Tecno Boom J8: Full Review & Cool Extras!
Tecno has recently released Tecno Boom J8, a new cute ultra-thin smartphone that is positioned as a music phone!
The phone's body consists of a metal frame with a glass panel on top and a fingerprint-proof matte plastic back cover. The back cover is soft and pleasant to touch as well as unusual compared to common metal or glass back covers that most smartphones have.
Let's take a closer look at Tecno j8 and some of its secrets!
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Boom j8 is quite sleek with its 7.35 mm width. It's only 0.35 mm thicker than a Huawei P9. It has a metal frame with a whole piece of glass all over its 5.5 inches 720 p HD display.
The clean-cut design and the phone's sleekness make the gadget really cute.
One of the coolest Tecno j8 specifications is its octa-core Mediatek MT6753T CPU clocked at 1.3 GHz and with a Mali-T720 GPU. The GPU is great for smooth gaming while low resolution helps to prolong battery life.
The device also packs 2 GB of RAM and 16 GB of internal storage 128 GB via a microSD slot.
The smartphone operates on Android 5.1 Lollipop with HiOS. The phone handles switching through home screens easily. You can also customize it to your own needs, add themes and use some really cool tricks.
The Boom J8 features a 13 MP main camera and a 5 MP front-facing camera. The back camera shoots videos in full HD at 1080 p and HD 720 p capture modes. It also supports slow-motion video feature at a smooth 120 fps (640 x 480 pixels).
Besides, there's an option to capture an ideal square for your super groovy IG pics.
The audio system packs a Waves MaxxAudio for your perfect favorite tracks playback. Simply adjust the audio output in the presets section. Headphones are quite powerful while the loudspeaker provides a decent balanced sound output with very little distortion and beautiful low-end bass sounds.
Tecno j8 sports a good 3000 mAh battery which is quite enough to last you for almost the whole day even under active usage. The battery may get somewhat warm with heavy usage but it's still cooler than that of most devices available on the market.
swiping to the left will take you to the previous track.
You can also launch an app from a locked screen by pressing letters on the display.
You can assign different functions.
To take a screenshot simply slide 3 fingers down the display.
low cost for such a nice device: Tecno Boom j8 price is only ₦45,000!
the screen responsiveness is poorer with a shatter glass screen protector.
Tecno Boom j8 does have its flaws with the screen and wired audio output but it is a middle-class attractive smartphone with a decent build. It is a perfect choice for everyday tasks and it additionally packs some unusual and cool trendy features that will make using this smartphone an unforgettable experience!
Tecno Boom J8 Review shows the hotly anticipated smartphone running on the new HiOS custom Adroid 5.1 Lollipop software. Key Specs: Tecno Boom J8 OS: HiOS (Based on Android 5.1) Network: 2G/3G/4G LTE Disply: 5.5-inch HD device (1080 x 720) Camera: 13MP at the rear + LED flash | 5MP selfie camera Memory: 2GB RAM + 16 GB ROM Battery: 3000mAh Boom Headset inclusive.
Install free updated Jiji app now – use all the cool benefits of Jiji right from your smartphone!


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https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2014/08/04/on-the-evolution-of-migration.html
Unladen barn swallow. Credit: Katsura Miyamoto (CC BY 2.0)
ScienceNot Exactly Rocket Science
On The Evolution of Migration
By Ed Yong
Every autumn, the swallow may fly south with the sun. It is joined by the house martin, the plover, and hundreds of other species of birds. After spending the summer in temperate breeding grounds, where both daylight and food are plentiful, they head south before both resources fade in the winter. When spring returns, so do these migrants.
Their treks can be epic. The bar-tailed godwit flies from Alaska to New Zealand. The Arctic tern makes a 70,000 kilometre round-trip from one pole to another. Even less ambitious migrations still involve small birds, the size of your hand, crossing whole continents.
Migration evolved from stagnation. The ancestors of these birds stayed in the same place all-year round, and gradually, they shifted either their breeding grounds or their wintering ones. Most scientists believe that the former happened: that tropical birds gradually moved their breeding grounds north, either to chase a glut of summer food or to leave their competitors behind. But some think that the opposite happened: birds in temperate climates gradually moved south to escape the harsh winters.
Fossils would normally help to settle these competing explanations, but small songbirds have tiny, hollow bones that don't fossilise very well. So, Benjamin Winger and Richard Ree from the University of the Chicago used a different approach. They built a mathematical model that uses the ranges of modern birds and their evolutionary relationships to reconstruct the historical ranges of their ancestors. It's a tool for looking at geography, back through history.
They focused on New World emberizoids—an unfamiliar name for a group of extremely familiar songbirds including warblers, sparrows, blackbirds, orioles and tanagers. "They're really familiar birds to birdwatchers and ornithologists," says Winger (providing a great example of nominative determinism). "If you go out during spring migration, these are many of the birds you'll see."
Most of the emberizoids live in the tropical parts of the Americas, and stay there throughout the year. But they also include 120 species of migrants, which travel north in the spring to breed. At first glance, it looks like these birds originated in the tropics and gradually expanded north, supporting the dominant idea. But Winger and Ree found that the opposite scenario was more common. Their model told them that emberizoid migrants were twice as likely to evolve out of North America as out of the tropics.
The team also found that for many species, migration was a gateway drug for a permanent tropical existence. From an all-year life in the north, they started moving south in the winter, until some of their descendants just stayed in the tropics all the time. They cashed in their return tickets for one-way passes and never went back.
"This is something that people have observed at a smaller scale," says Winger. "The barn swallow is a nice example. They breed in North America and winter in the tropics, but there's a population that has begun breeding in Argentina."
Of course, this only tells us about how some birds evolved their long migrations, but not why they did so. That's a topic for another study (and another post; although here's a good primer). But Winger says the how is important. "There are many competing hypotheses for the evolutionary drivers of migration, but they rely on certain patterns of geographic change." By better understanding how those patterns changed, he hopes to bring more clarity about why they did so.
"In some ways, it's intuitive," he adds. "The winter is a pretty harsh place to be, so birds that leave, or evolve the ability to leave, will go on to survive."
Reference: Winger, Barker & Ree. 2014. Temperate origins of long-distance seasonal migration in New World songbirds. PNAS. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1405000111
More on migration:
The Great Herd of Migrating Viruses
Light-detecting backpacks record the complete migration routes of songbirds
British birdfeeders split blackcaps into two genetically distinct groups
Chasing daylight – tiny trackers reveal the incredible flight plans of the Arctic tern
Sharks gone walkabout – how Australian great whites ended up in the Mediterranean

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Celebs With A "Type"
By Charlotte Duck
Victoria's Secret Angels, American footballers, even men named Ryan, these celebrities just can't help falling for the same type of person. Read on and see how many of these you spotted.
Picture Editor: Sandra Waibl
Taylor Swift: Brit boys
Taylor Swift shocked us with the news that she's been secretly dating another Brit boy. This time around her beau, Joe Alwyn, is much younger and not nearly as known as Tom Hiddleston. Meaning it was easier for her to stay away from the limelight and keep this relationship under the wraps (we'll miss the holiday PDA pics and romantic tees though).
The Weeknd: Hot brunettes
Can you blame him? Just look at the gorgeous girls The Weeknd has dated - twinning in red. The Weeknd, real name Abel, and Bella Hadid split in November 2015, after dating for two years. And now he's with another hot brunette, Selena Gomez, and things are definitely hotting-up.
Getty Images / REX Features
Khloe Kardashian: Basketball players
It's a fact: Khloe Kardashian has got a thing for basketball players.
The 32-year-old reality TV star is apparently spending a lot of time with 25-year-old Cleveland Cavaliers player, Tristan Thompson, leading to speculation that they have started dating. This follows her divorce from Lakers star Lamar Odom.
Perrie Edwards: Tall, dark and handsome...
Perrie Edwards was spotted looking cosy with Skins actor Luke Pasqualino earlier in August, and the singer has since confirmed that they're dating. The actor, who has Italian parents, is tall, dark and handsome, a bit like Perrie's ex Zayn Malik. We can't help thinking she has a type... Even *more* weirdly, Zayn revealed in an interview back in 2012 that Luke is the actor he'd like to play him in a movie. Now that could be awks.
Rex/Getty
Gigi Hadid: Edgy popstars
Does Gigi Hadid have a type? We think so... Has anyone else noticed Joe Jonas's recent edgy look? He's switched it up so much that we actually mistook him for his ex-girlfriend Gigi's current beau, Zayn Malik, in this photo. Look: there's the bleached quiffs, casual-cool style, and those dark brown eyes. Both boys are also singers. Yep. It's official.
Leonardo DiCaprio: Leggy Blondes
If you're tall and fair, you've got a pretty good chance when it comes to wooing Leonardo DiCaprio. The actor, who just refuses to settle down, has dated the likes of Gisele Bundchen, Bar Refaeli and is currently with Kelly Rohrbach, who at 5ft 9in is 100% his kinda gal.
Adam Levine: Victoria's Secret Angels
Adam Levine loves a Victoria's Secret Angel. The Maroon 5 singer was with Russian model Anne Vyalitsyna for two years before dating her fellow angel Behati Prinsloo in 2012. He obviously knows when he's found a match made in Heaven and the couple married in 2014.
Jennifer Lopez: Dancers
It's not just the men who have a "type"; Jennifer Lopez looks for a man with moves in her partner. She's fallen for two dancers in the past: Cris Judd, who she married in 2001 and Casper Smart, who she's enjoyed an on-off romance with since 2011.
Madonna: Toy Boys
Madonna isn't an easy one to pin down as she'd dated some of Hollywood's most famous men (Sean Penn and Warren Beatty, we're looking at you). Most recently though, she seems to be drawn to younger men. She romanced dancer Jesus Luz who was 22 when she was 50; and is currently with Timor Steffens who is 30 years younger.
Getty Images/Rex Features
Jessica Simpson: American Footballers
Jessica Simpson loves an American footballer. Following her high profile split with Nick Lachey, the singer turned her attention to the football field, dating Tony Romo for two years before she married Eric Johnson, a retired NFL player.
Jennifer Lawrence: Brit Boys
British boys, you're in luck... Jennifer Lawrence can't seem to resist you! We don't know if it's the accent or the self-deprecating sense of humour but the actress certainly has a soft spot for our boys and counts Nicholas Hoult and Chris Martin among her exes.
Kate Moss: Edgy Musicians
We can't see Kate Moss with anyone other than an edgy, leather-clad singer. Pretty boys just aren't Kate's bag; she likes her men with a bit of flavour and a musical ear: Jamie Hince and Pete Doherty, case in point.
Miley Cyrus: The Boy Next Door
Despite her penchant for swinging on wrecking balls and saucy twerking, Miley Cyrus chooses "safe" boys when it comes to her personal life. Liam Hemsworth and Patrick Schwarzenegger are both your classic all-American boy-next-doors.
Blake Lively: Pretty Ryans
Blake Lively loves a pretty Ryan. The actress had a blink-and-you'll-miss-it romance with Ryan Gosling after they were spotted "devouring" each other at a Blue Valentine after-party in 2010. But it wasn't long until Blake found the Ryan she was meant to be with: she hooked up with Ryan Reynolds the year after.
Ryan Reynolds: Blonde Bombshells
But then Ryan Reynolds isn't averse to a "type" himself. He married stunning blonde Scarlett Johansson in 2008 before switching his attention to Gossip Girl Blake Lively in 2011.
Kate Hudson: Rockers
Kate Hudson is "with the band" or at least her boyfriend is. The actress married The Black Crowes frontman Chris Robinson in 2000 before they split in 2006, but she found love again with Muses' Matt Bellamy, to whom she was engaged to until December 2014.
Jodie Turner-Smith is set to play Anne Boleyn in this new period drama (and on-set pictures have just been released!)
A new historical drama with a feminist viewpoint.
Skinundated with baffling beauty jargon, ingredients and claims? Decode your product labels with our glow-ssary
Beauty terminology has reached peak confusing.
Move over, hot chocolate bombs! Tea bombs are taking over TikTok and here's how to make one of your own at home
No, you're obsessed with tea bombs.
Black Narcissus and The Fall star, Aisling Franciosi, on becoming a nun, managing her mental health & dealing with 'unhealthy perfectionism'
Black Narcissus is the addictive viewing we needed this Christmas.


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Snickers Unveils Record Breaking 4,700 Pound Candy Bar In Texas
Any candy lover has dreamed of one day getting to devour a candy bar large enough to feed an entire city. Luckily, that dream is now a reality, as Mars Wrigley recently broke the record for largest candy bar with their 4,700 Snickers bar. The candy bar was made to celebrate the brands 90th...
Fort Worth Moves Forward With Plan To Tear Down The Convention Center
Fort Worth is moving forward with the plans to tear down the Fort Worth Convention Center Arena Downtown.
Animal Sanctuary In Texas Allows Guests To Camp With Wolves For $30
Camping outside in the wilderness isn't for everyone. Camping outside in the wilderness with wolves sounds like it's not for anyone. Still, for only $30 those brave enough to sleep with wolves can now do so at a wolf sanctuary in Texas.
Discovery Officially Announces The Launch Date For Chip And Joanna Gaines' New TV Network
After months of delay, Discovery has finally announced the release date for Chip and Joanna Gaines' new TV network, 'Magnolia.' According to Discovery President and CEO David Zaslav, the home and lifestyle brand will launch on October 4.
"Dog Coachella" Is Coming To DFW This Spring
Music festivals are fun, but a day long party dedicated to dogs sounds too good to be true. Luckily an event described as "dog Coachella" is coming to DFW this spring. The Puptopia Festival is a dog centered festival perfect for any K-9 lover.
Meat Loaf Sues Hyatt In Dallas Claiming He Suffered Injuries From Viral Fall From Stage
Back in May of 2019, the internet laughed as video surfaced of singer Meat Loaf falling off the stage at an event in Texas. Well, that viral moment is no laughing matter for the rock icon, as he is now suing hotel operator Hyatt in Texas state court.
ESPN Is Prepping Offer To Pay Tony Romo Big Bucks
NFL free agency is as much as a big deal to players, as it is for some broadcasters. Former Cowboys quarterback Tony Romo has established himself as one of the top NFL color analysts. Romo will be a free agent in a few weeks, his three-year deal with CBS network is set to expire after this season...
New High-Tech Park Coming To Downtown Dallas' West End
The new up and coming high-tech Park is in the works and undergoing construction in Downtown Dallas' West End.
Bill Wisener, The Music Man Died At His Iconic Store Bill's Record
The Dallas music community lost the great Bill Wisener, the longtime owner of Bill's Records.
It's Snowing In Parts Of North Texas!
And people (and pets) are loving it.


But what concerns me is a pattern of delusional tweets and statements from the Tweeter-In-Chief. These include a very large number demonstrably false claims including: Mexicans coming here are primarily rapists and murderers; thousands of people in New Jersey cheered 9/11; climate change is a hoax perpetrated by the Chinese; he never said climate change is a hoax perpetrated by the Chinese; he was against invading Iraq; Obama was born in Kenya; Hillary began the birther movement; Obama and Hillary founded ISIS; there were millions of illegal votes – all for Hillary; and the dishonest news media fails to report terrorist attacks. Each of these statements is either a lie or the product of delusional thinking.
With respect to the immigration EO, Trump is apparently motivated by his delusional belief that without the EO, terrorists are "pouring into our country" from the seven countries named in his order. There is simply no evidence to support this. So the question for the court is whether it can discern a rational basis from an irrational belief. Put another way, if a delusional madman became President, would the President's decisions be immune from review. The answer, one would hope, is no.


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Rebelia surientella är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Charles Théophile Bruand d'Uzelle 1858. Rebelia surientella ingår i släktet Rebelia och familjen säckspinnare. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Säckspinnare
surientella

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Noblemania: Highest known rank on Amazon for "Bill the Boy Wonder"
Highest known rank on Amazon for "Bill the Boy Wonder"
The week after my appearance on NPR (August 2012), I ritualistically checked my Amazon ranking for Bill the Boy Wonder: The Secret Co-Creator of Batman.
It may never go higher. But then there's the thing with Batman. He's a loose cannon. Unpredictable. Could sneak up on you and you wouldn't know it till your front two teeth were whirligigging across the sidewalk.


Mermaid keychain turquoise, 2,90 Fr.
Our mermaid key rings come in the beautiful turquoise color and are perfect for you to have all your keys together. You can carry the Mermaid Key Chain around your neck so you will always have your keys with you and you can not forget or lose them. You can also attach other things like the Mermaid Zipp bag with your swimming pass and your personal belongings. The MJSS key chains look fashionable and stand out in a special way.


Are you looking for a new office location without the commitment of a long term lease or maybe you require a temporary expansion and do not want to vacate your current premises.
Are you looking for a new office location without the commitment of a long-term lease? Maybe your business is booming and you need a temporary expansion solution without having to vacate your current premises? Or perhaps you're after a professional-looking office to hold that important meeting with potential clients? Whatever your requirements, we can provide flexible office spaces to help your business grow.
Titan Storage Solutions offers a range of offices at our many sites across the UK. Whether it's a private office that allows you to concentrate on a delicate project or an open space where teams can work together, we can help.
What's more, we can manage your chosen space, allowing you to maximise the cost efficiency of your business.
Should you wish to find out more or obtain a quote, call us on 0800 644 0018.
Not tied in to long term contracts, leases or a specific size.
Secure 24/7 pin-entry access to the store.
Don't forget, you can also use our secure storage spaces to keep archived files, office furniture or any other items on a short-term or permanent basis, as many of our other business clients do.
Is your office overloaded with documents and files? Save space; take advantage of Titan Storage's archiving and document storage solution.
Is your existing warehousing solution failing to cope with seasonal fluctuations? Like other businesses do you need a more cost-efficient solution to bulk and warehouse storage?
Demands for your goods can fluctuate, so it's hard to decide what storage space you need and when you need it.
Are your meeting rooms fully booked? We have an alternative solution.
We offer a local storage solution for companies who are relocating or looking to carry out a refurbishment.


Mimosa baby Liberty print sweatshirts.
Choose which Liberty fabric to be appliquéd by hand 65% Polyester, 35% ring spun combed cotton.
Machine wash on a low heat.
We do not recommend tumble drying your sweatshirt.
Appliqué can be ironed when dry to flatten out letters/stars to keep your sweatshirt looking as good as new.
Some fraying will occur around the edge of the appliqué over time which is normal.
We suggest trimming off loose threads with small scissors.


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Home / 6 years , 9 years , Aisha , Allegation , child , nine years , Prophet's Married Life , six years / Why Prophet Muhammad married Aisha when she was only 9?
نشرت بواسطة: Waqar Akbar Cheema 8:49 AM في 6 years , 9 years , Aisha , Allegation , child , nine years , Prophet's Married Life , six years 44 تعليقات
The question of Holy Prophet's (PBUH) marriage with Sayyidah Aisha is the one hurled against Muslims in almost every discussion. And it takes much time for people to understand the whole issue only because they fail to understand historical things in their right perspective considering the situation in those particular times. Agreed that a Prophet's deeds should be above any question in all times and this is true indeed, but there are certain things in which change is inevitable subject to valid reasons and Holy Prophet's (PBUH) marriage with Sayyidah Aisha is one such case. One who fails to understand the times and all the factors related to issue in hand can never understand the happenings through the history.
Islamic Law regarding age of marriage:
In Islam there is no fixed age of marriage, whenever a person reaches the age of puberty he or she is fit for marriage. Nikah, the marital contract, may be made earlier but consummation of marriage can take place only after puberty is attained.
The age of maturity through the ages and over the regions:
The wisdom behind Islam not fixing an age is evident, different people reach the age of puberty at different times. And the general trend also varies over the time and across the regions with variant climate conditions. For instance, people living in regions of low altitudes attain puberty earlier then those in high altitudes regions. Similarly people in warm climates attain puberty earlier then those in cold climates. Now keeping all this in mind consider that when Holy Prophet (PBUH) married Sayyidah Aisha while she was nine it was some 1400 years back and it happened in Arabia, a region with relatively lower altitude and hot climate as one of its most salient features.
Leaving all the history aside, even now puberty at nine is no wonderful a phenomenon. Experts now suggest that age 7 (even 6 for some races) and not 8 should be considered precocious (i.e. early) for puberty among girls. Below is a reference that a nine year old Thai girl even became a mother.
Sayyidah Aisha was fit for the marriage, considering the puberty factor and physical bearing:
It is rather erroneous to say that Sayyidah Aisha (RA) was a child bride. She was a grown up girl.
Sayyidah Aisha herself narrates; 'Holy Prophet (PBUH) married her when she was six years old and consummated the marriage when she was nine years old…' (Bukhari, Hadith 4738)
Having known this, let me draw your attention to another saying of Sayyidah Aisha which Al-Tirmidhi has narrated under a Hadith in his collection's Book of Marriage, Chapter 18. It goes as:
Sayyidah Aisha said: 'When a girl is nine years old, she is a woman (meaning, she has attained puberty).' (Tirmidhi, Hadith 1109)
Moreover, through certain narrations we come to know of the fact she was going through her puberty. Modern science testifies that puberty causes hair loss and this is exactly what we read in a Hadith:
Narrated Sayyidah Aisha: "The Prophet engaged me when I was a girl of six (years). We went to Medina and stayed at the home of Bani-al-Harith bin Khazraj then I got ill and my hair fell down…" (Bukhari Hadith 3605)
So this makes it absolutely clear that Sayyidah Aisha's marriage was consummated at an age, she herself says was that of puberty. The general tone of her statement also conveys that it was normal in those times and in that environment.
It also needs to be mentioned that even before the Holy Prophet (PBUH), she was engaged with Jubair bin Mut'am whose parents dissolved the engagement when her family embraced Islam.
All these details kill the argument that Holy Prophet (PBUH) had intimate marital relations with a child, for in that particular sense she was no more a child and she herself testifies that being a nine year old she was a woman then having attained puberty.
Moreover, she was quite healthy and fit. She herself says:
'My mother intended to make me fat to send me to the (house of) the Messenger of Allah (PBUH). But nothing which he desired benefited me till she gave me cucumber with fresh dates to eat. Then I became fat as good (as she desired).' (Abu Dawud, Hadith 3903. Albani classified it as Sahih)
About Sayyidah Aisha playing with dolls etc:
Another issue concerning this marriage is the fact of Sayyidah Aisha playing with dolls and other toys. The question raised is that playing with toys is an innocent child act, and it proves that she was a child when she was married to the Holy Prophet (PBUH). This much is true but the point missed is that Holy Prophet (PBUH) did have an understanding of this fact and he did not expect or force her to behave like his other wives e.g. like aged Sayyidah Sawda (RA). Infact we find that Holy Prophet (PBUH) gave her ample chances to fulfill her desire of playing with her friends and made her feel comfortable.
Sayyidah Aisha narrates: 'I used to play with the dolls in the presence of the Prophet, and my girl friends also used to play with me. When Allah's Apostle used to enter (my dwelling place) they used to hide themselves, but the Prophet would call them to join and play with me.' (Bukhari, Hadith 5665)
Sayyidah Aisha reported: 'By Allah, I remember the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) standing on the door of my apartment screening me with his mantle enabling me to see the sport of the Abyssinians as they played with their daggers in the mosque of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH). He (the Holy Prophet) kept standing for my sake till I was satiated and then I went back; and thus you can well imagine how long a girl tender of age who is fond of sports (could have watched it).' (Muslim, Hadith 1481)
These two narrations show that Holy Prophet (PBUH) did care for the natural urge of his young wife for amusement. And this is also a proof that her marriage at the age of nine did not bar her from the enjoyment craved for at that age.
Holy Prophet (PBUH) consummated the marriage with Sayyidah Aisha when she was nine as she had attained puberty and, as she herself said that at nine a girl is rather a woman, but he did not burden her with tough responsibilities of a wife and provided her ample opportunities to enjoy her age.
This infact shows the wisdom of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) that he did present a role model for all the people to come to care for all the needs of a wife. She married women of all age groups, elder to him like Sayyidah Khadija (RA), of his own age like Sauda (RA), younger but mature of age like Zainab (RA) and much younger like Sayyidah Aisha (RA).
Sayyidah Aisha's marriage and consent issue:
Next comes the issue of her consent. Her nikah, the marital contract, was made when she was six but the marriage was consummated when she was nine. Now had she showed her displeasure about this marriage when she was nine, and thus a woman according to her own testimony, then marriage would haven been null and void, but it never turned up like that. She did not show any such notion and similarly never in her later life did she ever give any such impression. She rather always showed her love for the Holy Prophet (PBUH).
Wisdom behind this marriage:
We know that Sayyidah Aisha (RA) was considered the most learned among the all the Companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The following testifies to this.
Abu Musa al-Ashari says: "Never had we (the companions) any difficulty for the solution of which we approached Aisha and did not get some useful information from her". (Tirmidhi, Hadith 3883. Albani classified it as Sahih)
She narrated some 2210 Ahadith from the Prophet (PBUH) and this was possible only because she lived with him for nine years and that too at a young age when people have a sharp memory and great sense of observation. Then she lived for about 46 years after the death of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and continued to teach the people matters of religion especially those related to household affairs and marital life. No other wife of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) did the similar job that may be compared with her blessed endeavors. This shows the Divine Wisdom for it was not the Prophet himself but Allah that ordained this marriage. She herself reports;
Allah's Messenger (PBUH) said to me, 'You were shown to me twice (in my dream) before I married you. I saw an angel carrying you in a silken piece of cloth, and I said to him, 'Uncover (her),' and behold, it was you.' (Bukhari, Hadith 6495)
Thus do Allah's plans work in a marvelous way!
[The post was last updated on 2/3/2010]
ZIAUDDIN July 3, 2008 at 3:09 PM
WAQAR U HAVE DONE GREAT JOB IN ISLAMIC RESERCH TO REMOVE MISUNDERSTANDING ABOUT ISLAM , ALLAH WILL REWARD U
pursuitof happiness July 7, 2008 at 12:44 PM
great job brother
but more and more of us should read it and try to spread it, in order to remove misconceptions about islam.
I agree, Great job, I was searching for such a reply from a very long time
May ALLAH Subhan grant u the great rewardz and higher distinctions in duniya and aakhira aameen summa aameen
Masha-Allah brother...you are doing gr8 job...Kindly take on some more misconception like these...May Allah reward you!
well u cleared a lot but i want to ask few questions as u said that this was the marriage of a young girl at a age of nine was a common practice at that time .It was at that time right but if u see today as us say that it is a practice in today's world tooo so can it be justify if it happens today as the maturity level of today and that time is quite different today it takes time for a girl to be mature mentally physically she can be mature but mentally it takes time so will it be right to this today?because if u see the marriage of HAZRAT FATIMA was taken place at the age of 18 and secondly u said HAZRAT MOHAMMAD (S.A.W) first engaged with HAZRAT AYESHA AND THEN married her it means that engagement is allowed in islam as i heard alot that it i custome that we have adopted from hindus
Waqar Akbar Cheema January 4, 2009 at 9:56 PM
Assalamo Alikum sister!!
First of all sorry for a delayed response.
1-It was absolutely right at that time. As to issue whether its allowed or not, one must keep one thing in mind that the willingness of the girl is required. Holy Prophet (SAW) emphasized it a lot and practically did show through his later marriages and the same is evident in case of Sayyidah Fatima (r.a.). Now one may ask why the same was not categorically asked from Sayyidah Aisha (r.a) so there are many things in it to be considered. Firstly the complete set of Marriage Laws was not fully explained by then. Holy Prophet (SAW) knew that it was the will of Allah and so did Sayyidina Abu Bakr. This case cannot be used as a proof to marry childs without asking their will. If one is then its valid if on being in good senses they do not have any objection, the same happened in the case of Sayyidah Aisha (ra)that she never had any objection on it.
2-I have used the word 'engaged', it should not be understood in the way we generally take i.e.in the meanings of 'mangni' rather it means 'NIKAH'. The NIKAH was done earlier and betrothal (Rukhsati) later.
Hope it makes the matter clear.
Do write again if something still remains confusing. And Please let others know of the blog if u think it reasonable.
well your answers clear me alot
i want to ask two more questions well if them man want to give divorce he just have to say three words and the divorce is happened right ?but as it i said that islam give the right of divorce to woman also and it is in mention in nikah nama so i want to ask what is the procedure of woman given divorce same as that of man or different and what is the difference between "khula" and divorce?and the second question i would not be able to translate it in eglish i am posting it in urdu hope u unterstand well the hadith says that HAZRAT MOHAMMAD (S.A.W) SAYS THAT:"agar ghair Allah ko sajdah karnay ki ijazat hoti to main biwi say kehta kay wo apnay husband ko sijdah karay" why he said so?
Qasim ! February 8, 2009 at 4:56 PM
Great work indeed...I must say! Masha'Allah!!
I've been searching some material on the same topic these days...Thnx to Allah SWT that he put this thought in my mind to visit the center...oh, i mean "ISLAMIC INFORMATION CENTER" where i found this link....!
Jazaak'Allah khair akhi..!!
Do convey my regards to akhi Awais as well..!!
Qasim Ikram.
imma July 13, 2009 at 10:20 PM
Thanks a lot for the Knowledge
May ALLAH BLESS U
Psalms™ March 7, 2010 at 7:30 AM
Thanks for your research - Salaam :-)
Madiha Abbas July 27, 2010 at 10:28 AM
Jazak Allah
Dear Waqar,
I read your all answer, believe me you cant imagin the pleasure that i felt after reading this.
I believe and want to realize this truth to every one, after all it is all about our mother, Hazrat Aysha Saddeeqa (R.A)
May Allah Reward You For This.
Abdullah Rasheed
I have read through the explanations of the reason why Muhammad (PUBH) married Aysha (ra). Well described. But I have small confusion. A muslim must believe in Allah and Muhammad(PUBH) to be a proper mulim.Muhammad (PUBH) is an IDOL for all muslims. He is undisputedly the universal role model. His steps muslims follow as sunnah. My question is should a man over 50 yr old marries a girl of 6 in todays world, is it acceptable? I think if anyone does so we will call it a child marriage. And child marriage is banned from most of the countries because of many reasns like scientific and social. If so then we cant follow Muhammad (PUBH) in this case. If so how can he be an IDOL or role model for mankind whereas he did something which we can't do now? Thanks.
Waqar Akbar September 27, 2010 at 10:19 AM
@ above
The issue is dealt with in detail here;
http://ebrahimsaifuddin.wordpress.com/2007/03/22/marriage-with-ayesha-ra-the-acceptability/
missafghan97 June 8, 2011 at 4:38 PM
THANKS ALOT I WAS IN A BIG CONFUSION N NOW I UNDER STAND WHATS THE REALITY...............THANKS
maha malik June 8, 2011 at 4:40 PM
thaks alot i was in very big confusion now am free of tentions...may ALLAHgive you lot of success
subhan allah.aap is trah wazai tour pr malumat fraham kratai rhe. muzaffar
Nabeel June 14, 2011 at 12:14 PM
Excellent work brother.. Jazakallah
People with ill intentions use the topic discussed to disgrace muslims.. with the research and knowledge, that you have provided, inshaAllah, we will be able to give them a shut up call..
Asalam u elekum wa rahmatullahi waqar bhai, this is the most popular article on your blog.
.......Soul November 18, 2011 at 1:05 PM
MashaALLAH
u r gem! u r doing good work keep it up
May ALLAH SWT bless u with more and more duniyai and deeni knowledge ameen summa ameen
- Ahmar (Soul)
Wonderful, Barak Allahu feek
abdul azeem March 10, 2012 at 10:06 PM
jazakAllaho khair
MASHA ALLAH . ALLAH WILL REWARD U
Ma sha Allah, great job. You can add more though... in the U.S. the legal age of marriage was 12 in some states in the 19th Century. It was commonplace; there were no schools back then, so there was no reason to stay single. Plus Arabia in the 7th Century was brutal. It was hard for a single woman to survive at that time.
Masha Allah, Allah will blessing and reward you.
Fatima Ariadne May 8, 2013 at 5:50 PM
Also, there is something to add here.
Marriage of Prophet (pbuh) to Aisha is also commanded by Allah. There is a narration saying he got a dream where Archangel Gabriel came to him showing him a veiled woman and the Gabriel told him "this is your wife". And when the Prophet (pbuh) opened the veil it was Aisha.
And also, one of wife of Prophet (pbuh), 'Umm Salamah, is a widow with children from his previous husband.
Amazing! Non-Muslims should take a look at this one too! A Must Read!
can you please answer this this hadith says that she didn't reached puberty Sahih Bukhari Volume 8, Book 73, Number 151 here is the link http://www.sahih-bukhari.com/Pages/Bukhari_8_73.php
Waqar Akbar March 31, 2014 at 9:01 AM
It is about the her playing with the dolls. How does playing with the dolls proves she had not reached puberty? it only proves she was still small and no one denies that. In fact this issue is already discussed in the article under a separate heading, "About Sayyidah Aisha playing with dolls etc" along with other related narrations.
yes but it also says that (The playing with the dolls and similar images is forbidden, but it was allowed for 'Aisha at that time, as she was a little girl, not yet reached the age of puberty.) btw i am a muslim the reason that i am asking this is because the non muslims use this to prove she was not in puberty when the prophet consumated the marriage and i would like a answer to refute them on this point and could you say where i can find the heading Sayyidah Aisha playing with dolls can you maybe give the link of the heading i cant find it on this website jzk
Waqar Akbar April 1, 2014 at 10:53 AM
It is NOT a part of the hadith. It is a comment quoted from Fath al-Bari. In fact it is not even the saying of Ibn Hajr the author of Fath al-Bari rather it is what he quoted from al-Khattabi. Plus it does not actually refer to puberty, it is about mental maturity like grown up women. The actual words used are (غير بالغ) which can be used both for physical maturity (puberty) and true mental maturity in the sense of seriousness like a comparatively older in age person and here the context implies it is in the later sense.
That she was not like grown up women is not denied and the point is already addressed.
Here on this page use CTrl+F to search for "dolls" and you will find the heading. It is right here in this very article to which you are commenting.
Jazak'Allahu khair
Jazak'Allahu khair this helped me very much the reason that i couldn't find it at the first was because the last part was not in your version of the hadith the part that was in brackets but now i understand it and may allah reward you :D
May Allah bless you!
An atheist May 28, 2014 at 12:14 PM
Great thanks for the article.
Great Explination
Pls see this video. Masha Allah very good. why did prophet Muhammad pbuh marry Aisha ra
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7qeOwn7dTY
May Allah (SWT) Reward you for your well written and researched article on the Mother of the Believers. Some of your readers may not be aware, that even though the enemies of Islam harp on the age of Aisha (RA) which is 9 or 10 at puberty (which was normal for that time period), in contrast, the Jewish Talmud permits adults to have sex with girls who are 3 years and 1 day old.http://www.godlikeproductions.com/forum1/message1723428/pg1
Assalamo alaikom
There is a little typo : "She married women of all age groups" It should be "He married..."
Assalamu alaikum.I could not find tirmidhi hadith no 1109.plz give me source
Waqar Akbar Cheema February 16, 2016 at 10:30 AM
Wa alaikum assalam wr wb
In Jami' Tirmidhi it is mentioned without Isnad under Hadith No. 1109. See here
http://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/11/30
It is not given in the translation but in the original Arabic it is there. See the last line in the Arabic.
In another work, however, it is mentioned with Isnad.
A student of Imam Ishaq bin Rahawayh and Imam Ahmad, Harb bin Isma'il Al-Kirmani (d. 280 AH) states:
حدثنا إسحاق، قال: أنبا زكريا بن عدي، عن أبي المليح، عن حبيب بن أبي مرزوق، عن عائشة -رضي الله عنها-، قالت: إذا بلغت الجارية تسعا فهي امرأة
Ishaq [bin Rahawayh] narrated to us on the authority of Zakariyya bin 'Adi from Abu Malih [Al-Raqiy] from Habib bin Abi Marzuq that Aisha (rA) said: "When a girl reaches nine years of age she is a woman."
-*- Masa'il Harb bin Isma'il Al-Kirmani (Al-Taharah wa Al-Salah), Ed. Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Sari' (Beirut: Al-Rayan Publishers, 2013) 587, No. 1289
Thank u very much brother
Thank you brother...you have solved my confusion regarding the same.....jazakhallahu khair...
moreover prophet peace be upon him marrying Aisha at a young age was not an strange or isolated incident in the prevailing arab society. It was common for arab men to marry young girls. Nobody, even munafiqeen of that time did not objected to it as it was accepted practice.
Was Mahdi to appear after the year 1200 A.H.?


ISLAMABAD: After the completion of construction work, a two-lane road in front of headquarters of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) finally opened for traffic in compliance with the orders of the Supreme Court and Islamabad High Court.
The road was closed by the agency in 2008 following the terrorist attacks on several government buildings.
Former Chief Justice of Pakistan Justice Saqib Nisar took suo motu notice of the closure of a road in Aabpara area of the city on the pretext of security in March 2018. The notice was taken while the Supreme Court was hearing cases related to the Capital Development Authority (CDA).
On January 3, during the hearing of the case, a representative of the Ministry of Defence informed the then Chief Justice of Pakistan Mian Saqib Nisar that the road had been handed over to Capital Development Authority (CDA), however, maintenance work was still being performed.
A CDA official told the court that one side of the road was under the ministry but they were trying to expand the road. At this, CJP remarked that orders were not being acted upon. He said that the court had ordered to clear all roads in Pakistan but given exemptions to "them" as they are special.
The CJP had also directed the CDA to submit an application explaining that it has not been given control of both sides of the road and attach pictures as documentary evidence.
In October 2018, the apex court had given the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) four more weeks to reopen the Shahrah-e-Suharwardy at Aabpara junction but the road was remained closed due to non-completion of construction work.
Earlier in July 2018, the Supreme Court had given two months' time to the agency to clear a roadblock on a portion of the said road outside its headquarters.


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On other Windows version (XP, Vista, 7), Microsoft offers a free utility: Virtual CD-ROM Control Panel.


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text:
Weekend Open Thread: Habitually Tardy Bilodeau Feels "Unsafe" at Public Water Board Meetings
Surf City Voice
– March 7, 2015Posted in: "The OC", Denis Bilodeau, Fresh Juice, transparency, Waste, Water, waterboarding
[Ed. Note: This post has been redesignated as your Weekend Open Thread. Talk about this, or anything else you'd like, within broad bounds of decorum and discretion.]
By John Earl, cross-posted from Surf City Voice.
A displeased Denis Bilodeau to the right, flanked by a nonplussed Cathy Green and a noncommittal Phil Anthony.
Nearly thirty-four minutes into a recent early-morning committee meeting of the Orange County Water District, Director Denis Bilodeau silently slunk into a big black chair and pulled himself up to the table.
The table takes up almost half of the room, which is less than the size of the garage space provided at your local self-service car wash.
Bilodeau sat with five fellow members of the OCWD Board of Directors (Sarmiento, Green, Anthony, Flory and Dewane), their legal counsel, a staff member, and their general manager, who always sits at the head of the table under a wall TV.
The wall facing the general manager from the other end of the table, and the wall to his right, were lined with chairs occupied by other staff and a couple of public citizens.
Bilodeau sat on the side of the room to the general manager's left. And there I was, standing a few feet behind him, with my iPhone perched on a monopod far above the back of his neck.
Directly behind me was a counter-top with the usual breakfast buffet of hard-boiled eggs, Danish, muffins, bagels, and fruit for the directors—bought with ratepayers' money for about $95.00
When Bilodeau arrived, I was already live streaming the (Feb. 12) meeting via the Internet—at no cost to myself or the public.
When he sat down in front of me, I was trying to get a good camera view of the TV screen (which showed a chart explaining OCWD credit ratings) without blocking the view of others.
Bilodeau is usually late to meetings, often by more than 30 minutes. Sometimes he arrives late and leaves early, or when the meeting has only minutes left. But board members are always entitled to their $221 stipend plus mileage, just for showing up, no matter how long they stay.
Enter Bilodeau, tardy.
You can see Bilodeau arriving at 33 minutes and 55 seconds on the archived version of the stream posted on my Livestream website (or, to the right.)
In 2013 Bilodeau averaged 9.5 paid meetings per month (directors can be paid for a maximum of 10 meetings per month). As I reported previously, he had the worst attendance record of all 10 OCWD board members for that year.
For his performance, Bilodeau collected $24,987.69 in stipend payments in 2013. With benefits, thanks to OCWD ratepayers, he made $46,999.55, more than any other board member except for Stephen Sheldon, who made $50,000.
That's in addition to his share of about $13,000 spent a year (based on 2014 receipts) on the buffet as an incentive for board members to attend their meetings.
Ka – Ching!
Thanks to my streaming effort, ratepayers have unedited and visible evidence online of slurping from the public trough by OCWD directors.
But instead of thanking me for my public service, Bilodeau complained that I was "literally breathing down" his neck, making him feel "unsafe" and "very uncomfortable."
I was "very disruptive," he said.
Being "disruptive" is Bilodeau's key complaint because it's the only legal claim OCWD can make to prohibit live streaming of its public meetings by citizens or the press.
Bilodeau wants "visitors" to stay seated in the "visitors gallery," away from the food on the counter-top and away from the back of his neck.
"I think that we need to carefully consider how we're going to deal with that," he said.
The matter is under consideration by OCWD legal counsel.
By Bilodeau's standards, it seems, I have also disrupted other meetings.
During the Property Management committee meeting last month (video also embedded BELOW), for example, I mentioned Bilodeau's attendance record and his acceptance of lots of campaign money from an entity negotiating a lease renewal with the board.
You can see the look of disruption on Bilodeau's face if you watch that meeting.
Back of the neck of Bilodeau, Administration and Finance Meeting, Feb. 12, 2015.
It makes you wonder why any politician (especially a routinely tardy and conflicted politician) would vote for live streaming of public meetings.
So I wasn't surprised last month (Jan. 21) when the board voted down live streaming by 8 -2, with Directors Flory and Green voting for it.
Bilodeau didn't talk about disruption then. Instead, he talked about demand (of which he claims there is none) and costs (he says it will raise your water rates!) but grudgingly offered a "reasonable solution": audio recordings would be available by request via email on a trial basis.
"I know the demand is virtually zero," he said.
"And I don't think the video provides much of anything [of] additional value to the public that [it] would want to listen in and see what we're doing here" he added.
Since then, Bilodeau's plan was upgraded and the OCWD staff have placed convenient links to audio records of public meetings going back two years on its website.
But Bilodeau is partly correct about audio's limits.
Without video streaming, you wouldn't know if he walked silently into a meeting 34 minutes late, or be able to see the charts on the TV screen.
And without live video (which can be captured at home) you can't compare what really happened at meetings to my reporting or OCWD's skimpy minutes.
By Bilodeau's standard, open meetings are obsolete. Why should OCWD have any open meetings when throughout its history few people outside of the water industry have attended?
The answer: easier access invites more people to participate in their government.
And it only takes a few sharp eyes to get a lot of people involved if the issue is right.
That's what happened in the past year due to OCWD's plan to buy into a $1 billion desalination plant proposed by Poseidon Resources Inc. That would replace imported water at three to 10 times its current cost—without adding a drop to Orange County's water supply.
If I were a water board member supporting the Poseidon scam, I would be worried about the potential political consequences of being watched by even more people online.
Maybe that is why Bilodeau and a majority of his colleagues feel so uncomfortable, unsafe and disrupted right now.
– See more at: http://www.surfcityvoice.org/2015/02/tardy-water-director-feels-unsafe-at-public-meeting/
Tags: denis bilodeau, Desalination, John Earl, livestreaming, OC Water District, ocwd, Orange County Water District, perks, Poseidon, secrecy, tardiness, transparency, Waste, Water
About Surf City Voice
John Earl is the editor of the Surf City Voice. Frequent contributor Debbie Cook, a former Huntington Beach Mayor, is board president of the Post Carbon Institute.
Paula Was Here
Posted March 8, 2015 at 2:29 PM
Thank you so much for those sharp eyes on these board members. I wish i was paid for just showing up and eating free thanks to public $. What's IN those muffins anyway? Platinum sprinkles?
Salty caramel. Very salty.


text:
Q: Conditional expectation $E[(X+Y)^2|=]$, independents X and Y X e Y, random independent variables with mean zero and equal variances. If $Z=X+Y,$ I need to find $E[Z^2|=]$ for any x value in the defined conditional distribution.

Is this correct?
$$E[(+)^2|=]=E[^2|=]+E[Y^2|=]+E[2XY|=]=$$
$$=x^2+E[Y^2|=]+2xE[Y]=x^2+E[Y^2]$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A lover of books, swings, cozy blankets, and thunderstorms; seeker of knowledge, wisdom, and beauty. I've dabbled in classic styles, fun prints, and various mediums before, but I'm finally embracing my whimsical side.
Think fairytale with small, unexpected twists. Silhouettes inspired by decades we tend to idealize ('50s – '70s) and garment inspiration from some of my favorite childhood stories. Just remember that what you see at first glance isn't always what it seems.


Custom Mint ++ Colonial: Open Floor Plan, Gourmet Kitchen W/ Granite And Stainless Appliances, Great Room, Spacious 5 Bedrooms, 3 Full Baths,Plenty Of Storage Closets, Cul-De-Sac. Private Yard Backing The Greenbelt. Smithtown West School.


Mal-nourishment is the result of a deficiency of animal fats in your diet. However choose your meats wisely because not all animal fats are equal. Foods high in good fat are key for your nutrition.
Avoid deli meats because they are often loaded with a lot of additives and preservatives. Instead choose a healthier alternative by making a roast. Purchase your meat whole and cut the meat into portions yourself. Next, freeze the meat roast then thaw it later to enjoy as a delicious roast beef, turkey or chicken sandwich. Whole organic meat cut and prepared in this fashion is an adequate source of protein and fat. This is the good type of fat which is missing from deli meats.
Patience, planning and study of your foods is the best way to keep control over your meals to maintain a healthy diet. Surpass processed foods and instead choose foods with healthy animal fats and proteins.
Some examples of foods that are high in good fat are meats which contain animal fats and proteins. These foods are rich in both vitamin A and vitamin D. Both are nutrients which are key to human growth and development. Furthermore, animal fats stabilize your blood sugar after ingestion.
Is pork bad for our diet? Well there's been a lot of doubt around pork and many people still avoid it. The Irish and Scottish are a healthy population after generations of eating pork. Opposite to this diet are the Jewish and Muslim cultures who do not eat pork. Nevertheless, pork is still a centerpiece of food for other cultures.
Make sure the meat you buy comes from an animal which was raised on a pasture in a humane way. Pastured meat is a healthy source of meat which is also high in good fat. Depending on where you live, this type of meat may be far away from where you live. Therefore shop at the grocery store and find the most fatty type you can there, preferably a pulled pork.
Sleep is very important to our health and lack of sleep results in health deficiency. Consumption of animal fats help us to sleep properly at night. The adrenal glands which are active in our body during the day become relaxed from foods high in good fat.
Because our adrenals relax by consuming good fat, we achieve a state of slumber easier. Opposite to relaxed, our adrenal glands become active when we eat bad fats such as carbs and low-fats. As a result, restlessness occurs as our adrenaline increases.
Eat foods high in good fat such as butter and cod liver oil for relaxation of the adrenal glands. In addition, high-quality pink or grey unrefined sea salt relaxes our adrenal glands. For example, a small pinch of this sea salt on your tongue before bedtime relaxes your adrenal glands. Since salt is a natural hypnotic, you will sleep well after consuming it.
Our taste buds are very sensitive. We sometimes eat too many sauces and extra flavors at meal time. However like any form of eating, condiments should be used in moderation. Be careful on which condiments you choose and read the ingredients before use.
Unhealthy fats and sugar may be in your meal, thus be careful to read the ingredients. Unfortunately some brands of ketchup contain the harmful ingredient high fructose corn syrup. Obesity, fatty liver disease and many other health problems result from this ingredient. Butter, cream and coconut oil are foods high in good fat. Each of these 3 condiments contain healthy saturated fat.
Salt often receives criticism due to the bad reputation it has in nutrition, but no need for despair. As long as you choose a high-quality free-running salt as a condiment and use the right amount it is nutritious. Receive 1 to 1.5 teaspoons of salt daily, this is the dietary recommendation.
Sprinkle the highest quality salt you can find on top of your home-cooked meals. Doing so will help you to avoid the unhealthy Omega 6 fatty acids used in the edible industry. Man-made food products such as processed salts are plagued with sodium chloride, which is a very unhealthy version of this condiment.
In conclusion, animal fats hold an important place within our diet and should not be feared but welcomed to your plate. Obtain the unique health benefits that these foods high in good fat offer by using nutrition as your foundation. Finally, be sure to read the ingredients of food labels and choose the right foods with fat in order to remain healthy.
Good fats are important to nutrition. Follow our advice to choose foods and delicious meals with foods high in good fat which will keep your diet healthy.


text:
iPhone Theme
Master iPhones
Home Mac Apple showed a Mac Pro with 28-core and 6K-monitor
Apple showed a Mac Pro with 28-core and 6K-monitor
Moscow, June 4 — "News. Economy" on Monday, June 3, was a presentation of Apple, opening the conference for developers WWDC 2019. As usual, the company introduced new versions of their operating systems for smartphones, tablets, computers and other devices. Apple finally showed the new desktop Mac Pro, the latest version of which was released in 2013.
Apple introduced the new professional workstation Mac Pro and Apple display Pro Display XDR also for professional use. The new Mac Pro is equipped with a Xeon class workstations with up to 28 cores, high memory capacity up to 1.5 TB, up to eight PCIe expansion slots, inside you can install four video cards AMD Radeon Vega Pro, giving a total performance of 56 teraflops and 128 gigabytes of memory.
"The Mac Pro is designed for those who need a modular system with extremely high performance, scalability and configuration. The new Mac Pro Xeon powerful processors, impressive amount of memory, advanced graphics, PCIe expansion slots, fee acceleration Afterburner and stunning design. This is a real monster, which professionals will be able to carry out the best in your life projects, said Phil Schiller, Apple's senior Vice President of Apple's worldwide marketing. — The perfect complement to the all-new Mac Pro will be an incredibly powerful professional monitor Pro Display XDR. He Retina resolution 6K, great colors, and incredibly high brightness and contrast, and exceptionally user-friendly design. Pro Display XDR has the full set of characteristics of all monitors ever offered in this price segment."
Professionals who work with the largest projects, analyze huge amounts of data and run multiple demanding applications simultaneously, Mac Pro offers a huge amount of memory to meet the growing needs. The new Mac Pro with six-channel architecture of storage, and 12 DIMM slots for physical has a total memory of 1.5 TB is the largest volume ever on a Mac. And eight expansion slots PCI Express — twice more than on the previous-generation Mac Pro, — provide opportunities for system expansion and creation of the configurations previously inaccessible in the format of a single workstation.
For designers who create 3D graphics in movies, work with 8K images and design complex three-dimensional landscapes, graphics performance is important as nothing else. Module graphics of the Apple MPX Module has a built-in Thunderbolt port and a power greater than 500 W — for the first time among graphics cards. And to provide exceptionally quiet operation, the MPX Module is cooled by the internal cooling system of the Mac Pro.
Mac Pro is equipped with GPU Radeon 580X Pro or better. For the first time on a Mac Pro, you can select a graphics processor Radeon Pro Vega II with the computing power up to 14 teraflops and 32 GB of memory with a bandwidth of 1 TB/s.
Also available is a Mac Pro with a graphics system Radeon Pro Vega II Duo, consisting of two processors Vega II with a power of 28 teraflops and 64 GB of memory. Mac Pro can be equipped with two modules, MPX Module to install two systems Vega Duo II and get the graphics performance of 56 teraflops and 128 GB of memory.
The Mac Pro first used Afterburner Board with programmable integrated circuit that can decode up to 6.3 billion pixels per second. Thanks Afterburner, you can mount the video high quality right in the normal formats of video cameras, without using intermediate formats, and decode up to three streams of ProRes RAW 8K video and 12 streams of 4K ProRes RAW in real time with almost no intermediate workflows.
The new Mac Pro is built on a spaceframe, stainless steel, and the outer aluminum housing is removable and gives access to all components of the system. The frame is a basis for a flexible, modular design, and the handles give the opportunity to carry a Mac Pro in the Studio working. Bars on the sides of the body (which the Internet has dubbed "grater") provide ventilation system. For customers who want to install Mac Pro in clusters for rendering or equipment rooms this fall will be a special version, optimized for racks.
The developers of custom applications have already tested the new desktop:
In Blackmagic Design is now available in a single system installation video 8K with full acceleration and CPU acceleration multi-GPU, as well as applying effects and color correction in ProRes 4444 format.
Avid can support up to six boards HDX, which increases the speed of I/o increases the number of votes and makes digital signal processing in Pro Tools in real time twice as fast as any other system.
Maxon Cinema 4D speed of the graphics rendering was 20% higher than that on Windows workstation in the maximum configuration with three graphics cards NVIDIA Quadro RTX 8000.
Of course, the Mac Pro is a niche product. It is designed primarily for those who need high performance in such tasks as rendering graphics, playing many of the virtual tools or simulation applications on dozens of iOS devices at the same time.
The load to the desktop, Apple is offering a 32-inch 6K-monitor, made in the same design with holes. Monitor Pro Display XDR — 32-inch Retina display with 6K color range P3, 10-bit color accuracy, peak brightness 1600 nits contrast ratio 1 000 000:1 and ultra wide angle.
Monitor Pro Display XDR is also equipped with polarisation technology that provides accuracy with ultra-wide viewing angle even when offset from the axis of the accurate transmission of content simultaneously accessible to multiple viewers. To eliminate glare monitor Pro Display XDR has an anti-glare coating and is offered in a new matte version of nanotextures: to reduce the reflectivity of its glass is processed at the level of nanometers.
As an accessory to the monitor will be sold stand Pro Stand is a unique design. It allows you to change the position of the screen at different angles and position it in portrait orientation. The monitor can be easily removed from the stand and hang anywhere with the VESA mounts.
Pro Display XDR will appear in the fall of 2019 and will cost $4999, stand Pro Stand — $999, and the VESA adapter is $199. The price tag on the easiest Mac Pro starts from six thousand dollars.
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text:
Blues appeal Stewart's sending off
Club reporter
Wanderers have appealed the red card shown to Anthony Stewart in Saturday's clash at Dagenham & Redbridge.
Gareth Ainsworth said: "I think it's a poor decision. Anthony Stewart is adamant he got the ball first before anything. It's a very, very soft penalty.
The in-form centre-back was given his marching orders for what referee Keith Stroud felt was a foul on Rhys Murphy as the striker bore down on goal. "All my players are distraught in there. They are all saying no chance. Anthony got the ball, he's not taken the man out."


text:
Here is what is new for south KC private schools
There are many private schools in south KC: Barstow, Lutheran High School, Sion, St. Thomas More, Grandview Christian, Daniel Academy and Calvary Lutheran. Heres whats new for the new school session.
Barstow School, 11511 State Line Rd., is celebrating its 135th Anniversary this year. With that celebration comes the extension of its campus into Leawood. Barstow is adapting the former HyVee supermarket, 121st and State Line Rd, into a 62,680 square foot learning environment. The building will be called IDEA*Space (Innovation, discovery, entrepreneurship and arts). The facility will have a series of workshop-style areas where students of all ages can transform their ideas into reality, an e-sports facility, a blackbox theater, dance/yoga studios, multi-purpose indoor courts and an early education center. Constructions plans are being nailed down. It is expected to open in Fall 2020. The campus at 11511 State Line Road in Kansas City will continue to serve as the primary home for all divisions.
Calvary Lutheran
Calvary Lutheran School, a K-8 private school at 124th and Wornall, has been educating students for more than 70 years. Their annual gala will be held at the school on October 19th, with a theme of Calvary's Greatest Show. Calvary Lutheran School also provides an Early Education Center for children from 6 weeks through pre-K.
Daniel Academy
The Daniel Academy, 310 W. 106 St., is a private Christian school. Established in 2007, it serves students in preschool through 12th grade who meet in classrooms with instructors 4 days per week (Monday through Thursday). Students work at home with parents on Fridays.
Grandview Christian School
Nestled in the town of Grandview is a small, private Christian school committed to providing children with academic excellence and educating them to 'serve God and impact the world through biblical thought and action'. And for over 44 years, Grandview Christian School has
done exactly that. GCS is a fully accredited, non-denominational school that provides a Christian education to students ages 3 years through 12th grade. They also offer their students dual enrollment with Calvary Bible College and Metropolitan Community College.
Grandview Christian School was first opened in 1975 and is located at 12340 Grandview Rd.
Lutheran High School of Kansas City
Lutheran High School of Kansas City, 124th and Wornall, is celebrating its 40th Anniversary. The school is looking for several host families for its international students this fall.
A new English teacher joins the staff. Rachel Rodriguez taught the last four years at Living Word Lutheran High in Jackson, WI. She will be co coaching the volleyball varsity team. She is a graduate of Concordia, NE.
New shadow days are offered to 7th and 8th grade students who will have the opportunity to shadow a current 9th or 10th grade student.
Notre Dame de Sion
The all-girls Catholic high school at 10631 Wornall Rd. welcomes a new Director of Innovation, Michelle Nebel. Nebel served as the Chief Innovations Office for the Excelsior Spring School District for the past five years.
Sion students will start school at 8:45 am next year. This "late-start" schedule is based on research into the sleep cycles of adolescents and still allows for maximum class time.
Sion is launching several new programming initiatives this year including daily Math and Writing labs where students can seek extra support or enrichment, partnerships with Avila University in physics and journalism, women's health, college application workshops, and several new theology courses that integrate leadership, social-emotional learning, the arts, and nature.
Over the summer, Sion renovated two of restrooms and invested in new landscaping in the front of the school.
St. Thomas More School
St. Thomas More, 11800 Holmes Rd., looks to increase their enrollment this school year by welcoming over 500 students for the upcoming school year. An additional Pre-school Room has been added and St. Thomas More is still enrolling any students from age 3 through 8th Grade. New electives for Junior High have been added this year, including Introduction to Performing Arts and Lifeskills for the Catholic Teen. After coming off a successful school accreditation last Spring, second year Principal Randy Smith welcomes six new Staff Members for the 2019-20 school year.
Here's what's new for the south KC school districts
Conroy's offers authentic Irish flare


$15.07 $17.95 Save 16% Current price is $15.07, Original price is $17.95. You Save 16%.
This volume is indispensible to anyone planning to visit Church historical sites and who would like to know more about the important locations in Church History. Includes detailed maps and photographs.
LaMar C. Berrett, the general editor of this series, is a professor emeritus of Church History and Doctrine at Brigham Young University. He has taken numourous tours to church historical sites.


text:
This is version 12
Overview[1]#
Facial recognition refers to the Identification or Verification a Natural Person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source and finding a match for the Physiological Characteristic biometric data based on the mathematical pattern-recognition between two digital images or a video frames.
One of the ways to do this is by comparing selected facial features from the image and a facial data Store.
Facial recognition is typically used in security systems and can be compared to other biometrics such as fingerprint recognition or eye iris recognition systems.
Recently, Facial recognition has also become popular as a commercial identification and marketing tool.
Your Face is Your Boarding Pass#
Facial recognition scanners are already at more than a dozen United States airports.
The use of Facial recognition in United States airports has been spearheaded by United States Customs and Border Protection, part of the United States Department of Homeland Security, which has been testing these systems as part of its "Biometric Exit" program since 2015.
"Since its inception, over two million passengers on over 15,000 airline flights have used the technology on exit," the agency boasted earlier this month.
The initiative scans the faces of passengers taking international flights out of the United States and matches them to identity photos the CBP has on file.
By the end of 2021, CBP has been given the goal of scanning the faces of passengers on 16,300 airlines flights per week. In 2019 the United States Department of Homeland Security said it plans to scan the faces of "over 97 percent" of departing international passengers by 2023.
While CBP has said it will only keep facial exit scans for a maximum of 14 days, the rules for partner airlines are vaguer. Speaking to the New York Times last summer, a CBP official said that while he doubted airlines would want to keep fliers' biometric data, "it would really be up to them."
United States Customs and Border Protection uses the Traveler Verification Service.
Facial recognition Privacy Considerations#
Facial recognition raised many Privacy Considerations. Facial recognition is non-Discrimination as it is not concerned with Ageism, Race, Poverty or "Guilty" and can (and will) be used for Government Surveillance
Authentication Method Reference Values
Automated Biometric Identification System
Bio-political tattooing
Blinding Identity Taxonomy
Consolidated Consular Database
Electronic Machine Readable Travel Document
Examples of Evidence
Eyeprint ID
Facial Analysis, Comparison, and Evaluation
Homeland Advanced Recognition Technology
Next Generation Identification
Platform Authenticator
Traveler Verification Service
Universal Authentication Framework
Video Data Intelligence
Web Authentication API
Windows Credential Provider
[#1] - Facial_recognition_system - based on information obtained 2018-07-11-
[#2] - What Your Airline Won't Tell You About Those Creepy Airport Face Scanners - based on information obtained 2019-04-24
This page (revision-12) was last changed on 07-Oct-2019 09:05 by jim Top


text:
namespace base {

namespace {

// Contains nonzero when the corresponding character is unescapable for normal
// URLs. These characters are the ones that may change the parsing of a URL, so
// we don't want to unescape them sometimes. In many case we won't want to
// unescape spaces, but that is controlled by parameters to Unescape*.
//
// The basic rule is that we can't unescape anything that would changing parsing
// like # or ?. We also can't unescape &, =, or + since that could be part of a
// query and that could change the server's parsing of the query. Nor can we
// unescape \ since src/url/ will convert it to a /.
//
// Lastly, we can't unescape anything that doesn't have a canonical
// representation in a URL. This means that unescaping will change the URL, and
// you could get different behavior if you copy and paste the URL, or press
// enter in the URL bar. The list of characters that fall into this category
// are the ones labeled PASS (allow either escaped or unescaped) in the big
// lookup table at the top of url/url_canon_path.cc.  Also, characters
// that have CHAR_QUERY set in url/url_canon_internal.cc but are not
// allowed in query strings according to http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt are
// not unescaped, to avoid turning a valid url according to spec into an
// invalid one.
// clang-format off
const char kUrlUnescape[128] = {
//   Null, control chars...
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
//  ' ' !  "  #  $  %  &  '  (  )  *  +  ,  -  .  /
     0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
//   0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  :  ;  <  =  >  ?
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
//   @  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O
     0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
//   P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z  [  \  ]  ^  _
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
//   `  a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  l  m  n  o
     0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
//   p  q  r  s  t  u  v  w  x  y  z  {  |  }  ~  <NBSP>
     1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0,
};
// clang-format on

// Attempts to unescape the sequence at |index| within |escaped_text|.  If
// successful, sets |value| to the unescaped value.  Returns whether
// unescaping succeeded.
bool UnescapeUnsignedByteAtIndex(StringPiece escaped_text,
                                 size_t index,
                                 unsigned char* value) {
  if ((index + 2) >= escaped_text.size())
    return false;
  if (escaped_text[index] != '%')
    return false;
  char most_sig_digit(escaped_text[index + 1]);
  char least_sig_digit(escaped_text[index + 2]);
  if (IsHexDigit(most_sig_digit) && IsHexDigit(least_sig_digit)) {
    *value =
        HexDigitToInt(most_sig_digit) * 16 + HexDigitToInt(least_sig_digit);
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

// Attempts to unescape and decode a UTF-8-encoded percent-escaped character at
// the specified index. On success, returns true, sets |code_point_out| to be
// the character's code point and |unescaped_out| to be the unescaped UTF-8
// string. |unescaped_out| will always be 1/3rd the length of the substring of
// |escaped_text| that corresponds to the unescaped character.
bool UnescapeUTF8CharacterAtIndex(StringPiece escaped_text,
                                  size_t index,
                                  uint32_t* code_point_out,
                                  std::string* unescaped_out) {
  DCHECK(unescaped_out->empty());

  unsigned char bytes[CBU8_MAX_LENGTH];
  if (!UnescapeUnsignedByteAtIndex(escaped_text, index, &bytes[0]))
    return false;

  size_t num_bytes = 1;

  // If this is a lead byte, need to collect trail bytes as well.
  if (CBU8_IS_LEAD(bytes[0])) {
    // Look for the last trail byte of the UTF-8 character.  Give up once
    // reach max character length number of bytes, or hit an unescaped
    // character. No need to check length of escaped_text, as
    // UnescapeUnsignedByteAtIndex checks lengths.
    while (num_bytes < size(bytes) &&
           UnescapeUnsignedByteAtIndex(escaped_text, index + num_bytes * 3,
                                       &bytes[num_bytes]) &&
           CBU8_IS_TRAIL(bytes[num_bytes])) {
      ++num_bytes;
    }
  }

  int32_t char_index = 0;
  // Check if the unicode "character" that was just unescaped is valid.
  if (!ReadUnicodeCharacter(reinterpret_cast<char*>(bytes), num_bytes,
                            &char_index, code_point_out)) {
    return false;
  }

  // It's possible that a prefix of |bytes| forms a valid UTF-8 character,
  // and the rest are not valid UTF-8, so need to update |num_bytes| based
  // on the result of ReadUnicodeCharacter().
  num_bytes = char_index + 1;
  *unescaped_out = std::string(reinterpret_cast<char*>(bytes), num_bytes);
  return true;
}

// This method takes a Unicode code point and returns true if it should be
// unescaped, based on |rules|.
bool ShouldUnescapeCodePoint(UnescapeRule::Type rules, uint32_t code_point) {
  // If this is an ASCII character, use the lookup table.
  if (code_point < 0x80) {
    return kUrlUnescape[code_point] ||
           // Allow some additional unescaping when flags are set.
           (code_point == ' ' && (rules & UnescapeRule::SPACES)) ||
           // Allow any of the prohibited but non-control characters when doing
           // "special" chars.
           ((code_point == '/' || code_point == '\\') &&
            (rules & UnescapeRule::PATH_SEPARATORS)) ||
           (code_point > ' ' && code_point != '/' && code_point != '\\' &&
            (rules & UnescapeRule::URL_SPECIAL_CHARS_EXCEPT_PATH_SEPARATORS));
  }

  // Compare the code point against a list of characters that can be used
  // to spoof other URLs.
  //
  // Can't use icu to make this cleaner, because Cronet cannot depend on
  // icu, and currently uses this file.
  // TODO(https://crbug.com/829873): Try to make this use icu, both to
  // protect against regressions as the Unicode standard is updated and to
  // reduce the number of long lists of characters.
  return !(
      // Per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3987#section-4.1, certain BiDi
      // control characters are not allowed to appear unescaped in URLs.
      code_point == 0x200E ||  // LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK         (%E2%80%8E)
      code_point == 0x200F ||  // RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK         (%E2%80%8F)
      code_point == 0x202A ||  // LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING    (%E2%80%AA)
      code_point == 0x202B ||  // RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING    (%E2%80%AB)
      code_point == 0x202C ||  // POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING (%E2%80%AC)
      code_point == 0x202D ||  // LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE     (%E2%80%AD)
      code_point == 0x202E ||  // RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE     (%E2%80%AE)

      // The Unicode Technical Report (TR9) as referenced by RFC 3987 above has
      // since added some new BiDi control characters that are not safe to
      // unescape. http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9
      code_point == 0x061C ||  // ARABIC LETTER MARK         (%D8%9C)
      code_point == 0x2066 ||  // LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE      (%E2%81%A6)
      code_point == 0x2067 ||  // RIGHT-TO-LEFT ISOLATE      (%E2%81%A7)
      code_point == 0x2068 ||  // FIRST STRONG ISOLATE       (%E2%81%A8)
      code_point == 0x2069 ||  // POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE    (%E2%81%A9)

      // The following spoofable characters are also banned in unescaped URLs,
      // because they could be used to imitate parts of a web browser's UI.
      code_point == 0x1F50F ||  // LOCK WITH INK PEN    (%F0%9F%94%8F)
      code_point == 0x1F510 ||  // CLOSED LOCK WITH KEY (%F0%9F%94%90)
      code_point == 0x1F512 ||  // LOCK                 (%F0%9F%94%92)
      code_point == 0x1F513 ||  // OPEN LOCK            (%F0%9F%94%93)

      // Spaces are also banned, as they can be used to scroll text out of view.
      code_point == 0x0085 ||  // NEXT LINE                  (%C2%85)
      code_point == 0x00A0 ||  // NO-BREAK SPACE             (%C2%A0)
      code_point == 0x1680 ||  // OGHAM SPACE MARK           (%E1%9A%80)
      code_point == 0x2000 ||  // EN QUAD                    (%E2%80%80)
      code_point == 0x2001 ||  // EM QUAD                    (%E2%80%81)
      code_point == 0x2002 ||  // EN SPACE                   (%E2%80%82)
      code_point == 0x2003 ||  // EM SPACE                   (%E2%80%83)
      code_point == 0x2004 ||  // THREE-PER-EM SPACE         (%E2%80%84)
      code_point == 0x2005 ||  // FOUR-PER-EM SPACE          (%E2%80%85)
      code_point == 0x2006 ||  // SIX-PER-EM SPACE           (%E2%80%86)
      code_point == 0x2007 ||  // FIGURE SPACE               (%E2%80%87)
      code_point == 0x2008 ||  // PUNCTUATION SPACE          (%E2%80%88)
      code_point == 0x2009 ||  // THIN SPACE                 (%E2%80%89)
      code_point == 0x200A ||  // HAIR SPACE                 (%E2%80%8A)
      code_point == 0x2028 ||  // LINE SEPARATOR             (%E2%80%A8)
      code_point == 0x2029 ||  // PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR        (%E2%80%A9)
      code_point == 0x202F ||  // NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE      (%E2%80%AF)
      code_point == 0x205F ||  // MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE  (%E2%81%9F)
      code_point == 0x3000 ||  // IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE          (%E3%80%80)
      // U+2800 is rendered as a space, but is not considered whitespace (see
      // crbug.com/1068531).
      code_point == 0x2800 ||  // BRAILLE PATTERN BLANK      (%E2%A0%80)

      // Default Ignorable ([:Default_Ignorable_Code_Point=Yes:]) and Format
      // characters ([:Cf:]) are also banned (see crbug.com/824715).
      code_point == 0x00AD ||  // SOFT HYPHEN               (%C2%AD)
      code_point == 0x034F ||  // COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER (%CD%8F)
      // Arabic number formatting
      (code_point >= 0x0600 && code_point <= 0x0605) ||
      // U+061C is already banned as a BiDi control character.
      code_point == 0x06DD ||  // ARABIC END OF AYAH          (%DB%9D)
      code_point == 0x070F ||  // SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK    (%DC%8F)
      code_point == 0x08E2 ||  // ARABIC DISPUTED END OF AYAH (%E0%A3%A2)
      code_point == 0x115F ||  // HANGUL CHOSEONG FILLER      (%E1%85%9F)
      code_point == 0x1160 ||  // HANGUL JUNGSEONG FILLER     (%E1%85%A0)
      code_point == 0x17B4 ||  // KHMER VOWEL INHERENT AQ     (%E1%9E%B4)
      code_point == 0x17B5 ||  // KHMER VOWEL INHERENT AA     (%E1%9E%B5)
      code_point == 0x180B ||  // MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR ONE
                               // (%E1%A0%8B)
      code_point == 0x180C ||  // MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR TWO
                               // (%E1%A0%8C)
      code_point == 0x180D ||  // MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR THREE
                               // (%E1%A0%8D)
      code_point == 0x180E ||  // MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR   (%E1%A0%8E)
      code_point == 0x200B ||  // ZERO WIDTH SPACE            (%E2%80%8B)
      code_point == 0x200C ||  // ZERO WIDTH SPACE NON-JOINER (%E2%80%8C)
      code_point == 0x200D ||  // ZERO WIDTH JOINER           (%E2%80%8D)
      // U+200E, U+200F, U+202A--202E, and U+2066--2069 are already banned as
      // BiDi control characters.
      code_point == 0x2060 ||  // WORD JOINER          (%E2%81%A0)
      code_point == 0x2061 ||  // FUNCTION APPLICATION (%E2%81%A1)
      code_point == 0x2062 ||  // INVISIBLE TIMES      (%E2%81%A2)
      code_point == 0x2063 ||  // INVISIBLE SEPARATOR  (%E2%81%A3)
      code_point == 0x2064 ||  // INVISIBLE PLUS       (%E2%81%A4)
      code_point == 0x2065 ||  // null (%E2%81%A5)
      // 0x2066--0x2069 are already banned as a BiDi control characters.
      // General Punctuation - Deprecated (U+206A--206F)
      (code_point >= 0x206A && code_point <= 0x206F) ||
      code_point == 0x3164 ||  // HANGUL FILLER (%E3%85%A4)
      (code_point >= 0xFFF0 && code_point <= 0xFFF8) ||  // null
      // Variation selectors (%EF%B8%80 -- %EF%B8%8F)
      (code_point >= 0xFE00 && code_point <= 0xFE0F) ||
      code_point == 0xFEFF ||   // ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE (%EF%BB%BF)
      code_point == 0xFFA0 ||   // HALFWIDTH HANGUL FILLER (%EF%BE%A0)
      code_point == 0xFFF9 ||   // INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR     (%EF%BF%B9)
      code_point == 0xFFFA ||   // INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION SEPARATOR  (%EF%BF%BA)
      code_point == 0xFFFB ||   // INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION TERMINATOR (%EF%BF%BB)
      code_point == 0x110BD ||  // KAITHI NUMBER SIGN       (%F0%91%82%BD)
      code_point == 0x110CD ||  // KAITHI NUMBER SIGN ABOVE (%F0%91%83%8D)
      // Egyptian hieroglyph formatting (%F0%93%90%B0 -- %F0%93%90%B8)
      (code_point >= 0x13430 && code_point <= 0x13438) ||
      // Shorthand format controls (%F0%9B%B2%A0 -- %F0%9B%B2%A3)
      (code_point >= 0x1BCA0 && code_point <= 0x1BCA3) ||
      // Beams and slurs (%F0%9D%85%B3 -- %F0%9D%85%BA)
      (code_point >= 0x1D173 && code_point <= 0x1D17A) ||
      // Tags, Variation Selectors, nulls
      (code_point >= 0xE0000 && code_point <= 0xE0FFF));
}

// Unescapes |escaped_text| according to |rules|, returning the resulting
// string.  Fills in an |adjustments| parameter, if non-nullptr, so it reflects
// the alterations done to the string that are not one-character-to-one-
// character.  The resulting |adjustments| will always be sorted by increasing
// offset.
std::string UnescapeURLWithAdjustmentsImpl(
    StringPiece escaped_text,
    UnescapeRule::Type rules,
    OffsetAdjuster::Adjustments* adjustments) {
  if (adjustments)
    adjustments->clear();
  // Do not unescape anything, return the |escaped_text| text.
  if (rules == UnescapeRule::NONE)
    return std::string(escaped_text);

  // The output of the unescaping is always smaller than the input, so we can
  // reserve the input size to make sure we have enough buffer and don't have
  // to allocate in the loop below.
  std::string result;
  result.reserve(escaped_text.length());

  // Locations of adjusted text.
  for (size_t i = 0, max = escaped_text.size(); i < max;) {
    // Try to unescape the character.
    uint32_t code_point;
    std::string unescaped;
    if (!UnescapeUTF8CharacterAtIndex(escaped_text, i, &code_point,
                                      &unescaped)) {
      // Check if the next character can be unescaped, but not as a valid UTF-8
      // character. In that case, just unescaped and write the non-sense
      // character.
      //
      // TODO(https://crbug.com/829868): Do not unescape illegal UTF-8
      // sequences.
      unsigned char non_utf8_byte;
      if (UnescapeUnsignedByteAtIndex(escaped_text, i, &non_utf8_byte)) {
        result.push_back(non_utf8_byte);
        if (adjustments)
          adjustments->push_back(OffsetAdjuster::Adjustment(i, 3, 1));
        i += 3;
        continue;
      }

      // Character is not escaped, so append as is, unless it's a '+' and
      // REPLACE_PLUS_WITH_SPACE is being applied.
      if (escaped_text[i] == '+' &&
          (rules & UnescapeRule::REPLACE_PLUS_WITH_SPACE)) {
        result.push_back(' ');
      } else {
        result.push_back(escaped_text[i]);
      }
      ++i;
      continue;
    }

    DCHECK(!unescaped.empty());

    if (!ShouldUnescapeCodePoint(rules, code_point)) {
      // If it's a valid UTF-8 character, but not safe to unescape, copy all
      // bytes directly.
      result.append(escaped_text.begin() + i,
                    escaped_text.begin() + i + 3 * unescaped.length());
      i += unescaped.length() * 3;
      continue;
    }

    // If the code point is allowed, and append the entire unescaped character.
    result.append(unescaped);
    if (adjustments) {
      for (size_t j = 0; j < unescaped.length(); ++j) {
        adjustments->push_back(OffsetAdjuster::Adjustment(i + j * 3, 3, 1));
      }
    }
    i += 3 * unescaped.length();
  }

  return result;
}

}  // namespace

std::string UnescapeURLComponent(StringPiece escaped_text,
                                 UnescapeRule::Type rules) {
  return UnescapeURLWithAdjustmentsImpl(escaped_text, rules, nullptr);
}

std::u16string UnescapeAndDecodeUTF8URLComponentWithAdjustments(
    StringPiece text,
    UnescapeRule::Type rules,
    OffsetAdjuster::Adjustments* adjustments) {
  std::u16string result;
  OffsetAdjuster::Adjustments unescape_adjustments;
  std::string unescaped_url(
      UnescapeURLWithAdjustmentsImpl(text, rules, &unescape_adjustments));
  if (UTF8ToUTF16WithAdjustments(unescaped_url.data(), unescaped_url.length(),
                                 &result, adjustments)) {
    // Character set looks like it's valid.
    if (adjustments) {
      OffsetAdjuster::MergeSequentialAdjustments(unescape_adjustments,
                                                 adjustments);
    }
    return result;
  }
  // Character set is not valid.  Return the escaped version.
  return UTF8ToUTF16WithAdjustments(text, adjustments);
}

std::string UnescapeBinaryURLComponent(StringPiece escaped_text,
                                       UnescapeRule::Type rules) {
  // Only NORMAL and REPLACE_PLUS_WITH_SPACE are supported.
  DCHECK(rules != UnescapeRule::NONE);
  DCHECK(!(rules &
           ~(UnescapeRule::NORMAL | UnescapeRule::REPLACE_PLUS_WITH_SPACE)));

  std::string unescaped_text;

  // The output of the unescaping is always smaller than the input, so we can
  // reserve the input size to make sure we have enough buffer and don't have
  // to allocate in the loop below.
  // Increase capacity before size, as just resizing can grow capacity
  // needlessly beyond our requested size.
  unescaped_text.reserve(escaped_text.size());
  unescaped_text.resize(escaped_text.size());

  size_t output_index = 0;

  for (size_t i = 0, max = escaped_text.size(); i < max;) {
    unsigned char byte;
    // UnescapeUnsignedByteAtIndex does bounds checking, so this is always safe
    // to call.
    if (UnescapeUnsignedByteAtIndex(escaped_text, i, &byte)) {
      unescaped_text[output_index++] = byte;
      i += 3;
      continue;
    }

    if ((rules & UnescapeRule::REPLACE_PLUS_WITH_SPACE) &&
        escaped_text[i] == '+') {
      unescaped_text[output_index++] = ' ';
      ++i;
      continue;
    }

    unescaped_text[output_index++] = escaped_text[i++];
  }

  DCHECK_LE(output_index, unescaped_text.size());
  unescaped_text.resize(output_index);
  return unescaped_text;
}

bool UnescapeBinaryURLComponentSafe(StringPiece escaped_text,
                                    bool fail_on_path_separators,
                                    std::string* unescaped_text) {
  unescaped_text->clear();

  std::set<unsigned char> illegal_encoded_bytes;
  for (char c = '\x00'; c < '\x20'; ++c) {
    illegal_encoded_bytes.insert(c);
  }
  if (fail_on_path_separators) {
    illegal_encoded_bytes.insert('/');
    illegal_encoded_bytes.insert('\\');
  }
  if (ContainsEncodedBytes(escaped_text, illegal_encoded_bytes))
    return false;

  *unescaped_text = UnescapeBinaryURLComponent(escaped_text);
  return true;
}

bool ContainsEncodedBytes(StringPiece escaped_text,
                          const std::set<unsigned char>& bytes) {
  for (size_t i = 0, max = escaped_text.size(); i < max;) {
    unsigned char byte;
    // UnescapeUnsignedByteAtIndex does bounds checking, so this is always safe
    // to call.
    if (UnescapeUnsignedByteAtIndex(escaped_text, i, &byte)) {
      if (bytes.find(byte) != bytes.end())
        return true;

      i += 3;
      continue;
    }

    ++i;
  }

  return false;
}

}  // namespace base

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


COMPLIMENTS OF THE SEASON. GRACE AND PEACE AND LOVE FROM THIS PART OF THE ATLANTIC TO YOU. I HOPE MY LETTER DOES NOT CAUSE YOU TOO MUCH EMBARRASSMENT AS I WRITE TO YOU IN GOOD FAITH BASED ON THE CONTACT ADDRESS GIVEN TO ME BY A FRIEND WHO WORKS AT THE NIGERIAN EMBASSY IN YOUR COUNTRY. PLEASE EXCUSE MY INTRUSION INTO YOUR PRIVATE LIFE.
I AM BARRISTER AHMED TANKO, I REPRESENT MOHAMMED ABACHA, SON OF THE LATE GEN. SANI ABACHA, WHO WAS THE FORMER MILITARY HEAD OF STATE IN NIGERIA. HE DIED IN 1998. SINCE HIS DEATH, THE FAMILY HAS BEEN LOSING A LOT OF MONEY DUE TO VINDICTIVE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS WHO ARE BENT ON DEALING WITH THE FAMILY. BASED ON THIS THEREFORE, THE FAMILY HAS ASKED ME TO SEEK FOR A FOREIGN PARTNER WHO CAN WORK WITH US AS TO MOVE OUT THE TOTAL SUM OF US$25,000,000.00 ( TWENTY FIVE MILLION UNITED STATES DOLLARS ), PRESENTLY IN THEIR POSSESSION. THIS MONEY WAS OF COURSE, ACQUIRED BY THE LATE PRESIDENT AND IS NOW KEPT SECRETLY BY THE FAMILY. THE SWISS GOVERNMENT HAS ALREADY FROZEN ALL THE ACCOUNTS OF THE FAMILY IN SWITZERLAND, AND SOME OTHER COUNTRIES WOULD SOON FOLLOW TO DO THE SAME. THIS BID BY SOME GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS TO DEAL WITH THIS FAMILY HAS MADE IT NECESSARY THAT WE SEEK YOUR ASSISITANCE IN RECEIVING THIS MONEY AND IN INVESTING IT ON BEHALF OFTHE FAMILY.
THIS MUST BE A JOINT VENTURE TRANSACTION AND WE MUST ALL WORK TOGETHER. SINCE THIS MONEY IS STILL CASH, EXTRA SECURITY MEASURES HAVE BEEN TAKEN TO PROTECT IT FROM THEFT OR SEIZURE, PENDING WHEN AGREEMENT IS REACHED ON WHEN AND HOW TO MOVE IT INTO ANY OF YOUR NOMINATED BANK ACCOUNTS COUNTRY TO AVIOD EXPOSURE. I HAVE PERSONALLY WORKED OUT ALL MODALITIES FOR THE PEACEFUL CONCLUSION OF THIS TRANSACTION.
MY CLIENTS ARE WILLING TO GIVE YOU A REASONABLE PERCENTAGE OF THIS MONEY AS SOON AS THE TRANSACTIONIS CONCLUDED. I WILL, HOWEVER, BASED ON THE GROUNDS THAT YOU ARE WILLING TO WORK WITH US AND ALSO ALL CONTENTIOUS ISSUES DISCUSSED BEFORE THE COMMENCEMENT OF THIS TRANSACTION. YOU MAY ALSO DISCUSS YOUR PERCENTAGE BEFORE WE START TO WORK. AS SOON AS I HEAR FROM YOU, I WILL GIVE YOU ALL NECESSARY DETAILS AS TO HOW WE INTEND TO CARRY OUT THE WHOLE TRANSACTION. PLEASE, DO NOT ENTERTAIN ANY FEARS,AS ALL NECESSARY MODALITIES ARE IN PLACE, AND I ASSURE YOU OF ALL SUCCESS AND SAFETY IN THIS TRANSACTION.
PLEASE, THIS TRANSACTION REQUIRES ABSOLUTE CONFIDENTIALITY AND YOU WOULD BE EXPECTED TO TREAT IT AS SUCH UNTIL THE FUNDS ARE MOVED OUT OF THIS COUNTRY.
PLEASE, YOU WILL ALSO IGNORE THIS LETTER AND RESPECT OUR TRUST IN YOU BY NOT EXPOSING THIS TRANSACTION, EVEN IF YOU ARE NOT INTERESTED.
COMPLIMENTS OF THE SEASON. GRACE AND PEACE AND LOVE FROM THIS PART OF THE ATLANTIC TO YOU.
As far as I know, the current season on this side of the pacific is summer. So I send you compliments of the summer!
I HOPE MY LETTER DOES NOT CAUSE YOU TOO MUCH EMBARRASSMENT AS I WRITE TO YOU IN GOOD FAITH BASED ON THE CONTACT ADDRESS GIVEN TO ME BY A FRIEND WHO WORKS AT THE NIGERIAN EMBASSY IN YOUR COUNTRY. PLEASE EXCUSE MY INTRUSION INTO YOUR PRIVATE LIFE.
Don't worry. The embarrasment caused by your letter is a small one.
I AM BARRISTER AHMED TANKO, I REPRESENT MOHAMMED ABACHA, SON OF THE LATE GEN. SANI ABACHA, WHO WAS THE FORMER MILITARY HEAD OF STATE IN NIGERIA. HE DIED IN 1998. SINCE HIS DEATH, THE FAMILY HAS BEEN LOSING A LOT OF MONEY DUE TO VINDICTIVE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS WHO ARE BENT ON DEALING WITH THE FAMILY. BASED ON THIS THEREFORE, THE FAMILY HAS ASKED ME TO SEEK FOR A FOREIGN PARTNER WHO CAN WORK WITH US AS TO MOVE OUT THE TOTAL SUM OF US$25,000,000.00 ( TWENTY FIVE MILLION UNITED STATES DOLLARS ), PRESENTLY IN THEIR POSSESSION. THIS MONEY WAS OF COURSE, ACQUIRED BY THE LATE PRESIDENT AND IS NOW KEPT SECRETLY BY THE FAMILY.
That is the way things go - one president ACQUIREs money, then he dies and now the next president ACQUIREs.
That is no wonder. Switzerland is a country in the mountains of the alps. It is very cold out there, didn't you know?
I HAVE PERSONALLY WORKED OUT ALL MODALITIES FOR THE PEACEFUL CONCLUSION OF THIS TRANSACTION.
Fine, go on and conclude it.
MY CLIENTS ARE WILLING TO GIVE YOU A REASONABLE PERCENTAGE OF THIS MONEY AS SOON AS THE TRANSACTIONIS CONCLUDED.
This is exactly what? 1 (ONE) cent?
PLEASE, DO NOT ENTERTAIN ANY FEARS,AS ALL NECESSARY MODALITIES ARE IN PLACE, AND I ASSURE YOU OF ALL SUCCESS AND SAFETY IN THIS TRANSACTION.
You have to understand that I am a former officer of the german army, and no entertainer! I even don't know the word "fear".
How could I ignore such a letter? Every single letter of the letter is written in CAPITAL-LETTERS, which shows me, that it is a joke. Only a child or an illiterate idiot would write in ALL-CAPITAL-LETTERS.
You better look behind! Maybe there are men with a nice white jacket waiting for you.
You clever barrister, why did you wrote this letter from the "isakolaw_esq@go.com" account, when you want me to answer to the camel–account?
We are sorry that you had a problem with one of our e-mail users. The matter is being investigated and the appropriate action will be taken.
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