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About the Citizen's Basic Income Trust
Challenges to the DWP
Accelerating automation
Rapid growth of precarious work
Accelerating patterns of technological obsolescence
Changing family patterns
Need for new measures
International Evidence for a CBI
The Citizen's Basic Income Trust (CBIT) is an educational charity, (originally called the 'Basic Income Research Group'). CBIT was founded in 1984 and is politically independent. It exists to promote informed debate on the desirability and feasibility of a Citizen's Basic Income. It publishes and disseminates research through its newsletters, other publications, and website. It maintains a library of resources, and is active in responding to requests for information and ensuring that debate on Basic Income is accurate and founded on solid scholarship.
The challenges faced by the DWP as a result of the increasing automation brought about by the 'Fourth Industrial Revolution' have been building for several decades but are now accelerating. These challenges are compounded by huge changes in family patterns in modern society. These challenges include:
This does not just affect the manufacturing sector. Tasks which are being automated include knowledge work such as accounting, legal prep, as well as low paid-labour such as restaurant work (both in kitchens and waiting) and agriculture. These changes are affecting people across much wider income levels, including academics, the civil service, the legal profession. The impact of automation is also affecting unexpected sectors[1]. This is shrinking the job market, perhaps irreversibly. Various estimates put the estimate of jobs vulnerable to automation at between 30%-50%. [2] While it is undoubtedly the case that jobs eliminated from some sectors are replaced by new jobs in others, particularly the high tech sector, the general tendency has been for skilled, well-protected jobs to disappear, whilst the new jobs are more likely to be low-skilled, low-paid and poorly protected.The increasing globalisation of knowledge work may accelerate this trend.
This is a trend both in jobs with part-time or flexible hours, zero-hour contracts[3], remote working from home (now accelerated by Covid19 measures), agency work as well as platform working facilitated by phone applications like Uber and Deliveroo.[4] Between 2016 and 2019, the number of people in the UK who said their work was obtained via an online platform at least once a week doubled from an estimated 2.8 million people to an estimated 5.8 million (from 4.7% to 9.6% of the adult population) during this period. For the vast majority, this was not a 'job' but a top-up to earnings from other sources. This has been accompanied by major changes in work patterns with many practices used in the platform economy being adopted in more conventional employment[5].
A high, and rapidly growing proportion of the workforce is patching together an income from multiple sources - many of which are unpredictable and precarious and working outside the limits of the conventional working day as well as away from the traditionally-defined workplace. It is increasingly difficult to assign them to the categories 'employed' or 'seeking work' or to classify their employment status, rendering them simultaneously outside the scope of employment protection and of the benefits system.
The DWP, therefore, has the double challenge of determining the correct level of benefit for each household at any one time, as well as ensuring that uptake of benefits remains high amongst those eligible in the face of this ever-changing landscape. This is particularly the case after a recession, which in recent years has seen an increase in employment without security [6].
Rapid changes in technology make single time-frame training redundant. To retain up to date skills, workers will need to engage in constant retraining as technology advances and renders their old skills redundant or their area of work ceases to be viable.
This has been a problem for the DWP for decades, but it has become especially acute in recent years. There has been a marked increase in informal relationships and in the rate at which households with no formal agreement get together and split apart[7]. Spiraling rents in the metropolitan areas where most jobs are available has also meant an increase in house- or flatsharing by non-related adults. This has meant that the DWP is spending a lot of time and resources trying to establish who is and who is not in a 'household', only for this to change fairly frequently and with little or no notice. Economic insecurity has also led to a large increase in the numbers of those perceived to lead chaotic lifestyles.
As large companies increasingly automate jobs out of existence (something which will accelerate in the wake of Covid19), the most reliable source of new jobs will be (as it is now) new small enterprises[8]. Finding ways to facilitate the creation of these businesses is and will continue to be a major concern for the DWP. These arise from a number of factors, but include people identifying a gap in the local or national economy which they feel well-placed to fill, a need to be in control of one's own work hours and a desire to express their talents and expertise in a way suited to both themselves and the market.
One field in which the UK has a strong historical track record in creating new jobs is the field of creative industries, a field which is also being transformed by digitalisation. It is estimated by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport to be worth £268 billion in 2018[9]. This sector relies very heavily on precarious labour and unpaid internships. Creative content generators such as musicians and writers (with J.K. Rowling being a prominent example) generally require some supplementary form of income to produce their first works. Other specialists (eg editors, designers, studio technicians or post-production film workers) rely on unpaid internships to gain the experience on which they can build careers. Even when work is paid, it is often organised on a temporary project basis, with a self-employed workforce moving from project to project, perhaps having to supplement their incomes with earnings from other sources between 'gigs'. This deters talented people from entering the industry and, indeed, makes it impossible for those from economically or socially disadvantaged backgrounds from doing so, representing a major loss to these sectors and a constraint on their growth[10].
With more automation in other sectors, , the UK's world-leading creative industries, which export their products globally, will increase dramatically in importance. Any measure which can support the workforce and the development of new enterprises, as well as sustaining existing employment within these industries, will therefore produce major economic added value.
In the aftermath of Brexit, the government has had to find other ways to support agriculture and food security - and environmental sustainability. CAP was always flawed in the sense that many small farmers were ineligible because of their small size or weren't growing the crops supported. The government's proposals for supporting farmers after Brexit are still very complicated and difficult to access[11]. CAP also paid out huge sums[12] to larger landowners for keeping their land fallow, while many small dairy, livestock and fruit farms missed out, and many have gone under in the past few decades. The suicide rate among agricultural workers in general is twice the national average[13]. The sector is rapidly getting older, with up to a third over 65[14], so there is an urgent need to attract younger people. Farmers are also missing the seasonal migrants from the EU who made sure that crops were picked. The current benefit system under Universal Credit will not be fit to ensure that UK residents can easily pick up this work without endangering their claims, either by having to change address temporarily or perhaps by being treated as earning too much in one month but nothing in another.
As families and individuals adapt to all of these challenges, there is a need for the DWP to also adapt and find ways to support them. We believe that a Universal Basic Income, or a Citizens Basic Income (CBI) can help to address all of these challenges.
A CBI is a regular cash payment by the state to each individual, without means test or work requirement. Income from work or other sources would be paid in addition to a CBI, and taxed appropriately[15]. For a costed indicative scheme, please see the 2017 booklet produced by CBIT, Citizens Basic Income: a Brief Introduction[16].
But there is now a variety of potential schemes, including those detailed in reports from the recent Scottish feasibility study of basic income pilots[17], Compass[18], and the RSA[19].
CBI has several advantages for both citizens and the DWP:
1. Because the payment is not means-tested, there would be no need for the DWP to constantly adjust the level of CBI against income. There is evidence to suggest that Universal Credit can make regular incomes more irregular. [20]
2. Because the payment is individual, there would be no need for the DWP to grapple with changes in household structures.
3. Because the payment is regular, it would support more entrepreneurial activity, since people would not be risking their financial or domestic security while they establish a new business.
4. It would support retraining in the wake of job automation, because individuals would be able to have a predictable income floor while they retrain.
5. It would support a labour market in which people are free to move flexibly in and out of work, from employer to employer and assignment to assignment without the penalties currently associated with precarious employment, in the process boosting the job creation process and supporting new and small enterprises. This flexibility benefits employers, employees and the self-employed.
6. It will ensure that no one falls into absolute deprivation as a result of job loss or illness.
7. It would be an efficient mechanism for rapidly injecting more cash into the economy when there are shocks in the labour market, as we have seen with Covid19.
8. It would free the DWP from having to police household and income changes and instead, allow coaches to concentrate on supporting people through retraining and the establishment of new enterprises.
9. It would free unpaid carers to work more or less as they need or want to work without worrying about adjusting their claims. The value of unpaid care of adults is £54 billion[21], of children £123 billion[22]. This important element of the economy needs to be supported, especially as the need for care rises with an aging population. It is also one of the few kinds of work which cannot be automated away. Carers Allowance is too restrictive to allow carers to earn much money on top from a paid job, but too little to live on while they provide unpaid care.
10. It would support the development of creative industries in the UK, enabling them to continue to grow whilst also promoting equality of opportunity within them.
11. A CBI would be of great benefit to agriculturalists, be they farmers, seasonal workers or people growing food in urban settings, especially those focussing on environmental sustainability.
Over the past 50 years there have been various implementations and experiments with forms of CBI around the world, in places such as India, Namibia[23], Kenya[24], Uganda[25], Finland[26] and the USA[27], among others.
They are associated with increased levels of physical and mental wellbeing, as well as contributing to greater social cohesion, crime reduction and greater levels of participation of women and disabled people in society. None of these pilots and implementations have found a link between CBI and decreasing willingness to work.
The closest ongoing implementation of UBI is the Alaska Permanent Fund, which has been giving a regular yearly payment to every qualifying resident since 1982. The money comes from revenues generated by the investments of oil royalties in the international stock market.
A Citizen's Basic Income would help people manage changes in their lives without having to also manage their eligibility for benefits when they need them. For people with disabilities and/or high housing costs, some elements of means testing or assessment may have to remain in place for the extra money they need, but by eliminating most means testing, and through individual payments, CBI would provide a floor upon which everyone could build. It would free work coaches to focus on helping rather than monitoring people. It would free people to look after those they love when this is needed, thus relieving some of the stress on social care systems. A CBI could be the foundation of a much healthier, creative and integrated society, and support the DWP to help people face the changes in the world of work - to say nothing of the changes in the rest of the society - with confidence.
[1] https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/oct/16/automation-jobs-uk-robots
[2] https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/11/the-changing-nature-of-work
https://www.pwc.co.uk/economic-services/ukeo/pwcukeo-section-4-automation-march-2017-v2.pdf
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/nov/29/five-ways-work-will-change-future-of-workplace-ai-cloud-retirement-remote
[3] The Office for National Statistics (ONS) estimated in 2019 that the percentage of people in employment on a zero-hours contract had grown from 0.6% in 2010 to 2.7% in 2019 (Office for National Statistics (2019) Dataset EMP17: People in employment on zero hours contracts, 12 August. https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/datasets/emp17peopleinemploymentonzerohourscontracts
[4] Temporary agency work was estimated in 2016 by the Resolution Foundation at 2.5% of the workforce (Kollewe, J. (2016))
'Britain's agency workers underpaid and exploited, thinktank says', Guardian, December 5. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/dec/05/britains-agency-workers-underpaid-and-exploited-thinktank-says
It was estimated that 4.2 million people were working from home in their main job in 2014 – the highest rate since comparable records began in 1998, when there were just 2.9 million.(National Archives (2014) https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105210705/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/lmac/characteristics-of-home-workers/2014/sty-home-workers.html - a number which has of course grown exponentially during the Covid crisis.
The ONS further estimated that the level of self-employment rose from 3.8 million to 4.6 million between 2008 and 2015 with a particularly strong increase in part-time self-employment (which grew by 88% between 2001 and 2015), with self-employed workers representing some 13% of the workforce.
Office for National Statistics (2016) Trends in self-employment in the UK https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/trendsinselfemploymentintheuk/2018-02-07
[5] Huws, U., Spencer, N.H. & M. Coates (2019) Platform Work in the UK 2016-2019, Brussels: Foundation for European Progressive Studies. https://www.feps-europe.eu/attachments/publications/platform20work20in20the20uk202016-201920v3-converted.pdf
[6] See page 5 first paragraph of https://basicincome.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Basic-Income-Labour-and-Migration.pdf
[7] https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/time-think-differently/trends-demography
[8] 95% of UK businesses employ fewer than 10 people. https://www.merchantsavvy.co.uk/uk-sme-data-stats-charts/
[9] https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-creative-industries-break-the-100-billion-barrier
[10] Hesmondhalgh, D. (2018) The Cultural Industries, Sage; Banks, M. (2017). Creative justice: Cultural industries, work and inequality. Pickering & Chatto Publishers
[11] https://www.ft.com/content/db2a28e2-c175-11e8-95b1-d36dfef1b89a&
[12] https://basicincome.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Aurelie_Hampel_et_al_Research_Paper_Agrarian_Basic_Income.pdf
[13] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/03/brexit-and-bad-weather-puts-uk-farmers-at-risk-of-suicide-say-charities
[14] https://www.ft.com/content/db2a28e2-c175-11e8-95b1-d36dfef1b89a&sa=D
[15] https://citizensincome.org/faqs/
[16] http://citizensincome.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Citizens-Basic-Income-FINAL_WEB.pdf
[17] https://basicincome.scot/wp-content/uploads/sites/75/2020/06/Draft-Final-CBI-Feasibility_Main-Report-June-2020.pdf
[18] https://www.compassonline.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/UniversalBasicIncomeByCompass-Spreads.pdf
[19] https://www.thersa.org/discover/publications-and-articles/rsa-blogs/2015/12/in-support-of-a-universal-basic-income--introducing-the-rsa-basic-income-model
[20] https://benefitsinthefuture.com/universal-credit-and-patterns-of-earning/
[21] https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthandlifeexpectancies/articles/unpaidcarersprovidesocialcareworth57billion/2017-07-10
[22] https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/satelliteaccounts/articles/changesinthevalueanddivisionofunpaidcareworkintheuk/2000to2015%23valuation-of-care
[23] http://www.bignam.org/BIG_pilot.html
[24] https://www.princeton.edu/~joha/publications/Haushofer_Shapiro_UCT_QJE_2016.pdf
[25] https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/129/2/697/1866610?redirectedFrom=fulltext
[26] https://stm.fi/en/article/-/asset_publisher/perustulokokeilun-tulokset-tyollisyysvaikutukset-vahaisia-toimeentulo-ja-psyykkinen-terveys-koettiin-paremmaksi?
[27] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Permanent_Fund, https://theneweconomyandthefutureofwork.wordpress.com/tag/cherokee-tribe/ and https://www.businessinsider.com/stockton-basic-income-trial-results-success-2019-10


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On January 2, 2001, Braun Industries, Inc. relocated to Vision Industrial Park in Van Wert, Ohio. Here, we built a 76,000 square foot manufacturing and corporate office facility. Shortly after on November 10, 2002, a tornado tore through the facility requiring the replacement of the entire roof and 80% of the exterior walls. The facility was repaired and in 2006 an additional 38,000 square feet of manufacturing space was added to enhance vehicle production capabilities.
Today, the Braun Industries headquarters continues to expand, and is now known as The Braun Campus. Located at 1170 Production Drive in Van Wert, Ohio, the Corporate Offices and Manufacturing Plant includes an impressive 105,000 square feet. Across the street, you will find our new Service Facility featuring 49,500 square feet.
In our Manufacturing Plant, you will find the only best equipment used to design and build your ambulance.
The build process of a custom ambulance from Braun Industries is truly unique. We do everything in-house in our state-of-the-art Manufacturing Plant and keep you engaged every step of the way. Watch our overview video to the right for a peak inside Braun Industries. If you have questions about our build process, please contact us. We'd be happy to speak with you!


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Riddhima Kapoor Sahani – Biography, Wiki, Personal Details, Age, Height
Ananya Mukherjee
Riddhima Kapoor is attached to the glamor world, but not directly. She has been the daughter of Rishi Kapoor and Neetu Kapoor and is the sister of Ranvir Kapoor.
So, she is from a family that is deeply in the glamor world. However, she has chosen her career as a fashion designer and especially in the jewellery workshops. Presently, Riddhima Kapoor is running a jewellery workshop, along with her mother in Mumbai and has been in the trend in designing jewellery, that is the trend of the recent Bollywood film industry.
Also read about, Mehjabi Siddiqui, Shilpa Shinde, Hiten Tejwani, Jyoti Kumari, Vikas Gupta.
Riddhima Kapoor
Although born to a family, that has always been in the glamor world, she always loved to be a designer and finally, she became such. She has been into the ramp for some of the top designers, at the start of her career, but soon came up as a jewellery designer and framed her career in that way.
Riddhima has been married to her childhood friend, Bharat Sahni in 2006 and now they are blessed with a daughter, Samara Sahni.
Relation with Bharat has been for quite some time before marriage. They were childhood friends, but the relation got deeper, five years before marriage. Now they are happily married with a daughter. Bharat looks after his own business and Riddhima takes care of the Jewellery design and fashion along with her mother, Neetu Kapoor.
Riddhima Kapoor Biography
Full Name: Riddhima Kapoor
DOB: September 15th, 1980
Occupation: Jewellery Designer
Spouse Name: Bharat Sahni
Daughter name: Samara Sahni
Father: Rishi Kapoor
Mother: Neetu Kapoor
Brother: Ranbir Kapoor
Celebrity Cousins: Karisma Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor
Brother and Family
Although belonging to the celebrity Kapoor family, Riddhima Kapoor has been brought up in a different way by her mother and now she is happily settled with her family and her job. She is not a star but surrounded by stars. His brother is really a fond of her, and they both have a deep and faithful bonding.
Riddhima Kapoor Sahani
She has the regret that she could not spare some quality time with her brother, before marriage, since busy in career and dating. Now both of them are quite close, and Ranveer remains always eager to assist her sister, although he is not having an interest in jewellery and designs.
Interview time
In some of the interviews that she has given, Riddhima Kapoor mentioned that her family contributed a lot in her career and in her life. Along with all these, she said that she can never consider her husband to be less supportive since he always backed up her for her career and for her personal life.
She thanked her mother for the perfect life lessons she has given, which has helped her to be settled in a decent way with her husband, kid, and career.
Riddhima Kapoor has never mentioned anywhere about her father but keeps a deep homage and respect to him. She has been a star kid to her parents. Although she went not in direct touch to the glamor world, she remained in the service of them. This is the biggest part she played in her life.
Riddhima Kapoor Age
Riddhima Kapoor Daughter
Riddhima Kapoor Education
Riddhima Kapoor Husband
Riddhima Kapoor Wiki

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Back in my hometown of St.Thomas, along the tracks every summer the kids and I would head out to collect wild black raspberries. It's one of the fun natural foraging berry hunting we would do together.
In coming up to Bancroft one of the first things I did as soon as the snow melted was to look for signs of wild raspberry canes. We have an abundance of them on the property. However I noticedthat some of the canes flowered and others didn't. So being the researcher that I am I found that the ones with the white flowers as shown above are actually wild Blackberries. I'm truly spoiled. Not only do I have wild black raspberries I have blackberries too! Oh the jam and pies I will be making this summer.
Not only are the good to eat they have many medicinal uses as well. Native Americans would use the root and the black raspberry leaves to relieve stomach problems. There has been over 30 books written with regards to the healing effects of black raspberries and they have been found to protect your DNA structure in order to stop cells from mutating and causing cancer. What a great little plant.
As for raspberries in general, I distinctly remember drinking at least a gallon of raspberry leaf tea to try to induce labour with my oldest boy. I was scheduled to go into the hospital to get induced (which I didn't want as I wanted to go naturally if possible) sand had read somewhere to drink raspberry leaf tea to stimulate the uterus. Well that night I went into labour naturally. Either it was just my time to give birth or it worked!


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NEBA to return to Westgate for Brockton Bicentennial Open Nov. 6-7
Rich	Tournaments, Videos	 January 26, 2021 1 Minute
2021 NEBA Kick-off Broadcast as presented by NEBA President Chris Viale
This is a long video. However, as Chris Viale stated in it Thursday, NEBA will return to Westgate Lanes on the weekend of Nov. 6 & 7 for the Brockton Bicentennial Open. After Westgate wasn't scheduled to host an event in 2020, it was my thought to try bring NEBA back for one of the Brockton bicentennial years (I'll address it in an addendum note below.). The pandemic brought an element of uncertainty, but our proposal came together late in NEBA's scheduling process and we are happy to have been added.
We'd originally hoped for a July date that would lead into our Hall of Fame Weekend and Mid-Summer Celebration, but the November weekend we are scheduled for also works for us, as it leads into Veterans Day, which is also important to our Bicentennial Committee. For more information about our plans for the weekend, you may follow the Downtown Brockton Museum page on Facebook, but I will also try to share any pertinent details on this website's page, as Bill Hogan, the museum's president, tends to like to use groups on Facebook for everything more than pages.
We look forward to having the best in my sport in New England return to my hometown this fall.
Addendum note: The City of Brockton's official seal notes that it became "A Town" in 1821, and Brockton was then known as North Bridgewater. The Downtown Brockton Museum's reasoning behind having a bicentennial celebration now is that many people alive now will not be alive in 2081, which will be when the bicentennial of the city's incorporation will be celebrated, and so may not get a chance to experience a celebration of this scope.
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The franchise fee for each brand is USD10,000.
The above fee includes a complete education and training course for about 3-4 days.
If on-site training is required, additional accommodation cost, flight ticket fare and instructor fee (the instructor fee is USD100 per day) are to be borne by the franchisee.
Franchisee may purchase equipment and appliances locally or from the Company.
Franchisee may decorate or refurnish the stores at his/her own discretion. If store design and construction drawings are required from the Company, additional USD3,000 shall be charged.
The Company will directly export key raw materials from Taiwan to the franchisee's business place. For the remaining raw materials, guidance will be provided to the franchisee to source locally.
Regional agency: An agency fee of USD50,000 for a city with a population under one million.


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Home / Tag Archives: clashes
Tag Archives: clashes
Dozens hospitalized amid clashes in Armenia (VIDEO)
Dozens were hurt during clashes on Friday night in Armenia's capital, Yerevan, where a coalition of opposition parties held street protests, demanding the authorities take a tougher stance against the country's neighbor, Azerbaijan. Police said 50 people were hospitalized, including 34 officers, and 11 were detained. They said officers were …
Clashes erupt during journalist's funeral in Jerusalem (VIDEOS)
Clashes erupted in Jerusalem on Friday during the funeral of Shireen Abu Akleh, a veteran Palestinian journalist who had worked with Al Jazeera for more than two decades. The reporter was killed earlier this week under unclear circumstances during an Israeli military raid in the West Bank. Israeli police blamed …
Clashes erupt after Indian civilians killed in botched security raid
Tensions have been running high in the Mon district of India's northeastern Nagaland state after security forces conducted an "anti-insurgency" raid in the area, mistaking civilians for armed militia. The Indian Army said the operation it undertook late on Saturday had been carried out "based on credible intelligence." It had …
Two dead as French military clashes with protesters in Africa
The French military convoy, redeploying from Ivory Coast to Mali, ran into fresh protests on Saturday. Shortly after crossing into Niger from neighboring Burkina Faso, it got blocked by angry locals less than 30 km (19 miles) from the border. Footage from the scene circulating online shows a crowd of …
Ted Cruz clashes with Homeland Security chief over 'Biden cages'
"How many children have been in the Biden cages in calendar year 2021?" Cruz asked Mayorkas on Tuesday in a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing. Mayorkas rejected the term "cages," but Cruz continued: "Fine, you can disagree with it. How many children have been in the Biden cages? I've been to …
Clashes, arrests as hundreds protest against Covid mandates in Leipzig (PHOTOS, VIDEO)
A large police force was deployed to Leipzig where a total of 12 protests were scheduled to take place. Armored police vehicles were seen on the city's streets. More than 1,000 people gathered in the city center near the Leipzig Opera to voice their discontent with the measures taken by …
Dozens injured outside Baghdad's Green Zone as clashes erupt over Iraq election results (VIDEOS)
Videos published on social media showed protesters alleging fraud in the recent parliamentary elections pelting the security forces with rocks.Officers wearing riot gear and armed with shields responded with tear gas, according to local media reports. A crowd of some 300 protesters reportedly attempted to break into the heavily fortified …
Violent clashes erupt as Mexico's National Guard confronts US-bound migrants (VIDEOS)
The Mexican National Guard was deployed to Chiapas in recent days to halt a migrant caravan that set off on foot last month from the country's southern border with Guatemala. Around 3,000 people are currently moving north to Mexico City in the hope of eventually reaching the US border. Videos …
WATCH: Tear gas & clashes in Paris as thousands protest over Covid-19 health passes for 9th consecutive weekend
Four large-scale demonstrations were scheduled in Paris for Saturday. Crowds of people marched through the streets in various parts of the city, surrounded by tight cordons of police officers wearing riot gear. The protesters were waving French national flags and holding placards that read: 'health is not a business'. Some …
Taliban clashes with women protesters during rally for equal rights near presidential palace in Kabul (VIDEOS)
Organizers and activists told local media that the militants blocked them from marching to the Afghan presidential palace and dispersed the rally using tear gas and batons. They said several women were detained and at least one protester was injured when a Taliban member hit her on the head. Videos …


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Home | Faculty of Arts & Humanities | History | Modules | Level 7 modules available in 2019/20
Level 7 modules available in 2019/20
Please see below for a list of level 7 modules planned to be available in 2019-20. New and returning postgraduate students will make their module choices in September 2019. N.B. This is a preliminary list and may be subject to change due to student numbers.
When choosing your modules, please refer to your programme specifications for any core/compulsory modules in your programme of study. These can be found in the 'Programmes' section of the student handbook .
Module list 2019/20
All level 7 modules are available to MA students across programmes, inter-departmentally, intercollegiately and to postgraduate study abroad students, dependent on space being available.
Modules available in 2019/20 are listed below under the following programme headings (* indicates compulsory modules):
MA Medieval History
Level 7 modules (semester I and II)
7AAH1001 Dissertation (Medieval)*
7AAH1002 Materials & Methods*
7AAH1003 Latin for Graduates OR 7AAH1020 Latin For Graduates (Intermediate)*
7AAH1021 Skills For Medievalists: Palaeography I*
7AAH1022 Medieval Latin Literature
Level 7 modules (semester I)
7AAH1008 Official and Unofficial Religion
7AAH1009 The History of Medieval Women: Image and Reality
Level 7 modules (semester II)
7AAH1007 Magna Carta & Medieval Monarchy
7AAH1018 The History of Script in Britain, 600-110
7AACM701 One God, One Sea: Byzantium & Islam, 600-800
MA students are permitted to take up to 40 credits of optional modules from outside of their programme. These modules can be from any MA programme within the department, from any department of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities at King's, and from other institutions part of the University of London. Please note that spaces on these modules are subject to the approval of your programme convenor and are subject to availability.
MA Early Modern History
7AAH2001 Dissertation (Early Modern)*
7AAH2002 Approaches to Early Modern History*
7AAH1003 Latin for Graduates
7AAH0002 Advanced Skills For Historians (Early Modern)*
7AAH2006 The Body and Society in Early Modern Europe
7AAH2022 Liberty, Reason, and The State: British Moral and Political Thought in Early-Modernity
7AAH2005 Ritual in Early Modern Society
7AAH2012 European Expansion: Ethnic Prejudices and Civil rights, 1500-1850
7AAH2021 MA History Internship
7AAH2023 Divided by Faith? The Age of Religious Violence in Early Modern Europe
MA Modern History
7AAH3001 Dissertation (Modern)*
7AAH0001 Advanced Skills For Historians (Modern, Contemporary & World)*
7AAH3019 The Peculiarities of German History, c.1871-1949
7AAH3020 Patriotism and National Identities in Britian, 1870-1914
7AAH3025 Gender and British Society, 1900-1945
7AAH5003 The British Empire - module full
7AAH8007 Science, War and the Nation: Britain 1900-2000
7AAH3002 Historical Methods*
7AAH3012 Empire, Nation & Modernity in Eastern Europe, 1914-1948
7AAH3013 Britain and the World Economy, c.1850-1914
7AAH3015 The Making of Muslims in EuropeL Empire, Immigration and Citizenship
7AAH4010 Britain and Decolonisation - module full
7AAH8009 Ways of Knowing: Understanding the History of Science, Technology and Medicine
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MA Contemporary British History
7AAH1201 Dissertation (Contemporary British History)*
7SSWM005 The Entente at War - this module is run by the Department of War Studies and spaces are subject to availability
7SSWM006 Diplomacy, Intelligence & Armaments Competition - this module is run by the Department of War Studies and spaces are subject to availability
7SSWM090 Modern War & Liberal Conscience - this module is run by the Department of War Studies and spaces are subject to availability
7SSWM109 Navies and Sea Power, 1793-2000 - this module is run by the Department of War Studies and spaces are subject to availability
7SSWM185 Imperialism and War - this module is run by the Department of War Studies and spaces are subject to availability
7AAH1202 Britain since 1900: Politics, Society, Economy, Culture, International Relations 1900-45*
7AAH3020 Patriotism and National Identities in Britain, 1870-1914
7SSPP054 London: History and Governance - this module is run by the Department of Political Economy and spaces are subject to availability
7AAH1203 Britain Since 1945: Politics, Society, Economy, Culture, International Relations*
7AAH5006 British Settler Societies: Colonies, Dominions and Nations since 1800
7SSPP226 Election Campaigning, Public Opinion and Politics in Britain 1945-2010 - this module is run by the Department of Political Economy and spaces are subject to availability
7SSPP211 Parties, Voters and Political Culture in Britain, 1945-2000 - this module is run by the Department of Political Economy and spaces are subject to availability
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7AAH5001 Dissertation (World)*
7AAH5017 On Contradictions: Histories of the Early People's Republic of China
7AAH5018 Debates in Modern Latin American History
7AAH5020 The Power of Naajia: Culture and Politics in Postcolonial Nigeria
7AAH5002 Transnational History*
7AAH3015 The Making of Muslims in Europe: Empire, Immigration and Citizenship
7AAH5012 Harlem: From 'Black Metropolis' to Gentrification
7AAH5019 A Global History of US Evangelicalism
MA students are permitted to take up to 40 credits of optional modules from outside of their programme. These modules can be from any MA programme within the department, from any department of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities at King's, and from other institutions part of the University of London. Please note that spaces on these modules are subject to the approval of your module convenor and are subject to availability.
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New records of gelatinous zooplankton from an oceanic island in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Artículo principal (287.6Kb)
Corrales Ugalde, Marco
Quesada, Andrés J.
Naranjo Elizondo, Beatriz
Cortés Núñez, Jorge
Gelatinous zooplankton are an abundant and diverse group of animals in the pelagic environment. However, knowledge of species diversity and spatial distributions, as well as their ecological role, is scarce. We present information of epi- and mesopelagic gelatinous zooplankton recorded by the 'DeepSee' submersible between 2006 and 2012 at Isla del Coco (Cocos Island), Costa Rica, an oceanic island in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Two species of scyphomedusae, three species of hydromedusae, two genera of siphonophores, and two species of ctenophores were observed in the videos, at depths between 50 and 400 m. None of these species had been previously recorded in the waters around the island. Furthermore, except for the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca and a siphonophore in the genus Praya, all are new records for Costa Rican waters. This study also includes the first record of the cnidarians Modeeria rotunda, Solmissus sp., Halitrephes maasi and Apolemia spp., and the ctenophore Thalassocalyce inconstans in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. We show that surveys in regions with little information about gelatinous zooplankton may broaden our knowledge of their natural history and may result in new records of gelatinous species.
External link to the item
Oceanografía y áreas costeras [96]


This is a group for anyone interested in OpenStack, Open Source, Cloud Computing, Visualization, etc. All skills levels are welcome. I started this group to meet other OpenStack enthusiasts. Looking forward to exploring the cloud computing world with everybody.


Leave the yard work, house work, work-work behind. Get in a trailer for a week or a weekend and unwind, relax, reconnect and recharge.
Our trailers offer spacious floor plans with a master bedroom and a separate room for the kids. Cook up something amazing or simple in the kitchen, eat as a family at the dinette or relax on the sofa. You have a convenient bathroom so there are no late night trips to a public facility. Most important our campers are "bare foot clean". We want you to be as comfortable in your temporary vacation home as you are at home. It's your home, just in the woods, beach, in-laws – fill in the blank.
If you already know how to have fun, then what are you waiting for? Get started and book now. If you're like the rest of us and busy life has made your family strangers in your own home, then stop the madness. Regain your life, hug your family, unplug (sort of) and have fun again. Go camping in a travel trailer. Focus on what's important, slow down, reconnect and laugh. Grill some burgers, make s'mores, play Uno. Laugh.
Whether its movie night, s'mores night, breakfast scones, cool t-shirts or trucker hats, we've got you covered. Life's stressful enough and taking a trailer to the beach should be fun. Let us help with comfort packages to get ready for your trip or wear some cool swag shamelessly promoting Happy Campers.


Unilever has signed an agreement to acquire the Fluocaril and Parogencyl oral care brands from Procter & Gamble. The deal is expcted to close in Q2. Terms were not disclosed.
Fluocaril and Parogencyl are well-known therapeutics brands sold in the pharmacy channel, primarily in France and Spain. Fluocaril specializes anti-cavities products; Parogencyl tackles gum issues.
The acquisition will give Unilever a leading position in oral care within the French pharmacy channel as well as strong positions in Spain. With its powerful brand heritage, high awareness and sound reputation amongst dentists, these brands are a great complement to Unilever's existing oral care portfolio.


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Communication and Social Change (2)
Critical/Cultural Studies (6)
Health and Risk Communication (2)
Intergroup Communication (1)
Journalism Studies (1)
Language and Social Interaction (1)
Rhetorical Theory (1)
Keywords: subjectivity x
Discursive Approaches to Race and Racism
Kevin A. Whitehead
In the wake of what has been called the "discursive turn" or "linguistic turn" in the social sciences, research at the intersection of language and communication and race and racism shifted from being largely dominated by quantitative and experimental methods to include qualitative and particularly discursive approaches. While the term "discursive" potentially encompasses a wide range of modes of discourse analysis, discursive approaches share a focus on language use as social action, and as a constitutive feature of actions, events, and situations, rather than as merely a passive means of describing or transmitting information about them. When applied to the study of race and racism, such approaches have examined ways in which language functions to construct, maintain, and legitimate as well as subvert or resist racial and/or racist ideologies and social structures. Research in these areas has made use of a range of empirical materials, including "elite" texts and talk (media texts, parliamentary debates, academic texts, etc.), individual interviews, focus groups and group discussions, "naturally occurring" talk-in-interaction from conversational and institutional settings, and text-based online interactions. Although these different data types should not be seen as strictly mutually exclusive, each of them serves to foreground particular features of racial or racist discourse(s), thus facilitating or constraining particular sorts of discourse analytic findings. Thus, different data sources respectively tend to foreground ideological features of racial discourse(s) and their intersection with power and domination, including examination of "new" racisms and the production and management of accusations and denials of racism; discursive processes involved in the construction and uses of racial subjectivities and identities; interactional processes through which prejudice and racism are constructed and contested; and the everyday interactional reproduction of systems of racial categories, independently of whether the talk in which they occur can or should be considered "racist."
Alain Badiou's New Constructivism and Universalism
Antonio Calcagno
French philosopher Alain Badiou (b. 1937) is one of the more important European thinkers to emerge after May 1968. His work may be read as a response to the structuralism, post-structuralism, existentialism, and postmodern thought characteristic of post-World War II French theory. Through the use of set theory, he argues that our understanding of reality is largely determined by major, world shifting events in politics, mathematics/science, aesthetics/poetry, and love. A Maoist, he maintains that true changes in human reality require decisive interventions that create a new sense of temporality, subjectivity, and order. Events radically change the order of an existing world and create new worlds. For example, the Russian or French revolutions brought an end to absolutist monarchies and the rule that were specific to them. A new order and form of political power were introduced by the ascendant regimes. The sense of who and what human beings living under such regimes were changed from that of subject to citizen. The idea of subjects being absolutely ruled and determined by divine monarchs only responsible to God and themselves would no longer be possible as a legitimate form of political rule. The contents and relations constitutive of a world come to be structured by the event, though the worlds regimented by an event are never identical to the event itself. The event always lies outside, though it conditions, the sets of relations and contents that express it. His work is often read in conjunction with and in opposition to the philosopher Jacques Rancière. Both thinkers form part of what is seen as the new constructivism and universalism.
Space in Critical Communication Studies
Donovan Conley
Few concerns in critical-cultural approaches to communication intersect with as many adjacent fields of inquiry as does "space." To talk about space is to share a conversation with philosophers (Henri Lefebvre, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Edward Casey, Bruno Latour, Manuel DeLanda), critical geographers (Derek Gregory, David Harvey, Edward Soja, Doreen Massey), historians (Fernand Braudel, Michel de Certeau), sociologists (Pierre Bourdieu, Lewis Mumford, Jane Jacobs), literary and cultural theorists (Fredric Jameson, Meaghan Morris, Tony Bennett, Lawrence Grossberg, Timothy Morton), media ecologists (Harold Innis, Marshall McLuhan, Walter Ong, James Carey), political theorists (Jane Bennett, Nigel Thrift), and rhetoricians (Carole Blair, Greg Dickinson, Joan Faber McAlister, Jenny Rice, Nathaniel Rivers, Thomas Rickert). To talk about space is thus to talk with a plenitude of others about a plenitude of social practices, landscapes, mediums, objects, and configurations, but at bottom a concern with space is a concern with the kinds and qualities of relations between and among bodies and things. To be concerned with space is to be invested in the emergent scenery of arrangement, how groupings of bodies come to assume particular shapes and orderings and not others. The "how" question, in turn, is the question of communication as it leads to issues of influence and pressure: of the historical processes that shape our habits and modes of persuasion and constellations of power. Communication and space converge where the "how" of influence meets the "where" of historical emergence. While we have always lived and acted in importantly spatial ways, however, the critical-spatial consciousness that pervades the humanities today is itself a recent historical emergence.
Michel Foucault and Communication Studies
Catherine Chaput
Michel Foucault, who was born in 1926 into an upper-middle-class family, came of age in post-World War II Paris, studied with Louis Althusser, and rose to intellectual prominence in the 1970s, died on June 25, 1984. The near celebrity status that he acquired during his lifetime has multiplied since his death as the Foucault of disciplinary power has been supplemented with the Foucault of neoliberalism, biopolitics, aesthetics of the self, and the ontology of the present. These different forms of Foucauldian analysis are often grouped into three phases of scholarship that include the archeological, the genealogical, and the ethical. The first period, produced throughout the 1960s, focuses on the relationship between discourse and knowledge; the second period, developed throughout the 1970s, zeroes in on diverse structures of historically evolving power relations; and, the Foucault that emerged in the 1980s explores technologies of the self or the work of the self on the self. This well-recognized periodization highlights the triangulated structure of associations among knowledge, power, and subjectivity that animated his work. Because a number of decentered relations, something he called governmentality, are woven through everyday experience, Foucault questioned the assumption that communication takes place between autonomous, self-aware individuals who use language to negotiate and organize community formation and argued instead that this web of discourse practices and power relations produces subjects differentially suited to the contingencies of particular historical epochs. Although a critical consensus has endorsed this three-part taxonomy of Foucault's scholarship, the interpretation of these periods varies. Some view them through a linear progression in which the failures of one moment lay the groundwork for the superseding moment: his discursive emphasis in the archeological phase gave way to his emphasis on power in the genealogical phase which, in turn, gave way to his focus on subjectivity in the ethical phase. Others, such as Jeffrey Nealon, understand the shifts as "intensifications" (p. 5) wherein each phase tightens his theoretical grip, triangulating knowledge, power, and subjectivity ever more densely. Still others suggest that the technologies of the self that undergird Foucault's ethical period displace the leftist orientation of his early work with a latent conservatism. Regardless of where one lands on this debate, Foucault's three intellectual phases cohere around an ongoing analysis of the relationships among knowledge, power, and subjectivity—associations at the heart of communication studies. Focused on how different subjects experience the established "regime of truth," Foucault's historical investigations, while obviously diverse, maintain a similar methodology, one he labeled the history of thought and contrasted with the history of ideas. As he conceives it, the history of ideas attempts to determine the origin and evolution of a particular concept through an uninterrupted teleology. He distinguishes his method, the history of thought, through its focus on historical problematization. This approach explores "the way institutions, practices, habits, and behavior become a problem for people who have certain types of habits, who engage in certain kinds of practices, and who put to work specific kinds of institutions." In short, he studies how people and society deal with a phenomenon that has become a problem for them. This approach transforms the narrative of human progress into a history broken by concrete political, economic, and cultural problems whose resolution requires reconstituting the prevailing knowledge–power–subject dynamics. Put differently, Foucault illuminates historical breaks and the shifts required for their repair. Whereas the history of ideas erases the discontinuity among events, he highlights those differences and studies the process by which they dissolve within a singular historical narrative. Glossing his entire oeuvre, he suggests that his method can address myriad concerns, including "for example, about madness, about crime, about sex, about themselves, or about truth." An overarching approach that intervenes into dominant narratives in order to demonstrate their silencing effects, the history of thought undergirds all three of Foucault's externally imposed periods. Each period explores knowledge, power, and subjectivity while stressing one nodal point of the relationship: archeology stresses knowledge formation; genealogy emphasizes power formation; and the ethical period highlights subject formation. This strikingly original critical approach has left its mark on a wide range of theorists, including such notable thinkers as Gilles Deleuze, Giorgio Agamben, Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri, Donna Haraway, and Judith Butler, and has influenced critical communication scholars such as Raymie McKerrow, Ronald Greene, Kendell Phillips, Jeremy Packer, and Laurie Ouellete.
Journalistic Writing and Style
Maarit Jaakkola
The core of the journalistic style is the newswriting style. Writing news leans upon the objectivity paradigm that has triggered wide academic debate about the biases in defining journalism. The majority of the scholarship regarding the journalistic style and writing gathers around newspapers and news; however, many traditions of writing transgress the traditional newswriting tradition and are supported by literary and cultural production, and the boundaries are becoming increasingly porous. The history of journalistic styles is closely connected to different genres: genres of journalism, such as news journalism and literary journalism, and textual genres, such as feature, column, and essay. Furthermore, style is a contextual term that emerges as a result of a variety of different choices, can be examined at different levels ranging from words to structures of production, and has to be studied in connection with other factors influencing the communication process such as medium, content, form, genre, discourses, and audience. It may thus be hard to separate the way of knowing from the way of presenting knowledge, "the way of using language" as style typically is defined. Indeed, journalism research is characterized by very diverse conceptualizations and operationalizations of style with regard to journalism. Relevant research is typically located in the intersection of language and journalism, literature and journalism, and the socially constructed reality and journalism, drawing on the different subareas of linguistics, literary theory and criticism, sociology, and interdisciplinary approaches. During the history of journalism studies, the scholarly inquiry has made struggles for symbolic power and alternative ways of knowing and presenting visible. The notions of the journalistic style in newspapers, magazines, and online have become more diverse.
Homi Bhabha and Communication Studies
J. Daniel Elam
Homi Bhabha (b. 1949) is among the founding generation of scholars of "postcolonial theory" as it emerged in the U.S. and U.K. academies in the 1980s and 1990s, and is currently the Anne F. Rothenberg Professor of English and American Literature and Language. Bhabha's intellectual emergence coincided with the emergence of "postcolonial theory" in the 1980s and 1990s. Bhabha's particular contribution to postcolonial critique is unique in successfully combining the fields of post-structuralism, history, and psychoanalysis, and in relationship to the texts and histories of British rule in South Asia. Bhabha is best situated within an often-overshadowed strain of postcolonial theory committed to the recovery of universality rather than the demand for particularity, a lineage that includes Frantz Fanon and Edward Said. Bhabha's key concepts and terms, especially "ambivalence" and "hybridity," have been taken up across many fields under the rubrics of postcolonial and/or diasporic intervention. Bhabha's writing and theoretical arguments are based primarily in perpetual negotiation, in opposition to negation. Understanding this key intervention makes it possible to grasp the full scale of Bhabha's driving concerns, theoretical conceptions, and political commitments.
Critical Cultural Approaches to Gender and Sex
Claire Sisco King
Within the field of communication studies, critical cultural scholarship examines the interarticulation of power and culture. Drawing from critical theory and cultural studies, this research offers analysis of texts, artifacts, practices, and institutions in order to understand their potential to promote or preempt equality and social justice. Critical theory, which has Marxist origins, uses theory as a basis for critiquing and challenging systems of domination or oppression. The field of cultural studies focuses on social formations with a particular emphasis on media texts and the reception practices of audiences. Both critical theory and cultural studies emphasize the important interrelationship between ideology, or structures of belief, and the material conditions in which people live. Critical cultural research examines discourse and representation, including language and visual culture, as well as social relations, institutional structures, material practices, economic forces, and various forms of embodiment. Central to critical cultural scholarship is attention to the construction, regulation, and contestation of categories of identity, including race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, ability, and class. A significant branch of critical cultural studies examines how ideas about gender and sex develop and circulate, asking how and why some constructions of gender and sex become normative and gain hegemony—or, cultural privilege—in a particular context. For example, such scholarship might critique the idealization of certain performances of masculinity and the attendant devaluation of femininity or other subordinated masculinities; or, this research might consider how particular iterations of masculinity or femininity may be counter-hegemonic, operating in opposition to prevailing ideologies of gender and sex. Critical cultural approaches also emphasize the intersectionality of gender and sex with other categories of identity. For instance, ideas about masculinity or femininity can rarely be separated from assumptions about race and/or sexuality; as such, prevailing ideologies of gender and sex often reflect the presumed normativity of whiteness and heterosexuality.
Lifespan and Developmental Considerations in Health and Risk Message Design
Jon F. Nussbaum and Amber K. Worthington
Health and risk message design theories do not currently incorporate a lifespan view of communication. The lifespan communication perspective can therefore advance theorizing in this area by considering how the fundamental developmental differences that exist within and around individuals of different ages impact the effectiveness of persuasive message strategies. Designing health messages for older adults therefore requires an examination of how theoretical frameworks used in health and risk message design can be adapted to be age sensitive and to effectively target older adults. Additionally, older adults often make health decisions in conjunction with informal caregivers, including their adult children or spouses, and/or formal caregivers. Message design scholars should thus also consider this interdependent influence on health behaviors in older adults. Strategic messages targeting these caregivers can appeal to, for example, a caregiver's perception of responsibility to care for the older adult. These messages can also be designed to not only promote the older adults' health but also to alleviate caregiver stress and burden. Importantly, there is an unfounded stereotype that all older adults are alike, and message designers should consider the most beneficial segments of the older adult audience to target.
Statistical Evidence in Health and Risk Messaging
Persuasive messages use statistical evidence in order to convince an audience to accept a conclusion. Statistical evidence represents a compilation of experiences structured and collected in a manner that permits expression in mathematical form. Research demonstrates that the use of statistical evidence increases the persuasiveness of a message, and a message that uses both statistical and narrative evidence generates the greatest persuasiveness. Statistical evidence can take the form of summarizing the collective opinion of experts on a topic or an expression of the collective set of experiences. The challenge becomes gaining acceptance of statistical expressions of experience versus what is perceived as the narrative or lived experience of the single person. Statistical evidence is often presented using a mathematical expression to indicate the size or force of the evidence. The accumulation of statistical evidence often involves the use of meta-analysis to reduce Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) error. The use of evidence is strategic and can target specific elements of belief by understanding the structure of beliefs and the connectivity among elements. The use of the Subjective Probability Model provides a means to capitalize on the use of evidence by changing probabilities in beliefs to increase the effectiveness of a message campaign. Statistical evidence, however, may be ineffective under circumstances referred to as the "base-rate fallacy." The base-rate fallacy occurs when the presentation of statistical information is accepted, but examples are used that contradict the base-rate. The impact of the use of the example is to create a shift in the belief in the typicality of the example, despite knowledge of the base-rate. Fear appeals provide a particularly useful and important application of statistical evidence in the pursuit of public health campaigns. The tenets of the Extended Parallel Processing Model indicate that message effectiveness relies on a combination of: (a) perceived severity of the threat, (b) perceived vulnerability to the threat, (c) perceived efficacy of the solution, and (d) perceived personal efficacy of the solution. Each element is largely impacted by the application and use of statistical information to make claims. The use of statistics generally outlines the argument and supports the conclusion offered in support of a conclusion offered to the message recipient. Statistical evidence when used in a message often offers data or information that becomes the justification for a conclusion. A large part of a message becomes gaining acceptance of information by an audience, then explaining (reasoning) to the audience how those facts support a conclusion, often involving some type of recommendation for behavior. Understanding statistical evidence requires understanding how the material functions within the context of the belief system of the individual.


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AWARDS + PRESS
composer | producer | musician
"Palms are perfect, just perfect. 5/5" --Terrorizer Magazine
"For post-rock fans, the news that three-fifths of Isis collided with Deftones vocalist Chino Moreno to form Palms couldn't have been any more thrilling or the end product any more anticipated. Thankfully, the group's self-titled debut delivers." --Alternative Press
"Luxurious production." --Pitchfork (for Palms' debut)
"Palms is the slow-orbiting-rocket float of Oceanic-era Isis painted in soft colors, now with the gushing, soaring melodies." --Spin
"Palms is enchanting, mesmerizing and brilliantly constructed...the pure beauty captured by Moreno, Caxide, Harris and Meyer is absolutely stunning."--Loudwire
"Palms pulled it off with grace and power, bowling over the audience with sheets of sound. 'Mission Sunset' was downright breathtaking." --Spin (for Palms' live show)
"Harris doesn't take it lying down, drawing menace and beauty in equal parts from his kit." --Pitchfork (for Isis' "Wavering Radiant")
"[Aaron Harris'] ability to shuffle rhythms, patterns, and phrases at any given moment ensures he's an incredibly intriguing listen, even when the tracks aren't clocking in at radio-friendly lengths." --Modern Drummer Magazine
"['In The Absence Of Truth'] is, sticks down, one of the year's best discs, with over an hour of sophisticated, instrument- dense tunes that combine heavy guitars, trance atmospherics, clean and death-growl vocals, and tricky time signatures -- all expertly born on the muscular back of Harris." --DRUM! magazine
"Harris succeeds in spades." --Spin (for remix of The Jezabels' "Psychothearpy")
"The heavy, sludge bass line combined with overtones of angelic harmonies sounds like the vibrant oranges and milky blue swirls of a supernova." --Noisey (for remix of Puscifer's "The Weaver" )
"Isis have been regarded as one of the most critically beloved acts in metal." --Loudwire.com
#1 on Billboard Top Alternative Albums
#13 on Billboard Top Indie Charts
#17 on Billboard Top Rock Charts
#53 on Billboard Top 200
#17 on SPIN.com's "20 Best Metal Albums of 2013."
#4 on Noisecreep.com's "Top Rock + Metal Albums of 2013."
-Rolling Stone Magazine "The 100 Greatest Metal Albums Of All Time"
-Revolver magazine #12 of "The 50 Heaviest Bands Ever"
-Revolver Golden God Awards 2009 "Best Underground Metal Band"
-LA Weekly Music Awards 2005 "Best Hard Rock/Metal Band"
-Billboard #6 on "Top Heatseekers chart" 2006
-Billboard #47 "Top Independent Albums charts" 2004
-Billboard #20 "Top Independent Albums" chart 2006
-Billboard #98 "Billboard 200" chart 2009
-Decibel magazine #4 (Oceanic), #33 (Panopticon), and #53 (Celestial) in "The Top 100 Greatest Metal Albums Of The Decade"
-BBC Radio 1 #17 "Top 40 Rock Album" charts 2009
Isis "Oceanic"
-Terrorizer magazine "Album of the year, 2002 writers poll"
-Terrorizer magazine "Album of the month"
-Terrorizer 9.5/ 10 rating
-Rock Sound magazine #1 "Top 50 albums of 2002"
-Rock Sound magazine "Album of the month"
-Rock Sound magazine 4.5/ 5 rating
-Pitchfork.com 8.5/ 10 rating
-Allmusic 4.5/ 5 rating
-Blender 4/ 5 rating
-Decibel magazine #4 "Top 100 Albums of the Decade" (special issue).
-Kerrang! magazine "KKKK" rating
-NME magazine "7" of 10 rating
Isis "Panopticon"
-Rock Sound magazine "Album Of The Year"
-Decibel magazine #33 "Top 100 Albums of the Decade" (special issue).
-Kerrang magazine 5/ 5 rating
-Rolling Stone Charts "#5 top selling album for the week ending December 5th, 2004, at Home of the Hits, Buffalo, NY"
-Decibel magazine 9/ 10 rating
-Pitchfork Media 8.4/ 10 rating
-Rock Sound magazine 10/ 10 rating
-Tiny Mix Tapes 4/ 5 rating
-Drowned in Sound 10/ 10 rating
Isis "In The Absence Of Truth"
-Decibel magazine #13 of "Top Albums of 2006"
-Alternative press 4/ 5 rating
-Drowned In Sound 8/ 10 rating
-Scene Point Blank 8.5/ 10 rating
Isis "Wavering Radiant"
-Allmusic 4/ 5 rating
-The Guardian 4/ 5 rating
-PopMatters 8/ 10 rating


PARTNER NEWS: Digital security giant Gemalto is supplying Russian mobile network operators MegaFon and VimpelCom with UpTeq Multi-Tenant NFC SIMs that allow the carriers' subscribers to board metro trains, trams and buses across Moscow using their NFC phones and the Troika transport card mobile app.
"The cards can also support functions such as mobile NFC payments and provide a ready-made platform for the introduction of additional contactless services," Gemalto adds.
The mobile ticketing service went live in September 2015.
AMSTERDAM, Jan 21, 2016 – (ACN Newswire) – Gemalto (Euronext NL0000400653 GTO), the world leader in digital security, is supplying MegaFon and VimpelCom, the leading Russian mobile network operators with a combined base of 180 millions of subscribers, with UpTeq Multi-Tenant NFC SIMs*. These cards enable subscribers to enjoy the benefits of Moscow's new mobile ticketing program and can be used with NFC smartphones. With the 'Troika' transport card app downloaded it allows travelers to board metro trains, trams and buses across the Russian capital with simply a tap of the handset on a contactless reader.
MegaFon and VimpelCom are supplying UpTeq Multi-Tenant NFC SIM to their subscribers free of charge. Tickets can be purchased directly via the Troika app, with payment debited automatically from the user's regular phone bill. Travelers no longer need to queue up to buy a printed ticket. Moscow's mobile ticketing scheme was launched in September 2015 and this swift and seamless cash-free ticketing method is expected to have high uptake among the 7 million daily passengers over the next few years. Gemalto's UpTeq Multi-Tenant SIM is the proven solution chosen by 12 out of 13 countries that offer mobile NFC ticketing services to their commuters. The cards can also support functions such as mobile NFC payments and provide a ready-made platform for the introduction of additional contactless services.
 MegaLabs is a wholly owned subsidiary of OJSC "MegaFon" and their center of innovative design and prompt launch of value-added services.


Foster Wheeler and Starchem have agreed a licensing agreement to commercialize a low cost methanol production technology.
Natural gas is increasingly vital as a global hydrocarbon resource, with 65 years of reserves based on current consumption. World reserves of natural gas are estimated at 5000 trillion cubic feet (TCF), but with 3000 TCF of this categorized as remote or stranded gas. The cost of using these stranded gas fields makes them uncompetitive. Because methanol is cheap to transport and easy to use, it has been considered as an alternative to LNG as a means of transporting gas from remote fields. However, conventional technologies are not able to produce methanol economically enough for this, so a cheap means of converting natural gas to methanol could enable these remote fields to become economically viable.
Starchem Inc has developed technology which allows 9000 tons/day of methanol to be produced economically for 20 years from a remote gas field containing at least 2.2 TCF, of which there are 200 such fields known.
Fuel grade methanol offers many advantages compared with LNG, particularly where there is no existing LNG infrastructure. Methanol can be transported using conventional tankers, without the substantial capital cost of special tankers and regasification installations at the user's end normally associated with an LNG system. Methanol is a clean fuel without sulphur or nitrogenous components, and can be burnt in a conventional combined cycle plant without emission reduction systems.
The Starchem methanol production process uses commercially proven processes arranged to deliver large capacity methanol production at substantially reduced capital cost. Well proven, high air extraction gas turbines from GE (see table) form a key part of the system.
Air drawn into suction of a gas turbine.
Much of the air is extracted from the gas turbine compressor through a booster compressor and into air enrichment membranes. The rest goes to the combustor or is used for internal component cooling.
Enriched air is produced by the membranes. These work because oxygen diffuses faster across the membrane than nitrogen. The major part of of the nitrogen and some residual oxygen remains in the main gas stream as depleted air.
Depleted air is heated against compressor discharge air, and returns to the gas turbine as secondary air to the combustor, forming a significant part of the mass flow through the turbine.
Enriched air is compressed, heated and fed to catalytic partial oxidation section.
Natural gas is heated, desulphurized, mixed with steam, heated further and fed to the catalytic partial oxidation reactor.
Synthesis gas is cooled, recovering useful heat, and is then compressed to a suitable pressure for methanol synthesis.
Methanol is synthesized in a cascade of reactors. The crude methanol passes to a methanol distillation section where it is stabilized and reduced to an economic water content for transport.
Purge gas from the methanol synthesis cascade is treated to recover hydrogen to recycle with the tail gas passing to the gas turbine as fuel.
The process employs, as a fundamental part of the plant, a GE gas turbine with a double duty: low cost source of power to operate the process; and low cost source of air for enrichment. Selection of the GE turbine is fundamental to the attractive economics and reliability of the process.
The process uses membranes rather than cryogenics to produce enriched air. This has the benefit of low cost, and an operability advantage as enriched air becomes available virtually instantaneously, in contrast to a cold box, requiring many hours.
Conventional methanol processes use a synthesis loop in which recycled synthesis gas and built up inerts are mixed with fresh gas prior to feeding to the reactor. Thus the reactor sees a highly diluted and not very reactive gas. In contract, the Starchem process has synthesis gas passing through a cascade of reactors. This provides several advantages: the first reactors in the cascade see reactive gas, with only the final reactor having conditions comparable to a reactor in a synthesis loop; managing composition and temperature profiles can minimize life cycle costs; and a combination of isothermal and adiabatic reactors can minimize costs.
Conventional methanol processes produce a hydrogen rich purge gas stream which, if no hydrogen consumer is available, can only be used as furnace fuel. The Starchem process starts with substoichiometric syngas, and can beneficially recycle all available hydrogen, leaving just enough residual tail gas to fuel the gas turbine, which is an integral part of the process. Both invested capital and operating costs are lower than conventional methanol production. Capital cost reduction is estimated at 25-40 per cent, with production costs reduced by up to $50/tonne from a typical cost of $100-110/tonne.


text:
Q: Custom Emoji's and Animated Emoji's not working [discord.py-rewrite] I recently built a simple command to test the format of custom emoji's and animated emoji's
Here is what the command was
@bot.command()
async def say(ctx, *, text):
await ctx.send("<:ono:521148278079881219> You said %s" % text)

But the output message didn't send the custom emoji, instead it messaged
:ono: You said hello(the text i messaged in chat)

Any help will be appreciated.

A: You can use Client.get_emoji to get the Emoji object, then use that to build your string
@bot.command()
async def say(ctx, *, text):
    ono = bot.get_emoji(521148278079881219)
    await ctx.send(f"{ono} You said {text}")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia Mod Apk
Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia is a free-to-play mobile game developed by Square Enix, famous for its Final Fantasy series. The game is based on the Dissidia series, a spinoff of the Final Fantasy franchise.
SQUARE ENIX Co.Version
1 Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia Guide: Tips and Tricks For Beginner Players
2 The gameplay of Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia
3 Features of Dissidia final fantasy opera Omnia mod apk
3.1 Unlimited Coins
3.2 Unlimited Crystals
3.3 Unlimited Skill Points
3.4 Customizable characters
3.5 Single-player mode
3.6 Multiplayer mode
4 Pros and cons of dissidia final fantasy opera omnia mod apk
5 How to download and install Dissidia final fantasy opera Omnia mod apk
7.1 What is the Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia Mod Apk?
7.2 Is this game free to play?
7.3 How much does it cost to play the game?
7.4 Are there any restrictions on playing the game?
7.5 Will there be a beta?
Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia Guide: Tips and Tricks For Beginner Players
Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia Mod Apk is an Action RPG that has been developed by Square Enix and published by Square Enix for Android and iOS devices.
The game is a reboot of the Dissidia Final Fantasy series and follows the story of the conflict between Cosmos and Chaos. Players will take control of multiple characters from different Final Fantasy games as they fight in turn-based combat against each other.
The game features over 30 playable characters from the franchise's history, including Final Fantasy VII's Cloud Strife, Final Fantasy XIII's Lightning, and Final Fantasy XV's Noctis Lucis Caelum.
Unlimited Gems & Gold!
Unlocked All Characters!
Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia MOD APK is a mobile game that Square Enix has released. The game is a fighting game where you can play as many characters from the Final Fantasy series. You can also customize these characters with different outfits and weapons, which will make them look unique.
There are several modes in this game that you can choose to play after downloading it on your Android device. These modes include the story mode, coliseum battles, arena battles, and more. The story mode lets you play through each character's story as they face off against each other to prove who is the strongest warrior in all of their world.
The coliseum battles let you fight against different enemies while getting as many points as possible by defeating them to unlock new items for your characters, such as weapons and accessories to wear during their fights against others. Arena battles let you fight against other players online to see who has the best skills for fighting others from around the world.
Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia is a role-playing game published by Square Enix for mobile devices. The game combines the characters from the Final Fantasy series, a tactical fighting game style with RPG elements and turn-based combat. Players will be able to control heroes from different eras and worlds of Final Fantasy in an all-out war against Chaos.
The story centers around three heroes who fight against Chaos. Garland, a former hero turned villain who wishes to return to his kingdom; Zidane, an adventurer who wants to save his friends; Lightning, a soldier who fights to stop an empire from destroying her world.
With its fantasy theme and characters from previous games in the series, Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia is similar in style to other titles like Brave Exvius or Mobius Final Fantasy. It's also part of the Dissidia series that started with Dissidia: Final Fantasy on PSP.
Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia is a mobile turn-based RPG developed by Square Enix. The game is based on the Dissidia video game series and features characters from the Final Fantasy franchise.
Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia is the latest game in the Dissidia series. The game was developed by Square Enix, which is known for its RPG games. They decided to go with a mobile version of their popular fighting game this time around. The game is available on both Android and iOS devices, making it easy for anyone to play.
The game has a single-player mode and an online multiplayer mode where you can fight against other players from all over the world. You can also unlock various characters from the Final Fantasy franchise by completing quests or purchasing them from the in-game shop.
The graphics are amazing, and the gameplay is smooth and responsive so that you won't have any problems playing this game on your smartphone or tablet!
The gameplay of Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia
The game takes place in an arena-based battle format, where players must defeat their opponents by strategically using their character's abilities.
Players can select up to three symbols to form their party, and each character has access to one unique ability that they can use when the "Ability" gauge fills up during battle. Characters can also summon other characters as assists during combat, usually more potent than regular attacks but have limited uses per turn.
The game features a set of story missions that follow the plot of the main storyline, with additional side missions available for completion.
The story of this game revolves around an opera singer named Kirah who lives in a world called Eos. She is also known as a Princess of Eos, but she does not know about her parents or any other details about herself.
She has been living with a man named Ramza, who treats her like his daughter, but he keeps all these things from her so that she does not get upset quickly.
One day when Kirah was singing at the palace, she heard a voice telling her to go outside, where she saw two people fighting each other. One was wearing white clothes while the other had black garments.
Kirah then ran towards them, but they both disappeared into thin air before she could reach there.
There are three main modes in Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia: Arena Mode, Adventure Mode, and Coliseum Mode. Arena Mode is where you fight other players or AI-controlled enemies to earn rewards such as Gil (money), cards, crystals, and experience points.
You can also use this mode to complete daily quests, which give you extra rewards when they're completed successfully.
Features of Dissidia final fantasy opera Omnia mod apk
The game is a mobile action RPG, a combination of Final Fantasy and Dissidia. The game features characters from the Final Fantasy franchise and has a story mode where you can choose between the Light or Dark side. You can also collect loot, battle monsters, and level up your heroes.
You can use unlimited coins to buy any item you want from the shop.
Unlimited Crystals
Crystals are used to summon new characters and also for upgrading your characters. You can also use this modded Apk to get unlimited crystals.
Unlimited Skill Points
Skill points are required to learn new skills and abilities of your heroes. You can learn all the skills by using this modded apk.
Customizable characters
You can customize your character with different outfits and accessories that you can unlock by playing through the game or buying them with real money.
Single-player mode
Complete various missions and quests while fighting online against enemy bosses or other players.
Take on other players online in real-time battles where you need to defeat all of them before they take you down!
Pros and cons of dissidia final fantasy opera omnia mod apk
One of the most popular action RPG games.
It has a massive number of characters.
You can play with your friends.
It's free to download and play.
Requires internet connection to play
How to download and install Dissidia final fantasy opera Omnia mod apk
Step 1: Download Dissidia's final fantasy opera Omnia mod apk.
Step 2: Unzip the file and copy it to your phone's storage.
Step 3: Now, open the system settings and turn on the Unknown Sources option. (It is in Security settings)
Step 4: Go back to your home screen, tap Settings > Security > Device Administration > Turn on the Unknown Sources option. This will allow you to install apps from outside the Google Play Store.
Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia is a mobile game where players can relive the story and experience the characters of the beloved franchise. The game features various characters from different series, all with their unique personalities and fighting styles.
What is the Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia Mod Apk?
The Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia Mod Apk is an unofficial version of the game that can be downloaded from third-party websites. It has been modified with specific features that cannot be found in the original game.
Is this game free to play?
Yes! Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia is a free-to-play game.
How much does it cost to play the game?
There are no microtransactions or in-app purchases in Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia. All items can be obtained by playing the game.
Are there any restrictions on playing the game?
You don't need to make any purchases to enjoy all aspects of the game, but if you want to purchase an item from the shop, you'll need to have enough crystals.
Will there be a beta?
No, we are not sure when the game will be finally released. We don't think Square Enix will do a beta for this game. But you can still download the mod apk from our website and try it yourself.
Fight alongside your favorite heroes in this brand-new update!
Battle against powerful enemies such as Ramza Beoulve and many more!
New abilities, equipment, and much more!


HB 319 and SB 410, A/K/A the Helen Gordon Davis Fair Pay Protection Act. Like all women's rights issues, the quest for equal pay has been a long journey. While women have historically been compensated less than male colleagues, there have been attempts to correct this injustice, dating all the way back to the 1870s. Women are still only earning about 79 cents for every dollar a man makes. It's time to put an end to the pay disparities between men and women, and write these protections into law, and into the lives of women in Florida.
It is becoming cliché to implore our elected officials to address our public transportation infrastructure needs. However, there remains too much unfinished legislative work that must be done. I would like to see legislation passed that makes it easier for communities to implement multi-modal transportation strategies through more flexible funding formulas and P3 investment. Also, notwithstanding the current makeup of the Florida legislature, at some point, courageous civilized leadership must prevail to address the abomination that the "Stand Your Ground" law has become, both as written and as applied. How many more people, guilty of absolutely nothing, must be killed by those using the "Stand Your Ground" law as a pretext to murder them before those sworn to serve the public good stop legalizing these killings?
Memorial Healthcare System is a Safety Net provider. One issue I would recommend needs attention is the reduction of healthcare funding, particularly for Safety Net healthcare systems that provide access to care, regardless of ability to pay, to many residents with no other financial alternatives or means. Reduction of healthcare funding represents a true financial challenge, creating a financial burden on the institutions that cover disproportionate care in their communities.
The education of our students, our future leaders and workforce, is the most significant issue that needs to be acted upon by Florida legislators. Research conducted by the Council for Educational Change illustrates the importance of effective school leadership. We have found that 40 percent of the students' academic performance is directly tied to the leadership at the school. We need to provide resources to attract and retain, incentivize, and invest in the preparation of effective school leaders and teachers. We need to ensure that students graduate ready to pursue advanced studies resulting in their career choice, and/or are sufficiently prepared with the necessary employment skills to enter the workforce. Empowering school leaders leads to empowered students to become productive members of our community.
To build a "bridge" to Cuba. Florida has much to gain from being first to develop this connection that already existed in the pre-Revolution era. By opening the economic promise of a nation that essentially needs to rebuild many sectors, this will mean job growth for our state and communities, distinct opportunity for new business (for small, medium and large firms) and long-term affiliation to this Caribbean nation and its people.
I'm happy to support the effort by City of Miami Gardens Mayor Oliver Gilbert in his support of the Calder decoupling issue currently in front of the Florida Legislature. Calder Race Course now sits on a major commercial thoroughfare that could be unlocked for major redevelopment if decoupling passes, allowing the development of a large tract of land that would make room for Miami Gardens to finally build a space where residents could come to eat, shop and play. This entertainment-based infrastructure is greatly needed so residents can circulate their dollars and create jobs in their own community and enjoy themselves in the process. Miami Gardens is the largest black city in Florida with 112,000 residents and they have been very intentional about supporting black-owned businesses and creating economic opportunities that strengthen our Miami-Dade business economy.
The Florida legislators must continue to identify innovative ways to address transportation challenges. There is a gridlock on access to other regions in Florida and it is difficult to travel to other areas such as Orlando with ease. There is a prime opportunity to look at other well-developed major metropolitan areas, nationally and overseas, to possibly implement some of their logistics.
There are so many issues, but naturally, I am drawn to children's issues. The majority of juvenile crime is committed between the hours of 3 p.m. and 7 p.m. Therefore, we need to see additional resources put into after-school programs that keep children engaged in productive activities such as sports and education. The average cost for such programs is between $2,000 to $3,000 per child vs. the cost of juvenile detention, which is in excess of $50,000 annually. Prevention is a much better deal than intervention.
Rail opponents from the Treasure Coast are targeting the expansion of passenger rail in Florida by introducing "The High Speed Passenger Rail Safety Act." This unconstitutional and federally preempted bill will jeopardize private property rights and is illegally targeting a single company. Everyone in Florida who has an interest in expanding transportation options should be concerned. Legislators should be focused on passing legislation that creates jobs, not stifling the investment of private capital into a much-needed transportation alternative.
There is current legislature to defund Visit Florida. Tourism is one of the largest revenue producers for the state. Cutting its budget significantly will reduce our state's ability to compete globally for the lucrative international traveler. Other states will gain from the short-sighted direction of Florida's Speaker of the House, Richard Corcoran.
The push to eliminate Enterprise Florida and Visit Florida is sending a dangerous message that Florida legislators don't see the value in staying competitive with other states when it comes to recruiting new companies, creating jobs and promoting tourism. Investments in business development and tourism are part of the lifeblood of Florida's economy and we can't afford to lose our competitive edge. Likewise, Senate Bill No. 2 would restore full funding for Bright Futures scholarships that reward academic performance in high school. These funds are critical to incentivizing talent to stay in-state for college, putting them in a more likely position to join the Florida workforce upon graduating.


Nissan has released details of a major update to its Note model in Europe ahead of a debut at next month's Geneva Motor Show. With the focus squarely on technology, the latest iteration of the B-segment vehicle will offer a Safety Shield package that includes blind spot monitoring and lane departure warning, the Nissan Connect navigation system, plus Nissan's Around View Monitor multi-camera parking assistance system.
The Safety Shield package, which also includes moving object detection, relies on a rear wide view camera which includes a wash and blow dry function designed to ensure it functions in all weather conditions.
Another headline technology feature is Nissan's Around View Monitor (AVM). Aimed at taking the stress out of reversing and parallel parking, the AVM system uses four separate cameras to create an "helicopter" view of the vehicle's surroundings that's displayed on the 5.8-inch dashboard mounted screen.
Nissan is offering four engine options for the Note ranging from the entry-level, three-cylinder 1.2-liter petrol unit to a four-cylinder 1.5-liter turbocharged diesel.
The entry-level unit produces around 80 hp at 6,000 rpm and 110Nm at 4,000 rpm with combined fuel economy specced at 4.7 l/100km and CO2 emissions put at 109 g/km. The supercharged 1.2-litre DIG-S option produces 98 hp at 5,600 rpm and 142 Nm of torque at 4,400 rpm, while the Renault-Nissan Alliance developed diesel unit makes 90 hp with a combined fuel economy figure of 3.6 l/100km. All engine variants feature stop-start ignition.
The Note will come in three flavors — Visia, Acenta and Tekna. Only the Tekna will get the new features like Nissan Connect, Around View Monitor, and Safety Shield. The entry-level Visia, and all models above it, will feature six airbags and cruise control. The Acenta adds air-conditioning, Bluetooth connectivity and rear electric windows.
Nissan did not reveal pricing information for the latest version of the Note. The fact that last year's model started at £11,500 (around US$17,900) for the base model might give some indication of what to expect, but we will have to wait for the final word from Nissan.


I don't register people to this site if they don't give their real name upon registration.
If your email address says BobSmith@provider.com and then you put your 'real name' down as John Jones, you won't get registered.
You can use whatever user name you like (within reason) but you must provide your real name.
Some people have a need to stay in anonymity !!! So they ca tell fibs and insult people and make up stories .
Prey tell GK,is there an agenda behind your post?