Our Culture defines who we are. It sets forth our aims and principles of our company. Our success is based on the shared values and commitment of the men and women who are building our company for the future, on discovering creative and innovative ways to do things, on improving the value of our services to our customers, on building strong relationships with our customers, and on seeking excellence in everything we do. Integrity is our guiding principle. We stand behind what we say we will do for our customers, our investors and our people. We meet the world head-on as upright, honest and sincere business people. We always turn square corners even if it means that we do not maximize the financial reward.
So many Companies put their hand in the cookie jar when they feel that no one is looking. For this reason, we pay for independent auditors each year to perform an audit that we submit to our customers. At Dynasty, we don't believe in shortcuts but doing things right the first time.
The management team of Dynasty encourages our employees to invest their time, money and talent back into their communities. We believe giving to charities help to make our communities better places to live by helping to provide goods and services to people who might not otherwise have access to them.
When we raise the standard of living for the least among us, we raise the standard of living in turn. Some believe that what they give are returned to them threefold, sevenfold, or even tenfold! Those who witness our giving are reminded that we are interdependent on one another for our care and well-being. May this reminder have a viral effect and motivate countless others to follow.
Let us know of your favorite charity and as a client of Dynasty, we will donate a percentage of our fees to your charity of choice in your name!
The world's increasing globalization requires more interactions among people from diverse cultures, beliefs and backgrounds than ever before. People no longer live and work in an insular marketplace; they are now part of a worldwide economy with competition coming from nearly every part of the country. Diversity is beneficial to both associates and employers and for this reason. Dynasty Property Management & Sales is proud to reflect a multicultural workplace.
The Certified Property Manager (CPM) designation is awarded to those who meet the standards set by the Institute of Real Estate Management (IREM) for real estate management professionals. The CPM designation is the only designation awarded to real estate management professionals covering all sectors – residential, commercial, retail and industrial. Collectively, IREM CPM members in the United States manage over 1.5 trillion in real estate assets including 8.4 million residential units and 8.4 billion net square feet of commercial space. Due to their professionalism and vast experience, property owners and investors worldwide continually seek out the management services of IREM members.
The Accredited Residential Manager certification from the Institute of Real Estate Management is awarded to managers of residential real estate properties who have met the Institute's rigorous requirements in the areas of professional education, examination and experience. The six uniques qualities that set us apart from other managers are Industry knowledge, problem-solving skills, ability to add value to your investment, integrity and ethical standards.
The Certified Apartment Portfolio Supervisor program is an in-depth review of property management principles and techniques as used by the professional supervisor. From and owners and asset manager's perspective, the property's future values will be reflected through the containment of expenses, asset appearance, resident credit worthiness, loan compliance and timely/intensive management of the property. Is is through the alignment of services and management discipline that the property's full value can be maintained and dynamic growth occur.
The above is paired with advanced training modules, managing compliance with Section 8, Section 236, Section 202 – 811 properties with tax credits.
Those who hold the COS designation are, collectively responsible for administering billions of federal dollars each and every year. They are accountable to our residents and the American taxpayer. Holders of this designation are informed of the regulatory change that impacts occupancy related operations with subsidized housing.


End-Point Assessment (EPA); the new assessing role. Are you curious as to what this EPA is all about? Well, you're starting in the right place.
End-Point Assessment was one of the biggest changes to come out of the most recent Apprenticeship reform. Basically, EPA is a series of one-off assessments an Apprentice has to do at the end of their Apprenticeship. And on that note, you will only find End-Point Assessments in Apprenticeships. So, if you deliver/assess stand-alone vocational courses for example, you won't be impacted by EPA.
EPA does not include anything from any other assessments or qualifications the Apprentice has done throughout their Apprenticeship, or even prior to this. The assessments that are carried out during the EPA are completely independent from the 'On-Programme' element. Which is why you will see assessors responsible for delivering the EPA are called, Independent End-Point Assessors (IEPAs).
Exactly what each EPA looks like, depends entirely on the sector the Apprentice is working in and the level of the qualification they are doing. In any case, every Apprentice must pass their End-Point Assessment in order to pass their Apprenticeship and most importantly, be deemed competent to work in their role.
With any luck, you should now have a fairly good understanding on what End-Point Assessment is.
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A well-known adage is, "If you want to measure change, then don't change the measure." However, sometimes it is not possible to keep the measure exactly the same. Many states are anticipating making significant changes to their assessment systems, most in conjunction with adopting assessments aligned with the Common Core State Standards. What can, should, and probably should not be done to measure growth when assessment systems change?


The typical Citrix Technical Support Engineer salary is ₹7,50,000. Technical Support Engineer salaries at Citrix can range from ₹4,25,600 - ₹9,00,000. This estimate is based upon 17 Citrix Technical Support Engineer salary report(s) provided by employees or estimated based upon statistical methods. When factoring in bonuses and additional compensation, a Technical Support Engineer at Citrix can expect to make an average total pay of ₹7,75,000 . See all Technical Support Engineer salaries to learn how this stacks up in the market.


text:
Celtic defender Jozo Simunovic drops Croatia in favour of Bosnia
Celtic defender Jozo Simunovic has elected to switch his international allegiances from Croatia to Bosnia.
The centre-back is the first player to make the move since both nations became independent following the break up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s.
Simunovic, a former captain of Croatia U21s, says he was frustrated waiting for a senior call-up last season – despite his impressive form for Celtic.
The 22-year-old was also disappointed by a lack of communication during his eight-month lay-off with a broken knee in 2016.
Simunovic said: "When I was injured for a long time, no one from the Croatia FA called me. No one asked about my health.
"Yet I had played nearly 50 games for the younger Croatian international teams and had been captain of the Under-21s."
Having spoken with close members of his family, Simunovic has now decided to take his chance with Bosnia and Herzegovina.
He said: "My parents and my grandparents are all from Bosnia and Herzegovina. I was contacted by national coach Mehmed Bazdarevic and came to the definite decision I wanted to play for him and Bosnia and Herzegovina."
"I then spoke to all my family and decided to play for my country."
Simunovic will be part of the Bosnia squad for the upcoming games against Gibraltar and Cyprus.Euro Soccer Bonus
< Robert Huth to miss Leicester's Premier League start after surgery> Alexis Sanchez 'not for sale', says Arsene Wenger

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


My capstone, also known as my senior thesis, is my proudest academic achievement. I wrote it during my senior year in college (August 2010 – April 2011) as one of the graduation requirements. My topic emerged when I wanted to understand what "organic" meant. I should have just checked with the USDA but I took the long route and don't regret it. If you went to college with me and never saw a single food book in the library, I probably had it.
First, I am not an "organic foodie." I wrote this in college during ungodly hours of the night so I sustained myself with instant shin ramen and caffeinated energy drinks. I did what I had to do to survive. (And just for the record, I got an A.) Generally, I don't make a decision on what I eat based on fancy vocabulary on my food such as organic, natural, clean, fair-trade, non-GMO, etc. Does it taste good? That's what I care about the most. For the purpose of this discussion, I'll use the term "organic" to describe all of the fancy vocabulary intended to imply anti-conventional.
You would think that after spending an entire year immersed in books, articles, podcasts and documentaries on this topic, I would approach my meals differently. To a certain extent, yes I do. But I'm not fully convinced that today's organic market is a true reflection of the philosophical values of the movement. It's more of a crowd-pleasing market. They are filling the world with food-related buzzwords that sound great and have little meaning. The organic movement started as a way of rejecting conventional methods of food production. But aren't we producing "organic" food conventionally anyway?
Depending on what one's definition of "organic" is, the starting point of the movement varies. I believe that it can be traced all the way back to the Neolithic Revolution (also known as the Agricultural Revolution). This took place in approximately 10,000 B.C. where humans, who supported themselves through a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, began to settle. As hunter-gatherers, humans were nomadic and could never fully depend on a particular resource for food. That had changed and the permanent settling lifestyle allowed humans to cultivate crops and domesticate animals. This revolution completely changed the way people lived in the sense that permanent settlement encouraged the rise of civilization and the emergence of various social classes.
For most people, however, the emergence of the organic movement began in the 1960's. It was a decade where radio had become popular and everyday people, regardless of social class, were able to access news. Rachel Carson wrote "Silent Spring" in 1962 and uncovered the detrimental effects of pesticide use on our environment. She created this vivid imagery of spring without the sounds of birds chirping and bees buzzing because our continued use of chemicals would wipe out wildlife. If we didn't take action, we would be in for a silent spring. Although she was not the first to write about these issues, the context of the 60's made it appropriate to cause a viral reaction from people. They saw exactly how they were interconnected with the ecosystem. We all eat, we all live on this planet and we all enjoy the sounds that define spring. People were no longer passive witnesses but instead active participants.
Pesticides, however, play an important role in the food industry. They kill pests that carry diseases so that food production could be increased and people wont get sick from eating. It was a solution for controlling famines, which have disturbing consequences for the economy and the people. The Irish Potato Famine of 1845 wiped out more than a million people because of several failed potato crops and remains as one of the most devastating in 19th century Europe. Because of pesticides, we have the luxury of not worrying about the food we eat. But perhaps that's the reason why people focus on the detrimental effects of chemical use. We don't have to worry about our food containing diseases and potentially losing our life over it. Although there's no denying that pesticides are harmful to the ecosystem, I also understand that it has many benefits in our society. For that reason, I can't completely jump on the organic bandwagon. At least, not just yet.
In order to fully go organic, I would need to ditch civilization and pull a "Walden." Just as Henry David Thoreau has done, I need to go back into nature, build my own house, grow my own food and live on the simple necessities of life. That actually sounds appealing. I might get some writing done and at night, I'll see how truly beautiful the stars are. But alas, I can't change my lifestyle until I've at least paid off my student loans. If we think about it, this back-to-the-land approach has profound implications. Going organic isn't just about choosing the pack of spinach with the USDA label. It's a lifestyle change that addresses everything wrong with our society. Why should we depend on a government-stamped label to tell us where our food comes from? I'd rather have a garden in my back yard, dig my hands into the moist soil and shoulder the responsibility of cultivating all the food I put inside my body. That makes more sense than depending on an entity that has a reputation for being deceptive.
Today, the definition of "organic" is based on USDA's guidelines. I'll take that for now but we can do better. I've always believed that food industry is a materialized manifestation of the true problems in society. Pesticides were supposed to be a solution for a major issue but in actuality, it's doing more harm to the land that supports our life. Perhaps we may be tackling a social issue with a particular solution that appears to fix it but instead, harming a significant part of the population and making matters worse. So how do we fix it? That's for another discussion but upon grading my capstone, my professor said that my proposed solution is a "Titanic struggle." You have that to look forward to.
Why don't we start here: let's understand that everything, no matter how unrelated it seems, is profoundly interconnected and that it always goes back to the food on our plates and the land that supports our lives. I'm baffled when I see people buy organic but end up wasting so much food. I don't understand how we continue to pollute the world with all the food packaging we create and waste. When did it become okay to be fully distant with the one thing that sustains our existence to the point where I hand someone money and prepared food is at my doorstep? Food keeps us alive. Why, then, are we tampering with it and the environment that nurtures it? Let's stop viewing food as an afterthought and instead put it first on our agendas of things to care about.


text:
Q: Multiple EJB files, "loader constraint violation" error with JBoss/Wildfly I have a something.ear file like this:
META-INF
something-ejb.jar
something-rest.jar
geolocation.jar

And application.xml is like:
<application xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/application_7.xsd" version="7">
  <display-name>discripto-ear</display-name>
  <module>
    <ejb>something-ejb.jar</ejb>
  </module>
  <module>
    <ejb>geolocation.jar</ejb>
  </module>
  <module>
    <web>
      <web-uri>something-rest.war</web-uri>
      <context-root>/rest</context-root>
    </web>
  </module>
  <library-directory>lib</library-directory>
</application>

I have a Location.java class in geolocation.jar. When I run this part of code in something-rest.jar:
    // locationService is stateless EJB in geolocation.jar
    final Location location = this.locationService.getLocation(getIp(request));

    // taskService is stateless EJB in something-ejb.jar
    this.taskService.nextTaskScript(location);

I get this error:
Caused by: java.lang.LinkageError: loader constraint violation: when resolving method "com.wpic.discripto.service.TaskService.nextTaskScript(Lcom/wpic/geo/Location;)Lcom/wpic/discripto/service/TaskWithScript;" the class loader (instance of org/jboss/modules/ModuleClassLoader) of the current class, com/wpic/discripto/rest/Tasks, and the class loader (instance of org/jboss/modules/ModuleClassLoader) for resolved class, com/wpic/discripto/service/TaskService, have different Class objects for the type geo/Location;)Lcom/wpic/discripto/service/TaskWithScript; used in the signature

I'm sure there's just one instance of class Location.java in all EJBs and libraries.
I'm using Wildfly 9.0.1 and Java7/Maven to compile my code. Any idea?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Trouble understanding $\sum$ notation Question:

What does $$\left(\sum_{a, b, c}a\right)^2$$ mean ?

The answer given is $(a+b+c)^2$. However, I am having trouble understanding this.
I have seen this, this and this. But none helped.
Please help me understand this.
EDIT:
Also, what would be a better way to write:
$$\sum_{a,b,c}(b-c)(b+c)$$
Thanks.

A: The notation is very bad, since the summation index is apparently named $a$, while $a$ is also one of the values it takes. Better notations for this would be
$$
\left(\sum_{k=a,b,c} k\right)^2\quad\text{or}\quad\left(\sum_{k\in\{a,b,c\}} k\right)^2.
$$
Here the summation index is explicitly labeled $k$ and it takes values $a$, $b$ and $c$, so the sum is $a+b+c$.
The sum in the edit is even worse, I can't tell you what it means. I'd say it is just wrong. Summations should come with a summation index, always.

In the comments you mentioned that they call these summations cyclic expression, which does indeed help at guessing what it's supposed to be. Consider the summand $(b-c)(b+c)$ as an expression in $a,b,c$ and then look at the same term for the cyclic permutations $b,c,a$ and $c,a,b$. So I guess they want
$$
\sum_{a,b,c}(b-c)(b+c) = (b-c)(b+c) + (c-a)(c+a) + (a-b)(a+b).
$$


text:
Opposition ahead in East Timor election count
Mar 18, 2012 5:24 PM PHT
Early results from East Timor's presidential polls on March 18 showed the opposition Fretilin party's Francisco "Lu Olo" Guterres has surged ahead with incumbent Jose Ramos-Horta lagging in third
DILI, East Timor – Early results from East Timor's presidential polls on Sunday, March 18, showed the opposition Fretilin party's Francisco "Lu Olo" Guterres had surged ahead with incumbent Jose Ramos-Horta lagging in third.
A tally broadcast live by the country's electoral commission on state-owned radio and television station RTTL, put Guterres ahead with 28% of the 411,353 votes counted so far — around 65% of the total votes cast.
Former guerrilla leader Taur Matan Ruak was in second place with 25% of the vote, while Nobel Prize-winning incumbent Ramos-Horta, who is seeking another 5-year term, was in 3rd place with 18%.
In the 2007 presidential elections Ramos-Horta had turned his fortunes around after lagging behind Guterres in the first round but winning through in a run-off with 69% of the vote.
Votes were being counted by hand, some in remote areas with poor communications, and results were not due until later in the week, according to election officials.
Ermenegildo Lopes, head of the Bloku Ploklamador whose pro-reform alliance has 5 places in the 65-seat parliament, said he doubted any candidate would land the knock-out blow needed to avoid a second round of voting.
"Our representatives in the districts indicate that the vote is split. With 12 candidates running it is hard for any one of them to get the more than 50 percent majority constitutionally required for an outright win," he told AFP.
A 2nd round of voting would be held in 2 weeks' time if no clear winner emerges from Saturday's vote (March 17).
Around the country, Timorese people had their eyes glued to their television sets, watching the changing figures.
Whether they were shopkeepers selling traditional handicrafts at Tias market, candidates' spokesmen mingling with journalists, or people sitting at the lobby coffee shop of Hotel Timor, the talk was about who would emerge top.
The vote is the first in a series of key events in the poor and chronically unstable country still traumatised by Indonesia's brutal 24-year occupation, which ended with a vote for independence in 1999.
In May, East Timor will celebrate 10 years of independence, which came after 3 years of UN administration. Then, in June, voters will choose a new government in a general election.
At the end of the year the nation of 1.1 million people bids goodbye to UN forces stationed in the country since 1999.
Saturday's voting was remarkably organized for the poor and chronically unstable country, and the peaceful polling stood in stark contrast to the deadly 2006 pre-election violence, taking East Timor to the brink of civil war. – Agence France-Presse


text:
Eli Y. Adashi is an American physician-scientist-executive who served as the Fifth Dean of Medicine and Biological Sciences at Brown University. Adashi  is presently a tenured Professor of Medical Science with the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine, the New York Academy of Sciences, and the Association of American Physicians (AAP). Adashi is also a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the Hastings Center Ethics Research Institute, and the Royal Society of Medicine.

Early life and education
Adashi was born in Haifa, Israel (British Mandate Palestine) in 1945, the only child of German-speaking professionals who departed Europe in the mid-1930s. Adashi's mother, an Austrian national by birth, was a highly successful kindergarten teacher. Adashi's father, a Czech national by birth, was an engineer whose lifelong career was spent with the Nesher Cement Factory in Haifa. A member of the first graduating class of the Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, Adashi received his Medical degree in 1973. Following a Rotating Internship at the Meir Medical Center, Adashi relocated to the United States for Residency Training in Obstetrics and Gynecology at Tufts University School of Medicine. Adashi received training in Reproductive Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and at the University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, respectively.

Appointments
Adashi's first faculty appointment was as an Associate Professor and Director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Upon the passing of M. Carlyle Crenshaw, Jr., MD, then the Chair of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adashi was appointed Acting Chair, a role he served in through 1996. In 1996, Adashi became the John A. Dixon Endowed Presidential Professor and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Utah Health Sciences Center. He founded the ovarian cancer program in 1999 at the Huntsman Cancer Research Institute. In 2004, Adashi was appointed as the Frank L. Day Professor of Biology and the Dean of Medicine and Biological Sciences at Brown University.  Upon his appointment, Adashi was tasked by Brown's Corporation and Administration to expand the medical student body (then 60-70 matriculants/year), codify the then piloted Pre-Med application process, design a new integrated medical education curriculum, rank in the top quartile of U.S. medical schools, and reconstitute the divisional leadership team. Adashi was also to establish a heretofore absent Medical School facility off of College Hill. The MD class of 2011, ninety six strong, was the largest ever. Pre-Med matriculants (~1% of ~3,000 applicants/year) became a regular component of the student body that was scholastically indistinguishable from Ivy peers. A new and integrated preclinical curriculum was established replete with a novel two year-long Doctoring course and an innovative Scholarly Concentration Program. A rise of 12 rungs in the U.S. News & World Report research rankings over the last four years tied Brown's Medical School with its counterparts at Dartmouth College and the University of Iowa while outranking 75% of all accredited U.S. medical schools. The vote of confidence afforded by the Warren Alpert Foundation's $100 million gift assured the establishment of a Medical School facility off of College Hill. With accreditation of the Medical School secure through 2013, re-designed and improved medical student advising, upgraded physical facilities, expanded compensation for pre-clinical teaching faculty, expanded summer research assistantships, greatly improved US Medical Licensing Examination test scores, strong residency matching record, three new combined degree programs (MD/MPH, MD/MPP and MD/MPA), new online admission (Banner®) and assessment(OASIS®) systems, increasingly paperless faculty affairs office, improved outreach to alumni, a strategic communication and marketing plan, substantially increased total endowment (to $327 million; an 80% increase since 2004), a growing financial aid endowment (to $69 million; a 50% increase since 2004), an ambitious annual fund, growing balanced budgets (to $130 million; a 60% increase since 2004), the introduction of the national AOA honor society, 2 new endowed chairs committed to ongoing innovation in medical education and a new medical education building in the planning phases, Brown's newly named Alpert Medical School was soundly positioned for further progress.

Adashi was elected to the Institute of Medicine (now the National Academia of Medicine) in 1999 wherein he served on multiple committees.

A former Franklin fellow and Senior Adviser on Global Women's Health to the Secretary of State Office of Global Women's Issues (1st term of the Obama Administration), Adashi is a member of the Advisory Council of The Hastings Center, a member of the Board of Governors of Tel Aviv University, and the chair of the Medical Executive Committee and the Medical Advisory Council of the Jones Foundation for Reproductive Medicine. Adashi is a former member of the Board of Directors of Physicians for Human Rights and of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Global Agenda Council on Population Growth of the World Economic Forum, and the Medicare Evidence Development & Coverage Advisory Committee (MEDCAC) of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Adashi is also a former advisor to the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. A former Examiner and Director of the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology of the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG), Adashi served as President of the Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (SREI; 1998-1999), the Society for Gynecologic Investigation (SGI; 1999-2000), and the American Gynecological and Obstetrical Society (AGOS; 2002-2003).

Research contributions

Adashi was the recipient of continuous National Institute of Health (NIH) funding from 1985 to 2005 inclusive of a Research Career Development Award. Mentor to over 50 postdoctoral trainees and the author or co-author of over 500  PubMed-indexed peer-reviewed publications,[17] Adashi edited or co-edited 16 books in the general area of Reproductive Medicine with an emphasis on Ovarian Biology.[18] Adashi's work also saw press with the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Boston Globe, the Huffington Post and several other media venues. Multiple academic presentations were delivered in Europe, Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Australia, and South America.

Adashi's service with the NIH included membership with the National Council of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1997-2001), the Reproductive Endocrinology Study Section (1988-1992), and the Selection Committee of the Reproductive Scientist Development Program (1988-2005).

Adashi is the former Editor-In- Chief of Seminars in Reproductive Medicine and a former Associate Editor of Endocrinology, Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, Reproductive Medicine Review, Seminars in Reproductive Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine Review, and Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.[18]

Adashi's research focused on the biology of the ovary and the role of growth factors and cytokines in this context. Ongoing scholarly contributions to medical education and to the discipline of reproductive medicine are equally noteworthy. Since 2008, Adashi has undertaken to focus on matters of policy at the nexus of medicine, law, ethics, and social justice.[19]

Awards and recognition
 USPHS Research Career Development Award (RCDA), NICHD, NIH (1986-1991)
 The President's Achievement Award, Society for Gynecologic Investigation (1989)
 Annual Research Award, Society for the Study of Reproduction (SSR) (1996)
 Distinguished Scientist Award, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) (1999)
 Fellow ad Eundem, The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (FRCOG) (2000)
 President d'Honneur à titre Etranger, The Societé Francaise de Gynécologie (2001)
 Franklin Fellow, US Department of State, Office of Global Women's Issues (2009-2010)
 W.W. Keen Award for Outstanding Contributions to Medicine, Brown University (2010)
 SRI-Pardi Distinguished Scientist Award, The Society for Reproductive Investigation (2015)
 Doctor Honoris Causa, The Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland (2016)
 Doctor Honoris Causa, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (2018)
 Lifetime Achievement Award, The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2018)
 Certificate of Special Congressional Recognition, Members of US Congress (Sponsor: James R. Langevin) (2018)
Honorary Member, European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (2019)
Elected as a Fellow of The Hastings Center Ethics Research Institute (2020)

Personal life
Adashi is married to Toni Sach-Silbermanm, an actress. They have one son, Judah E. Adashi, who is a composer and a member of the Johns Hopkins University Peabody Institute Faculty.

References

Living people
American obstetricians
20th-century births
Brown University faculty
20th-century American Jews
Harvard School of Public Health alumni
Tel Aviv University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American Jews
Members of the National Academy of Medicine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


where is the electrochemical potential of species B in phase β, is the charge number of species B, is the Faraday constant, and is the outer electric potential of phase β. Since is zero when the charge on the phase β is zero, the real potential may be regarded as the value of the electrochemical potential of the uncharged phase.
DOI of this term: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05192.
Original PDF version: http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/R05192.pdf. The PDF version is out of date and is provided for reference purposes only. For some entries, the PDF version may be unavailable.


text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}

A well-known result in information theory states that, in the infinite-bandwidth limit, the capacity of a time-frequency (TF) selective, wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS)~\cite{bello63-12a} fading channel\footnote{Throughout the paper, whenever we speak of fading
channels, we shall refer to (without explicitly stating it) the
``noncoherent'' case where neither transmitter nor receiver have
access to channel state information (CSI) but both are aware of the
channel law.} equals the capacity of an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with the same receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); capacity is achieved by codebooks that are ``peaky'' in both time and frequency~\cite{gallager68a,kennedy69}.
It is also well-known that the AWGN channel capacity cannot be achieved, in the infinite-bandwidth limit, if a peak constraint is imposed~\cite{medard02-04a,subramanian02-04a}. In particular, as detailed below, different forms of
peak constraints lead to different infinite-bandwidth capacity behavior.
\subsubsection*{Peak constraint in time}
A closed-form\xspace expression for the capacity of a WSSUS TF-selective fading channel under a peak constraint in time is not available in the literature. The rate achievable by frequency-shift-keying (FSK), in the infinite-bandwidth limit, has been shown by Viterbi~\cite{viterbi67-07a} to be given by
\bal
	 	\rateFSKinf=\underbrace{\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{\Pave}{\noiseDen} \powerDopplerProfile(\doppler) \mathrm{d} \doppler}_{\cawgninf}
 	-\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \log\mathopen{}\left(1+\frac{\Pave}{\noiseDen}\powerDopplerProfile(\doppler)\right)\!\mathrm{d} \doppler \label{eq: viterbi result}
\eal
where \Pave is the received power, \noiseDen stands for the one-sided noise spectral density and $\powerDopplerProfile(\doppler)$ is the power-Doppler profile~\cite{bello63-12a} of the TF-selective fading channel process. The infinite-bandwidth rate achieved by FSK constitutes a lower bound on the infinite-bandwidth capacity of the channel and equals the infinite-bandwidth capacity \cawgninf of an AWGN channel  (with the same receive SNR) minus a penalty term resulting from the peak constraint. In the absence of a peak constraint, the second term on the right-hand-side (RHS) of~\eqref{eq: viterbi result} can be made as small as desired by transmitting the FSK codewords with arbitrarily low duty cycle, and AWGN channel capacity can be achieved in the infinite-bandwidth limit~\cite[Sec. 8.6]{gallager68a}.

Expressions similar to~\eqref{eq: viterbi result} have been found in~\cite{sethuraman05-09a} for the capacity per unit energy and in~\cite{sethuraman06-07a,zhang07-01a} for the infinite-bandwidth capacity of time-selective, frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels under a peak constraint in time.

\subsubsection*{Peak constraint in time and frequency}
From the results in~\cite{medard02-04a,subramanian02-04a} it follows that, under a peak constraint in time and frequency, the capacity of a TF-selective WSSUS fading channel goes to zero as the bandwidth approaches infinity.
An upper bound on the rate achievable by transmitting constant modulus symbols
over a TF-selective WSSUS {\em underspread}~\cite{kozek97-03a} fading channel has been obtained in~\cite{schafhuber04}. This upper bound is explicit in the channel's scattering function and hints at the existence of a scattering-function-dependent, capacity-maximizing bandwidth.
\subsubsection*{Contributions}
We consider
the general class of underspread~\cite{kozek97-03a} continuous-time
WSSUS TF-selective Rayleigh fading channels under peak constraints
\begin{inparaenum}[(i)]
	\item in time and
	\item in time and frequency.\footnote{The peak constraints, made precise in Section~\ref{sec:model}, will be imposed in the channel's eigenspace rather than on the continuous-time transmit signal.}
\end{inparaenum}
Our specific contributions are  summarized as follows:
\begin{itemize}
 \item  {\em Peak constraint in time:} We recover Viterbi's infinite-bandwidth lower bound~\eqref{eq: viterbi result} using an alternative proof.
 %
 %
 %
 \item  {\em Peak constraint in time and frequency:} We generalize the results in~\cite{schafhuber04}, which dealt exclusively with constant modulus inputs, by providing upper and lower bounds on capacity. Both bounds are explicit in the channel's scattering function and reveal the existence of an optimum, capacity-maximizing bandwidth, which depends on the scattering function and the peak-to-average power ratio.
 %
 %
\end{itemize}
\subsubsection*{Proof techniques}
Our entire analysis is built on the fact that underspread channels have a well-structured set of TF-localized approximate eigenfunctions~\cite{kozek97-03a}.  The main proof techniques used in the paper are based on the relation between mutual information and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) discovered in~\cite{guo05-04a}, on a generalization of Szeg\"{o}'s theorem on the asymptotic eigenvalue distribution of Toeplitz matrices~\cite{szego} to the case of block-Toeplitz matrices with Toeplitz blocks\footnote{In the remainder of the paper,  block-Toeplitz matrices with Toeplitz blocks will simply be referred to as block-Toeplitz matrices.}~\cite{tyrtyshnikov98}, and on a property of
the information divergence of orthogonal signaling schemes first
presented in a different context in~\cite{butman73}.

\subsubsection*{Notation}
Uppercase boldface letters denote matrices and  lowercase boldface letters designate vectors. The superscripts $\tp{}$, $\herm{}$ and $\conj{}$ stand for transpose, conjugate transpose and element-wise conjugation, respectively. $\determinant{\XX}$  denotes the determinant  of the matrix \XX, \I stands for the identity matrix of appropriate size, and $\diag{\X}$  denotes a diagonal square matrix having the elements of the vector \X on its main diagonal. $\EV{}{\cdot}$ is the expectation operator. $\delta(\time)$ stands for the Dirac delta function, and  $\delta_{i,j}=1$ if $i=j$ and $0$ else. All logarithms are to the base $\nepero$. If a random variable (RV) \inpdiscr has distribution $\Prob_{\!\inpdiscr}$, we write $\inpdiscr\sim \Prob_{\!\inpdiscr}$. Finally,  $\circnorm(0,\sigma^{2})$ denotes a circularly symmetric complex Gaussian RV with variance $\sigma^{2}$.

\section{Channel and System Model}\label{sec:model}

We consider an ergodic WSSUS TF-selective Rayleigh  fading channel \opH  with input-output relation
\bal\label{eq: input-output relation}
	\outpnonoise(\time) = (\opH \inp)(\time) = \int_{\delay}\!\ch{\time,\time-\delay} \inp(\time-\delay) \mathrm{d} \delay
\eal
where the impulse response $\ch{\time,\time'}$ is a two-dimensional zero-mean complex Gaussian random process. The time-varying transfer function of the channel is defined as~\cite{bello63-12a}
\ba
	\trafun{\time,\freq} =\int_{\delay} \!\ch{\time,\time-\delay} e^{-j 2 \pi \freq \delay} \mathrm{d}\delay.
\ea
The  channel's scattering function $\scafun{\delay,\doppler}$~\cite{kennedy69} is given by
\ba
	\scafun{\delay,\doppler}=\int_{\time}\int_{\freq}\corfun{\time,\freq}\esp{-}{(\doppler\time-\delay\!\freq)} \mathrm{d} \time \mathrm{d} \freq
\ea
where
$	\corfun{\time,\freq}=\EV{}{ \trafun{\time+\time',\freq+\freq'} {\trafunconj{ \time',\freq'} } }$
denotes the channel's TF-correlation function.
We invoke the common assumption~\cite{kozek97-03a} of a scattering function that is compactly supported within the rectangle $[-\maxDelay,\maxDelay] \times [-\maxDoppler, \maxDoppler]$, i.e.,
$\scafun{\delay,\doppler} = 0$ for $(\delay, \doppler) \notin  [-\maxDelay, \maxDelay] \times [-\maxDoppler,\maxDoppler]$.
Defining the spread of the channel as the area of this
rectangle, $\spread=4\maxDelay \maxDoppler$, the channel is said
to be underspread if $\spread \leq 1$ and overspread if
$\spread>1$~\cite{kozek97-03a}. The
underspread assumption is relevant as most mobile radio channels are
highly underspread.

The key idea turning~\eqref{eq: input-output relation} into a discrete problem is to recognize that underspread channels are approximately diagonalized by orthonormal Weyl-Heisenberg bases~\cite{kozek97-03a}, which are obtained
by TF-shifting of a normalized function $g(\time)$ according to
$g_{\dfdt}(\time) = g(\time - \dtime\tstep ) \esp{}{\dfreq \fstep \time}$, where the grid parameters $\tstep$
and $\fstep$ have to satisfy $\tstep \fstep \geq 1$. For $\tstep \leq 1/(2\maxDoppler)$ and $F \leq 1/(2\maxDelay)$, and hence $\TF \leq 1/\spread$, the impulse response $\ch{\time,\time'}$ of an underspread fading channel satisfies~\cite{durisi07a}
\bal
	  \ch{\time,\time'}\approx\sum_{\dtime=-\infty}^{\infty}\sum_{\dfreq=-\infty}^{\infty}  \trafun{\dtime \tstep,\dfreq \fstep} g_{\dfdt}(\time)
    \conj{g_{\dfdt}}(\time')\label{eq: approximate diagonalization}.
\eal
The scalar channel coefficients  \pagebreak
$\trafun{\dtime \tstep,\dfreq \fstep}$  are circularly symmetric complex Gaussian
RVs with zero mean, variance%
$\sigmaH=\int_{\delay}\int_{\doppler} \scaFtn \mathrm{d}\delay \mathrm{d}\doppler$,
and correlation function
\ba
	\corfun{\dtime\tstep,\dfreq\fstep}=\EV{}{\trafun{(\dtime+\dtime')\tstep,(\dfreq+\dfreq')\fstep} \trafunconj{\dtime' \tstep,\dfreq' \fstep}}.
\ea %

Motivated by the (approximate)
diagonalization~\eqref{eq: approximate diagonalization}, we write the transmit signal $\inp(\time)$ as
\bal\label{eq: input signal}
    \inp(\time)=\sum_{\dtime=-\infty}^{\infty} \sum_{\dfreq=0}^{\fslots-1} \inpdiscr_{\dfdt}g_{\dfdt}(\time)
\eal
where the $\inpdiscr_{\dfdt}$ are the information-bearing data symbols. This
modulation scheme corresponds to pulse-shaped orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)
with OFDM symbol duration $\tstep$ and
subcarrier spacing $\fstep$. The transmit-signal bandwidth is given by $\bandwidth= \fslots\fstep$.
With the received signal
$\outp(\time) = \outpnonoise(\time)+\noise(\time)$
and
$\noise(\time)$
circularly symmetric additive white Gaussian noise so that\footnote{In the remainder of the paper (apart from Section~\ref{Sec: numerical evaluation}), we normalize the one-sided
noise spectral density according to $\noiseDen=1$.}
$\EV{}{z(t)z^{*}(t')} = \delta(t - t')$,
 the receiver computes the
inner products $\outdiscr_{\dfdt} = \langle \outp, g_{\dfdt}\rangle$.
Exploiting the orthonormality of the
basis functions $g_{\dfdt}(\time)$, we obtain the overall input-output
relation
\bal
    \outdiscr_{\dfdt} = \chdiscr_{\dfdt} \inpdiscr_{\dfdt} + \noisediscr_{\dfdt} \label{generalch}
\eal
where $\chdiscr_{\dfdt}=\trafun{\dtime \tstep,\dfreq \fstep}$ and $\mathbb{E}\{\noisediscr_{\dfdt}\conj{\noisediscr}_{\dfdtprime}\} =
\delta_{\dtime,\dtime'}\delta_{\dfreq,\dfreq'}$.
In summary, we transmit and receive on the channel's (approximate)
eigenfunctions (which are TF-translates of the prototype function $g(\time)$), thereby realizing a tiling of the TF-plane. For a detailed discussion of the approximation~\eqref{eq: approximate diagonalization} and the consequences of restricting the class of input signals to~\eqref{eq: input signal}, the interested reader is referred to~\cite{durisi07a}. In the following, we refer to the index \dtime as representing the ``time-domain'' and the index~\dfreq as representing the ``frequency-domain''.

We assume that each channel use takes place over \fslots subcarriers and \tslots
OFDM symbols.
 The \fslots-dimensional  vector containing the data symbols transmitted in the $\dtime$th OFDM symbol ($\all{\dtime}{\tslots}$) is denoted as
$\X_{\dtime}=\tp{[\inpdiscr_{\dtime,0}\:\: \inpdiscr_{\dtime,1}\:\:\cdots\:\: \inpdiscr_{\dtime, \fslots-1}]}.$
The~vectors $\Y_{\dtime}$, $\Hv_{\dtime}$, and $\Z_{\dtime}$ are defined correspondingly.
Furthermore, we define  the $\tslots\fslots$-dimensional vector containing the data symbols transmitted in one channel use as
 $\X=\tp{[\tp{\X_0}\:\: \tp{\X_1} \:\: \cdots\:\: \tp{\X_{\tslots-1}}]}.$
Again, $\Y$, $\Hv$ and $\Z$ are defined correspondingly. Finally, we denote the covariance matrix of the channel vector \Hv
by $\cov{\Hv}=\EV{}{\Hv\herm{\Hv}}$. Since $\chdiscr_{\dfdt}$ is WSS in \dtime and \dfreq, the matrix $\cov{\Hv}$ is block-Toeplitz.

The input-output relation corresponding to one channel use can now be written as
\ba
 	\Y=\diag{\Hv} \X + \Z.
\ea
Note that the channel in~\eqref{generalch} will in general not be memoryless because the channel gains $\chdiscr_{\dfdt}$ are correlated across time index \dtime and across frequency index \dfreq.
Throughout the paper, we assume an average-power constraint  according to $\avP$.
In addition, setting $\Ppeak=\ppar \Pave$, with $\ppar\geq 1$, we impose a peak constraint distinguishing the following two cases:
\begin{enumerate}[i)]
\item {\em Peak constraint in time and frequency:} \pagebreak The data symbols satisfy
 \bal\label{def: PeakPerTF}
 	|\inpdiscr_{\dfdt}|^2 \leq {\Ppeak \tstep}/{\fslots}\qquad  \text{a.s.}\:\: \forall \dfdt
\eal
where a.s. stands for \textit{almost surely}.
\item {\em Peak constraint in time:}  The data symbols satisfy
 \bal\label{def: PeakPerSymb}
 	\|\X_{\dtime}\|^2 \leq \Ppeak \tstep \qquad \text{a.s.} \:\: \forall \dtime.
\eal
\end{enumerate}
While Condition i) prohibits
peakiness in time {\em as well as} peakiness in frequency, Condition ii) prohibits peakiness in time only, still allowing for a signaling scheme that is peaky in frequency.
Note that we impose peak constraints in the channel's eigenspace (i.e., on the data symbols $\inpdiscr_{\dfdt}$) rather than on the continuous-time transmit signal $\inp(\time)$.
\section{Capacity Bounds under Peak Constraints in Time and Frequency}
For a given bandwidth $\bandwidth=\fslots \fstep$, the capacity (in nat/s) of the channel~\eqref{generalch}
is defined as
\begin{align}\label{def: capacityPeakTF}
 	C(\bandwidth)=\limK \frac{1}{\tslots \tstep} \supPeakAve I(\Y;\X)
\end{align}
where the supremum is taken over the set of input distributions $\Prob_{\!\X}$  satisfying the average-power constraint $\avP$ and the peak constraint~\eqref{def: PeakPerTF}.
We shall next derive two upper bounds and a lower bound
on~\eqref{def: capacityPeakTF}.
The first upper bound and the lower bound generalize the bounds for the frequency-flat, time-selective fading
case reported in~\cite[Prop. 3.1]{sethuraman06-07a}
and~\cite[Prop. 2.2]{sethuraman05-07a}, respectively, to the TF-selective underspread
case.
In contrast to~\cite{sethuraman06-07a} and~\cite{sethuraman05-07a}, our proof
techniques do not explicitly rely on the relationship between the lag-one mean-square prediction error
of a WSS process and its spectral measure~\cite[Th. 4.3]{doob}.
Instead, we use the relation between mutual information and MMSE discovered in~\cite{guo05-04a}, and a generalization of Szeg\"{o}'s theorem on the asymptotic eigenvalue distribution of Toeplitz matrices  to the case of block-Toeplitz matrices~\cite{tyrtyshnikov98}.
The second upper bound is standard and is obtained by assuming perfect CSI at the receiver.
\subsection{First Upper Bound}
\begin{Theor}\label{Theorem: ub1}
The capacity of a TF-selective underspread Rayleigh fading channel, with scattering function $\scaFtn$, under the average-power constraint \avP and the peak constraint~\eqref{def: PeakPerTF} with $\Ppeak=\ppar \Pave$, is upper-bounded as $C(\bandwidth)\leq \UBone(\bandwidth)$, where
\bal
 \UBone(\bandwidth)&=     \frac{\bandwidth}{\TF} \log\mathopen{}\left( 1+\alphanew  \Pave\frac{\TF}{\bandwidth}\sigmaH \right)-  \alphanew A(\bandwidth,\ppar) \label{def: UB1 cont}
\eal
with
\bal
 	\alphanew&=\min\mathopen{}\left\{ 1, \frac{\bandwidth}{\TF}\left(\frac{1}{A(\bandwidth,\ppar)} -\frac{1}{\Pave\sigmaH}\right) \right\}\label{eq: min for therorem UB1}
\eal
and
\ba
 	A(\bandwidth,\ppar)&=\frac{\bandwidth}{\ppar}\inttaunu{1+\frac{\ppar \Pave}{\bandwidth}\scaFtn} \notag.
\ea
\end{Theor}
\begin{proof}
A sketch of the proof  can be found in Appendix~\ref{App: proof of theorem 1}.
\end{proof}
The upper bound~\eqref{def: UB1 cont} generalizes the upper bound~\cite[Eq. (2)]{schafhuber04}, which holds only for constant modulus signals, i.e., for $\abs{\inpdiscr_{\dfdt}}=\mathrm{const.},$ $\forall{\dfdt}$. The bounds~\eqref{def: UB1 cont} and~\cite[Eq. (2)]{schafhuber04} are both explicit in the channel's scattering function, have similar structure and coincide for $\ppar=1$ when $\alphanew=1$ in~\eqref{eq: min for therorem UB1}.

\subsection{Perfect Receive CSI Upper Bound}

A straightforward upper bound on~\eqref{def: capacityPeakTF} is obtained by assuming perfect CSI at the receiver and neglecting the peak constraint~\eqref{def: PeakPerTF}, but retaining the average-power constraint.
The resulting bound is given by
\bal\label{def: UB2 cont}
 	\UBtwo(\bandwidth)=  \frac{\bandwidth}{\TF}\: \EV{\chdiscr}{\log\mathopen{}\left(1 + \frac{\Pave\, \TF}{\bandwidth} |\chdiscr|^2 \right)}
\eal
with $\chdiscr\sim\circnorm(0,\sigmaH)$.
\subsection{Lower Bound}

\begin{Theor}\label{Theorem: lower bound}
	The capacity of a TF-selective underspread Rayleigh fading channel, with scattering function $\scaFtn$, under the average-power constraint \avP and the peak constraint~\eqref{def: PeakPerTF} with $\Ppeak =\ppar \Pave$, is lower-bounded, for large enough $\bandwidth$\!, as $C(\bandwidth)\geq \LB(\bandwidth)=\max_{1 \leq \gamma \leq \ppar} \LB(\bandwidth,\gamma)$, where
\begin{multline}
	 \LB(\bandwidth,\gamma)=      \frac{\bandwidth}{\gamma\TF} I(\outdiscr;\inpdiscr|\chdiscr) \\
	 - \frac{\bandwidth}{\gamma}\inttaunu{1+\frac{\gamma\Pave}{\bandwidth}\scaFtn}\label{def: LB cont2}.
\end{multline}
The first term on the RHS of~\eqref{def: LB cont2} is the perfect-CSI mutual information of a scalar channel with input-output relation $\outdiscr=\chdiscr\inpdiscr+\noisediscr$, where $\chdiscr\sim \circnorm(0,\sigmaH)$, $\abs{\inpdiscr}^{2}=\gamma\Pave\tstep/{\fslots}$ a.s., and $\noisediscr\sim\circnorm(0,1)$.
\end{Theor}
\begin{proof}
	A sketch of the proof  can be found in Appendix~\ref{App: proof of theorem 2}.
\end{proof}
Noting that constant modulus constellations are second-order optimal in the low-SNR regime (see~\cite[Th. 14]{verdu02-06a}), we obtain the following explicit expression for~\eqref{def: LB cont2}:
\begin{multline}
 	\LB(\bandwidth,\gamma)  \approx  \Pave \sigmaH - \frac{\gamma ( \Pave \sigmaH)^2 \TF}{\bandwidth}  \\
	- \frac{\bandwidth}{\gamma}\inttaunu{1+\frac{\gamma\Pave}{\bandwidth}\scaFtn}\label{def: LB approx beta}.
\end{multline}
\subsection{Discussion of the Bounds}

The upper bound~\eqref{def: UB1 cont} and the lower bound~\eqref{def: LB cont2} have the same structure in the sense of being the difference of the mutual information of a memoryless channel and a penalty term that depends on the fading channel memory. Moreover, both bounds are explicit in the channel's scattering function.
Unlike the upper bound~\eqref{def: UB1 cont}, the lower bound~\eqref{def: LB cont2} holds only for large bandwidths as the penalty term on the RHS of~\eqref{def: LB cont2} admits a closed-form (integral) expression only for sufficiently large \bandwidth.
\subsection{Numerical Evaluation of the Bounds}\label{Sec: numerical evaluation}
\begin{figure}[t] \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.46\textwidth]{tau3beta1v4.pdf}
  \caption{\UBone, \UBtwo, \LB, and the approximate lower bound~\eqref{def: LB approx beta} for $\ppar=1$.}\label{Fig: bounds TF-peak}
\end{figure}
In this section, we provide  numerical results based on
the upper bounds~\eqref{def: UB1 cont} and~\eqref{def: UB2 cont}, and on the lower bound~\eqref{def: LB cont2},   where the first term in~\eqref{def: LB cont2} is evaluated \pagebreak numerically for QPSK modulation    using the algorithm proposed in~\cite{he05-05a}.
We use IEEE 802.11a related
system parameters, i.e., $\TF=1.25$, transmit power equal to $1$~mW and one-sided
noise spectral density $\noiseDen=4.14 \cdot 10^{-21}$~W/Hz.
The channel's scattering function is assumed to be brick-shaped with  $\spread=10^{-3}$ (i.e., the channel is highly underspread) and path loss $\sigmaH=-90$ dB.
Fig.~\ref{Fig: bounds TF-peak}  shows $\UBone(\bandwidth)$, $\UBtwo(\bandwidth)$,
$\LB(\bandwidth)$ and the approximation~\eqref{def: LB approx beta}
for  $\ppar=1$.
We can see
that \UBone and \LB take on a maximum at the {\em critical} bandwidth of approximately $1$ GHz and then approach
zero as the bandwidth increases.
The approximation~\eqref{def: LB approx beta} is accurate for bandwidths above the critical bandwidth, and very loose otherwise.
The effect of the capacity decreasing for bandwidths exceeding the critical bandwidth, and eventually going to zero, is known in the literature as {\em overspreading}~\cite{medard02-04a,subramanian02-04a,telatar00-07a}.
Overspreading occurs since the peak constraint~\eqref{def: PeakPerTF} prohibits peakiness of the signaling scheme in time as well as in frequency.

\section{Infinite-Bandwidth Capacity under Peak Constraint in Time}

We shall next relax the peak constraint in time and frequency and impose a peak constraint in time only according to~\eqref{def: PeakPerSymb}, while maintaining the average-power constraint \avP. In addition, we focus on the infinite-bandwidth limit only. A capacity lower bound, which is explicit in the channel's scattering function, will allow us to conclude that the overspreading phenomenon discussed in the previous section can be eliminated by allowing the transmit signal to be peaky in frequency.
We start by defining the infinite-bandwidth capacity of the channel~\eqref{generalch} as
\ba
 	\infcapacity=\limK  \limN \supPeakSymbAve \frac{1}{\tslots \tstep} I(\Y; \X)
\ea
where the supremum is taken over the set of input distributions $\Prob_{\!\X}$ satisfying the average-power constraint $\avP$ and the peak constraint~\eqref{def: PeakPerSymb}.
We derive a lower bound on \infcapacity by evaluating ${1}/{(\tslots \tstep)} \cdot I(\Y; \X)$ in the limit $\tslots,\fslots\to \infty$ for a specific signaling scheme. This signaling scheme, described in detail in~\cite{durisi07a} mimics the FSK scheme used in~\cite{viterbi67-07a}, and can be interpreted as a generalization (to channels with memory in time and frequency) of the on-off FSK scheme proposed in~\cite{gursoy06} for memoryless (Ricean) fading channels. The resulting lower bound is summarized as follows.
\begin{Theor}\label{Theor: infinite bandwidth}
	The infinite-bandwidth capacity of a TF-selective
	underspread Rayleigh fading channel, with scattering function  $\scaFtn$, under the average-power constraint \avP  and the peak constraint~\eqref{def: PeakPerSymb} with $\Ppeak=\ppar \Pave$,
	%
	 is lower-bounded
	%
	as $\infcapacity \geq \LB(\ppar)$, where
 	%
 	%
	%
 	%
 	\bal
 	 	 	\LB(\ppar) &= \Pave\sigmaH -\frac{1}{\ppar} \intnu{1 + \ppar \Pave  \scafuntilde{\doppler}}
 	 	 	\label{def :Viterbi}
	\eal
	with
 	%
 	 $	\scafuntilde{\doppler} =\int_{\delay} \scaFtn \mathrm{d}\delay $
 	%
 	%
 	%
 	denoting the power-Doppler profile~\cite{bello63-12a} of the channel.
\end{Theor}
\begin{proof}
	The proof of this result can be found in~\cite{durisi07a}.
\end{proof}

The lower bound in~\eqref{def :Viterbi} coincides with Viterbi's lower bound~\eqref{eq: viterbi result} when $\ppar=1$. The proof technique used to obtain Theorem~\ref{Theor: infinite bandwidth} is, however, conceptually different from that in~\cite{viterbi67-07a}. Specifically,  in~\cite{viterbi67-07a} an appropriate choice of the codebook, namely FSK, reduces a WSSUS TF-selective fading channel with scattering function \scaFtn to an effective frequency-flat, time-selective fading channel with power-Doppler profile $\scafuntilde{\doppler}$. A Karhunen-Lo\`{e}ve decomposition of the resulting effective time-selective fading channel then leads to a closed-form\xspace expression for the error exponent, which finally yields the capacity expression~\eqref{eq: viterbi result}. The proof of Theorem~\ref{Theor: infinite bandwidth}, on the other hand, starts from an eigenfunction decomposition of the WSSUS TF-selective channel's impulse response $\ch{\time,\time'}$, and establishes an infinite-bandwidth capacity lower bound by computing the rate achievable for a specific signaling scheme (which mimics FSK). The main tool used in the proof of Theorem~\ref{Theor: infinite bandwidth} is a property of the information divergence of FSK constellations, first presented in a different context in~\cite{butman73}.
\appendices

\section{}\label{App: proof of theorem 1}

\paragraph*{Sketch of the proof of Theorem~\ref{Theorem: ub1}}
Fix $\tslots$ and $\fslots$. Following~\cite{sethuraman06-07a}, we use the chain rule for mutual information to write the supremum in~\eqref{def: capacityPeakTF} as
\begin{multline}\label{eq: App 1 chain rule}
	\supPeakAve I(\Y;\X) = \supPeakAve \mathopen{}\left\{ I(\Y;\X,\Hv) - I(\Y;\Hv|\X) \right \}  \\
	\leq  \supalpha \Biggl\{  \supPeakRho  I(\Y;\X,\Hv) - \infPeakRho I(\Y;\Hv|\X)\Biggr\}
\end{multline}
where~\eqref{eq: App 1 chain rule} follows by rewriting the supremum over $\Prob_{\!\X}$  as  a double supremum over $\alpha \in [0, 1]$ and over the set of input distributions  $\widetilde{\Prob}_{\!\X}$ satisfying \avalpha and the peak constraint~\eqref{def: PeakPerTF}.
Define $\XX=\diag{\X}$. The first term on the RHS of~\eqref{eq: App 1 chain rule} can be upper-bounded as follows
\vspace{-1mm}
\bal
	&\supPeakRho  I(\Y;\X,\Hv) \stackrel{(a)}{\leq}  \sup_{\avalpha} \logdet{ \I+ \EV{}{ \XX \cov{\Hv}  \herm{\XX}}}\notag \\
	    &\quad \qquad\stackrel{(b)}{\leq} \sup_{\avalpha}  \sum_{\dtime=0}^{\tslots-1}\sum_{\dfreq=0}^{\fslots-1} \log\mathopen{}\left(1 + \EV{}{\abs{\inpdiscr_{\dfdt}}^{2}}\sigmaH\right)\notag \\
	%
	&\quad \qquad \stackrel{(c)}{\leq} \tslots\fslots  \log\mathopen{}\left( 1 + \frac{\alpha\Pave\tstep  }{\fslots}\sigmaH \right)\label{eq: App 1 concavity}
\eal
where~(a) follows by ignoring the peak constraint
and upper-bounding $I(\Y;\X,\Hv)$
 by the capacity of an AWGN channel with input $\XX\Hv$,~(b) follows from Hadamard's inequality, and~(c) follows from the concavity of the $\log$ function.
The second term on the RHS of~\eqref{eq: App 1 chain rule} can be lower-bounded as
\bal\label{eq: lower bound-second term}
	\infPeakRho I(\Y;\Hv|\X) \geq c \inttaunulog{1 + \frac{\ppar \Pave}{\fslots \fstep}\scaFtn}
 \eal
with $c={\alpha\tslots\fslots\tstep\fstep}/{\ppar}$. The proof of~\eqref{eq: lower bound-second term}, detailed in~\cite{durisi07a}, is based on the relation between mutual information and MMSE discovered in~\cite{guo05-04a} and on the closed-form expression for the noncausal MMSE of a two-dimensional stationary random process obtained in~\cite{helstrom67}.
Inserting~\eqref{eq: App 1 concavity} and~\eqref{eq: lower bound-second term} in~\eqref{eq: App 1 chain rule}, dividing by $\tslots\tstep$, and using $\bandwidth=\fslots\fstep$, we get
\begin{multline}
	\UBone(\bandwidth) = \supalpha \Biggl \{ \frac{\bandwidth}{\tstep\fstep} \log\mathopen{}\left( 1 + \frac{\alpha \Pave \tstep\fstep}{\bandwidth}\sigmaH \right) \\
- \frac{\alpha\bandwidth}{\ppar} \inttaunulog{ 1 +\frac{\ppar \Pave}{\bandwidth}\scaFtn} \Biggr \}. \notag
\end{multline}
As the function the supremum is taken over is concave in $\alpha$, the maximizing value given in~\eqref{eq: min for therorem UB1} is unique and can be obtained by differentiating with respect to $\alpha$.

\section{}\label{App: proof of theorem 2}

\paragraph*{Sketch of the proof of Theorem~\ref{Theorem: lower bound}}
For the sake of simplicity of exposition, we outline the proof for $\ppar=1$ only. The result for general \ppar follows from a simple time-sharing argument~\cite[Corollary 2.1]{sethuraman05-07a}. We first lower-bound $C(\bandwidth)$ in~\eqref{def: capacityPeakTF} by assuming a specific input distribution, namely, by letting \X have independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.\@\xspace), constant modulus entries, each of which satisfies $\abs{\inpdetscal}^2=\Pave \tstep/\fslots$. In the following, vectors $\X$ with this property will be denoted as \Xiid.  Next, we use the well-known inequality
\bal
		I(\Y;\Xiid) &= I(\Y;\Xiid,\Hv)- I(\Y;\Hv|\Xiid) \notag \\
		                        &\geq I(\Y;\Xiid|\Hv)  - I(\Y;\Hv|\Xiid).\label{eq: App II  mut inf lb}
\eal
The i.i.d.\@\xspace and the constant modulus assumptions imply that
\bal
	I(\Y;\Xiid|\Hv)&= \tslots\fslots I(\outdiscr;\inpdiscriid|\chdiscr) \label{eq: App II coherent part}
\eal
and %
\bal
	I(\Y;\Hv|\Xiid)&=\logdet{\I + \frac{\Pave \tstep}{\fslots} \cov{\Hv}} \label{eq: App II constant modulus}.
\eal
Next, by inserting~\eqref{eq: App II coherent part} and~\eqref{eq: App II constant modulus} in~\eqref{eq: App II  mut inf lb}, dividing by $\tslots \tstep$, and  taking the limit  $\tslots \to \infty$, we obtain
\begin{multline}\label{eq: App II lb discrete time}
	C(\fslots \fstep)\geq \LB(\fslots \fstep)=\frac{\fslots}{\tstep} I(\outdiscr;\inpdiscriid|\chdiscr) \\
	%
	-\limK \frac{1}{\tslots\tstep} \logdet{\I + \frac{\Pave\tstep}{\fslots} \cov{\Hv}}.
\end{multline}
 %
 %
 %
 Finally, we use the generalization of Szeg\"o's theorem to block-Toeplitz matrices  provided in~\cite{tyrtyshnikov98} to show that for large enough~\fslots  the second term on the RHS of~\eqref{eq: App II lb discrete time}    admits the  following closed-form approximate integral expression
 %
 %
 %
\begin{multline}
 \limK \frac{1}{\tslots\tstep} \logdet{\I + \frac{\Pave\tstep}{\fslots} \cov{\Hv}}  \\
 \approx \fslots\fstep\! \inttaunulog{1+\frac{\Pave}{\fslots \fstep}\scaFtn}\label{eq: approx theorem 2}.
\end{multline}
 %
 %
 %
 The proof is complete by replacing~\eqref{eq: approx theorem 2} in~\eqref{eq: App II lb discrete time} and substituting $\bandwidth=\fslots \fstep$.

\vspace{-0.9\baselineskip}
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
''I gave Ingvar Kamprad an embroidered bathrobe as present, and he went through the city to the hotel wearing it''
How unscrewed chair leg and hot dogs helped to create the global business empire IKEA
Photo: ntv.ru
The IKEA founder, Ingvar Kamprad, passed away on 27 January. He was a celestial from the entrepreneurial pantheon with his unique style. About such people they write books, study cases from their experience, and their quotes are spread in social networks. Meanwhile, in life and work Kamprad was an example of modesty and demanding attitude to himself, as if personifying the idea of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Realnoe Vremya presents to the readers the stages of Kamprad and his company lives.
1. Business genius from Swedish backwoods, a fellow countryman of Astrid Lindgren
The birthplace of Ingvar Kamprad is a poor agricultural region of Småland, where world famous Swedish writer Astrid Lindgren is from. Kamprad was born in Småland in 1926, and here he died surrounded by loved ones. The Swedish province is known worldwide for the series of novels by Lindgren about the adventures of restless boy Emil i Lönneberga. It is no coincidence that children's playrooms in IKEA stores are called Småland, but I'll tell of the origin of original IKEA names a little later.
2. First money from resale of matches
As well as literary Emil, little Ingvar was constantly concerned about the question of pocket money. His natural tendency to trade helped him to resolve this issue. Kamprad said about himself that he was born with the ability to trade. His mother came from a family of the most famous traders in Älmhult. Her father, my grandfather, Carl Bernard Nilsson, owned the biggest store in town. Aged 5, Ingvar made his first trade transaction by reselling matches to neighbours. He ordered a pack of 100 matchboxes on sale in Stockholm and resold them at a higher price. The matches were followed by collected with his own hands berries, fish, and seeds.
The birthplace of Ingvar Kamprad is a poor agricultural region of Småland, where world famous Swedish writer Astrid Lindgren is from. Photo: ikeamuseum.com
3. An unscrewed chair leg can also become a breakthrough
The first IKEA store was opened in 1943 and traded different goods and petty commodity. In 5 years the range was added with furniture. But the real breakthrough was in 1956, when Kamprad's company mastered the sale of self-assembly furniture in flat boxes. Everything genial is simple, you just have to unscrew chair legs so a chair takes up much less space. Once Kamprad noticed how his employee was doing it and introduced the idea on an assembly line. The company saved on delivery and assembly of furniture. The buyer, who together with his family assembles a table or wardrobe, feels himself a master and becomes loyal to the brand.
4. The idea comes first
To enter the global market, Ingvar Kamprad's company demonstrated the same high degree of mobility and ergonomics as his products. Design is the key success of IKEA. The production involves more than 1,700 companies in the field that use exclusively local raw materials for the sake of saving. At the same time, Kamprad personally conducted the quality control. ''At the time, we arranged for him an exhibition of entrepreneurs for the products that are sold in his store. He received this contest with all his heart. He personally came to all the participants and asked the details why it was such cost and how it was done,'' Kamil Iskhakov (an IKEA opened in Kazan when he was taking the post of mayor of the city) told Realnoe Vremya.
5. National style for global market
Strange names of products sold in IKEA stores have long been a reason for jokes in Russia. In fact, their meanings are very obvious — it is the names of cities, villages and towns, as well as local flora and fauna. Similarly, residents of Sweden would guess about why the refrigerator is called Sviyaga if the brand was global. Although there are also some experiments in the naming of the company. For example, during the advertising campaign, Retail Therapy named part of the goods in accordance with popular Google searches.
The first IKEA store in Swedish Älmhult. Photo: wikipedia.org
6. Hot dogs work on marketing
Hot dogs that are sold near cash desks in each IKEA store is not just a point of catering, it is part of the marketing strategy. They need to show customers that in the store absolutely everything is cheaper than in other places, even a sausage roasted with bread. Ingvar Kamprad personally insisted on a hot dog cost 5 crowns in IKEA, although in Sweden they cost 10-15 crowns. Since then, people began to call all cheapest products as hot dogs.
7. Austerity and economy as the basic principle of corporate ethics
IKEA employees do not fly in business class and do not use expensive executive cars. Ingvar Kamprad personally set the example. Kamil Iskhakov still cannot forget one of the meetings with the modest billionaire. ''About modesty Kamprad they tell a lot, but I have seen this personally. When we were preparing the store opening in Kazan, it was scheduled a meeting in Oslo. I stayed in a middle class hotel and asked Ingvar where I could come to discuss business issues. He insisted that he would come to me himself and we would talk in the lobby. It turned out that he stayed in the cheapest hotel and it was awkward to invite me there. In the end, I gave him an embroidered bathrobe as a present, and he was wearing a very cheap, old and cold coat. He put on the bathrobe and went through the city to his hotel,'' the ex-mayor of Kazan recalls.
8. The support of the Tatar language
Realnoe Vremya already published a story about how in Kazan IKEA store there appeared signs in the Tatar language. Initially, all signs were only in Russian. Journalist Rimma Bikmukhametova turned to local leadership of the company in order to supplement them with plates in another state language of Tatarstan, but she was denied. Through the Finnish Tatars she had found the address of Kamprad and wrote him a letter. Within a month all the inscriptions and signs were translated into the Tatar language.
The opening of IKEA in Kazan. Photo: Mikhail Kozlovsky
9. The opening of IKEA became a driver of trade in Kazan
IKEA opened in Kazan ahead of most Russian cities, on 22 March 2004. Kamil Iskhakov is sure that it was a decisive step for the development of civilized trade in the city. ''If we hadn't established a contact with Ingvar Kamprad, the level of trade in Kazan would have been lower. He just never went on resolving issues. He had to see an economic viability of a project. In this case, I had more opponents than allies. And if we failed to bring them to Kazan, other global companies would not have opened here, too. But we succeeded, and now Kazan looks like a city with civilized trade infrastructure. Along with IKEA there came Mega, they were followed by METRO Cash and Carry and other global companies.''
10. The most expensive trade centre in Tatarstan
According to Realnoe Vremya, Mega is the most expensive shopping area in Kazan. In 2016, Ingvar Kamprad and his sons owned areas at 8,4 billion rubles.
By Mark Shishkin
Industry 09:00 Talia Minullina: "Global investment activity decline hasn't affected Tatarstan" Alabuga SEZ, where a petrochemical project worth 20 billion rubles is being prepared, will become the growth driver in the republic
Technologies 09:00 Tatarstan to modernise e-health care system Electronic Health Care of the Republic of Tatarstan Unified State Information System was down again on 20 January, but the Ministry of Digitalisation promises to achieve "failure-free operation of all public information system"
Technologies 09:00 Apple contractor from 'digital tent': how state helps develop IT Discussion of effect of digital cooperation of authorities and businesses at Gaidar Forum
Society 09:00 Treatment with deduction and other good news from a Russia's State Duma deputy The State Council of Tatarstan about the "social" changes of the Russian legislation
Economy 09:00 Russia's petrol prices stabilised in 2019 However, 2020 may bring new price spikes


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Walking Dead clip shows first 4 minutes of season premiere
Home » ENTERTAINMENT » TV » Walking Dead clip shows first 4 minutes of season premiere
Can't wait to see The Walking Dead? You don't have to. AMC has uploaded the first 4 minutes of the season premiere "No Sanctuary." It's filled with spoilers starting with the origin of Terminus. A flashback reveals the group was earnest in their offer of sanctuary until those who showed up turned on them. Gareth (Andrew J. West) insists that their intentions were good despite the outcome. The scene establishes the reason behind the candle lit memorial known as the Church, which Rick's group was herded to perhaps in an effort to justify their actions. The Termites aren't necessarily evil revealed a preview special that aired on Fourth of July weekend. West described his character as pragmatist and a survivor.
Rick (Andrew Lincoln) tells the others in the train box car to get ready to bum rush the Termites when they open the door. The plan falls apart when their captor throw in a flash grenade from above. The group is dragged into a slaughterhouse. We see two men carving up a body next to three containers: burn, feed and wash. The containers are presumably for inedible body parts, meat and clothes of their victims. Several group members are bound and gagged in front a basin like for draining their blood.
A Termite menacingly swings a baseball bat behind Glenn (Steven Yeun). The scene evokes strong emotions for fans of the comic book. It's eerily reminiscent of Glenn's death at the hands of Negan, the leader of another group who demanded tribute from all other groups. When Rick's group didn't fall in line he made an example of Glenn by bashing in his head with a barbwire covered baseball bat name Lucille.
It's already been revealed that everyone in Rick's group will survive (for now) but everyone else is SOL. Sam (Robin Lord Taylor) is first at bat and gets struck out at the end on the clip. Rick instantly recognizes Sam, whom he and Carol (Melissa McBride) encountered in "Indifference." Sam and his girlfriend Ana (Brina Palencia) tried to join Rick's group but she was eaten by walkers and he ran off. It seems unlikely Sam will survive as Taylor is already busy playing Oswald Cobblepot AKA the Penguin on the Fox TV series Gotham. Coincidentally, the mob boss Fish Mooney (Jada Pinkett Smith) hits Penguin with a baseball bat and breaks his leg, which gives him his distinctive waddle.
The Walking Dead premieres Sunday 9PM, October 12 on AMC.
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text:
Imprint: Jonathan Cape
Death in Her Hands
From one of our most provocative literary talents, a novel of haunting metaphysical suspense
A triumphant blend of horror, suspense and pitch-black comedy, from the Booker-shortlisted authorWhile on her daily walk with her dog in the nearby woods, our protagonist comes across a note, handwritten and carefully pinned to the ground with stones. Her name was Magda. Nobody will ever know who killed her. It wasn't me. Here is her dead body.
Shaky even on her best days, she is also alone, and new to this area, having moved here from her long-time home after the death of her husband, and now deeply alarmed. Her brooding about the note grows quickly into a full-blown obsession, as she explores multiple theories about who Magda was and how she met her fate. Her suppositions begin to find echoes in the real world, and the fog of mystery starts to form into a concrete and menacing shape. But is there either a more innocent explanation for all this, or a much more sinister one – one that strikes closer to home?
In this razor-sharp, chilling, and darkly hilarious novel, we must decide whether the stories we tell ourselves guide us closer to the truth or keep us further from it.**AN EVENING STANDARD BEST BOOK TO LOOK FORWARD TO IN 2020**
Ottessa Moshfegh has written four previous books: McGlue (2014); Eileen, which was awarded the 2016 PEN/Hemingway Award and shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize; Homesick for Another World (2017); and My Year of Rest and Relaxation (2018), which was shortlisted for the Wellcome Book Prize.
Also by Ottessa Moshfegh
Praise for Death in Her Hands
Death in her Hands is a return to the dark humour that marks Moshfegh's work to date, making it sure to hit the sweet spot with established fans.
Hunger TV, *Books of 2020*
An eerie, affecting book.
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Philip Pullman, Christopher Wormell
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Fiona McIntosh
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With customers from across Scotland, the UK and as far away as Australia, Cradle Care is one of the finest stockists of quality labels like Sarah Louise, Dani, Mayoral, Tutto Picollo, Mitch & Sons, Le Chic, Mini Conf, Lullaby, Lelli Kelly boots, shoes and sandals and many more. They also have exquisite ranges for both christenings and communions.
Cradle Care has a great reputation for customer service and attention to detail. A family run business with 20 years' experience under the current owners, you will be sure to find something delightful for your special someone. Make sure you like their Facebook page and look out for their new website www.cradlecaregreenock.com coming soon where you will be able to pre-order new seasons' stock and purchase current and sale stock from the site.


text:
een nest van een zwaluw
 Zwaluwnest (Krim), een kasteeltje op een hoge rots in de Krim
 Zwaluwnestorgel, een pijporgel dat als een soort van 'zwaluwnest' tegen een muur is opgehangen

Zie ook
 Vogelnestje (doorverwijspagina)


text:
Trade-Ideas: Micron Technology (MU) Is Today's "Perilous Reversal" Stock
Trade-Ideas LLC identified Micron Technology (MU) as a "perilous reversal" (up big yesterday but down big today) candidate
TheStreet Wire
Jul 27, 2016 12:20 PM EDT
Trade-Ideas LLC identified
) as a "perilous reversal" (up big yesterday but down big today) candidate. In addition to specific proprietary factors, Trade-Ideas identified Micron Technology as such a stock due to the following factors:
MU has an average dollar-volume (as measured by average daily share volume multiplied by share price) of $382.6 million.
MU has traded 18.5 million shares today.
MU is down 3.1% today.
MU was up 5.4% yesterday.
EXCLUSIVE OFFER: Get the inside scoop on opportunities in MU with the Ticky from Trade-Ideas. See the FREE profile for MU NOW at Trade-Ideas
More details on MU:
Micron Technology, Inc. provides semiconductor systems worldwide. It operates in four segments: Compute and Networking Business Unit, Mobile Business Unit, Storage Business Unit, and Embedded Business Unit. MU has a PE ratio of 44. Currently there are 13 analysts that rate Micron Technology a buy, 3 analysts rate it a sell, and 6 rate it a hold.
The average volume for Micron Technology has been 29.7 million shares per day over the past 30 days. Micron Technology has a market cap of $14.5 billion and is part of the technology sector and electronics industry. The stock has a beta of 1.87 and a short float of 6.5% with 2.58 days to cover. Shares are up 3.6% year-to-date as of the close of trading on Tuesday.
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TheStreetRatings.com
TheStreet Quant Ratings
rates Micron Technology as a
. The company's strengths can be seen in multiple areas, such as its largely solid financial position with reasonable debt levels by most measures and expanding profit margins. However, as a counter to these strengths, we also find weaknesses including feeble growth in the company's earnings per share, deteriorating net income and disappointing return on equity.
Highlights from the ratings report include:
MU's debt-to-equity ratio of 0.79 is somewhat low overall, but it is high when compared to the industry average, implying that the management of the debt levels should be evaluated further. Despite the fact that MU's debt-to-equity ratio is mixed in its results, the company's quick ratio of 1.57 is high and demonstrates strong liquidity.
43.24% is the gross profit margin for MICRON TECHNOLOGY INC which we consider to be strong. Regardless of MU's high profit margin, it has managed to decrease from the same period last year. Despite the mixed results of the gross profit margin, MU's net profit margin of -7.41% significantly underperformed when compared to the industry average.
Return on equity has greatly decreased when compared to its ROE from the same quarter one year prior. This is a signal of major weakness within the corporation. In comparison to the other companies in the Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment industry and the overall market, MICRON TECHNOLOGY INC's return on equity is significantly below that of the industry average and is below that of the S&P 500.
Net operating cash flow has significantly decreased to $389.00 million or 70.86% when compared to the same quarter last year. In addition, when comparing the cash generation rate to the industry average, the firm's growth is significantly lower.
You can view the full Micron Technology Ratings Report.
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text:
Metro Exodus to run at 1080P 60FPS for Nvidia RTX Cards According to 4A Games?
CrimsonRayne 24th August 2018 0 Comments
The early part of next year for gamer's is going to be incredibly exciting, not least of which because we see the release of Metro Exodus, the post-apocalyptic FPS being developed over at 4A Games.
4A Games and Nvidia have always had a good relationship, with earlier the Metro games supporting Nvidia's PhysX technology (and it looked rather awesome for the time too, albeit very expensive for the frame rate of the then current cards). So it is rather fitting that the first game announced to take advantage of the companies Ray Tracing technology was Metro Exodus, set for release February, 2019.
According to Ben Archard (who is the games Rendering Programmer) in a statement to Rock, Paper, Shotgun the studio are targeting 1080P at a steady 60FPS if Nvidia RTX effects are cranked up.
"We're always going to be pushing 60 fps. But we'll see what we get. Obviously, there are three cards there and we'll see what profiles we can get for each," said Ben.
"It's 1080p, yes. That's the goal, but we'll see how it goes. That's the trouble, we're developing it and optimizing it. We've got an existing engine with the existing systems, so a direct comparison isn't really fair. Yeah, when you first do it and first implement ray tracing in a naïve way, it's more expensive, it's slower. But if you optimise, yeah, you can get there. You get it up to frame rate and that's what we've been trying out. Actually saying what the final difference is, I can't because we're not finished."
So there's a few takeaways here; the first is that the team are still optimizing the game (with it being about half a year away from release), with the SDK and drivers of the graphics cards still early. It also seems that developers are still understanding how the technology works, and likely will need to tweak and adjust their game engines too.
But the other obvious issue – there's no information as to what hardware 1080P 60FPS is being the target of. There's a rather large difference in performance from the RTX 2070 graphics card to the RTX 2080 Ti, with the latter owning considerably more CUDA cores, RT cores and Tensor Cores, plus memory bandwidth.
If it's the RTX 2070 that we can expect 1080P 60FPS (and we certainly hope it is…) then that's pretty darn good, and a great sign for owners of the higher end SKUs. If it's the RTX 2080 or worse, the RTX 2080 Ti – well, that's not so good.
There have been reports that the GPU does struggle at higher resolutions with Ray Tracing enabled, with some reports that the RTX 2080 Ti wasn't capable of hitting 1080P 60FPS constant with Shadow of the Tomb Raider. But the developers of the game have also clarified that the patch will come after the games launch mid next month, and they're still improving performance.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QY6rL2KiDU
In traditional pixel pushing power though, there are also reports and benchmarks showing that without the RTX technology enabled, the cards are capable of hitting between 60 and 100 FPS… at 4K.
Ben Archard also confirmed that it was of course possible to switch off RTX features as you would any other graphical options. He said "'Okay, we're going to switch over to traditional global illumination systems, or we're going to switch over to the modern RT GI system. It's an optional feature, but it's a really, really important feature."
Below you can checkout the official Metro Exodus trailer showing off the Ray Tracing effects on a GeForce RTX card.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Yn09UHWYFY
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PNY Leak Final Specs of RTX 2080 & 2080 Ti | RTX Demonstrated With UE4 (5)
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AMD Launching Polaris Range of Radeon Graphics Cards In June To Go Up Against Nvidia's Pascal? (4)
Nvidia Volta GV100 Spotted in Drivers (3)
This article was filed under Features, PC Gaming News.
Tagged with dlss, geforce, metro exodus, Nvidia Geforce, nvidia rtx, ray tracing, rtx 2080, rtx performance.
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text:
What Would We Have Done with Eternity Anyway?
by Honey Hunters
© Copyright - Honey Hunters / Honey Hunters (193428094963)
Unrequited lust, people who win and still complain, and the various and sundry dynamics of human relationships with lovers, friends and random blow-ins - all explained herein with layered electric guitaring, harmonies and a deep voice. Get ya some...
Genre: Rock: Album Rock
1. Stalking Horse
2. Sore Winner
3. Sometime Soon
4. Goodbye Mr Pills
5. Choose Your Weapons
6. Forgetting
7. Is It Too Soon?
8. Whirlwind
9. Are You Listening?
10. Isn't It a Shame?
11. The Dream's Malfunction
What I did after the untimely demise of The Jongleurs - locked the acoustic guitars in the cupboard and polished up the electrics to play interweaving lines (generally) with a minimum of wanky soloing (OK, there are a couple, but they're not wanky, promise).
Songs about the guy who could never say no to pills (Goodbye Mr Pills) and the person who just wants to live a normal life and realise the simple dreams the rest of us take for granted but, by accident of birth, can't (The Dream's Malfunction), a couple who always fight because they're in a loop they seemingly can't get out of and one of them just isn't a very nice person (Choose Your Weapons) and the mysterious friendship held together by something that happened long, long ago which neither can get over but neither can talk about (Is It Too Soon?). Etc. Exploring the lives and relationships of friends, random blow-ins and partners, one track at a time.
When asked "Who do you sound like?" by a well-meaning person who thinks there's an easy answer, I have to say "I don't really know!" There are things you can click on on the page to have a listen yourself. You tell me! I get "Television" from the guitars, any number of random vocalists from Leonard Cohen (I wish!) to Ian Anderson to because of the voice - and some listeners are exasperated because I tend to veer a bit, stylistically. Oh well! I just do what I want to do.


The easiest way to join the DAV community is to purchase an annual field membership. This will give you access to the huge common field with electrical hookups, as well as our common facilities such as restrooms/showers, a picnic pavilion,a warm up shed and DSL on the field. We have nature trails to explore, and plenty of green space to enjoy. Camp on the field, or set up a tent among the trees.
Grier's Field is also available for rent for Star Parties or private events. If your club or organization wants to host a world class star party with incredible dark skies then contact us for more details and we will be glad to discuss how we can support your event.
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Please use one of the following membership forms to join DAV. This will give you all the necessary information about DAV (pin number to the front gate, location of the keys to the warm-up shed and the bathrooms) In order for you to recieve our DAV Membership Kit, please DO NOT go directly to PayPal to join.
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About 250 military and 40 corresponding equipment took part yesterday, and on Friday to Saturday night, in the activities to relief the victims and to limit the floods consequences in the counties of Buzau, Constanta, Dambovita, Ialomita, Ilfov, Vrancea and the Municipality of Bucharest.
The military rescued and evacuated people and goods, transported drinking water, food, blankets and construction materials and took part in floods fighting construction works.
Upon request by the Prefecture of Ialomita County, the military belonging to the 10th Engineer Brigade, Braila, have intervened with three trucks and six pneumatic boats in the locality of Barbulesti, transporting both food for about 100 isolated people quartered in the school, and local authorities dealing with the situation evaluation.
This morning, one truck and two pneumatic boats went to the village of Cratani to evacuate the monks of the water-surrounded Balaciu monastry. The activities there are in full progress.
The military of the 96th Engineer Battalion, Bucharest, opened, by controlled blasts, the routes for water evacuation in the locality of Movilita, Ialomita County.
In order to prevent more damage, 140 military of the 30th Guard and Protocol Regiment assisted the local population to build a protection dam along the banks of the lake.
The Ministry of National Defence is ready to intervene, whenever local authorities request it, with about 2,000 military and the corresponding equipment to rescue the people in need, to assist in building dams, to do away with the effects of the floods.


I came across an Instagram post from Kayla Itsines the other day which inspired the topic of this blog post. If I asked 10 women from our Callanan Fitclub members, most of them will say they have stretch marks of some kind if not all, even if they aren't mums yet. That would probably apply to the rest of Galway's population. Why are we talking about them?
Stretch marks, also known as striae are a form of scarring on the skin of a different colour, normally lighter than the skin caused by excessive stretching and rupture of elastic fibers, especially due to pregnancy, excessive weight gain or because of yo-yo dieting. It can appear anywhere but are more common on the abdomen, breast, bum and thighs.
So, here's Kayla showing off on Instagram her lines and explaining why she's proud of them. In recent years, you could see many celebs, even fitness models posting about their stretch marks.
 I think the fact famous women are talking about them and showing their own is an indication that we need to discuss the topic and establish why it shouldn't be talked about until it becomes normal and nobody feels they need to hide them. Here are 5 reasons to embrace your stretchmarks instead of hiding them.
Whether you got them from pregnancy or they appeared as a result of gaining then losing weight they will be there to remind you how you overcame a serious challenge in your life. For some women it would be multiple challenges, few children, losing a lot of weight or just growing up too quick. Bottom line is you are still here, your body is in one piece and still does that amazing 24/7 job it's been doing your whole life.
There's that saying "what doesn't kill you makes you stronger". Any challenges you have overcome in your life, may that be personal, professional or physical have made you stronger each time. Nobody can understand what it takes to give birth, only those who have done it at least once. Nobody will know what it means to lose 15+ kg of weight, only those who had to do it. Being reminded daily of how strong you really are will provide you with a daily boost of motivation that you can achieve whatever you put your mind into.
Media keeps trying to tell us what beautiful means, how gorgeous women should look and teach us how to hid anything that doesn't fit that mold. Unfortunately trying to meet an "idol" that is not us may result in compliments from strangers but your loved ones will see your beauty when you are not trying to fit into that mold but cherish your own individual beauty.
Your stretch marks make your body just as unique as a fingerprint. Even though most women will get them at some point in their life, everybody will have them ate different places, different shapes and colours which should make you feel even more special and the people who you trust to show them too.
Humans are social creatures and as such we seek mutual grounds with others in an attempt to build relationships. There are many ways doing that and even though men who went through sudden muscle growth might have stretch marks, they are specific for women and as such it's a mutual link between all of us.
These are the reasons I think we all should embrace our stretch marks, talk about them more and stop considering them as flaws or things we need to fix to become perfect. That'd be a failed attempt anyways as such thing doesn't exist. I believe that all women should embrace their own maximum potential within their imperfect existence and become confident and empowered. It starts with accepting our flaws.
If you feel you'd like to discuss more topics on female health, fitness or body image or have a specific question, feel free to contact us and ask for me, Colleen to get in touch.


We awarded our first big TV in the Make It Bigger TV Contest last week. Don't know about the greatest contest ever held on our website? Well listen up!
Every time someone enters the contest, we get a little closer to increasing the size of the next TV to give away. We started with a 32" TV, which Hector Perez won, and now we're waiting on more people to enter so we can give away a 48" TV.
After that, the grand prize is a 70" smart TV.
So what are you waiting for? Enter here and tell your friends to do the same so we can MAKE IT BIGGER! We're about 200 entries away from the next TV so tell everyone you know!