Until recently, the typical retirement plan combined pension and social security benefits with personal savings. However, this plan is more and more unrealistic.
Americans dreaming of a worries-free golden age need to consider investing for retirement. This is not some extreme assumption of the media but the clear warning of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Commissioner Kara M. Stein presented the retirement crisis as a tsunami ever since October last year.
In her speech, she explains that the Social Security trust fund's evolution has been anything but encouraging and the numbers suggest it will be depleted by 2034. Apparently, the United States' retirement savings gap already exceeded $30 trillion and will continue to grow by approximately $3 trillion/year. As if that were not enough, fewer and fewer employers include pensions in their employees' benefits packages.
Therefore, Americans dreaming of retirement have no option but to sponsor their retirement themselves, through savings and investments. Unfortunately, the 2018 report of the National Institute on Retirement Security suggests that most Americans are nowhere near achieving this goal.
Retirement account owners have an average annual income three times greater than that of individuals with no retirement account.
The median balance of the retirement accounts of all working-age individuals in the U.S. is $0.
Among working individuals who do own one or more retirement savings accounts, the median balance is a modest $40,000.
3 % of individuals aged 55-64 have retirement savings lower than their annual income.
7% of individuals have a lower net worth than their retirement savings target.
If you are part of these dire statistics, do not despair. Our guide on investing for retirement can help you recover the lost time and achieve your retirement savings target.
But before we discuss retirement investment options, let's see how much money you need and what retirement savings accounts are available.
Most people assume that their financial needs will diminish considerably after retirement. However, this is not necessarily true. It depends on the lifestyle the retiree maintains, on their health condition and potential healthcare needs, on their longevity, and a series of other factors that should be accounted for.
It is one thing to continue to live independently in your own home, in a town with low living costs, and a completely different thing to move to a luxurious retirement facility or travel around the world.
Some retirees can continue working part-time even during their retirement. Others have such precarious health that they find themselves forced to retire earlier than they initially planned and even require permanent care and/or expensive treatments.
Only you can calculate how much money you will need when you retire. Just take into account factors such as longevity, inflation, living and health expenses, etc.
If you want an easy solution, you can apply the theory according to which individuals wanting to enjoy the same comfort and lifestyle after they retire will need around 80-90% of their pre-retirement income.
There are many different formulas you can use to calculate your retirement needs. We preferred the easy way out and used an online calculator. We'll discuss the results in detail below.
An individual fitting this profile would need to save approximately $1,798,883 for their retirement (see retirement investing calculator screenshot below). This would take setting aside $2,830 a month, namely over 50% of their monthly income.
For the return rate, we wanted to take into account a best-case scenario and started from Capital One's Annual Percentage Yield for IRA Certificates of Deposit, ranging from 2.7% for one year and 3.1% for 5 years certificates.
We increased the return rate to 4% assuming there would be better offers out there and the APY would increase with the longer period.
Sure, the above example will not apply to everyone. There can be significant differences in starting age, income, marital status, retirement age, initial retirement savings, return rate, potential social security benefits, estimated retirement period, and more.
However, the above amounts make it clear that a retirement savings plan will be a burden to any budget. Even someone starting to save for retirement at 25 years of age (40 years of savings) according to the example above would need $2,192,828 to retire (see retirement investing calculator screenshot below). This would require saving $2,021/month, still a considerable amount.
The only solution to ease some of the burden is to focus on investing for retirement, not saving.
It would be nice to afford to deposit over $2,000 in a savings account every month. However, we all know it is difficult, if not impossible. If it were that easy, you wouldn't be worried about your retirement and reading this post in the first place.
Well, there is an alternative to splitting your income in half and letting one half linger in a savings account: retirement investing.
We will discuss retirement investment options later in this post. What matters is that, done right, investing for retirement can be considerably cheaper than saving.
To give you an idea of how much cheaper, we used the same calculator and data above but increased the return rate to 8% before retirement and 4% during retirement.
The person in our example above would need $1,453,864 to retire if they start investing for retirement at 35 (see retirement investing calculator screenshot below). This would mean investing $1,165/month, less than half of the $2,830 required if they were only saving for retirement.
Someone who starts investing for retirement at 25 under the same circumstances described above would need $1,772,252 to retire (see retirement investing calculator screenshot below). They could secure that by investing only $618/month, around three times less than the $2,021 required if they were only saving.
While the retirement investing calculator we used and the situation we described may not be entirely accurate or representative for your situation, they prove without a doubt that any retirement plans should include investments.
Before you start researching investment options, and we'll help with that too, there are a few simple important aspects you should consider. We'll cover them in the following lines.
Investing for retirement while you carry high-interest debts wouldn't be very productive. You should consider paying out such debts before you begin investing.
For example, most credit cards have an Annual Percentage Rate ranging between 15% and 25%. If you invest $10,000, you earn $800/year. However, if you carry revolving credit card debt of the same value, you pay $1,500-$2,500/year as interest.
Pro tip: It is easy to get carried away, spend the money you earn, and remain both in debt and with no savings. To make sure that doesn't happen to you and earn your financial freedom, check out debt-paying helpers like Tally and Debt Genius.
Unforeseen expenses appear all the time. Your car breaking down or a water pipe bursting and flooding your home could mess up your budget big time.
Without an emergency fund to allow you to cover unforeseen expenses, you will have no other options but to spend your retirement savings or cash in on your investments.
Pro tip: Don't be discouraged if you can only deposit small amounts in your emergency fund or you keep spending it. What matters is to have some cash set aside for emergencies, to avoid spending your retirement savings. Our 13-Tip Guide on How to Save for an Emergency Fund will surely help you reach your goal.
If you're married, living with your children, or in another close relationship, it may be a good idea to discuss your plans with the person next to you. They may be interested in contributing or they may be aware of some high-return retirement investment options.
No matter the situation, if they later find out you have been investing for retirement behind their back, your relationship may suffer. This is especially true if you are married and you manage money as a couple.
Pro tip: Convince your close ones to join you in your efforts to save money for retirement. If you work together, everything should be easier, from paying your debts to starting the emergency fund and avoiding retirement planning mistakes.
While investing for retirement is more profitable than keeping the money in a savings account, it also involves some risk. To lower the risk and have a safety net in case things do not work out the way you want them, it is always a good idea to pursue several retirement investment options and divide your money between two or more savings accounts.
Pro tip: Always start investing with low amounts and test several options to see what works for you. Do not close the door on new opportunities. From stocks, dividend stocks, and certificates of deposit to real estate, personal loans, and bitcoin, any opportunity is worth looking into.
Not all your investments will pay results, and some will yield higher returns than others. Since it's your hard-earned money and your future at stake, you cannot afford to adopt a set-and-forget approach. It is very important to monitor your investments and take action according to the results you obtain.
Pro tip: With a free personal finance app, you can monitor not only your investments but also your savings, expenses, debts, and more. It will save you considerable time and effort.
Now that you know how much money you will need for a worries-free retirement and that a combination of savings and investments is your best chance to obtain it, let's take a closer look at the savings and retirement options available out there.
There are several different types of accounts in which you can deposit your retirement savings. Some provide tax privileges. Others offer no tax benefits but are more convenient to use. There are also accounts with higher returns but subject to various terms and fees.
A 401(k) is the retirement account many employers start for their employees, often under the management of finance giants like Fidelity Investment. There are two types of 401(k) accounts.
Traditional 401(k) – The money you contribute to it is not subject to taxes, so you can set money aside and pay lower taxes at the same time. For example, if you have a taxable income of $60,000 and you redirect $10,000 of that money to your traditional 401 (k), you will only pay taxes on the remaining $50,000. The money accumulates APY and, when you withdraw it, you pay ordinary income taxes.
Roth 401 (k) – You will pay taxes on the money you redirect to this account (in the example above, if the $10,000 contribution is to a Roth 401 (k) account, your taxable income will be of $60,000). However, you do not pay taxes when you withdraw it.
Both types of accounts have rather high contribution limits, set at $19,000 for 2019 for contributors younger than 50, and at $25,000 for contributors aged 50 and up.
While different accounts have different benefits, when your employer has engaged to match a certain contribution, you should make sure you receive it. To decide whether to contribute more or redirect your earnings to another retirement savings account, assess if your 40 (k) plan has the following features.
Minimum 50% employer match. If you contribute 6% of your pay, your employer should contribute at least 3%. Assuming you earn $50,000/year, your annual contribution in one year would be of $3,000, and your employer would have to contribute another $1,500.
Auto-enrollment. Enrollment in some 401(k) plans takes place automatically and the employee can start participating immediately. Other accounts have a waiting period and start with lower contribution levels.
Low fees. Your 401(k) account will come with corresponding fees, so it is important to have them as low as possible. A comparison of various accounts will help you assess where you stand.
Short vesting schedule. This schedule determines how fast you can access your money. You should aim for immediate vesting. A 5-year vesting schedule could be inconvenient, to say the least, if you leave your employer within one or two years from starting your account.
Wide mutual funds offer. Unlike IRA accounts, 401(k) accounts offer limited retirement investment options. You should check the funds offered by yours to make sure they have good track records and low fees.
Auto-escalation. Some plans increase your contribution gradually, without even you feeling it. If your plan doesn't offer this feature, you'll have to monitor and increase the percentage yourself, especially if your retirement plans involve contributing 10% or more.
Contribute. You'll save money on taxes and make your goals of investing for retirement easier to attain. Besides, an empty account won't yield returns.
Make sure you get the maximum from your employer. Their contribution will most likely depend on yours, so the more you contribute, the more they will, too.
Don't keep too much money in employer stocks. Some employers will contribute company stocks to your account. While holding on to some stocks is proof of confidence in the company's future, the stocks may drop in value and cost you to lose money.
Avoid cashing out. Just because you're changing jobs it doesn't mean you should cash out your retirement savings, especially if you're going to spend it. Let it grow, transfer it to your new 401(k) account, or convert the funds into an annuity that you can cash as monthly sums when you retire.
Don't borrow. Whenever financial hardships arise, you'll be tempted to borrow money from your 401(k). Don't do it. You will always repay a loan or pay out a credit card, but chances are you will never put the money back into your 401(k). You'll lose not only the money you borrowed but also the return they would have yielded had you let it grow.
Pro tip: Professional 401(k) account management is now more accessible than ever. You'll save time and money, monitor your account's evolution from your smartphone, and secure higher returns.
Read more about how you can maximize your 401(k) here!
As the name suggests, an IRA is a retirement savings account. You can start it with almost any bank or brokerage company. Like 401(k) accounts, they are of two main types: Traditional IRA and Roth IRA. You can find an in-depth comparison of the two here.
The most important difference is similar to the one between the Traditional 401(k) and the Roth 401(k), tax-related. Traditional IRAs rely on pre-tax money but their distributions are taxable income. Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax money but their distributions are tax-free.
As far limits are concerned, in 2019, they rise to $6,000 for contributors up to 50 years of age and $7,000 for those aged 50 or older. IRA accounts support investments in mutual funds, individual stocks, ETFs, bonds, and more.
The Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) IRA is a viable option for the self-employed. Its contribution limit for 2019 is of 20% of income or $56.000.
The Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees (SIMPLE) IRA is a plan for employers with less than 100 employees very similar to traditional 401(k) accounts. The difference lies with the employers' obligation to contribute. For employees, the contribution limits for 2019 are $13,000 for those younger than 50 and $16,000 for those aged 50 and up.
Pro tip: Pay attention to fees and returns when choosing what type of account to open and where. An apparently small difference, of 0.5-1% can end up costing you a couple of years of retirement. Remember that you'll be paying that additional percentage in fees, or losing that additional percentage in returns for a couple of decades.
Online access (not all banks have apps and online platforms for clients wanting to manage and monitor their savings account).
Bankrate provides a helpful overview of the best savings account offers and rates in March 2019. Before you open an account, assess your needs and expectations, compare offers, do your math, and try to look at the account as part of the big picture that is your retirement investing plan. Does it add any value or support your goals in any way? If not, you don't need it?
Pro tip: Regular account savings have low APY, usually up to 2.5%, so don't rely on them to help with your retirement savings. They're great when you need withdrawal flexibility or you don't meet the requirements for other types of accounts.
Certificates of deposit (CDs) are savings certificates or promissory notes issued by banks and backed up by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. They have a fixed maturity date, restricting investor access to them. They compensate for the limited access to funds through higher APY.
Generally, CDs make a better retirement saving option than savings accounts when you have money that you know for sure you will not need to access for a period of up to five years and you want to avoid the risks that come with some forms of investing for retirement.
Negotiability – Some CDs (non-negotiable) do not allow transfers, sales, or exchanges. The only solution to recover your money before the maturity date (1 to 5 years) is to cash them and pay the early withdrawal penalty. Negotiable CDs allow selling on secondary markets but can only be cashed at the maturity date. However, they have shorter maturity dates (between 2 weeks and 1 year).
Value – There are small (under $100,000) CDs and large or jumbo CDs (over $100,000).
Specialty – You can choose between several varieties of CDs: liquid (no or low early withdrawal penalty), bump-up (access to new higher interest rates), step-up (interest rate rising at regular intervals), IRA CDs (held in IRA accounts), brokered (sold through brokerage accounts).
Pro tip: If you decide to invest in CDs but you are not sure how long you can wait to cash them, settle for small certificates with various maturity dates. This way, if the need arises, you can cash the CDs with the shortest term and a value close to the amount you need.
These are contracts between insurance companies and policy holders. With an annuity, you make regular payments in exchange for a fixed or variable return and regular payments beginning immediately or at a future pre-set date.
The payments can last for a pre-determined period (say 20 years) or for the rest of your life. Some insurance policies allow payments to other beneficiaries as well.
Annuities can have a structure similar to fixed income investments, like bonds, and add a fixed interest rate to the principal. They can also resemble equity investments and have uncertain growth, dependent on the performance of a certain security index, like the S&P 500.
The principal grows tax-free until distribution.
There are also a few disadvantages to keep in mind. Annuity purchase commissions can reach 10%. Onerous charges apply to withdrawals before the contract-agreed date. There are also penalties for early withdrawals (before the age of 59 or 60).
Pro tip: Never purchase annuities in a tax-sheltered account like IRA. You may only do this after you retire if you want to secure your income for the rest of your life.
Now you know how to save money for your retirement, but we've already established that saving can only get you so far. It is time you considered investing for retirement, and we'll help you find the solutions that work for you in the following lines.
As you may already know, there are several retirement investment options, each with its pros and cons. Let's review the most common ones and see what they have to offer.
Bonds are basically loans you can give to the government or to corporations. In exchange for lending them your money, you receive a fixed interest rate, usually paid twice a year. While there is always a risk that the borrower will not be able to pay you back, bonds have an associated credit risk that you can use to guide your investments.
Bonds are usually issued in $1,000 units. They can be traded but their market value will vary according to the current market interest rates.
If the bond's interest rate is higher than the current market interest rate, its market value will exceed its initial value.
If the bond's interest rate is lower than the current market interest rate, its market value will be lower, to compensate for the difference of interest.
Bonds make great retirement investment options because they have a fixed, known return, and their principal is repaid at maturity.
Pro tips: Bonds issued by municipalities, states, and few other issuers are not taxed but you should never purchase them in tax-favored retirement accounts. U.S. Government bills and treasury bonds are the safest. Otherwise, to minimize risks when investing for retirement, settle for bonds rated Aaa (Moody's best rating) and AAA (Standard & Poor's best rating).
Stock prices change according to the company's market evolution, the actions and perceptions of the shareholders', and the potential investors' perception of the company's future. When the general perception is positive and optimistic, stock prices increase. When the opposite occurs, prices stagnate or decrease. Any decrease in stock prices will translate into losses for the investor.
Stock price fluctuations are common and not always justified. This means investors take high risks. The good news is that stocks are traded publicly, easy to buy and sell, transparent, and subject to clear and strict regulations.
Most of the times, the risk will depend on the experience of your financial advisor but even the best analysts make mistakes too. If, until last year, the stock market yielded returns of over 10%, 2018 ended on a negative vibe.
Pro tip: If you want to try your hand at stock investing for retirement, limit your investments to a small amount that will not jeopardize your retirement plans if you lose it and choose your stock broker carefully. You'll have plenty of time to increase your investment once you get the hang of it.
REITs and MLPs are popular options for anyone considering investing for retirement as they have high cash distribution.
REITs may own property, manage it and collect rent, and/or own mortgages.
MLPs are common in the energy and natural resources sector. They usually own oil and gas reserves about to be exploited.
The great thing about REITs and MLPs is that, unlike corporate dividends, they are not subject to double taxation. Also, they distribute most of their income every year (REITs have to distribute nearly 90% of their annual taxable income).
If you invest in this type of partnerships, your return on investment will come from distributions and, hopefully, increases in property or reserve value.
Pro tip: Keep in mind that part of the distributions you receive every year will be a return of your capital resulting from depletion and depreciation. If necessary, you can trade your REIT and MLP units just as you would trade bonds or stocks.
These funds can be traded similarly to stocks but they benefit from built-in diversification – their active management is resumed to aligning the fund's performance with the evolution of the tracked index.
This limited management requirement translates into low administrative costs. Since they involve reduced trading activity, ETFs produce fewer taxable capital gains and higher returns on investment.
They are an excellent solution for tax-deferred retirement accounts and usually have an investment horizon of 10 years or more.
Pro tip: Although today's ETFs can track a wide variety of indexes, including select commodities and junk bonds, the performance of indexes associated with less traded assets is more difficult to replicate. To avoid risks and uncertainty, frequent trade index options are preferable.
These retirement investment options have been around for more than a century. They require registration with the Securities Exchange Commission and compliance with the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Pro tip: Think twice before investing in mutual funds and study your options carefully. Besides bringing about high management costs, these portfolios have an uncertain market value, closely related to the market dynamic. It is not uncommon for investors to transfer their mutual funds to ETFs targeting the lower management costs, the simpler trading process, and the higher tax efficiency.
Cryptocurrency is a currency or digital asset that uses cryptography to allow safe financial transactions, control additional unit creation, and verify currency or assets transfers. If the term doesn't ring a bell, the name of the most popular cryptocurrency to date, bitcoin, surely will.
The great thing about cryptocurrency is that you can get it for free, mine it, or buy it. It is also easy to trade. If you're worried about bitcoin's risky evolution throughout the past year, there are many lesser-known cryptocurrencies with promising perspectives.
Pro tip: Investing for retirement in cryptocurrency could be a life-changing move, considering the huge return such investments may yield. However, the risks are not negligible either. They are so high that you should only invest small amounts that you can afford to lose and only after carefully studying the market. There are many ways to make money with cryptocurrency but they all require an open mind and willingness to learn.
If you like the idea of investing in digital assets but you are worried about the risks, there are safer retirement investment options you can consider. They are called security tokens and they are basically cryptographic tokens backed by tradable securities.
They comply with SEC regulations, and they pay dividends, interest, or profit shares to their holders. You can buy them directly from their issuer, on security token issuance platforms like Polymath, Securrency, Securitize, or Harbor, or on exchange platforms like tZero, Open Finance Network, or BankToTheFuture.
Pro tip: 2019 is said to be "the year of the security token". It could also be the year when you start investing for retirement the smart way, with high returns and low risks. Just take your time learning all there is to know about security tokens and related-investments.
Now that you have a better idea of what investing for retirement involves, you are probably worried that you will be unable to amass the necessary money. It's normal.
If you stick to the savings accounts and options presented above, you don't assume risks, but chances are you won't be able to gather the money you need.
On the other hand, investing for retirement is promising yet risky. It could bring the returns you need to reach your retirement goals but you could also lose some of your savings and compromise your future.
But what if there were a better, simpler, safer solution to retirement saving? What if you could learn everything within minutes and start investing with a touch on your smartphone's screen? Guess what: you can!
Keeping with up with technology has its perks, and one of them is that you can invest or have others invest for you with just one or several intuitive apps. Your investments can range from stocks and bonds to real estate, cryptocurrency, and more.
For example, you can invest in real estate with Fundrise or Roofstock, or in stocks with Betterment and Ally Invest. You can lend money to peers with Lending Club, or make money trading cryptocurrency with Coinbase or Binance.
Pro tip: If you want to start your investment adventure safely and with minimum impact on your budget, use Acorns! It rounds up your credit card payments and invests the change in the stock market. You won't feel it's working for you until you see the money piling up in your account!
Read more about Acorns and how it can support your retirement investing plans here!
There are many more apps that take the guesswork out of investing for retirement and bring incredibly high and safe returns. Testing them and choosing the best ones for you may take a little time. However, the high return rates will be worth it.
As you advance with your plans of investing for retirement, don't hesitate to keep us informed of your progress and share the retirement investment options that worked best for you!


Oval image: 18.5 cm x 13.4 cm; on mount: 30.5 cm x 25.1 cm.
This photograph of abolitionist and inventor Thaddeus Hyatt was sent to his Massachusetts lawyer and fellow abolitionist Samuel E. Sewall in April of 1860 from Hyatt's cell in the Washington jail.
Thaddeus Hyatt was born in 1816 in Rahway, New Jersey, and is perhaps best remembered as a structural engineer and inventor of translucent paving glass for sidewalks and walkways. Hyatt's "vault lights"--glass lenses set into cast iron (and later concrete) frames--created sidewalks which provided light to the areas below. The fortune amassed from this invention and others allowed Hyatt to pursue his passions which, after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, included the establishment of Kansas as a free state and the abolition of slavery. He became a friend of the ardent abolitionist John Brown, spearheading a fundraising effort on behalf of his family after Brown's arrest. Newspapers lauded Hyatt's effort, noting that his "integrity and devotion to freedom and humanity are widely known…"
After the failed raid on Harpers Ferry, the United States Senate commissioned an investigation into the matter, casting a wide net to find those who had helped Brown. Thaddeus Hyatt, who--in addition to being Brown's friend—had been falsely implicated by co-conspirator John E. Cook as one of the people who knew of Brown's plans beforehand, was drawn into their net. At first, Hyatt indicated his willingness to testify, but after arriving in Washington at the beginning of February, he stonewalled the committee and its increasingly imperious requests, asserting that the Senate was overstepping its power by compelling him to testify in an "unconstitutional exercise of authority." Needless to say, the Senate was not amused by his challenge to their authority and on 12 March 1860, voted 44 to 10 to jail Hyatt for contempt despite a lengthy argument on his behalf by Boston attorneys Samuel E. Sewall and John A. Andrew.
Hyatt, viewing himself as a martyr to the cause, accepted his imprisonment and continued his crusade. According to his obituary in the New York Times, "Instead of taking his imprisonment seriously he had his prison room decorated and furnished and then issued invitations to his friends. He never lacked visitors." He seemed to take a perverse pride in being locked up, having checks emblazoned with the jail's return address printed up, mailing "at home" cards to friends and politicians in Washington, and sending out his photograph to various friends inscribed from the Washington Jail.
In the end, the Senate investigation turned up little of what had been viewed by some Senators as an "intricate plot by Northern abolitionists to wreak havoc throughout the slaveholding south." Just thirty three people were interviewed between January and May, although others were called and failed to appear. Of the "Secret Six," Brown's financial backers, only George L. Stearns and Samuel Gridley Howe testified, both categorically denying any prior knowledge of the plot. Brown's son, John Jr., who presumably would have been privy to the planning, also refused to testify, remaining in Ohio and surrounding himself with armed bodyguards. Although arrest warrants were issued to John Brown, Jr., James Redpath, Franklin B. Sanborn, and Hyatt for failure to testify, only Hyatt was ever arrested. In June of 1860, the Senate wrapped up its inquiry and Hyatt was released from jail. In his insouciant fashion, he wired friends in New York, "Have been kicked out; will be home tomorrow." In the months after his release, Hyatt ran a contest for the best essays on the Constitutional limits of senatorial power; solicited funds to publish 40,000 copies of a speech by Charles Sumner; and offered a $1000 prize for the invention of a flying machine. He again became involved in Kansas relief efforts. In 1861, he went to France to serve as American Consul at LaRochelle. He moved to London in 1869 and died in 1901 at the age of 85 at his summer home in the Isle of Wight.
Who was Samuel E. Sewall?
Samuel Edmund Sewall (1799-1888) was a Boston-born lawyer and activist with impeccable antislavery credentials—his great-great grandfather, witchcraft trial judge Samuel Sewall wrote The Selling of Joseph, the first antislavery tract published in New England. Samuel entered Harvard University at age 13, graduating four years later near the top of his class and earning his law degree from Harvard in 1820. His first antislavery essay "On Slavery in the United States," published in 1827, called slavery "the curse of every country in which it has been adopted, equally baneful to the oppressed and the oppressor," but stopped short of demanding immediate and total abolition, advocating instead gradual emancipation and colonization.
In 1830, Sewall attended William Lloyd Garrison's first public lecture on slavery and became convinced that immediate abolition of slavery was a moral imperative, quickly putting his resources to work on the issue. He helped fund Garrison's Liberator and was a co-founder of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. In the 1850s, he worked tirelessly on behalf of fugitive slaves including Shadrach Minkins, Thomas Sims, and George Latimer. After the Civil War, Sewall became involved in the women's rights movement. He died of pneumonia at the age of 89.
Langsdorf, Edgar. "Thaddeus Hyatt in Washington Jail," Kansas Historical Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 3 (August 1940), p. 227-239.
Renehan, Edward J. The Secret Six: The True Tale of the Men Who Conspired with John Brown. New York: Crown Publishers, 1995.
Sewall, Samuel E. "On Slavery in the United States," Christian Examiner, vol. 4, no. 3 (May and June 1827), p.201-227.
Sewall, Samuel E. and John A. Andrew, counsel. Argument on Behalf of Thaddeus Hyatt, Brought before the Senate of the United States on a Charge of Contempt for Refusing to Appear as a Witness before the Harper's Ferry Committee. S.l.: s.n., 1860.
Tiffany, Nina Moore. Samuel E. Sewall: A Memoir. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1898.


Press Ctrl+H (Hooks) and choose "Hook to new object"
Now leave the Edit mode (back to Object Mode) and try to move newrly created Null object. You may see, that in 2.71 Null object doest not move the corner of the curve.
Jack J (JackyJuice) raised the priority of this task from to Needs Triage by Developer.
Jack J (JackyJuice) added projects: BF Blender, BF Blender: Regressions.
Jack J (JackyJuice) set Type to Bug.
Jack J (JackyJuice) added a subscriber: Jack J (JackyJuice).
The other steps make sense but I can't redo the bug.
Could you include a blend file with the selection set, immediately before you add the hook?
Note that hooks on vector handles aren't likely to be so useful, but don't think we should prevent it, because you may add a hook, then change handle types its hard to completely avoid.
Nevertheless, if this is a bug, we should fix of course.
Hi campbellbarton, thx for your reply.
Could you check with an official 2.71 release build?
Im using an official build of blender.
But ok, i've downloaded new archive and tried with it. No changes, its working as before(not hooking to the right object).
So, may be its a bug with my other installed software? What information do you need to proove the bug?
The issue reported can't be reproduced so far, and has been moved to the BF Blender: Unconfirmed project.
If 2 other people aren't able to redo the bug after 2 weeks, it will be closed.
We appreciate the effort that goes into making bug reports, but to be able to fix bugs we have to be able to redo them.
I also noticed that the hook empty is created a little off - not at the same position as the selected curve point.
The hook is created at center of triangle selection (control points + its handles).
I can reproduce it, too. Simply pressing Assign button of modifier solves the problem.
I think being able to add a hook to Curve handles is an interesting feature.
In this case, for vector handles, it is irrelevant.
But think about animating a 2D Bezier Shape who looks like changing a 6 branches Star into a 6 petals Flower or dozen of waves with a stage set look, simply by transforming an empty.
Of course, something like that can be done by curve shapes. But it is more efficient to transform (move, scale, rotate) an empty than to create several shapes for that.
@Gottfried Hofmann (gottfried), thanks for the video - I tried the *exact* same steps and it still works fine for me.


text:
Home » News Notes Rumors » Shut Up Michael Kay
July 18, 2007 News Notes Rumors Joe Janish
Shut Up Michael Kay
First, let me state that I enjoy listening to Michael Kay on the ride home every afternoon. Yup, I admit it — I'd rather listen to a Yankee homer than Fatcesspool and the Crapdog. Kay is fairly entertaining, usually gives the Mets ample attention on his show, and doesn't ever discuss baseball teams from San Francisco.
However, yesterday he spoke about something that made him laugh — and it makes ME laugh.
"Last week the Mets changed hitting coaches. The funny part is they changed hitting coaches because they felt that their philosophy of taking pitches, working the count, wasn't being instituted. And I kind of laughed at that … Rick Down is the guy who brought THAT philosophy to the Yankees … did Omar simply not like Rick Down?"
Um, Michael … puh-leeze tell me you weren't serious. No, really. Do you think that Rick Down's philosophy of working the count is some kind of new idea? Further, do you really, honestly believe that just because a guy's philosophy is correct, and in line with the organization's, is the penultimate reason to keep his job?
Take my hand, Michael, and allow me to introduce you to the rest of the world — the one outside of professional sports. For example, let's examine a business that sells a product, or products — go ahead, pick any one you want. Now, let's say that the company's philosophy is to sell their goods based on exceptional customer service. Let's also say that their regional sales manager lives and breathes exactly that philosophy. Let's go even further, and say that manager's team set company sales records the year before. Are you with me, Michael? OK.
Now let's say that the company is looking at their sales numbers for this year, and they're down — and that the numbers in the aforementioned manager's region are particularly down. Now, that manager has the same sales team from the year before, and still holds the same philosophy, but the sales aren't where they were a year ago. Who's to blame?
In the real world, Michael, that sales manager might be given a chance to ignite his staff, or might be told to fire the members of his team, or he'll be fired himself. It doesn't matter if he understands the company's philosophies and goals or not — the bottom line is, he has to be able to effectively communicate them. He has to implement the philosophy, and find a way to drive the team toward the goals. If he doesn't, he's gone.
Now, back to pro sports. The Mets' goal is a World Championship. They have, effectively, the same personnel in place. Their hitting is not up to snuff — the offensive statistics are down, and the players are not adhering to the organizational philosophy of working counts. It doesn't matter if Rick Down knows what the batters should be doing, it matters that he can't get them to do it. The measure of a manager or a coach is that he can extract the full potential of his players — not simply that his theories and philosophies make sense. Rick Down can preach all he wants about what he thinks about deep counts, but if he can't convince Damion Easley not to swing at the first pitch in the seventh inning of a one-run game, then he has failed in his role as hitting coach.
Yes, I know, part of the Rick Down firing was to shake things up. There had to be a scapegoat, as you can't fire the players, so Down gets the boot. And yes, the players' lackluster performance is much their own fault. However, to those who live and work in the real world, and have witnessed the removal of managers in the corporate setting, do not see Down's firing as surprising, nor illogical. It's the way life works — someone gets paid to lead others toward a goal, the goal is not met, the leader gets fired. Not uncommon, and part of the deal.
So, Michael, before you "laugh" at a decision made by the management of an organization, consider the reality of the world. And also, that sometimes a pro sports team does, in fact, expect results — just like a "real" business.
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Next Williams Clears Waivers
Joe Janish began MetsToday in 2005 to provide the unique perspective of a high-level player and coach -- he earned NCAA D-1 All-American honors as a catcher and coached several players who went on to play pro ball. As a result his posts often include mechanical evaluations, scout-like analysis, and opinions that go beyond the numbers. Follow Joe's baseball tips on Twitter at @onbaseball and at the On Baseball Google Plus page.
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The Metssiah Arrives

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Playing with XBMC to see if I like it to stream media from a variety of sources including an HP MediaVault. Check back in a couple of days and see how it is going.
It is difficult to put into words all that XBMC can do, head to the gallery to see some examples, or take the plunge and Try it Today.


7/01/2013 · Computer ~ Local Disk (C:) ~ Users ~ (Whatever user you are on your computer) ~ AppData ~ Local ~ Google ~ Chrome ~ User Data ~ Default ~ Extensions You should see the folder …... It appears that the folder name is the extension ID. I came across an article on stackoverflow detailing how to find an extension ID HERE. The top answer details how the extension ID is in the Chrome Web Store URL that the extension has.
7/01/2013 · Computer ~ Local Disk (C:) ~ Users ~ (Whatever user you are on your computer) ~ AppData ~ Local ~ Google ~ Chrome ~ User Data ~ Default ~ Extensions You should see the folder …... The chrome shortcut icon can also help you find this folder if you are facing any kind of difficulty in locating the folder. A right click on the icon will display a menu and you are required to go to the "properties". A new window will then appear. Under the "target" option, you can find the location to the desired extension.
Like Mozilla Firefox, the Google Chrome browser profile folder stores all information related to your browser, including settings, bookmarks, saved passwords, history, cookies, extensions…... How to Add Hidden Extension of File Type in Windows 10 for Security Purpose After you clear the checkbox Hide extensions for known file types in Folder Options, Windows 10 will display most of the file extensions leaving behind some of the system reserved file extensions like URL (internet shortcuts), lnk (file shortcuts).
In the chrome://extensions/ page, navigate to the UiPath extension. Under the UiPath Extension, select the Allow access to file URLs check box. (Optionally) If you already have loaded pages that you want to automate, please reload them.
Description: Use the chrome.fileSystem API to create, read, navigate, and write to the user's local file system. With this API, Chrome Apps can read and write to a user-selected location.
The extension considerably enhances Chrome's file browser. However, note that this does not work on Chromebooks, or any machines running a Linux-based OS. In addition, the reason this feature is not built-in to Chrome is for security reasons.


text:
I.T Asset Disposal
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Data Shredding
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I.T Asset Redeployment
Managed I.T Services
Items We Collect
Downloads | Resources
What is computer recycling
Findings, recommendations and actions from ICO investigation into data analytics in political campaigns
Gigacycle > Information & Guidance > Findings, recommendations and actions from ICO investigation into data analytics in political campaigns
in Information & Guidance
Information Commissioner Elizabeth Denham has today published a detailed update of her office's investigation into the use of data analytics in political campaigns.
In March 2017, the ICO began looking into whether personal data had been misused by campaigns on both sides of the referendum on membership of the EU.
In May it launched an investigation that included political parties, data analytics companies and major social media platforms.
Today's progress report gives details of some of the organisations and individuals under investigation, as well as enforcement actions so far.
This includes the ICO's intention to fine Facebook a maximum £500,000 for two breaches of the Data Protection Act 1998.
Facebook, with Cambridge Analytica, has been the focus of the investigation since February when evidence emerged that an app had been used to harvest the data of 50 million Facebook users across the world. This is now estimated at 87 million.
The ICO's investigation concluded that Facebook contravened the law by failing to safeguard people's information. It also found that the company failed to be transparent about how people's data was harvested by others.
Facebook has a chance to respond to the Commissioner's Notice of Intent, after which a final decision will be made.
Other regulatory action set out in the report comprises:
warning letters to 11 political parties and notices compelling them to agree to audits of their data protection practices;
an Enforcement Notice for SCL Elections Ltd to compel it to deal properly with a subject access request from Professor David Carroll;
a criminal prosecution for SCL Elections Ltd for failing to properly deal with the ICO's Enforcement Notice;
an Enforcement Notice for Aggregate IQ to stop processing retained data belonging to UK citizens;
a Notice of Intent to take regulatory action against data broker Emma's Diary (Lifecycle Marketing (Mother and Baby) Ltd); and
audits of the main credit reference companies and Cambridge University Psychometric Centre.
Information Commissioner Elizabeth Denham said:
"We are at a crossroads. Trust and confidence in the integrity of our democratic processes risk being disrupted because the average voter has little idea of what is going on behind the scenes.
"New technologies that use data analytics to micro-target people give campaign groups the ability to connect with individual voters. But this cannot be at the expense of transparency, fairness and compliance with the law.
She added:
"Fines and prosecutions punish the bad actors, but my real goal is to effect change and restore trust and confidence in our democratic system."
A second, partner report, titled Democracy Disrupted? Personal information and political influence, sets out findings and recommendations arising out of the 14-month investigation.
Among the ten recommendations is a call for the Government to introduce a statutory Code of Practice for the use of personal data in political campaigns.
Ms Denham has also called for an ethical pause to allow Government, Parliament, regulators, political parties, online platforms and the public to reflect on their responsibilities in the era of big data before there is a greater expansion in the use of new technologies.
"People cannot have control over their own data if they don't know or understand how it is being used. That's why greater and genuine transparency about the use of data analytics is vital."
In addition, the ICO commissioned research from the Centre for the Analysis of Social Media at the independent thinktank DEMOS. Its report, also published today, examines current and emerging trends in how data is used in political campaigns, how use of technology is changing and how it may evolve in the next two to five years.
The investigation, one of the largest of its kind by a Data Protection Authority, remains ongoing. The 40-strong investigation team is pursuing active lines of enquiry and reviewing a considerable amount of material retrieved from servers and equipment.
The interim progress report has been produced to inform the work of the DCMS's Select Committee into Fake News.
The next phase of the ICO's work is expected to be concluded by the end of October 2018.
The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) is the UK's independent regulator for data protection and information rights law, upholding information rights in the public interest, promoting openness by public bodies and data privacy for individuals.
The ICO has specific responsibilities set out in the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA2018), the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA), Environmental Information Regulations 2004 (EIR) and Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003 (PECR).
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a new data protection law which applies in the UK from 25 May 2018. Its provisions are included in the Data Protection Act 2018. The Act also includes measures related to wider data protection reforms in areas not covered by the GDPR, such as law enforcement and security. The UK's decision to leave the EU will not affect the commencement of the GDPR.
However, due to the timing of certain incidents in this investigation, civil monetary penalties have to be issued under the previous legislation, the Data Protection Act 1998. The maximum financial penalty in civil cases under former laws is £500,000.
Under past and current law, the ICO can take action to change the behaviour of organisations and individuals that collect, use and keep personal information. This includes criminal prosecution, non-criminal enforcement and audit.
Since 25 May 2018, the ICO has the power to impose a civil monetary penalty (CMP) on a data controller of up to £17million (20m Euro) or 4% of global turnover.
The GDPR and the DPA2018 gave the ICO new strengthened powers, some of which, such as assessment notices can be used for this investigation because certain powers can be used as soon as the GDPR comes into force.
The data protection principles in the GDPR evolved from the original DPA, and set out the main responsibilities for organisations. Article 5 of the GDPR requires that personal data shall be:
Collected for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes and not further processed in a manner that is incompatible with those purposes;
Accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date
Kept in a form which permits identification of data subjects for no longer than is necessary; and
Processed using appropriate technical or organisational measures in a manner that ensures appropriate security of the personal data."
Article 5(2) requires that "the controller shall be responsible for, and be able to demonstrate, compliance with the principles."
Civil Monetary Penalties (CMPs) under past and current law are subject to a right of appeal to the (First-tier Tribunal) General Regulatory Chamber against the imposition of the monetary penalty and/or the amount of the penalty specified in the monetary penalty notice.
Any monetary penalty is paid into the Treasury's Consolidated Fund and is not kept by ICO.
To report a concern to the ICO go to ico.org.uk/concerns.
Barton Hall Industrial Estate, Manchester M30 7NB
ICO fines British Airways £20m for data breach affecting more than 400,000 customers
Engagement key in protecting people's privacy across the UK during the pandemic
Keynote at PDP's 19th annual data protection conference
ICO takes action against company for sending spam emails selling face masks during pandemic
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We at Carl Reynolds Law truly understand that when it comes to injury, it's always personal.
We are a compassionate law firm that honors a family tradition and spirit of service to our clients and community.
The Kansas City Personal Injury law firm of Monsees & Mayer, P.C., is built on experience, relationships and results.
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Chandigarh Police Constable Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2018: Chandigarh Police Recruitment Board conducts the exam for the post of the constable. Hence, for those candidates who applied for this post can check the Chandigarh Police Constable Syllabus. You can check the Detailed Chandigarh Police Constable Syllabus & Exam Pattern below. The syllabus for the Chandigarh Police Constable Examination is divided into two parts viz. written examination & Physical Standard Test. The written examination consists of three subjects namely General Knowledge, Reasoning and Numerical Ability. The total questions in the online written examination are 100 and are given equal weightage of 1 marks each. The candidates need to complete the paper within 120 minutes of the starting the paper. The questions paper is of Objective type containing Multiple Choice Questions. The candidates should also notice that the mode of examination will be online.
We are mentioning here the table which contains the details regarding the subject, question, marks, type of paper, timing etc. Candidates can check the Chandigarh Police Constable Paper Pattern from the table given below.


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Die UEFA Champions League 2010/11 war die 19. Spielzeit des wichtigsten europäischen Wettbewerbs für Vereinsmannschaften im Fußball unter dieser Bezeichnung und die 56. insgesamt. Am Wettbewerb nahmen 76 Klubs aus 52 Landesverbänden teil. Lediglich Liechtenstein stellte keinen Vertreter.

Die Saison begann mit der ersten Qualifikationsrunde am 29. Juni 2010 und endete mit dem Finale im Londoner Wembley-Stadion am 28. Mai 2011. Dort schlug der FC Barcelona Manchester United mit 3:1. Beide Mannschaften hatten sich bereits 2009 im Finale gegenübergestanden.

Torschützenkönig des Wettbewerbs wurde bereits zum dritten Mal in Folge der Argentinier Lionel Messi von Sieger FC Barcelona mit 12 Toren.

Qualifikation
Bei den Auslosungen wurden die Mannschaften gemäß ihrem Klub-Koeffizienten (KK) jeweils hälftig in gesetzte (stärkere) und ungesetzte (schwächere) Teams eingeteilt und einander zugelost.

1. Qualifikationsrunde
Die Auslosung der Partien fand am 21. Juni 2010 statt. Hierbei wurden die erste und zweite Qualifikationsrunde gemeinsam ausgelost. Die Spiele fanden am 29./30. Juni und 6./7. Juli statt.

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2. Qualifikationsrunde
Die Spiele fanden am 13./14. und 20./21. Juli statt. Vor der Auslosung wurden die 34 Teilnehmer in drei Gruppen aufgeteilt, vermutlich um den Vereinen Reisekosten zu ersparen. Innerhalb dieser Gruppen wurde dann die Setzliste angewandt. Die Auslosung am 21. Juni ergab folgende Paarungen. Der dänische Meister trat erst in der dritten Qualifikationsrunde an, da sich der Titelverteidiger über seine nationale Liga direkt für die Gruppenphase qualifiziert hat. Dafür rückten die Meister der Färöer und Luxemburgs nach.

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!colspan="5" style="background:#F0FFF0;"| Gruppe 1

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!colspan="5" style="background:#F0FFF0;"| Gruppe 2

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!colspan="5" style="background:#F0FFF0;"| Gruppe 3

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3. Qualifikationsrunde
Die Auslosung der Begegnungen fand am 16. Juli 2010 statt. Die Spiele fanden am 27./28. Juli und 3./4. August statt.
Ab der dritten Qualifikationsrunde gab es zwei getrennte Lostöpfe: Im Champions-Weg wurden nationale Meister nur gegen andere nationale Meister gelost, wogegen "Verfolger", also zweit-, dritt- oder viertplatzierte Vereine im Platzierungsweg spielten und nur gegen andere "Verfolger" gelost wurden. Im Champions-Weg wurden zudem zwei Gruppen mit je zehn Teilnehmern gebildet, bevor die Setzliste zur Auslosung zum Einsatz kam. Unterlegene Mannschaften wechselten in die Play-offs der UEFA Europa League 2010/11.

Champions-Weg

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!colspan="5" style="background:#F0FFF0;"| Gruppe 1

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!colspan="5" style="background:#F0FFF0;"| Gruppe 2

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Platzierungsweg

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Play-offs
Die letzte Qualifikationsrunde wird zwecks besserer Vermarktungschancen "Play-offs" genannt. Ab dieser Runde werden sämtliche Spiele zentral von der UEFA vermarktet, um höhere Medien-Aufmerksamkeit und damit steigende Werbeeinnahmen zu generieren.

Die Begegnungen wurden am 6. August 2010 ausgelost. Die Spiele fanden am 17./18. und 24./25. August statt. Unterlegene Mannschaften treten in der Gruppenphase der UEFA Europa League 2010/11 an.

Champions-Weg

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Platzierungsweg

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Gruppenphase
An der Gruppenphase nahmen 32 Teams aus 18 Nationen teil. Direkt über die Ligaplatzierung der Vorsaison qualifizierten sich 22 Teams, die Meister der Nationen auf den Plätzen 1–12 der Fünfjahreswertung, die Zweiten der Plätze 1–6, sowie die Dritten der Plätze 1–3. Da Titelverteidiger Inter Mailand bereits als Italienischer Meister direkt für die Gruppenphase qualifiziert war, ging der Startplatz an den Meister von Platz 13. Hinzu kamen noch die zehn Vereine (je fünf über den Champions-Weg und den Platzierungsweg) aus den Qualifikationsrunden.

Die Gruppensieger und -zweiten qualifizierten sich für das Achtelfinale, die Gruppendritten spielten im Sechzehntelfinale der UEFA Europa League weiter, die Gruppenvierten schieden komplett aus dem Europapokal aus. Bei Punktgleichheit zweier oder mehrerer Mannschaften nach den Gruppenspielen wurde die Platzierung durch folgende Kriterien ermittelt:
 Anzahl Punkte im direkten Vergleich
 Tordifferenz im direkten Vergleich
 Anzahl Auswärtstore im direkten Vergleich
 Tordifferenz aus allen Gruppenspielen
 höhere Anzahl erzielter Tore
 Klub-Koeffizienten
Für die Auslosung der Gruppen wurden die Teams gemäß ihren Klub-Koeffizienten absteigend in vier Lostöpfe zu je acht Teams aufgeteilt, Topf 1 enthielt den Titelverteidiger an der Spitze und nachfolgend die sieben stärksten Vereine, Topf 4 die acht schwächsten Vertreter. Sollten die gemäß Klub-Koeffizient favorisierten Vereine sich nicht für die Gruppenphase qualifizieren können, so könnten Teams aus niedrigeren Lostöpfen in höhere nachrücken. Beispielsweise rückte Olympique Lyon von Topf 2 in Topf 1 auf, da der FC Sevilla in der Play-off-Runde scheiterte. Es wurden keine zwei Vertreter einer Nation in die gleiche Gruppe gelost, da rein nationale Begegnungen in der Champions League erst ab dem Viertelfinale zugelassen werden. Die Auslosung der Gruppenphase fand am 26. August 2010 um 18:00 Uhr in Monaco statt und ergab folgende Gruppen:

Gruppe A

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Gruppe B

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Gruppe C

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Gruppe D

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Gruppe E

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Gruppe F

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Gruppe G

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Gruppe H

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K.-o.-Phase

Achtelfinale
Im Achtelfinale spielten die Gruppensieger gegen die Gruppenzweiten, wobei ein erneutes Aufeinandertreffen zweier Gruppengegner ebenso ausgeschlossen war wie rein nationale Begegnungen.

Die Auslosung fand am 17. Dezember 2010 in Nyon statt, gespielt wurde am 15., 16., 22. und 23. Februar 2011 (Hinspiele) sowie am 8., 9., 15. und 16. März 2011 (Rückspiele).

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Viertelfinale
Ab dem Viertelfinale wurde aus einem Topf gelost, die zuerst gezogene Mannschaft hatte im Hinspiel Heimrecht. Die Auslosung fand am 18. März 2011 statt, gespielt wurde am 5./6. (Hinspiele) sowie am 12./13. April 2011.

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Halbfinale
Die Auslosung wurde zusammen mit der Viertelfinal-Auslosung vorgenommen, Spieltermine waren 26./27. April sowie 3./4. Mai 2011.

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Finale

Beste Torschützen
Nachfolgend sind die besten Torschützen der Champions League aufgeführt. Die Sortierung erfolgt nach Anzahl ihrer Treffer und bei gleicher Toranzahl alphabetisch.

Eingesetzte Spieler FC Barcelona

Weblinks

 Offizielle Webseite zur UEFA Champions League 2010/11

Einzelnachweise

2010
Fußballsaison 2010/11

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Shaker Clinic, located just outside of Cleveland, OH, provides comprehensive treatment for senior adults struggling with mental health issues.
If you or a loved one is struggling with any of these concerns or a combination of various concerns, the caring and compassionate staff at Shaker Clinic in Ohio is here to help. By designing individualized service plans that are tailored to meet each individual's unique set of needs, we are able to provide services in a patient's home or in our outpatient clinic.
The mental health evaluation is a clinical assessment that is conducted in order to determine a patient's needs and level of functioning so that an appropriate recommendation for care can be made.
Medication management is offered to patients in order to reduce, stabilize, and/or eliminate psychiatric symptoms in order to improve functioning and maintain successful, consistent management of a patient's medication(s).
Behavioral health counseling and therapy consists of a series of time-limited, structured sessions that work towards the achievement of mutually defined goals. These sessions typically happen one-on-one between a patient and his or her therapist, but family members or guardians may be included when necessary.
Our intensive home-based treatment services are designed to provide the necessary services and supports that work to enable a patient with serious emotional disturbances to live and function successfully in the least restrictive, most normal environment possible.
Our community psychiatric supportive treatment consists of an array of services that are delivered by community-based professionals. This treatment focuses on an individual's ability to succeed in the community, to identify and access needed services, to show improvement in work, family relationships, and integration into and contributions to the community.
The presence of a mental illness can be devastating for individuals, as well as for their loved ones. At Shaker Clinic in Cleveland, OH, we recognize how sensitive our patients' needs are, and we strive to do everything in our power to help you or your loved one find relief from any and all mental health conditions present.


text:
Sponsor of anti-soring bill may petition for House vote
Rep. Ed Whitfield may seek to bypass committee.
Sponsor of anti-soring bill may petition for House vote Rep. Ed Whitfield may seek to bypass committee. Check out this story on Tennessean.com: https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2014/07/23/sponsor-anti-soring-bill-may-petition-house-vote/13030779/
Paul C. Barton, Tennessean Washington Bureau Published 11:00 p.m. CT July 22, 2014 | Updated 6:09 p.m. CT July 23, 2014
Tennessee Walking Horse (Photo: File / The Tennessean )Buy Photo
WASHINGTON – The lead sponsor of legislation to bolster protections for Tennessee Walking Horses against soring will consider a discharge petition to get it out of committee and onto the House floor for a vote, his office said this week.
A discharge petition requires the signatures of 218 members, a majority of the House, to force floor action on a measure that supporters feel has been unfairly blocked in committee.
The bill in question is the Prevent All Soring Tactics Act HR, 1518, sponsored by Rep. Ed Whitfield, R-Ky., and 303 other members. The identical Senate version has 57 co-sponsors, three short of the number of votes needed to overcome a filibuster.
The Senate version has cleared committee but the House version remains stalled in the House Energy and Commerce Committee, where it is yet to receive a vote even though hearings were held in November 2013. There have been no floor votes in either chamber.
Soring is the practice of applying chemicals to horses' hooves to produce a higher-stepping gait during competitions.
Rep. Marsha Blackburn, R-Brentwood, a PAST Act opponent, is vice chair of the powerful House panel. Blackburn has an alternative bill that she says would provide all the strengthening needed to the Horse Protection Act of 1970, the original anti-soring legislation. But critics say it would a preserve a status quo in which soring often takes place.
"Congressman Whitfield is considering a discharge petition but would much rather have the legislation go regular order, and allow Rep. Marsha Blackburn to offer any amendment she may have, and debate the issue on the House floor," said Marty Irby, spokesman for the Kentucky Republican.
"This would allow the will of the people to be heard, and then a vote cast to see where the majority stands. We can't imagine why anyone would be against this and have expressed our thoughts to leadership in the U.S. House of Representatives."
Blackburn's office, when asked about Whitfield's offer, reissued the statement she released on July 3. In it, she said, "those on the other side have refused to come together and work with us in finding a solution that would eliminate bad actors. Instead, their only focus has been to simply eliminate the walking horse industry altogether."
PAST Act supporters face a ticking clock. Only a limited number of legislative days are left before members go home around the first of October to finish re-election campaigning. They have a month-long recess in August.
When asked if Whitfield had taken his case to House Speaker John Boehner or any other Republican leaders, Irby said: "Congressman Whitfield has had ongoing discussions with all of the leadership about moving the bill forward and will pull out all the stops to move the PAST Act to floor, at the appropriate time."
Meanwhile, Whitfield picked up a prominent supporter in the bill's 115th Republican sponsor — Rep. Don Young of Alaska.
Young has been in Congress since 1973 and is the second-ranking GOP member in terms of seniority. He is a past chairman of several major committees.
The bill is now only short three Republicans of having a majority of GOP members. A majority of the majority is an informal rule that leaders sometimes use to decide when to permit a floor vote.
In the Tennessee delegation, only Republican Sen. Bob Corker and Rep. Jim Cooper, D-Nashville, have yet to take sides.
Corker said he is waiting for "committee" review of the alternative soring bill introduced by Sen. Lamar Alexander, also a Republican. Corker doesn't say whether he means the Commerce Committee, which has already acted, or another panel.
Clant Seay, an Oxford, Miss. attorney and PAST Act advocate, called for Corker to declare himself.
"We respect Senator Corker's responsibility to the citizens of Tennessee to get this one right," Seay said.
"He is an independent thinker and not in anybody's hip pocket. The fact that he has not co-sponsored Lamar Alexander's alternative bill speaks volumes."
Cooper, while not signing on as a co-sponsor, called Tuesday for House Republican leaders to let Whitfield's bill come to a vote. "Even with a Republican leading the charge, a bill with more than 300 co-sponsors can't get a vote. House leadership should let members work their will," he said.
The only member of the Tennessee delegation co-sponsoring Whitfield's bill is Rep. Steve Cohen, D-Memphis. All seven House Republicans from the state are behind Blackburn's bill, providing the majority of its 12 co-sponsors.
Those lobbying for Whitfield's bill continued to express confidence in his stewardship.
"I'm sure he'd explore every option for getting his bill over the finish line," said Keith Dane, who handles equine issues for the Humane Society of the United States.
And Seay said: "We've depended upon Congressman Whitfield's leadership to get the bill this far. We have confidence in Congressman Whitfield's expertise in the House to get the bill to the floor for a vote."
Contact Paul C. Barton at pbarton@gannett.com and on Twitter @PaulCBarton.
Read or Share this story: https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2014/07/23/sponsor-anti-soring-bill-may-petition-house-vote/13030779/


text:
Q: Google Play console is asking for business data from my personal account I signed up for Google Play console yesterday and paid US$25. It asked for authentication documents. I entered the photo of my official ID card and my address. Here's a response today:
Reason for failure: You submitted a document associated with individual accounts, but you are using an organizational account. Please submit one of the documents we accept for organizations or contact customer support to change your account type.
I looked at the account details page. my account is personal. What do I do now?
I'm afraid to repost because nothing has changed. My photos or other official documents are ready, but I couldn't find phone support like Apple on Google.
At first I was waiting for Google to accept this situation.

A: From Google Play Console, click on the (?) icon in the upper right corner.
Then click on Contact Us and tell them about your situation.
Note: Always use your passport as an identification document. Google does not recognize most countries' personal IDs.
And don't worry. This happened with one of my clients recently and was resolved in one month.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
15 Greatest Games/Moments of My Sports Fandom
May 23, 2017 McGons	Leave a comment
After reading Stanzo's greatest games watched of his 20 years on Earth, I decided to think of a similar ranking. However, these apply only to my teams. As a Cowboys, Mets, Nets, and Rangers fan, I have never been fortunate enough to witness any of my teams win on the biggest stage. The Cowboys won their 3rd Super Bowl in 4 years just five months before I was born on July 9, 1996, and the Rangers won a Stanley Cup 2 years prior. Some (including myself) would say this curse is my fault, but hey, even the Cubs won eventually (it took them 108 years, I may not live until then, so that may not matter in my case). Most fans probably wouldn't still have the passion to root after nearly 21 straight years of misery, but I'm a believer that the first title is going to be a special one and worth the wait (which is what I said when the Mets went down 3-1 to the Royals). However, I've still got years worth of incredible games and moments that I will always remember, even when I finally win (*knocks on wood*).
15. 2014 Week 12: Cowboys 31, Giants 28
Everyone and their mother remembers this game for the Odell Beckham Jr.'s ridiculous one-handed touchdown catch- except for Cowboys fans. In a crucial late season road game for the Cowboys, and a game in which the reeling Giants were playing for pride against their rivals, the Cowboys were able to overcome this catch and a 21-10 halftime deficit with Dez Bryant's game winning touchdown with just 1:01 remaining.
14. 2015 Eastern Conference Quarterfinals Game 4: Nets 120, Hawks 115 (OT)
In some ways, making the NBA Playoffs as a later seed can fun, even though you know your team virtually has no chance to win the title. Being that this is the case, there is a lot less stress as a fan, and as long as you're not going up against the Cavs or Warriors, any team can force a 6 or 7 game series. Take the 8th seeded Nets in 2015 going up against the top-seeded Hawks. The series had been tightly contested through 3 games, with the home team winning each game. Game 4 was an absolute thriller, with Deron Williams, who's best days as a Net (and NBA player in general) were well behind him, going absolutely unconscious, scoring 36 and leading the Nets to a huge victory in overtime. While I knew this team was never going to win the title, it was amazing watching them play in a tightly contested series with a great time. While NHL Playoff series may be better overall (especially this year), an epic, back and forth NBA Playoff game is still a greater playoff atmosphere than in the NHL.
13. September 21, 2001: Mets 3, Braves 2
While I can't say I'm old enough to remember this game, I am old enough to remember 9/11, as well as the end of Mike Piazza's tenure as a Met. In addition, it's a huge moment in Mets history that took place in my lifetime. In the first sporting event to take place in New York City since the attacks, Mike Piazza's 2-run home run in the bottom of the 8th is a script you can't write, leading the Mets, and all of New Yorkers to an emotional 3-2 victory over Atlanta.
12. September 22, 2016: Mets 9, Phillies 8 (F\11)
15 years and one day after the Piazza homer, the Mets found themselves winning another incredible game on a late home run. In the heat of the Wild Card race, the Mets had just been swept at home by the lowly Braves, with the previous night's game ending on Ender Inciarte's robbing of what would have been a walkoff home run for Yoenis Cespedes. In this game, the Mets found themselves down 6-4 in the bottom of the 9th, when Jose Reyes hit a huge home run to tie the game. The Mets bullpen would then (shockingly) give up 2 runs in the top of the 11th. The Mets got 2 men on in the bottom of the inning, when Asdrubal Cabrera would swing, and release of the the best bat flips of the season to lead the Mets to their biggest victory of the season, 9-8. The losing pitcher, Edubray Ramos, would throw at Cabrera in the Mets and Phillies first meeting this season, and has since been the losing pitcher twice to the Mets this season. Sucks to suck, pussy.
11. 2014 Eastern Conference Finals Game 6: Rangers 1, Canadiens 0
This Rangers playoff run was a remarkable one, and the game that sent that them to their first Stanley Cup Final in 20 years was nothing short of a thriller. After being pulled in Game 5, Henrik Lundqvist put on an absolute vintage Playoff Hank performance, shutting out the Montreal Canadiens. Dominic Moore, a career journeyman who had sat out the previous season while tending to his sick wife, who ended up passing away from cancer, scored the game winning goal late in the second period and it was all the Rangers would need. This Rangers playoff run was emotional and gut-wrenching for this team, and despite the end result, will always be remembered for its high points.
10. 2015 Week 1: Cowboys 27, Giants 26
Despite the horrible memories I have of this Cowboys season (which did lead to a pretty good draft pick, I guess), this win was an all time classic. The Cowboys had high expectations coming into this season, and the majority of this game was some of the worst football I have ever watched. The Giants weren't playing very good, but the Cowboys were playing sloppier and a few bounces were not going their way. After the Giants completely mismanaged the clock and situation (a recurring theme for their season), Tony Romo went on one of his all-time game-winning touchdown drives, leading the Cowboys down the field and hitting Jason Witten for the winner with 7 seconds to go. This would turn out to be Tony Romo's last win in a Cowboys home game, and while I am obviously not disappointed with the Cowboys new QB situation, its sad to know there won't be any more of these for number 9.
9. 2015 Eastern Conference Semifinals: Rangers 2, Capitals 1 (OT)
@NHL #MyPlayoffsMoment @Buccigross pic.twitter.com/uickIkJejW
— Nick Rudz (@Rudzasurasrex) May 14, 2015
While number 11 one is undoubtedly a bigger moment in Rangers history, this game may be the most thrilling one they have played in the last 10 seasons. In addition, this team was better the previous years team, and as defending Eastern Conference Champions, there was business left unfinished. After looking dead in the water late in Game 5, the Rangers scored late and then won in overtime, and after winning game 6 in DC, we were here for Game 7. This was also a big game for Alex Ovechkin, who had never (and still has never) reached the Conference Finals. After a thrilling regulation ended in a 1-1 tie, Derek Stepan buried a rebound past Braden Holtby to win an absolute classic. While I did not attend any of the games on this list, this is the only one in which I have footage of my celebration.
8. 2012 Week 1: Cowboys 24, Giants 17
Why are Giants-Cowboys games so recurring on this list? Because they play more thrillers (and more primetime games) than any other matchup in the league. The Giants were coming into this game as defending champs, and this matchup was much anticipated for their Cowboys and their fans, as the Giants had beaten them in the previous season's Week 17 do-or-die NFC East Championship Game, which jumpstarted another improbable Giants Super Bowl run. The Cowboys would make the Giants the first defending champ to lose in Week 1 since the NFL began its Opening Kickoff Game hosted by the defending champion. While this Cowboys season ended at a boring 8-8, this was a victory I will always remember because of the hype coming in.
7. 2014 Week 6: Cowboys 30, Seahawks 23
I will always remember this game as the game the NFL took notice that the 2014 Cowboys were for real. The Seahawks, defending champions, were 17-1 at home in the Russell Wilson era, and that one loss came in a late season game to the Cardinals that no one remembers. So this essentially felt like the first loss the Seahawks had suffered at home since they switched to their current uniform scheme. Excellent performances from Romo, Demarco Murray, Terrance Williams, and Rolando McClain (who would rather sip on purple drank these days than play football) led the Cowboys to a huge upset in Seattle.
6. 2015 NLDS Game 5: Mets 3, Dodgers 2
After 9 years of heartbreak, and just some plain old un-fun baseball, the Mets won their first postseason season since 2006 by winning the decisive game in LA. Jacob deGrom was very shaky early on, but despite constantly working with runners on, it is considered one of his best performances of his career due to his limiting of the damage despite not having his best stuff at all. He Who Must Not Be Named (hint: he now plays for a division rival) continued his postseason performance for the ages on the base paths by scoring the tying run, before delivering the home run that would be enough to get the win in the top of the 6th off of Zack Greinke.
5. 2014 Eastern Conference Finals Game 7: Nets 104, Raptors 103
The 2013-14 Nets are only remembered today because the trade that made them the team they were has backfired tremendously. As a Nets fan, it's a shame it has to be that way, because this team was one of my favorite to watch in recent sports memory. By the end of the year, this team was definitely the East's second best team behind only Lebron's Miami Heat. However, it took an absolutely thrilling Game 7 in Toronto just to make it out of the first round. Leading by 10 late in the 4th after great performances from Joe Johnson, Kevin Garnett, and Marcus Thorton, the Nets choked and after a failed inbounds play, the Raptors had a chance to win the series at the buzzer. That is, until The Truth stepped in for one of the best series ending plays in recent NBA memory. While quite possibly the most lopsided trade in sports history only lead to one playoff series victory, it is one I won't forget.
4. 2014 NFC Wild Card Playoffs: Cowboys 24, Lions 20
My emotions throughout this game were at the lowest of lows, but eventually the highest of highs. The Cowboys, who had had a remarkable regular season, but had to play in the Wild Card round due to a 3-way tiebreak with Seattle and Green Bay, were going up a against a good Lions team, but one that should not have been a problem to beat. This game could not have gone more wrong in the first half and early part of the second though, as the Cowboys trailed 20-7. However, a combination of a Cowboys comeback, a few questionable calls, and a Lions choke lead to a Terrance Williams TD to take the lead for good with 2:32 remaining. The Boys would seal the deal on rookie Demarcus Lawrence's strip sack and fumble recovery of Matt Stafford.
3. July 31, 2015: Mets 3, Nationals 2 (F/12)
This week was by far the craziest week in Mets' history. Two days earlier, Wilmer Flores cried because he thought he'd been traded. The day before, the Mets had their most painful regular season loss in years to the Padres. On July 31 one of the greatest seasons in Mets history was changed forever. They acquired Yoenis Cespedes from the Tigers, and then crybaby Wilmer Flores delivered a walkoff home run against the division rival Nationals. The Mets swept the series to tie Washington on top of the division, and didn't lose that lead the rest of the way. This moment was by far the emotional turning point of the 2015 Mets season, and is one of the most incredible series of events you will ever see for a non-everyday utility player. You know it was special when people still talk about a regular season game 2 years later.
2. 2016 Week 10: Cowboys 35, Steelers 30
All that needs to be said about this one is, WOW. This game was a big coming out party for the rookie tandem of Dak Prescott and Ezekiel Elliott, and espeically for Zeke. In a shootout in one of the NFL's best AFC-NFC rivalries, the Steelers took the lead with 40 seconds to go, and it looked as though the Cowboys were going to fall in a classic for the first time since Week 1. However, the classic was just getting started. After a few passes, and a huge facemask penalty, Ezekiel Elliott took the ball, and almost everyone in the stadium expected he'd get a few yards to set up a field goal for the win. Everyone except Zeke, that is, as the rookie scored his 3rd touchdown of the day with 9 seconds to go to seal an unbelievable NFL contest, and lead the Cowboys to their 8th straight win. Number 1 on this list is a greater moment, but this is the greatest game I've watched any of my teams ever play.
1. 2015 NLCS Game 4: Mets 8, Cubs 3
Taking away the way this season ended, the 2015 New York Mets were undoubtedly one of the best teams to watch from late regular season and then in the postseason not just in recent MLB history, but in recent sports history. The Mets never looked back after Wilmer Flores's walkoff home run, winning the NL East and defeating the Dodgers in 5 games to advance to play the Cubs in the NLCS. Many were predicting a 7 game series between these evenly matched teams. However, the Mets dominated from start to finish, winning in a sweep. He Who Still Must Not Be Named was by far the series MVP, putting on a performance no one could have ever predicted. While winning the title in the end is really what matters, advancing to the championship round feels like a great accomplishent as well, especially in a sport where the team and fans are as closely bonded as baseball. Maybe if the Mets can fix their bullpen, this memory will be one I won't have to care about anymore after 2017.
I may soon come up with a 15 Worst Moments list, but that may not be for awhile, because there will be way too many options to choose from, and I don't think I have enough tissues in my house for the amount of tears I would shed while writing.
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text:
package tsg.mwe;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.TreeSet;

import kernels.algo.StringsAlignment;
import util.Utility;

public class CorpusDuelme2 {

	static final File duelmeXmlFile = new File("/Volumes/HardDisk/Scratch/CORPORA/MWE_Datasets/Duelme2/Data/DuELME_UTF8.xml");
	static final File duelmeExpressionsFile = new File("/Volumes/HardDisk/Scratch/CORPORA/MWE_Datasets/Duelme2/Data/DuELME_UTF8_expressions.txt");

	public static void extractExpressions() throws FileNotFoundException {
		Scanner scan = new Scanner(duelmeXmlFile);
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(duelmeExpressionsFile);
		int countAll=0, countDisc = 0;
		HashMap<Integer, int[]> mweLengthTable = new HashMap<Integer, int[]>();
		while(scan.hasNextLine()) {
			String line = scan.nextLine().trim();
			if (line.startsWith("<LexicalEntry")) {
				countAll++;
				String expression = getField(line, "expression=\"");
				String nextLine = scan.nextLine().trim();
				String example = getField(nextLine, "sentence=\"");
				StringsAlignment SA = new StringsAlignment(expression.split("\\s"),example.split("\\s"));
				int l = expression.split("\\s").length;
				Utility.increaseInHashMap(mweLengthTable, l);
				boolean contiguous = SA.isBestAlignementContiguous();
				if (!contiguous)
					countDisc++;
				String contStr = contiguous ? "C" : "D";
				pw.println(expression + "\t" + example + "\t" + contStr);
			}
		}
		pw.close();
		System.out.println("Total MWE: " + countAll);
		System.out.println("of which discontigous in examples: " + countDisc);
		System.out.println("MWE length stats: ");
		TreeSet<Integer> lengthSet = new TreeSet<Integer>(mweLengthTable.keySet());
		for(int l : lengthSet) {
			System.out.println(l + "\t" + mweLengthTable.get(l)[0]);
		}
	}

	public static String getField(String line, String fieldName) {
		int expStart = line.indexOf(fieldName)+fieldName.length();
		int expEnd = line.indexOf('"', expStart);
		return line.substring(expStart, expEnd);

	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
		extractExpressions();
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Soft porcelain skin draped with freckles. Kisses.
Hot Girls in Karakol who do Tantric, can be found only on BOAVISTAPRESS.ORG. To invite beauty is very simple. Just send her an SMS. Following the vote in this region the most popular baby - Real Maya. I love affection, recognition, good humor and strange people. Эта брюнеточка лишь слегка прикрыта небольшой косыночкой.


text:
Charles Marie Joseph Mathieu ( 1791 - 1873 ) fue un botánico, micólogo, y briólogo neerlandés, quien trabajó extensamente con las floras de su país natal y de Bélgica.

Algunas publicaciones

Libros
 1853. Phanérogamie. Vol. 1 de Flore générale de Belgique : Contenant la description de toutes les plantes qui croissent dans ce pays. Ed. Muquardt. 655 pp.

 1853. Cryptogamie. Vol. 2 de Flore générale de Belgique : Contenant la description de toutes les plantes qui croissent dans ce pays. Ed. Muquardt. 561 pp.

 1855. Flore générale de la Belgique: Phanérogamie. Vol. 1 de Flore générale de la Belgique: contenant la description de toutes les plantes qui croissent dans ce pays. Ed. Muquardt. 660 pp. En línea; reeditó BiblioBazaar en 2008, 564 pp. ISBN 0559834985 En línea

Véase también
 Anexo:Micólogos

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Botánicos de los Países Bajos del siglo XIX
Briólogos de los Países Bajos
Micólogos de los Países Bajos


text:
BEYOND THE TRENCHES
Tag Archives: shaving
Shaving in the Trenches: Washing and grooming in the Great War
October 6, 2014 ahrcww1	Leave a comment
This guest blog post was written by Dr Alun Withey, a 2014 New Generation Thinker and academic historian of medicine and the body. It was originally published on his blog.
As the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of the Great War approaches, we are constantly reminded of the horror of trench warfare. A raft of new books, articles, websites and programmes will be devoted to charting the conflict. All of the big questions will be revisited, from the motives for going to war to the fitness of those in charge to lead their men. Much attention has already been paid to the lives of ordinary 'Tommies' in the trenches and the recent publication of diaries, such as that of Harry Drinkwater vividly bring to life the experience of living in the shadow of battle.
In the discussions of action, however, the day-to-day experience of living in the trenches, the ordinary routines of life, are sometimes overlooked. How did men keep themselves clean, for example? In the muddy quagmire of battle trenches, did the usual routines of washing and grooming still apply? I thought it might be interesting to look at one aspect of this – shaving –to see what the sources might reveal.
Until 1916, it was a statutory requirement for all members of the British Army to wear a moustache. Uniform regulation command number 1695 stipulated "the hair of the head will be kept short. The chin and the under-lip will be shaved, but not the upper lip…". It is not clear how far this order was rigidly enforced but until General Sir Nevill Macready, who apparently hated moustaches, repealed the order in October 1916 British soldiers were moustachioed! Nonetheless, shaving was still required; to appear stubbly was still effectively a breach of regulation. What, then, did soldiers in the field actually do?
Firstly it is clear that many soldiers, at least initially, carried razors as part of their kit. Some also took tins of shaving cream and lathering brushes – officers, especially, had toilette kits to help them keep up appearances.
As the war drew on, however, it seems that razors became harder to come by. In the wet, muddy conditions metal objects, like razors, quickly became rusty. Over time, and with use, they blunted and resharpening them only possible with a stone or strop. By 1915 they were starting to become scarce. In October 1915, as winter approached, many regiments were starting to run out of basic necessities. Funds, such as the Christmas Comforts Fund in Manchester, called for people to donate everything from envelopes and pencils, to chocolate and razors. The 2nd Battalion South Lancashire regiment asked specifically for mirrors, shaving soap and razor strops amongst their 'wish list'.
The 2nd Battalion Cheshire regiment asked for the same in a long list that included everything from chocolate, coffee and cakes to musical instruments. Such items were small comfort in cold winter months, which the Manchester Guardian described: "The wet mud, the ice-cold water beyond their knees in the communication trenches, the wind that lashed them like sharp whips, the ooze and slime in the dugouts, the waterspouts through the roofs of broken barns…Must our men" the paper argued "suffer all that again?" Indeed they must.
In the dirty environment of the trenches, without access to running water, basins, towels and even privacy, how did men even manage to shave? In some regiments, rules were relaxed in times of action meaning that stubble was permitted, although soldiers were expected to take the first opportunity to attend to their beards in calmer conditions. In the field, though, even obtaining clean water to shave was no easy matter. Complete washing was an irregular occurrence. According to one account, a single tub of water served for the whole company. Instead, soldiers might get a cursory wash of face and hands at best. In such circumstances ingenuity was required. Some soldiers took to using cold tea as shaving water – better than drawing water from a muddy puddle although even this likely sufficed in an emergency
Whilst such a mundane, prosaic activity such as shaving might not seem important in the broader discussions about the First World War, it is also something that brings us closer to the lived experiences of trench warfare and the daily lives of ordinary men. Requests for razors and strops, along with other basic items, remind us of the comfort that even these basics could bring. Even in the heat of battle, men tried to maintain some semblance of normality, no doubt finding comfort in routine. I would argue that these small glimpses, such as Thomas Mcindoe's account, are vitally important in any study of the Great War.
One of the best narratives we have of the practicalities of shaving comes from the records of a British soldier on the Western Front. In 1914, Private Thomas Mcindoe was entrenched with his regiment, the 12th battalion Middlesex. In 1975 Thomas recalled how, in a lull in fighting, he decided to remove his several days' worth of beard. Setting up in an abandoned sniper post Thomas described how be filled his mess tin with water and stuck a mirror into the earth and carefully shaved himself. Emerging from the post he encountered an officer who exclaimed "Oh, what a lovely clean boy!". The officer was impressed by Thomas's new-fangled safety razor, as opposed to the usual cut-throat models, and asked the young Private to shave him – a task that was undertaken outside on a chair next to the sniper's position
As Thomas himself pointed out, cutthroat razors were lethally sharp and dangerous in battle. Shaving oneself, especially around the neck and throat, required precision and a steady hand. Many soldiers of what Thomas described as the "nervous type" had faces full of nicks and cuts since their hands shook so much from the experience of battle. In fact, shaving comrades was a common occurrence. It was perhaps easier to do this than rely on a broken shard of mirror and attempt to do the job yourself.
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Researching the First World War
Beyond the Trenches is an online resource reflecting a variety of perspectives on arts and humanities research into the First World War.
New posts are published every Tuesday and Thursday.
This blog is run by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), though the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the AHRC's opinions or policy.
If you have questions related to research or family history these should be directed to the relevant Centre. For contact details please see the shared website at http://ww1engage.org.uk/engagement-centres/


This gallery is a rare collection of Interior Architectural Photography. Some landmark images. The rest are very rare representations of historic, old, or decadent European buildings and constructions, mostly little known and hard to find elsewhere.


text:
Q: Trouble with Generic List creation List<Integer> ints = Arrays.asList(1,2,3,4,5);
List<Double> doubles = Arrays.asList(226.6131 , 7789879.3  );
List<Long>  longs  = Arrays.asList( 687643643687L , 743926945627L );
List<List<?>> lists =  Arrays.asList(ints, doubles , longs); // Type mismatch: cannot convert from List<List<? extends Number&Comparable<?>>> to List<List<?>>
List<List<? extends Number & Comparable<?>>> lists =  Arrays.asList(ints, doubles , longs); // Syntax error on token "&", , expected

I am trying to create a List of Lists as the code above shows. First I have 3 lists , each of which stores elements that extends Number implements Comparable. Next I want to put the 3 lists into another List , but I am not able to do this.
List<List<?>> lists =  Arrays.asList(ints, doubles , longs);

This line gives compiler error saying  cannot convert from List<List<? extends Number&Comparable<?>>> to List<List<?>>  .
When I try to modify the type of reference in next line , there is a syntax error.
How do I get the 3 lists above ( ints , doubles and longs ) into another List<> ?
Edit : A related question :
 What is correct syntax of declaring a List of Lists of elements that extends Number AND implement Comparable  ?

A: i believe you want something like:
List<? extends List<?>> lists =  Arrays.asList(ints, doubles , longs);

you can use this form for more type safety:
List<? extends List<? extends Number>> lists =  Arrays.<List<? extends Number>>asList(ints, doubles , longs);

A: You can try this:
List<? extends List<? extends Number>> lists
    =  Arrays.asList(ints, doubles , longs);

This will still give an unchecked conversion warning, but it provides a slight bit more type safety over the other solutions offered so far.
You can always do this in a type-safe manner by not using Arrays.asList:
List<List<? extends Number>> lists = new ArrayList<List<? extends Number>>();
lists.add(ints);
lists.add(doubles);
lists.add(longs);

A: If your second list of compósed by objexts that extends class Number, you can try:
List<? extends List<? extends Number>> lists =  Arrays.asList(ints, doubles , longs);

A: I don't recommend mixing different types in a list.
If you do want to do it, I think you can try get rid of the generic type in the inner list to hold any objects.
List<List> lists =  Arrays.asList(ints, doubles , longs);

A: List<List<? extends Comparable<? extends Number>>> list = new ArrayList<List<? extends Comparable<? extends Number>>>();
and
list.add(ints);

A: How about:
List<? extends Number> ints = (List<Integer>)Arrays.asList(1,2,3,4,5);
List<? extends Number> doubles = (List<Double>)Arrays.asList(226.6131 , 7789879.3  );
List<? extends Number>  longs  = (List<Long>)Arrays.asList( 687643643687L , 743926945627L );
List<List<? extends Number>> lists = Arrays.asList( ints, doubles, longs );

It has none of the smells and all of the type safety you can get.
I expect adding Comparable would not be difficult.