As a mom, you quickly learn that diaper bags are not one size fits all. There are times you are running a few quick errands with baby and you just need something to bring a spare diaper or two. Then, of course, there are those days when you are on-the-go all day long, and you feel like you are packing up the whole house and trying to fit it into one bag! Balboa Baby's new bag collection features three different sized bags depending on what fits your needs best. One lucky Project Nursery reader will win the entire collection of three bags!
The tote bag is perfect for easy access to your baby's items. I like this kind of bag for a day at the park when you might want to carry along a blanket for baby to sit on. The wide top and deep pocket allow you to stuff in bulkier items.
The duffle bag would be great for an overnight trip with baby. It also looks like a great carry-on bag.
The messenger bag is probably the most traditional diaper bag, featuring bottle pockets and a removable changing pad. It would be an excellent choice for an everyday diaper bag.
All the bags are made of quilted cotton in two adorable color options with a contrasting lining for a fun pop of color when you open the bag. They are lightweight, which is important since you don't want to have to lug around any more weight than you have to. Best of all, they are machine washable—fantastic!
WIN IT! One lucky Project Nursery reader will win the complete Balboa Bag Collection, including the duffle, messenger and tote bag (a $210 value!). The winner can choose between Lime or Red Poppy colors.
HOW TO ENTER: Visit Balboa Baby, and let us know which color you prefer in a comment below. Contest ends Friday, July 27th, 2012 at 11:59 PDT. Winner chosen by random number generator.
1. "Like" Project Nursery and Balboa Baby on Facebook, give us a shout out on our wall and tell us you did with a comment below.
2. Follow Project Nursery and Balboa Baby on Twitter, tweet about it and tell us you did with a comment below.
3. Follow Project Nursery and "pin" Balboa Baby images from this post on Pinterest and add your Pinterest link in a comment below.
Hi! I love the red poppy color for this bag! Please enter me in the giveaway!
the red poppy bag is so cute!
I love the red poppy!
Lime poppy is my favorite!
So many amazing color patterns to choose from!! I would go with Khaki Berry to keep it neutral!! Love these products!
Following on Twitter and tweet sent!
Subscribed to the newsletter! Can't wait to start receiving them!
IN <3 with the LIME POPPY! OMG so adorable!! Tweeted, Facebooked & Pinned!
My husband is gonna kill me for wanting a flower bag for our little boy but I think boys need a bit of femininity too!
The Lime Poppy is very nice and probably my personal preference, though both are beautiful!
The Lime Poppy is remarkable! It is so nice to remain fashionable after your necessities switch from lipstick to diapers! This way, you can have both! Thanks! I wish I could LOVE them on facebook!
I love the lime poppy!
Love the lime poppy – such a great design for diaper bags that are universal and don't LOOK like diaper bags!
I like the red poppy.
I think I prefer the red poppy!
I already have been following Project Nursery on Facebook and love all the photos and inspiration. Now I'm following Balboa Baby too!
I like Balboa and PN on facebook!
Forgot to mention that I am also a subscriber of the weekly newsletter.
I liked both PN and BB on Facebook. Like Poppy please!
I like Balboa and Project Nursery on facebook!
These bags are adorable! So smart to have 3 different sizes, will come in handy!!
liked both on facebook :) i love the red poppy pattern! i also follow project nursery on pinterest & have pinned some balboa baby images. and i receive the newsletter!
Pinned the Lime tote, love it!
I'm in love with the Red Poppy .. soo cute!!
I prefer the Lime Poppy! Thanks for the giveaway opportunity!
I liked both on Facebook! I would love the Lime Poppy!
Now following Project Nursery on Pinterest – working hard on my own nursery, can't wait to add my new project to your website!
I prefer the Lime Poppy. Thanks!
I would like the red ones! These are great!
Just love the Red Poppy!!!! I am a subscriber to the newsletter too!
I follow Project Nursery and Balboa Baby on Twitter. Thank You!
Lime Poppy matches my stroller perfectly!
I am following Project Nursery and Balboa Baby on Facebook!
I like and left a comment on Project Nursery's FB Page. Thanks!
I like and left a comment on Balboa Baby's FB Page. Thanks!
We already receive your newsletter!
We also follow you guys on Facebook!
Have you shout on your wall!
We follow you on Facebook!
I love the lime print! So cute! Hope I win!
Lime poppy is my fav!
Already subscribed. I love them all!!
I gave you a shout out on the Project Nursery FB page!
I also posted on the Balboa FB page! Love the lime poppy!
I love the red poppy pattern. The three different sizes of bag is great!
Pinned your cute lime messenger!
I love the lime poppy. I liked on FB and will suscribe to newsletter. Thank you.
Suscribed to the newsletter. Looking forward to reading some fun ideas!
and gave a shout out on your wall!
Lime poppy~ Thanks for the opportunity!
I liked project nursery and Balboa Bags! And wrote on their walls!
I love the lime! So cute. These bags would make perfect mom gifts!
I love the lime poppy. I lied on facebook and will suscibe t newsletter. Thanks.
liked on facebook that is.
I LOVE the LIME!!!! Thanks for the chance!
1: I like you both on Facebook!
I love the Lime Poppy. Thanks!
I like both Project Nursery and Balboa on facebook!
I follow PN on twitter. Follow PN on Facebook. and posted on Fabecook wall of Balboa Baby. Now follow Balboa Baby on Twitter, and sent a tweet. Already receive the monthly newsletter. Might add I'm slightly obsessed with your site too!
Like project nursery on facebook. Love your Lime poppy tote bag!
Super excited about the give away from @projectnursery today. The @BalboaBaby bags are too cute!
the Lime Poppy print is so refreshing! Would love to tote my baby's stuff in that!
I love the red poppy color!
Love the lime. Hoping to get it for the baby girl due in November.
I like both pages on FB and gave you a shout out!
http://pinterest.com/pin/170785010839930357/ I pinned a picture on Pintrest!
I love the lime poppy color!
I like Project Nursery and Balboa Baby on Facebook. Thank You!
I gave a shout out on your Facebook wall!
I gave a shout on your Facebook wall!
'Like'ed both PN and Balboa Baby on Facebook.
I love the lime color!
Posted in both walls Thank you for the chance to win the poppy print bags!!!!
I love the Red Poppy Collection!
I Liked you and Balboa Baby on Facebook!
Both colors are nice but I really like the Lime best!
I already "like" project nursery on FB, which is how I found out about the giveaway. I just added Balboa Baby to my FB likes as well!
I also follow project nursery on Pinterest and added a pin about the bags: http://pinterest.com/pin/184366178466210725/ Thanks so much for the chance at this amazing giveaway!
Liked project nursery and baloba baby on Facebook!
Love the red poppy and the usefulness of these bags!
Followed project nursery and baloba baby on twitter and tweeted!
My Favorite Color is Khaki Berry!! I already own the Nursing Pillow and Cover in the color!
I "Like" Project Nursery and Balboa Baby on Facebook, and left a shout out on your pages!
I liked project nusery on fb :) I already liked Balboa Baby.
I'm a fan and receive the newsletter. love these bags!
I love the red poppy bag!
I like Project Nursery and Balboa Baby on Facebook!
I am now Subscribed to your Weekly Newsletter!!
I tweeted about the super cute baby bag on Twitter. Love it!
Red poppy looks super cute!
I really love the red poppy collection!
Liked both pages. Love the duffle bag!!!
I liked Project Nursery and Balboa Baby on FB!
I receive your weekly newsletter and I visit your site to get ideas for my baby girls nursery. It's almost completed now! Thanks for all the great inspiration!
I think I have to go with Red Poppy!
I like them both but I would probably choose the lime poppy!
I like the Limy Poppy!
I did a shout out on your wall!
I'm a red poppy fan!
I LOVE the GEO for not knowing the gender!
I liked project nursery on FB!!!!
I follow Project Nursery on Pinterest !
I subscribe to your news letter… LOVE catching up and getting inspired!
I pined the messenger bag… love that style! makes so much sense!
I love the red poppy print duffle!
I love the lime poppy bags!!!
I subscribe to your newsletter. Thanks for the giveaway!
I LOVE the lime Poppy print! These bags are so adorable!
I love the lime!! I pinned it and shared it on my facebook page!
RED RED RED!!! Anyone that knows me would't even have to ask!
I like Balboa baby on Facebook!
I'm definitely a Lime girl myself.
I "Like" both PN and Balboa Baby on Facebook!
Love the red poppy messenger bag!
Although I like both… a lot, I think the red poppy is awesome and I love how it POPS w/color.
Just "liked" both sites on FB!!!!
I follow @projectnursery and @balboababy and I tweeted!
I like the lime poppy.
I am a weekly subscriber to the newsletter…and if I win I will be so happy with a baby on the way! Yay!
Liked u both on FB.
I love the Lime! Thanks for the giveaway.
Liked Balboa Baby and project nursery on facebook and shared on my wall!
I prefer the 'Red Poppy' patterned bags!
I am a Project Nursery weekly subscriber!
I have 'liked' Project nursery on facebook.
I like them both but would choose Red Poppies for sure!
Thanks! I love the Lime.
I like PN and Balboa Baby on facebook and gave a shout out on your wall!
I love the lime poppy pattern.
I cant decide between the lola and the swirl! All the patterns are a-mazing!
I like the red poppy color!
Red poppy is my favorite!
I "liked" Balboa Baby on FB!
I have subscribed! And I like the red poppy!
I absolutely love the lime poppy bag. It's gorgeous!
The swirl swatch is beautiful!
The Suri and Lime Poppy colors are lovely!
I "Pinned" the Lime Poppy from Project Nursery on Pinterest!
I love the lime poppy for the bags; I also love swirl!
I like the Lime Poppy color!
The Lime Poppy is my fav!
LOVE the balboa bags! I prefer lime.
I also wrote on your Facebook wall!
I like the lime poppy or red poppy colors. Both at great!
I like the lime colors!
Liked Project Nursery and Balboa Baby on FB and commented!
I love the Lime Poppy! Those bags are too cute!
liked & posted on fb!
I'm now following Project Nursery on Pinterest and pinned the lime bag!
And I subscribed to the newsletter!!!
And I added Project Nursery and Balboa Bags on Facebook and added a link and comment on my wall!
I love the red poppy duffle Balboa bag! Not only is it versatile, but its absolutely adorable!
I love the lime poppy!!!
I like the red poppy and the fact it is machine washable!
I love the lime poppy! Three great bags!
I love the red poppy. I tweeted about the contest and both your brands, followed on facebook for both brands and have signed up for the email!!! Pregnant with my second and will be so useful with 2 kids under 2!
I would love the Red Poppy!
I follow Project Nursery and Balboa Baby on Twitter and tweeted!
I visited balboababy, and I love the black bag.
I liked project nursery and babynalboa on Facebook.
I prefer the Lime Poppy color!
I Like" Project Nursery and Balboa Baby on Facebook and gave shout outs on each of the walls!
I am a suscriber to your weekly newsletter and love it!
I like the Lime Poppy colored bag!
i really like the lime bag!
I like Project Nursery & Balboa on Fb & left a message on your page.
I just love the Lime Poppy Messenger bag!
I follow on Pinterest and pinned the Lime Poppy Messenger bag!
I love the lime poppy bags….super cute!
I subscribe to project nursery and I would love the lime poppy bag!!
I'm expecting Twins and don't know the gender…the lime green would be fabulous for either!
I love the lime bag!
I just can't get enough of Project Nursery and Balboa Baby!
I follow you on pinterest and via Facebook!! I have so many pregnant friends and love your postings and ideas!
I prefer the Red Poppy color!
I liked Project Nursery and Balboa Baby on Facebook.
I like the lime bag!
I like the red poppy print, because I don't think my husband would mind carrying this bag!!
I really like the Lime Poppy!
I liked project nursery on FB and followed you on Pinterest and repinned.
Love the red poppy duffle bag!
I love the red poppy!!
I love the Lime Poppy color .. super cute!
Just subscribed to Project Nursery's newsletter. Love love love all the unique ideas and rooms featured on your site!
I love the bright colors of the Red Poppy print! Thanks!
I already subscribe the the weekly newletter. Thanks!
I love the red poppy print!
I prefer the red poppies color.
I love the lime poppy print!! I love the slings also!!
I "liked" both facebook pages and left some love on the walls! Thanks!!
I just subscribed to the newsletter! Thanks!!
Follow you on Pinterest and Facebook and I love the Lime bag for my baby girl due Thanksgiving Day 2012!!
I subscribe to your newsletter. Love The lime poppy color!
I love the lime poppy print! Also, love this room. Was looking at doing grey and white and adding a pop of pink or blue for boy or girl. This is amazing! subscribed to newsletter and following on pinterest! Thanks!
Loving the Red Poppy Messenger.
I like both colors, tough to decide, but I think I prefer the lime!
The red poppy bag is adorable!!!! I love it! What a great design! I like that it's soft, I can never find cute bags that are soft to the touch like this one!
I like the Lime Poppy pattern! Very cute! Thanks for the giveaway!
I really like the Swirl print!
I subscribe to the PN newsletter!!
I "Liked" Project Nursery and Balboa!
I like the the lime poppy!
I like the red poppy!
I like the Balboa bag in red poppy!
I like both PN and Balboa Baby on FB. I left an Aloha and shout out on the PN wall.
I love the lime poppy bag!
Love the lime tote. Always love the quilted look but many are in old fashion designs. These are very fun and modern.
I love the lime poppy bag. It looks like the perfect size!
Love the Lime Poppy bags!!
I love the lime print. I liked both on FB and shared!
I like the lime! So cute.
We have a winner! Congrats to Btooke Manning (comment #192) for being this week's winner! Btooke, please check your email for details on how to claim your prize and a huge thank you to everyone who entered.


text:
package com.google.zxing.client.android;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.webkit.WebView;

/**
 * An HTML-based help screen.
 *
 * @author dswitkin@google.com (Daniel Switkin)
 */
public final class HelpActivity extends Activity {

  private static final String BASE_URL =
      "file:///android_asset/html-" + LocaleManager.getTranslatedAssetLanguage() + '/';

  private WebView webView;

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
    super.onCreate(icicle);
    setContentView(R.layout.help);

    webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.help_contents);

    if (icicle == null) {
      webView.loadUrl(BASE_URL + "index.html");
    } else {
      webView.restoreState(icicle);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
    if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK && webView.canGoBack()) {
      webView.goBack();
      return true;
    }
    return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Adv. 1. B.C. - before the Christian era; used following dates before the supposed year Christ was born; "in 200 BC"
He is, by an almost universal consent, allowed to have been born about the year 620 B.
Demetrius Phalereus, a philosopher at Athens about 300 B.
He is placed, by one critic, l4 as far back as the institution of the Achaian League, B.
From the time of Thales of Miletus, in the fifth century B.
Critics from Plutarch downwards have almost unanimously rejected the lines 654-662, on the ground that Hesiod's Amphidamas is the hero of the Lelantine Wars between Chalcis and Eretria, whose death may be placed circa 705 B.
s bid to fulfill Alberta's desire to ship oil through B.
Vancouver -- Canadian bishops are warning against a deal struck between the B.
The stone (drawing, right) shows the 0lmec developed writing systems earlier than other civilizations in the region, like the Maya and the Zapotec, whose writings date no earlier than 500 B.
Researchers excavating the ruins of an ancient pyramid in northeastern Guatemala have discovered examples of the earliest known Maya writing, produced between 300 B.
One attempt at this was the mass wedding he engineered at the Persian city of Susa in 324 B.
government decided to outsource the processing of Canadians' medical claims previously processed by B.
Following his success in bringing Sicily to heel, Pompey was dispatched to North Africa and eventually to Spain, where the last remnants of the Marians, led by a capable general named Sertorius, held out until 71 B.


text:
Q: Advice on removing records completely from a database I am looking for some advice on the best way to remove multiple records (approximatley over 3000) completly from a database. I have been assigned a job of removing old records from our database for GDPR reasons.
However this is a database i do not have much knowledge on and there is no documentation, ERD's etc on how the tables are joined together.
I managed to work out the tables which will need to have records removed to completely remove details from the database, there are about 24 tables which need to have records removed from.
I have a list of ID numbers which need to be removed so i was thinking of creating a temporary table with the list of IDs and then creating a stored procedure to loop through the temproary tables. Then for each of the 24 tables check to see if it contains records connected to the ID number and then if they do delete them.
Does anyone know if there is any better way of removing these records??

A: I would use a table variable and union all:
declare @ids table (id int primary key)

insert into @ids (id)
select 1 union all
select 2 union all
...
select 3000

delete from table_name where id in
(select id from @ids)

Obviously just change the numbers to the actual ids

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


According to SaharaReporters, the attempt by Buruji Kashamu, a close associate of President Goodluck Jonathan, to stop the publication of a three-volume book by former President Obasanjo, appears to have failed as SaharaReporters can confirm that the book has gone into circulation.
A source close to Mr. Obasanjo confirmed to SaharaReporters late last night that copies of the former president's exhaustive autobiography were already available to buyers in print form. The source said that the book would soon be available in an electronic version that is beyond the jurisdiction of Nigerian courts.
SaharaReporters has already obtained and read sections of the book scheduled for formal launch in Nigeria in a few days.
The book, whose three volumes chronicle the life of the controversial former president from birth till this year, aroused political interest after SaharaReporters exclusively reported that Mr. Obasanjo devotes significant pages to paint an unflattering portrait of President Jonathan.
We reported that the book characterizes Mr. Jonathan as selfish, weak-willed, callous and incapable of rising to the challenges of running a complex country like Nigeria. Mr. Obasanjo also accuses the president of surrounding himself with aides and political associates with corrupt tendencies.
Mr. Obasanjo's book dedicates several parts in the book to point out some of Mr. Jonathan's actions and inactions he considers ill-advised or disastrous for Nigeria. He depicts Mr. Jonathan as a man who has not only destroyed the Peoples Democratic Party but also led Nigeria in dire straits.
The book focuses on several instances of policy somersaults by Mr. Jonathan as well as deliberate actions by the incumbent president that have imperiled Nigeria's progress in the opinion of Mr. Jonathan.
"We have been saying it from day one that President Goodluck Jonathan does not have the qualities to become a true leader, but we cannot forget that Chief Obasanjo singlehandedly put him and the late President Umaru Yar'Adua in office," the lawyer said.
Mr. Obasanjo's book also castigates former President Umaru Yar'Adua, former Vice President Abubakar Atiku, and former Governor James Ibori of Delta State, Bukola Saraki, among other political foes.
In the book, the former president also makes an incredible claim that he was never interested in pursuing a third term while in office.


text:
Events Tag: Even in Paradise
There are no upcoming events for Even in Paradise.
Elizabeth Nunez — Antigua & Barbuda House, New York, NY
Caribbean Cultural Theatre, Caribbean Research Center, and the Friends of Antigua & Barbuda Public Library present pre-WORD! Fest Film Series: Wide Sargasso Sea; women (re)writing history, featuring Elizabeth Nunez and Naomi Jackson.
Venue: Antigua & Barbuda House
Map: 12 W. 122nd St., New York, New York, United States
Elizabeth Nunez — College English Association 48th Conference, Hilton Head Island, SC
Full program details TBA.
Date: Mar 30, 2017, 5:00pm – 7:00pm | Add to iCal »
Venue: Hilton Head Marriott Resort and Spa, Ballroom J
Map: 1 Hotel Circle , Hilton Head Island, South Carolina , United States
Elizabeth Nunez —14th Annual LINKS Brunch, Virginia Festival of the Book, Charlottesville, VA
This event will take place at the Omni Hotel in Charlottesville, VA.
Date: Mar 26, 2017, 11:00am – 1:30pm | Add to iCal »
Venue: Virginia Festival of the Book
Map: Central JMRL Library, 201 E Market St, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22902, United States
Elizabeth Nunez – Jefferson School African American Heritage Center, Virginia Festival of the Book, Charlottesville, VA
Elizabeth Nunez (Even in Paradise) will discuss her novel, a modern recasting of Shakespeare's King Lear, about greed, jealousy, betrayal, and romantic love in the postcolonial world of the Caribbean. This conversation will be moderated by Marie Coles Baker and take place at the Jefferson School African American Heritage Center.
Date: Mar 24, 2017, 12:00pm – 1:30pm | Add to iCal »
Elizabeth Nunez – BRIC Arts + Media House, Brooklyn, NY
An evening of stories – in reading and conversation – of dysfunctional families, sibling rivalries, immigrant dreams, ambitious women and finding home in a program celebrating Elizabeth Nunez's tenth novel and three-decade career of telling stories of the Caribbean beyond tales of sand, sea and sun. Presented by BRIC, the Caribbean Cultural Theatre, and Akashic […]
Venue: BRIC
Map: 647 Fulton Street, Brooklyn, New York, United States
Elizabeth Nunez – Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY
Date: Mar 6, 2017, 12:00pm – 2:00pm | Add to iCal »
Venue: Long Island University
Map: 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, New York , United States
Elizabeth Nunez – Brooklyn Historical Society, Brooklyn, NY
"Fiction by Black Writers: Who are the Readers?" Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Zadie Smith, Colson Whitehead, Yaa Gyasi . . . some of today's biggest names in fiction are black writers, and yet a predominantly white publishing industry maintains the assumption that black literature lacks marketability. Join writer and distinguished academic Dr. Elizabeth Nunez for a […]
Venue: Brooklyn Historical Society
Map: 128 Pierrepont Street, Brooklyn, New York, United States
Elizabeth Nunez – Harlem Arts Salon, New York, NY
Elizabeth Nunez (Even in Paradise) and poet Rowan Ricardo Phillips (Heaven, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2016) will from their newest books. A discussion about their creative process follows. Moderated by Hakim Hasan, co-founder and former director of Urban Dialogues at Metropolitan College of New York. Admission includes signed copies of the books. Refreshments. Limited seating. Tickets […]
Date: Nov 6, 2016, 2:30pm – 5:00pm | Add to iCal »
Venue: Harlem Arts Salon
Map: 1925 Seventh Avenue, Apartment 7L , New York, New York, United States

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Don't Miss the Best Job Candidates: How casting a wider net can help you win the war for talent.
As recruiting becomes more and more challenging, employers are getting creative about where and how to find leading job candidates. One easy change is to consider candidates who may have come from other industries or professions but possess transferable skills that will enable them to be successful in your position. This three-step process will help you expand your pool of candidates to shorten recruiting times and find even better employees.
Identify the core skills you need. Take an inventory of the skills your employee will need to be successful in the position. Then evaluate each skill to determine whether it is a general skill like creativity, communication or project management that may be shared by people with many professional backgrounds, or whether it is a skill that really is unique to your industry or department.
Determine what can be trained or learned on the job. Once you have grouped the skills into broad transferable and specific skills, look to the specific skills to determine which if any can be trained or learned on the job. Every job comes with a certain level of on-the-job training to come up to speed on your methods of performing tasks, so you may find that even specific skills will not be used right away and could be acquired as part of your onboarding process.
Look to parallel or complementary industries and job functions. For those skills that really are specific and that you need from day one, look at candidates from parallel industries or job functions. Somebody who understands sales could perform marketing functions and somebody who has handled recurring billing for a utilities company many be able to handle it for a software as a service web start up.
With this foundation in place it will help you evaluate and target candidates you wouldn't otherwise have considered.


Terminations can be performed at any point in your payroll processing cycle. For example, if someone will only be terminated in the next period, you can already set their termination date in the current period. The system will then keep creating payslips for the employee until the termination date is reached.
We do, however, strongly recommend that you set the termination date before finalising the employee's last payslip as it may have implications for certain calculations. Once this last payslip is finalised, the employee will move to the inactive list.
This option should be used in cases where the employee's service did not in fact end and the termination was recorded in error. Undoing an employee's termination removes all records of the termination and allows you to continue processing payslips for them as usual.
Please do not use this option in cases where the employee returns to work after a break in service – this should be recorded using the re-statement option discussed further on.
A termination can only be undone if the employee has not been re-instated and only the latest termination can be undone.
This allows you to edit the employee's date of termination and / or the reason for the termination.
As with undoing the termination, this can only be done for the latest termination and only in cases where the employee has not been re-instated.
Use this option if an employee was in fact previously terminated, but is now being employed again. The system will record a new service period for the employee and will ask you for a new appointment date.
This option should also be used for employees returning from long-term absences during which they were still employed, such as maternity leave. In these cases, a new service period will not be created.
In each of the above instances, the employee's next regular payslip will be generated for the period in which the reinstatement date falls.


text:
Малечский сельсовет () — административная единица на территории Берёзовского района Брестской области Белоруссии. Административный центр — агрогородок Малеч.

Состав
В состав сельсовета входят 2 агрогородка и 14 деревень:

Источник:

Примечания

Ссылки
 Берёзовский райисполком

Сельсоветы Берёзовского района (Брестская область)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Jeff Bezos' Ex-Wife Finds Love Again With Someone At Her Children's School
Bloomberg/Getty Images
By Sam Silverman/March 8, 2021 5:07 pm EST
Amazon founder Jeff Bezos made headlines in January 2019 after he and then-wife, MacKenzie Bezos, filed for divorce after 25 years of marriage. The split left MacKenzie with an estimated net worth of $53 billion, according to the Daily Mail, cementing her place as the fourth richest woman in the world.
Shortly before the exes finalized their breakup in April 2019, the tech mogul was accused of having an affair with Lauren Sanchez, who had been married to Hollywood agent Patrick Whitesell for 14 years at the time. Since uncoupling from their respective partners, Sanchez and Bezos are still together and it seems like they aren't the only ones who have found love again.
MacKenzie has reportedly settled down with Dan Jewett, a science teacher who teaches at Seattle Lakeside private school — the same school the Bezos' kids attend. It's unclear how the pair linked up and when they tied the knot, but the The Wall Street Journal confirmed the couple has made things official. Keep scrolling for more details about MacKenzie's new relationship.
Jeff Bezos approves of MacKenzie's new man
J. Merritt/Getty Images
It looks like MacKenzie and Jeff Bezos have maintained a friendly relationship since their divorce and he even sent the mother of his children well wishes following the news of her marriage to Dan Jewett. "Dan is such a great guy, and I am happy and excited for the both of them," he said in a statement through an Amazon spokesman to the Daily Mail.
News of the couple's matrimony started to gain traction after they shared a post to Giving Pledge, a website which acts as a "commitment by the world's wealthiest individuals and families to dedicate the majority of their wealth to giving back," according to their website. In their post shared to the platform on March. 6, 2021, Jewett announced he would be partnering with his wife in her "commitment to pass on an enormous financial wealth to serve others."
He continued to state, "It is strange to be writing a letter indicating I plan to give away the majority of my wealth during my lifetime, as I have never sought to gather the kind of wealth required to feel like saying such a thing would have particular meaning." Adding that he has been a teacher for the "majority" of his life, Jewett said, "And now, in a stroke of happy coincidence, I am married to one of the most generous and kind people I know." It sounds like he is smitten with his better half!


text:
Search the EPC Site:
About Interchange
What Is Interchange?
History of the Issue
Durbin Amendment
Interchange Settlement
EMV Migration
Payments Innovation
Press Releases/ Statements
About EPC
For EPC Members
EPC Members Applaud Leadership of Reps. Hensarling and Neugebauer on Durbin Amendment Repeal
Electronic Payments Coalition | June 14, 2016
WASHINGTON, D.C. – Members of the Electronic Payments Coalition (EPC)—the American Bankers Association (ABA), Consumer Bankers Association (CBA), Credit Union National Association (CUNA), Financial Services Roundtable (FSR), Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA), National Association of Federal Credit Unions (NAFCU)—today sent a joint letter to House Financial Services Chairman Hensarling (R-TX) and Representative Randy Neugebauer (R-TX) in support of their efforts to repeal the Durbin Amendment.
The letter highlights the negative impact the amendment has had on consumers and financial institutions nearly five years after the legislation went into effect. Rep. Neugebauer's bill, H.R. 5465, comes one week after Chairman Hensarling included repeal of the Durbin Amendment's in his June 7th speech unveiling the Financial CHOICE Act.
"The bottom line is this amendment introduced price-fixing to a formerly functional and competitive marketplace and failed to keep the dubious promises made to sell it—ultimately hurting customers," the groups write.
Despite promises from retail groups that the additional revenue from the price controls would be passed on to consumers in the form of lower prices, studies confirm customers are not seeing savings at the register. Meanwhile, financial institutions, including community banks and credit unions intended to be exempt from this law, are under undue financial stress from the costly and burdensome provisions included in the law.
The letter continues, "It is now clear that the only way to reverse the damaging impact on financial institutions of all sizes and customers is to repeal the Durbin amendment in its entirety."
View the letter on EPC's website here.
Press Releases/Statements	Durbin Amendment, H.R. 5465


How can I contact Beverley Knight's management team or agent details?
Are you looking to speak with a representative of Beverley Knight? Agent details, along with key contact information, can be found in The Handbook, an online resource for accessing celebrity contact details. Our exclusive celebrity database gives you access to the contact details of Beverley Knight's management team, Publicist details, and full celebrity agent details – giving you the power to talk to them about your forthcoming events and promotional activities. To unlock contact details for Beverley Knight's agent and Beverley Knight's management staff, simply log in or register online today.
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Against Breast Cancer funds pioneering research at the University of Westminster into the re-appearance of breast cancer.
Christian Aid work globally to eradicate the sources of poverty in order to achieve equality among all.
The Little Star awards celebrates the courage of children fighting cancer.


SACRAMENTO, Calif., Aug. 14, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Cedar Point Recovery, Sacramento's leading drug and alcohol treatment facility received its Dual Diagnosis Treatment Provider certification from California Department of Health Care Services.
Following a vigorous evaluation, Cedar Point Recovery has been awarded its dual diagnosis provider certification, and is now able to provide dual diagnosis treatment to individuals suffering from substance use and mental health disorders. With this certification, Cedar Point Recovery continues to offer treatment programs that remain in compliance with state regulations related to substance use and mental health disorders.
The term dual diagnosis is used to describe an individual who been diagnosed with substance use disorder along with a co-existing mental health diagnosis. Because these individuals have multiple disorders, they are more vulnerable to relapse and have unique needs for treatment.
The licensed and highly trained clinical staff at Cedar Point Recovery are available to participants 24/7 and use a multidisciplinary approach to creating customized treatment plans tailored to each participants' unique needs.
Cedar Point Recovery is owned by Sprout Health Group, who is committed to providing excellent participant care at all their Joint Commission accredited facilities, nationwide. Sprout Health Group's CEO, Arel Meister-Aldama says, "We have developed specialized services focused on those suffering from substance use and mental health disorders. We are excited to have been awarded Dual Diagnosis Certification by the California Department of Healthcare Services."
Cedar Point Recovery, located in Sacramento, California is a luxury rehabilitation center for those suffering from drug and alcohol addiction. The facility is staffed with expert clinicians and medical staff with decades of experience in addiction treatment and offers a full range of treatment programs including medical detoxification, residential treatment, and outpatient treatment.
Additional therapy programs include intervention services, family counseling, and aftercare with ongoing monitoring after discharge. Cedar Point Recovery is a Joint Commission Accredited facility and nationally recognized for their proven treatment modalities.
The Licensing and Certification (L&C) Section of the California Department of Health Care Services (DHCS) is responsible for implementing and maintaining a system to assure compliance with state regulations and statutes related to facility licensure and program certification, in a variety of 24-hour psychiatric and rehabilitation care facilities.


text:
Photo by: AP
This is a photo of JJ Watt of the Houston Texans NFL football team. This image reflects the Houston Texans active roster as of Thursday, May 31, 2018. (AP Photo)
Texans star J.J. Watt to serve as Daytona 500 grand marshal
Daytona International Speedway made the announcement Monday, six days before the 61st running of "The Great American Race."
Published: 4:15 PM EST February 11, 2019
Updated: 4:15 PM EST February 11, 2019
DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. (AP) - Houston Texans star J.J. Watt will serve as the grand marshal for the Daytona 500, making him the first NFL player to give the command for drivers to starts their engines before NASCAR's most famous race.
Watt is a three-time NFL Defensive Player of the Year and well known for his charity work with the Justin J. Watt Foundation, which provides after-school opportunities for children. Following Hurricane Harvey in 2017, Watt set a goal to raise $200,000 for recovery efforts in Houston. He ended up raising more than $41 million, helping earn him the Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award.
Country music singer Jake Owen will perform an infield concert before the race. Retired NASCAR star Dale Earnhardt Jr. will serve as the honorary pace truck driver. The 82nd Airborne Division's All-American Chorus will sing the national anthem.


Provide your students with a progressive guide to learning Italian through a thematic approach with Ciao. An excellent supplement to the classroom LOTE program.
This blackline master provides a collection of worksheets suitable for students in Years 4 - 7, covering the topics these students would naturally study in their first few years of Indonesian language study.


Zhijiao Xiao, Jianmin Jiang, Yingying Zhu, Zhong Ming*, Sheng-hua Zhong, Shu-Bin Cai. A solution of dynamic VMs placement problem for energy consumption optimization based on evolutionary game theory, Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 101, 2015: pp 260-272.
Zhijiao Xiao, Zhong Ming. A Method of Workflow Scheduling Based on Colored Petri Nets, Data & & Knowledge Engineering, 70(2), 2011: pp 230-247.
Zhijiao Xiao, Zhong Ming, Jianfei Yin, Optimization of Workflow Pre-Scheduling Based on Nested Genetic Algorithm, 2010 International Conference on Multimedia and Information Technology, Kaifeng, China, April 24-25, 2010, pp 294-297.
Zhijiao Xiao, Zhong Ming, Jianfei Yin. Role-oriented Workflow Modeling Based on Object Petri Net[C]. In: Proceedings of the International Conference for Young Computer Scientists, 2008: pp 837-843.
Zhijiao Xiao, Huiyou Chang, Sijia Wen, Yang Yi, Atsushi Inoue. An Extended Meta-model for Workflow Resource Model[J]. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 4092, 2006: 525-534.
Zhijiao Xiao, Huiyou Chang, Yang Yi. Optimization of Workflow Resources Allocation with Cost Constraint[J]. LNCS on CSCW in Design III, 2006.


text:
Melica es un género de plantas herbáceas perteneciente a la familia de las poáceas. Es originaria del norte templado, Sudáfrica y Sudamérica.

Descripción
Son plantas perennes. Hojas con limbo plano o convoluto. Panícula simple o compuesta, con nudos distantes. Panícula con ramas primarias semiverticiliadas, laxa o densa. Espiguillas con 1 o 2 flores fértiles, y 2-3 lemas terminales muy próximas formando un cuerpo piriforme estéril. Espiguillas con 2 glumas. Glumas casi tan largas como las flores, con 5 nervios, membranosas. Lemas más o menos coriáceas, con dorso redondeado y con 7-12 nervios. Androceo con 3 estambres. Cariopsis fusiforme, negruzca, brillante.

Taxonomía
El género fue descrito por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 1: 66–67. 1753.
Etimología
Melica: Nombre genérico que es un antiguo nombre italiano para el sorgo.
Citología
El número de cromosomas es de: x = 9. 2n = 14 (raramente), o 18, o 36. 2 y 4 ploidias. Cromosomas "bastante grandes". Nucléolos desaparecen antes de la metafase.

Especies

Véase también
 Terminología descriptiva de las plantas
 Anexo:Cronología de la botánica
 Historia de la Botánica
 Características de las poáceas

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
 Darke, R. 1999. Color Encycl. Ornam. Grasses 1–325. Timber Press, Portland.
 Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2006. Fl. China 22: 1–733. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
 Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. (ed. 2) 1–1051. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
 Scoggan, H. J. 1978 [1979]. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Monocotyledoneae. 2: 93–545. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.
 Soreng, R. J. 2003. Melica. In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48: 432–450.
 Soreng, R. J., G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, E. J. Judziewicz, T. S. Filgueiras & O. Morrone. 2003 and onwards. On-line taxonomic novelties and updates, distributional additions and corrections, and editorial changes since the four published volumes of the Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae) published in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. vols. 39, 41, 46, and 48. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/CNWG:. In R. J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, T. S. Filgueiras, E. J. Judziewicz & O. Morrone Internet Cat. New World Grasses. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Imágenes en Google
 Global Biodiversity Information Facility
 Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2006 en adelante). Melica. En: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora (consultado el 9 de marzo de 2010)

Melica


HOUSTON - On Oct. 13, Houston City Council approved a fleet consolidation plan to achieve $21.8 million in fleet savings. The plan includes the creation of a Fleet Management Department.
A fleet management consolidation update was presented to Houston City Council by CST Fleet Services in early October, outlining the steps needed to achieve the estimated savings.
The plan recommends a reduction of the city's 13,659-unit fleet; closure of about two-thirds of the city's 99 fueling facilities, most of which are low-use; and use of a strategic vehicle parts partnership (SVPP) for parts inventory.
The city's 29 maintenance facilities will be reduced to 11-15 facilities. Fleet support staff will be cut from 152 to 64, although the number of mechanics will remain at around 250. A second shift will be added to all facilities (currently, only six facilities have a second shift), allowing major vehicle maintenance to be done during this time and leaving working hours available for emergency service repairs. Two to three facilities may be targeted for a third shift. Work bays will decrease from 277 to 209, but second and third shifts will increase bay hours to 19,680, up from 15,400.
Take-home vehicle fees will be implemented or increased. Take-home vehicles number at 736 for municipal employees and 900 for police personnel, who pay $75 per pay period for personal use. Police fees may increase for take-home vehicles to $105 per pay period, and one of the options being considered is charging the same $105 fee to city personnel using take-home vehicles.
The six-phase plan is set for two years, to be completed by the end of FY 2012. The first phase has already started and includes the closure of 44 minimally-used fuel sites, in addition to other measures.
The hiring of a fleet manager for the new Fleet Management Department is still being finalized, according to the mayor's office.
During the first six months of fiscal-year 2019, the City of Peoria, Ariz.'s diesel and unleaded fuel costs were about 12% higher than projected the year before.
Marin County will install a new fuel system to better track usage and improve safety at its eight fueling sites.
Troup County, Ga., is starting a six-month trial period to see if using fleet fuel cards to replace its outdated county fuel center will result in cost savings.
The business mileage reimbursement rate for 2019 increased 3.5 cents to 58 cents on Jan. 1 after two years of minimal change, the Internal Revenue Service announced late last year.
The Oxford County (Maine) Sheriff's Office's fuel cards were deactivated after the county missed a bill payment.
Although some of the City of Memphis' gas pumps automatically tracked fuel usage, others depended on manual logs, and not all manual logs were kept up to date.
A former Augusta County, Va., supervisor was charged with using a fleet fuel card for more than $4,000 in personal fuel purchases.
The fuel card specialist is looking for ways to reduce data overload for fleet managers as it deepens its expertise through acquisitions and an expansion.
The State of Nebraska will run 50 state vehicles on a 30% ethanol blend to see how the fuel performs in conventional engines.
Hurricane Florence swept through several parts of the eastern U.S. last week, causing extensive damage and flooding. And when natural disasters hit, fuel is a common concern.
© 2019 Government Fleet. All Rights Reserved.


I don't know about you, but when I hear the words "salt mines" I'm hardly filled with excitement. That's why the first time I visited Krakow, I dismissed Wieliczka as a boring day trip for nerds and squares. However, I would soon live to regret my mistake.
Back in August, my boyfriend and I took the train to Manchester to see Morrissey. We knew we wanted to check out the Northern Quarter and chow down on some tasty vegan food. But, if you'd have told me my highlight of the day would have been a trip to the library, I wouldn't have believed you.
When we woke up on our fourth and final day in the Big Apple, we were all too aware that we only had a few more hours to enjoy this magnificent metropolis. So, we decided we'd have to make the most of them.
By our third day in New York, normal service had well and truly resumed following the blizzard. So, we took the tourist boat to the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island. You are able to get off the boat at Liberty Island, but we chose to see the statue from the boat.
On our second day, we arose bright and early to seize the day. The snow was beginning to melt by now, so most of the city was back on the go. So, we grabbed a bagel for breakfast and headed to St Patrick's Cathedral.
"All non-emergency vehicles must be off all NYC roads by 5 pm until further notice." Looking around the practically deserted Met, it was clear to see the automated emergency alert caused by Storm Jonah had sent a panic around the building.
Autumn at Otley Chevin, Leeds.
Located just 10 miles north-west of Leeds City Centre lies Otley Chevin. However, when we visited in autumn, it felt like a million miles away. The forest boasted a warming palate of orange, yellows and browns. And, just like when Dorothy first entered Oz, the forest seemed to transport us from black and white into technicolour.
Roseberry Topping watches over Teesside like a big friendly giant. For those, like me, who grow up in the area, its crooked peak signifies childhood days in the country. And, when we return home, no matter how long we've been away, its distinctive silhouette on the horizon acts likes a familiar face welcoming us home.
As far as European capitals go, I found Berlin to be one of the most affordable places I've been to. However, if you're keen to keep your expenses to a minimum, here's how to do Berlin on a budget.
I really wasn't planning to write a whole blog post about eating out in Kotor. But, when I started writing my main Montenegro story I realised we'd been treated to loads of great food. So much so, I decided to do this stand alone piece. So, without any further ado, let me introduce my recommended eats in Kotor.


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Anti-evolution, Creationism, Evolution, Evolution denial
Where Do Creationists Come From?
Why are people creationists? Like most of my colleagues at NCSE, I get that question a lot. Chris Mooney recently summarized some of the psychological research relevant to that question in a recent post at Mother Jones. "Our brains," he writes, "are a stunning product of evolution; and yet ironically, they may naturally pre-dispose us against its acceptance." Why? Because evolution contradicts many of our intuitions and cognitive biases. He lists seven major factors:
essentialism: that each species is utterly distinct from all others
teleology: that things exist for a grand purpose, while evolution does not entail any such purpose
hyperactive agency detection: seeing a conscious intent behind the arbitrary and thoughtless events around us (faces in clouds, the dice being against us, a giraffe's neck stretching so it can reach inaccessible food)
mind-body dualism: that thought and consciousness are distinct from our physical form
inability to comprehend vast time scales
group identity: protecting one's place in a (religious) community, which sometimes requires rejecting evolution
avoidance of uncertainty and doubt: being asked to think about death or causes of uncertainty in one's life makes people less likely to accept evolution, and increases religiosity.
In short, a lot of the same processes that predispose people towards religion also predispose people to being skittish about evolution. Or at least that's true of Americans, the subjects (I believe) of all the studies cited.
But Americans are weird about evolution. Reviewing research on a standard science literacy questionnaire, a National Science Foundation workshop in 2011 reported:
Nick Allum showed…that the evolution item is more "difficult" in the US than in the UK (that is, one needs to have a higher level on the knowledge scale in order to answer it correctly). It is also a relatively weak discriminator for overall science literacy in the UK, but a much stronger one in the US.
A 2006 analysis of international attitudes towards evolution, published by Jon Miller, NCSE's Genie Scott, and Shinji Okamoto in Science, found that religion was far less important in explaining differences in evolution-acceptance in European countries than in the US (where it, along with educational attainment, is the dominant predictor of anti-evolution sentiment).
This isn't totally surprising. The creationist movement was born in America, and as Michael Lienesch observes in In The Beginning, it operates as a core component of the fundamentalist movement, a key marker of religious and political identity. I'd expect to see different results from several of the tests Mooney describes if they were run in other countries without that ninety-year history of creationist identity politics. America's history, especially post-Scopes but also going back to our frontier mentality, the competition between religious denominations unfettered by a state church, and the quirks of our hyper-local educational system, surely play major roles in explaining why creationism emerged here and remains such a politically potent force.
Which brings us to Jerry Coyne's response to Mooney's report. Coyne is an eminent evolutionary biologist, but his dabblings in social science are far less impressive. He sees Mooney's article as an attempt to "downplay religion as a cause of creationism," even though, as Jason Rosenhouse observes, Mooney's argument links creationism and religion throughout:
I don't know what article Jerry read. I don't see how Mooney could have been clearer that he thinks religious belief tends to make one hostile towards evolution. As Jerry notes, it's right there in the subtitle. The juxtaposition is also pretty obvious from the article's introduction.
But Coyne has an agenda. He doesn't want to conclude that anti-evolutionism and religion are both driven by innate biases that the human brain evolved over the generations. He wants to conclude that religion qua religion makes people reject science, and therefore is bad. To do that, he wants to toss out the empirical work Mooney cites, work focusing on how individuals respond predictably to certain stimuli that make religion appealing and evolution less so. He instead focuses on a correlation among nations.
There are several problems here. First, correlation is not causation, so the empirical correlation he observes is not really at odds with the more detailed model Mooney is proposing. The empirical correlation could mean Coyne's "religion is teh suxx0rs" model is right, but it could also mean that religiosity and anti-evolution attitudes are driven by a shared, underlying factor. Second, he's trying to use national trends to explain individual beliefs. This is called "ecological correlation," and introductory statistics books all spend some time explaining how this can go astray.
Here's a recent example, and it involves cats, so Coyne may like it. Cats are known to carry a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. The parasite's life cycle also takes it through mice and rats (via ingestion of cat feces, or other food contaminated by cat feces), who get eaten by cats and thus complete the cycle. In rodents and humans, the parasite enters the brain, and may change the behavior of the host, making them less fearful and risk-averse. Toxoplasma infections can cause severe brain problems in developing fetuses, and pregnant women are urged to steer clear of cats and cat feces as a result. Some researchers wondered whether cat ownership might cause other brain problems in adult humans, and they found a correlation between national rates of Toxoplasma infection and national rates of brain cancer. But a look at 600,000 British women over 50 found no difference in brain cancer rates between those who own cats (and are thus more likely to be exposed to the parasite) and those who don't (cheers to ScienceNOW for the story). The correlation between nations may well be real, but it isn't any more meaningful than the fact that countries which consume more chocolate win more Nobel Prizes per capita. In both cases, broader cultural factors are probably at work, including correlations between disposable income to buy treats and national investment in research infrastructure, and correlations between economic and medical development with changes in pet ownership and rural lifestyles.
Correlation is not causation, and ecological correlation is not reliable. Ecological correlation is especially unreliable when the relationship between the variables changes between aggregated units (nations, in this case). And as discussed above, the relationship between religion and attitudes toward evolution does differ between nations. In particular, Miller, Scott, and Okamoto's results compared individuals within nations and found that the effect of religiosity varied; Coyne used their national data to build his ecological correlation, even though the paper's own analysis shows why that's inappropriate.
Coyne's idea that religion qua religion makes people anti-evolution is also less explanatory than the approach Mooney takes. If religion inherently makes people anti-evolution, then we need some special explanation for people like Francis Collins or Ken Miller or the 13,000 US Christian clergy who have endorsed evolution as fully compatible with their faiths. Nor does it explain the large and persistent differences in evolution acceptance among members of different faiths. On the other hand, if certain personality traits predispose people towards rejecting evolution and towards certain sorts of religions, that would generate testable predictions about the religions that would be the most anti-evolution, and the religions that are most friendly toward evolution. It even would suggest ways to reduce that conflict, both in how we present evolution and how religious communities discuss topics like teleology and, dualism, and how evolution-acceptance relates to group identity.
To really understand what drives individual beliefs and behaviors, national correlations aren't enough, we need to talk about individual traits. That's what the studies Mooney cites do, and anyone who wants to dispute those results should do so with comparable data.
(-) Remove Anti-evolution filter Anti-evolution
(-) Remove Young-earth creationism filter Young-earth creationism


Gratitude is where it is at.
Be reminded of what you have, where you are, who you are.
Let this keychain be your reminder to see it all and acknowledge it all because if you want more...you must be grateful for what you already have.


The TaxTheRichDotName e-mails evolved as an effort to draw attention and popularize the authors view of a quick and easy solution to the problem of income disparity and the distribution of wealth in the United States today. Specifically, that solution is to obviate the need for all of Marxist (both sides, communist and capitalist) idealism and all of aristocratic excess via movement to tax the ric… h thoroughly, profoundly, repeatedly, and punitively via the vote until the wealthy sit up straight, fold their hands on the table, admit they were wrong, apologize, and put the money bank. Votes, not money, move the US system, and voters, not the wealthy, are the true authority. There is no need to kill the aristocrats and no need to oppress the poor. All that is required is to tax the rich.


text:
from test_helper import failed, passed, get_file_output, test_is_not_empty

def test_output():
    output = get_file_output()

    answers = ['Hello', 'Beam', 'It', 'is', 'awesome']

    if all(num in output for num in answers):
        passed()
    else:
        failed("Incorrect output. Break each sentence into words.")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test_is_not_empty()
    test_output()


Getting a reliable locksmith might be a tricky task to some people. To any person that is careful all the same, getting the right locksmith can be an easy task. It is upon you to select the best locksmith as you need to note that there are a lot of locksmiths that are in the market today. Take your time and look out for the most reliable locksmith and in the end, you will have an assurance of getting the best locksmith. You only need to have enough of your time in place, and it will be a possible thing for you to get the most appealing locksmith.
The license of the locksmith is one point you need to confirm on as you look for the best locksmith. A license is one best thing that will show you of legal business. For you to be sure of this bit of licensing, you need to ask the locksmith of the certification. Any locksmith that has a license will be ready to show you the evidence and therefore, you need to be confident in this bit. Any locksmith that fails to show you a proof of the licensing need to be eliminated as there are high chances he is not legal.
The price quotation is yet a point you need to ask out for. As you get out to the market to search for the best locksmith, you will note that there are variations in this bit of cost. There are the locksmiths who have high charges and others low charge. Here, you need to identify the locksmith that has the best services and at the same time a cost that is easy for you to pay. You need to do away with any choice of the locksmith with high-cost charges.
Any locksmith that is reputable needs to be your option. Locksmith have variations whenever you think of their reputation. There are the locksmith with the best reputation out the quality services they offer. Always deal with any locksmith with a positive reputation. Any locksmith that has a poor reputation needs to be eliminated as he might disappoint you with the services he offers to you.
A reliable locksmith needs to have excellent customer service. You need to understand that not every locksmith you come across can serve you excellently. You need to be cautious about this point, and you will have an assurance of getting the right locksmith. By having this point in mind, you will have great courage on the services of the locksmith.


text:
About VSK
VSK Work
Who is Von Suckow?.
Von Suckow Trading Group (VSK) is a Consulting Firm with International Reach, our main Area of Operations is in Brazil and the United States of America, but we also serve companies in south and central America, our clients are Companies in the Military and Homeland Security Industry that require access to our market research data and expertise to promote and adapt their products or solutions to the end-user needs.
We Craft Elegant Solutions with Powerful Technology
Our extensive and lifelong relationship with a widest range of manufacturers, developers, Integrators, trainers, and Inventors. Gives us not only advantage but also the tip of the spear characteristic that identify VSK in the DEFENSE & HOMELAND SECURITY world since 1982, providing our clients the best of the best and the 100% Reliable next generation solution, Thought and Created with input directly from Active and Former End-Users of all Equipment, Tools and ordinance, used now in the most Advanced Military powers in the World.
Our Customers Come First
As all of our Staff and our Founder Mr. Vinicius Bocaiuva, we are former end-users, and as being so, we do understand better than anybody, the priority our clients require and deserve, most importantly we understand, Mission Critical Importance, World Security in today's unique landscape and challenges, there for we made our Life Mission and Resolve to put our clients in our top priority status.
Hans Wilhelm Von Suckow (Major. Von Suckow - Prussian Army)
Von Suckow History and Heritage.
Major Hans Wilhelm Von Suckow [pronounced /von-sue-ko/] was born August 28th 1797 in the Castle of Warin, in the Duchy of Macklenburg, Prussia. Major Von Suckow was raised in a Military Family who dedicated themselves to the service of the Prussian Army, and the Breed and Creation of the Mecklenburgers Horses (later imported by the Imperial Government of Brazil.) Mecklenburgers, prior to World War II, were all-purpose utility horses and used primarily for the cavalry, transport, and agriculture.
Major Von Suckow was a German Military Officer and Entrepreneur. In 1815, at the age of 18, he participated in the Battle of Waterloo, where he led a battalion with the forces of Marshal Blücher. Retired as a Lieutenant of the Prussian Army, he emigrated to Brazil in 1824 under contract with the Brazilian Army, where he served in the Foreign Corps and the Second battalion Grenadier, based in Sao Bento Monastery in Rio de Janeiro. Involved in a duel, he was arrested for several months. Acquitted and released, he was then promoted to Major and due to his attributes, was transferred to the General Staff of the Imperial Army to serve as a military instructor. He was later retired from the Foreign Corps as a Major.
Major Von Suckow then adopted the name João Guilherme de Suckow; translating his own name into Portuguese Hans= João and Wilhelm=Guilherme, which means John William of Suckow. He remained in Rio and created a business of carriages and horses, where he imported, manufactured and rented carriages, and ultimately monopolized the transport service in the area. Although he made a fortune with his carriage business, the racing of horses was his ruling passion. He was an active participant in the founding of three racing clubs in Rio de Janeiro: The Racing Club in 1847; The Jockey Club Fluminense in 1854, and The Jockey Club in 1868, which has been Rio's premier racing organization ever since. Even today, a week before the Grand Prix Brazil, a race is held at The Jockey Club in honor of Major Von Suckow. Major Von Suckow died in Rio de Janeiro, on January 07, 1869, sadly without watching the first race at The Jockey Club.
Rio de Janeiro's Jockey Club - GP Major Suckow
Von Suckow Modern History.
Mr. Vinicius Bocaiuva
Mr. Vinicius Bocaiuva, a descendant of Major Von Suckow, carries forward his esteemed heritage and founded The Von Suckow Group (VSK) in Brazil. VSK was formed to bring together marketing efforts for the International defense industry to meet a wide range of requirements driven by military end-users. Mr. Bocaiuva's Naval and Engineering background was well suited for such an endeavor.
Through decades of experience and relationships, VSK provides privileged access for companies delivering goods and services to the military and other government agencies. VSK's expertise is also applied to its military project management services which has covered a diverse scope of projects such as meteorology; oceanography; systems for surface vessels; underwater warfare; simulators; training programs; general aviation systems; weapons & electronic systems; remote sensing and military satellite programs.
Our Promise to You. The Best
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The Zoological Survey of India
The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) is the premier taxonomic research organization in India. It was established on 1 July 1916 to promote surveys, exploration and research leading to advancement of our knowledge of various aspects of the exceptionally rich animal life of India. The ZSI had its genesis as the Zoological Section of the Indian Museum at Calcutta in 1875. Since its inception, the ZSI has been documenting the diversity and distribution of the fauna of India towards carrying out its mandate of conducting exploration-cum-taxonomic-research programmes. The ZSI has published an extremely large amount of information on all animal taxa, from Protozoa to Mammalia. This information is a boon to researchers, students, conservation managers and amateur naturalists.
The ZSI has ushered in the era of digitisation with an ambitious archives project, encompassing all its published documents (more than 200,000 pages of printed material). This large body of information is now available as a text-searchable, easily accessible digital archive. All the volumes published by the ZSI have been digitised using state-of-the-art technology and software. These publications have been electronically restored and can be downloaded in the Portable Document Format (PDF) or viewed in the DjVu format (DjVu plugin should be installed for which the 'Get DjVu' link in the sidebar can be used. DjVu format is not supported in Google Chrome browser and hence 'Download (PDF)' links may be used.) They can be searched fully with different search filters. Text searches can be made across all publications or restricted by the user to any particular publication, year, author, taxon, etc.
The digital archive of the publications of the ZSI represents a very valuable resource for research on Indian fauna.
Records of the Indian Museum and Records of the Zoological Survey of India
The Records of the Indian Museum served as a vehicle for publishing zoological research articles even before the establishment of the ZSI. At one time, it was the only journal for publishing taxonomic research papers, descriptions of new species, new records, revisionary studies, etc. for scientists of the ZSI. The first issue was published in 1907. After India's independence, the ZSI published 88 issues of the Records of the Indian Museum in 21 volumes. After 1962, the journal was renamed the Records of the Zoological Survey of India.
The Records of the Zoological Survey of India is a quarterly in-house journal now. It is a medium for zoological communications related to taxonomy, faunistics, biology, ecology and populations of all taxa. Since 1947, 168 issues of the Records of the Zoological Survey of India have been published in 67 volumes.
Memoirs of Indian Museum and Memoirs of the Zoological survey of India
The Memoirs are for publishing works on the systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of a group of animals or of groups of animals occurring in an ecologically defined area and any other work of a monographic nature. It is an occasional publication, brought out depending upon the availability of material. It was started in 1907, before the establishment of the ZSI. After India's independence, the ZSI has eight issues of the Memoirs of the Indian Museum in two volumes.
After 1968, the name was changed to Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India. Since 1947, 31 issues of the Memoirs of the Indian Museum/Memoirs of Zoological Survey of India have been published in eight volumes.
This series is used to publish under a separate cover findings related to particular topics and animal groups, district faunas, checklists and other lengthy taxonomic research papers that cannot be accommodated in the Records of the Zoological Survey of India. Publication of this series began in 1976, and so far 335 numbers have been published.
Fauna of British India and Fauna of India
91 volumes of 'Fauna of British India' on different groups were published before independence. This programme was reoriented in 1975 as 'Fauna of India'. Since then 52 volumes have been published.
Under this Series, a consolidated and up-to-date Taxonomic/systematic account of different groups of animals, based on detailed studies, are undertaken by the Scientists of eminence, who have worked on that group for more than 2 decades. The fauna volumes provide identification keys and distribution ranges of the species and genera belonging to a particular animal group. These volumes not only provide an inventory of the various taxa of that animal group within Indian region but also their distribution in whole of Asia and the World.
ZSI headquarters in collaboration with its 16 Regional Centres located in various parts of the country has undertaken intensive and extensive survey programmes on the faunal resources of various States of India and collected and documented the baseline data. The first of the series: State Fauna of Orissa was published in 1987. These published documents on fauna have been realised to be highly useful not only to the research workers but also to the state governments to assess/monitor the faunal wealth of their states. The faunal documents also help in EIA works/study as the base line data. The State Fauna series of the 20 States have been published; survey, study and documentation of the fauna of other 4 states are being completed; and the Survey and faunal inventorying works of 3 states are in progress.
This series of publication was started to survey, study and document the fauna of reserve forests of our country in order to suggest the conservation measures based on the monitoring and inventorying works. The Fauna of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve was the first published in the series in 1987. So far 44 publications have been brought out under this series.
The series was started in the year 1992 to study the different ecosystems of the country viz. Estuarines, Wetlands, Himalaya, Marine, etc. The survey/ exploration, study and documentation of the faunal resources of many more ecosystems are yet to be undertaken under this programme. A total of 23 publications have been published as listed below:
A) Estuarine Ecosystem Series (First Published in 1992); 6 books
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The 'Handbook series' publications are identification manuals of major groups of animals with keys and illustrations. The handbooks are important tools to help in distinguishing and identifying the species of different animal groups. Pictorial handbooks with colour photographs were also published for common people to generate interest towards fauna of the country. The first handbook on Indian Thysanoptera was published in 1980. So far 48 handbooks have been brought out.
ZSI has been publishing special publications on proceedings of symposia, seminars and workshops, etc., conducted by the Survey, and books of important and valued nature. The publishing of special publications was started with the first book 'State of Art report – Zoology' brought ou in 1980. 45 publications have so far been published under this series, some of which are as important as the ones like: Faunal resources of India, Red Data Books, Environmental Awareness, Ecosystems of India, Geo Spatial Atlas of Birds of Rajasthan, etc.
The publication of this series was started with an aim to survey and monitor the status of critically endangered species and threatened species of India. So far 11 documents on status of animals have been published.
Transfer of the Survey to the Department of Environment made it necessary for the activities to be more elaborative, with the inclusion of the applied nature of works also, and the results are published under this series. Its publishing was started in the year 1978, and was discontinued in the year 1987 during which 17 monographs were published.
It is a semi-popular journal for publishing accounts of the general nature of faunal resources, conservation of wildlife, etc., on the basis of work done at the Survey. This journal was started in the year 1978 and, after publishing 5 volumes, was discontinued in the year 1990.
Bulletin of Zoological Survey of India
This journal started in the year 1978 as a house journal was meant to cater to the growing diversity in zoological research undertaken in the Survey. The journal provided the researchers opportunities to publish the short-length papers, or communications of the research findings, especially to facilitate the quick and easy publication of new taxa, records and other findings. Till it was discontinued in the year 1987, 8 volumes, each in three parts, were published.
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Glaciers, Volcanoes, Waterfalls, Geysirs, Fire and Ice - It's all here.
7 Glacier Lagoon Fantastic image of the Aurora Borealis above the Glacier Lagoon - september 14, 2015.
19 Jokulsarlon Glacier Lagoon James Bond's movie "Die another day" had some shootings here.


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Summer time can be daunting especially with children in the house. The rising mercury will keep the children indoors and there are only so many games that children's can play indoors if you do not allow them use of computers and mobile phones. Here is a list of 10 activities that you can look forward to doing this summer.
Nurture your child's curious mind by indulging in some weekend baking therapy. Whip up a nice cake or some cookie batter and get the oven going. People will know you have something special going on just from the smell from your kitchen!
Not the traditional forts built by rulers but a fort built for the little kings and queens in your house. Use cardboard or pillows & blankets and for added excitement put some festival lights inside and order a pizza. It is like having a picnic in the comfort of your home.
While we are on the topic of picnics, why not just has one. Get your family up and running early in the morning, get a nice picnic basket ready, choose a nice spot, preferably near a stream of water, spread out and have a relaxing day. You can carry on a good book while your kids play around. Fun for everyone!
Take a break from your hectic lives and treat your kids and yourselves to a day filled with fun and games, also summer is the best time of the year to take part in some fun filled water sports activities!
Spend a leisure weekend with a bonfire in the backyard. Huddle around with your children and share snacks while telling stories. You can also involve your children's friends into the party.
Inculcate the feeling of self-sufficiency in your children by teaching them the importance of growing their own food. You may not be able to start a farm with all the fruits and vegetables you need, but you can certainly start a small garden in your backyard or balcony and grow useful herbs and other small flowering plants.
Another activity worthy of letting your kids pursue is swimming. It is a wonderful form of exercise and also immense fun which has attracted people of all ages since time immemorial.
Take a day out trip to the nearest beach and introduce your kids the lost of art of sand castle making. Any old bucket will do the trick and the children will be thrilled to bits by the activity.
Summer is just around the corner… well at least in India.
So get cracking and start planning.
Make this summer unforgettable for you and your entire family!
Leave a comment and let us know how you plan to spend your vacations if you have any other ideas..!


text:
Sims és una població dels Estats Units a l'estat d'Illinois. Segons el cens del 2000 tenia una població de 273 habitants.

Demografia
Segons el cens del 2000, Sims tenia 273 habitants, 102 habitatges, i 77 famílies. La densitat de població era de 87,8 habitants/km².

Dels 102 habitatges en un 34,3% hi vivien nens de menys de 18 anys, en un 52% hi vivien parelles casades, en un 19,6% dones solteres, i en un 24,5% no eren unitats familiars. En el 17,6% dels habitatges hi vivien persones soles el 6,9% de les quals corresponia a persones de 65 anys o més que vivien soles. El nombre mitjà de persones vivint en cada habitatge era de 2,68 i el nombre mitjà de persones que vivien en cada família era de 3.

Per edats la població es repartia de la següent manera: un 27,8% tenia menys de 18 anys, un 7,7% entre 18 i 24, un 34,1% entre 25 i 44, un 20,9% de 45 a 60 i un 9,5% 65 anys o més.

L'edat mediana era de 32 anys. Per cada 100 dones de 18 o més anys hi havia 93,1 homes.

La renda mediana per habitatge era de 22.083 $ i la renda mediana per família de 21.625 $. Els homes tenien una renda mediana de 22.222 $ mentre que les dones 13.542 $. La renda per capita de la població era de 10.870 $. Aproximadament el 28,6% de les famílies i el 31% de la població estaven per davall del llindar de pobresa.

Poblacions més properes
El següent diagrama mostra les poblacions més properes.

Referències

Comtat de Wayne (Illinois)
Viles d'Illinois


text:
Мирослав Гюрятинич (ум.  г.) — посадник новгородский в 1126—1128 и 1135—1136 гг. и псковский 1132—1135 гг.

Посадничество
В 1126 г., согласно Новгородской первой летописи старшего извода, Мирослав Гюрятинич был назначен на новгородского посадника князем Всеволодом Мстиславовичем. Точно неизвестно, когда было это посадничество прекращено, но в 1128 г. новым посадником стал Завид Дмитрович. Считается, что Мирослав стал первым из новгородских посадников, кого выбрали на посадничество в 1126 г. на вече.

В 1132 г. Мирослав стал псковским посадником. Второй раз новгородским посадником он был назначен тем же князем в 1135 г. Будучи новгородским посадником он в 1136 г. приходил мирить киевлян с черниговцами, которое было безуспешным. В том же году умер 28 января.

В Новгородской первой летописи младшего извода существует список новгородских посадников из 89 имён без датировки. Среди упоминаемых посадников записано и имя Мирослава, по счёту стоит двадцатым. В других списках, которые прилагаются к Новгородской четвёртой и Ермолинской летописям, он стоит двенадцатым, идёт сразу после своего отца Гюряты. В «А се рукописание князя Всеволода» упоминается посадник Мирослав, которому было запрещено вмешиваться во внутренние дела церкви св. Ивана. Упоминаемый посадник отождествлялся с Мирославом Гюрятиничем.

Христианское имя
По мнению В. Л. Янина, посаднические печати с христианским именем и изображением св. Иакова могли принадлежать Мирославу Гюрятиничу, тем самым второе имя у него было Иаков.

Семья
Новгородскими посадниками были также другие родственники Мирослава Гюрятинича.
 Гюрята
 Мирослав Гюрятинич
 Прокопий Мирославич
 Якун Мирославич
 неизвестная дочь + Мстислав Ростиславич (князь ростовский)

См. также
 Гюрятиничи-Роговичи
 Список новгородских посадников

Примечания

Литература
 Гиппиус А. А. Скандинавский след в истории новгородского боярства (в развитие гипотезы А. А. Молчанова о происхождении посадничьего рода Гюрятиничей—Роговичей // Slavica Helsingiensia 27, 2006. — C. 93—108.
 Зимин А. А. Рец. на кн.: В. Л. Янин. Новгородские посадники // Советская археология. — 1963. — № 3. — С. 272—279.
 Янин В. Л. Актовые печати Древней Руси X—XV вв. — М.: Наука, 1970. — Т. I. — 326 с.
 Янин В. Л., Зализняк А. А., Гиппиус А. А. Новгородские грамоты на бересте (Из раскопок 1997—2000 гг.). — М.: Русские словари, 2004. — Т. XI. — 288 с.
 Янин В. Л. Новгородские посадники. — М.: МГУ, 1962. — 387 с.

Персоналии по алфавиту
Умершие в 1136 году
История Пскова
Новгородские посадники
Псковские посадники


Hi I am the Other Guy, but you can call me Annan.
by reaching the (52, 5) geohash on 2012-03-30.
by reaching the (52, 5) geohash on 2012-03-30 via GVU line 31.
by meeting CO2, Freeze_XJ, Mennoowh, Wouter, and Eva at the (52, 5) geohash on 2012-03-30.
by crossing the The Netherlands-Belgium border on 2012-04-07 to reach the (51, 4) geohash.
This page was last modified on 7 March 2014, at 20:38.


text:
Analog Science Fiction & Fact Magazine
"The Alternate View" columns of John G. Cramer
The Decline and Fall of the SSC
by John G. Cramer
Alternate View Column AV-84
Keywords: killing superconducting super collider SSC high-energy physics acceleration
Department of Energy Congress bureaucracy
Published in the May-1997 issue of Analog Science Fiction & Fact Magazine;
This column was written and submitted 12/04/96 and is copyrighted ©1996 by John G. Cramer.
All rights reserved. No part may be reproduced in any form without
the explicit permission of the author.
My new hard science fiction novel, Einstein's Bridge (Avon, June-1997), is set in Waxahachie, Texas a few years after the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) comes into operation. I started writing it in 1988, soon after my first novel, Twistor, was completed. My original plan was that the novel would take advantage of the publicity from the construction and operation of the world's largest particle accelerator, the SSC. My wife and I traveled to Waxahachie before the 1989 Boston Worldcon, visited the SSC Office, interviewed SSC physicists, and explored the region. The following year we visited CERN to sample the flavor of a working particle physics facility approximating the SSC in scale. (I was very taken with CERN, and since 1991 I have done my physics research there.)
Unfortunately, when my new novel was almost complete, it was brutally projected into an alternate universe. On October 27, 1993, when the SSC project was 20% finished, two billion dollars had already been spent, and 14.7 miles of the 54 mile oval tunnel to house the machine was already dug, the Congress of the United States voted to terminate the project. Fifteen thousand physicists, engineers, technicians, contractors, and support workers, the vanguard of the most important project in particle physics, found themselves unemployed, in many cases unemployable in their chosen professions.
Einstein's Bridge (so named because until the 1960s wormholes were called "Einstein-Rosen bridges") is a complete rewrite of the aborted SSC novel I had almost finished in 1993. It's about particle physics, wormholes, alien contact, and time travel, and it uses the SSC killing and associated politics as key plot elements. During the background research for this rewrite I developed a view of the root causes of this greatest of scientific disasters. In this Alternate View column I want to give my perspective on what happened to the SSC and what lessons can be learned.
The SSC Project [see in my Alternate View column in the March-1988 Analog] was to have been the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator, the home of experiments that would discover the elusive Higgs boson and other wonders of the micro- universe, the facility that would provide the key data to break the code of Nature's innermost secrets, the machine that would restore the preeminence of the United States of America as the center for high energy physics. The SSC was to be a great technological leap forward, bringing liquid-helium-temperature superconductivity and ultra-high field magnetism to new levels of engineering accomplishment, seeding the advance of technology in such areas as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, electric power transmission, high-speed computing, and efficient energy storage.
Hundreds of young particle physicists with fresh PhDs gambled their futures on the success of the mega-project and gathered in the new SSC buildings springing up in the black-dirt cotton fields south of Dallas to contribute to the heroic effort that would bring high energy physics to a new pinnacle of technical accomplishment and theoretical understanding. Thousands of other physicists looked on these chosen ones with envy, an envy that evaporated in an instant when the project was canceled.
The SSC project rose from the ashes of another canceled accelerator. In 1984 the ISABELLE collider was being built by the Department of Energy (DOE) at Brookhaven National Laboratory and was in deep trouble from two separate directions. First, its giant superconducting magnets didn't work. Second, the very reason for its existence, the anticipated discovery of the Z and W bosons of the weak interaction, had already been accomplished a year earlier by Carlo Rubbia and his UA1 group at CERN.
The leaders of the American high energy physics community huddled with Reagan Administration officials and devised a radical plan: ISABELLE would be canceled and its funds diverted to the design of a new and larger accelerator. The new machine was nicknamed the "desertron" because it would be so powerful and so large that it might have to be built in a desert area with cheap land and low population density.
The DOE created the Central Design Group, based at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in California, to design for the new accelerator. By 1986, the group had produced a "reference design" for the desertron, now renamed the Superconducting Super Collider or SSC. It would have a ring 53 miles in circumference filled with 8,600 superconducting magnets, each having a "bore" of 4 centimeters through which a beam of 20 TeV protons would pass. The cost of the machine was estimated to be around two to three billion dollars.
On January 29, 1987, at the beginning of the semi-final year of the Reagan Administration, the DOE presented its plan for the new SSC project to the President and his cabinet. The price tag was $4.4 billion, quoted in 1988 dollars omitting inflation and the cost of detectors that the new accelerator would need. After the DOE experts had made their pitch, Reagan recalled his days as a sports reporter interviewing a star quarterback whose watchword had been "Throw deep!" This was the advice he gave the DOE regarding the SSC project.
"Mr. President," remarked OMB Director William Miller, "you're going to make a lot of physicists ecstatic."
"That's probably fair," Reagan replied, "because I made two physics teachers in high school very miserable." With that the SSC received its start. Later in 1987 the DOE raised the SSC cost to $5.3 billion after including a small allowance for inflation and $500 million for detectors. The SSC then went into the DOE Budget as an approved project, and its initial phases were funded by an enthusiastic Congress.
When George Bush became President in 1989, the SSC cost estimate, with a more realistic inflation rate, rose to $5.9 billion. This was already 34% above the cost Reagan had announced. Bush chose as his Energy Secretary a spit-and-polish Rickover protege from the Navy's nuclear submarine program, Admiral James Watkins. Watkins' appointment was a disaster for the SSC. His management style, developed with large DOD nuclear submarine construction projects, was exactly wrong, as applied to a cutting-edge scientific project like the SSC. He treated the dedicated physicists and seasoned accelerator engineers of the SSC like crooked shipyard contractors trying to sell the government $5,000 toilet seats. Seeking personal control, he grossly increased the bureaucracy and paperwork associated with SSC oversight. He dismantled the existing SSC management structure, installing people that he trusted in key positions while displacing physicists and experienced accelerator builders from the decision chains. The SSC Program Office in Dallas swelled to one hundred bureaucrats, sixty permanent staffers plus forty more on temporary assignment from elsewhere in the DOE. Roy Schwitters, SSC Director, later characterized the DOE's massive oversight overkill as "the revenge of the C students."
When the SSC became a funded project, the new design team began a careful reexamination of the 1986 reference design of the Central Design Group. This reexamination was done under the close scrutiny of the nit-picking justify-every-step-with-a-paper- trail bureaucracy installed by Watkins. After much agonizing, the design team decided that the SSC design could only be guaranteed to succeed if the magnet bore was increased from 4 centimeters to 5 centimeters. This modification reduced the field of each magnet, and thus required more of them, a longer tunnel to house them, and more construction money.
This design change was carefully reviewed by a group of outside accelerator experts. While a minority report argued for keeping the 4 cm bore, the majority consensus supported the decision to change to a 5 cm bore as the conservative choice which would ensure successful operation of the machine.
A separate group of theoretical physicists, the Drell Panel, considered the option of holding to the old budget by reducing the SSC's operating energy and the physics goals of the project. They rejected this option as unacceptable. The 5 cm magnet design was adopted, and the change raised the price of the SSC to a hotly debated number that stabilized in 1991 at $8.6 billion, a 46% cost increase.
With these rising cost estimates, opposition to the SSC in Congress was surprisingly slow to develop. Even after the official DOE cost rose to $8.6 billion, an attempt in 1991 to kill the SSC project in the House failed by a vote of 165 to 251. However, the climate for expensive projects worsened as the US economy moved into recession in the early 1990s.
It is common wisdom in Washington, D.C., that it is dangerous for a large project to span more than one Administration. Bush was defeated by Clinton in 1992, and the SSC project came to violate this rule and suffer the consequences. In 1993 the incoming Clinton Administration made a budget-tightening decision to stretch out the SSC project, moving its date of completion from 1999 to 2003, increasing the overall cost of the project while reducing its yearly cost. The SSC cost rose to over $10 billion, a 16% cost increase. The budget-conscious freshman Congressmen swept in with with Clinton in November of 1992 felt no responsibility for the decisions of their predecessors, and the SSC project became a tempting target of opportunity.
Clinton's new Science Advisor John Gibbons did not give active support to the SSC project, as had his predecessor, Alan Bromley, and Clinton's new Energy Secretary Hazel O'Leary, now famous for her million dollar travel excursions, proclaimed during her confirmation hearings that she was "not passionate" about the SSC. In September, 1993 when her passions were finally aroused, she took the counter-productive steps of re-shuffling major SSC contractors and increasing the already bloated oversight team to 140 bureaucrats in the Dallas DOE Office. Before the two critical votes in June and October, neither Clinton nor Gore was willing to make personal appeals to House Members on behalf of the SSC, as Bush had in 1992.
The final blow to the SSC came late in 1993 when the DOE's Baseline Validation Report was released. The validation group surveyed the sorry history of SSC cost escalations and concluded that extreme conservatism was needed. Their report advocated much larger safety and contingency margins and moved the completion date back to 2004, increasing the project cost to $11.5 billion or another 15% increase.
With this, rank-and-file members of Congress had had enough. They were fed up with the ever-rising SSC price tag, the evidence of poor management and DOE indecisiveness, and the heavy-handed attempts by Congressional Leadership to save the project. On October 27, 1993, by a vote of 283 to 143 the House rejected the Conference Committee report that would have continued SSC funding. The project was officially dead.
There was, of course, much more to the decline and fall of the SSC than this brief summary, focused mainly on the cost escalation problem, could include. Einstein's Bridge gives a fictionalized but more detailed account.
We must learn from our disasters. Here's my list of lessons from the SSC about future large scientific projects:
(1) For projects of the scale of the SSC, the DOE's "lowball" cost shaving which omitted inflation and detector costs is inappropriate. Cost estimates must be realistic from the start and must be treated as "sacred". If that price is too high, so be it. It would have been better for all concerned if the SSC had never been approved rather than canceled in midstream.
(2) Bureaucratic oversight of scientific projects should be applied with a light hand. Oversight overkill can destroy morale and break the budget of a project, as the SSC case demonstrates.
(3) If expensive major design changes become necessary, as in the case of the 4 cm to 5 cm magnet change for the SSC, the project should go back to Congress for re-authorization and renewed support. Similarly, stretch-outs to reduce budget impact but increase overall cost should only be done with the concurrence of Congress.
(4) Projects of the scale of the SSC should be designed, if possible, to span a single 8 year presidential administration. Incoming presidents feel little responsibility for the expensive initiatives and commitments of their predecessors, particularly if there has been a change of party.
(5) We desperately need some way of funding long-term scientific projects like the SSC with stable funding that is better insulated from the 2-year Congressional election cycle.
Doing good science is difficult enough under the best of circumstances. When politics is added to the mix, it may become impossible.
John Cramer's new book: a non-fiction work describing his Transactional Interpretation of quantum mechanics, The Quantum Handshake - Entanglement, Nonlocality, and Transactions, (Springer, January-2016)
is available for purchase online as a printed or eBook at: http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319246406 .
SF Novels by John Cramer: my two hard SF novels, Twistor and Einstein's Bridge, are newly released as eBooks by Book View Cafe and are available at : http://bookviewcafe.com/bookstore/?s=Cramer .
AV Columns Online: Electronic reprints of about 177 "The Alternate View" columns by John G. Cramer, previously published in Analog , are available online at: http://www.npl.washington.edu/av.
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This page was created by John G. Cramer on 12/12/96.