP development. In 2020, Faouzy joins Unissey as COO. He oversees the day-to-day administrative and operational business processes, from finance to legal, HR and procurement. NB: Cookie et caffeine supply is key to keep everyone on their toes!
Super-powered by running (master at chasing time).
Sébastien Brangoulo
After a PhD in applied mathematics and a post-doctoral position at SFR/Telecom Paris, Sébastien spent more than 11 years working on biometric technologies (face, iris and fingerprint). From business strategy to partnerships and European funded projects, he is fueled by the biometrics potion since long. In 2021, Sébastien brings his expertise at Unissey, as Chief Revenue Officer. He oversees revenue generation, managing products, marketing, communication and sales.
Super-powered by cafeine, cafeine and … cafeine ! rPPG can't even follow the pace.
Olivier Roblin
Olivier graduated from Supélec and then worked for more than 20 years in different startups in the audio and cell phone fields. Always looking up for innovation heart-racing moves, he joined Unissey in 2019 to take charge of product development and the technical team. Olivier creates the conditions to fluidify the processes and ensures the stability of the solution. He enables engineers to meet the technological challenges this odyssey brings up!
Super-powered by mountain bike (computing velocity and slope for optimum off-road riding).
Senior sales
Edwin Leveau
Graduated from Kedge Business School in International Business, Edwin studied in the USA, England and in Spain. Back to our beautiful country, he worked for six years as a Sales Manager in various technical fields, especially in Robotics. Strengthened by his multiple experiences in complex international sales, he joined Unissey in 2021 to take the experience even further!
Superpowered by: jokes, rugby and some way too complicated music
Lead Computer vision Engineer
Sheng Fang
After a PhD in Artificial Intelligence at the Sorbonne Université, Sheng worked three years as the technical leader in a young startup before joining Unissey in 2020 as Lead Developer of the face recognition system. He is always focusing on computer vision and machine learning. He has 10 years research and professional experiences in the field of biometrics since 2011.
Super-powered by: stopping, relaxing and rethinking always bring different ideas
Mansour Niang
With a degree in Business Development, Mansour finds pleasure in bringing his knowledge and experience to the service of clients. He will join the team in September 2021. He is driven by a huge desire to learn from others in order to better contribute to the development of Unissey.
Superpowered by: his favorite animal, the crocodile, which symbolizes calmness and patience.
AI Product Manager
Sophie Finet
Attracted by technological innovations and computer vision, Sophie joined Unissey in the spring of 2020, to strengthen the fast-growing R&D team. Prior to joining Unissey, she has worked a couple of years in London as a health economist. She graduated from the University of Cambridge (UK) and resumed her studies after her work experience in London by undertaking a MS in Data Science at l'ENSAE. She is now AI product manager at Unissey, and helps coordinate the R&D efforts and ensure they are aligned with the business requirements and overall strategy.
Super-powered by travelling by train, low or fast-paced she fits in all!
Sophie De Martres
Graduated from IESEG School of Management, Sophie trained in various business professions and never stopped learning ! In turn, she has worked as a Sales and Events Manager, a Branding Assistant and a Digital Project Manager. Always eager for new challenges, Sophie found her perfect fit as Marketing and Communications Manager at Unissey. Spreading a better and deeper understanding of deeptech technologies to its community is a challenge like no other. Passionate about creative tools and communication best tactics, this position offers her the perfect mission : create a powerful brand identity and bring it to life each and every day!
Super-powered by: Tropical sunshine. A daily dose of vitamin D and I'm off to go!
Computer Vision Engineer
Mohamed Bejaoui
Graduated from CentraleSupélec, Mohamed is a Computer Vision engineer at Unissey. During his college studies, he built his experience around innovative technologies. Before joining Unissey, Mohamed worked as a Data Engineer in a digital marketing start-up in Paris. He also had Data Science experience in a circular fashion start-up in Singapore.
Superpowered by: a mango sticky rice
Valentin Lachaud
Graduated in engineering from Grenoble INP, Valentin has always been a salesman at heart. Valentin joins the company at the beginning of 2021 as Lead Senior Sales. He likes to learn from the technical teams, and to actively participate in the development of Unissey.
Superpowered by: a game of golf, allowing him to be resilient, detail-focused and a man of thought
Customer success & Product owner
Laura Righi
Graduated from Paris Dauphine University, Laura has worked on AI projects within large consulting groups and for banking and financial clients. She has accompanied teams in different activities such as IT project management, change management and product representation. She joins the Unissey team in 2021 as Product Owner and follows up on all customer collaborations.
Super-powered by: Some good music to start the day!
Management Controller
Mariéta Fall
After graduating with a BTS (technical qualifications) in Accounting and Management and a Bachelor's degree in Financial Management, she is currently in her final year of a Master's degree program in Audit and Management. She joined Unissey as a Management Controller. She is passionate about Languages and Finance. "My objective is to set up an efficient management system to improve the relationship between deployed funds and the results that have been achieved ". She is consistent and dedicated in achieving her goals.
Super-powered by: Chocolate
Romain Cendre
With a background in computer science engineering and a recent PhD in computer science, Romain is looking for challenges to put his skills in the field to the test. Romain just joined Unissey in 2021 in order to bring his double expertise in computer science and research to the R&D team.
Super-powered by: sugar, coffee and…high-spirited colleagues, probably the best way to stay motivated!
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I am not a big fan of dryer sheets. They are expensive and the unscented seem to cost even more than the scented ones, which often make wheeze. And don't even get me started on liquid fabric softener!! I love to line dry, but that can also exacerbate my allergies and the clothes dry stiffly besides.
Along came the good people at Soft by Nature, Inc. with a wonderful little product called Woolzies. Woolzies is a set of six handmade, 100% pure New Zealand wool dryer balls. They soften fabric and lessen static cling without the harsh chemicals or continuing cost. They are also said to reduce drying time by up to 25%. And Woolzies are guaranteed for 1000 loads!!
This is what they look like -just little, round balls of wool. You just throw all six in the dryer along with your load of wet clothes, and the Woolzies go to work. You can hear them knocking around the dryer, but it's not nearly as loud as drying a pair of sneakers.
I was very happy with the Woolzies. They have almost completely replaced our old dryer sheets. My only complaint is that they love to get "stuck" in the most unusual places, and so we need to carefully comb the laundry after we pull it out of the dryer to make sure we have all six balls. We have found them rolled up in blankets or towels, and stuffed into socks, pants legs and sweater sleeves. But to me, hunting for dryer balls for a minute is a small price to pay to avoid the allergic reactions and excessive costs.
I also appreciate that Woolzies are hypoallergenic – the company says that even if you have a wool allergy they will not bother you, because they do not touch your skin and do not shed.
The best part about Woolzies, to me, is that they are handmade in the Democratic Republic of Nepal, and provide a steady source of income to the desperately needy women of that developing nation.
I received this product for free for the purpose of review. All opinions are 100% my own.
Woolzies retail for $34.95 and ship for free in the United States or $6.95 worldwide. You can purchase Woolzies here.
i love that they're 100% wool!
I think I'd really like the fact that they are eco friendly (no chemicals from dryer sheets) and they reduce the drying time for clothes therefore saving energy.
I like that woolzies reduce drying time.
No chemicals, none of that horrible (horrible!) scent that they put on dryer sheets.
I like that the woolzies will save energy by cutting down on the drying time.
What a unique product. Would like to try them out.
I like the reduction in drying time!
Not using dryer sheets anymore!
i love that they are reusable and eco-friendly!
I like the fact that it cuts down on my drying time!
I like not adding chemicals to our laundry.
No chemicals is what I love!
I'd love to see if these would speed up drying!
They are reusable and natural.
I always get breakouts from using dryer sheets so I would love these!
Reducing my drying time by 25%.
I like the reduced drying time.
The thing that caught my eye is that this product provides a job and income to women that really need it. I like that!
i think i would like everything about them. especially the fact that i dont have to use dryer sheets any more. yay!
I like that it can save me money!
I have heard lots of good things about the Woolzies, and would like to try them myself. I mean the money saving alone sounds good to me. Now a question I never ask is do they make noise bouncing around in the dryer.
Hi Cindy – They do make a bit of noise, but it's not loud like if you had sneakers or tennis balls in the dryer.
I would like that they cut down on the drying time!
I would like that it cuts down on drying time, saving me money. Also, it's chemical free.
Hypoallergenic works well for the allergy sufferers in our house.


At 30, The Original Mac Is Still An Archetype Of Innovation : All Tech Considered In January 1984, Apple aired one of most iconic commercials in Super Bowl history — introducing the Macintosh computer. The marketing helped position Apple as a plucky upstart, and the machine fundamentally changed the way people interacted with computers.
Thirty years ago this week, Apple aired what is widely considered one of most iconic commercials in Super Bowl history. The ad boldly claimed that "1984 won't be like 1984" — the George Orwell dystopian novel — because of the imminent arrival of the Macintosh computer.
The Apple Macintosh computer was introduced in an ad that ran only once, during the 1984 Super Bowl.
Its "1984" ad set up Apple as the undisputed rival to IBM in the personal computer market. It created an image of a company that was fighting for individuals in the face of terrifyingly powerful corporations.
Actually, at the time that commercial ran, the most popular personal computer wasn't an IBM — it was a Commodore 64. But the Mac marketing campaign created a narrative about a rivalry in personal computing: a plucky company fighting for individual creativity. It's a narrative that has helped sustain the brand.
The Mac had selling points of its own. It was a computer that a middle-class family might be able to afford. Its graphics were state of the art for the time. And it fundamentally changed the way people interacted with computers: You didn't have to enter DOS prompts anymore. Using a computer became more intuitive — and it was a design that Bill Gates and Microsoft took note of.
Steve Jobs introduces the Macintosh computer in January 1984.
Since then, Apple has continued to innovate the way people use computing. The iPod ushered in a post-PC, mobile era; the iPhone and iPad helped merge computing and entertainment.
When Steve Jobs died in 2011, the company lost its public face — and perhaps some of its swagger. Current Apple CEO Tim Cook faces constant questions about what's next and whether the company can innovate the way it has in the past.
But Cook has seized upon this anniversary to articulate that the ideals that helped build the Mac are alive and well at Apple today.
"We don't want to linger too long and look back at the things that we've done — we want to see what's around the next corner," he said.
The world may be a bit impatient.


text:
Original Off-Broadway Version (1991)
A brilliantly constructed retrospective of prolific musical theatre collaborators, Kander and Ebb.
Enter the world of distinguished and celebrated writing team, Kander and Ebb. The World Goes 'Round is a stunning revue of the songbook from the multi-Tony award-winning team, with the original production winning three Drama Desk Awards.
Filled with humor, romance, drama and nonstop melody, this title is a thrilling celebration of life and the fighting spirit that keeps us all going. Five individuals find themselves careening through the world of love, babies and coffee. From Cabaret to Chicago, the nonstop hit-parade features unforgettable gems, including "Mr. Cellophane," "Maybe This Time," "Cabaret" and "New York, New York," seamlessly interwoven into a passionate, harmonious, up-tempo evening of musical theatre.
The World Goes 'Round is brought to life by a small, multi-talented cast, making it a wonderful addition to a season on a limited budget. With minimal set requirements, but infinite possibilities, this musical is sure to delight directors and designers alike. The musical arrangements and witty libretto will undoubtedly enthrall audiences and send them home humming a tune or two.
John Kander
Lyrics by
Fred Ebb
Conceived by
Susan Stroman
Scott Ellis
And the World Goes 'Round
Coffee In A Cardboard Cup
Sara Lee
Arthur In The Afternoon
My Coloring Book
I Don't Remember You/Sometimes A Day Goes By
Mister Cellophane
There Goes The Ballgame
Kiss Of The Spider Woman
Only Love/Marry Me/A Quiet Thing
We Can Make It
Isn't This Better?
Money, Money
The Scottsboro Boys
Putting It Together (1999 Broadway Version)
College Collection
The World Goes 'Round Conversation Piece - Introduction The World Goes 'Round...
The World Goes 'Round : Staging & Choreography The Conceptual Team behind The...
The World Goes 'Round : Show Structure & Opening Number The Conceptual Team of...
The World Goes 'Round : Staging "Yes" & "Coffee In A Cardboard...
The World Goes 'Round : Staging "The Happy Time" & "Colored...
The World Goes 'Round : Staging "Arthur In The Afternoon" Join...
The World Goes 'Round: Staging "Me and My Baby" with Banjos Co-Conceiver...
The World Goes 'Round: Staging The Act 1 Finale "The Rink" Join...
The World Goes 'Round: Staging "All That Jazz" &...
The World Goes 'Round: Staging "Ring Them Bells" Scott Ellis, Susan...
The World Goes 'Round: Staging "The Love Section" Scott Ellis, Susan...
The World Goes 'Round: Staging "The Grass Is Always Greener" Scott Ellis, Susan...
The World Goes 'Round: Staging "Money,Money", "Cabaret" and...
The World Goes 'Round: Staging The Finale Scott Ellis, Susan Stroman and David...
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Filichia Features: And The World Goes to Two Discs
Once a musical is cast and its performers know what they have to do, you'll find they'll split up into two camps.Some will listen intently to the original cast album.Some will completely avoid it, lest they be swayed by the ...
Filichia's Features - John Kander: From "Family" to "Scottsboro"
When I met with John Kander on January 29, I didn't expect him to know the answer to the question I was about to ask. But I put it to him anyway. "Do you know what you were doing 50 years ago yesterday?" The genial Kander – in fact, few are ...

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text:
Michele Bachmann, Superstar
Rep. Michele Bachmann (R-Minn.) is running a celebrity-style campaign for the White House.Gage Skidmore/Flickr
The clearest sign yet that Michele Bachmann is not running a typical campaign for the presidency came at the end of her address Sunday night at the Black Hawk County GOP's Lincoln Day Dinner in Waterloo, Iowa. Speaking in her hometown, and taking the stage minutes after her newest, biggest competitor in the race, Texas Gov. Rick Perry, Bachmann had a surprise planned to celebrate her victory at the Ames Straw Poll.
"One thing I learned when I was little was if you come to say thank you to someone, it's a good idea if you can give them something," she said. "Have you ever been to Machine Shed restaurant? Well, I went to Machine Shed restaurant on my way here today, and I thought there is nothing more American than apple pie. And I brought the biggest, baddest, deepest apple pie that I could for you tonight."
Apple pie had already been served for dessert, which Bachmann missed because she showed up late and waited in the parking lot until Perry's speech was finished. But never mind that; she had the floor and she was rolling now. "I remember when I was a little girl at the mother-daughter banquet over at First Lutheran Church, one thing they'd always do, they'd put a piece of masking tape under a folding chair and then they'd look under your chair to see who wins the prize," she said. "Soooo—tonight this is how we're going to do it: I would like to give this apple pie to the oldest—if you don't mind—Republican mother in the room. So let's see, do we have anybody who's over 39?"
When it was all over, two standing ovations later, a 100-year-old Republican mother named Mary had come home with the biggest, baddest, deepest apple pie in Waterloo and the audience that had been so smitten with Perry moments earlier was reminded of what had made Bachmann such a political force in the first place. And Bachmann had one last treat for the crowd. "I've got some Sharpie pens," she said. "So if any of you are here and want some T-shirts and some autographs, I'd be more than happy to give them to you."
Politicians do not normally end campaign events by giving away prizes, daytime television-style, or inviting attendees to come up to the stage and ask them for their signature. That kind of thing tends to make you look like a celebrity, and "celebrity" is a dirty word among politicians, second only, perhaps, to "politician." Witness this memorable John McCain spot from 2008:
As Dave Weigel pointed out in Slate on Monday, though, celebrity has become the defining element of Bachmann's campaign in Iowa so far.
Bachmann's "Meet Me in Ames" tour was more like the blitz you see before an election. Over one week in Iowa, before the straw poll, I saw her speak five times. A stage was set up outside, where cameras could get good, sun-bleached shots. Voters were urged to stand close to the stage or behind it—also for good shots. As "Promised Land" played, Bachmann's bus came into view; during the second playing she exited it. She spoke for roughly 20 minutes. When her speech ended, she stayed on the stage to shake hands, sign autographs, and get buttonholed in very short "thank-you-for-what-you're-doing" conversations. Only once did I see her break the format, with a town hall meeting on Monday that featured five audience questions.
Likewise, when I waited for an hour along with more than 100 others at the Iowa State Fair to hear Bachmann speak on Friday, she showed up 30 minutes late, spoke for four minutes (out of the allotted 30), and left in a mob of state troopers, press, and campaign staffers. All of that speaks to just how tightly Bachmann's handlers are managing all aspects of her candidate's image—stonewalling on unfavorable questions and turning her events into miniature rock shows (she entered the Electric Ballroom with Elvis blaring in the background and insisted that the lights be changed before she would come on stage). That might not be a terrible strategy; if the number of supporters who left bearing autographed blue T-shirts was any indication, the "celebrity" tag is part of Bachmann's appeal.
Back in Waterloo, Bachmann finished off her night with a quick press conference, which, it turned out, was mostly an excuse for the candidate to get a few more quick photos of her holding a copy of Sunday's Waterloo Courier, her Ames victory splashed across the front page. In case anyone had forgotten, she announced her name and current occupation—"My name's Michele Bachmann, and I'm running for president"—and took three quick questions from preselected reporters. Then she stood on the steps of the bus, holding up the newspaper triumphantly once more, just as she had done on stage at the beginning of her speech, and spoke as if the gaggle of flip-cams and boom mikes and pens-and-pads were just another fawning audience holding out for some red meat.
"Thank you! Thank you!" she said, and vanished into the bus.
Michele Bachmann: Crazy Like a Fox
Bachmann Crushes Pawlenty, Wins Ames Straw Poll
Michele Bachmann's Ames Tent Revival
VIDEO: Michele Bachmann's Auschwitz Warning


Nu-Derm Products Clear-Biotic+ Reviews: Complete Skin Complex Formula?
Home Health Beauty Care Nu-Derm Products Clear-Biotic+ Reviews: Complete Skin Complex Formula?
In today hectic lifestyle it's very difficult to overcome with skin problems such as Acne that tends to appear the skin like worn, damaged, and in poor condition. From this review we would like to introduce a new supplement Clear-Biotic Plus by Nu-Derm Products. This supplement helps to provide clear and radiant skin. It is formulated in a capsule form that it provides Acne-free Skin with regular use of the product.
Nu-Derm Clear-Biotic+ is a complete skin care complex. It is an anti-Acne formula which helps to provide clear and radiant Skin. This unique formula is designed for both men and women. It provides better-looking skin without any skincare product such as spray and cream that give a Hessle experience. By using, this product user can experience a radiant complexion and healthy appearance that they are looking for.
Clear-Biotic Plus is formulated in the form of capsule which is easy swallow and it promote Acne-free and healthy skin without causing any side effect toyour skin.
Clearly, there are many best possible benefits that could be seen when one adds this product to their lifestyle. This capsule form supplement easily absorb by the body to give rapid result that user are looking for. There are many supplements are available in the market, but this supplement best quality results, so users apply the product to their skin routine on a regular basis and as recommended.
Hence, the best way to observe the result is to try the formula and to determine whether it is well-matched with one's needs and hope.
Those who are interested in purchasing Nu-Derm Clear-Biotic Plus supplement can visit the official website of product. It is a new Acne-Free Formula. The product is easy to order and it ships out rapidly with the purchasing.
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text:
Q: Why isn't the Spring AOP XML schema properly loaded when Tomcat loads & reads beans.xml I'm trying to use Spring's Schema Based AOP Support in Eclipse and am getting errors when trying to load the configuration in Tomcat.
There are no errors in Eclipse and auto-complete works correctly for the aop namespace, however when I try to load the project into eclipse I get this error:

09:17:59,515  WARN XmlBeanDefinitionReader:47 - Ignored XML validation warning
  org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: schema_reference.4: Failed to read schema document 'http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd', because 1) could not find the document; 2) the document could not be read; 3) the root element of the document is not .

Followed by:

SEVERE: StandardWrapper.Throwable
  org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 39 in XML document from /WEB-INF/beans.xml is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: The matching wildcard is strict, but no declaration can be found for element 'aop:config'.
Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: The matching wildcard is strict, but no declaration can be found for element 'aop:config'.

Based on this, it seems the schema is not being read when Tomcat parses the beans.xml file, leading to the <aop:config> element not being recognised.
My beans.xml file is as follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
        http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws
        http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <!--import resource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf.xml" /-->
    <!--import resource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf-extension-soap.xml" /-->
    <!--import resource="classpath:META-INF/cxf/cxf-servlet.xml" /-->

    <!-- NOTE: endpointName attribute maps to wsdl:port@name & should
                be the same as the portName attribute
                in the @WebService annotation on the IWebServiceImpl class -->
    <!-- NOTE: serviceName attribute maps to wsdl:service@name & should be
                the same as the serviceName attribute in the @WebService
                 annotation on the ASDIWebServiceImpl class -->
    <!-- NOTE: address attribute is the actual URL of the web service
                (relative to web app location) -->
    <jaxws:endpoint
            xmlns:tns="http://iwebservices.ourdomain/"

            id="iwebservices"
            implementor="ourdomain.iwebservices.IWebServiceImpl"
            endpointName="tns:IWebServiceImplPort"
            serviceName="tns:IWebService"
            address="/I"
            wsdlLocation="wsdl/I.wsdl">
            <!-- To have CXF auto-generate WSDL on the fly, comment out the above wsdl
            attribute -->

            <jaxws:features>
                    <bean class="org.apache.cxf.feature.LoggingFeature" />
            </jaxws:features>
    </jaxws:endpoint>

    <aop:config>
    <aop:aspect id="myAspect" ref="aBean">

    </aop:aspect>
    </aop:config>

</beans>

The <aop:config> element in my beans.xml file is copy-pasted from the Spring website to try and remove any possible source of error
Can anyone shed any light on why this error is occurring and what I can do to fix it?

A: Check that you have the Spring AOP jar (spring-aop.jar) in the WEB-INF/lib folder of your webapp.
That jar contais the specified XSD.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Les Ropalomeridae sont une famille de diptères muscomorphes.

Liste des genres
Selon  :
 genre Apophorhynchus
 genre Dactylissa
 genre Kroeberia
 genre Lenkokroeberia
 genre Mexicoa
 genre Rhytidops
 genre Ropalomera
 genre Willistoniella

Notes et références

Liens externes

Acalyptratae
Famille de Diptères (nom scientifique)
Taxon décrit en 1934

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Mary STORK
Mary Stork was born in Portsmouth, and studied at the West of England College, where her primary tutor was Paul FEILER. She studied further at the Slade School of Art, London, where she won major awards, and her paintings were toured with the Arts Council Young Contemporaries. At the Slade she met and married the West Cornwall artist Jeremy Le GRICE, and they returned to the county to live at St Just.
Here in Cornwall she met Karl WESCHKE who she credited with great influence on her work, and in 1966 the Hiltons arrived nearby. Mary and Rose HILTON became the closest of friends. Both of them abandoned art in the face of family responsibilities for many years. When Mary remarried after the break-up of her first marriage, she brought up her family in nearby Porthleven.
In 1982 she re-started painting professionally, and showing her work in small galleries including the Rainyday Gallery in Penzance. Mary became a member of the Penwith Society of Arts and also of the NSA. Meantime, she returned to live in St Just when her second husband died. Finally she moved into Penzance, living in the town centre and continuing to produce a steady stream of distinctive work, mainly mixed media (watercolour and charcoal) figurative pieces, much collected.
Painter in mixed media
Hypatia Collection of Women's Art
1982: New Craftsman, St Ives; Penwith Gallery, Mixed shows; NAG:mixed NSA
1987: Jamieson Library of Women's History, joint exh with Rose HILTON
NSA 1960s ff - 1995 list
Penwith Society of Arts
misc further info
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"Microfluidic single-cell analysis of oxidative stress in Dictyostelium" by Kathy Rodogiannis, Jessica Duong et al.
Microfluidic chemical cytometry is a powerful technique for examining chemical contents of individual cells, but applications have focused on cells from multicellular organisms, especially mammals. We demonstrate the first use of microfluidic chemical cytometry to examine a unicellular organism, the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. We used the reactive oxygen species indicator dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate to report on oxidative stress and controlled for variations in indicator loading and retention using carboxyfluorescein diacetate as an internal standard. After optimizing indicator concentration, we investigated the effect of peroxide treatment through single-cell measurements of 353 individual cells. The peak area ratio of dichlorofluorescein to carboxyfluorescein increased from 1.69 ± 0.89 for untreated cells to 5.19 ± 2.72 for cells treated with 40 mM hydrogen peroxide. Interestingly, the variance of the data also increased with oxidative stress. While preliminary, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that heterogeneous stress responses in unicellular organisms may be adaptive.
Kathy Rodogiannis and Jessica Duong both Trinity College students.


text:
Volume 88, Issue Suppl 2
Modelling national HIV/AIDS epidemics: revised approach in the UNAIDS Estimation and Projection Package 2011
Le Bao1,
Joshua A Salomon2,
Tim Brown3,
Adrian E Raftery4,
Daniel R Hogan2
1Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
2Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3Research Program, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
4Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Correspondence to Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 323 Thomas Building, PA 16802, USA; lebao{at}psu.edu
Objective United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS reports regularly on estimated levels and trends in HIV/AIDS epidemics, which are evaluated using an epidemiological model within the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP). The relatively simple four-parameter model of HIV incidence used in EPP through the previous round of estimates has encountered challenges when attempting to fit certain data series on prevalence over time, particularly in settings with long running epidemics where prevalence has increased recently. To address this, the most recent version of the modelling package (EPP 2011) includes a more flexible epidemiological model that allows HIV infection risk to vary over time. This paper describes the technical details of this flexible approach to modelling HIV transmission dynamics within EPP 2011.
Methodology For the flexible modelling approach, the force of infection parameter, r, is allowed to vary over time through a random walk formulation, and an informative prior distribution is used to improve short-term projections beyond the last year of data. Model parameters are estimated using a Bayesian estimation approach in which models are fit to HIV seroprevalence data from surveillance sites.
Results This flexible model can yield better estimates of HIV prevalence over time in situations where the classic EPP model has difficulties, such as in Uganda, where prevalence is no longer falling. Based on formal out-of-sample projection tests, the flexible modelling approach also improves predictions and CIs for extrapolations beyond the last observed data point.
Conclusions We recommend use of a flexible modelling approach where data are sufficient (eg, where at least 5 years of observations are available), and particularly where an epidemic is beyond its peak.
Epidemiology (General)
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcode
Every 2 years, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) produces estimates and projections of HIV/AIDS prevalence, incidence and mortality by country.1 The technical basis for this effort has been guided by recommendations from the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling and Projections, and a suite of analytic tools has been developed for this purpose, including the UNAIDS Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)2–7 and Spectrum.8–12 EPP fits an epidemiological model to prevalence data obtained from sentinel surveillance systems and national population-based HIV seroprevalence surveys, and Spectrum translates estimates of HIV incidence into a range of corresponding population health consequences, including AIDS mortality. For the most recent round of estimates, EPP and Spectrum have been integrated into a single software package.
The first widely available version of EPP in 2003 incorporated a simple four-parameter model patterned after the epidemiology of HIV in closed populations.2 This model provided a good fit to most generalised epidemics, but in concentrated epidemics sometimes failed to produce flat enough curves for populations with high levels of turnover, for example, injecting drug users (IDU). This problem was addressed in EPP 2005, which allowed for movement between populations.4 However, in the 2007 round of projections limitations in the simple four-parameter model became apparent in a few countries. In two countries incidence in the fitted models fell unrealistically to zero in the near future. In two other countries the model was unable to replicate plateauing prevalence trends at levels well below the peak prevalence or to reproduce epidemics where prevalence was again rising after a steep initial decline. The simple four-parameter model was not sufficiently flexible to allow for complex trends after the epidemic peak. To address this issue, EPP 2009 included an optional modification to accommodate increases in prevalence following a period of decline by replenishing the susceptible pool,7 but this modification was not sufficient and proved to have limited utility.
To deal with these more variable epidemiological patterns appearing in some long running epidemics, an alternative approach was suggested in which the model allows the average infection rate in a population to vary over time. Two specific formulations of this approach were proposed: one parameterised a time series of infection risks using penalised B-splines,13 and another assumed that infection risks follow a Gaussian random walk with mean zero.14 These flexible models appeared to provide better fits to recent prevalence trends in several cases.
Here we describe the flexible epidemiological model implemented in the UNAIDS EPP 2011 (hereafter EPP 2011), which was developed from the previously proposed spline and random walk models. In the Methods section we review the general modelling approach in EPP, contrast the 'classic' and flexible epidemiological models, and summarise the Bayesian estimation method used for model fitting. In the Results section, we present illustrative prevalence and incidence trajectories for 10 countries with generalised epidemics and 6 countries with concentrated epidemics, as well as a summary of formal out-of-sample projection tests. In the Discussion section, we offer some conclusions and highlight model settings that the end-user of EPP 2011 can alter if desired.
Overview of estimation procedure
Due to the paucity of reliable information on HIV incidence in developing countries, sentinel surveillance systems for HIV were designed to provide information on prevalence trends to policy makers and programme planners. The main data source used in EPP is surveillance data from various sites and years showing HIV prevalence among antenatal clinic (ANC) patients and key populations with elevated HIV risk, for example, men who have sex with men (MSM) or female commercial sex workers (FSW). The ANC data are primarily used to estimate prevalence in the general population while the other data are used to estimate prevalence among higher-risk populations. HIV prevalence among ANC patients has been shown to be somewhat higher than that in the general population.15 In an attempt to obtain more representative estimates of HIV prevalence, since 2001, 32 countries in sub-Saharan Africa have conducted national population-based household surveys, including Demographic and Health Surveys and AIDS Indicator Surveys. These national population-based HIV surveys are used in generalised epidemics to calibrate overall population prevalence levels estimated from ANC surveillance data.16 ,17
The UNAIDS EPP is based on a simple susceptible-infected-recovered epidemiological model, formulated as a set of differential equations, and described in the next section. To obtain probabilistic estimates and projections, a Bayesian approach is used to integrate ANC surveillance data with the modelled estimates of HIV/AIDS prevalence over time.7 ,16 Formally, the epidemiological model provides a deterministic mapping from a vector of input parameters, θ, to a vector of model outputs on prevalence by year, ρ. A prior distribution is specified for the model input parameters, and observed surveillance data give the likelihood L(ρ) for the model output, using a hierarchical random effects formulation. A prior on the model output ρ can also be specified, using the Bayesian melding approach.18 ,19 The chief endpoints of interest in this estimation approach are the posterior distributions for prevalence and incidence over time, the latter taken as an input for further analysis (of endpoints such as AIDS mortality) in Spectrum.
The posterior distribution in EPP is estimated using the incremental mixture importance sampling algorithm.20 The basic idea is to approximate the posterior distribution gradually by a mixture of Gaussian components and the prior distribution, and it works as follows: (1) In an initial stage, a large number of samples are drawn from the prior distribution for the input parameter vector. For each sampled parameter vector, the model is run, and the outputs used to compute the likelihood. Importance weights are proportional to the likelihood, with high importance weights indicating areas where the target density is under-represented by the importance sampling distribution. (2) In an importance sampling stage, undertaken over k iterations, further inputs are drawn from a multivariate Gaussian distribution centred at the current maximum-weight input. Therefore, the new inputs fill in the under-represented parts of parameter space iteratively. (3) In a resampling stage, once a specified stopping criterion is satisfied, a number of resampled input parameter vectors are drawn with replacement, based on their importance weights. We chose 3000 resamples for the EPP 2011 implementation. For each input parameter vector in the resample, quantities of interest computed by running these parameters through the model (eg, HIV prevalence and incidence over time) are realisations from their posterior distributions. The algorithm ends when the expected fraction of unique points in the resample is at least 1−1/e=0.632. This is the expected fraction when the importance sampling weights are all equal, which is the case when the importance sampling function is the same as the posterior distribution.
Epidemiological model in EPP 2011: 'classic' formulation
The basis for modelling HIV incidence in the 'classic' formulation of the epidemiological model in EPP has been described in detail elsewhere.3 ,5 ,7 Briefly, the population 15 years and older is divided into those not at risk; those at risk, but not yet infected; and those at risk and living with HIV. Modelling of the transmission of HIV infection is governed by four parameters: r, the rate of infection, assumed constant, t0, the start year of the epidemic, f0, the initial fraction of the adult population at risk of infection, and φ, a parameter modulating the split between at-risk and not-at-risk populations in mature epidemics. In the epidemic start year, 0.025% of the at-risk but not yet infected group moves to the infected group to initialise the epidemic. The number of new entrants at time t depends on the population size 15 years earlier, the birth rate and the survival probability from birth to age 15.
As described elsewhere in this supplement,21 EPP 2011 has been expanded to track the infected population's progression across CD4 cell count levels. CD4 counts are also used to improve the realism of the effects of antiretroviral therapy. The new implementation also includes more detailed population demographics, for example, ageing out at age 50 and migration.
Epidemiological model in EPP 2011: flexible formulation
In EPP 2011, the option to run the classic model is retained, but a new flexible specification for modelling transmission is added as an option. The flexible model diverges from the classic model in three key ways. The at-risk and not-at-risk groups are combined, the infection rate r is allowed to vary over time in a flexible way and therefore specified as r(t), and an equilibrium constraint is imposed on projections beyond the last year of data, to avoid explosive behaviour. These changes are described in the following subsections.
Combining the at-risk and not-at-risk groups
The flexible model drops the distinction between individuals at risk and not at risk of infection, treating all HIV negative persons as being at risk.13 ,14 It divides the 15–49 year-old population at time t into two general groups: Z(t) is the number of uninfected individuals and Y(t) is the number of infected individuals. For parsimony in presentation, we describe here a simplified version of the model without the details on CD4 progression that are included in the actual EPP 2011 model. The simplified dynamics are as follows:
1where N(t)=Z(t)+Y(t) is the total population size, E(t) is the number of new adults entering the population, r(t) is the average infection risk, −a50(t) is the rate at which adults exit the model after attaining age 50, and M(t) is the rate of net migration into the population.
Flexible specification for the infection rate, r(t)
The infection rate, r(t), is the expected number of persons infected by one HIV positive person in year t in a wholly susceptible population. In the flexible model formulation, r(t) is modelled as a random walk on the log scale; specifically the first difference is modelled as a series of independent and identically distributed normal random variables, each with mean zero and SD σ:14
There are often no data in the early period of the epidemic. Let t0 be the start year of the epidemic and t1 be the first year of the observed data. We use the fact that, from (2), log r(t1)−log r(t1)∼N(0, (t1−t0)σ2), and divide the changes from r(t0) to r(t1) equally between each of the years of the 'pre-data' period.
Previous versions of EPP estimated the year t0 in which 0.025% of the uninfected population is moved into the infected category in order to initiate the epidemic. In the flexible model, we fix t0 at 1975 and estimate the initial seed y(t0) and initial infection rate r(t0) as parameters, to improve the efficiency of the programme.13
We carry out Bayesian estimation with the following prior distributions:
The lower bound of r(t0) for generalised epidemics is set at 1/11.5 because the epidemic would not spread if r(t0) were smaller than 1/11.5, since 11.5 is the expected length of the infectious period. The alternative lower bound, 1/11.5+1/d, is recommended for concentrated epidemics, where d is the mean duration that people stay in the at-risk category. We chose ν=10 and λ=0.09 to accommodate the observed changes in all the countries we have considered.
The random walk model for r(t) was realistic for most countries, but gave a posterior distribution of the incidence pattern over time that had two unrealistic peaks in the mid-1990s in Kenya. We put constraints on incidence rates directly, which follows the idea of Bayesian melding.17 Specifically, we set an upper bound, 0.2, on the average of the absolute values of the 2nd derivatives of incidence rates to eliminate the bumpy incidence curves.
To improve sampling efficiency, we integrate out σ2 analytically, so that it is not included in the sampling algorithm. Additionally, we include an optimisation stage after the initial sampling stage in the incremental mixture importance sampling procedure to reduce the time required for convergence. Specifically, we set the maximum weight input from the initial stage as the starting point, use the Nelder-Mead and Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) methods to obtain a local maximum of the posterior density of the input parameter vector, θopt,22–24 and store the estimated inverse of the Hessian matrix at the local maximum as Σopt. New inputs are drawn from the multivariate normal distribution with centre θopt and covariance matrix Σopt.
Additional constraint on projections beyond the last year with data
To make short-term projections beyond the last year with data, the variance of the random walk is needed for each trajectory. Given the consecutive changes of log r(t), it is straightforward to draw σ2 from its posterior distribution:
4where Δ(t)=logr(t)−logr(t−1), and t1 is the starting year of data and t2 is the end year of data. Without any further assumptions, we can make projections by continuing the random walk with the sampled variance σ2,
5At the later stages in an epidemic, we expect prevalence to approach an equilibrium, which leads to the following approximation for generalised epidemics:13
To improve the plausibility of future projections, we shrink the random walk beyond the last data point towards the equilibrium approximation:
7where η controls the amount of shrinkage towards equilibrium. The shrinkage tends to project a flatter prevalence trajectory. The variance term is proportional to the number of years after t2, so the calibration becomes weaker in later years. To make projections that incorporate the shrinkage, we continue the random walk as follows:
8where
. We found that setting η=0.09 provided acceptable results for the countries we have investigated.
Assessing model fit: estimation and projection for clinic prevalence
To evaluate the goodness of fit and predictive validity of the model, we estimated models based on the full data time series as well as assessing 5-year out-of-sample projections from models fit to truncated data. We use the sentinel surveillance data to assess model fit, rather than national HIV prevalence data, because the model is typically fit to prevalence data from sentinel surveillance sites and then calibrated to match point estimates from national population-based surveys. In generalised epidemics, ANC data often include repeated measurements at the same clinic. We approximate the likelihood by modelling the prevalence on the probit scale and using a hierarchical normal linear model. We denote by xst the observed prevalence at clinic s in year t, and by bs the clinic effect. The likelihood is based on the following:
9with
where Nst is the sample size at clinic s in year t. The function Φ is the standard normal cumulative distribution function. Bayesian estimation requires a prior for ξ2, and we use an Inverse Gamma (β1, β2) prior with β1=0.58 and β2=93.17
As the data are observed at the clinic level, we can compare the ANC data with the posterior samples of corresponding clinic level prevalence to assess model fit. To obtain the posterior distribution of clinic-specific prevalence, the clinic effects bs need to be generated for each posterior sample. The posterior density of bs is proportional to
We sample bs from P(bs|(Φ−1(xst)−Φ−1(ρt))) using importance sampling.16
We calculate the coverage and the width of the 95% clinic-specific intervals, and the mean absolute errors of the clinic-specific posterior median averaged over the held-out 5 years of test data. For each dataset, the coverage of clinic-specific intervals is defined as the proportion of ANC data that fall within the corresponding clinic-specific intervals.
We compared results from the classic EPP model to the new flexible model in terms of fits to surveillance data in 10 countries with generalised epidemics: Botswana, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia, and in 6 countries with concentrated epidemics: Mexico, Ukraine, Moldova, Nepal, Australia and Algeria. These countries are at different stages of the epidemic and have different amounts of data. Note that the results are based on illustrative HIV prevalence data for these countries, which may not be complete. These results should therefore not be seen as replacing or competing with official estimates regularly published by countries and UNAIDS.
Estimation and projection using the full data
Figure 1 presents the estimation and projection of HIV prevalence and incidence for 10 countries with generalised HIV/AIDS epidemics based on the full prevalence data series. Both classic and flexible models provide reasonable fits to the observed ANC data, and their posterior medians are very close in many cases. The classic EPP model projects HIV incidence in Ethiopia to reach 0% in 2015 with near certainty, which seems overoptimistic. The flexible model implies more uncertainty about HIV incidence in this case. For Rwanda and Uganda, the classic model estimates a sudden increase in prevalence in the early period of the epidemic and the incidence could be as high as 15%; the flexible model estimates a steady increase in prevalence with smoother changes in incidence.
Estimation and projection of HIV prevalence and incidence in 10 countries with generalised epidemics: Botswana, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Coloured dots show observed prevalence from different sites. The black solid line is the median of the classic Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) model trajectories, the blue solid line is the median of the flexible model trajectories, the dashed lines are the 95% credible intervals, and the red solid line is the data trend averaged over all clinics at each year.
Figure 2 presents flexible model projections from six countries with concentrated HIV/AIDS epidemics. The illustrative examples include the four most common high-risk sub-populations for contracting and transmitting HIV: IDU, MSM, FSW and clients of sex workers (Client). We see that the flexible model works for countries with small amounts of data, such as Moldova MSM and FSW, and for countries with only one site, such as Australia IDU and MSM. However, the prevalence trajectory of the flexible model is mainly driven by the clinic data, for example, Moldova IDU and Nepal IDU. For countries with very sparse data, we may incorporate additional constraints based on expert knowledge to eliminate unrealistic patterns in the flexible model.
Estimation and projection of HIV prevalence among high risk populations in Mexico, Ukraine, Moldova, Nepal, Australia, and Algeria. The high risk populations are sorted by columns: injecting drug users (IDU), men who have sex with men (MSM), female commercial sex workers (FSW), and clients of sex workers (Client). Coloured dots are observed prevalence from different sites. The blue solid line is the median of the flexible model trajectories and the blue dashed lines show the 95% credible intervals of the flexible model trajectories.
Out-of-sample projection
To assess short-term projections, we summarise the coverage and the width of the 95% prediction intervals and MAE for 10 countries with generalised epidemics in table 1. If the model perfectly described the mechanism that generates the data, we would expect 95% of the clinic data to fall between the 2.5th and the 97.5th clinic-specific posterior quantiles. The coverage of the classic EPP model is smaller than 95%, so that the prediction intervals are not wide enough. The flexible model provides improved coverage. For Ethiopia, Ghana and Tanzania, the flexible model provides narrower prediction intervals and better coverage than the classic model. For Gabon, Namibia, Rwanda and Zambia, the flexible model improves coverage by providing wider prediction intervals. When we take the posterior median as the point estimate, the MAE for Ethiopia, Namibia, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia are substantially reduced by using the flexible model. The flexible model has a larger mean absolute error for Gabon and Botswana but its prediction intervals still cover the data average. Figure 3 shows the out-of-sample projections from the classic EPP model and the flexible model. The data to the right of the vertical line were used only to validate the projection and not for estimating the model parameters.
Comparisons between the classic Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) model and the flexible model: coverage and width of 95% prediction intervals and mean absolute errors of the clinic-specific posterior median for 10 countries with generalised epidemics
Out-of-sample projection of HIV prevalence and incidence in 10 countries with generalised epidemics: Botswana, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Coloured dots show observed prevalence from different sites. The black solid line is the median of the classic Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) model trajectories sampled from the posterior distribution, the blue solid line is the median of the flexible model trajectories, the dashed lines are the 95% credible intervals, and the red solid line is the data trend averaged over all clinics at each year. The data to the right of the vertical line are used only to validate the projection but not for estimating the model parameters.
We also experimented with other choices of η which is the control parameter for short term projections (see section 'Additional constraint on projections beyond the last year with data'). Smaller ηs made a stronger equilibrium assumption, and hence did not capture the recent HIV prevalence changes; on the other hand, larger ηs did not provide enough shrinkage towards the equilibrium prevalence, and the prediction intervals were too wide.
The flexible epidemiological model implemented in EPP 2011 includes several modifications to the previous approach, namely combining the at-risk and non-at-risk groups, using a stochastic random walk model to allow the infection rate to vary over time, replacing the random starting year of the epidemic t0 with the random seed y(t0) that initialises the epidemic at the fixed starting year, and calibrating the projection towards an equilibrium value for prevalence. The new flexible epidemiological model provides better estimates and short-term projections of HIV/AIDS prevalence in the small number of cases where the classic EPP model has difficulties.
In some settings, users of the flexible model may wish to change the values of a few advanced control parameters. By default, the start year of the epidemic is set at t0=1975 for generalised epidemics and is set from a database of estimated start years for national epidemics. However, the user can define the start year to be any year between 1970 and 1990, and later start years can be used if more appropriate. In our experience, prevalence projections from the flexible model are relatively insensitive to reasonable changes in t0 except in cases where surveillance data only become available near or after the time of peak prevalence. In those cases the early epidemic prevalence trend may vary substantially and should be constrained using prevalence conditions set based on expert knowledge of historical prevalence studies in the country. There are also two variance terms that provide additional control over model output when needed: the variances of the random walk, λ, and the equilibrium parameter, η, which have default values of 0.09. Larger values of λ allow bigger changes in r(t) between years, which can yield more rapid changes in HIV prevalence and incidence and wider CIs. Smaller values of η result in future projections that trend more strongly towards equilibrium for prevalence.
For illustrative purposes, results presented here do not incorporate prevalence data from national population-based surveys. However, in EPP 2011, flexible model estimates and projections are calibrated to these data in the same manner as the classic model.16 The probabilistic framework for the calibration procedure is available in the article by Alkema, Raftery and Clark (2007).17
The random walk model implemented in EPP 2011 is flexible enough to capture a wider variety of epidemic patterns than the classic formulation. However, the algorithm for estimating it converges more slowly than for the classic model, as the flexible model contains a greater number of model parameters to estimate. Model fitting speed tends to be slowest in countries with extensive time series data in large numbers of sites. Additionally, constraints on prevalence in the pre-surveillance period and a constraint on the change of incidence as described in 'Flexible specification for the infection rate, r(t)' have sometimes been used to eliminate unrealistic patterns of prevalence and incidence in the flexible model. Those constraints are set based on local expert knowledge, but must be set with caution, because if set too aggressively they may result in a prevalence trajectory that does not match ANC data.
In conclusion, EPP 2011 includes an additional, more flexible modelling option that improves its ability to estimate complicated patterns of HIV prevalence and incidence that have been challenging for the classic model to reproduce. Future improvements to the model should further investigate flexible, parsimonious models that can be estimated efficiently. Such approaches are currently being studied for incorporation into Spectrum/EPP 2013.
Longer running HIV epidemics are producing more complex patterns of rising and falling incidence, challenging the static model with a fixed infection rate in earlier versions of the United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS Estimation and Projection Package (EPP).
A new 'Variable-R' model is proposed in which the infection rate is allowed to vary over time, adjusting as needed to fit the observed prevalence.
The model allows fits in countries where the EPP Classic model was not successful: those with rising post-peak prevalence trends or zero incidence due to emptying of the at-risk population.
This research was supported by NICHD grant HD054511, a T32 training grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 007433) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. The authors are grateful to Geoffrey Garnett, Peter Ghys, Karen Stanecki and John Stover for helpful discussions and for sharing data.
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UNAIDS Report 2012 Guest Editors
Karen Stanecki
Peter D Ghys
Geoff P Garnett
Catherine Mercer
Contributions LB, JAS, AER and DRH contributed to conception of the flexible infection-rate model. LB, DRH and TB contributed to model implementation and data analysis. LB, JAS, TB, AER and DRH contributed to writing and editing the manuscript.
Funding This research was supported by NICHD grant HD054511, a T32 training grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 007433) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
Competing interests None.
Provenance and peer review Commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Open Access This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/


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Safari Update - A Day off?
Today I said goodbye to my safari group from our Ngorongoro Camp. I had great time getting to know those whom I had not met before, and also a great time reconnecting with past travelers of mine. I know that I have one of the best 'jobs' on the planet, and one of the biggest bonuses is being able to say that all of my customers I can also call friends.
After I said goodbye to my guests, Troy and I headed over to Tarangire for the day and night. The purpose for the side trip was to shoot compelling video of the Thomson Safaris camp as well as to get some footage of their happy customers, camp staff and guides.
Upon entering Tarangire, the first thing we saw was a few very large herds of elephant. It was like a welcoming party, since they must all know that my favorite animal out on safari is the elephant (giraffe is a close second). The Tarangire River was flowing freely, which was the first time for me to see it overflowing in many years. A good sign, for sure.
We arrived at camp around lunch time, after a beautiful drive around the edge of the Ngorongoro Crater, past the Iraqw people's town of Karatu, across the Maasai Steppe and into Tarangire National Park. The temperature this afternoon was, well, much much warmer than any of the past week or so.
We shot video all around the camp, primarily with my new Cinevate Atlas 10 slider, as we were after a high production value end result. I will try and post some samples on Vimeo when I return home. We also shot video of guests returning from their afternoon game drive, as well as a staged dining scene amongst the large and ancient baobab trees. Again, the Cinevate slider was used as much as possible, as well as simple straight shots with no movement on the slider. We captured some great interviews with the staff, and recorded audio on my Roland R-09 via a wireless lav mic setup.
Tomorrow I will be back in Arusha to shoot some video of the Thomson Safaris office staff, and then on to Arusha Coffee Lodge for dinner and then to greet my second safari group as they arrive from overseas. I will not post an update tomorrow, due to my having nothing to say. It's a first, I know!
Post up that video - I'd love to see!
Andy: What a great safari! wow! The variety you saw was amazing and it sounds like you had a great group, as well. Since I have only done safaris in Chobe, your blog has whetted my appetite for other experiences in the future! Thanks!


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#Jeju Gold medal candidates shine on Day 2 in Jeju – AIBA report
#Jeju AIBA Women's Boxing champs Day 1 PH AIBA.ORg
The AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships continued with a longer program in Jeju, Korea, where the program of the second competition day was split into two sessions.
Russia's athletes were in fine form as all of their athletes defeated their rivals, and America's London 2012 Olympic Games bronze medallist Marlen Esparza won the bout of the day.
In the absence of the two top favourites of the Flyweight class (51 kg) in England's London 2012 Olympic Champion Nicola Adams and India's five-time AIBA Women's World Champion Chungneijang Mary Kom Hmangte, the strong US boxer Marlen Esparza is one of the main gold medal contenders of the category in Jeju.
The US star is only 25, but she has been a member of the national squad since 2006 when she bagged a bronze medal at the AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships in New Delhi, India.
Esparza has prepared well for the current AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships, as she has successfully participated in nine tournaments this year, and she had to meet with Mongolia's Incheon 2014 Asian Games bronze medallist Nandintsetseg Myagmardulam in the opening round of the championships.
The American used aggressive tactics against the strong Mongolian boxer, who in turn demonstrated her quick combinations in the second round.
Excluding the second frame, it was the US boxer who controlled their top level and entertaining contest, and who won the battle of the day in Jeju.
Russia's Sayana Sagatayeva won their National Selection Tournament in February, and the 24-year-old Flyweight class (51 kg) boxer has since only lost one bout, achieving gold medals in various international events.
The rising star arrived as gold medal contender for the AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships, and started her road to the finals against a tough European opponent, Germany's AIBA Women's Youth World Champion Ornella Wahner.
Germany's star boxer offered an excellent performance in the first part of their bout, but Sagatayeva stepped on the gas and raised the speed of the bout as it progressed, and eventually the Russian boxer's efforts were enough to win the bout by split decision.
Zinaida Dobrynina joined to Russia's national squad only last year, but she was able to win the EUBC European Women's Continental Championships in Bucharest in June.
The Featherweight class (57 kg) star had to meet with a tough opponent, Thailand's Asian Indoor Games winner Peamwilai Laopeam in Jeju, and though the Thai boxer offered effective punches in the opening round, Dobrynina improved in the latter rounds, and eliminated her Asian rival.
Russia's third triumph on the second competition day was delivered by former two-time AIBA Women's World Champion Sofya Ochigava, who is Katie Taylor's main rival at the Lightweight class (60 kg).
Ochigava dominated her first fight in Jeju, as the 27-year-old athlete overwhelmed Chinese Taipei's Chen Chia Ling and advanced to the last 16.
Surprises of the day
Turkey's Elif Nur Coskun lost to Hungary's Katalin Ancsin in the quarter-finals of the EUBC European Women's Continental Championships in Bucharest in June, but the Turkish boxer used better tactics against the experienced Hungarian athlete in Jeju, and she was able to strike back her previous loss in their rematch.
Ireland's rising hope Michaela Walsh was a silver medallist in the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow where she was a competitive rival for England's London 2012 Olympic Champion Nicola Adams as well.
The 21-year-old has returned to her original Bantamweight class (54 kg), but she was not able to repeat her recent excellent performances in Jeju, and she was outworked by China's newcomer Lu Qiong.
Brazil's Taynna Santos Cardoso won the AMBC American Women's Continental Championships in Guadalajara two months ago, and defeated London 2012 Olympic bronze medallist Adriana Araujo in the final of their National Championships.
The four-time AMBC American Women's Continental Champion was the favourite in her opening bout against Germany's Nina Meinke, but the German boxer achieved her best ever performance and advanced to the last 16, causing the biggest surprise of the day in Korea.
Australia's two-time National Champion Kristy Harris competed in the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow in July, where she advanced to the quarter-finals of the event but failed in her guaranteed medal bout.
The 21-year-old Flyweight class (51 kg) boxer, who trains in the Collingwood Boxing Club, dominated her opening fight against Sri Lanka's Clifford Cup winner Dulani Anuradha Jayasinghe Arachchi.
Switzerland's Sandra Brugger claimed a silver medal at the 2007 EUBC European Women's Continental Championships in Vejle, Denmark and following that she took further podium places from various international events.
The Basel-based Lightweight class (60 kg) boxer was too strong for Netherlands' Mariska Janssen in the preliminary round in Jeju.
India's Pinky Jangra Rani replaced the injured Chungneijang Mary Kom Hmangte in their team, and she opened with a triumph over Si Haijuan, which was China's first loss in the 8th AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships.
Central American Champion, and rising hope of the region Atheyna Bylon won her opening bout which was Panama's first ever victory in the history of the AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships.
"I felt good, but I know I will feel better in my next bout in the AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships in Jeju. That was my first fight since the Commonwealth Games and I know I was slow to get going, but soon worked out my opponent's favourite punches and adapted from there in the rest of the contest. It was good to get the first fight out of the way, it always is. I am looking forward to fighting Brazil's Clelia Marques Costa on Wednesday whom I have been comp sparring in the lead up to this championships," commented Australia's Kristy Harris.
"I was too slow in the whole bout against Turkey's Elif Nur Coskun and my reactions were too late in the tactical situations. I tried to speed up my footwork, but I was not in enough shape to do my plans in the ring. My Turkish opponent prepared well after our first contest in June. I do not know what happened with me, it might be that I was not able to keep my energy after the long travel and my acclimatization was not successful," said Hungary's Katalin Ancsin after her loss.
A further 48 preliminary bouts will be held on the third competition day at the AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships in Jeju, Korea.
Winners of the Light Flyweight class (48 kg), Bantamweight class (54 kg) and Lightweight class (60 kg) will be secure heir places in the last 16, and Ireland's London 2012 Olympic Champion and four-in-a-row AIBA Women's World Champion Katie Taylor will be also in action on Day 3.


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Click on the Name to view the individuals' genealogy and family history.


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ABC cancels 'Roseanne' in light of 'Planet of the Apes' tweet
ABC Entertainment has canceled 'Roseanne' after the actress tweeted that former White House adviser Valerie Jarrett is a product of the Muslim Brotherhood and the "Planet of the Apes."
By: Kelly Bazzle
RELATED | Roseanne Barr blames sleep drug Ambien for racist tweets that got show canceled
On Tuesday, Barr tweeted to Jarrett that she was sorry for "making a bad joke" about her politics and her looks. Jarrett, who is African-American, advised Barack and Michelle Obama.
I apologize to Valerie Jarrett and to all Americans. I am truly sorry for making a bad joke about her politics and her looks. I should have known better. Forgive me-my joke was in bad taste.
— Roseanne Barr (@therealroseanne) May 29, 2018
ABC released a statement Tuesday, May 29, calling Barr's statement on Twitter, "abhorrent, repugnant and inconsistent with our values."
JUST IN: ABC Entertainment cancels Roseanne Barr's show, calling her comment on Twitter "abhorrent, repugnant and inconsistent with our values." https://t.co/aHfreKKCH3 pic.twitter.com/aSmCMK7R0R
— ABC News (@ABC) May 29, 2018
Comic Wanda Sykes, who is a consulting producer on "Roseanne," tweeted that she would not be returning to the show after Barr's tweet.
Tuesday night, ABC was originally going to air a Roseanne re-run, but has replaced it with "The Middle."
A publicist for Viacom says its cable networks including Paramount Network, TV Land and CMT will also pull Roseanne from their respective schedules as of Wednesday.
The original Roseanne is also being removed from the Laff Network.


A basic definition of information management, as provided by Wikipedia, is "the collection and management of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences." This definition covers a wide range of activities for acquiring, manipulating, and using information, whether it is physical or digital. However, this definition does not provide guidance on making information management a systematic or valuable process for a company or organization.
The challenge for every IT organization is to determine how to implement information management so that it furthers the company's business objectives and helps deliver business value. In other words, how should we make information management operational? How do we make information management a set of activities that add value to what IT delivers to the business?
Making information management operational requires a shift in thought and approach to how IT deals with data, applications, and delivers value.
Up until today, IT has delivered value to the business in several ways. Initially, IT was the provider of computer and network hardware for the business and developer of business applications to use them. As the demand for functionality grew and comprehensive, integrated front- and back-office applications became available, IT became an application implementer and integrator for customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management (SCM), and more. More recently, IT has become a developer of Internet and mobile application capabilities for the business.
Thus, the value of IT to the business has evolved from providing basic capabilities and infrastructure to application installation and management. Furthermore, IT outsourcing over the past decade has made contract management a core competency for IT management. At one time, IT was the source of computer and application expertise for the business, but IT has now become a cost center with application knowledge outsourced and declining knowledge of the business.
Smartphones, social media applications, and more are transforming the way we live our lives. Yet in business we are stuck in the remnants of our past, as short as that past might be, and its legacy of numerous fragmented business applications and data. If we are to make information management a reality, this cannot continue.
It is time for the real transformation of IT to begin and data will drive it.
Consider what it would be like if IT was centered on data rather than applications or business functions. This would mean that you would have to think of the information necessary for performing an activity rather than thinking of the activity independently of any other use of information and most other activities in order to program it. The difference that will arise from focusing on information first will be profound. Information management will become as essential an operational process as testing is to successful application deployment.
Business terminology. A glossary of business terminology is the set of terms or data names, definitions, and associated rules for every distinct piece of information used in the business. The glossary of business terminology allows businesspeople to identify the information they use for a business activity. It also provides an understanding of the criteria, hierarchy or classifications necessary to apply to the information.
Data and rules. The focus on information will change business requirements from a focus of functional units or programs to a consistent use of business information, the rules associated with it, and the rules associated with presenting and using it before any application software is purchased or developed. Thus the focus is on information and the associated rules for using it, including those for data security and regulatory compliance.
Information use. We can then look at an activity as one or more discrete interactions, such as web pages, queries, reports, files, or messages that embody and use the information necessary for the activity. This has the additional benefit of focusing on business activities or actions to accomplish a business purpose, rather than on developing application programs or units of code.
Business processes. Understanding business activities will also make IT more knowledgeable of and responsive to business operations and needs. By focusing on business activities and how they interrelate, IT will learn about operational business processes. Applying information analysis principles to determine data latency, duplication and inconsistency will help IT become capable of operational analysis and business process improvement.
Business value. A focus on business terminology, rules, information usage and business processes will make IT a core component of delivering business value. Consider a strategic goal. If a company's existing business processes could achieve a strategic goal without changing, strategic goals would be realized almost instantaneously. The reality is that business processes regularly require improvement to realize strategic goals. An IT department focused on business activities and processes and their use of information will be essential for delivering business value quickly and effectively.
IT will be transformed by focusing on the data used to create information that enables business activities. Today this data resides in multiple application databases and data stores that create data redundancies, inconsistencies and exceptions. Managing data today is purely a physical effort, keeping the databases and data stores adequate for the applications they support. Efforts to deal with data redundancies, inconsistencies, and exceptions mostly happen downstream from the applications for data warehouses and business intelligence analytics and applications. This is not information management, and this environment has prevented information management from being operational.
Operational information management will require a fundamental transformation of IT and how IT supports the business. Fundamental transformations are always a challenge. What is true is that IT's focus on applications and programs has run its course – IT is now managing software and outsourcing contracts to deliver value to the business. I call the past 50 years of business IT the "Age of the Programmer." Programmers delivering software have been equated to delivering business value. I characterize the fundamental transformation of IT as moving from the "Age of the Programmer" to the true Information Age, and operational information management is the key to this transformation.
Investigating this transformation of IT and enabling it are the objectives of my BeyeNETWORK expert channel. Exploring the details of operational information management and its effect on IT disciplines and practices will be the focus of future articles.


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Judd Apatow Working on George Carlin Documentary
The filmmaker's next project alongside Michael Bonfiglio will tell the iconic stand-up's story
on June 09, 2020, 11:17am
George Carlin and Judd Apatow (photo by Heather Kaplan)
Judd Apatow is going from a project centered around the latest Saturday Night Live breakout star to one about the show's first-ever host. The filmmaker's follow-up to the Pete Davidson-starring King of Staten Island will be a documentary on the late, great George Carlin.
Apatow revealed the news in an interview with The Boston Globe. "I'm about to start work with my partner Michael Bonfiglio on a documentary about George Carlin," he told the newspaper. "So I'm looking forward to watching a lot of Carlin interviews and specials. I think his work turned out to be very prophetic."
Update – August 10th: The two-part documentary will premiere on HBO.
Known as the dean of counterculture comedians, Carlin's insightful wit and ability to poke fun at societal flaws with the silver tongue of a dialectician made him an icon of stand-up. He produced 14 specials for HBO beginning in 1977, and was the first person to host SNL in 1975. His landmark "seven dirty words" routine not only won him acclaim for how he addressed the politics of indecency, but was actually used as evidence in the Supreme court censorship case which led to many of today's FCC rules.
Carlin also starred in a number of films, including Kevin Smith's Dogma and the original Bill & Ted films (Apparently, repurposed footage of Carlin will be used in the upcoming Bill & Ted 3 reboot). He died of a heart attack on June 22nd, 2008 at the age of 71.
How George Carlin Made Us Grateful for a Life Worth Losing
May It Last Forever: An Interview with Judd Apatow, Michael Bonfiglio, and The Avett Brothers
Apatow and Bonfiglio are longtime collaborators and have worked on a handful of documentaries together. They teamed on the The Zen Diaries of Garry Shandling, with the former directing and the latter co-executive producing, and co-directed the Avett Brothers doc May It Last. They also co-directed the 30 for 30 film Doc & Darryl.
Michael Bonfiglio
90% of Independent Music Venues Could Close Due to COVID-19
Blitzen Trapper Share the Origins of New Song "Masonic Temple Microdose #1": Stream


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BMW's Hover Ride Design Concept is a Lego-inspired flying bike
BMW Motorrad and Lego join forces to make a 603-part flying bike kit, and end up creating a full-scale model
by: Joe Holding
Trainees at BMW's junior company have constructed a full-scale flying motorcycle model called the Hover Ride Design Concept, taking inspiration from a joint project between the German manufacturer and Lego Technic.
Based on the BMW R 1200 GS Adventure, BMW Motorrad had initially teamed up with Lego to create an alternative version of the latter's 603-part plastic replica of the road-going bike.
• Will the flying car market ever take off?
Using the same pieces they were able to devise a hovering variant of the toy, and they loved the final product so much that they tasked a handful of BMW's trainees in Munich to develop the real thing.
We say 'the real thing', but the Hover Ride Design Concept is for the time being at least a non-functioning entity, although the specially built propellers give a glimpse of how an actual hoverbike could work in the future.
"It was a great idea and a superb creative challenge to develop a fictitious model from the parts of the LEGO Technic BMW R 1200 GS Adventure set," said Head of BMW Motorrad Vehicle Design, Alexander Buckan. "Our concept not only incorporates the BMW Motorrad design DNA with typical elements such as the boxer engine and the characteristic GS silhouette, it also draws on the LEGO Technic stylistic idiom."
• Caterham Seven 620R immortalised in new LEGO set
The Hover Ride Design Concept went on public display for the first time at Lego World in Copenhagen yesterday, and will soon move on to be showcased at various BMW bases.
• Meet the BMW Motorrad Vision concept
"It was incredibly inspiring to see colleagues from different disciplines working with our trainees," said Markus Kollmannsperger, trainer for technical model-making. "Everyone involved in this project learned an awful lot."
If this is the first step towards airborne personal transport, perhaps there is a future in which bikes will be just as popular as cars...
Do you like BMW's Hover Ride Design Concept? Let us know below...


Managing strategy at the top is about putting in place a management platform that enables connecting the organization's long-term vision with specific strategic goals.
We help Boards, CEO's and their top teams create the overarching framework and the management platform within which the organization can effectively set its strategic direction, deploy its key strategic initiatives and maximize operational impact.
To learn more about how to leverage our in-depth experience and to address any aspect of the challenges listed here, we encourage you to initiate a dialogue with us.
Establishing long-term vision – Defining and tuning a clear and compelling vision is crucial for unifying and focusing the organization's efforts.
Linking strategy and governance – Effective Board involvement in the organization's strategic process enhances the nature and extent of the organization's strategic thinking.
Designing the office of the CEO – Optimal design of the center's multiple roles is pivotal for effectively conceiving and executing strategy.
Managing leadership talent and CEO succession – Corporate agenda and CEO succession are deeply interrelated. Effective governance addresses both simultaneously.
Running the strategic management process – Strategic management is not what it used to be. It is changing from traditional goal setting to steering of strategic ideas and process.
Linking strategy and market-valuation – Building shareholder value requires effectively linking strategic moves and capital structure management.