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'65 Springboks in Australia
The interesting thing about the 1965 test series against Australia is that Chris Greyvenstein does not refer to it anywhere in his book Springbok Saga; perhaps understandable considering the poor overall performance of this 1965 team in Australia. On reflection, one wonders whether it is just partisan reporting or purposely orchastrated by structuring the chapters, of his book, in such a way that he could hide Springboks disasters to some extend. Probably not but I couldn't help wondering.
The 65 team arrived in Australia -on a short tour on their way to New Zealand- with a perception that rugby in Australia was weak and were lacking depth. It was a wrong perception. Rugby in Australia went through some revolutionary changes in the early sixties due to the inspiring work of a man by the name of Norman McKenzie. This revolution was one of the primary reasons why, in 1964, Australia drew the test series with the Springboks in South Africa and gave the AB one of their biggest hidings (20-3) yet in Auckland, New Zealand.
Australia rugby was far from where they wanted to be and were indeed weak and underdeveloped in the vast areas of Western Australia, Victoria and Queensland, but in Sydney and surrounding areas the idea of pattern rugby had taken hold and were leading the way for the rest of the country.
Pattern rugby is what we, today, would refer to as 10-man rugby and was a massive step in the direction of more structure in Wallaby rugby, which until that time, were known in New Zealand as Ozzie style airy fairy rugby -today "razzle and dazzle" rugby. McKenzie, after making a thorough study of New Zealand rugby started to promote the idea of pattern rugby in Australian; that is that Australia should start playing with less freedom and more structure and discipline and precision, on the basis of strong forward play. The main trust was that Australia should reduced the freedom and frilleries in their play and start concentrating upon careful, calculated planning, the reduction of mistakes to the lowest possible number, and the development of team-play to the kind of pattern favoured for many years in New Zealand.
It is astounding that Springbok management did not notice these changes in Australian rugby and did not see the danger lights after Australia, in 1964, drew 2 all with the Springboks in SA; brimming with self-assured confidence South Africa took a serious nose dive when they came up against a well coached, experienced and talented Wallaby side. The thing that made the Aussies so dangerous is that they did not loose their ability to "razzle and dazzle" in the transformation process but were now able to used it selectively on the back of pattern and precise forward play.
The media's first impressions of the Springboks in Australia were that they were a very good team with speed, and deception. In the first 3 matches against Western Australia (Perth, 2 matches) and Victoria (Melbourne, 1 game), the Springboks started with a "hiss and a roar" achieving proper wins against teams with relatively weak packs and weak defensive patterns. McLean, after the first two matches in Perth, wrote:
I confess to being shaken by the possibilities in each of these teams. The average pace was high. Even better was the backing up.
He writes that the defence of the opposition teams were weak but that the Spingbok's instinct for backing-up, for being in the right place at the right time, seemed to be keenly developed. Hannes Marias played in both matches (in Perth) because Abie Malan hadn't yet caught-up with the team. The Springboks won the first game with a score of 60-0 and the second game with 102-0. Almost all the players had good matches but McLean mentioned a few who he thought were outstanding such as Tommy Bedford, Jannie Engelbrecht, Frik du Preez and Keith Oxlee.
Kerneels Cronje -Eastern Transvaal wing- was particularly impressive until he got injured in the 58th minute of the first game. Terry McLean writes about Kerneels Cronje as follows:
Cornelius Cronje looked the most exciting and promising back in the team of the unofficial match on opening day in Perth. His speed -100 yards in 9.8 s- and a strong surging swerve suggested that he could be the sensation of the tour.
Cronje however never recovered from the "injury". After many treatments and medical assessments, during which no real injury could be identified, and after an unsuccessful attempt to get back on the field in Christchurch, he was sent home and replaced by Eben Olivier.
The second official game (the 102-0 win in Western Australia was not an official game) was against Victoria in Melbourne. The Springboks won the game with ease 52-0 against weak opposition. It was after this game that Brain Palmer, a Wallaby in the 1920's, noted that this Springbok team has the potential to be one of the best teams of all time as they have pace and deceitfulness. The ability of the forwards and backs to combine on attack, with good support play, by running themselves in position, to see space, to anticipate was the things that mostly impressed the critics. Bedford's speed and support play, Nomis's acceleration and speed of the mark, Barnard's nimble deceitfulness and decision making, Du Preez's power and overall game and Truter's willingness to be involved and to find work from the wing, were in general things that stood out.
One theme, can however be found like a golden thread in Terry McLean,s narrative (The bok busters) namely the Springboks lights and unstructured practice sessions and specifically their tendency to neglect scrummaging, rucks and lineout's during practice. The emphasis was on run and ran again with the ball. McLean's impressions are insightful:
Mostly running was done at practice. Everybody ran around, all the time, until, at the end, there was some scrimmaging which did not manage to look authoritative. Only twice in all this scampering, which lasted the best part of 90 minutes, did I see a man deliberately fall down with the ball to permit a ruck to form over him in the time-honored New Zealand way.
This negligence or absence of forward play during practice sessions, had a major impact on the results of the series against Australia and also cost South Africa the test series against New Zealand. The wheels came off the first time the Springboks came up against a team with a solid and thoroughly drilled forward pack. This happened four days after arrival; the deficiencies in the Springbok team of 65 were clearly highlighted when they played and lost 3-12 against New South Wales -which contained 14 players playing for the Wallabies at the time- in Sydney.
The inexperience of Springbok forwards and the lack of substantial scrum, lineout and rucking at practice were clearly demonstrated by their inability to cope with the aggressive and intimidating forward play of the Sydney team. There were no tough guy's (brekers of ysters) in the Springbok team who could sort the bullies in the opposing team. The worst was that management and senior players could not see the reason for the loss or identify the problem areas and rectify it. The problems were clear to see for every one with half an idea about rugby. Terry McLean sum it up in one paragraph:
So my catalogue of Springbok weaknesses would include line-out incompetence, want of zest in following the ball, certain slowness in pass by de Villiers, ominous air of careful consideration to Oxlee's play and, outside, the most ghastly number of mishandelings and dropped passes, with a special mark against Gainsford.
It was obvious within not more than 15 minutes that the Springboks were in for a licking. The statistics said that New South Wales won the lineouts by 36 to 25 and because they were statistics they probably right. But the immediate memory is that the Springboks scarcely ever won the ball.
Dawie de Villiers, according to McLean had "a certain slowness in pass". Here, de Villiers is caught with the ball in one of the tour matches in New Zealand.
The halves (no 9 and 10) as well as the playmakers at centre struggled in this match -being under constant pressure- as a result of the pack being on the back foot. McLean was of the opinion that none of the Springbok forwards weighed up to the class of the Sydney team and were totally overshadowed by the forwards in the New South Wales team. He was in particular appalled by the lack of zest; the poor defence; the neglect to follow-up and the general lethargy demonstrated by the Springboks. As previously mentioned 14 of the players in the New South Wales side also played for the Wallabies in the first test, the next Saturday.
Keith Oxlee. About Oxlee Terry McLean wrote: After being enormously impressed with Oxlee's class at Perth, I now saw, that the man had become an old hand who was not prepared to die for South Africa.
John Gainsford. About Gainsford McLean writes: Good-looking, charming, almost over confident, a glamour boy to the world's press. He has reached a stage of believing his own press cuttings.
Kobus Louw had been hoping that the team would all go to the airport to welcome Abie Malan arriving form South Africa. The idea was that it would strengthen team unity, forge the bonds of brotherhood and so on. McLean wrote:
But Sydney girls are among the world's most attractive, and I am afraid that some of the boys, way-laid themselves rather than answer the call of the Bugle.
Speaks volumes doesn't it? First, the manager "hoped" for something instead of the manager decided; here we have a team who had just lost their first tour match and there is no reflection, no remorse and no unhappiness; more important was the "Seedney gieels"
Test series against Australia
The 18 days (8 June, 1965 - 26 June, 1965) the Springboks spent in Australia read like a soap opera. There were so many petty and ridiculous off the field incidents, which were milked by the media for sensation, that it is actually ludicrous.
Terry McLean put it as follows: Never in the field of rugby conflict can there have been so much fuss over so little.
The Springboks were mostly the creators of these petty incidents, instead of focussing their attention on rugby and on their own game/practice sessions and preparation for the second test they kept themselves busy with all sorts of prima dona behaviour and then tried to justify their actions. Mostly childish acts resulting from the fact that neither the captain nor the two managers (Kobus Louw and Hennie Muller) were dynamic enough as leaders.
There was the hotel issue; the vicious article in the Transvaler on Australian referees; the Piet Botha/Hawthorne incident and the invitation to an Army lunch. All these incidents occurred after the first test when the Springboks attention should have been on analysis of the first test and on tactics for the second test. One also get the idea (perhaps not consciously done or deliberately planned) that the Springboks were "happy" with the interest given to the off-field incidents because it draw the attention away from their poor performance during the first test.
Australia 18 South Africa 11
Terry McLean is straight forward in his opinion that the referee, on the day, was pathetic. South Africa where punished to such an extent that some of the Springboks went into a "frenzied state of rage". Mr. Ferguson -the referee- awarded 10 penalties for the Wallabies and only two for the Springboks in the first half and 7 vs. 3 in the second half. Australia was awarded a total of 17 penalties -basically all their penalties- within kickable distance while the Springboks were granted only 1 penalty, during the whole match, within kickable range.
Abie Malan was warned that he will be sent off the field if he questions the referee again, on the reason for a penalty; this happened after the referee has already added 10 yards to the penalty. The Australians had a refined technique to play offside by creeping past the last man's feet when the ball reached the feet of the opposition's no 8-feet and where therefore able to put the Springbok playmakers under extreme and constant pressure. They were not penalized and McLean is unsure whether the referee was just incompetent in this regard or whether he purposely turned a blind eye on procedings. The Springboks legitimate though hard tackling were also repeatedly punished as dangerous play.
McLean writes:
The whingeing which went on among the South Africans on the field irritated Mr. Ferguson, so much that he made threats of execution against several players and confusedly named Naude for some incident. "If you order me from the field for this" Naude said, "I shall refuse to go." But this was nothing compared to the bitterly complaining which went on later among the Springboks at the Oceanic Hotel.
What a day. What a pity. For the plain unvarnished truth was that there was only one team in the match and it did not come from South Africa.
Apart from a breakaway movement, and try by Engelbrecht, the Springboks were pinned down -defending like daemons - in their own 25 for the whole of the first half. Vulnerable against chip kicks just behind the backline, as a result of wings and a fullback being tentative and slow to fall on the ball, the Australian 9 and 10 pestered the Springboks with tactical punts and kept them on the back foot, pinning them down in their own 25 yards area. After 15 minutes' play and two penalties in favour of Australia, the Aussie no 10, Hawthorne, broke blindside - from a scrum almost in front of the poles - and with a long pass sent Lenehan (no 15) away for a try in the corner.
Tommy Bedford were tackled by one of the Aussie wings and consequently obstructed/prevented to reach the try scorer. The Aussie player apologized to Bedford afterwards but the incident was not seen or ignored by the match officials (referee and lines men) and the try stood.
After 30 minutes in the first half Engelbrecht gathered a kick by Barnard - out of the Springboks 25 yard area- which bounced off one of the Aussie wings and ran 40 meters for the Springboks first try. Naude converted. The halftime score was 12-5 in Australia's favour.
In the 74th minute after several penalty attempts by the Australians Barnard made an crazy and impulsive attempt in own 25 yards area to beat a man. He was caught in possession and threw a desperate 50/50 pass which went to ground. Steward Boyce dribbled the ball down the touch line and with a dive got the try before the ball reached touch-in-goal.
Late in the second half the Springboks were on constant attack; they first got a penalty which Naude converted. From the kick off and with play time almost expired the ball bounced off Roux and a ruck developed from which Nellie Smit raced away to the blindside, passed a little too soon to Engelbrecht but the latter had sufficient speed to get in at the corner. Naude missed with the conversion. It was, however, too little too late and the boks lost the test with 7 points.
The Springbok team who played in the first test were:
Wilson, Engelbrecht, Gainsford, Roux, Brynard, Barnard, Smith (Captain), Bedford, du Preez, Naude, Botha, Schoeman, Parker, Malan, McDonald.
Note that Frik du Preez played on the flank in this test.
The Australian team for this match were:
Lenehan, Boyce, Marks, Ellwood, Boyce, Hawthorne, Catchpole, Shepherd, O'Gorman, Heming, Crittle, Davis, White, Johnson, Thornett (Captain).
From Sydney, the Springboks travelled to Brisbane for their next match against Queensland. It is here where the first of a series of off-the-field incidents began.
The Hotel issue in Brisbane.
Muller, Louw, de Villiers and Smith had a friendly and amicable meeting -on rules, referees, accommodation and hospitality- with the President of the Australian rugby union, Mr. Ramsden, Blunt, the treasurer, and Arthur Henry, president of New South Wales rugby union. The meeting took place in Sydney on the morning before Springboks left for Brisbane.
Relationships between the Boks and Australia rugby union representatives, however, severely acidified shortly after the Springboks' arrival in Brisbane. Terry McLean describes it as follows:
After one look at the Globe and the seven rooms meant to house 21 of the players, the Tour Committee had had a meeting. Complaints were many and vehemently made. Abe Malan, seconded by Muller, had, I was told urgently demanded that the team move from the globe to a superior hotel. The only possible alternative was Lennons, the biggest in the city and one of the most expensive in Australia.
Louw was on the telephone to Charles Blunt, Treasurer of the Australian union, for half an hour or more. The tension was palpable. Louw quietly but very firmly pressed the opinion of the Tour Committee that there must be a change. Vainly was it pleaded that Lions and All Blacks, not to mention the Wallabies, had stayed at the Globe and admitted it endured because of comforts. Louw rebutted this charge by pointing to the record returns from matches in Sydney, where the two matches had yielded gross rates of more than 24.000 pounds.
This incident did not go off very well in the New Zealand, Australian and South Africa media, particularly when it later also became known that the Springboks dined in the snack-bar and not in Lennons main dining hall at a cost of 1.400 pounds.
The incident was front page news and the Springboks move from the Globe to Lennons was followed paparazzi-style by the media and reports were spiced-up with the fact that the South African journalists, on tour, stayed in the Globe because they felt the accommodation and food were excellent.
The SA media and the SA Rugby Board also strongly criticized this behaviour, and one senior SA rugby board member was quoted as follows:
If, during the trials, I had gone to every player and said, 'Now look here, you can be a Springbok, you can tour Australia and New Zealand, but if you do you will sleep ten to a room, on the floor, with only one wardrobe among the lot of you. Or you can have your comfort and stay at home and not be a Springbok. What will it be? "The answer from everyone, from everyone, would have been, 'I want to be a Springbok'.
The incident gathered further negative publicity when it leaked that the Springboks in the person of Abe Malan threatened the ARU that there will be no second test unless the move from the Globe to Lennons was approved.
Abe Malan, who's made himself very unpopular in NZ and Australia when it leaked that he in so many words, threatened the ARU with a boycott of the second test if they did not respond favourably to the Springboks' request to move to another hotel.
The army incident
Relations between the Springboks and Australia rugby deteriorated even more when the commander of the Northern Command in Queensland invited 6 Springboks to lunch. After the invitation had been accepted, the affair evolved into a formal dinner with officers in full uniform and wives in new outfits at army headquarters. The arrangement was that the Springboks will be picked-up at a certain time in their hotel foyer. At the given time only one Springbok showed and he refused point-blank to go alone.
The formal military dinner proceeded without the Springboks and turned into a bitterness-venting-session. This incident was just another massive withdrawal from the emotional bank account of Australian rugby fans. The emotional tolerance point was exceeded to a point of saturation and Australians in general became increasingly negative towards the 1965 Springbok team.
Some of the bitterness of this, the Great Walkout, of the complaints about referees, of the complaints (so some felt) about everything, was in the voice of the leading Australian Rugby Union Official who said, a few hours before the Springboks flew to Auckland, "I hope you kiwi's beat the bloody daylights out of these coves."
South Africa 50; Queensland 5
Between the two tests, the Springboks played a game against Queensland (Reds in S14 terms). Queensland began the 1965 season with two solid performances against New South Wales and there was hope that their rugby was on an upward curve. The massive defeat against a Springboks side not firing on all silinders was consequently somewhat of a demoralising affair for Queensland rugby.
The Springboks displayed, for the first time on tour, some energy and intention at the breakdowns. Hopwood, Ellis and Lofty Nel lead the way with an attitude of the ball, the ball, the ball while Goosen at lock and Hannes Marais on prop contributed with energetic rucking over the ball at the contact points. The result was that Nellie Smit looked much sharper and that Keith Oxlee had an outstanding game on 10. Oxlee's decision making and tactical kicking was impressive and one kick to the corner was so precisely placed that Truter at wing were able to ran into it at full speed allowing him to beat the defence and to score an outstanding try behind the poles. Roux and Nomis did not combine well on centre and the referee awarded 22 against and 9 penalties for the Springboks.
Nevertheless, it was an impressive victory for the Springboks and they scored 10 tries in the following order: Truter (converted by Oxlee), Marais, Ellis (Oxlee), Mans, Truter (Oxlee), Nel, Nel (Oxlee), Truter (Oxlee), Marais (Oxlee) and Nel.
McLean however, made the following remark about the Springboks performance in this match:
There was one principal fault which probably developed from the flow of the game. The Springbok forwards were pretty loose to start with and totally loose at the finish. Not for the first time in Australia, I wondered whether they had a soft underbelly and wondered too, whether New Zealanders would be capable of sighting on this and, in a perfectly legal way, hitting it.
Springbok team:
Mulder, Mans, Nomis, Roux, Truter, Oxlee, Smith (Captain), Hopwood, Ellis, Goosen, Janson, Nel Marais, Malan, Van Zyl.
In week preceding the second test two stories in particular dominated in the newspapers namely the Piet Botha/Hawthorne incident apology, and the story of a vicious piece published in the Transvaler (in South Africa) regarding Hennie Mullers' view on Aussie referees.
The Piet Botha/Hawthorne incident apology
The New Zealand Herald and one of the Australian newspapers ran a story that the Springboks tour committee has apologized for the incident in the first test during which Piet Botha (the Springboks one lock forward) stepped on the face of Aussie no 10 (Hawthorne) and blooded him. Hawthorne left the field with blood streaming down his face. Botha apparently in frustration with the referee "lost his head" and the team publically announced that they were sorry and embarrassed about the incident.
On confirmation inquiries -that there actually was an apology- both Louw and Muller denied that such an official apology was issued. Later it became apparent that there was indeed some sort of an apology but that Louw and Muller was not informed about it. Does not sounds healthy, does not sound if the left and right hand knew what the other one was doing, sound like there were too many "chiefs" in the group and leave one with the impression that the morning and evening stories -of the team committee and team managers- were not consistent; sound like there was some anxious verbal gymnastics in the Springbok camp, like a cat on a hot sink roof.
Piet Botha Springbok lock who were in the midst of a media hubbub over a stepping incident on the face of Aussie no 10, Hawthorne. About Botha Terry McLean wrote: Botha was more or less the No. 1 lock in Australia and he might have remained this if it had not been for the injury which dislocated his shoulder in the first training run in New Zealand. He had exceptional speed for such a large man, a good deal of "bite" and, of course he made his opponents look like pygmies. Botha and the famous Maori forward, Albert Pryor, formed a close friendship. Pryor a man of sardonic wit, used to gaze speculatively at Botha's huge frame. "In the good old days," Albert used to say, "us Maoris used to take great pleasure in eating big black bastards like you."
Ken Catchpole brilliant Australian scrumhalf gets his line moving with Lofty Nel and Doug Hopwood in the background. Catchpole played agianst the springboks in 1963 and 1965 and must be ranked as one of the best scarumhalves of all time, according to Chris Greyvenstein. His nursing made the 19-year-old Phil Hawthorne a top-class flyhalf overnight and they were instrumental in springboks series loss during 1965 series.
The report in the Transvaler
A vicious report appeared in the Transvaler indicating that Hennie Muller was of the opinion that with the aid of referees, Rugby is being turned into a weapon of hate against South Africa.
Muller's answer was that the report was absolute madness; John du Toit -the Transvalers media man on tour- was in the firing line but denied vehemently that he had written anything of that nature. He had carbon copies of his original articles delivered to the team as prove of his innocence.
Second Test, June 26, 1965, Australia 12 - South Africa 8
It was one of those frustrating matches which leave you afterwards with the feeling that Australia did not win the match but that South Africa lost it because of simple mistakes and poor decision making.
Everybody, or almost everybody, said afterwards that the Springboks were the better team and should have won. The Springboks robbed themselves. They conceded 16 penalties, eight of which were from goal kicking positions and from which the Australians scored all of their points.
McLean continues to describe how the Springboks three quarters made three brilliant line breaks -scoring two glorious tries as a result of it- within the first 13 minutes just for the Springboks then too to stop running with the ball and neglect their back line completely for the rest of the match. Furthermore, the Springboks butchered five certain try scoring opportunities with individualistic play and faulty decision-making; from two separate five meters scrums first Bedford and later Truter decided to plunge to the line on their own steam neglecting to move the ball wide to players in the open.
Roux -close to the Wallaby goal line- with two players in the open next to him popped up a little punt, over the heads of the opposition, that got caught by the defenders; Nel was held up over the goal line without a apparent decent attempt to get the ball on the ground. Truter was offered a fair pass with an open run to the goal line just to fumble it and drop it to the ground.
The game in general flowed much better than the first test, and Gainsford scored the Springboks first try after a superb line break and a 80 meters run to the goal line. This brought the referee right back into the match and with extraordinary pernicketiness he started to methodically blow the South Africans out of the match; Barnard was first punished because he was closer than 10 meters from the line-out, as if distance could be precisely and accurately judged with the eye; Bedford standing at the back of the line-out gave half a step to the outside, to see past the tall timber in front of him what is happening up front, and got penalised for leaving and for re-entering the line-out; at one stage there were 9 consecutive penalties against the Springboks.
For the Springboks Gainsford and Truter scored with one being converted by Naude. Australia's points came from two penalties by Lenehan (no 15) and two by Elwood (no 13).
The Springbok team for the test were:
Wilson, Truter, Roux, Gainsford, Engelbrecht, Barnard, Smith (Captain), Bedford, du Preez, Naude, Botha, Nel, Parker, Malan, Marais.
Australian team for this match were:
Lenehan, Boyce, Marks, Ellwood, Boyce, Hawthorne, Catchpole, Shepherd, O'Gorman, Heming, Crittle, Guerassimoff, White, Johnson, Thornett (Captain).
Nellie Smith the Springbok captain for two tests against Australia, Dawie de Villiers was injured. About Nellie Smith Terry McLean wrote: Micha Cornelius Smith was a grave slow-spoken man of irreproachable behaviour and impeccable sportsmanship. Unfortunately, he had a slow pass and it was only in the wet, notably against North Auckland, that his other qualities - natural strength, good hands and sound concentration - became more prominent.
1969 Aussie battlers in South Africa
Australia v South Africa Rugby World Cup 1995
1996 All Blacks Tour Of South Africa - Documentary
101 doellyn verhale


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package poi.xslf.usermodel;

import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.PackagePart;
import org.apache.poi.xslf.usermodel.*;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Demonstrates how you can extract data from a .pptx file
 *
 * @author Yegor Kozlov
 */
public final class DataExtraction {

    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {

        if (args.length == 0) {
           System.out.println("Input file is required");
           return;
        }

        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
        XMLSlideShow ppt = new XMLSlideShow(is);
        is.close();

        // Get the document's embedded files.
        List<PackagePart> embeds = ppt.getAllEmbedds();
        for (PackagePart p : embeds) {
            String type = p.getContentType();
            String name = p.getPartName().getName();  //typically file name

            InputStream pIs = p.getInputStream();
            // make sense of the part data
            pIs.close();

        }

        // Get the document's embedded files.
        List<XSLFPictureData> images = ppt.getAllPictures();
        for (XSLFPictureData data : images) {
            PackagePart p = data.getPackagePart();

            String type = p.getContentType();
            String name = data.getFileName();

            InputStream pIs = p.getInputStream();
            // make sense of the image data
            pIs.close();

        }

        Dimension pageSize = ppt.getPageSize();  // size of the canvas in points
        for(XSLFSlide slide : ppt.getSlides()) {
            for(XSLFShape shape : slide){
                Rectangle2D anchor = shape.getAnchor();  // position on the canvas
                if(shape instanceof XSLFTextShape) {
                    XSLFTextShape txShape = (XSLFTextShape)shape;
                    System.out.println(txShape.getText());
                } else if (shape instanceof XSLFPictureShape){
                    XSLFPictureShape pShape = (XSLFPictureShape)shape;
                    XSLFPictureData pData = pShape.getPictureData();
                    System.out.println(pData.getFileName());
                } else {
                    System.out.println("Process me: " + shape.getClass());
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Office Trailers vs. Ground Level Office Containers: What's the Difference?
Workspace |
If your business is conducted at temporary jobsites that are humming with machinery – like a construction site or an oil rig – you'll need a quiet place for employees to step indoors to manage paperwork and emails. As you search for a mobile solution, you will likely come across two options: office trailers and ground level offices (also known as a GLOs). Choosing between these two solutions should be made by first understanding: "What are the differences between these mobile office options and how will they impact my business operations?"
Office Trailers vs. Ground Level Offices
Are Office Trailers Considered Ground Level?
Despite the fact that office trailers aren't far from the ground, they are not considered ground level. Instead, they sit on a chassis – a frame with wheels and a towing hitch – which stands a few feet off the ground. Ground level offices, on the other hand, sit directly on the ground as stated.
How Are Office Trailers and Ground Level Offices Constructed?
Both office trailers and ground level offices are constructed offsite in a manufacturing facility. Office trailers tend to use steel and aluminum for framing, along with a combination of fiberglass, vinyl, aluminum, plywood, and other materials for the walls. Although, you should keep in mind that there's a fair amount of variability depending on the manufacturer and model.
Similarly, ground level offices also come in a variety of designs, but shipping container structures have become the gold standard for many organizations. This is due in part to a container's inherent mobility and durability.
Manufacturers of repurposed shipping containers modify the boxes into modular offices with all the amenities including doors, windows, electricity, plumbing, and more. As ground level offices, container structures tend to have the steel framing and corrugated steel walls of the original conex container. Manufacturers will often finish out the office interior with plywood.
How Do I Transport My Office Trailer or Ground Level Office?
Office trailers are permanently mounted on a chassis – a frame with wheels – and are therefore towable by truck. Ground level offices need to be placed onsite by a crane, specialty forklift, or tilt bed truck.
It's possible to place a ground level office on a chassis. However, once the office is up on wheels, it's no longer a ground level office, but rather a container-based office trailer. Most businesses choose to keep their container-based offices at ground level because the maintenance associated with the tires and chassis frame adds cost and inconvenience.
What Site Prep Will My Office Trailer and Ground Level Office Need?
Office trailers and ground level offices both require flat, dry and level surfaces. Because an office trailer is on a chassis, you will need to spend some time blocking and leveling the frame. You may choose to cover the blocking and wheels with skirting to make the office look less like a trailer. Office trailers must also have OSHA compliant stairs from the ground to the doorway.
Ground level offices, true to their name, sit directly on the ground, no stairs needed. Depending on the site conditions, businesses often place their container-based offices without preparing a foundation.
Business Benefits to Ground Level Offices
Since ground level offices are comparable in price and offer the same plug and play convenience of office trailers, we'd argue that any business that uses office trailers should consider shipping container-based ground level offices. That being said, ground level offices are particularly advantageous for certain businesses including:
Businesses That Travel Over Rough, Unpaved Roads
The lifespan of an office trailer is directly related to how often it will be relocated and the quality of the roads it travels. For instance, if an office trailer is moved from the factory to a school campus and never moved again, the trailer might enjoy a long 20+ year lifespan. However, if a mining company frequently tows an office trailer over unpaved roads, significant and costly maintenance issues will crop up over time.
Businesses That Need Extra Security
We won't say it's impossible to burglarize a shipping container-based office, but the steel walls and barred windows make breaking in extremely difficult. Construction companies were among the first to use shipping container-based storage and offices because the added security prevented theft at the jobsite.
Your Options for Ground Level Offices
We know; they all look similar on the outside—rectangular, corrugated steel, a personnel door or two—but at Falcon, we've created seven unique models of shipping container-based ground level offices. In our experience, businesses use container offices for three purposes: private office space, open conferencing space, and storage. If you'd like to inquire about a shipping container office, give us a call at 877-704-0177 or email us at Sales@FalconStructures.com. We will be happy to talk more about your company's needs.
← Thoughts on Manufacturing Leadership in Difficult Times
Frequently Asked Questions for Shipping Container Site Set-Up →
Shipping Container Farms — Turning Pavement Into Produce
Safely Administer Vaccinations with a Mobile Immunization Clinic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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Peter LaBarbera, President
Welcome to Americans for Truth, a national organization devoted exclusively to exposing and countering the homosexual activist agenda.
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The Agenda: GLBTQ & Activist Groups Health & Science "Civil Unions" & "Gay Marriage" Homosexual Parenting GLBTQ Targeting Youth and Schools Corporate Promotion Media Promotion Government Promotion Freedom Under Fire Homosexual Hate Public Sex in Your Neighborhood? Homosexual Quotes The Bible, Churches, & Homosexuality
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Lesbian Janet Jenkins Begins Media Campaign to Gain Custody of Ex-Partner Lisa Miller's Child »
Researcher: Half of Gay Couples Choose to be 'Non-Monogamous'
"Most of the studies of gay men [couples] report about 50% are monogamous—they have been Bay Area studies and studies that were done all over the US and Australia and Western Europe." —San Francisco State University researcher Colleen Hoff in e-mail to lesbian couples therapist Michele O'Mara of Bilerico.com. See the comments following O'Mara's Bilerico column.
Lesbian couples therapist Michele O'Mara
Dear Readers, note the distinct nonjudgmentalism of lesbian writer Michele O'Mara regarding the not-so-shocking report (if you are familiar with "gay" male promiscuity) that half of homosexual male "couples" choose to be "non-monogamous." That is, they agree to or allow their male partner to have "outside sex" with other men.
O'Mara asks, "I also wonder, does the open option work better for men than for women? Is this really an issue that is rooted in sexual orientation, or one rooted in gender?" Let me answer: the "open option" is rooted in the anything-goes mores of the Sexual Revolution, which served as a catalyst for the modern "GLBT" movement. Homosexual behavior is immoral and perverse: why would anyone expect monogamy — of the sort that imitates a faithful marriage — from a promiscuous sin movement? And men are simply more promiscuous than women. (Note that the fact that O'Mara professes to practice monogamy with her lesbian partner confers no legitimacy on her sinful relationship, nor does it negate the damage that her intentionally fatherless parenting will do to the boys they are raising.)
The implications for the "same-sex marriage" (SSM) debate are obvious: we hear a lot about homosexual men being domesticated by homosexual "marriage" — supposedly a noble public policy goal. A more compelling question is: how will legalized SSM and/or "civil unions" help bleed rampant homosexual non-monogamy into the straight married world? (This is not to say that modern-day "heterosexuality" needs help from the Homosexual Lobby to sink into ever deeper levels of corruption: witness the creation of mainly heterosexual websites devoted exclusively to helping married men and women hook up with adulterous sex partners.)
AFTAH has already reported on how "gay" sex columnist Dan ("Three-Way") Savage [his blog is HERE]– whom O'Mara cites below — espouses "non-monogamy" for straight couples, but I doubt that the vast majority of everyday Americans would agree with Savage on the practical benefit of what is essentially organized cheating. Neither would they be comfortable with O'Mara's studied neutrality on the issue. After all, isn't faithfulness between husband and wife at the core of real marriage? — Peter LaBarbera, www.americansfortruth.org
O'Mara writes in the homosexual website Bilerico.com (emphasis hers):
Monogamy: Gender vs. Sexual Orientation
Filed by: Michele O'Mara
After studying 566 gay male couples over a three year period, Colleen Hoff of San Francisco State University discovered that roughly fifty percent of gay male couples choose to be non-monogamous. Blake Spears and Lanz Lowen are a great example of how this works. Spears and Lowen started dating in their mid-twenties with the agreement that they will keep their relationship open. Thirty-four years later the couple is still going strong. In fact, this duo credits their relationship success in part to their decision to keep their relationship open.
Lowen and Spears have taken their interest in non-monogomy a step further by studying 86 non-monogamous, long-term (8+ years) gay male couples. Their research reveals that forty percent of the 86 couples started out with agreements to be open and have maintained this status, while the remaining sixty percent of the couples took an average of 6.5 years to open their relationship. The average length of relationship for the 86 couples in this study is 16.2 years.
While I'm not interested in promoting or discouraging open relationships, I do find it fascinating to consider what makes this arrangement work for so many gay men. Of the 86 couples in the Spears/Lowen research, only one couple is raising young children. This does not surprise me. Raising children is a time and energy consuming experience that will unlikely leave much room for extra play. In an email exchange with Hoff, she explained to me that while they did collect data on parenthood for the couples in their study, they did not separate that data out to examine the relationship between monogamy and parenthood.
I also wonder, does the open option work better for men than for women? Is this really an issue that is rooted in sexual orientation, or one rooted in gender? Traditionally men are thought to be better at separating sex from emotion, which is helpful in an open arrangement. As Spears and Lowen point out on their website:
We found many couples had a somewhat compartmentalized perspective and approach to outside sex. "It's just sex" – a release without meaning, quite separate from the relationship.
The statistics on fidelity among men and women suggests that monogamy is a struggle for heterosexuals too. According to Peggy Vaughan, author of The Monogamy Myth, "Conservative estimates are that 60 percent of men and 40 percent of women will have an extramarital affair." That's a whole lot of cheating. To clarify, infidelity is deceptive non-monogamy, but an open relationship is non-monogamy that occurs with the consent and knowledge of both partners.
Dan Savage, chimed in on the topic recently during a guest appearance on The Joy Behar show, saying:
I believe men can be monogamous. But I believe that it's a difficult struggle. You know, when you're in love with someone and you make a monogamous commitment, it's not that you don't want to sleep with other people; it's that you refrain from sleeping with other people.
The culture says if there is love there is no desire for others and that makes people–essentially puts them at war with their own instincts and leads to lies and deceit because you're lying and deceiving yourself.
In my own practice, having worked with more than 1,000 lesbians over the last decade, I would be very surprised to discover that lesbians choose non-monogomy at a rate of fifty-percent. While my sample of gay male couples is much smaller, it is large enough to support the notion that fifty percent of gay male couples open their relationship to outside "play" or sexual activity.
Some advocates of gay marriage are discouraged by findings such as Hoff's and Lowen/Spears's. I anticipate that norm-seeking gays and lesbians will post about this topic adamantly defending the fifty percent of us who choose monogamy. The inference is that monogamy is better. Seems to me that most people have their hands full just trying to figure out their own relationships. Maybe if we all focused a little more on how to make our own relationships work, and less about how others are going about it, we would all end up with more meaningful and satisfying relationships.
As a partnered lesbian, in a long-term (10+), monogamous relationship I enjoy the simplicity, comfort, and predictability of our relationship. As co-parents, it is also important to us to prioritize time with our sons and time as a family. By the time I've gone to work, tended to our homestead, done homework with my sons, spent time with them, prepared dinner, taken a family walk, caught up with my partner and how her day has gone, read to and tucked the boys into bed, I can't imagine fitting in to my life an outside liaison or two. This is what works for us. That doesn't mean it will work for or be fulfilling for everyone. That doesn't mean that our way is the best way. Our way is simply the best way we've discovered for us.
What works best for you? At the end of the day that's all that matters.
This article was posted on Friday, February 5th, 2010 at 2:30 pm and is filed under "Civil Unions" & "Gay Marriage", "Civil Unions" & "Gay Marriage", A - What does the Bible say about homosexuality?, Biblical Truth, Lesbianism, News, Polyamory-Polygamy-NonMonogamy, Post-modernism/relativism, Promiscuity, The Bible, Churches, & Homosexuality. You can follow any updates to this article through the RSS 2.0 feed.
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hi my name is zash just joined so bare with me. I am looking to mme someone like minded fro for friendship at first leading to a possible relationship if things go well. If your interested message me zash underscore ayan at the y company in the uk.
I am funny,loving,caring,innovative idiot who loves and likes things and people with heart and will happy always and make other happy.
interesed in meeting young eastern females for long term relationship. im tall and good looking and want to make someone happy.
I'm a nice guy trying to find a nice girl.
I currently working in the post office, very close to my family currently living in an extended family in coventry. I studied at De Montfort Univesity and graduated in Business. i currently are studying my Cima in accountancy.
i'm an easy-goin bloke who looks like "Ross" 4r !!
currently on work visa, looking for life partner.
My name is ajay. I am working now in uk.
I am a simple guy, very straightforward, very very composed and have a very very very funny bone (as you would soon discover!!).


"This tracker supports multiple hash scrapes per request"
How to make it go again?
note: Already tried enabling public network as described in other posts, as well as nearly every other setting imaginable. Nat tests clear both in and outbound.
Ah, sorry, didnt see your last line!
Right click on the torrent, select Advanced->Networks and ensure public is enabled.
Stop and start the torrent.
I also had a problem today with none of the torrents working and it was also affecting my Star Wars The Old Republic client from patching, yet my web brower and sites like netflix worked fine.
The fix, I think, turned out to be uninstalling File Type Advisor which had found it's way onto my computer via a free program to convert my book from a .doc file to a Kindle friendly format. So maybe check your installed programs and see if there's been something installed lately that might be interfering.
And we've reached the end of my technical knowledge. I'm just so happy and relieved the digital river is flowing again. Good luck to anyone else still having connection problems.
Current time: 01-30-2019, 02:28 PM Powered By MyBB, © 2002-2019 MyBB Group.


Intended Epigenetic Drug Has Opposite Effect for Lung Cancer | What is Epigenetics?
Cancer is a complex disease influenced by numerous factors including genetic make-up, lifestyle, and the environment. Over the years, the growing field of epigenetics has greatly contributed to our understanding of cancer and tumor progression. It has also led to the development of novel drug therapies. Yet, despite the fact that epigenetic regulators have become attractive anticancer targets, many scientists believe that extra caution should be taken when assessing their overall effects.
In a new study, one potential epigenetic therapy in particular that originally showed promise as a cancer treatment ended up exhibiting an opposite effect for lung cancer. Instead of diminishing cancer stem cells, the treatment actually increased the prevalence of tumors in mice. However, during the study, the scientists also discovered a way to reduce these stem cells, thereby reducing lung cancer. Their findings were published in Nature Communications.
Cancer stem cells have only been found in some blood cancers and different solid tumors. They are notoriously difficult to detect due to their fractional amount in tumors, yet regarded as a root cause of cancer origin as well as recurrence. It is hoped that therapies targeted at these stem cells might help improve patient survival rate and quality of life.
Scientists at the Stem Cell Research program at Boston Children's Hospital have previously demonstrated the importance of cancer stem cells in adenocarcinoma, the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer. They have shown how simply transplanting cancer stem cells from a diseased to a healthy subject can quickly lead to the development of lung cancer.
The focus here, though, was on an epigenetic therapy that inhibits the enzyme G9a – a histone methyltransferase previously considered a cancer promoter. Prior research had shown that inhibiting this enzyme could be effective for treating certain cancers like adenocarcinoma. Colleagues Samuel Rowbotham, PhD, and Carla Kim, PhD, who work on the study questioned this premise.
The team's observation of the adenocarcinoma cell lines indicated that the G9a-treated cells behaved more like cancer stem cells. When the stem cells were then transplanted into live mice and the G9a gene knocked down, the cancerous tumors actually grew bigger and spread out across the lung much farther.
Fortunately, the team was able to determine that histone demethylases are better enzymes to target. This is because their actions are chemically opposite that of G9a. Instead of adding a methyl group to a histone, they remove one. When Dr. Rowbotham gave a demethylase inhibitor to mice already inflicted with lung tumors, the cancer progression slowed and the mice survived longer than the untreated mice.
Cancer stem cells have yet to be found in human adenocarcinoma, although the findings from this mouse study could help identify clinically important targets that this cancer is sensitive to. The scientists foresee adenocarcinoma being tackled in two phases: first targeting the tumor cells to shrink them, then separately treating the cancer stem cells to ensure no further growth.
While more studies are needed to determine the potential therapeutic effects of demethylase inhibitors, the authors noted that because these enzymes have very broad effects, it will be important to also examine how they affect other genes downstream.
Source: Rowbotham, S. P. et. al. (2018) H3K9 methyltransferases and demethylases control lung tumor-propagating cells and lung cancer progression. Int J Cancer.
Reference: Boston Children's Hospital. "Proposed cancer treatment may boost lung cancer stem cells, study warns" November 2018.


Schoolhouse Ronk: White Cheese Bread Dip!
Heat all ingredients in microwave, stirring occasionally until melted. Remove from microwave and whisk to thicken it up a bit. Then you are ready to serve! Feel free to cut this recipe in half. It makes a ton!
If there are any leftovers, I think tomorrow night for dinner I am going to make some pasta and then pour this white dip over it and then pour some marinara sauce over that and then bake it!
YUMMM, I think I'm going to try this one out for Valentine's Day!


Title Percy Grainger's gift to the land of his birth : the Grainger Museum : a strange heterogeneous treasure-hoard-house / curated by Elinor Wrobel.
Published Melbourne : Grainger Museum, University of Melbourne, 1995.
Physical description 88 p. ; 30 cm.
Notes An exhibition to celebrate the University of Melbourne Faculty of Music centennial 1995.
Subject Grainger, Percy, 1882-1961 -- Bibliography -- Catalogs.
Music -- Bibliography -- Catalogs.
Composers -- England -- Correspondence -- Catalogs.


For more than 40 years Alex Tavares has had a fine arts career teaching in India, Kenya and Canada; organizing art festivals and mentoring students. His work has participated in numerous solo and group international exhibitions since1957. He is currently retired from teaching in Toronto and has relocated to Mount Albert where he continues his sculpture work. Tavares was elected into the Sculptors Society of Canada in 2004.


Return to the golden age of turn-based RPG gaming in this instant classic, exclusively for Windows. Set in a massive 2D pixel art fantasy world, you'll create your custom party from 11 unique classes, explore the darkest dungeons, battle unforgiving bosses and discover legendary treasures all while enjoying an epic storyline! Optional online play allows you to enjoy your adventure with other players any time! While online you'll be able to chat, join a guild, play mini-games like capture the flag, and engage in one of the many forms of online battle such as PvP, raids, team battles, and guild wars. If you liked Dragon's Blade, you'll love Dragon's Blade II. Features: - Enjoy beautiful and vibrant 2D character pixel art. - Create a custom party from 11 unique classes. Looking for a greater challenge? You can even change the number of characters in your party and swap out different classes any time. - Jump online any time and experience the feel of a turn-based MMO. Battle other players in PvP or join forces against powerful foes in raid mode! Need a break from battle? Play a mini-game with other players in the village game hall. - Backup your progress or transfer it to a new phone using the cloud save feature. - Choose from a variety of custom battle styles by combining your choice of horizontal or vertical layouts and small or large characters. - Enjoy over 70 hours of storyline gameplay and endless online play. Dragon's Blade II is also compatible with low memory Windows Phones, such as the Lumia 610. Works with Windows Phone 7, Windows Phone 8, and Windows 10 Mobile.
Explore dark dungeons and discover power treasure!
Classic turn-based RPG gameplay set in a colorful 2D pixel art world.
A massive fantasy world awaits!
v3.3 Bug fixes and GDPR updates.
Great gameplay. Would be better if you could create items more than one at a time.
I can't stop playing this game. Keep them coming.
If you are a fan of RPG's from around the super Nintendo era. Then this is the game for you.
Great game with enhancements. I am starting new adventures to use the virtual keys.
Review title of UnknownGood Game. Back in the day style.
Like the game. Wish it didn't come with ads.
Fantastic game. Has the feel of Ultima-type and Kingdom of Ys games but with more engaging graphics. The storyline is interesting and the variety of monsters makes the gam e interesting and challenging.
This game takes you back to the classic rpgs. I have played this game for hours and can't stop. This game truly is worth your time and I recommend you to download it if you enjoy classic rpg games.
I like that it isn't over quickly.
Not sure why I'm addicted to this game. I mean it has old graphics, grinding, no voice acting. I love it!


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About 500 Accessed Drive With Nude Photos of Marines: Neller
U.S. Marines assigned to the Female Engagement Team (FET), 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit, conduct a breach training exercise at Fort Pickett, Va., Feb. 21, 2016. (U.S. Marine Corps/Lance Cpl. Koby I. Saunders)
Military.com | By Hope Hodge Seck
Officials with Naval Criminal Investigative Service have determined that about 500 members of the Marines United Facebook group followed a link to a drive containing nude and compromising photos of female Marines and other women, the commandant of the Marine Corps said Tuesday.
Speaking before the Senate Armed Services Committee in a hearing that was partially closed to receive classified testimony, Gen. Robert Neller said that while the number of individuals apparently involved in this illicit photo-sharing is a subset of the 30,000-member group, the actions stem from a troubling mindset of some in the Corps.
"This issue of denigration of women, objectification of women, misogyny, just bad behavior is tied to the way some group of male Marines look at women in the Marine Corps," Neller said. "And I think we can fix that by holding those accountable."
The hearing, scheduled after news broke last week about photo-sharing, harassment of women and, in one case, the stalking of a female Marine by members of Marines United, was at times angry and emotional as lawmakers expressed their outrage. Several brought up similar reports from 2013 of Facebook pages populated with active-duty Marines and veterans who would harass and target female service members, and post their photos so others could make sexual comments.
"When you say to us, it's got to be different, that rings hollow," said Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, a Democrat from New York. "Have you actually investigated and found anybody guilty? If we can't crack Facebook, how are we supposed to be able to confront Russian aggression? It is a serious problem when we have members of our military denigrating female Marines who will give their life for this country."
Despite then-commandant Gen. Jim Amos' receipt of a 2013 letter from Rep. Jackie Speier, a Democrat from California, complaining about the Facebook pages, Neller said he believed commanders then were ignorant of what was taking place online.
"Part of this is, I think victims were afraid to come forward, because if they came forward, they were going to be attacked tenfold on social media again," he said. "I think for those, that don't participate in this domain, I think we were ignorant. I'm trainable, and I accept responsibility for that."
Officials are still trying to determine how many women were victimized by the Marines United page and others like it. Acting Navy Secretary Sean Stackley told the committee that a dedicated tipline set up by NCIS had to date received 53 calls, from self-identified victims as well as those offering information to locate the pages and prosecute offenders.
The Marine Corps is now working with hosts such as Facebook and Google to shut down the pages in question and take damaging material offline, Neller said. How to prosecute offenders, both active-duty troops and veterans, may be a knottier problem.
Marine Corps officials have said active-duty perpetrators may be subject to Uniform Code of Military Justice articles 92, disobedience of an order, article 120c, broadcast or dissemination of photographs without consent, and 134, general violation. Under these orders, troops may be subject to non-judicial punishment or court-martial for Facebook activities. But it's possible these articles may not be enough, officials suggested.
Asked by Sen. Richard Blumenthal, a Democrat from Connecticut, if he wanted a new law on the books governing cyber-bullying, Neller said a Marine task force assembled this month would consider that.
"That's something we're going to get into with this task force, if there are provisions within UCMJ that may need to be more specific about this particular type of potential offense," he said.
For veterans, Neller and Stackley said, prosecution gets even more challenging, as laws governing online harassment and "revenge porn" vary from state to state.
Sen. Thom Tillis, a Republican from North Carolina, suggested creating a policy that could take away the benefits of veterans found to have engaged in internet harassment, nude photo-sharing and other activities.
"I want to look at other things we need to do to make this a very painful exercise for somebody found guilty of doing this as a member of the veterans community," he said.
As NCIS investigates and the task force determines a way forward, Neller said he is planning to focus on communicating with Marines that treating women in the service as unequal was unacceptable. He will travel to Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, Wednesday to meet with Marines and learn more about the mindset behind Marines United, he said.
"I think we addressed the action of individuals which is sexual assault or bullying," he said. "But I think the bigger issue within the culture is we haven't addressed the fact that all Marines are Marines."
-- Hope Hodge Seck can be reached at hope.seck@military.com. Follow her on Twitter at @HopeSeck.
Marine Corps Topics Women in the Military Military Scandals Military Legal


The Form 48 reads in part: "Take notice that unless you obey the directions contained in the order of the Federal High Court number three, Abuja, made on the 10th of October 2018 ordering parties to maintain status quo, with regard to the sale of Etisalat Nigeria Limited (rebranded 9mobile), you will be guilty of contempt of court and will be liable to be committed to prison."
Part of the notice reads: "The intending plaintiffs, who are shareholders in Etisalat Nigeria Ltd, having purchased a total number of 1, 300,391 at $13,003,910 only and 3,300,004 Class A shares at $30,030,040) intend to sue for the recovery of their investment, dividends on their shares, and damages for breach of contract.
"Please kindly recall that, by the custodian agreement, all the shares certificates of the plaintiffs, were kept under your custody. However, you have failed to exercise your role in good faith leading to the sale of Etisalat Nigeria Limited to Teleology Nigeria Ltd, at the detriment of our clients."
-The intending plaintiffs have suffered the liability of the complete loss of their investment in the shares of Karington Telecommunication Ltd and indirect economic interest in the shares of EMTS which are to be sold to recover the unpaid syndicated loan from the 13 banks, of which First Bank is a part."


text:
Vision Consultation
April 3, 2019 | donningtonwood
Thank you for all your comments on our Vision.
We are now consulting with the children, however, you still have chance to let us know what you think. Please come in and speak to Mr Fox or Mrs Bailey.
Our School Vision
Our school is a community where everyone is valued as a child of God and welcomed into a caring, friendly and safe Church of England school family. Through the inspiration of the life and teachings of Jesus we will be guided in all that we are and do so that all of us can flourish and aspire to reach our full God-given potential. Our core values
"The ones who plant and the ones who water work together as a team with the same purpose."
We believe that with God's help when we all work as a TEAM – Together Everyone Achieves More.
Our Mission (INTENT)
At Donnington Wood CE Junior School we will
put the safety of everyone as a priority so we can work in trust and peace.
encourage everyone to understand the true meaning of friendship, fellowship and community by acting with humility, compassion and in service to each other.
be inclusive so everyone is valued and respected and where tolerance and diversity are celebrated.
seek out every opportunity to ensure that all of us flourish in all that we do, developing wisdom and creativity, through an ambitious and broad curriculum that challenges expectations, deepens knowledge and develops skills.
empower pupils and adults to develop hope and perseverance, so that they are able to engage/explore the challenges of school and the wider world.
nurture the spiritual development of our school fellowship, develop tolerance of other faiths, beliefs and cultures and build religious literacy through collective worship of God and teaching of RE
champion our values to equip our children ready for their future as respectful individuals, life-long learners and active citizens in society (justice).
This Vision and Mission will be evident in all we do, from the way we work together to the attitudes to life you will see us show.
< Bedazzle
Parent Evening Spring 2019 – Filled in Final >


Cracked Up is a small endless runner game with some elements taken from rhythm games made in 48 hours by a team of seven people (consisting of 4 coders, 2 audio engineers and an artist) using C# and the Unity game engine as part of the 2016 Global Game Jam (where the theme was "Ritual").
Taking inspiration from childhood "rituals" and superstitions, the player takes control of a young boy trying to run away from a demonic dog that has suddenly appeared out of a portal from hell whilst attempting to avoid stepping on the cracks between the pavement slabs. Every time their feet lands on a pavement slab, the player scores some points. When the player continually steps on a group of slabs consecutively without missing then their combo multiplier increases, giving them even more points. However, stepping on a crack would cause the player to lose their current combo streak as well as make the game more harder to play (as a reference to the supposed bad luck that occurs when you step on a crack in real life). The game also features a dynamic soundtrack where the player's feet moves in time with the music and gradually changes from a twee based track to a dance based track when the player achieves a high enough combo multiplier (then back to twee as soon as their current combo streak is broken).
I served as one of the gameplay programmers in the team where I was responsible for coding some of the underlying game logic. Some of the features I helped to create in the game include the level scrolling, making sure the player's feet stick to the pavement area as well as the threshold checks to see how many cracks the player has stepped on (increasing the game's difficulty if they went over a certain amount).
Below is some footage I shot of the game in action during the end of jam presentation as demoed by team leader Dave and fellow team member Sujan.


Hi, I am Angie. Thanks for checking out my gallery. I was born in Manly Sydney and was raised on the sunny Gold Coast. Art has always been a part of my life for as long as I can remember. I was first introduced to oil painting by my Grandfather, who was an extremely talented landscape artist. From the age of 7 he let me paint alongside him, even taking me on field trips to Numinbah valley to paint onsite.The artistic genes don't stop there, however. My Nana, mother and sister all paint and create too.I have worked in numerous creative fields such as photography, photo editing, ceramics, and makeup artistry to name a few. I always feel most content with a paintbrush in my hand, even if it's just to paint a fence. I love the feel of holding a paintbrush and the paint gliding over a surface. It takes me to a place of comfort and happiness.I take a messy, unplanned and free flowing approach to my art. Even when starting with a subject or idea in mind, I freely deviate from the plan. I love the unexpected surprises and naturalness that comes from a relaxed approach. Beauty, shape, design and colour in nature are what inspires my work. I hope it brings you as much contentment and joy as it brings me.


The x-rays taken yesterday at the surgeon's office showed a profound problem in Kathryn's femur and hip. An MRI is being scheduled, and will show the extent of the problem. The surgeon Kathryn saw told her that she will not be able to put any weight on her right leg any more; that her bone might collapse. Her left leg had visible signs of avascular necrosis but not to the same extent as her right side. The doctor told her that hip replacement surgery might help her to use her legs again. It was a lot to take in.
The physician told me that now is the time to make our home handicap accessible, and to plan on getting Kathryn a hospital bed and bedside commode. We are so thankful to be able to provide what is needed, and Kathryn has asked that we make her a new room where we currently have our library. She asked us to keep the first floor guest room for company, because she didn't want us to stop having overnight guests.
Paul has been looking into home elevators, thinking that Kathryn should have access to the whole house. If anyone could come up with an amazing idea, and install one, it would be him. Of course our hearts are hurting because of this news, but we must continue planning and dreaming, because life goes on. We are thankful that Kathryn is in good spirits and helping us with a workable plan for her care. We are also praying for a miraculous healing of her bones. When Jesus said, in John 14: 27, "Peace I leave with you." I believe He meant for those words to calm our hearts in situations just like this. Our home is covered in peace tonight. Thanks be to God.


text:
Rebecca Bardach
Imagining the unimaginable: How shared education can help secure Israel's future
What began with a few simple schoolhouses in the American south ultimately led to a better future for black and white citizens. Israel should try the approach
Pine Grove Rosenwald School Interior. Many schools were located in areas lacking electricity, so the fund designed architectural plans that made the most of natural light. (Wikipedia)
Booker T. Washington was 9 years old the day a Union soldier rode his horse onto the front lawn of the plantation where he and his family worked as slaves. The soldier called all to gather round while he read aloud from a document: they were free. Washington's mother, tears streaming down her face, hugged and kissed her children, unable to believe that she had actually lived to see this day. And yet, a few hours later this band of the newly liberated were engulfed in deep gloom as they realized what a long, difficult path lay ahead of them.
On that historic day it would have been unimaginable that Washington would grow up to become one of the most respected advocates for black education and welfare in America. But he did. And it would have also been beyond imagining that he would befriend Julius Rosenwald, a man from a German Jewish immigrant family who started as a travelling salesman and eventually transformed Sears Roebuck into the Amazon of its time, and became one of the wealthiest businessmen and most visionary philanthropists in America.
Most inconceivable on that spring day in 1865 when Washington was freed from slavery, is that he and Rosenwald would join forces to tackle the terrible educational conditions of black schoolchildren in the segregated south. They started by building a few decent schoolhouses. Eventually their committed efforts not only dramatically improved schooling, but also launched a process of community empowerment that helped forge the leaders and activists of the civil rights movement.
Now, decades later, and across the ocean from where they helped change the lives of black and white Americans, the example set by Booker T. Washington and Julius Rosenwald can offer a trajectory of hope for the Jewish and Arab citizens of Israel, caught in the grip of a seemingly intractable conflict. Finding a way to live together peacefully seems as unimaginable as freedom must have felt to 9-year old Washington's tearful mother. But in Israel too, schools may serve as critical stepping stones towards a future in which both Jews and Arabs can live together equally, with mutual acceptance, and without fear. How?
Mobilizing change through the schoolhouse
In the late 1800s Washington helped establish the Tuskegee Institute, a teachers' training institute for African-Americans in the South. But without public funding or support most schoolhouses in the black communities were little better than shacks, lacking windows, light, electricity and plumbing. Washington quickly realized that without the most minimal conditions, even the best teacher would struggle to facilitate effective learning. And without learning, the students would not be able to build better lives.
"You need a schoolhouse!" he would urge his trainees. But that was easier said than done.
When the two first met, Washington presented this challenge to Rosenwald and persuaded him to help build decent schoolhouses. Rosenwald agreed, but on one condition: his philanthropic contribution would be matched. The local government had to provide funding, and fulfill its obligation to provide quality public education to black citizens. And the local black community where the schoolhouse would be built had to contribute with labor and their own fundraising efforts. This, Rosenwald reasoned, would make it truly their own.
The result was a beautiful, light-filled, functional schoolhouse where teachers could teach and students could learn. Equally important, the process of partnering to build the schools galvanized a community awakening. Once built, the schoolhouse often became a community center, the heart and home for the local black community, providing a much-needed space (and often the only of its kind) to enable community enrichment and civic activity. The combination of schools and community activity nurtured a sense of self-worth and human dignity which countered the dominant messages of the times.
The school initiative also created a spirit of cooperation between blacks and whites which had little other means of expression under the laws and norms of Jim Crow. And the partnership with the local and state government was critical in making black education far more widely accepted and accessible.
Booker T. Washington died only a few years after their partnership began, but Rosenwald carried on with the project. Over the course of two decades, what began as a tentative pilot swelled until some 5,000 schoolhouses were built. More than 30% of black children in the South attended a Rosenwald school, as they were nicknamed. This not only changed individual lives: studies show that the Rosenwald schools narrowed the education gap between blacks and whites in the South by some 40%. But it also changed the trajectory of the entire community, as the schools are also credited with birthing the future leaders and activists of the civil rights movement. Thus a project that began with a few simple schoolhouses, ultimately helped facilitate a historic impact in creating greater equality and a better future between black and white citizens.
Israel's shared schools are building shared society
In Israel, most Arab and Jewish children grow up separately. Jews and Arabs generally live in different towns and villages; when they live in the same cities, it is often in different neighborhoods. They also study apart as, in a reflection of Israel's major community groups, the school system has four tracks: Hebrew-language secular; national religious; ultra-orthodox; and Arabic-language. So most Jews and Arabs may have no opportunity to get to know each other in any educational or social setting until, at best, they are young adults.
Even then, their first encounter might be either in the army, when Israeli Jews serving as soldiers might have contact with Palestinians viewed only as an enemy. Or in university, where both Jewish and Arab citizens study, but enter at such different ages and life stages that there is little likelihood of really getting to know each other.
And of course, the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict negatively affects the relations between Israel's 80% Jewish and 20% Arab citizens, filling the vacuum created by separation with fear and mistrust, punctured all too often by violence.
The exception to this great divide are joint Jewish-Arab schools, which are intentionally integrated, bilingual and multicultural. There children study together and enjoy a curriculum which brings in the languages, traditions, cultures and histories of both communities, promoting equality as well as mutual understanding, respect and acceptance.
These schools are often oversubscribed; in some of the cities where there is no such school, there are groups of parents asking for one to open. In each case these schools are started by people fed up with the fear and hatred which dominates Jewish-Arab relations in Israel, and hungry for change. These parents often form an active community, both supporting the school and conveying to the general public the message that shared society is a viable option for Israel. And yet countrywide there are barely a dozen such schools and preschools.
I base this on my personal and professional experience, as I am a parent at one of these schools, run by Hand in Hand and the Jerusalem school authority, and I work at the Hand in Hand organization, to help expand its network of Jewish-Arab schools and communities. Doing so, we believe, will not only offer children an exceptional educational and social experience, but also help develop the norms, policies and practices of cooperation, rather than conflict between the two communities.
Lessons learned: The Rosenwald Schools show a pathway forward
Some may question whether a relatively small educational initiative such as a few integrated schools in Israel can really catalyze broad social and political change. But the electrifying example of Booker T. Washington and Julius Rosenwald partnering to launch a network of schools throughout the segregated American South in the first half of the 20th century suggests the answer can be yes, and their initiative offers important lessons and insights for efforts to build-up Jewish-Arab relations in Israel.
In both cases, a three-way partnership between communities, government and philanthropy mobilizes the essential financial and social resources needed for change. Government is a critical partner to successfully scale up, and achieve sustainability and wider systemic change. Philanthropy provides essential financial resources, leverages government support and helps otherwise despairing communities initiate much-needed change. The symbiotic relationship between the school and community – whereby a community organizes to start the school, and, in turn, the school enriches and empowers the community — triggers a broader catalytic change.
While in both cases the macro-political situation feels beyond the power of a few individuals to change, the Washington-Rosenwald partnership shows how local action eventually catalyzed wide-spread change. Expanding joint education in Israel, city by city, has the potential to do the same. The commitment to a better future for your children is a tremendous motivating force to constructive civic action. It empowers parents and other key stakeholders to overcome despair and work against the quicksand of a seemingly unchangeable status quo.
When Washington and Rosenwald began to build their first schoolhouses, the needs must have been overwhelming. Their collaboration paved the pathway to challenging the extremes of rigid social divides and horrific violence. While black-white relations in today's America still face deeply troubling challenges, this endeavor was significant in achieving relative progress, and offers valuable insights for achieving social change.
Through joint schools Jewish and Arab citizens of Israel are choosing a pathway of profound cooperation. Education can change not only individual trajectories but also community trajectories. Whatever political solution is reached between Israelis and Palestinians, the two communities must learn to accept each other and live together, whether as citizens of the same state or neighboring countries.
In his time, Booker T. Washington told the teachers he trained at his Tuskegee Training Center that they must: "Go out and be a center, a life-giving power as it were to the whole community, to give life where there is not life, hope where there is no hope." The new schoolhouses and the process of their creation did just that, and helped break down seemingly insurmountable barriers in black-white relations.
Now in Israel, shared schools and communities are also a source of life-giving power, giving hope where there is no hope to both Jews and Arabs, that together we can build a better future for all those who call this place home.
This article is dedicated to the memory of Michael Varet, z"l, who turned to his wife Elizabeth as we met over lunch in Jerusalem one day and exclaimed, "Elizabeth, the work of Hand in Hand sounds just like your grandfather's work!" This brought me to a deeply inspiring process of learning more about and from this extraordinary story.
Rebecca Bardach oversees growth and strategy at Hand in Hand: the Center for Jewish-Arab Education in Israel. Prior to that she worked with international migration, conflict, relief and development efforts. She holds an MPA in Public Policy and International Development from NYU, and lives in Jerusalem.
Arab Israelis
Democracy in Israel
Israel: Jewish and Democratic
A Proposal to Achieve Electoral Unity
Chananya Weissman


text:
Козница е защитена местност в планината Родопи, разположена в землищата на град Кричим и село Скобелево.

Обявена е за защитена през 2008 г. със заповед на министъра на околната среда и водите Джевдет Чакъров. Релефът на района е силно насечен, с височинна амплитуда близо 1500 m, защитената местност покрива площ от 6501,5 декара.

В защитената местност се опазват няколко културни-исторически забележителности. Открити са останки от древни крепости и постройки. През последните години по тези останки работят археолози. Открити са останки от тракийско светилище, в което са намерени ценни находки като керамични съдове и други. Открити са голям брой скални гробове, гробове, всечени в скалата.

Флора
Основната задача в защитената местност е опазването на обширните вековни гори, които се намират в него. Ниските и средни части на резервата са покрити с вековни букови гори. Горските площи са изградени освен това от бял бор, обикновен смърч и обикновена ела по високите места. Най-популярното дърво е "голямата ела", която има обиколка на ствола 1,5 m, а на височина е близо 6 m.

Фауна
Голямото разнообразие в релефа и растителния свят е предпоставка за голямо разнообразие на фауната в района. От копитните бозайници най-голям интерес представлява дивата коза. В Козница е съхранена сравнително голяма популация от този вид.

Характерни за резервата са кафявите мечки, чиито брой е значителен. Управлението на резервата полага специални усилия да бъде запазена популацията от мечки, защото техният брой в България постепенно намалява.

Източници

Вижте също
 Защитени територии в България

Защитени местности в България
Община Кричим
Община Родопи

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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What are some ways to protect your skin from sun damage?
days it's important to protect yourself from the unseen rays of the sun.
improved greatly and provide a beautiful glow without causing damage to the skin.
Have a question about your skin care?
We are always here to help! Ask us anything ANYTIME!


text:
Category Archives: Melodrama
October 12, 2011 By urbanora in Festivals, Melodrama Tags: Silent films	3 Comments
Festival-goers in the foyer of the Verdi theatre for the Giornate del Cinema Muto
Here we are again in Pordenone. It's a pleasing, unostentatious town on the Venetian plain, to the north-west of Italy, population around 50,000, and not to be found in many guidebooks. There's just the one scenic street likely to attract the day-tripper, the Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, but it's a place whose quiet pleasures become all the more apparent if you stay for a while. Say, at a silent film festival.
So we are at the thirtieth Giornate del Cinema Muto, and if you think it's a wonder that after thirty years they still have something new to show, well we learn in the festival catalogue that there are some 50,000 silent films held in FIAF archives and Pordenone has so far shown 6,658 of them, so we've a way to go yet, and the Giornate is right to pursue its policies of comprehensiveness, discovery and pushing back the boundaries. At Pordenone, silent films are always going forward, never standing still.
So we fly in via Trieste (such glorious, glorious views over Venice), a route taken by surprisingly few festival-goers, so that the three of us on the flight headed for the Giornate are treated to a festival car. For a moment, when I see my name held up on a card in the airport I think that perhaps the festival is so in awe of these Pordenone diaries that we produce each year that they have laid on a courtesy car for our special benefit. But the car is for the rather more deserving pianist John Sweeney, and thus we arrive in Pordenone in comfort and warm sunshine at four in the afternoon.
We register, and discover to our dismay that the festival catalogue has been delayed and will not be available until Tuesday. Much wailing and gnashing of teeth (inwardly at least), and we abandon plans to blog daily from the festival because the catalogue's detailed background information is essential if we are to provide you with a solid reference work as opposed to mere impressionism. We check in at the ever-reliable Park Hotel, then head back to the centre of town and into the Verdi theatre to catch our first films (which have been screening since 14:30). A slight contretemps occurs when the Verdi staff refuse to let us into the upper floor where we prefer to sit (because the ground floor seats are not yet filled up), but we are philosophical about this, eventually.
Into the auditorium, and our first film is not one for the frivolous. The Doomed (Gantsirluni) (Georgia SSR 1930) is directed by the Georgian Lev Push, one of last year's festival's discoveries. The feature-length film concerns a mutiny among Russian troops in France following the October 1917 revolution. It starts with Kino-Pravda-style newsreel intercut with sloganeering, then turns into drama, with the pained faces of the mutinous soldiers in their barracks, their faces shown in the uncompromising, epic light that so characterises Soviet filmmaking of the period. I struggle to resolve the dehumanized presentation with the human fellow feeling it strives to evoke, but others find the film technically impressive.
Luisella and Raffaele Viviani (centre) in Un Amore Selvaggio (1912), from http://archiviteatro.napolibeniculturali.it/teatroViviani.html
More to my taste is Un Amore Selvaggio (Italy 1912), part of the festival's Italy: Restrospect and Discovery strand. This is a hoot. It stars what are clearly a stage duo, bringing their larger-than-life stage personas to the screen. The duo are brother and sister Luisella and Raffaele Viviani, Neapolitan stage actors who specialise in native dramas of grimy realism and high passion, usally directed by Raffaele. It is the only one of their three films to survive. Here they play a Sicilian brother and sister in a drama of intense revenge, where she asks her brother to kill a farm owner who has rejected her advances because she is his social inferior, only preventing him from doing so when she changes her mind. Never have eyes rolled so much, arms waved so passionately, nor hair been pulled back so constantly. Yet it is not comical; rather it jolts the audience out of complacency, showing an edgier form of early cinema than we usually experience out of the comparatively milder stage traditions of northern Europe and America. When Raffaele looks like he wants to fight, he sems more than ready to deal in real blows; when Luisella wants you killed, the audience starts worrying for you.
One fascinating minor detail. The sister in Un Amore Viaggio tries to poison a female rival by dipping sulphur matches into her drink. We learn that a Hungarian film shown earlier in the day (presumably A Tolonc) features exactly the same strategy. It doesn't work for Luisella – her would-be victim merely puts down the drink because it tastes funny. Did poisoning by matches ever work? Was it common?
More high passion follows. The title of Più che la morte (Italy 1912) translates as 'worse than death' (all of the films at Pordenone come with titles projected beneath the screen translated into English and Italian). The name of the director of this Cines historical drama is not known, which is a great shame, because he demonstrates eye-catching technical skill, with dramatic foregrounding of characters and striking use of lateral camera movement. Our hero (in some nineteenth-century setting) betrays some friends to save his wife from torture by the police. His friends are his friends no longer. They tie him to a post, and through two sets of windows he sees his wife and child trapped in a room which is then set on fire. Nice framing of the inset background action we tell ourselves, while shivering at the horror and wondering at the mind who made such an entertainment.
Più che la morte is one of a number of films shown at the Giornate from the Desmet collection of the Netherlands EYE Film Institute. The collection of Dutch cinema owner and film distributor Jean Desmet was recently inscribed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register, one of the few films or film collections on the prestigious register, and an interesting example of one country championing the preservation of the cultural artefacts of others, since few of the Desmet films are Dutch.
The evening's festival treat is Novi Vavilon (New Babylon) (USSR 1929), part of the Shostakovich & FEKS strand, of which more in a later diary. The film is screened to Shostakovich's score played by the FVG Mitteleuropa Orchestra, but these grand occasions (and the demand that you take a particular seat) are not to our taste, so we retire for the evening.
This year's Giornate is seeing greater coverage online than seems to have been the case before. There is the Giornate's Twitter account, finally leaping into life, and a wide selection of photographs on its Flickr account, from which photographs of day one are here. There are also videos from their YouTube channel, some of which we shall embed here for the days where they belong.
Stay tuned for the Bioscope's Pordenone diary day two, when we shall bring you the earliest Disney cartoon, Japanese polar explorers, the parting of the Red Sea, and Georgian peasant radio enthusiasts.
Tied to the tracks
November 23, 2010 By urbanora in Animation, Melodrama, Modern silents, Theatre, Women Tags: Silent films	12 Comments
I'm grateful to Bioscope regular Penfold for bringing this delightful short animation by Aidan McAteer to my attention. It is funny, stylish, and will have particular resonance for any weekend train traveller in the UK who has come up against the words 'engineering works' …
It's a mocking idea of a silent film, the kind of silent film that was never made. All those know don't know silent films know one thing about them – that they featured evil villains who twirled their moustaches then tied a hapless female to the railway track. And all those who do know silent films know that such scenes were hackneyed even before films were invented, and the few films that did show them did so as parody.
It's an issue that comes up time and time again, so let's try and pin down the historical truth. The idea of an entertainment where someone is tied to a railway track and is rescued in the nick of time certainly predates cinema. The entertainment that put the idea into the popular imagination was an 1867 stage melodrama written by American playwright and theatre manager Augustin Daly entitled Under the Gaslight which featured a man tried to railway tracks who was rescued by a woman before he could be run over by the oncoming train (Victorian theatre revelled in such stage spectaculars). An earlier play, The Engineer, had some elements that may have inspired Daly, but he put all the right elements together.
Poster for Under the Gaslight, from http://www.josephhaworth.com. Note the male victim and the female rescuer
When the man in peril was changed to a woman in peril in the popular imagination is unclear, but it is no surprise that the transference was made. The play was wildly popular and was re-produced many times, while Daly complained that his big idea was stolen by other theatrical managers who adapted it for their own entertainments. When films appeared, thirty years later, the mannerisms of stage meldorama that had sent shivers up Victorian spines were out-of-date (so no more twirling of moustaches if you wanted your villain to be taken seriously) while the elaborate stage effects were increasingly supplanted by the realism that cinema could provide by filming on location. So, as dramatic films emerged a major sub-genre emerged of the train thriller (including such notable titles as D.W. Griffith's The Lonedale Operator and The Girl and Her Trust). But the thrill had transferred from the tracks to the train itself. It is the speed, power and modernity of the train that characterises such films, not the notion of tying someone to the tracks which was too much ingrained in outmoded stage conventions to be taken seriously.
That said, the transference was not immediate, because there were at least two films featuring a woman in peril of being run over by a train that played it straight before anyone played it for laughs. Edwin S. Porter and Wallace McCutcheon's The Train Wreckers (Edison 1905) features a switchman's daughter who is pursued by a gang of outlaws, tied to a tree, then when she she escapes (her dog unties the rope) the outlaws knock her unconscious and lay her on the railway track. Happily her boyfriend is a rail engineer who scoops her up from the cow-catcher in the nick of time. So, not exactly tied to the rails, but near enough, and a work very much in the spirit of the Victorian melodrama.
The set-up was still credible in 1911 because it turned up again with Pathé/American Kinema's The Attempt on the Special, which is very close in action to the earlier film, down the heroine being left unconscious on the rails (rather than tied up) and the assistance from a dog. It is described thus by the BFI National Archive:
Nell, the pointsman's daughter is tied up by a gang who plan to rob a train. A greyhound, taught to relay messages between herself and her boyfriend comes to her aid and unties her. She sends the dog off with a message for help, but in attempting to escape she is knocked down and left lying on the track. The message is recieved in time to save the girl and the gang is routed.
Ford Sterling with the sledgehammer and Mabel Normand tied in the rails in Barney Oldfield's Race for a Life (1913), from moma.org
The film that established the parodic idea, and which is often used to illustrate it, is Keystone's Barney Oldfield's Race for a Life (1913), featuring real-life motor racer Barney Oldfield, Ford Sterling as the moustachioed villain and Mabel Normand as the victim. The film plays it entirely for laughs, and the still above shows you everything you would expect to see. Not only is it not the archetypal silent, but it is unusual for its time in parodying dramatic conventions that someone like D.W. Griffith was still half in thrall to. Perhaps 1913 was some sort of a threshold year of a lack of respect for Victoriana, because stage melodrama is similarly ridiculed by the British film Blood & Bosh, made in the same year by Hepworth. It can be seen as a sign of the growing maturity of the film medium as it outgrew its stage origins, and as the twentieth century increasingly outgrew the nineteenth.
Betty Hutton playing Pearl White in The Perils of Pauline (1947), from http://www.dvdbeaver.com
It is commonly believed that heroines being tied to the tracks was a common element in the adventures serials that appeared around this time, such as The Exploits of Elaine (1914), The Perils of Pauline (1914) or The Hazards of Helen (1914-17). Such serials skilfully married the melodramatic conventions of an earlier age with independent heroines that were a part of the modern world. The heroines were put into perilous situations, but they had the resourcefulness to escape from them. Trains feature frequently in such serials, but the heroine is more likely to be tackling danger on the train rather than being passively threatened by it. The Perils of Pauline, often cited as showing Pauline (Pearl White) being tied to a railway track, contained no such scene. Indeed, the only example from a silent serial I have traced with anything like such a scenario is the Helen Holmes serial, A Lass of the Lumberlands (1916). Here a person was a person tied to the tracks, but it was a man, and it was Helen – in true Under the Gaslight fashion – who rescued him. In the 1947 feature film The Perils of Pauline Betty Hutton (playing Pauline heroine Pearl White) does get tied to the rails, but that just shows what had been forgotten about silents in less than two decades. And it was probably from here – a parody of a parodic idea – that the idea as being archetypally silent film took hold, and has remained.
Helen Holmes to the rescue in A Lass of the Lumberlands
Interestingly Under the Gaslight itself was filmed, in 1914, with Lionel Barrymore and Millicent Evans, though the plot synopses I've seen make no mention of any trains at all (and the film is lost). Instead it was Keystone who returned to the comic idea established in Barney Oldfield's Race for a Life when they made Teddy at the Throttle (1917), in which Gloria Swanson gets tied (strictly speaking, chained) to the tracks, Wallace Beery is the villain, and it is the quick-witted dog (Teddy) who saves Gloria.
So the idea was around in the silent era, but infrequently so. It was played straight on a few occasions, parodied on about as many, and inverted on at least one occasion. It is anything but a major theme.
But the myth goes on. The villain twirls his moustache. The pianist pounds away furiously as the train grows ever closer. The girl, bound with rope, squirms and screams. Will the hero get there in time? Will the idea that this is what silent films were about ever be shaken off? Probably not. It's what people need to know who don't need to know. We'll just have to live with them.


I bought one in the 1980's it has been a great gun lots of rounds and no problems . I have three magazines it would be nice if they where marked 556 or 7.62x39 is there any way to tell them a part ?
I have two 5.56 Norinco 84s. One is the underfold and the other is fixed stock.
Thank you for information on the magazines .
I have three magazines it would be nice if they where marked 556 or 7.62x39 is there any way to tell them a part ?
Do you have both? Look at them next to each other. The 7.62 mag body has more of a curve to it, the 5.56 mag is straighter.
My 84-S must have a rough chamber. It will routinely get cases stuck after shooting them. The extractor will often pull the rim off trying to extract. I had thought it was a steel case issue, because that's what started it. But it does it with brass also.
Polishing the chamber did the trick on a 5.45 AK I have.