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What is the Opposite of Green? (Color Wheel & Complementary Color)
By 123Inspiration / September 12, 2022 November 20, 2022
If you're curious what is the opposite of green color is, you're in the right place. Let's dive into color theory, complementary colors, and opposites.
TL;DR? If you're short on time, here's a quick summary. In most cases, the opposite of green is red.
But this topic is a bit more complex than that. It involves color wheels, different color systems, and a sprinkling of science.
So, read on if you want to understand why red is the opposite of green (and when it isn't!).
The Color Green
The Color Green in the Subtractive & Additive Color Systems
Subtractive Color Mixing
Additive Color Mixing
Introducing the Color Wheel
What are Complementary Colors?
What is the Opposite of Green Color?
The Opposite of Green Light
What is the Color Magenta?
The color green is one of the most common colors, especially in the natural world.
Green can signify freshness, nature, and vivacity. It can also mean new beginnings, rebirth, and a fresh start. So, green is a vibrant color that's full of life.
But we sometimes use the color green to show jealousy, hence the phrase 'green with envy'. And it's even associated with evilness and villains like Disney's Maleficent.
And, of course, it comes in hundreds of shades, from zesty lime to dark forest green. Check out my detailed guide to 135 shades of green for inspiration.
While it's not a primary color, you can easily make green by mixing yellow and blue. That makes it a secondary color on the color wheel.
As mentioned above, green is a secondary color. That means you can mix two primary colors – blue and yellow – to make green.
That's according to the subtractive color system, i.e., for paints, pigments, and dyes. So, most people are familiar with subtractive color mixing.
But it's not the only color system out there. We should also consider the additive color system for mixing different colored lights.
When you mix different color paints together, you'll end up with black. That's because the other colors absorb all the wavelengths until all that's left is black.
Each time you add a new color, it absorbs this wavelength, which means you can't see that color anymore.
So, you're gradually left with fewer and fewer wavelengths bounced back to your eye. As a result, you're 'subtracting' the colors by mixing them. And that's where the subtractive color system gets its name.
But it works a little differently when we're talking about mixing colored light. When you mix lights of all different wavelengths (i.e., colors), you'll create white light.
We call this the additive system because you don't take away any of the wavelengths. So, while the eye can only see white light, all the wavelengths are still there.
In the additive color system, green is a primary color, along with red and blue. When you mix these three colors, they make white light.
When you mix green and red, you make yellow. And when you mix blue and green, you get cyan. The final secondary color in the additive color system is magenta.
A color wheel is a helpful tool for mixing colors according to the subtractive color system.
It shows you the primary, secondary, and tertiary colors and their relationships. So, artists need to know how to use the color wheel.
On the color wheel, you'll see the three primary colors, red, yellow, and blue. And between them, you'll see the colors you can make when you mix them. And finally, what you get when you mix each secondary color with a primary color.
Complementary colors are the ones found opposite each other on the color wheel. These colors normally have a high contrast and stand out against each other.
With complementary colors, you will have a warm color and a cool color. That's another reason why these colors look so bright and eye-catching when used together.
For example, blue and yellow are complementary colors. And purple and yellow are another pair of complementary colors.
Interestingly, when you mix two complementary colors together, you'll get black. Although in practice, this can often look more like brown if you're mixing paints.
And in the additive color system, you'll create white by mixing complementary colors. But the complementary colors differ depending on which system you're following.
If you look at a color wheel, you'll see that green is opposite the color red. If you're mixing subtractive colors like paints, red is the opposite of the color green.
Red and green can create a striking look when used together due to their high contrast. They are effective for creating blocks of complementary colors or in graphic design.
But you'll need to avoid mixing them if you're painting. When you mix red and green, you'll make a murky brown color.
These two colors are often thought of as Christmas colors. So, they can create a very festive feel, ideal for the holidays.
Both of these colors appear a lot in nature. For example, think of red flowers against a background of green leaves.
But they can also look great in branding and logos. A red and green combo works especially when for food brands or any time you want to create a bold, fresh look. It's energetic and eye-catching.
When we're considering the light spectrum, the answer is different. And it comes down to how we perceive color.
But first, a fun fact. Did you know that the color pink (or magenta) doesn't exist on the light spectrum? Instead, our brains see the color pink when there's a mix of blue and red wavelengths.
Red and violet are at opposite ends of the rainbow. But if we were to draw the rainbow as a color wheel, there would be a gap opposite the color green.
And that's where pink, or magenta, should be.
We can't see infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths that would go in this space.
So, instead, our brains process these colors at the opposite ends of the light spectrum as magenta.
But why is magenta the opposite color of green? Well, if you have white light and take away the green wavelengths, the result is magenta.
And that means in the additive color system, magenta is the opposite color of green – not red.
Magenta is a vibrant shade of pink. Some people consider magenta a purple shade, but it's really a very concentrated shade of pink.
Many people confuse the colors fuchsia and magenta, as they're very close. But magenta has more of a red tone and is brighter and more saturated.
It's one of the primary colors in the CMYK color model used by printers, alongside cyan and yellow.
You can make magenta paint by mixing red and blue paint in an equal ratio.
And when it comes to the light spectrum, magenta is a mix of red and blue wavelengths. Our brains combine these colors to create magenta. So, we see the color magenta, even though pink light technically doesn't exist.
So, now you should understand the two color systems – additive and subtractive.
And you'll know the opposite color of green according to each system. If we're talking about mixing paints, red is the color opposite of green in the color wheel.
These colors are well-known as opposite or complementary colors. You'll often find them used together, but especially at Christmas.
But according to the additive color system of the light spectrum, red isn't the opposite of green. Instead, the opposite color to green light is pink or magenta.
This information can help you understand how colors work, so it's useful for all artists.
Let me know if you have any questions in the comments below!
And follow on Pinterest for more tips & tricks for color mixing & theory.
123Inspiration
My name is Outmane, and I'm the artist behind 123Inspiration. I'm working to turn my passion for colors and art into a source of inspiration. I hope you enjoy my content as much as I enjoy offering them to you. Sincerely,
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How to Make Violet Blue Color
45 Things That Are Red in Nature (With Names, Facts and Pictures)
135 Shades of Green Color: A Comprehensive Guide with Names & Hex Codes
10 Butterfly Colors and Their Meanings (Symbolism)
Copyright © 2023 - 123 inspiration


Publishers in Taoyuan City, Taiwan: Directory of Taiwanese Publishers in Taoyuan City.
Displaying 1 to 1 of 1 Taiwanese publishing companies in the city of Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Global Education Enterprises Co Ltd.
Global Education publishes EFL children's book. We produce high quality Children's English learning text. Our Weego Series covers 18 levels from age 3-15. Series included: Student Book, Work Book, Phonics Book, Grammar Book, Story and Conversation Book.
1 publishers in Taoyuan City, Taiwan in the directory.


Song: Chinna Thamarai. Movie: Vettaikkaran. Follow me ➡ vijay_video_song_clips Hashtag: vijay_video_song_clips ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ vijay thalapathy thalapathyworld vijay_video_song_clips ilayathalapathy hero heroine actress actor movie image picture uhd hd stills vettikkaran chinnathamarai song ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ My Friends ⬇ dora_vijay d.dilakshanvijay vijay_hd_images otfc_official jaffer_vfc tamil_song_hits tamil_album_songs vijay_official thalapathy_quotes thalapathy_gayu thalapathy_uyire_rasigai ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ NOTE: I Do Not Own The CopyRight For The Music, Video & Song In This Video. This Video Is Purely For Entertainment Purpose And Not Meant For Monetization.
Motor 2 the Mothership !


Spring, summer and winter are explored in Alaska, along with the wildlife that thrive in its harsh conditions. In the opener, spring lights up the land and temperatures soar.
The short, unpredictable Alaskan summer is explored.
Alaska's extreme winters are explored.
There are no featured audience reviews yet. Click the link below to see what others say about Wild Alaska: Season 1!


If you want to go wire-free in the gym, wireless when running, on a bike ride or even cable-free on your commute and you like listening to your music loud, these Earbuds from JLab Audio are a very strong option to consider.
The sound is just as good as their predecessor, they're easier to charge, they won't get damaged by your sweat, and if they fit your ears, they won't fall out, no matter how aggressively you work out.
JLab Audio has done pretty well here, and the Epic Sport Wireless headphones are a great follow-up to the Epic2's — and in fact, we think that the new headphones replace the Epic2's as the best sports headphones under $100. They offer a nice design, top-tier comfort, and a great sound-quality — all at under $100. That's quite a feat.


Did you know that Matt Camron offerings professional rug cleaning services? That's right — we will even come to your house to assess the carpet and pick it up for your very own antique rug cleaning appointment.
We know how just how valuable the rugs are that you have in your house, so we approach these works of art with the utmost respect and expertise. However, there are three simple and straightforward rules to keep in mind as you live with an antique rug, and following these will ensure that you're always handling it with care.
1A good rule of thumb is to schedule a professional rug cleaning every three to five years. Where your rug or carpet falls on that spectrum depends on how much traffic it gets.
Always handle spills as soon as they happen, before washing the rug. Use a spoon to scoop up anything you can from the spill, whether liquid or solids. Blot with a paper towel until all moisture is removed.
A special tip: blot from the outside of the spill inward so you don't spread it further. Next step? Immediately call to have your rug cleaning service scheduled.
Say no to chemicals! Especially when you it comes to oriental rug cleaning. Steaming will also deplete the pile of any rug, and never, ever put it in a washing machine.
You can learn more about our rug cleaning services here, and always reach out with questions. We're happy to help you through the process.


The new Guild Wars 2 expansion Path of Fire released recently and the fans agree with the high scores. The biggest addition the new expansion broght (aside from the massive explorable area) is MOUNTS! Seriously though, every MMO has them and it maskes it SO much easier to cover ground, and there is a lot of it in the Path of Fire. You can check out our full review for the game here.
The acclaimed publisher and developer of GW2, ArenaNet has partnered with iam8bit to release the Guild Wars 2: Path of Fire orchestral soundtrack. Composed by the reknowened Maclaine Diemer, pre-orders for the collector's edition vinyl of Guild Wars 2: Path of Fire's soundtrack featuring amazing holographic album art – will go live later today.
Are you playing Guild Wars 2 or its new expansion? Tell us below!


When Aarhus hosts the Hempel Sailing World Championships in 2018 it will be for all 10 Olympic sailing classes plus Kitesurfing. It is going to be one of the largest sporting events ever in Denmark. During the event, Aarhus will be buzzing with excitement. Sailors from up against 100 nations will compete for Worlds medals and qualifying for the Olympics on the waves of Aarhus Bay. The new pier invites everyone to join the family-friendly activities. It will be a party for all ages and interests, with lots of action for both incarnated fans of sailing, and for those who are not yet familiar with the sport.
As a volunteer at the SWC2018 you will become a part of a unique community that will create a world-class event. The city, the venue and Aarhus Bay will be decked out and ready to celebrate. The SWC2018 is our opportunity to spread the joy, passion and sense of community that the world of sailing offers to a wider audience and visitors from all over the world. A total of 1,500 sailors from around 100 nations will come to Aarhus to compete for the Worlds medals and qualify for the Olympics in Tokyo 2020. Alongside the Worlds we will have a maritime public festival and activities for the whole family. Our goal is to reach 400,000 guests during the 14 days of the event.
Alongside the Worlds Aarhus 2018 we'll create a maritime folk festival. Therefore we need a lot of helping hands and volunteers with all kinds of different backgrounds. Both people with professional knowledge in sailing, but also volunteers who would like to contribute to a unique experience and a Maritime festival at shore. Here you'll find some of the volunteer tasks available: Alongside the Worlds Aarhus 2018 we'll create a maritime folk festival. Therefore we need a lot of helping hands and volunteers with all kinds of different backgrounds. Both people with professional knowledge in sailing, but also volunteers who would like to contribute to a unique experience and a Maritime festival at shore.


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Noel's desperate smurfs
LONDON - Noel's fans just continue shitting like High shitting pigeons. Gli uccellini rincoglioniti che scagazzano.
Another post about them... seriously they're the worst music fans I've ever heard, again: they don't even listen to what their idol says, they're totally blinded.
Sure there's also a language problem, as many people who speak a few English, can get less of the thousand things the media darling says.
By the way, he was right (he's not always wrong, of course) a couple of recent times when he insulted them. They're total idiots. Well everyone's got the fans he deserves... I'd prefer a few good ones.
This is lazy ass Noel Gallagher's new album... ready for the year 2020.
For his lack of inspiration, I suggest to take material from his fans bullshit... there's loads of stuff.
Let them comment and vent their jealousy. After all they should find a way to spend their time between 2 "solo" Noel's albums, that is at least 4-5 years. 2 years have already passed and recently he even said there are no albums on the cards.
last 3 Oasis albums: a few songs by Noel (last album in 2008), some by Liam, Andy, Gem
Noel "solo" in 2011 (with discarded songs from 2001 and 2004, co-written with Gem)
I noticed several times, this thing of the "Smurfs" makes them mad.... ahahahaha Showing their superficiality, it seems that above everything they care A LOT about names, mocking "Beady Eye" (not copied) and "Pretty Green copied from Paul Weller" (for their ignorance, High Flying Birds is copied too, from Jefferson Airplane).
The media always take very seriously, too seriously, what Liam says (as for the Justin Bieber sentence). Most of the times, they take some funny answer (to what journalists ask...) and make whole stories out of context.
This was just a joke by Liam... but they're always offended by the truth. In this case, Noel is short like a smurf... (like his idol Berlusconi) ...as Liam says: even Prince is taller than Noel ahahahaha
Also, they don't even notice the way Noel talks about Liam (they think Noel is an angel), with that twat attitude for years.
Recently, Noel: "Liam probably doesn't know what effeminate means"... sure Noel knows more about effeminate, always being on Grazia Magazine and singing in falsetto voice (his fans don't even know what it means) to reach the high notes.
He was referring to the Smiths, I remember well NOEL considered them "too gay"...
He always acts as he if he was more intelligent than others (years ago he was proud to be ignorant), when he can't even read or write a music score.
LIAM'S VOICE
There are still people slamming Liam's voice because it's not what it used to be.
Sure, Liam's voice is now BETTER. It's professional rock'n'roll (it doesn't need to be perfect) and not innocent as an unexperienced kid. He's singing more creatively and not as monotone as Noel told him to sing in Oasis. See that "pocket" in the new song, and just that "come on , show what you love now" is cooler than anything from Noel.
Also, there was Noel keeping a lower volume for Liam during the gigs, high for the instruments. Liam was always complaining about that.
Fans poiting out Liam's voice got worse, seem to forget how Noel's songs got worse... in many Oasis albums too. Nowhere near Definitely Maybe and Morning Glory. Maybe because the Griffiths were helping him... (Is there a reason why he's not playing many songs from those albums? why not Live Forever? Rock'n'Roll Star? Cigarettes and Alcohol? Slide Away? very defining songs... the whole first album was sung by Liam).
Many people talk without having been to a Beady Eye gig. Nobody complained, on the contrary the performances are better than Oasis in the last years. Beady Eye played Morning Glory and Rock'n'Roll Star last year, and they were great, sounded like Oasis with no difference. Noel's contribution in live shows was the backing vocals. You know, the girl with virgin voice singing behind.
Comparing Liam's with Noel's voice saying Noel's is better is totally idiotic. Liam has been singing hard for 20 years, Noel not really the same, he's no singer.
Liam is not performing his Oasis songs 'cause he knows Noel's songs were successful thanks to Liam too, and he wants to show it.
Those people are useless impotent midgets in their bathrobes who are simply jealous. What have they done?
They laugh about Liam. If he's really shite as those people say, it's clear the fall of a great one is the happiness of the mediocres.
Meanwhile, of course every article about Liam on general websites is full of negative comments from people who are no Oasis fans and don't know anything about the Gallaghers (apart from what they learn from the media). They spend a lot of time to comment (as if anyone cared about them). I hate some bands and of course I don't even read articles about them, commenting is not even in my fantasy.
I dislike Noel too but commenting about him is different, because it's about Oasis, and Noel is always telling lies about Liam and band mates.
I simply can't find any more cool songs in Noel's music, it's boring. Noel of 20 years ago would laugh at how he is today.
Noel fan: "I'd rather eat every once in a while in a good restaurant (Noels HFB) than have Beady Eye's crappy burgers every day".
Wow calling a good restaurant all those HFB discarded songs from 12 and 9 years ago, it's like eating expired food (not to mention the covers). I see the results in his fans comments... medicines are not even useful aymore.
Noel fans say Beady Eye can't make Noel music.
Sure, they can't make his same depressing music, we agree about that.
Noel's fans are talking shit that way hoping their companions won't buy the album. Then of course they'll buy it. All these "fans" hating Beady Eye will buy their album 'cause it's their songs making them feel cool.
Noel's clearly can't.
We will remember to do the same when Noel will find some other song from old sessions (co-written with Gem) and publish his second album in 2020.
There are people who seriously think Oasis would have existed without Liam. For the record, if a Martian is visiting, he should know Oasis was LIAM's band, who also gave the name Oasis, and was the frontman, singer, icon, etc. above all : heart and soul, forever. It's history, something you can't change.
Noel fan: "I think cigarettes and alcohol wouldve been a classic with or without liam."
Of course it would've been a classic: I mean Get It On, Cigs is copied from T Rex.
Pigeon: "Noel will continue to write those Oasis songs for HFB".
They'll continue to sound nowhere near Oasis, but covers.
It wasn't only Noel that created the "Oasis sound"... admitted by the same Noel. In an interview he was saying after the first 3 albums they largely changed their sound due to Andy and Gem as they are "indie kids at heart".
About picking sides, it was Noel DEFINING sides. Something like: everything on one side (Liam, Pretty Green, management, band members...even fans) and God on the other one. He was sure to be successful anyway (then he wasn't really THAT successful), being a media darling. And illuminati...
Liam understood the strategies of media... Noel told lies to promote his album.
Liam was not really serious when he said he could quit music if the album flops (he knows it won't flop), anyway there would be nothing strange in a 40 year old who has already been successful for a long time and taking a break, and he's still got the fashion and also cinema soon. What's Noel got?
Beady Eye dumped their (Noel's) management because it was terrible... Also, the label is big now, Columbia.
Noel fan calls "a bonus" the Oasis songs Noel plays... a bonus of 10 songs, half of the set.
And he had said he was going to play 3 only.
And he had said he was not going to play songs that were sung by Liam.
Just a few of many lies he told (see column on the right).
I often read (also from people who are no Oasis fans) that Liam "has no friends"... ahahahaha... (saying something against Noel = having no friends) ...apart from seeing Liam with many different people around, for their info, the one left alone is called Noel. It was Noel leaving Oasis (3 times), not the other way round.
That's why one should refer to Beady Eye as Oasis, and to the Birds as Noel.
"You wouldn't believe how many more friends Noel has than Liam. Noel is still in a stable marriage, too."
how many more friends has one with imaginary friends saying to the media he's always meeting people, who never meet him?
I wouldn't bet on that "stable marriage", as even Liam has Sara's number...
It's YEARS Liam is in a stable marriage, Noel 3 years later. And his wife hates his music. That's not a good point for a musician.
Noel alone is lost. One who isn't lost doesn't repeat he always meets former Oasis members (also his imaginary friend Gem) when he never does.
A Neapolital soul stealing things as Noel is the only one who was able to steal from a Neapolitan man, Pino Daniele... (Death of you and me from Je so' pazzo). Usually it's the other way round.
Pinoel Danoel... he's a good artist, but in the past he copied some songs... it's hilarious that Noel copied him.
About the new song they say: "I couldn't even listen to the whole song."
That's Noel's fans problem: they don't even listen.
more to add soon
20 years Creation-Oasis
Kasabian in Milan
BE orchestra, maestro +tour with brass
song of the summer 2013
new video for Soul Love
Beady Eye album leaking
BE album launch gig
lucky Daft Prick +BE cinema
BE 2nd positive review
Liam: there's no Hitler in Beady Eye
BE 1st review: album to be proud of
Milan più forte dei rosiconi
Beady Eye acoustic live
Noel's wife never saw him writing songs
Beckham retires from (played) football
Liam & Noel want Mancini to stay
sir Bradley Wiggins @ Giro d'Italia +Beady Milan
Beady Eye illuminati?
Alan McGee launches new record label
Beady Eye Start anew video
3rd Beady Eye song by song
Beady Eye ready for battle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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We were up at 4am for the long drive to Stirling on the first day of our holiday. Despite 3 stops we were banging on the door to the hotel just after midday. The drive was uneventful despite the dire warnings of doom on the motorway signs all the way from Birmingham – "Snow Forecast!". Yes snow was forecast, but not along the motorways where we were. OK I can accept that these information signs can be useful, but their use to drivers here in the UK is laughable, and my rants about their inaccuracy is a common occurrence in our house. Anyway we're on holiday, and today is our 27th wedding anniversary. After a quick lunch we commenced on charging around Stirling. The light was poor so I'm afraid the photos are a bit dire.
Stirling has been the centre of many battles, perhaps the most famous one that reverberates through Scottish history is that of Bannockburn. In 1314 the Scots led by Robert the Bruce was besieging the English holed up in Stirling Castle. The Scots attacked and routed a much larger relieving force led by Edward I. This allowed Robert the Bruce to consolidate his power in Scotland thereafter.
Stirling Castle stands proud atop a steep cliff of quarter-dolerite, dominating the low, wide valley below. There has probably been some sort of fortification here for thousands of year, but the brooding structure standing today is based upon a Norman Castle much altered over the years. Almost all the present buildings in the castle were constructed between 1490 and 1600, when Stirling was developed as a principal royal centre by the Stewart kings James IV, James V and James VI. And this was the centre of the Renaissance Court of the Stewarts, but it is still very much a fortress at heart.
Looking back at the fortress from the walls and looking over the Powder Magazines.
A couple of self-portraits in stone. I'm sure weve've never been here befre but the likeness is uncanny!
Looking towards the Wallace Monument with Robert the Bruce in the foreground.
I felt like I was there. Love the snow on the tops, and the brooding skies. Ah, the memories!
Thanks Annie. We've driven past a few times, but decided to stop the night this time.
I've never stayed there but visited several times. Love the place!
Photos definitely not dire, you do brooding clouds like no other, hope . Karen was happy with you spending all that time on your blog on your anniversary!


Slow typers might have the right idea: Typing with one hand can help you produce higher quality writing, a new study from the British Journal of Psychology suggests.
In the study, college students who typed essays with one hand made more sophisticated word choices than when they used both hands. They choose synonyms and used less common words more frequently, according to the research.
This might be because typing with one hand slows you down, which gives you more time to find and access a larger number of words in your mind, explains study author Srdan Medimorec, Ph.D. (c), of the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada.
Choosing the perfect word can enable you to introduce and discuss more new ideas, which leads to higher quality writing, he adds.
Plus, it makes you sound smart.
When you type quickly with both hands, however, you're likely to choose the first word that comes to your mind. And that might not always be the best one to get your point across, Medimorec says.
Tapping away at the keyboard with one hand is obviously slow going, though. Save the method for important emails, or when you want to impress someone, like your professor, boss, or new girlfriend.
Or, you can simply slow down your two-hand typing. Pausing between words or when you reach a sentence break can give yourself a few seconds to think—and that may lead you to make more deliberate word choices that boost the quality of your content, Medimorec says.


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Q: I get error 9 subscript out of range when ever i try to run this "file match" code I am very new to Vba and coding in general, so please excuse any mistake I may have made. I keep getting a run time error "subscript out of range". This code is meant to work in conjunction with the first module that I wrote, which works fine, but I need to verify that this works first before I integrate it. This code is meant to find what is referred to as an "h-number", then match that h number to a list generated by the first module, then it will copy certain dates corresponding to the h number back to the current workbook (I have a place holder code for the time being). My Code:
Sub filematcher()
Dim Activesource As Workbook 'saves file so that it can be refrenced in code
Dim AOI2 As Range

Call OptimizeCode_Begin
'opens the file

Set Activesource = Workbooks.Open(Filename:="C:\Users\ebecerra\Desktop\active status sheet
 copy for macro.xlsx", ReadOnly:=True)

Set AOI2 = Activesource.Sheets("Sheet 1").Range("A")

For Each cell In AOI2
    On Error Resume Next
    H_source = cell.Value
    'matches the H number found to the one on the master sheet
        With ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Collated Data").Range("A")
            Set H_match = .Find(H_source, LookIn:=xlValues, lookat:=xlPart, SearchDirection:=xlNext, MatchCase:=False)
                On Error Resume Next
        End With
    'find the row number that coresponds to the found h-number
    Y_Match = H_match.Row
    'records the found h number to verify that code works
    ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Collated Data").Cells(Y_Match, H).Value = H_source

Next cell

Activesource.Close savechanges:=False
        On Error GoTo ErrorHandle_2
ErrorHandle_2:
        Set Activesource = Nothing

'End optimizer
 Call OptimizeCode_End

 End Sub

IF it matters this is the code optimizer as well as the first module that I mentioned:
Public CalcState As Long
Public EventState As Boolean
Public PageBreakState As Boolean
 Sub OptimizeCode_Begin()

    Application.ScreenUpdating = False
    EventState = Application.EnableEvents
    Application.EnableEvents = False
    CalcState = Application.Calculation
    Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual
    PageBreakState = ActiveSheet.DisplayPageBreaks
    ActiveSheet.DisplayPageBreaks = False
 End Sub
 Sub OptimizeCode_End()

  ActiveSheet.DisplayPageBreaks = PageBreakState
  Application.Calculation = CalcState
  Application.EnableEvents = EventState
  Application.ScreenUpdating = True

 End Sub

 Sub collectdata()

Dim MyFSO As New FileSystemObject 'declaring and initializing FSO (file system object)
Dim wkbsource As Workbook 'workbook variable to store the raw excel file
Dim iRow As Long ' to store the last blank row available in collected data sheet before pasting the raw data
Dim iTotalRow As Long 'to store the last non-blank row availbe in collected data sheet after pasting the raw data
Dim sPath As String ' to store the selected folder path
Dim SourceFolder As Folder 'to store folder path
Dim MyFile As File 'File variable for FSO
Dim Filename As String ' to store the excel file name for column A in collected data sheet
Dim iTotalFiles As Long 'to store the count of all excel files available in selected folder
Dim DialogBox As FileDialog 'file dialog to select the folder name
Dim Hours As Range 'To store the Hours of test ran
Dim IRtestdate As Range 'To store the date of the IR reading
Dim iFailsRow As Long 'to identify the last cell used, therefore identifies how many pcs ran
Dim Count As Long 'To store the amount of bad pcs
Dim AOI As Range 'To determine the area for which the program will look for bad pcs

'Begin Optimizer
Call OptimizeCode_Begin

Set DialogBox = Application.FileDialog(msoFileDialogFolderPicker) 'Assiging Folder picker dialog box
With DialogBox
    .Title = "Select Folder"
    .AllowMultiSelect = False
    .InitialFileName = Application.DefaultFilePath
    If .Show <> -1 Then Exit Sub 'no folder selected
    sPath = .SelectedItems(1)
End With

'Check wheather selected folder exists or not
If Not MyFSO.FolderExists(sPath) Then
    MsgBox "folder is not available.", vbOKOnly + vbCritical, "Error"
    appication.ScreenUpdating = True
    Exit Sub
End If

Set SourceFolder = MyFSO.GetFolder(sPath)
'Get the count of all excel files available in Sourcefolder (selected folder)
iTotalFiles = 0

For Each MyFile In SourceFolder.Files
    If MyFSO.GetExtensionName(MyFile) = "xls" Then
        iTotalFiles = iTotalFiles + 1
    End If
Next MyFile

'Code to terminate the code if there is no Excel file availbe in Selected folder
If iTotalFiles = 0 Then

    MsgBox "no Excelfile available.", vbOKOnly + vbCritical, "Error"
    Application.ScreenUpdating = True
    Exit Sub

End If

'Code to compile the data from Raw file to collecter
For Each MyFile In SourceFolder.Files

    If MyFSO.GetExtensionName(MyFile) = "xls" Then

'Code to identify the last Blank row number in collated data sheet
        iRow = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Collated data").Range("B" & Rows.Count).End(xlUp).Row + 1

'Store the file name
        Filename = MyFSO.GetFileName(MyFile)

'Code to open the raw file
        Set wkbsource = Workbooks.Open(Filename:=MyFile, ReadOnly:=True)
        On Error GoTo Nextloop
'finds out if the file belongs to Jeff, if not it skips the file
         Set requester = wkbsource.ActiveSheet.Range("F3")
         If requester.Value = "Jeff Horn" Then
              GoTo Valid
         Else
              GoTo Nextloop
        End If
 Valid:

'code to identify If the Sheet is Blank
        If IsEmpty(wkbsource.Sheets("Uncorrected").Range("N23").Value) = True Then GoTo Nextloop

'finds Group number and pastes to collated sheet
        ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Collated Data").Range("B" & iRow) = wkbsource.Sheets("Uncorrected").Range("F2")

'finds Test ran and pastes to collated sheet
        ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Collated Data").Range("C" & iRow) = wkbsource.Sheets("Uncorrected").Range("B1")

'Code to read the hours ran, find the highest value, and display it in the Collated data sheet
            With wkbsource.Sheets("Uncorrected").Range("M21:T21")

                Set Hours = .Find("*", LookIn:=xlValues, SearchDirection:=xlPrevious)

            End With
                If Hours Is Nothing Then
                GoTo Testdate
                Else: On Error GoTo Testdate
                End If
                ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Collated Data").Range("D" & iRow) = Hours

 Testdate:

'Finds the the IRtestdate and Pastes that value into the Collated data sheet
                With wkbsource.Sheets("Uncorrected").Range("M18:T18")

                    Set IRtestdate = .Find("*", LookIn:=xlValues, SearchDirection:=xlPrevious)

                End With
                If IRtestdate Is Nothing Then
                GoTo FailsCounter
                Else: On Error GoTo FailsCounter
                End If
                    ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Collated Data").Range("E" & iRow) = IRtestdate

  FailsCounter:
'code to identify the column that needs to be counted dynamically based on Hours tested

            iFailsRow = wkbsource.Sheets("Uncorrected").Range("N" & Rows.Count).End(xlUp).Row
            Y = Hours.Row + 2
            X = Hours.Column
            Count = 0
            Set AOI = wkbsource.Sheets("Uncorrected").Range(Cells(Y, X), Cells(iFailsRow, X))
'Code to count the number of fails in each file
            For Each cell In AOI
               If cell.Value <= 0.001 Then
                    Count = Count + 1
                    On Error Resume Next
               End If
             Next
        Total_Parts = iFailsRow - 22

        ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Collated Data").Range("F" & iRow) = Count & " of " & Total_Parts

'Code to identify the last non-blank row in collated data sheet after pasting raw data

        iTotalRow = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Collated data").Range("B" & Rows.Count).End(xlUp).Row

'Code to update the file name

        ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Collated Data").Range("A" & iRow & ":A" & iTotalRow).Value = Filename

         Application.CutCopyMode = False
  Nextloop:
        wkbsource.Close savechanges:=False
        On Error GoTo ErrorHandle
  ErrorHandle:
        Set wkbsource = Nothing
    End If
Next MyFile

MsgBox "Data collated", vbOKOnly + vbInformation, "Done!"

'End optimizer
Call OptimizeCode_End

End Sub

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Flying Vinyl festival, Hackney: 'Streaming services like Spotify have left music industry at ground zero'
Imogen Blake
Published: 8:00 AM April 5, 2016
Swim Deep are performing at the festival - Credit: Archant
The music industry is in crisis. Online music platforms like Spotify have artists in a chokehold, only paying fractions of pennies every time a song is streamed.
The debate over fair royalties for artists has prompted superstars such as Adele, Taylor Swift, Kanye West and Beyonce to refuse some streaming services access to their music.
But another, quieter backlash is also afoot, in the form of steadily rising numbers of vinyl sales.
And Craig Evans, the founder of a new Hackney festival dedicated to celebrating wax records, says it might just be the answer to the question of how to make music pay again.
"You can pay 70p for a song or a few quid and have access to all the music in the world but it doesn't compensate people for their intellectual property," he says.
"We really feel that digital has taken over the music industry and left it at ground zero. But vinyl puts money in artist's pockets, it's not something that's disposable and throwaway."
Last year, Evans founded Hertford-based vinyl subscription service, Flying Vinyl, which sends subscribers a monthly box of exclusive seven-inch vinyl records by emerging artists.
Despite the ubiquity of music streaming, the service was an instant hit – so much so that Flying Vinyl is now putting on a one-day music festival at Hackney Shapes in Hackney Wick on Saturday April 9 to further promote vinyl.
The line-up includes up-and-coming names from the indie rock world, including Black Honey and Swim Deep – the common thread being that all the artists have had their records pressed onto wax by Flying Vinyl.
A pop-up shop will also sell vinyl records and merchandise.
"Everyone in our company is someone who goes to a lot of music events and we tend to find that a lot of them are exactly the same," Evans explains. "You can't actually find many places for £20 and see the calibre of artists we have on stage."
The last decade has seen a huge resurgence in vinyl.
There were more than two million vinyl sales in the UK last year, up from 1.4million in 2014, and last week, the Recording Industry Association of America reported that the music industry made more money from last year's 17million vinyl sales than from the billions of songs streamed online over the same period.
Evans predicts no end in sight yet to what has been dubbed the "vinyl revival".
"It's going to keep growing year by year," he says. "We are still talking about 1 per cent of music sales on vinyl, it's not ever going to be 30, 40 or 50 per cent of music sales, it's not going to be that predominant.
"But with vinyl, people buying it really, really care about music and understand it on a deeper level, and that passion means we are going to see up to five or 10 per cent of sales in the next few years."
But in a convenience-obssessed age, why are we flocking in such numbers to buy these bulky black records?
Evans says it's simple. "Once you've had the experience, digital music will never feel good enough," he adds. "The inconvenience of the format makes you appreciate what you are listening to. When you listen to a seven-inch vinyl, you don't do anything else.
"You don't sit there texting, checking Facebook, doing anything else in the background or running between meetings," he adds.
"The more we can do to get vinyl out there, the better for the music industry."
Flying Vinyl festival tickets for April 9 are £20.


One of the world's most legendary and elusive treasures, sought after for centuries. . .
Included in Aztec and Mayan legends, Conquistadors had heard rumours of its existence when exploring the New World, but never found it.
During World War 2, Nazi inspired archaeologists were convinced they had pinpointed its location. They packed a U-Boat with supplies and set a course for the Amazon Jungle. They disappeared!
Many adventurers eager to claim the legendary gold as their own entered one of the most inhospitable places on earth, the Amazon Jungle. Most were never seen again!
And yet the exact location of El Dorado and its fantastic hoard of Mayan, Aztec and Inca treasure so many have dreamed of finding, remains a mystery. Any who may have stumbled upon it never returned to tell the tale.
In 1925, Victorian explorer Colonel Percy Fawcett enters the Amazon Jungle to search for a Lost City. Like so many before him, he was never seen or heard from again. Until now!
When a message from the past is discovered washed up on an English beach, it reveals new information about the ill-fated 1925 expedition. A modern day expedition sets off to follow in the footsteps of Colonel Fawcett in an attempt to locate the Lost City and its legendary hoard of priceless treasure.
El Dorado Book 1 & 2 will take on a journey filled with danger to seek out and enter the fabled Lost City. A thrilling story of adventure and discovery that weaves together an exciting blend of fact and fiction linked to the legends surrounding El Dorado, the lost Fawcett expedition and the mysterious Amazonian Jungle.
Rumoured to be guarded by remote, mist-veiled mountains, the fabulous treasure hoard was hidden from the greedy clutches of Spanish conquistadors somewhere deep inside the unforgiving and mysterious Amazon jungle. As far as anyone knows, it is still there. Waiting to be discovered by those brave or foolhardy enough, to try their luck.
A thrilling story of adventure and discovery that weaves together an exciting blend of fact and fiction linked to the legends surrounding the lost 1925 Fawcett expedition and the mysterious Amazonian Jungle.
The real life exploits of Colonel Fawcett, a Victorian adventurer who entered the uncharted regions of the Amazon jungle to search for a lost city and was never seen again, is an amazing and thrilling adventure. Via a modern day expedition, these novels finish the story to theorize what may have happened to Fawcett and what he may have discovered deep within the Amazon Jungle. Visit the author's extensive website about Colonel Fawcett.
Although a few non-fiction books have been written about the 1925 lost Fawcett expedition, using Fawcett's diary and letters as inspiration, most end at Dead Horse Camp, Fawcett's last known position. This is where The Lost City Books begins and is the first book to continue Colonel Fawcett's expedition to reach his Lost City of Z.
A story full of exciting action, including a kidnapping, daring rescues, atmospheric locations, interesting characters, adventure and discovery set amongst the mysterious Amazon Jungle and its known and unknown inhabitants.
An exciting archaeological mystery thriller with flashbacks to Colonel Fawcett's 1925 Expedition.
From Amazon, Apple Book, Barnes&Noble, Kobo, Smashwords, Tolino. Baker & Taylor, etc.
"This is a great adventure story. it makes you want to keep reading more and more. Love amazon and lost city. Great story telling."
"This is a great adventure story. This story grabs my attention from the very start of the book and couldn't put it aside till I finish it. It was a wonderful read. From me, I will definitely rate this book and the author's hard efforts a 5-STAR. I highly recommend this book to everyone."
To find out more about Colonel Fawcett's real life adventures and disappearance, please visit my extensive website dedicated to this topic. You will also find an English translation of manuscript 512, the document that convinced Fawcett a lost city was waiting to be discovered in the unexplored regions of the Amazon Jungle, lots of interesting articles, including copies of the original newspaper reports covering Fawcett's disappearance, and many photographs. Some of my articles and photographs have been used in documentary's about Fawcett and the Lost City of Z.


Baexem Limburg is beautiful and has lots of apartments. Ofcourse we are only looking for the best apartments in Baexem Limburg. It's important to compare them because there are so many places to stay in Baexem Limburg. You're probably wondering where to stay in Baexem Limburg. To see which apartment sounds better than the other, we created a top 10 list. The list will make it a lot easier for you to make a great decision. We know you only want the best apartment and preferably something with a reasonable price.
Our list contains 10 apartments of which we think are the best apartments in Baexem Limburg right now. Still, some of you are more interested in the most popular apartments in Baexem Limburg with the best reviews, and that's completely normal! You can check out the link below.
Skip to the most popular apartments in Baexem Limburg.
Located 29 miles from Maastricht, Appartement Melange offers accommodations in Heythuysen. The property features views of the city and is 27 miles from Valkenburg.A dishwasher, an oven and a microwave are provided in the kitchen. A flat-screen TV is provided. There is a private bathroom with a bathtub.Eindhoven is 22 miles from Appartement Melange, and Mönchengladbach is 24 miles away. The nearest airport is Maastricht Airport, 24 miles from the property.
Very friendly host, easy to find, cosy, great for spending some days with family or friends.
The property is very clean and has all what you required available and nicely located near to supermarket on main street yet not noisy.
This property is a 8-minute walk from the beach. Located 22 miles from Maastricht and 29 miles from Aachen, Het Molenaarshuis offers accommodations in Thorn. The property features views of the river and is 20 miles from Valkenburg.There is a dining area and a kitchen as well as a private bathroom. A flat-screen TV with cable channels is provided. Other facilities at Het Molenaarshuis include a terrace.The nearest airport is Maastricht Airport, 17 miles from Het Molenaarshuis.
This was a really beautiful old cottage in the heart of a lovely historical area. Everything was provided and we were very comfortable during our stay. Our hosts were on hand if we needed anything and were a lovely couple!
Owners welcoming and very helpful; let us use their oven to cook our Christmas dinner and gave us one bundle of free wood to compensate for fault on wood stove. House is as advertised in a lovely location, nicely furnished and the Wi-Fi worked perfectly. Parking is easily available nearby.
Een huis dat met veel liefde en zorg is ingericht. Veel comfort, uitstekend internet en we voelde ons meteen thuis. De ligging is ook uniek en Thorn is ronduit feestelijk om in te verblijven.
De charme van het huis met ruimtes op verschillende hoogtes, de open haard, de locatie op loopafstand van de historische kern van Thorn.
Ria's Bed & Kitchen and Beyond offers accommodations in Wessem, 23 miles from Maastricht and 28 miles from Aachen.There is a sitting area and a kitchen complete with a dishwasher, an oven and a toaster. A flat-screen TV with cable channels is available. Other facilities at Ria's Bed & Kitchen and Beyond include a sun terrace.Valkenburg is 21 miles from Ria's Bed & Kitchen and Beyond, and Eindhoven is 26 miles away. Maastricht Airport is 18 miles from the property.
Located 30 miles from Valkenburg and 19 miles from Eindhoven, Hoeve Het Verre Einder offers accommodations in Heythuysen. The property features views of the garden and is 26 miles from Mönchengladbach. Free private parking is available on site.There is a sitting area, a dining area and a kitchenette complete with a microwave and a toaster. A flat-screen TV and DVD player, as well as a CD player are provided. Other facilities at Hoeve Het Verre Einder include a sun terrace.Bike rental and car rental are available at the property and the area is popular for biking. Roermond is 9 miles from Hoeve Het Verre Einder, and Krefeld is 30 miles from the property. The nearest airport is Eindhoven Airport, 23 miles from Hoeve Het Verre Einder.
The hosts were very attentive. They offered a free ride to the nearest buststation, as they live very remote. The BB is very, very cosy. Coffee maker and kitchinette. Flowers, cosy curtains, beautiful view, etc etc…..really homey!!
Corrie und Fred waren echte Gastgeber, sehr freundlich, unterhaltsam und in jeder Hinsicht hilfsbereit. Das Frühstück war sehr schmackhaft, reichlich und appetitlich serviert.
Die Betten waren bequem, man schläft sehr gut in Caluna 10 !
Ein kleiner Verbesserungsvorschlag für das Bad: ein Mini-Waschbecken in der Nische neben der Duschkabine wäre das "i-Tüpfelchen"…….
Das Gastgeberpaar, ein etwas älteres Paar, war einsame Spitze. Bereits von der ersten Begegnung an bis zum letzten Tag waren Fred und seine Frau super lieb und hilfsbereit. Man schläft in einer kleinen Wohnung mit eigenem Eingang. Das Appartement steht auf einem Bauernhof auf dem Fred sich liebevoll um seine Hühner und seine Fische kümmert. Bereits nach wenigen Minuten bot uns Fred einige frische Eier an welche köstlich geschmeckt haben. Der Bereich vor dem Eingang ist mit wunderschönen Blumen verziert und Bietet mit Gartenstühlen und einem Tisch eine wunderbare Gelegenheit das Ambiente von draußen zu genießen. Alles in einem können meine Freundin und ich dieses Ferienappartment allen Paaren und Alleinreisenden ans Herz legen, die Wert auf sympathische Gastgeber und ein wunderschön ruhiges Ambiente legen.
Mooie, ruime kamer en heel fijn dat er een ruim zitgedeelte was. Mijn hond was meer dan welkom, ook erg prettig en voor een acceptabel bedrag (€5,-)! De gastvrouw was zeer vriendelijk en ik werd warm welkom geheten! Tevens kreeg ik een duidelijke en vriendelijke uitleg waar ik mijn hond uit kon laten. Door de eigen ingang van het appartement heb je voldoende privacy. Het ontbijt werd geserveerd in de keuken van de gastvrouw- en heer en smaakte prima. Vers eitje erbij van de kippen waar je uitzicht op had tijdens het eten.
Located 23 miles from Maastricht and 30 miles from Aachen, De hooizolder offers pet-friendly accommodations in Ittervoort. De hooizolder features views of the garden and is 21 miles from Valkenburg.The kitchen is equipped with a microwave, a toaster and a refrigerator, as well as a coffee machine and a kettle. A TV is available. Other facilities at De hooizolder include a sun terrace.Maastricht Airport is 18 miles from the property.
Wunderschöner Garten zur Einzelnutzung, toller Ausgangspunkt zum Rad fahren, viele nette Ortschaften in der Nähe (Roermond, die weiße Stadt Thorn, Valkenburg etc…)!
Begrüßungs Leckerli für unsere Katzen!
Zeer vriendelijke gastvouw. Onze hond was heel welkom (lag zelfs een attentie voor hem klaar), mooie tuin, goed uitgerust appartement!
Der nette Empfang von der Gastgeberin, die unkomplizierte Art, die geschmackvoll eingerichtete Wohnung mit bereitgestellten Kaffeepulver, ect,. nebst zur Verfügung gestellten Handtücher.
Wir haben uns dort auf Anhieb so wohl gefühlt und werden auf jedenfall in der Ferienwhg nochmal unseren Urlaub verbringen.
Am Appartement ist ein Garten angeschlossen…. toll vor allem für Hundebesitzer… Viel Wasser rund herum und eine super Vermieterin….
Het Gildehuis offers accommodations in Stevensweert. The property is 21 miles from Maastricht and free private parking is featured.A dishwasher and an oven are provided in the kitchen and there is a private bathroom. A flat-screen TV with cable channels is available. Other facilities at Het Gildehuis include a barbecue.Bike rental is available at the property and the area is popular for windsurfing and biking. Aachen is 27 miles from Het Gildehuis, and Valkenburg is 19 miles away. Maastricht Airport is 16 miles from the property.
Located 28 miles from Maastricht and 27 miles from Valkenburg, Appartement De Proosdij offers accommodations in Weert. The property is 16 miles from Eindhoven and free private parking is provided.There is a sitting area, a dining area and a kitchenette complete with a microwave, a toaster and a refrigerator. A flat-screen TV with cable channels and DVD player is available. There is a private bathroom with a shower.Hasselt is 28 miles from Appartement De Proosdij, and Roermond is 13 miles from the property. Eindhoven Airport is 20 miles away.
Great place to stay. Really modern and clean. The furniture is new. Close by the train station, many restaurantes and stores around if necessary. Also grocery markets if you want to cook by yourself. Good equipment to cook inside, everything necessary for two people. Also there is a good parking place. The host Erik is really kind and ready to manage any request. There is a direct line to call him if necessary. I recommend and I would stay again.
The location right in the town was excellent with private secure parking.The apartment was warm with under floor heating,very modern and comfortable.The huge church is only a stones throw away with a lovely peel of bells which were not disturbing and could not be heard from inside and the interior of the church was wonderful. My wife and I enjoyed our stay very much.
Het appartement is heerlijk en van alle gemakken voorzien, het is zelfs beter dan op de foto's en het uitzicht op de Martinustoren is fantastisch. De twee éénpersoonsbedden zijn comfortabel, er is meer dan genoeg (kast)ruimte en de keuken is volledig voorzien. Ook is het wifi prima en de parkeerplaats achter het pand is ruim.
Het appartement was erg fijn. Mooier dan op de foto's leek. Zeer vriendelijke en behulpzame eigenaar. Fijne sfeer in het appartement.
Ligging direct naast het centrum, zeer rustige omgeving, beveiligde parkeerplaats, stijlvolle inrichting.
Located 24 miles from Maastricht, Oppe Winckel – De Biemösj offers accommodations in Posterholt.The kitchen features a dishwasher and an oven and there is a private bathroom. A TV with cable channels is available. Other facilities at Oppe Winckel Posterholt include a barbecue.Aachen is 23 miles from Oppe Winckel – De Biemösj, and Valkenburg is 19 miles from the property. Maastricht Airport is 18 miles away.
Maasheuvel offers accommodations in Roosteren.The kitchen features a dishwasher. A TVwith cable channels, as well as a CD player are available. There is a private bathroom with a shower.Maastricht is 17 miles from Maasheuvel Roosteren, and Aachen is 24 miles from the property. Maastricht Airport is 12 miles away.
Located 17 miles from Maastricht, Dolce villa offers accommodations in Susteren. Dolce villa features views of the garden and is 22 miles from Aachen. Free private parking is available on site.There is a dining area and a kitchen. A flat-screen TV is featured.Valkenburg is 14 miles from Dolce villa, and Eindhoven is 31 miles from the property. The nearest airport is Maastricht Airport, 12 miles from the property.
The above is a top selection of the best apartments to stay in Baexem Limburg to help you with your search. We know it's not that easy to find the best apartment because there are just so many places to stay in Baexem Limburg but we hope that the above-mentioned tips have helped you make a good decision.
We also hope that you enjoyed our top ten list of the best apartments in Baexem Limburg. And we wish you all the best with your future stay!


text:
Церква святих чудотворців і безсрібників Косми і Дам'яна — парафія і храм греко-католицької громади Підгаєцького деканату Бучацької єпархії Української греко-католицької церкви в селі Голгоча Тернопільського району Тернопільської області.

Оголошена пам'яткою архітектури місцевого значення.

Історія церкви
У 1830 році тодішній власник села Францішек Тарасевич розпочав будувати нову однобанну муровану церкву, яка у плані мала вигляд корабля. У 1853 році будівництво завершили. 14 листопада тою ж року під час свята святих чудотворних і безсрібників Косми і Дам'яна храм освятив о. Григорій Мамерський.

З середини 1946 року до 1990 року парафія, а храм до 1992 року належали до московського православ'я, хоча тут продовжували підпільно служити греко-католицькі священники. У березні 1990 року офіційно зареєстровано греко-католицьку громаду.

Восени 1992 року храм повернуто греко-католицькій громаді.

У церковно-релігійному житті села відбулося три місії: у 1938 році — на честь святкування 950-ліття хрещення Руси-України, яку провели отці-місіонери з Тернопільською монастиря Усніння Пресвятої Богородиці, ЧНІ, о. ігумен Породко і о. Лемішка; 21 серпня 1994 року — отці Редемптористи о. Василь Сподара та сестри Василіянки; 14 листопада 2004 року — о. Кубацький.

6 травня 2004 року єпископську візитацію парафії здійснив владика Бучацької єпархії Іриней Білик.

З часу відновлення парафії тут почали діяти братства: Матері Божої Неустанної Помочі, «Цариці Вервиці», Вівтарна дружина, спільнота «Матері в молитві».

Власними силами та коштами греко- католицької громади було побудовано такі каплиці: собор Івана Хрестителя (освячений 13 січня 1913); на честь проголошення незалежності України (24 серпня 1992); Різдва Богородиці (21 вересня 2005); Преображення ГНІХ (19 серпня 1998), яка розташована у с. Волиця і належить до даної парафії. Також на території Голгочі встановлено пам'ятні хрести: на честь скасування комуни (1991), до 550-ї річниці першої писемної згадки про село (1995), відновлено хрест на честь скасування панщини.

У 2007 році могилу воїнам УПА, в якій виявили поховання 11 повстанців, було перебудовано у пам'ятний меморіал, який сьогодні знаменує великий хрест та фігура святого архистратига Михаїла.

Влітку 2008 року з ініціативи і за кошти мешканців-заробітчан було встановлено величини комплекс — фігуру Марії Матері Божої. Парафії з 1995 року мас у власності новозбудоване проборство, яке розмішене неподалік від храму.

Парохи
 о. Михайло Навроцький (1864—1890),
 о. Тимофій Бурдуляк (1890—1893),
 о. Іван Навроцький (1894—1922),
 о. Микола Ілевич (1922—1929),
 о. Василь Костюк (1929—1930),
 о. Мацалюх (1935—1935),
 о. Василь Стадних (1935—1944),
 о. Козяр (1944—1946),
 о. Роман Шафран,
 о. Ярослав Івасюк,
 о. Іван Хрептак (до 1993),
 о. Тарас Горпиняк (1993—1995),
 о. Василь Лехняк (1995—1996),
 о. Анатолій Гнатишин (з 5 травня 1997).

Примітки

Джерела

Церкви Тернопільського району
Голгоча
Церкви Косми і Даміана
Культові споруди, побудовані 1853
засновані в Україні 1853

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Both the Moto C phones will be available in cherry, white, gold, and black colour options.
After days of leaks and numerous speculations, Lenovo Moto has finally taken off the wraps of its Moto C range of smartphones. The Moto C range will sit under the Moto E range and will offer a no fills smartphone experience to the budget conscious consumer.
There are two phones under the Moto C badge. The entry level Moto C starts at $97 (Rs 6,221) and offers a 2,350mAh battery. The smartphone runs on Android Nougat out of the box and is built around a Mediatek quad-core processor. There's 1GB of Ram for handling tasks and 8GB internal memory that can be expanded up to 32GB with a microSD card. The phone offers 5-inch 854 x 480-pixel display. For taking pictures, there's a 5MP rear camera with LED flash and 2MP front camera with LED flash. There's a choice of a 3G and a 4G variant as well, which is quite strange considering the competition offering 4G as standard.
The Moto C Plus is similar to the Moto C under the hood, except for the bigger 4,000 mAh battery, a 5-inch 1280×720-pixel display and dual-SIM support. The rear camera gets boosted to an 8MP unit, while the front camera with its own LED flash remains unchanged. The Moto C Plus starts at 119 Euros, which is around Rs 8,300 for the 16GB storage option.
While nothing has been said about an India launch for the Moto C, we expect Lenovo Moto to bring the C Plus version to the Indian shores with support for VoLTE. The phones will be released this spring across Latin America, Europe, and the Asian-Pacific.


Many of you could remember the age where we took our mother's stole and drape it around and maybe put it around the neck. Surely, we enjoyed getting ourselves dressed into ethic wear. Right? So, many of you will agree upon this also, that ethnic outfits or ethnic wears play a significant role in our closet. There are many options in ethnic wear which can just blow away the limelight of other outfits. No matter what occasion it is, ethnic wear is the most popular attire that people choose for themselves and you can always try a kurta for every occasion.
Be it a traditional event or the formal event, it can be some holy rituals and puja, it can be a wedding too; ethnic wear is the dress code everywhere. On one hand Indian ethnic wear spells class and grace, on the other hand Indian ethnic wear speaks of our rich culture and heritage. And moreover Indians are blessed with just astonishing beauty especially suitable for ethnic wear. These attires are royal, luxurious, gorgeous, dazzling and can be worn at numerous occasions, festivals, wedding and even in regular day life.
So today we will take a look at the kurta collection from BIBA, which is undoubtedly the most loved ethnic brand in India. Almost every girl in India has a desi side and to be honest they all have a collection of lovely kurtas lined up in their wardrobe. As far as I remember every friend of mine are in love with the vibrant colors apparels. BIBA offers a wide range of ethnic wear which is suitable for almost every occasion. But today we will only focus on kurta for women from the wide collection of this brand.
Spring/Summer brings us a lot of option to wear and what we really do love to wear is something more vibrant and comfortable. BIBA Spring & Summer Collection brings you a variety of options with a wide range of vibrant colors with superior quality you can trust on.
Kurta for women is not just simple straight piece clothing; BIBA gives you a new modern twist to every apparel to give you a trendier look and feel. BIBA has a very impressive collection of kurta for women with variety of styles and colors options. This is something every girl will love to have in her wardrobe. The price range start from INR 350 with some amazing offers and discounts. There are lots of options to choose like A-Line Anarkali, Asymmetric, Flared, Kalidar, and Straight. Either you want a simple straight kurta or a designer one, from daily wear to party wear kurtas, BIBA has it all. With the innovative prints and vibrant colors, the summer collection is something you must try.
Please check out the wide variety of latest Spring & Summer Collection from BIBA and let me know what you thing. Till then take care..
I am already Biba shopper and their kurta collection is really beautiful.


Daily Mail Fires Writer For Calling Bachelor In Paradise Contestant "Vapid"
The Daily Mail has fired a young reporter who accidentally published an article describing reality TV stars as "vapid cunts".
The article, about Bachelor In Paradise star Florence Alexandra promoting a cosmetics procedure, was published on Sunday and remained online for several hours before editors stepped in.
Apparently the line was meant for the reporter's eyes only, but was accidentally cut and pasted into the final story.
A spokesperson for The Daily Mail told The Guardian that "after an internal investigation, Daily Mail Australia has now terminated the employment of the journalist responsible for the offending words".
But many people have come to the reporter's defence, arguing that the slip-up should not have cost her her job.
This is awful – Daily Mail throws reporter under the bus for what was probably the best paragraph the Mail has ever published.
the daily mail sacked the journalist who did the "vapid cunts" line. what the hell. literally every single person working in online journalism has made a dumb mistake like this. between stupid high content demands and very few checks before publishing, it's basically inevitable.
Others expressed their support for what the reporter wrote in the first place.
Today we are all vapid cunts.
Alexandra, for her part, told News Corp that she was "shocked" and "disgusted" by the article. "I'm not shallow, or materialistic, which is what the journalist is suggesting," she insisted.


text:
Q: How do I sync Angry Birds progress across iOS devices? I have Angry Birds both on my iPhone and iPad.
I find it frustating that I have reached far ahead on the iPhone, but on the iPad I am still in the early levels.
Is it possible to sync my progress between the two devices?

A: I just tried http://www.macroplant.com/iphoneexplorer/ and it allowed me to just drag and drop my highscore file from my old iPhone (2G, jailbroken) to my new (iPhone 4, not jailbroken). Hope that works for you too!

A: I agree with this question and have an unfortunate answer.
The saddest part of the iOS line is that iTunes does not back up CoreData / Application generated data (save games, favorites, you know, locally saved data). The only way this is feasible is if the application supported saving progress back to the server, and loading it back to the device next time you play. And, clearly, Angry Birds doesn't.
This is an opportunity to contact the developers about Angry Birds and ask them to implement a server-side store of your progress, in ADDITION to the local data.
[edit]
This answer is 50% wrong. A server side store would be great, and iTunes doesn't back up Application generated data, but you CAN pull saved files out with some finagling.

A: This isn't necessarily a new answer but it aims to be more specific than the previous ones (I can't comment other answers yet).
What you need to do is get the highscores.lua file which naton refers to. If you are able to browse your iDevice's file system (using any of the many programs which do this. I used Phone Disk), then this file will be located at [location of iDevice root]/private/var/mobile/Applications/[xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx]/Documents/highscores.lua
That long part with x's is the UUID. It will be unique on every iDevice. If you look in all of the folders in the Applications folder, you will eventually find one that contains the AngryBirds.app file. Inside that same folder is where the Documents folder that holds your highscores.lua file is located.
Now that you have the file containing all of your progress (almost. I'll get to that) you have to dig through all of those UUID named folders on the destination iDevice until you find the one containing AngryBirds.app. Once you've found it, you can overwrite the highscores.lua file in its Documents folder.
Here's where I ran into a problem. Apparently, Phone Disk doesn't copy permissions correctly and neither do some other programs. I suspect this would happen with any of the Windows programs, though it happened to me in OS X. So you'll need to make sure that highscores.lua is able to be executed by the mobile user. I connected to my iDevice through SSH, and navigated to the Documents folder inside the AngryBirds folder. I issued the following two commands as root:
chown mobile:mobile highscores.lua

and
chmod 644 highscores.lua

Before I had changed the permissions, Angry Birds would crash every time I played a level and got a new high score.
Finally, when I say almost all of your progress, it's because when I did this, there was a level that only had 1 star when I had previously had 3 stars. Also, some of my golden eggs were missing. They came back after I replayed the levels that they existed in. Some of the achievements were missing, too. Anyone want to comment if this is the same experience they had?
And one last thing, I remember reading somewhere that the highscores.lua file is compatible with the Mac OS version of Angry Birds. I didn't feel like buying it to test it out, but please comment if you can verify this.

A: With my iPhone 4s, i managed to back up the levels thanks to Birds Scores - it really works. All you deal with is just highscores.lua and settings.lua. The app is 4m Softorino. I don't want to sound promoting, though. I will test it with my iPad 3.


text:
Het arrest Ciba Geigy/Voorbraak (HR 16 november 1984, NJ 1985/547) is een arrest van de Nederlandse Hoge Raad dat betrekking heeft op dwangsommen uit kort geding, met twee conclusies:
 eenmaal verbeurde dwangsommen blijven verschuldigd,
 de partij die een vonnis in kort geding executeert, kan aansprakelijk zijn voor de schade die de andere partij hierdoor lijdt, als het kortgedingvonnis in de bodemprocedure geen stand houdt.

Casus
Chemische Fabriek Brabant J.W. Voorbraak BV hield zich bezig met parallel-import van Atrazin en Simazin,
twee middelen van Ciba Geigi voor het remmen van de plantengroei (onkruidverdelgers). Geigy had in Nederland een octrooi op het bereiden van deze middelen en een parallel-octrooi in Frankrijk. Voorbraak kocht deze producten in Frankrijk, profiterend van door Geigy voor Frankrijk en Nederland gehanteerde prijsverschillen.

Geigy sommeert Voorbraak om haar inbreuken op het Nederlands octrooi te staken. De vordering van Geigy wordt op 12 juni 1973 door de president in kort geding toegewezen, uitvoerbaar bij voorraad met een dwangsom van 1000 gulden per overtreding, waarbij het vervaardigen of in het verkeer brengen van elke kilo van de betreffende stoffen als een overtreding wordt aangemerkt. Geigy heeft dit vonnis aan Voorbraak doen betekenen. Tegen dit vonnis zijn geen rechtsmiddelen aangewend. Voorbraak heeft de bedoelde parallel-importen gestaakt.

In twee arresten van het Europees Hof van Justitie, Centrafarm/Sterling Drug en Merck/Stephar, wordt het verbieden van parallel-importen, althans binnen het territorium van de EG, strijdig geacht met het recht van de Europese Gemeenschap.

Drie data zijn nu van belang:
Op 12 juni 1973 heeft de president in kort geding een dwangsom gesteld op parallel-import door Voorbraak.
Op 16 augustus 1975 is het parallel octrooi van Geigy in Frankrijk verlopen.
Bij brief van 11 oktober 1976 laat Geigy weten geen bezwaar meer te zullen maken tegen parallel-import, mits onder bepaalde voorwaarden.

Procesgang
Voorbraak vordert bij inleidende dagvaarding 325.000 gulden schadevergoeding wegens gemiste inkomsten als gevolg van het naleven van het verbod van de president in kort geding. De vordering van Voorbraak is door de rechtbank afgewezen. Dit vonnis is in hoger beroep door het gerechtshof vernietigd. Het hof heeft de vordering van Voorbraak alsnog toegewezen, echter alleen voor de (eerste) periode die eindigt op 16 augustus 1975. Het cassatieberoep van Geigy hiertegen is verworpen. Op het incidenteel beroep van Voorbraak vernietigt de Hoge Raad de beslissing van het hof wat betreft de (tweede) periode van 16 augustus 1975 tot 11 oktober 1976. Voor het beoordelen van (de omvang van) de schade in deze periode is het geding terugverwezen naar hetzelfde hof. Voorbraak heeft dus recht op nog meer schadevergoeding dan het gerechtshof al had toegewezen.

Hoge Raad
De Hoge Raad overwoog:

Tot besluit
Weliswaar mag de naleving van een vonnis in kort geding worden afgedwongen, maar het voorlopig karakter daarvan brengt mee, dat als bij de beslissing in het bodemgeschil blijkt, dat het gepretendeerde recht niet bestond, de executie van het kort geding-vonnis onrechtmatig is geweest. In dit soort gevallen is de handeling op het moment waarop zij plaatsvond geoorloofd, maar achteraf kan nog blijken, dat de
veronderstelde of voorlopig aangenomen rechtvaardiging voor de rechtsinbreuk niet bestond en de handeling dus onrechtmatig was. Over het juridisch fundament bestaat verschil van mening (onrechtmatige daad versus rechtmatige daad).

Zie ook
(1989) Arrest Kempkes/Samson

Ciba Geigy/Voorbraak


Babilak Bah is an artist that translates as innovation. The self-taught musician, percussionist, compositor and poet, from the Brazilian state of Paraiba, calls himself a "proposer" instead of "composer". With his work, he proposes a different way to embed music and poetry into social consciousness. In the album "Enxadario: Orquestra de enxadas" (Hoeing: Orchestra of Hoes), he transforms the labourious and repetitive manual work of the fields into a cathartic beat blending samba, funk, jazz and classical. The result can be taken as shambolic in meaning, and that's a very interesting effect that inspires movement and discovery.
If you would like to know more about Biography of Restless Men or Orchestra of Hoe, you now have the opportunity to ask directly to the artist. I checked with Babilak Bah if he would be willing to answer your questions. He sounded positively enthusiastic. All you have to do is to leave a comment to this post.
Thanks for sharing this feature.
Usually I don't read article on blogs, but I would like to say that this write-up very compelled me to take a look at and do so! Your writing style has been amazed me. Thank you, quite nice article.
Thank you! That's very nice!
Heya, Thanks a lot for this brilliant article! I have to bookmark Babilak Bah: The Restless Man | BerimbauDrum. Thank you.


I really love celebrating the people in my life. My family's birthdays are some of my favorite days of year. Yesterday was my dad's birthday, and today was my mom's birthday - a funny coincidence!
Instead of a traditional gift, I made my mom a basket with some of her favorite things: flowers (pink Snapdragons), various brands of coffee, her two favorite coffee creamers (Cold Stone sweet cream and Almond Joy), a jar of Biscoff European Cookie Spread and a card from each of her kids.
My brothers and I also went in on a huge dinner from our family's favorite restaurant, Al Noor. You may recognize it from Food Network's The Best Thing I Ever Ate. We've been eating there for the past 15 years and were thrilled to see it featured on the Food Network a couple of years ago!


text:
Sedona Northern Lights Holiday Spectacular
For a second year, LA-based PaintScaping will bring its expertise in large-scale 3D projection mapping to the Sedona Northern Lights Holiday Spectacular. Running from December 13-16, the production is the country's largest projection show on a natural canvas – Camel head Rock in the famed red rocks of Sedona, Arizona. PaintScaping will create a massive 3D light projection showcasing the magical landscapes, captivating dark skies, and thriving art scene of the area. The show will be staged four times each night over the four-day period. Spectators can tune to KAZM 780AM radio for music to accompany the dynamic light show.
The 2018 Holiday Spectacular will feature a new story about the childhood of Sedona, the woman – and wife of the town's first postmaster – for whom Sedona is named. In the tale, the girl dreams that she visits Santa's workshop, and spectators will see her dream played out on the side of Camel head Rock.
"When I did the show last year I had never mapped a mountain before!" says PaintScaping CEO Philippe Bergeron. "This is the biggest holiday mapping show in the US, and I can't wait to return for year two."
"We'll largely follow the same process we used last year in terms of equipment," says Bergeron. "We'll have 12 32K laser projectors and two Alcorn McBride A/V Binloop HD video players, one active and one backup. The 1.1km throw distance to the mountain may be a world record in projection mapping. The canvas itself measures 600 x 350 feet. So we need a lot of firepowers."
He values the Binloop's "strength in simplicity" and the video player's "ability to synchronize media. For the Holiday Spectacular, we have four quadrants each with three projectors taking the same feed, and the Binloop has to perfectly sync the quadrants. The Binloop also has to drive the soundtrack synchronization, which is broadcast over the radio."
He points out that, "Alcorn makes good machines for hostile environments because they use solid-state construction without moving parts," an important consideration for Sedona where Bergeron and his team are "subject to the desert wind and sand."
Bergeron calls the Alcorn McBride Binloop "our media player of choice over the last few years. We've done many high-level projects with Binloop, including jobs for Porsche, Pharrell Williams and Louis XIII Cognac, the LA Dodgers, the New York Public Library, Tiffany, and Ariana Grande. The Calvin Harris-Rihanna music video we did, 'This is What You Came For,' is perhaps the most visible projection mapping ever with over two billion views and counting!"
"Alcorn makes good machines for hostile environments because they use solid-state construction without moving parts."
Client Name: Camel Head Rock
Location: Sedona, CA
Installer: Paintscaping
Audio/Video: AV Binloop HD


text:
The Battle of Loulin was fought in Winter 645 BC between the states of Chu and Xu, the latter being supported by a coalition of northern states led by Qi. Xu, originally the most powerful state of the Huai River valley, had been weakened by internal unrest and several wars since the beginning of the Spring and Autumn period. As its influence over eastern Hubei, southern Henan and central Anhui waned, Chu began to expand into these regions. Threatened by these developments, Xu joined an alliance of several northern states against Chu. In spring 645 BC, when Chu invaded Xu's southern heartland, the northern states sent a relief expedition in order to aid Xu and stop Chu's eastern conquests. The coalition forces eventually met Chu's army at Loulin and were defeated, marking the beginning of Xu's final decline and accelerating the end of Qi's hegemony over China.

Prelude
The state of Xu, centered in northern Anhui, had controlled most of the middle and lower Huai River during the Western Zhou and early Spring and Autumn period. Beginning in the late 8th century BC, however, Xu's power began to wane, and several of its vassals and territories seceded. At the same time, the state of Chu in eastern Hubei rose in prominence.

After it had conquered most of the Nanyang Basin in 678 BC, Chu began to advance further east into the Upper Huai River valley and north into the Yangtze plain. In just twenty years, it overrun many neighboring states and forced others into vassalage. Troubled by Chu's growing power, the hegemon of China, Duke Huan of Qi, began to organize a major alliance to invade Chu and end its expansion. Coinciding with the formation of the anti-Chu alliance, Xu occupied the state of Shu in modern-day Lujiang County in 656 BC. Li Lian, a Yuan dynasty scholar, considered it likely that Shu had been an ally of Chu and Xu had taken it in coordination with Qi. According to this view, the destruction of Shu was part of the preparation for the planned invasion of Chu by the northern alliance. The Kangxi Dictionary editors found this theory reasonable. In this case, the conquest of Shu marked the beginning of hostilities between Chu and Xu, the latter acting in accordance with Qi. In 655 BC, Qi launched its invasion of Chu together with Song, Chen, Wey, Zheng, Xǔ, and Cao. The offensive quickly stalled, however, and the alliance was unable to weaken Chu. A non-aggression pact was concluded, whose only consequence was that Chu decided to expand further into the Huai River valley instead of attacking the northern states again. Consequently, it began to expand more aggressively into Xu's sphere of influence and conquered several small Huai states.

Among these were also several local allies of Qi, such as Huang. That the old hegemon proved unable to protect its allies made clear that Qi's power waned. In 646 BC, Qi even abandoned its old capital Yongqiu in response to attacks by Huai River barbarians. Whereas other Chūnqiū editions do not further identify the attackers, Gongyang Zhuan reasons that Xu and Ju were responsible.

Thus, just before the war of 645 BC, the situation of the anti-Chu alliance was already problematic. Its strongest member state, Qi, had lost much of its military power and influence during the preceding years, and if the Gongyang Zhuan is to be believed, there had even been a war among the alliance members directly before the outbreak of hostilities with Chu. Two coalition members, Wey and Zheng had also suffered from Di raids. Consequently, the anti-Chu forces were weakened, while Chu was on the rise in regard of its political and military power.

Campaigns against Chu and battle of Loulin
In spring 645 BC, Chu finally invaded Xu. According to the Zuo Zhuan, the invasion was a retaliation for the destruction of Shu and the related alliance between Xu and the northern states. In response to the Chu offensive, Duke Huan of Qi had a meeting with the rulers of Lu, Song, Chen, Wey, Zheng, Cao, and Xǔ at Muqiu, near present-day Liaocheng, to reaffirm their anti-Chu alliance and plan a relief expedition for Xu. They consequently organized an army at Kuang, modern-day Daming, consisting of contingents sent by the alliance states. Each contingent was commanded by its own officer, the one of Lu led Gongsu Ao. Also known as Meng Mubo, he was a senior official of Lu, the son of Prince Qingfu and grandson of Duke Huan of Lu. From Kuang, the united forces marched to Xu. Such a relief expedition was far from unprecedented, as Duke Huan of Qi had already aided many states during his hegemony.

In autumn, armies from Qi and Cao also invaded the state of Li in present-day Suizhou. In attacking Li, a vassal state of Chu, they attempted to create a diversion in favour of Xu. However, Chu forces remained active in Xu, while tension among the coalition began to rise. The following winter, these tensions escalated as Song invaded Cao even though the two were still part of the formal alliance. This war further undermined the relief expedition, and showcased that Qi had lost its control over the alliance members. As the coalition fell apart, Chu finally confronted the Xu forces at Loulin in present-day Fengyang County.

Very little is known about the battle itself, besides the fact that Chu defeated the Xu army. The Zuo Zhuan only comments that Xu was defeated because it relied too heavily on its allies' support. Nevertheless, Chu's victory was apparently not total, as Xu remained independent and allied with Qi for the time being.

Aftermath

While the Battle of Loulin was not responsible for the end of Qi's hegemony and Xu's decline, it accelerated both. The infighting among the Qi-led coalition showed that Duke Huan had no longer control over the other states, further reducing his prestige and authority. After Loulin, he could no longer organize any united efforts among the Chinese states, and the relief expedition for Xu was the last time he attempted to save a state threatened by invaders. As chancellor Guan Zhong, architect of Qi's hegemony, had also died in 645 BC, the state of Qi itself began to fall into disorder. Duke Huan aided Xu in one last counter-offensive against Chu in 643 BC. Qi and Xu invaded Yingshi in Lu'an, a vassal state of Chu, in order "to avenge (...) the defeat of Xu by Chu at Loulin". Later that year, Duke Huan died, possibly murdered by his advisors, and Qi descended into a civil war.

Its victory over Xu and Qi's alliance at Loulin, on the other side, allowed Chu to continue its eastern expansion. It consequently conquered most of the western and middle Huai River valley during the following decades. As result, Chu replaced Xu as the dominant state of the eastern Huai River valley for good. Furthermore, Xu, weakened by its defeat at Loulin, was also increasingly eclipsed by the neighboring state Zhongli. Pressured by both Chu as well as Zhongli, Xu was reduced to its heartland and eventually fell under Chu's dominance, becoming one of the latter's vassal states.

Notes

References

Bibliography

645 BC
Chu (state)
Qi (state)
7th-century BC conflicts
Military history of Anhui
Chen (state)
Lu (state)
Wey (state)
Zheng (state)
Xu (state)


text:
Q: Are there better approaches than the weighted mean? If I have a data set where the distribution from which the data are drawn changes, for example in the following plot, the data set is comprised of four normal distributions with the same mean ($\mu = 0$) but different standard deviations:

If I wanted to get an average value for the data set, my instinct would be to calculate a weighted mean:
$$\bar{\mu} = \frac{\sum_{i} w_{i} \mu_{i}}{\sum_{i} w_{i}}$$
where $\mu_{i}$ are the means of the individual distributions shown in the plot, and $w_{i} = 1 / (\sigma_{i} /\sqrt{n})^{2}$ are the weights, which can be used to compute a weighted standard-error:
$${\rm{SE}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\sum_{i} w_{i}}}$$
I was wondering if there are better approaches where I could avoid binning or dividing the data up. One approach I have considered is considering the data as a mixed-distribution (mixed-normal distributions, with different $\sigma$) and performing a maximum-likelihood evaluation with the hypothesis
$$G(x) = \sum_{i}\hat{w}_{i}g(x|\mu_{i}, \sigma_{i})$$
where ${w}_{i}$ are normalised weights and $g(x|\mu_{i}, \sigma_{i})$ are the component normal distributions.
I would then construct my weighted mean and standard error from the parameters of this MLE.
What I want to avoid is binning the data if possible, and assumptions based on where one distribution begins and ends.

The property I am measuring is from a normal distribution. I can say this with some certainty due to the physics of the problem. However due to laboratory conditions the standard deviation can fluctuate (the mean can also fluctuate but to a lesser extent -- the mean is always very close to 0). The scatter of the measurement can be stable for a few hours before changing. I have many datasets recorded over the course of month, so it seems reasonable to group the data by like-scatter and perform a weighted mean. However this requires me to make an assumption on group size, or what constitutes "like-scatter".
When I group data into like plots, Shapiro-Wilk tests and Q-Q plots all indicate that the data is indeed normally distributed, while autocorrelation tests imply randomness (no autocorrelation).

A: There seems to be a smooth dependence of variance on observation index, so you could try a joint modeling approach,  see for instance Articles that work with covariates for mean, variance, and correlation simultaneously. Maybe also look into if there is autocorrelation (show us a plot!), and tell us what your data represents, and how it was obtained.

There are earlier post about estimation with estimated weights, for instance Determine weights in weighted least squares regression,  and  this list.  A paper on this topic is available in JSTOR.
Carroll, Raymond J., et al. "The Effect of Estimating Weights in Weighted Least Squares." Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 83, no. 404, 1988, pp. 1045–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2290134. Accessed 6 Nov. 2022.

We can look at some simple simulations to see how much better we can do with a weighted mean, with data similar to yours. I will write simulation code (in R) that easily can be extended with other approaches. First I will show a dataset simulated similar to yours, with overlaid curves (red) of plus/minus two (known) standard deviations:

The optimal weights for the weighted mean is the inverse variance, which is known for the simulated data. In practive we must estimate the variance. That can be done in many ways, here I will use the R package gamlss, which implements joint estimation of mean and variance, in a framework which is an extension of the usual glm's (generalized linear models), in that we can also define link functions (and then a regression model) for the variance. I will define two models, one estimating a quadratic variance function (we simulated with a quadratic variance function), another with the variance modeled via a spline function. Both uses a log link function (and an identity link for the mean.) Then we simulate data as above 1000 times and estimates the mean by five methods:

*

*unweighted mean

*optimal weighted mean

*weighted mean with weights estimated by gamlss with quadratic variance function

*weighted mean with weights estimated by gamlss with spline variance function

*weighted mean with weights from variance estimated by bins/buckets (I use 100 observations by bin)

and finally we present the squareroot of the mean square residual error around the known truth, zero:
m.unweighted  m.optweighted   m.bucket     m.gamlss0     m.gamlss1
0.02416481    0.02160241      0.02175347   0.02149437    0.02152971

It might be better to present this as relative efficiencies, that is, as a ratio of variances as compared to the optimal weights:
m.unweighted  m.optweighted   m.bucket     m.gamlss0     m.gamlss1
1.2513028     1.0000000       1.0140346    0.9900230     0.9932804

Note the small differences, but it seems that you can gain some by using, say, a spline variance model. The spline-based scheme is better that binning.  For your data, I suspect there will be autocorrelation in time, which we have not modeled.

I will give some details and code, so the simulations can be adapted. First let us repeat the data plot, but with all the different standard deviations estimates given:

From this plot it is clear that the main step is to go from the constant variance model, with relatively small differences between the estimated variance function methods. I would go for the flexible spline model. So some code:
N <- 1400
Index <- 1:N

varfun <- function(trange) {
    ma <- 6; mi <- 0.6^2
    inds <- (trange - min(trange))/diff(range(trange))
    vars <- (0.25-inds*(1.0-inds))*(ma-mi) + mi
    vars
    }

set.seed(7*11*13)# My public seed
sigmatrue <- sqrt(varfun(Index))
Y <- rnorm(N, 0, sd=sigmatrue)

mydata <- data.frame(Y, Index, sigmatrue)

Using gamlss to estimate the model with a quadratic variance function:
library(gamlss)
mod0 <- gamlss::gamlss(Y  ~ 1, sigma.formula=  ~ Index + I(Index^2),
                       data= mydata)

sigma0 <- predict(mod0, what="sigma", type="response")

The variable sigma0 contains the estimated standard deviations from this model, estimated jointly with the mean. The mean estimate can be read from the model summary:
 mod0

Family:  c("NO", "Normal")
Fitting method: RS()

Call:  gamlss::gamlss(formula = Y ~ 1, sigma.formula = ~Index +
    I(Index^2), data = mydata)

Mu Coefficients:
(Intercept)
    0.01302
Sigma Coefficients:
(Intercept)        Index   I(Index^2)
  4.426e-01   -2.663e-03    1.899e-06

 Degrees of Freedom for the fit: 4 Residual Deg. of Freedom   1396
Global Deviance:     3467.21
            AIC:     3475.21
            SBC:     3496.19

The estimated mean is the same as the weighted mean using inverse variance weights from the estimated variance function, as can be seen from
 weighted.mean(Y, (1/sigma0)^2)
[1] 0.01302066

The other spline model can be treated likewise so will not be given. Directly to the simulation code:
var_buckets <- function(Y, size) {
# If size do not divide length(Y) throw an error:
    n <- length(Y)
    stopifnot( n%%size == 0 )
    k <- n%/%size # Number of buckets
    vars <- numeric(n) ; len <- n/k
    for (i in 1:k) vars[((i-1)*len+1):(i*len)] <-
                       var(Y[((i-1)*len+1):(i*len)])
    return( vars )
    }

sigmabuckets <- sqrt(var_buckets(Y, 100))

B <- 1000
set.seed(7*11*13)# My public seed
sigmatrue <- sqrt(varfun(Index))
one_iter <- function() {
    mydat <- data.frame(Y=rnorm(N, 0, sd=sigmatrue), Index)
    mod0 <- gamlss::gamlss(Y  ~ 1, sigma.formula=  ~ Index + I(Index^2),
                       data= mydat)
    mod1 <- gamlss::gamlss(Y  ~ 1, sigma.formula=  ~ pb(Index),
                           data= mydat)   # pb uses CV for choosing df
    sigma0 <- predict(mod0, what="sigma", type="response")
    sigma1 <- predict(mod1, what="sigma", type="response")
    m.unweighted <- c(with(mydat, mean(Y)))
    m.optweighted <- c(with(mydat, weighted.mean(Y, (1/sigmatrue)^2)))
    m.gamlss0 <-  coef(mod0) ; names(m.gamlss0) <- NULL
    m.gamlss1 <-  coef(mod1) ; names(m.gamlss1) <- NULL
    sigmabucket <- with(mydat,  sqrt( var_buckets(Y, 100) ))
    m.bucket <- with(mydat, weighted.mean(Y, (1/sigmabucket)^2 ))
    return(c(m.unweighted=m.unweighted,
             m.optweighted=m.optweighted,
             m.bucket=m.bucket,
             m.gamlss0=m.gamlss0,
             m.gamlss1=m.gamlss1))
    }

simresults <- t(replicate(B, one_iter() ))


text:
Michigan bans flavored e-cigarettes, vaping products
Macomb Legal News
By David Eggert
LANSING (AP) — Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer moved last week to make her state the first to ban flavored electronic cigarettes, accusing companies of using candy flavors and deceptive advertising to "hook children on nicotine."
The Democrat ordered the state health department to issue emergency rules that will prohibit the sale of flavored nicotine vaping products, including to adults, and the misleading marketing of e-cigarettes.
Retailers will have 30 days to comply with the rules once they're filed in coming weeks. The rules will almost certainly be challenged in court.
New York last November began taking steps to bar the sale of flavored e-cigarettes but withdrew proposed rules, and legislators rejected Gov. Andrew Cuomo's budget proposal to clarify the state health department's authority to limit sales.
The federal government and states ban the sale of vaping products to minors, yet government survey figures show that last year, one in five U.S. high school students reported vaping in the previous month.
Top government health officials, including the surgeon general, have flagged the trend as an epidemic.
"This is a health crisis that we're confronting, and it would never be permitted if it was cigarettes. We're letting these companies target our kids, appeal to our kids and deceive our children," Whitmer told reporters. Michigan's chief medical executive determined that youth vaping constitutes a public health emergency.
As of the last week in August, 215 possible cases of severe pulmonary disease associated with the use of e-cigarettes had been reported by 25 states, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Michigan officials are investigating six such cases. At least two deaths in the U.S. have been linked to vaping, one announced in Illinois last month and another in Oregon announced last week. The Oregon death is the first linked by health officials to a product purchased at a marijuana dispensary.
Whitmer's move drew praise from public health advocates, school groups and Democratic lawmakers, but criticism from organizations that advocate for vaping and some Republicans in the GOP-led Legislature.
"This shameless attempt at backdoor prohibition will close down several hundred Michigan small businesses and could send tens of thousands of ex-smokers back to deadly combustible cigarettes," said Gregory Conley, president of the American Vaping Association. "These businesses and their customers will not go down without a fight. We look forward to supporting the lawsuits that now appear necessary to protect the right of adults to access these harm reduction products."
He said the ban would create a "massive" black market. He blamed the recent spate of illnesses on illegal vape pens that contain THC, the compound that gives marijuana its high.
Health experts say nicotine is harmful to developing brains, and some researchers worry addicted teens will eventually switch from vaping to smoking.
The rise in teen vaping has been driven mainly by flavored cartridge-based products such as Juul. The odorless devices can be used discreetly in bathrooms, hallways and even classrooms.
Juul's executives have disputed allegations that they have marketed their products to teens, declaring that they have taken unprecedented steps to combat underage use of its e-cigarettes.
Nearly 80 percent of underage teenagers who use e-cigarettes and other tobacco products cited flavors when asked why they took up the habit, according to government research.
Battery-powered e-cigarettes, which have grown into a more than $6 billion-a-year industry, typically heat a flavored nicotine solution into an inhalable aerosol. Juul controls roughly three-quarters of the U.S. retail market.
It's unclear what percentage of the market may be affected by the ban, which would not apply to tobacco-flavored products. Conley said more than half of vaping products are sold in vape shops, online or from other locations that are largely untracked, unlike those purchased at gas stations and convenience stores.
He estimated that nearly every Michigan vaping shop, however, would lose at least 90 percent of its sales.
State Rep. Beau LaFave, a Republican from Iron Mountain, criticized the governor's decision, which came three months after she signed laws barring minors from using e-cigarettes.
"That's an infringement on adults," he said. "This has nothing to do with children. This is only about Gov. Whitmer taking her liberal beliefs and feeling that she knows better than everybody
else, and they can't make the decision for themselves."
Whitmer defended her order, saying it is important to not only enforce the existing e-cigarette ban against minors but also to remove the flavored products from commerce entirely.
Companies flavor their e-cigarettes like bubblegum, fruit loops cereal and apple juice, she said, to get kids addicted — "creating consumers for them so they can make money at the risk of children's health."
Most experts agree the aerosol is less harmful than cigarette smoke because it does not contain most of the cancer-causing byproducts of burning tobacco.
But there is virtually no research on the long-term effects of the vaping chemicals, some of which are toxic.
Several national health groups, including the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Medical Association, backed Michigan's planned ban and renewed calls for the Food and Drug Administration to prohibit the sale of thousands of flavored vaping products nationwide.
AP Health Writer Matthew Perrone in Washington contributed to this report.
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