text:
/*
 * D-Bus Socket Abstraction
 *
 * The Socket objects wraps a single connection between two DBus peers
 * using streaming sockets. File-desciptor management is done by the caller.
 * This object is mainly used for line and message buffering. It supports
 * dual-mode: Line-based buffers for initial SASL transactions, and
 * message-based buffers for DBus transactions.
 *
 * Note that once the first real DBus message was read, you must not use the
 * line-helpers, anymore!
 */

#include <c-list.h>
#include <c-stdaux.h>
#include <linux/sockios.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include "dbus/message.h"
#include "dbus/queue.h"
#include "dbus/socket.h"
#include "util/error.h"
#include "util/fdlist.h"
#include "util/user.h"

struct SocketBuffer {
        CList link;
        UserCharge charges[2];

        size_t n_total;
        Message *message;

        size_t n_vecs;
        struct iovec *writer;
        struct iovec vecs[];
};

static char *socket_buffer_get_base(SocketBuffer *buffer) {
        return (char *)(buffer->vecs + buffer->n_vecs);
}

static SocketBuffer *socket_buffer_free(SocketBuffer *buffer) {
        if (!buffer)
                return NULL;

        user_charge_deinit(&buffer->charges[1]);
        user_charge_deinit(&buffer->charges[0]);
        c_list_unlink(&buffer->link);
        message_unref(buffer->message);
        free(buffer);

        return NULL;
}

C_DEFINE_CLEANUP(SocketBuffer *, socket_buffer_free);

static int socket_buffer_new_internal(SocketBuffer **bufferp, size_t n_vecs, size_t n_line) {
        SocketBuffer *buffer;

        buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer) + n_vecs * sizeof(*buffer->vecs) + n_line);
        if (!buffer)
                return error_origin(-ENOMEM);

        buffer->link = (CList)C_LIST_INIT(buffer->link);
        user_charge_init(&buffer->charges[0]);
        user_charge_init(&buffer->charges[1]);
        buffer->n_total = n_line;
        buffer->message = NULL;
        buffer->n_vecs = n_vecs;
        buffer->writer = NULL;

        *bufferp = buffer;
        return 0;
}

static int socket_buffer_new_line(SocketBuffer **bufferp,
                                  Socket *socket,
                                  User *user,
                                  size_t n) {
        _c_cleanup_(socket_buffer_freep) SocketBuffer *buffer = NULL;
        int r;

        r = socket_buffer_new_internal(&buffer, 1, c_max(n, SOCKET_LINE_PREALLOC));
        if (r)
                return error_trace(r);

        buffer->vecs[0] = (struct iovec){ socket_buffer_get_base(buffer), 0 };

        r = user_charge(socket->user,
                        &buffer->charges[0],
                        user,
                        USER_SLOT_BYTES,
                        sizeof(SocketBuffer) + buffer->n_total);
        if (r)
                return (r == USER_E_QUOTA) ? SOCKET_E_QUOTA : error_fold(r);

        *bufferp = buffer;
        buffer = NULL;
        return 0;
}

static int socket_buffer_new_message(SocketBuffer **bufferp,
                                     Socket *socket,
                                     User *user,
                                     Message *message) {
        _c_cleanup_(socket_buffer_freep) SocketBuffer *buffer = NULL;
        int r;

        r = socket_buffer_new_internal(&buffer, C_ARRAY_SIZE(message->vecs), 0);
        if (r)
                return error_trace(r);

        buffer->message = message_ref(message);
        c_memcpy(buffer->vecs, message->vecs, sizeof(message->vecs));

        r = user_charge(socket->user,
                        &buffer->charges[0],
                        user,
                        USER_SLOT_BYTES,
                        sizeof(SocketBuffer) + sizeof(Message) + message->n_data);
        if (r)
                return (r == USER_E_QUOTA) ? SOCKET_E_QUOTA : error_fold(r);

        r = user_charge(socket->user,
                        &buffer->charges[1],
                        user,
                        USER_SLOT_FDS,
                        fdlist_count(buffer->message->fds));
        if (r)
                return (r == USER_E_QUOTA) ? SOCKET_E_QUOTA : error_fold(r);

        *bufferp = buffer;
        buffer = NULL;
        return 0;
}

static size_t socket_buffer_get_line_space(SocketBuffer *buffer) {
        size_t n_remaining;

        c_assert(!buffer->message);

        n_remaining = buffer->n_total;
        n_remaining -= (char *)buffer->vecs[0].iov_base - socket_buffer_get_base(buffer);
        n_remaining -= buffer->vecs[0].iov_len;

        return n_remaining;
}

static void socket_buffer_get_line_cursor(SocketBuffer *buffer, char **datap, size_t **posp) {
        c_assert(!buffer->message);

        *datap = buffer->vecs[0].iov_base + buffer->vecs[0].iov_len;
        *posp = &buffer->vecs[0].iov_len;
}

static bool socket_buffer_is_uncomsumed(SocketBuffer *buffer) {
        return !buffer->writer;
}

static bool socket_buffer_is_consumed(SocketBuffer *buffer) {
        return buffer->writer >= buffer->vecs + buffer->n_vecs;
}

static bool socket_buffer_consume(SocketBuffer *buffer, size_t n) {
        size_t t;

        if (!buffer->writer)
                buffer->writer = buffer->vecs;

        for ( ; !socket_buffer_is_consumed(buffer); ++buffer->writer) {
                t = c_min(buffer->writer->iov_len, n);
                buffer->writer->iov_len -= t;
                buffer->writer->iov_base += t;
                n -= t;
                if (buffer->writer->iov_len)
                        break;
        }

        c_assert(!n);

        return socket_buffer_is_consumed(buffer);
}

static void socket_discard_input(Socket *socket) {
        iqueue_flush(&socket->in.queue);
        socket->in.message = message_unref(socket->in.message);
}

static void socket_discard_output(Socket *socket) {
        SocketBuffer *buffer;

        while ((buffer = c_list_first_entry(&socket->out.queue, SocketBuffer, link)))
                socket_buffer_free(buffer);
}

/**
 * socket_init() - initialize socket
 * @socket:             socket to operate on
 * @user:               socket owner, or NULL
 * @fd:                 socket file descriptor
 *
 * This initializes the new socket @socket. The socket will be owned by @user
 * (and accounted on it), and @fd will be used as socket file descriptor. Not
 * that @fd is still owned by the caller and must not be closed while the
 * socket is used.
 */
void socket_init(Socket *socket, User *user, int fd) {
        *socket = (Socket)SOCKET_NULL(*socket);
        socket->user = user_ref(user);
        socket->fd = fd;
        iqueue_init(&socket->in.queue, user);
}

/**
 * socket_deinit() - deinitialize socket
 * @socket:             socket to operate on
 *
 * This deinitializes @socket and clears all allocated resources. The socket is
 * cleared to SOCKET_NULL afterwards. Hence, it is safe to call socket_deinit()
 * multiple times.
 *
 * Note that the socket file descriptor is *NOT* closed. It is still owned by
 * the caller!
 */
void socket_deinit(Socket *socket) {
        SocketBuffer *buffer;

        socket_discard_input(socket);
        socket_discard_output(socket);

        while ((buffer = c_list_first_entry(&socket->out.pending, SocketBuffer, link)))
                socket_buffer_free(buffer);

        c_assert(c_list_is_empty(&socket->out.pending));
        c_assert(c_list_is_empty(&socket->out.queue));
        c_assert(!socket->in.message);

        iqueue_deinit(&socket->in.queue);
        socket->fd = -1;
        socket->user = user_unref(socket->user);
}

static void socket_might_reset(Socket *socket) {
        if (_c_unlikely_(!socket->reset &&
                         socket->hup_in &&
                         socket->hup_out &&
                         c_list_is_empty(&socket->out.pending) &&
                         iqueue_is_eof(&socket->in.queue)))
                socket->reset = true;
}

static void socket_hangup_input(Socket *socket) {
        /*
         * A read-side hangup is detected when recv(2) returns EOF or failure.
         * In that case, we stop reading data from the socket, but still
         * dispatch all pending input. Hence, we don't discard input buffers.
         */
        if (!socket->hup_in) {
                socket->hup_in = true;
                socket_might_reset(socket);
        }
}

static void socket_hangup_output(Socket *socket) {
        /*
         * A write-side hangup is detected when send(2) or recv(2) fail. In
         * that case, we cannot ever continue writing data to the socket, even
         * though there might still be data to read.
         * We always discard our output buffers, since the remote peer
         * disconnected asynchronously, and there is no way for us to avoid
         * data loss.
         */
        if (!socket->hup_out) {
                socket->hup_out = true;
                socket_discard_output(socket);
                socket_might_reset(socket);
        }
}

static void socket_shutdown_now(Socket *socket) {
        int r;

        c_assert(socket->shutdown);

        if (!socket->hup_out) {
                r = shutdown(socket->fd, SHUT_WR);
                c_assert(r >= 0);

                socket_hangup_output(socket);
        }
}

/**
 * socket_dequeue_line() - fetch line from input buffer
 * @socket:             socket to operate on
 * @linep:              output argument for read line
 * @np:                 output argument for read line length
 *
 * This fetchs the next full line from the input buffer. The \r\n is stripped,
 * and the line is returned in @linep and @np. That is, @np might be 0 (in case
 * the line was empty apart from \r\n), but @linep will still point to the line
 * in that case (that is, it is non-NULL).
 *
 * If no more lines can be fetched, this returns NULL in @linep, and 0 in @np.
 *
 * Note that any fetched line is always owned by the socket. That is, @linep is
 * only valid until the next call to a socket function. It points directly into
 * the input buffer of the socket, and might be moved, overwritten, or
 * deallocated by any other socket call.
 *
 * This function must not be called once the socket has been put into
 * message-mode. That is, the line-based I/O is torn down as soon as the first
 * message is read or written.
 *
 * Return: On success, 0 is returned and @linep and @np either contain the read
 *         line, or (NULL, 0) if there is no more data to fetch.
 *         If the input-stream was closed and no more data is to be read,
 *         SOCKET_E_EOF is returned.
 *         On fatal errors, a negative error code is returned.
 */
int socket_dequeue_line(Socket *socket, const char **linep, size_t *np) {
        int r;

        r = iqueue_pop_line(&socket->in.queue, linep, np);
        if (r) {
                if (r == IQUEUE_E_PENDING) {
                        socket_might_reset(socket);
                        if (_c_unlikely_(socket->hup_in))
                                return SOCKET_E_EOF;

                        *linep = NULL;
                        *np = 0;
                        return 0;
                } else if (r == IQUEUE_E_VIOLATION) {
                        socket_close(socket);
                        return SOCKET_E_EOF;
                }

                return error_fold(r);
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * socket_dequeue() - fetch message from input buffer
 * @socket:             socket to operate on
 * @messagep:           output argument for read message
 *
 * This fetches a message from the input buffer. If a full message was parsed,
 * the @messagep argument will now point to it and own a single reference to be
 * released by the caller.
 * If no more messages can be fetched from the input buffer, NULL is put into
 * @messagep.
 *
 * If the input stream was shutdown, SOCKET_E_EOF is returned and no further
 * data can be read.
 *
 * Return: On success, 0 is returned and @messagep will point to the read
 *         message (now owned by the caller). If no more messages can be
 *         fetched, NULL is put into @messagep.
 *         If the input-stream was closed and no more data is to be read,
 *         SOCKET_E_EOF is returned.
 *         If the incoming message would exceed the quota of the caller, then
 *         SOCKET_E_QUOTA is returned.
 *         On fatal errors, a negative error code is returned.
 */
int socket_dequeue(Socket *socket, Message **messagep) {
        Message *message;
        int r;

        if (!iqueue_get_target(&socket->in.queue)) {
                r = iqueue_set_target(&socket->in.queue,
                                      &socket->in.header,
                                      sizeof(socket->in.header));
                if (r)
                        return (r == IQUEUE_E_QUOTA) ? SOCKET_E_QUOTA : error_fold(r);
        }

        if (!socket->in.message) {
                r = iqueue_pop_data(&socket->in.queue, NULL);
                if (r == IQUEUE_E_PENDING) {
                        goto nodata;
                } else if (r == IQUEUE_E_VIOLATION) {
                        socket_close(socket);
                        return SOCKET_E_EOF;
                } else if (r) {
                        return error_fold(r);
                }

                r = message_new_incoming(&message, socket->in.header);
                if (r == MESSAGE_E_CORRUPT_HEADER ||
                    r == MESSAGE_E_TOO_LARGE) {
                        socket_close(socket);
                        return SOCKET_E_EOF;
                } else if (r) {
                        return error_fold(r);
                }

                r = iqueue_set_target(&socket->in.queue,
                                      message->data + sizeof(socket->in.header),
                                      message->n_data - sizeof(socket->in.header));
                if (r) {
                        message_unref(message);
                        return (r == IQUEUE_E_QUOTA) ? SOCKET_E_QUOTA : error_fold(r);
                }

                socket->in.message = message;
        }

        c_assert(socket->in.message);

        r = iqueue_pop_data(&socket->in.queue, &socket->in.message->fds);
        if (r == IQUEUE_E_PENDING) {
                goto nodata;
        } else if (r == IQUEUE_E_VIOLATION) {
                socket_close(socket);
                return SOCKET_E_EOF;
        } else if (r) {
                return error_fold(r);
        }

        *messagep = socket->in.message;
        socket->in.message = NULL;
        return 0;

nodata:
        socket_might_reset(socket);
        if (_c_unlikely_(socket->hup_in))
                return SOCKET_E_EOF;

        *messagep = NULL;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * socket_queue_line() - queue line on socket
 * @socket:             socket to operate on
 * @user:               user to account for, or NULL
 * @line_in:            line pointer
 * @n:                  length of line
 *
 * This queues the line (@line_in, @n) on the socket @socket, accounting @user
 * as the sender. If @user is NULL, the owner of the socket is accounted.
 *
 * \r\n is always appended to the message by this function.
 *
 * Return: 0 on success, SOCKET_E_QUOTA if quota failed, SOCKET_E_SHUTDOWN if
 *         write-side end is already shutdown, negative error code on failure.
 */
int socket_queue_line(Socket *socket, User *user, const char *line_in, size_t n) {
        SocketBuffer *buffer;
        char *line_out;
        size_t *pos;
        int r;

        if (_c_unlikely_(socket->hup_out || socket->shutdown))
                return SOCKET_E_SHUTDOWN;

        buffer = c_list_last_entry(&socket->out.queue, SocketBuffer, link);
        if (!buffer || n + strlen("\r\n") > socket_buffer_get_line_space(buffer)) {
                r = socket_buffer_new_line(&buffer, socket, user, n + strlen("\r\n"));
                if (r)
                        return error_trace(r);

                c_list_link_tail(&socket->out.queue, &buffer->link);
        }

        socket_buffer_get_line_cursor(buffer, &line_out, &pos);

        c_memcpy(line_out, line_in, n);
        line_out += n;
        *pos += n;

        c_memcpy(line_out, "\r\n", strlen("\r\n"));
        *pos += strlen("\r\n");

        return 0;
}

/**
 * socket_queue() - queue socket buffer on socket
 * @socket:             socket to operate on
 * @user:               user to charge as
 * @message:            message to queue
 *
 * This queues @message on the socket @socket, charging @user for the required
 * quota on the socket owner of @socket.
 *
 * Return: 0 on success, SOCKET_E_QUOTA if quota failed, SOCKET_E_SHUTDOWN if
 *         write-side end is already shutdown, negative error code on failure.
 */
int socket_queue(Socket *socket, User *user, Message *message) {
        _c_cleanup_(socket_buffer_freep) SocketBuffer *buffer = NULL;
        int r;

        if (_c_unlikely_(socket->hup_out || socket->shutdown))
                return SOCKET_E_SHUTDOWN;

        r = socket_buffer_new_message(&buffer, socket, user, message);
        if (r)
                return error_trace(r);

        c_list_link_tail(&socket->out.queue, &buffer->link);
        buffer = NULL;
        return 0;
}

static int socket_recvmsg(Socket *socket,
                          void *buffer,
                          size_t *from,
                          size_t to,
                          FDList **fdsp,
                          UserCharge *charge_fds) {
        union {
                struct cmsghdr cmsg;
                char buffer[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int) * SOCKET_FD_MAX)];
        } control;
        struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
        struct msghdr msg;
        int r, *fds = NULL;
        size_t n_fds = 0;
        ssize_t l;

        c_assert(to > *from);

        msg = (struct msghdr){
                .msg_iov = &(struct iovec){
                        .iov_base = buffer + *from,
                        .iov_len = to - *from,
                },
                .msg_iovlen = 1,
                .msg_control = &control,
                .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
        };

        l = recvmsg(socket->fd, &msg, MSG_DONTWAIT | MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC);
        if (_c_unlikely_(!l)) {
                /*
                 * A 0 return of recvmsg() signals end-of-file. Hence, hangup
                 * the input side, but keep the output alive. We might still
                 * want to flush more data out.
                 */
                socket_hangup_input(socket);
                return SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST;
        } else if (_c_unlikely_(l < 0)) {
                switch (errno) {
                case EAGAIN:
                        return 0;
                case ECOMM:
                case ECONNABORTED:
                case ECONNRESET:
                case EHOSTDOWN:
                case EHOSTUNREACH:
                case EIO:
                case ENOBUFS:
                case ENOMEM:
                case EPIPE:
                case EPROTO:
                case EREMOTEIO:
                case ESHUTDOWN:
                case ETIMEDOUT:
                        /*
                         * If recvmsg(2) fails, this means both read-side *and*
                         * write-side are shutdown. A mere read-side hangup is
                         * signalled by a 0 return-value (handled above).
                         */
                        socket_hangup_input(socket);
                        socket_hangup_output(socket);
                        return SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST;
                }

                return error_origin(-errno);
        }

        for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) {
                if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
                    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
                        /*
                         * Kernel breaks after SKB+fd, so we never get more
                         * than one SCM_RIGHTS array.
                         */
                        c_assert(!n_fds);
                        fds = (void *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
                        n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
                        c_assert(n_fds <= SOCKET_FD_MAX);
                }
        }

        if (msg.msg_flags & MSG_CTRUNC) {
                /*
                 * Our control-buffer-size is carefully calculated to be big
                 * enough for any possible ancillary data we expect. Therefore,
                 * the kernel should never be required to truncate it, and thus
                 * MSG_CTRUNC will never be set. This is also foward compatible
                 * to future extensions to the ancillary data, since these must
                 * be enabled explicitly before the kernel considers forwarding
                 * them.
                 *
                 * Unfortunately, the SCM_RIGHTS implementation might set this
                 * flag as well. In particular, if not all FDs can be returned
                 * to user-space, MSG_CTRUNC will be set (signalling that the
                 * FD-set is non-complete). No other error is returned or
                 * signalled, though. There are several reasons why the FD
                 * transmission can fail. Most importantly, if we exhaust our
                 * FD limit, further FDs will simply be discarded. We are
                 * protected against this by our accounting-quotas, but we
                 * would still like to catch this condition and warn loudly.
                 * However, FDs are also dropped if the security layer refused
                 * the transmission of the FD in question. This means, if an
                 * LSM refuses the D-Bus client to send us an FD, the FD is
                 * just dropped and MSG_CTRUNC will be set. This can be
                 * triggered by clients.
                 *
                 * To summarize: In an ideal world, we would expect this flag
                 * to never be set, and we would just use
                 * `error_origin(-ENOTRECOVERABLE)` to provide diagnostics.
                 * Unfortunately, the gross misuse of this flag for LSM
                 * security enforcements means we have to assume any occurence
                 * of MSG_CTRUNC means the client was refused to send a
                 * specific message. Our only possible way to deal with this is
                 * to disconnect the client.
                 */
                socket_close(socket);
                r = SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST;
                goto error;
        }

        if (_c_unlikely_(*fdsp && n_fds)) {
                /* XXX: this is a protocol violation, but for now simply drop the
                 *      spurios fds as sd-bus is broken and passes us this.
                 *      This whole conditional should simply be dropped.
                 */
                while (n_fds)
                        close(fds[--n_fds]);

                fprintf(stderr, "socket: discarded unexpected file descriptors.\n");
        }

        if (_c_unlikely_(n_fds)) {
                /*
                 * So we received FDs with this hunk. If we already got FDs for
                 * this pending message, we must follow the D-Bus spec and
                 * treat this as protocol violation. So close the socket
                 * immediately. We also close the socket immediately in case
                 * the sending user's fd quota has been exceeded.
                 * Otherwise, remember the FDs in the socket. Note that FDs
                 * always belong to the *last* byte of a received hunk, since
                 * the kernel breaks SKBs *AFTER* FDs, but not before them.
                 * This also means we must never call into recvmsg(2) if there
                 * is unparsed data in our buffers, since we might incorrectly
                 * merge two messages.
                 */

                if (_c_unlikely_(*fdsp)) {
                        socket_close(socket);
                        r = SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST;
                        goto error;
                }

                r = user_charge(socket->user,
                                charge_fds,
                                NULL,
                                USER_SLOT_FDS,
                                n_fds);
                if (r == USER_E_QUOTA) {
                        /*
                         * Too many/large outstanding messages accross all
                         * a user's peers is considered a protocol
                         * violation too and causes an immediate shutdown.
                         */
                        socket_close(socket);
                        r = SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST;
                        goto error;
                } else if (r) {
                        r = error_fold(r);
                        goto error;
                }

                r = fdlist_new_consume_fds(fdsp, fds, n_fds);
                if (r) {
                        user_charge_deinit(charge_fds);
                        r = error_fold(r);
                        goto error;
                }
        }

        *from += l;
        return SOCKET_E_PREEMPTED;

error:
        while (n_fds)
                close(fds[--n_fds]);
        return r;
}

static int socket_dispatch_read(Socket *socket) {
        UserCharge *charge_fds;
        size_t *from, to;
        FDList **fds;
        void *buffer;
        int r;

        if (socket->hup_in)
                return SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST;

        r = iqueue_get_cursor(&socket->in.queue,
                              &buffer,
                              &from,
                              &to,
                              &fds,
                              &charge_fds);
        if (r == IQUEUE_E_PENDING) {
                return 0;
        } else if (r == IQUEUE_E_QUOTA ||
                   r == IQUEUE_E_VIOLATION) {
                socket_close(socket);
                return SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST;
        } else if (r) {
                return error_fold(r);
        }

        return socket_recvmsg(socket,
                              buffer,
                              from,
                              to,
                              fds,
                              charge_fds);
}

static int socket_dispatch_write(Socket *socket) {
        SocketBuffer *buffer, *safe;
        struct mmsghdr msgs[SOCKET_MMSG_MAX];
        struct msghdr *msg;
        int r, i, v, n_msgs;

        if (!c_list_is_empty(&socket->out.pending)) {
                r = ioctl(socket->fd, SIOCOUTQ, &v);
                if (r < 0)
                        return error_origin(-errno);

                /*
                 * We would like to check for an empty queue here:
                 *
                 *     if (v > 0)
                 *             return 0;
                 *
                 * Unfortunately, the kernel uses the write-buffer as a
                 * reference counter. This effectively means that when it drops
                 * buffers from the write-queue, it drops all but 1 from the
                 * `sk_wmem_alloc` counter, then notifies user-space, and
                 * eventually drops its final reference, possibly freeing the
                 * underlying socket structures, if this was the last
                 * reference.
                 *
                 * While it is possible to hit this small race with a single
                 * kernel thread currently holding this temporary reference,
                 * technically there can be many threads in parallel. However,
                 * this would require multiple readers on the other end of the
                 * dbus-socket, and all of them dispatching data in parallel
                 * (which does not make sense for stream sockets), and all in
                 * exactly the same kernel path at the same time. While we
                 * consider it impossible to hit this with more than one thread
                 * in the same path, we use 128 as a safety measure here.
                 *
                 * Note that the kernel uses `skb->truesize` for write-buffer
                 * allocations, meaning that even transmitting a single byte
                 * will allocate buffers larger than 128 bytes. Therefore, this
                 * seems like a suitable tradeoff.
                 *
                 * The preferred fix would be the kernel returning the actual
                 * data, rather than misusing the counter, but that is not how
                 * things currently work.
                 *
                 * Lastly, we simply return 0 and treat this condition as
                 * EAGAIN. We know that the kernel will send us an EPOLLOUT
                 * notification as soon as the write-buffer clears, so we will
                 * be woken up again when there is no more pending data in the
                 * outgoing queues.
                 */
                if (v > 128)
                        return 0;

                c_list_for_each_entry_safe(buffer, safe, &socket->out.pending, link)
                        socket_buffer_free(buffer);

                socket_might_reset(socket);
        }

        if (socket->hup_out)
                return SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST;

        n_msgs = 0;
        c_list_for_each_entry(buffer, &socket->out.queue, link) {
                msg = &msgs[n_msgs].msg_hdr;

                msg->msg_name = NULL;
                msg->msg_namelen = 0;
                msg->msg_iov = buffer->vecs;
                msg->msg_iovlen = buffer->n_vecs;
                if (buffer->message &&
                    buffer->message->fds &&
                    socket_buffer_is_uncomsumed(buffer)) {
                        msg->msg_control = buffer->message->fds->cmsg;
                        msg->msg_controllen = buffer->message->fds->cmsg->cmsg_len;
                } else {
                        msg->msg_control = NULL;
                        msg->msg_controllen = 0;
                }
                msg->msg_flags = 0;

                if (++n_msgs >= (ssize_t)C_ARRAY_SIZE(msgs))
                        break;

                /*
                 * Right now, the only information the kernel gives us about
                 * outgoing queues is whether there is data queued or not. That
                 * is, a boolean state. There is some other data, but we cannot
                 * reliable deduce any useful state from it.
                 *
                 * Hence, we only ever queue at most 1 message with FDs on it.
                 * This way, we can reliably get notified about FDs being
                 * queued and dequeued.
                 *
                 * We could, technically, avoid this and just spam out
                 * messages. However, we better be notified as early as
                 * possible about dequeued FDs, so our accounting actually
                 * represents the real client-controlled state. If we were
                 * notified late (because we continued queueing), then a client
                 * might have dequeued the FDs at fault, but we still consider
                 * them queued and thus might exceed its quota.
                 */
                if (buffer->message && fdlist_count(buffer->message->fds))
                        break;
        }

        if (!n_msgs)
                return SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST;

        n_msgs = sendmmsg(socket->fd, msgs, n_msgs, MSG_DONTWAIT | MSG_NOSIGNAL);
        if (n_msgs < 0) {
                switch (errno) {
                case EAGAIN:
                        return 0;
                case ETOOMANYREFS:
                        /*
                         * The kernel used to return ETOOMANYREFS if we exceed
                         * the fd-passing recursion limit. This was dropped in
                         * commit:
                         *
                         *     commit 27eac47b00789522ba00501b0838026e1ecb6f05
                         *     Author: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
                         *     Commit: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
                         *     Date:   Mon Jul 17 11:35:54 2017 +0200
                         *
                         *         net/unix: drop obsolete fd-recursion limits
                         *
                         * Since then the kernel no longer limits the recursion
                         * depth, thus we will not trigger ETOOMANYREFS. You
                         * are highly recommended to run >=linux-4.14,
                         * otherwise clients can exploit this by modifying
                         * file-descriptors while inflight.
                         *
                         * Note that the kernel also returns ETOOMANYREFS if we
                         * exceeded our per-user limit of maximum inflight
                         * file-descriptors. Since we employ quota-accounting,
                         * ETOOMANYREFS should never occur, unless you
                         * misconfigured your broker. Hence, we treat this as
                         * fatal error.
                         *
                         * XXX: At one point in the future, we should remove
                         *      this switch-case. We leave it here purely for
                         *      documenting the history of this error-code.
                         */
                        break;
                case ECOMM:
                case ECONNABORTED:
                case ECONNRESET:
                case EHOSTDOWN:
                case EHOSTUNREACH:
                case EIO:
                case ENOBUFS:
                case ENOMEM:
                case EPIPE:
                case EPROTO:
                case EREMOTEIO:
                case ESHUTDOWN:
                case ETIMEDOUT:
                        socket_hangup_output(socket);
                        return SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST;
                }

                return error_origin(-errno);
        }

        i = 0;
        c_list_for_each_entry_safe(buffer, safe, &socket->out.queue, link) {
                if (i >= n_msgs)
                        break;

                if (socket_buffer_consume(buffer, msgs[i].msg_len)) {
                        if (buffer->message && buffer->message->fds) {
                                c_list_unlink(&buffer->link);
                                c_list_link_tail(&socket->out.pending, &buffer->link);
                        } else {
                                socket_buffer_free(buffer);
                        }
                }

                ++i;
        }
        c_assert(i == n_msgs);

        if (c_list_is_empty(&socket->out.queue)) {
                if (_c_unlikely_(socket->shutdown))
                        socket_shutdown_now(socket);

                if (_c_likely_(c_list_is_empty(&socket->out.pending)))
                        return SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST;
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * socket_dispatch() - dispatch event
 * @socket:             socket to operate on
 * @event:              epoll-event to dispatch
 *
 * This dispatches the epoll-event @event on the socket @socket. After calling
 * this, the caller must loop on socket_dequeue{,_line}() to fetch all data.
 *
 * Return: 0 on success, SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST if the socket lost interest in
 *         the event, SOCKET_E_PREEMPTED if the socket was preempted while
 *         handling the event, negative error code on failure.
 */
int socket_dispatch(Socket *socket, uint32_t event) {
        int r = SOCKET_E_LOST_INTEREST;

        switch (event) {
        case EPOLLIN:
                r = socket_dispatch_read(socket);
                break;
        case EPOLLOUT:
                r = socket_dispatch_write(socket);
                break;
        case EPOLLHUP:
                socket_hangup_output(socket);
                break;
        }

        return r;
}

/**
 * socket_shutdown() - disallow further queueing on the socket
 * @socket:             socket to operate on
 *
 * This disallows further queuing on the socket, but still flushes out the
 * pending socket buffers to the kernel. Once all pending output has been
 * sent the remote end is notified of the shutdown.
 */
void socket_shutdown(Socket *socket) {
        if (!socket->shutdown) {
                socket->shutdown = true;
                if (c_list_is_empty(&socket->out.queue))
                        socket_shutdown_now(socket);
        }
}

/**
 * socket_close() - close both communication directions
 * @socket:                     socket to operate on
 *
 * This disallows both further queuing and dequeuing on the socket, but
 * still flushes out the pending socket buffers to the kernel. Once all
 * pending output has been sent the remote end is notified of the shutdown.
 */
void socket_close(Socket *socket) {
        socket_hangup_input(socket);
        socket_shutdown(socket);

        /*
         * Now that both input and output were shut down, we discard pending
         * input, since we want an immediate shutdown.
         * Note that this might trigger a reset, so we have to call into
         * socket_might_reset() here (the call to socket_discard_input() does
         * not do that).
         */
        socket_discard_input(socket);
        socket_might_reset(socket);
}

/**
 * socket_get_stats() - calculate socket statistics
 * @socket:                     socket to operate on
 * @n_in_bytesp:                output argument for #incoming bytes
 * @n_in_fdsp:                  output argument for #incoming fds
 * @n_out_bytesp:               output argument for #outgoing bytes
 * @n_out_fdsp:                 output argument for #outgoing fds
 *
 * This calculates the statistics of incoming and outgoing messages on @socket.
 */
void socket_get_stats(Socket *socket,
                      unsigned int *n_in_bytesp,
                      unsigned int *n_in_fdsp,
                      unsigned int *n_out_bytesp,
                      unsigned int *n_out_fdsp) {
        unsigned int n_in_bytes = 0, n_in_fds = 0, n_out_bytes = 0, n_out_fds = 0;
        SocketBuffer *buffer;

        n_in_bytes += socket->in.queue.charge_data.charge;
        n_in_bytes += socket->in.queue.pending.charge_data.charge;
        n_in_fds += socket->in.queue.charge_fds.charge;
        n_in_fds += socket->in.queue.pending.charge_fds.charge;

        c_list_for_each_entry(buffer, &socket->out.queue, link) {
                n_out_bytes += buffer->charges[0].charge;
                n_out_fds += buffer->charges[1].charge;
        }

        c_list_for_each_entry(buffer, &socket->out.pending, link) {
                n_out_bytes += buffer->charges[0].charge;
                n_out_fds += buffer->charges[1].charge;
        }

        *n_in_bytesp = n_in_bytes;
        *n_in_fdsp = n_in_fds;
        *n_out_bytesp = n_out_bytes;
        *n_out_fdsp = n_out_fds;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Search Results for constabulary
Hispanic American Historical Review (3)
1-3 of 3 Search Results for
Dollar Diplomacy by Force: Nation-Building and Resistance in the Dominican Republic
Eric Paul Roorda
Hispanic American Historical Review (1 May 2017) 97 (2): 362–364.
...-occupation than previously understood. Tillman's page-turning account of the period leading up to the invasion convincingly explains how and why it happened. Established in April 1917, the Guardia Nacional Dominicana was planned as a peacekeeping "constabulary" but quickly "became a central component in...
Paul J. Vanderwood (1929–2011)
Eric Van Young
..., and specifically to the little-studied but much- mentioned rural constabulary corps that came to high prominence during the regime of Porfirio Díaz, the Rurales. Vanderwood's doctoral dissertation, com- pleted in 1969, was entitled "The Rurales: Mexico's Rural Police Force, 1861– 1914." After its...
In the Shadow of the State: The Politics of Denunciation and Panegyric during the Trujillo Regime in the Dominican Republic, 1940-1958
Lauren Derby
... rustler, Trujillo had come to power through the National Guard, the constabulary force trained during the U.S. military occupation (1916 – 24), by means of a coup d'état rather than an elec- tion. The Foro mimicked a form of popular speech characteristic of the intense rivalry and status competition...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Genesis Gaming Adds Red Tiger Gaming's Titles to Their Platform
March 16, 2019 March 16, 2019 by CasinoBonuses.com
( Click to Enlarge )
On March 28, 2019, players at some of the top online casinos that are part of the Genesis Global network will be getting titles from developer Red Tiger Gaming. This is a pretty big deal and goes to show just how much Red Tiger has been expanding after another recent announcement that their portfolio would be available through the Gameflex platform by iForium as well.
New Additions to Genesis Global Casinos
There are a total of eight different Genesis Global online casinos that will be getting new games from Red Tiger Gaming as the result of a new distribution deal. These sites represent some of the most popular names in the industry, including: Spela Casino, Pelaa Casino, Casino Cruise, Sloty, Genesis Casino, Casino Joy, Vegas Hero and Spinit Casino.
The initial release of games will include some of the most popular Red Tiger Gaming online slots ever produced. This list includes Tiki Fruits, Token Lightning, Thor's Lightning and the super popular Pirates' Plenty. Their games have won awards because of the great mix they offer of solid graphics and exciting gameplay, but their titles also stand out for not just using the same old themes that players have seen over and over again.
They clearly have fresh ideas, and players will soon have even more ways to get in on the action with their portfolio.
Mystery Reels Megaways Slot Release
This deal is set to be live on March 28, 2019. However, something else exciting is happening the same day, and that's the highly anticipated release of the new Mystery Reels Megaways video slot.
The upcoming Mystery Reels Megaways slot is designed around a set of atypical features that combine to create an incredibly dynamic and exciting gameplay experience.
Players have been looking forward to this release for quite some time, and now it will be coming out on the same day that Red Tiger Gaming's other titles go live on some of the most popular Genesis Global brands out there. That's a win-win for everyone involved, and it's most definitely a win for players.
The Importance of Deals Like This One
It's critical for players that distribution deals like this are made because it makes it so much easier to find and enjoy the best titles out there. We love the fact that the modern era of online casinos makes it so easy to log in at just about any of the top sites and enjoy games from a wide range of different software providers.
On top of that, it puts players in more of a position where they can find a single casino home with all of the titles that they want to play. This prevents the need to jump around, which can be inconvenient considering the time it can take to transfer funds from casino to casino. Genesis Global's casino options just became a lot more attractive to players, particularly if this is a concern.
Smart Spins Features
Included in this deal are the Smart Spins features, a set of special tools for operators that Red Tiger Gaming has developed. This allows players to do some pretty cool things with sharing big wins on social media and so on, which is something you don't often find even in modern times where social media is such an important part of our lives.
Red Tiger Gaming Pushing Ahead in 2019
This software developer has been on quite a tear recently. They've added distribution deals with big names like SkillOnNet and BetVictor recently on top of their newest deal with Genesis Global. It's clear that they are looking to make 2019 their year after already having a few years in a row where they built up a tremendous amount of momentum. Anyone wanting to get a piece of the action of their portfolio of games now has a better selection of casino options than ever before.


619 Greenwich St. N. Y.
T. J. Murphy was Timothy J. Murphy, who was in partnership with Richard Herrmann as Murphy & Herrmann at 99 Thompson St. from 1903 to 1909.
Timothy J. Murphy (1880?-1949) died in 1949 when this short notice appeared in the New York Times, 17 December 1949, pg. 17, "Timothy J. Murphy Special to the New York Times, Yonkers, Dec. 16 - Timothy J. Murphy, a retired iron manufacturer who formerly for many years conducted the T. J. Murphy Iron Works at 619 Greenwich Street, Manhattan, and who lived at 263 Riverdale Avenue, Yonkers, died late last night in St. John's Riverside Hospital. His age was 69."
Richard Herrmann (1851-?) was recorded in the 1900 U. S. Census, age 49, born April, 1851, in Germany. The census says he immigrated to the U. S. in 1860. He lived at 434 West Broadway with his wife, Lizzie, and their four children.
Another T. J. Murphy coal chute cover is found at 138 Howard St. near the southwest corner of Lafayette St.


text:
Die Pfifferlinge (Cantharellus) sind eine Pilzgattung aus der Familie der Stoppelpilzverwandten (Hydnaceae). Die Typusart ist der Echte Pfifferling (Cantharellus cibarius).

Merkmale
Bei den Pfifferlingen handelt es sich im Allgemeinen um mittelgroße Pilze, deren Fruchtkörper mehr oder weniger deutlich in Hut und Stiel gegliedert sind. Der Hut ist mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 2 bis 9 cm meist etwas trichterförmig, während der Hutrand hingegen sehr lange eingerollt ist. Das Hymenophor bildet Leisten, die zum Teil weit am Stiel herablaufen und teils miteinander vernetzt sind. Der Stiel ist bei den meisten Arten vollfleischig und steht zentral. Mikroskopische Kennzeichen sind die hyalinen, keuligen und meist viersporigen Basidien, und dünnwandigen, glatten, ebenfalls hyalinen Sporen.

Ökologie
Die Pfifferlinge sind Mykorrhizapartner von Laub- und Nadelbäumen.

Bedeutung
Viele Arten der Gattung Pfifferlinge sind essbar und beliebte Speisepilze, der Echte Pfifferling wird auch gehandelt.
Alle heimischen Arten der Gattung stehen allerdings auf der Liste der nach Bundesartenschutzverordnung besonders geschützten Flechten und Pilze.

Namensherkunft
Der deutsche Name der Gattung stammt aus dem Mittelhochdeutschen und bezieht sich auf den leicht pfefferartigen Geschmack des Fleischs. Der lateinische Name ist vom lateinischen  (Verkleinerungsform zu  'Becher' oder 'Humpen') abgeleitet und nimmt auf die Form der Fruchtkörper Bezug.

Im früheren Ostpreußen, besonders in Masuren, hatten sie den Namen "Gelböhrchen". Weitere gängige Bezeichnungen sind Eierschwamm und Rehling.

Arten
In Europa kommen 8 Arten vor.

Systematik

Äußere Systematik
Die Pfifferlinge wurden früher zusammen mit den Kraterellen (Craterellus) in die Familie der Pfifferlingsverwandten gestellt. Diese unterscheiden sich durch einen hohlen Stiel und/oder ein grauendes bis schwärzendes Fleisch, außerdem durch das Fehlen bizyklischer Carotinoide. Auf Grundlage phylogenetischer Untersuchungen wurde die Familie der Pfifferlingsverwandten aufgelöst und die enthaltenen Gattungen in die Familie der Stoppelpilzverwandten gestellt.

Die Schwärzende (C. melanoxeros) und die Violettgelbe Kraterelle (C. ianthinoxanthus) wurden früher zu den Pfifferlingen gezählt, stellten sich aber aufgrund phylogenetischer Untersuchungen als Kraterellen heraus.

Innere Systematik
Es werden folgende Untergattungen unterschieden:

 Afrocantharellus
 Cantharellus
 Blasser Rostfleck-Pfifferling (C. alborufescens)
 Violettschuppiger Pfifferling (C. amethysteus)
 Echter Pfifferling (C. cibarius)
 Olivgelber Rostfleck-Pfifferling (C. ferruginascens)
 Blasser Pfifferling (C. pallens)
 Cantharellus roseofagetorum
 Cinnabarinus
 Samtiger Pfifferling (C. friesii)
 Magni
 Parvocantharellus
 Dünnhyphiger Zwerg-Pfifferling (C. romagnesianus)
 Pseudocantharellus
 Rubrinus

Literatur
 Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Hrsg.): Pilze der Schweiz. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pilzflora der Schweiz. Band 3: Röhrlinge und Blätterpilze. Teil 1: Strobilomycetaceae und Boletaceae, Paxillaceae, Gomphidiacea, Hygrophoracea, Tricholomataceae, Polyporaceae (lamellige). Mykologia, Luzern 1991, ISBN 3-85604-030-7.
 German Josef Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Andreas Gminder: Die Großpilze Baden-Württembergs. Band 3: Ständerpilze. Blätterpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1.
 Heinrich Dörfelt, Gottfried Jetschke (Hrsg.): Wörterbuch der Mycologie. 2. Auflage. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg/Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Pfifferlingsartige
Speisepilz

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Published at Saturday, March 02nd, 2019 - 22:24:14 PM. Cabinet Finishes. By Quartilla Jayden.
One major drawback of this type of kitchen cabinet finish is that it has the tendency to chip and wear over time. Acrylic – Acrylic finish is a type of non toxic finish that is mainly composed of acrylic acid. It gives kitchen cabinets a high gloss finish that is ultra smooth and has a sleek, mirror like appearance. Acrylic is available in a wide range of colors which can suit a variety of kitchen palettes. This type of finish is also known to last for years, without fading or discoloration.


Luckily this integral of even a complex shape can be done easily by our CAD package, but we must make sure to specify that the point about which the moment of inertia is being calculated is the pivot of the pendulum.
Make sure that the Sketch Origin in Inventor is at the pivot point of the pendulum.
Use the data gathered in the previous point mass pendulum analysis.
In the previous analysis, it is assumed that all of the mass of the pendulum is concentrated at the center of mass. However, a more accurate analysis can be performed that includes the effect of the rotational inertia (I) of the pendulum. The rotational inertia (I) of a body is the quantity that tells us how the mass of a rotating body is distributed about its axis of rotation.
Similar to the center of mass analysis, the rotational inertia analysis can be broken up into two parts: The acrylic pendulum and the bolts.
This procedure again requires values from Inventor. The start of the procedure has been copied for your convenience.
Create a new sketch on the front face of the pendulum. Click on the "Project Geometry" tool, and select the front face of the pendulum. Click Tools on the Ribbon, and then click the drop down arrow under "Measure." Click on "Region Properties."
The Region Properties dialog box will pop up. Click on "Click to Add" in the top left of the box, and then click on the front face of the pendulum.
Click on the "Calculate" button, and then mass properties about the pendulum will appear. The moment of inertia values are generated from the 2D profile of the sketch of the pendulum.
To calculate the rotational inertia, use the equation below. Note: The units of the moments of inertia are given as in^4.
To find the rotational inertia of the pendulum with bolts, the actual distance from each bolt to the pivot is needed.
4. Now, click on the "Tools" tab of the Ribbon. Select the "Distance" tool from the Measure box. Now, click the center of the pivot hole, followed by the center of a bolt hole. A blue line is drawn, and a distance box displays relevant information about the selection. The value displayed in the top box is the actual distance between the two selected points, and should be used for calculations in this section. Repeat this process for all bolts.
Using the values obtained above, solve the frequency of the pendulum using rigid body mechanics.


text:
UK defence sales to the United Arab Emirates, including Hawk aircraft
This file concerns HMG's efforts to secure contracts for the sale of Hawk training aircraft to the UAE. It contains correspondence and memoranda on:
Details of separate negotiations with Abu Dhabi and Dubai; the signing of a contract for eight Hawk aircraft by Dubai
The assessment of the Crown Prince of Dubai Sheikh Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Maktoum of the influence his own decision had on Abu Dhabi's purchase of Hawks
Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan's concerns regarding commissions being paid for the Hawk sale in response to reports in the UK press and Parliament, and his insistence on the sale being undertaken on a government-to-government basis
The question of the sale to Abu Dhabi being undertaken directly between its Government and British Aerospace (BAe)
A proposed visit by a French sales team to Abu Dhabi
This file also contains correspondence and memoranda concerning:
Efforts to secure the contract for an electronic warfare package with the UAE; and the formation of a British consortium for this purpose consisting of GEC Marconi Electronics Limited and Racal-Decca Marine Limited
The question of undertaking naval exports to the UAE
The provision of English language training
The proposed visit of BAe Chairman Sir Raymond Lygo to oversee an effort to improve the performance of the Rapier missile system
General defence sales prospects in the UAE
Raymond Lygo
Sheikh Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Arms and military equipment
Internal relations (inter-UAE)
Marconi Company
UAE Armed Forces


text:
Q: cout output with visual studio and C++/OpenGL If I have a main function like this:
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB);
    glutInitWindowSize (800, 600);
    glutInitWindowPosition (100, 100);
    glutCreateWindow ("A");

    init();
    glutIdleFunc(update);
    glutDisplayFunc(draw);
    glutReshapeFunc(resize);
    glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
    glutSpecialFunc(specialKeyboard);
    glutMouseFunc(mouse);

    cout<<x<<" "<<"Printed out variable x"<<endl;
    cout<<y<<" "<<"Printed out variable y"<<endl;
    cout<<z<<" "<<"Printed out variable z"<<endl;
    glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
}

Where can I see the result of the cout calls?

A: If you're working in a Console Application Project, then the output should appear on the console (the command prompt-like window that opens with the OpenGL window).
If you are not working in a Console Application, and you have a Win32 or Empty project instead, then you will have to set the subsystem linker flag to CONSOLE, as mkaes pointed out in his comment.  To do so (in Visual Studio 2010):

*

*Right click on your Project in the Solution Explorer.

*Click 'Properties' at the bottom of the list that pops up.

*In the navigation list on the left, expand 'Linker' and click on 'System'.

*The first variable in the list should be labeled 'SubSystem'.

*Click on the dropdown for this variable, and select 'Console (/SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE)'

*Apply the settings and run your project again.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Phil Hare voted Yea (Passage) on this Legislation-Concurrent Resolution.
Vote to adopt a concurrent resolution that would disapprove of the decision of President George W. Bush to deploy more than 20,000 additional United States combat troops to Iraq.
Expresses support of the United States Armed Forces who are serving or have served in Iraq.
Expresses disapproval of the decision made by President George W. Bush and announced on January 10, 2007, to deploy more than 20,000 additional United States combat troops to Iraq.


text:
Home » NYT Bestselling author Brigid Kemmerer & OMP's own Anna Bright
NYT Bestselling author Brigid Kemmerer & OMP's own Anna Bright
Brigid Kemmerer, the New York Times bestselling author of A CURSE SO DARK AND LONELY, returns to One More Page to share her latest contemporary YA novel, CALL IT WHAT YOU WANT. She'll be joined by our own Anna Bright (THE BEHOLDER). Don't miss these fabulous authors sharing their writing tips, world building techniques, and probably some inside jokes.
CALL IT WHAT YOU WANT (publishing June 25 -- pre-order here)
New York Times bestselling author Brigid Kemmerer pens a new emotionally compelling story about two teens struggling in the space between right and wrong. In her compulsively readable storytelling, Brigid Kemmerer pens another captivating, heartfelt novel that asks the question: Is it okay to do something wrong for the right reasons?
When his dad is caught embezzling funds from half the town, Rob goes from popular lacrosse player to social pariah. Even worse, his father's failed suicide attempt leaves Rob and his mother responsible for his care. Everyone thinks of Maegan as a typical overachiever, but she has a secret of her own after the pressure got to her last year. And when her sister comes home from college pregnant, keeping it from her parents might be more than she can handle.
When Rob and Maegan are paired together for a calculus project, they're both reluctant to let anyone through the walls they've built. But when Maegan learns of Rob's plan to fix the damage caused by his father, it could ruin more than their fragile new friendship . . .
THE BEHOLDER (publishing June 4 -- pre-order here)
"Sparkles with beauty, intrigue, and romance." --Kiera Cass, #1 New York Times bestselling author of the Selection series
Selah has waited her whole life for a happily ever after. As the only daughter of the leader of Potomac, she knows her duty is to find the perfect match.
But after an excruciatingly public rejection, Selah's stepmother suggests an unthinkable solution: Selah must set sail across the Atlantic to visit a series of potential suitors--and if she doesn't come home engaged, she shouldn't come home at all. From the gardens of England to the fjords of Norge, Selah's quest will be the journey of a lifetime. But her stepmother's schemes aren't the only secrets hiding belowdecks...and the stakes of her voyage may be higher than any happy ending.
Lush landscapes, dazzling romance, and captivating intrigue await in this stunning alternate historical YA debut--perfect for fans of The Selection or Caraval.
Saturday, June 29, 2019 - 3:00pm to 4:00pm
Call It What You Want (Hardcover)
By Brigid Kemmerer
Published: Bloomsbury YA - June 25th, 2019
The Beholder (Hardcover)
By Anna Bright
Published: HarperTeen - June 4th, 2019


text:
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Tenali Raman and the Wrestler
English, Tenali Raman
Tenali Raman is one of the great poets or Vikatakavis in the court of the great king Krishnadevaraya. He was also known as one of the Navarathnas or the nine gems in the court of Krishnadevaraya. He was known for his incredible wit and intelligence. There are hundreds of stories which talk about his witty encounters and how he teaches people a lesson when they try to do something wrong. This story is called as "Tenali Raman and the Wrestler". I hope you will enjoy it.
Story of Tenali Raman and the Wrestler
One day, a great wrestler came to the kingdom of King Krishnadevaraya. He was huge, much larger than any man in the kingdom. All his muscles were bulging out and he looked very scary.
He said to the King, "My King, I am the strongest man in the world. I am ready to challenge anyone in your kingdom. I dare any of your wrestlers to beat me in a competition. If I win everyone, you must agree that there is no one in this Kingdom as strong as I am."
The King agreed and said, "You shall face my strongest wrestlers tomorrow."
The King called all the wrestlers in the Kingdom. The moment they took a look at the man, they began to shiver. The wrestler was much bigger than any of them.
The chief wrestler said, "My King, we cannot challenge him in anything and win. He is much bigger and stronger than any of us. In a fight, he would kill us. He can lift heavier and can also throw farther than any of us. We would lose badly."
The King became worried, "Is there no one in this kingdom who can save the honour of Vijayanagar? Can no one beat this man?"
Tenali Raman came forward and said, "I wish to challenge the wrestler tomorrow."
Everyone started to laugh. Tenali Raman was small and had no muscles. He had never trained for a fight. The wrestler would carry him and throw him out.
The King said, "Silence! You can all laugh but Tenali Raman is the only one who is willing to make a challenge."
The next day, Tenali Raman came with a large bucket to the arena. The bucket was covered completely.
Tenali Raman said, "Oh Great wrestler, I wish to challenge you! I will do something with my eyes closed which you should do with your eyes open. Do you agree?"
The wrestler began to laugh and said, "Are you sure? You are so small and puny."
Tenali Raman said, "I shall repeat my challenge. I will do something with my eyes closed which you should do with your eyes open. Do you agree?"
The wrestler and the audience began to laugh loudly. If Tenali Raman could do something with his eyes closed, the wrestler could easily do it with his eyes open.
Tenali Raman opened the bucket and it was filled with sand. He sat down in a chair and called his servant. His servant lifted the bucket and threw the sand straight at Tenali's face. Since his eyes were closed, Tenali was not injured.
Tenali opened his eyes and wiped his face. He then said to the wrestler, "Now it is your turn. You must keep your eyes open and the sand will be thrown at your face."
The wrestler was shocked. There was no way he could keep his eyes open. If the sand entered his eyes, he would go blind.
The wrestler laughed loudly and said, "I concede defeat, Tenali Raman. You are stronger than me!"
Moral of the Tenali Raman story
With wit and intelligence, you can get out of any situation!
Tenali Raman and the body builderTenali Raman and the Wrestler
The Camel's crooked neck
What does the pot contain
The four fools


text:
Remembering Toni Morrison
Joan Bertin (former executive director, NCAC), Toni Morrison, Fran Lebowitz
"The thought that leads me to contemplate with dread the erasure of other voices, of unwritten novels, poems whispered or swallowed for fear of being overheard by the wrong people, outlawed languages flourishing underground, essayists' questions challenging authority never being posed, unstaged plays, canceled films—that thought is a nightmare. As though a whole universe is being described in invisible ink."
–Toni Morrison, Burn This Book
NCAC mourns the death of Nobel laureate and Pulitzer Prize winner Toni Morrison, who passed away on Monday, August 5, 2019, at the age of 88.
"The world has lost a pioneering author and an eloquent advocate for free expression," NCAC Executive Director Chris Finan said.
In Beloved, The Bluest Eye, and Song of Solomon, Morrison gave a voice to the voiceless and forced readers to confront the impact of slavery, racism, and violence. Her works are a treasured part of the literary canon and a staple of English curriculums in part for their honest depictions of the black experience in America.
It is because Morrison's books are so powerful that they are among the most frequently challenged titles in schools across the country, often because of their sexual content. In defending them, NCAC has urged critics to consider her books as a whole. She introduces readers to the complexity of her black characters, including their sensuality, and requires us to think about sexual violence as one of the many forms of oppression they endure.
Morrison spoke out against censorship frequently during her career. In 2009, she edited Burn This Book: PEN Writers Speak Out About the Power of the Word, a collection of essays about censorship. Shortly after its publication, she was the guest of honor at an NCAC event. In conversation with author Fran Lebowitz, she discussed the history of censorship, its sources, and its consequences.
Above all, she urged people to see that in defending authors threatened by censorship we are protecting our own freedom:
"How bleak, unlivable, insufferable existence becomes when we are deprived of artwork. That the life and work of writers facing peril must be protected is urgent, but along with that urgency we should remind ourselves that their absence, the choking off of a writer's work, its cruel amputation, is of equal peril to us. The rescue we extend to them is a generosity to ourselves." (Burn This Book)
Reflections on Book Censorship, circa 2009
Toni Morrison won the Nobel Prize for Literature, the Pulitzer Prize for fiction, the National…
A Conversation with Toni Morrison
For the inauguration of the Free Speech Leadership Council, Toni Morrison and Fran Lebowitz discuss…
Effort to Ban Toni Morrison Classic Fails in Arizona
Gilbert, Arizona was a censorship flashpoint last year, when the school board tried to remove…
Indiana school board to review Toni Morrison's "Song of Solomon"
As we reported in our latest edition of Censorship News, Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison's…
Launching the Free Speech Leadership Council: A Conversation with Toni Morrison
This Wednesday, June 3, National Coalition Against Censorship's launches the Free Speech Leadership Council with…
NCAC Executive Director Joan Bertin, Toni Morrison, Fran Lebowitz at the Free Speech Leadership Council launch
Click on the photo to see more photo's from last night's Conversation with Toni Morrison,…
Read 'Em and Weep: Quotes from a Real, Live Book Censorship Debate over Toni Morrison's "The Bluest Eye"
The following may inspire tears of pride and/or rage, depending on your disposition. They are…
The Inaugural Event of the Free Speech Leadership Council of the National Coalition Against Censorship…
NCAC's Book Censorship Action Kit
If you are embroiled in a censorship controversy, this is the resource for you. NCAC's…
By NCAC|2019-08-07T10:59:57-04:00August 6th, 2019|Blog|


text:
Kodak, HP End Photofinishing Venture
Eastman Kodak Co. and Hewlett-Packard Corp. are dissolving a joint venture to develop retail photofinishing for digital camera photographers that was supposed to generate more than $500 million in new revenue by 2005.
The world's biggest photography company and the computer giant said Wednesday they will no longer invest in San Diego-based Phogenix Imaging, which was developing digital inkjet photofinishing mini-labs for retail use.
Both companies agreed to terminate the three-year venture before any mini-labs were installed commercially.
"It's great technology, but it simply doesn't offer the return on investment that either company would like," said Kodak spokesman Charles Smith.
H-P will focus more on the home-printing and digital camera markets, company spokeswoman Jennifer Boggs said.
The photofinishing machines aimed to make photo-processing services more affordable and widely available. As envisioned, the products would have been less expensive and more compact than traditional systems to encourage nontraditional outlets such as department stores to open photo counters.
Kodak's president and chief operating officer, Antonio M. Perez, helped establish the Phogenix research when he worked at Hewlett-Packard.


Stairway to Heaven follows the yellow line up the top edges of the fins of rock.
On Sunday, after running the Federal Cup 5K, and previously climbing Swanson's Arete, I co-led a rock climbing graduation climb for 2 of my CMC Boulder's Basic Rock Climbing students, Jack and Shawn.
Mike, the senior instructor and trip leader, picked the perfect grad climb: Stairway to Heaven (5.3). It is a fun climb with a few mild but interesting challenges. I was excited to climb something new and in a more remote location. On a pretty day like today, there was bound to be scads of climbers on Flatirons 1-5!
Also, I was super happy Andy climbed with us. He assisted with belay transfers, which greatly improved our ascent efficiency. He also helped me to communicate with Mike, who was way out in lead. Thanks, Andy!
The day after climbing Swanson's Arete, I competed in the 2012 Federal Cup 5K Race. It's an annual event, with participation from various federal agencies in Denver. TRICARE TRI-UMPHANTS are the reigning champs, so I was excited to be part of the team in defense of our title.
I was pretty worn out from climbing the stairs up the side of the Redgarden formation, so I wasn't expecting to win (like I did last year!). I ended up getting 7th place out of 105 women and 2nd place out of the 33 women in my age category, with a time of 22:55 (7:23 min/mile pace). Not too shabby, but definitely short of my goal (under 22 minutes).
The crux of the race was the incessant rain. My poneytail was totally soaked and it kept thwapping me in the face, which wasn't all that pleasant! However, I felt very comfortable running in the cold. It was a nice contrast to the heat from the year prior. All in all a superb event and I'm glad I ran.
On Friday, I led a CMC (Colorado Mountain Club) climb up Swanson's Arete on the Redgarden formation. Jeffrey and I had now each led the first pitch up the West Chimney. We had it dialed and we were eager beavers for the summit.
I am an assistant instructor for the Colorado Mountain Club's Basic Rock Climbing School. Our first outside field trip was to the Flatironette in Boulder, CO. It's a tiny flatiron rock formation which is situated just in front of the first flatiron. It is a perfect place to take people who are new to climbing. It has very mellow 2 pitch climbs, with no rappel. The only serious issue is the exposure of being up high. Thankfully, none of our students had a debilitating fear of heights!
On Friday, Dennis and I celebrated our 9th Anniversay (albeit 6 months late!) by flying in a Hot Air Balloon. When I was thinking of something romantic to do for our special day, a colleague of mine (who is a Balloon Chaser) recommended we fly with Fair Winds Hot Air Balloon Flights.
We arrived at the field, in the north part of Boulder, at 5:45am. We were treated to a delicious smorgas board of treats, coffee, juice, and milk. Then, the crew started inflating the balloon. It was super cool watching everybody working together to get it inflated. We had a pre-flight introduction and brief, where Jeff (pilot & owner) explained to us the protocol of flight. We were all very excited.
The flight went insanely smooth. It is seriously the most calming experience! The Front Range was a swath of snow covered peaks, laid out in front of us. The town of Boulder and the CU campus were equally as neat, from our perch a couple thousand feet up.
After the flight, we got tee-shirts, champagne, a commemorative photo, and a goodie basket. I would highly recommend flying with Fair Winds, they are a locally run and operated company who have top notch customer care. Even though we were in the basket with 6 other people, we felt like it was a private tour.
A big thanks to Jim for suggesting we try riding in a Hot Air Balloon. It was an unforgettable experience!
You are currently browsing the climbergirl blog blog archives for May, 2012.


Today we have to say good bye to Yellowstone, but we don't want to just head straight to the HWY and go south, we choose the route through the Park. We visit the Midway Basin on our way: the geysers through high columns of steam in the air in which the colors of the bacteria fields and the turquoise water reflect – a fantastic scenery once more. Then we head towards the South Exit of Yellowstone National Park. We stop a few more times along Lewis River to let our eyes feast on the colors of the meadows and watch out for moose.
Just south of Yellowstone is the Grand Teton National Park with its 13,000 feet (3,900 Meter) plus peaks and Jackson and Jenny Lake which lay just in front of the peaks and all of it framed in golden colored aspen trees! Unfortunately, there is a managed fire further south and therefore the whole valley is hazy with lingering smoke, so we don't take as many pictures as we would have liked and hoped to.
We drive on HWY 89 south through beautiful Wyoming. We are driving through Geneva, Montpellier, are passing Bern and even visit Paris (this one has a population of only about 200). This whole part of Wyoming is dominated by cattle farming. The farms are mostly well maintained and spread through out the valley – a beautiful sight. At some point we even have to stop for some cowboys on their horses guiding their cows along the road.
We stay on HWY 89 all the way to Bingham City north of Salt Lake City. We quickly take a detour to watch the sunset and get eaten up by mosquitos. Then Marco drives all the way through Ogden, Salt Lake City and Provo to Nephi where we arrive at about 9:30pm after driving more than 500 miles. We stay at a lousy Motel 6, have a bite to eat at Burger King and then hit the pillow.


My name is Paul Hartwig. I'm an Emmy winner and had an award-winning film at Sundance. I studied at Berklee College of Music and was signed with Atlantic Records. I have studios in Woodland Hills, CA.
. Grandfather's Birthday - Emmy winner for Best Original Score. The short received 22 other international awards.
. Bearwalker - Sundance Film Festival Native American feature film award winner.
. Additional music for the MGM TV show "She Spies"
I appreciate your time and attention. If you'd like to meet I'd be happy to!
Film (Crime) Composer Maria becomes daddy's little girl very quickly only to see him killed in cold blood on her tenth birthday. She vows to avenge his killer.
Film (Mystery) Composer The story follows a downtrodden but determined man who seeks work as a magician's assistant and soon realizes that the world of magic reveals more surprises than he could ever have imagined.
Film (Drama, Horror and Thriller) Composer 5 months after Jack Anderson and Jonathan Franco were attacked by Cody and Amanda, Jack and his thought to be dead girlfriend move to Massachusetts to start a new life in a new school. Soon after their arrival, things begin to happen in a much to familiar way. A new ghostface killer has risen. This time...it's personal.
Television (Short and Horror) Composer Follows Erik, Jason, and Dre in a series of bone-chilling vignettes. Who will get out alive?
Film (Horror) Composer 3 friends gather together to throw an old fashion Slumber Party like they did in the old days. They begin to tell each other scary stories to liven up the fun. But the fun is leading to something a bit more sinister.
Film (Documentary, Short, Drama, News and 1 More) Composer Diagnosed with two, micro-rare, fatal blood diseases, All-American, All-Ivy, Princeton University football star, Jordan Culbreath battles life and death with the hope of recovery and a miraculous return to football.


Jackpot for each one of them.
want, before switching over and playing for real money.
security documentation to verify the accuracy of their account information.
To deposit funds, bettors must make sure to log in to a valid account to access the options.
they will be able to add the amount they wish to spend. It's easy as pie.
mobile, so bettors never miss the opportunity to play wherever they are.


text:
Dame Kiri Janette Te Kanawa () este o cântăreață de operă din Noua Zeelandă de origine maoră.

Biografie

A debutat în 1971 la Covent Garden în rolul contesei Almaviva din Nunta lui Figaro. În anii următori a cântat la operle din Chicago, Paris, Sydney, Viena, La Scala, San Francisco, München și Köln.

În anii 80 apare vestita înregistrare a piesei musicale West Side Story sub bagheta lui Leonard Bernstein, în care Kiri Te Kanava cîntă rolul Mariei alături de José Carreras. În legătură cu această înregistrare există și un film documentar.

Din 1982 Kiri Te Kanawa poartă titlul de Dame Commander of The Order of the British Empire.

În ultimul timp s-a consacrat popularizări muzicii populare maori, a populației autohtone din Noua Zeelandă.

Note

Legături externe
 Kiri Te Kanawa Discogs discography
 Kiri Te Kanawa operadis opera discography recordings
 Kiri Te Kanawa Michael Storrs Music management

 Kiri Te Kanawa Foundation NZ based charitable trust
 Interview with Kiri Te Kanawa and Sir John Pritchard by Bruce Duffie, 19 December 1987

Nașteri în 1944
Nașteri  pe 6 martie
Cântăreți de operă
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Muzicieni neozeelandezi
Neozeelandezi în viață
Soprane


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A selection of free-to-use (ie public domain or copyright-free) hymns and song suggestions, based on themes from the Roman Catholic lectionary for the feast of the Baptism of the Lord / 1st Sunday of Ordinary Time, Year A.
First: Isaiah - The Lord says "Here is my servant ... that he may bring true justice to the nations ... he does not cry our shout aloud ... Faithfully he brings true justice .. I the Lord have called you to serve the cause of right ..."
Psalm 28 : The Lord will bless his people with peace / O give the Lord you sons of God / The Lord's voice resounding on the water / The God of glory thunders.
Second: Acts : God does not have favourites: his word was sent to the people of Israel - but Jesus Christ is the Lord of all ... because God was with him, Jesus went about doing good and curing all who had fallen to the power of the devil.
Gospel: Matthew - John baptizes Jesus - the heaven opened and he saw the Spirit of God descend on him like a dove ... "this is my Son, the beloved: my favour rests on him".
Mary - mother of Jesus and Mother of God. God's blessing. Peace.


The win has been claimed as the largest ever in the UK since the recent government law change that has meant the multiple jackpot linked machines in casinos can now offer the chance to win an incredible amount of up to £20,000.
Patricia won an outstanding £18,265.49 on the Fort Knox jackpot; a progressive jackpot which allows for a big prize pool to continuously accumulate as people play the slots. Players can bet a minimum of just 20p and be in with a chance of winning up to £20,000.
A three month government consultation that took place last October, confirmed the maximum stake and prize limits of some gaming machines in Great Britain have changed. It is the biggest change in the gambling law since The Gambling Act 2005.
The Gambling Commission regulates gambling in the public interest alongside its co-regulators local licensing authorities; both responsible for licensing and regulating all gambling in Great Britain.
Previously, the casino offered a jackpot of £4,000. Now extending that to up to £20,000, Aspers Casino offers a new gaming experience to the town of Northampton with more chances to win.
"I could not believe it" – said the lucky winner who inserted several pounds in the Fort Knox machine but it was her 40p stake which blown the jackpot.
After the pay out the Fort Knox jackpot went down to £10,000.00 and it's continuously going up, awaiting another winner. The maximum it can go up to is £20,000.00.
The amount won this week at Aspers Casino Northampton is very likely to be the biggest in the country. The biggest so far was the 7th March £18,096 which was the first jackpot over £18k, hit at the biggest casino in the country, Aspers Casino in Stratford, London.


I'm curious... has there ever been a comparison of the veil of Veronica with the manoppello which lines up with the shroud of Turin?
The comparison is at the center of the arguments in favor of the authenticity of the Shroud.
I did not know that. And I once, long ago, was quite up on things Sindological. At the center, you say?
Yes, there was a cloth that was displayed as the alleged cloth of St Veronica in the 8th and 9th centuries, a detailed analysis seems to indicate that this cloth and the Shroud of Turin are the exact same thing.
A detailed analysis of the Shroud indicates that it spent a long time folded up in such a way that only the face was seen. This was discovered by closely examining the shroud and noticing that it has creases which would indicate that it spent a lot of time being folded in a certain way. The pattern of the creases was fed into a mathematical computer simulation to determine how it would have been folded (because the shroud itself is much too fragile to actually fold it along the creases) and it was determined the creases indicate that it was at one time folded in exactly the same way that the alleged cloth of St. Veronica was known to have been displayed. The connection between the two things was striking and unexpected by researchers.
The general thrust of this I understand. But that the manoppello image was closely aligned with the Shroud is somewhat...new to me. The idea that the folded Shroud itself might have been the Mandylion/Image of Edessa resonates in my mind. It was in Ian WIlson's book, IIRC. But all this was long ago, all but 2-3 books are packed away, and I last exchanged posts (correcting errors) on the subject maybe 5 years ago.
IIRC, the blood type (AB-) matched as well.
Some stories have alluded to Saint Veronica being present at the beheading of Saint John the Baptist.
Prayer to Saint Veronica: O my Jesus, Saint Veronica served You on the way to Calvary by wiping Your beloved face with a towel on which Your sacred image than appeared.


I was so proud in 2015 to be part of Free A Girl and Lock Me Up in Amsterdam and raise funds to free young children from forced prostitution world wide, especially in India(my ancestors were born there).
Please go to my landing page at Free a Girl and Donate if you like but you can also view Auctions and maybe bid on items im auctioning to raise funds.
My contribution was a few hundred euro's however my "imprisonment" that day couldn't help to release 1 child worldwide living in cage like rooms forced into prostitution whos bodies are being violated by adults as it Isnt enough, it costs €1050 per child.
After that there's costs to to revalidate and educate them but also put in reliable Foster Care or in Safe Homes.
You can If you like donate to these young children via my Fund Raising page, just €1 or $, anything please.
I will be putting up Auctions to sell my own beautiful Vintage, Vegan & CrueltyFree items you have seen me wear on my Instagram or Shopstyle which for eg this Crueltyfree Bag, yessss i am auctioning this rare straw/wood bag made in Italy!
You can also bid on this Beautiful Vintage Rain Jacket/ WindBreaker from Milo which i wore on the Frano Tudman bridge in Dubrovnik, Croatia. This medieval city where Game of Thrones, Star Wars and Robin Hood were filmed will also be the location for and the next James Bond movie in 2018. I cant wait. Offcourse all proceeds will go directly to Free A Girl as you will be bidding on their website however i will be sending you these rare fashion items myself.
Click here below to help Free A Girl please. Anything will do thank you.


Azula And Chan. . Wallpaper and background images in the Avatar le dernier maître de l'air club tagged: photo.
Azula, I don't care if you're crazy and awkward! I WANT YOU!!!!!!!!!! I've had a crush on her since I was 13 or 14 and I've wanted her ever since! She's one of my animated crushes!
Really? I've also loved her since 13. She's the character that made me realize that I loved crazy characters.


The Council of the Village of Riverlea met on the above date at 230 W Riverglen Drive, Riverlea. The following Council members were present: Michael A. Blanchard, Jenny D. Jones, Eric A. MacGilvray, Josh Schoenberger, and Jacalyn Slemmer. Also present were Joshua C. Mehling, Clerk-Treasurer and L. Leah Reibel, Solicitor. At 6:00 pm MacGilvray called the meeting to order.
In the absence of the Mayor and President of Council, Blanchard moved and Slemmer seconded the motion to nominate MacGilvray as President Pro-Tem for the meeting. The votes on the motion were as follows: Yay, 4: Jones, MacGilvray, Schoenberger, and Slemmer. Nay, 0. Abstain, 1: MacGilvray. The motion passed (4-0-1).
Jones introduced Ordinance 06-2015, An Ordinance Declaring the Necessity of Issuing Bonds, Submitting the Question to the Electors of the Village, and Declaring an Emergency.
The Solicitor explained that the Franklin County Auditor's office had rejected the Village's request for certification of the millage necessary to fund the $7 million infrastructure project. She had worked with Dennis Schwallie, Bond Counsel with Dinsmore & Shohl, to rework the language in a format that would satisfy the county. MacGilvray requested clarification on the process that Council had taken to approve the bond issue and the general fund increase. He questioned the $7 million figure, given that the estimates from Burgess & Niple had previously stated that $6.2 million was the cost for the highest proposed plan. The Clerk Treasurer replied that Jim Dippel had submitted revised costs for the project based upon the start of construction in 2016, vs. 2014, upon which the earlier numbers were based.
MacGilvray also questioned why the Council had decided to ask residents for the full $7 million, given that it expected to receive assistance with funding from the state. He did not know whether having funding fully lined up would be a liability in requesting this assistance. He asked whether anyone on Council had asked this question of anyone at MORPC. Slemmer mentioned that the Mayor had spoken with representatives from MORPC, but he was not in attendance at the meeting. MacGilvray expressed concerns that going to voters to request more funding than was needed may harm the chances of passage. Schoenberger asked whether the infrastructure project could be funded for a smaller amount. MacGilvray replied that while initial estimates varied based on the amount of work performed, in order to complete the desired projects, that was the amount of estimated costs. He stated that another variable would be the amount of funding received by the state, which was unknown. The Solicitor suggested that if Council was not comfortable voting on the measure, they could postpone and schedule another meeting after answering these questions. In order to keep the timeline on schedule to get the issue on the ballot, Council agreed to schedule a special meeting on Monday, July 27 at 7:00.
Schoenberger moved and Blanchard seconded the motion to table the ordinance until the next special meeting. The motion passed unanimously (4-0). Jones had left the meeting before this vote.
There being no further business, Schoenberger moved and Blanchard seconded the motion to adjourn. The motion was approved unanimously (4-0) Jones had left the meeting before this vote. The meeting was adjourned at 6:35 pm.


text:
package sword.langbook3.android.controllers;

import android.os.Parcel;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import sword.langbook3.android.db.AlphabetId;
import sword.langbook3.android.db.CorrelationParceler;
import sword.langbook3.android.db.ImmutableCorrelation;
import sword.langbook3.android.db.ImmutableCorrelationArray;
import sword.langbook3.android.db.LanguageId;
import sword.langbook3.android.db.LanguageIdParceler;
import sword.langbook3.android.presenters.Presenter;

import static sword.langbook3.android.util.PreconditionUtils.ensureNonNull;

public final class AddAlphabetCorrelationPickerController extends AbstractCorrelationPickerController {

    @NonNull
    private final LanguageId _alphabetLanguage;

    public AddAlphabetCorrelationPickerController(
            @NonNull LanguageId alphabetLanguage,
            @NonNull ImmutableCorrelation<AlphabetId> texts) {
        super(texts);
        ensureNonNull(alphabetLanguage);
        _alphabetLanguage = alphabetLanguage;
    }

    @Override
    void complete(@NonNull Presenter presenter, int requestCode, @NonNull ImmutableCorrelationArray<AlphabetId> selectedOption) {
        new AddAlphabetMatchingBunchesPickerController(_alphabetLanguage, selectedOption)
                .fire(presenter, requestCode);
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        LanguageIdParceler.write(dest, _alphabetLanguage);
        CorrelationParceler.write(dest, _texts);
    }

    public static final Creator<AddAlphabetCorrelationPickerController> CREATOR = new Creator<AddAlphabetCorrelationPickerController>() {

        @Override
        public AddAlphabetCorrelationPickerController createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
            final LanguageId language = LanguageIdParceler.read(source);
            final ImmutableCorrelation<AlphabetId> texts = CorrelationParceler.read(source).toImmutable();
            return new AddAlphabetCorrelationPickerController(language, texts);
        }

        @Override
        public AddAlphabetCorrelationPickerController[] newArray(int size) {
            return new AddAlphabetCorrelationPickerController[size];
        }
    };
}


text:
Honor society presents literary forum
March 1, 2014 12:00 am by Ameer Brown
The Beta Delta Chapter of Lambda Iota Tau National Honor Society hosted the second day of its sixth annual LIT Spring Literary Forum on Friday.
The forum featured Bernard Bell, a professor emeritus at Pennsylvania State University, as the keynote speaker.
This year's event was themed "The African-American Novel: Text and Context."
According to Lisa Gault, chapter president of the honor society, the essence of the annual event was to bridge the gap between professors, students and experts in the field of a particular literary genre.
"This year's theme is African-American novel," Gault said. "So we have several generations and perspectives coming together to discuss and celebrate with us."
The event allowed multiple generations to converse through panel discussions, presentations, songs and re-enactments.
Bell stressed the importance of understanding the language, mentality and attitude of a particular era before accepting the messages in literature, film and music as truths in our own lives.
He said that in order for one to truly have a high level of "authenticity, authority and agency" about a particular cultural era or racial dynamic, people must have experienced it for themselves.
"People who live the racial, ethnic, class and gender experiences in which they write, are capable of expressing more subtle, ironic, and parodic levels of authenticity, authority and agency," Bell said.
According to Bell, in modern literature and film, the African-American perspective is being misrepresented due to greed and the lack of understanding. Bell wants students to have a true understanding of African-American novel so they will be able to realize when things aren't correct.
"We shouldn't adopt popular opinion when it comes to African-American literature," Gault said. "We need to have our own approach and not just use media interpretations to make judgments."
The forum also included presentations from professors in the history, political science and education departments.
Assistant professor of history Ameenah Shakir gave a panel discussion titled "The Beginning of Womanhood: Rebecca Crumpler and Medical Discourses."
Shakir traced the origins of African-American women's medical activism from 1864-1883, which provided treatment for infectious diseases and critiqued limited financial support from the Freedman's Bureau for former enslaved Africans.
Shakir was grateful for the opportunity to present to a large audience.
"I appreciate the LIT forum for including my work as a part of the larger conversation about the significance of black women's activism," Shakir said. "I think it's awesome that they provide FAMU students and faculty a place and space to present their work on important themes in African-American literature."


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Home / SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH / Writing Skills for Science and Technology, Elementary Level, First Edition
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Writing Skills for Science and Technology, Elementary Level, First Edition
Writing Skills for Science and Technology, Elementary Level, First Edition quantity
Category: SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH
Professor Suleiman Mazyad
Writing Skills for Science and Technology, Elementary Level, is designed for learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) who study scientific and technical English, as well as for those who work or are interested in these fields.
The underlying philosophy of the book is the author's conviction that basic organizational skills and modes of communication need to be taught at a very early stage to all students, regardless of whether they are native or non-native speakers of a language. Putting off this crucial concept until grammatical mastery has been achieved results, in my view, in the acquiring of a narrow focus on language which becomes difficult to rectify later in their careers when students are expected to produce samples of extended writing that communicate coherently. Remember: since Chomsky in the 1950s, grammar is not language; grammar is merely a description of the way most native speakers use the language.
To this end, early on the text adopts an approach to meaningful writing using step-by-step explanations and exercises that guide the student towards the desired goals. This is done by teaching the mechanics of writing; sentence structure; kinds of sentences; describing dimensions and properties; and writing a paragraph. Then students are taught to write in seven practical and academic writing formats: Definitions, Classification, Processes and Procedures, Describing Experiments, Comparing, Contrasting, and Cause and Effect.
Examples illustrating the use of the language pattern being examined are presented in boxes along with relevant explanations. These are followed by a wide variety of stimulating topics and exercises that develop the writing skills of students. In the first four units, focus is placed primarily on writing correct sentences. Then the book focuses on expanding those writing skills by writing about various practical and academic endeavours that ultimately lead to writing connected scientific and/or technical paragraphs. In addition, great care has been taken to maintain an appropriate level of vocabulary and simplicity of grammar so that the explanations, directions, and readings are all easily accessible for elementary and lower-intermediate students.
Unit 1 Mechanics
Unit 2 Sentence Structure
Unit 3 Kinds of Sentences
Unit 4 Describing Dimensions and
Unit 5 The Paragraph
Unit 6 Definitions
Unit 7 Classifying
Unit 8 Processes and Procedures
Unit 9 Describing Experiments
Unit 10 Comparing
Unit 11 Contrasting
Unit 12 Cause and Effect
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English for Sciences, Elementary Level, an Integrated Textbook, Third Edition
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English for Sciences, Intermediate Level, an Integrated Textbook, Third Edition