1. Preheat the oven to 180°C/gas 4. Grease and flour a 30 x 7.5cm rectangular cake tin.
2. Place the chocolate and butter in a heatproof bowl over a saucepan of simmering water, making sure that the bowl does not touch the water. Sitr until melted and smooth.
3. Remove the bowl from the pan, allow to cool slightly, then whisk in the egg yolks.
4. Add the sugar and cocoa powder and mix well.
5. Beat the egg whites until soft peaks form. Fold the whites into the chocolate mixture, a third at a time.
6. Pour the mixture into the prepared tin and bake in the preheated oven for about 30 minutes, or until the cake has risen like a soufflé and is slightly set. Leave to cool in the tin.
7. Turn the cake out and serve with quenelles of mascarpone.


For years, economists said Germany was doing everything wrong. But today it's thriving, even in the wake of the global financial crisis.
Per-capita income. Measured at ruling exchange rates as of 2008, Germany's per-capita income was $44,600. That was within hailing distance of America's $47,500 -- an impressive performance in itself and all the more so when you realize that the typical German worker put in just 1,432 hours in 2008 versus 1,792 hours for the typical American.
Trade. Germany's trade performance over the longer term has been nothing short of spectacular. From 1998 to 2008 the German current account went from a deficit of $5.9 billion to a surplus of $267.1 billion. The contrast with the United States could hardly be starker: The American current account deficit shot from $233.8 billion in 1998 to $568.8 billion in 2008.
Innovation. Germany is a leader in key new technologies, including renewable energy such as solar and wind power. Germany is also the political and economic driving force behind the Large Hadron Collider, the huge new European particle accelerator that is exploring some of the most fundamental questions in physics, and the resulting breakthroughs should redound disproportionately to Germany's advantage.
Jobs. Even in the case of unemployment -- a yardstick that for most of the two decades since reunification had been a major embarrassment for Berlin officials -- Germany is now doing better than many other nations. As of December 2009, the jobless rate, at 8.1 percent, was well below America's 10 percent.
The idiosyncrasies of the German economic model are striking and in many ways, make it seem behind the times. Few Germans own credit cards, and cash is still king. Then there is the somber German Sabbath. Thanks to a powerful alliance of labor unions and religious conservatives, most stores remain closed on Sunday.
Even when the stores are open, their pricing is not always a case study in efficient markets. The other day in Berlin, for instance, I noticed that a 100-tablet pack of aspirin cost 15.95 euros. For this sort of money -- about $23 -- you can buy more than 20 times as many tablets in the States. American expatriates in Germany complain of a long list of similarly inflated prices for everything from guitar strings to Ziploc bags.
Such divergences from American expectations are merely the surface manifestations of a radically different economic culture. The German economy has succeeded because it remains decidedly German. That begins with the close relationship -- too close, in many American eyes -- between German banks and German industry. In the so-called hausbank ("house bank") system, most corporations have a long-standing, largely exclusive arrangement with one main bank. The hausbank owns significant stakes in many of its corporate customers and thereby exercises considerable behind-the-scenes influence.
Admittedly, the hausbank system is not as all-encompassing as it once was. In an effort to minimize conflicts of interest in its investment-banking operations, Deutsche Bank in particular divested key shareholdings some years ago. But as the Göttingen-based scholar Andreas Busch has pointed out, the significance of Deutsche Bank's policy change has been exaggerated in the English-language press. "One swallow does not make a summer," he says. "Deutsche Bank does not figure as large in the German economy as many foreign observers imagine. The burden of proof here lies with those who argue that the core of the system has been hit." He adds that the hausbank system is still central to the financing of many small and medium-sized enterprises (what in German are known collectively as the mittelstand). On Busch's figures, the mittelstand accounts for 70 percent of employment and about half of the total output of the enterprise sector.
Then there is Germany's notably labor-friendly employment system. Despite some regulatory relaxation in recent years, German workers enjoy much greater job security than do their American counterparts. As Herrigel points out, even in the midst of the current downturn, which has proved temporarily devastating for many manufacturing companies, there have been remarkably few layoffs. Instead, Germans have moved toward work-sharing via the kurzarbeit (literally, "short work") system.
Labor also enjoys a powerful voice in Germany's two-tier boardrooms. In the case of the largest corporations, half of all seats on the supervisory board are reserved for employee representatives. In most cases one of these employees is a management nominee, but the others are genuine employee representatives. Labor enjoys considerable veto power, and on key issues, its wishes can be overridden only if management and shareholders forge a completely united front. The board oversees and appoints a management board that runs day-to-day affairs.
As viewed by orthodox American economists, the patients are running the asylum. But few aspects of the German model seem more secure than this system of co-determination in corporate governance. German corporations have consistently increased their global market share over the years. In the steel industry, for instance, ThyssenKrupp now outproduces United States Steel 3 to 1. In the electrical industry, Siemens is a bigger exporter than ever, while General Electric long ago shuttered most of its American factories in a controlled retreat into outsourcing and diversification.
Then there is Germany's performance in the automobile industry. Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche, and BMW remain at the top of their game, even as Detroit has been brought to its knees. In the last year, a German government "cash for clunkers" program -- the model for the U.S. program introduced last summer -- proved highly effective in supporting domestic demand. In export markets the German carmakers really show their mettle. In a normal year, BMW, for instance, sells three times as many cars abroad as at home. Overall, the German industry accounts for a global market share of about 17 percent -- not bad for a nation with just 1.2 percent of the world's population. Admittedly, about half of German-brand cars are produced in foreign assembly plants, but such plants rely heavily on German-made components.
Even in services, where the American model is supposedly indisputably superior, German corporations don't seem at a serious disadvantage. In the airline industry, for instance, Lufthansa is still airborne after more than 80 years, while its once much larger and more powerful American rivals on the Atlantic route, Pan Am and TWA, have long been grounded. Lufthansa ranks sixth in the world in passenger miles and has been expanding by acquisition in Austria, Switzerland, Britain, Belgium, and the U.S. (where it has bought a 15.6 percent stake in JetBlue).
To be sure, not everything has been going swimmingly for the German economy. In particular, the German banking system has hardly emerged unscathed from the recent global financial earthquake. But how could it? After all, Germany now ranks second only to China among the world's capital-exporting nations. In that capacity it has had to recycle vast funds into capital-importing nations, including the two largest and most profligate, the United States and Britain. Given that both nations are suffering their worst financial strains since the Great Depression, Germany could not realistically have walled itself off from the world financial crisis. But the German banking system's domestic operations have remained relatively healthy. The two notable bank meltdowns -- Bayerische Landesbank and Landesbank Baden-Württemberg -- were caused by problems largely incurred abroad, in the American sub-prime mortgage market in the former case and in the derivatives market in the latter.
Clearly we have to adjust for the population effect. When we do, we discover -- confoundingly, for American orthodoxy -- that on a per-capita basis Germany actually very slightly outperformed the United States between 1998 and 2008 (with growth averaging just less than 1.5 percent versus America's less than 1.4 percent).
For close observers like Herrigel of the University of Chicago, Germany's performance over the last decade has always seemed more solid than that of the United States. "The task of calculating U.S. growth in recent years has been greatly distorted by the financial bubble," he says. "Germany's growth has been a lot more healthy, and the wealth created has been much more sustainable."
For two decades now, German policy-makers have been wrestling with one of the most perplexing challenges in economic history: how to integrate the backward states of the old East Germany into a highly advanced First World economy. Along the way the authorities consciously chose to let economic growth take a backseat as they battled pressing political concerns. Most obviously they opted at the outset in 1990 to value the old East German mark at a 1-to-1 parity with the West German mark, fully aware that the consequence would be long-term unemployment in the East. But the decision achieved a crucial immediate political objective in forestalling a sudden, potentially highly destabilizing population lurch from East to West. The skills that older East German workers were equipped with, however, were useless in an advanced First World market economy and, with no case for paying such workers anything like West German wages, unemployment remained high for years. If any advanced nation has had an excuse for a subpar economic performance, it has been Germany.
Yet today, Herrigel says, "I have traveled very extensively in the country and it is everywhere very, very prosperous. There are no pockets of extreme poverty such as we have on Chicago's West Side. Many parts of America have conditions more like those in developing rather than developed economies."
The secret of the German system's success is, in large part, a strong national commitment to advanced manufacturing. At last count the industry still made up about 20 percent of Germany's total output, compared with little more than 11 percent in the United States. The pivotal significance of a strong manufacturing sector is understood by virtually all thoughtful Germans even if it is scorned by many of America's most influential economists.
Pat Choate, a Washington-based author and longtime advocate of a strong American manufacturing base, points out that manufacturing can be -- and often is -- both far more capital intensive and far more know-how intensive than the advanced services such as software and financial engineering on which the United States has staked its future. "The Germans, like the Japanese, have a structural advantage," Choate says. "They have concerned themselves with the structure of their economy, while we have been indifferent. It would be unthinkable for the German government to facilitate the outsourcing of industry as the Clinton and Bush administrations did."
Choate adds that German manufacturers enjoy a key advantage in research and development thanks to close links with universities. "The German system of research institutes goes back to the Kaiser Wilhelm institutes of the 19th century and continues today," he says. "Germany is a major source of basic research and then practical development. We got a boost before and after World War II when so many of their scientists came here, but we have failed to link our research universities with industry as ... the Germans [have]."
Meanwhile, on examination, many of Germany's economic failings turn out to be strengths in disguise. Take, for instance, the almost complete absence of credit cards. This is generally taken by American observers to be merely a reflection of an antiquated German economic culture. But Luigi Guiso, a Florence-based expert on economic culture, points out that there is probably more to it than this. As a matter of policy, the German banking system has hindered the rise of credit cards and has instead promoted debit cards. Credit cards reduce the savings rate whereas debit cards boost it, providing German banks an abundant source of funding to support their corporate clients.
All this makes more sense when you realize that in many areas of advanced manufacturing, the global economic cycle is particularly severe. Thus, even the most capably managed companies sometimes need considerable financial support to ride out downturns. This is where Germany's continuing high savings rate comes into its own. The savings are disproportionately channeled -- via Germany's bank-dominated system of patient capital -- into supporting advanced manufacturers. These then typically come back stronger than ever in the next up-cycle. By contrast, their competitors in nations like the United States and Britain have too often had to fend for themselves. Over the last half century, each succeeding recession has left American and British manufacturers more financially exposed. As a result, Germans have consistently increased their market share in advanced manufacturing. There is a long list of specialty items in which even remarkably small German makers now dominate world markets. Examples run the gamut. Windmoeller & Hoelscher, for instance, enjoys a 90 percent share of the world market for machines that make heavy-duty paper bags. Achenbach Buschhütten has a similar share of the world market for aluminum-rolling mills. Herbert Kannegiesser dominates the world market for hotel laundry equipment.
Although most economists of the Anglo-American tradition regard Germany's job-protection arrangements as a major competitive disadvantage, these represent yet another way in which the German model is focused on the economy as a whole. From the point of view of a shareholder interested merely in short-term profits, it may be inconvenient that a corporation cannot readily lay off workers in a downturn, but for the whole economy, the result is clearly to dampen the negative effects of the economic cycle.
More important, because workers enjoy considerable job security, it is much easier for management to introduce new, more efficient production technologies. Workers tend to embrace new technologies as the best way to ensure their job's long-term viability. Moreover, the infrequent worker turnover at German companies is a key reason why German employers are willing to invest heavily in employee training. As Herrigel points out, there is far less risk than in the United States that workers will take their skills to a rival employer. "Germany has constructed a whole system to prevent poaching by rival employers," he says. "There is no such thing as free riding, whereby an employer can poach away workers by offering them a few pennies more per hour. The whole German economy depends on skilled labor, and there is a robust program of vocational training in which every employer participates."
Even the co-determination system works well. Although in theory workers might be tempted to use their boardroom power to award themselves unrealistically large wage hikes, in practice this rarely happens. Instead, workers take a moderate approach in the interests of their employer's long-term health. The result is that German corporate executives generally regard co-determination as an aid and not a hindrance as it helps ensure worker flexibility when work procedures need to be changed or tasks reassigned.
One of the more consequential effects of co-determination is on corporations' outsourcing policies. Where the most sophisticated production technologies are concerned, workers have a strong interest in preventing technology transfers abroad, which are rightly seen as undermining the viability of jobs at home. In opposing such transfers, workers are acting precisely in the national interest. By contrast, the American model, in which companies like IBM, Boeing, and Hewlett-Packard readily transfer even many of their most advanced production technologies to foreign subsidiaries, clearly hastens the demise of American economic leadership.
German labor tends to respond resourcefully in the face of outsourcing threats. Herrigel cites the example of one engineering company he studied, which cancelled an outsourcing plan after consultation with workers. "This was a company that made huge ball bearings for the shipbuilding industry, and the task of polishing and assembling the bearings was considered too labor intensive for German workers," he recalls. "As a result of works-level consultation, however, the trade union suggested new, more efficient work procedures that made it preferable to retain the entire production in Germany."
Perhaps the ultimate proof that all this adds up to an extraordinary engine of economic success is in Germany's export performance. In 2008, for instance, German exports reached fully $1.49 trillion, which comfortably topped America's $1.27 trillion. Put another way, on a per-capita basis Germany out-exported the United States by more than 4 to 1 ($18,200 per capita versus $4,160). Wolfgang Lutterbach of the German Confederation of Trade Unions puts it succinctly: "How can we be champions in so many international markets and not be efficient?"
As of 2010 the Germans are evidently more efficient than ever. David Marsh, a London-based consultant and author of The Bundesbank: The Bank That Rules Europe, sums up the story: "After the reforms of the last decade -- but also after the setbacks of the credit crisis and ensuing recession -- the German model has emerged in better shape than before, to face the exigencies of global competition. About 90 percent of the German model -- crucially, the web of understandings between different sections of business, employees and government -- has survived intact."
Correction: Due to an editing error, the following line, "In 2008, for instance, German exports reached fully $1.49 trillion, which comfortably topped America's $1.27 trillion," read billion, rather than trillion.


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Home » Rodney Brown
Brown Changes Careers Quickly
Chamber Urban League Form New Connection
Auto Suppliers See Glimmer Of Hope
MUSKEGON — The value was learned at a young age.
Growing up in Grand Rapids' Lafayette area, Rodney Brown was taught by his grandparents the value of giving and of helping others. As he works to bring opportunity to those in Muskegon who've not always shared in the region's economic successes, Brown always keeps that lesson in mind.
"They always instilled in me to want to give back. as well as to focus on achievement. But also as I achieve, how can I can I help?" said Brown, the president of the Urban League of Greater Muskegon.
Brown, 34, joined the organization in August after working for seven years as an adjunct professor of political science at Grand Rapids Community College. During that period, he also worked as an administrator for two neighborhood associations in Grand Rapids and spent as year as a housing counselor with the Grand Rapids Urban League. He even ran twice for public office, in 1997 for the Grand Rapids City Commission and in 1998 for the Kent County Board of Commissioners.
While he didn't win either time, Brown does not consider either campaign a failure. As a political scientist he believes he achieved part of his goal because "I generated good debate."
In joining the Urban League of Greater Muskegon, Brown saw an opportunity that fit well with his skills and professional background. The mission of the Urban League to generate opportunity for and to empower disadvantaged persons and African Americans also appealed to his personal and professional values.
"If we can empower those who are disadvantaged, then we empower this nation," Brown said when explaining his goal of expanding the Urban League's role in the community's "broader fabric" as it relates to economic development in Muskegon County.
"We are a bridge and that's what I want to expand on and continue to be a larger bridge where more people can walk across and that can extend to diverse groups," he said. "I'd like to increase opportunity and instill and bring about a sense of justice and fairness to those that have historically been denied access."
Following that route, Brown's early tenure with the Urban League of Greater Muskegon saw the recent formation of a unique partnership with the Muskegon Area Chamber of Commerce to generate greater diversity within the businesses community and bring a new source of capital and networking opportunities to minority business owners.
Reaching out to the minority community had been a goal of the Muskegon Area Chamber of Commerce for years. After he joined the Urban League in August, Brown began talking with the chamber about a partnership and the idea took off, he said.
"It was a natural and it was timing," Brown said. "We just worked to make it happen."
Brown initially pursued a career in business following his graduation from Santa Clara University in Santa Clara, Calif., a Jesuit college where he earned a degree in political science in 1990. He originally came home to Grand Rapids after graduating, returned to California and eventually came back home, where he joined Grand Rapids Community College.
While Brown still has visions of becoming a successful businessman, his priorities for now rest with creating new opportunities for people in Muskegon — a town that is on the upswing and he believes holds enormous potential for all.
"This community is on the cusp of doing great things," he said.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Henri Bourlès est un scientifique français dont les contributions relèvent de l'automatique et des mathématiques. Ingénieur de l'École centrale Paris (1977), il a réalisé sa thèse sur la théorie de la robustesse, la première en France sur le sujet (Institut polytechnique de Grenoble, 1982, directeur de recherche Ioan Doré Landau). Jusqu'en 1997, sa carrière a mêlé l'enseignement des mathématiques, de la théorie du signal et surtout de l'automatique (dans des écoles d'ingénieur, à l'université et à l'École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay) et la recherche, en particulier au Centre d'Études et Recherches d'Électricité de France où il est devenu Ingénieur Chercheur Senior après avoir obtenu son habilitation à diriger des recherches en 1992 à l'Université Paris-Sud. Aujourd'hui professeur émérite du Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, il a été professeur  titulaire de la Chaire d'automatisme industriel dans cette institution de 1997 à 2020. Il fait sa recherche au laboratoire SATIE (Unité mixte de recherche de l'École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay).

Enseignement et recherche
L'enseignement qu'il a dispensé combine des méthodes classiques de l'automatique et ses contributions personnelles, et a donné lieu à plusieurs livres. Ses premiers travaux de recherche étaient essentiellement tournés vers la théorie de la robustesse, dont il a joué en France le rôle de pionnier. Quelques-unes de ses contributions de cette période: la formalisation de la notion de marge de retard et la mise en évidence de l'importance de cette notion pour la conception des régulateurs; l'interprétation algébrique de la commande LQG/LTR; une généralisation de résultats existants sur la théorie de la stabilité des systèmes régis par une équation différentielle fonctionnelle, et notamment des systèmes à retard; l'extension, avec l'aide de ses doctorants, des méthodes de commande robuste aux systèmes non linéaires . Ses travaux se sont progressivement orientés depuis 1997, à la suite de sa collaboration avec Michel Fliess, puis avec le mathématicien autrichien Ulrich Oberst, vers des applications à l'automatique de la théorie des modules et de l'Analyse algébrique. Elles lui ont permis d'obtenir, en collaboration avec un ancien doctorant et Oberst, des conditions fines, dans une formulation intrinsèque, de stabilité des systèmes linéaires à coefficients variables; puis, en collaboration avec Oberst de nouveau, une méthode de commande robuste des systèmes linéaires discrets à coefficients périodiques.

Publications

Ouvrages

Chapitres de livres

Articles

Vulgarisation
 Henri Bourlès et Hisham Abou-Kandil, « L'automatique », Encyclopaedia Universalis

Notes

Scientifique français
Naissance en 1954
Automatique
Enseignant au Conservatoire national des arts et métiers
Élève de l'École centrale Paris
Élève de l'Institut polytechnique de Grenoble

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The ACIF is a campus wide facility housed in the Department of Chemistry and consists of four components, Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, Optical Spectroscopy and X-ray Crystallography. A faculty director oversees the ACIF as a whole and a support staff of four spectroscopists manage and maintain the various facilities.
Let us know what we are doing well and what we can do to better serve your research needs.


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The unsolved murder of Leo Daly
Crime Stoppers South Australia plays an active role in media, promoting unsolved crimes and encouraging people to provide information anonymously with the option of a reward.
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Leo Daly has not been seen since the morning of 5 April 1998.
The 33-year old was last seen at his home address at Mitchell Park by his house mate.
Police believe that Mr Daly was in fear for his life in March 1998 due to drug debts.
The petty criminal, who was also involved in the drug world, is believed to have been bashed in April 1998 at a Mitchell Park house by two men before being taken to sea off Cape Jervis and dumped overboard.
The motive for his murder was apparently a $1000 drug debt.
His body has never been located.
In 1999 two suspects were arrested and charged with Mr Daly's murder. These charges were later withdrawn when a key witness refused to give evidence.
Both persons remain suspects in this matter.
One of the suspects is also believed to be involved in the disappearances and suspected murders of David McWilliams, Robert Pendergast and 15-year old Juan Morgan.
Police believe that there are probably only three people who know what happened in relation to each of these four men.
Part of the reason these cases remain unsolved is because the information about the disappearances is tightly held by a criminal group who were mostly committing theft, re-birthing stolen vehicles and drug trafficking.
There is a total of $1.6 million available in rewards in connection with Operation Jarrah – not just for information leading to the conviction of the person responsible but for recovery of the remains of these four men.
A reward of up to $200,000 is on offer to anyone who provides information that leads to a conviction for the suspected murder or the recovery of Leo Daly's remains.
Anyone with information is asked to contact Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or at www.crimestopperssa.com.au
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MISSING PERSON PROFILE – John Bruce
17/01/22 | Article, Media Releases
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EUROMED hawthorn extract is a standardized herbal extract of Crataegus oxyacantha L. leaf with flower, a plant widely distributed throughout the eastern part of Europe including the former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary and China.
Flavonoids (0.5-1.5%) and the oligomeric procyanidins (OPC's, 2.2-3.3%) are regarded as active constituents of hawthorn. The primary flavonoid in the leaves is vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside or occasionally acetylvitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside; in the flowers it is hyperoside. The flavonoids are composed of flavanol aglycones and flavanol O-glycosides (quercetin, kaempferol, hyperoside, isoquercitroside, spirein, rutin among others), flavone-Oglycosides (luteolin-7-O-glucoside), flavone-C-glycosides (vitexin, isovitexin, orientin and isoorientin), flavone-C-O-glycosides (vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside and acetylvitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside among others) and flavone-di-C-glycosides. The procyanidin fraction is composed of 2 to 8 (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin units. The dimeric procyanidin B-2 and the trimeric procyanidin C-1 are the main constituents. Some procyanidin tetramers are present.
Aromatic carbonic acids, mainly chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, pentacyclic triterpenoid acids such as oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, crataegolic acid as well as nitrogen-containing compounds such as choline and acetylcholine were cited in older literature as components of the drug.
Hawthorn extract is an herbal preventive and therapeutic agent for cardiac insufficiency. It improves the efficiency of the heart by increasing blood supply to the heart muscle so the heart is able to pump more blood to the body. Hawthorn lowers the resistance to blood flow in peripheral vessels.
Hawthorn can be used alone or in conjunction with other conventional or botanical drugs for a wide variety of mild cardiac disturbances, including palpitations from various origins such as hyperthyroidism and menopause, tachycardia, angina, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac insufficiency.
Hawthorn extract is generally well tolerated. Side-effects are rare when the standardized extract is taken. In some cases slight or medium strong gastrointestinal irritation may occur. Interactions with other heart active substances may occur.
Hawthorn extract can be safely consumed when used appropriately. To-date the potential toxicity of its preparations is considered very low.


As many long time readers of this blog probably already know, I never snapped and wrote an outfit post in my life! This is officially my first time trying, I was never comfortable enough to actually do something similar before, but I'm now pretty sure you'll see more style related posts on here in the upcoming future. I've decided to step out my comfort zone and it feels pretty damn good!
Not that I did the same with my outfit at all, this is probably the outfit that better sum up my style preferences and what I like to wear this time of the year. It features a few new purchases as well that I plan of wearing a lot in the next few months and that are certainly autumn staples to me: I've already introduced you to my new London Rebel Flat Shoes in my latest post so I'll spare you the ode this time, but I'm being pretty obsessed with my new ASOS Tan Satchel which I carry literally everywhere and that it's just the perfect size for my day trips to Milan (it fits my bits and bobs as well as camera + lens perfectly!), and my new Kitten Scarf, which is adorable, isn't it?!


How do you balance your life today with your goals for tomorrow?
Online education is the answer for those who are trying to figure out how to fit an education into their already busy lifestyles. Unlike a conventional campus with a narrow program schedule, online education is flexible and puts control in the hands of the student – individuals choose what, when and where to study. Completing courses online from home, the office, the local library, or the corner café fits comfortably into our fast-paced, tech-forward way of life.
With the constant evolution in technology, self directed study is fast becoming the most popular way to further your education. This online option makes it easier for adult learners to balance the demands of work and family while pursuing enhanced career skills. It's never been easier to achieve your goals with the flexibility in learning schedules coupled with the ability to choose your own hours.
When you eliminate the need for a classroom you reduce the costs associated with traditional post-secondary education, both to your lifestyle and to your bank account. Imagine being able to pursue your dream career while still maintaining your current job or just think how satisfying it would be to get that promotion you deserve by simply upgrading your skills in your spare time! With online education, advancing your career is at your fingertips.
Post secondary education is expensive, but, with the highly competitive job market, it is an expense we cannot spare. Self directed learning offers a means of gaining that competitive edge without losing out on the ability to maintain a job, family, or household in the meantime.
Advantages of an online education are numerous and include affordability, convenience, no additional accommodation costs, no transportation costs, as well as the invaluable confidence and sense of accomplishment acquired through a self-initiated education journey.
Aside from these benefits, students that study through distance education have a greater feeling of success…and with good reason! Taking your future into your own hands is an indication of motivation and discipline. Employers realize the commitment it takes to independently keep up with assignments and tests without constant classroom supervision. The ability to self-motivate is an asset in any workplace, and this skill is in high demand on a resume and on the job.
It's no longer necessary to choose between going to school and going to work. With online education, you are able to do both without having to sacrifice your lifestyle or your pay check so get online and get on track today!


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https://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvODQ3ODA3LW92ZXJ2aWV3
Drugs & Diseases > Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery
Malignant Tumors of the Palate
Author: Nader Sadeghi, MD, FRCSC; Chief Editor: Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA more...
Sections Malignant Tumors of the Palate
Relevant Anatomy
Preoperative Details
Intraoperative Details
Outcome and Prognosis
Future and Controversies
The palate is divided anatomically into the hard palate (part of the oral cavity) and the soft palate (part of the oropharynx). Cancer of the soft palate accounts for approximately 2% of head and neck mucosal malignancies. Half of all hard palate cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) as seen in the image below. Nonsquamous cell cancers, including minor salivary gland cancers, sarcomas, and melanomas, account for the other half (see the histologic distribution of hard palate malignant neoplasms and the histologic types and frequencies of minor salivary gland neoplasms of the palate, below).
Squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate.
However, in the soft palate, 80% of cancers are SCCs. Nonsquamous malignancies account for the other 20%. The prevalence of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer has geographic variations, with the highest rate reported in India, accounting for 50% of all cancer cases in that country.
The histologic distribution of hard palate malignant neoplasms is as follows:
Squamous cell carcinoma - 53%
Adenoid cystic carcinoma - 15%
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma - 10%
Adenocarcinoma - 4%
Anaplastic carcinoma - 4%
Other - 14%
The histologic types and frequencies of minor salivary gland neoplasms of the palate is as follows:
Benign - 26%
Malignant - 74% overall
Adenocarcinoma - 18%
Malignant mixed tumor - 8%
Other - 2%
Although a strong correlation is established between tobacco and alcohol consumption and SCC of the oral cavity and soft palate, the relationship to hard palate cancer is not as clear. Reverse smoking is a specific etiologic factor for SCC of the hard palate. In reverse smoking, the lit end of the cigarette is placed in the mouth so that an intense heat is generated during smoking. Other factors, including ill-fitting dentures, poor oral hygiene, mechanical irritation, and mouthwash, are implicated in oral cavity SCC; however, the evidence is less convincing.
A thorough history and physical examination help to assess the extent of tumor.
SCC extension beyond the hard palate occurs in up to 70% of lesions. Posterior extension involves the soft palate, with possible velopharyngeal insufficiency and hypernasal speech. Palatal hypesthesia indicates trigeminal nerve involvement in the sphenopalatine foramen or pterygopalatine fossa extension.
An absent corneal reflex is indicative of skull-base extension through the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, or inferior orbital fissure.
Dental numbness may indicate perineural invasion. Middle ear effusion is suggestive of nasopharyngeal extension or invasion of the tensor veli palatini muscle.
Involvement of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve may manifest as hypesthesia along the mandible or wasting of the temporalis or masseter muscles. This is indicative of infratemporal fossa involvement. Trismus, malocclusion, and pain are symptoms of invasion of the pterygoid muscles. Extension to the gingiva requires assessment. Dental sockets provide a pathway of invasion to the alveolar process of the maxillary bone and into the maxillary sinus. Nasal floor involvement may occur by direct extension through the palate.
Lymph node involvement is of special concern in SCC and high-grade mucoepidermoid cancer. It is rare in other salivary gland carcinomas. Approximately 30% of patients have cervical node metastasis at the time of presentation. [1] The submandibular nodes (level I) and upper deep jugular lymph nodes (level II) are the first echelon of nodal drainage. However, in tumors with posterior soft palate extension, retropharyngeal nodes may be involved. Soft palate carcinomas are staged as oropharyngeal cancers according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (see Staging).
Almost half of patients present with extension of the tumor beyond the soft palate. Common sites of extension include the tonsils, retromolar trigone, inferior or superior alveolar process, hard palate, and base of tongue. Extension into the sphenopalatine foramen may result in palatal hypostasis. In extensive lesions extending into the nasopharynx, middle ear effusion is common. The tumor may extend anterosuperiorly into the pterygomaxillary and infratemporal fossa.
SCCs of the palate manifest as ulcerative surface lesions. Often, patients are asymptomatic in the early stages, but they may experience pain in advanced stages. A palate mass, bleeding, a foul odor, ill-fitting dentures in edentulous patients, or loose teeth may be the presenting symptoms for patients with hard palate cancer. In persons with advanced-stage soft palate cancers, velopharyngeal insufficiency, altered speech, difficulty swallowing, referred otalgia, trismus, or a neck mass may be present. Because the area is easily visualized, tumors are often found at early stages incidentally by the patient or the physician.
On the other hand, minor salivary gland tumors manifest as submucosal lesions, as depicted in the image below, with a smooth, normal mucosal covering. Melanomas are smooth, black lesions but may be brown or brownish gray. Kaposi sarcomas are bluish lesions that are commonly seen in patients with HIV infection.
Thirty-two-year-old man with a submucosal lesion at the junction of the hard and soft palate.
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and necrotizing sialometaplasia are benign self-limited lesions that can mimic SCC and need to be distinguished histologically. Torus palatina (ie, bony hyperplasia of the palate) are hard midline masses that produce no symptoms and should not be confused with tumors.
A study by Zhurakivska et al found that two of eight patients with necrotizing sialometaplasia of the minor salivary glands of the palate had associated tumors (pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma), indicating that previous reports may have underestimated the frequency with which such neoplasms occur in relation to the condition. The investigators also suggested that the obscurement of minor salivary gland tumors by necrotizing sialometaplasia may cause treatment delays. [2]
The palate separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinuses. The mucosa of the palate is a keratinizing pseudostratified squamous epithelium. However, the submucosa has numerous minor salivary glands, especially in the hard palate. The periosteal covering of the hard palate becomes a relative barrier to the spread of cancer into the palatine bone.
The neurovascular supply to the palate comes from the palatine foramina, located medial to the third molar teeth. These foramina provide a pathway for the tumor to spread. Descending palatine arteries from the internal maxillary artery provide the blood supply. Vessels pass anteriorly through the nasopalatine foramen to the nose. Sensory and secretomotor fibers from the maxillary (V-II) branch of the trigeminal nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion traverse to the hard palate via the greater and lesser palatine nerves.
Anatomically, the soft palate is part of the oropharynx. It consists of mucosa on both surfaces. Intervening between the 2 mucosal surfaces are the connective tissue, muscle fibers, aponeurosis, numerous blood vessels, lymphatics, and minor salivary glands. Functionally, the soft palate serves to separate the oropharynx from the nasopharynx during swallowing and speech. The soft palate approximates with the posterior pharyngeal wall during swallowing to prevent nasopharyngeal regurgitation and approximates during speech to prevent air escape into the nose.
Contraindications to surgical correction of malignant palate tumors are based on the patient's comorbidities and his or her ability to tolerate surgery. Coexisting medical conditions may put the patient at risk during anesthesia. Additionally, tumors may be deemed inoperable because of their size or extent of involvement. Tumors that have intracranial extension are considered inoperable if they involve the brain parenchyma. Radiation therapy is a treatment option in these rare cases. See the Treatment section for recommended treatments for various types and stages of palate cancer.
Yang Z, Deng R, Sun G, Huang X, Tang E. Cervical metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of hard palate and maxillary alveolus: A retrospective study of 10 years. Head Neck. 2013 Jun 4. [Medline].
Zhurakivska K, Maiorano E, Nocini R, et al. Necrotizing sialometaplasia can hide the presence of salivary gland tumors: a case series. Oral Dis. 2019 May. 25 (4):1084-90. [Medline].
Ju WT, Zhao TC, Liu Y, et al. Computed tomographic features of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the palate. Cancer Imaging. 2019 Jan 31. 19 (1):3. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Zheng Y, Xiao Z, Zhang H, et al. Differentiation between benign and malignant palatal tumors using conventional MRI: a retrospective analysis of 130 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018 Apr. 125 (4):343-350. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Rodriguez-Bruno K, Ali MJ, Wang SJ. Role of panendoscopy to identify synchronous second primary malignancies in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2011 Jul. 33(7):949-53. [Medline].
Stassen L, Khosa AD, Israr M. The value of the 'buccal pad of fat' in the reconstruction of oral defects following removal of intraoral tumours--a clinical assessment. Ir Med J. 2013 Jan. 106(1):13-5. [Medline].
Simental AA Jr, Johnson JT, Myers EN. Cervical metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Laryngoscope. 2006 Sep. 116(9):1682-4. [Medline].
Sanchez-Fernandez JM, Santaolalla-Montoya F, Sanchez-del Rey A, et al. In reference to: "Cervical metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate.". Laryngoscope. 2007 Mar. 117(3):565-6; author reply 566. [Medline].
Givi B, Eskander A, Awad MI, et al. Impact of elective neck dissection on the outcome of oral squamous cell carcinomas arising in the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Head Neck. 2016 Apr. 38 Suppl 1:E1688-94. [Medline].
Germain MA, Hartl DM, Marandas P, et al. Free flap reconstruction in the treatment of tumors involving the hard palate. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2006 Apr. 32(3):335-9. [Medline].
Genden EM, Wallace DI, Okay D, et al. Reconstruction of the hard palate using the radial forearm free flap: indications and outcomes. Head Neck. 2004 Sep. 26(9):808-14. [Medline].
Yamamoto Y, Kawashima K, Sugihara T, et al. Surgical management of maxillectomy defects based on the concept of buttress reconstruction. Head Neck. 2004 Mar. 26(3):247-56. [Medline].
Kader HA, Mydin AR, Wilson M, et al. Treatment outcomes of locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer: a comparison between combined modality radio-chemotherapy and two variants of single modality altered fractionation radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Jul 15. 80(4):1030-6. [Medline].
Ye W, Song Y, Ying B, et al. Use of the buccal fat pad in the immediate reconstruction of palatal defects related to cancer surgery with postoperative radiation therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014 Dec. 72(12):2613-20. [Medline].
Eskander A, Givi B, Gullane PJ, Irish J, Brown D, Gilbert RW, et al. Outcome predictors in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate. Laryngoscope. 2013 Apr 1. [Medline].
Yang X, Song X, Chu W, et al. Clinicopathological Characteristics and Outcome Predictors in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Maxillary Gingiva and Hard Palate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015 Jan 10. [Medline].
Tabrizi R, Aliabadi E, Maleki MJ, Barouj MD. Association between clinical features, treatment, and recurrence rate of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the palate: a 10-year retrospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016 Jul. 54 (6):648-51. [Medline].
Coronal CT scan revealing intranasal extension of the tumor.
Sagittal MRI revealing a mass confined to the palate, without sinonasal extension.
Coronal MRI.
Transoral resection of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the palate.
Schematic per-oral approach to the palate using a Dingman mouth retractor.
Nader Sadeghi, MD, FRCSC Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University Faculty of Medicine; Chief Otolaryngologist, MUHC; Director, McGill Head and Neck Cancer Program, Royal Victoria Hospital, Canada
Nader Sadeghi, MD, FRCSC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Head and Neck Society, American Thyroid Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
Khalid Al-Sebeih, MD, FRCSC, FACS Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University
Khalid Al-Sebeih, MD, FRCSC, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Canadian Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kuwait Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
Karen H Calhoun, MD, FACS, FAAOA Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ohio State University College of Medicine
Karen H Calhoun, MD, FACS, FAAOA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Head and Neck Society, Association for Research in Otolaryngology, Southern Medical Association, American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Rhinologic Society, Society of University Otolaryngologists-Head and Neck Surgeons, Texas Medical Association
M Abraham Kuriakose, MD, DDS, FRCS Chairman, Head and Neck Institute, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences
M Abraham Kuriakose, MD, DDS, FRCS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Cancer Research, American Head and Neck Society, British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Royal College of Surgeons of England
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text:
'Dark Phoenix' has the worst X-Men opening ever, loses to 'The Secret Life of Pets 2'
'Dark Phoenix,' presumed to be the franchise finale for X-Men, finished a distant second at the box office, behind 'The Secret Life of Pets 2.'
'Dark Phoenix' has the worst X-Men opening ever, loses to 'The Secret Life of Pets 2' 'Dark Phoenix,' presumed to be the franchise finale for X-Men, finished a distant second at the box office, behind 'The Secret Life of Pets 2.' Check out this story on USATODAY.com: https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2019/06/09/dark-phoenix-worst-xmen-debut-ever-behind-secret-life-pets/1402010001/
Lindsey Bahr, The Associated Press Published 1:56 p.m. ET June 9, 2019 | Updated 7:58 p.m. ET June 9, 2019
Max and his friends learn you don't have to be big to be brave in "The Secret Life of Pets 2." Illumination
LOS ANGELES – After nearly 20 years and a dozen films, the current manifestation of X-Men movies is going out with a whimper.
Scorched by poor reviews, "Dark Phoenix" earned a franchise low of $33 million from 3,700 North American locations over the weekend for a second-place finish, according to studio estimates on Sunday. First place went instead to "The Secret Life of Pets 2."
The sequel, featuring the voices of Kevin Hart, Tiffany Haddish and Harrison Ford in his first animated role, grossed an estimated $47.1 million in ticket sales. Although less than half of what the first film opened to in 2016, it's still a major win for the studio, considering the production budget was around $80 million. Including international grosses, its global total is already sitting at $97 million.
"It's a fantastic result," says Jim Orr, Universal's president of domestic theatrical distribution. "We couldn't be more proud."
More: Do the X-Men belong in the Marvel movie universe after 'Dark Phoenix'?
Spoilers! Why one pivotal X-Men scene in 'Dark Phoenix' almost broke Sophie Turner
Duke (left, voiced by Eric Stonestreet) and Max (Patton Oswalt) have a lot to learn from no-nonsense farm dog Rooster (Harrison Ford) in "The Secret Life of Pets 2." (Photo: ILLUMINATION ENTERTAINMENT/UNIVERSAL PICTURES)
With decidedly less stellar results, "Dark Phoenix" trailed behind the talking animals. Directed by longtime X-Men scribe Simon Kinberg, it focuses on Jean Grey, who is played by Sophie Turner, fresh off of her "Game of Thrones" run as Sansa Stark. It also brings back James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender and Jennifer Lawrence. It's the de facto conclusion to the modern X-Men movies that started in 2000, and also the first major 20th Century Fox film to be released by Disney following the acquisition.
Listen to this week's episode of USA TODAY's podcast, The Mothership, to hear our Tech Reporter and Film Critic discuss whether X-Men's "Dark Phoenix" will rise from its counterpart's ashes.
But the quality wasn't there and it scored even worse reviews overall than the widely disparaged "X-Men: Apocalypse." Audiences who showed up seemed to concur with the critics, giving it a deadly B-minus on CinemaScore.
"It's softer than we hoped," says Cathleen Taff, Disney's president of theatrical distribution. "While the film didn't open the way we wanted, we think the legacy of the X-Men series is important and it's more important than how one film opens. We're trying to keep it in perspective."
Spoilers! How 'King of the Monsters' sets up that epic 'Godzilla vs. Kong' matchup
The rule was 'no midriff': Why Jasmine doesn't bare her belly in 'Aladdin'
Sophie Turner's Jean Grey gets imbued with great power that tears her apart, inside and out, in the X-Men film "Dark Phoenix." (Photo: 20TH CENTURY FOX)
Paul Dergarabedian, senior media analyst for Comscore, notes even with the lackluster North American debut and reception, "Dark Phoenix" was No. 1 internationally with $107 million from 53 territories, including China. Globally, it earned $140 million.
"In the international marketplace, it seems like the spectacle and the brand wins out," Dergarabedian says.
Also, the X-Men characters, which had been licensed to Fox, are now expected to be integrated with Disney's stable of characters in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Disney's new extended "Aladdin" trailer is here for the live-action remake that hits theaters May 24. WALT DISNEY STUDIOS
Disney has another winner in its books in "Aladdin," which coasted to third place in its third weekend with an additional $24.5 million. Globally, it has earned $604.9 million to date.
"Godzilla: King of The Monsters" had a titan-sized second-weekend fall, however, down 67% with $15.5 million.
And the acclaimed Elton John biopic "Rocketman" rounded out the top five with $14 million.
Overall, the box office is healthy. The weekend is up 37% from last year when "Ocean's 8" opened and the year-to-date deficit improved again. The year is now down 5.9%.
Final numbers are expected Monday.
'Dark Phoenix': See all the celebs at the X-Men red carpet premiere
"Dark Phoenix," the latest in the "X-Men" franchise, had its U.S. premiere Tuesday at the TCL Chinese Theatre IMAX in Hollywood. Star Sophie Turner lead the way with new husband Joe Jonas. See who else was there: Matt Winkelmeyer, Getty Images
Michael Fassbender Matt Winkelmeyer, Getty Images
Jennifer Lawrence Matt Winkelmeyer, Getty Images
James McAvoy Matt Winkelmeyer, Getty Images
Jessica Chastain JEAN-BAPTISTE LACROIX, AFP/Getty Images
Tye Sheridan Matt Winkelmeyer, Getty Images
Alexandra Shipp and James Shipp JEAN-BAPTISTE LACROIX, AFP/Getty Images
Evan Peters Matt Winkelmeyer, Getty Images
Famke Janssen Steve Granitz, WireImage
Nicholas Hoult Matt Winkelmeyer, Getty Images
Halston Sage JEAN-BAPTISTE LACROIX, AFP/Getty Images
Kodi-Smit McPhee and Rebecca Phillipou Matt Winkelmeyer, Getty Images
Kota Eberhardt JEAN-BAPTISTE LACROIX, AFP/Getty Images
Turner also posed with director Simon Kinberg. Matt Winkelmeyer, Getty Images
Olivia Holt Matt Winkelmeyer, Getty Images
Emma Lahana Matt Winkelmeyer, Getty Images
Comic book writer Chris Claremont JEAN-BAPTISTE LACROIX, AFP/Getty Images
Aphra Williams JEAN-BAPTISTE LACROIX, AFP/Getty Images
Shawn Ashmore and Dana Wasdin Matt Winkelmeyer, Getty Images
Japanese musician Yoshiki JEAN-BAPTISTE LACROIX, AFP/Getty Images
Read or Share this story: https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2019/06/09/dark-phoenix-worst-xmen-debut-ever-behind-secret-life-pets/1402010001/


text:
\section{Main results}

If $S$ is an ordered semigroup, for a subset $X$ of $S$, the set
$$Q:={\Bigg (}X\cup {\Big( }(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big )}{\Bigg ]}$$is the
quasi-ideal of $S$ generated by $X$. It is mentioned without proof in
[9]. In spite of whatever we already said at the beginning of the
introduction which gives a complete proof of our argument, we think
it is interesting to give an independent detailed proof which is the
following:

1) $(QS]\cap (SQ]\subseteq Q$. Indeed:
\begin{eqnarray*}QS&=&{\Bigg (}X\cup {\Big( }(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big
)}{\Bigg ]}S={\Bigg (}X\cup {\Big( }(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big )}{\Bigg
]}(S]\\&\subseteq& {\Big (}X\cup (XS]{\Big ]}(S]\subseteq
{\Bigg(}{\Big(}X\cup (XS]{\Bigg)}S{\Bigg]}\\&=&{\Big(}XS\cup
(XS]S{\Big]}.
\end{eqnarray*}Since $(XS]S=(XS](S]\subseteq (XS^2]\subseteq (XS]$,
we have$$QS\subseteq {\Big(}XS\cup
(XS]{\Big]}={\Big(}(XS]{\Big]}=(XS],$$so $(QS]\subseteq
{\Big(}(XS]{\Big]}=(XS]$. Similarly we get so $(SQ]\subseteq (SX]$,
thus we have\begin{eqnarray*}(QS]\cap (SQ]&\subseteq&(XS]\cap
(SX]\subseteq X\cup {\Big(}(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big)}\\&\subseteq &
{\Bigg(}X\cup {\Big(}(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big)}{\Bigg ]}=Q.\end{eqnarray*}

2) If $a\in Q$ and $S\ni b\le a$, then $b\in Q$. In fact:\\
Since $a\in Q:={\Bigg (}X\cup {\Big( }(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big )}{\Bigg
]}$, we have$$b\le a\le t \mbox { for some } t\in X\cup {\Big(
}(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big )}.$$If $t\in X$, then $b\le t\in X$, then $b\in
(X]\subseteq {\Bigg(}X\cup {\Big( }(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big
)}{\Bigg]}=Q$.\\If $t\in (XS]\cap (SX]$, then $b\le t\in (XS]\cap
(SX]$, so $$b\in {\Big (}(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big ]}\subseteq {\Bigg(}X\cup
{\Big (}(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big )}{\Bigg]}=Q.$$[Instead of 2), we could
also write $((Q]]=(Q]$ (as this holds for any subset of $S$)].

3) If $T$ is a quasi-ideal of $S$ such that $T\supseteq X$, then
$$Q:={\Bigg (}X\cup {\Big( }(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big )}{\Bigg ]}\subseteq
{\Bigg (}T\cup {\Big( }(TS]\cap (ST]{\Big )}{\Bigg ]}=(T]=T.$$
$\hfill\Box$

The sufficient condition of Proposition 2 in [8] is the following: \\
Suppose $X\cap Q\cap Y\subseteq (YQX]$ for every right ideal $X$,
every left ideal $Y$ and every quasi-ideal $Q$ of $S$. Then $S$ is
intra-regular.\\Here is its corrected proof: Let $X\subseteq S$.
Denote by $r(X)$, $l(X)$, $q(X)$ the right ideal, left ideal and the
quasi-ideal of $S$, respectively, generated by $X$. By hypothesis, we
have\begin{eqnarray*}X&\subseteq&r(X)\cap q(X)\cap l(X)\subseteq
{\Big(}l(X)q(X)r(X){\Big]}\\&=&{\Bigg(}(X\cup SX]{\Bigg (}X\cup
{\Big( }(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big )}{\Bigg ]}(X\cup XS]{\Bigg
]}\\&=&{\Bigg(}(X\cup SX){\Bigg (}X\cup {\Big( }(XS]\cap (SX]{\Big
)}{\Bigg )}(X\cup XS){\Bigg ]}\\&\subseteq  &{\Bigg(}(X\cup SX){\bigg
(}X\cup (XS]{\bigg )} (X\cup XS){\Bigg ]}\\&=&{\Bigg(}{\bigg(}X^2\cup
SX^2\cup X(XS]\cup SX(XS]{\bigg )}(X\cup XS){\Bigg ]}\end{eqnarray*}
Since $X(XS]\subseteq (X](XS]\subseteq (X^2S]$ and $SX(XS]\subseteq
(SX](XS]\subseteq (SX^2S]$, we get\begin{eqnarray*}X&\subseteq&
{\Bigg(}{\bigg(}X^2\cup SX^2\cup (X^2S]\cup (SX^2S]{\bigg )}(X\cup
XS){\Bigg ]}\\&=&{\Big(}X^3\cup SX^3\cup (X^2S]X\cup (SX^2S]X\cup
X^3S\cup SX^3S\cup (X^2S]XS\cup (SX^2S]XS{\Bigg ]}.\end{eqnarray*}
Since

$(X^2S]X\subseteq (X^2S](X]\subseteq (X^2SX]\subseteq (X^2S]$,

$(SX^2S]X\subseteq (SX^2S](X]\subseteq (SX^2SX]\subseteq (SX^2S]$,

$(X^2S]XS\subseteq (X^2S](XS]\subseteq (X^2SXS]\subseteq (X^2S]$ and

$(SX^2S]XS\subseteq (SX^2S](XS]\subseteq (SX^2SXS]\subseteq (SX^2S]$,
we obtain$$X\subseteq {\Big(}X^3\cup SX^2S\cup (X^2S]\cup
(SX^2S]{\Big]}={\Big(}X^3\cup (SX^2S]\cup
(X^2S]{\Big]}.$$Then\begin{eqnarray*}X^3&\subseteq&{\Big(}X^3\cup
(SX^2S]\cup (X^2S]{\Big]}X^2\subseteq {\Big(}X^3\cup (SX^2S]\cup
(X^2S]{\Big]}(X^2]\\&\subseteq&{\Bigg(}{\Big(}X^3\cup (SX^2S]\cup
(X^2S]{\Big)}X^2{\Bigg]}\\&=&{\Big(}X^5\cup (SX^2S]X^2\cup
(X^2S]X^2{\Big]}.\end{eqnarray*}Since

$X^5\subseteq SX^2S$

$(SX^2S]X^2\subseteq (SX^2S](X^2]\subseteq (SX^2SX^2]\subseteq
(SX^2S]$ and

$(X^2S]X^2\subseteq (X^2S](X^2]\subseteq (X^2SX^2]\subseteq (X^2S]$,
we have$$X^3\subseteq {\Big(}SX^2S\cup (SX^2S]\cup (X^2S]{\Big]}=
{\Big(}(SX^2S]\cup (X^2S]{\Big]}.$$Then\begin{eqnarray*}
X&\subseteq&{\Big(}X^3\cup (SX^2S]\cup (X^2S]{\Big]}\\&\subseteq&
{\Bigg(}{\Big(}(SX^2S]\cup (X^2S]{\Big]}\cup (SX^2S]\cup
(X^2S]{\Bigg]}\\&=&{\Bigg(}{\Big(}(SX^2S]\cup
(X^2S]{\Big]}{\Bigg]}\\&=&{\Big(}(SX^2S]\cup
(X^2S]{\Big]},\end{eqnarray*}and hence\begin{eqnarray*}X^2&\subseteq&
X{\Big(}(SX^2S]\cup (X^2S]{\Big]}\subseteq (X]{\Big(}(SX^2S]\cup
(X^2S]{\Big]}\\&\subseteq&{\Bigg(}X{\Big(}(SX^2S]\cup
(X^2S]{\Big)}{\Bigg]}={\Big(}X(SX^2S]\cup
X(X^2S]{\Big]}\\&\subseteq&{\Big(}(X](SX^2S]\cup (X](X^2S]{\Big]}
\subseteq{\Big(}(XSX^2S]\cup
(X^3S]{\Big]}\\&\subseteq&{\Big(}(SX^2S]{\Big]}=(SX^2S],\end{eqnarray*}

$X^2S\subseteq (SX^2S]S=(SX^2S](S]\subseteq (SX^2S^2]\subseteq
(SX^2S]$ and

$(X^2S]\subseteq {\Big(}(SX^2S]{\Big]}=(SX^2S]$.\medskip

\noindent Thus we have$$X\subseteq {\Big(}(SX^2S]\cup
(X^2S]{\Big]}={\Big(}(SX^2S]{\Big]}=(SX^2S],$$ and $S$ is
intra-regular.$\hfill\Box$\medskip

Combining this result with the Proposition 2 in [8], we get the
following theorem:\medskip

\noindent{\bf Theorem 1.} {\it Let $S$ be an ordered semigroup. The
following are equivalent:\begin{enumerate}
\item[$(1)$] S is intra-regular;

\item[$(2)$] For every right ideal X, every left ideal Y and every
bi-ideal B of S, we have $X\cap B\cap Y\subseteq (YBX]$;

\item[$(3)$] For every right ideal X, every left ideal Y and every
quasi-ideal Q of S, we have $X\cap Q\cap Y\subseteq
(YQX]$.\end{enumerate} }\medskip

As we already know, the theory of ordered semigroups based on ideals
and the theory of $le$-semigroups based on ideal elements are
parallel to each other. All the results on $le$-semigroups based on
ideal elements are expressed in ordered semigroups in terms of
ideals, and conversely. It is surprising that, for the results on
ordered semigroups based on ideals points do not play any essential
role but the sets [8], as we have also seen in the results above. In
this respect, the Theorem 1, in case of
$le$-semigroups is the following:\medskip

\noindent{\bf Theorem 2.} (cf. also [5])  {\it Let S be an
$le$-semigroup. The following are equivalent:\begin{enumerate}
\item[$(1)$] S is intra-regular;

\item[$(2)$] For every right ideal element x, every left ideal
element y and every bi-ideal element b of S, we have $x\wedge
b\wedge y\le ybx$;

\item[$(3)$] For every right ideal element x, every left ideal
element y and every quasi-ideal element q of S, we have $x\wedge
q\wedge y\le yqx$.\end{enumerate} }\medskip

Let us first give the necessary definitions, and then we will prove
the theorem. A $poe$-semigroup is an ordered semigroup (:
$po$-semigroup) $S$ having a greatest element usually denoted by
$``e"$ (that is, $e\ge a$ for all $a\in S$) [4]. An $le$-semigroup is
a $poe$-semigroup which is at the same time a lattice (under the
operations $\vee$ and $\wedge$) such that $a(b\vee c)=ab\vee ac$ and
$(a\vee b)c=ac\vee bc$ for all $a,b,c\in S$ [1, 2]. An element $a$ of
an ordered semigroup $S$ is called a right (resp. left) ideal element
if $ax\le a$ (resp. $xa\le a$) for all $x\in S$ [1]. If $S$ is a
$poe$-semigroup, then $a$ is a right (resp. left) ideal element of
$S$ if and only if $ae\le a$ (resp. $ea\le a$) [4]. An element $a$ of
a $poe$-semigroup $S$ is called a bi-ideal element of $S$ if $aea\le
a$, and it is called a quasi-ideal element of $S$ if the element
$ae\wedge ea$ exists (in $S$) and $ae\wedge ea\le a$ [3]. For an
$le$-semigroup, we denote by $r(a)$, $l(a)$, $q(a)$ the right ideal
element, the left ideal element and the quasi-ideal element of $S$,
respectively, generated by $a$. We have $r(a)=a\vee ae$, $l(a)=a\vee
ea$. A $poe$-semigroup $S$ is called intra-regular if $a\le ea^2e$
for all $a\in S$ (cf., for example [4]). The element $a\vee (ae\wedge
ea)$ is the quasi-ideal element of $S$ generated by $a$ ($a\in S$).
In fact:
$${\Big(}a\vee (ae\wedge ea){\Big)}e\wedge e{\Big(a\vee (ae\wedge
ea)}{\Big)}={\Big(}ae\vee (ae\wedge ea)e{\Big)}\wedge {\Big(}ea\vee
e(ae\wedge ea){\Big)}.$$Since $ae\wedge ea\le ae$, we have $(ae\wedge
ea)e\le ae^2\le ae$. Since $ae\wedge ea\le ea$, we have $e(ae\wedge
ea)\le e^2a\le ea$. Thus we have$${\Big(}a\vee (ae\wedge
ea){\Big)}e\wedge e{\Big(a\vee (ae\wedge ea)}{\Big)}=ae\wedge ea\le
a\vee (ae\wedge ea).$$Clearly, $a\vee (ae\wedge ea)\ge a$. If $t$ is
a quasi-ideal element of $S$ such that $t\ge a$, then $a\vee
(ae\wedge ea)\le t\vee (te\wedge et)\le t$. \bigskip

\noindent{\bf Proof of the theorem.} $(1)\Longrightarrow (2)$. If $S$
is intra-regular, then for any element $a$ of $S$, we have$$a\le
ea^2e=eaae\le e(ea^2e)(ea^2e)e\le ea^2ea^2e.$$Let now $x$ be a right
ideal element, $y$ a left ideal element and $b$ a bi-ideal element of
$S$. Then, for the element $x\wedge b\wedge y$ of $S$, we
have\begin{eqnarray*}x\wedge b\wedge y&\le& e(x\wedge b\wedge
y)(x\wedge b\wedge y)e(x\wedge b\wedge y)(x\wedge b\wedge
y)e\\&\le&(ey)(beb)(xe)\le ybx.
\end{eqnarray*}$(2)\Longrightarrow (3)$. This is because the
quasi-ideal elements of $S$ are bi-ideal elements of $S$ as well.
Indeed, if $q$ is a quasi-ideal element of $S$, then $qeq\le qe\wedge
eq\le q$.\\$(3)\Longrightarrow (1)$. Let $a\in S$. Then $a\le ea^2e$.
In fact: By hypothesis, we have\begin{eqnarray*}a&\le&r(a)\wedge
q(a)\wedge l(a)\le l(a)q(a)r(a)\\&=&(a\vee ea){\Big(}a\vee (ae\wedge
ea){\Big)}(a\vee ae)\\&\le&(a\vee ea)(a\vee ea)(a\vee
ae)\\&=&(a^2\vee ea^2\vee aea\vee eaea)(a\vee ae)\\&=&a^3\vee
ea^3\vee aea^2\vee eaea^2\vee a^3e\vee ea^3 e\vee aea^2e\vee
eaea^2e\\&\le&a^3\vee ea^2e\vee ea^2\end{eqnarray*}Then $$a^3\le
(a^3\vee ea^2e\vee ea^2)a^2=a^5\vee ea^2ea^2\vee ea^4\le ea^2e.$$Thus
we have $$a\le ea^2e\vee ea^2, \;a^2\le ea^2ea\vee ea^3\le ea^2e,\;
ea^2\le ea^2e.$$ Thus we get $a\le ea^2e$, and $S$ is
intra-regular.$\hfill\Box$ \medskip

\noindent{\bf Remark.} The implication $(1)\Rightarrow (2)$ of
Theorem 2 holds in a $poe$-semigroup $S$ in general for which for any
right ideal element $x$, every left ideal element $y$ and every
bi-ideal element $b$ of $S$, the element $x\wedge b\wedge y$ exists.
{\small

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Home Cleveland Cavaliers Lakers News: LeBron James Surprised By Video Tribute But Appreciative Of Cleveland & Cavaliers
Lakers News: LeBron James Surprised By Video Tribute But Appreciative Of Cleveland & Cavaliers
David Richard-USA TODAY Sports
Recap: Shorthanded Lakers Fall To Raptors In Second Game Of Back-To-Back
Damian Burchardt
The Los Angeles Lakers lost a tough battle against a talented Cleveland Cavaliers team on Tuesday, falling 116-102 to register the first loss of the current six-game road trip.
Without Anthony Davis, who left the game in the first quarter, the Lakers became more vulnerable in the paint, allowing Jarrett Allen to score 22 first-half points on 10-for-11 (90.9%) from the field. But as the game went on, Donovan Mitchell took over and put up a season-high 43 points as well as five assists, six rebounds and four steals.
No other Cavaliers player has recorded a 40/5/5/4 stat line since LeBron James in his first run with the team. After the loss, James discussed how Mitchell's arrival in the offseason has improved the already strong Cleveland team, via Spectrum SportsNet:
"They were already competitive before Donovan got here, but I thought, you know, them adding him made them even more dynamic. I mean, you watched them last year, you saw how competitive they were as well. I think, well, some of their guys got injured towards the end of the season, they slipped a little bit, ended up in a Play-In game. But they were a good team last year. You add an NBA All-Star, a dynamic wing — or dynamic guard, I'm sorry — like Donovan is going to automatically make your team better."
James also reiterated that Cleveland remains a special place for him, adding the video tribute the four-time NBA champion received from the Cavaliers on Tuesday caught him off guard:
"Yeah, a little bit, a little bit. As always, love coming back here. Obviously, you know, the memories that I have here will never be forgotten. From the time I was drafted as an 18-year-old kid to the time I left. So, the reception I got from the fans here is mutual. That's for sure."
In addition to his 21 points, James registered 17 rebounds in the loss to the Cavaliers, collecting the most boards in a single game since 2016-17. Not long ago, the 37-year-old said he has extra motivation going into a game in Cleveland as he knows he won't have many more occasions to play in front of Cavs fans in his career.
James says Lakers couldn't fill in void left by Davis' exit
Thomas Bryant did a good job in Davis' place, putting up 19 points and nine rebounds in his best performance of the season. However, James said the Purple and Gold couldn't simply replicate all that Davis gives them on the court.
"I mean, he's given us everything — both scoring, defense, obviously rebounding, blocking shots around the rim, length," the Lakers All-Star said. Obviously, our length goes away when you have a guy that's 6'11'' with a [7'6''] wingspan, you know, can't match that."
Lakers Nation Debate: How Much Would You Pay Ed Davis This Summer?
Topic: We ask what is the maximum amount of money the Los…
Lakers News: Kobe Bryant Hopes To Be Asked For Opinion On Next Coach
Please enable Javascript to watch this video The Los Angeles Lakers will…
NBA News: Pacers Officially Sign Center Andrew Bynum
After three weeks of waiting around for the right opportunity, former Los…
Ryan Ward
Lakers News: Magic Johnson Releases NFT Collection with NBA Top Shot
Last week, Los Angeles Laker legend and NBA Hall of Famer Magic…


This half wig is really realistic, isn't really shiny and the hair are so soft!
The only point that I don't approve is that it is not comfy when I wear it: I'm sure that I apply it correctly but I still feel it loose.
For medium length hair, they look not so natural.


How do you like to Okonomi?!
There are many ways of serving these Japanese Pancakes, so many delicious variations, I felt like sharing two of my favs, one very basic, one with a few more bells and whistles. TWO RECIPES. We love you that much!!
This is like Japanese soul food, you can add grated cabbage or carrot or tofu chunks to the pancake and toppings, there are so many; cheese, Okonomiyaki/ Tonkatsu sauce (like BBQ sauce), mayonnaise, pickled ginger, seaweed flakes….. I was having it for breakfast, so I kept it relatively simple this morning.
I've made the classic wheat flour recipe gluten-free and kept it really basic so you can get creative and embellish with your favourite sauces and toppings. Then I've gone and done a twist and shake on the traditional recipe, BHK style.
The thing I like about the basic recipe is there are only a few ingredients and kids love it! Like a pancake but better, cooler, a little exotic and a lot of tasty, kids love scattering, leaves, snow, crumbs, torn up paper and also toppings, playing with their food like champions!!
I love seeing kids enjoying food and not taking it too seriously. But then again, I don't have kids. I get to give them back at the end of the day/ 5 minute spell. Maybe some parents will disagree when the food starts flying around the room. It just makes me giggle and join in.
Okonomiyaki is more than just an awesome name! Its a delicious snack served all over Japan, but is generally associated with the Kansai and Hiroshima regions.
It's an easy going dish, loves trying on different flavours for size. The name itself means okonomi, "how you like" and yaki meaning "grill". Basically, get creative and enjoy!
These recipes are a great base for this kind of tasty fun. It's that kind of dish, there are many restaurants with teppans tables around a grill, where you can grill your own Okonomiyaki. I've never done it, but it sounds like a great dining experience.
Traditionally, spring onions are used in this recipe, but I love leeks. At this time of year, I'm getting some beautiful organic leeks. If you're in Britain, and not a super traditionalist, I'd go for some nice leeks. The first recipe is probably something like the simple Okonomiyaki that was popular in World War II in Japan, when rice was in short supply and this, classically wheat pancake, was nutritious and filling.
Gram/ chickpea flour is of course a genius ingredient and a vegans best friend. It adds a lovely flavour here which some have described as 'slightly eggy' (it was me earlier on). We'll be playing more with this recipe soon, expect more variations.
You can omit the cornflour, but it does help bind the pancake together.
Use any type of gluten-free flour mix. All the ones I've tried work well.
These pancakes are like every pancake in the world, best served ideally straight from the pan. Although they are still tasty when served cool, just not straight from the fridge if possible.
If you're not gluten-free you can just replace the other flours with wheat flour. Unbleached white flour would be cool.
No seaweed flakes? No problems. Just grab a couple of sheets of nori and pop in a blender and blitz until they are a broken down into small flakes.
Chopped spring onions, toasted sesame seeds, pickled ginger, cheese, mayonnaise, Okonomiyaki sauce, sea weed flakes, kimchi (is awesome but a curve ball is the traditional thing) or try our Wasabi mayo recipe here.
In a mixing bowl, add the flours and then water, mix together until smooth, add the onions/ leeks, mix in.
In a medium sized frying pan, warm on medium high heat, add the oil, ensure the pan is well covered with oil, pour in the mixture, smooth out into a neat, chunky pancake.
Pop a lid on and cook for 5 minutes, flip over. You can use a plate to make this easier. Pop the pancake on a large plate, flip the pan over and place it on top. Using a kitchen cloth (the pan is hot;) hold the pan over the plate and flip them both over. Hope that makes sense! Or just flip it using your A+ pancake tossing skills.
Pop lid back on and cook for 3 minutes more.
Transfer onto a chopping board, cut into 8 pieces. Brush with the teriyaki sauce, top with chopped spring onions/ leeks and sesame seeds. Or go wild!!
In a mixing bowl, add the flours and then water, mix together until smooth, add the onions/ leeks, seaweed, nooch and salt, mix in.
In a medium sized frying pan, warm on medium high heat, add the oil, ensure the pan is well covered with oil, scatter with sesame seeds, then place the tofu on top. Making a layer of tofu on the base of the pan. Pour over the mixture, smooth out into a neat, chunky pancake.
Pop a lid on and cook for 6 minutes, scatter the pancake with sesame seeds and then flip over. You can use a plate to make this easier. Pop the pancake on a large plate, flip the pan over and place it on top. Using a kitchen cloth (the pan is hot;) hold the pan over the plate and flip them both over. Hope that makes sense! Or just flip it using your A+ pancake tossing skills.
Pop the lid back on and cook for 3 minutes more.
Transfer onto a chopping board, cut into 8 pieces. Brush with the teriyaki sauce, then mayo and scatter on the other toppings until it looks beautiful. Serve now!
If you try one of these recipes out, please let us know in the comments below. We'd love to hear how it went!
Gram flour is a genius!! It's basically ground chickpeas. We cook with it all the time, vegan tortillas/ fritattas, omelettes, nofu (recipe coming soon), g/f chapattis, dosas, farinata and loads of cakes, check out our 'Spiced Orange and Almond Upside Down Cake' from just before Christmas. So healthy, versatile and gluten-free too.
It's got high levels of protein, iron, fibre, magnesium, potassium and vitamin B-6.
Keep up to date with all our upcoming events, we still have rooms for our vegan cooking holidays in Spain and Cornwall this summer, with many more plans for festivals, cooking demos, workshops and even healthy cooking retreats later in '18.
Our Vibrant Vegan tour hits Manchester next weekend, can't wait!!
And I agree – gram flower: we should all be using it all the time!!
Looks delicious! Might have to try these but first I need to conquer crepes for my son's end of the year French class party.


Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that your body needs to function properly. They act as the building blocks of health and lay the foundation for everything that goes on inside our bodies, so it's really important to get enough vitamins and minerals every day. A vitamin is an organic compound required by the body for specific body processes, and in most cases, can't be made by the body itself. Minerals are equally important and have a variety of roles, including maintaining healthy pH levels and producing red blood cells.
Vitamins and minerals help to drive thousands of vital chemical chain reactions, with each vitamin depending on others for them to work properly. Essential minerals include calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and sulphur. An average diet and lifestyle will give us an average state of health but improving our nutritional status and taking good care of ourselves can lead to optimum health both now and in the future. This is why more and more people are choosing to take Super Supplemental Vitamins & Minerals to top up the nutrients they get from their diet.
Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that your body needs to function properly. The body itself can't make vitamins, so it's important to get enough vitamins and minerals in your diet every day This top selling daily nutrition formula provides an excellent balanced profile of 23 vitamins and minerals blended into a base of plant extracts to aid their absorption.
Super Supplemental provides complete, balanced nutrition that offers 100% of the recommended daily requirements of most vitamins and a full complement of minerals essential for good health. Super Supplemental vitamins and minerals can help to make up any shortfall in your daily diet, as it also supplies the body with micronutrients from super-foods and contains important carotenoid antioxidants lutein and lycopene that support tissues throughout the body. These nutrients contribute to a multitude of body processes. Vitamin A for the immune system, iron metabolism, and maintenance of normal vision and skin. B vitamins for energy metabolism, and a reduction in tiredness and fatigue. Vitamin C for the immune and nervous systems, and normal formation of collagen, and vitamin E for the protection of cells from oxidative stress. Vitamin D is not always easy to obtain, especially during the darker winter months, but is required for maintenance of normal bones, teeth and muscle function, blood calcium levels, and normal function of the immune system.
The formula also combines a wide range of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, iron and zinc, which contribute to a wide spectrum of essential processes in the body including cell division, oxygen transportation, blood clotting, cognitive function, protein synthesis, function of cell membranes, electrolyte balance, psychological function, and formation of connective tissue.
Note: This product contains vitamin A in the form of retinol. Do not take if you are pregnant or likely to become pregnant except on the advice of a doctor or antenatal clinic. This product contains iron, which if taken in excess, may be harmful to very young children.
[#size] Ingredients: Di-calcium phosphate, magnesium oxide, vitamin C, calcium bis-glycinate, potassium citrate, zinc gluconate, pantothenic acid, vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol), l-selenomethionine, ferrous fumarate, niacinamide, choline bitartrate, inositol, pyridoxine hydrochloride, calcium citrate, magnesium bis-glycinate dihydrate, biotin, thiamin, beta-carotene, para amino benzoic acid, riboflavin, vitamin A palmitate, copper gluconate, manganese citrate, alfalfa aerial parts (Medicago sativa), asparagus stems (Asparagus officinalis), broccoli flowers (Brassica oleracea var. italica), cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), hesperidin bioflavonoid extract, lemon bioflavonoid extract (Citrus limon), rutin, cyanocobalamin, rosehips fruit extract (Rosa canina), horsetail stems & strobilus (Equisetum arvense), vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), potassium iodide, chromium chloride, folic acid, kelp leaves & stems (Ascophyllum nodosum, Laminaria digitata). Bulking agent; microcrystalline cellulose, anti-caking agent; stearic acid, bulking agent; carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, anti-caking agents; magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide.
Note: contains porcine sourced gelatin.
Recommendation: Take one tablet with a meal twice daily.


text:
Q: How to handle several post request at the same time I need to handle POST requests from my GPS Provider (Trucking company) so that a light blinks for X seconds using Raspberry Pi GPIO + Relay when a truck breaks certain rule.
I have the following problem:
When I receive more than one POST request at the same time the blinker overlaps, which I dont want. I want the POST request that are received while the blinker is oon to be ignored.
Here is the code:
var app = require('express')();
var http = require('http').Server(app);
var myParser = require("body-parser");
var io = require('socket.io')(http);
var moment = require('moment');
var Gpio = require('onoff').Gpio, // Constructor function for Gpio objects.
  led1 = new Gpio(4, 'out'),         // Export GPIO17 as an output.
  led2 = new Gpio(17, 'out'),
  iv;
var busy = 0;
console.log("Inicio " + busy);

led1.writeSync(0);
led2.writeSync(0);

app.use(myParser.urlencoded({extended : true}));

function timestamp(fecha, hora){
  var a = new Date(fecha + ' ' + hora);
  return moment(a,'MMM, DD, YYYY hh:mm:ss a', false).add(-6,'hour').format('DD/MM/YY HH:mm');
}

function unidad(device){
  var res = device.split(" ");
  return res[0];
}

//ALERTA ROJA
app.post("/geotab/alerta_roja/", function(request, response) {
    if (busy == 0) {
        busy = 1;
    console.log(busy);
        response.send("200");
        console.log("--Alerta Roja-- " + request.body.duracion);
        io.emit('chat message', timestamp(request.body.fecha, request.body.hora) + " : Alerta Roja - " + request.body.regla);

        iv = setInterval(function () {
            led1.writeSync(led1.readSync() ^ 1); // 1 = on, 0 = off :)
        }, 200);

        setTimeout(function () {
         clearInterval(iv); // Stop blinking
        led1.writeSync(0);  // Turn LED off.
        // led.unexport();    // Unexport GPIO and free resources
        }, 1000 * request.body.duracion);
    busy = 0;
    console.log(busy);
    } else {
    console.log("Ocupada");
    }
});

//ALERTA AMARILLA
app.post("/geotab/alerta_amarilla/", function(request, response) {
    response.send("200");
    console.log("--Alerta Amarilla-- " + request.body.duracion);
    io.emit('chat message', timestamp(request.body.fecha, request.body.hora) + " : Alerta Amarilla - " + request.body.regla);

    iv = setInterval(function () {
        led2.writeSync(led2.readSync() ^ 1); // 1 = on, 0 = off :)
       }, 200);

    setTimeout(function () {
       clearInterval(iv); // Stop blinking
    led2.writeSync(0);  // Turn LED off.
    // led.unexport();    // Unexport GPIO and free resources
    }, 1000 * request.body.duracion);
});

app.get('/',function(req, res){
  res.sendFile(__dirname + '/index.html');
  led.writeSync(0);  // Turn LED off.
});

io.on('connection', function(socket){
  console.log('Usuario Conectado');
  socket.on('disconnect', function(){
  LED.writeSync(0); // Turn LED off
  LED.unexport(); // Unexport GPIO to free resources
 console.log('Usuario Desconectado');
  });
});

io.on('connection', function(socket){
  socket.on('chat message', function(msg){
    console.log('message: ' + msg);
  });
});

io.on('connection', function(socket){
  socket.on('chat message', function(msg){
    io.emit('chat message', msg);
  });
});

http.listen(3000, function(){
  console.log('Escuchando en puerto 3000');
});

A: It sounds like you just need to keep a flag in your server that tells you whether the LED is currently being blinked.  And, if that flag is set, you ignore any other operations that want to initiate a blink.
If you encapsulate your blink logic into one single function that everyone calls, then you can set, clear and check that flag all in that one function.
For example, you could have this function to control led1:
let currentlyBlinking = false;
let led1Interval;

function initiateBlink(blinkDuration = 5000, blinkInterval = 500) {
    if (!currentlyBlinking) {
        currentlyBlinking = true;

        // stop blinking after blinkDuration
        setTimeout(stopBlink, blinkDuration);

        // turn on initially, then toggle afterwards
        led1.writeSync(1);
        led1Interval = setInterval(() => {
            led1.writeSync(led1.readSync() ^ 1); // 1 = on, 0 = off :)
        }, blinkInterval);
    }

}

function stopBlink() {
    clearInterval(led1Interval);
    currentlyBlinking = false;
    led1.writeSync(0);
}

Then, don't access led1 directly anywhere in your code.  Only use these functions to initiate a blink or to stop a current blink.  If you had multiple LEDs that all had similar functionality, you could encapsulate this in a simple object and just create an object for each LED and the state for that LED would be instance variables of each object.
If you have access to asynchronous read/write operations, those would be preferable from a scale point of view.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home » Mideast Security and Policy Studies » Conflicting Interests: Tehran and the National Aspirations of the Iraqi Kurds
Conflicting Interests: Tehran and the National Aspirations of the Iraqi Kurds
By	Dr. Doron Itzchakov	December 14, 2017
Kurdish flag, image by Jan Sefti via Flickr CC
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The national aspirations of the Kurdish minority in Iraq pose a challenge to the four countries that have a large Kurdish population. It is not by chance that the decision to hold a referendum provoked furious reactions among the leaders of Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. According to the received wisdom, the success of Iraq's Kurdish minority in realizing its national self-determination will serve as a catalyst for separatist tendencies among the Iranian Kurds. However, Tehran's firm opposition to the move stems not only from the fear of a "chain reaction" but also from strategic and geopolitical consideration. In other words, the controversy between Shiite Iran and the Kurdish minority in Iraq is not the result of an historical memory of an uprising that led to the establishment of the "Republic of Mahabad" in the 1940s, but consists of other levels that express opposing aspirations in a changing geopolitical space.
Topics: Iran Kurds
Publication: Mideast Security and Policy Studies
← Russia's Strategic Advantage in the Baltics: A Challenge to NATO? Schoolbooks of the Palestinian Authority: The Attitude to Jews, to Israel and to Peace (Hebrew) →
Dr. Doron Itzchakov
(Ph.D. Tel Aviv University) Specializes in the history and politics of modern Iran, Iran-Israel relations, Iranian foreign policy. Email: [email protected]


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