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Bank lobby group says banks unable to include KiwiSaver fees in dollar terms and retirement income projections in their annual KiwiSaver statements until 2018
16th Nov 16, 12:02pm
by Jenée Tibshraeny
Image sourced from Shutterstock.com
Banks are hesitant about giving their KiwiSaver members both a rundown of their fees in dollar terms and projection of their retirement incomes in their annual statements.
They say it is possible, but complex, and will take longer than regulators think to implement.
The New Zealand Bankers' Association (NZBA) makes this call in its submission to a discussion document the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) sent out to the industry on October 5 - 'Changes to Annual Statements for KiwiSaver, Superannuation, and Workplace Savings Schemes'.
The NZBA agrees: "Clear and effective disclosure will assist members in understanding the amount of fees they are paying each year and to consider how their investment choices and contribution rate can impact their retirement savings goals."
Yet banks won't be able to iron out a number of the issues associated with having greater disclosure, before annual statements are sent out next year. Rather, they'd like regulators to give them until 2018 to roll out the changes.
The NZBA says only two of its six members that provide KiwiSaver (Kiwibank and ASB), are in a position to disclose fees in dollar terms, in their 2017 statements.
The others will struggle to do so because calculating fees is complex as "fund charges are calculated at fund rather than investor level", and investors may be involved in multiple funds and change funds throughout the year.
Furthermore, banks haven't been calculating fees in dollar terms up until this point, so won't have sufficient information to include these details in their 2017 statements.
Some of the NZBA's members are also dependent on "outsourced service providers changing their systems," which might take time.
It says regulations will need to be developed so that all KiwiSaver providers calculate total fees paid on the same basis to make sure investors "are receiving consistent information that is comparable across industry".
The bank lobby group believes it is "unnecessary" for providers to have to show administration and investment management fees, in addition to the total fees figure.
Contrary to MBIE's proposal, it believes annual statements should place greater emphasis on net performance (after fees), rather than fees alone.
"Fees are one element of the overall retirement investment and in many instances reflect active/passive fund management. In an actively managed portfolio, higher fees are appropriate, as they reflect the work undertaken by the provider," the NZBA says.
"All fees should be considered in light of the total return, so that the member can form their own view about the fee in light of the service they have received and returns their fund has made
"As such, NZBA does not consider that fees can, or should, be read in isolation or given such weight that they would ultimately drive a culture where members chase a perceived 'low fee' at the expense of optimal growth in their retirement savings."
Retirement income projections
The NZBA says banks will "encounter a number of issues" providing projections of their KiwiSaver members' retirement incomes in their 2017 statements.
"It is not possible for the requisite regulations, including calculation methodology, to be developed, published and implemented" in time, it says.
It notes a number of technical questions need to be resolved to ensure projections aren't inaccurate or misleading.
"Without clear guidance on how such a projection should be calculated there is a high likelihood that these will be incorrect and confusing.
"Further, members need to be given a clear understanding that the projections are not promises by providers."
The NZBA says banks will need to figure out how to best obtain information about their members' and their employers' contribution rates.
"Providers do not currently collect or hold this data… simply assuming a member's income based on their contribution history could lead to inaccurate results."
KiwiSaver providers will need to consider the fact 42% of KiwiSaver members do not make regulation contributions, people's incomes could vary significantly over their working lives, their contribution rates could change, or they could make lump sum contributions.
The NZBA says regulators will also need to consider whether retirement income projections are appropriate for all members. For example, the projections of under 18s, the self-employed or those on parental leave are likely to fluctuate year to year, and thus not be that helpful.
It points out there may also be problems with people who have split their investments across different funds, or those who are looking at different projections provided in their annual statements and by their providers' online calculators, which will have been created based on their own internal modelling.
The NZBA says any retirement income projection system will need to be tested before it's made mandatory.
It maintains it's realistic for this to occur in 2018.
In the interim, the NZBA suggests banks provide a link to either their or Sorted's KiwiSaver retirement calculators, so they can calculate their projections themselves, in their 2017 statements.
The NZBA disagrees with MBIE's proposal to show the total amount an investor's account grew by over the year in their annual statement.
"As KiwiSaver balances can go both up and down, it may be more appropriate to just show the opening and closing balances… and/or a percentage figure along with the total dollar figure of how the account changes over the year," it says.
Furthermore, the NZBA doesn't want its members to be made to use prescriptive wording, as headings or to describe different types of information, in their annual statements.
"The exact layout and content of annual statements should then be left to providers, allowing them to tailor messages to their own client base accordingly," it says.
Finally, the NZBA disagrees with MBIE's proposal to make its legislative changes apply to Superannuation and Workplace Savings Schemes in addition to KiwiSaver.
It says Workplaces Savings Schemes in particular have completely different features, so should be dealt with separately.
*This article was first published in our email for paying subscribers. See here for more details and how to subscribe.
MBIEFMANZBAKiwiSaver feesretirement income projectionsannual statementsconsultationPersonal Finance
by Henry Filth | 17th Nov 16, 6:15am 1479316500
Yes, well, I can sympathize with the banks here.
I've always found it extremely difficult to get fee information from the various funds I've invested in. And as for getting an explanation of how the fees are calculated, forget it!
If you ever want to see someone bristle in indignation, try asking for a worked example! Priceless. . .
by AK79 | 17th Nov 16, 8:05am 1479323100
Funny the banks know exactly how much they charge a person and collect fees in dollars. This is just nonsense - the banks have seen KiwiSaver fees as a gravy train and don't want there to be any transparency around the matter. I hope MBIE doesn't fall for this.
by Yoda | 17th Nov 16, 10:09am 1479330540
The banks seem to be saying they can't count dollars. That says a lot about their competence. Or does it say more about their honesty?
by Craig Simpson | 17th Nov 16, 10:12am 1479330720
If all KiwiSaver providers have registry systems in place and they are currently calculating PIE tax daily for every member they are already using some sort of fractional apportioning. Therefore there is no reason why fees can't be done in the same way. I think those that can't do this need to throw some money and resources at the problem rather than trying to kick the can down the road and hope the issue goes away.
by NoNonCents | 11th Jan 17, 9:46am 1484081160
Good point Craig!
by xlink_nz | 22nd Nov 16, 8:38pm 1479800280
Usual predictable story here - industry 'lobby' groups opposing or delaying govt change that is intended for the public good. Kudos too as well for Simplicity calling out the NZBA's position as BS lol
https://www.simplicity.kiwi/simplicity-news/too-hard-excuse-on-fees-disc...
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Women's and Gender Studies OER and OA Resources
This library guide provides Open Educational Resources and Open Access materials for Women's and Gender Studies.
Women's and Gender Studies OER Books
Other Women's and Gender Studies OER
Women's and Gender Studies Open Access Resources
Kirk Snyder
Subjects: Online Learning and Teaching, Open Educational Resources
This open educational resources can be used and remixed for free, without penalty. Please contact the Libraries if you need help determining what you are able to do legally with a resource.
Feeling Gender: A Generational and Psychosocial Approach (2017)
Author: Harriet Bjerrum Nielsen
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Subject: Gender Studies
See abstract and full boook here.
LGBTQ+ Studies: An Open Textbook (2020)
A new OER for introductory LGBTQ+ studies courses from SUNY
Language, Cognition and Gender (2016)
Authors: Alan Garnham --- Jane Oakhill --- Lisa von Stockhausen --- Sabine Sczesny
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Subject: Science (General) --- Psychology
See abstract and full text here.
Introduction to Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies (2017)
This textbook introduces key feminist concepts and analytical frameworks used in the interdisciplinary Women, Gender, Sexualities field. It unpacks the social construction of knowledge and categories of difference, processes and structures of power and inequality, with a focus on gendered labor in the global economy, and the historical development of feminist social movements. The book emphasizes feminist sociological approaches to analyzing structures of power, drawing heavily from empirical feminist research.
Global Women's Issues: Women in the World Today (Extended Version) (2012)
We cannot solve global challenges unless women participate fully in efforts to find solutions. Female participation in the private sector is a crucial economic driver for societies worldwide. Economic security benefits every facet of a woman's life, with positive effects on the health, education and vitality of families. Learn about women who are changing their societies for the better. This extended version of Global Women's Issues: Women in the World Today includes, for each chapter, a summary, key words, multiple choice questions, discussion questions, essay questions, and a list of additional resources.
Out from the Shadows of Minneapolis: Power, Pride, and Perseverance at a Northern Community College
Minneapolis College, the most selected higher education destination of students from all Minneapolis Public High Schools, is located downtown, nestled between the hustle of Hennepin Avenue and the green spaces of Loring Park. As a part of the Minnesota State system of colleges and universities, Minneapolis College most serves those students who are least likely to go to college. With three-quarters of the student body composed of those underrepresented in higher education, the hallways are filled with recent immigrants, those seeking to learn English, members of communities with the highest unemployment and incarceration rates in the state, veterans, those of low socioeconomic status, seekers of diversity, and those who wish to serve them. Collected here are their stories, stories of overcoming, coming up, perseverance, pride, and power in the face of depressed opportunity and systemic oppression.
Equality Archive
Equality Archive is a reliable source for the history of sex and gender equality in the United States. It is a theater for history and social justice with the goal to provide a forum for curious people. Information is power. Equality Archive provides open access to the information that can ripple to become a new wave of knowledge and action in the service of social good.
Gender and Sexualities: An Inquiry
Gender and Sexualities: An Inquiry was created to accompany UNST 231 Sophomore Inquiry: Gender and Sexualities at Portland State University.
Everyday Social Justice
This website is for people who want to learn about social justice, or for folks who teach it. It has all of the teaching materials for my courses on social justice, so you could walk yourself through it or talk about it with a "book" group!
Women's and Gender Studies (MIT)
These open courses from MIT cover various Women's and Gender Studies topics for undergraduate and graduate students and the public
These resources are available for free, but may not be remixed or altered. Please contact the Libraries if you need help determining what you are able to legally do with a resource.
Gender in Science and Technology
Authors: Horwath (Ed.), Ilona --- Ernst (Ed.), Waltraud
Book Series: Gender Studies ISBN: 9783837624342 9783839424346 Year: 2013 Language: English
Publisher: transcript Verlag Grant: Knowledge Unlatched - 100525
Added to DOAB on : 2017-04-21 11:01:49
See abstract and full book here.
Tax, Social Policy and Gender
Author: Stewart, Miranda
Publisher: ANU Press
Subject: Economics --- Gender Studies --- Social Sciences
License: ANU Press
Women in Nineteenth-Century Russia
Authors: Tosi, Alessandra --- Rosslyn, Wendy
ISBN: 9781906924676 Year: 2012 Pages: 258 Language: English
Publisher: Open Book Publishers
Subject: Gender Studies --- History --- Languages and Literatures
Transgender Identities: Towards a Social Analysis of Gender Diversity (CC BY-NC-ND)
In recent years transgender has emerged as a subject of increasing social and cultural interest. This volume offers vivid accounts of the diversity of living transgender in today's world. The first section, "Emerging Identities," maps the ways in which social, cultural, legal and medical developments shape new identities on both an individual and collective level. Rather than simply reflecting social change, these shifts work to actively construct contemporary identities. The second section, "Trans Governance," examines how law and social policy have responded to contemporary gender shifts. The third section, "Transforming Identity," explores gender and sexual identity practices within cultural and subcultural spaces. The final section, "Transforming Theory?", offers a theoretical reflection on the increasing visibility of trans people in today's society and traces the challenges and the contributions transgender theory has brought to gender theory, queer theory and sociological approaches to identity and citizenship. Featuring contributions from throughout the world, this volume represents the cutting-edge scholarship in transgender studies and will be of interest to scholars and students interested in gender, sexuality, and sociology.
For more resources, review this pre-formulated search for Gender Studies in the Directory of Open Access Books:
Directory of Open Access Books: "Gender Studies"
Many of these resources were drawn from a list compiled by the Borough of Manhattan Community College
URL: https://libguides.tourolib.org/WGS
Subjects: History, Open Educational Resources, Sociology
Tags: Gender Studies, Women's History, Women's Studies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Middle East Electricity 2018 | MEE
Perkins to debut trio of powerful new engine solutions at MEE 2018
As a leading supplier of engines to the Middle East's electric power (EP) industries, Perkins returns to Middle East Electricity (MEE) 2018 with a show-stopping line-up. Among the highlights will be a first look at three new additions to its already extensive engine range, each designed to deliver high power density, reduced running costs and market-leading performance. Breakthrough aftermarket offerings, including the Perkins® SmartCap and Perkins® My Engine App, will also be on show.
Perkins heads back to MEE 2018, from March 6-8 at the Dubai World Trade Centre, determined to underline its strong position in the region's booming power sector. A triple launch of new engines at key power nodes – the Perkins® 1206, 1706 and 2806 are set to be stars of the show.
MEE is an important event in the region with more than 1,500 international exhibitors and 21,000 visitors from 130 countries across the Middle East, Asia and Africa.
With the EP market continuing to grow, particularly in the Middle East and neighbouring territories, MEE remains one of the most important dates on the EP calendar for Perkins. It's the ideal platform to promote its extended, market-leading range of high power density engines and engage with global Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and users of its engines.
The business' growing strength in the region was underlined by the fact that 40 percent of the generators exhibited by OEMs at last year's event were powered by a Perkins engine.
New engines to make first appearance
Keen to build on that representation, Perkins is thrilled to expand its product range with the launch of the new Perkins 1206, 1706 and 2806 engines at this year's event.
Each engine solution provides customers with high power density, giving them benefits they truly value, including a reduced package size, improved running costs and better fuel efficiency.
Marketing Manager for Europe, Africa, Middle East and CIS, Sylvia Burwood, said: "We've already got the most extensive power range in the EP industry. These three engine additions will give us an even more competitive product at three key power nodes and each one will hugely benefit our customers."
Of course, the Perkins team will also be promoting its broader range of engines, designed to meet the comprehensive needs of all the key sectors in the EP market. Highlights will include the ultra-compact 403A-11G and the 4008-30TAG, a real powerhouse for electricity generation.
Innovative aftermarket solution
On the aftermarket side, Perkins will be showcasing the significant customer benefits of its new Perkins® My Engine App and Perkins® SmartCap. Simply by replacing the oil filler cap, the Perkins SmartCap brings low cost connectivity to both mechanical and electronic engines. This is the first technology of its kind to come to market and provides location and operation hours data to support service scheduling.
Data is viewed via the Perkins My Engine App, putting personalised engine information at customers' fingertips, wherever they are. The app is free to download, available in multiple languages and includes additional functionality such as parts numbers for key consumable parts, the parts book and operation and maintenance manual, plus a distributor locator to access local experts.
Sylvia Burwood said: "We've been coming to MEE for many years and it remains the primary EP show of the whole year for us. With so many OEMs and end users there who use our engines every day, it's important we're there to talk to them, hear about their challenges, learn about emerging trends in the sector and provide all the support they need."
Perkins will also support the show more broadly as its technology sponsor.


When a gas expands adiabatically; it does work on its surroundings. But if there is no heat input to the gas, where does the energy come from to do the work?
It's the internal energy of the gas that it uses to do work in an adiabatic process.
You are back!!. Was the pendulum (changing value of g) question correct?
It is due to intramolecular force existing between molecules by 'String Theory' or 'Harmonic Oscillator'!!
Internal pressure of gas is more than external pressure , so gas expands without any heat input.


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Elbrus () are , fiind cel mai înalt munte din Caucaz, de unii geografi fiind considerat și cel mai înalt munte din Europa. Acest fapt este controversat, unii considerând Montblancul cel mai înalt, deoarece Elbrus se află chiar la granița dintre Europa și Asia. Muntele este un vulcan stins care are două vârfuri "Vârful de est" ( 5.642 m) și "Vârful de vest" ( 5.621 m), ambele sunt acoperite de ghețari (145 km²), distanța dintre piscuri este 1500 de m, punctul cel mai înalt al vârfului fiind marginea craterului.

Denumiri
Muntele este denumit de arabi Dschabal al-alsun "Muntele limbilor diferite", alte popoare l-au denumit "Regele spiritelor", "Tronul zeilor", "Locul norocoșilor", sau "Sfânta înălțime". În limba georgiană este denumit: იალბუზი ialbuzi; rusă: Эльбрус.

Geografie

Elbrus este situat în Republica Kabardino-Balkaria din Rusia la aproximativ 11 km nord de granița cu Georgia și la 270 km nord-vest de Tbilisi.
Controversa cu privire la situarea lui Elbrus în Asia sau Europa provine de la măsurarea topografică a cartografului suedez Strahlenberg (1676–1747) care a mutat granița inițială dintre Europa și Asia de pe linia cursului Donului la munții Urali.

Geologie
Structura petrografică a lui Elbrus care este un stratovulcan, este alcătuită din dacite și andezite unde în timpul perioadei holocene s-a format caldera cu diametrul de 14x17 km. Ultima erupție a lui Elbrus a avut loc cu 2000 mii de ani în urmă ( ± 50 n.Hr.), urmele lavei vulcanice s-au găst pe o suprafață de 250 km². Pe vârful de est se poate observa și azi craterul cu un diametru de 200 de m, semne de activitate vulcanică sunt izvoarele termale, solfatarele, sau laharele.

Escaladare

Escaladarea durează în mod obișnuit 4-5 zile și necesită, de preferat, câteva zile suplimentare pentru aclimatizare. Pana la altitudinea de 3800m, în locul numit "La butoaie", puteți ajunge folosind mijloacele de transport pe cablu. Următoarele tabere sunt "Priut"(4300m) si "Stâncile lui Pastuhov"(4800m), ascensiunea finala putând începe de la oricare din ele. De la "stâncile lui Pastuhov" pana pe vârf ascensiunea durează cca 6 ore dar, chiar daca pe vreme buna poate părea ușoară, nu subestimați cel mai înalt vârf din Europa!

Legături externe

  Expeditii pe Elbrus organizate din Romania

Caucaz
Cele șapte vârfuri
Munți din Rusia
Stratovulcani din Rusia
Vulcani inactivi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Award Presentations made at Annual Volunteers Brunch
The Club handed out awards in five categories for members' service during its annual Volunteers Appreciation Brunch at the clubhouse Oct. 1.
President Jim Bailey said the work by the recipients, as well as all the other volunteers attending, was the main reason for the club's success in promoting sport fishing and service to the community. "Without them – and you," he said to the audience of some 50 members present, "we could never accomplish what we do."
Two of the top awards went to longtime member Marian Wolf and outgoing treasurer Jim Ungaro. Marian received the coveted Gerry Foth Exceptional Service award. Jim received the Lifetime Membership Achievement award.
A third major award, Sportsman of the Year, went to Joe McMurray, who was unable to attend.
Distinguished Service Awards went to Tim Brown, Randy Bunn, John and Mary Anne Ciriello, Wes Davidson and John and Ellie Kratt. Tim also won the Largest Largemouth Bass award.
President Jim Bailey opened the awards program telling the audience the club's success was due in large part to their volunteerism.
The presentations took on a lighter touch when Tim Brown clowned a bit with presenter Al Byrne.
Randy Bunn won his award for service highlighted last summer when he chaired the Fish Fry.
Al was happy to present Marian's award, citing her for her many years of service to the club.
Wes Davidson (left), one of the club's newer members, was cited for quickly jumping into volunteer service.
Ellie and John Kratt were one of two volunteering couples to get Distinguished Service awards. The other couple, John and Mary Anne Ciriello, were unable to attend.
Jim Ungaro got his major award for his service as treasurer, plus the many other jobs he undertook.


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Rich country, poor citizens – the scourge of bad African governance
Rejoice Ngwenya, founder and Executive Director of the Coalition for Market and Liberal Solutions (COMALISO) in Zimbabwe, writes for the Free Market Foundation. COMALISO works for a Zimbabwe that respects the free market, property rights and constitutionalism.
For interviews:
gailday@fmfsa.org
The views expressed in the article are the author's and not necessarily shared by the members of the Foundation.
This article may be republished without prior consent but with acknowledgement to the author.
The FMF is an independent, non-profit, public benefit organisation, created in 1975 by pro-free market business and civil society national bodies to work for
a non-racial, free and prosperous South Africa.
As a policy organisation it promotes sound economic policies and the principles
of good law. As a think tank it seeks and puts forward solutions to some of the country's most pressing problems: unemployment, poverty, growth, education, health care, electricity supply, and more. The FMF was instrumental in the post-apartheid negotiations and directly influenced the Constitutional Commission to include the property
rights clause: a critical cornerstone of economic freedom.
This article was first published on City Press on
It is impossible, even if one were sitting in a roomful of enlightened economists, politicians, lawyers and social scientists, to reach a consensus on the definition and causes of poverty. There are those who claim poverty is a mental state, as others insist poverty is a manifestation of idleness. However, having traversed the lengths and breadths of Africa, I am convinced poverty exists in the realm of reality, more so a physical state of humanity. In as much as you can see blatant wealth when it confronts you, abject poverty needs no interpretation in its tangibility.
In whatever forum one sits where economic and resource dynamics of Africa are debated, one thing seems to gravitate toward a consensus – that Africa is richly endowed with both natural and human resources. The question being: if a country, or a continent has so much at its disposal, why are its citizens afflicted with abject poverty?
Dambisa Moyo, one of Africa's leading economic thought leaders, in her best-selling book 'Dead Aid' ascribes Africa's poverty to poisonous benevolence disguised as aid money from Western countries. When she wrote the book just under 20 years ago, Western aid to Africa was probably computed in the billions. With the entry of China into the 'dead aid race', it is possible that aid and grant money – some of it camouflaged as 'development funding' – currently runs into trillions.
Apart from chocking under a heavy soapstone of debt, Africa still screams for budgetary support despite sitting on trillions worth of minerals, oil and the world's largest young population. As an example, my country Zimbabwe is facing perennial default to a US20 billion dollar foreign and domestic debt, yet we do not just boast of more than 30 world-class minerals, but we are also probably in the top five exporters of platinum, lithium and tobacco. Not to mention some of the world's glamorous tourist destinations at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe Ruins and the Hwange National Parks.
Yet three quarters of Zimbabwe's adult population is not only unemployed, but also labours under a yoke of informal piece jobs that cannot yield three meals a day; cannot afford one medical aid, life insurance, primary school education or even public transport. If one compounds the impact of Covid-19 with irregular rain seasons, Zimbabwean citizens now rank among the poorest in the world – here we are talking food insecure and perforated disposable incomes in a highly inflationary environment. Ironically, the ruling oligarchs and their few government acolytes boast millions of dollars stashed in overseas accounts.
Public hospitals have neither adequate personnel no sufficient drugs. Learners photocopy books, while teachers and nurses remain on permanent industrial action alert. Food prices and the cost of living is driven by an expensive United States Dollar competing against dysfunctional local Zimbabwe Dollar currency policy. It is impossible to fathom how a country not at conventional war – except with its own people – can have millions of poor citizens. This takes me to one conclusion: Africa suffers from bad political governance, corruption and an arrogant leadership that considers power as entitlement. In real terms, bad national governance and manipulative electoral processes ultimately result in poverty.
However, do not rule out Richard Auty's resource curse or theory of the paradox of plenty . Perhaps Dambisa Moyo is correct that Africa does not require aid, but her theory is trashed by icons like Bill Gates and Bob Geldof who insist the 'civilised world' cannot stand in awe as fellow humans in Ethiopia, South Sudan and DRC suffer. But why are we Africans always quick to resolve conflicts with AK47s? Who really benefits from the wars in DRC, Mali, Cameron, Ethiopia and South Sudan? If you follow perennial conflicts in northeastern DRC closely, you will concur that both Uganda and Rwanda want to have a say in how resources are distributed in that country.
Such proxy wars instigated by external provocateurs who benefit from chaos and weak national governments enrich a few generals while impoverishing millions of Africans. The African Union (AU) and its surrogate regional bodies such as the Southern African Development Cooperation (SADC) seem powerless to resolve these crises. The quest for self-determination in south Cameron and Ethiopia's Tigray region is another way of causing poverty. Why, because governments divert crucial, scarce resources to unbudgeted military expenditure.
Today, I also want to set the record straight. There are those whom I term 'pseudo pan Africanists' who will inevitably point fingers at 'western imperialism', 'neo liberalism' and 'white capitalist interests' as the only drivers of African poverty. I do not agree because this holier-than-thou theory ignores introspective self-responsibility.
If Africa re-organised its governance and production systems on the basis of market freedom, property rights, rule of law and constitutionalism, the continent would be able to pushback any exogenous factors that militate against sustainable resource mobilization. 60 million Congolese are poor not because of France and Belgium's colonial exploits; not even due to 'imperialist tendencies' of Paul Kagame and Yoweri Museveni. They are poor because of bad, corrupt, self-centred governance in Kinshasa. Up until we Africans learn to run free and fair elections that eliminate post-electoral disputes; up until we Africans adopt free market policies that encourage productive value addition of our resources, will we remain paralysed in foreign debt and intractable poverty.
Billions of development funds are spirited out of the public purse in South Africa and Zimbabwean via opaque and corrupt deals. Our governments are grossly unaccountable, corrupt and clueless in matters of liberal governance presided over by partisan, one-sided parliaments. Until we Africans change our ways, we shall forever remain objects of pity, targets for aid and candidates of exploitative Chinese 'mega deals' whose interest is taking commodities from the continent.
Rejoice Ngwenya
Is the founder and Executive Director of the Coalition for Market and Liberal Solutions (COMALISO) in Zimbabwe. He participated in Cato University and the Friedrich Naumann Foundation's liberal training programme. COMALISO works for a Zimbabwe that respects the free market, property rights and constitutionalism.
Publish date: 13 May 2022
Rejoice Ngwenya, property rights, governance, constitutionalism, Economic freedom / Growth


The Ethiopian Parliament recently debated the issue of the high external debt of the country. This is welcome news as the debt of the nation is growing, reaching upwards of almost 16 billion dollars. A large portion of this is borrowed from multilateral institutions, such as the World Bank and the African Development Bank, while bilateral creditors are owed about four billion dollars. This comes as the country is rushing to be an industralised nation and is investing heavily in its political and national priorities.
In the shadow of a slowing economy, where a shortage of foreign currencies is still a pressing issue to the local economy, Ethiopia, a member of the group of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC), is more than ever relying heavily on external debt to sustain its ambitious development agenda.
The option to borrow has become a viable and attractive one in the country's ambition to become middle income by 2025. Ethiopia's credit rating is recorded as a B by Moody's and Fitch, and supporters of the value of external loans see it as a virtue, considering it vital to the development of the country.
The construction of a number of mega projects and industrial parks has been a major part of the country's plans to become a manufacturing powerhouse. Heavy investments have been made in energy, roads and transportation. As the projects progress, Ethiopia's option to borrow for its infrastructure and industrial projects, from external and internal sources, is seen as an investment that will ultimately produce dividends and not become a burden to society.
There are ample valid reasons why an emerging disadvantaged nation, such as Ethiopia, needs to borrow. Many nations borrow huge sums of money from external sources to sustain their economy; the United States is a prime example.
What should be a concern to Ethiopia is its ability to pay back the loans it has signed up for as it continues to borrow and build. Smart borrowers use external loans to curb a sharp declining economy, or when the need to provide immediate services to citizens, because of emergency or natural disaster, arises.
Historically, debt has crippled the development of Ethiopia. Debt limited economic growth and corruption and destruction became the norm. During Ethiopia's era of military rule under Mengistu Haliemariam, Ethiopia borrowed around 11 billion dollars and nine billion was spent on acquiring arms, while a small portion was spent to facilitate the response to the famine epidemic the country was facing. These loans, used to destroy, not build and partially forgiven, are still outstanding today.
As export is falling in the country, the country is still taking on debt for infrastructure development. Countries such as China, India and institutions such as the World Bank have been in a rush to lend much needed financial resources. What should be concerning the government is whether the loans will turn into unsustainable debt, which will need to be paid back at the cost of the country's economic stability and sovereignty.
As one of the world's fastest growing economies, Ethiopia has seen its economy grow at a rate of about 9.8pc each year. This growth was instrumental in producing the development successes that are visible in the country. However, there hasn't seemed to be any plans to shore up economic revenues to eventually pay back the debt. The way loans are viewed in government policies, as ratios of Growth Domestic Product (GDP) risks fostering complacency in the government. Looking at loan as as ratio of exports gives a much clearer picture of how much a country actually owes with respect to how much money it makes.
Some of the country's external loans, both bilateral and multilateral, have been spent on a slew of investments, from sugar factories (some of which have been cancelled), to roads, courtesy of Chinese contractors. Loans being spent on investments, rather than consumption (like the army and oil) traditionally have a much better chance of being paid back. While the loan to export ratio has not yet pushed into the realm of unsustainable debt (150pc), Ethiopia is surely headed that way. While its loans are pegged at 23pc, considered "low risk," the volume of loans is increasing, and its external debt is at 31pc GDP, as noted by institutions such as the IMF.
Ethiopia's high debt has not been matched by a better utilised export industry. If the debt to export ratio is not balanced, this can cause a defect that can lead to a financial crisis, which in return can lead the country to extreme measures to pay back the loans. This includes the pressure to print more money which leads to inflation, as seen in countries such as Argentina and Nigeria. Once these loans mature, there is a risk of a bailout, where governments will be forced to cut essential services to the populations and lose its ability to enact sovereign financial policies. It will be forced to pay high interests of a loan, taking away resources from citizens' social safety nets.
Taxpayers (citizens) will become the ultimate footers of the debt.
Even as the IMF and the World Bank draw a framework, where countries will not borrow more than they are able to pay, the willingness for Ethiopia to sign on to external loans at every opportunity should be concerning.
The best option for Ethiopia is to slow down its economical and infrastructure growth, prioritise its many projects, and be wary of being too ambitious at the expense of its economical framework and private entrepreneurships. It should focus on the vital priorities of the country. It should not make decisions to appease political concerns and constituents, but act in areas where the national interest is a priority.
While the Ethiopian society has a slew of government institutions, to run and monitor almost all actions of the government, it has yet to have an institution to monitor the consequences of all the debt the country is eager to sign on for. There needs to be a specific unit that takes charge of this area and monitors the country's loan: export ratio, which is a vital information.
Unless Ethiopia remains aware of the actual state of external loans and shores up the ailing export sector, it risks becoming what Greek became to Europe – mismanaged and unable to meet the basic social needs of its vulnerable citizens let alone become the respected voice within the region.


text:
import { sprintf } from 'sprintf-js';
import { IRuleMetadata, RuleFailure, WalkContext } from 'tslint';
import { AbstractRule } from 'tslint/lib/rules';
import { dedent } from 'tslint/lib/utils';
import { ClassDeclaration, forEachChild, isClassDeclaration, Node, SourceFile } from 'typescript';
import {
  AngularLifecycleInterfaceKeys,
  AngularLifecycleInterfaces,
  AngularLifecycleMethodKeys,
  AngularLifecycleMethods,
  getDeclaredAngularLifecycleInterfaces,
  getDeclaredAngularLifecycleMethods,
} from './util/utils';

interface FailureParameters {
  readonly message: typeof Rule.FAILURE_STRING_INTERFACE_HOOK | typeof Rule.FAILURE_STRING_METHOD_HOOK;
}

const LIFECYCLE_INTERFACES: ReadonlyArray<AngularLifecycleInterfaceKeys> = [
  AngularLifecycleInterfaces.DoCheck,
  AngularLifecycleInterfaces.OnChanges,
];
const LIFECYCLE_METHODS: ReadonlyArray<AngularLifecycleMethodKeys> = [
  AngularLifecycleMethods.ngDoCheck,
  AngularLifecycleMethods.ngOnChanges,
];

export const getFailureMessage = (failureParameters: FailureParameters): string => sprintf(failureParameters.message);

export class Rule extends AbstractRule {
  static metadata: IRuleMetadata = {
    description: 'Ensures that directives not implement conflicting lifecycle interfaces.',
    descriptionDetails: 'See more at https://angular.io/api/core/DoCheck#description.',
    options: null,
    optionsDescription: 'Not configurable.',
    rationale: dedent`
      A directive typically should not use both ${AngularLifecycleInterfaces.DoCheck} and ${AngularLifecycleInterfaces.OnChanges} to respond
      to changes on the same input, as ${AngularLifecycleMethods.ngOnChanges} will continue to be called when the
      default change detector detects changes.
    `,
    ruleName: 'no-conflicting-lifecycle',
    type: 'maintainability',
    typescriptOnly: true,
  };

  static readonly FAILURE_STRING_INTERFACE_HOOK = dedent`
    Implementing ${AngularLifecycleInterfaces.DoCheck} and ${AngularLifecycleInterfaces.OnChanges} in a class is not recommended
  `;
  static readonly FAILURE_STRING_METHOD_HOOK = dedent`
    Declaring ${AngularLifecycleMethods.ngDoCheck} and ${AngularLifecycleMethods.ngOnChanges} method in a class is not recommended
  `;

  apply(sourceFile: SourceFile): RuleFailure[] {
    return this.applyWithFunction(sourceFile, walk);
  }
}

const validateClassDeclaration = (context: WalkContext, node: ClassDeclaration): void => {
  validateInterfaces(context, node);
  validateMethods(context, node);
};

const validateInterfaces = (context: WalkContext, node: ClassDeclaration): void => {
  const declaredAngularLifecycleInterfaces = getDeclaredAngularLifecycleInterfaces(node);
  const hasConflictingLifecycle = LIFECYCLE_INTERFACES.every((lifecycleInterface) =>
    declaredAngularLifecycleInterfaces.includes(lifecycleInterface)
  );

  if (!hasConflictingLifecycle) return;

  const failure = getFailureMessage({
    message: Rule.FAILURE_STRING_INTERFACE_HOOK,
  });

  context.addFailureAtNode(node, failure);
};

const validateMethods = (context: WalkContext, node: ClassDeclaration): void => {
  const declaredAngularLifecycleMethods = getDeclaredAngularLifecycleMethods(node);
  const hasConflictingLifecycle = LIFECYCLE_METHODS.every((lifecycleMethod) => declaredAngularLifecycleMethods.includes(lifecycleMethod));

  if (!hasConflictingLifecycle) return;

  const failure = getFailureMessage({
    message: Rule.FAILURE_STRING_METHOD_HOOK,
  });

  context.addFailureAtNode(node, failure);
};

const walk = (context: WalkContext): void => {
  const { sourceFile } = context;

  const callback = (node: Node): void => {
    if (isClassDeclaration(node)) validateClassDeclaration(context, node);

    forEachChild(node, callback);
  };

  forEachChild(sourceFile, callback);
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Luis Miguel Rodriguez was born in Havana, Cuba September 29th 1959.
At the age of 13, his outstanding abilities to create sketches and drawings led to him to be selected by the prestigious academy of art "San Alejandro" of Havana Cuba.
During this time, his love of the sea and the underwater world he discovered temporarily distanced him from the art that he displayed such a passion as well. His love for underwater diving opened a new prospective for his abilities as an artist.
It was also this time that allowed him to comprehensively explore and gain a great influence of the marine environment which surrounded him during his diving ventures. These influences are still predominant in his paintings, as it continues to compliment and display his vision of the sea world on the canvas.
Armed with his gifted ability and imagination, he tirelessly pursues his expressions of these visions using the palate and canvas. Primarily a medium to communicate his surrealist concept, he is further influenced by the addition of his interpretation of the universal plastic arts, expressionism and contemporary art as seen thru the lens of his remarkable imagination.
The impressionist influence can clearly be defined in the chromatic synthesis displayed in his artwork, which serves to express an intensity of light, atmosphere and the reflections these conditions and effects have in his creation. To the naked eye he allows the complimentary vision of balance that is reflected by his use of dimensions and proportions to further compliment the shadows and shades of colors that enable the viewer to associate with his art.
A good example is of his symbolism is found in his work titled "New York-New York (9/11/2001), in which he embodies the human unity of the pain and suffering we all felt as a nation of all creed and colors. The union if all races and cultures, as seen lifting the Big Apple are irrevocably expressing the bond between us as a people. This resurrection from the ashes is our link to the N.Y.C. phoenix being reborn once more. This work is on exhibit as part of the permanent collection of the 911 commemorative paintings in the City hall of Manhattan, New York.
"San Alejandro" of Havana Cuba.
2011 – Inaugural Opening of Luis Miguel Art Gallery – Miami, Florida.
2011 – Cuba Nostalgia – Westchester, Florida.
2010 – Carnival on the Mile – Coral Gables, Florida.
2010 – Gables Hispanic Cultural Festival – Coral Gables, Florida.
2010 – Permanent Exposition – Salón de Exhibición, Biblioteca Birlocha – Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
2007 – "Mundos Paralelos"- Luis Miguel Art Gallery.
2006 – "Memorias"- Domingo Padron.
2006 – Rainbow Art Gallery.
2004 – "Pan, Amor y fantasía"- La Boheme Private Gallery-Miami, Florida.
2002 – Arte Exquisito en Brickell- Miami, Florida.
2002 – "Luis Miguel"- 133 Giralda Ave.- Coral Gables, Florida.
1994 – Liceo Artístico y Literario de Regla- Habana, Cuba.
1993 – Museo Municipal de Regla- Habana, Cuba.
1991 – Casa de la Cultura de Regla- Habana, Cuba.
1984 – Segundo Premio- Concurso Grafico de la Habana- Cuba.
1983 – Premio a la Popularidad- Concurso Grafico de la Habana- Cuba.
1983 – Primer Premio- Concurso Grafico de la Habana- Cuba.
2011 – Colectiva en Luis Miguel Art Gallery – Miami, Florida.
2011 – First National Bank – Miami, Florida.
2010 – Solo Art Miami – Miami, Florida.
2010 – GDS Fine Arts Studio – Miami, Florida.
2010 – Carnaval Miami – Miami, Florida.
2009 – Carnaval Miami – Miami, Florida.
2009 – Cuba Nostalgia- Miami, Florida.
2009 – Alexandria Festival of the Arts, Virginia.
2009 – DaVinci's Galerry – Miami, Florida.
2008 – Alan Howard Events- Key Biscayne, Florida.
2008 – Cuba Nostalgia- Miami, Florida.
2008 – Home Show- Miami, Florida.
2007 – "A Great Small Format"- La Boheme- Miami, Florida.
2007 – Miami Science Museum- Miami, Florida.
2007 – "Expresiones de Arte- The Wirtz Gallery- Miami, Florida.
2007 – Cuba Nostalgia- Miami, Florida.
2006 – Art Miami- Convention Center- Miami, Florida.
2006 – Cuba Nostalgia- Miami, Florida.
2005 – Exposición de arte cubano- Ocean Bank-Miami, Florida.
2005 – Cuba Nostalgia- Miami, Florida.
2005 – The art of the Sister Cities- Teatro Tower- Miami, Florida.
2005 – Uniting artist for Tsunami Raties.
2004 – Art Miami- Miami Beach Convention Center, Miami, Florida.
2004 – Desarrollo artístico e integración Latinoamericana- Brickell Squares.
2004 – Cuba Nostalgia- Miami, Florida.
2004 – Con sabor a Cuba- Casa Juancho- Miami, Florida.
2004 – Homenaje a la cultura iberoamericana, Teatro Tower- Miami, Florida.
2004 – Expresiones iberoamericanas de arte- The Wirtz Gallery- Miami, Florida.
2004 – Exposición Iberoamericana de arte- Teatro Tower- Miami, Florida.
2004 – Pequeño Formato- La Boheme Private Gallery- Miami, Florida.
2003 – "Beyond the Skin"- Sono Art Gallery- New Cork.
2003 – Homenaje a Jesse Ríos- Domingo Padron- Miami, Florida.
2003 – "Gallinas"- 1067 Gallery- Miami, Florida.
2003 – St. Francis of Assis Church- Carol La Plante Gallery- New York.
2003 – Cuba Nostalgia-Miami, Florida.
2003 – Sonidos de Cerrojos- Potrony Gallery.
2003 – Fointainblue Hotel- Miami Beach.
2003 – CAMACOL Intercontinental Conference-Miami, Florida.
2003 – Subasta Internacional- San Juan- Puerto Rico.
2002 – Latin Brush Strokes Fine Art Gallery- Naples, Florida.
2002 -Viva Naples- Naples, Florida.
2002 – Subasta Niños Discapacitados- Miami, Florida.
2002 – Cuba Nostalgia- Miami, Florida.
2002 – Giralda Gallery- Coral Gables, Florida.
2002 – Galería Artistas Contemporáneos- Downtown Miami, Florida.
2002 – O & Y Gallery- Coral Gables, Florida.
2001 – CAMACOL- Miami, Florida.
1997 – Casa de Cultura de Regla- Habana, Cuba.
1995 – Jóvenes Pintores- Museo Municipal de Regla- Habana, Cuba.
1984 – Concurso Grafico de la Habana- Habana, Cuba.
1983 – Concurso Grafico de la Habana- Habana, Cuba.


The Basketball category on pricena has more than 4110 products and 764 brands ,sold by 6 Stores. The prices of Basketball in India range from ₹ 149 to ₹ 153979. The most popular brands are COSCO, SHOP ONLINE, Marvel, NBA Brand, Nba by Outerstuff. You can refine the search results of Basketball products by using advanced filters by brand, price range, store, .. The most popular Basketball products on pricena are Cosco dribble 7, SPALDING TF-50 BASKETBALL, SPALDING TF-50 BASKETBALL, Sportigoo Men Orange & Black, ADIDAS Men Orange D 29.5. By comparing prices before you buy, you can achieve Average savings in this category of ₹ 253 and up to ₹ 253.
Wilson NCAA Illuminator, Glow in the Dark Basketball, 28.5"


text:
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Highlight: Cheshire Academy's IB Programme
July 10, 2018Written by anneevans1
Cheshire Academy is an internationally minded college-preparatory school that challenges its students to maximize their potential by developing the confidence, character, and critical-thinking skills that enable them to thrive as global citizens. Our students grow increasingly capable of independently observing, questioning, explaining, interpreting, and analyzing the world. Our academic process begins with what students know and want to know, and develops active learners who reflect on their growth and the implications of their learning. The International Baccalaureate® (IB) Diploma Programme aims to do more than other curricula by developing inquiring, knowledgeable and caring young people who are motivated to succeed. Cheshire Academy is the only private school in Connecticut to offer this globally recognized high school diploma. We strive to develop students who will build a better world through intercultural understanding and respect.
WHAT IS THE IB PROGRAMME?
Founded in 1968, the International Baccalaureate® (IB) organization currently works with over 4,000 schools in approximately 150 countries. Globally recognized, the IB programme is one of the most widely accepted educational curricula, offering challenging programs to more than 1.2 million students ages 3-19 years. IB students are intellectually curious, engaged citizens who both embrace their own cultures and are open and responsive to other cultures and views. Cheshire Academy values the esteemed reputation of the IB programme because of its quality, high standards, and pedagogical leadership.
INTERNATIONALLY MINDED LEARNERS
The IB focuses on each student as a whole person. Thus, IB programmes address not only cognitive development but social, emotional and physical wellbeing. The aim is to develop inquiring, knowledgeable and caring young people with adaptable skills to tackle society's complex challenges and who will help to make it a better, more peaceful world.
The Diploma Programme (DP) is a curriculum which emphasizes both breadth and depth of knowledge. The DP is made up of three core elements and six subject groups.
Three Core Elements:
Theory of Knowledge (TOK) is an interdisciplinary course that asks students to reflect on the nature of knowledge and how we know what we claim to know.
Creativity, Activity, Service (CAS) requires students to engage in activities outside the classroom. These may include arts, athletics, and community service.
Extended Essay (EE) is a research paper on a topic of the student's choosing based on individual interests and passions.
Six Subject Groups:
Three or four courses must be taken at the higher level (HL) to be considered for the diploma. Standard level (SL) courses comprise 150 teaching hours, while HL courses comprise 240 teaching hours.
WHY OFFER THE IB PROGRAMME?
Research has proven that the IB programme is beneficial for several reasons, including:
Encourages students to be reflective, active, lifelong learners, and critical thinkers.
Increases confidence in managing demanding workloads, time management, and high expectations.
Improves students' approach to learning in higher education, better preparing them for college studies and life after college.
STANDING OUT IN COLLEGE APPLICATION PROCESS
IB students are distinctive and will bring a unique set of attributes to whatever university or college that they ultimately attend. IB Diploma (DP) students:
Know how to do independent research
Have a demonstrated foreign language skill
Contribute a global perspective to current events
Have given back to their communities through volunteerism and community service
Study the language, history and arts of diverse cultures, and approach problems from multiple perspectives
Have above-average time management skills and are exceedingly well-prepared for the rigor of college-level coursework
Take a year-long course to develop critical thinking, analysis, and explore ways of knowing theory of knowledge (TOK)
DP students apply to more than 3,300 higher education institutions each year, in close to 90 countries. Studies show that IB students are more likely to be accepted at some of the most competitive colleges and universities. The highly acclaimed international reputation of the IB diploma programme is especially beneficial to students interested in pursuing studies outside of the United States.
CHESHIRE ACADEMY IB PROGRAMME ALUMNI TESTIMONIAL
"The IB Diploma Program provides the best educational experience available to a high schooler. It forces you out of your comfort zone — within the classroom and beyond — and allows you to grow not only as a student but as a citizen. Each IB class includes a broad and deep exploration of the topic at hand, but it is the way that all of this material comes together between subjects that makes the Diploma Program truly rewarding.
I would consistently find my classes in the humanities informing the most logical way to communicate an idea in the sciences, and likewise, scientific investigation forming the basis of a research paper in history. The IB further provides opportunities for interdisciplinary studies that allow students to continue these experiences as far as they desire.
Since completing the Diploma, I have found myself very well-prepared for my first year at Yale. I believe my experience in the IB has shaped me as a critical thinker and will continue to impact my life wherever life takes me next." Patrick Brown '17
To learn more about Cheshire Academy's IB Programme or to complete your application for admission, visit us online at www.cheshireacademy.org/ib
Yale Young Global Scholars – Summer 2020
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- Congressman
Joe Courtney
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text:
— японская актриса, снявшаяся во множестве фильмов, как относящихся к жанру «пинку эйга», так и обычных

Биография
Родилась 29 января 1949 года в Токио. До начала актёрской карьеры работала официанткой в кофейне. В кино дебютировала в июле 1971 года, снявшись в фильме «пинку эйга» . В 1972-74 годах Миясита снялась в 8 фильмах компании «Nikkatsu», входящих в серию «Apartment Wife». Дзюнко Миясита снималась в фильмах таких режиссёров, как Кодзи Вакамацу, Нобору Танака и Тацуми Кумасиро. Среди ранних фильмов, в которых снялась Миясита, выделяются три фильма Нобору Танаки, входящие в серию «Трилогия Сёва»:  (1975),  (1976), и  (1977). Будучи необычайно хорошей актрисой для жанра «пинку эйга», Миясита номинировалась на премию Японской киноакадемии в номинации «лучшая женская роль» за роли сыгранные в фильмах Кихати Окамото «Dynamite Bang Bang» и Хидэо Госи «Bandit vs. Samurai Squad» (оба 1978). За роли в обоих фильмах Дзюнко Миясита получила премию «Голубая лента». В 1979 году Миясита была повторно номинирована на ту же премию за роль в фильме , она получила за эту роль и роль, сыгранную в фильме , премию «Hochi Film Award». Через год Дзюнко Миясита также получила премию кинофестиваля «Yokohama Film Festival».

Начиная с 1980-х годов Миясита снималась в обычных фильмах, в том числе в двух фильмах Мицуо Янагимати, завоевавших награды на кинофестивалях:  (1985) и  (1992). Позднее режиссёр Нобору Танака сказал о своей работе с Мияситой так: «Мне нравился её естественный стиль. Она всегда выглядит очень естественно, но вы можете почувствовать большую мощь и силу, которыми она обладает. У неё очень традиционный и консервативный японский стиль, но на экране можно заметить её решимость… у неё было очень традиционная японская красота, а также энергия и сила, и это мне в ней нравилось».

Примечания

Актрисы Японии


The new charitable foundation created this year by the Louisville Water Co. has announced its first gift, a $10,000 donation to help typhoon-relief efforts in the Philippines.
The Louisville Water Foundation awarded the gift to WaterStep, the Louisville-based organization that seeks to provide safe drinking water to people in crisis around the world. WaterStep will use the money as part of its effort to provide water-purification chlorine generators in the Philippines.
Louisville Water Co. created the foundation in April to complement the company's mission of improving public health and the quality of life.
The foundation, which does not operate with ratepayer dollars, centers its efforts on water assistance and water-related education. The foundation funds a program that helps customers who have difficulty paying their water bill.
The foundation also is set up to provide assistance for water-education efforts and to support programs like WaterStep.
The Louisville Water Foundation operates with a small percentage of the proceeds from Louisville Water's water-line protection program and donations from individuals, corporations and government entities.


text:
var path = require("../core/path");
var param = require("../core/params_analyze.js");
var globals = require("../core/globals");
var file = require("../core/file.js");
var compile = require("../tools/compile.js");

var screening = require("../tools/screeningfiles");

var closureCompiler = require("../core/closureCompiler");
var zip = require("../core/createzip.js");

var filelist = require("../core/getProjectFilelist.js");
var genVer = require("../tools/generate_version");
var projectProperties = require("../core/projectProperties.js");
var async = require('../core/async');

var execFile = require("child_process").execFile;
var binPath = require("../lib/webp/webp-bin").path;

var versionCtr;
function run(dir, args, opts) {
    if (opts["-testJava"]) {
        closureCompiler.checkUserJava();
        return;
    }

    var currDir = globals.joinEgretDir(dir, args[0]);
    globals.checkVersion(currDir);
    globals.setShowDebugLog();

    projectProperties.init(currDir);

    var versionFile = "";
    if (opts["--version"]) {
        versionFile = opts["--version"][0];
    }
    if (versionFile == null || versionFile == "") {
        versionFile = Math.round(Date.now() / 1000);
    }

    versionCtr = require('../tools/version/' + require("../tools/version/getVersionCtr").getVersionCtrName(projectProperties.getProjectPath()));

    var runtime = param.getOption(opts, "--runtime", ["html5", "native"]);
    if (runtime == "native") {
        publishNative(opts, versionFile);
    }
    else {
        publishHtml5(opts, versionFile);
    }
}

function getCompilePath(opts) {
    var compilepath = "";
    if (param.getArgv()["opts"]["--method"] && param.getArgv()["opts"]["--method"] == "uglify") {
        compilepath = "../uglify-js/uglify_adapt";
    }
    else {
        compilepath = "../core/closureCompiler";
    }
    return compilepath;
}

function publishNative(opts, versionFile) {

    var timeMinSec = Date.now();

    globals.log2(1402, "native", versionFile + "");

    var projectPath = projectProperties.getProjectPath();
    var releasePath = path.join(projectPath, projectProperties.getReleaseUrl());
    var ziptempPath = path.join(releasePath, "ziptemp");
    file.remove(ziptempPath);

    var releaseOutputPath = path.join(releasePath, "android", versionFile + "");
    if (file.exists(releaseOutputPath)) {
        file.remove(releaseOutputPath);
    }
    file.createDirectory(releaseOutputPath);

    var task = [];

    //js文件
    //获取gamelist以及egretlist
    var file_list = filelist.getAllFileList(projectPath, "native");
    var needCompile = (opts["-compile"] || opts["-compiler"]) ? true : false;
    if (needCompile) {//压缩js文件,并拷贝到ziptemp目录中
        task.push(function (tempCallback) {
            var tempTime = Date.now();
            globals.debugLog(1403);

            var compilePath = getCompilePath();
            var adapt = require(compilePath);
            adapt.compilerSingleFile(file_list, path.join(ziptempPath, "launcher", "game-min-native.js"), path.join(ziptempPath, "launcher", "__game-min-native.js"), function () {
                globals.debugLog(1404, (Date.now() - tempTime) / 1000);
                tempCallback();
            });
        });
    }
    else {
        task.push(function (tempCallback) {
            var tempTime = Date.now();
            //拷贝到ziptemp目录中
            globals.debugLog(1405);
            file_list.map(function (item) {
                var re = path.relative(projectPath, item);
                file.copy(item, path.join(ziptempPath, re));
            });

            file.copy(path.join(projectPath, "bin-debug", "lib", "egret_file_list_native.js"), path.join(ziptempPath, "bin-debug", "lib", "egret_file_list.js"));
            file.copy(path.join(projectPath, "bin-debug", "src", "game_file_list.js"), path.join(ziptempPath, "bin-debug", "src", "game_file_list.js"));

            globals.debugLog(1406, (Date.now() - tempTime) / 1000);
            tempCallback();
        });
    }

    //生成版本控制文件到nativeBase里
    if (true) {
        task.push(function (tempCallback) {
            //是否要重新生成当前版本的baseVersion文件
            var freshBaseVersion = (opts["-freshBaseVersion"]) ? true : false;
            if (freshBaseVersion) {
                file.remove(path.join(releasePath, "nativeBase"));
            }

            var tempTime = Date.now();
            globals.debugLog(1407);

            genVer.generate(projectPath, path.join(releasePath, "nativeBase"), projectProperties.getVersionCode("native"), projectProperties.getIgnorePath());

            globals.debugLog(1408, (Date.now() - tempTime) / 1000);
            tempCallback();
        });
    }

    //打zip包
    var nozip = opts["-nozip"];

    if (true) {//拷贝其他需要打到zip包里的文件
        task.push(function (tempCallback) {
            //拷贝需要zip的文件
            //拷贝版本控制文件
            versionCtr.copyZipManifest(releasePath, ziptempPath);

            if (file.exists(path.join(projectPath, "launcher", "native_require.js"))) {
                var fileModify = require("../core/fileAutoChange");
                fileModify.modifyNativeRequire(projectPath, needCompile, nozip, versionCtr.getClassName());
            }

            file.copy(path.join(projectPath, "launcher", "native_loader.js"), path.join(ziptempPath, "launcher", "native_loader.js"));
            file.copy(path.join(projectPath, "launcher", "runtime_loader.js"), path.join(ziptempPath, "launcher", "runtime_loader.js"));
            file.copy(path.join(projectPath, "launcher", "native_require.js"), path.join(ziptempPath, "launcher", "native_require.js"));

            tempCallback();
        });
    }

    if (nozip) {//不需要打zip包
        task.push(function (tempCallback) {
            var tempTime = Date.now();
            globals.debugLog(1414);
            file.copy(ziptempPath, releaseOutputPath);
            file.remove(ziptempPath);
            globals.debugLog(1409, (Date.now() - tempTime) / 1000);
            tempCallback();
        });
    }
    else {//打zip包
        task.push(function (tempCallback) {
            var tempTime = Date.now();
            globals.debugLog(1410);
            var password = getPassword(opts);
            var zipFile = path.join(releaseOutputPath, "game_code_" + versionFile + ".zip");
            zip.createZipFile(ziptempPath, zipFile, function () {
                file.remove(ziptempPath);

                globals.debugLog(1411, (Date.now() - tempTime) / 1000);
                tempCallback();
            }, password);
        });
    }

    //拷贝其他资源文件
    if (true) {//拷贝其他文件到发布目录
        task.push(function (tempCallback) {
            //拷贝其他不需要放入到zip的版本控制的文件
            versionCtr.copyOtherManifest(releasePath, releaseOutputPath, nozip);

            //获取已经筛选过的资源列表
            var versionInfo = JSON.parse(file.read(path.join(releasePath, "nativeBase", "all.manifest")));
            versionCtr.copyFilesWithIgnore(projectPath, releaseOutputPath, versionInfo);

            compressJson(releaseOutputPath);
            tempCallback();
        });
    }

    //拷贝到native工程中
    if (true) {
        task.push(function (tempCallback) {
            var startTime = Date.now();

            //apk
            if (projectProperties.getNativePath("android")) {
                var url1 = path.join(projectProperties.getProjectPath(), projectProperties.getNativePath("android"), "proj.android");
                var url2 = path.join(projectProperties.getProjectPath(), projectProperties.getNativePath("android"), "proj.android/assets");
                if (file.exists(url1)) {//是egret的android项目
                    //1、清除文件夹
                    file.remove(path.join(url2, "egret-game"));
                    file.createDirectory(path.join(url2, "egret-game"));
                    file.copy(releaseOutputPath, path.join(url2, "egret-game"));

                    //修改java文件
                    var entrance = require('../core/changePlatformEntrance');
                    if (nozip) {
                        entrance.changeBuild(url1, "android");
                    }
                    else {
                        entrance.changePublish(url1, "android", versionFile);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (projectProperties.getNativePath("ios")) {
                var url1 = path.join(projectProperties.getProjectPath(), projectProperties.getNativePath("ios"), "proj.ios");
                var url2 = path.join(projectProperties.getProjectPath(), projectProperties.getNativePath("ios"), "Resources");

                if (file.exists(url1) && file.exists(url2)) {//是egret的ios项目
                    //1、清除文件夹
                    file.remove(path.join(url2, "egret-game"));

                    file.createDirectory(path.join(url2, "egret-game"));
                    file.copy(releaseOutputPath, path.join(url2, "egret-game"));

                    //修改java文件
                    var entrance = require('../core/changePlatformEntrance');
                    if (nozip) {
                        entrance.changeBuild(url1, "ios");
                    }
                    else {
                        entrance.changePublish(url1, "ios", versionFile);
                    }
                }
            }

            globals.log2(1412, (Date.now() - startTime) / 1000);

            tempCallback();
        });
    }

    async.series(task, function (err) {
        if (!err) {
            globals.log2(1413, (Date.now() - timeMinSec) / 1000);
        }
        else {
            globals.exit(err);
        }
    });
}

function publishHtml5(opts, versionFile) {
    var timeMinSec = Date.now();

    globals.log2(1402, "html5", versionFile + "");

    var projectPath = projectProperties.getProjectPath();
    var releasePath = path.join(projectPath, projectProperties.getReleaseUrl());

    var releaseOutputPath = path.join(releasePath, "html5", versionFile + "");
    if (file.exists(releaseOutputPath)) {
        file.remove(releaseOutputPath);
    }
    file.createDirectory(releaseOutputPath);

    var task = [];

    //js文件
    //获取gamelist以及egretlist
    var file_list = filelist.getAllFileList(projectPath, "html5");
    var needCompile = (opts["-compile"] || opts["-compiler"]) ? true : false;

    if (true) {//压缩js文件,并拷贝到ziptemp目录中
        task.push(function (tempCallback) {
            var tempTime = Date.now();
            globals.debugLog(1403);

            var compilePath = getCompilePath();
            var adapt = require(compilePath);
            adapt.compilerSingleFile(file_list, path.join(releaseOutputPath, "launcher", "game-min.js"), path.join(releaseOutputPath, "launcher", "__game-min.js"), function () {
                globals.debugLog(1404, (Date.now() - tempTime) / 1000);
                tempCallback();
            });
        });
    }
    else {
        task.push(function (tempCallback) {
            var tempTime = Date.now();
            //拷贝到ziptemp目录中
            globals.debugLog(1405);
            file_list.map(function (item) {
                var re = path.relative(projectPath, item);
                file.copy(item, path.join(releaseOutputPath, re));
            });

            file.copy(path.join(projectPath, "bin-debug", "lib", "egret_file_list.js"), path.join(releaseOutputPath, "bin-debug", "lib", "egret_file_list.js"));
            file.copy(path.join(projectPath, "bin-debug", "src", "game_file_list.js"), path.join(releaseOutputPath, "bin-debug", "src", "game_file_list.js"));

            globals.debugLog(1406, (Date.now() - tempTime) / 1000);
            tempCallback();
        });
    }

    if (true) {//拷贝其他文件
        task.push(function (tempCallback) {
            //拷贝

            //拷贝release.html到外面,并且改名为index.html
            file.copy(path.join(projectPath, "launcher", "release.html"), path.join(releaseOutputPath, "index.html"));

            //拷贝其他的launcher内文件
            copyFilesWithIgnoreList(path.join(projectPath, "launcher"), path.join(releaseOutputPath, "launcher"),
                ["game-min.js", "index.html", "release.html", "native_loader.js", "runtime_loader.js", "native_require.js"]);
            tempCallback();
        });
    }

    //拷贝其他资源文件
    if (true) {//拷贝
        task.push(function (tempCallback) {
            file.copy(path.join(projectPath, "resource"), path.join(releaseOutputPath, "resource"));
            compressJson(releaseOutputPath);

            var needWebP = opts["-webp"];
            if (needWebP) {
                //替换发布文件中对webp格式判断
                var str = "useWebP = true;";
                var txt = file.read(path.join(releaseOutputPath, "index.html"));
                txt = txt.replace("//WebP_replace",str);
                file.save(path.join(releaseOutputPath, "index.html"), txt);
                file.copy(path.join(param.getEgretPath(), "tools", "lib", "lib", "webp", "4x4.webp"), path.join(releaseOutputPath, "4x4.webp"));
                //图片转webp
                var list = file.getDirectoryAllListing(path.join(releaseOutputPath, "resource"));
                list = list.filter(function (item) {
                    return item.indexOf(".png") != -1 || item.indexOf(".jpg") != -1;
                });
                var total = list.length;
                var webPFormat = function () {
                    if (list.length) {
                        var item = list.shift();
                        globals.debugLog(1419, total - list.length, total);
                        var webpPath = item.replace(".png", ".webp").replace(".jpg", ".webp");
                        execFile(binPath, (item + ' -q 80 -o ' + webpPath).split(/\s+/), function (err, stdout, stderr) {
                            if (err) {
                                globals.log2(1418, item);
                            }
                            webPFormat();
                        });
                    }
                    else {
                        tempCallback();
                    }
                };
                webPFormat();
            }
            else {
                tempCallback();
            }
        });
    }

    async.series(task, function (err) {
        if (!err) {
            globals.log2(1413, (Date.now() - timeMinSec) / 1000);
        }
        else {
            globals.exit(err);
        }
    });
}

function copyFilesWithIgnoreList(sourceRootPath, destRootPath, ignorePathList) {
    var copyFilePathList = file.getDirectoryAllListing(path.join(sourceRootPath));

    ignorePathList = ignorePathList.map(function (item) {
        var reg = new RegExp(item);
        return reg;
    });

    var isIgnore = false;
    copyFilePathList.forEach(function (copyFilePath) {
        isIgnore = false;

        for (var key in ignorePathList) {//检测忽略列表
            var ignorePath = ignorePathList[key];

            if (copyFilePath.match(ignorePath)) {
                isIgnore = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (!isIgnore) {//不在忽略列表的路径,拷贝过去
            var copyFileRePath = path.relative(sourceRootPath, copyFilePath);
            file.copy(path.join(copyFilePath), path.join(destRootPath, copyFileRePath));
        }
    });
}

function getOptsValue(opts, typeArr) {
    for (var key in typeArr) {
        var type = typeArr[key];

        if (opts[type] && opts[type][0]) {
            return opts[type][0];
        }
    }
    return "";
}

function getPassword(opts) {
    return getOptsValue(opts, ["--password"]);
}

function compressJson(releasePath) {
    //扫描json数据
    if (param.getArgv()["opts"]["-compressjson"]) {
        var compress = require("../tools/compress_json.js");
        compress.run(releasePath, []);
    }
}

exports.run = run;


Your MySky SkyCart is an authentic airline food and beverage cart. It was built by one of the manufacturers which supply the airlines with their galley trolleys. The Pan Am SkyCart is built to meet the same requirements as carts in service on commercial aircraft, ensuring quality and durability.
Seven Aluminum Shelves, holding three wine bottles each safely in specifically designed recesses, turn this airline service cart into a wine lover's dream.
While an airline cart can be an exclusive item in your home the Pan Am SkyCart is a very useful conversation starter in your office. A real icebreaker!