text:
Jacob's Ladder
cooled by doyle
(thing) by lakeid Tue Jun 20 2000 at 8:03:51
An optical phenomenon. When there's a small hole in cloud cover, sometimes the sun's rays shine through his hole, creating a beam of sunlight that you can see. It often looks like a spotlight.
(thing) by Pseudo_Intellectual Tue Jun 20 2000 at 12:58:37
A children's toy named after the Biblical vision of Jacob; of a ladder reaching from heaven to earth along which there were angels ascending and descending. In short, the toy can be described as a series of thin wooden blocks connected by three rows of ribbons, two on one side and one on the other, which can be arranged in such a manner as to produce the illusion of one block's flopping and flipping down the chain. The following amended instructions cannibalized from FamilyFun Magazine tell you all you need to construct a Jacob's Ladder of your very own for endless hours of en'tainment:
Needed: a 1 1/2-foot length of 1-by-3-inch pine board (actual dimensions: 1/2 inch by 2 1/2 inches), a handsaw, sandpaper, craft paint, 3/8-inch-wide ribbon (1 1/2 feet of colour a and three feet of colour b), 18 thumbtacks and a pair of scissors.
1. Cut the board into six 2 1/2-inch blocks. Use the sandpaper to smooth the edges. Then paint the blocks on all sides and let them dry.
2. Tack ribbon a to the first block. Center the end of the ribbon on the left edge. Then pull the ribbon toward the right side so that it lies across the top of the block.
Cut ribbon b into two pieces of equal length. Then tack the b ribbons to the opposite edge of the same block, spacing them 1/4 inch from the corners. Lay the b ribbons across the block, in the opposite direction from the a ribbon.
3. Place a second block on top of the first one. Pull the b ribbons up over the top block and tack them to its left edge. Tack ribbon a to the right edge, then lay it across the top of the block.
4. One at a time, stack on the remaining blocks and attach them using the same method. When the last block has been attached, trim off the excess ribbon.
To set your Jacob's Ladder in motion, pick up the top two blocks and hold them together along the long edges, using your index finger and thumb. The bottom four blocks should hang freely. Then let go of the block that is second from the top. As it falls, it will appear to tumble down the chain of blocks.
(thing) by dannye Tue Jun 20 2000 at 17:05:55
Also a very entertaining little exercise in playing with string. You can get a kid fascinated with a loop of string if you just show 'em a couple of simple tricks, like cup and saucer. Jacob's Ladder is not one of the simpler ones, but they'll get it if they stick with it.
Hell, if you can hack into the FBI's web site, you can make a ladder out of a piece of string, can't you?
(thing) by eldritch Thu Nov 02 2000 at 17:23:33
Also a traditional folk hymn, which we used to sing at my church when I was a kid. As with many traditional folk songs, the lyrics and melody are a bit repetitive, but kind of soothing. And you can dress it up with harmonies.
We are climbing Jacob's ladder
Brothers, sisters, all
Every rung goes higher and higher
We are dancing Sarah's circle
Sisters, brothers, all
Every round a generation
(thing) by liveforever Fri Apr 13 2001 at 18:57:24
The Biblical vision of Jacob (Genesis 28:10-22):
(10) And Jacob went out from Beersheba, and went toward Haran.
(11) And he lighted upon a certain place, and tarried there all night, because the sun was set; and he took of the stones of that place, and put them for his pillows, and lay down in that place to sleep.
(12) And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it.
(13) And, behold, the LORD stood above it, and said, I am the LORD God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed;
(14) And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed.
(15) And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of.
(16) And Jacob awaked out of his sleep, and he said, Surely the LORD is in this place; and I knew it not.
(17) And he was afraid, and said, How dreadful is this place! this is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.
(18) And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put for his pillows, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it.
(19) And he called the name of that place Bethel: but the name of that city was called Luz at the first.
(20) And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on,
(21) So that I come again to my father's house in peace; then shall the LORD be my God:
(22) And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God's house: and of all that thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto thee.
The vision of Jacob is the only place in the Bible where the word "ladder" appears. One of the general exegetic interpretations placed upon this passage in the Bible* is that the steps of the ladder are an allegory for the path of good works and faith that leads the believer to heaven. In this exegesis, the sides of the ladder are then interpreted to symbolise Christ, as that which holds together the entire process, from start to finish.
The Rule of St. Benedict interprets Jacob's Ladder thus:
...if we wish to reach the greatest height of humility, and speedily to arrive at that heavenly exaltation to which ascent is made in the present life by humility, then, mounting by our actions, we must erect the ladder which appeared to Jacob in his dream, by means of which angels were shown to him ascending and descending. Without a doubt, we understand this ascending and descending to be nothing else but that we descend by pride and ascend by humility. The erected ladder, however, is our life in the present world, which, if the heart is humble, is by the Lord lifted up to heaven. For we say that our body and our soul are the two sides of this ladder; and into these sides the divine calling hath inserted various degrees of humility or discipline which we must mount.
- The Rule of Benedict, Ch. VII: "On Humility"
As translated by Rev. Boniface Verheyen, OSB (1949)
Disclaimer: While I am a Christian and a reader of the Bible, my faith is not particularly strong - I am secular in viewpoint. I am an historian, and as such, my approach to the Bible is as an historical remnant of the past, not as Scripture. Whatever interpretations you may place upon the Biblical passage quoted above are your own - I am merely noding it for your reference.
(review) by The Custodian Mon Sep 02 2002 at 1:57:11
Egad. All this information and none on the Tim Robbins film which is, nevertheless, referenced above (/me rolls up sleeves).
Jacob's Ladder is a bit of work that is quite difficult to classify. I'd say it's everything M. Night Shyamalan (izzat how it's spelled?) wishes he could pull off, late at night, in the throes of self-realization about how much his (derivative) films suck. (So I don't like 'em. Sue me.)
The problem with this film is that it's difficult to discuss without giving away spoilers; so, this, then, is your first, last and ONLY warning: there will be spoilers in this writeup. I will, however, warn you by indicating them with the word of confusion which, even though you can't see it, will warn you off, like this: Spoilers ahead! (That was an example. You're still safe). Note also: user nosce informs me that the IMDb page for this movie spoils it as well, so BE WARNED.
Okay, finally, on to the movie.
The film is a biopic about a Vietnam War veteran named Jacob Singer. When the movie opens, he's a relatively normal New Yorker, holding down a job at the Post office, reading what books he can, and loving his girlfriend (played with verve by Elizabeth Pena). He has some chronic back pains, which he copes with through the chiropractic services of his therapist Louis (Danny Aiello).
The problem is, his life begins to get progressively stranger.
One of the best visual pieces of this movie (for me, the New Yorker) was the faithful reconstruction of the 1970s New York subway. Jacob rides these to get around this his hometown - and it's on these rails, poorly-lit and smelling of (to quote Vinny) "The funk of forty thousand years!" that he begins to lose control of his reality.
As with most good mindgame movies, there are always more than enough plausible explanations for what's happening to him. At one point in the film, he in fact develops an extremely high fever, and comes to his senses in his bathtub, covered in ice, as Jezebel tries to wrest him back to consciousness. Visiting the VA Hospital, he is assured by the docs that it was a near thing; the infection and fever might have killed him had the fever not broken.
Of course, that can't explain what's going on, not to us. We've seen too much of his life to accept that explanation. At this point, reality begins shifting for him wholesale, and in the worst way - not through hallucinations, but through sudden changes in the fundamental basis of his world. It's the 'normal' things that become the dangerous ones, and it's the normal that Jacob learns to fear.
Anyhow, the film (directed by Adrian Lyne, whose CV includes the - IMHO - commercial and weak Fatal Attraction, the cringeworthy Flashdance, and the failed Jeremy Irons version of Lolita) is not a neat package. Whether or not that's by design, I can't say; however, it fits well. Lyne does an amazing job of recreating the New York City of the latter 1970s - the crushing summer heat, the stink of people, trash, vermin and vehicles, the unrelentingly beige sense of style, and more. Speaking as someone who lived through that at an impressionable age, it's entirely possible some of the goosebumps I get from this flick are from its entire visual mood.
There are a raft of folk who later went on to do memorable stuff. Ving Rhames is here. Eriq La Salle as well. Jason Alexander and, as mentioned (I believe), a very young Macauley Culkin who has a small but critical part. S. Epatha Merkerson looks quite at home in the city she'd later protect in Law & Order.
The movie is, at base, an elaborate retelling of a famous short story. I'm not going to tell you which one; you'll know when you see it. It's not a pretty film; it's a dark and seamy one. Not in terms of the evils of man, but the darkness of the psyche, in the parts of the head you don't sweep out and spray with Lemon Fresh Pledge on a regular basis. This film is the Place Under The Stairs in your skull. It doesn't try to scare you; it doesn't even think you're worth that much effort. In fact, it didn't scare me, so much as disturb the hell out of me.
I couldn't stop watching it when I first saw it. I am extremely glad I did see it, and am adamant that it will be a good few years before I see it again, if at all. I do, however, highly recommend it if you enjoy cerebral thrills.
Alternate title: Dante's Inferno
Directed by: Adrian Lyne
Written by: Bruce Joel Rubin
Thanks to IMDB for the hard factoids!
Hah! Kidding about the spoilers. Had you going, though, didn't I?
(thing) by Zorin Mon Sep 23 2002 at 1:31:50
A simple artificial lightning producing device. Two conductive rails are connected to a high voltage power source and arranged in a tall V configuration. What will happen is an arc will strike at the point of minimum distance between the conductors. Since the arc heats up the air around it, this air will rise and carry the arc up the V until the distance is too great for the arc to be maintained. At this point, the arc will break off and the process will repeat itself.
Jacob's ladders are pretty impressive for their simplicity. They can usually be constructed out of an old pole pig wired backwards with proper current limiting on the secondary windings.
(idea) by Jack Mon Nov 01 2004 at 11:29:30
The Wrong Side of the Tracks:
Visual Imagery (and other things)
in the Second Five Minutes of Adrian Lyne's "Jacob's Ladder"
The first five minutes of Jacob's Ladder rival the opening fifteen minutes of Saving Private Ryan in terms of being a horrific portrayal of war. That's not all that amazing - what is amazing is that Jacob's Ladder really isn't a war film. The next five minutes are some of the most interesting in contemporary cinema. Literary allusions abound, from ancient myth to existentialism. It is an emotional piece of cinematography in that it flawlessly provides the viewer with a snapshot of the main character's mental state through the rest of the film - really confused and really, really scared. But even better (especially from an analysis standpoint) is that this extended scene is a contained five minutes of film, a fully developed scene with a beginning, a middle and an end. It works on its own just as well as it fits the rest of the film.
The scene opens with Jacob waking up in a subway car. From the first moment the scene smacks of Amiri Baraka's The Dutchman, the essential theme being two people (possibly Adam and Eve) in Hell, with Hell represented by a subway train that never reaches a station.
The last we saw (and Jacob experienced) was Jacob getting bayonetted in Vietnam. He is disoriented, and so are we. Moviegoers are used to a perpendicular frame of reference, so to underscore this disorientation the camera is slightly tilted. It's a subtle technique - the audience become slightly unsettled but can't put their finger on why.
The book Jacob holds is The Stranger, by Camus, the concept of the novel being man's tendency to impose a rational order on the world in the face of evidence that the world is absurd. Applied to the film, we can say that it is death that is inexplicable and that we therefore create an intellectual and emotional framework to make sense of it instead of just letting it exist as a fact of life. That structure is the 'world' that Jacob is currently experiencing - a rationalization of his own mortality.
We get a shot of two subway posters. The first reads "New York may be a crazy town, but you'll never die of boredom. Enjoy!" which is essentially the movie poking fun at itself, and the second reads "HELL" and says that being on drugs is living in it. This, like the Camus reference (which recurs later - the book turns up in a desk drawer), is the whole plot of the movie in one quick shot.
He moves to the next car and tries to find out if the train has passed his stop yet. An odd woman stares at him as he talks at her, and her oddness is amplified by the lighting going in and out. Every time the lights come back on she's still staring and doesn't so much as blink at him. Adrian Lyne uses extremes of light and dark throughout the film, usually implemented with strobe lights, to further disrupt the audience's linear perception of time and to reenforce the surrealist feel of the work.
On the way out of the subway car he passes a homeless man lying on a seat, and we get a glimpse of a tail. This is this first sign that something's not at all right in Jacob's world, but the image is so briefly seen that he assumes he's imagining it. These demonic visions get worse and worse until they eventually step in and take over as realistic.
Jacob's attempt to get out of the subway station is filmed so that the audience knows that he's in a prison. Practically every time he's shown until he jumps down to the tracks he is behind bars or pillars or fences, and usually from below. That's an interesting use of an angle shot - When a person is filmed from a low-angle it makes them appear bigger than life (not surprisingly it's been nicknamed the superman shot). But in this case, he's not heroic - he's trapped in an abandoned subway station and there's little to no chance of him punching his way through a wall to escape.
As noted, the other use of a low-angle shot is to make what a person represents seem larger than life. Jacob's problems are completely internal so the low-angle shot makes his problems seem larger-than-life and, by contrast, make him seem helpless even though his delusional state is visually represented by him, in essence, towering over himself.
The station functions as a metaphor for Jacob's mind. It's a prison that he can't escape. At the end of the scene, after the train comes, we cut to Jacob entering his apartment. We don't actually see him leave the station. Most scenes in this film don't have logical endings, implying that all the horrors he is experiencing are happening simultaneously and that we are jumping tracks to aid the narrative, and he is jumping the same tracks to avoid intense physical or emotional pain. This isn't a murder mystery - the point isn't to discover which reality is true, it's to come to the realization that they're all true.
The only way out of the station is to cross the tracks, a feat which Jacob attempts. As he crosses them (carefully - a wonderful detail is Jacob testing each rail with his foot in case it's electrified) a train comes. As he crosses he puts his foot squarely into a canal of water that runs the length of the track. The reference is to ancient Greek mythology - crossing the river Styx to enter the underworld.
We don't see the train itself initially so much as we feel it - it is represented by swaying lamps and dancing lightbulbs. When Jacob sees the train there is a moment of panic - he is standing in the middle of a switch in the tracks and doesn't know where the train is going to go; there is no 'safe' side. Again, demons appear on the train - people with no faces, pressed up against the glass. The audience never sees one of these visions for more than a few seconds - by keeping them briefly shown and ambiguously placed and lit, the audience is kept in a state of confusion as to what is 'real' and what is in Jacob's head. The joke's on them, of course, as they realize that both sets are true. The demons are as real as Jacob makes them because they, and the world, reside in his head.
These five minutes are so wonderful because they are amazingly detailed. It's the little things that make it great, and those details conspire to create a completely engrossing world. That's quite a feat considering that Jacob's world is almost completely unbelievable. Lyne succeeds in crafting a universe in a little under two hours - and succeeds in making a disbelieving audience believe the inherently unbelievable.
pole pig M. Night Shyamalan Climbing Jacob's Ladder Through the Fireplace Tim Robbins
Catastrophic Cascading Failure Condition Nag Champa Joel Peter Witkin Rubik's Magic
Olsen Twins Farnsworth fusor Post-traumatic stress disorder The People Under The Stairs
Polemoniaceae BZ Rabbit in Your Headlights Flatliners
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Stairway to Heaven S. Epatha Merkerson Adrian Lyne
surprise ending Faraday cage
Newton's Rape Manual and other surprises
The Founding and Manifesto of Futurism
Japanese romanization
The United States is already at war with Iraq
firm handshake


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Dancer Interrupted: A true expose of a ballerina's fall from grace. (Paperback)
By Susan Priver
(03 BIOGRAPHY)
Actress Susan Priver began her love affair with the stage as a young ballerina handpicked to attend George Balanchine's School of American Ballet at age 14. But at 17 she blows her chance to become part of the New York City Ballet when she succumbs to a bout of debilitating depression.She eventually restarts her ballet career, dancing with New York's Eglevsky Ballet and the Hannover State Opera, in Germany. But when she's fired by the Cleveland Ballet at age 24, she finds herself overwhelmed with shame, without the strength or confidence to audition for another company. For a dancer, not being employed and not performing, means you don't exist. Susan travels back to her parent's Los Angeles home hoping to get the love and compassion she never got. Instead, she's reminded that she was never good enough. Life becomes a descent into hell. A series of waitressing jobs and bad relationships (including one with a Russian psychologist who has a penchant for shoplifting), ensue. Searching for a self without ballet, Susan unconsciously seeks to feel the pain that ballet dancers must endure on a daily basis. Only after hitting rock bottom does she find the courage to reconnect to her love for the stage. This is her personal story of discovering meaning without the veil of ballet, a story of overcoming and learning how to live in the real world without a tiara.
Publisher: Tampico Press Books

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Flot: Markings - Size of line stroke Is it possible to change the line stroke of markings? I already know that is possible to change the color of it:
markings: [ { yaxis: { from: 0, to: 0 }, color: "#000"},
            { xaxis: { from: 0, to: 0 }, color: "#000" }],

I've used this solution to make my axis without the background grid line:
display-x-axis-and-y-axis-lines-with-out-the-grid-lines-using-flot

A: Just add the option:
        markings: [ { yaxis: { from: 0, to: 0 }, color: "#000"},
                    { xaxis: { from: 0, to: 0 }, color: "#000" }],
        markingsLineWidth: 2.5, //number

A: Along with the markingsLineWidth option that apply to all markings, you can also define lineWidth per marking:
markings: [ { yaxis: { from: 0, to: 0 }, color: "#000", lineWidth: 5},  // speficic value
            { xaxis: { from: 0, to: 0 }, color: "#000" }],
markingsLineWidth: 2.5, // default value

Links to the source code:
Default value: markingsLineWidth: 2
Per marking value: var lineWidth = m.lineWidth || options.grid.markingsLineWidth;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
CCSD Supt. Jara addresses decision to eliminate 170 dean positions; CCEA not objecting
by: Cristen Drummond
Posted: Jun 11, 2019 / 11:15 PM PDT / Updated: Jun 11, 2019 / 11:28 PM PDT
LAS VEGAS (KLAS) — Clark County School District Superintendent Dr. Jesus Jara is speaking out about his plan to cut 170 dean positions. The news came on the heels of the district's need to fill a nearly $20 million budget hole.
Supt. Jara says the high school and middle school deans are not losing their jobs because there are other opportunities for those employees from being an assistant principal to going back into the classroom as a teacher, but that will likely come with a pay cut.
According to Dr. Jara, the shakeup was a tough decision, but it is not only about the budget; it was also done to change the district's mindset regarding safety in schools.
"We have to do things differently," Dr. Jara said. "We can't continue to do the same thing and expect our children to be in school. Across the country, when you look at urban school systems, the dean position is a teaching position."
The dean position is made up of various tasks, including teacher evaluations, discipline, and safety on campuses. Jara wants to reallocate those responsibilities elsewhere.
"When you really look at the assistant principals there, there're other administrators within the school as well and that's where we need to look at it," Jara said.
The news was a shocking decision to many across the Las Vegas valley, but it wasn't to the Clark County Education Association.
"There was no surprise, and I don't know why the community is surprised," said John Vellardita, executive director of Clark County Education Association. "I mean it was very clear as the session was moving on, and when the legislative session closed out there was a shortfall. Everybody knew it."
The teachers union does not plan to object Jara's plan. But the threat of a strike remains a possibility if the district makes any cuts to the classroom.
"We think the situation is fluid," Vellardita said.
Concerns remain about the dean position's role with school safety. Jara says money approved from this legislative session will help address that.
"So we're going into looking at where the safety dollars that are going to come in and what inventions and what resources that we can put into our schools," Jara said.
According to Jara, they're taking a different approach and doing what is best for students across the district.
"When you really look at where do we balance the budget, protecting the classroom was the number one priority of mine and my board," said Supt. Jara.
Jara says he's in talks with the superintendent of the state about the safety money. He says he wants behavioral specialists and interventionists.


Annual Rally and AGM Weekend Wroxall Abbey Hotel Near Warwick, (CV35 7NB). Following our excellent reception at Wroxall in 2017, we felt it was worth another visit. Details of the Saturday entertainment, our dinner together and our Rally/AGM are all being finalised by Martin and by the February issue full details of booking, costs etc will be known.


text:
Q: VGA pixel grouping on STM32 I have some code that displays a single pixel on screen through VGA but am a bit stuck on how I could set multiple pixels on screen where I want them. I set up two Timers for Vertical Sync and Horizontal Sync then using the V-Sync interrupt, I set a flag to allow PA8 to toggle and output a pixel at the correct timing based on the SetCompare value I set on the timer's channel. The STM32f103c8 is also overclocked to 128MHz. Here's the code:
#include "Arduino.h"

//640x480 at 60Hz
static volatile int vflag = 0;

void setup() {

#define FLASH_ACR (*(volatile uint32_t*)(0x40022000))
FLASH_ACR = 0b110010; //enable flash prefetch and wait state to increase stability at higher freq

pinMode(PA0, PWM); //31,468.75Hz (Horizontal Sync) (Channel 1)
Timer2.pause();
Timer2.setOverflow(4067); //reload register value
Timer2.setPrescaleFactor(1); //number that divides main clock
Timer2.setCompare(1, 488); //12% duty cycle (Syncpulse/Wholeline)
Timer2.setCompare(2, 2000); //0-4067 = vertical line going left or right respectively
Timer2.attachInterrupt(2, TRIGGER);
Timer2.refresh();
Timer2.resume();

pinMode(PA6, PWM); //60Hz (Vertical Sync) (Channel 1)
Timer3.pause();
Timer3.setOverflow(4183); //reload register value
Timer3.setPrescaleFactor(510); //number that divides main clock
Timer3.setCompare(1, 16); //0.38% duty cycle (Syncpulse/Wholeframe)
Timer3.setCompare(2, 2000); //0-4183 = horizontal line going up or down respectively
Timer3.attachInterrupt(2, TRIGGER2);
Timer3.refresh();
Timer3.resume();

pinMode(PA8, OUTPUT); //need to set PinMode in order for the ODR register to work

}

void loop() {

}

void TRIGGER(){
if(vflag==1){
__asm__ volatile (
"ldr r0, =(0x4001080C) \n\t" //GPIOA base address is 0x40010800 and ODR offset is 0x0C
"ldr r1, =(1<<8) \n\t" //turn on PA8
"ldr r2, =0 \n\t" //turn off PA8

"str r1, [r0] \n\t" //turn on PA8
"str r2, [r0] \n\t" //turn off PA8

);
vflag = 0; //we set the vflag back to zero when were done outputing pixels.
}
}

I understand there's graphical defects/glitches and the code can be improved on but I'm trying to focus on how in theory this works. What I want to do is have a word display on screen, that word will be made up of letters, and those letters will be made up of groups of pixels. So then whats the best (or simplest) way to group pixels and execute them multiple times on-screen? Or how is this usually done?

A: I do not code for STM32 so even the code looks foreign to me however it sounds like you are hard-coding the individual pixels with timer... and generating VGA signal by some GPIO. That combination of methods is problematic to use for programmable graphics.
I am using AVR32 (UC3A with much slower clock then yours) to doing VGA image using:

*

*screen buffer (videoram)
simply I have entire screen image stored in MCU memory. So you can simply change it contents without changing the VGA output code ...
The problem is you need to have enough memory for the image (encoded in a way to enable direct transfer to VGA connector). I am using AVR32 with 16+32+32 KByte of RAM but most MCUs have much less RAM (static images can be stored in EPROM but then it would not be possible to change the image output). So in case you do not have enough either lower resolution to fit into memory or add external memory to your system.

*use integrated HW peripherial for VGA signal generation
I have more versions of VGA signal generation working:

*

*SDRAM ... using SDRAM interface of the MCU

*SMC ... using SMC interface of the MCU

*SSC ... using synchronous serial interface

It all boils down to copying the screen buffer to IO interface at the VGA dot clock (~30MHz). Then on HW side combining the used MCU pins into VGA signals
for speed you can use DMA.
On top of all this you need to generate the sync signals and that is all.
So look at your MCU datasheet and find interface capable of synchronous transfer at least 3 bit data (R,G,B) with VGA dot clock speed. The closer the clock is to VGA dot clock the better (as some VGA monitors  and LCDs do not tolerate too big difference)
the sync signals can be hardcoded or even encoded in the video ram.
The fastest is to use serial interface but the output is just B&W instead of RGB (unless you got 3 SSC units/channels) however you can send entire 8/16/32 pixels at once or by DMA directly so the MCU has time for other stuff and also requires much less VRAM.
My favourite is SDRAM interface (using just its data bus)
Here image from mine system:

Mine interconnection looks like this (using MCUs SDRAM interface version):
VGA <-  AT32UC3A0512
 R      PX10 (EBI_D0)
 G      PX09 (EBI_D1)
 B      PX08 (EBI_D2)
 Bright PX07 (EBI_D3)*
 HS     PA03
 VS     PA04

Here the relevant source:
VGA_EBI_SDRAMC.h:
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define _PA_VGA_HS  8
#define _PA_VGA_VS 16
#define _PAmo      24
volatile avr32_gpio_port_t *port_PA=&GPIO.port[AVR32_PIN_PA00>>5];
volatile U8 *SDRAM=(U8*)AVR32_EBI_CS0_ADDRESS;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//--- VGA 640x480x4 60Hz -------------------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define VRAM_xs 304
#define VRAM_ys 400
#define VRAM_bs 4
#define VRAM_ls (VRAM_xs>>1)
U8      VRAM[VRAM_ls*VRAM_ys];
U8      VRAM_empty[VRAM_ls];
// Horizontal timing [us]
#define VGA_t0 3
#define VGA_t1 5
#define VGA_t2 32
// Vertikal timing [lines ~31.817us] aby voslo viac bodov tak je to natiahnute na 32us++
#define VGA_ys 525
#define VGA_VS 2
#define VGA_y0 (36+40)
#define VGA_y1 (VGA_y0+VRAM_ys)
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void VGA_init();
void VGA_screen();
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void VGA_init()
    {
    system_init();
    Disable_global_interrupt();
    gpio_configure_pins(port_PA,_PAmo,GPIO_DIR_OUTPUT|GPIO_INIT_HIGH);
    static const gpio_map_t EBI_GPIO_MAP[] =
        {
        { AVR32_EBI_DATA_0_PIN, AVR32_EBI_DATA_0_FUNCTION},
        { AVR32_EBI_DATA_1_PIN, AVR32_EBI_DATA_1_FUNCTION},
        { AVR32_EBI_DATA_2_PIN, AVR32_EBI_DATA_2_FUNCTION},
        { AVR32_EBI_DATA_3_PIN, AVR32_EBI_DATA_3_FUNCTION},
        };
    gpio_enable_module(EBI_GPIO_MAP, sizeof(EBI_GPIO_MAP) / sizeof(EBI_GPIO_MAP[0]));

    AVR32_SDRAMC.mr=0;  // normal mode
    AVR32_SDRAMC.tr=0;  // no refresh (T=0)
    AVR32_SDRAMC.cr=
         (AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_NC_11_COLUMN_BITS <<AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_NC_OFFSET)
        |(AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_NR_13_ROW_BITS    <<AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_NR_OFFSET)
        |(AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_NB_TWO_BANKS      <<AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_NB_OFFSET)
        |(AVR32_SDRAMC_CAS_ONE_CYCLE        <<AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_CAS_OFFSET)
        |(AVR32_SDRAMC_DBW_16_BITS          <<AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_DBW_OFFSET)
        |(0                                 <<AVR32_SDRAMC_TWR_OFFSET)
        |(0                                 <<AVR32_SDRAMC_TRC_OFFSET)
        |(0                                 <<AVR32_SDRAMC_TRP_OFFSET)
        |(0                                 <<AVR32_SDRAMC_TRCD_OFFSET)
        |(0                                 <<AVR32_SDRAMC_TRAS_OFFSET)
        |(0                                 <<AVR32_SDRAMC_TXSR_OFFSET);
    AVR32_SDRAMC.hsr=AVR32_SDRAMC_HSR_DA_MASK;
    AVR32_SDRAMC.mdr=AVR32_SDRAMC_MDR_MD_SDRAM;

    // map SDRAM CS -> memory space
    AVR32_HMATRIX.sfr[AVR32_EBI_HMATRIX_NR]|=1<<AVR32_EBI_SDRAM_CS;
    AVR32_HMATRIX.sfr[AVR32_EBI_HMATRIX_NR];

    U32 a;
    for (a=0;a<VRAM_ls*VRAM_ys;a++) VRAM[a]=0;
    for (a=0;a<VRAM_ls;a++) VRAM_empty[a]=0;
    }
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void VGA_screen()
    {
    U32 a,x,y,c,PA,t0;
    wait_start(t0);
    for (;;)
        {
        for (PA=_PAmo,a=0,y=0;y<VGA_ys;y++)
            {
            wait_start(t0);
            if (y==     0) PA^=_PA_VGA_VS; else PA^=0;  // VS on
            if (y==VGA_VS) PA^=_PA_VGA_VS; else PA^=0;  // VS off
            PA^=_PA_VGA_HS;                             // HS on
            port_PA->ovrc=PA^_PAmo;
            port_PA->ovrs=PA;
            wait_us(t0,VGA_t0);
            PA^=_PA_VGA_HS;                             // HS off
            port_PA->ovrc=PA^_PAmo;
            port_PA->ovrs=PA;
            wait_us(t0,VGA_t1);
            *SDRAM=0; // blank (black)
            if ((y>=VGA_y0)&&(y<VGA_y1))
             for (x=0;x<VRAM_ls;x++)
                 {
                 c=VRAM[a];
                 *SDRAM=c>>4; // write pixel into SDRAM interface (address is ignored as I use only data bus pins)
                 a++;
                 *SDRAM=c; // write pixel into SDRAM interface (address is ignored as I use only data bus pins)

                 }
            *SDRAM=0; // blank (black)
            wait_us(t0,VGA_t2);
            }
        }
    }
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Main.cpp:
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "System\include.h"
#include "pic_zilog_inside.h"
//#include "VGA_EBI_SMC.h"
#include "VGA_EBI_SDRAMC.h"
//#include "VGA_SSC.h"
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void pic_copy(U8 *dst,U32 dst_xs,U32 dst_ys,U32 dst_bs,U8 *src,U32 src_xs,U32 src_ys,U32 src_bs)
    {
    U32 x0,y0,a0,l0;
    U32 x1,y1,a1,l1;
    U32 a; U8 c,m;
    l0=1; l1=1;
    if (dst_bs==1) l0=dst_xs>>3;
    if (dst_bs==2) l0=dst_xs>>2;
    if (dst_bs==4) l0=dst_xs>>1;
    if (dst_bs==8) l0=dst_xs;
    if (src_bs==1) l1=src_xs>>3;
    if (src_bs==2) l1=src_xs>>2;
    if (src_bs==4) l1=src_xs>>1;
    if (src_bs==8) l1=src_xs;

    for (a0=0;a0<dst_ys*l0;a0++) dst[a0]=0;

    for (y0=0;y0<dst_ys;y0++)
        {
        y1=(y0*(src_ys-1))/(dst_ys-1);
        a0=l0*y0;
        a1=l1*y1;
        for (x0=0;x0<dst_xs;x0++)
            {
            x1=(x0*(src_xs-1))/(dst_xs-1);
            c=0;
            if (src_bs==1)
                {
                c=src[a1+(x1>>3)];
                c>>=7-(x1&7);
                c&=1;
                }
            if (src_bs==4)
                {
                c=src[a1+(x1>>1)];
                if (U32(x0&1)==0) c>>=4;
                c&=15;
                }
            if (dst_bs==1)
                {
                c<<=7-(x0&7);
                a=a0+(x0>>3);
                dst[a]|=c; if (!c) dst[a]^=c;
                }
            if (dst_bs==4)
                {
                if (c) c=15;
                if (U32(x0&1)==0) { c<<=4; m=0x0F; } else m=0xF0;
                a=a0+(x0>>1);
                dst[a]&=m;
                dst[a]|=c;
                }
            }
        }
    }
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(void)
    {
    VGA_init();
    pic_copy
        (
        (U8*)VRAM,
        VRAM_xs,
        VRAM_ys,
        VRAM_bs,
        (U8*)pic_zilog_inside,
        pic_zilog_inside_xs,
        pic_zilog_inside_ys,
        pic_zilog_inside_bs
        );
    VGA_screen();
    }
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

pic_zilog_inside.h:
const U32 pic_zilog_inside_xs=640;
const U32 pic_zilog_inside_ys=480;
const U32 pic_zilog_inside_bs=1;
const U32 pic_zilog_inside[]= // hard coded image
    {
    0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,
    0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0x80000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,
    0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000001,0x80000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,
...
    0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000001,0x80000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,
    0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000001,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,
    0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,0xFFFFFFFF,
    };

The function pic_copy just copies hard-coded image into VRAM.
The function VGA_screen() creates the VGA signal in endless loop so other tasks must be encoded into ISRs or hard coded into pause code or between individual frames (however this is really demanding on mine setup as I got small MCU clock so there is not much room for other stuff to do). The VRAM is encoded in 16 colors (4 bits per pixel)
         8 4 2 1
Brightness B G R

The brightness should just adds some voltage to R,G,B with few resistors and diodes  but newer implemented it on HW side instead I have this circuit (8 colors only):

The diodes must be fast with the same barrier voltage and capacitors are 1nF. Its to avoid glitching of the image due to used interface data bus timing. Also the diodes are needed for the brightness if added in future for more info see the R2R current problem in here:

*

*Generating square wave in AVR Assembly without PWM
[Edit1] I made huge changes in code:
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//--- VGA EBI SDRAMC DMACA ver: 3.0 --------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
 VGA <- AT32UC3A3256
 R      PX10 (EBI_D0)
 G      PX09 (EBI_D1)
 B      PX08 (EBI_D2)
 Bright PX07 (EBI_D3)*
 /HS    PX58
 /VS    PX59

Button  PB10 (Bootloader)
debug   PX54 (timing of TC00)

*/
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//#define _Debug  AVR32_PIN_PX54
#define _Button AVR32_PIN_PB10
#define _VGA_HS (1<<(AVR32_PIN_PX58&31))
#define _VGA_VS (1<<(AVR32_PIN_PX59&31))
#define _VGA_mask (_VGA_HS|_VGA_VS)
volatile avr32_gpio_port_t *port_VGA=&GPIO.port[AVR32_PIN_PX58>>5];
volatile U8 *SDRAM=(U8*)AVR32_EBI_CS0_ADDRESS;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//--- VGA 640x480x4 60Hz -------------------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define VRAM_xs 256
#define VRAM_ys 192
#define VRAM_bs 8
#define VRAM_ls ((VRAM_xs*VRAM_bs)>>3)
volatile static U8 VRAM[VRAM_ls*VRAM_ys];
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

     |------------------------|
     |         V sync         |
     | |----------------------|
     | |       V back         |
     | | |------------------| |
     |H|H|                  |H|
     |s|b|  Video 640x480   |f|
     |y|a|    525 lines     |r|
     |n|c|      60 Hz       |o|
     |c|k|                  |n|
     | | |------------------|t|
     | |       V front        |
     |------------------------|

 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// VGA 640x480 60Hz H timing [pixels] dot clock = 25.175MHz
#define VGA_H_front 16
#define VGA_H_sync  96
#define VGA_H_back  48
#define VGA_H_video 640
// VGA 640x480 60Hz H timing [us] Ht = H/25.175, Hf = Vf*(VGA_V_video+VGA_V_front+VGA_V_sync+VGA_V_back)
#define VGA_Ht_front 1
#define VGA_Ht_sync  2
#define VGA_Ht_back  1
#define VGA_Hf 31500
// VGA 640x480 60Hz V timing [lines]
#define VGA_V_video 480
#define VGA_V_front 10
#define VGA_V_sync  2
#define VGA_V_back  33
#define VGA_Vf 60
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void VGA_init();
void VGA_screen();
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
__attribute__((__interrupt__)) static void ISR_TC00_VGA()   // TC0 chn:0 VGA horizontal frequency
    {                                                       // 8us every 31.75us -> 25% of CPU power
    tc_read_sr(&AVR32_TC0,0);                               // more centered image requires +1 us to VGA_Ht_back -> 28% CPU power

    #define y0 (VGA_V_video)
    #define y1 (y0+VGA_V_front)
    #define y2 (y1+VGA_V_sync)
    #define y3 (y2+VGA_V_back)
    #define yscr0 ((VGA_V_video>>1)-VRAM_ys)
    #define yscr1 (yscr0+(VRAM_ys<<1))
    static volatile U8 *p;
    static volatile U32 y=y3;

    #ifdef _Debug
    gpio_set_gpio_pin(_Debug);
    #endif

    // init state
    if (y>=y3){ y=0; p=VRAM; port_VGA->ovrs=_VGA_mask; }
    // VS sync
    if (y==y1) port_VGA->ovrc=_VGA_VS;      // VS = L
    if (y==y2) port_VGA->ovrs=_VGA_VS;      // VS = H
    // HS sync
    wait_us(VGA_Ht_front);                  // front
    port_VGA->ovrc=_VGA_HS;                 // HS = L
    wait_us(VGA_Ht_sync);                   // sync
    port_VGA->ovrs=_VGA_HS;                 // HS = H
    wait_us(VGA_Ht_back);                   // back

    // 8bit pixelformat DMACA, scan doubler + y offset
    if ((y>=yscr0)&&(y<yscr1))
        {
        // Enable the DMACA
        AVR32_DMACA.dmacfgreg = (1 << AVR32_DMACA_DMACFGREG_DMA_EN_OFFSET);

        // Src Address: the source_data address
        AVR32_DMACA.sar2 = (uint32_t)p;
        // Dst Address: the dest_data address
        AVR32_DMACA.dar2 = (uint32_t)SDRAM;
        // Linked list ptrs: not used.
        AVR32_DMACA.llp2 = 0x00000000;
        // Channel 2 Ctrl register low
        AVR32_DMACA.ctl2l =
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2L_INT_EN_OFFSET)       |  // Enable interrupts
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2L_DST_TR_WIDTH_OFFSET) |  // Dst transfer width: 8bit (1,2 znasobi dotclock na 2x)
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2L_SRC_TR_WIDTH_OFFSET) |  // Src transfer width: 8bit
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2L_DINC_OFFSET)         |  // Dst address increment: increment
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2L_SINC_OFFSET)         |  // Src address increment: increment
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2L_DST_MSIZE_OFFSET)    |  // Dst burst transaction len: 1 data items (each of size DST_TR_WIDTH)
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2L_SRC_MSIZE_OFFSET)    |  // Src burst transaction len: 1 data items (each of size DST_TR_WIDTH)
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2L_TT_FC_OFFSET)        |  // transfer type:M2M, flow controller: DMACA
            (1 << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2L_DMS_OFFSET)          |  // Destination master: HSB master 2
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2L_SMS_OFFSET)          |  // Source master: HSB master 1
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2L_LLP_D_EN_OFFSET)     |  // Not used
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2L_LLP_S_EN_OFFSET);       // Not used

        // Channel 2 Ctrl register high
        AVR32_DMACA.ctl2h =
            ((VRAM_ls) << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2H_BLOCK_TS_OFFSET) | // Block transfer size
            (0           << AVR32_DMACA_CTL2H_DONE_OFFSET);      // Not done

        // Channel 2 Config register low
        AVR32_DMACA.cfg2l =
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CFG2L_HS_SEL_DST_OFFSET) | // Destination handshaking: ignored because the dst is memory
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CFG2L_HS_SEL_SRC_OFFSET);  // Source handshaking: ignored because the src is memory.

        // Channel 2 Config register high
        AVR32_DMACA.cfg2h =
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CFG2H_DEST_PER_OFFSET) | // Dest hw handshaking itf: ignored because the dst is memory.
            (0 << AVR32_DMACA_CFG2H_SRC_PER_OFFSET);   // Source hw handshaking itf: ignored because the src is memory.

        // Enable Channel 2 : start the process.
        AVR32_DMACA.chenreg = ((4 << AVR32_DMACA_CHENREG_CH_EN_OFFSET) | (4 << AVR32_DMACA_CHENREG_CH_EN_WE_OFFSET));

        // DMACA is messing up first BYTE so send it by SW before DMA
        *SDRAM=*p;

        // scan doubler increment only every second scanline
        if ((y&1)==1) p+=VRAM_ls;
        }
    *SDRAM=0; y++;

    #ifdef _Debug
    gpio_clr_gpio_pin(_Debug);
    #endif

    #undef y0
    #undef y1
    #undef y2
    #undef y3
    }
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void VGA_init()
    {
    system_init();
    Disable_global_interrupt();
    gpio_configure_pin(_Button,GPIO_DIR_INPUT);
    #ifdef _Debug
    gpio_configure_pin(_Debug,GPIO_DIR_OUTPUT);
    #endif
    gpio_configure_pins(port_VGA,_VGA_mask,GPIO_DIR_OUTPUT|GPIO_INIT_HIGH);
    static const gpio_map_t EBI_GPIO_MAP[] =
        {
        { AVR32_EBI_DATA_0_PIN, AVR32_EBI_DATA_0_FUNCTION},
        { AVR32_EBI_DATA_1_PIN, AVR32_EBI_DATA_1_FUNCTION},
        { AVR32_EBI_DATA_2_PIN, AVR32_EBI_DATA_2_FUNCTION},
        { AVR32_EBI_DATA_3_PIN, AVR32_EBI_DATA_3_FUNCTION},
        };
    gpio_enable_module(EBI_GPIO_MAP, sizeof(EBI_GPIO_MAP) / sizeof(EBI_GPIO_MAP[0]));

    AVR32_SDRAMC.mr=0;  // normal mode
    AVR32_SDRAMC.tr=0;  // no refresh (T=0)
    AVR32_SDRAMC.cr=
         (AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_NC_11_COLUMN_BITS <<AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_NC_OFFSET)
        |(AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_NR_13_ROW_BITS    <<AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_NR_OFFSET)
        |(AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_NB_TWO_BANKS      <<AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_NB_OFFSET)
        |(AVR32_SDRAMC_CAS_ONE_CYCLE        <<AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_CAS_OFFSET)
        |(AVR32_SDRAMC_DBW_16_BITS          <<AVR32_SDRAMC_CR_DBW_OFFSET)
        |(0                                 <<AVR32_SDRAMC_TWR_OFFSET)
        |(0                                 <<AVR32_SDRAMC_TRC_OFFSET)
        |(0                                 <<AVR32_SDRAMC_TRP_OFFSET)
        |(0                                 <<AVR32_SDRAMC_TRCD_OFFSET)
        |(0                                 <<AVR32_SDRAMC_TRAS_OFFSET)
        |(0                                 <<AVR32_SDRAMC_TXSR_OFFSET);
    AVR32_SDRAMC.hsr=AVR32_SDRAMC_HSR_DA_MASK;
    AVR32_SDRAMC.mdr=AVR32_SDRAMC_MDR_MD_SDRAM;

    // map SDRAM CS -> memory space
    AVR32_HMATRIX.sfr[AVR32_EBI_HMATRIX_NR]|=1<<AVR32_EBI_SDRAM_CS;
    AVR32_HMATRIX.sfr[AVR32_EBI_HMATRIX_NR];

    for (U32 a=0;a<VRAM_ls*VRAM_ys;a++) VRAM[a]=0;

    timer_init(&AVR32_TC0,0,VGA_Hf,ISR_TC00_VGA,0);
    Enable_global_interrupt();
    }
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Now its enough to call VGA_init(); and the stuff runs in background using Timer and DMA between internal RAM and EBI SDRAM interface. It uses only 25% of CPU power in current configuration. However half of VRAM is wasted as only 4 bits are used so high nibel might be used for back buffering to compensate. I also downclock the stuf to 66MHz as I do not have enough RAM for higher resolutions.


What is News and Current Events?
As if SOPA, PIPA, ACTA, CISPA and the copyright directive weren't enough.
How many Vizzedians would be willing to blacklist this horrible airline for life?
An evil team[Rocket?] airline just kept a pair of ol' girls from rushing to their father before he passed. Can we personally punish Allegiant Air for callously hiring brutally nasty personnel?
John Glenn passed away at age 95.
I swear people are getting dumber and dumber.
Teen from India poses with gun,accidently kills himself.
Maybe it should be aboloshed as a day.


text:
Jebus.
The working class have their own aspirations and ambitions.
You classist little shit you.
No point in giving them a bath tub you know, they\'ll only keep the coal in it.
previousEven the TUC Now Gets It
nextOh Dear George
5 thoughts on "Neal Lawson"
Bob B March 11, 2008 at 1:58 pm
On first visiting Japan c. 25 years ago, I noted that the Japanese love reading the results of public opinion polls about their national attitudes and values. One of the findings at the itme was that hardly anyone in Japan regarded themselves as "working class" – practically everyone thought of themselves as "middle class".
The minimum school leaving age was 16 but almost all school students stayed on to 18 despite parents being obliged to pay school fees for students over the minimum school leaving age. There were no maintenance grants for students at university, although the fees at the state universities were heavily subsidised but not the (high) fees at the many private universities of vary quality. The result was the notoriously and ferociously difficult competitive entrance exams for the places at the state universities, especially Tokyo University. And, arguably, also the very high propensity to save of Japanese households.
By way of contrast, a recognisable segment of the population in Britain claims to be deeply outraged if they are not regarded as "working class" and "proud of it". Remember what George Orwell wrote in 1936:
"The time was when I used to lament over quite imaginary pictures of lads of fourteen dragged protesting from their lessons and set to work at dismal jobs. It seemed to me dreadful that the doom of a 'job' should descend upon anyone at fourteen. Of course I know now that there is not one working-class boy in a thousand who does not pine for the day when he will leave school. He wants to be doing real work, not wasting his time on ridiculous rubbish like history and geography. To the working class, the notion of staying at school till you are nearly grown-up seems merely contemptible and unmanly."
http://www.george-orwell.org/The_Road_to_Wigan_Pier/6.html
Sad to say, in parts, not too much as changed since then. If readers think that an exaggerated or incredible claim, then try this recent news report:
"ONE in five of the country's worst 50 schools based on 14-year-olds' test results can be found in Yorkshire, according to shocking figures published today."
http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/schools/Tests-gloom-for-Yorkshires-failing.3824612.jp
MikeinAppalachia March 11, 2008 at 2:22 pm
"But that is what socialism should be – the ability to control our lives."
Interesting-
As Orwell remarked in: The Road to Wigan Pier (1937):
"As with the Christian religion, the worst advertisement for Socialism is its adherents."
http://www.george-orwell.org/The_Road_to_Wigan_Pier/10.html
Tim Almond March 11, 2008 at 3:34 pm
Bob B,
I'm not sure that Orwell was wrong when he wrote that. That's not the same as saying that people described as "working class" have different aspirations and ambitions. They do, but see other paths to get there.
"They do, but see other paths to get there."
Too right about that. One of the great tragedies nowadays IMO is the number of "working class lads" who aspire to become professional footballers earning thousands a week who therefore feel they can safely forget about trying at school. It's rather like that previous aspiration of middle class mums in the 1930s and 1940s who all wanted to put their daughters on the stage – hence that once-popular Noel Coward ditty: Don't put your daughter on the stage, Mrs Worthington:
http://lyricsplayground.com/alpha/songs/d/dontputyourdaughteronthestagemrsworthington.shtml
The trouble is that very few lads are going to make the grade in football so they have to make do with initially casual work in the construction industry or building sets for movies. That's why Labour governments are so keen about sponsoring the likes of the Millennium Dome, programmes to rebuild every secondary school in the country regardless, and tax breaks for film producers. Not to mention, approving plans for building new coal-fired power stations despite all the government's ringing commitments to curb greenhouse gas emissions.
Unskilled manual jobs are becoming increasing scarce in affluent countries, which is why staying-on rates in school are rising. The curious thing about Britain – as I've often mentioned here before – is that we are near the bottom of the league table for OECD countries in staying-on rates in education and training at 16.
Some in Britain were quicker than others to appreciate the emerging trends in the job markets. The attainment of girls in the school leaving exams overtook that of boys in the early 1990s and their ambition and attainment didn't stop there:
"WOMEN university students now outnumber men across all subject areas, from engineering to medicine and law to physical sciences."
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2-2356965.html
Sadly, it wasn't like that when I was a student at uni half a century ago.


This self-portrait of NASA's Mars rover Curiosity combines dozens of exposures taken by the rover's Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) during the 177th Martian day, or sol, of Curiosity's work on Mars (Feb. 3, 2013), plus three exposures taken during Sol 270 (May 10, 2013) to update the appearance of part of the ground beside the rover. The updated area, which is in the lower left quadrant of the image, shows gray-powder and two holes where Curiosity used its drill on the rock target "John Klein." The portion has been spliced into a self-portrait that was prepared and released in February (PIA16764), before the use of the drill. The result shows what the site where the self-portrait was taken looked like by the time the rover was ready to drive away from that site in May 2013.
The rover's robotic arm is not visible in the mosaic. MAHLI, which took the component images for this mosaic, is mounted on a turret at the end of the arm. Wrist motions and turret rotations on the arm allowed MAHLI to acquire the mosaic's component images. The arm was positioned out of the shot in the images, or portions of images, used in the mosaic.


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text:
St. Agnes Church may refer to:

Canada
 St. Agnes Church, Thunder Bay, Ontario

Germany
St. Agnes, Cologne, Germany

Italy
Sant'Agnese fuori le mura, Rome, Italy
Sant'Agnese in Agone, Rome, Italy

Japan
St. Agnes Cathedral (Kyoto), Japan

United Kingdom
St Agnes' Church, Freshwater, Isle of Wight, England
Church of St Agnes and St Pancras, Toxteth Park, Liverpool, England
St Anne and St Agnes, City of London, England
St Agnes' Church, Burmantofts, Leeds, England
St Agnes' Church, St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, UK

United States
(by state)
Several in the U.S. are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
St. Agnes Catholic Church (Mena, Arkansas), NRHP-listed
St. Agnes Church (Greenwich, Connecticut)
Julia A. Purnell Museum, formerly St. Agnes Catholic Church, Snow Hill, Maryland
St. Agnes Catholic Church (Detroit, Michigan)
Church of St. Agnes (Saint Paul, Minnesota), NRHP-listed
St. Agnes Church (New York City)
Saint Agnes Episcopal Church, Franklin, North Carolina
St. Agnes Catholic Church (Vermillion, South Dakota), NRHP-listed
St. Agnes Church (Utica, South Dakota), NRHP-listed
Church of the Ascension and St Agnes (Washington D.C.)
St. Agnes Church (Green Bay, Wisconsin)

See also
Saint Agnes (disambiguation)
St. Agnes Cathedral (disambiguation)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
ProtozoaNews
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Lionel Messi ready to Quit Barcelona in 2021…
WWE Wrestlemania 36 Match Results Predictions
Top 5 Contenders for Ballon d'Or 2020
Wrestlemania divided into two-night events….
Top 5 Highest paid Wrestlers In The WWE Universe
Wrestlemania 36 on the verge of cancellation?
Home Tech News Mobile iPhone 12 4G to be launched with $549 starting price
iPhone 12 4G to be launched with $549 starting price
Credit: @apple_lab
iPhone 12 4G to be launched with $549 Starting Price:
While we all are waiting for the official arrival of the iPhones in 2020, we are getting more specifications of these devices. Many people have a thinking that the iPhones are over priced, which is true too. Lately, when iPhone 11 was launched it was out of the market because of it's pricing. Then apple applied some price cuts to attract the costumers and sell their device. Then the company launched iPhone SE (2020) which is quite cheaper than other iPhones. Apple has been focusing in the lower priced iPhones this year, so that it could reach more peoples. Now, there are rumours that Apple is going to release iPhone 12 4G version in next year in the month of March.
We also remember that there were some rumours that the iPhone 12 series will include a cheaper 4G iPhone. According to the newly posted tweet from @apple_lab (twitter), the 4G version of the iPhone 12 will be named as iPhone 12e. But it does not look like this is the official name, it might be a name for convenience.
Source: @apple_lab
Looking at the reports, this device will have a 5.4- inch and 6.1- inch LCD display panel. Both of these device will support the 4G LTE network, A14 Bionic Chip, 4GB of RAM, and a 12MP dual camera. Regarding the price, the 5.4 inched iPhone costs $549 and 6.1 inched iPhone priced at $649. The starting price $549 appears to be a decent deal incomparision of the last year's iPhone 11 whose starting price was $699. This implies the iPhone 12 4G is about $150 less expensive than its forerunner.
Sadly, we can not confirm the guarantee of this report. Beside this, there is no affirmation of past leaks from this source that proved to be true. In this manner, it is ideal to think about this data while taking other factors into consideration. It's just intriguing to see that Apple is putting forth a few attempts to bring down the cost of the iPhone. This has been the desire of many iPhone smartphone user throughout the years.
An ongoing report asserts that the iPhone 12 presently being sealed by Pegatron's industrial facility and it is accessible in 5G and 4G versions. It is reported for that the staff of some gear producers in the processing plant uncovered: "Pegatron has three iPhone 12 models in sealing, and each model is accessible in 4G and 5G versions". Some accept that the speed of 5G advancement in nations around the globe isn't steady, and there is as yet a generally enormous market space for 4G. If there is a critical value distinction between the 4G form and the 5G variant of the iPhone 12 arrangement, it would be a progressively alluring decision for consumers.
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State Officials Set Up Quarantine Zone in El Cajon
By Ed Joyce / Reporter, KPBS Public Broadcasting
Published December 3, 2008 at 7:35 AM PST
The discovery of Mediterranean fruit flies have prompted agriculture officials to put a 107-square-mile quarantine zone around El Cajon. The California Department of Food and Agriculture says keeping
The discovery of Mediterranean fruit flies have prompted agriculture officials to put a 107-square-mile quarantine zone around El Cajon. The California Department of Food and Agriculture says keeping fruit and vegetables contained within the zone is critical to preventing the spread of the pest. KPBS Environmental Reporter Ed Joyce has details.
The Medfly is one of many bugs that can destroy fruits and vegetables - and cripple California's agriculture industry.
State officials say a permanent infestation would result in annual losses reaching $1.8 billion.
Steve Lyle with the department of food and agriculture says the Medfly is the latest pest to threaten state crops.
Lyle: With the ease of international travel and international shipping comes an increased risk of introduction of invasive species. It is a busy year in San Diego County and again it's indicative of the challenge that our department faces every day trying to protect the environment and the food supply from invasive species.
Eric Larson is the Executive Director of the San Diego County Farm Bureau.
He says the Medfly can damage more than 260 types of fruits and vegetables.
Larson: It lays its eggs in the ripening fruit. Then the eggs hatch and the larvae of the bug consume the interior of the fruit. And so it's completely unmarketable - it absolutely destroys the fruit. So you just can't let it spread because if it gets out there into the larger ag community you'll have growers that can't take their fruit to market.
Larson says there's one avocado grower in the quarantine area taking steps to prevent an infestation.
He says the grower is using bait to prove there are no Medflies.
To contain the infestation, state officials say people moving through the quarantine zone should not remove fruits and vegetables from the area.
Residents are also urged to dispose of excess fruits and vegetables by double-bagging them and placing the bags in the garbage.
Ed Joyce, KPBS News.
Ed Joyce
Ed Joyce was the environment reporter and afternoon news anchor for KPBS-FM. Before joining KPBS, he worked as an editor/columnist with Copley News Service in San Diego. Ed has an extensive background in newspaper, radio, web and TV journalism. After graduating with a B.A. in Communications from the University of Washington in Seattle, Ed began a career in broadcast journalism. His work has included stints in public broadcasting, commercial broadcasting and education -- working as an affiliate professor of communication and reporter at the University of Idaho and Washington State University in Pullman, Wash. During the past 20 years he has worked in radio, TV and print as a news reporter, anchor, writer, editor and producer. Along the way he has won numerous awards for general news reporting, newswriting, feature and issue reporting and breaking news reporting from The Associated Press, The Society of Professional Journalists, San Diego Press Club and other organizations. During the mid-1990s, while working for Oregon Public Broadcasting, he was a frequent contributor to National Public Radio, including a feature report on the memorial service for 14 U.S. Forest Service "hotshots" who died fighting a wildfire in Colorado (the crew was based in a central Oregon town). He's also filed reports with Marketplace, KQED's California Report and Climate Watch and with national and regional networks throughout the United States. At KPBS, Ed continues his contributions to National Public Radio and other national and regional news organizations. He has won awards from the Society of Professional Journalists and San Diego Press Club for his environmental reporting at KPBS-FM-TV and for producing and anchoring radio newscasts. In 2007 he was selected a National Press Foundation fellow for Understanding Violent Weather II program. The seminars were held at the National Weather Center in Norman, Okla. In 2008 he spoke at a UC San Diego conference on U.S. National Security as part of the school's Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation. Ed led a discussion with the 18 foreign government officials and academics about the political debate over climate change. In 2010, Ed was elected to a three-year term on the board of the San Diego Press Club.
See stories by Ed Joyce


text:
Creating Anchor Points for Connectors in PowerPoint 2010 for Windows
Learn how to create Anchor Points for connectors in PowerPoint 2010 for Windows.
Product/Version: PowerPoint 2010 for Windows
OS: Windows XP and higher
Date Created: February 29, 2012
While PowerPoint lets you attach a connector to any slide object, these connectors can only be attached to wherever you see an anchor point on the slide object. Figure 1 below shows anchor points for the triangle shape. Notice that the anchor points are small, red squares. Most of the time, the location of these anchor points may work well for you. However, in certain scenarios, you may want additional anchor points at a particular location.
Figure 1: Red anchor points indicate where connectors can be attached
The good news is that you can add new anchor points for shapes and text boxes using the technique explained on this page. For text placeholders though, you cannot add new anchor points. If you need more anchor points for pictures, it is suggested that you use any shape as a container for a picture fill, and add anchor points as required for the container shape. We have now established that you can add new anchor points for shapes (and text boxes) so that your connectors can be linked to exactly where you want them to be! Follow these steps to explore more:
Insert two shapes on a new slide. For example, we placed two shapes: a triangle and a circle. We then linked them with a connector, as shown in Figure 2 below.
Figure 2: Connector connecting a circle and a triangle
Notice that the connector attaches to an anchor point on the left edge of the triangle (refer to Figure 2, above). However, we want to attach the connector's right end to a lower position on the triangle—but not as low as its base. We tried to do that and ended up with something you can see in Figure 3, below. Notice that the triangle end of the connector is no longer anchored—rather it is a "disconnected" connector, as indicated by the white circle.
Figure 3: Connector disconnected from the triangle
Note: If your connector gets linked to a slide object, the end of the connector line displays a red circle (see the example on the left in Figure 3). If it does not get linked, you will see a white circle (see example on the right in Figure 3). It is important to understand that mere "touching" of a connector's end to a shape or slide object does not indicate that it has been linked to that shape or slide object. When you see a red circle on both of connector's ends, only then you can be assured that the ends are connected.
To alter this, we need to add a new anchor point on the triangle at the exact position where we want to link the connector. To do this task, select the triangle. Then, carefully right-click the triangle and choose the Edit Points option in the resultant contextual menu, as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Edit Points option selected
Tip: Want to learn more about Editing Points for shapes? Refer to our Edit Points for Shapes in PowerPoint 2010 for Windows tutorial.
Notice that the triangle shows three points (vertexes) on its corners, as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5: Triangle showing three vertexes on its corners
To add a new point, carefully hover your cursor over the outline of the triangle at the position you want. Notice that the cursor changes to a combo square-crosshair at this point of time, as shown in Figure 6 (highlighted in red).
Figure 6: Cursor changed to a combo square-crosshair
Carefully right-click at the same position. From the resultant contextual menu, choose the Add Point option, as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7: Add Point option selected
This adds a new point on the triangle's outline as visible in Figure 8.
Figure 8: New point added to the outline of the triangle
Once the new point is added to the triangle at the required position, select the connector connecting the circle. Then, click on the right-edge of the connector (white circle) and pull it close to the position on the triangle where you added the new point. Notice that now this new point also functions as an anchor point for the connector, as shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9: New point (vertex) added to the triangle functions as an anchor point
Note: After you add a new point (vertex) to the triangle in Edit Points mode, you will end up with only vertex points being anchor points. All non-vertex points will no longer show as anchor points. Compare triangles in Figure 9 and Figure 1. In Figure 9, only vertex points show as anchor points but in Figure 1, there are several other anchor points as well.
Pull the connector to the new anchor point to link it to the triangle. Notice how the right-end of the connector in Figure 10 now shows a red circle, indicating that this is now a linked connector. Compare Figures 3 and 10.
Figure 10: Connector connected to the new anchor point
Save your presentation often.
Creating Anchor Points for Connectors in PowerPoint 2011 for Mac
Star Wars Style Credits Animation
The Star Wars Style Credits Animation presentation includes a sample slide in which the credits animate in the Star Wars style. You can download this presentation and change the text in the animated text boxes as required.
Download Star Wars Style Credits Animation Slides


text:
Apple device IDs leaked by AntiSec came from publishing app company Blue Toad's stolen database
by Matthew Panzarino — in Apple
The data stolen from a computer somewhere and released by Anonymous AntiSec last week came from publishing company Blue Toad, reports NBC News. Blue Toad CEO Paul DeHart contacted NBC to tell them that it had compared the data to the records on its own servers and that they had a "100 percent confidence level" that it was theirs.
The company had been contacted by an outside researcher named David Schuetz with an alert that it could have come from their devices. They then investigated further and found that there was a 98% correlation between the released data and their own:
"That's 100 percent confidence level, it's our data," DeHart said. "As soon as we found out we were involved and victimized, we approached the appropriate law enforcement officials, and we began to take steps to come forward, clear the record and take responsibility for this."
Apple's Trudy Muller issued a statement to NBC about the Blue Toad revelation:
As an app developer, BlueToad would have access to a user's device information such as UDID, device name and type. Developers do not have access to users' account information, passwords or credit card information, unless a user specifically elects to provide that information to the developer.
Blue Toad is a company that offers several channels that allow publishers to digitally distribute magazines, books and more to various platforms, including apps on the App Store.
The AntiSec group had claimed responsibility for hacking an FBI computer and discovering the UDIDs last week:
During the second week of March 2012, a Dell Vostro notebook, used by Supervisor Special Agent Christopher K. Stangl from FBI Regional Cyber Action Team and New York FBI Office Evidence Response Team was breached
files were downloaded from his Desktop folder one of them with the name of "NCFTA_iOS_devices_intel.csv" turned to be a list of 12,367,232 Apple iOS devices including Unique Device Identifiers (UDID), user names, name of device, type of device, Apple Push Notification Service tokens, zipcodes, cellphone numbers, addresses, etc. the personal details fields referring to people
The FBI later issued a statement saying that the files did not come from it and that there was 'no evidence' that the data had ever even been on one of its computers. Apple followed up by stating that it did not provide the FBI with the data and that it is banning the use of UDIDs in iOS 6 anyway.
Note that the NBC article says things about what you can do with UDIDs that are either not very true or not likely like this: "It could also be used to "push" potentially dangerous applications onto users' Apple gadgets."
The fact of the matter is that you can do very little with a UDID alone, and even with some bits of user information, it's not likely to cause a lot of distress. We've built a UDID checker that you can use to see if your device ID was part of this leak (though AntiSec claims to have millions more) but there's also not a lot you can do about it.
As of now, UDIDs are permanent identifiers that are attached to devices and cannot be reset outside of replacing the device.
Read next: Instagram is reportedly coming to Windows Phone later this year
MyDashWallet was compromised for 2 MONTHS — users, move your cryptocurrency
David Canellis
PRIME CHEAP: The Bose SoundLink Color II Bluetooth speaker is only $89 (not $130!)
Callum Booth
The marijuana industry needs innovation to thrive
Larry Alton


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var gulp         = require('gulp');
var config       = require('../config/server');

gulp.task('server', function () {
    return gulp.src(config.src)
        .pipe(gulp.dest(config.dest));
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I love it when you hear a song for the first time and you instantly know you'll still think about it in ten years.
A-Trak Flips Porter Robinson and Madeon's 'Shelter' In Ridiculous Live DJ Routine EDM Sauce'Shelter' was easily one of the biggest release of 2016. The collaborative project between Porter Robinson and Madeon which gave life to a tour of the.
Thinking of you ! Hope you have a lovely day.
Every time I run into fans in my daily life they're always super cool, kind, insightful people. I'm thrilled, i'm a fan of you all.
.@WeAreOliver that new album sounds AMAZING and everybody should check it out. Been playing your music since my very first dj set.
Interstella 5555 is so good wow. I wonder when was the last time the members of Daft Punk watched it in full ? I hope it was recently.
On my way to Moonrise!!! It's happening !
I'm so impressed and grateful for everybody that believed in it and got involved after the song was done (video, tour, marketing etc).
There wasn't an army of writers and label people. We just sat down and made a song we cared about. And it was listened to 100m times. Dope.
I'm in LA and all I want to do is go to the Magic Castle and geek out about card magic!!
Thanks for the birthday wishes !!! I'm amazed by all this love !! I've been quiet because i'm immersing myself making this new music.
It's not really like Adventure, and I care about and believe in it more than anything i've done. "New Madeon" is my favorite thing to do !
Skrillex, Porter Robinson, DJ Snake And Madeon Party For Justice EDMTunesSkrillex, Porter Robinson, DJ Snake and Madeon were all seen at the front railing for Justice's weekend one Coachella set at the Outdoor Stage.
"Porter and Madeon" is trending craaaaaaaazy!
ADVENTURE came out two years ago today !! Thank you for all your messages about it.
What a cool experience to create for people!! Immersive art is so powerful and magical.
For the past few days, almost every waking minute i've had was spent playing Zelda. I just remembered reality existed and it was a shock !
Had one of those magical moments listening to demos of my new music, watching the urban scenery, thinking about the future. I live for that!
I looove sonic ! But i'm not making music for Sonic. Thank you !


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The book and short story articles contain only brief summaries, but many character articles go into very spoilery details. Browse carefully if you want to discover things for yourself as you read!
Unfettered III cover art by Todd Lockwood.
Countdown to Second Chances: -30 days.
A new illustrated hardcover edition of Assassin's Apprentice is set to be published by DelRey books in October 2019.
Latest features and other major updates on the wiki. You can also report any problems you encounter.
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text:
Q: $n \cdot \arctan(\frac 1n)$ divergent or convergent I tried to determine if $n\cdot \arctan (\frac 1n)$ is divergent or convergent.
My solution is in the two pictures. I really have no clue as how to solve it, so I tried something, but it cannot be right. At least that's what I think.
I am sorry in advance for my bad maths.
Appreciate all help :)

A: $$n\arctan\left(\dfrac1n\right) = \dfrac{\arctan\left(\dfrac1n\right)}{\dfrac1n} = \dfrac{\arctan\left(t\right)}{t} =\dfrac{\arctan\left(t\right) - \arctan 0}{t-0} $$
if $t:=1/n$.
This last expression tends to $\arctan'(0)=\dfrac1{1+0^2}=1$.
Thus, the series $\displaystyle \sum n\arctan\left(\dfrac1n\right)$ is divergent since its general term doesn't tend to 0.

A: If we speak about the sequence
$$a_n=n \tan ^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)$$  let $x=\frac{1}{n}$ and consider
$$y=\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left({x}\right)}x$$ and use Taylor series of $\tan ^{-1}\left({x}\right)$ close to $x=0$. Then
$$y=\frac 1x \left(x-\frac{x^3}{3}+O\left(x^5\right) \right)=1-\frac{x^2}{3}+O\left(x^4\right)$$ So, back to $n$,
$$a_n=1-\frac{1}{3 n^2}+O\left(\frac{1}{n^4}\right)$$

A: From
$$1-x^2\le\frac1{1+x^2}\le1$$ you draw, by integration from $0$
$$x-\frac{x^3}3\le\arctan x\le x$$ and for $x>0$
$$1-\frac{x^2}3<\frac{\arctan x}x<1.$$

A: The $n$th term doesn't go to zero, so the series diverges.


text:
Federal Appeals Court Upholds Stay On Trump's Immigration Order
By Ron Elving,
Carrie Johnson
A federal appeals court has denied the federal government's request to put its executive order on immigration back in effect. President Trump's executive order called for a temporary ban on travelers from seven majority Muslim countries and a ban on all refugees worldwide. After a lawsuit brought by the state of Washington, a federal judge in Seattle last week issued a temporary restraining order that put the policy on hold. The federal government looked to the appeals court, hoping for a stay, and that request has been denied. In other words, the executive order is still not in effect.
With me now is NPR justice correspondent Carrie Johnson and also NPR political editor Ron Elving. Good to have you both here.
RON ELVING, BYLINE: Good to be with you, Robert.
CARRIE JOHNSON, BYLINE: Thanks.
SIEGEL: And Carrie, first tell us what these three judges from the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals said.
JOHNSON: So Robert, this was a narrow question based on very limited evidence, and the main question here was, who was suffering the most harm? Was it the Trump Justice Department in the Trump White House, which had asserted the president had virtually unchecked authority at the border on issues of immigration and determinations of national security? Or was it the states of Washington and Minnesota, who argued that their citizens, the people who were attending their public universities and even the state's tax base were suffering irreparable harm because of these travel limits that President Trump had imposed kind of out of the blue just a few weeks ago?
This three-judge panel unanimously found that it was not clear that the Trump Justice Department would win either on the substance or that it was suffering real harm here. On the other hand, people in these two states were suffering real hardships, and so they have refused to lift that temporary restraining order. And President Trump's policy is halted for now.
SIEGEL: Do we know what for now means in this case, for how long?
JOHNSON: Well, you know, there's a briefing schedule moving forward in the lower court before this judge in Seattle. And right now the Justice Department tells us that it's determining next steps. It's possible they could ask the full 9th Circuit Court of Appeals to hear this case in the next couple of weeks. We don't know right now what they're going to decide.
SIEGEL: OK. Earlier, we spoke with Washington State Attorney General Bob Ferguson, and here's what he had to say about his reaction to this ruling and what's next.
BOB FERGUSON: The ball is really in the federal government's court to some degree to see if they wish to seek review by the U.S. Supreme Court. That said, you know, from day one, Robert, when I filed this complaint, I said I felt confident that we'd prevail throughout this judicial process, and I remain confident for the simple reason that no one in our country is above the law. And that includes the president of the United States.
SIEGEL: We've reached out to the White House for an interview or comment. We haven't heard back from them. We do have a response from President Trump on Twitter. He says in all caps, see you in court; the security of our nation is at stake. Ron...
ELVING: The president clearly feels that what he has done is within his purview as the chief executive to protect the nation and specifically to protect the nation from people coming in from outside. This has been a big focus of his campaign since he began his campaign for the presidency in 2015.
He has talked not only about a wall with Mexico but particularly about the dangerous countries of the Middle East. And this is the form that it all took when he actually got into the Oval Office and can sign an executive order. This was the form that his first blow against what he sees as this mortal danger took.
SIEGEL: And in court hearings, he's 0 for 2 on this one.
ELVING: Yes, he lost at the district court level in Seattle. That's been appealed to San Francisco. They have 14 days to appeal it to the entire circuit court for the 9th Circuit that sits in San Francisco. Or they could short circuit the process and try to come directly to the Supreme Court knowing that the court is currently split 4-4 and they don't really know what kind of ruling they would get from any of the eight.
SIEGEL: Carrie, you mentioned the possibility of calling for the entire 9th Circuit Court of Appeals to hear this. Would - what would be the fastest way to dispose of this matter? If you really wanted to get this ban in effect right away and you thought you could win, what would you do?
JOHNSON: Robert, if you're the White House, you might just want to go back to square one and rewrite this entire executive order, rescind the order that was done apparently without much consultation to senior officials in the State Department, the Department of Homeland Security, even to some extent the Justice Department and came as a real shock to travelers.
This court tonight found it did violate the due process rights of many of those travelers. You just might want to start back from square one, take this matter out of the courts and rewrite this order in a way that makes more sense for folks, gives people notice and takes into account their rights to due process and, you know...
SIEGEL: Yeah.
JOHNSON: ...Movement.
SIEGEL: But Ron Elving, I mean the idea of notice is something that Donald Trump ran against in a couple of different ways. That is, he faulted the Obama administration for saying when they were going to attack an ISIS-held city in Iraq. If you gave notice that you're going to be blocked at the airport, gave them three days' notice, in those three days, all kinds of bad guys would come into the country, he argued.
ELVING: We are much too predictable, Donald Trump said many, many times with respect to many different aspects of the way the federal government has done business both in terms of national security, in terms of trade policy, that we tip our hand, that we tell people what we're going to do, that we're all about process; we're all too nice about the entire process and that as a result, we get taken advantage of by other countries and by terrorists.
SIEGEL: These are all Trump themes from the...
ELVING: That is correct.
SIEGEL: ...From his campaign.
ELVING: I'm speaking here in the all-cap tones of Donald Trump the candidate. And Donald Trump the president is still behaving very much like Donald Trump the candidate much to the delight of his supporters, and now he's running into some of the complications of the complex realities that he has proposed these appealingly simple solutions to.
SIEGEL: But I'm wondering - and to turn back to you, Carrie Johnson, having read this ruling that runs well over 20 pages, do you read in that allusions to aspects of the policy which could have been worked out better? I mean do you see hints as to how you might correct this thing for it to fare better?
JOHNSON: Yeah, there are a couple of things. One is that initially the executive order was interpreted to apply to green card holders or legal permanent residents. Over time, the administration changed its position on that. Of course green card holders, legal permanent residents do have constitutional rights in the United States, and those rights were not being honored at the border and in airports across the country. That became a real problem for members of Congress from both sides of the aisle who jumped on the back of the White House in the chaos that followed after this order was implemented. So that's one thing that you could fix.
Another is giving people more notice of their due process rights. I know the president doesn't like notice, and he also doesn't like a lot of oversight. But this court tonight unanimously ruled that courts do defer to the White House on national security and immigration, but they're not powerless. And the president is getting that message tonight from this bench.
SIEGEL: NPR's Carrie Johnson and Ron Elving, thanks to both of you for helping us understand this decision by the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals today which keeps the ban on the Trump immigration order in place. Thanks.
JOHNSON: Thank you. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
Ron Elving
Ron Elving is Senior Editor and Correspondent on the Washington Desk for NPR News, where he is frequently heard as a news analyst and writes regularly for NPR.org.
See stories by Ron Elving
Carrie Johnson is a justice correspondent for the Washington Desk.
See stories by Carrie Johnson