text:
\section{Introduction}
Molecular nanomagnets, composed of a finite number of interacting spins (spin cluster) magnetically decoupled from their environment, in recent decades have attracted considerable attention~\cite{kahn93,atta06,furr13}. They can be found in many real materials but nowadays they can also be artificially designed in a highly controlled manner~\cite{shen02,loun07,pede14}. In spite of their simplicity, such zero-dimensional magnetic structures are still of theoretical interest as they can provide an excellent opportunity to examine fundamental magnetic interactions, in case of small clusters, as well as possibilities to explore novel many-body quantum states and quantum phenomena, in case of larger clusters. From the practical point of view, they can find applications in data storage, quantum computing and molecule-based spintronics devices~\cite{leue01,boga08}. It has also been demonstrated that molecular nanomagnets can potentially show a very large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) at low temperatures (for an overview, see, e.g.,~\cite{evan06}) and are thus attractive materials for a magnetic cooling technology.\\
\hspace*{5mm} Even larger MCE can be achieved by the presence of degenerate or low-lying spin states that can be induced, for example, by frustration. It has been theoretically concluded that the field-dependent efficiency of a geometrically frustrated magnet can exceed that of an ideal paramagnet with equivalent spin by more than an order of magnitude~\cite{zhit1,schn07} and experimentally supported by the results obtained for the geometrically frustrated ${\rm Fe}_{14}$~\cite{evan05,shaw07} and ${\rm Ga}_{7}$~\cite{sharp14} molecular nanomagnets. Besides the enhanced MCE, an effect of frustration has been demonstrated to lead to a variety of other unusual magnetic properties, such as non-collinear ground states, magnetization plateaus and magnetization jumps~\cite{schn06,schn10}. Some of these properties have been studied on small antiferromagnetic Ising spin clusters~\cite{viit97} or more complex nanoparticles~\cite{zaim09,wei12,wei13,wei14,kant13}, focusing on the magnetization process. More recently investigations have been extended also to geometrically frustrated antiferromagnetic Ising spin clusters of different shapes and sizes on a triangular lattice~\cite{milla1,zuko14,zuko15} as well as to the clusters of the shapes of regular polyhedra (Platonic solids)~\cite{stre15,karl16}, focusing on both the magnetization and the adiabatic demagnetization processes. In both frustrated systems it was shown that the magnetization process (number and height of the magnetization plateaus) as well as the adiabatic demagnetization process (magnetocaloric properties) strongly depend on the cluster geometry. Several shapes displaying enhanced (giant) MCE were identified. We note that modern techniques enable syntheses of molecular magnets of various structures, thus providing opportunity for the selected systems showing giant MCE to be practically used in technological applications.\\
\hspace*{5mm} In the present study we focus on the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of two geometrically frustrated spin systems: antiferromagnetic Ising (IA) and ferromagnetic spin ice (SI) models, including the effect of both the nearest-neighbor (NN) and the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions, localized on a nanocluster of a `Star of David' shape (Fig.~\ref{fig:star_of_David}). The latter is the elementary cell of a kagom\'{e} lattice, which, based on the  residual entropy as a measure of frustration, is considered to be the most frustrated lattice with no long-range ordering at any temperature~\cite{will02}. We note that very recently a family of single-molecule magnets with the `Star of David' topology has been synthesized and their magnetocaloric properties have been investigated~\cite{alex16}. Our study shows that both IA and SI systems display favorable magnetocaloric properties. Nevertheless, particularly fast cooling rates to ultra low temperatures at small fields were observed in the former system, which makes it a good candidate for application as an efficient low-temperature refrigerator.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.4,clip]{star_of_David.eps}
\caption{`Star of David' nanocluster with NN (solid lines $J_1$) and NNN (dashed lines $J_2$) couplings. Local anisotropy axes in the direction of (a) $z$-axis for IA and (b) elementary triangle axes for SI models.}\label{fig:star_of_David}
\end{figure}

\section{Models}

\subsection{Ising antiferromagnet}
The NNN IA model on the `Star of David' nanocluster in an external magnetic field can be described by the Hamiltonian
\begin{equation}
\label{Hamiltonian1}
\mathcal H_{IA}=-J_1\sum_{\langle i,j \rangle}\sigma_{i}\sigma_{j} -J_2\sum_{\langle i,k \rangle}\sigma_{i}\sigma_{k} - h\sum_{i}\sigma_{i},
\end{equation}
where $\sigma_{i}=\pm 1/2$ are the Ising variables on the $i$th site, the summations $\langle i,j \rangle$ and $\langle i,k \rangle$ run over NN and NNN spin pairs, $J_1<0$ is an antiferromagnetic NN exchange interaction parameter, the NNN exchange interaction parameter is restricted to the range $-|J_1|<J_2<|J_1|$, and $h$ is the external magnetic field. The `Star of David' cluster consists of 6 corner-sharing triangles with $N=12$ Ising spins, arranged as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:star_of_David}. Each of the spins can be in spin-up or spin-down states totaling in $2^{12}$ possible configurations.
\subsection{Spin ice}
Also in the SI model the spins possess the Ising anisotropy, however, the Ising axes now run through the center of the triangular plaquettes (Fig.~\ref{fig:star_of_David}) and the interaction between the neighboring spins is ferromagnetic. The Hamiltonian of the corresponding NNN SI model reads
\begin{equation}
\label{Hamiltonian2a}
\mathcal H_{SI}=-J_1\sum_{\langle i,j \rangle}{\bf s}_{i}{\bf s}_{j} -J_2\sum_{\langle i,k \rangle}{\bf s}_{i}{\bf s}_{k} - h\sum_{i}{\bf e}_h{\bf s}_{i},
\end{equation}
where $J_1>0$, $-J_1<J_2<J_1$, and ${\bf e}_h$ is a unit vector along the field direction. The spin ice variables can be related to the Ising variables by the relation ${\bf s}_{i}=\sigma_i{\bf e}_i$, with ${\bf e}_i$ being a unit vector along the easy axis, which for the SI model is the line connecting the centers of triangles.

\section{Exact enumeration}
Taking advantage of the possibility to explore the entire state space of the system consisting of a relatively small number of spins, one can exactly determine the density of states and consequently calculate all the thermodynamic quantities of interest. \\
\hspace*{5mm} Ground states (GS) in either system are found for different field values as the configurations that minimize the energy functionals~(\ref{Hamiltonian1}) and~(\ref{Hamiltonian2a}). Then, we count the number of GS configurations $W$ (degeneracy) and evaluate the corresponding magnetizations $M_j=\sum_{i=1}^{N}{\sigma_{i}{\bf e}_i{\bf e}_h}$, $j=1,\ldots,W$, where ${\bf e}_i{\bf e}_h=1$ for the IA model, as functions of the external field. Finally, we calculate the reduced magnetization $m=\sum_{j=1}^{W}{M_j}/(WN)$ and the entropy density $s=\ln W/N$ (here and hereafter, we put the Boltzmann constant $k_B=1$).\\
\hspace*{5mm} Having obtained the exact density of states $g(E_1,E_2,M)$, as a function of the total exchange energies $E_1=-J_1\sum_{\langle i,j \rangle}\sigma_{i}\sigma_{j}{\bf e}_i{\bf e}_j$ and $E_2=-J_2\sum_{\langle i,k \rangle}\sigma_{i}\sigma_{k}{\bf e}_i{\bf e}_k$, where the summations $\langle i,j \rangle$ and $\langle i,k \rangle$ run over NN and NNN on the considered cluster, respectively, and the total magnetization $M=\sum_{i=1}^{N}{\sigma_{i}{\bf e}_i{\bf e}_h}$, at finite temperatures one can calculate a mean value of an arbitrary thermodynamic quantity $A$, as a function the parameters $T$ and $h$, using the relation
\begin{equation}
\label{mean}
A(T,h)=\frac{\sum_{E_1,E_2,M}{Ag(E_1,E_2,M)e^{-\frac{(E_1+E_2-hM)}{T}}}}{Z(T,h)},
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\label{PF}
Z(T,h)=\sum_{E_1,E_2,M}{g(E_1,E_2,M)e^{-\frac{(E_1+E_2-hM)}{T}}}
\end{equation}
is the partition function. Then, the magnetization per spin can be obtained as
\begin{equation}
\label{magnetization}
m(T,h)=\langle M \rangle/N
\end{equation}
and the entropy density as
\begin{equation}
\label{entropy}
s(T,h)=\frac{E(T,h)-F(T,h)}{NT},
\end{equation}
where $E(T,h)=\langle E_1+E_2-hM \rangle$ is the enthalpy and $F(T,h)=-T\ln{Z(T,h)}$ is the free energy. Without loss of generality, in the following we can set $|J_1|=1$ and then consider the reduced variables $J_2/|J_1|=J_2$, $k_BT/|J_1|=T$ and $h/|J_1|=h$.

\section{Results}
\subsection{Ising antiferromagnet}

\subsubsection{Ground state}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.35,clip]{IA_pd_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_GS_IA}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.35,clip]{IA_pd_ent.eps}\label{fig:s_GS_IA}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.35,clip]{mag_ent.eps}\label{fig:m_s_GS_IA}}
\caption{Ground state (a) normalized magnetization $m/m_s$ and (b) entropy density $s$ of the IA model in the $(h,J_2)$ parameter plane. Values shown in larger font (smaller font with arrows) correspond to the interior (boundaries) of the respective phases. (c) Magnetization and entropy processes, for $J_2=-0.2$.}\label{fig:GS_IA}
\end{figure}

The GS values of the magnetization, normalized with respect to the saturation value $m_{s}=1/2$, and the entropy density $s$ are depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:GS_IA} in the parameter plane $(h,J_2)=[0,h_{max}]\times[-1,1]$. In zero field, the magnetization (Fig.~\ref{fig:m_GS_IA}) is always vanishing. Depending on $J_2$, between the zero-field value $m/m_{s}=0$ and the saturation-field value $m/m_{s}=1$ the magnetization process can include up to three plateaus. Namely, for $J_2>0$ there is only one plateau of the height $1/2$ within $0<h<2$; for $J_2<-1/3$ there are two plateaus of the heights $1/3$ within $0<h<-J_2+1$ and $2/3$ within $-J_2+1<h<-J_2+2$; and for $-1/3<J_2<0$ there are three plateaus of the heights $1/3$ within $0<h<-4J_2$, $1/2$ within $-4J_2<h<2J_2+2$ and $2/3$ within $2J_2+2<h<-J_2+2$. The magnetization jumps occur at critical fields at which the Zeeman contribution in the Hamiltonian (\ref{Hamiltonian1}), corresponding to the portion of the spins with the weakest coupling, overcomes their exchange energy. \\
\hspace*{5mm} The GS degeneracies $W$ in the $(h,J_2)$ parameter plane are apparent from the entropy density values presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:s_GS_IA} in the form $\ln W/N$. In zero field, $W$ depends on $J_2$ as follows: $W(J_2=0)=730$, $W(J_2=-1)=186$, $W(-1<J_2<0)=150$, and $W(J_2>0)=6$. In a finite field, the degeneracies pertaining the the magnetization plateaus $m/m_{s}=1/3,1/2$ and $2/3$ are $W=3,2$ and $3$, respectively. It is interesting to notice that, in spite of the intuitive expectation that the increasing field should gradually decrease $W$, within $-1/3<J_2<0$ above the critical field $h_c=2J_2+2$ the degeneracy actually increases before being completely lifted at the saturation field $h_s=-J_2+2$. \\
\hspace*{5mm} Note that both the magnetization and entropy values at the respective critical fields differ from the values inside the plateaus, as shown in Fig~\ref{fig:GS_IA}. The entropy in locally increased due to contributions of degenerate states coming from two or even three neighboring plateaus and the values of $m/m_{s}$ correspond to degeneracy-weighted averages of the neighboring plateaus values. For illustration, the magnetization and entropy processes for $J_2=-0.2$, that include three intermediate plateaus, are presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:m_s_GS_IA}.

\subsubsection{Finite temperatures}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{IA_J2_0_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_FT_IA_J0}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{IA_J2_0_ent.eps}\label{fig:ds_FT_IA_J0}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{IA_J2_0_ade.eps}\label{fig:dt_FT_IA_J0}}\\
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{IA_J2_05_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_FT_IA_J05}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{IA_J2_05_ent.eps}\label{fig:ds_FT_IA_J05}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{IA_J2_05_ade.eps}\label{fig:dt_FT_IA_J05}}\\
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{IA_J2_-02_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_FT_IA_J-02}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{IA_J2_-02_ent.eps}\label{fig:ds_FT_IA_J-02}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{IA_J2_-02_ade.eps}\label{fig:dt_FT_IA_J-02}}\\
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{IA_J2_-1_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_FT_IA_J-1}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{IA_J2_-1_ent.eps}\label{fig:ds_FT_IA_J-1}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{IA_J2_-1_ade.eps}\label{fig:dt_FT_IA_J-1}}
\caption{Ising antiferromagnet: 3D plots of (a) the reduced magnetization $m/m_{s}$ and (b,c) the entropy density $s$ in the $(T,h)$ parameter plane. In (b) and (c) the black curves represent, respectively, isothermal entropy changes at different temperatures $T \in [0.05, 0.5]$, with the step $\Delta T=0.05$, and adiabatic temperature changes at various $s$ with a varying magnetic field $h$, for $J_2=0$. Panels (d-f), (g-i), and (j-l) show the same quantities as in (a-c), for $J_2=0.5$, $-0.2$, and $-1$, respectively. The bold curves in the right column represent isentropes corresponding to the GS entropies at the respective critical fields.}\label{fig:FT_IA}
\end{figure}

At finite temperatures, as expected, thermal fluctuations gradually smear out the sharp magnetizations steps observed at zero temperature, as demonstrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:FT_IA}, for $J_2=0, 0.5, -0.2$ and $-1$, respectively. More interesting are the magnetocaloric properties in the vicinity of the magnetization jumps, which are manifested by the isothermal entropy and adiabatic temperature changes. These can be respectively understood as the entropy and temperature responses to the magnetic field changes under isothermal and adiabatic conditions and, thus, can be represented by isotherms and insentropes on the entropy surface in the $(T,h)$ parameter plane. Fig.~\ref{fig:FT_IA} shows that dramatic changes of both quantities occur in the neighborhood of the critical fields, particularly for $J_2=0$ (Figs.~\ref{fig:ds_FT_IA_J0},~\ref{fig:dt_FT_IA_J0}), with the critical fields $h_1=0$ and $h_2=2$. In particular, the isotherms show drastic changes at low temperatures with very steep gradients for $T = 0$ as well as the isentropes close to the values corresponding to the residual entropies at the critical fields. The gradients of the latter tend to infinity for $s = \frac{\ln 730}{12}$, when $h$ approaches $h_1=0$ from above, and for $s = \frac{\ln 18}{12}$, when $h$ approaches $h_2=2$ from either side. Owing to the enhanced magnetocaloric properties observed in the vicinity of the magnetization jumps, the molecular nanomagnets that correspond to the present system can be potentially used in technological applications as magnetic refrigerants. For that purpose, particularly appealing is the extremely fast cooling to ultra low temperatures in the adiabatic demagnetization process with the vanishing magnetic field. Following the same line of considerations, one can arrive to the conclusion that generally the NNN interaction has an adverse effect on the magnetocaloric properties. As evidenced from Figs.~\ref{fig:ds_FT_IA_J05},~\ref{fig:dt_FT_IA_J05}, for $J_2=0.5$ and Figs.~\ref{fig:ds_FT_IA_J-02},~\ref{fig:dt_FT_IA_J-02}, for $J_2=-0.2$, the NNN coupling reduces the GS degeneracy and in the latter case also splits the intermediate magnetization plateau into three smaller steps and thus hampers the occurrence of changes in both quantities as dramatic as in the $J_2=0$ case. Nevertheless, the case of $J_2=-1$ is an exception showing the magnetocaloric properties similar to the case of $J_2=0$ (Figs.~\ref{fig:ds_FT_IA_J-1},~\ref{fig:dt_FT_IA_J-1}).

\subsection{Spin ice}

\subsubsection{Ground state}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.35,clip]{SI_vert_pd_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_GS_SI_y}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.35,clip]{SI_vert_pd_ent.eps}\label{fig:s_GS_SI_y}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.35,clip]{SI_hori_pd_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_GS_SI_x}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.35,clip]{SI_hori_pd_ent.eps}\label{fig:s_GS_SI_x}}
\caption{Ground state (a,c) normalized magnetization $m/m_s$ and (b,d) entropy density $s$ of the SI model in (a,b) $(h_y,J_2)$ and (c,d) $(h_x,J_2)$ parameter planes. Values shown in larger font (smaller font with arrows) correspond to the interior (boundaries) of the respective phases.}\label{fig:GS_SI}
\end{figure}

In zero field the spin ice Hamiltonian rewritten in terms of the Ising variables reduces to that for the IA model up the rescaled coupling constants differing by the factor of $-1/2$ and, therefore, no novel phenomena can be expected. However, in a finite field the behavior of the two models is not the same any more. In fact, it also depends on the applied field direction, even though the topology of the phase diagram does not change. This is evident from Fig.~\ref{fig:GS_SI}, for the fields $h_y$ and $h_x$ applied in the vertical (top row) and horizontal (bottom row) directions, respectively. In both cases, after application of the field the magnetizations either jump to the respective saturation values ($1/3$ for $h_y$ and $\sqrt{3}/6$ for $h_x$), if $J_2 \geq 0$, or show zero plateaus below the saturation field $h_s=-J_2$, if $J_2<0$. For $J_2<0$, the zero-field GS degeneracy $W=6$ remains the same in the zero magnetization plateau areas in both cases. However, in the case when the field is applied vertically it is completely lifted above the saturation field, while in the case when the field is applied horizontally it is even {\it increased} in the saturation phase. The resulting degeneracy in the latter case, $W=16=2^4$, corresponds to the number of possible states of the four `free' spins that can reverse their directions at no energy cost, as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:free_spins}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.3,clip]{SI_vert.eps}\label{fig:SI_vert}}\hspace*{10mm}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.3,clip]{SI_hori.eps}\label{fig:SI_hori}}
\caption{Saturation phase for the field applied (a) vertically and (b) horizontally. Double arrows represent the `free' spins.}\label{fig:free_spins}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{Finite temperatures}
Finite temperature magnetic and magnetocaloric properties, when the field is applied vertically, are presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:FT_SI_y}. In contrast to the IA model, for $J_2>0$ there is no intermediate magnetization plateau and the magnetization increases from zero straight to the saturation value as soon as the magnetic field is turned on. Such a behavior of the magnetization, along with the abrupt entropy decrease from the state with the highest degeneracy in zero field to the nondegenerate state in the saturation phase, translates to an enhanced magnetocaloric effect in the low-temperature adiabatic demagnetization process with the vanishing field. Similar to the IA model, the fastest adiabatic cooling rate at the vanishing field is achieved for the entropies close to the zero-field residual value $s = \frac{\ln 730}{12}$. As shown in the middle and bottom rows of Fig.~\ref{fig:FT_SI_y}, the NNN coupling, both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic, diminishes the magnetocaloric effect observed at $J_2 = 0$.\\
\hspace*{5mm} When the magnetic field is applied horizontally, the respective measured quantities show the behavior qualitatively similar to the case when the field is applied in the vertical direction (Fig.~\ref{fig:FT_SI_x}). A peculiar feature is the entropy increase with the increasing field $h_x$ at low-$T$ and a non-vanishing value in the saturation phase.
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_vert_J2_0_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_FT_SI_J0_hy}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_vert_J2_0_ent.eps}\label{fig:ds_FT_SI_J0_hy}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_vert_J2_0_ade.eps}\label{fig:dt_FT_SI_J0_hy}}\\
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_vert_J2_1_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_FT_SI_J1_hy}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_vert_J2_1_ent.eps}\label{fig:ds_FT_SI_J1_hy}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_vert_J2_1_ade.eps}\label{fig:dt_FT_SI_J1_hy}}\\
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_vert_J2_-05_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_FT_SI_J-05_hy}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_vert_J2_-05_ent.eps}\label{fig:ds_FT_SI_J-05_hy}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_vert_J2_-05_ade.eps}\label{fig:dt_FT_SI_J-05_hy}}
\caption{Spin ice: 3D plots of (a) the reduced magnetization $m/m_{s}$ and (b,c) the entropy density $s$ in the $(T,h)$ parameter plane. In (b) and (c) the black curves represent, respectively, isothermal entropy changes at different temperatures $T \in [0.05, 0.5]$, with the step $\Delta T=0.05$, and adiabatic temperature changes at various $s$ with a varying magnetic field $h_y$, for $J_2=0$. Panels (d-f) and (g-i) show the same quantities as in (a-c), for $J_2=1$ and $-0.5$, respectively.}\label{fig:FT_SI_y}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_hori_J2_0_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_FT_SI_J0_hx}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_hori_J2_0_ent.eps}\label{fig:ds_FT_SI_J0_hx}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_hori_J2_0_ade.eps}\label{fig:dt_FT_SI_J0_hx}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_hori_J2_1_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_FT_SI_J1_hx}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_hori_J2_1_ent.eps}\label{fig:ds_FT_SI_J1_hx}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_hori_J2_1_ade.eps}\label{fig:dt_FT_SI_J1_hx}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_hori_J2_-05_mag.eps}\label{fig:m_FT_SI_J-02_hx}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_hori_J2_-05_ent.eps}\label{fig:ds_FT_SI_J-02_hx}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.23,clip]{SI_hori_J2_-05_ade.eps}\label{fig:dt_FT_SI_J-02_hx}}
\caption{The same quantities as in Fig.~\ref{fig:FT_SI_y} for the magnetic field $h_x$, applied in the horizontal direction.}\label{fig:FT_SI_x}
\end{figure}

\section{Summary and conclusion}
We have studied by an exact enumeration magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of two zero-dimensional geometrically frustrated spin systems (nanoclusters): antiferromagnetic Ising (IA) and ferromagnetic spin ice (SI) models, with nearest-neighbor (NN) and the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions, having a `Star of David' topology. It was found that, depending on the NNN interaction sign and magnitude, the ground state magnetization of the IA model can display one, two or even three intermediate plateaus at fractional values of the saturation magnetization. On the other hand, in the SI model, there is a zero-magnetization (no) plateau for antiferromagnetic (ferromagnetic) NNN couplings, regardless of the applied field direction.\\
\hspace*{5mm} An enhanced magnetocaloric effect has been observed in the vicinity of the respective magnetization jumps. The most prominent one was observed in the adiabatic demagnetization process with the field going to zero in the IA system with $J_2=0$ and $-1$. As demonstrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:grad}, in the adiabatic conditions with the entropy corresponding to the respective zero-field GS degeneracies as the field vanishes the cooling rates go practically to infinity. Similar cooling (heating) rate was also observed for the field approaching the saturation value $h_s=2$ from above (below), in the case of $J_2=-1$ and to less extent also for $J_2=0$. On the other hand, the cooling rates observed in the SI model with $J_2=0$ and the fields applied horizontally and vertically (dashed curves in Fig.~\ref{fig:ising_0_zjemneny}) are comparable with each other but by many orders smaller than in the IA model. Furthermore, except the case of $J_2=J_1$ for the IA model, the presence of NNN interactions in both IA and SI models has an adverse effect on the low-field magnetocaloric properties due to the GS entropy reduction and/or formation of zero-magnetization plateau. \\
\hspace*{5mm} Therefore, we can conclude that the `Star of David' nanoclusters with the uniaxial Ising anisotropy and either purely NN or both NN and NNN antiferromagnetic interactions of equal strengths exhibit giant MCE and can be considered for application as efficient low-temperature refrigerants in the adiabatic demagnetization process.
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.4,clip]{IA_J2_0_grad.eps}\label{fig:ising_0_zjemneny}}
\subfigure{\includegraphics[scale=0.4,clip]{IA_J2_-1_grad.eps}\label{fig:ising_-1_zjemneny}}
\caption{Absolute values of the gradients of the adiabatic temperature changes at the GS entropy values corresponding to the critical fields, for the IA model with (a) $J_2=0$ and (b) $J_2=1$. In (a) the dashed curves correspond to the gradients obtained for the SI model with $J_2=0$ and the fields $h_x$ and $h_y$ tending to zero.}\label{fig:grad}
\end{figure}

\section*{Acknowledgments}
This work was supported by the grant of the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV-0132-11 and the Scientific Grant Agency of Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic (Grant No. 1/0331/15). The authors acknowledge the financial support by the ERDF EU (European Union European Regional Development Fund) grant provided under the contract No. ITMS26220120047 (activity 3.2.).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


13:8 Then the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 13:9 Thus saith the LORD, After this manner will I mar the pride of Judah, and the great pride of Jerusalem.
13:12 Therefore thou shalt speak unto them this word; Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Every bottle shall be filled with wine: and they shall say unto thee, Do we not certainly know that every bottle shall be filled with wine? 13:13 Then shalt thou say unto them, Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will fill all the inhabitants of this land, even the kings that sit upon David's throne, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, with drunkenness.
13:17 But if ye will not hear it, my soul shall weep in secret places for your pride; and mine eye shall weep sore, and run down with tears, because the LORD's flock is carried away captive.
13:20 Lift up your eyes, and behold them that come from the north: where is the flock that was given thee, thy beautiful flock? 13:21 What wilt thou say when he shall punish thee? for thou hast taught them to be captains, and as chief over thee: shall not sorrows take thee, as a woman in travail? 13:22 And if thou say in thine heart, Wherefore come these things upon me? For the greatness of thine iniquity are thy skirts discovered, and thy heels made bare.


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OUR WHITE HOUSE. Illustration © 2008 by James Ransome. Reproduced by permission of the publisher, Candlewick Press, Somerville, MA.
The Children's Book Council named James E. Ransome as one of seventy-five authors and illustrators everyone should know. Currently a member of the Society of Illustrators, Ransome has received both the Coretta Scott King Award for Illustration and the IBBY Honor Award for his book, The Creation. He has also received a Coretta Scott King Honor Award for Illustration for Uncle Jed's Barbershop which was selected as an ALA Notable Book and is currently being shown as a feature on Reading Rainbow. How Many Stars in the Sky? and Sweet Clara and the Freedom Quilt were also Reading Rainbow selections. PBS's Storytime featured his book, The Old Dog. Ransome has exhibited works in group and solo shows throughout the country and received The Simon Wiesenthal Museum of Tolerance award for his book, The Wagon. In 1999 Let My People Go received the NAACP Image Award for Illustration and Satchel Paige was reviewed in Bank Street College of Education's "The Best Children's Books of the Year." In 2001, James received the Rip Van Winkle Award from the School Library Media Specialists of Southeast New York for the body of his work. How Animals Saved the People received the SEBA (Southeastern Book Association) Best Book of the Year Award in 2002 and the Vermont Center for the Book chose Visiting Day as one of the top ten diversity books of 2002. In 2004 James was recognized by the local art association when he received the Dutchess County Executive Arts Award for an Individual Artist. He has completed several commissioned murals for the Children's Museum in Indianapolis, The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Hemphill Branch Library in Greensboro, NC. He created a historical painting commissioned by a jury for the Paterson, NJ Library and a poster for the 50th Anniversary Celebration of Brown vs the Board of Education. His traveling exhibit, Visual Stories, has been touring the United States since 2003. His work is part of both private and public children's book art collections.
Author and illustrator James Ransome recommends Back Home (Dial Books for Young Readers, 1992), written by Gloria Jean Pinkney and illustrated by Jerry Pinkey, as a Great Read for ages 3-8. Check out more Great Reads on thencbla.org.


There are so many things I love about this city. The history, the culture, the food, the fun and most of all the people. I have made some wonderful life long friends, fallen in and out of love, smiled, cheered, laughed and cried with some of the most fantastic people I have ever met. I love the busy streets of downtown, the quiet countryside of the suburbs and that within a short time I can be listening to the waves of the ocean.
So, why am I considering leaving? Because as much as I love this city, as much as I want to do for the community here, I am starting to feel that I can no longer make a difference.
That the community is capable of doing great things and making great strides in all sectors of the city, including the government.
There are others in this community who believe in the same ideals. Who truly believe that being a leader in this community must be a selfless endeavor. While we all have motivations that involve building our businesses and our personal and professional reputations, the overriding motivation as a leader must be the growth and progression of the community and its members. It can not be about only promoting and working for a clique. Unfortunately, in my opinion, there are too many leaders in this community who have not embraced these ideals. Too many individuals who are vocal about promoting these ideals, but whose overall actions are contradictory to their alleged aims. Those who are looked up to as leaders when they fail to lead by walking their talk. It saddens me deeply that the obstacles of ego, infighting, immaturity, and elitist behavior are standing in the way of the miraculous things we, as a unified community, can do in this city and this region. It also bothers me that the efforts of many good people, who put tremendous effort into trying to make good things happen in this city are overshadowed by the loud voices of a few who have repeatedly demonstrated that they are more likely to talk than to truly act. When the acknowledged (and vocal) leaders of the community work more to promote division than coordination and cooperation, we can not achieve the things we are possible of achieving. Because I am seeing an acceleration in these types of instances and a growth in the "us versus them" mentality, I am losing faith that any of my efforts are capable of making the differences that I and others are committed to. When the visible leaders of the community are not the ones working the hardest to improve the quality of the entire community and seem to be actively working on dividing the community for their own aims, the hardest efforts of those behind the scenes become more difficult.
So that is what I have done. I have worked hard to build my business, but in hindsight, nowhere near as hard as I have, and continue to, work for the good of this community. I have given a significantly disproportionate amount of time, energy and money into work, events and support of this community and its organizations when compared with the time I have spent on business development. I will be the first to admit that my motives while primarily altruistic were not 100% so. A lot of the things I have done have given me access and exposure to the people who were my target market and who could help me grow my business. But I always came back to the same over-riding principle – do the right things for the right reasons – and for me that meant using the time and resources at my disposal to do the best and most I could for the community. I would love to be saying that karma has paid me back and things are booming in my business, but that is not the reality. I am paying for having spent more time on the community than I have on building my business. The saddest part of all of this is that the very community that I have worked so hard to help is the community that is my target market. They are the ones who could have most benefited from my services. Instead, I chose to give away much of my time and energy. I made my choices based on a love for and a deep belief in this community. I will live with the fact they were not wise choices. Will live with the knowledge that had I been more selfish and worked a bit harder on directly building my business rather than putting so much time and energy into supporting and building the community, my business would be in a much different position than it is currently. I comfort myself knowing in my heart and soul I was living by my creedo – do the right things for the right reasons. I will never regret any of the actions I took and given the choice, would probably take them again because they were the right things to do. For now, I must live with knowing that making those choices have put me into a financially precarious position and that I may not be able to continue the efforts that mean so much to me. That is heartbreaking. Maybe it is the military upbringing, but for me having to chose between doing what is right for myself over what is right for the many (the community), I will always choose what is right for the many. So unless someone steps up and is willing to start subsidizing all of my community building efforts, I may have no choice but to step away. Unfortunately stepping away means giving up my business, leaving this city and community that I love so much.
Add both of the things I have talked about and some pretty tumultuous personal events and I am left with a very heavy heart. Left wondering if my time in Philly is due to come to an end. Wondering if it is time to say enough – that I have put myself in a position where I can no longer financially, physically and emotionally afford to make the difference I truly want to make. Wondering if the obstacles standing in the way of the progress of this community can be worn down sufficiently to allow this city to become the world class tech/creative/entrepreneurial hub that it should be. And wondering have I been wrong all along?
I am not a quitter. I believe in this community. I love this city. In my heart of hearts I do not want to leave. But all of these things certainly make me wonder if it is time. So, my dear readers, I ask you. Has it all been worth it? Is it achievable? Have my and others personal sacrifices been worth it? How can I continue to do what I know in my heart is right? More importantly, should I?


Fall First Look Fair and Spring StampFest are great opportunities to learn about the hundreds of student organizations on campus. Can't make it to one of those events? Check out OrgSync for descriptions and contact information for campus student organizations.
Services 24/7 is a virtual resource center that serves to provide residents of PG County a directory of human services in the Washington D.C. Metro area and to connect volunteers to local non-profits. This resource was developed by Leadership & Community Service-Learning, another great resource for students interested in, you guessed it, leadership and community service opportunities!
Research positions are abundant on campus but can be difficult to find. Start by connecting with the professors teaching your classes and using the Find an Expert tool for faculty in the School of Public Health. Our faculty specialize in a variety of topics from bioinformatics to human development, physical activity and patient-centered outcomes research!
Student Involvement opportunities at the Health Center and across campus can be very competitive but they offer students a chance to develop skills while under the guidance of supportive supervisors.
Student Employment while in school is a great way to gain relevant experience while making money. Here are some suggestions on where to look to find Federal Work Study, Graduate Assistantships and Part-Time opportunities.
Careers4Terps hosts the job and internship database for UMD students and alumni. Large organizations like the National Institutes of Health and small organizations like Sport and Spine Rehab post jobs, internships and fellowships specifically for UMD students. C4T also hosts many clinical shadowing opportunities!
Idealist is a useful website for finding internships and volunteer opportunities at nonprofits. While they do have opportunities across the nation, UMD is especially lucky to be so close to Washington, D.C., an epicenter for public health nonprofits.
UMD National Scholarships Office provides support to students interested in applying to competitive national scholarships and fellowships such as Fulbright for studying and teaching abroad, public policy, summer research and graduate study.
Fellowships are commonplace post-graduate and summer opportunities, however there is no comprehensive database of fellowships. Here are some examples of organizations with fellowships including ASPPH, APHL, CDC, and Global Health Corps.
First start by reviewing the Terp Guide, which is a career guide tailored for UMD students and alumni. In it you will find sample resumes and cover letters, actions verbs, interviewing tips and more. Follow this plan and you'll be sure to find a fulfilling opportunity.
A common question we get is "When should I start applying?". The answer is, it depends on the industry but from application submission to start date, the process takes approximately three - six months.
Traditional hiring for the business field, including consulting opportunities, typically occur in the fall even for students graduating in the spring. Deadlines for state & federal government, nonprofit and public policy are often in October through April.
Develop and maintain relationships with faculty and supervisors to use as professional references.
Formally ask references if they are willing to be your professional contact and provide them details about your job search and graduate applications. Sending them your resume and personal statement is often very helpful!
Note: remain cautious of fraudulent postings. Here are some tips on how to remain vigilant.
23% of SPH graduate found their current jobs through family & friends. While you likely won't be handed a job, building a network is a great way to find out about career opportunities.
Perfect your 30-second elevator pitch.
Connect with employers at networking nights, information sessions, Meetups and career fairs and panels. Visit our events calendar at careers.umd.edu/events-calendar to learn about opportunities.
Create and maintain a LinkedIn profile and reach out to UMD alumni, colleagues and peers.
Tell everyone you know that you are looking for a job or internship, you never know where that can lead!
Take a look at the Terp Guide for sample resumes and cover letters for UMD students.
Use action verbs to highlight your skills.
Federal resumes are unique, visit USAJobs for more information about what their requirements.
Tailor your resume to the job you are applying for. Use JobScan.co to match your resume to the job posting of interest.
Highlight your writing skills and knowledge of the field by submitting a well prepared writing sample.
Submit the writing sample online or bring it to the interview upon request.
Whether it's an internship, part-time job, graduate school application or volunteer opportunity, interviewing is an integral part of your career. Here are some examples of several types of interviews.
Research the organization before your interview, get to know where you might work.
Practice interviewing using InterviewStream or schedule a mock interview with alumni through Terrapins Connect.
Review common interview questions and use the STAR technique to answer them.
You're interviewing the organization as much as they are interviewing you, prepare some thoughtful questions to ask.
After the interview leave a thank you note or send a thank you email within 24 hours of your interview.
For more tips visit the Idealist interviewing article archives.
You now have an offer, prepare to negotiate your salary and benefits including health insurance, parking, vacation time, professional development etc.
Negotiating can be intimidating, write a script to calm your nerves.
To determine your salary range and target salary visit Glassdoor, Salary.com and NACE Salary Calculator.
Exploring Careers in Public Health page.
And lastly, attend local graduate school fairs like the Idealist Grad Fair or the Spring Health Professions Graduate Recruitment Fair.
All students interested in pre-health (Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing, Physician Assistant, Physical Therapy and more) should visit the Reed-Yorke Health Professions Advising Office website to learn more about applying to health professions school, the committee letter writing process for your application, and to register for Orientation. You will meet with them regularly throughout your academic career so start early!
Want some one-on-one assistance outside of the Health Professions Advising Office? Schedule an appointment with Brenton Andreasik, an SPH advisor dedicated to helping pre-health professions students.
When applying to graduate school always plan early. The spring and summer before your final academic year complete appropriate standardized tests, research schools and faculty you are interested in, work on your personal statement and connect with references. Review this 12-month timeline for tips.


Both songs this week are included in the Spotlight Pass.
The downloadable content for Rock Band 4 this week includes an instrumental track by progressive metal project Octavision and the debut single from rock band Starset.
Tracks can be bought individually and both songs this week are part of the Rock Band Rivals Season 8 Spotlight Pass.
Octavision is a prog metal project started by guitarist Hovak Alaverdyan. For the song "Three Lives", Hovak enlisted the talents of artists including Victor Wooten (five-time Grammy winning bassist) and keyboardist Steve Weingart, among others. Jazz infusions seep into the music, making for an extremely technical, very fun song in "Three Lives". The track itself is an instrumental that's nearly 10 minutes long, and it's a gauntlet for all instrument parts. Constant changes from tough section to tough section keep you at your best for the whole duration, with few slow parts offering respite. This is merely a taste of the upcoming album from Octavision, so check it out, learn it front-to-back, and get excited.
Rock Band 4 also gets Starset's debut single, "My Demons", this week. Starset formed in 2013, when Dustin Bates began to shape a backstory for the band. This lore shapes the band's music and other media, with both studio releases being concept albums telling part of an overarching story. "My Demons" proved a massive hit on Youtube, which the band used as a grassroots platform, and it reached the Top 5 of the Billboard US Mainstream Rock chart. Pretty good for a debut! Drums offer a challenging workout, with tons of fills sprinkled over the song, and constant kicks. Harmonies frequently have the backing lines echoing the main line, which makes for a great back-and-forth at parties.
The latest DLC trailer will give players a better understanding of the songs' pacing and structure.


TAMPA — The University of South Florida is activity blooming for admission — and that doesn't aloof beggarly the blush of its new robes.
USF grads walking the admission stages abutting weekend in Tampa, St. Petersburg and Bradenton will we cutting "GreenWeaver" caps and gowns, fabricated absolutely from recycled artificial bottles. At 23 bottles per cap and gown, that agency some 200,000 artificial bottles will be reused per bookish year.
"I anticipate that's absolutely a abundant choice," said Amanda Koenig, who majored in able-bodied training and airish for pictures with her graduation accouterments aftermost anniversary abreast the iconic balderdash sculptures at the university's Marshall Apprentice Center.
The about-face was a student-driven initiative.
Jean Cocco, approachable USF apprentice anatomy president, said acceptance approached the appointment of Admiral Judy Genshaft about a acceptable admission and Genshaft's agents took it to apprentice government, breadth it advance to the St. Petersburg and Sarasota-Manatee campuses.
USF acceptance overwhelmingly voted in 2011 to allegation themselves a Apprentice Blooming Activity Fee at charge time, and renewed it in 2014.
USF ranks seventh on the Sierra Club magazine's top 10 account of "Cool Schools," those that are environmentally conscious, and it is one of 22 campuses on Princeton Review's 2014 Blooming Appraisement account Roll.
USF has additionally accustomed a Gold appraisement from the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education.
Students will pay a little added for the eco-friendly apparel — $65 for undergraduates, compared to $46 aftermost year — but those interviewed aftermost anniversary said it's account it.
"It's acutely a little added big-ticket because we're not yet in the bazaar breadth this affectionate of actual is bargain abundant to accomplish (large-scale) yet, but it's durable, it's acceptable and it's a abiding advance in the ambiance for the abutting generation," Cocco said.
Mandy Johnson, a business above from Daytona Beach, abutting in the attitude aftermost anniversary of donning her new accessory for a photo in the bubbler with the Marshall Center bulls.
Manufacturer GreenWeaver said carbon dioxide emissions from accomplishment artificial into bolt are 55 percent beneath than back application abstinent polyester. Application thermal recycled activity during the accomplishment action cuts bottomward on petroleum use by 52 percent.
"I anticipate it's good. They've been accomplishing a lot of changes to accomplish the university added eco-friendly," said Angela Carmona, an all-embracing business above acrimonious up her cap and clothes aftermost week.
For the aboriginal time, caps and gowns for bachelor's amount recipients will be blooming and will affection USF seals on the front. Previously, all amount recipients wore black; this year, alone those earning alum degrees will abrasion black.
The academy will advise 6,358 degrees beyond its three campuses at ceremonies abutting weekend.
The university will present its Acclaimed Citizen Awards to Tampa Police Chief Jane Castor and Hillsborough County Accessible Schools Superintendent MaryEllen Elia, both of whom are abrogation their jobs.
The accolade has been presented back 1974 to individuals who accept acclaimed accessible account annal to the bodies of Florida, decidedly those in the USF account area.


There are schools offering science classes in South Carolina!
Each year, roughly 4.1% of South Carolina students graduate with degrees in science. Thus, South Carolina's 35 science schools put out approximately 4,131 science professionals each year.
The top-ranked school in South Carolina that has a science program is Clemson University. Clemson University, which was ranked 22nd in the country in 2010, is located in Clemson. In 2010, 542 students graduated from Clemson University's science program. Clemson University charged in-state students $11,908 in tuition fees per year.
The second-ranked school in South Carolina that has a science program is Furman University. Furman University, which was ranked 23rd in the country in 2010, is located in Greenville. 153 students graduated with degree in science from Furman University in 2010. Tuition at Furman University was $38,088 per year.
Wofford College, which was ranked 23rd nationwide in 2010, is the third-ranked school in South Carolina that has a science program. It is located in Spartanburg. In 2010, Wofford College graduated 98 students from its science programs. Students at Wofford College paid $31,710 per year in tuition fees.
A science degree from a South Carolina school... what next?
The government projects that the number of science professionals in South Carolina will grow by 26%. By 2018, there will be an estimated 1,680 science professionals working in South Carolina. The greatest growth for science professional is predicted to be amongst Clinical Research Scientists, who are expected to increase by 50% by 2018.
For more data regarding a career in science in South Carolina and to compare salaries with various related fields such as engineering or chemical engineering, take a look at the graphs and charts below.


The Pinnacle Lithium-Ion can take you up to 60 miles on one charge and makes the hills feel almost flat. Taking many cues from the best-selling Pinnacle Lithium, a bike with proven all-round use ability, the Lithium-Ion adds the fantastic Shimano STEPs pedal-assist system with 3 levels of power-assist and a 250W output. It's got all the added zip you could need to enjoy the simple pleasure of being on two wheels without the fatigue. It's fully road-legal, it can be ridden anywhere a conventional bike can, it's able to carry a load without effort and it's fun to ride at all times – a true ticket to freedom. Tow the kids around the park, keep up with others more easily, commute with less fatigue, you could even load it up for easy bike-camping … there's so many ways in which this bike could change not only your but your whole family's cycling.


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By Nicole FeibelmanPublished November 9, 2014
By Nicole Feibelman, 11/9/14 The last time Congress voted to raise minimum wage was five years ago. Since then, the US has endured recessionary pressures and faced increases in the cost of life essentials such as gas, college tuition and groceries. Yet the wages of the bottom fifth remain stagnant even though Americans are working harder, more productively, and with more education than ever.
By Nicole Feibelman, 11/9/14
The last time Congress voted to raise minimum wage was five years ago. Since then, the US has endured recessionary pressures and faced increases in the cost of life essentials such as gas, college tuition and groceries. Yet the wages of the bottom fifth remain stagnant even though Americans are working harder, more productively, and with more education than ever.
It is morally incorrect that a citizen of the US who works diligently for long hours can still struggle to support his family and is still limited by the effects of poverty. As work hours have increased and government support has become significantly more modest, low-income household have become increasingly reliant on earnings from work. Welfare payments have declined from 18.7% to 13.2%, and as a result, the bottom fifth is extremely reliant upon wages, employer-provided benefits, and tax credits. Still, the majority of the 25 million low-wage workers in the US - 9 million of whom are parents supporting roughly 14 million children — are dependent on
labor market pay for the majority of their income. Still, they struggle to meet basic expenses like supporting their family. Meanwhile, wages for the top 1% have grown far faster than those of other wage earners, and policies have enabled labor standards and business practices to increasingly favor employers at the expense of workers, putting corporate profits and executive pay at an all-time high. Therefore, broad wage growth must be put on the political agenda in order to address a sundry of economic changes.
According to the polls, three-quarters of Americans are in favor of hiking the federal wage rate to $9/hour, with automatic increases tied to inflation. The Economic Policy Institute (EPI) estimates<span "font-family:="" "times="" roman""="" style=""> that a gradual increase to $10.10/hour by 2016 would afford 27.8 million workers a raise. This rate is hardly unreasonable, minimum wage would amount to almost $10.70/hour today if it had kept up with inflation since 1968. Through the "ripple effect," workers currently earning between $10.10 and $11.50/hour would also see the probability of a wage raise. Studies have proven that this would increase productivity, lower turnover, and increase wages for 28 million workers, lifting over 900,000 people out of poverty. Every dollar increase in minimum wage has been estimated to inject $2,800 in new consumer spending by households over the following year. This would boost annual earnings by $7,700 to $20,200 per worker, which is enough to pull a family of three out of poverty.
Intensifying efforts to increase wages would not only provide benefits to the income of families in the bottom fifth, but also level income inequality, enhance social mobility, and boost macroeconomic growth by closing the shortage of aggregate demand for goods and services. The raise would decrease turnover, increase productivity, product quality, customer satisfaction, and company reputation, and restore consumer spending, which would in turn support sustainable economic recovery. An increase in employee wages in a case study at an airport demonstrated these effects: 35% of employers reported improvements in work performance, 47% reported better employee morale, 44% reported fewer disciplinary issues, and 45% reported an increase in customer service. Further evidence abounds in measuring the income gap across the country, which reveals less income inequality in states with minimum wages above the federal level.
While critics argue that this raise could ultimately hurt jobs and consumers, with a predicted loss of 500,000 jobs by 2016, that number only represents a 0.3% decrease in employment. Further, White House economists contend that the effect could result in? near zero job loss since business' higher payroll costs would be offset by lower turnover and higher productivity. Further, the benefits of raising and indexing the minimum wage are estimated to outweigh the costs by an overwhelming 4:1 ratio.
Evidence strongly suggests that putting money in the pockets of low-wage workers who have little choice but to spend that money will culminate with a boost to consumer spending and an increase in aggregate demand, ultimately driving economic growth. Despite President Obama's recent declaration to make raising the minimum wage a huge priority and his executive order to increase it to $10.10 for federally contracted workers, Congress had taken little action.
Therefore, the White House should make an effort to underscore the urgency of making the minimum wage a national policy priority, and take effective action through policy implementation.
Nicole Feibelman

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Keep out of reach of children. Precautionary Statements: Hazards to humans and domestic animals. Causes moderate eye irritation. Do not spray in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking, chewing gum or using tobacco. First Aid: If In Eyes: Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye; Call a Poison Control Center or doctor for treatment advice. Contact Number: In case of an emergency, call toll free 800-228-4722. Have the product container or label with you when calling a Poison control Venter, or doctor, or going for treatment. Physical Hazards: Flammable: Contents under pressure. Keep away from heat, sparks and open flame. Do not puncture or incinerate container. Exposure to temperatures above 130 degrees F may cause bursting.
It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. Read the entire label before using the product. Preclean surfaces prior to use. Hold can upright 6 inches to 8 inches from surface. Spray 2 to 3 seconds until covered with mist. To Disinfect: Let stand for 10 minutes to air dry. For Hard Non-Porous Food Contact Surfaces and for Toys: Rinse thoroughly with potable water. To Sanitize: Let stand for 30 minutes. To Deodorize: Spray on surfaces as needed. To Control and Prevent Mold & Mildew: Pre-clean hard, non-porous surfaces. Spray surface and allow to remain wet for 10 minutes. Allow surfaces to air dry. Repeat applications in weekly intervals or when mold and mildew growth appears. Do not use on polished wood, painted surfaces, leather, rayon fabrics, or acrylic plastics. Storage and Disposal: Store in original container in areas inaccessible to small children. Do not reuse empty container. Do not puncture or incinerate. Discard in trash.


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Yason Burnu (Cape Jason) National Park
While many Europeans looking to catch some rays will think of the Mediterranean as their go-to destination, for Turkish travelers it is the Black Sea that springs to mind. With spectacular coastlines, subtropical temperatures, and mountain landscapes, it's also not difficult to understand why.
A mythical past
All around the Black Sea coastline, travelers are met with a stunning patchwork of landscapes. On Turkey's coast, not far from the port city of Ordu, Yason Burnu can be found, which translates to Cape Jason. Named after Jason of Argonauts, a hero in Greek mythology famously known for his expedition with a band of 50 heroes in search of the magical "Golden Fleece," the location is known as the harbor of Jason's ship, the Argo. According to legend, the Argo is said to be the only ship to traverse the treacherous currents of the Bosporus Straits and make it to the Black Sea. The area's only landmark—and proof of the story of Jason—is the temple of Jason, which is said to have protected sailors from the perilous Black Sea waters.
The temple sits on a thin peninsula facing the sea. Today, the surrounding area is classified as a governmental environmental protection area and a first-degree archaeological site. Known as the only place in Ordu where you can watch both the sunrise and sunset, it is particularly known for its striking natural beauty and lush, emerald-green landscapes.
A thriving tourist hotspot
Flanked by old ports where life is slow and time seems to stand still, Yason Burnu offers a glimpse into a time long gone. However, in recent years Yason Burnu has also become a popular tourist destination for outdoor activities. The Black Sea coastline has indeed made a name for itself as a popular diving and water sports destination, although it is certainly nothing like the adventure that Jason and the Argonauts once bravely faced. With pristine natural beauty everywhere you look, it's not surprising that Yason Burnu has also become the site of weddings, local ceremonies, and family festivities.
Coastal cuisine and mountainous terrain
Drive along the Black Sea highway and take in the beautiful scenery. If traveling in the summer, make a stop at one of the longest and most pristine beaches on the coast, Çaka Plaji, just four kilometers from Cape Jason. Along the route you'll find local restaurants serving simple dishes and regional delicacies, including yogurt soup and meats from the open grill. Driving further inland, you'll be greeted by a cascade of tea plantations covering the mountains. Here you'll also find a series of waymarked hiking routes, which are ideal for exploring during the summer when locals celebrate festivals and music.
Çaytepe Mahallesi, Ordu, 52750, Turkey
Radisson Blu Hotel, Ordu
13.49 mi / 21.7 km from Yason Burnu (Cape Jason) National Park


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Food Manufacturer Expands In Chicago Suburbs
A California-based fresh food manufacturer is expanding in the Chicago suburbs. Gov. Pat Quinn's office announced in a news release on Tuesday that Fuji Food Products Inc. is opening a $2.5 million food processing and distribution facility in South Elgin that is expected to create 110 jobs. ...
A California-based fresh food manufacturer is expanding in the Chicago suburbs.
Gov. Pat Quinn's office announced in a news release on Tuesday that Fuji Food Products Inc. is opening a $2.5 million food processing and distribution facility in South Elgin that is expected to create 110 jobs.
Quinn's office says Fuji Food chose South Elgin for reasons that include a solid transportation network and access to a quality workforce. The company serves more than 6,000 supermarkets in 45 states. Fuji's products include sushi, edamame, sandwiches and rice bowls.
The release says Fuji's expansion was made possible by a $1 million tax credit under the state's Economic Development for a Growing Economy program, for companies that can show they're considering sites outside of Illinois.


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What's next for new Chicago Bears coach Matt Eberflus and GM Ryan Poles? Find an offensive coordinator and energize Justin Fields.
As COVID-19 surge wanes, Chicago-area hospitals are resuming elective surgeries
Billionaires who live in small towns across the United States
Stop complaining: It's ruining your relationships
IHSA second-round playoff pairings
By Chicago Tribune
Prairie Ridge's Samson Evans is upended by Montini's Mitch West during a Class 6A semifinal playoff game Saturday, Nov. 21, 2015 in Lombard. The teams meet again Saturday in the 6A second round. during the semifinal playoff game at Montini Catholic High School in Lombard Saturday, November 21, 2015. (James C. Svehla-Pioneer Press) (James C. Svehla/Pioneer Press)
IHSA PLAYOFF PAIRINGS
In bracket order; F-Friday; S-Saturday
S: #16 Oswego East (9-1) at #1 Loyola (10-0), 1 p.m
S: #25 Fremd (7-3) at #24 Huntley (7-3), 1 p.m.
S: #4 Homewood-Flossmoor (9-0) at #20 Glenbard West (8-2), 1 p.m.
S: #12 Edwardsville (9-1) at #5 Oswego (10-0), 6 p.m.
S: #31 Waubonsie Valley (6-4) at #18 Lincoln-Way East (8-2), 6:30 p.m.
S: #10 Barrington (9-1) at #26 Maine South (7-3), 1 p.m.
S: #3 Palatine (10-0) at #19 Lyons (8-2), 7 p.m.
F: #6 St. Charles East (10-0) at #22 New Trier (8-2), 7 p.m.
First-round results
#1 Loyola 42, #32 O'Fallon 14
#16 Oswego East 56, #17 Curie 14
#25 Fremd 45, #8 Brother Rice 42
#24 Huntley 21, #9 Stevenson 20
#4 Homewood-Flossmoor 42, #29 Evanston 21
#20 Glenbard West 31, #13 Neuqua Valley 28
#5 Oswego 10, #28 Joliet West 9
#12 Edwardsville 23, #21 Oak Park 20 (OT)
#31 Waubonsie Valley 33, #2 Hinsdale Central 23
#18 Lincoln-Way East 63, #15 Taft 15
#26 Maine South 42, #7 West Aurora 40
#10 Barrington 28, #23 Leyden 7
#3 Palatine 34, #30 Notre Dame 0
#19 Lyons 25, #14 Naperville North 23
#6 St. Charles East 45, #27 Lockport 0
#22 New Trier 31, #11 Marist 24
F: #16 Plainfield North (8-2) at #1 Bradley-Bourbonnais (10-0), 7 p.m.
S: #9 St. Charles North (9-1) at #8 Rockford Auburn (9-1), 1 p.m.
S: #13 Lake Zurich (8-2) at #4 Fenwick (10-1), 6 p.m.
S: #12 Batavia (8-2) at #28 Jacobs (6-4), 2 p.m.
S: #15 Glenbard North (8-2) at #2 East St. Louis (10-0), 1 p.m.
S: #7 Glenbrook North (9-1) at #23 Willowbrook (7-3), 1:30 p.m.
F: #3 Rolling Meadows (10-0) at #19 Lincoln-Way Central (7-3), 7 p.m.
S: #11 Benet (8-2) at #6 Normal (9-1), 3 p.m.
#1 Bradley-Bourbonnais 42, #32 Libertyville 17
#16 Plainfield North 42, #17 Highland Park 0
#8 Rockford Auburn 22, #25 St. Rita 21
#9 St. Charles North 31, #24 Carmel 24 (2OT)
#4 Fenwick 31, #29 Rockton Hononegah 10
#13 Lake Zurich 40, #20 Machesney Park Harlem 0
#28 Jacobs 51, #5 Lincoln Park 8
#12 Batavia 42, #21 McHenry 12
#2 East St. Louis 44, #31 Lincoln-Way West 7
#15 Glenbard North 49, #18 Pekin 0
#7 Glenbrook North 17, #26 Simeon 7
#23 Willowbrook 34, #10 Quincy 13
#3 Rolling Meadows 44, #30 Thornwood 12
#19 Lincoln-Way Central 50, #14 Reavis 20
#6 Normal 20, #27 Belleville West 18
#11 Benet 29, #22 Hoffman Estates 23
S: #1 Prairie Ridge (10-0) at #9 Montini (7-3), 1 p.m.
F: #13 St. Viator (6-4) at #12 Lake Forest (7-3), 7 p.m.
S: #7 DeKalb (8-2) at #2 Antioch (10-0), 1 p.m.
S: #6 Grayslake North (8-2) at #3 Cary-Grove (9-1), 1 p.m.
S: #8 Danville (8-2) at #1 Lemont (10-0), 6 p.m.
S: #4 Crete-Monee (8-2) at #12 St. Laurence (7-3), 5 p.m.
S: #7 Galesburg (8-2) at #2 Springfield Sacred Heart-Griffin (10-0), 1 p.m.
F: #14 Shepard (7-3) at #11 Rock Island (8-2), 7 p.m.
#1 Prairie Ridge 41, #16 Deerfield 0
#9 Montini 41, #8 St. Ignatius 8
#13 St. Viator 24, #4 Rockford Boylan 13
#12 Lake Forest 40, #5 Riverside-Brookfield 7
#2 Antioch 29, #15 Wauconda 28
#7 DeKalb 35, #10 Marmion 20
#3 Cary-Grove 34, #14 Wheeling 8
#6 Grayslake North 42, #11 Lakes 28
#1 Lemont 35, #16 Oak Forest 13
#8 Danville 41, #9 Perspectives 14
#4 Crete-Monee 37, #13 Chatham Glenwood 6
#12 St. Laurence 31, #5 Richards 28
#2 Springfield Sacred Heart-Griffin 57, #15 Normal West 20
#7 Galesburg 35, #10 Hubbard 21
#14 Shepard 41, #3 Morgan Park 7
#11 Rock Island 17, #6 T.F. South 14
S: #1 Sterling (10-0) at #9 Rich Central (7-3), 2 p.m.
S: #13 Sycamore (6-4) at #12 Rochelle (6-4), 1 p.m.
S: #7 Vernon Hills (7-3) at #15 Nazareth (6-4), 1 p.m.
F: #6 Hillcrest (8-2) at #14 Marian Central (7-4), 7 p.m.
F: #8 Decatur Eisenhower (7-3) at #1 Peoria (9-1), 7 p.m.
S: #5 Centralia (8-2) at #4 Washington, Ill. (8-2), 3 p.m.
S: #2 Highland (9-1) at #10 Metamora (7-3), 2 p.m.
S: #3 Morris (8-2) at #11 Troy Triad (7-3), 3 p.m.
#1 Sterling 45, #16 Westinghouse 6
#9 Rich Central 28, #8 Woodstock North 0
#13 Sycamore 42, #4 Solorio 21
#12 Rochelle 56, #5 Ridgewood 14
#15 Nazareth 46, #2 Goode 6
#7 Vernon Hills 56, #10 Urban Prep/Bronzeville 6
#14 Marian Central 49, #3 Payton 14
#6 Hillcrest 28, #11 Glenbard South 27
#1 Peoria 21, #16 Dunlap 9
#8 Decatur Eisenhower 51, #9 Jacksonville 22
#4 Washington (Ill.) 35, #13 Peoria Notre Dame 14
#5 Centralia 44, #12 Mahomet-Seymour 0
#2 Highland 10, #15 Waterloo 6
#10 Metamora 14, #7 Kankakee 6
#3 Morris 48, #14 Marion 28
#11 Troy Triad 35, #6 Geneseo 7
S: #1 Herscher (10-0) at #9 Dixon (8-2), 1 p.m.
S: #5 Aurora Central Catholic (9-1) at #4 Phillips (9-1), 4 p.m. at Gately
F: #2 Johnsburg (10-0) at #10 Manteno (7-3), 7 p.m.
F: #6 Rockford Lutheran (8-2) at #3 Genoa-Kingston (10-0), 7 p.m.
S: #1 Belleville Althoff (10-0) at #9 Taylorville (8-2), 4 p.m.
F: #5 Rochester (9-1) at #4 Mount Zion (9-1), 7 p.m.
S: #7 Canton (8-2) at #2 Columbia (10-0), 2 p.m.
S: #3 Herrin (9-1) at #11 Breese Mater Dei (6-4), 1 p.m.
#1 Herscher 42, #16 Chillicothe Illinois Valley Central 0
#9 Dixon 52, #8 South Shore 38
#4 Phillips 46, #13 Kewanee 7
#5 Aurora Central Catholic 20, #12 Wheaton Academy 13
#2 Johnsburg 56, #15 Marengo 14
#10 Manteno 28, #7 Plano 10
#3 Genoa-Kingston 35, #14 Coal City 10
#6 Rockford Lutheran 34, #11 Richmond-Burton 13
#1 Belleville Althoff 53, #16 Carterville 14
#9 Taylorville 32, #8 Alton Marquette 24
#4 Mount Zion 41, #13 Olney Richland County 0
#5 Rochester 52, #12 Bethalto Civic Memorial 7
#2 Columbia 57, #15 Greenville 30
#7 Canton 29, #10 West Frankfort 15
#3 Herrin 41, #14 Watseka 7
#11 Breese Mater Dei 14, #6 Breese Central 7
S: #8 Paxton-Buckley-Loda (9-1) at #1 IC Catholic (10-0), 4 p.m.
S: #5 Byron (10-0) at #4 Wilmington (10-0), 6 p.m.
S: #2 Farmington (10-0) at #7 Elmwood-Brimfield (9-1), 3:30 p.m.
S: #6 Monticello (10-0) at #3 Westville (10-0), 2 p.m.
F: #8 Pana (9-1) at #1 Newton (10-0), 7 p.m.
S: #5 Williamsville (9-1) at #4 Carlinville (9-1), 3 p.m.
S: #2 Mount Carmel, Ill. (10-0) at #10 Tolono Unity (8-2), 2 p.m.
S: #3 Virden North Mac (9-1) at #11 Anna-Jonesboro (8-2), 2:30 p.m.
#1 IC Catholic 49, #16 St. Joseph-Ogden 8
#8 Paxton-Buckley-Loda 50, #9 Aledo Mercer County 2
#4 Wilmington 51, #13 Corliss 8
#5 Byron 44, #12 Eureka 14
#2 Farmington 40, #15 Winnebago 36
#7 Elmwood-Brimfield 36, #10 Bloomington Central Catholic 14
#3 Westville 57, #14 Marine Military 0
#6 Monticello 49, #11 Clark 8
#1 Newton 61, #16 Auburn (Ill.) 29
#8 Pana 36, #9 Marshall (Ill.) 35
#4 Carlinville 76, #13 East Alton-Wood River 19
#5 Williamsville 56, #12 Hillsboro 12
#2 Mount Carmel (Ill.) 53, #15 Sesser-Valier-Waltonville-Woodlawn 16
#10 Tolono Unity 46, #7 Vandalia 20
#3 Virden North Mac 35, #14 Beardstown 7
#11 Anna-Jonesboro 9, #6 Fairfield 6
S: #1 Sterling Newman (10-0) at #9 Peru St. Bede (7-3), 2 p.m.
S: #5 Hope Academy (9-1) at #4 Deer Creek-Mackinaw (9-1), 2 p.m.
S: #7 Gibson City-Melvin-Sibley (8-2) at #2 Annawan-Kewanee Wethersfield (9-1), 2 p.m.
S: #6 Fulton (8-2) at #14 Taylor Ridge Rockridge (6-4), 1 p.m.
S: #8 DuQuoin (8-2) at #1 Downs Tri-Valley (10-0), 2 p.m.
S: #5 Maroa-Forsyth (9-1) at #4 Eldorado (9-1), 1 p.m.
S: #2 Mendon Unity-Payson (10-0) at #10 Shelbyville (7-3), 2 p.m.
S: #6 Bismarck-Henning (8-2) at #14 Champaign St. Thomas More (7-3), 2 p.m.
#1 Sterling Newman 50, #16 Clifton Central 6
#9 Peru St. Bede 40, #8 St. Joseph 13
#4 Deer Creek-Mackinaw 58, #13 Orion 10
#5 Hope Academy 43, #12 Knoxville 8
#2 Annawan-Kewanee Wethersfield 42, #15 Sciota West Prairie 22
#7 Gibson City-Melvin-Sibley 35, #10 El Paso-Gridley 7
#14 Taylor Ridge Rockridge 42, #3 Lanark Eastland-Pearl City 13
#6 Fulton 42, #11 Momence 7
#1 Downs Tri-Valley 49, #16 Rushville-Industry 0
#8 DuQuoin 65, #9 Red Bud 14
#4 Eldorado 36, #13 Flora 14
#5 Maroa-Forsyth 42, #12 Johnston City 6
#2 Mendon Unity-Payson 48, #15 Carthage Illini West 22
#10 Shelbyville 46, #7 Carmi-White County 6
#14 Champaign St. Thomas More 44, #3 Hamilton West Hancock 38
#6 Bismarck-Henning 48, #11 Niantic Sangamon Valley 19
S: #8 Dakota (6-3) at #1 Ottawa Marquette (10-0), 2:30 p.m.
S: #4 Freeport Aquin (9-1) at #12 LeRoy (7-3), 3 p.m.
S: #7 Toulon Stark County (7-3) at #2 Forreston (10-0), 6 p.m.
S: #6 Lena-Winslow (8-2) at #14 Catlin Salt Fork (6-4), 3 p.m.
S: #1 Tuscola (10-0) at #9 Carrollton (7-3), 2 p.m.
S: #13 Bridgeport Red Hill (7-3) at #12 Hardin Calhoun-Brussels (7-3), 2 p.m.
S: #2 Decatur St. Teresa (9-1) at #10 Athens (7-3), 1:30 p.m.
S: #6 Mount Sterling Brown County (8-2) at #14 Warrensburg-Latham (6-4), 2 p.m.
#1 Ottawa Marquette 9, #16 Milledgeville 6
#8 Dakota 42, #9 Polo 21
#4 Freeport Aquin 52, #13 Fithian Oakwood 13
#12 LeRoy 40, #5 Kirkland Hiawatha 12
#2 Forreston 67, #15 Luther North 0
#7 Toulon Stark County 35, #10 Westminster 14
#14 Catlin Salt Fork 43, #3 Stockton 42
#6 Lena-Winslow 54, #11 Manlius Bureau Valley 14
#1 Tuscola 52, #16 Oblong 7
#9 Carrollton 46, #8 Camp Point Central 0
#13 Bridgeport Red Hill 20, #4 Decatur Lutheran 7
#12 Hardin Calhoun-Brussels 8, #5 Arcola 0
#2 Decatur St. Teresa 54, #15 Toledo Cumberland 20
#10 Athens 60, #7 Pawnee 22
#14 Warrensburg-Latham 32, #3 Argenta-Oreana 30
#6 Mount Sterling Brown County 27, #11 Greenfield-Palmyra Northwestern 6
PREP BOWL PLAYOFFS
Public League second round
Thursday, Nov. 3, 6 p.m.
Morgan Park (8-2) vs. Simeon (5-5) at Gately
Curie (8-2) vs. Perspectives (7-3) at Rockne
Hubbard (7-3) at Solorio (7-3)
Latest High School Sports


text:
import PointArray from '../../types/PointArray.js'

export const MorphArray = PointArray

// Move by left top corner over x-axis
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export function y (y) {
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}

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export function width (width) {
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  return height == null ? b.height : this.size(b.width, height)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Abducted: The Japanese Kidnapped by North Korea / Special Reports
'You Will Win': President Trump Writes to the Family of a Japanese Abducted by North Korea
Sankei Shimbun June 25, 2019 11:07 pm Leave your thoughts
(Click here to read the original article in Japanese.)
abduction of Japanese, AFVKN, Akihiro Arimoto, Barack Obama, denuclearization, Donald Trump, George W. Bush, Keiko Arimoto, Kim Jong-un, North Korea, North Korean abduction, Shinzo Abe, Trump's letter, victims' families
A handwritten letter from United States President Donald Trump was delivered to 90-year-old Akihiro Arimoto, father of North Korean abduction victim Keiko Arimoto (23 at the time of her abduction), on June 15 through diplomatic channels. The letter expresses the President's strong determination to see the abduction issue resolved.
Trump's letter responds to Arimoto's own personal letter given to the American President when they met last May in Tokyo. His letter expressed a father's deep conviction that the abduction victims would come home to Japan and that President Trump would help.
"I strongly believe that the abduction issue will be resolved. President Trump will surely keep moving toward that result," he wrote.
The letter from the U.S. President was handed to Arimoto by Japanese government officials on the afternoon of June 15. It consisted of a brief handwritten text in English, saying: "Akihiro, I'm working hard for you. So is P.M. Abe. You will win — Great to see you! Donald Trump"
The Association of Families of Victims Kidnapped by North Korea (AFVKN) met President Trump twice — in November 2017 and again in May this year. Arimoto sent a letter to Trump through the U.S. embassy both times. According to government officials, when the two met in May, Arimoto gave the letter directly to the President, who promised to read it. He delivered on his word by sending his reply through diplomatic routes to Japan.
"I was surprised that the U.S. President would send me a letter," Arimoto said, looking astonished. "Life was so hard after Keiko disappeared, but this letter has made me feel that we are getting closer to a solution," he said through tears.
"This is the last chance for us to resolve this issue. I pray that all the abduction victims will return to Japan," said Keiko's mother Kayoko, 93.
Trump's Unparalleled Compassion
President Trump's encouragement of the family of an abduction victim through handwritten letters is now known. Other U.S. presidents have also expressed sympathy for the suffering of the victims' families over the years, but Trump's demonstration of compassion has been exceptional.
The victims' families met with President Trump on May 27 at the Akasaka Palace in Tokyo, their second meeting with the President since November 2017. Trump conveyed his desire for a breakthrough, saying, "The abduction issue is always on my mind."
He further encouraged the families, saying: "You will see them again. You must never stop trying." Afterward in an interview, Arimoto simply described the meeting as "successful."
The victims' families also met presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama in 2006 and 2014, respectively. Both presidents criticized North Korea.
Then- president Bush said, "It's unacceptable for a nation's leader to encourage abduction." Obama said, "Not only as a politician, but as the father of two daughters, these acts cannot forgiven." However, the focus of their negotiations with North Korea was denuclearization.
Meanwhile, Trump has held two summit meetings with North Korea since 2018 and has raised the abduction issue at both. He has consistently demonstrated his willingness to work cooperatively toward a resolution, including pressuring Kim Jong Un, chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea, for having failed to "show any notable progress" on the matter.
(Click here and here to read the original article in Japanese.)
(Click here to read more about the issue of North Korea's abduction of Japanese nationals and the international fallout from the issue.)
Author: The Sankei Shimbun
The Westin Tokyo: Executive Chef Kazushi Iwane Spreads the Splendor of Japan's World Heritage Cuisine
Gardens of Wealth: At Rikugien and Furukawa Are Layers of Tokyo History
Former Abduction Issue Minister Eriko Yamatani: 'This Time, The Feeling is Completely Different'
This past year has been the second most momentous in the long history of the abductions of Japanese […]
Dear Megumi: We Hope the Leaders of Japan and North Korea Will Make Your Homecoming Possible
Sakie Yokota Leave your thoughts
(This letter is part of an ongoing series of letters written by Sakie Yokota to her daughter Megumi. To […]
EDITORIAL | With U.S. Backing, Let's Settle the Abduction Issue Once and for All
North Korea was a hot topic in the talks Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe held with United States President [&hellip


health thread : defined association between healthcare matters as determined by one or more healthcare actors.
NOTE 1 A health thread reconciles a range of healthcare matters reflecting the variety of scopes of healthcare actors, particularly of healthcare providers.
NOTE 2 A health thread inherently associates the healthcare processes as well as the healthcare activity period elements referring to those healthcare matters.
NOTE 3 A health thread may be established by a team (e.g. a coordination committee).
NOTE 4 A health thread can be built step-by-step, by allowing each healthcare professional to add their perspective into a common health thread.
NOTE 7 Under the responsibility of a designated healthcare actor, a health thread linking several healthcare matters can describe an episodes of care bundle, for instance, a partial or comprehensive synthesis of healthcare actor related episodes of care.
NOTE 8 A collective decision (before, during or after the healthcare interventions) may define a health thread and so the idea of the 'episode' accepted by all the healthcare professionals involved.
NOTE 9 Two health conditions may sometimes only be recognized as belonging to the same health thread late in the process of care. Conversely, two health conditions thought initially to belong to the same health thread may need to be separated later.
NOTE 10 Since a health thread links any number of healthcare matters; it also may link health threads linking other health issues. Hence, a health thread may be considered an aggregation of health issues and/or health threads.


There's a tiny little steakhouse in Northeast Indiana that few have heard about, and it definitely deserves more attention. Known for some of the best fried fish in the state as well as amazing steak dishes, this restaurant is a must-visit for every Hoosier.
For more than two decades, Chubby's Fish and Steak has a been local watering hole for Orland, Indiana residents who want a budget-friendly bite to eat. There's no better place in the state to get surf n' turf.
Open daily for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, this homey little steakhouse is a casual joint with friendly service. The place is often packed, but you can make reservations to secure a seat.
The menu consists of classic American fare, including all your favorite breakfast entrees. Guests enjoy chubby cakes, biscuits and gravy, omelets, country-fried steak, and much more.
Breakfast is served from 6 a.m. to 11 a.m. Monday through Friday and 6 a.m. to 2 p.m. on Sunday and Saturday.
Lunch and dinner options include burgers, tenderloins, and a myriad of other sandwiches. Steak options include ribeye, sirloin, New York Strip, and ham steak, and when it comes to seafood, Chubby's famous fried fish has been bringing in crowds since 1990.
Be sure to save room for dessert. Chubby's sells milkshakes, malts, pies, and a la mode treats. You can stop by Sunday through Thursday between 6 a.m. and 8 p.m. and Friday and Saturday between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m.
Chubby's Fish and Steak is located at 9482 West, IN-120, Orland, IN 46776, and you can get more information on its website or Facebook page.
For more great eats, check out these nine deliciously famous restaurants in Indiana you may have seen on TV.
If you've ever been to this little steakhouse, we'd love to hear from you. Please share your experiences and photos with us below in the comments.


text:
Panthers take 24-17 lead into fourth
Packers QB Aaron Rodgers has thrown three INTs
Mike Spofford
packers.com senior writer
CHARLOTTE – The Packers entered the fourth quarter trailing the Panthers, 24-17, on Sunday in Charlotte.
Here's a recap of the first three quarters.
First quarter:
The Packers and Panthers traded TD drives in the first quarter and headed to the second tied at 7.
The Panthers won the toss and deferred. The Packers got one first down on a 12-yard pass from QB Aaron Rodgers to WR Davante Adams on the first play, but went three-and-out from there. Rodgers' third-down pass over the middle for WR Randall Cobb was broken up by a big hit from S Kurt Coleman, and Green Bay punted.
The Panthers got going on a 10-yard run by RB Christian McCaffrey and a 9-yard pass from QB Cam Newton to TE Greg Olsen. On third-and-9, Newton scrambled and got the first down by an inch or so, putting the ball near midfield. The on third-and-5, Newton hit McCaffrey on a wheel route out of the backfield for 20 yards to the Green Bay 24.
Newton hit McCaffrey again on third-and-2 for 9 yards, making it first-and-goal from the 9. On second down, Newton found McCaffrey yet again – the rookie's ninth touch on the drive – for a 7-yard TD reception. McCaffrey had 60 yards (20 rushing, 40 receiving) on the 85-yard drive that took 15 plays and 7:35 off the clock.
Rodgers began Green Bay's next drive with a 10-yard pass to Adams and a 23-yard pass to Cobb into Carolina territory. After a 7-yard scramble by Rodgers, RB Jamaal Williams ran for 9 yards and another first down. An 8-yard scramble by Rodgers set up third-and-2 from the 16, and Williams plowed ahead to convert.
Just before third-and-9 from the 13, the Packers called timeout, and then Rodgers found Adams wide open in the end zone to tie the game on the final play of the quarter.
Second quarter:
A late touchdown on classic improvisation by QB Aaron Rodgers gave the Packers a 14-10 lead over the Panther.
Carolina began the second quarter with a 9-yard pass to RB Jonathan Stewart on a screen, and three straight runs by Stewart for 15 yards. The Packers then gave the Panthers a first down with back-to-back offside penalties on LB Clay Matthews and DT Kenny Clark before Newton hit Olsen for 14 yards to the Green Bay 28.
On third-and-5, Newton hit McCaffrey for 11 yards to the 12. LB Ahmad Brooks tackled Stewart for a 4-yard loss on second down, setting up third-and-14 from the 15, and Newton's pass for WR Devin Funchess was high. K Graham Gano was good from 33 yards out, and the Panthers led 10-7 with 9:02 left in the half.
Rodgers was intercepted on the second play of the next drive, as he tried to throw off-balance to Adams, and CB Daryl Worley picked it off. Carolina took over on its own 39, but Green Bay's defense responded with a three-and-out, and the Panthers punted.
From his own 10, Rodgers hit Adams for 9 yards, and then RB Aaron Jones scooted through a hole for 23 yards to the Green Bay 42. Jones broke off another run for 20, but Rodgers threw incomplete to Allison on third-and-9 from the Carolina 37. The Packers tried to draw the Panthers offside and took a delay of game before punting. P Justin Vogel's punt was downed at the Carolina 5.
On third-and-7, Newton scrambled for the first down, barely reaching the marker. On the ensuing third-and-9, LB Blake Martinez nearly intercepted a pass over the middle for McCaffrey, and the Panthers punted. After a 13-yard return by WR Trevor Davis, the Packers took over on their own 42 with 1:55 left in the half.
Rodgers hit Adams for 13 and TE Richard Rodgers for 9 to start the drive. After Williams plowed ahead for 3 and a first down, a scrambling Rodgers flipped the ball to Cobb, who dodged tacklers all the way for a 33-yard touchdown with 26 seconds left. K Mason Crosby's PAT put the Packers up, 14-10.
Third quarter:
The Panthers started the second half with a 19-yard pass to Funchess, and the Packers gave up a first down on third-and-4 when DT Mike Daniels jumped offside. After consecutive 5-yard runs by McCaffrey and Newton, the QB found a wide-open Olsen behind the defense for a 30-yard TD, and the Panthers were back in front.
On the second play of the ensuing drive, Rodgers tried to go deep over the middle to Cobb, but it was underthrown and picked off by S Colin Jones. Panthers LB Thomas Davis threw an illegal blindside block on Adams on the return, and Adams was slow to get up. After the penalty, Carolina took over at midfield.
Newton hit Olsen for 12 yards and then ran for 8 more before RB Fozzy Whittaker picked up the first down at the Green Bay 26. A 10-yard pass to Olsen put the ball in the red zone, and CB Damarious Randall broke up a pass to Funchess in the end zone, setting up third-and-6 from the 12. S Jermaine Whitehead interfered with WR Russell Shepard, giving the Panthers first-and-goal from the 9.
On the next play, Newton's pass to the back of the end zone for WR Damiere Byrd between two defenders was deflected and caught by Byrd but initially ruled incomplete, out of bounds. The Panthers challenged, and upon review, it was ruled Byrd's backside apparently came down in bounds before he rolled onto the end zone, giving Carolina the touchdown. Gano's PAT made it 24-14 Panthers with 7:20 left in the quarter.
Rodgers was intercepted for a third time, this time on third-and-10 as he tried to go deep to WR Jordy Nelson. Again, the pass was underthrown, and CB James Bradberry hauled it in at the Carolina 26.
Green Bay's defense responded with a three-and-out, though, as Clark sacked Newton on third down, and the Panthers punted.
The Packers got a first down on an 8-yard run by Williams and a 5-yard pass to Nelson. A 9-yard pass to WR Geronimo Allison set up third0-and-1 from the Carolina 35, but Williams was stopped for no gain on an outside pitch. Rodgers ran a read-option keeper on fourth down to move the chains.
Rodgers scrambled 12 yards for a first down on the 16, and a 6-yard pass to Allison set up third-and-4 from the 10, but Rodgers pass for Allison bounced short. Crosby was good from 28 yards out, and the Packers pulled within 24-17 with 1:23 left in the period.
The Packers' fourth offside penalty of the game started Carolina's next drive, and then Newton hit Olsen for 20 yards, followed by a 15-yard run by McCaffrey to the Green Bay 35.


The Tromsø High North Cluster (THiNC), Arctic Marine Ecosystem Research Network (ARCTOS) the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) as well as the University of the Arctic announce the Young Scientist Forum, an interdisciplinary annual event parallel to the Arctic Frontiers Conference in Tromsø.
The YSF is an important investment in collaboration and understanding in the region. Networking, cultural exchange and future scientific collaborations are given optimal conditions to develop and grow. Exchange of knowledge and perspectives create synergetic effects throughout the area and prepare the ground for cooperation in the years to come.
5. Enhance cultural exchange between countries and disciplines.
The Young Scientist Forum offers several opportunities for training and events to enhance the career development of young professionals with interest in Arctic issues. Training focuses on communication and outreach, project management and intercultural exchange.
YSF was initiated in 2007 by the ARCTOS Research Network, Tromsø High North Cluster (THiNC), and Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS). In the course of the prcess, UArctic has become a partner. The activities of YSF run from Thursday 20 January - Wednesday 2 February 2011 and are connected to the Arctic Frontiers Conference.


Nine-time Pro Bowl center won four Super Bowls with Steelers in 1970s; didn't miss a game from '74 to '85.
Sorry if this is in the wrong area, but found it interesting. Never new anyone form Tomahawk made it to the Nfl or for that matter won a superbowl.
Here is some more on him if anyone is interested.
Met Mike Webster once. Nice guy. Made me glad that I wasn't the guy on the other side of the ball that somebody that big was about to run over.
Didn't Readers Digest have a story on him some years ago? I vaguely remember reading something about him but can't remember what it was. (I got to start writing things down!!) I only remember when I came across the reference that he came from Tomahawk that I did a couple of retakes. Maybe the article was about how he died, but I may be mistaken. His bio states that he died at the age of 50…such a shame.
But there had to be something special about Mike, other than his coming from Tomahawk of course, that made a story in Readers Digest. If anyone knows about this it would be an interesting post. If anyone knew him personally, especially about his days as a kid in Tomahawk, I would like to hear about it....maybe others would too.
More on Mike Wilson. Wow!!! What a shame...what a truly sad story.
Two of the most powerful articles were about football, and despite Lewis's apparent decision to appeal to the Reader's Digest crowd, these essays are not heartwarming. One is about Mike Webster, a retired pro football player who died in 2002 at age fifty after struggling with hypertension, depression, and dementia, all probably brought on by football injuries. The other article is called XXL and it's about the alarming trend in football, at all levels, to encourage players to be heavy. Because of the changes in the game over the past thirty years, physical size is more important, and players in the NFL are on average 65 pounds heavier than they were in 1975. Over 300 players in the NFL today are over 300 pounds, compared to none thirty years ago. Young players who hope to make it to the pros someday start bulking up early. Coaches and even parents encourage the kids to put on the pounds.
This wouldn't be what you where talking about kmartell would it?
Correct me if I'm wrong. Mike Webster may have had a Tomahawk address but I think he went to Rhinelander to high school.
Darn, I thought that we (Tomahawk) had some neat bragging rights on Mike Wilson. Oh well, Rhinelander may have Mike but we're still the greatest little town in the world.
As a side note... how come the Tomahawk coaches 'allowed' Rhinelander to 'steal' Mike away, if indeed they did? If he was from Tomahawk, shouldn't he have naturally gone to the Tomahawk school system? Or was it because he lived outside the Tomahawk city limits, and possibly closer to the Rhinelander schools, that Rhinelander is where he was supposed to go. It's just funny that he had a Tomahawk address but ended up in Rhinelander. But I can understand the logistics that might be involved.
Also, in 2004, Rhinelander named their high school stadium in Mike's honor. Very cool to honor him that way!!!
First of all it's Mike Webster, not Mike Wilson.
As I recall he lived in the Harshaw area and I am guessing that because that was in the Rhinelander school district that is why he attended that school. At the time they probably received their mail from the Tomahawk post office, which is why he had a Tomahawk address.
Must be Ken's mistake is due to California Dreamin', I believe there was a Mike Wilson that played for the 49ers.
Wilson...Webster...Weather...yeah, that's it...it's the hot weather descending on California this weekend. Burnt my brain.
Yup, it was the Webster guy. I have a friend, Mike Wilson. My brain just mixed them up.
NOTHING gets by the Message Board analysts !!!
First Ken, is the fact that the heat has burnt your brain braggin' or complainin'? Second, I think (although not PC) message board nazis is closer to the truth than message board analysts. Send some heat this way!
But it's so true !!!
Mike Webster grew up North of Tomahawk in Harshaw and did attend Rhinelander High School. My dad knew him and his family and spent time at his home growing up. Mike had a rough childhood in terms of his home life. I'm not all that familiar with his football career but I do know the physical rehabilitation that is in place in the nfl today was non existent back then. In his later life Mike became addicted to prescription pain killers and often would shock himself with a tazer gun just to settle his nerves and "reset" himself so to speak. His injuries from playing football were profound. His legacy has prompted the nfl to put in place better insurance for players so they may have good medical care post career. Again, I'm not terribly familliar, but these are just a few things to add.