Public Education is not failing. Our middle-class and wealthy public school children are thriving. Poor children are struggling, not because their schools are failing, but because they come to school with all the well-documented handicaps that poverty imposes – poor prenatal care, developmental delays, hunger, illness, homelessness, emotional and mental illnesses, and so on. The faith community could play a critical part in addressing critical social issues across our state and country.


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As wells reach the end of their economic life, proper plug and abandonment (P&A) can safely and permanently mitigate any adverse environmental impact.
Through a unique combination of specialized technologies, proprietary models, and project management, the Well Abandonment Advisor solution manages the complete project from scoping, to regulatory filing, to rig-up and close-out.
A phased approach produces an effective risk-management and compliance-adherence strategy that identifies potential issues before work begins. This reduces the risk of scope creep and helps to ensure the job is done safely, on time, and within budget.
Our three-step process enables proper scoping and risk assessment at the outset. Through careful analysis of the well files, our team can develop an appropriate plan based on a modified turnkey model. This reduces the risk of scope creep and also distributes risk, which decreases the chances of a large, unanticipated bill at the end of the project.
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Rajan Mahtani's Rented Police Arrest ZPC Lawyer – Source
June 9, 2014 Travel No comments
Sources from within the Zambian Police at Ndola Headquarters have tipped Zambia Reports that a well respected lawyer Zacharias Muya was placed under arrest today under the orders of Finance Bank Chairman Rajan Mahtani. The arrest, the source says, relates to Mahtani's ongoing effort to threaten and intimidate the original owners of Zambezi Portland Cement (ZPC).
Mr. Muya, a senior counsel who has overseen numerous claims regarding ZPC before the High Court, was arrested by local police accusing him of "theft" along with Antonio Ventriglia and Daniele Ventriglia, allegedly having used "legal fees" to take money out of the company.
"The arrest of Mr Muya is without grounds, but the police are being forced to act as rented mercenaries for Mr Mahtani in a effort to pressure the ZPC founding owners who are trying to get their property back," the source alleges. "This is the classic modus operandi of a gangster: they use corrupt influence over political figures and police to accuse others of crimes that they themselves commit."
Legal counsel acting on behalf of Antonio Ventriglia amp Manuela Sebastiani have waged an intensive, politically charged legal battle against Mahtani, arguing that he never paid for the shares he claims, and that he illegally appointed new management and accrued new debts while the company was in receivership.
The source told Zambia Reports that Mr. Michael Sata, the President of Zambia, should with immediate effect ensure that Mr. Mahtani is brought to book.
"Sata should also make sure that Mr Muya is immediately released and cleared of the false allegations. He must stop Mahtani from using the police as a private militia," the source said.
As the cement plant has been stripped of its high level management while proceeds from all sales are sucked out of the company to Mahtani's accounts, safety standards have drastically worsened. Earlier this week, a 27-year-old worker was crushed to death in an accident at the plant.
A series of leaked documents recently featured in the media show a vast range of criminal behaviour by Mr Mahtani with regard to ZPC, including forgery, unlawful deportations, and several instances of using the police, including a dramatic armed raid on the $160 million cement plant in order to force out the managers and arrange a sham board meeting to take over the assets.
Source : Zambia Reports

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Lungworms in Donkeys and Horses
Kimberly S. Brown
Credit: Thinkstock Horses that graze with donkeys can be exposed to lungworms. While donkeys with lungworms generally won't show any clinical signs of disease, horses that graze with donkeys can pick up the parasite, which can cause respiratory problems.
Many horse owners these days (including me) have a donkey or two on their property. They make great companions, and most horse folks think they are adorable. Many of these donkeys have been rescued or are given to farm and stable owners.
Donkeys are asses, so they have some different problems than horses, including a propensity to be easy keepers. One thing that is usually mentioned, but not completely understood, is lungworms that are associated with donkeys.
Horses that graze with donkeys can be exposed to lungworms. While donkeys with lungworms generally won't show any clinical signs of disease, horses that graze with donkeys can pick up the parasite, which can cause respiratory problems.
Species Specific
We asked Dr. Nathan Voris, a field veterinarian with Zoetis, to give us some basic facts about lungworms in donkeys and horses.
The lungworm found in donkeys is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, which is different from the lungworm found in cattle (Dictyocaulus viviparous), which causes severe lung damage. These two lungworms do not cross animal species (cattle lungworms don't infect horses and donkeys), but horses can get lungworms from infected donkeys.
Life Cycle and Description
These internal parasites are up to 80 mm long (3 inches) and are a white worm.
Dictyocaulus spp. are host-adapted, meaning horses are almost never infected unless they are grazing with donkeys, according to Voris. "D. arnfieldi cannot reach adult, reproductive stages in the horse, so an infected horse cannot infect other horses," he noted. "Infected donkeys are clinically unaffected by lungworm infections, whereas horses can suffer respiratory irritation/bronchitis. In the donkey, adult worms live in the terminal bronchioles and can be found in the major airways. Following reproduction, immature lungworms--or larvae-a-re coughed up, swallowed, then passed in the feces, infecting the pasture."
What this means is that while lungworms can infect horses, they cannot reproduce in horse—which makes horses a "dead-end host" for this parasite.
"Since horses are not definitive hosts, reproductive stages will not be found in horses," emphasized Voris. "Therefore, eggs and larvae of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi will not be present in feces, making them difficult to identify as the definitive cause of respiratory disease in the horse."
Larval culture of donkey feces is the definitive diagnostic tool.
Problems in Horses
In horses that show clinical signs of coughing or respiratory disease, it can be difficult to diagnose lungworms as the culprit. For horses with respiratory problems that graze with donkeys, a veterinarian might take a fecal sample from the donkey to look for the lungworm larvae or perform diagnostic tests to further define the type of Inflammatory Airway Disease (IAD) being experienced by the horse.
"Unlike cattle lungworm infection, equine lungworm infection is restricted to the bronchial tree (the part of the windpipe just before and after it branches to go to each lung) so lung damage, per se, should not occur," noted Voris. "However, lungworms can cause Inflammatory airway disease, which can be difficult to manage. Unfortunately, lungworm infection can be difficult to definitively diagnose as the cause of the problem and is often diagnosed via 'guilt by association' when there is a history of the horse grazing with a donkey."
Voris said horses grazing with donkeys are at risk for lungworm infections. "Make sure both the horses and donkeys are dewormed appropriately," he advised. "Grazing horses and donkeys in separate pastures will prevent exposure."
Your veterinarian can help advise you on how to best protect your horses and donkeys against parasite infections.
West Nile Virus 2013; Are Your Horses Protected?
West Nile virus is continuing to be found throughout the country in mosquitoes, birds, animals (including horses) and humans. While there is not a vaccine to protect humans, there is a vaccine to protect horses.
Fire Ant Bites and Stings Can Cause Horse Health Issues
Fire ants deliver a simultaneous bite and sting that are very painful. The threat of fire ants to healthy, ambulatory adult animals is fairly minimal. However, fire ants can be a significant threat to young or recumbent animals.
Facial Expressions Studied From Horses Tasting Sweet and Sour
There has been a lot of research done in humans and primates (and even rats) to determine how they react to sweet and sour tastes. Recently a study showed that horses have very similar facial responses to sweet and sour as do rodents and primates.
Guelph Offers Infection Control Resources Online
Blood Tests For Life
We humans think nothing of having our blood drawn annually to have a "screen" of tests run to give us an accurate account of where some of our important baseline "numbers" stand. Did you know the same type of testing is available for your horse?
Your Help Needed To Combat Internal Parasites Naturally
Pigeon Fever Update; Guidelines Released By AAEP
The American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) has released guidelines for better understanding, diagnosis, treatment and control of pigeon fever.
Let the Germs Get the Worms Research Update
West Nile Virus Update
Fall is quickly arriving in many parts of the country, but even here in Wyoming where the weather forecast is calling for snow, they are still reporting new equine cases of West Nile virus. Information from the CDC points to continuing cases of WNV.


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Q: How to count the number of the resulting rows in sql? I'm trying to get the total number of rows in the result but my query only shows the records but is not counting them.
I used the count function but it didn't work.
SELECT BOM.STYLE_ID,
       BOM.SEASON_ID,
       (CASE WHEN bom.Content_class = upper('ART') THEN
             (CASE WHEN bom.Mat_ref_id IN (SELECT mat_ref_id
                                           FROM iplexmat_material_parm
                                           WHERE artwrk_type = 'EMB') THEN count(Mat_ref_id)
                       ELSE '' END)
            END) AS EMBRO,
       (CASE
             WHEN bom.Mat_ref_id IN
                    (SELECT mat_ref_id
                     FROM iplexmat_material_parm
                     WHERE artwrk_type = 'PRT') THEN count(Mat_ref_id)
             ELSE 0
        END) AS PRINTINGG
FROM IPLEXSTY_AD_BOM_DTL BOM
WHERE CONTENT_CLASS = 'ART'
AND Style_id = 'S1407LHFFR029L'
GROUP BY BOM.STYLE_ID,
         bom.Content_class,
         BOM.SEASON_ID,
         Mat_ref_id;

what I want is the total number of rows to be displayed in the query when the given parameters in the query returns true. So there should be only one row as a result. Null values should not be included.

A: It can be achieved using cte or without cte - COUNT(1) OVER().
This approach with cte:
;with cte as
(
SELECT BOM.STYLE_ID, BOM.SEASON_ID,
   (CASE WHEN bom.Content_class = upper('ART') THEN
        (case when bom.Mat_ref_id in (select mat_ref_id from iplexmat_material_parm where artwrk_type = 'EMB') then
            count(Mat_ref_id) ELSE '' END)end) AS EMBRO,

        (case when bom.Mat_ref_id in (select mat_ref_id from iplexmat_material_parm where artwrk_type = 'PRT') THEN
        count(Mat_ref_id) ELSE 0 END) AS PRINTINGG
FROM IPLEXSTY_AD_BOM_DTL BOM
WHERE CONTENT_CLASS = 'ART' AND Style_id = 'S1407LHFFR029L'
GROUP BY BOM.STYLE_ID, bom.Content_class,BOM.SEASON_ID,Mat_ref_id
)
SELECT
*
, (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM cte) -- Number of rows
FROM cte

A simple example:
DECLARE @TestTable TABLE
(
    Col1 VARCHAR(10),
    Col2 INT,
    Col3 INT
)

INSERT INTO @TestTable
(
    Col1,
    Col2,
    Col3
)
VALUES
 ('A',         10,       20)
,('A',         11,       30)
,('A',         12,       40)
,('A',         12,       60)

-- Without cte:
SELECT
*
, COUNT(1) OVER() OverallRowCount
FROM @TestTable tt

UPDATE(thanks to Panagiotis Kanavos ). This approach without cte:
SELECT
  BOM.STYLE_ID
, BOM.SEASON_ID
, (CASE WHEN bom.Content_class = upper('ART') THEN
    (case when bom.Mat_ref_id in (select mat_ref_id from iplexmat_material_parm where artwrk_type = 'EMB')
        then count(Mat_ref_id) ELSE '' END)end) AS EMBRO
, (case when bom.Mat_ref_id in (select mat_ref_id from iplexmat_material_parm
    where artwrk_type = 'PRT') THEN
    count(Mat_ref_id) ELSE 0 END) AS PRINTINGG
,  COUNT(1) OVER() OverallRowCount
FROM IPLEXSTY_AD_BOM_DTL BOM
WHERE CONTENT_CLASS = 'ART' AND Style_id = 'S1407LHFFR029L'
GROUP BY BOM.STYLE_ID, bom.Content_class,BOM.SEASON_ID,Mat_ref_id

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Posted tagged 'Janice Houghs'
Lies, damn lies and Trumpisms.
Former University of Florida and current Ohio State coach Urban Meyer "If you intentionally lie about committing violations, your career is over." And he said it with a straight face
If Green Bay fans want to give up season tickets over @Packers making statements about racism, sure plenty of younger enlightened fans will take them.
Took decades, but mean bitch Karma finally found a hole in that Teflon coat Rick Pitino's been wearing.
If all NBA players must stand for anthem as mark of respect, can league play national anthems of foreign players as mark of respect?
As woman who has been feeling increasingly uncomfortable w/ football over CTE now feel like I must watch to defend civil rights.
Who knew #TonyRomo might have Hall of Fame credentials. As a broadcaster?
As much as I rag on airlines, United for example has had relief shipments to Puerto Rico since last weekend. Maybe Trump White House should, gasp, hire some airline people to improve efficiency.
Many of younger generation may be asking tonight "What was Playboy?" And others are asking "What was a magazine?" #HughHefner.
Sarah Huckabee Sanders, asked about Trump's NFL criticism ""I don't think there's much to clarify, it's pretty black & white."
#whythereisnosatire
Trump threatened Joe Donnelly that if the Indiana Senator. doesn't support his tax plan, Trump will campaign against him. Yeah, that really hurt Roy Moore
Just guessing that all those in GOP decrying rise of folks like Roy Moore never read Mary Shelley in high school. #Frankenstein
Ikea is buying Taskrabbit. Oddly enough, if their furniture came pre-assembled, Taskrabbit might never have existed.
White House is investigating Jared & Ivanka's use of private emails. When done they will probably next investigate Trump's tax returns.
Students who kneel during anthem can be banned from football. With Betsy Devos they'll have better chance to play if accused of sexual assault.
Alabama GOP official Gary Head to Toronto reporter Daniel Dale "I believe in Jesus Christ myself and I don't have any problems with anybody's religion as long as it's Christian.I don't go along with the Muslim religion."
Jesus wept. Literally.
Trump's fixation on Puerto Rico being an island you can't drive trucks to is in keeping with his delusion that a wall will stop immigration.
Steve Scalise, upon his return to the Capitol, praised the officers who saved his life, David Baily and Crystal Griner, saying they are "like family."
So now would be a good time for Scalise to acknowledge that he was wrong; that Crystal's marriage is a good thing and her wife is REAL family.
Jared Kushner didn't tell Senate intel committee he had personal email account. To be fair he was probably agonizing which bathroom to use.
#NationalPoetryDay "The best lack all conviction, while the worst. Are full of passionate intensity." WB Yeats.
On a rare serious note, managed to see the Kent State portion of Ken Burns' Vietnam, which was sad and compelling.
Remember as a kid, thinking, those people are my babysitters' ages…and remember being appalled. Still remember all four names. But what we forget, as Burns said in an interview -that " a majority — a vast majority — of Americans approved of the guardsmen. That there was incredibly cruel hate mail and vilification of the people who died."
Change takes time.
Tags: Janice Houghs, kneeling jokes, NFL jokes, sarah huckabee sanders jokes, Trump jokes
Crime$ and mi$demeanor$?
90 people were arrested today, 50 in Florida, for Medicare fraud schemes estimated to total $260 million. But to be fair, the Florida folks say they were just training to run for Governor.
The NBA on last night's OKC-LA officiating hiccup: "There has to be 'clear and conclusive' evidence. Since no replay provided such evidence, the play correctly stood as called with the Thunder retaining possession." Translation, "you really think we're going to admit to changing the outcome of a playoff game?"
The NCAA penalized Oklahoma State because the football program's Academic Progress Rate score has dropped below the minimum standard. So the Cowboys will lose the equivalent of one day's practice a week. But OSU avoided worse sanctions, like making the players actually go to class.
Joran van der Sloot, the main suspect in Natalee Hollowa's disappearance, is serving a 28-year sentence in Peru for killing a local woman. And now he's getting MARRIED. To a woman he met while in prison, who is pregnant with his child. Can we title this "Not so smart woman, exceptionally foolish choices."?
Really? NY Daily News headline today "Nicole Kidman sparks plastic surgery rumors at Cannes?" So what's their next headline? "This internet thing could be really big!"?
MLB changed the call on David Ortiz's 7th inning hit that fell between two fielders in right field during Yu Darvish's near no-hitter from an error to a single. Just wondering, if it wasn't a star like Big Papi, would MLB even have considered it?
A girl escaped with scrapes and two little boys are in stable condition after wind gusts swept their inflatable bounce house into the air with them inside. Fortunately they fell out relatively quickly although the inflatable house eventually rose 50 feet and drifted several hundred yards before landing. Some will see this story and think "lawsuit", others will think "how do I make a bounce house do that?"
Dallas sports anchor Dale Hansen is back. Not doing much for the Stone Age reputation of older white Southern men: "When Sam was seen celebrating with his family — and boyfriend — the world apparently shook, we almost collided with the sun, and yet SOMEHOW, we have survived another day."–
The Missouri legislature just passed legislation requiring women to wait 72 hours to have an abortion. If they really wanted to stop abortion maybe all these mostly male legislators could pass a law making men wait 72 hours to have sex.
Donald Sterling now says if he can keep the Clippers he won't have to worry about an NBA players boycott. He really thinks the team will keep playing? Heck, looks like they quit already with a minute left in game five.
Ben Sasse, who just won the GOP Primary to run for U.S. Senator from Nebraska, says on his website "Government cannot force citizens to violate their religious beliefs under any circumstances. He will fight for the right of all Americans to act in accordance with their conscience." Let me guess, in all his time at Harvard and Yale, one class Sasse never took was "Comparative Religions?"
Leland Yee is still on the ballot as running for California Secretary of State. And no doubt more than a few Californians will say "Hey, I know that name from somewhere," and vote for him.
The Pac-12 is set to announce that it will move their league championship football game to the 49ers' new Santa Clara facility. Well, this will guarantee fans at Levi's stadium the ability to see top college-level talent this year, other than the Redskins in November.
Categories: baseball jokes, political jokes, Uncategorized
Tags: Florida jokes, GOP jokes, Janice Houghs, NBA jokes, NCAA jokes, Sterling jokes
A really not so big show?
NBA playoffs on TNT. You know we're talking major media outlet when the commercials are for CaliforniaPsychics.com "$1 a minute but the first question is free.
This post is a joint effort with my friend Alex Kaseberg: Not saying the Los Angeles Dodgers are playing badly. But the team has started referring to Dodger Stadium as "the Friendly Confines."
In yesterday's Astros-Angels game, the umpires mistakenly allowed Houston to make a second pitching change before the original reliever threw a pitch. (This is illegal starting in Little League.) So after the missed home run call Wednesday, we've now had blind, and dumb. Waiting to see what they'll do for deaf.
If it's not one thing, it's another. New Rutgers men's basketball coach Eddie Jordan said he was a 1977 graduate from the university. But apparently while Jordan attended Rutgers, he never received a degree. So maybe this makes Eddie a perfect fit for today's players.–
1 in 8 Americans over the age of 60 says their memory is getting worse, which could be a sign of a Alzheimer's problem. On the other hand as most parents who remind teenagers of various things will confirm ….memory loss begins at puberty.
"Teen Mom" Farrah Abraham says that despite selling her sex tape for $1 million, she's "not that sexually active." Glad she cleared that up. Her parents must be so proud.
Suri Cruise, 7, has apparently signed (?!) a contract to launch a fashion line for young girls. The first "Suri" collection will be available this fall in New York. Well, at least Suri's older than the kids who will be making the clothes.
An American Heart Association study found that owning a pet and found that owning a pet is "probably associated" with a lower risk of heart disease. This may be because of the companionship, or in the case of cats, because they teach people how to relax and not give a sh*t.
Roy Halladay today apologized to Philly fans for his performance before going on the DL, "….and my heart goes out to all of the people who spend all of their money and go out to the games and don't get to see what they want to see." Down in Los Angeles, Angels and Dodgers fans are waiting for apologies from their whole teams.
MLB has suspended umpire Fieldin Culbreth for two games. Culbreth is the crew chief who didn't know on Thursday that a relief pitcher has to face one batter before being replaced. Presumably two days off is enough time to read the rule book?
On the players' side, Cincinnati Reds minor league pitcher Daniel Tuttle has been suspended for 100 games for a THIRD violation baseball's drug program. Getting caught three times?! At this point that's being suspended for stupidity as much as drugs.
One of the "fastest rising" baby names for boys in the U.S. is "Messiah." If the trend continues, how many Jewish moms will name their son "Doctor?"
Hooters is giving free meals to moms on Mother's Day. Only thing worse than taking your mom to Hooters on Mother's Day? Going to Hooters on Mother's Day and seeing mom at work.
Categories: baseball jokes, political jokes, sports jokes, Uncategorized
Tags: Dodgers jokes, Janice Hough, Janice Houghs, mothers day jokes, NBA jokes
Comments: 1 Comment
Not standing the Heat.
Miami defeated Boston in the Eastern Conference Finals Saturday night. Interesting phenomenon in this series. Most of America was rooting for the Celtics, and most of those rooting for the Heat were just doing so in hopes of seeing the Thunder beat them in the finals.
As my friend Tony Alan Banks said, "I just felt a thud and heard a sound. I think it was America jumping on the Oklahoma City bandwagon."
Ben Roethlisberger and his wife of a year Ashley, are apparently expecting a son. The Steelers QB announced this on his website, saying "It is truly a blessing and we are so excited!" Especially since the baby isn't a girl, so Ben won't have to warn the child "Stay away from men like Daddy." –
What's a bigger shock this weekend, that the Washington Nationals are on the verge of sweeping the Boston Red Sox. Or that so far in 2012, the Nationals are unquestionably the better team.
Spain is the latest Eurozone country that looks to be in need of a bailout. Maybe what President Obama REALLY should have done with this mess of an economy is have the U.S. join the Euro and then cry for help?
Not that I'm a boxing fan, but from what I read tonight's welterweight boxing split decision win of Timothy Bradley over Manny Pacquiao was controversial enough many think the U.S. Supreme Court had to be involved.
Regarding New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg's plan to ban large sugary drinks – wonder if he hopes to have it in place in time for the July 4 Nathan's hot dog eating contest? –
The Devils have forced game 6 against the Kings? Most Americans hearing this are asking "Is this some sort of religious competition?"
Mitt Romney keeps talking about throwing President Obama out of office because he hasn't fixed the economy in 3 1/2 years. But how about this quote: "Most turnarounds in American industry are anywhere between four and five years. And we're at the beginning of the journey, not the end of the journey." From that noted liberal Meg Whitman, now at HP.
Now that "I'll Have Another" is out of the Belmont Stakes, who was the favorite? Yeah, alas I didn't care either.
Union Rags ended up winning the Belmont Stakes today in a time of 2 minutes, 30 42/100 seconds. Over six seconds behind Secretariat's 1973 2 min 24 second record and one of the slower Belmont's ever. If the 3 year olds weren't all male, you might have thought they stopped to ask for directions.
Regarding Mitt Romney's anti-Obama comment "He says we need more firemen, more policemen, more teachers. Did he not get the message of Wisconsin? The American people did. It's time for us to cut back on government and help the American people." Uh, wonder if Mitt has a private security and fire force for his mansion?
And we wonder how the "dumb jock" label got started. Denver Broncos LB D.J. Williams tweeted a picture of his digital playbook: The picture revealed several defensive formations. (Apparently a team official called him and the tweet was removed.)
Tags: Belmont Stakes jokes, Janice Houghs, Miami Heat jokes, Romney jokes. NBA jokes, Triple Crown jokes


text:
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Black-Eyed Kid Encounter – Ohio July 2010
Posted on December 8, 2022 December 7, 2022 by Spooky
Since you guys love Black-eyed kids stories so much I went on a hunt for one in or around Appalachia and found this one in Ohio. It doesn't say what part of Ohio, but it's a good story nonetheless.
A report from an Ohio man who was given the pseudonym "Noetic" told of a strange encounter in July 2010 with two black-eyed teenagers outside the data center where he worked. Noetic was taking a break during his night shift and was smoking a cigarette outside the building at around 5:00 AM when he noticed two teenage boys across the street from his building. He felt immediately unnerved as soon as he noticed them, perhaps because they appeared to be staring straight at him but were otherwise motionless.
He quickly finished his cigarette and went back inside the building and back to work. Around 10 minutes later, however, the intercom from the front door buzzed, and as Noetic turned to observe the monitors, he could see that it was the two boys who had been staring him down earlier. He pressed the talk button and asked what they wanted, stating he was busy. Neither of the boys spoke, but one of them motioned to the camera for him to come outside. He pressed the talk button again, told them they would have to leave, and then went back to work.
The two boys continued to stare into the camera as though they were looking through the TV monitor into the room where he worked. After another 10 minutes or so, Noetic decided to go to the front door and ask the boys to leave and to let him get on with his job. Before he opened the door, however, he sneaked a look at the two boys through the one-way glass. They looked normal enough, apart from the fact that they had completely black eyes. This made him feel even more on edge, but he decided to open the door anyway and tell the boys to leave or he would have to call the police.
As soon as he opened the door, one of the boys said to him as if he had been reading his mind, "That will not be necessary sir, we simply need to use your phone, can you let us in?" Noetic declined, saying that nobody was allowed in. The boys asked again to be invited into the building and then stood there staring at the now distressed man. Noetic pulled out his mobile phone, repeating his threat to call the police and pulled the door shut again.He went back to observe the pair from the safety of the monitor. One boy remained at the door and stared into the camera, while the other boy made his way to the back of the building and stared into the camera there.
Noetic called the police, all the while watching his monitors. The boys made their way to a "blind spot" on the system's security cameras, but while Noetic waited for them to reappear on one of his monitors, they seemed to have simply vanished. By the time the police did arrive at around 6:00 AM, there was no sign of either of the two strange teenagers.
If you've ever worked at night somewhere like this you know it can get from dull to a high 10 in creepiness in no time. I can't imagine having something like this happening. Remember if you have a story you would like to see get published here, you can email us at webmaster@spookyappalachia.com.
Source: https://listverse.com/2016/06/15/10-bizarre-but-chilling-encounters-with-black-eyed-children/#:~:text=Perhaps%20one%20of%20the%20first%20urban%20legends%20of,when%20a%20knock%20came%20at%20his%20car%20window.
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The Story of King's Bend Tunnel – Wetzel County, West Virginia
That Time I Saw a UFO – From Appalachian Oddity
The Story of Indrid Cold
Possible Mothman Sightings – Witbank, South Africa
Possible Demonic Attack – Clarkston, WA, 2005
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We are pleased to be offering today this beautiful solid tiger sawn oak Victorian age bookcase that was most likely sold by the Paine Furniture Company due to the quality and heaviness. I am dating this from the 1880's. It is all solid tiger sawn oak and it has four dove tail drawers. There is carving everyplace. The overall size is 57 inches by 19 inches by 59 inches high. The height of the doors which have the original glass are approximately 41 inches high. There are three adjustable shelves inside. The condition is great. There are a couple of cracks in the very top and in the back panel where it shrunk over the years. The drawers are all round dove tail. It would look even better refinished, which we can do for an additional charge. Shipping starts at $385 for a driveway delivery in our normal area. Please contact us prior to purchase to confirm that you are in our normal area.


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Q: How to exclude a particular package from obfuscation? I am using proguard for obfuscating  for jar. The jar has three packages (SAY A,B,C). I want a particular package to be excluded from obfuscating (a) How can we achieve this?
How to write the config file for this?


Watch the GDR (Genesis Demolition Recycler) up close while demolishing a bridge.
All Genesis Demolition Recyclers are covered by a 12-month, 1,500-hour (whichever occurs first) warranty.
A powerful demolition tool, the Genesis Demolition Recycler is the all-purpose processing and cutting attachment for high-reach and standard projects as well as road and bridge demolition. Genesis Attachments designed the Demolition Recycler for concrete processing as well as downsizing concrete and debris for recycling. The GDR minimizes dust, noise and flying debris while maximizing productivity.
With pulverizer, concrete cracker and shear jaw options for the 150, 200 and 300 models, and pulverizer and concrete cracker jaw options for the GDR 400, the GDR features 360-degree rotation for maximum maneuverability, a powerful large-bore cylinder, and easily-replaced teeth and blades to minimize maintenance downtime. An extended upper plate and chin aid in positioning material for processing, and the GDR operates on 28,000 lb. to 100,000 lb. excavators.


text:
How to Use Parallel Streams in Java
JavaFX: Binding Properties
How to Install JavaFX and Scene Builder
A Few Things about Java GUIs
Getting a Value from a Method in Java
Java All-in-One For Dummies, 4th Edition
By Doug Lowe
Streams in Java come in two basic flavors: sequential and parallel. Elements in a sequential stream are produced by the stream method and create streams that are processed one element after the next. Parallel streams, in contrast, can take full advantage of multicore processors by breaking its elements into two or more smaller streams, performing operations on them, and then recombining the separate streams to create the final result stream.
Each of the intermediate streams can be processed by a separate thread, which can improve performance for large streams.
By default, streams are sequential. But creating a parallel stream is easy: Just use the parallelStream method instead of the stream method at the beginning of the pipeline.
For example, to print all of HP's spells using a parallel stream, use this code:
spells.parallelStream()
.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
Note that when you use a parallel stream, you can't predict the order in which each element of the stream is processed. That's because when the stream is split and run on two or more threads, the order in which the processor executes the threads is not predictable.
To demonstrate this point, consider this simple example:
System.out.println("First Parallel stream: ");
System.out.println("nSecond Parallel stream: ");
When you execute this code, the results will look something like this:
First parallel stream:
Fidelius
Finite Incatatum
Engorgio
Locomotor Mortis
Aparecium
Second parallel stream:
Notice that although the same spells are printed for each of the streams, they are printed in a different order.


text:
package me.ezjs.generator.mybatis.codegen.mybatis3.javamapper.elements.annotated;

import static me.ezjs.generator.mybatis.api.dom.OutputUtilities.javaIndent;

import java.util.Iterator;

import me.ezjs.generator.mybatis.api.IntrospectedColumn;
import me.ezjs.generator.mybatis.api.dom.java.FullyQualifiedJavaType;
import me.ezjs.generator.mybatis.api.dom.java.Method;
import me.ezjs.generator.mybatis.codegen.mybatis3.javamapper.elements.SelectByExampleWithBLOBsMethodGenerator;
import me.ezjs.generator.mybatis.api.dom.java.Interface;

/**
 *
 * @author Jeff Butler
 */
public class AnnotatedSelectByExampleWithBLOBsMethodGenerator extends
        SelectByExampleWithBLOBsMethodGenerator {

    public AnnotatedSelectByExampleWithBLOBsMethodGenerator() {
        super();
    }

    @Override
    public void addMapperAnnotations(Interface interfaze, Method method) {
        FullyQualifiedJavaType fqjt = new FullyQualifiedJavaType(introspectedTable.getMyBatis3SqlProviderType());
        interfaze.addImportedType(new FullyQualifiedJavaType("org.apache.ibatis.annotations.SelectProvider")); //$NON-NLS-1$
        interfaze.addImportedType(new FullyQualifiedJavaType("org.apache.ibatis.type.JdbcType")); //$NON-NLS-1$

        if (introspectedTable.isConstructorBased()) {
            interfaze.addImportedType(new FullyQualifiedJavaType("org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Arg")); //$NON-NLS-1$
            interfaze.addImportedType(new FullyQualifiedJavaType("org.apache.ibatis.annotations.ConstructorArgs")); //$NON-NLS-1$
        } else {
            interfaze.addImportedType(new FullyQualifiedJavaType("org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Result")); //$NON-NLS-1$
            interfaze.addImportedType(new FullyQualifiedJavaType("org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Results")); //$NON-NLS-1$
        }

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("@SelectProvider(type="); //$NON-NLS-1$
        sb.append(fqjt.getShortName());
        sb.append(".class, method=\""); //$NON-NLS-1$
        sb.append(introspectedTable.getSelectByExampleWithBLOBsStatementId());
        sb.append("\")"); //$NON-NLS-1$

        method.addAnnotation(sb.toString());

        if (introspectedTable.isConstructorBased()) {
            method.addAnnotation("@ConstructorArgs({"); //$NON-NLS-1$
        } else {
            method.addAnnotation("@Results({"); //$NON-NLS-1$
        }

        Iterator<IntrospectedColumn> iterPk = introspectedTable.getPrimaryKeyColumns().iterator();
        Iterator<IntrospectedColumn> iterNonPk = introspectedTable.getNonPrimaryKeyColumns().iterator();
        while (iterPk.hasNext()) {
            IntrospectedColumn introspectedColumn = iterPk.next();
            sb.setLength(0);
            javaIndent(sb, 1);
            sb.append(getResultAnnotation(interfaze, introspectedColumn, true,
                    introspectedTable.isConstructorBased()));

            if (iterPk.hasNext() || iterNonPk.hasNext()) {
                sb.append(',');
            }

            method.addAnnotation(sb.toString());
        }

        while (iterNonPk.hasNext()) {
            IntrospectedColumn introspectedColumn = iterNonPk.next();
            sb.setLength(0);
            javaIndent(sb, 1);
            sb.append(getResultAnnotation(interfaze, introspectedColumn, false,
                    introspectedTable.isConstructorBased()));

            if (iterNonPk.hasNext()) {
                sb.append(',');
            }

            method.addAnnotation(sb.toString());
        }

        method.addAnnotation("})"); //$NON-NLS-1$
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our latest wallpaper collection Passion is an homage to the enthusiasts. An appeal and encouragement for every person to dare to take space. Physical space! For creation, recreation or both. If you don't have a hobby, you'll have to make one up –we believe that the happiness you receive from a room or space of your own is as great in adults as it is in children. A room of your own with a rhythm, order and mess of its own. It sounds delightful, doesn't it?
Ten fictional characters stand model for the need as well as the collection – The Creator, The Gardener and The Philosopher are some of them. For The Adventurer, we wanted to create a wallpaper filled with authentic, beautifully patinated suitcases.
Luckily, our designer Johanna has an unfailing ability to sniff out exciting and unconventional designer collaborations where you least expect them – not seldom with collectors and enthusiasts. For the suitcases, she then found, to our great joy, "The Trunk Man" Anders. Stockholmer, chimney sweep and collector for 5, 15 and 7 years.
The suitcase enthusiast Anders Pettersson Lindberg is mostly known as "The Trunk Man", "Koffertmannen" in Swedish, which also happens to be the name of his Instagram account, where we first found out about him. For 15 years he has spent his working days as a chimney sweep at dizzying heights among the chimneys and rooftops of Stockholm, with a view most people can only dream about. On top of that, he is in possession of the country's most beautiful collection of suitcases, trunks and hatboxes!
Telefonplan in Stockholm, where Anders nowadays lives with his family, is artsy, friendly and full of vintage. The collaborations are many, and Anders mentions Svenska Armaturer and Vintagefabriken as two things to keep in mind if you are in the neighbourhood and looking for glass lamps, retro fashion and interior design. Anders, on the other hand, keeps the country's retro lovers, interior decorators and props masters supplied with trunks of every kind.
So how did Anders from Ösmo become "The Trunk Man"? It all started with him saving a light blue trunk from the landfill when a neighbour was about to throw it away while moving. Anders took pity on the suitcase and carried it up to his apartment. Up there, it looked a bit lonely… The thought "I need a stack!" resulted in five additional trunks, as well as a great looking still life, an increased interest and a continuously growing collection.
When Anders invited his girlfriend, now wife, over to the apartment for the first time, she carefully commented that "you have quite a few suitcases…" Anders took the hint and sold off a few trunks on a sales site where the interest for his trunks turned out to be great. Too great for Anders to pass up on, and soon the business, the website and the company registration were a fact. Anders had made a name for himself as a great supplier, often hired by interior decorators and props masters. Period correct suitcases for the musical Evita? – No problem. Unusual and hard to find suitcases for Lexington's Flag Ship Store in the PUB department store in Stockholm? – No problem. For Anders, the hunt and the many encounters are the greatest benefits.
It is easy to assume that Anders has been a collector since childhood, but the truth is that he has always had a keen sense for business. From selling small plastic bags with Star Wars figures to children of the same age at school, to today's showroom filled with trunks. It might sound more cold than romantic for the dreamer; but if it wasn't for the ability completely to fall in love with a suitcase in combination with an unsentimental approach, it would never work.
Especially beautiful pieces get a stopover at the apartment that he shares with his wife and their two children, which by the way was the same love that initially pushed Anders and some of the suitcases out into the market. Something he is very grateful for today.
During an autumn day in 2015, we were given access to Anders collection. Designer Johanna put together a creative team for the task at hand: photographer Niclas and designer assistant Marcus. Niclas arranged the lighting, Marcus rearranged the rich collection and Johanna combined suitcases with colours and shapes that corresponded with the initial wallpaper sketch.
After that, they together built module after module of suitcase stacks. The work wasn't entirely different from a full-scale Tetris.
The finished product wasn't just one, but four different wall murals that can be linked together, kind of like how Johanna initially works.
Since February 2016, Anders runs a showroom on Aprilgatan 6 in Midsommarkransen, open for appointments on weekdays and for drop-by visits on Saturdays. If you want to see the things moving through the product range, his Instagram account @koffertmannen is where to go!


structured problem sets. Engineering design is made central to the curriculum and thus forms the core of the programme. The discipline integrates content from other mechanical engineering courses with design philosophies and best practices and develops both team and individual skills.


The African Pygmy Kingfisher (Ispidina picta) is a small insectivorous kingfisher found in the Afrotropics, mostly in woodland habitats. Some texts refer to this species as Ceyx pictus.
The African Pygmy Kingfisher is approximately 12-13 cm in length. A very small kingfisher with rufous underparts and a blue back extending down to the tail. The dark blue crown of the adult separates it from the African Dwarf Kingfisher. The smaller size and violet wash on the ear coverts distinguish it from the similar Malachite Kingfisher.
The natalensis subspecies occurring in the south of the range has paler underparts and a blue spot above the white ear patch. Juveniles have less extensive violet on their ear coverts and a black rather than orange bill. Usually found singly or in pairs. Secretive and unobtrusive. The call is a high-pitched insect-like "tsip-tsip" given in flight. The African Pygmy-Kingfisher is found in woodland, savanna and coastal forest. Being insectivorous, it is not bound to water.
The African Pygmy Kingfisher is distributed widely in Africa south of the Sahara, where it is a common resident and intra-African migrant. It is absent from much of the horn of Africa, and also the drier western regions of Southern Africa.


Located in the municipality of Banes, Guardalavaca is the third Cuban tourist point. It is one of the first ports discovered by Columbus and he fell in love with it. Place of refuge for corsairs and pirates, it was ideal for the smuggling, especially for products coming from Europe in exchange for cattle skin.
One of the legends explaining the name of the territory is related to this activity. According to the story the natives screamed "¡Guarda la vaca! (in English 'Keep the cow!') when they saw the looters by the sea.
The area of Guardalavaca was an unknown place until the end of the 20th century, in the 90s, when it was quickly developed due to the creation of great touristic complexes in the area. As you will see on your way through Guardalavaca, the situation is not underrated, due to the beauty of its beaches, particularly the Playa de Guardalavaca Beach.
During your stay in Guardalavaca you will have the chance of going on a trip to discover the encloses with the greatest natural, historical and cultural value, where you can arrive to the archeological museum, the taína village or the same Gibara.
The Playa de Guardalavaca Beach is characterized by its shell shape and its fine white sand which extends until it goes into the crystalline waters. Up North, the beautiful beach is closed by a coral reef which imposes tranquility to its waters, while the Southern part is occupied by green thick vegetation.
Among the most outstanding activities you can practice in these area you can find calmly sunbathing, or aquatic sports such as windsurfing, diving, kayaking and boat tours, among others.
Do not miss the chance of visiting one of the most beautiful areas in Cuba.


text:
Dr Adam Cathcart quoted in the Washington Post
School of History news Thursday 28 September 2017
Dr Adam Cathcart is quoted in a Washington Post article "North Korea's rhetoric is the same it's always been. It's the U.S. response that makes things different this time."
The article can be read online at the Washington Post. More information on Dr Cathcart is available at our people section.
See all School of History news
How modern writers connect with the Holocaust
School of History - Friday 27 January 2023
How British theatre censorship laws have inadvertently created a rich archive of Black history
School of History - Tuesday 17 January 2023
Sanjoy's Yuletide starter for ten at the BBC
School of History - Tuesday 13 December 2022


text:
data descriptors
A new global dataset of bioclimatic indicators
Data Descriptor
Sergio Noce ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6040-56381,
Luca Caporaso ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1370-693X1,2 &
Monia Santini ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8041-82411
Scientific Data volume 7, Article number: 398 (2020) Cite this article
Climate and Earth system modelling
Climate-change impacts
This study presents a new global gridded dataset of bioclimatic indicators at 0.5° by 0.5° resolution for historical and future conditions. The dataset, called CMCC-BioClimInd, provides a set of 35 bioclimatic indices, expressed as mean values over each time interval, derived from post-processing both climate reanalysis for historical period (1960–1999) and an ensemble of 11 bias corrected CMIP5 simulations under two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios for future climate projections along two periods (2040–2079 and 2060–2099). This new dataset complements the availability of spatialized bioclimatic information, crucial aspect in many ecological and environmental wide scale applications and for several disciplines, including forestry, biodiversity conservation, plant and landscape ecology. The data of individual indicators are publicly available for download in the commonly used Network Common Data Form 4 (NetCDF4) format.
Measurement(s) bioclimatic indicators
Technology Type(s) Geographic Information System • computational modeling technique
Factor Type(s) temporal interval • geographic location
Sample Characteristic - Environment climate system
Sample Characteristic - Location global
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12927443
Background & Summary
Climate change impacts, affecting primarily ecosystems' functions and consequently human sectors, have become a crucial topic within the scientific community (https://www.ipcc.ch/working-group/wg2/) and most recently across the whole society and sustainable development efforts (https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg13). Average climate patterns, mainly represented by intra-annual (monthly to seasonal) temperature and precipitation cycle, directly influence the distribution, abundance and interactions of biological species, with consolidated evidence of how observed and expected variations in climate conditions can undermine the ecosystems' ecological equilibrium1,2,3.
Under faster and faster environmental modifications over lands4, climate datasets and efficient processing chains applied on them allow answering many urgent questions of biogeographical sciences about climate change impacts on living organisms (e.g. animals, plants, bacteria), even through the interactions they have with the surrounding natural resources, like water and soil. For example, to reproduce and model, respectively, current and future habitats' ranges by mean of Species Distribution Modelling (SDM), large amount of high quality and up-to-date environmental (especially climate) data is required, to be operated into further indicators proxy of typical climate settings across the domains of interest5,6,7,8,9.
During the long history of scientific research on the relationships between climate and Earth's communities, numerous meteorological variables and/or derived indices have been formulated, calculated and applied to explain the geographic distribution of natural populations along climate gradients, characterized by intra-annual patterns of temperature and precipitation10. Such variables and indices are also known as bioclimatic indicators (hereafter BioClimInd). They mainly result from primary - observed or modelled - climate fields (e.g. minimum, maximum and mean temperature, precipitation amount) and contribute to delineate the bioclimatic "envelope" for species in terms of favourable environmental conditions11,12, also referred to as "suitability"7,9.
Considering the increasing interest for spatially-explicit assessments, the computation of BioClimInd for the historical period can benefit from gridded climate products building on meteorological stations' data spatialized through either regression-based interpolation or climate reanalysis13. Instead, the primary data source to derive BioClimInd for future time horizons are the outputs of climate model simulations that, despite the substantial progress occurred in the last few decades, are still affected by both systematic and random errors preventing their direct use in climate impact studies without affecting their reliability13,14,15. To reduce these errors and related effects, different approaches can be used14: improving the physics in the models; quantifying the uncertainty by using a multi-model ensemble; or removing the model biases through climate data post-processing16. The first option requires an extensive investment in research efforts while the second one needs a huge computing power. Although lacking a sound physical basis, the last option, also know as "bias-correction", has become increasingly common in the climate impact community. Thanks to its high implementation simplicity and low computational demand along with growing spatialized databases on global and regional climate observations to be used as benchmark17.
Under the raising availability of climate information, several global datasets of bioclimatic indicators have become popular as reference point for the scientific community. Worthy of mention are undoubtedly WorldClim18,19, CHELSA20,21, CliMond22,23, ecoClimate24, ENVIREM25 and MERRAclim26. WorldClim, the most cited dataset and recently (January 2020) updated to the 2.1 version, provides 19 BioClimInd at very high spatial resolution (up to 30 arc-seconds, ca. 0.9 km at the equator) for recent climate (1970–2000) and also for the future (2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, 2081–2100) using 9 General Circulation and Earth System Models (GCMs and ESMs) as part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Climate time series have been downscaled, bias-corrected and covering the four Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) that drive simulations in support of the 6th Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR6) (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6/). CHELSA dataset (in the last version 1.2) has the same spatial resolution and indicators as WorldClim for the climatological period 1979–2013 and future periods 2041–2060 and 2061–2080 for a large set of future simulations under CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5); CHELSA substantially differs from WorldClim over the mountain regions especially for rainfall-based indicators since the basic algorithm incorporates further orographic predictors20. Recently, still within the CHELSA project, a high resolution dataset was released with information on precipitation and temperatures from 2006 to 210021. CliMond (in the latest 1.2 version), is a dataset of 40 BioClimInd for current and short to long-term future time frames from 2 GCMs with 10' and 0.5° spatial resolution (ca. 9.2 and 55 km at the equator, respectively). While CliMond uses also radiation and pan evaporation as input variables, it is based on "old" greenhouse gas concentration scenarios (A1B and A2) supporting the IPCC 4th Assessment Report. ENVIREM provides both 16 BioClimInd at multiple spatial resolutions (up to 30 arc-seconds) from three global climate models for several periods in the past and the code to generate them for the future. EcoClimate provides data starting from Pliocene up to 2080–2100 for the same 19 BioClimInd in WorldClim but at 0.5° spatial resolution and for 9 among GCMs/ESMs from CMIP5 and PMIP3 (Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3). MerraClim was recently added to these datasets and provides the 19 WorldClim indicators at three spatial resolutions (from 2.5 to 10 arc-minutes) for three recent decades (1980s, 1990s and 2000s) starting from hourly data of 2-meter air temperature and specific humidity (instead of precipitation). Even when the above datasets are provided interpolated to very high spatial resolution (few kilometers), the represented climate physical processes remain consistent to native map units (tens of thousands to millions of hectares), so that the datasets are more suitable to serve studies encompassing very broad domains (large regions/continents up to the entire globe) and hosting, in terms of biological organization, generalists species and ecosystems' mosaics27. In case of investigations over sub-regional to local (e.g. mountain area) scale, some studies looking at species with more restricted habitats or at smaller patch ecosystems started to exploit simulations from regional climate models, like those making part of the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), their further downscaling and/or similar ensemble initiatives28,29,30,31. Moreover, aiming at CORDEX-based applications at global level would raise the issue of heterogeneity due to different combinations of global and regional models, greenhouse gas concentration scenarios and spatial resolutions (0.11°, 0.22° and/or 0.44°) across the CORDEX domains32. To give an example, only CORDEX domains of North America, Mediterranean and Europe are currently covered at 0.11° (ca. 12 km) resolution. Finally, CORDEX data require bias-correction as well, and only in one case (Europe domain) adjusted data have been made available to the community.
In this work, a global dataset of 35 BioClimInd is presented, named CMCC-BioClimInd, with a spatial resolution of 0.5°, both for the historical period (1960–1999) and for two future time horizons (2040–2079 and 2060–2099) from, respectively, post-processing of climate reanalysis and an ensemble of 11 CMIP5 climate simulations33,34. Simulations were bias-corrected benefiting of the trend-preserving approach adopted within the InterSectoral Impact-Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP)35 (see Methods). The CMCC-BioClimInd dataset contributes to widening the availability of spatial information useful to the community by (1) providing an ensemble of bioclimatic indicators for the historical and future time frames (e.g. Figs 1 and 2) (2) adopting models and/or other analysis methods for robust (i.e. taking into account uncertainty) climate change impacts' assessments, at broad scale and in a wide range of research fields such as wildlife ecology, natural resources' conservation and management, climate impacts' mitigation. On the one hand, the exploitation of indicators instead of just raw climate variables enables easier inferring of relationships between the studied topic (species occurrence, resources availability etc.) and the climate regime to support decision for complex systems36; on the other hand, using the ensemble allows considering the variability across simulations due to the different models' physics and the uncertain future development pathways37.
Example of BIO34 - Potential Evapotranspiration (PET, mm/y) according to Hargreaves formulation for historical time interval 1960–1999 (left). Ensemble anomaly of the 11 CMIP5 simulations for the future period compared to the historical one expressed in percentage (center) and the variation among simulation expressed in Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) (right) for the two time horizons 2040–2079 (top) and 2060–2099 (bottom).
Example of BIO24 - Yearly positive precipitation (mm/y) for historical time interval 1960–1999 (left). Ensemble anomaly of the 11 CMIP5 simulations for the future period compared to the historical one expressed in percentage (center) and the variation among simulation expressed in Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) (right) for the two time horizons 2040–2079 (top) and 2060–2099 (bottom).
The CMCC-BioClimInd were elaborated, for the historical period, starting from the daily time series of temperature and precipitation available from the Water and Global Change (WATCH) forcing dataset (WFD) (http://www.eu-watch.org/data_availability). The WFD is a twentieth century meteorological dataset based on the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40)38 interpolated to a 0.5° by 0.5° grid, with successive elevation-based correction of surface meteorological variables plus monthly bias-correction from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) gridded observational dataset39,40. In this dataset, the years from 1960 to 1999 were considered as reference period.
For the future time frame, daily time series of precipitation and temperature are available, thanks to the coordinated climate model simulation experiments in the frame of CMIP533,34. These simulations are forced by multiple Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) formulated to support the IPCC AR541,42. It is known, as stated above, how raw climate model simulations are however affected by biases that, to serve impact studies, need to be reduced14. To achieve this, the ISIMIP Fast-Track (FT) initiative (https://www.isimip.org/about/#simulation-rounds) provides bias-corrected daily time series of temperature and precipitation globally downscaled (through bilinear interpolation) at 0.5° grid resolution for five Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in CMIP5: GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, NorESM1-M. Bias-correction is based on a trend-preserving method35 (https://github.com/ISIMIP/BC), developed to adjust the probability distribution over the reference period 1960–1999, while preserving the long-term trend in the data.
For the purpose of this work, this method was applied also to the ESM developed and used by the Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC-CESM43), and whose raw data are available on the CMIP5 data archive (https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip5/). For the five different ESMs already bias-corrected within the ISIMIP FT initiative, the RCP4.544 and the RCP8.545 were selected, while projections under the RCP8.5 are available from CMCC-CESM runs.
Bioclimatic indicators
Here, a description of BioClimInd (numbered from 1 to 35 with the prefix "Bio" and with a short name) is provided building on the definitions, in some case slightly revised, of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)46, the one in the ANUCLIM User Guide (https://fennerschool.anu.edu.au/files/anuclim61.pdf), and those in47 and/or48,49. Based on the indicator considered, source variables can be the bias-corrected mean temperature (TG), maximum temperature (TX), minimum temperature (TN) or precipitation (Pr), directly from daily series as described in the Section "Input data". Before computing any indicator, bias-corrected daily series of maximum, minimum and mean temperature were converted from degrees Kelvin to Celsius by subtracting 273.15 and indicated as Tx, Tn and Tg, respectively, while precipitation was converted from kg/m2/sec to mm/day by multiplying by 86400 (seconds in a day) and the new variable is then indicated with P. The BioClimInd short name, input variables and definition sources are reported in Table 1, formulas are described in detail in Supplementary Table 1. In the extended description below, the long-term or climatological period (or simply "period") refers to the 40-year time frames used for the analysis, i.e. 1960–1999 for the historical period (to match the reference period for the bias-correction) and 2040–2079 and 2060–2099 for the future periods, in order to enable comparison between future and historical time frames with the same length. When calendar months are mentioned, it means that a month is considered at climatological level (i.e. its 40-year average). The approach for the definition of wettest/driest/coldest/warmest months or quarters identifies these periods year by year allowing to consider inter-annual variability of intra-annual cycles, as also interestingly investigated for different "climatological" windows by50.
Table 1 Code, full names, units, main references and input variables (Daily mean Tg, maximum Tx and minimum Tn temperature, daily precipitation amount P) for the BioClimInd.
- Bio1 Annual mean temperature
This indicator, expressed in °C, indicates the total amount of energy inputs for the ecosystems in a year. The annual average of daily mean temperature (Tg) is first computed for each year in the considered long-term period, and then it is further averaged among all years in the period.
- Bio2 Mean diurnal range
The daily fluctuations of temperatures have a strong influence on ecosystems51. This indicator is expressed in °C and is calculated by averaging, within the considered period, the daily differences between the maximum (Tx) and minimum (Tn) temperature.
- Bio3 Isothermality
This indicator quantifies how large the day-to-night temperatures oscillate relatively to the annual oscillations among extreme (warmest and coldest) months. Isothermality is the ratio, expressed in %, of Bio2/Bio7 (see below for Bio7).
- Bio4 Temperature seasonality
This indicator, expressed in °C, measures the temperature change throughout the year. Based on the formulation developed by Hijmans in WorldClim18, the average of daily mean temperature (Tg) is calculated for each calendar month in the selected period, and then the Standard Deviation is computed among the 12 monthly values obtained. The larger the value of the Standard Deviation, the greater the variability of temperature within the year.
- Bio5 Maximum temperature of warmest month
For this indicator, expressed in °C, first the monthly mean of daily maximum temperature (Tx) is calculated, then for each year in the period the warmest month, i.e. the one with the highest mean of daily Tx, is selected and the climatological mean of these values is finally computed. Note that the warmest month could be different from year to year.
- Bio6 Minimum temperature of coldest month
For this indicator, expressed in °C, first the monthly mean of daily minimum temperature (Tn) is calculated, then for each year in the period the coldest month, i.e. the one with the lowest mean of daily Tn, is selected and the climatological mean of these values is finally computed. Note that the coldest month could be different from year to year.
- Bio7 Temperature annual range
Similar to Bio2, also the temperature fluctuations between the warmest vs. coldest month within a year play a crucial role on ecosystems. This indicator measures the range of temperature between extreme (warmest and coldest) months. Practically, Bio7 is the difference between Bio5 and Bio6, expressed in °C, and is also used to calculate Bio3.
- Bio8 Mean temperature of wettest quarter
To calculate this indicator, expressed in °C, first the wettest quarter (i.e. that with the highest precipitation amount calculated by summing daily P) of each year in the whole period is identified (considering a quarter belonging to the year of its central month), and then the mean temperature among all wettest quarters is calculated by averaging daily Tg. Note that the wettest quarter could be different from year to year.
- Bio9 Mean temperature of driest quarter
To calculate this indicator, expressed in °C, first the driest quarter (i.e. that with the lowest precipitation amount calculated by summing daily P) of each year in the whole period is identified (considering a quarter belonging to the year of its central month), and then the mean temperature among all driest quarters is calculated by averaging daily Tg. Note that the driest quarter could be different from year to year.
- Bio10 Mean temperature of warmest quarter
To calculate this indicator, expressed in °C, first the warmest quarter (i.e. that with the highest average of daily mean temperature Tg) of each year in the whole period is identified (considering a quarter belonging to the year of its central month), and then the mean temperature among all warmest quarters is calculated by averaging daily Tg. Note that the warmest quarter could be different from year to year.
- Bio11 Mean temperature of coldest quarter
To calculate this indicator, expressed in °C, first the coldest quarter (i.e. that with the lowest average of daily mean temperature Tg) of each year in the whole period is identified (considering a quarter belonging to the year of its central month), and then the mean temperature among all coldest quarters is calculated by averaging daily Tg. Note that the coldest quarter could be different from year to year.
- Bio12 Annual precipitation
This is a widely used indicator, representing the total amount of water inputs to the ecosystems and to their water cycle. This indicator is expressed in millimeter (mm) per year and it is derived by averaging, along the whole period, the annual sum of daily precipitation amounts P.
- Bio13 Precipitation of wettest month
For this indicator, expressed in mm, first the monthly sum of daily precipitation P is calculated, then for each year in the period the wettest month, i.e. the one with the highest precipitation amount, is identified and then the precipitation amount among all wettest months is averaged. Note that the wettest month could be different from year to year.
- Bio14 Precipitation of driest month
For this indicator, expressed in mm, first the monthly sum of daily precipitation P is calculated, then for each year in the period the driest month, i.e. the one with the lowest precipitation amount, is identified and then the precipitation amount among all driest months is averaged. Note that the driest month could be different from year to year.
- Bio15 Precipitation seasonality
Species distribution can be heavily influenced by precipitation variability during the year46. The precipitation seasonality, expressed in %, is the ratio between the standard deviation and the mean of 12 values representing the monthly average precipitation as calculated at calendar month level within the considered period. To avoid division by 0, the denominator is increased by 1.
- Bio16 Precipitation of wettest quarter
To calculate this indicator, expressed in mm, first the wettest quarter (i.e. that with the highest precipitation amount calculated by summing daily P) of each year in the whole period is identified (considering a quarter belonging to the year of its central month) (see Bio8), and then the precipitation amount is averaged among all wettest quarters. Note that the wettest quarter could be different from year to year.
- Bio17 Precipitation of driest quarter
To calculate this indicator, expressed in mm, first the driest quarter (i.e. that with the lowest precipitation amount calculated by summing daily P) of each year in the whole period is identified (considering a quarter belonging to the year of its central month) (see Bio9), and then the precipitation amount is averaged among all driest quarters. Note that the driest quarter could be different from year to year.
- Bio18 Precipitation of warmest quarter
To calculate this indicator, expressed in mm, first the warmest quarter (i.e. that with the highest average of daily mean temperature Tg) of each year in the whole period is identified (considering a quarter belonging to the year of its central month) (see Bio10), and then the precipitation amount is averaged among all warmest quarters. Note that the warmest quarter could be different from year to year.
- Bio19 Precipitation of coldest quarter
To calculate this indicator, expressed in mm, first the coldest quarter (i.e. that with the lowest average of daily mean temperature Tg) of each year in the whole period is identified (considering a quarter belonging to the year of its central month) (see Bio11), and then the precipitation amount is averaged among all coldest quarters. Note that the coldest quarter could be different from year to year.
- Bio20 Ellenberg quotient
This indicator is firstly described by Ellenberg in 196352 and it relates the temperature of the warmest month of the year to the annual precipitation. It is calculated in °C/mm as the ratio Bio28/Bio12 multiplied by 1000. This is a simple measure of humidity in respect to continentality.
- Bio21 Yearly positive temperature
Following the Rivas-Martinez bioclimatic approach47, this indicator, expressed in °C, consists in the sum of the monthly average temperature for those months whose long-term average of daily temperature Tg is higher than 0 °C.
- Bio22 Sum of annual temperature
This indicator is similar to Bio21 from which it differs because it is the sum of the monthly average temperature for all months expressed in °C. In large portion of the globe this data results smaller than Bio21. It is also approximately equivalent to Bio1 multiplied by 12, but has been included in this dataset for a direct comparison with Bio21, Bio25 and Bio26.
- Bio23 Ombrothermic index
This indicator, calculated in mm/°C, is ten times the ratio between the average precipitation amount (in mm) for months with positive average of daily Tg (Bio24) and the sum of average temperature for the same months (Bio21)47.
- Bio24 Yearly positive precipitation
Still following47 this indicator, expressed in mm, represents the sum of the long-term average of total precipitation (cumulated of daily P) for those months whose long-term average of daily temperature Tg is higher than 0 °C.
- Bio25 Modified Kira coldness index
Described by Kira48,49, and partially modified, this indicator describes the amount of energy inputs in the coldest portion of the year. It consists of the sum of the monthly average temperature for those months whose long-term average of daily temperature Tg is lower than 5 °C.
- Bio26 Modified Kira warmth index
Described by Kira48,49, and partially modified, this indicator describes the amount of energy inputs in the warmest portion of the year. It consists of the sum of the monthly average temperature for those months whose long-term average of daily temperature Tg is higher than 5 °C.
- Bio27 Simplified continentality index
Similar to Bio7, but based on Tg instead of Tx and Tn, this is an another measure of temperature extremes. It is the difference, in °C, between the average Tg of warmest (Bio28) and of the coldest (Bio29) months from the years of the considered period. Partially modified from Driscoll index53
- Bio28 Mean temperature of warmest month
For this indicator, expressed in °C, first the warmest months as in Bio5 are extracted for each year in the considered period, and then the average among daily mean temperature (Tg) is calculated among these months.
- Bio29 Mean temperature of coldest month
For this indicator, expressed in °C, first the coldest months as in Bio6 are extracted for each year in the considered period, and then the average among daily mean temperature (Tg) is calculated among these months.
- Bio30 Mean temperature of driest month
For this indicator, expressed in °C, first the driest months as in Bio14 are extracted for each year in the considered period, and then the average among daily mean temperature (Tg) is calculated among these months.
- Bio31 Mean temperature of wettest month
For this indicator, expressed in °C, first the wettest months as in Bio13 are extracted for each year in the considered period, and then the average among daily mean temperature (Tg) is calculated among these months.
- Bio32 Modified Thermicity index
Revised from what was described by Rivas-Martinez47, this indicator, expressed in tents of °C, is the sum of annual mean temperature (Bio1), the average of maximum temperatures of warmest month (Bio5) and the average of minimum temperatures of coldest month (Bio6).
- Bio33 Ombrothermic index of summer and the previous month
Modified from Rivas-Martinez47, this indicator, expressed in mm/°C, is suited for the Northern Hemisphere, dividing the sum of P and the average of Tg for the late spring/summer period (May, June, July and August)
- Bio34 Potential Evapotranspiration Hargreaves
This indicator calculates the potential evapotranspiration (PET, mm) through the formula of Hargreaves and Samani54, that requires as input the time series of monthly mean of Tg and of daily temperature range (this calculated from daily input of Tx and Tn). First the PET is cumulated for each year in the considered period and then averaged among years.
- Bio35 Potential Evapotranspiration Thornthwaite
This indicator calculates the potential evapotranspiration (PET, mm) through the formula of Thornthwaite55, that requires as input the time series of monthly mean of Tg. First the PET is cumulated for each year in the considered period and then averaged among years.
Data Records
The complete CMCC-BioClimInd dataset56 is available through PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904278). It consists in 805 files in NetCDF4 format with a 0.5° by 0.5° grid resolution and global coverage (except Antarctica). Files represent 35 bioclimatic indicators calculated for a 40-years historical interval (1960–1999) under climate reanalysis and for two future 40-years time intervals (2040–2079 and 2060–2099) under 6 ESMs' projections and 2 RCPs (except RCP4.5 for CMCC-CESM) (Table 2). The size of the array for each map is 720 (longitudes) x 360 (latitudes) grid points for a total of 259200 points, whose 67415 differ from NULL as representing land areas. The individual file names follow this structure: "BIOx institute-model rcp yyyy zz.nc"
Table 2 Coverage of simulations across ESMs source of data and RCPs.
where x identifies the code of the bioclimatic indicator, institute-model (see Table 3, first column) identifies the source of data (short name for historical observation or for the producing Center and/or ESMs), rcp is the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 4.5 or RCP 8.5), yyyy is the starting year of time interval and zz the last two digits of the ending year of the time interval.
Table 3 Examples of NetCDF naming (fourth column) based on bioclimatic indicator code (first four of five digits, BIO1 in the example case), data source (second column as abbreviation of the first one reporting the data source name), RCP (45 for RCP 4.5 and 85 for RCP 8.5, or empty in case of the historical period under WFD data), start year of the period (four digits) and end year of the period (the last two digits of the year).
Technical Validation
Comparison of CMCC-BioClimInd 1.0 and WorldClim 2.0 datasets for the historical period
To check the quality of our dataset the first 19 BioClimInd were compared with the same indicators from WorldClim for the historical period, ensuring independence of datasets as relying on different climate data sources (reanalysis-based for CMCC-BioClimInd, interpolation from station data for WorldClim). The WorldClim Bioclimatic variables were downloaded from http://www.worldclim.org/ version 2 at a 10' resolution, then resampled to a 0.5° resolution in ESRI ArcGIS Desktop 10.1 using the bilinear resampling technique (Fig. 3). Subsequently, for each indicators only the 64515 valid (different from no data) grid cells from both CMCC-BioClimInd and WorldClim datasets were considered in the comparison. It is necessary to remark that historical CMCC-BioClimInd refer to 1960–1999 period whereas WorldClim to 1970–2000.
Workflow of the comparison between CMCC-BioClimInd 1.0 and WorldClim 2.0 for the historical period. The WorlClim dataset resampled to 0.5° by 0.5° grid (left); then overlapping of grid points from the two datasets, extraction of comparison table and creation of plots (right).
Although the two datasets overlap in time for 30 out of 40 years (1970–1999), Fig. 4 shows a good correlation between them. For 11 BioClimInd the R2 is above 0.9, for 7 between 0.75 and 0.9, only the comparison of Bio19 between the two datasets has shown a lower level of correlation. In particular, for the basic indicators Annual Mean Temperature (Bio1) and Annual precipitation (Bio12) the level of correlation is excellent (i.e. R2 = 0.991 - 0.917).
Comparison of 19 common indicators between WorldClim2.0 (x-axis) and CMCC-BioClimInd (y-axis).
In Fig. 5 are reported maps of spatial differences for Bio1 and Bio12; main divergences in annual temperature can be found in the North-Eastern portion of Siberia, Arabian peninsula, western Africa where BioClimInd results colder, in contrast with a large portion of Greenland and Himalayan mountains where BioClimInd results sensibly hotter. However, in most part of the globe, temperature differences are within ±2.5°C. For precipitation, the differences, in terms of lower BioCLimInd values are recognized in almost all desert areas (i.e. example Sahara, Arabian peninsula, Karakum, Gobi, Kalahari etc.) although it is important to underline that even with high percentage values the differences in absolute terms (mm) are minimal but appear high as compared to low reference values; WorlClim results sensibly drier in many areas of central Africa, Southern America and Himalayan mountains.
Maps of differences calculated as CMCC-BioClimInd minus WorldClim2.0. Absolute difference ( °C) for Bio1 (left) and percentage difference for Bio12 (right).
It is worth noticing that the above mentioned differences are mainly located in areas where the variables estimate is less accurate due to the paucity of ground observations57 and some artifacts may arise from the interpolation function used when creating the spatial gridded dataset. Therefore, one of the possible explanations for the differences between WorldClim and CMCC-BioClimInd, could be the different weight given to observations with respect to climate model data when creating the datasets. In Table 4 the main descriptive statistics for the 19 common indicators and the results of the Paired Samples T-Test are reported.
Table 4 Summary of descriptive statistics and results of Paired Samples T-Test to study the differences between CMCC-BioClimInd and WorldClim 2.0.
Further remarks
After the above necessary comparison, the authors want to emphasize that the entire dataset presented in this work is based on elaborations of climate reanalysis for the historical period, whose validation effort are available in literature40,58,59. Hence, it can be assumed that outputs are at least as robust as the datasets from which they originate and therefore do not need further validation. For future projections, the dataset uses bias-corrected outputs of climate models and it is recommended to exploit this dataset under an ensemble perspective37. In conclusion it should be emphasized that combining several parameters for the creation of indices (see Table 1) inevitably increases the level of uncertainty16 due to error propagation.
When using CMCC-BioclimInd dataset or part of it, please cite this manuscript. Besides data sources for the dataset presented in this manuscript, data from further climate simulations can be integrated, e.g. considering also RCPs 2.6 and 6.0 and/or additional models as available from other ISIMIP rounds. Data are in NetCDF4 format, but other common interoperable formats (i.e. ESRI grid, GEOTIFF) can be provided, by contacting the authors, for a sub-selection of the dataset, whose size will be defined based on the specific requests from interested users and on the processing time needed. For any questions, suggestions or request of collaboration regarding CMCC-BioClimInd please contact the corresponding author. Data are freely available under the Creative Commons License: CC BY
Code availability
All the BioClimInd calculations were conducted exploiting NetCDF data manipulation and analysis tools, namely CDO (Climate Data Operators) and NCO (NetCDF Operators) combined through DOS Batch (.bat) commands and scripts available through Github at https://github.com/CMCC-Foundation/BioClimInd.
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Division on Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (IAFES), Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), Viterbo, Italy
Sergio Noce, Luca Caporaso & Monia Santini
Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
Luca Caporaso
Sergio Noce
Monia Santini
S.N. designed the research, created the data, wrote the paper; L.C. provided the input climatic data, wrote the paper; M.S. designed the research, created the data, wrote the paper.
Correspondence to Sergio Noce.
The authors declare no competing interests.
Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Table 1
The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the metadata files associated with this article.
Noce, S., Caporaso, L. & Santini, M. A new global dataset of bioclimatic indicators. Sci Data 7, 398 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00726-5
Accepted: 21 October 2020
Scientific Data ISSN 2052-4463 (online)


Fire Hazard Concrete is gone in 0.16. For stripes, please use Dectorio (which will cleanly migrate old Color Coding Fire Hazard concrete to Emergency Concrete)!
This is the continuation of a mod that d3phoenix put together by request for FireBlade212 on Twitch, because I want my colors!
It adds sets of color-coded indicator lamps, and concrete types to the game, which can be researched after their base technologies are unlocked.


text:
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